LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN AGRJCULTURE CIRCULATING CHECK FOR UNBOUND CIRCULATING COPY The Illinois Soil Experiment Fields BULLETIN No. 273 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION January, 1926 FOREWORD In the investigations of the soils of Illinois three main lines of procedure have been followed: namely, mapping and classifying the soils of the state by types; subjecting samples to laboratory analysis; and conducting field experiments. In accordance with this program there have been operated for a sufficient length of time to afford results of some significance, all told, 56 soil experiment fields distributed over the state on various soil types. It is the purpose of the present bulletin to place on record a description of the work on each of these fields, together with the results obtained to date. It is the thought that these data, presented without discus- sion or comment, will furnish the basic information for many different studies connected with the innumer- able problems concerned in the maintenance and the improvement of our soils. While the authors must assume the responsibility for the presentation of this material, obviously credit for its accumulation belongs to the many former and present members of the Agronomy Department who have had charge of the fields and the recording of results. CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 41 GENERAL PLAN OF WORK ON THE FIELDS 42 Size and Arrangement of Fields 42 Two Systems of Farming Provided 42 Crop Rotations Practiced 42 The Standard Plan of Soil Treatment 43 Necessity for Changes in Standard Plans 44 New Problems Arising from Experiment Fields Work 45 Explanation of Symbols Used 46 THE INDIVIDUAL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 46 DESCRIPTION OF SOILS : 311 INDEX.. ..324 LOCATION OF SOILS EXPERIMENT FIELDS (Open circles indicate fields discontinued) THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS BY F. C. BAUER, R. S. SMITH, AND L. H. SMITH" INTRODUCTION As a major feature of the investigation of the soils of Illinois, the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station has conducted investigations on more than fifty soil experiment fields distributed over the state on various types of soil. This number is exclusive of the fields on the University campus at Urbana. These soil experiment fields vary in size from about one acre to 40 acres or more, and have been in opera- tion for periods varying from three years to half a century. The Morrow plots, located at Urbana, were established in 1876, altho they were not given official recognition until three years later. The present year (1926) is thus the fiftieth anniversary of their estab- lishment. So far as is known, these are the oldest soil experiment plots in America. The Davenport plots, also located at the University, now have records extending back thirty years. Several of the outlying fields were established in the summer and fall of 1901, and others have been put into operation at various times since, some being only a few years old at the present time. In 1924, thirty-four fields, aside from those at Urbana, were in operation. The others have been abandoned at different times, for various reasons. This bulletin constitutes a report of the work on all these fields, whereby there is placed on record a description of each field, informa- tion with respect to cropping systems followed and fertility treatments applied, and the results obtained expressed in terms of crop yields. For each of the fields in operation in 1924 a soil and topographic map is included which shows the arrangement of the plots, the distri- bution of soil types and, by means of contour lines, the elevation of the land. These maps have been prepared in conformance with recent developments in the science of soil mapping. An inspection of them will reveal more or less diversity in the soil types present on some of the fields a condition which indicates a lack of uniformity for exper- imental purposes. At the time these fields were established these vari- ations were not detected or were regarded as insignificant. Whether all the type separations made on the basis of the present methods of soil mapping have any practical significance or not can be determined only by crop yield correlations and further investigation; many of the J F. C. Bauer, Chief in charge of Soil Experiment Fields; R. S. Smith, Chief in Soil Physics, in charge of Soil Survey mapping; L. H. Smith, Chief in charge of publications of the Soil Survey. Special acknowledgment is accorded Mr. F. W. Gault, who, thru his intimate knowledge of the records of the fields, has rendered invaluable aid in the assembling of the data. 41 42 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, crops results herein recorded will be found useful in making such a study. It seems quite clear, however, that some of these fields have been located on soils lacking sufficient uniformity for satisfactory soil experiments. Some of these fields have been abandoned and others will be abandoned as soon as it is clear that they have served all useful purposes. GENERAL PLAN OF WORK ON THE FIELDS SIZE AND ARRANGEMENTS OF FIELDS The soil experiment fields vary in size from less than an acre up to 40 acres or more. They are laid off in one or more series of plots. Each series is occupied by but one kind of crop in any one season. Usually there are sufficient series so that a crop rotation can be carried on with every crop represented each year. The individual plots, which are usually % or % acre in area, are treated in various ways in order to secure information as to the effect of various systems of soil management. Two SYSTEMS OF FARMING PROVIDED On many of the fields, the treatment provides for two distinct systems of "farming, namely, livestock farming and grain farming. In the livestock system, stable manure is used to furnish organic matter and nitrogen. The amount applied to a plot is based upon the amount that can be produced from the crops raised on that plot. In the grain system no animal manures are used. The organic matter and nitrogen are applied in the form of plant manures, such as cornstalks; straw from wheat, oats, and clover; the second crop of clover; and leguminous green manure crops grown for the purpose. In the main, it has been the purpose in this plan to remove from the land only the grain and seed produced, except in the case of alfalfa and sometimes the first crop or both the first and second crops of clover, which are harvested for hay and considered as a cash crop. Originally, all legume crops with the exception of alfalfa were har- vested for seed. During recent years this practice has not been adhered to because of the great uncertainty of seed production with the common biennial clovers. CROP ROTATIONS PRACTICED The crops grown on the experiment fields are always arranged in a definite rotation. On some fields two or more rotations are practiced. The crops grown are those common to the respective localities and include corn, oats, wheat, barley, rye, red clover, mammoth clover, alsike, sweet clover, alfalfa, cowpeas, soybeans, vetch, hubam clover, timothy, potatoes, and cotton. , 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 43 On many of the fields a standard four-year rotatioa has been prac- ticed. It was patterned after the Norfolk rotation widely practiced in Europe in which a cultivated crop is followed by a spring grain, the spring grain by a legume, and the legume by a winter grain. Such a rotation permits the seeding of a legume in the winter grains for use as a green manure for the cultivated crop. The rotation commonly practiced on the Illinois experiment fields has been corn, oats, clover, and wheat with a seeding of sweet clover on the plots representing the grain system of farming. The sweet clover is plowed down as a green manure for corn the following year. If the regular crop of clover, usually red or alsike clover, fails, soybeans are substituted. On some fields this rotation is accompanied by alfalfa, which is grown on a fifth series during one complete rotation of the other crops, after which it is shifted to another series. THE STANDARD PLAN OF SOIL TREATMENT For the most part, a rather uniform scheme of soil treatment has been followed on the different fields. In both the livestock and grain systems, untreated plots have been retained to serve as checks for the soil treatments applied. Certain plots in each system have received either animal manure or plant manure; another plot has received pul- verized limestone in addition to the manures; another plot as a further addition has received rock phosphate, and still another plot, in the grain system only, has received potash salts in addition to the above materials. A third untreated plot has been maintained, thus making a total of ten plots in each series. In general, the manner of applying and the amounts of the materials applied have been as follows: Animal Manures. Animal manure, consisting of excreta from animals with stable litter, has been applied to the respective plots for corn in amounts equal to the total weight of the crops produced in the previous rotation. Plant Manures. Crop residues produced upon the land, consisting of stalks, straw, and chaff, have been returned to the respective plots at convenient times during the rotation. In addition to these materials sweet clover has been seeded in the wheat and plowed under the fol- lowing spring for corn. (On plots where limestone is lacking, sweet clover seldom survives.) These practices are designated as the residue system. Limestone. Limestone has been applied usually at the rate of 4 tons an acre as an initial application, and 2 tons an acre each four years thereafter, usually to the surface soil in the preparation of the seedbed for wheat. Phosphate. Rock phosphate has been applied usually at the rate of 1 ton an acre to the clover sod previous to plowing for wheat. 44 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, Potash Salts. Kainit at the rate of 800 pounds an acre once dur- ing the rotation in connection with the phosphate has been the stan- dard application of potassium. During the World War potash salts from Nebraska, in amounts carrying the same quantity of potassium, were used. On some fields, minor series and extra plots have permitted devi- ations from these more or less standard plans. These deviations will be described in connection with the crop data from the individual fields. NECESSITY FOR CHANGES IN STANDARD PLANS Experience with this more or less uniform system of cropping and soil treatment has revealed that it cannot be universally used with satisfactory response. Its practice for several rotations on some fields appeared to develop conditions which had a depressing effect upon crop yields. In some instances the small grain lodged frequently. Because of the more or less complex interrelationships of the various factors concerned, the exact cause or causes for these behaviors were not clearly understood. In some cases the amount of nitrogeneous organic matter incorporated into the soil may have become excessive and thus brought about the unfavorable conditions for the rotation practices. In some cases the difficulty may have been due to the continued use of straw residues. In other cases it may have been due to applications of mineral fertilizers in improper proportions or amounts. Whatever the reason or reasons may have been, it became clear during the past few years that some deviations from the standard practices should be instituted. Some such changes have been made, among which may be mentioned the following: Rotations. The rotation on some of the more naturally produc- tive fields has been changed to include two crops of corn instead of one. The rotation on these fields as now practiced is corn, corn, oats, and wheat. Hubam clover is seeded in the oats on all plots and will be utilized as a hay crop preceding the seeding of wheat. The use of biennial sweet clover is continued as in the past. Residues. The return of oats and wheat straw has been omitted on most of the fields. In a few instances oats straw is still returned. Limestone. Regular limestone applications have been temporar- ily abandoned on all fields. Future applications will be made only when there appears to be a need for more as indicated by tests and by crop response. Rock Phosphate. Plans have been made to stop entirely the applications of rock phosphate on all plots as soon as the total appli- cation on them has reached 4 tons an acre. This point has already been reached on many of the fields. Other changes are needed and these will be made as soon as more definite information is obtained as to what should be done. THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 45 From the above brief discussion it appears that the practice of uniform cropping and soil treatment methods for long periods may develop unfavorable as well as favorable conditions for the production of crops. This is undoubtedly true because of the dynamic, ever- changing character of soils. Being made up of complex organic and inorganic materials in various proportions and teeming with life in the form of microorganisms, soils will vary in their requirements and in their response to a given set of management standards. For these reasons soil management practices should vary in such a manner as to maintain the proper physical, chemical, and biological balances in soils suitable for profitable and permanent crop production on the type concerned. When certain practices are unvaried for long periods, a considerable time may be required to effect improvement after they are changed. For this reason new investigations should be established from time to time based on the experiences of the old in order to de- termine the relationships of the various practices and to serve as a guide in practical soil management. As a result of the work thus far conducted by the Experiment Station on its soil experiment fields, new problems have. arisen calling for information on many points, among which the following are the more important: 1. The rotations best adapted to the region and to the- system of farming being practiced. 2. The comparative value of various legumes in the rotation. 3. Methods of utilizing legumes for economic soil improvement. 4. The power of various crops to utilize insoluble plant-nutrient- bearing minerals, either native to the soil or applied to it. 5. The effect of non-legume residues, such as cornstalks and straws, on the soil and on the growing crop. 6. The amounts, physical condition, frequency of application, and form of lime necessary to produce economic results. 7. The effect on the soil and on the crops of excessive applications of limestone. 8. The influence of soil type, crop rotation, and limestone, as well as the frequency, rates, and manner of applying rock phosphate, on the effectiveness of rock phosphate. 9. The comparative value of various phosphate carriers under different conditions of soil and soil management. 10. A more thoro study of potash fertilizers under various condi- tions of soil and soil management. 46 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS USED The following symbols are used to designate the various soil treatments : = Untreated land or check plots M = Manure (animal) R = Residues (from crops, and includes legumes used as green manure) L = Limestone K = Potassium (usually in form of kainit) N = Nitrogen (usually in the form contained in dried blood) Le = Legumes used as green manure Cv = Cover crop (legume or non-legume) P = Phosphorus applied either as bone meal or as rock phosphate aP = Acid phosphate bP = Steamed bone meal sP = Slag phosphate rP = Rock phosphate ( ) = Parentheses inclosing figures signify tons of hay as distinguished from bushels of seed. The single vertical line in the tables indicates the beginning of full soil treatment. The double vertical lines indicate a radical change in either the cropping system or the fertilization. THE INDIVIDUAL EXPERIMENT FIELDS The individual experiment fields are presented in alphabetic order on the following pages. With the foregoing general explanation the reader should be able to obtain from the descriptions, maps, and tables the essential information connected with these field investigations. For the sake of brevity, considerable information concerning details that might ordinarily appear in the descriptive text is carried in the table footnotes. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 47 ALEDO FIELD, MERCER COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1910 Location. One-half mile west of the railway station at Aledo. A part of the S.E. % of the S.E. %, Sec. 18, Twp. 14 N., R. 3 W. of the 4th P. M. Description. The field consists of about 20 acres of dark-colored loessial upland soil, which is neutral or slightly acid in reaction. The land is practically uniform both in soil type and in topography. With the exception of a small area on Plot 101, consisting of Black Silty Clay Loam On Clay, poorly drained phase (Loessial Clyde silty clay loam), the field consists entirely of Brown Silt Loam On Clay (Grundy Silt Loam) . The land is thoroly tiled and drains well. The field is divided into eight series, each of which contains 4 or 10 fifth- acre plots. History. This field was purchased by the business men and landowners of Aledo and vicinity, in part thru the efforts of Williams and Vashti College, and donated to the University for experimental purposes. In 1909 the land occupied by Series 100 and 200 grew corn, while that occupied by Series 300 and 400 was in clover sod on which more or less manure had been applied during the winter and spring. No further information is available in regard to the previous treatment which the field had received. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard crop ro- tation and soil treatment described in the introduction were estab- lished on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400. These methods were followed without change until 1918, when it was planned to harvest the first crop of red clover on the residue plots for hay and to plow down the second crop if no seed were formed. In 1921 the return of the oats straw was discontinued. In 1923 the rotation was changed to one of corn, corn, oats, and wheat. In this rotation it was planned to seed hubam clover in the oats on all plots, for use as hay or for soil im- provement, and common sweet clover in the wheat on the residue plots for use as a green manure. Since this change, no residues except corn- stalks and the green manure have been returned to the residue plots. The limestone applications were temporarily abandoned in 1923. No more will be applied until there appears to be a need for them. The phosphate applications were evened up to a total of 4 tons an acre in 1924, and no more will be applied for some time at least. Alfalfa was grown on Series 500, 600, 700, and 800 until 1916. No soil treatments were applied except limestone to Plots 3 and 4. Since 1916 the same crops have been grown on these series as have been grown on the grain plots of Series 200. Coincident with this change various carriers of phosphate have been applied to Plots 2 and 3 of these four series. Bone meal at the rotation rate of 800 pounds an 48 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, acre was applied to Series 500. In a similar manner 1,333 pounds of acid phosphate was applied to Series 600; 2,667 pounds of rock phos- phate to Series 700; and 1,000 pounds of slag phosphate to Series 800. These phosphates have all been applied once during the rotation, preceding the corn. No limestone has been applied to Plots 1 and 2 on these series, thus making it possible to study the value of the phos- phates with and without limestone. The last application of limestone on these series was made in 1918. *Q^ EZ an 301 \ <; N \ J 5E2 " M 20; ~ 3C2 I ; : \ 3 NL 23 Ml 3C3 1 \ HI M 1 J \ 1 i! 1LP M CP 3M N <* ^ i ,05 1 :3: : 3C! I ^ ^ : \ ^J M 1 M * ^ 2 i ' \ 1 ,07 1 \ - 2P H. JC7 RL 4:7 i \ \_ I \ feuP 206 ^ 1 ^ t--P M 5 Ml .P ml i LPK M / ^' s ! * -''" .! 210 I 1 3W * 4H> ! / ! 501 ! / 1 M t i EC ; 502! / M.K v / LPB no r 5 fc: 2 50^1 I pis 603 b_^ -i 7C: ' K; 3 a LR M y Us |M Lf 6CJ 1 LJ ] Black S,ky Clsv Lo.m On Clay, poorly draml phut ! Lo.53^1 ClyJ *Ky day loom I Brown S.It Loam On Clay I - 1 G'urxiy s,lt loam SOIL MAP or ALEDO FIELD THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 49 3S .0 !> . .in in -eot- 2 o S^" 3 . d OOCOCNOO OOOCOCO * a 03 1 "".2 O>t~00'-l SDTjI^HTjl rtt^ o U d t>- 1>- co cNoocoiN tt- TjiiOUJO iCCOCOt- t~1< 2 O CO C tCTfIN'* 005-^00 -J- COt-0000 00"5 6 -HCOOt>. O^CDcO CNOO r^ooooo; t^osr-ro ooco "a O ,e ?l T)O-H - c CON'H'-l O-HtO-* 005 OOOCNM OM'O'-'5 ** ~3 a 8 rtCC_j 23 .-KOiOW lOiCt^O O3t^ mTjioo-^ wt-cct- * I O c O5t^CNO5 COOINC5 CDO ^ iC 1O TJ* 10 10 C >O 1C T}< CDOOCO^ OiCCN-H OiO i 1 V 1 r S3 O5 C t^WO^t< T). CSCO cor-icoo oot-t^t- t-co OUJ*^ IM^^D O 1 d "S Tt"cooc"5 *-O>-H es -i cor~cor- cot^oooo t-co i-HiCCOCO I-II-IT-IOO 0000 o 5 r 26 oiorat^ cq--O2oo ooo 5OOOt~t^ (Dt^t^t^ t^O Jg P cD-o "tt^cooc OOCOOCN 1-1 o s )r (tons) per acre 2 Ssl So "'O 5 INM^fiOS i-i 13 00 00 OO cocccoco COCOM-V -^ro C x>cor-"2 t-ooaooo ost oiwooi co^osco cor~ o g; _x "a o 1 Bushels ( 25 10 -HINiCi-i OlMt^O MOO *OcOCDt>- O O O CD CD O oot^ocN oocomi-i i-ico o O 03 OOOt^ iC-OtNCO tNOO TPOCC1C TjiiCiOiO iCTji Tj-OOCNO ICCOCOIO * dues and ) S3 CNt^t~CN CDOO"O CO"5 OOCDt O C CD CO CO iO 1 Tj>OOiO tNOSOJCO QOS COf*"O ^} "CO O s CI.CJJS1 "^ C- TUTfOCOi CNCDOOt^ 1C 1C CDCC'CiC cOOt>"-c *nO inure or lii q 4 H "0 COCOCCCO CNCNCN'-i C^CO c ^OCM-i COOOOiC t^iO S o S3 O100O 1 - 1 OC'OcD CO"5 TJIWI"* 1 Tf -f * , "c '"a CO-HCO 1 - 1 t^COOOcN 00>- g iCt-COt^ rrt-rt^ NO S 05 -o 5 oxr^"' OM-CDO t<- CD CD CD CO ^ CO CO CO COCO (NOtDOO r*Crfr-< Ifrt 1 Tf-^lNO COCOON OCiC b-Ocor oo d oo oo cof- T> I| i al 8t>-OO OCiCCOCO iCO C rt >CCO CO-*CNO I" -J =3 ^O 2^ 1-2 "S-a = P ! -ll S & "o o a* : : % :|i%%: :sa -iJij ij dSSS d tfd "(NCOT)' iCCDh-00 O5O COCO COOO O : : :::': : : % : :% % : '*n"55 ' - 1 -''- 3 ^ t Or<2^; dCnpHP- PHO -HCSCO'J' iCcCt^OO CIO ?J?JC^O) CN?)?5(M CNCN >No soil trc was there enoug 50 BULLETIN No. 273 T O OOOOCNCO CN O CO T)< OOO "g CNCNOCN OCOOCN OOO 26 CN CO O t~- CN N -H o COCN Tj O O CO CO COO CO CN CN I- OCDOO O t- 8 tT^OCN iTjt O OOCN co oo oo oo t-i>-i>r- i> co O5TJ100O t-OOOCO CNC- 26 gg OOOt-CN CNOOO CMOO J 1 OOOOO 1-HCOOO CNO ^^,^^^^^ > n * m * m * lnn n o D a -H CN CN CN ^f^aS^aS o?i-i ja ,_; _; ,_j ^ ,_j 3*1 M . oc . t ^? ci*iiot~ oo" o CO|*0-H 0-HCNO COt- 00.2 OOOCO^Jl COI'CO'-l COCO d OOOOCO^ OOCNi '!> COOO 25 t- a OO^I> O5 t ^* CO (CO o o ts OOOOO i-HOt-CD OOCN r-ooooo oooooo ot 26 CT--3 CNCNOOCN OCNCNOO CMI> OCNOO CM CM O5 CM COCO SooocJS' oooooo oo? S3 i r-iCOOOO OOCOOOOO CNO CNCNi-ii-H CNCNCNCN CN CN S'co'Sco' ocooo oo CNCOOOO CNCOCNCN TH CO COCOCOCO CN oor-T)i TfococN ooco -itj2 OO5CN1" Tj< i-< ^rt ^H F-( 1-1 CN CN CN 1-1 CNOCOrH CNCOO5CN OOO o c * * CN O CO CO ^ CO i * COOO oooooo t-r-oooo oo 20 CN-HCNCO i-Hi-ii-iO CNO ^ O O O OOOO O ^ 6 COt-OCN OOt-0000 CNO Tf O CO CO CO ^ TJ< T}( O -^ eo a OOCNOC5 COOi-iOO OOO "2 COt-OI> CNCOOOO Ol> 2o S5S5 %$%% S3 B Ot-OCt OOCNOOO 00*^ cococcco co^co^h coco CN "S 001^00 -.^000 COO _,' a CNO^OO ^CNCO^* OOO OJ3 i-iCNi-iCO OO^OO COO OOOO COOTfcO O^ - s t-i-HOCD OOOi-iC<5 CMO M JS COt-Tj-cO t-COOOO OCO 1-tt/J^ ,;_,-,_ ^^^^ rtrt B O "c CO-HCO--" OOCNCN O CN OOOO COCOCOCO OO SI B *00-co || 'o 02 3s oooo oooo o-< oSS2 oPnPnPH OnO i-lCNMTji OCOt-00 OO OOOO OOOO O-H THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 51 W Q. O H S O pq Q i NOOOCO WCStCS NCOOOX5 00 >-< 00 O tO O |>. K5 T)t -H t-c O) O IM OOO5OO5 --! OOOOCOtO P5OOSO . oooooooo oooot^ob oooooooo t^oooooo OO'OOO'i-i' KtO&s'aB' Wo'^fiO" iN'D"M"O5 OOINTlOO Ti.THO ooM'-io o- OOOO OOOO iO>OO *O COCOCDCO 52 BULLETIN No. 273 ALHAMBRA FIELD, MADISON COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1918 Location. About one mile south of Alhambra. The E. % of the S. V 2 of the S.E. %, Sec. 14, Twp. 5 N., R. 6 W. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 40 acres of dark-colored loes- sial soil of medium to strong acidity. Only one soil type has been mapped on the field, namely, Brown-Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay (Putnam silt loam). The land is practically level. The west half of the field is tile- drained, while the east half is drained by surface methods entirely. The drainage is not satisfactory, owing to the impervious nature of , the subsoil. The field is divided into four series of 36 fifth-acre plots each. Each series is further divided into two divisions, one of which contains the plots numbered from 1 to 18 and the other the plots numbered from 21 to 38. A hedge fence on the south line ofi the field probably vitiates to some extent the yields on Plot 38 of each series. History. The Alhambra field was donated to the University for experimental purposes by Mr. Adolph Hitz of Alhambra. Previous to that time the land had been farmed for a number of years under a tenant system. Corn, oats, wheat, and timothy meadow were the chief crops grown. Some clover was seeded also. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The Alhambra field is used pri- marily for crop investigations. A definite rotation has, however, been practiced over the entire field and some plots have received various soil treatments. The rotation established on this field is corn, oats, mammoth clover, and wheat, with a seeding of sweet clover for use as a green manure. No animal manure has been used on this field, all plots being handled as grain-system plots. All plots except those ending in the numbers 9 and have received limestone and rock phosphate in accordance with the plans described in the introduction. Plots ending in the number 9 have received residues only, while those ending in have received rock phosphate in addition to the residues. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 53 SOIL MAP OF ALHAMBF.A FIELD 54 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, i a x QQ 7. O Q a I CINOO t^CJO i I C IN N TC 1/3 00 O 2o I s " 00 CO W t*. CO "5l"00 OJINOS t^t^.0 -*OOOS .9 COO OOOtO CO C OOCO NOCS B DO B CD "< ~^ 1C CO *C n CO 00 tO OS OOOOO OOCOtC ososc os-*h- O) 1-1 O< i-i - o os oc, os COCOCO COCOIN t~ CO 00 CO f -i co i-i IN o 01 a o C "s -S Ss SS2 i '-HOOtO OONtO co>cos t^coco ^J i i-iCSOO CMtOlN CO &i O4 CO O4 O4 1 Ja 1 6 I ~" H ' H -''-"* | i I 9 a 9 s oo ' co o t^ oo Sf. TJ'CO-^ 00100 t^coio *-*-< ^ TCM i CO-<1> a o 1 S? 1 a 8 t^- O t^ OS iO Ci d *T *O CO CO CO t* a r. a) SSS SSJ? 1 rt-HrH rt^rt 7") . ,-(^1 o tOO Tt"-HT< 00 a ew 1 O W-ib- "300CO IMCOCO COCOCO Soybeans' t^ (N CO h- N CO W iO CD O CO CO Wheat CO"5O> b-CO!O 1 "S g 1 c w 1 i a *OOO t~OOi d lOOt^ i-IOl^ 1 CDC001 lO^O 3 t-COO OOCO 2-^ CCCOCO i-H-HO Jb t^t-00 UJiO^ 2 OOr-d-H Oir-IX Z S CO 1 * d re affected by a hec Plot No. Soil treatment MCOOS O-HOO OO O i-ii-i 1-1 co co co co co co ,3,3 : ^^^ ^HOOOl O 00 O C^ C^ CO CO 00 co co co co co co ij si ^j : %^j * OO O> O ^< 30 W C^ M CO CO CO Plot3 338 and 438 a chinch bugs. 56 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, Location. Three miles southeast of Antioch on the farm of Mr. D. M. White. A part of the N.W. % of the S.W. % of the N.E. %, Sec. 22, Twp. 46 N., R. 10 E. of the 3rd P. M. A part of this field which was discontinued in 1911 lay adjacent to the above described land and another portion, also nearby, which was also dis- continued in 1911, was a part of the N.E. % of the S.E. % of the N.W. !/4, Sec. 22, Twp. 46 N., R. 10 E. of the 3rd P. M., on the farm of H. D. Hughes. Description. The field now in operation consists of 1.7 acres of medium-acid, light-colored upland soil developed on highly calcareous drift. The land is uniform from the standpoint of type, there being only one type present, namely, Yellow-Gray Silt Loam On Calcareous Drift (Miami silt loam). The land is slightly rolling. It was tiled in 1920 and drains well. Each of the discontinued parts of this field contained 2.5 acres. The soil on those areas is probably similar to the soil described above. The individual plots on all series were one- tenth acre in size. History. The Antioch field is leased from Mr. D. M. White. The land occupied by Series 100 was first used for experimental pur- poses in 1902 and is still so used. The land occupied by Series 200 and 300 was not used experimentally until 1904. After eight years use these two series were discontinued. Little is known of the previous history of these three series except that the year previous to which experimental work was begun, the land occupied by Series 100 was in corn, while that occupied by Series 200 and 300 was in oats, with clover seeding. Cropping and Soil Treatment. Series 100 was originally planned for a special fertility test. A four-year rotation of corn, corn, oats, and wheat was practiced. Fertilizers were applied at the following annual acre rates: phosphorus in 200 pounds of steamed bone meal, potassium in 100 pounds of potassium sulfate, and nitrogen in 800 pounds of dried blood. The first two applications of phosphorus were made in the form of acidulated bone and the first application of po- tassium in the form of muriate. Slaked lime was applied in 1902 at the rate of 470 pounds an acre. No further applications of lime were made until 1912. In 1912 the rotation was changed to corn, oats, clover, wheat, with mixed clover, including sweet clover, seeded on the residue plots. The soil treatment remained the same except that crop residues were substituted for commercial nitrogen and an application of 2 tons of limestone an acre was made once during the rotation. This plan was followed without change until 1922, when the application of all fertil- izers except residues was discontinued. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 57 Series 200 and 300 were cropped with a rotation of corn, corn, oats, and clover. Soybeans were seeded in the corn on the residue plots on Series 200, and cowpeas in the corn on Series 300. The manure was applied at the rate of 8 tons an acre to the clover sod. Phosphorus, in the form of rock phosphate, was applied at the rate of 1 ton an acre each rotation. Limestone was applied approximately at the rate of 2 tons an acre each rotation. Yellow- Gray Silt Loam On Calcareous Drift Miami silt loam SOIL MAP OF ANTIOCH FIELD (Map of present plots Series 100) 58 BULLETIN No. 273 [January H a CO w N C05 Tfl^OO 000 O-H co a OoO ONOO ^^hO 00^* 25 ~4 C N i ' N ^f !- ^ i < CO COCO 23 e itu cu-rt IN CO > S OCO NOON ONC~ 00^ r-ir-i r-iCN-i NrtN CNCO ot*- ^"^*^? ^5?5 ^^5 23 2 ^ 05 COCO CONN NN a "S Soil treatme applied 1 Soil treatrru applied ' n! 'CU ^S< : : &; -PU -o^' ^2 o pn ' ^HH -Q T 5 c _-: _-; OO OOO OOO Oi-" ^o 6 OHj HHh4rJ t-HH-hJ HH PH i-iN CO^>O Ot^GO OO OO OOO OOO Oi-l THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 59 ij o a O 00 * O fOMN 5O ^< O cs'^f'-i''; o^^S o i^^ c B ^ 00 O ^* X O CO CO 0500^*00 d "O OCM>OCO OTJ C'lC^CO^O lO^C 1 ^ 1 ^ OOOCN rUrHCDOO cnO3(JCD THcOO^H ~0 3 No mam * OS SQ ^2 1 a _>. "c o 'c T3 Plot No. Soil treatment s j^3 slli H.^jS oooo oooo O^^^^^H 'Phosphate only. 2 Phosphate 60 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, AUBURN FIELD, SANGAMON COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1905 DISCONTINUED 1912 Location. Five miles northwest of Auburn on the farm of Mr. B. F. Workman. A part of the N.W. % of the S.E. %, Sec 1, Twp. 13, R. 7 W. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 9.7 acres of dark-colored upland soil, probably somewhat sour, divided into two series of 15 fifth-acre plots each. At the time it was established the soil was classified as Brown Silt Loam and the field was described as being "generally level" and drained by tile. History. The Auburn field was leased from Mr. B. F. Workman. Previous to 1905 the land had produced crops of corn, oats, and wheat, and occasionally a crop of clover. No treatment had ever been given the land except hulled clover straw that may have been left in the field at various times. In 1904, the entire field was in oats with a clover seeding. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The rotation practiced on this field was corn, corn, oats, clover. Cowpeas were seeded in the corn on the residue plots for use as residues. All the clover grown on Plots 2, 7, and 12, except the seed, was returned to these plots in the form of clippings and hullings. Manure was applied to the manure plots at the rate of 8 tons an acre on the clover sod. Phosphorus was applied in the form of rock phosphate at the rate of 1 ton an acre each rotation. Potassium was applied in the form of potassium sul- fate at the rate of 400 pounds an acre each rotation. THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 61 . *t>cso * -:*: cMcctcsoosq I OCOOOCOt- t-"-iaotx> lOOS'-HCOco t^cococot^co SrS -i e co co co ^ o? co ^J* co ^ CM co co co co CM OCMiCO OO--1O5O (N O O M" >- CO i 00 os o COCCOO !-" t~ SO O 00 rf (N CO >O * ^H 1 COOCOCO CO <0 OS tDtOO"500-i -o ofe g 5 CM CM i O CM IN OS 00 O "5 B >OOOOOCcDCO cDCOCDCDCD CCt^-COt*-COCC O e MWCMC^ c^coccroco oiwcocccoc^ CC^COCi "^OSCOGOcO CC'~ o .2 "a c CO i ( Ci -* C^OOCDCOO ^t i CO C5(N 00 Plot No. Soil treatment ap O^H^PH Ot^^H^^H Ofc^C^^^O ^HC^W^ *ocor^-oco5 O'^c-ico^ 41 ^ : i :g ::%%; |g%|s 62 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, BLOOMINGTON FIELD, McLEAN COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 Location. About 2~y 2 miles northeast of Bloomington on the S. Noble King farm. A part of the N.E. % of the N.W. % of the S.W. y 4 , Sec 25, Twp. 24 N., R. 2 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 4.4 acres of dark-colored loessial, upland soil of slight acidity. Three soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Brown Silt Loam On Clay (Grundy silt loam) ; (2) Brown Silt Loam (Muscatine silt loam) ; and (3) Black Clay Loam, poorly drained phase (Loessial Clyde clay loam). The land is slightly rolling and drains well without tile. The field is plotted in one series of 10 fifth-acre plots. History. The Bloomington field was originally leased from S. Noble King. The lease has been continued under the terms of his will. The land had been well cared for previous to its use for experi- mental purposes, being a large part of the time in grass and clover. In 1901 it was in oats. Cropping and Soil Treatment. This field was originally planned for what was called a complete fertility test. The rotation was corn, corn, oats, wheat, and clover. In 1909 this was changed to corn, corn, oats, clover, wheat, with a clover seeding, including sweet clover, on the residue plots for use as a green manure. Until 1905 nitrogen was applied to the residue plots in 800 pounds of dried blood an acre each year. Thereafter only the grain and clover seed were removed from these plots and all the residues produced were substituted for the dried blood. Steamed bone meal applied at the annual acre rate of 200 pounds supplied the phosphorus; potassium was supplied by' potassium sulfate used at the rate of 100 pounds an acre a year. No phosphate or potash has been applied since 1917. Slaked lime at the rate of 320 pounds an acre was applied in 1902 and no further applica- tions were made until 1914, when 2% tons of limestone were applied. A similar amount was applied in 1919 and no applications have been made since. In 1922 application of all residues except cornstalks and the green manure crops was discontinued. In 1924 an additional plot was added to the east end of the series, and the plots were divided into north and south halves. A more com- prehensive plan of fertilization was instituted for the purpose of studying the comparative value of different carriers of phosphorus. 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 63 Brown Silt Loam On Clay Grundy silt loam %'vX JJIacK (Jay Loam, poorly drained phase Loessial Clyde cfay loam _-_->: Brown Silt Loam Muscatine silt loam E Scale 20 40 so 160 Fet Contour interval - 1 foot SOIL MAP OFBLOOMINGTON FIELD 64 BULLETIN No. 273 o -r EH o i PQ 1 Ot^* O'H >O O 00 N N CO CO N * CO 26 ON WNW -*W.-l Tft~ Ttico ^occo ia<--ICO WN ~G co" 05 T-H co 26 CO oi -( OOO OO1CO OO3t^* ii ( CO(N CCCOCO OCNCO OO OS .1 O*O i i 00 CO OOCCS CO Oi 2o CO G "3 CO CO t^ CO OOCOt~ O l*- OJCO OO-* COO500 Ci-^ OS ^2 GO XCO OOOOC. COO-H ^X 26 COO G3COCO t^OO^ OCO COCO lOt-O t>->Ot- OCt^ 2o Ol O O*O*O d Tf CO ^ ^ M Tf CO Tf CO CO CO CO *O ^ 6 g V Ot^ iCi-H^ COOO ^ < ? ^ s CO~CMCM ^.OO^CO ~b- j? t^CMOUS ^OS^*^ "5 00 23 g tcMcoeo i-ccsiSS n i 03 o 1 COCMI--''; ^Hiococo ")O CMOS-HO 00^ itolCOCO i-l CMCO CO 8 9 3.8J CMCMCMCO CMCMCOCO CO CM COMCOCM TjO CM-H a O e COO5CMOO Ot-t-O3 i-lOO 25 COCOCO>3 COCO"5"S tCO ^* i < O CM ^COCOOS OOOO 3 13 i-.CO WrfODCO TjiTfioCCM COCO ^ OS O 00 rt< CO 00 O 1^-00 i-< -< CO iN it f-l CM CO CM it S-a t^O^OS OOt^CMt^ 10^ OOCOTji CM - 1 *OTt*OSCO OCMOOOO COCO it CO O 00 OS OS O CO CC^S s ""IB " 3 . cc co v. t^ us ^ eg "SCMCOCM ititCMN CO"3 s CM i-iOOt-CM WCMOSW W-H O 1 a. | 25 OSCOOSC-I OOSCDt- OOOS -ICM1NCO IMi-l oeor.** cooo 1 COCO^OO rt^cOCO t-N 26 COCNOCM OOt->OOS COO 1 --COcOt- NOOOO CNOO (MCMCMCM CMCSCMCO COCM S c; o3 i * CO ^ OS i < ^J< 00 CO COOO r USC^^O IO* ^ 5 | COOSOCM OBOC-OCO O5CO o S 00. i |1 ure or re ^ o j^s's -y^ 1 : :jj : i j% | OrZrZfS ortfnfn PH O tCMCO^" OCOt00 OSO OOOO OOOO O 'No man 68 BULLETIN No. 273 ! t o ^ * 0>US ~USOOI- ON isi's S9 ^ cowc^ro oC'ti^t^- cc ^ _o *~IN^CO NNCCCO ^Jtf R4.a CO CO CO ^"* ro ooo fft ocTf^ 1 roccNN ecus g C-.J: b-t-ON O5KN'*' CROC IB * -HNWU5 ^-_c a =1 NCSOO * '^ccco roi~" i CO-Ot- ^.W^W TC i e 2.2 UST)o o oo oo ro oo So *C CO CO 'O CO *O O o" 15 ^ 5" Cfl O3 oS a -i N (N N N 1-1 T3 r S I IN g OOOI^OOOCO g OONC ( N ( N f, t- 00 I" CO ^ O3 "3 g " 'C o 3 cf Q ^ 1 S 8 5 4) 03 oi t^ C^j * T)< 5 * ; oo . ~ 2 CO ' O5 >S H T3 PH ^i M "> 'S :NVILLE FIELD: ushels or (tons) per aore co w : s> . 2 ^t * uj [NVILLE FIELD: Table 12, were subdi inued as Series 700 ai 3 CN p : * o ^H -* s ~ l P4 Q O w OG ^ 03 fl 1 rt 3" o CO oj i"H -*J O3 00 d. g O "^ ^ o^ B OS pQ > 5 H ^ H C3 J a "5 * 9 .S 1 1 "S "o s '3 02 CO CO CO dec i C * 3 & -c ^ , 1 > 6 ^s o H ^ O O P CN g CN -2 rt o: c3 CO t- oti CD o: oc O S *O ^ CO O) ' CD CO c "s O O CM >C CD W >C IN C5 CO O CO O CO 11 co e CMOOCOOOOCNO C 00 CN ^ O CO O O o c> * M 2{ ^ O I s " X! ^ X CD c O CO CO O 00 O M* CD CO CO "2 s 1 CN I s * t*> CO CO *C CN M | t- O t O CO b- CO ll CO O CD "- 1 O t* O ^H ^-. 1-1 IN OJ 00 "3 CD 00 ll S c; """o. 5, e-S CO "O if} O t- O b- 1: OMCMOOOOCN .2 a !. -^ i " \C i ~ ._ 3 1 :fll ill fc J-8 ll III :_* in t5* sl pi _ 03 ~^<$ s <( aJ 'o 02 ^o^.^.^!Z -^S^^^^-. r* CO rf iiiiifg Islliis fil ^ ^ ^ wOO _OCN>-l ^ O ll| El ! ? i ::'" -r r - OOOOOOO ** X X X X X X X ll 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 71 CARTHAGE FIELD, HANCOCK COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1911 Location. Five blocks south of the courthouse in Carthage. A part of the E. y 2 of the S.W. *4 of the S.W. *4, Sec. 19, Twp. 5 N., R. 6 W. of the 4th P. M. Description. The field consists of 20 acres of dark-colored loes- sial upland soil of medium acidity. Two soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Black Silty Clay Loam On Clay (Grundy silty clay loam) ; and (2) Grayish Brown Silt Loam On Tight Clay (Grundy silt loam, grayish phase). The land is comparatively level, sloping gently toward the south and east. It is thoroly tile-drained and drains well. The field is divided into four series which contain 10 fifth-acre plots each and three series which contain 8 tenth-acre plots each. History. The Carthage field was purchased by the business men and landowners of Carthage and vicinity, and donated to the Univer- sity for experimental purposes. Previous to 1911 this field had been cropped continuously for a long time and was in very poor physical condition. In 1910 the field was in oats. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard rotation and soil treatments described in the introduction were established on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400. These methods were followed without change until 1920, when it was planned to harvest the first crop of clover on the grain system of plots as hay and the second as seed, re- turning the chaff to those plots. In 1922 plans were made to harvest all clover as hay, and to discontinue the application of oat and wheat straws. No limestone has been applied since 1922. In 1924 the phos- phate applications were evened up to 4 tons an acre on all series, and no further applications will be made for an indefinite time. In 1912 limestone was applied at the rate of 4 tons an acre to the land now occupied by Series 500, 600, and 700. Alfalfa was grown on this land until 1920, when it was plotted for the purpose of studying the comparative value of different amounts of rock phosphate, alone and with corresponding amounts of gypsum. The rotation practiced on these series has been corn, corn, and oats with sweet clover seeding for use as a green manure crop for the first crop of corn. Rock phos- phate and gypsum are applied once during the rotation and are plowed under in connection with the sweet clover. On Plots 2 and 3 the rock phosphate is applied at the rotation rate of 300 pounds an acre, on Plots 4 and 5 at 600 pounds, and on Plots 6 and 7 at 1,200 pounds. The gypsum is applied on Plots 3, 5, and 7 in corresponding amounts. No limestone has been applied to these series since the initial appli- cation in 1912. 72 BULLETIN No. 273 ' Si Black Silty Clay Loam On Clay D Gray.sh Brown S.It Loa-n On Tight Clay (jrundy silt loam, grayish phase SOIL MAP OF CAHTHAQE FIELD THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 73 a M | X Q H i * E 5 S I Q TS ~^N t-COt-0> ~h- d C3>-ICOCO OOCOO3 COO 2o eo c COOOCMCM cCrH,-H,-i OOCO o 1 OOCMCOOO COOOOOt- 5><5 S3 CM g t~ -< CO * lO O 00 CM b- *-< i-lCMCMCO r-llMCOCO COCM OOCOOOOO CMOOb-00 00-* o5* OCMcOt- OOCMCOOO OOO g 00 00 O5 >O -^050000 -H ^H CM > 2coSJn coS5^ n^ 5 HCMOOM O>OOOCO CMCO '"'O ^^^^ rn'^CMoi JM-H o CMCO^$ raco"^ Scj COCCO-H CM05TJ.OO c Oi CO CO CM t^ t^ CO CO O O) ~ eocoTi.-* cocMTt.^. ^.eo o u CO O 00 " * COCOf^-O5 CMOO O^OOOOOO OO-H 1 ^ 1 ^ U3^ 23 00 a* ~ i-ccOcOO OOCM'--l CMCMCMCO CMCOCOCO COCO i ^"S oocscxo o^ot^ co^. 1 ^ tf3 CM CO CN CM CO Q 0000 rH CM C CO ^ -^ CO O OOO 00 C5 . 0000 i--HWN & N'PSec S'Sc'iS' f^S W^it-r- > "-li-ilNIN 1-C.-CCOCO co^-i INi-i^OO OCOt^lN it~OOO CC-*O500 O5 i-HOO m COO ^iU5!DiO ^"CC"5>O OCO "-IO5COOS lOMtTl< C^"5 So -I C t^uii-O W^'O'O "I^f C5WSOO Tjl'liiOO CIO o o 1 QO-O^i I^MiOSOO ININ 5t>.t-. U5OJ--t-. 00 ooooiooo eowoeo oooo sa o m ^gSfe S5S3 fe (owwi-i jii^oO'-< OCOO"5 5t^ F*JJ5 2-S roooffico coo-ft-. OON c *T*00>O ROCOCO O5CO So 5 S t^005"5 OWO5O5 COIN wwcow coTjiTttt> u;c5 rHIOlMTj" ^NOSOO >HO o "S INOOINCO T!f!OCOt~ ^t~IN rHO S So NeotD'H t <^i(^ 50^ ja OOOSOOt^ tOOO 'O J'CO 2~i MiOt>O "5MOOO OW > 1 CO^OOcJ 00t00t~- Q^ NOC'-lt^ Or-IO"- 1 "5^ s s^a rHrtlN i-H O'O'n'O OiOO COCOTtHTjt COCOiOCO >OM >flCCt^ -*TJNCSI COCO e s, >: so 5 OOiOt^t^ t^COCO TCO5 i-lrHi-li-l i-KNINN (N--I o o Tt-oOTf tcmt-t>. oc^ c* &**& wco-^oo >nC5T}l -HCOT^CO COM IN(N(NIN IN I M IN INM 1 IN~ *OOOeO t-WOO5 ^-IU5 >. c CDO5CDTJI fflOtO'O COC c 0>ja ~i rt >, tMCOX5 5^O t- ororow oooo5w t-c-i C cS co_ Oto:o ffiijHco (Ch- t^OOiO OOXCOCO O nure or 1 2*1 1 rt2 a rt 22^2 22 6 (NCTjti-O CSO-. COP O e y, n a! ;3 IS __ 03 reatmen 'S 02 "S S :% : : dn' AH : :^j j o'SSS dtftf tfo ^fNM'* >OCO^OO O5 O csoo o e c o C"H : : :% ; : j&j oj dSSS dtftf o HMCO-* IC(D^OO OJp COCO CCCC Oi 'No soil t 926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 75 it 30QC^Or-O5O2lN OS O O 00 (^ t^ OS Ol 3 iSrl" 3 ^C.Sx^_~^^_* a toooo^^ooco a NtfJOOOOOOON O) -H JO CO t^ tO -I -H CO 00 CO o Oi"5^O-'5tOi-ir>- "OiOO'OtOcOCOuO o T) *- 00 t^ t- * 00 t^ a O U3T*toO>cO'HN'* OlO*O*QCOtOtOtO xife Ji > 3 coiorlt^t^.ocMO CO IN w (N O CO 04 * s| 26 O-*^'Oo-< o CD * r- K5 O IN 00 (N CDlNO>cOi-li-lO l '5 8 t^ to _ J2 t j2 > 3 co'oo'o'S'o'x'SoSo OlOW-iOOOSOS I o Sec <-H to oo * "5 1~ UJ if} rf CO Tl< -a< * s W o sy 2c3 00 -H (N T? cq * M t~f-t-b-t-- QQ 2 00 CO 00 i* CO t~ * FH o CO IM 00 Q * CO I-- Q >O"5'O'5'4!D>O GO g o CO O CO CO O * CO * 3 FIELD: or (tons) per a S-S 00 00 * b- OOb- COt s >COCOc&t0U3 l '3 COC^^Dt^'-'COiOOO U IO i ( H SI i-i-HOO~*OOOCOt- COOT}((O^COCO O OOOOCCCOINXOOO COCOSO!D"5t- 6 K5 -H ^ O 00 O N 00 Tjt CO !O CO TJI ^ TJI CO CO Soil treatment applied Gypsum (100) Gypsum (200) Gypsum (400) Gypsum (100) Gypsum (200) ) Gypsum (400) Gypsum (100) Gypsum (200) Gypsum (400) O OC OQO OOOOOO -H rH 01 M * ^1 S88SS8 '-'INIM^,'!) 1 8oop2p o o o o o PL. &H fin &< &H St, (LcPHpHai'&HCL, h4J ^ ^ ^hJ ^^ --'_ "o o E* P^SSrtPnKP-PH "-UNCOTfi^Ob-OO imoSirsSioSS 535S ^c^cOTj"nt~oo OOOOOOoO COsDOCOCO^OO 'HINCO^f^'O^OO oooooooo 76 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, CLAYTON FIELD, ADAMS COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1911 Location. About one-quarter mile south of Clayton. A part of the W. end of the N. i/ 2 of the S.W. *4, Sec. 35, Twp. 1 N., R. 5 W. of the 4th P. M. Description. The field consists of 20 acres of dark-colored loes- sial upland soil of medium acidity. Four soil types have been mapped on this field: (1) Light Brown Silt Loam On Clay (Grundy silt loam, light phase) ; (2) Brown-Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay (Putnam silt loam; (3) Brown Silt Loam On Clay (Grundy silt loam); and (4) Light Brown Silt Loam On Clay, poorly drained phase (Loessial Clyde silt loam, light phase) . The land is gently rolling, sloping toward the west, except in the northwest corner, where there is a tendency toward erosion on sharply sloping land extending in part across Series 100. Beginning in 1925 the plots on Series 100 will be reduced to one-tenth acre in order to eliminate this difficulty and also to avoid the first two soil types mentioned above. This change will improve the uniformity of both the soil type and the topography of that part of the field under investigation. The land is tiled and it drains well. The field is divided into four series of 14 fifth-acre plots each. History. The Clayton field was purchased by the citizens of Clayton and vicinity and donated to the University for experimental purposes. Little is known of the previous history of this field except that corn grew on it in 1910. Cropping and Treatment. The somewhat standard rotation and soil treatments described in the introduction were established on the first ten plots of each of the four series. These methods were followed without change until 1920, when it was planned to remove from the plots in the grain system one crop of clover as hay, and to hull the second crop, returning the chaff to those plots. In 1921 the re- turn of the oats straw was discontinued and plans were made to har- vest all clover as hay. In 1922 the use of both limestone and wheat straw was discontinued. In 1923 the phosphate applications were evened up to 4 tons an acre, and no further applications will be made for an indefinite time. The land occupied by Plots A, B, C, D on the four series was originally left unplotted. It grew alfalfa until 1921, when it was plotted in with the four main series. Aside from an initial application in 1912 of 4 tons of limestone an acre to Plot C, the east half of Plot B, and the west quarter of Plot D, no further treatment has been given these plots. THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 77 A 300-1 5CK iM-D 301 302 < 303 304 305 304 307 3U 3C9 310 t^-j J-/1 1 i | 1 1 I 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 ';: / ^ Jf / ;/:> 4-i \ Ml \ / / ^ N ! / J t L M M(^ ML? R RL RL/' ?LP> r Lig^t Brown S.It Loam On Clay Grundy silt loam, light phase Brown- Gray Silt Loam On Tioht Clay Putnam silt loam Brown Sit Loam On Clay , Grundy silt loam Light Brswn Silt Loam On Clay, poorly drained pha Loessial Clyde silt loam, light phase SOIL MAP OF CLAVTON FitLD 78 BULLETIN No. 273 [January I t CO 3! " OO^CSM. ^.^00O ^^.oo^. IflT*. COg 8885 8 * SS r-os o O r"cooo oocoojt~ lOUjiOcD CNOCOCO "00 CO IN OOO 26 " t>. IO * i o .... oocococo S'oooo?' O'HI'C cj COOS 2-2 ' ' ' CNINCOCO (NCDOOO r-N (N h- COCOOOt* s* 23 Sfi . 2S,?3 OO--00 (NNCOCO 1O 1C o O 03 .... INCSU5CJ 10 CO CO CD rHININCM CM 00 26 : : : : S^RS S^SS S^ 1 : : : : m^^?5 i-ii-ico * 21 2^ .... OXCO-* CMOOOOO OSO i,S : : : : &5Si (Nb-COCC 1 "J N -'^ v -"- x CROSCOiN llj '.'.'.'. d^- L 2222 03 O lOiOi-HCO rf-i IN CO * OOO OCCO : : -J>-3 ococ So 2 0 1 Soo2 5wo'S w^w-g CO"O gl t~ U5 1/5 CT> i-< O - O CMO4CN'-' i-iCMWW - -- / r ,-ii-KNN (NO W *-< w^ CO Oi CO CO !! Sja '"O _ C* - <-H IH -H e Ol O WWWW S5> *C CD GO CO COcCOt- U3TtCOC<* -- C3S05 a i-iOOOcO CNCC^O ^ OCO 25 ^ a " SS " " " CN*^^- WO> O Is INOO'* t>.OOWg5 OOCMCM CMW^-* ScN CMW " *l * t ^COWO OI^OO Oi-i OS 00 GO i CONCOOJ W5OO-* t^W 6 : : : : 3S3S mcowoo Si- 25 t- e rJ<00O WOOCD CO CM 6 .... 2cNCNCM OCO-HW INCMMCN WOOOO 00 'OOO CMt-H ^^.,_,^ U 8 ....:I _0 rHCM_ CO CM OS g 1-1 CO .Q GSSS ^"~"~"~ l CM a .... Scococo OQNOO OJ^COOS COCO 500 3 .... o^f W5 Wt-COOO CO-* o .... cot-octo CSO-H^< "-,-% 22 .... ^HJ^JH^JH -ir^cN'-' CO .... O5OCOO i-lWOOO WO 26 . . . . 1C U5 "5 OC (NOCN'O CMW . . WWWW WW - .... 0^NCO ^CN"5 00 OJ .... . O^CRCM w>o 2* .... OO1OOJ 1--ICN-* ooo c g .... CO t-COCCt^ COI^ .... OOOOO COT<0000 ocoo - .... OCNOOO oowww 11 c .... CNN WCN i-lrti-lrl f "** H O .... t-CNOO .... CNWWW OIWMO WWWW W W II : : :% % : : : : : :j% - : : % m is O co--i 1-lrHIN v -"~' ^-"-' ^* dco 00 ^^-" co-SS 00 rHCM COO 1-1 OOO CO IN CO CO CO CO OOO TfCO 0000 CO IN tO t^OOCO CO IN IN 00 i-l CO IN-ftO IN O CON "500 COIN foor^ co co co t-t^.00 >o 1-HTJI os to to OS OS 00 MINCO OCOOrt 1OOOS coco toco IN CO r- COIN 00 OS OOO 00 CO 00 COCO 00-* oo too -H.-CN OOO) IN O * H OOO CMCOiO (NININ -H COOS Ni-H OS CO toco OS-* ost^ t^OS CO-* Bushels or (tons) per acr i C Jj coco tOt' to :: tO CM to CO co>o w coo COi-< >OtOOO >ooo coos 1 ~"~"~ l ocoo CNr-ilN oco oo rH r-i OS 00 NOCO TjH CO SSS COTJM OS 1OO S3 |l CO 00 tj _ii OOlNiO coos "O-H COOi-c N t-eo Tj.TJ.10 CO-* I-HOCO INOt^ >o>o 35 CO-l OS OSO oooo oo -Ht^ CiCO t^oo o 121 2- ~^'~' 00 OSO OOiNTtc G-SJ (NKI ei ** OSO OS -HO IN i-l CMO 'OOO IN i-i IN coo>o t-"O Tf CO (Ni-H >oco Tj<00 (MOO IN 00 l~~ IN CO 00 IN * CC'O ^^COiOCO C O5(NtOUS COXOUSi-c S US^CMOOi COCOCOi-icO Ci C g Tfi - -^ - <^' ^ co e USCOX-^X XCOi-it~. -CN r- ~ i-li-ltN (NCNCOUScO O OS 4f-t^t*. C -H) * -t^ CMcOCOXCO CMC^Clb-cO "* X / S^- . ^x^^ i d COX-ni.OC C I^iOXOiOi O-*iOt~t 8 COXlM03> t^COcOCON ^ U5rtCOCcO COOOOsP S o l>C-C3>XO S O 1 U5O5XCO XCOXNCO t^-cNionco co *- 1-1 T)I w OO -*U5^.U3-* -*10COX o O tcOCOh-O XCCO-^O CNlNTticO^S COiOOOUj rt 1-1 rt rt N IM r-l oS O5 i ( CO < O CO O5 OC CO CD a XCCCN-HN. qe^cous ii SiSiS Sgc52 26 -< I-H (N M CO COCOOTtl5j C4CN1NCS CSU5-H e QO ^ CO iO ^ O 23 w a OOOOCO COt-CO Ot-O OOS-* o c - JSS o I O O 1-1 CN (M -^ ^O iC ^ i~ ! ~ '^: 00 CO i OS CN t*- CO COt^cO t-COt- OS CO iO "^ OS 00 d a C) CN CO CO to CN cocom coino O e COCOCO COCOCO "5 00 t- CO o S *Hi-tH W^,M g-S m m CN oo -* I-H 3 V igg IP Tt o -^ in in in ic o i-it-O COtOOO a O50CCO b-OiO IN(N(N (NCNCO Oi i"H - OS Ol Sj 0: C Oi OS O CO CO CO Tjitf m sococo ri oOi-iso o 5 (NCOCN i-H^^i O i C >. o! OS !N CO 00 00 O OS CN OS CO 00 '* o F ^OC- CC 00 CO GO a in cc to in co co I^OSi-t OCNOS CNCOO t-CNOS comco inin^! co in co co o 10 O O Oi (M i-H ^H C?W 23 r- - OO OSCSCN o a CN O OS CO ^ CN e CO OS O CO CN 00 1C CO CO CO W ^-t os O "'o 25 ooo ^_,^,^, o b t-coco I-IOSCN g g ^JTc? O g -HCO-* COOO o d cooo aooos COt^Ol NOO-^ 2 S OOCOCN OSCC * CD CO CO CO CO O OOt-CO Tf COCO odd ^j.^. O o co-^co icot- CO OSOOOO o t- in oo oo 3 d 5C OS5^. cococo cococo o ggco JnSS O CN CN CO 1-HrH o b 23 2! OSOOOO OOCOOS OOO CO * ^1 3 c in in co co co co COCN-* Or-OO o a cocst- CNCOCO o CO CO i-l CJCO co' CNCOCO t-^n,. OS_O oco -<,^, 3 OOi^OO CO^OO incoco cocom a SiS 8S5S c CO CO CO OS i ^H i OOO COCNOO CO CO CO t- COt* OOOOiC iCOiCS d b o O a E OS 1C OS OS f-H CO COCOO OiCrM O OS t- 00 IO CO a 1 1 23 2 cococo coco OOCNO OOOCO a ooopo osoooo CN CN CO CN CN CN COCO-* ^JITJIO U GO COOSCO OSCOt- , co-* t- >OCOT)< in in -* co t- 1* a 1 2n f COCO CNCOi-* f COCO CN'CCO o CO^iC TjiTfCO O o JH 0. 1 "S j! : ; ; ; ; ; is on an J2 o (jj% : :%'%' OOO 1-1-Hl-H CNCNCN (NNtM OOO 1-1 it ^H ^ sll "o 2 86 BULLETIN No. 273 [January,. H H > s o Q a I IgS * CN--lt~ xc OC-C. iCCNOO C -<*00 U3*0 n 050 cMajt^ CM" -HC* CCXC5 oj W _c, "S 1C X^ CO CO C5 a O OCO OO c COXO ICOO XXX Xt~b- CNCNiC "CcO"- 1 26 CM Ol-HO * -H1C 1 OOO ^ _ - CO * CO CO * CO OOO iCOO c 'r. CNtt O "5 u u CN O5 CO * r* X 26 *-< ' 2 CNCOCO XO5-H COO f CM* d CO CN CN IN IN CO cococo cococo o> * m 5 ~ 1*1 !!! o c " rH li-l CNCNCN X X O ** ^ X to * oo ... i i CN *"H *~< ' >* WOO "50000 o | ooo o to *" O g CNOJCN CNCNCN JS a * -H K5 O5 CN COCOCN CNCOCO 2" 1 1 i oo COCOCN CNCOCO (>.IC* iXt- o 5 "S co*co ooo c C B oco ^t~t C 1C * 1C iC o a OOX CNCOCO XX XXX 20 t^iC-H T-IOOCN XOCN COOO i OSOt- O5C5 W i-HNi ii- iCN CCOOO O5CN G CNCN IN ^," -IO CO *>O* CNCOCO Oi CN C5 OS *C 00 c o OOO j-^CNCN O O * U5 CM >C B CMXO CNO5h- cococo *co* CNCN^ CO 6 0000 tt~ d !!! !!! I c; -H ic co t^ O5 CO-*CN COCOCO B 1 COCO* CMCOCO *i-lt~ OCNCN Ci J3 ~ c ^dd- >>| >CCNC COOO"5 888 iif S t~** 1-lrt 1C 1C i - t - CNX* O5OSX I 1 COCOCN CO*CO cox ooco 2o O CN *~ * b* O "S OJ ooo zl,zi b 888 iii c o o-* x ict^ 2o 2S >C CN 00 t* OJ * CM O3 O3 i-i C Ci CNCOCN COCOCO OCO1 OCO>C S OOO ^.'*'~' o b -HO CO xxt- t-aocG OOO OOCX 26 oo o co ? 1 1 < t^ O c -HTJ< l-HOO! t>- t t- X 00 b- CNOOOO CN"5C S -H CO O X O> 1C COCOCM COCO* o OOO CO CO CO **-! CO*iC 2 G ooo ^,^_,_^ O * O O *C CN it O o ic co x * r~ o 1C t>> 1C ft O t^iOCO OOOO IN O CN 1C t~. >C fl O5 IN * i 5 CMt~CO XOCN 2j CNCOCO CO-** O CN CN CN CN CN CN a o ic c; o ic t>- CM SSc? S3* 1 t-2 0-* 00-10 d O CO t^ t* COO OOO B O5CO1C IO500 o O>CCO COOiiC J= 0001* OSOOJ O CO K 1 05 C! CO 1C CO Oj (B S C Soil treatm applied 3i <> rtrttf SS2 INCN IN rococo CN CNCN CNCN IN co es oco CN CN 01 CO CO CO CO CS OCO CNMCN COCOCO 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 87 DIXON FIELD, LEE COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1910 Location. About two miles west of Dixon on the Lincoln high- way. A part of the E. V 2 of the S.E. ^4, Sec. 26, Twp. 22 N., R. 8 E. of the 4th P. M. Description. The field consists of 21.41 acres of dark-colored loessial soil of medium acidity. Four types of soil have .been mapped on this field: (1) Light Brown Silt Loam (Tama silt loam); (2) Brown Silt Loam (Muscatine silt loam) ; (3) Deep Dark Brown Silt Loam (Bremer silt loam) ; and (4) Brown Silt Loam On Clay (Grundy silt loam). The land is rolling, with rather sharp slopes occurring in the northwest portion of the field. The field is thoroly tile-drained and drains well. It is divided into eight series, four of which contain 10 fifth-acre plots, and four which contain 4 fifth-acre plots, each plot being subdivided into north and south halves. History. The Dixon field was purchased by the citizens of Dixon and vicinity and donated to the University for experimental purposes. In 1909 the land occupied by Series 100 and 200 was in timothy and clover meadow. That occupied by Series 300 and 400 was in corn. There is little information available regarding the previous history of the field. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard crop rotation and soil treatment methods described in the introduction were established on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400. These methods were fol- lowed without change until 1921, when it was planned to remove all clover as hay and to discontinue the return of the oat straw. In 1922 the return of the wheat straw was also discontinued, as well as the application of limestone. In 1923 the phosphate applications were evened up to 4 tons an acre, and no more will be applied for an indefi- nite period. When the field was established Series 500, 600, 700, and 800 were left unplotted and were seeded to alfalfa. In 1912 they were plotted for a potato, alfalfa rotation. It was planned to grow potatoes two years in succession on the same land, while alfalfa was to be grown six years. The initial application of limestone was at the rate of 4 tons an acre. Subsequent applications were at the rate of 4 tons an acre when the land was seeded to alfalfa. Rock phosphate was applied at the annual acre rate of 500 pounds. Manure was applied at the rate of 15 tons an acre for each potato crop. Beginning with 1915 potassium sulfate was applied to the north half of all plots at the rate of 200 pounds an acre for each potato crop. In 1921 the rotation on these series was changed to one of corn, corn, and oats with sweet clover seeding on Plots 2, 3, and 4, with alfalfa on the fourth series for four years. The fertilizers on all series were evened up at this time, and no more will be applied for an indefinite period. 88 BULLETIN No. 273 SOIL MAP OF DIXON FIELD THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 89 O M H S-S CNCNCNCO OCO^TJ. t-CO p COCO^O OOOCNCO CNOO . wg CN^r~<-4 " 5 * 5 COOOCO OCOO5O "-ICO 3 "8 ^cscoco cor-oooo o a o 23 OCOCOCN CNCOOOO M< rH -a a CS 3*1 2-S OOO--I C OOOCNCO COOCCN^ 1-1 * o (3 coooooaj ttt~-ao occo 'Residue hels or (tons) i 25 22 23 CNOO5-" tcoo^-co a> "5CNOO-I 00-9-O5CO Ot^ OO^JiiO!-! O^ CSUJCNOO OOCOCNOO COCN O -<-i(N CNCOeOTji COCN ^-. ^C05^ CO0 S'S a 1 CNCNCNCN CNCNCMCN CM CN E 5 ~"~"^-*-' *-* ' "^ nt. *No se barley groi c 'PI - 1 , & -* CN CO d* IO CO ^ 00 O O OOOO OOOO O"-i :jj^ : ijj^ ,s CNCNCNCN C4CNCNCN CN CN No soil treatme "Wheat winterkilled 90 BULLETIN No. 273 ^ o a H .-^^ as OOMN MCOU5CO .O COOOM CC.OOOS 5J| r co fe M > OCO-HOO tO.O-H .O MCOTj-CO MMCO-* COM CJMCOCO M.M^CO-^ S2i COOO-H OOT)lTj< OOO ~. O 1-1 F! '-H'M'M ~~~*1 M ' 6 M T ...00 OOCOM 0. a cooooco CCOSMO ooco 2cS OSCOOOO COt0000 i-ICO o a CO..OS Tj* M O O COOO O... U5.0000 OOO 26 O oJ USSR S8gg S5 M P i-icO'-iCO CCMOO. 1-1 MMCOCO i-lMMCO COM osococo oooooo t-co o co MTCCOO CO ^^^^, ^^ i < CO 00 OS COOO''CO OO 11] 005 ^**^ 22 s'2 O c ^^^? MCO^CO ^ 2c CO-HOSi-i M>O>OOO CO. t-CSOOOS 000000. t-00 O OCROSO OOO>OTi< "HO OMOOO oooo.oo oo. os 2o 2 g SSEsi 8S8S S MMMM -MMCOCO COM COC5OO OCOO OOO Id CO OOOf-H. M 00 00 p MO COCO.O ^io*Ouj .10 O M,tN CO CO M OOCOM OSCOCOOS" >O. 05 _0 JHCOCOCO M. .OI-KD OOOMM ooo c OOOO-* COOOOOOO MM CO.OO .OOO O. O30000--I i-HOOCOTjl i-iO 23 S8SS 8SSS 33 O 5i SSSS SS co a 26 33 ssss s; Wheat MMCO. OOO. 00 OO COOCt^CO 00-iOCO COO r-li-Hi-lM 1-1MMM Mi-H S | MCOOO t~M"5 SOCO 1? o'co^S? co-*oo coo 1 .C.M .... 0. g MMO-* CO rt OS M rt >> a "500. CSCO ICS IH^I _ 00 CO 00 T}* ..COO OOO .MCDCO .000. 050 C5 .OOCO30 OOO5M. .00 O '. "a OOCOCOCO MMOO MO OS 33 c OCO.^J CDcOOOCS i-i CO 8 mo-*!- 1 MOOOS oco treatme applied o CO 2 cocococo coccroco coco -HCNCO. OCC.OO OO oooo oooo o THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 91 g 5 fc O H H^ Q - a OOf ff OOO NOO p NO ON OON OO 23 co OSCO I-IX5 X5.-I OO5 NC3 O^ "5"5 "5-* NIN ON OOO OOf 6 I OSOO OC-* Ot^ O COCO 5>O OiO O"5 i-iu) OO> U5O> "5OO 26 N "5 N'H O500 TON QD U5O 5"C >O "5O <5 T#r "5O NO NOO ifto O5 OOtN. 0000 COOO 00t~ ON OO O'l' *00 M 2o WOO O"3 t^ * o 005 005 OOCO OO c 3 2 C'o' Sf^ 5?ro' >-i C5M OO> >-"O5 >-iO s "a 3 < s| eg rtt-t N-* N-H (NIN < =3 2 o 5 q 0:3 O5>O "SCO OO ^'f ~?. ooo ooco So 001 s T1CO TjlTt< U5T)t OTh 1 rt -f ^_! ^co coco cjcc [3 < Ts ^CO t~-H OCO OCC tt- NOO * N >-it Cvj^-c IO-* 5O O"5 2 "o '?, 9 I 5 t~J2 *"-* 03 U5 OOO iPO "5X5 T^H to t- o: O tn i-i 3 S; N "i ' H '~' S^ CIS SJS- < S OON OOO OOO "5O ! 3 s * aitf) NO oco ON a gTf "55 OO N5 "2 IN ^"^ *f < '^ < 1 >o t"- ^ i-( O JH X5CO NN lOO MO j 2^1 ^' - O OO t^i NO t~O O5^ t^O OCO TfO5 5 a co- 13 04 9 13 1914 toes 1 Potatoes 1 O N CO i tg O- 9 9 00 N N 00 O t- < ^ t< "?: s < ". N" O CO 00 TO CO O O O O O re or potassium. PH a < *No manu h 11 _ * '5 00 "o o S* : : W : : : jj . PL,O< . . . t-H U h t4 -- -- Wo SS S SS ZcQ ^OJ No potassium. 92 BULLETIN No. 273 IN -2 COIN OOO COOi COCO ot- >ooo ooco 1-ico 23 CO C O CM INO >O CO 3CO oot- oooo oot- oct- -* ao-^t oc-* ooto * M Nco coco coco coco 00 ^fO> cNr^ "S Q Si s'S s'5 ii 15 0000 O3 i * C^O3 tOO OOO "t^ t~^ "500 OCN (NOO t^O O"5 1 *CO O500 OO OO 3 fi OoS 2rt StN NO COCO Ob- >OOO b-CO CJ zz SS S2J Sci "o PH COCO CO"5 ^<^< b-"O 1 00 O t-CO C1ot- ooo < ons an ac 1-1 'o CO US "sJ ~ to .2 ?O CO iO 00 Q CO -* 00 (NOi -^5 00(N OCO TjiiN b-CN "O^ TfCN f-lIO TJH(N TfTC 1 averaj S^ *"^ 00 t 1 O 1-1 CO O5t^ GJ O I s t*- OOO 001 s * *iM COCS CNCO OCN CO>O t-i<5 CO>O ON. i S _0 3 2l CO CO O5 CO 1 CO -V O tn 2 n | S 1 otassium. II '5 CO _o 6 : : : : : : : : : w : Si-j jj ZtO ^CQ ZcC !2CO -"-< >s 112 113 114 { 116 \ 117 X 119 120 N, K ) _ ' / c L \ LD UP LK JW gtfx LtPK m / L IP L\f (.'' LWP LKK ,./ LW m f S J Gra y S, Silt Loam On T^ht Cly Contour interval - 1 tot SOIL MAP OF DuBois FIELD 94 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, i a o a CO CO , i O 0} O eq P Q ri a j PO -u t~b- l-OCO t-ON Nb- t^O OOOOO NOOOO 5O OS O 1-.00 Tji-ntO O->% o to co t- o oi--co coco Ot- N O CO N 00 O 00 CO CON t^NOO OONCO COIN. 41 00 a! OOO OGOOO OOOCO t~O COO CO t* t*- OOOO t t co COO ONN OOO WO Oi - t^ y- "8 00 OOt^-* OCOO OSO OOOO i-lOON tOOCO tOOl i-lOO OOSCO Oii-l'* NCO >t Tile-draii OOOO OOCOh- tOCOO 5OCO CON Ot~-00 COtCOl COO1 rile-drainec COCO O-HtO OOit NO OCO t^t^O OWN tot- 2o ~ X OO 000000 NCOOO tDOl COCO COCO-* CO-*-* Tf CO TJ 3 38 ^ g^S SS > NO t^^N COCOOO OOO N t*- t-- N rH TJ4OO3 OOt- -H-H rtNN NNN NN I-HI-H t iNN NNN NN ., eg COO OON t~NO COCO MO NCOt- NWN ON i CO 2 1OO i-iiOcO NOh- COt^ ""iNi"! CONN CON ^N i-(OiO COCO >-ltO CO-H O100-* ^- -ll-i!-l aa * IN IN toco 00 Oi O ^ O O i-li-HCM CMCMCO CM CM 88 888 CO^JOO OO 88 OOt^CM t-OOO 3o oo ooo i-Hl-l ^-i ( o _ _ __ -, CM CM 00 "5 00 coo O 00 O *O ^H CO O-H O!O C5COCO cot^t^ O5OJ on i t^ O CM CO O IOCS JXN OCMO COO to to oo CO IN CO ooecM COl-H OIN CO--ICM CO"5"5 t* 00 O t 00 CM OCM t-co s~.*~, ^-^ CO CO in COOOC-1 *co i '5 I P ^IN 0000 OOOOO COCOCM aoo oo co ,~ 1! ooo a j 00 CM i _^^__ INi-H O r~* 00 00 CO CO ooo 00>!5 ^U5TI to too Sco co OtO 00 f- -HCO OOO O -*f 00 CM O ^O WOO CM CM CM CM 00 : &,'' So 1 'On ' co -^ O 000 8^.00 00 oo O ^H jj : dn 2w *[Z _~ S 96 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, EDGEWOOD FIELD, EFFINGHAM COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1896 DISCONTINUED 1911 Location. About one mile northwest of Edgewood on the farm of Mr. Samuel Hartley. A part of the S. V 2 of the S.E. % of the S.E. *4, Sec. 30, Twp. 6 N, R. 5 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. Definite information is not available in connection with cer- tain details of this field. It is probable, however, that the field contained about 16 acres of light-colored upland soil of strong acidity. The predominating soil type was probably Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay. The land was considered as being low and wet. A portion of it was tile-drained. One part of the field, known as the West field, contained two series of 7 tenth-acre plots. Another part known as the East field contained one series of 10 tenth-acre plots. Another part known as the North field contained five series of 10 tenth-acre plots each. History. The Edgewood experiment field was leased from Mr. Samuel Bartley. Before it was used for experimental purposes it had been cropped for about forty years with the crops common to that section. There is little definite information in regard to its previous history. That part of the field known as the West field was first laid out in plots in 1896. The plots in this series were irregular in size and without borders. Little treatment was given them. The principal experiments on them appeared to be on the value of green manures, subsoiling, and tile drainage. Some sodium nitrate was used. No definite rota- tion was followed. In 1902 this land was replotted into Series 100 and 200. The East field was plotted and tile-drained in 1902, and the North field was laid out in 1903. Series 500 and 600 were replotted over two older series that had been treated with bone meal, potash, nitrate of soda, and lime, alone and in various combinations. Cropping and Soil Treatment. On Series 100 and 200 a rotation of corn, oats, and legumes was practiced. Manure was applied at the rate of 12 tons an acre for corn. The first application was not made until 1904. Phosphorus in the form of steamed bone meal was applied at the annual rate of 200 pounds an acre, and potassium in the form of potassium sulfate at the annual rate of 100 pounds an acre. Limestone was applied in 1903 at the rate of 10 tons an acre. No further applications of limestone were made. Series 300 was planned for what was called a complete fertility test. The rotation practiced was corn, oats, and clover. Nitrogen was supplied in the form of dried blood at the approximate rate of 700 pounds an acre until 1905, when clover and crop residues were substituted. Phosphorus and potassium were applied as on Series 100 and 200. In 1903, 10 tons of limestone was applied to the south halves and 5 tons of water-slaked lime to the north halves. No further applications of lime were made to this series. The North field was composed of the five series, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900. All series were cropped alike each year and grew corn, oats, and clover in suc- cessive years. The object of the work on these series was to compare results obtained from rock phosphate and steamed bone meal in various amounts with and without limestone. On all series Plots 2, 4, 6, and 8 received bone meal at the rate of 200, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 pounds an acre respectively. In a similar manner Plots 3, 5, 7, and 9 received rock phosphate at the rate of 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 pounds an acre respectively. No additional materials were applied to Series 500 and 900. All plots of Series 600 received air-slaked lime at the rate of 2,000 pounds an acre; all plots of Series 700 in a similar manner received 4,000 pounds; and all plots of Series 800 received 8,000 pounds. All the above applications were made in 1903. No further applications were made to any of these plots. THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 97 Si O O O >* CO CO CO Cl O O CN CN -i CN *-i C CNOO "55cN fcOi/5 "5 "5 ~J 2a OOOCOOOO OOOO II 1 1-1 fe ^.^^ :c "^^ a o a o 6 MNO2c^ -i O O O ^ O5 O S S" OO5 OltOOl COOOO -*CO o O IN tf i-i oO 00 OS ocNoia^coo Oi to -< O I s . Oi u? CO *^ O3 O Tf O b* ^4 I-H CM i-c ^ i-l moved; cowpeas plo r TEST, SERIES o INCN CNCNCO CO^5 5cO o O 00 00 CO 00 "5 OS CO ^* O CO IO i^ O " S ' - S OOO5 OOOOO 30O5O si o! 3t Tile-drained 3! O CO CO IN (N 00 IQ O co -^ iO CO C CO CO ,j, ^< ^ oo CM Tile-drained 00 ^ H O X O C35 O3 iO *& CO ^ IO CO to CO CO rt CO O> to "5 t^ Tf 00 1^ CN 00 O> rst crop of clover was SPECIAL FERTIL (tons) per acre O5 O 2o '" C OOO CNh.i-1 o ot IOTCOO loooeo et 2o fc g CO N --i i-i i i CN "S 3 Tf C35 IN CO i-c OC CO CN CN CN * * CO CN S 9 *S pr") S sa IO ^H i 1 1>- 10 O "O CO 00 CN r-oo ootoo oooooo oooo "* 2 O OS CN CN CO ^ CO O * CM CN CO >O O & > a M o >; sa O5tO r-iOOCO i-HCNiH i-l S| CNOCN-H^Tf o i-c -< -H CN CO CN CN co C3 1*- co 'O r^- o ^i CO CO CO O . Q 2o COO C3SCNOO I-HI 06 COOS - CO ^ CO CO OS rH 13 -H^rtO>^ CN CO CO CO o o S a CN>- CN^ft>- CO'O^< CN-H TUTJI CNCNCN CNi-iCN INCN Soil treatmer applied : : : : : J : "o o. o a ioil treatmen applied ; s : &!S ' : 3 i-i O : : : : : |J w^ J2 0000000 -* ^he plot yields ;re taken on Se O ST-s ei-rt fe-3 "^ ^ 0. 25 'ield 2.17 ton o individual 26 NNN " NN " MON ,-HO* -i ^H W N W W O4 m as a unit; \ ee series. 5 CliCOOOtNt^CCOCOO Soc*ooo5Soo* 11 s 500 harve ots of these 13 S8S88S&88S5 S88aa86a8fe wS*c5Sc5c5roNc5 n |I " T3 C g- ..o.-o~ M ,* 00 _____ cl S J! OS O vested across a erages of the c treatment applied tment. J Har resent the a^ '3 ou : : iilslHIl 2 * . . PH OH Pi PL, P 1 ! CL, C^ PL, ttcocSoocoo SssSSSSxS^ ^J^JJ^^J^^ ooScococcS 2 S-B_ ^ - >^r~ ' THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 99 ? 1 00 * > So "O tm ed "ScD'Ot^t^iOtCiOOOtO : mil pai|Is- -ql 0008 t-iiNccTfiocr^oooso ooooooooo*-* ccooooooooooooocoooo O<3JQJOO4>QJ4)OOO lOWCOiO O"5 "3 OCOt^ OOMtOOO NO 26 n'a IN S TjiCCOCW NOJffi'O "Ot- rt^rtCO !-CTt< TfrH CS>-iOW (NOOTf-< >HOO -I rHN N 8 Scot? oowto ^o O-<1<00 OOOtO OOO 01 ja fe COWOOO N'-i'-HOS t^U5 6.2 CO OOi-"-i 1-1 . O5ON O5CO .T o o OW3O O300CX1O "O>O g> SOON 5oS oco OS'S OO ^ OOOlTji ^10 si ts OOOiHIN OIMNCO OOrH O5 > i-l O O 00 "3 NW005O INCOOi'-l N-* 1 *B a i oooi-iiH o>-icoai i-it^ OoScofJ nt^oo OJO 0000 0000 1-1 :% : ^ OH : : ^^ : :Jja J3 dSSS dtf rto '-HNCO'* >C>t~00 O>O 000 op bo O^H 2 y S S b o 3 72 M ^ THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 103 ^l" gg~g -SfS e~ "S CO CO CO CO t>- t* *O ^f* O CO -'S oo^o* OOO-H NO B ^g N b lOWOOO 1-1 ^H CO CO -^W O Oi CO CO lOO 1 ^ 1 ^ US O a sfe V > 8OO^f QQ^ 1 ^- 1 t^O O l Oj 0001 s " COO 2o Wo O O OO H O 36 55 822 88S2 gj *- (- oo oo o 03 OO-*-* OOWM eO "S eob-oo cc^.o^ ^o ,a t^tDOOS ^J'O'O^ t>.00 ^ o% i si C^ ft <* OONO-I U5iO^^t> O 00 a CO CO ^ N NNNCO N -< oo "a CSCOrHCO OOOCOX Oft MOCOO NOOO-H "500 1 iO"5O5i-t Cl^iCeD OOC* ^3 1 p failure. 'No manure. Soil treatment I : :; : : : ' ^ c m E i -o 00 oSS2 OPJPnPJ tfd OCOO OOOO O'H No resi 104 BULLETIN No. 273 ^.s -r ? CO 00 d c COM a a ooo c"j &>C nl co oo U3N a ICO COCO * a G MOO 3 OJ ^ "a S OO) a 9 OOTfl d MCO co-* MOO ] I i ^ c 3 f > B Si o U 3 I H ^ i S p & K p ^ a - 1 i 7 CO "M 5 -3 2 S * COMi-HCO OO'Ht^'-i COCO rfOCOO O >-i O O) *< i-i fc- ht H O H x 2 S * CO 3 t - -C : 5 PQ H H H 9 & p < H p ~\ "3 -1 J 3 3 5 1 3 jj 00 U (M M 1 1 5 5 1 | i 4 4 o s 1 g IS fr 1 t ! i a a q 4 "a CO Soil treatment a to Soil treatment ji> d i y^ i :j : S No residue J2 c ' 11 11 OnPn (H OO 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 105 ENFIELD FIELD, WHITE COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1912 Location. About one mile east of Enfield. A part of the E. % of the S.E. %, Sec. 9, Twp. 5 S., R. 8 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 20 acres of light-colored, loes- sial upland soil of strong acidity. Four soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Yellow-Gray Silt Loam On Medium Plastic Clay; (2) Gray Silt Loam On Orange Mottled Plastic Clay; (3) Light Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay; and (4) Deep Gray Silt Loam. The field is somewhat rolling. Surface drainage is assisted by catch basins and tile to carry away the runoff. Some parts of the field are still in need of better drainage. The field is divided into four major series of 10 fifth-acre plots each, and two minor series divided into twentieth- acre half plots. In addition there are 2 four-fifth acre plots. History. The Enfield field was purchased by about six hundred citizens of White county and donated to the University for experi- mental purposes. In 1912 wheat was grown on approximately the north two-thirds of the field, while the remainder of the field was in redtop meadow. No further information in regard to the previous treatment of this field is available. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard rotation and soil treatment methods described in the introduction were estab- lished on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400. In addition cowpeas or soy- beans were seeded in the corn at the last cultivation for use as residues on the residue plots. These methods were followed until 1920, when the use of the peas and beans was discontinued. In 1922 the use of limestone was discontinued until the need for it becomes apparent. The return of wheat straw was also discontinued at that time. In 1923 the phosphate applications were evened up to 4 tons an acre, and no more will be applied for an indefinite period. Plots A and B have been used for a wheat, legume, alfalfa rota- tion. On one of them wheat and clover or soybeans are grown in rota- tion, while alfalfa is grown on the other for a period of six years, when the cropping is changed. Manure was applied to the whole plot at the rate of 5 tons an acre before the alfalfa was seeded. Rock phosphate at the annual rate of 500 pounds an acre was applied in the fall of 1912 and again in the fall of 1918. Kainit at the annual rate of 200 pounds an acre was applied with the phosphate. One application of limestone at the rate of 10 tons an acre was applied to the east three- quarters of these plots in 1913. No more will be applied until there appears to be need for it. Series 700 and 800 were at first unplotted. Until 1922 these two series were cropped like Plots A and B except that timothy was used in place of alfalfa. No fertilizers were applied to this land previous to 106 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, that time. In 1922 this land was plotted and a rotation of corn and wheat established. Since that time sweet clover has been seeded in the wheat on the west halves of Plots 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and red clover on the east halves of these plots. The clovers have been plowed down as a green manure for the corn. With this change in cropping a single ap- plication of the following materials was made: limestone at the rate of 2 tons an acre to all plots, rock phosphate at the rate of 2,000 pounds to Plots 2 and 3, and at the rate of 1,000 pounds to Plots 4 and 5; acid phosphate at the rate of 100 pounds an acre to Plot 2 and at the rate of 200 pounds an acre to Plot 4. It is planned to repeat the phosphate applications on Plots 2 and 3 every ten years, and on Plots 4 and 5 every five years. Limestone will be applied when it appears to be needed. r. r Sit U.n, On Or*a, HmU Ptawe Uf, * pSftj Ligtrt Gray Sit Lm On T.^ht CUf Pv?l I I Yfllow.CJr.yS.lt LO.-I On l-Xvl Dp Gr,y SU Lum I I MeA-n * Cl., C ,-,..- ,-..,-.; - 1 tot Soiu MAP or ENFIELD FIELD THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 107 S a N QQ S * w s Jr" 0 o O i-t 00 CO OS -1CO5 00 00 1- 00 CON 26 N"? N j NNOtO NNffiN NCOCOT-i i-l CO 00 U5 cct~ -*-' t- 8 > 8Ot~CO O(CCO 88S3 COO 88 N C > cor~0 00 N tO (DO &_0 OOrHrt 00"5NOO OO(Ni-< 00 t* 00 00 NOO O ^ O OO CO CO 00 U5 oo O o G Nt-NT)t NN ?jy 2o 2S Ot-NTti i-c^NN oo-^o i-ii-iNN Nr-l 6 i-HCC>OCO cocoSS coco CO-* 26 i- SS ON 5 9 ^^^Ct OONCO 2-S ^-d-ci^i iHrH i-Hi-l G NNCOCO NOtOO OOO 3 222 ax^ s 00 O3 O NCoSS O ^ O N ThN 10 a N0>00 OOOON'* 00 >O ^00t~(0 OOOONi-l Oi-l 26 %%$% NCO^$ 5 ONCOCO i-H--Ci-(N ^22N $8 sl NtOCON OO-*N CON ,| PoPS 00 00 00 O> 00 OCWOOCO --2 00 CO CQ 0) ^^-^^ *~ 2 fj 222 S 5 : 2 :^ tN S ^OON-* COCiHOO OOO 1 o "5t Soil treatment i . "~ * &! s -PH ' (*< S J2 -iNCO^< OOOO OOOO tfo 2 : '->i N CJ (N(N CMCM CM OoOCM OOT-* tOO oo^ 3 OOCOIN OCNIN COO OS jj o "OQ'O CM OQ OOi-> O O e OS OJ Tt* -q* O CO CO U5 "5 tD rHMIN rtrtlNIM Nt-H 23 o O a COOO-^IN t^OOi COr< Cq CO 1O O CM CC ^t< O U5 CO CO 00 'CO W i t CO 00 COO 23 2! (NCM -* CMCO CMi-H !Oc^^HCO 00 O * ( O ^ CO to 3c"iC?OCO COCMt-U5 0000 C-IU50000 t- 00 B ~JSC M - 2 ~~ e t^tOOSO OSOO1O CO^5 OOCOO tOO"5"5 00t~ 25 i- a tO^cMOO COCOOO* OOS o O 1 COCMOCM NININrl COO 23 cots S . 2 >> CO ^i ^* cO O CO OS OS ^* CC "rHTfTji MlNOtO t-CO OJ 00 i-< >-i " Qb Q *5 : ; Oat hay s i! coco ' CD O OOO bj O5O (Nt^ 13 OS O OOO |l "* Alfalfa N o 1 cig. ofe OS O CO iO 1 if ots i-i O c-.-s co Alfalfa si ss 00 S3 ccg b si 2sj Ss 5 ci^ 05 coo OOO a O ^ 2 33 ofi ^ o lover 5 ~^ d.s O s 2^ cjo J CO 00 es N co'o' O5O s I 2 03 -^^ | ^"3 U5O .2 00 1 1 I 1 i g M i! d| O OB H b A Q pq 3 H 2s 110 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, TABLE 33. ENFIELD FIELD: SERIES 700, 800 (Plots C and D, Table 32, were subdivided in 1922 and continued as Series 700 and 800) Bushels or (tons) per acre Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1922 1923 Cowpeas 1 Corn 1 1924 Wheat 1 701W 701E 702W 702E 703W 703E 704W 704E 705W 705E 706W 706E L... ( .50) 39.6 44.0 47.6 40.0 44.4 42.8 43.2 42.0 44.0 43.6 26.4 28.4 | 2.7 } 7 ' 5 } 6.3 \ 6.5 } 4 ' 8 } l ' 7 L ( .33) LrP (2000) aP( 100) Sweet clover ( . 40) LrP (2000) aP( 100) Red clover ( .38) LrP (2000) Sweet clover ( 38) LrP(2000)Red clover ( .42) LrP (1 000) aP (200; Sweet clover ( .501 LrP ( 1000) aP (200) Red clover ( . 57) LrP (1000) Sweet clover ( .45) LrP(1000)Red clover ( . 52) L Sweet clover ( .40) ( 61) Cowpeas 1 Wheat Corn 80 1W 801E 802W 802E 803W 803E 804W 804E 805W 805E 806W 806E L ( 3D } 3.3 } 3.2 | 3.2 } 3.2 | 3.2 / 12.4 \ 14.4 / 22.4 \ 17.6 / 16.0 \ 10.4 / 16.0 \ 12.8 / 10.0 \ 16.4 / 12.4 \ 15.2 L ( .43) LrP (2000; aP( 100) Sweet clover ( .31) LrP (2000) aP( 100) Red clover ( . 29) LrP (2000) Sweet clover ( .31) LrP(2000)Red clover ( . 29) LrP ( 1000) aP (200) Sweet clover. . . ( .27) LrP ( 1000) aP (200) Red clover ( 29) LrP(1000)Sweet clover ( .21) LrP(1000)Red clover ( .21) L Sweet clover ( .23) L Red clover ( .23) >No soil treatment. J No legume catch crop. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 111 EWING FIELD, FRANKLIN COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1910 Location. About one mile northeast of Ewing. A part of the E. % of the S.E. % of the S.W. %, Sec. 11, Twp. 5 S., R. 3 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. This field consists of 20 acres of light-colored, loessial upland soil of strong acidity. Four soil types have been mapped on this field: (1) Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay; (2) Gray Silt Loam On Orange Mottled Tight Clay; (3) Deep Gray Silt Loam; (4) Yellow-Gray Silt Loam. The field is quite level except in the southeast corner, where it is somewhat rolling. The drainage is naturally poor. Only small surface ditches have been used in leading the surface water from the plots. The field is divided into four major series of 10 fifth-acre plots each, 2 unplotted acre areas, one series of 7 tenth-acre plots and two series of 7 twentieth-acre plots each. History. The Ewing experiment field was purchased by Ewing College with the assistance of friends and donated to the University for experimental purposes. In 1908 corn was grown on this field, but in 1909 no crops were grown. No other information is available in regard to the previous history of the field. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard cropping and soil treatment methods described in the introduction were established on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400, with the exception that cowpeas were seeded in the corn at the last cultivation for use as residues on the residue plots. These methods were followed without change until 1920, when the seeding of cowpeas in the corn was discontinued. In 1921 sweet clover was substituted as the regular legume in the rotation in addition to its seeding in the wheat for use as a green manure crop. Seed was harvested from all the regular sweet clover plots and the straw returned to the residue plots only. In 1922 the application of limestone was discontinued. No more will be applied until there appears to be a need for it. The same year the return of the wheat straw as a residue was also discontinued. In 1923 the phosphate was evened up to 8,500 pounds an acre and no more will be applied for an indefinite time. Series 500 and 600 have been used for a wheat, legume, alfalfa rotation. On one of them the two-year rotation was practiced, while alfalfa was grown on the other for six years, after which the cropping was changed. Eight tons of manure an acre was applied to Series 500 in 1910 and to Series 600 in 1916. In 1910 limestone at the rate of 5 tons an acre, rock phosphate at the rate of 3,000 pounds an acre, and kainit at the rate of 1,200 pounds an acre were applied to both series ; this application of minerals was repeated in 1916. Series 700, 800, and 900 were at first unplotted. Until 1921 this land, as two large plots, grew crops in rotation similar to those on Series 500 and 600 except that timothy was substituted for alfalfa. No fertilizers, however, were applied to these plots. In 1921 this land was plotted into the three series and a rotation of corn, oats (hubam clover), and wheat, with a seeding of sweet clover for use as green manure, was established upon it. Limestone was applied to all plots except Plot 1 at the rate of 2 tons an acre at this time, and no more will be applied until it appears to be needed. Acid phosphate has been applied to Plots 3 and 6 at the annual rate of 100 and 200 pounds an acre respectively, and rock phosphate has been applied to Plots 4 and 7 at the annual rate of 200 and 400 pounds respec- tively. The phosphate applications are split, one half being applied for each crop of corn and wheat. 112 BULLETIN No. 273 ^ Gray S.It Loom On Tight Clay ['/.'] Deep Gray S.It Loam Contour ir.ter.jl -If,.: SOIL MAP OF EWING FIELD THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 113 *a ^ COCOON IOCO p t-Tt-USL-, 00 * CO tO COt- 25 OOOCtO'H C3i CO 00 *-* CNO5O5O5 IOK5 coco o O >OOOCOO} coco OJOOOOO r. 2d 4 rJicOINCO ^HrHi-liH 00 CO OOi-lN O5CO QPOOCO N -H" g 8O"500 25t^O CNN 8OCOO oooK N t-o COO 03 3 III OON-H COO OOCNCO (NO C5O 9) O e II 00 1^- co *-< NOJ 8 T}< SO i-HCNCN ss Ol^CNOO ON CO i-t a "SSS O "* N t- OO CO " 30 ca 00 S 1-1 J3 "-"CNCOCO OIOOJ1C co~ ^s N>OOi NN CNTfNN WIN CNN CO CO CO 00 OOO co . i g I < * 4 O CO COO 2 CONOOS "500t>.CO m w 5 w er acre 2-2 00 00 IN 00 00 tO Sco N . a >O 00 00 CO *<*< O5t- NCOOO NO !4 i W 1 s| CO fc OICN^OO 8 oooo OWO N^ t-CO o S "S - ~ US CO * CO 3 OJ o 25 OO 'H N^ o e -HCOt^CO -i / r. t- i-l COO NCO eob- m $ ej CNOSOOrJ" t-li-KNCO SScoco J5S 1 NCO"sS OCOOOX5 COCO-*-* lOCO -a CM 00 >O IN t^NOOO ooo "S t^- 00 CO 00 OiOWt- i-iO 2^ COCOt^O t-CNCNCO IN CO COO --l-H(N CD 21 - a 'S : : '&. ' : &1 S : : 'fL, : 'P* fti 2 C5 oooo U5 COt~ 00 0000 3 tfo 2 oooo OOOO ga 114 BULLETIN No. 273 *1 OCOOCO OCOCO5 *)_'!Il-Ci iH i-l TH ^^ a O e >-g2 *-g2 S2 a substit O> a! comooco ^^t^^ rtio o O^iOO OCOiCN tCS 9 O S xsco^ro Kjcoi-ioo "5co grown i -0 wSio rt^ro^ coi-i o "OiOCTSb- (Nt>-00(N "3OI '5 8 i ^ ^-x_xd-d- ooi-ii-i 1-1^^ ^05*0*}* roooo^s cow winter ki 2 " OJ 5 * 2 "* 2255 i?2 'Wheat 25 CO CO C CO i I CO "3 1O CO i-< c o O ^^t^co eoNroco COIN d 2g OCOOOOJ COCNOOO OOi-l S ooooooco O-HOO NIO ts ~ *U -1CNIN CN1N CM rtrt '"'i-Hi-H M 5 "{I 2! oorooso OOOOCOCM cooo Ts SSSl 8 a 1 S ^ ^-,^^^-N Oft v^^-dci ^ 'S ft y e 23 i-ii-HCOCO OOOOCNCO t~(N "a -icsroco MN^CO io) inuBtn oj. 25 1 CO1 S -H "3 ^ .5 P 2 s ^ 1 cp i| "o 1 CO H cots ^J i g t ^- J4 02 S ^ O " S? OS* ^ *"* S * '^ p- 3 hi i? e8 g. ^6 - a w IN > - 0*2 ^4 . ""^O ^^ ^ >, * o3 2S fH O ^ "o S i o i| * a! 3 X p ill i Alfalfa . ! 00 2- g "o 1 o 09 2! 8 1 j Q t^ 03 rt V ei 1 t o M 2 Q z 2 !> ^ 3 ^ t~ 2 CS.O * y < ci O li f; B E co 1 sl "j 03 00 H O H * ~^ ^^ ^ P4 _>> X "7? o t 2 I B CO Q all 3 1 f? Q P ^ i W -> w 25 o tJ ..7 i S^ I 3 1. 03 (Q p c F CO S3 p CO H pa oS i Ol pa h 1912 Timothy g. | s | 1 CO 2^ * g, US *~J5 K * ' 13 "S 1 I g 1 *! 0>;2 g ^ a c "a V S| rtl ^"ft i< a *s a i a 03 03 "o 1 M ^' I CW - S a a o S o 8 o 2; J2 ^ * J Q 116 BULLETIN No. 273 [January TABLE 37 EWING FIELD: SERIES 700, 800, 900 (Plots C and D, Table 36, were subdivided in 1922 and continued as Series 700, 800, 900) Bushels or (tons) per acre Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1922 Wheat 1923 Corn 1924 Oats 701 Le 8 28 4 10 702 LeL .7 32.4 29.7 703 LeLaP(lOO) 8 32 8 31.9 704 LeLrP(200) 1.2 31.0 37.6 705 LeL... 1 5 28.0 28.4 706 LeLaP(200) 1.0 34.6 39.1 707 LeLrP(400) .5 38.4 40.0 Corn 1 Oats' Wheat 801 Le... 6 4 10.0 0.0 802 LeL 9.2 16.3 2.7 803 LeLaP(lOO) 6.0 25.6 6.3 804 LeLrP(200) 96 19.4 3.3 805 LeL... 12 12.5 0.0 806 LeLaP(200) 12.8 23.1 3.7 807 LeLrP(400) 11.2 18.8 3.0 Oats' Wheat Corn 901 Le... 2 5 0.0 2.8 902 LeL 3.8 1.0 11.6 903 LeLaP(lOO) 3.1 1.6 14.0 904 LeLr(200) 3.8 3.0 16.4 905 LeL... 1.3 1.6 10.0 906 LeLaP(200) 1.9 4.0 15.6 907 LeLrP(400) . . . 1.9 4.7 13.2 Phosphorus only. *No legume catch crop. 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 117 FAIRFIELD FIELD, WAYNE COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1905 DISCONTINUED 1923 Location. About one mile northwest of Fairfield on the Rinard and Porter farms. The E. */ 2 of the W. V 2 of the N.W. ^ and the W. 1/2 of the W. V 2 of the N.E. 14, all in Sec. 36, Twp. 1 S., R. 7 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 40 acres of light-colored upland soil of strong acidity. The soil was described as the typical prairie soil of southern Illinois and probably consisted chiefly of Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay. The land was practically level. Half of it was tile-drained, but due to the impervious nature of the subsoil, drainage over all the field was rather poor. The field was divided into four series of 36 fifth-acre plots each. Each series was further divided into two parts; one containing the plots numbered from 1 to 18 and the other from 21 to 38. History. The Fairfield field was leased from Mr. John Rinard and Mr. G. Porter. During the later years the Porter land was leased from Mr. H. J. Smedley. As far as is known the land had not previ- ously received fertilizer treatment of any kind. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The Fairfield field was used pri- marily for the investigation of crop problems. A uniform rotation, however, was practiced on the field, and certain plots were maintained with various soil treatments. The rotation originally practiced was corn, cowpeas, wheat, and clover on both tiled and untiled land. During the later years it was changed to corn, soybeans, wheat, and sweet clover. All plots ending in the numbers 3, 6, and 9, were handled as grain system plots and received crop residues. All plots ending in the numbers 10, 13, and 16, or 30, 33, and 36, were handled as livestock plots and received farm manure. All plots except those ending in the numbers 9 and received applications of limestone and rock phosphate. These soil treatments were applied in accordance with the methods described in the introduction. In addition to the above described soil treatments, potassium compounds were applied in two forms; namely, kainit and sulfate. These materials were applied lengthwise of all series in such manner that a 4-rod strip in the middle received kainit at the annual acre rate of 150 pounds, and a 2-rod strip on either side of the kainit received potassium sulfate at the annual acre rate of 50 pounds. These treatments continued from 1907 to 1915. The effect of the potassium treatments on the crop yields was measured only in the corn for the years 1907 to 1915 and in the clover for the years 1910, 1911, and 1912. 118 BULLETIN No. 273 ".' S CO fi * ^^^ CO CO 00 b* -H h *! ^^ ~^-^ si M-HOO C05OCO ^sc 1 x*"2 S-S O -H X ... H ^* OX XU5CO g'5'^' 22 . i O5 CO I s * I s * O 8 T-H OQ a -H CO X Ci C5 " CON-H -HCOCO M * 00 c o o 25 sc >/: t Tile-d -HT}O "5O CO ~ r. o "S U5U5-H COC^ >c S j 00 X O ~. s 1 I s rt-H-H -HOC* ii5 1^5 CO O O ^5 -HO O '- OCO-H 1 s 5S E5!Sfe S2 ^g 1 i Plot No. Soil treatmen ilj 11 ccoos ocoo THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 119 CO o) ! Ill a CN 23 sll o> S o ^ODl! Ill "S3 v & t. i ! 2^-N 1 ' S f > 2J ^ V*J O) IT 1 '. o "- 00"-! fe COOi 1-1 ^S 111 1 1 * ll i "a & 1 1 i "o 6 ZZ< CO 00 CO ft -H Tt d od a O CO O ' height lost before recording. sss oooco 00 B I tNOJO cooiiri ift O CO CM ^ ^ CO 01 d i COINt- OUJTII 1 CO COO Ooooo 1 CNCN O ICO Ot^ -CNCN ooo 1 2 o^q <)ic-icd o>ooo CNN t^COCO ooeo 117. 2 Sweet clover on m Csoico OCNO S-d-d O-cft- Land Not Tile-drai CO CO CO t-COO clclco; Ot^eo t, as explained on page oo^t CM O OtN 3 a a "c 's fc '5 2 ~ co co o ooo jll jj : CO COO OCOCD I '= J "3 o ~H 120 BULLETIN No. 273 ' 10 00 O CO Oi ^ OOOIN NO^< 1O OO S'oiS' OO -^"WOJ OtvH ^"INCO IN NCq 00 S'loS' OO COOOOO 2 s i B ^O ^1 OOO ^^^ *O!N OSrtOO 000 ^_,_, (DtOIN jtlNh. 7 mostly r 05 .fl "P oi OOO OCOCO WCOIN INMCO O O CO ^ O 00 -^OON. OiJ COIN i-cCOCO CDOOO ^t^l o o d ,4 I 1-1 o O oo a COCOOO OOfflcD 3HN>O O>OC<5 ** ott- ONO NCOCO C. 9 t~ 26 1 'S E -n NINOO t^osm NlN I t^lMO IOOO *U5N "5Ost>- ^H otoi-i omo OOt~CO CDOOIN "5 -o H -e 3 hJ COCOCO NOOO O z a c cj h-l OOINO (OICO 2 * 3 o C- -^ ^^ iO cfl o <" rHfH ^- M n O^CO COOOOO Ni-lO Hr-lia t^aiN tocooi ts of each p 55| 1 WINCO rHrHi-l INWIN f-l C<1 different par atment applied 1 o i 3 e. 8 |3 1 o 1 "o o E^ %%' ; :^" .3.3 ; >MH Stftf sss NMN NWN %'% : :%%' Ktf ^SS NNN CCTOfO CMININ dniN a 2 "s | 1 "o ll 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 121 IN 5 > ''tc'w 8 Tf CO IN OJ CO CO """cNN r 05 fe O "' ^Ti I el 1.3 !. | 05X2 H OO SS2S! CO CO Oi O CO CO 122 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, ! i * SI OON CNOCO | """ rtlN "<-H Mrt oco n oscooo SOOO (NCOCO t^ CO t* Ci O ^ / ' " _. Oi * * O ""* o" i-i,-i rtrtc^ ^4rt J^iyj IB -H C W O5 OS 1/3 00 CO ONN OOO a 23 Tj>*r us oosco COCOCN WMCO IO O O CO K5 ifj M CO CO P CO O O OSOSO Oh-t- s and weeds -2 CO 00 O5 OHO IO ostly gras ts,Tf O O o TJ* CCP5CN Wc<5-^t 1 i 3 Tile-drainef oo CN ^ w LO in *3 j EH OCOJO t-O>O5 OOON -"t^O ained on pi 23 a c h3 O t-~ IN id C 00 *s j O5 -H * (M (N CN a M a I" in O >C O 00 i-lrl - . *5 5S "s. 2r! rts of ea & 1 "a it applied to diffe Plot No. Soil treatment ij Jl p;^ : ifljo,' cocoes oroco 'Potassium sulfate and kail THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 123 ss co 2 H ^-^ ^ 3-ico oooo R^rt J I* ~0 a sj "& GO "","$ Oi O O5 lO ^ CO oidoi 0> .* -H >OlNt>. i-iWi-l *-. a> . Isf ro ^HI>. ... OCOO i-ltOTjl o>^ IMM-l MWCO 5OCO5 Ctco mto^-i 23 >oo-^< coco^ 1OCO-* T}tOO OIMIN oi^io or^i^ t^coia O5CO TjO TUt^O *J 00 03 O iOb.t (DCDtf) OOCO SOOOCO 1 fi^fcO >O1< OOOO T(I^-ICO 2> SS Tile-drainec tOTj-m O--I-H i-(i-l f-ilNN "5-n^< t^ooro oooro *wro jc*- t, : *i 1 H-3n4 "HH sss M CO O> OCOO .Tt< OO. coo5? U5OO t-00"O DOiO CO CClNOO OCOO''O ^^^ ^<000> O) OT TO ... <*0000 -Ht~O 26 c 1- CJ 11 i si Tile-drained TfCOO tOi-ilN. i-( IN OJ -! IN -! -HO5CO 0000-* . 00>-"O OO>9> r. -5 -^ 1 >n a V OJ.O s i % -a 1 >3 *oo oot-- -lF-t COC4 O>-iO f^cou? b-0000 OOOt- """^ ^Si. K -a *--"O O ocoeo (NCMC^ COCOCO 126 BULLETIN No. 273 \January, o i T I ^ E^ M I 9 I s 1 f" 1 3 fr & Q H5 g I K i i 2 2E N*O(N IN IN CO co-*-* t-COt>- *** N-*CO NCOCO CO CO CO CO US US CO00 oco O5-*OS i-cOOO INNIN t~oo INNN 00 CO CO coco-* t--i>O N-*-* OOOOS U3U5CC UJOO OS CO-* CO CO CO CO t-NCO co CON t-OSOO IN IN IN t^OSCO coco-* NIN-H oot- sss !!! NCOt^ U5OSOO OSCO-* ININCN -H * 1 OS CO CON IOK3CO CO CO CO U500O COCO-* OS OS 12 CO-*-- NNN co co co co co co coSco -IOOIN ** OOOcOO5 t-O5COCO tNOOCOCOOO OS iH O "O 05 t-COt-t- t-COt-t-CO COOOt-t-cO co oo in co m n oc eo IH o c> M< i * ,-oiooc * co o cc r IMINO'O'OI oo to ^< U5 C cpcp '-i -*cp Tt< ro co w a CONCNMO r)(OJiO(NOO Ot^iCOOCO OOOOMcO^ oo co co Tt< i-i 5OTjo ^i-ii-ioco oorocooso (N CO CO CO CO TjfTficOCOCO ^"^^TfcN (N-^>O-*TH cj. -eo.eo.(N. co. -co. COCSOtNOO COCOOOO lOCOcOcOt cOt-OOt-CO t- 00 1- *~ "5 OOOOOOOOCO OOCOCOO5CN OCt-OOOSt- CO COO 10 00 CN CO CO-*" CNQO>io'O5 oooot-o ioo5cocot- Tjio^oot-i <-i co c3> 1-1 o' bo'r^ 'oo"5""5' r^'oous'to'ds' t-moow'Tti" t-Oi>OcOOO rtcOi-ii-icO (NiO^COOS i-KNCOOO ci. 'ci.tNcsi co, 'co.co'.ci co 'CO.CO,OU5iOTj(io rHi-li-lOOO COOO QNtNtN'-'tN O5J3 *Ji tN 00 1~ O O> O *J< *-i CO t--' 1C oi * *J< ujiOCO^t"'-" tNCOCOCOCO CO <)< T)< TJ< tN CO <9< CO # tN CO Tjt rf * CO tNOeCOtN OOOCOOO i-tTftC^cOOO i--l OOCOcOt>-00 5 O , Oifl 'HOSOX'* ^H^fOO^-00 O^OOWC^ OOCOOWiO 9 ^H^ iftifJCOCD^O 5^COl n 00 OOOOCOt-CO COCOCOOO"5 t^.CO>-lOOrH COCOOcOCO L^ ^* O B rtU t-t^OOOO OSOOOOO dipOipOC 000>C7spOO COCOOt^OO CNt^*~*~'^ CO < * CO ^ CO CO>-iCOCOtN COtNCOCOtN i-l i-i tN 1-1 tN o COtNOO>O t^cOKJt-' ppooptN i-i( , ft i:j ^j .. ^ <*j O 10 o O >O OOO^OO '"S ^O 10 ^5 "O *^5 CO CO iO cS ^ lO *O CO CO CO C . . S C? 'o V* j.i^ n. >-.~^5 I n'. >-.~^! iCL.CL.'^ g rtrtrtPnCJ .- !? _. tNCNCSCvltN C^CMtNC^tN tN tN tN tN tN tN tN tN tN tN 130 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, 26 So co a sa 00 O5 CO CO CD cor^oot~r~ CO O5 O C5 C5 oscNmooco ccmocx t^oo INOOOOOO r^ >* t- 1-1 io comeOi-K: CO CO CO CO CN CO OJOOC'oo' . .,* CO "^ ... t^oO'-HC COfNiNI COiSCOlNCO CNCOCNiNIN HOCOOO--! CO CO ^ CO CN 00 CO CO CO i"H CNOOOO to6coo5 o>ooob> O5 ^ 00 O5 CD .-ioocccoo CNOCO-^O 4i *.i* i-l S* *J COCOtN CO i-n-ii-CNM (N01?1C^I^ OSQi-IWOO oc^SiN CO CO 00 O CO T* iflCNCO NO5COOOU5 * ^i co co oo OC'COOOCCC 1 -) ^t*-COOOi-< (NMNWcq coiNcoiNco Oit^CO* 'CO ^ i-< i ( 00 CO co os co t^- co COCVICONCO CO CO CO t^ 00 >oot> oooooooooo ooxr-oox ococt-oct~ OOCOOOO t-OO5OS< OlOOrf CO-H oot~coi--r" t- -HOD IN CO s co co o i-c i- COiCCOOIN ^Hi-n-tpioj cN i-H i-i I-ICNNC>a O^CO< cococococi oid>ot i-nOi-Hi " coco S 1-1 ^^,-.^04 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 131 GREEN VALLEY FIELD, TAZEWELL COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 DISCONTINUED 1907 Location. About two miles southwest of Green Valley on the farm of Mr. J. C. Drake. A part of the S.W. % of the N.W. 1/4 of the N.W. %, Sec. 3, Twp. 22 N., R. 5 W. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 8.7 acres of terrace soils, probably more or less acid. At the time the field was established the soil was described as sand ridge with no clay subsoil to a depth of four feet. Several soil types were present on the field, ranging from Dune Sand to Black Sandy Loam. The south acre, according to the records, was a fairly good, uniform soil, being described as a mixture of sand and black loam. The north acre was described as very sandy with a few fertile spots in it. The middle portions of this field were more spotted. The field was divided into four series of 10 tenth-acre plots each. History. The Green Valley field was leased from Mr. J. C. Drake. Previous to 1902 the land had been cultivated for about fifty years and had had but little manure applied to it. The land had been used for pasture and for corn. In 1901 oats were grown. Cropping and Soil Treatment Practices. Series 100, 200, and 300 were cropped with a rotation of corn, oats, and legumes, with cowpeas seeded in the corn on the residue plots. Phosphorus was supplied in steamed bone meal at the annual rate of 200 pounds, and potassium in potassium sulfate at the rate of 100 pounds an acre. Manure was applied once during the rotation at the rate of 6 tons an acre. One application of slaked lime at the rate of 311 pounds an acre was made in 1902. Series 400 was used for what was called a complete fertility test. The rotation on this series was corn, corn, oats, wheat. It was located on the south side of the field. Nitrogen was supplied in dried blood applied at the approximate annual rate of 725 pounds, potassium in 100 pounds of potassium sulfate, and phosphorus in 200 pounds of steamed bone meal an acre. One application of slaked lime at the rate of 311 pounds an acre was made in 1902. 132 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, TABLE 41. GREEN VALLEY FIELD: SERIES 100, 200, 300 Bushels or (tons) per acre Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1902 Corn* 1903 Oats' 1904 Cow- peas* 1905 Corn 1906 Oats 1907 Cow- peas 101 . . . 38.3 21.0 (1.33) 30.9 11.3 (1.55) 102 Le 33.1 26.9 ..() 35.0 17.5 (2 23) 103 M 33.1 22.5 (1.70) 35.9 8.1 (2.21) 104 LeL 27.2 32.2 (*) 32.9 17.8 (2.46) 105 ML 36.0 24.4 (1 . 66) 41.4 13.4 (2.06) 106 LeLbP 40.3 36.2 (') 43.1 23.1 (2.34) 107 MLbP 29 5 26 9 (1 . 82) 28.7 10.9 (2.50) 108 LeLbPK 12.7 25.0 ..() 14.1 25.3 (2.84) 109 MLbPK 22.4 21.0 (1.50) 13.3 13.4 (3.02) 110 LbPK 25 6 22.5 (1.61) 16.9 10.0 (2.30) Oats 1 Cow- peas 3 Corn Oats Cow- peas Corn 201 . . . 41.6 (1.00) 52.2 24.1 (1.50) 48.8 202 Le 39.4 (*) 59.0 36.9 (1.60) 52.3 203 M 30.9 (1 . 05) 55.7 23.1 (1.50) 46.0 204 LeL 25.6 (') 45.3 26.3 (1 . 55) 34.1 205 ML 41.3 (1.30) 71.2 35.3 (2.02) 63.5 206 LeLbP 51.6 ..(*) 73.5 35.9 (2.35) 67.9 207 MLbP 53.4 (1 . 45) 79.2 35.3 (2.58) 71.9 208 LeLbPK 35.9 . .(J) 69.7 48.1 (2.37) 51.5 209 MLbPK 32.8 (1.35t 64.5 33.4 (2.02) 59.3 210 LbPK 47 2 (1 . 40) 54.0 29.1 (1.81) 43 3 Cow- peas 1 - * Corn Oats Cow- peas Corn Oats 301 . . 57.4 38.4 (2.17) 58.8 15.6 302 Le 61.4 37.5 (1 . 86) 58.0 25.3 303 M 71.9 41.2 (1.87) 50.3 16.3 304 LeL 48.0 32.5 (1.50) 43.4 17.5 305 ML 59.9 36.9 (1 79) 46.3 12.5 306 LeLbP 55.0 40.6 (1.69) 45.6 28.4 307 MLbP 76.3 42.8 (2.17) 58.0 15.0 308 LeLbPK 57.1 46.6 (2.50) 54.1 33.1 309 MLbPK 81.0 51.6 (2.95) 62.8 21.6 310 LbPK... 53.6 35.6 (2.18) 44.1 13.8 'Minerals only. 'No yields taken; growth plowed down on the legume plots. 'No manure. TABLE 42. GREEN VALLEY FIELD: SPECIAL FERTILITY TEST, SERIES 400 Bushels or (tons) per acre Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1902 Corn 1903 Corn 1904 Oats 1905 Wheat 1906 Corn 1907 Corn 401 0. .. 68.7 56.3 49.7 18.3 32.9 35.3 402 L 68.2 42.0 35.9 19.0 17.8 29.5 403 LN... 68.6 65.4 44.4 23.5 62.9 58.9 404 LbP... 30.3 24.9 20.3 16.7 10.4 13.1 405 LK...'. 23.1 20.1 16.9 16.5 8.4 12.8 406 LNbP... 57.4 69.8 51.9 26.8 70.8 64.7 407 LNK... 70.0 72.9 54.7 36.5 74.8 73.6 408 LbPK 49 8 39 6 36.9 13.7 18.3 27.7 409 LNbPK.., 69.5 69.8 47.8 36.2 66.4 73.6 410 LbPK... 57.2 66.1 50.0 26.5 66.0 71.9 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 133 HARTSBURG FIELD, LOGAN COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1911 Location. About one-half mile east of Hartsburg. A part of the S. 1/2 of the S.W. 1/4 of the S.W. 1/4, Sec. 22, Twp. 21 N., R. 3 W. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 20 acres of dark-colored loes- sial upland soil which is neutral to slightly acid in reaction. The land is quite uniform from the standpoint both of soil and topography. With the exception of a small area in the northwest part of the field consisting of Brown Silt Loam On Clay (Grundy silt loam) , the field consists entirely of Black Clay Loam (Grundy clay loam) . The field is thoroly tile-drained and drains very well. It is divided into five series, four of which contain 10 fifth-acre plots and one which con- tains 15 fifth-acre plots. History. The Hartsburg field was donated to the University by the Scully estate for experimental purposes. Previous to that time it had been farmed under a tenant system. Oats were grown on this land in 1910. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard rotation, including alfalfa and the soil treatment methods described in the intro- duction, were established on the five series. Some modifications were made in the order of treatment given the extra five plots on Series 500. These methods were followed without change until 1918, when it was planned to remove one hay crop and a seed crop of clover from the residue plots. In 1921 it was decided to harvest all the clover as hay. At that time the return of the oats straw was discontinued. In 1922 the return of the wheat straw was discontinued. The only residues plowed under since that time have been the cornstalks and the green sweet clover before the corn. On this field the sweet clover has grown satisfactorily on the unlimed plots. The application of limestone was also discontinued in 1922 until further need for it becomes apparent. In 1923 the phosphate applications were evened up to 4 tons an acre on all plots, and no more will be applied for an indefinite period. At that time the rotation on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400 was changed to corn, corn, oats, and wheat, with a seeding of hubam clover in the oats on all plots, and a seeding of biennial sweet clover in the wheat on the residue plots. On Series 500, the rotation was changed to corn, oats, wheat, and alfalfa-red clover mixture for one year. 134 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, I 1 1 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 135 5 > =J_O !S 5!!! ?! B CONOCO CNOOO'J" OO e OOO-O 10 o r^. o CDCDCDCO co*o 6 OO^t*^ OOOCOOO COOO O O *C Oi O ~i ?-H -$i 00 OOOO oooot^-x t^h-cOt* b-t*- WrPOCO COC^COCO OOO o o O ^ CN'oS t^-tOOOt*" CO CO O5 Ol O O E SSSit Socooo SS Ot-OCO -^OOOrH t-t> 23 ^-^100 ^tOiCtO 0^ M CNMNCN csi^-n-i rfcvj O 2 OOOt^O OINMO -*CO a E CNOCOO HOOCO'^ *~*CO o Tj< *-H CN CO O O "*f CD O ^^ COCNCOCO COCOCOCO COCO O oooot^o oococo cooo ^ CD CO CO O CO CD CD CO tO S S ; ; ; ; :^ g | o| 2KH 3 ? a i-cCOOb- CNCNOCO OO5 S" 3 - ' - ' 2^ SGSS GBS^ SS *t" 16 -' CO *OCOcDcO iC^t< | OOO-t- OOO^CN t^N ^CN^^ 4 COCOCOCO COCO eg *# ^* iO O W Oi 00 N I s * ^ O IQ 00 O5 00 O OS Oi iC TJ< o OCN-OtN TfNCNW OOCN OCOCOCO CN cDOi-i>H r 2* *-H^H^H ^^N^^(N W^^ 1 CNNCNM CNCNCNOJ CN CN o O ' *.**? ^ 1-1 *" ^ > COCN'-icO OOOTjfTji COrH OS d COCOtOtO COCD*OcO to^J 1 CN t* t* 1** O '"' 00 1* i-l I-H o o O a miNi-icO O1CDOOO OCO CNO'-iO tCNOM CNCO o O "S OOOOOCO COO-*iO -iotO *O 00 25 ssss ssss s o O CNCO'O'"* OOOOO ^iH J TjdHO'* OO'-iCN'* TJ,e CO^COCO 00^' *C>1 Op 20 1 553 .,co 5J c^J rH-Hi-jcN COCN COCN CNCN s| co S3 4ON-OCO OOfNCO COCO COCOCOCO COOOCOCC COCO CCM^COO b-COh^O O>O >>a | rt'OOO'S ICOCNCN OOO >"_-// ... . ^4 CJ-d-Cid. OOO OcDt>-O OOO COCO'fl'CO COCOCOrl- COCO =3 el P J2 o : '. : : : : w ^dd ' : >j'>-> *S dSSS dtfrto; tfo 0006 doco d-^ : : : : : ' : x : OOOO OOCO o2 (NCIC-JCS CNMOJIN (N1N CCOO OOCC O" 136 BULLETIN No. 273 [January w 3 5 H 2i> l^cooijj 53g$5 J5J3 o OSiOCOIN lOOSOCSt^O OOOCOCOO 00(NOOi-< OOCOsOt". T(<00 a 2o 32S 3S$S $3 3 OOcOOOO ^ ^ i i TJ< T}H CO C'lTj'cOOCi'H S2 N ^o> t^wcoN eon O ^O O CO t^OSCNCOiOCO XOOOO^fCO 23 SSSJS $13$ S3 **** 9SSSSSS SS8995 N eoooooeo coocoTt< o-^* g i-iCNT(!CO 1-1 X 1-" C0 1-1 t* OS i ( N d OO^O OS O 2 ~a ojoocoo M" co CN o: o t-i ooosTfooco g GJ22-2!. S-2-2-SS2- G-2-2-SB-S- -H > OS O ^ O i < W CO^Ot^OC CO 1 ' ^SSS ?S25S ""G cocococo COCOCOCOCON CSNCOCOCN 10 B flOOi-lN OSCDINCO OM OCOOCOCO CO i ' ^ CO C^O "3 t^O*OCXj COt^-C^COC^CO O4-HfOOSOS -I 23 ^** iO CO CO TI< O ^ >O IO O S 2 5=g gggjf? ggggf "5 _ i CO cS i-( 4) NOOOSCN t-CO-H 05^1 coootNco oo r^ 1-1 OCDt>.00 OO OOOO OOOO O i : -y^ : ij^JS SSI i-iWCOrt* lOCOt^-GCOiO i-iWfO^'O 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 137 [ JOLIET FIELD, WILL COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1914 Location. About three miles northwest of Joliet on the Lincoln highway. A part of the S. V 2 of the N.W. *4 and the S.W. ^4 of the N.E. *4, Sec. 31, Twp. 36 N., R. 10 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 31 acres of dark-colored loes- sial and drift upland soil of medium acidity. Three soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Brown Silt Loam On Calcareous Drift, (Clarion silt loam) ; (2) Black Clay Loam, poorly drained phase (Loessial Clyde clay loam) ; (3) Brown Silt Loam On Plastic Calcar- eous Drift (Webster silt loam) . The land is gently rolling. It is tile- drained and drains well. The field is divided into ten series, six of which contain 10 fifth-acre plots, two of which contain 10 tenth-acre plots, and two of which contain 13 tenth-acre plots. History. The Joliet field was purchased by Will county and donated to the University for experimental purposes. Series 100, 200, and 300 were seeded to oats and clover in 1913. Series 400, 500, and 600 had been in pasture several years preceding the laying out of the experiment field. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The original rotation on Series 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 was corn, oats, clover, wheat, and soy- beans, with alfalfa on the sixth series for six years. In 1921 this rota- tion was changed to corn, corn, oats, clover, and wheat, with a seeding of sweet clover on the residue plots, and alfalfa on the sixth series for six years. The soil treatments planned for this field were similar to those described in the introduction. Since 1921 all clover has been re- moved as hay. In 1921 the return of the oats straw was discontinued and in 1922 the return of the wheat straw was discontinued. At that time the limestone applications were also discontinued until the need for more becomes apparent. Series 700, 800, 900, and 1,000 were known as Plots A, B, C, and D until 1921, at which time they were subdivided. Plots A and B were used for a wheat-legume-alfalfa combination, while Plots C and D were used for a wheat-legume-timothy combination. All these plots received 2 l /2 tons of limestone an acre; no other treatment was given the land. In 1921 they were plotted and a rotation of corn, barley, soybeans, and wheat was established on them. Hubam clover has been seeded on Plots 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the barley, and biennial sweet clover on the same plots in wheat; no other treatment has been given the land. 138 BULLETIN No. 273 THE ILLINOIS SOIL .EXPERIMENT FIELDS 139 3 ^ o i! "51 i! i! S-H *N C5 ^* O CO CN Oi 00 CO t- tN CN 00 r- 001" "S o a 5 e ^d^'OO t-'OO'"^ CO f-MCNCNN 'f-4WCO COCN 35^.^^ CNO^CO CN-* 00 t-- CO O OS X Sj S3S3 33*3 S o O ^H^-iiacji ^HOOIOOO Ot~- cocococo coco-* 1 * 'ftco ^ OCOOl 1 i00t- CNOO COCO^Tji CNINCNCO -*N * "S O^^ ^LCN^ WOO 4,3 si r. 111 OC CN O Oi O5 CO CO CO CN CNCOCOCO 1-1 CN 0) CO COCO COCOCOCO' OOt-INCN CCl^ *"!... OOOO i-i CO 00- J-H-HF-H.-J, -H rt CN IN CN ^ S I s 2 st CNCO *HCNCOt~ OOCO OICOCO'* COCOCO-* 1 -C*JCN t^O CNCNCON IOCN CNOO t~ t^ O) -r^ CO iC *O O 00 CN IO O 1C CO CO ^f lO CO 11 cddoco OCOCOO O"5 t^oot^oc t^t^t^oo t^t* e a "*o" ^-^ ^ fel 10 t- ' -co ^-,x-^ "V i ~. O H O OOOS^CO OOOO*" 1 ^ ICOO !J O iO ... . o .0 P TjU500t- CiCOOO U5t- ** cooid-n OOC35OO CNt~ i-i-HCNN <-i-HCNCN CN>-l Clover' Wheat 1 OOO5COCO OO TCCN O O OS O O5 ^ O Oi 00 CN 1 d " cc co co m >o CN OJCNOO"5 CNCOOO>-i CC"5 OOC35Oi OCOOCS COCQ ^ 2 c M C 1 d or alfalf 1 a 2 1 treatment apj inure. 'Nurse J2 o -i W CO *P U^ t^ 00 O5 O OOOO OOOO O-H Sodo cooo o CNCNCMCN C^CNCNIN CN N : : :%' OH' OH : :^J jjj ,3 cccococo cocccoco cow Lime only. *No m 140 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, 32 IN IIN-* (OOt^lN ION e NQOCOW COCNOCOtOCN 0) CDCOOJTfl O3OOt-O "509 23 8338 SSS5 38 a CO T(* T}* iO CO CO*CO *O *O CO i-iiNINCO CNC4INCO CO>-l CN 2 *C005^ t~Ci-HT(l Oh- o OOO"OOO >-l 00 00 OJ U5 T)I CD 23 mcot^co tocsob- coco COiOtQCO CO ^J< "3 O tOCO "-IINCNCO 1-1 i-H i-l (N CO r-l ^ S3 S eT}t-i-i 1-1 CN T)< 00 i-i CO 5 CO-O -o ~ - G^ o O >O C T^ 10 O *O "3 o Mlol0rt oo^,,, ^ i OOCO-HO NOM-KCOU5 ill i?PPP Cl CO O T-H tN 0>l ^-i 00 o CNOO'-iOC CO CO (N t~ "I T)I COTHIOT) CO Tl< Tj< *f K5 CO ^J ^. 222 2. 22 ^COiOCO 000005 -> COOOO5O CO 2d %%%% g55S 38 co^ . . O5 O5 CN T}< CO *| Sfcl CO iO i i CO CD CD 13 SJ2SS SS2S SS o O CNCOCO^f IN CO IN CO * CN ^ 2! "a t-05^N COCONO -.-! -a i?0^00 rtOWOOOCN a"?* ~ c Sg ^ CO t~ -nO"5 t^Ttl c tfiOiNIN COO-* rlO 2c3 CO G O CO OC Ci 00 Oi Oi Oi O00500 Tf O^Q OOOCO5O 00 " CO CO t-OS Olt^ *00 o "S r-ieNco-* 1C CD CD CO it-iOOS OCOCON iO iO 10 CO COCNOO'J' (NiO to-* CNOO 2'a iO-*i-io CO"3iCU5 00 O5 CO 00 waootfJ 59 OS CO to 00 IN CO CO CO O^HOOO co co co co IN-* -*IN CN rt IN V 00 t^ tOO t~(NCOl "5 > IN CD COO COOO--I Ol^C^Tf *ooocoi *oo oo 2 TCi-ieOi CC CO C"3 ^* cDOiino co co co co OO5 *co p cjcjcoco CJNJJ2J CM>-c ^ fe IN > CO 00 C: CD OOT.^ 00 CO WO t-COTj< t^ CO CO CO OCOO5t^ - -~ - - OCN-Ht^ CD O t* t> >* SJ ot^oooo CO IN IN IN 1C -! lO CO CO CO IN oo oo co j r ^ _ CD>OCO>O OCOMOO CD CO CO CO CO-*(NCO *co COCO tOCN o 0) CNCOOCD *-*iO-* OOOU5OJ COt- CMOS *-*>o-* 00 CM IN t- Tt 69 S 2 2 3i ^"* SSS 2J.J3SS S=3 cog CM > t> Oi Ol *O ^ *O *-^ *H OO -2 N^COtN Tj.C005^ ^ rt 05 1-1 ri 'rt~^ ' '^^ ^0 C 8-2 t~t~coco onO Ol 2 ^ oo- oo "0.-I * . . . . b U -^^-^x^_- OCOOO3 rt^^ OOOOOOO 00 Jo manure. 00 jn t^CNOOCN OOt^O CO"O g COMOO'O COCOM"O CC 10 >OOO-*IM OOOOO'* IN.M CO 25 lOCOcDCD 1OCO"OCD b-CO O OCOOOO OOO3COO5 "OCO d -3 23 ^ScoS ^SS b! Wheat' iO"OCO*-* cNOOOCN t^t^ CNCNCNCM COCOCOCO COi-c harveste si ooo^o OJ^NCO ^.oo B 5J9^5T ^~~^ j-S? g i b-COO>O CNCOOTt< COTt< o . . . . ^'~^'~^'~'. ^^ .0 10 >> ^^^, CNC^CNtN i-H S o 2 1 \ a 1 1 1 S Plot No. Soil treatment 'An !p. 3. . IM . ^ ^J 333 | - !> - ! ^ ^'3 :J S OOOO OOOO O-" 'Lime only. 'No manure or potass 146 BULLETIN No. 273 ft, m H Q II 00 Ci CO oo o o 00 Ob 01 " d E O O OINOS-H 1 t CD O3 CO S "5 00 00 o ^ o o O !8I co g fr> INt-r-l "S o> 1 iSii 1 o o X S'c 9 1 6 F-KNU5CD ll a j 2 i 1 ^ 10 co o O3OOOOO S 03 O iq I K9 2 d a SS^d 8 a o 'S OQ PL -S ^ 5 KJ j < T.ma s.k loam SOIL MAP OF LA MOILLE FIELD THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 149 3 oco t- oo OOSOCO 0* C S5^0' U5CNCO- (^CN 2o CO B t^oooor- COCNOO O co co oo t oco 00 CO 00 --I 3 c IOOOO ^.^,^0 OS-l oco 23 COt-t-CO ssg $ t2. SOOCNOO C CO O coo CO "5 N S U5 00 00 i-l ooot^co *10 CN^^^ CM rj. CO CO 53 2 * <** OS IN COO coco CO CO CO CO co co co co JSO CN > -t re o x "o2! coo *000>0 cot--* co OOO '"'o CO CO CO CO CC CO CO CO coco O 5S5^ r~ co oo co ^?5 8-2 rtOOOt- CNOOTJ.CN 0^ a ^mooo cooot--* CO 00 1 2S t-t-t-t- cot-^cn COO o O ts COt-(-t- * 00 CO OS 00 CO CO 23 SSSS 00 IN t~ CO ss CNCN CNCO CO CN CNCN CNCN o or g t^ 00 CNCN CNOOOOO COO! 1 c: O c; o *CN "5 1-1 oo >o r "~ COOCOCN t~CNCOCO "5 CO b pCNOSCN l--OCt- cop !^H eg fcl iggf zszz 00^ mco U "S 0^ oa^r- CNCO S H CC per acn s'-s OCOO1CN coco o B 00 00 00 OS 00 OSOO OS 0000 -OCOO TJITJICOTC s " a a 3 2^ t^WCO^ OSO 1 CNOOCOO Ot-OCN S3 c i 3 CO 1 Q S-^Tl-CO C; co cc O >oco O a ^-^^-v_, * CNCO CO TfCNO'O ^ 00 dcdd J:^22 OS 00 cJ o COiOCNOS COt^t^CO S5SS CO-H -t H IN =3, O.^OS^ CN^CNCO CNCO Is oot-^os 50SOS-l 0-* 3 cs H OS oj CO?5OCO co co coco "3 CO (NO 3 t^ oo co oo CO CO CN 00 OS CO CO O OS IN IN CO CO 00 ssgs sess t-t- cs co oo t~ OCO OSO COCNOCO OSO co-* coo Os~ cN--Ost^ OOO*-KO ,-HT-l "0 CO * 'C i-i CNCN > TH-* ffl 1 J| 11 'o -Pn : ft^ S : : -O( ' ' : PM PH J2 0000 "5 CO h- 00 0000 tfo O-H -!! dtfrtol Scoo (N-NCN tfo OSO o ^^ CNCN 150 BULLETIN No. 273 fl Oi O t*. 00 i ' t 1 - Oi 00 !* Ci 1 t-OOMCO t^OSINOO mi-c 23 m a COOCOt~ CNCOOO-* OC'* s COOOCO U500OK5 OOCO if CNCOCOCO CNCOW)! COCN o "5h-MOO TfiaiC^ OCO *O 23 si os cc *oo t^ccoooo >OO5 OCNCOO OOOCOO5 OCC O CN^OOOO O5O1 Oit^iOiO CNOlOi-l COCO Sjj OOOOO CNCCCO^ t^-CO o 2-2J-2-SJ w XOOOO^ t^XOOCO O5i-H .^ . . COCDCO-* -^^ o O O O CO -^ iO X CO O Tt< 25 c 2o i-^OCOcD Ot'-OO t^-CO iCOCO^O OiOcDCO ^C^ o *t< t *C i t O5 00 CN CO O5 O 2? COMCOO5 CNOOOOO Oi-l lO 1 t,oocooo oo.ooo oo^. S3 OO IO Tf T}< TT 4O iO O IO CO "^^^ "SSS S5 IN"" t^CONO 00 'O "3 CO CJCM CNCN COCNCNCN CNCN U5CO1-K35 i-ccOCOO OSOO 23 00 I-H CN ^^ i-< o i 1 1 < O5 O -ICNCNCN (NCNCNCN i-iCN "c t* ic GC ' oc co co co oo o iO*Otf3CP COCOcOCD iOO 25 co^coS 5SSS SS o U M'lOt^.CO t>-OOOO C5CO cocococo co^coco coco -"3 : : : : : : : : : : : MI '0.3 "3. 03 c fc * 1? o i-HMCOf mcDt^OO OC ccoc ocoo c^ _ ~ ~ ! 'pJi-5 i-5 " d^22 drtPHP^ Ko CCOO OOOO O-H 1986] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 151 G - O i a *! ooot-oo a CDMCOO a CMOOOCO u E fifs 2"^ Scoco w* to cs 1 t^cDCOCN O 3 5SSS 1 _ co a >& So 00-* 00 CD eNi-tio) t CO CO tO a a CCO'*'* CO CD CD CO E o COCOAS COO5O!'-' 8 lOOOOCN gg tNO^N , g tO CO tOO 4) COCMCMO a COCNCD-* S3 di-n^Tji I| CM CN CM CO f CO OS OS tO CO CO CO CO O O S^OOOs oot--t>. 111 cocot-t~ CO CO CO CO "c3 O iHrHOOOO sssis a d SCOCDTf CD CO CO 1 OOOCD-* 800OCN Ol- t- l&l oToooo *M-CO-t> 1 *OS 1 ! 00 00 CN 00 r-.CG.g tNCNCJCJ, 5; 5 Pn-2 ^ t " t " 33 03 ~ ^ OiOOO CNi-HCOCD 3 OOINOOO O--IOOO tS OCOOOCN II ddt^od "^ ^-"-^^ ^ ~-^^^^ ~~* ^*-~>^>*^ PH*" 9J 23 SI 3 5sls cb o ^ a> s cocoood 3 3 !K:? d cs 3 OOO5O 3 owcoo 3 oTooS 1 3 C5 **H *^ "o o co CM' 06 ~n S.It Lo>m On T,ght Clay undy silt Wm. grayish phas SOIL MAP OF LEBANON FIELD Contour lntr.l-ll 154 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, 8 a K & Q i i fe -5 fc O fc S g s s H S s^g o g cocooco Wi-ct-oo TJI-^I COOOWOO Ot-CO"5 CO.-I o !NiNr1< COOlNTf OOOO "g COMflOJ COCOINW 00-* o 1 -^ : : i-ii-iNIN Wi-i COt~."CCO COCOt-C^ "SCO 1 Ol a 2d lNCOO5 (N(N TJ-COCOO INCO>O>O SOW 1 CS^NOJ OO-*O IN > O2 O co >o ao >o moos^ t^o MOO>O CDOOiO 1-1 CO "S OO'-iOOIN i-coOiOXS OOO COCDOOO ^ClOS^f b-CO a "O 8" -H^C^ rt^lN IN OSMCOIN t^i-ioocO O^* 10 c (N^OOOO CN^OXN WO ch bugs d 2<5 2S ^INCO"5 O3W^o t-CNOOt- t^lNOOIN t00 a 9 . V co {3 S d 2 00 3 <-H 0) 4>m >!N S J3 . l?o ""5 M IN M n, w, "" J. TCO5CNCO Oi-icOTtl OS"-! E OSW'-'CO INOO5W N.CO co-^r^to -.* eoco'O'-i mt^cooo cNi-< S L J 0^ Z&4 ' T3 2o COOOIN'-'J OC5^C<5 COOS CNTO-*-* COTIT)I Tt 3 mt^csoo ot^coo WIH 1-1 CM 0) 0) rlrtCNIN CO--" OOO OOO O -O *oot^oo o -o manure. 8 tons; an 3 t~O (NOO^O C3^;-5^ i^OO rtTjirtOO oia 1-4 M on co 2 o o * tl 11 3 O ^INN-H rH -7-1 COOC*1"J< T* * -O i^.Ti(Ni-i t~ -in c COt~"5O lOCOiO^ COCO OtOt^lN CO-H^CO CNO ll II S MW ~3 ^HOOW-* OOtOOOTjl O^> i o TjioOOOCD t^CO'OCO T)00 .- _ _ _ (NCO'f* TCM Z " " 1 O 5 COO5COOO (NCOCl-H IOOO COTjlT)Tt< Tf-tf-^tfJ IOCO C'o C-oo3 co^";co o^ CNCNCOCN CNCNINN CM CO . 2 >. > g^ fix 2^ p Oa c s S ' 5 u *i3 -jt "o o E : : : : :::' : : :% : : :% % 6Sss <=; o i-HNW** lOtOh-00 O5O oooo oooo o-< : : :% i : % % -JJ :>i5 ,3 ciSSS dtftfctf _o ^-ic^co'* iracot^oo oo occo oooo c CN!MMO4 CSC^C-ICS CNH "No soil trei 1923 stubble clo 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 155 S -IN <00 ot-co^. o 1 O^NCO -oocot^ U5-H 23 SSfcS COCNCOt-- CNIN h C O CO CCO ooooco' CO O C O OCCCCCb- ON cooi ooo N 2SS 63 o 3 cc~oooco co 10 oo oo 8SS8 CN "100 CNCO s > co^oooo ss???^ si 0) u ^5CS O SSSS CO (C CO CO CO IN M NCNint- C^H 1 ^(NUSW CNCNCOt- 00 5 co a OCOO^- CN CO CO "* lO C31 MCNINCO CO 00 CM t^ C1CO 26 CO CO i-KNCN 3fe 5^S^ P -tN 00 -CD 1 XH 'S 00 00 COO U5 CN O O IO O c 3 I >j o co 01 ^ T ' COtN-^ 01>OCO coco i-i per acre J3 P NCNCNCN rHINOCO COM COCMCO t~CO CO-^ujiS COCN ICOCC'-I COCJ 9 -~ K | C OJS o"S -I C " COCNINtN CICJ O "s c S2SS iNCOOt^ CN'-iC'liN >raooi-i-* 00 -H IN(N O c H Bushels "S O Soil treatment ap J2 COOO | : : : M otfrtei rto ocod 2 co co co co co co -.iO (N-*COO COM 7 o OINN M r-i <-l M M O """Is V COINOOO OOOOOt>- OOCO 49 9 COiCOO lOoOSDCO NIN .2 H _Q O> ^ TJ>^O>O OCOOSi-H C3r-i "-liNCOCC "-KNC^CO COIN ooSo ooPoo SS OOOC OOCCIN (MO ^t^.O-^< OCOOOS'H OO I-IUJIOTJI wus J2 1 lOtjiiom t-.io>co <* -KNINN ININNIN INN "-ICJOCD OCOIN'-l T-IIN (NINININ WINCOCO COIN 83 O5CJO-* t^OOCOOO rtO a t^^lN-H OOOiOCO N S<3 ss OiOCC^H NTJI-HO CO IN COCOTliMi (NiNOiO "-OCO r-Ji OIN *<2(O ^UJiOffl t^iO OCOO5CO 5DOO"Oi-l tCO 23 .2 b 5> COI^-'*'H lNr-O1 (NO M'CO'C'.'J TfiOcOt^ t^>O oo^" P O-*iN * JS i tOtOtOiO "OINOOO 00 LO COCOCOCO COCOCOCM INCO oo^coco o -IOOO t-i %Z o -^ 0] INl^OO-* t~i-!COi-l U5O5 b o goo-nS' Ss OJi-iO o o -'CO.n 00 d-SJ-2-SJ S3 C!OJOO'-l OOt^t^i-H ^!-l c co^Tf^H co-^omo loco CO^CNtO ^t^OUS tO> 25 1 "a & i-it^coco tO5o:Os t-itc T). HMCOCO (NNCOCO CO - Soil treatment "o d E* : : * '' : :% I ciSs citf rto ^-IINCO-* otot^ao oo OOOO OOOO O-" cocccocc cocococo coco : : : ! :% % -1 ll-i .Jlj ,J 6SS dtf o "OcDt~00 OO OOOO OOOO O-< THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 157 3 -i o S rH Oi b CO X a OOCOU3 I! o i:^fe?3 2 OS CO 00 00 o oo os os 'S* IN IN CO IN PH 1 ifi co d t- O H a 1 OS g CO CC O -^ OSINOSO (N CO IN CO c E O O "5 CO OS CO 3 "o W-HiOOJ O 02 PH 00 C ^OSCOh- rHOOlO-l >. ooofJog 23 3"SS5 1 o 'OCOcO'O O CO ft 4 PH 4 4 OOOOOO C COCS5>fl o CO t^ OS OS ft 4 II SSS2 o o Mi-lifjco "S "o co co od co CO 00 CO t^ ** o GQ PH I in a 0^000 '-'OCOCO a 03 oo cot- .0 5 - os o -O * CO CO CO "8 'o 8OINO -HCOOS .0 & ^222 > OQ PH OQ 5 I * -S CO CO CO IO i g b-t-cot- a Ot^COO) 5 11 1 So cot- co oo Ij d -i *' d co co co co o 1 co co os os Q oj 8 00 3 | o! CO ^> O--IOS-* c O(NOOO3 s CO to OS 00 5 P 2 c o "^ o GO _ _ _ _ INININCN feSSS 1 'OO'-'OS CO-*COCN 3 I 5 I IN a 3 OS OS i-l O Potatoes t coin co ll co co So ?J OStOOIN J IN IN O1 H QQ H 3 ^0 rtoloko x^^-,^-,^^ * ) si PH COCOCN--I i] Hid a E O O OC 1 CO 00 CO i 3 | i H 9 a 3 5 i 4 a 4 | B 1 i PU 4 * o o' oSSS 0*SS O^SS S* ifj 1C to O 000 CD CO CO Scoo 158 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, TABLE 52. LEBANON FIELD: SERIES 500, 600, 700 (1921-1924) Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1921 Oats 1922 Sweet clover 1923 Potatoes 1924 Wheat Stubble clover 501W 58.1 (2.68) 45.8 19.5 (1.75) 501E aP 58.4 (2.65) 52.0 28.7 (2.07) 502W M 33 8 (3 35) 70 5 30 (2 04) 502E MaP 37 8 (2.83) 62 8 33.3 (2.33) 503W ML 45 3 (2 50) 67 5 31 7 (2.60) 503E MLaP 49. 1 (2.80) 63.0 38.0 (2.70) 504W MLrP 1 52 8 (3 08) 67 3 28 3 (2 17) 504E MLrP 43 1 (3 10) 60 8 36 7 (2 64) Soy- beans 2 Potatoes Stubble Wheat clover Clover 60 1W 22 2 20 8 30 (1 03) (2 99) 601E aP 27.2 22 7 25 (1 10) (2.71) 602W M 21.2 30 5 29 (1 27) (2.61) 602E MaP 24.5 34 3 23.5 ( .82) (3.14) 603W ML 25.3 37.3 28 5 (1 12) (2.51) 603E MLaP 26.0 35.0 25.0 (1.01) (3.08) 604W MLrP 1 21.8 23.7 32.7 (1.34) (3.27) 604E MLrP . . 23 5 27 7 25 (1 03) (2 70) Potatoes Wheat Sweet clover Potatoes 701W 47 32 5 50 50 8 701E aP 65 26 5 .83 39 7 702W M 42 28 7 .33 47 2 702E MaP 66.2 26 8 .83 52.0 703W ML 44 7 29 2 .33 59 2 703E MLaP 53.7 25.7 .67 76.8 704W MLrP 1 . . . 52.0 36.2 .33 58.0 704E MLrP... 52.0 27.5 .83 89.7 'Residual phosphate on plots 504W, 604W, and 704W. acid phosphate. THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 159 LINCOLN FIELD, LOGAN COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 DISCONTINUED 1911 Location. About three miles east of Lincoln on the farm of Mr. John Zeter. A part of the N.E. % of the S.E. }4 of the S.E. ^, Sec. 33, Twp. 20 N., R. 2 W. of the 3rd P. M. Description. This field consisted of 2.1 acres of dark-colored soil probably neutral or only slightly acid in reaction. The soil was de- scribed, when the field was established, as Black Prairie Loam char- acteristic of central Illinois. The land was level and uniform in nature. It was thoroly tile-drained. The field was plotted into one series of 13 tenth-acre plots. History. The field was leased from Mr. John Zeter. The soil had been well taken care of and was capable of producing good crops. Corn was grown in 1901. Cropping and Soil Treatment. This field was planned for what was called a complete fertility test. Nitrogen was applied in dried blood at the approximate annual rate of 700 pounds until 1907, when crop residues were substituted. Phosphorus was applied in steamed bone meal and potassium in potassium sulfate at approximately the annual acre rates of 200 pounds and 100 pounds respectively. In 1902 manure was applied to Plot 98 at the rate of 30 loads an acre, to Plot 99 at the rate of 20 loads an acre, and to Plot 100 at the rate of 10 loads an acre. This application was repeated in 1907. Slaked lime was applied in 1902 at the rate of 450 pounds an acre, and in 1903 at the rate of 700 pounds. 160 BULLETIN No. 273 b ?S Tf CC Cx,-( 00 C^C^-^ CxCx "0 00 00 CC so IN 00'-' IN OOO 1 1 1 " O5 O So i s ifi-^iK I !!! 1 1 J OOOOO 1OCO CC'COCO COcOCO COCO CO O " OCOOO 00 OOcN O CO O OOM iri CO t^ CO OOOOO O '-' 4 4 4 4 4 o "55 OCO COOO * ^t"f 1 =i 3 *! E ~0 cSSS Of5 CO-HO MO-H P5O * % ^ S^s (N-^t^ O"3 OOt^t^ MCNt^ COt~ 5 & 3 O) CO "5 CO Tt"-* U50CCO b-U3CO OOO 5 I T CO c3 ^2 t~-*O -H^ Ot^O Tl 4 H 9 Soil treatment appli< s c d \ _B O 111 I 1 ooo : : : : w^- *ft jji 6 OOOO ooo ; 'Cu ' -^^11 -P-I C'H) H-!i-!i-4 i-)-]>-3 t^'S, OO OOO OOO O *-* l Growt 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 161 OLD MANITO FIELD, MASON COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 DISCONTINUED 1905 The Old Manito field was a cooperative field on the farm of Mr. Joseph Brenner near Manito. The soil was described as Deep Peat. The experiments were carried out on plots 2 rods wide and 80 rods long on areas of land covering one acre. No crop other than corn was grown on these plots. The treatments and the amounts applied to an acre are given in Table 53. Only two applications of these materials were made to the plots. NEW MANITO FIELD, TAZEWELL COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1907 DISCONTINUED 1913 Location. About four miles east of Manito on the farm of Mr. W. N. Sunderland. A part of the S.E. *4 of the N.W. *4, Sec. 19, Twp. 23 N., R. 5 W. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 12.6 acres, the soil of which was described as peaty alkali soil. The field was divided into three series containing 5 fourth-acre plots each. History. The land was leased from Mr. W. N. Sunderland. In 1906 the land was in corn. Some studies of the yields of this corn indicated variable results. Little other information is available in regard to the previous history of this field. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The rotation on this field was corn, oats, and wheat. Manure at the rate of 6 tons an acre to the west halves of the manure plots and 12 tons an acre to the east halves was applied to the corn once in each rotation. In 1907 potassium sulfate at the rate of 400 pounds an acre was applied to the potassium plots of all series. No further applications were made until 1910, when potassium sulfate was again applied to the potassium plots of all series at the approximate rate of 150 pounds an acre. These applications were repeated each year thereafter. One application of gypsum was made on Plot 4 of all series in 1907. It was applied in equal strips across the plots at the rate of 2, 4, 8, and 16 tons an acre. 162 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, o - S 2 S S 3 ama s 1 1 i ; 0) 1 1 : - *r .a 'S 1? 3 S - 1^4 H *^ E S S ro " s o E cT flT ro {3 193 00.2 g a s o! & a "? O C B c8 o S5 3 3 M (2 o '3 '3 '3 o ^ M M M fc o So S ~ J3 m IN a sma S3 : S Plot No. Soil treatment foi 1 None 2 None 3 Kainit, 600 Ibs 4 Kainit, 600 Ibs. Acidulated bon 5 Potassium chlorid, 200 Ibs. 6 Sodium chlorid, 700 Ibs 7 Sodium chlorid, 700 Ibs 8 Kainit, 600 Ibs 9 Kainit, 300 Ibs 10 None 19X6} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 163 CM a r^-ocoococo I o O t- C0005 -a t, us ususco l-H IN INl-HrH si o IN O CO CO * 00 i-( ^ CO US CO US CO f f <~ 5 o = CO US US TJ* ^ co # co co co us ^< us us d ou; us oo oo co o 1 CO u^ C^ 00 00 CO IN (Nt-00 O US US U5 00 CM CO COi-Hi-i t^ O OOt^ _- O h- OS OOOt^ 10 in CD co ro co r- u; co I-H co o o "a 00 t^- US 1-1 Ti< Tj< i-i 242 o >> o CSINCOTftio OS OOOO 301 None TO2W Manure (6 tons) 302E Manure (12 tons) 304 Gypsum 305 None 164 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, MASCOUTAH FIELD, ST. CLAIR COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 DISCONTINUED 1913 Location. About two miles northeast of Mascoutah on the farm of Mr. George Postel. A part of the S. V 2 of the S.W. % of the S.E. %, Sec. 17, Twp. 1 N., R. 6 W. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 14.5 acres of land, the soil of which was described at the time the field was established as light prairie loam, clayey in nature, with a clay subsoil about 19 inches deep. This soil was probably somewhat similar to that now known as Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay. The field was slightly rolling. No tile was used. The field was divided into six series, five of which con- tained 10 tenth-acre plots each and one of which comprized 12 fourth- acre plots. The latter series was known as the East field. History. The Mascoutah field was leased from Mr. George Postel. It had been cultivated a number of years previous, growing the crops common to the region, chiefly wheat and corn. In 1900 and 1901 this field produced 28 bushels of wheat to the acre. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The rotation practiced on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400 was corn, oats, wheat, and legumes. Catch crops of legumes were seeded on the residue plots in the corn when it was laid by, and inthe stubble after the oats and wheat were har- vested. For the first rotation an application of manure was made at the uniform rate of 8 tons an acre. Thereafter, it was applied in pro- portion to the amount of produce grown on the respective plots the preceding rotation. Phosphorus was applied in steamed bone meal at the annual rate of 200 pounds an acre, and potassium was applied in potassium sulfate at the annual rate of 100 pounds an acre. Air-slaked lime was applied at the rate of 400 pounds an acre in 1902 and 700 pounds an acre in 1903. No more lime material was applied until 1909, when limestone at the rotation rate of 1% tons an acre was applied. Series 500 was cropped with a rotation of corn, corn, oats, and wheat in what was called a complete fertility test. The nitrogen was supplied in 800 pounds of dried blood, the phosphorus in 200 pounds of steamed bone meal, and the po- tassium in 100 pounds of potassium sulfate an acre each year. The lime applica- tions were similar to those on the first four series. The plots of the East field were laid out to test the relative value of various phosphate carriers. The first application of the phosphates consisted of 400 pounds of steamed bone meal, 400 pounds of acid phosphate, 1,000 pounds of rock phosphate, and 400 pounds of basic slag an acre applied ahead of the corn in 1904. Subsequent applications were made at the annual acre rates of one-half these amounts. In 1904 potassium sulfate was applied to all plots at the rate of 200 pounds an acre, and subsequent applications of approximately 100 pounds an acre a year were made until 1908. In 1908 the practice of applying kainit once in the rotation in various amounts across all plots was instituted. Five 2-rod strips on each half-plot were so treated. The first received the kainit at the acre rate of 120 pounds, the second at 240 pounds, the third at 400 pounds, the fourth at 750 pounds, and the fifth at 1,075 pounds. During the next rotation approximately the same amounts were applied. Slaked lime was applied to the south half of the series in 1904 at the rate of one ton an acre. THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 165 2 Ot-U5ro^Ot- ) r ^0 ~~~3 S o 9SS2SSiS33S c 1 1^ C COOiCOOOOCWOcO Tj<^(MIMCDC2--t^CD "S _ O5 O ^ ) 4 B I o 8K3?38Sfc5 si o ~ ooaor.eooooi.e : is I ! c us IS is 8 s 1 1 II saasasssss o aaii;8G!98a93 o > H c H "a5 8SS85SSSS5 E o o s^sssssssa manui 1 " PQ co Q O ri ICOO X) ill ^ 10 00 t^ b* CO CN ^ ^ ~ =r =r ^ 1 S " 5> 6 oo 2 iO40Oif5(NifflinoO ^ o ' -i CN' r~ c3 0) TO us o CN o oo CN CN o oo 3 ? 83 i-i >> ^ CO 00 t o-^ -ICNTOCNCNINCNCNINCN o c " | OCNOCCOOOOiTOcOOO ^ 58SSSftSJo?S I i-iO ~O O'5 IOIOCO IOOGO CO"O N"T)N coh-'od odd rH CO1-I--I CON--1 NCO N OOCOO NOO T* 23 0000 NWO OONO t-t-co t o NON coco I-H NNi COCON COCO 00 N 1<> OONN CON OC NOO OOt~N ON ? rH CO CO rH i-c NCO' rHOJ OOCClO OOO' r-IO COr-N COCO "5NN tOO ON CONO COCO OOO t>O COCO -_ ___ ___ 14; SS 3 iQ lO iO *O *O ^C 22 1-1 1, ON O-Jl oo U5CO 10 * 23 2l I^O coco co OO (N(N (N--! coo coco O-* lOTft f* to-* CON CO-H ON .0-* O"5 2 * iu i-< IH >-IN COCO ooo INN i-iQ coco IN CO COCO NCO TfllO COCO g OS O ~3 O U5O U5O && -&O OO5 IO-* ON >QlO o 1 .. 6 A o. - ^02 O > o B ^r p rococo ; co 0^ S tOOOOOOCO 5 ocoost^oo co co ^? co co o u KSSSK o o ^^sss p CO OS OS to to CNCNCNCOCO o g * oc * to co OOOOSiO CO CN 00 "O CO OS CO-* CM CO ^G cira JS co-*t^iom to o: co CN co OOO IOOO o "5COOOOO p tNt>-OSOScO a 8 So DO'S ^CO^COCNCN CNOCNINO co co co co co CN OS 00 CO to o CO OS CO -HO OOiOOO Is co^noooor^ S ^CO>OCON 2 co-* oo to 1-1 3 1 O 2 02 * CNNCNC^S OSOO^Tf CO o! o SSfeSo o o^ooo g; ft W B 2 g ''-.-.If "S o O C5 00 CO CO CO CD iC CO CO u i-(i- f-l .-H O5 i g r i to co co os oo CNCO-*Tf<,-< i-l ININCN 1 OS^ OOCOTfCN a E OCNCO(NO 1 ssisi t-toO i OlOOOt-t- 1 COOOCOrJloO , n codecs co B ^H O t^- ^* t^ 1 ,q p ^^W^CO o tO CO CO-* CO IN (N CN CN IN JD 1 a 01 o - ^ ~- , ~- 1 OCNCN i-!00 a t- CO IN CO-* co co rococo 1 E"S 11 'S sl i IN co < ira ooooo Sdboo CSICMCMC^C^ ooooo ooooo 'Phosphorus or 170 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, MINONK FIELD, WOODFORD COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1910 Location. About one mile west of Minonk. A part of the N.E. 1/4 of the N.E. i/4, Sec. 11, Twp. 28 N., R. 1 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 15 acres of dark-colored loes- sial and drift upland soil slightly acid. Four soil types have been mapped on this field: (1) Brown Silt Loam (Muscatine silt loam); (2) Brown Silt Loam On Calcareous Drift (Clarion silt loam) ; (3) Black Clay Loam, poorly drained phase, (Loessial Clyde clay loam) ; and (4) Brown Silt Loam On Calcareous Clay (Grundy silt loam, calcareous phase). The land is gently rolling with a general westward slope. It is thoroly tiled and drains well except in lower areas. The field is divided into four series of 10 plots each. All plots are one-fifth acre in size, except on Series 100, where they are one- tenth acre in size. History. The Minonk field was donated by Mr. and Mrs. Bela M. Stoddard to the University for experimental purposes. The year preceding the acquisition of the field, corn was grown on this land. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard rotation and soil treatment methods described in the introduction were estab- lished on all series of this field. These methods were followed without change until 1919, when it was planned to harvest from the residue plots a crop of clover hay as well as a seed crop. In 1921 the return of the oat straw was discontinued. At that time it was planned to harvest all clover as hay. In 1922 the return of the wheat straw was discontinued, as well as the application of limestone until such time as it may be needed. In 1923 the rotation was changed to corn, corn, oats, and wheat with a seeding of hubam clover in the oats on all plots and biennial sweet clover in the wheat on the residue plots. At that time the phosphate applications were evened up to 4 tons an acre, and no more will be applied for an indefinite time. SOIL MAP or MINONK FIELD THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 171 ^ > C^ if3Oi lOOCCCO t**t*" OJCMOOOO O50000O IHIO " ~ ~* r* a C005COO 00-<05-* ^Irt 2 OOCOW^ rnacot- OO-i o o %%%% ^SS S5 CO S lOCOCoS rCXOOOO 00 O d 2'a 5S^ co-SSS S8 o O OOCOO-* O-*OOO O5X5 IN o! CC 00 GC O O CO CON 1 OCCOliN -*COiOOO OGiO COO*O^f O5i^l>i < COCO 2jf COCOCOCO COCCCOCO CO(N CO'J'COCO CNCOlNCO COM 00 00 W *O lO 00 CO >C 00 O cocococo t^co^^ cc ci 8 COCOCOCO COCOCOCO (N OOCO ti I F" js fe t 25 qo"6o*o o o *o w oo OO-^^O OOOO t-iO i-i M CO 4> S5SS S^c??? S5; oc^ a ooooooo t-oo ROCOCO rHOCNCN -*-H -H > O5 O X O CD X O CD O CO y' _] _-i oOcDO -r 3 N'M ss^s^s ct o g ^COTJ-CO OOt-^K OOCO 9 OS 01 "O 5J5c?c? SSSco S5 o O cot^ccr- cocococo coco ^ C3 OOOO'-'O OCOCN-* 0000 "3 r. : - ' . / _/i-"i 00 O ^^ CNCOCO'H OOCN-HIN COOO v-i^iOt* OO^C^O *O^ id500iO OCOCNIN COO (NCNCNIN CNCNININ CN CM COt^Ot* CO O tf3 M Xt^> ''ffl d o GCOiCJiCO COCCOS'I 4 C". ~t COCNWCO COCOCO^t CO 1 * O 03 '5 to ; : % : ;di CL( ccco ccco o < I M M M ! J H^ ij o'SO CO t* 00 C5 O CMNC-JM CNriMN (NO! 172 BULLETIN No. 273 S s x js * a XX3CN CO WOO! CN-* 'S oo csco os OOOCOrt CNO os 2u CO 03 ox oco Tt< cocoo CO OS OC CO OCOOt^- ROCOCO OOX-'l'OS CO 00 5CO CSCO J3 co ro os os IN TOCO CO t-t>- IN CM COOX-H co co co^< U5CNOSO -I N *co OCO N >-it~oot- CO CO IN CO is Oco cori o OJt^t^.^ ^tlOUJCO gOXTft O O CO U5-- COCO 8-3 x-*osos -n^-O'n CNCO a OCO COO 00 i CNCO I--CN 2o -H a *1<.-.i.'5 iS COIN o o 'S . CCCNOOO (N O "5 O"-i XCO CO>O icco I* b V i CSOOOSO CNCNCNCO O. Tj coo OS OS d "S SCX500 t>-t>-t OSOtN"-i -HrHt^-X cot^-t-t- OSCSINX ox t5 OrH cs o SQ Si CS-S T(-CO OCOX3-* CSCM CO>O 00 IN .a p k a i OS'l'-Ht^. t~ CO IN IN OOOO CO t^CO-HCN IH CM IN IN IOXOX tNOOO S2 xo OCO 2 ! Si," co co co co CN~OOOO co co co co t>.cocot^ CON * o 2 ININ^IN *o-*-^ o *^ocs CJ W5 o 2j *f B COOCOOO OSOOOOO OOOO> 0* KIN Hi o a os co co co 00 O^ OS O cscor-t-- COXO-H CSXCO CNXCOX ujco 00 OSIO 26 OCNCO'* *** mTji mc>) *TH-*Tt< OCC5 COIN o o C5CNOO-* >fi ts.TfO-* t~.COOU5 rjo Cij3 ,-i!-lU5b, 5I~->OOO coco a! OO"<-H .-(CO ~i t. ^ cu <-< > ifJiO^iO tcoioco M ' ^-^^-^ X ^^^ -r^-iO ^o J 3 lOiOCO-* COOOOO COT)< CS O "0 23 CNCJCJOJ CNOSiOOO 2- ' ' ' cocot^-o tN CSCN o "a lOOO-^ OOSOS 30 o o o o ^OCN CO CO CO CO 00 00 CO CO ia IQ m IQ T)< COCO S o CNO~* iO -^ O lO INOSiOO lO^Tj-rJI K2 "5-*i treatme applied '3 CQ "o 6 5* ; ;j% cbnii ICNCO-* oooo ' : :%' : :JJ3 dtftf O CO *- jO K PH So 3 coco : : : c^ . fc* : -hj^ dSSS '-eim-4' oooo : '' :%' d^SsS "-ocor^-x oooo M % J tfo OSO o ^^ 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 173 MOMENCE FIELD, KANKAKEE COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 DISCONTINUED 1915 Location. About three miles south of Momence on the farm of Mr. C. C. Porter. A part of the N.E. 14 of the N.W. % of the S.E. %, Sec. 6, Twp. 30 N., R. 11 W. of the 2d P. M. and a part of the S.W. % of the S.W. i x i of the N.E. ^, Sec. 6, Twp. 30 N., R. 11 W. of the 2d P. M. Description. The field consisted of two areas, one containing 2}4 acres and one 3^/2 acres. At the time the field was established the soil on the smaller field was described as Peaty Loam On Rock underlain with impure limestone at a depth of 2 or 3 feet, with about 12 inches of yellow sandy subsoil between the peaty soil and the underlying rock. The land on the larger area was described as somewhat similar but naturally more productive. The smaller area was plotted into one series of 10 tenth-acre plots known as Series 100, and the other area into two series of 10 tenth-acre plots each, known as Series 200 and 300. History. The land was leased from Mr. C. C. Porter. The smaller area was plotted in 1902. Previous to that time the soil was unproductive and grew only very small crops. The larger area was plotted in the fall of 1903. During that year the field was in oats. Cropping and Soil Treatment. Corn was grown continuously on Series 100 in what was called a complete fertility test. Fertilizers were applied at the following acre rates each year: nitrogen in about 800 pounds of dried blood, phosphorus in about 200 pounds of steamed bone meal, and potassium in about 150 pounds of potassium chlorid or potassium sulfate. In the beginning 475 pounds of air-slaked lime an acre was applied. No further applications of lime were made. Series 200 and 300 were cropped with a rotation of corn, corn, oats, and clover. Nitrogen was supplied either in residues or in manure. The residues, including legume cover crops, were made use of from the beginning, but no manure was applied until 1908. The manure was applied in proportion to crop yields. The phosphorus was applied at the annual rate of 200 pounds of steamed bone meal an acre. No potassium was applied to Series 200, but it was applied to the whole of Series 300 at the annual rate of 150 pounds of potassium sulfate an acre. Common salt (sodium chlorid) was applied to the north half of all plots of Series 200 at the rate of 600 pounds an acre in 1908, and again in 1912. 174 BULLETIN No. 273 g 02 w 02 Q a w I I fe w 000 OOOO -*INO ffll 01 CO CM Ol Of-ii-i ^ * i-l CNN OO OON O-^CO OOO CM (MM CO OO CMO Tt*O * ' ^1* CON O5O5 -H OO-l O>O O>-iCO OO>(N >O --- OO OOO OOO O^ 1986] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 175 z H S O 9 O CO CN CO 00 00 CO t--. CO 00 ^^0^00 cooo^oo ~ "o a "1 2-2 CN >O 00 I-H , CNCOCOC5CN OICNOCOCO a O a 26 CN CN CN CO CO CO CO CO ^< CN OCOCOO-I (NCNINCOCO CO ON CO CO CN o JS a 2u -icot^coio IN -< 05 10 CO 2 ,000000. OINCNOOCO i 1 SSS88S SStfa: SSS99 SSSfeS were s S?33 SSwSS CN^cSS^ OOJT-COOOO C5*--i 1 O5 CN i *iH o. 2-2 C3SU5000-I COOOCNWO COX^OOO COO-HCOW o O 2cS O) C COt*OOcOOO ^H N CN CN *O OCNOOOOO O O O ^ ^ %%%$% 5SSSS secured. 00 C '-ICNININ'H i-i I-H I-H CN i INMOOCNIN OO-^CNCO 1$%$$ OOOCOOOCN crop was 2u 0500^^00 -^CO^JOOO 2^S CNIOC3JCOCO CNi-iCNCNi-l 1 P. te ooooSoo O ^ CO O O 03 CO * -~^'*-' 8 26 10 "a CNCOCNCNCN (N CO CO CO IN ^ i li t CO CO COi^OSOOO COOOOCOi-i CO CO ^ CO , ^Tf^^CO o i S o 1-lF-li-l i-l r-lrH I-H IO * O "5 O3 IO 1-1 O Oi 5JSSSS; 3? c 1 1 Tf*OCOCO^No organic manure. 'Clove series and plowed under. 'Plowed 176 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, MT. MORRIS FIELD, OGLE COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1910 Location. Just outside the residence district southeast of Mt. Morris. A part of the N. V 2 of the N.W. ^, Sec. 35, Twp. 24 N., R. 9 E. of the 4th P. M. Description. The field consists of 20 acres of dark-colored loessial upland soil of medium acidity. Five soil types have been mapped on this field: (1) Light Brown Silt Loam, shallow phase (Tama silt loam, shallow phase) ; (2) Light Brown Silt Loam (Tama silt loam) ; (3) Light Brown Silt Loam, deep phase (Tama silt loam, deep phase) ; (4) Brown Silt Loam (Muscatine silt loam) ; and (5) Brown Silt Loam, deep phase (Muscatine silt loam, deep phase). The land is moderately rolling with a tendency to wash at some places. It is thoroly tile-drained and drains well except in some of the lower spots. The field is divided into eight series, four containing 10 fifth-acre plots each, and four containing 4 tenth-acre plots each. History. The land was purchased by Mt. Morris College and the citizens of Mt. Morris and vicinity and donated to the University for experimental purposes. Little is known of the previous history of the field except that it was in corn in 1909. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard rotation and soil treatment methods described in the introduction were estab- lished on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400. In 1920 a clover hay crop as well as the seed crop was harvested from the residue plots. Beginning with 1921 all clover was removed as hay and the return of the oat straw discontinued. In 1922 the return of the wheat straw was discon- tinued, as well as the applications of limestone until such time as its need should become apparent. In 1923 the rock phosphate applications were evened up to 4 tons an acre and no more will be applied for an indefinite period. Until 1912 Series 500, 600, 700, and 800 were unplotted, at which time a rotation of potatoes two years and alfalfa six years was estab- lished on these series. Manure was applied at the rate of 15 tons an acre for each potato crop. In the beginning, 4 tons of limestone an acre was applied, and thereafter the applications were continued at the rate of Y 2 ton each year, all applied before the alfalfa. Rock phosphate was applied at the annual rate of 500 pounds an acre before the first potato crop. In 1921 the rotation was changed to corn, barley, sweet clover, and alfalfa. The manure was evened up to 30 tons an acre, the lime- stone to 9 tons, and the phosphate to 3% tons, and for the present no more of these materials will be applied. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 177 S3 L'g nt Brown Silt Loam, shallow phas r-~-~il Tama stlt loam, shallow phase DLi^ht Brown Silt Loam Tama silt loam l'I""''l Brown Silt Loam I* ''4 Muscatine silt loam K'.'J Brown Silt Loam, deep phase r.'.'J Muscatme silt loam, deep phas It,'?' 1 * Brown Silt Loam, deep phase Tama silt loam, deep pha Contour interval -Hoot SOIL MAP OF MT. MORT?IS FIELD 178 BULLETIN No. 273 1 Tf< 00 _ - r ^ _. /" r - _ '~ ^r OcO c ^N^ N^OOO ON si 23 ^Ss Hiss ?S u 1 ^^^CO 1 ^ C^JOCfOO CCt> icoococo ooooco or* cc-^ccoo cotN-oo oo o tNCOPO ^H^HCOCO CO^H N if300CCI>- COOCOt^- ICOO 1 SNCOO Sxooo OT? *fe Q WC^C'CCO i-^C^CCCC CCN N > SSooS 8-i?E; Si? S ft Cs CC W CO t>- CC C3 iO O ) NNOTf OTI OCO O a *- W C5 O COi-HC^C5 COCO r > r i 2E O 1 OC^NIO ocooco b*M f H 1 23 28 " SSS ^sss ss? (NC^OICO WMCOCO COM 1 41 ! ! | t-r sf >-iNNN NNNN N i-i 1 ---j a " s "" ~ \ 1 i ^ ""O 2 i!!! JI 1 (3 t-OOCSC) O.OOC5C5 OI>- OOOI>"O COOON iCTj* H 3 ^ 1 1 23 t^-^HCCCO CiO rH '*^ C^O 3 tj C:O^ CONO1> ON ) 23 l s -CO'- H O COO^OC OC5 J3 O * Ot^Nt- 00 N 4 2J"S U5WNOO CO^OO^ , 1 oot^Tjtirj t-ONO coo s 5 TJ-^COCO WW-*^! TC^, 5 OOOCOt^ OCOCON -1O - t^ CO > ( O *O O 00 O *C c3 NCOO 1 OONCOC5 COOO a ~G 2-SSSJ. S rt S 4 i N - -HOOCO -^S5 ^ a CO 00 T}H Is CO 00 00 O i^ F-* M - ?SN 5^5^: 3? "S OONTfO OCONCO OO o o COTftOtO N CC h- NO S O O O CO b-COOOi-1 CON s i cs b TfNOO t^CONO "tO '8 t^OON CCcCCOTf ^.N PQ * - 1 ! 2 c ' 'SL ' 1 ' ^ Z ^ ^ ^ -~~ ~- -^NCOT(< lOtOt^OC OO OOCO CCOO O-* : : :%' : 5 ; % THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 179 a N 2 2 OSOt~t^ COOCOcN O"5 COf CO^ CS'J'COO OOCN I O O O OS CS -c<5OO5 PM t^t^oo -\- /.\- 6 ^<*n "5t~t- O^J< tDTl< *iT53>n t-osco WTJI MCOMCO (NINOJCO COIN OOcD(N "I OS CO CC I** CD *~vx-vx-^^-\ CO ^* ^ CO CO- . ^Tfl-HCO O =1 111 005 O OOIN iO CO >O iO 1C (O CD O CD *O C^Tjl-Hi-l OI^CO "-ICO So t^cOflN (NOO>O!O O5 8 K5O^>O t>-00^<00 OSU5 E O5M(Nr< OOt-t- ^O 1 "-lOOiOOO OO'HiOCO >HOJ 23 si OCOOCOt- t-iOOOOi-i OO M^iflO OSCO^iO "CM eccoocoo ot^woo r~H O a t^cDcDcO CDCD^^O Ot'* INCOCOOO ^iCiCTti U5U5 25 t~tom-* wot-to ^ji >Oit3U5io TJIIOT(IO "tuO d oO"-icooo KOS-^CC t-r~ '~l-I-^5 U2 O CD CD CD O 2 2 iOO5t'-< Tj<-H(NOO O>"5 1 CNCNU5CO OCOOCO OOCO 2o Ot>.t>. >OOCOb- W5 ^ "OCDOSCO t^COCNCO COO (NCNCNCO WCOCOCO COCO S^Pf-^io C^INNiO t~00 S~s "" - .^> " >>c cocococo cccococo co^j r>.roo^< ccioosto OSN CNMfNcN (N'-II-H^I I-CN tNCOCOCO COO>-ICO COO 2 roooeot^ IOOCOO5 ooo ri OCOOO iCiO'-iOO OOCO "J5 23 N-^WO Cit^OOiO i-llfl "s CO**CSOO "-IOCNCO CCN OS CS ~o TCWO-H OOOOIN OOM U5O>CO t-Ot-O tO 6 ^fiOCOO t^lN-HO OCO cocococo COM"*-* TJICO - fi ^ ' ' ' * ' ' jyj . . . ' .... jj "*! * O ES : U% j iJS | dsis deitftf 2o ^ C^ CO ^* iC CO h- CO Oi O COCOCOCO COCOCCCQ COCO :>s : :tL, tL, ' ' -1 ^ *.-(H I- >MH .|J,J iJ ciSSS o'rtrttf tfo -HtNCO^C "OcON-00 O3O OOOO OOOO O-c 180 BULLETIN No. 273 H S iri s 1 fe a: O S H S. cS S 5 H if ::25 i ^0^0 43 CM Q> > o ^ O Cu CO o w* Alfalfa OCOi-cf x 03 CO g isi V > (n ^ O 0) OOOIOS co 00 ecu; 5? 1 PQ CO'O'O'-'S 1 S'~~oio'S *O"5 sili OSOSOOO IN IN CO IN 1 PQ to* a a OOOOOIN co oo t^ oo 00000000 3 Soosw' IN OS COO 03 oSt* if g&ii 1 O oooooco 3 < Illl S.S 03 2 03 S 1 eo CN IN as Pcooooo CN i-l COO ^s 3 eg b-COiOW oico'-^co 3 CNCOCO'* 3 O> cJcoSS 00 1- "5 00 3 ^^^^ 'eg ^^^^ 4 s ScS 3 as to 10 co 3 * OrHlOCO "3 5 1111 ! cooooo 3 ^v^-,^-v^-x "a ^^^.s~. 3 ^^^^^,^^ S'* od oo co 10 "3 CO-^COb- "3 b* OS CO CO "3 "SO'tb- * H 15 b-iOb-l-, ifMrscoeo J "5 "3 CO CO 9 U5U)iO"5 CO 8 j oi 3 sf >-i ecxo 3 "e3 "3 * < < a __* 5^ s'a i a _. * 1 PH J^ ^^ PH' oSSS ois os'ss oSSS Is 6 1/5 lO IQ IO coop cocci Scop 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 181 MYRTLE FIELD, OGLE COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1904 DISCONTINUED 1909 Location. About three miles northeast of Myrtle, on the farm of Mr. A. L. Hench. A part of the N.E. *4 of the N.E. % of the S.E. V4, Sec. 3, Twp. 25, R. 10 E. of the 4th P. M. Description. The field consisted of 13 acres of dark-colored upland soil described in the records as Brown Silt Loam of the rolling lands of the lowan glaciation. The soil was described as uniform and sufficiently rolling to give it good drainage without washing. The field was divided into four series of 20 tenth-acre plots each. History. The field was leased from Mr. A. L. Hench.* Previous to 1904 the land had been farmed in a general system of grain and stock farming in which a large amount of the produce had been fed to dairy cattle. In 1903 the field was in clover and timothy. Cropping and Soil Treatment. A rotation of corn, corn, oats, and clover was practiced on this field. The phosphorus was applied approximately at the annual rate of 500 pounds of rock phosphate au acre. The potassium was applied at the annual rate of 100 pounds of potassium sulfate an acre. Nitrogen was applied to Plot 19 at the annual acre rate of 200 pounds of dried blood. Manure was applied at the rate of 8 tons an acre for the rotation. The first manure was not applied until 1906. Only one application of limestone was made; this was in 1906 at the rate of 1,400 pounds an acre. Soybeans were seeded in the corn on the legume plots on Series 100 and 300, and cow- peas on Series 200 and 400 for use as residues. TABLE 65. MYRTLE FIELD: SERIES 100, 20^, 300, 400 Bushels or (tons) per acre Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1904 Corni 1905 Corn' 1906 Oats' 1907 Clover' 1908 Corn 1909 Corn 101 L... . 56.2 57.7 62.8 (1.28) 30.4 32.8 102 LeL... ... 49.5 65.9 70.0 (1.45) 41.6 35.2 103 ML ... 53 67.5 70.0 (1.33) 47.2 37.0 104 LeML ... 43.0 66.1 64.4 (1.45) 48.0 34.8 10r> L... . 43.8 62.4 63.1 (1.42) 43.6 34.8 106 LrP ... 49.5 66 1 69 7 (1 85) 54.0 35 107 LeLrP ... 47.0 65.7 75.0 (2.07) 54.0 38.0 108 MLrP ... 51 2 61 7 67 5 (2 061 60 6 38 109 LeMLrP ... 47.5 65.9 70.0 (2.20) 59.4 41.6 110 L... . 46.5 63.1 60.6 (1.51) 47.6 33.6 111 LrPK ... 54 5 71 7 77 2 (2 23) 62.8 44.8 11? LeLrPK... ... 50.7 72.9 73.7 (2.20) 61.6 49.0 113 MLrPK ... 54 75 1 82 8 (2 29; 65.8 51 6 114 LeMLrPK ... 62.5 69.3 77.2 (2.25) 62.6 52.8 115 L... . 54.2 63.3 75.0 (1.96) 50.4 39.2 116 Le ... 54 54 9 68.1 (1.69) 38.4 40.8 117 LerP... ... 59.2 58.3 71.6 (2.14) 54.2 42.0 118 LerPK ... 54 57.6 68 7 (2.45) 56.2 46.4 119 LeLNrPK . . ... ... 56 2 72 5 85 (2 51) 54 6 46 8 120 0. .. . 60.2 53.1 56.6 (1.54) 45.0 28.8 'No lime, legumes, or manure. *No lime or manure. 'No manure. 182 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, TABLE 65. Continued Bushels or (tons) per acre Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1904 Corn 1 1905 1906 Oats 2 Clover*. 6 1907 Corn 1908 Corn 1909 Oats 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 L... . 56 4 63.7 (0.00) 77.1 (0.00) 76.6 (0.00) 76.9 ( .30) 76.9 (0.00) 75.5 ( .44) 75.5 ( .46) 77.6 ( .66) 76.4 ( .51) 75.5 ( .30) 80.3 ( .49) 80.0 ( .49) 75.5 ( .76) 75.0 ( .81) 69.4 (0.00) 72.7 (0.00) 69.9 (0.00) 69.1 (0.00) 69.4 (0.00) 58.6 (0.00) 70.9 76.5 83.9 85.3 70.5 70.0 82.6 91.4 92.5 73.4 80.1 85.0 87.0 87.9 80.3 76.3 82.3 84.4 83.1 61.0 37.8 36.4 42.0 41.2 39.8 42.4 45.8 54.2 54.2 43.8 53.0 52.8 56.4 52.2 42.0 38.2 41.6 41.6 43.6 31.6 52.2 54.7 50.9 53.4 47.2 49.7 58.4 56.3 61.6 50.0 54.7 60.3 54.7 59.7 50.3 55.6 52.5 47.8 57.2 47.2 LeL ... 59.1 ML ... 54 8 LeML ... 50.5 L... . 52.2 LrP . . 54 5 LeLrP... ... 52 2 MLrP ... 54.8 LeMLrP . . 55 6 L ... 51 2 LrPK ... 54 8 LeLrPK... ... 51.6 MLrPK . . 57 1 LeMLrPK ... 54 6 L... ... 53 4 Le ... 51.5 LerP ... 48 5 LerPK ... 41 9 LeLNrPK ... 41.5 ... 44.5 Oats 1 Soy beans 1 Corn Corn Oats Clover 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 L... . 52 5 .( 3 ) 79.4 52.9 75.9 46.0 78.0 47.1 77.0 47.5 69.0 39.8 67.5 49.4 72.0 49.3 79.9 55.5 79.2 53.9 76.5 43.5 69.6 48.6 74.1 52.4 77.9 52.8 71.8 52.4 60.0 33.4 60.1 32.3 58.9 40.5 55.9 35.8 71.8 53.8 60.0 36.0 37.2 37.2 40.3 41.3 38.4 34.7 40.6 42.2 44.1 40.3 40.0 38.1 42.2 39.1 35.6 35.3 36.3 30.3 40.0 35.0 ( .92) ..(') ( .95) ( .99) ( .60) ( .85) ..(*) ( .89) ( .71). ( .83) (1.18) .In (1.52) (1.47) ( .79) ..() ..(> ..() ..() ( .62) LeL ... 63.1 14.7 17.7 18.3 16.8 16.5 16.3 16.3 18.0 18.3 17.7 17.0 16.3 14.8 16.2 15.2 16.5 15.3 17.5 12.3 ML 57 4 LeML ... 57.4 L... . 56 8 LrP ... 56.9 LeLrP ... 59 7 MLrP ... 58 8 LeMLrP ... 59. 1 L 59 1 LrPK.. . . 62 2 LeLrPK ... 61.0 MLrPK ... 55 9 LeMLrPK ... 60.0 L... . 53.8 Le ... 52 8 LerP ... 62 2 LerPK ... 56.3 LeLNrPK ... 55 6 0. .. , 54.4 No lime, legumes or manure. 2 No lime or manure. 3 Crop destroyed by woodchucks. 4 No ma- nure. 'After harvesting clover, cowpeas were seeded and growth plowed down. 'Growth clipped and left on plots. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 183 TABLE 65. Concluded Bushels or (tons) per acre Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1904 Timothyi 1905 Corn> 1906 Corn* 1907 Oats 2 1908 Clovers 1909 Corn 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 L .. . (1 90) 21) 19) 94) 09) 10) 99) 97) 97) 91) 81) 84) 68) 87) 64) 68) 55) 68) 92) 61) 60.9 59.5 63.3 60.5 61.6 68.7 63.5 69.1 63.5 59.5 69.2 67.5 68.9 64.8 56.4 52.1 57.3 59.2 78.3 62.0 63.4 60.1 65.8 60.8 62.9 63.4 62.5 68.1 64.6 66.4 63.0 58.6 58.1 50.9 53.9 46.3 52.4 54.8 80.1 66.4 30.6 30.6 29.4 28.1 28.8 29.7 34.7 30.9 35.3 28.1 30.6 32.8 30.0 33.1 28.4 28.1 34.7 34.1 38.4 31.3 (1 (1 (1 (2 (1 (2 (2 (2 (2 (1 (2 (2 (2 (2 (1 (2 (2 (2 (2 (2 98) 98) 94) 08) 97) 37) 35) 27) 37) 94) 47) 63) 37) 48) 85) 03) 39) 54) 46) 15) 37.2 38.6 46.8 44.6 37.2 46.8 45.4 49.4 50.2 38.4 51.4 58.0 57.8 55.4 46.6 44.8 47.2 54.6 58.2 45.4 LeL (2 ML... , . (2 LeML (1 L... . (2 LrP . (2 LeLrP (1 MLrP (1 LeMLrP (1 L... . (1 LrPK (1 LeLrPK... (1 MLrPK (1 LeMLrPK (1 L... . (1 Le (1 LerP . . . (1 LerPK (1 LeLNrPK (2 0... . (1 'No lime, legumes or manure. 'No manure. 184 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, Location. About l 1 /^ miles west of Newton. A part of the E. ^ of the N.W. y of the N.E. %, Sec. 3, Twp. 6 N., R. 9 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 30 acres of light-colored loessial upland soil of strong acidity. The land is uniform in both soil and topography. Only one soil type is present, namely, Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay. The land is tile-drained except Series 400. Owing to the impervious nature of the subsoil, the tile did not materially improve the drainage until the scheme was devised to use the tiles as sewers and conduct the surface water into them thru a system of ditches and catch basins. The field is divided into twelve series, six of which contain 19 tenth-acre plots, five of which contain 10 tenth- acre plots, and one of which contains 5 tenth-acre plots. History. The Newton field was purchased by Jasper county and the citizens of Newton and vicinity and donated to the University for experimental purposes. Little is known of the previous history of the field except that it had been in timothy meadow in 1911. Cropping and Soil Treatment. A rotation of corn, soybeans, and wheat, with sweet clover seeded on the residue plots when the land was in wheat, and cowpeas when in corn, was established on Series 100, 200, and 300. The same rotation was established on Series 400, which was not tile-drained. The soil treatment on these four series has been similar to that described in the introduction, except that dolomitic limestone passing a 10-mesh screen has been used entirely on the limestone plots. No large initial applications of limestone were made on these series. In 1920 the use of cowpeas in the corn was discontinued. In 1922 the return of wheat straw was discontinued, as well as the application of limestone until further need for it should become apparent. A similar rotation was established on Series 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000, on which it was planned to study the effectiveness of different forms, kinds, amounts, and degrees of fineness of lime. The odd-numbered series (500, 700, 900) have received applications either of high-calcium limestone or of burnt lime, and the even-numbered series (600, 800, 1000) have received either dolomitic limestone or the corresponding burnt material. Plots 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 on all series have received 500 pounds per acre per year; Plots 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 have received 1,000 pounds, and Plots 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 have received 2,000 pounds. All applications were based on the equivalent of pure calcium carbonate. In addition to the lime on these plots, all have re- ceived residues, rock phosphate, and kainit in the amounts and manner 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 185 described in the introduction. The main line of tile which runs between Plots 16 and 17 across these series may have some influence on the yields of adjacent plots. The above methods were followed until 1920, when the rotation was changed to corn, wheat, and sweet clover. Since this time the wheat straw and sweet clover chaff have been returned. The corn has been entirely removed. In 1922 the limestone was evened up to a total application of 3 tons on the plots receiving light applications, to 6 tons on the plots receiving medium applications, and to 12 tons an acre on the plots receiving heavy applications. No more will be applied until the sweet clover shows need for it. In 1923, soybeans were drilled with the corn on Series 700 and 800. The beans were harvested as hay after the corn had been cut and removed from the plots. Series 1100 and 1200 were tile-drained and treated with limestone, rock phosphate, kainit, and residues in accordance with the methods described in the introduction. These plots have been used chiefly for plant breeding investigations. 186 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, / / ? Q g ^ 1 L K i Eg g 1002 P.J.PK a RljPK 1 1 |4 1004 1 R(.PK 4 RllPK -4- was UtPK B RIJ.PK I 100)6 RIJ.PK a R|PX iod? I- 1JPK a ^1 IOOJ8 1 a R{PK IOCJ9 RlPK r^ 1 RllPK -H ^ [ 9I|| P!JPK IClll 1 W|PK 1 9 '4 1 MPK lOlp 1 a i 1 I^PK a RllPK lOllt 1 K|W a KIJPK 1 - e=- T?1|.PK 4 i i^ 91? f T?(.PK IOI|7 T?|}PK a RLPK >:.> S o OIOMO N TjOCO i-Hi-KNiN M>c iN-^tDO oooc? o -KNINN ocoroio O-*'OtO CO "5 CO "5 oco (NrH IOO ,4 i I >> o o>^ SS'O'i? OtO Pooo ^o o^ si <^s O NO 1-HN SfoooS" CON--I 00 t^>ocot^ 0>O oP O CO ^^ d do' . . 00 (N 00 00 ooo MINOOO o NM< oog i-iaajj 2S *toor~ OOOtOtO to <00 o O "S t>. IN CO CO co>ooot^ OOOONrt COK5OO i-l om 23 *T-"OOO 00 IN .q i ^N Mco TH 1C ^"8 COCO 00 -iNfO1< 0000 'di :^ oKS >otot^oo oooo w % J rto 2 '%' '.JJ o'SSS i-OOI^OO coco CM rt cj M % n3 tfo oo O ** INN CO- 1,1-11 EC 188 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, a i| oco>o COTfOSt^. oooo -^lOOOtO >oco 00 T* Sfr 1 03 32 00 IN-* 00 O-*> e OOCOO lOCONt^ ooo-* >OOt>-N ooo 00 IN 2J 32 TjHt^1-lO NNO-* 51>O3O W*OO com OIN o 2u 2S OOrHON ,HNiOiO t^PSOO oo cocoes i-KNCOCO U5OOOCM r-oo f5t-< IN CO 2* 111 ** s rtrHO-* OOMiO^ OOt~->C"5 O^fOtD >OiO OCOU5IN OiH.SOUS TjitDOO ^ i^S CO'* (NOO 26 CO a> c^t^-i-irq cowccie^ i-ilMif5Tj( OCOi-HOS O T*tO 25 2*1 cotooco IMN OCSOO^ OO--KN "OOOOU5 rHrtN WU5 IN ^><5 ^xO 2w^ 22 (NOtOfN OlMOO'l" tO IN S3 CO CO "C IN O!C tO IN co a CONOM t^Ot^OO Ol> 3.3 rt i 2*1 e^t-H>s oowo OOCON C5O NN coooioh- -Hi-iNN NOONO CO U5 00 OS CON CO--I 00 Tf 26 ~* a NNCON 1-1 - 1 "- 1 COOS III 22 1-CN NOoOtO -IN CO CO 00 CO ooooo'^ 00 IO N NO to to to 26 OOoON i-( CON NCOOOO coo 2 *. ONN>-i N5 "- N tO CON CO ^^ 00 CO 26 IO 03 00 OS 10 N NCOOON NCO M IZ OOONN CO IOOO 22 00 ..*^ OOO COO t^t-0000 00 >O NO 26 NCOrtrt -i O 2*3 fiU P. J-2 v-5 5 a 'S CO 5 ' 0600 0000 M PH NJ So OO O ' THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 189 OI"-t~OOCO OCOCO^-COCO OOt^-OOCOO CSCNINCNCNIN OCNCNCNCNCN O co' W CO Co" CO O CO OS CO t~ O CN t~ CO OOOOOOcNO OOOU5CNININO CN O CO * CO 00 00 CO COOOOCOINO OOOOOINOOlNC IN TK IN CO CN IN TH CN CO CO CO CO (N * TJI T}< CO CO i-i ._ _5f~COOt~O OOCOt^OCOO CN CU > OO-^'-i'-'CO OceoOUJi-iuS OUSCOi-iOOOO O! IN O CO CN 00 1~- t^OOOUSt^cO OCNU3OOCOCO .-. . IN t-- US 00 00 OS 1-4 o to' -H < 1 m 00 fl OOCNIN*J4COOO CNOOOCOO INOtt<-, OOOOOCDi-i N.OIINCDCO OOCNCOOlClt _ S -nO 1-4 CO (N - OS 00 00 CO -H 00 CO "5 >H CO W S '-T - . .lOO'OWJ b-C^fNOt^-O COi.NCSObCOCO CJO'S CO "'"X? COCOt-COUScN OCNOlNOUS I^NCNOOUSUSO 22^ CN a foooo-*-* ocooooooo TJI CN Tj4 oo o co o M O5_O UJ 00 OS O 00 00 CO OS 00 l>i * OS i-i Tji U5 *' co' --4' 2 a a a a a a go is * go & - 00^3 ? _o_d S 1 " 1 o p' _O p-Ot! t, ^ 'S p p -H CN CO -^ us CO N- 00 OS O ^* CN CO * >O CO t^ 00 OS gggggg ^^^ 190 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, CM 0> > O O CO >O m rH O "5 >O CO >O 00 COOOiCOCCCO C3 * O OCOCOCOCOCO INNCNNIN CO CO N ~}*M I s * IN ^ CO CO CO C5 Ol O C*l t* i i 00 p CO I s * *O >O C5 r TjfCNCMOOOO OOO^tCfNI' OOOOtCONTjOCOr-Ot- OCOOh-COCO OOt-COt^OO - J O > O'OCOO'CO iCOCOtCOOOO Ci-HCOrtOO os ^ q CCOCOOON 00 r- 1~ CO IN CO CO "5 00 U5 b- id i -i CO IN lO >O 00 tC^OOCMO a 00 C OONINOOO 00 O <*< tO IN 00 (NOINICINOOO ININCO i-H iH rH i-i IN N COOiOCO Ot^lNt^iNO IN 00 K5 00 00 CO ! w co co co co co O'i'CCOOCtO TjiONOtCOO So pq ^. -- iCOXNOOCO CO C O t^- >O 00 CO N CO C^ t*- lO CO O5^3 dlOCCCi^W W ^Hf-l ^H 1-Hl-t 1-H O1 C^ Tf 1C 00 ; ~ P "3INCOOC1CMCO O 03 CO IN CO IN CO rH rH rH rH rH rH O) rH IN r-J CS| IN *' TO "8 2"c WOiOC^OCCO CCCOWOCMO IN n % I 1 - O3 to M CO Cl .-H r-i (N IN -< OOt~-iOOsOO3 - CD o; oo t- Is OOOOOCO to CO CO * *J> * OiOCOMMOO CO5iOC*5N "5 w oo oo >o 10 co co ~^ co Oi ^* Tf (N -a ~i 8"fi (N^iOOOO -iNINIMINM D"O5Ot^tOO I t- b, N IN N-<'-OOO owt-oot-t-- Tj< U5 * M C<5 CO COOOlflOOO co 1-1 N n TC to as o t~ co >o oo co f- > t~ (^ * 00 00 00 O-00 ^ to >o ^ co co >o " 2*S OOOt^lNt^lN IO3ONINO >O "O CO t l>- CO t !T o * *! Ol - O O Oi O O -! 1-H CO 1-1 N O N i-n- * IN t^ rt^ja M a OCOCOOOON C>J IN N N T)< cq t N Tf IN ^ 00 ^< r. O -o N^H-Hdl-l 2ia High-calcium 19 limestone Co t (meshes pel per inch) ' a a ?<=>*'f^ f~> Og otJ-B K .^-^oo^ .O to t 00 O5 gl &8 "o 2 ?3 "1 II 192 BULLETIN No. 273 * g ior~or-t^ re IN 10 oo N eo rb-re>ooN(N to^t'-roO'-i C^I-COSN- $ wujioro'reio aiQiQoDQaS oooooooo'cco - ?oob-o> reooib-oooo recsoooooc "jQ toc^to^c^to to to oo o o to Ntufe ooooooooo oc-i^ reNMlNC^N WMNPJNIN OJ N N pq N 1-1 W IN S O O O5 fl tOOOtCINOOM NINOtO^fOO to d IN W 00 *< to S e 00 08 "OOOOOb-b-N OOt-b-OOt-b- I-H O O-Q OOf IN3C^ tOiOiTOIN b->OtDO t-> TJ< ^ re N t>- totoiNh-ajre lOOiNootppt T) OOINTOMOO ~ftv Os '2*2*2 2rtnrt2 ^rt^M^rt" " al (N IN IN O * -f * IN * TJI e-w'aic -ts^OOc -S rt OO H l|l'" ^ --* (^ * ' (*, uuJi^.T^m ^ _ ^ - : S o J 00 NW^iOtO b-OOCiO-HIN re r)< U3 tD b- X C! OOOOOO OOO -i . .,-.- -( C xxxxxx occx/xococoo ooxooaocwoo 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 193 u 2*. a "*3 OS O CD ~U a High-calicum limestone eshes per inc G~o 5 'pl^ t is a =5 SZ O CM CO 00 "* -^ CO * CO CO <*<(< <*< 00 to CO 00 to C i I 00 O to ii CO tf5 IO i- t 00 ^ . ^* OS t* OS OS t*- i I ^ ^* CO CO CO ^ CO CO M CO 'C CM SCO OC 3-i O' >-HI-I OS to t~ 00 OS 1-1 O 00 00 to 00 CO * tOOOINOOlNIN O * CO O 00 CO CO to' co t^ oo' co * 1-1 1-1 IN co us < t~-OOt- O i-< CN CO O >C OS CO 00 OS O: 00 CO OCO-IWCNOI OCO^tCOW3U3 Ot*t*tOtOO OOO"5(N"500 4CSINCNCM i-i CM CN IN IN IN rH (Nt^lNt^COO COININIOOCO t~ 00 CO CN IN fi O CO CMOOCOOOOOOO ^ to t^* t^ 00 OS 00 OS OS OS CM *~^ 00 O 00 CM CO ^ 00 a a * ^ 0" <= TJI Tjl ^1 1 a a * * O O ' "" S KKXKKK KXKKXX& -< IN re t< m to 194 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, OcNOOOIN OO^-^OO^OO CO 00 00 CO 00 00 OS r O~*t~*?<-O OS M CO IN 1-1 1"- co "5 5 o -* us -- us us o co -H us oo co 1-1 co co -* i * o CNd)> O * O *-< O O O ^* ^H O O -< i i ^ -i i i W CN O OS %^ COOOsOOOO CO OS OS 00 1- us 10 CO (M r~ 00 CO OS >C5POOOU3 o i^ cooot~t~oooo H> i-i CN N IN -< IN ^((NCNINCNIN IN IN (N N C^ i tN <-< US IN 00 CO h- t~ IN !*J' ts _CO fa tt3 TjiiNOOINiNcN ^O'^OOcN'^' OOOOOiN^OO 1 OS r *' *' *' us' US t ft 4> t 00 CO O , ^ ,O cooooo 00 OS o CO CO OO-l ,CNOOO O5IN lOCN *- M - > '* i-iM oo cx> o co CO 00 CO OS OOSOO"O CNCO CM OsO 2 * 1-11-1 I CN co>o CN 0213 * b 1-1 & s> oocooo ooo, OOO-i , o coo o 4S QQrt 1 OO-H I (O l^-O 02 1-H CD oo oo o . CO CO 00 1~ ,000-1 CO, 02 ^ O 2SS I ICNN 100 co Oco OOOIN 8 ss~~ SS~~ V_S a ^o-o. ,00 CNCO 00 >O 01 o 1 1 1-H CO CO i-HCNIN CN O Osg ,00 00 IN ooooo COCO 13 COOOCN I 00 "5 -CNCO CO -i-( CO CO CIO CO I 00 CO jq i 1 lOOCOCN I CNCN CO COt^O-" OS -i OOi ICNWCO O"5CN O OINOSO i * co CO I 00 C? *! O,OS 1 ii-HCOCO CO oS lOO I I ICN CNCO CNO **** co .3 -IOSOO-H OOCNCN roo , CNCN o a COUSOCO CSCNCNt^ ,"5 CO CO OCOCNO COCO COO 20 I IN CO CO COCOOOO I COCO s o U O) O OS CO CNCN CO CNCNOJCO CNCNNCN 000 CN-H 3f OOCNOCO 0,co, coco 'S NOO-HCN ts.ooNt- 00 I SS OiOCOOS coooooo CO CO, "5 ooo loco CNCO 43 "!!! lOOOOCO ,OO> i IOCO 00 OS CNINCN IN. 00 ICO CNCN CO ^ t^t^^^ 1 - - M ' > 1^" CN CO CNCO CO OlOO OCNiO coo coo 3 CN^^CN .0,0,=, CNOS O 23 OOINO OO o CNO a O la _ i-r. NCOCOCD IOCOCO"5 10 -I 23 -i CNINCN CNCN CNCN HO COIN a ^O ICNCO, OOOO IMCM (MOJ IO CO t* 00 OOOO CM OJ CM IN CL, 3 tfo OiO MCN 198 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, "2 o 1 >> s s OCWOCO t~-HCit- t-CO ^5 >, ooaco oooioo xo OOOOi OOOOit f-^O co "S !u ^j a> > OOCOt- OSOCOi-i -HU5 al a !!!: !!:: :! 0^0 ^CQU OO O (NOi^OO COCOCNCO OOi-H o c r-( i ( CO CO i^CSCOCO CN > I co^t^oo 100010^ t^co ^H rtrt rtrt^tN CNi-H o 03 00 ' ' OS O CO < * O i ' CSOS OiCOOOO OOrtCOOO COCN 23 O 03 CN * COOtN COOCNIN OOOO J OS'OCO'O COt^>-H>O COCO I-Hl-IOJ 1-HrHININ CNi-1 ^^0000 or>.oooo t^S OOOO Ot-OOO CDO II 1 1 ! 1 o 5 CO 00 *O CO COt^t^O i I CO S g -*_* tJ o ,,, ^ jj . 03 OOOIOCD Oi-l^OO CDO 00 I __ 11 a COOOOO COOOcO'* "cCtN 25 OOOlNOO COOOOO OO o o 0] a> OSOJOO b-COOSCO OOh- 23 c* 0^ CNCOOU5 il treatment applied GO J2 ' *^H *Q^ 2 Jdd : ^J J3 OOOO OOOO O-H 5 dd ^*i - OOOO OOOO OI-H THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 199 gj S^H "S oco >,c s" 2 . I-I N ' SJs M "^ ^1^ CO o OM O"* ^^ co~ _o > aS S >^ 3 O lH "So c o E 1 ^ 02 "3^- IN Q) O5 ?5 6s ^ o ^0( 03 6 Q ^ fe^ "^ fico u OS l|2 o >0 IS 6S ffl" "83 s OS i 2 co *-< E *^ -2 =o 5J" s ??''" S OfJ -3d 03 "* ^^Si < S | f^K flj 00 O5 c r. ,90 ** S 5co" &if] O 1 " 1 a! <;' PH ^^^ Q | I ^5? " c ^ W | i i a* Oi *5j sl* <;--' d|| oS a Is to 23 c7 2 c BiH s 1 O3 IS 11 ; ON H^' O "^ PH B a -~, s O s S CO Is o d 1 ^ Ot- p^ rt W^IN H s S S co ^go M . PR 2 S3 gg 03 "S 6?5 /* ^ PH CO S l *o E. 1") OS 3 < O C3;o 030 o_J Q^ PH S S OJ S ^^. od O ^^ >>C^. 5 O" PH JQ la o tss v O, "*^ 83 'S M M PH PH * J2 < n Q 200 BULLETIN No. 273 ODIN FIELD, MARION COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 Location. About one mile southwest of Odin on land owned by Mr. Charles Morrison of Odin. Chiefly in the S.W. 14 of the S.W. %, Sec. 14, Twp. 2 N., R. 1 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 20 acres of light-colored loessial upland soil of strong acidity. Three soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay; (2) Gray Silt Loam On Plastic Reddish Brown Clay; and (3) Yellow Gray Silt Loam. The last named type is found only on a very small area, while the second named type is found in a larger area in the northeast part of this field. The land is fairly level. A part of the field is tile-drained, but owing to the impervious nature of the subsoil the tile has been unsatisfactory. The field is divided into eight series, four of which contain 10 fifth-acre plots each and four which contain 6 tenth-acre plots each. History. The Odin field was originally leased from Col. N. B. Morrison. Since his death the lease has been continued with his son, Mr. Charles Morrison. Little is known of the previous history of the field except that it had been in meadow for some time. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The rotation chiefly practiced on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400 has been corn, legumes (cowpeas, or soy- beans), wheat, and clover. Until 1922 the clover was alsike, soybeans being substituted if the clover failed. Since that time sweet clover has been used instead of alsike. A part of the time cowpeas were seeded in the corn at the last cultivation. The first five plots in each series were not tile-drained, while the last five plots were tile-drained. Phosphorus was applied at the annual rate of 200 pounds of steamed bone meal an acre until 1923, when the total application of the bone meal was evened up to 4,800 pounds an acre and was tem- porarily discontinued. Potassium was applied at the annual rate of 100 pounds an acre of potassium sulfate until 1923. At that time the total application was evened up to 2,500 pounds, and plans were made to continue the application at the normal rate only on the south-west halves of the plots. In 1902 slaked lime at the acre rate of 475 pounds was applied to the limed plots and in 1903 an additional 2 tons was ap- plied to these plots. No more lime was applied until 1908, after which it was applied regularly at the annual rate of 500 pounds of limestone an acre to the northwest halves and 1,000 pounds an acre to the south- east halves of these plots. In 1922 these applications were temporarily discontinued until further need for lime appears. Crop residues and cover crops were regularly plowed down on the residue plots. The return of the wheat straw was discontinued in 1922. From 1907 to 1919 the northeast half of each plot was subsoiled when the ground was plowed for corn. 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 201 Series 500, 600, 700, and 800 were originally plotted as one series of six plots running the long way of the series for the purpose of studying the relative value of various carriers of phosphorus used in equal money values on limed and unlimed land. A rotation of corn, oats, and three years of clover-timothy meadow was first established on this series. Cowpeas were seeded in the corn for use as residues. The phosphates were applied at the annual acre rate of 200 pounds of steamed bone meal, 333 pounds of acid phosphate, 666 pounds of rock phosphate, and 250 pounds of slag phosphate. At that time these amounts were of equivalent money value. The first application of lime was at the acre rate of l 1 /^ tons to the southeast halves; subse- quent applications were at the annual acre rate of 1,000 pounds. Potassium at the annual acre rate of 100 pounds of potassium sulfate was applied to all plots. These applications were discontinued in 1913. In 1922 this land was replotted into the present Series 500, 600, 700, and 800. Limestone at the acre rate of 1 ton was applied for the first time to the originally unlimed areas. No more limestone will be applied to these plots until there appears to be further need for it. No limestone was applied to Series 700 and 800, which were originally limed. No phosphates have been applied since 1919 and no further applications will be made for an indefinite period. For the time being a rotation of corn and wheat with a sweet clover seeding will be prac- ticed on Series 500 and 600 and repeated on Series 700 and 800. In 1905 seven small plots were laid out along the southeast side of the field to test the value of sweet clover as a leguminous green manure. On the first three plots a rotation of corn, cowpeas or soy- beans, and wheat has been practiced. Sweet clover has been seeded in both the corn and wheat and plowed down as a green manure for the succeeding crop. On the next four plots the rotation has been corn, cowpeas or soybeans, wheat, and sweet clover. In this rotation the sweet clover was allowed to stand over the second year for use as a seed crop. The sweet clover chaff and straw have been returned to the plots on which they were grown. Limestone and bone meal have been applied to these plots in a manner similar to their application on the larger series. 202 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, L2 E ID THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 203 e* hi "0 2 2S -100 IN IN CS oS COOOOCDO OOOOt-t-CN CJ 3 00 00 CD-i IN CN CO CO 00 CO CO i 1 CO *O CNCOCO^OO COOSOCOOS O U 8 ^,^s^,^-^ CO IN -i OS 00 CO =1 t~t> 00 CD IN fH 1 1 1 1 O4 CO O O 00 O OS O O 00 i-HCNCNtNCO t^OOsOCO 21 o n CO CO "5 00 CO 1- '-!--. 2c3 1 ile-draine i-iOOOOOiO CO IN IN CO CO drained i i o *P co co os is 1-1 O *" tH 3 X -3 and Tile- H 75 H) ^"^ 2*3 S! 14 CO 00 OS 1-1 >O U5 1^* 2 2 7" i 1 CO OS OS O 1-11-1 d g i 7 a o a 02 ^ o J^^J obboo :M _-l CO W ill 50*0 3S 1 72 OS -0 Plo No. COWOOlflTf t-OO-Ot- .Hi-icOINO 1-1 IN Tf^t^OOOO _ >~r- c oo ooooo co -iiiCN-ilN CM IN U5 00 IN -,CNCNIN iicNCNCNCO O-iOOOcO OOMOnOO ICNININCO O 00 >O CO "5 o cNi-io O 1-1CO-* o,oo,o--<_ oo oo ^ CN o ~-" '^^^-' . OiOt^C 26 24,S m "3 * * i-c t~ i-l * "5 OJ IN IN <*< 00 <> *** t^ i-H 2^1 1-1 "S -it~Oi-it^ i-Hi-KNININ COOOOCCIN IO CO IN COM r-HrtlN O> t^ * "5 CM 05 J3 P 2^g U5 10 >O COOS WOO CO 00 t T^ CD C3 Cl CO 1-H1N CO 00 CO t CO 2*j| s OOWSOO'H OSCOCOINi-i COCOO500Tj< U5COTJICOCO 26 oSi i- i- <- r- CVICONCOCO r^ as 1/3 co co lOCOOi-oO CNCNW*iO T. ind Tile-d rjt-i-i- *CO"5COt^ "Oa 1 i 3 TjitDt^OOO 3 COCO^-ir). ^^ 1C to * tD 00 o ot-* t^ w O (N 10 CM IN OS IN OS 1-1 CO "o I-H^rt III . CO OS CO "5 O *> o O -H ^ csi OOCOCOO3 osrt t^lOf^-HM ^^ os 00 i i-Hi-lWCOCO CO 00 * CM 00 i^ CN CO CO CO 15 S 26 co | le-drained OOOt^CSCO rH CO * CM CO CD 00 drained CMOOOCOO OS"3OOOO 1 Not Ti OOOOt^ H o i-iCOININ CO CO OS CO 00 others. 2 *. 2 3 F-HOCOU5O3 3 i-H-HCMCMCO CO 00 00 t^ CO 3 k B g c 2co^ a c *s "B "3. ri = o c cr. e S g Plot No. Soil treatment obbc o cct^oocso o o c o C i o o ~ 1 g 1 c e X THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 205 < OOSTjIi-tOO fOSOtOt*. 2^1 22 CO IN IN CO CO COOONtCO TON"5T(!< ftO COJ^5O tiO-HU5O IMOS'OO'O -HOOOOOt~ 2^1 si 1 ItOOTfl l>- 00 CO T* I-H totoot-c^ * to CO IN sj g;S 1-1 1- to IN 1< -H INCOCO TjiiNOINOO (O-*-HO MCOIN * O3 O * >O 2^| E t^WOUSOl CO * O O * CO CO CO >-i * tocootoo 26 (0 o> 1-1 oo co to CO CO CO ^ CO OOOOt^INO lNCOOCOi-i 25 Sa I Not Til. COO5OO5'-H cj I-H co co co I-HOO^H^tO and Tile- *-*(NtOi-i OXNINNCO *> tO 00 O5 1 26 0^1 c s i4 CO 00 * * to & & * T* to O-HNU3'* IN TO < * to 26 i o lot^oot-"; mootoco O5 O -HO TJ .s A a C5OOOOT)! t^OOUJtO Soil treatment a "o o EZ : : : : : . &<&, . ;-= . oPnPnnPH -H C^TO'J'iO OOCOO co cc cc eo co : : w : . PUO, . . ^2^2 ->Ji-!i-I o'sisrt tCh-OOO!O OOOC-i co co co co co -f C ^ CO a; i IN > 01 1-1 CO "o 3 01 5: 5 02 1-1 OS o s 26 sJ 1 a ?' '5 g ^ 1 B ? 4 2 _;*-:*-; c boo 5 XXI tct^oocso oooc co co cc co co 206 BULLETIN No. 273 o co co tO OS g '3 a ] IN CO 00 tO 00 "2 a '5 ^.-^^v-'^ -S H o i-i 11 IN CO CO to b- ^)< 00 r nd Tile-d OOOCOtOOO i-ii-NCO(N 1-1 * CO 00 1-1 CO C | 00 CO 1-1 OS OS IN CO rJ OS o 1-1 CO" "3.2 OS OsS 26 oo fe OS o IM O5 i-H 1-1 1 I O5 s^a 2| 26 S i| "S 5 o! "S 41 la 'o CO _0 OCOi-it^O ooiOTfoa N-O2Ca t^io IN>OCOCCIN Nl^OOt^ CSNt-N * CCO3OTOO M rHC^rt ^< ooao>o OOt^"Ot^ OJTfOiCTO 1-HIN -ITJ< SOWCOf oooooo OOCOINCO OoS'in'?!' OOOOO5 OO N '^S??C5'O OOJMI^ SS^^_- COCOOOO5 oo^.^^. OOOINtOOJ -HOOO"5CD i-< INC^N OS I-H 00 00 * i-iu;ciitD -Hi-i01lNO rH CO CN b> OCsOCOOOS OcOOl^COCO 2 S _'_<' -H -H .H^H^^H^H Ol-HOCNOl-H O-HOl-H 1-H - P l-H- 13 & H - 1 o "3O5COO500O 1C CN CN O3 Tfl i-H CN -2 H 00 CO O i 1 1C C3> 00 IO 11 i-H O CO T^H -"O CN CN i-i c<3 CO O -H I-H IH H -H CO o CO 1 a H 23 iCiO-fOOCOCN OCNOOt-i-H CN 1^ 1* *O *O CN tVQ o * iHCOiOC^COOi /3t"-HioO!3i oo i i CO 1 1< CO 1i 00 1i CN t> CO CN H~ OS 3 C5 1< 00 C3S CN ^ > ' I-H T}< IH coi '. rH .'-'5. H H g si ^ w o b > O5^ O OCNCOO"O t^COt-Ol1 t?? o. s S i t>- - ...s 1* 00 CO i OS I-H O *O I* ^ 00 cOOSOOi-H OS CN 00 I-H OS 1< | il"J 2i-il. cc i i O3 TH 1 o .s Slj CNiO1O O U3 1i CO O 11 1* 1* CO CO 1* *O TH 1-H T-t 1-1 PC < H EH 1 Soil treatme applied ^5. '.*, % Ifcfe Soil treatme applied : : ^? ^% ' : ^ & 1 ^ 5 fe*fe^ W ^>^> S 2 i-Hitc^CNCOCO T^liiOtOCOCO oooooo oooooo e % 208 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, TABLE 73. ODIN FIELD: SERIES 500, 600, 700, 800 (Replotted from original Series 500) Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1 1922 Corn' 1923 Wheat' 1924 Corn 501 LeLK(bP) 36.6 17.5 24.0 502 LeLK 24.6 6.0 27.4 503 LeLK(aP) 32.8 14.5 21.6 504 LeLK(rP)... 32.6 13.3 29.2 505 LeLK 21.2 6.2 23.6 506 LeLK(sP) 30.2 16.0 42.4 Oats' Corn Wheat 601 LeLK(bP) 1.9 10.8 22.5 602 LeLK 1.6 7.2 1.0 603 LeLK(aP) 1.9 9.8 18.8 604 LeLK(rP)... 1.9 8.8 10.8 605 LeLK 1.9 10.2 .7 606 LeLK(sP) 5.0 17.2 13.5 Corn 1 Wheat 1 Corn 701 LeLK(bP)... 20.4 24.7 24.4 702 LeLK 20.0 24.2 28.0 703 LeLK(aP) 19.8 19.8 33.8 704 LeLK(rP)... 19.6 18.0 40.8 705 LeLK 23.0 18.7 45.8 706 LeLK(sP) 25,2 21.2 26.4 Oats 2 Corn Wheat 801 LeLK(bP)... 6.6 35.6 17.2 802 LeLK 6.9 33.2 18.8 803 LeLK(aP) 7.8 35.0 17.2 804 LeLK(rP).... 7.5 28.8 18.3 805 LeLK 10.6 29.2 15.8 806 LeLK(sP) 7.5 29.0 21.7 'On all series potassium and phosphorus are residual. All plots of Series 700 and 800 have received a total of 16,000 pounds of limestone an acre since 1904, and no more lime will be applied on these plots until the sweet clover shows its need. All plots on Series 500 and 600 received an application of 2000 pounds of limestone an acre in 1922, and future applications will be governed by the growth of the sweet clover catch crop. 'No legume treatment. TABLE 74. ODIN FIELD: SWEET CLOVER PLOTS Bushels or (tons) per acre Year Soil treatment applied Three-year rotation Four-year rotation Corn Soybeans Wheat Corn Soybeans Wheat Sweet clover 1906 RLbP. 1907 RLbP. 1908 RLbP. 1909 RLbP. 1910 RLbP. 1911 RLbP. 1912 RLbP. 1913 RLbP. 1914 RLbP. 1915 RLbP. 1916 RLbP. 1917 RLbP. 1918 RLbP. 1919 RLbP. 1920 RLbP. 1921 RLbP. 1922 RLbP. 1923 RLbP. 1924 RLbP. 38.3 46.8 48.0 24.4 32.7 .7 3.9 28.3 24.0 30.7 23.3 24.0 51.5 58.3 39.2 39.4* 41.3 25.3 8.0 54.4 11.1 7.3 ..(') 7.3 2.2 42.0 1.7 18.4 14.0 5.5 .7 . . ( 3 ) 54.7 19.4 .6 5.0 3.3 12.8 ..( 2 ) 22.7 12.8 27.8 2.2 10.0 24.4 32.8 20.7 19.7 49.3 47.3 8.3 26.1 7.2 17.2 12.5 16.1 ( .83) 11.1 59.5 68.4 10.3 2.0 59.7 19.8 19.7 2.6 7.7 66.7 24.0 22.3 41.7 61.7 (1.60)1 (1.39)i 8.8 1.5 5.0 7.1 18.6 3.9 4.4 1.7 8.0 11.1 .8 ..(') 21.1 11.1 6.4 23.9 13.9 32.7 ..( 5 ) 30.0 . .(') 27.7 ..(') 25.5 ..( 6 ) 70. 3< 6.90 17.2 ..(') 40.8 23.3 24.7 2.2 39.2 23.0 26.7 ..(*; 28.1 35.3 12.2 11.7 3.60 .83 2.78 1.25 1.94 6.11 3.42 .36 .83 iCowpeas. 'Crop failure. 'Crop destroyed by grasshoppers. 5 Unthreshod sweet clover plowed down. 4 Oats grown as a substitute crop. THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 209 OQUAWKA FIELD, HENDERSON COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1915 Location. About one mile northeast of Oquawka. Chiefly in the N.W. y of the N.W. %, Sec. 22, Twp. 11 N., R. 5 W. of the 4th P. M. Description. The field consists of 20 acres of terrace soil of strong acidity. The soil is mapped chiefly as Dune Sand, Terrace (Plainfield sand). A small area of Brown Sandy Loam, Terrace (Plainfield sandy loam) is present on the north side of the field. The general topography is gently rolling. The land slopes sharply on the north side of the field. The field is divided into six series of 10 fifth- acre plots each. History. The Oquawka field was donated by Mr. Alex Moir and others to the University for experimental purposes. No information is at hand regarding the previous history of the field. Cropping and Soil Treatment. A rotation of corn, soybeans, wheat, sweet clover, and rye with sweet clover seeded on the residue plots was established on five of the series, with alfalfa on the sixth. The alfalfa is allowed to remain on this series during one complete rotation of the five crops, when it is shifted to another series. Sand vetch was seeded in the corn on the residue plots until 1918, at which time the practice was discontinued. The soil treatments applied on this field are similar . to those described in the introduction. The manure application is divided, a portion being applied ahead of the corn and another portion as a top dressing on the wheat. 210 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, Dune Sand, Terrace Plamfield sand Brown Sandy Loam, Terrace Plamfield sandy loam Contour imer*ol-lfoct SOIL MAT OF OQUAWKA FIELD 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 211 ' 1 gi 3C O ! * O O CO O t^ OO 0] oooc^t, cocotoco too "8 ^ COCO OOlMCO N g i-ilN"5^< I-II-CTJICO IO f J "a J= "If CO *** 3 X *o o r>- o O PC O ooo o oo o oo ooooo oo 'S 0) s o OO0 -CO 43 00 ^ O CO 00 b CD 00 O CO c;*2 '(NlN OO n-< NO OOOOO (NiOOO tOOO jgj oooo^c^ t>t^oco -^10 "2 00 g ooooco oooo coo OOOOrH OOi-iO "5O >>s i i O O O ^ 10 I-H O l^ ^ c OS iO CO O ^ ^ ^* t^- t* CO L 03 ^ ss^c. ss^.^- cs "o 0;2 coco^*o ^co^^t 1 co^ c COTt-tO^ 5 t.uJCOCO 3^ ^55 "3 S ^ 0000 oot^co r~c> OOO*O OO 1 1 ^ OsO 1 tomooo oooito o^j< 3 ^O 00 P O O O OO VI 2 OO OO^ C? "S 00 00^-,^-, ^^ D: SERIES v acre 00 OJ ^^C5(NOi OOO^OfO rH(O ll 00 OO . . -to ^.^tCG. " '"""' '"'xJ- 02 0) I - - ~ CO O 00 o ^a 1 o H & cs W 00 ^H O M*CCOO^ M O5 ^ OOOIN-* E w S s 'S Ol 01 > O5O OOOfO "CO O>OTJH OO O O ^ 1 HH 02 u OO OO O b s ; f^ 3 t^ o> s > OOrCt^- OOOOO (NO H ta V ; S X CS O CO O CO M C^ to 00 > _o "3 - 1-1 02*0 * ^^^^ ^ 00 00 r* O ^* C^ 00 O C*l c 'ter swe 0- OMWTf THCOMiC OOO * N . .T . rt^oi .c S^OOCC NO COO t*^ i-KNCOiO N - GO 00 Oi O -< c o o 5255 -s'55 -'5 K cisss 2's's's s'J5 beans see *f~a coo-n t-toos-i CCIN _ <303l--K OONT*. OS(N *a o *o ^ o 10 co oo *o co o> 1 o o -0 "S oa e. 'Crop failure. Is n 1 ' w 3 e 0% "Z-2. " a >> ,0 d oooo oooo d -H c^ CO *F lOtDt^OO OO oooo oooo o t * -,' ^3 * . t* fct 'na * Jhj t-3 c'SSS di^tftf rto ooco oooo o - 'Lime on down on resic 212 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, Tf ^t^O(N i-XNCO * <-HOO a C 1 COCD "5COCNCO -*(N C --00 CNOO-* tO> 3 w S eooooco ooocciN eo CNCN CNCN CO OO OO COO co "S oo oo o COCOOOO 00- CNiCCOCO CNCOCO COOS "! . - 05 . CN'^-IC' ^t - o CNCOCNCO O t^CO 1CCN O GO N ~^**^^^ > ' ^^ sj ^^00 CO 00 CD CO i i O 1-1 *-f*JOCiO3 CNOOCN OOCJ 09 cfi 2o CNCOCOCO CNCNCNCN CN CN PS 2-- 2^^2 222 11 2 S >> CNCNOCO OOS * a tcc'S'co' o CN co co coo" S3 C 2 1C- V CNCNCNCN CNCNCN CN o O | OOIN O5 CCCOCNiO CN <; o ft 2* rt o O . t^t^oooo' o .COOO .- 000 < 0) *t CNTj-OOO (NO3 00 OOO i i-fCMC^CO t^XOOOO WW ,, C3-C C CO ic CO t^ l-l-!-'~ '^ r - J2 O CO O C3 a ETJ "8-2 i ft 8 1 ,2 6 : : : : : : w d ' tjh -' ^ OOOO OOOO O y.^ ^ : s s occc cccc d *> 5 s> (-^ ^^ I**" ' v * rfi ^ ccco coco o 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 213 PALESTINE FIELD, CRAWFORD COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1919 Location. Just south of the Township High School in Palestine. A part of the S.W. *4 of the S.W. %, Sec. 34, Twp. 7 N., R. 11 W. of the 2d P. M. Description. The field consists of 16 acres of terrace soil of strong acidity. Only one soil type has been mapped, namely, Brown Sandy Loam, Terrace (Plainfield sandy loam). The topography is undulating. The drainage is naturally good except for a deep hollow in the southwest corner, where no plots are laid. The field is divided into five series of 10 tenth-acre plots each. History. The Palestine field was donated by the schools of Pal- estine township to the University for experimental purposes. No infor- mation is at hand regarding the previous history of the field. Cropping and Soil Treatment. A rotation of corn, soybeans, rye, sweet clover, and wheat with sweet clover seeded on the residue plots was established on the five series. The soil treatments have been sim- ilar to those described in the introduction. L .1 nnfU Mndy him Contour interval - 1 tot SOIL MAP or PALESTINC FIELD 214 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, TABLE 76. PALESTINE FIELD: SERIES 100-500 Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1920 Corn 1 1921 Soybeans 1 1922 Rye 1923 Sweet clover 1924 Wheat 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 25 2 6.3 8.2 8.5 9.2 7.8 8.3 9.8 11.0 9.8 8.7 9.8 10.0 11.1 10.9 9.3 10.2 10.5 12.1 11.8 9.6 0.00 .10 .41 .38 0.00 0.00 .13 .31 .41 .10 7.8 10.2 14.8 16.7 8.2 9.3 15.3 17.8 17.0 7.7 M 25.2 ML 24.6 MLrP 21 2 . 21 2 R 22 2 RL... 22.6 RLrP 29 2 RLrPK . 31 24 2 Wheat 1 Corn Soybeans Rye Sweet clover 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 0. .. 6.8 22.4 6.0 21.0 7.7 24.0 7.8 22.2 7.2 19.2 7.0 20.4 7.2 23.6 8.7 19.8 7.7 25.8 8.3 19.8 6.0 10.9 12.1 12.3 12.7 8.9 9.3 10.7 11.8 11.9 10.5 0.00 0.00 3.17 1.83 0.00 .17 4.00 6.00 6.17 0.00 M 6 ML 68 MLrP 6.7 0. . . 4 7 R . . .... 6 RL 62 RLrP 5.5 RLrPK... 50 4.5 Soybeans 1 Wheat* Corn Soybeans Rye 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 0. . . (1 01) 11.7 10.8 9.8 8.7 8.2 8.3 11.3 11.0 9.7 9.5 26.0 24.4 26.4 25.6 13.8 18.4 33.0 36.2 37.4 21.6 20.2 20.3 23.5 25.3 16.0 17.7 26.5 27.2 27.5 17.0 13.2 13.8 14.3 14.8 10.4 11.4 15.3 15.7 15.9 12.0 M ( 89) ML (1 00) MLrP ... ( . 87) 0. . . 5 7 R . ... 6 8 RL 10 2 RLrP 90 RLrPK... 9 ... ( . 90) Rye 1 Sweet clover 1 Wheat Corn Soybeans 401 402 403 . 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 0. . . 18 6 0.00 00 .50 1.50 0.00 0.00 .33 .17 .83 0.00 25.0 22.8 20.7 24.2 18.0 15.5 22.2 22.0 23.3 17.3 15.4 10.8 5.6 5.0 9.0 15.0 12.0 12.0 12.2 13.8 (1.05) (1.10) (1.18) (1.28) (1.05) (1.10) (1.30) (1.33) (1.48) (1.03) M.., 17 1 ML 13 9 MLrP 16 8 0. . . 15 R 13.0 RL 15 5 RLrP 15 7 RLrPK. . . 17 7 13 9 Soybeans 1 Rye 1 Sweet clover Wheat Corn 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 0. . . ( 72) 8.8 8.9 9.5 11.4 12.1 10.7 11.1 10.0 11.3 9.6 0.00 0.00 2.17 2.50 0.00 0.00 2.67 2.50 2.67 0.00 7.0 9.5 19.8 25.0 11.5 12.2 23.0 25.6 26.0 6.3 20.4 26.2 33.4 38.2 25.0 27.0 31.4 32.6 33.8 25.0 M ... ( .80) ML... ( 85) MLrP ... ( . 80) 0. . . 5 R... 5 RL.... 62 RLrP 6.0 RLrPK... 6 3 0... ( .83) 'Minerals only. *No manure. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 215 PANA FIELD, CHRISTIAN COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1912 DISCONTINUED 1924 Location. About a mile north and east of the Illinois Central and Big Four passenger station at Pana. A part of the N. */ of the N.W. %, Sec. 15, Twp. 11 N., R. 1 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 29.31 acres of dark-colored loessial upland soil of medium to strong acidity. Three types of soil have been mapped on this field: (1) Brown-Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay (Putnam silt loam) ; (2) Grayish Brown Silt Loam On Tight Clay (Grundy silt loam, grayish phase) ; and (3) Brown Silt Loam On Tight Clay (Grundy silt loam, tight phase). The land is gently rolling, flattening out toward the west. It was thoroly tiled, but did not drain well on account of the impervious nature of the sub- soil. The field was divided into five series, each of which contained 16 fifth-acre plots. History. The Pana field was donated by the late Captain Kitchell to the University for experimental purposes. Little is known of the previous history of the field except that it had been in timothy meadow before 1912. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The original rotation on this field was corn, oats, clover, and wheat on four series, with alfalfa on the fifth series during one complete rotation of the four crops, when the alfalfa was changed to another series. The soil treatment methods were similar to those described in the introduction except that the order of treatment on the last six plots was varied some. These methods were followed without change until 1921, when the return of the oat straw was discontinued. In 1922 a change was made in the rotation. Owing to the differences in soil type between the flatter and the more rolling parts of the field, corresponding somewhat to the land occupied by Series 100 and 200 on the one hand, and to that occupied by Series 300, 400, and 500 on the other hand, it seemed advisable to plan two distinct rotations. A rotation of corn and wheat was planned for Series 100 and 200, and a rotation of corn, oats, and wheat for the other three series. No manure or residues were returned to the land in either rotation since the change, excepting the legume residues grown for the purpose. Biennial sweet clover was seeded in the wheat on all plots in both rotations, and in the three-year rotation hubam clover was seeded in the oats. The application of limestone to the limed plots was discon- tinued. A single application at the acre rate of 2 tons was given to Plots 2, 6, 11, 14, and 16 of all series. In 1923 the phosphate applica- tions were evened up to 4 tons an acre. 216 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, "- a -LI 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 217 > C >OOOOCN OCOiOCOOOOS COCOM"OOOCO 23 ItcN'J'O OOi-iCNCNO -H CO OS tO OS t- tO to to CO to CO to CO CO ^ to ^ ^J* *O Tf ^J< o - i-NCNO t>. H t~ TJI CNCNCNCO CN CN IN CO CO CN CN CN CN CO 1-1 ri ii <8S as o. :::% jnUj I&H ; b ; -M ; _ _ t, k. i i a .(-3hH(J . PH ^ , hJ t-J H-i hH . .tJhJhH . fe OH . k . , . CS '*5*?<* *LJ -J ' S^^*?5 *lj '^^S ' " " ~ ' < S S S 'J o o> s> o> o> o> cp a> a> o CUCDVCU i _ i 1. . C- ttUOSCDQSCD CO _____ t-1 i_j ,_) ,_! ,_, i_) i_J hJ ,_) i_] i_3 >-5 ___ |J)^i_,p-ii-5i-^ i-]p-!i_)h.! i-)i-) M S to t~ ** O CO CN CN *O to -^ CN to OC 00 CO *O > lOi-ieoos osocooor^-t^ (N'HM'CC'HOO 2o 5SSS SSSIoSS SSJoSSco CNCNCNCN CNCNCOCOCOCN CN CO CN CN CN CN O5" OscNCOCS T)< CN * CO t^ i-i COCNCNOSt^CN Ostot*t>. to -^ T}I CO 00 CO -i tO i < tO *}< CN a "5OSOCO t~ OS 1-1 't 00 OS CNCStotOCO'H OOCOCO t>. 1-1 00 ^JH 00 00 I-H 00 CN >O 00 1-1 w -i o O CNCOCOCO CN ^ 'I 1 1" "5 CO CO ^ tO ^" CO CO os -r S d ^;?3 22^^S SSSc^cN 1 i 00 CO M* CO t* t^ OS OS *O t^. *O CN Os CN CO 00 Oi-iCNCO OS to 1-1 CN IN CO t^rtOOOOS ' COCOCOCO CNINCOCOCOCN CN CO CO CO CO CN 2S OCNCNcN OS 1 *"5^00CN tOOOOOOCO 1 * 1 OCOCOO -*i-HOi-HCNS tOt^I^OOCNO 2> CNCNCNCN rt 1-1 CN IN CN I-H rH IN IN < CN CN ^ * CO ^* ' CN lOtO^tOOOCO T- O ^ CN i-* * < ^2 OOCNt-tO lOOOOOOcD^H TJI t to 00 OS OS OS^ CNCNCNCN CN CNCNCNCNCNCN COCOOSOO COCOCNCOOCN f~ CO 1-1 O t Tf CN CN WOOCC'HOOCO 2o tOtOtOto tOtOtOtO^tO tOtOtOtotO^ o O (Ni-HCNCN rH CN CO CO CO CN 1-1 CN CO CN CN CN U5C l ~ S. 1 ~ 'C CN i < O 00 Os 00 O ^ t^ to t*~ i ' i-iCNCNOO tOOOtOOCOrJt i-H M< CN >O OS t S3 OtOt>-t TJI T)< 00 >O 00 CO COt^O"5O'-i CNCNtNCN CNCNtNCNCNCN CN IN TO CN CO CO OS COCS^^ OS 1-1 CO CO CO to CO IO to "O N. 00 CNCNCOCO CNCOCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCOCO m 00t-i- CO CN ^J" 00 US CN V E 5-*"3CO CO 00 i-i CO to 00 C3OCOOO500 OS^ co ffl s ^ tO^OOc? OOOCNOOCNOO So5^Hto''HCo' tOriCO^< tOOOSiOOSCO CO CO -^1 TJ< t^ CO O O I- Tf CO "*" O ^< T(l IO CO CO CN * t- IN To ^-~~~,^, ^ -^^^.^.^.^ "c os a o o O &<*'-<* ^ eo to t- r~ oo oo>oi oto CNCNCNCN CNCNCNCNCNCN CN CN CO CO CO IN Plot Soil treatm No. applied 'ij^ ' j *5jj ScsSS SS2 otfrt5o UOOOoo ; ; ; : ; ; ; . ' .'% cSSS otf#o OOOOoo CMCMCMCM CMC^CS^J(N OOOOS OSCN-H-HCNO CNt^OSCNOOO o O^t^-CO C! co 'O oo co r 00 CO OS CN 100 c Soil treatnu applied CD &> O Q) M^IL lljS 3^JJ - - --__ ; -CUCLi ; CN S 10 -,-.0 OOOOOOOiOOS OS CO CD 00 CD CN a t-ot~co corf co ico co CNCNCOCO CO CD 20 a OS 00 Tt< CO ICNCOCO OOOOS CNtOOOCNO OS CO t- CO 00 >O lO -H CO * 00 OS CO * T CO CN CN OS CN O CO Oa i o O "3 00-HCNOO -i -iCNCN t- OS i "O OS CN CN 1" rf CO CN OS t- COO: 00 CN ^i O OS CO "O CO 00 00 "3 CO O CNCNCOCO CNOOCNOO OS 00 CO OS * I 1^. OS CN i CO CN COCO^COCNCN 00 CO CO t~ CN CO Es oooor>.-* -KMCOCO OOOt h-CDO ICNCOCO CO CN CN CN 00 3 i C? -< CO CN CN i H >o "O CN^CDCN'CO IO Tt< lO CN r*, is, N. o to os t J I.N UJ ^J i-H CO CT O" OS I.-ICNCN iCN i ^ Ji i . -HOOoocN ao ao t~- c* tt & CO ^ 00 O CO f^- j CD 10 00 CO OOOOSCNOSCO r^oooo-* 00 COCNt^OO -H-, -iCN, COOOCNOCOO o c iiOCNCD OO I -HOO CO * -"t C 5 CO CO'fl'OCJS CO -H icocooO'* i co r- CD i co "5 26 COTj 2S COOSOO IOOOCOO i f OOCNO'-OOCO S3?o lOCN^ OOCN i CO i * CN -^ CN CD O i 00 C 00 *** t-- **! CO CD "3 001^00 O "S i^oos iCNCN CNCNC^ OSOOCN l>OCN CN CNCNCN i i jcoco_co U5 ^ i CN O >O co co co co co co o a 1C CO CO CO t*, *O t CN l^ OS TJI CO CO tO CO tO CD to *O OS CO ^J* O ~i Hn OCOO"* TjicOOO i OO CN--H lOCDCO o t^>ot^co OCNT)<0000 i rf cOOah-X cog .0,fCSt~ cooo^oco^ 00 O O OS 00 . t~ 10 1^.0 O! CO CO * CN 00 CNOOCOCNrttN. 2o os oo oo co CNCNCNCO oo H ^< TJ. 10 os CNCOCOCOCOCN iTjirt OS"OCD CNCNCN iCNCN OS COIN- lO I-H i CNCNCN Tj< ^H IO ^Jl O tO CNMCN iCN-i CN"M ,-| CN t>- Tf <-H OO-^COCOO ^5?^oToo^ 23 * c cc== ./.... Plot Soil treatmt No. applied OOOO OOOOO-H ;fti - OOOOoo ICNCO-* >OCD -H CNCO'fi OOOO fri04 10 CO IN. 00 C! O OOOOO-H . -fc . OOOOoo ^CNCOTflOCC THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 219 13 . w 00-*COCO COOOOCOOOCO CNCNCOCNOiO WJ _r co co C2 co co 05 op co c oo S ?2 ?9 S3 3 S! CO OCNOO -i t- h- 1-1 * 00 ^ t- .... OS O O5COO--I IO O * CO O <* t^OOCNOSt^OO i-iO i-icNCOCO -! CN CO CO CO IH 1-1 rH T)< (N -( ji '. '* AH AH s ft -.J.J.J -aiSu iijLjj ?> * OCNO5CN r-l ^H .-I CN COOOOOO>O 00- jO'g O 5 i-iOOOOiO T)ICOCOCDOO -'10*0010 ^)-i f~i*vs h 1^ **( CO CO CO ^ CO CO ^ ^ ^* CO CN CN w.co. r H .r H .? l '.. cl '.co ?-i. r 4 .?' OCDCO- -j . _CMCN . '.. '(N_COCo'__ ' 'cNIN. .P.p. coi OOCftcDCO ~- ^ , - 00 Cft "^ 00 *-H O t* M< t^- CD CO Cft ^ !" s^ oKKo COCOo'o c 6 I-H CN CO -^ IO CO t^ 00 C35 O ^^ CN CO ^f 1 ^5 CO PQQQ 00000- S " SSS - 220 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, Location. About one-half mile south of Raleigh. A part of the S. 1/2 of the N.E. 14 of the N.W. i/4, Sec. 22, Twp. 8 S., R. 6 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 14 acres of light-colored loes- sial upland soil of strong acidity. Four distinct soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Gray Silt Loam On Orange Mottled Plastic Clay; (2) Yellow-Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay; (3) Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay; and (4) Deep Gray Silt Loam. The land is gently rolling, a part of it sloping to the east and a part of it to the west. It is partially tile-drained and drains fairly well except in the lower portions. The field is divided into four series of 10 fifth-acre plots each. History. The Raleigh field was purchased by the citizens of Raleigh, Galatia, and vicinity and donated to the University for experimental purposes. Little is known of the previous history of the field except that in 1909 the land was in clover which grew poorly. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard rotation and soil treatment methods described in the introduction were estab- lished on the four series. These methods were followed without change until 1920, when it was planned to harvest all clover as hay. In 1922 the return of the wheat straw was discontinued as well as the applica- tions of limestone until such a time as it appears to be needed again. In 1923 the rock phosphate was evened up to 41/4 tons an acre and discontinued for an indefinite period. l-'.'j Gr SJt Loam O. Or.ng. Mottltd Wt Cl.y ticS > O NCO OONN CO 2> 1 1 1 1 COO5OOO ^ co too os oo t OOOO ? 01 NNC5CO OCOO OOOOiOO Nt~ O3O COCOOON Cit~0000 t^co oooot^ o c E Z! NCO 00 00 2o 22 o a m CO CCO -Ntt osco CON 23 NCOO1N COh-OOO 00 00 CNN s " $ k B ooco t NN O O ONN N NN t-iNNt~ N u = COOSOOO t*. 00 N O COOON CO O5 i o s t- co co co WO 2o d N t O Ot COOJ o NtOCO cot oo ^o a *~? O -Ot-N 1-1 1 CON t-'tN a si OOOiOOO ON * ooSSco' ^ 6 OOOO i us iocotoo OOOO tfo o On >i oSSS cooo 01 JJ3 ^ tfo C5O s^; 222 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, a 9 H < EH * a COCNb-00 OCNCOCN om s OO-HIN OO it~ no 05 ;S coom Ot-H^05 Tf-H . . m . T O O TfH US ? *Jf8 iHOHjj 8- CO --i 1-1 CO CNOOC500 CN(N CN-H a a rtiNCO -H-HCNCO 32 CNCO 26 ^ A CNCNOO COCOOCO cocomco CNCO o O CNCN 00 CN CO f- CD 00 mcN mo COOOO . CNCN t-CN OOO> SCO CN fflcN =S58 CO ll .-unooo OINOOOO 00 CO o o ooxo 000-H cso tt ^oo^co CNOOt^OO ^ u CN 1-COOO3 m 02 oo oo OcO 005 c J : CNOO -0 c CN(N aoooooo U500 CN t^OO 26 T).lOO5 ssss mo o "S COCNCNO i-HCNMCN CO 00 CNCN -H^CNCN COCN CNl-H 2S si OOWOOW CN-<n o t^cocOTf OOO-^CO CD-* cog ^CN- iomo> a* "S CNCNt^-00 *mooo5 00 b- 2 " ' 2 "" "* > rtlH 2^ CONOCO CNCN COOOO5CN IN CO CN w "S * CO --I 00 OOO^H ^t- i-. ^ess gs*s*sr gg N COCNt^b- ^ro^oo q>! COCOCNOOCN ous^cot- Ol O CN CN CO CNOl^^X g. 5 S " i i -< (N CN CO IN COO CNINCNINCN CNNCNCNCq CNCNCNCN'-l = 1 N "3 25 os a t^OOCNCOJ^ OOCOOOCN t^tXOOt 00-*cO*cO OO'J'OCNOO XUSCOOSIN CNXrJXO manun 3 -a 1 H 2c3 oo a 558883 X CO * us *-i HCOCNOCN 00 - 1 00 OS i COt- CD CO US CNCNtCNIN US us CN (N us COCOt^t--* CNOO-*CO 'Z g 4 6 COOSCNOO t- 1~ oo-oo co ICO us IN us 00 1~ 00 00 CD r-usosoco 9 | SI >. isiss COCCU300O co co co co oo -H CO US US CO IN CO-* CO CN O _ _ _ CNCNCNCN-H CNCNCNCNCN CNCNCNN I | a O CO "* t- CO OS COt- -HOSt-<0 TCCOCOt-0 Tj.~X_ilN O z 1 < 4 ^H Q 1s CO CO ' 00 US us us US ^ oct^cous OS OS t- X CO CSCOCNXt^ COOSO--I-* 3 OS O c SO CO CO CO CO CO CO t CO CO OS CN OS CO 00 CO CO CO CO us co CO CO oc ec OS CO O CN US US O >-l * us OS X CO 'C US * CDCNCN CO CD CO t~- CO manure, or cover Plot Soil treatme No. applied ooooo * " ' u " I^CU^] t^ X OS O occ~ si! t- fc- ^ COt-XCsO "No lime, residues, 1916] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 225 OS C INOOOOOCO COOOCNCO O CO 00X00 C 2 2'a CO 00 00 00 CO t- oo os oo t- oo OS 0000 1- CO CN CO 00 OS t-t-OOl-CO a o b B 1 *> ~oo8o 2S2gcN 00 CN OOOO S^So?co s ID rl O CNcNCNCOcN CNCNtNtNCN CN C>> ,t.0 ^< to 1-1 co OSCNICOCN CC -.00 CSOO '^ CO fi oct-ooosx OOOCSOOO CO 00 TJI >)< 00 H CN 00 3 CN OS 00 1- CSOO OCOOCTfCO ooscooco 00 00 00 00 OS crop on OS >0 c CNCNCOOO CO-*>OiOCO SSSS5 CO CO CO 10 CN COOOCNO en "o 23 OOCOOOOO CNCOCOOIN f^ t C O CN CN^-HCOiO COOOOCO1< " ? 7! CN CO CO << IH oot-oooco 1-1 1-1 01 * O g^S^^; SCOOOIN X O O *-i e O 00 t < i ( 00 OS IN 00 CO tO CN t-oocooo as c 26 CO OS CS t I OOOcNCO'* 1C tO lO lo ^* CO CO CO-* CO OOcOCNOO sssgs a i o T) "V | | g O O -o -- C CO CO CO CO "5 (N'-'t-OO OSIOCO^H-H OOOOCNOO OOt-'-oOOS COcOt-t--< ^OCNtOO ^3 "ft ja "5 ^ O K *v. B c oS co co oooo t- t-t-oot-t- oot-oooot- I- 5^ cot- co 00 00 CO 00 00 t-t-t-t-CO i 2 9 o Jt* a g K -0 CO CO 00 OS ^ COt-cOCCCO cj -Jjcj^, cot- co os co T(< OS CO CO * a r. 1 pa 3 H K So 00 C "3OOOOCO 00 OS 00 OS 00 CNNCNOOOO CSOO OS OS 00 CO CO CO CO 00 10^00*0 00 00 OC. CSOO to^oooo "Jii-iOCOCO 00 00 CSOO 00 OCNOOCNO ll b. fi O^OvwSS SSSS osoooosoo COcOOOt-O >ot-cot-co St2S r manur f white ( 5 cocSKKS CN-H 10-1 t-t-oooot- -< 00 CO * CO oo t- oooo t- os tt- co co C^ a| il OOOOOO--1 ^"(NCOCOCN CNCOCOTCOS * CO IN * CO co co co co os o g S U5TJ-COIMIO *OSCNOCO tNCN-HCS-H oj^m^,^, c.". fe " g INOOiOt-t- OCOCNOO O CO I- CO OS L. a! O3 00 M * CO "CtNCOOCN 00 1- 00 00") H CN CN -" t > C 00 c CO CO CO CO CO CN i-i CS 00 'O CO CO CO I- t- SiO ^ O CN CO COt- CD manure, o of .17 bush d ' 11 CO J2 jjS CNW^"O ill. >-i CNCO-* >O : : : pj(S(S5o J No lime, residues, over seed at the rate ScNCNCNCN CNCN INCNCM CNCNCNCNCN CNCNCNCNtN 8 226 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, 22 26 oo a OS O H co_ 25 ~o * a- 26 OS O H u 9 ' H 5 OS O rt o CO B S3 -HQ "o 6 52; '~ ! - / / '~ *O I 1 - t* t* CO T)O CD (OCO COOOiOINO OOCOCOINCO OOOOOOt^- IN 5 100 00 o cocoooo COCOOOt-O COCOOOO TJI OS lO ^ 00 I-HTJt O *O CO ^O t^- W 00 O CO CO I i-l N iNWi-H i-HrtCNi-KN OOOOCO-H CSCOINOOCO i-ie ^CO>-iiNt>- COCOCO>COS COOsOCOtO COOOOCMCO HTJHCDCOOS OsOOSNOS Oi-i' '. oo' oo i 0000000000 OOOOOSOSOO OsOOOOCD OOOOOOOOCD OOOSOSOOS O CM CO CD OO -HNN-I-H rt' i-i i-i i-< i-H i- irtrtCN-H IN IN IN IN -H ^.OOCDi-icO OOOOOOSCO OOCOCOINCO CO CO >O TJ< rf mai cre. resi ushe ^ IN CO *** 1C COt^OOOSO i Cq CO t O CO t- 00 OS O OOOOO O O O O ^^ ^ ^^ ' ^^ *-" i- i 1 1 i i- IN THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 227 OS_O 2 3 I-COT . -13 OOOSMC5 i-NOOCO 1 O 00 OS 00 COi-iOOiOCO 00-* CO CO 00 ^ CO ^* CO CO OOWOOOTf* N^DO^fN 0000ocotcto tCKOO. 00 00 5 OeOogt 'o'W'ra'in'ro' "MO"-* Wbo" Vw'VKf-' i-KN-iO i-< N Ol 1-1 1-< INMINN--I CqiNOINO iN.iNiNN. en'_e*.i-i.P.?>. WIN IN IN IN (N'CSI'M'ININ T*ocoo5M< COCOCDCO3 :CL> OOOOO OOOO-^ ^HrtrHr-l-H _l rt -^ 228 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, SIBLEY FIELD, FORD COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 DISCONTINUED 1914 Location. About one mile southeast of Sibley on land owned by the Hiram Sibley estate. A part of the S.W. *4 of the S.W. 14 of the S.E. %, Sec. 35, Twp. 25 N., R. 7 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 7 l /2 acres of soil described at the time the field was established as black prairie loam underlain by a clay subsoil. A strip 6 or 8 rods wide along the south side of the field and a strip about 10 rods wide along the west side were described as consisting of lighter soil than the rest of the field. Several ridges of lighter colored soil were also described as existing in other parts of the field. The land is sufficiently rolling to give it good surface drain- age. It was also tiled. The field was divided into four series of 10 tenth-acre plots each. History. The Sibley field was leased from the estate of Hiram Sibley. Previous to 1902 the land had been cropped for many years with corn and oats under a tenant system of farming. Cropping and Soil Treatment. Series 100 was cropped with a rotation of corn, corn, oats, and wheat in what was called a complete fertility test. Nitrogen was supplied in approximately 800 pounds of dried blood annually, potassium in 100 pounds of potassium sulfate, and phosphorus in 200 pounds of steam bone meal an acre. Slaked lime was applied at the acre rate of 295 pounds in the beginning, no further applications being made. A rotation of corn, oats, and clover was established on Series 200, 300, and 400. In 1905, 1906, and 1907 manure was applied at the acre rotation rate of 6 tons. Thereafter it was applied in proportion to the produce grown. Phosphorus and potassium were applied similarly to the application on Series 100. Legumes were seeded in the corn for green manure on the residue plots in addition to the other residues produced and used. THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 229 d j X reS >ooo ret~"5 t^Noo too 23 25 i! o *co rere-H Ncot- TJ. NCON WNCO rere CCO OON OrtoocootNrooo c COOOCOOCDCDOOCDOCO a 23 COCDCDttScoSSScO agj M< .10 -I -tN o o S^"12cDf2SoOOOOO I 0) a i Q) 03 o (3 (> -I s - s^G '*O * 't*~ CO '"'O o ! i !^- !^ -H c fc, ^-N >-^ 1 05.0 c o o S{:ScoS^cDSS5 CS O KSSSSSSSS?! esidues in | o 13 O OOO^COINCD^CO^CO a 2o OOOOJCNOCOOOOCOOO o -H -IN -Ot -CN .CN i O o> oo 5^o Sw S? co So S' c a i-nO o IN oV o * 3 Ou T3 JD "3 SSo>SoSrow^o7 C t.us(N-Hw-*ooe 3 K-iC05Tf.0505CDrtOO ao 2o o, O ioSSSSSSSSS o SSSSSrtSSSS * P ^rtiOiO^WO^^IN SSggSSfggf " rt-rtcortM.rtoon. 2 Entire 1 on Serie 0*2 WC<3T)>TtCOt^OOOO CDO ^ M-O T! * g-a ^o o * - 1 ^ h-3 * ^ t 3 * ' h-3 ^* OI--5'HHt o Ei 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 233 Q H >J 3 H ^ E 1 J J W 5 i * OQ - G OOCOOOCO 00 CO ^i ^ ^* 00 | COCMOOCO NOOO^H t^OO "S CO^OOCO NTfON h-00 *"5COCO TJ >O CO g WO^OO CO-Hb-^ OO'H i IOOO-* Ot^OOO Nl^ "5O-*00 COO i>O COO Ol ^*H NNCOCO NNNro CON NNNCO NNNN CON 'rtrt-l' -<'-,rt ' N^ CM ro i -^ oo co oo *o to CM. OOOOCO OCOCOOO ^1O >O O t~ 00 ^* O OOOO SS2-2!. 2.2-2-S 2-SS ^H 1 ^H 1 t-H -H f-H TH l-l rH ';[_ N-*ooro >Ct- "S ( O ^ 00 00 "-I 00 OOOO a COOCTJ-O rCCOOO OO-i NNNN NNNCO CON o a E III II I ej o oo oo < * o co o t^ ro rJiO'HO tCOON C35N 03 05 Z? * Oi **-! 'rt 1-1 N O Is NCON^< OOOCON tN NNNN NNNN NN b r; SScoS roN co oo CON 00 -O5^O 00 1 i o O 1 c COWOX5 i- < N CO O ON 00000000 t> t* t* l^* t>- CO O a o O g Ot^cOCO M*NCDN M**O -HCOCOOO IT)-tf5 i| NOON T) OONO NOOOOO M5 i * NOoPP 0-*ON CON . N3>Om t^M-HN OOO sl w fe Oi o ""5 ro ro co ro co co ro ro ^ro '^yS'? O CON CO O^H" i r-i ro o o oo o oo oco S dfl 1 N io'o OOO o a E O O CO Tf N Tt* b 00 CO O COO ^TJ*^*^* rorororo ^^j* ^rororo NCOCOCO MN N"i ^.^^r, t^ooco I^N O a) -o o . "S. E O O 000:00 OONI0 OOOSU5CO N.TC *^-~~ GCC-Si CO-* o p CO t^ CON. "OCCN.OO CM CO oo co TCCOTOCO TOINTCTO TOTO o O CO Tj-onm C?5 TO TO C5 5ro OitN U50CDCO ROCOCO COV TO TO TO CO CS'TO'CMOO COOOO2C7S TO TO TO TO 00 CO coco i-^INCO ^ CO l-Hl-H _ _l oS^?S oooorotN ooS CO-HCOt^ 00 K- 0-HMT)< o' 1 - 03 OOCCOCN OOC3N-00 co oo ^.0^0 mt^TOOO 00 O5 *Js N.0051^ OCMOOCO CM>0 ^ TO CO TO OOOOOOO OSINI^OS oo co co t^ coco 8 O COOT}"*" U) CO CO CO !! 00 * "OCO CO 00 I 00 COIN "3 OcDINt^ TOi-HTO-H OTO CM CM 00 CM 00 00 CO CM ri scds SiSSiSi eC *eWt-' CM 00 sgff t^ooooo INTO O5.? cc r^ oo cooc Ko 2 : 'h-iJj oboe t fc IOCCN.CC 000 o o m w : t- ! OlO C< iC iC 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 235 SPARTA FIELD, RANDOLPH COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1916 Location. Immediately north of the city of Sparta. A part of the S.E. 1/4 of the S.E. V 4 , Sec. 36 Twp. 4 S., R. 6 W. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consists of 20 acres of light-colored loes- sial upland soil of strong acidity. Four soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Light Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay; (2) Yellow- Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay; (3) Yellow-Gray Silt Loam; (4) Deep Gray Silt Loam. The land is comparatively level on part of the field, somewhat rolling in other parts, and is rough in the southwest corner. It is not tile-drained but owing to its rolling nature drains fairly well. The field is divided into eight series, four of which contain 10 tenth- acre plots, and four which contain 6 tenth-acre plots; and 6 larger plots known as Plots A, B, C, D, E, and F. History. The Sparta field was purchased by the citizens of Sparta and vicinity and donated to the University for experimental purposes. No information is available in regard to the previous history of the field. Cropping and Soil Treatment. A rotation of corn, soybeans, wheat, and clover, chiefly sweet clover, was established on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400. Until 1921 cowpeas were seeded in the corn as a cover crop on the residue plots. Their use was discontinued at that time. The soil treatments applied have been similar to those described in the introduction, with the exception that the initial application of limestone was at the acre rate of 5 tons. In 1922 the regular applica- tions of limestone were discontinued until the need for more becomes apparent. The original rotation on Series 500, 600, 700, and 800 was pota- toes, wheat, and clover on three series, while alfalfa grew on the fourth series for six years, after which it was shifted. The soil treatment has been similar to that on the first four series. In 1921 the rotation was changed to wheat, oats, sweet clover, potatoes, with sweet clover seeded on all wheat plots. In 1922 the regular applications of limestone were discontinued until again needed. In 1924 the rotation was changed to one of corn, cowpeas, clover-timothy mixture, and wheat, with sweet clover seeded on all wheat plots for use as a green manure for corn. The original rotation on Plots A, B, C, and D was wheat, winter oats, and sweet clover on three of them, while alfalfa was grown on the fourth for four years. In 1921 spring oats were substituted for the winter oats. The soil treatment methods have been similar to those on the other plots of the field. The regular applications of lime- stone were discontinued in 1922. Plots E and F were laid out in 1920 and limestone applied at the acre rate of 5 tons. No definite cropping system has been planned for these plots; thus far they have been used for wheat and sweet clover. 236 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, D THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 237 g X 5 OQ *S OCO-> i S cooxoo cocooooc ooco INtOOOO OON-*(N 0000 *& CO s 5iOi-lO TfOCO O"5 cototooo ooo^to tOTfi o O || V TtOIN-H (NOCMfN COIN COCO-*rlt NCMINN N 8^~SSco ooot- oso" OtOt- COiOOO CCO 26 -c(N T^' '^"^ *^^*O 1 OOININO tCOO5 OOO 2 ;H 00 OS CO CO Z^*-'<^~' Jlxb- CNCOOO (NNO^ '-Oft 'S tiels or (tons) per acre 1917 1918 1< Soybeans 5 Wheat' Soyt COI^COCO t~CS(MO t^iM t- 1- IM O WO CO CO CO-* OOCOcC OCCMOOO. COO C". O CO CO .... . os ITS OS O C5 t-l Corn Soybeans W OOO'C'3' OCOtO CO"!? lOOO--! 5 .... t^CDOS 1 ^ OS* OTjiif-* MOOO OO 00-HOO OOCO'OOS t~00 NCO^-* (NCOCOCO 1 :% : '.(Lt PL, Jsd ' : ^'*2 5 o'^;^;2 cif^PiPH Pd (NCO^ lOCDI^OO OSO ccoo oooo o^ TJ M C-J C-l Cl C 1 ) 0) IN CN N 'Lime ai 238 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, ^ s OOOOOU5 WUSU3I-, NUS 1 Ob*COOO US ITS us 00 00 O 1 43 g OOOCIN OOOO'l' NOO o 02 a; T-IINTOM r-li-l^-C rH OOCO OOWCO OO OOM OOOOOO OO 1 OOIMCC OOC<1C3 WO t-c^ooo USIMUSM e*o O j O O I ~ l *"' OO T" 1 O OOUSC^US OOt^-OCC^ l*C^ DO OOOJOCO' N-iMCSOO 00 N | 03 --IINIMIM (N(N CT OJ c B . . . . CO CO > i O-l Tf us -> >. i cctss ~ O -- - 26 ONO -* ^Tf(N(N M-l ss rtWOTjl g SScid, OONM wo *-! Sioocc cot-oot- PS I U50(N ^S OCNOONTCO a V a. S^?C5"J"O< O>OO3t^T><^< *A hi o o > o o o o re OOOcDOOi ts OONOOttO 2d > o 80 rewsoot^ro ^t? iot^t~oreoo 35roOO"5 5 rt U5 O "5 * 00 o OMoore ^< % t^r^osro^-H -C -( .-i 0) M -u a os CNNOOt^OO o co * *H d o JS "3 tDOO S S'HO usr^'H^oo 1 o ootooosre O O (> "5 "5 ^< a OOONNN(N O "5 O O "5 H ^"o W*eoN rt^reiN-HO o i 2: O(Nre-HO OINCOOO Soooor^o 03 reoooooore Ot^lNINOOW 05 rt o SSd-d-C-2- : -H-HcicirtO A wreiN 2S 2 ooO 00 TO CC ST. O rH^-lTfireiNO 'otatoes reoob-otro oroootcre u B E _o JJcvJ ic "O O O t-tO5C5"5O 'rt'o o S5 -< o p. "5OOU5WN ujiOTfrereo) > rt'fJS'oSS' U5 "3 00 00 00 OS *j g i> 003OINNre SEPSS^OSJ dNNO(N(NO 05^3 1 J 1 P u5mio^j,J,J oSSSSo -i CN P5 << 5 CO oooooo iO *O *C iO O C : : :* . -- . * h U --_ oSSSSo -i IN re * >o co ooooco o > co "3 MS ei "S O c- CO 2o . 1 K s! 0) IN > S o co "3 00 W5 COCO "S oo - O o > S o co "3 S S s il 2^ O5CN 00 CC 3 00 2 b ^-S v-i d _o 4 > V fe 5 2 * PS (NO 1 M"CN IN-i JO "3 o COO 'd at si 55 3 J2 b a oo' -3 S LI a ** . "* c'S 0000 t-oo coco o CO O "c ^ 5 S ^ 3 e H O 3 if ! 1 1 "3,0 cs H g 4 2 1 So "S t-jo "3 000 3O CO 3 2s; 'd ^ "S v d-S H 1 a~iti 8 S3l SI o OiO io'i<9 1 >> CON. INO "H(N o CO ,fi ^ *ii Jjj^ S v M w a r ^s ^ %2 is SI ss ss Hj J ^ ^ H SP9 00 QQ H i, 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 241 SPRING VALLEY FIELD, BUREAU COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1915 Location. About one-half mile west of Spring Valley. A part of the W. 1/2 of the S.W. %, Sec. 34, Twp. 16 N., R. 11 E. of the 4th P. M. Description. The field consists of 17 acres of dark- and light- colored loessial soils of various degrees of acidity. The field is located on an area the character of which has been influenced to an observable extent by both timber and prairie vegetation. It is not considered representative of any considerable area in the state. Four soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Black Clay Loam, poorly drained phase (Loessial Clyde clay loam) ; (2) Deep Dark Brown Silt Loam (Bremer silt loam) ; (3) Brown Silt Loam (Muscatine silt loam) ; and (4) Brownish Yellow-Gray Silt Loam (Clinton silt loam). The land is more or less rolling, sloping sharply to the north and south with a tendency to wash on some of the unplotted land. It is tile- drained and drains well except in some of the low spots. The field is divided into eight series, four of which contain 12 tenth-acre plots each and four which contain 4 tenth-acre plots each. History. The Spring Valley field was donated by the Hall Town- ship High School to the University for experimental purposes. Little is known concerning the previous history of the field except that oats and some timothy were grown on it in 1914. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The somewhat standard rotation and soil treatment methods described in the introduction were estab- lished on Series 100, 200, 300, and 400. In 1917 Plots A and B were added to each series. Plot A has received acid phosphate at the annual acre rate of 200 pounds applied twice in the rotation, and Plot B has received rock phosphate ground to a fineness of 200 mesh, at the annual acre rate of 400 pounds applied once in the rotation. These methods were followed without change until 1918, when it was planned to harvest the clover hay as well as the seed crop on the residue plots. Beginning in 1921 all clover has been harvested as hay and the return of oat straw was discontinued. In 1922 the return of the wheat straw was discontinued as well as the regular applications of limestone. Future applications of limestone will be made when needed. On Series 500, 600, 700, and 800 a rotation of corn, corn, and oats was established on three of the series, with alfalfa on the fourth for a period of four years. Sweet clover has been seeded in the oats on Plots 2, 3, and 4 for use as a green manure for the corn. The soil treatments given these plots have been similar to those described in the introduc- tion with the exception that the cornstalks from the first corn crop are plowed down on Plots 2, 3, and 4. In 1921 the manure was discon- tinued and in 1922 the limestone was discontinued. 242 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, 19S6] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 243 w CQ W J hJ PH N- U5 CO*OOCO i-l 1-1 00 00 OO a ON COOOON CON NOOCO COOCON t>. N fe 00^^ * CO O !> CO O *O 00 N N *O *O i ' co co t co co co co co co i > mco cococoo co*oco*o co* lOOO NOOCO* OOOO OCO 3 CO* N i 1 1-< l^ *>OOcO N*O rt s ~~ ;::! ._ .: 8 a 0000*00 COOOON OCN OS'S . OWCiO CD^-^OO OiO CO CO (N CO Ol CO CO CO COCO O NrH^-rt rtr , MOJ ij,;^ "i 10 fl 0000^^* O^*C*1C^ OO I ONCO*O OOiONOO OOUS a r J 1 . . -^ t-* co ^ iO O ^-* O CO O COC^CSCO COCOCOCO COCO O". 00 CO >O *O*Oi-iO OOCO i-< i-l i-< i-* N N i-l i-t O 5 a Plot No. Soil treatment s!"*" " " " " * " w 2-5 : :jjj-j ; :^ S 83 i-iNCO* "OCOr^OO O)O O OOOO OOOO O-H NN c s (NO b-COOO OOOOO So2g OO 2o OO (NO ICOOC ^ o o o oooo OCO t^o TJC* 8 O OO OOOCN cot^cot^ or^oo 00 (NOO 26 33 So-ss T^ CO O O CO 00 * coo CO COIN CO co co co co ooo (N(N 00 co oo h co t^ CO OOO t~-i IN <^ co co co ^ COCOO-* S5 "O oo o Oi-l oooo OO a (NO rJiOCNO 00 IN 25 S3 oot^o coooo OO oco S O CO-* *OCt^CO O O O CO St^t'.'* ooo OO t- e 00 o X S PH 1 So a 3 H OS co a OCN^O O'Ot-'O CO OOOO s a COOOCO a 1 1 t^. cO 00 >O o o O CD CO CO US" OS 1 1 o -t, CO CO O CM CO CO CO 10*4 M P o - t^ oo co to co oo a OOOtOt- com-^t- t>.co s o co i i ' < C) t ' CO 83 TtH 1 tO O] < CO rH i -H-H I-l o "-"-IrHCM CM m * co cs OOcOOO C ocoooo CM-*"500 OiT}. 1 OOOOC-* oo oo co oo OOC^JOO TfOC CMOS a "S CMCC^^f 2g " t^CO i-lOO I" CO 8 ~1 S T-H no H H 1 er acre 26 00 g CO w OCOCM-< *^6 CMC! CO to i ll 03 O C t^tOtDO CM to to 00 CM CO tOi-HNOO CO 00 CO CO CM CM CO CO CM CO CM .-100 CM co-i co to 00 CO a 25 % CM CM CO CO ^CM o O toooo IN CM CO CM 1-1 i-l CM CM CMt- CM^- S .0 g t^TI^HT-l t^CMOCO -HO INt^O-* t^oot^ 0:00 H w E c 26 SSS:S ooooo-* OCCM COIN i tO^CN^ CMCOC-lh- 1OOO CM TOLEDO i Tf d ,-H o &JQ ^^ OOOOOCM 10 co OQ CU ^2 oootooo o . . . CMOO-* CO-H 1. 05 oo H S H "a CM CO CO CO CO g O g c 9 1 1 15 6 5SSS 10 to i^oo occo PH 3 O ^ ^H <5 10 CO I-- 00 tfo So ft 260 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, * s CMt^OOiO OOSNt^O t^O oocMt- sS*g f-2 2J f* Cl CO "* IO 1 t ft*& CO OO 9 O vy vQ ^/^^fu"^ wo ~~ " i i i-^ CO CO 1 CO ^ CO OO i i i-" o co co aj CM V > X5COOCO OOOcDO OCO J ^t^-coo *ocoot* ooco '"'O213 o g i it i rj* CO i i CO ^ Thi ( CO O ^* CO t^- CM ^ O O 00 25 ^ a i < i i i 1 -iCNTfO -i~lNCO iO-i 23 Sco-38 SSJS3 32 -S2 ^2i:g 2^- " o SSs_^_, OO 1 1 rlO, co f, ^j< o iCMt-oj eoa 005 ^.^s^,^. rtrt "-^ 0> o d OOCMt^CM t^-CM^O OOi 25 S55SS SSKS 55 o 1 OOCMCMCO t-OCtOO ft~ > i CM CO CO i i i M CN CO* i OOOOX5CO COOOCNCN OOO 23 "2t;2 0=0 2M S 50 _= p OCMt-CO t-COOCO >O CM INCO icoco co H ( 1 1^ to * IC^CMOO 00'' 1 COr^C^lOO 00 *O t*- CM CNrf iCOOOOO OCNO^f OCO ill CM COCO O COCOOO "OO .... t-t^cOC4 CN OCMOOCO CM CM CO U9 OOCO 6 C8 o a OCOINO OOi'* tOCO (N-nt^cO OCCOOO OOO CNfNNCN icNCOCN C^CM t*OCOO 00 O i CO -^CM 25 CNfNCOCO C-lfNCNM (NM s ^. *a WW-H^ 0^-00 T) O5 If O OOCNOO "S S"2 Soybeans CO CD CO 00 a E O O **j* 1 OcoQQ S S O i! ^OCOOO 1 CO t^ 00 00 a ^.NUSN. S > f-H 1 1 ^H O n 2^ 2S o NNN 6 SS^^ CO"o rtrt^^ H CO 0* 'fa 86 OccQQ o g 3 K.^OC> c OOOO> o CO5O3OS c! ^S5 CC'o t^co'od 03 O CNCNMIN A BB r * a P^od a OcoQQ Q n Q S5 O 22 *^ CO"o O CO t** O "S CO Oi CO 03 1 CO 00 1- CO I CMoiH CcoQQ co co n E to a OJ DO'S S S^coco 1 rt 5 L^ . o rtrt-H u <** CO'u S Q-S fe QQ (V -f-i _3 o co OcoQQ JJ S 'i Bi 1 S S iC C toooooo 03 WOOOOJ o] "51OCOO 03 wracNio 3 ^ o 23 CO'* co co ti^22 S t^t^XlX ,2 2d2s' n 9 o o CO P^'coH CO CO CO v Q OccQQ .2 g ^.i '& o- r^ W O t"* ^O "S CO 1C 1** O3 a CO " 1 1> "< c COOOCOC75 Q p o 2 o 2^^^' ^S2' d Tf CO CO "5 co co co co E O O CO CO CO CO ay b Q co PkCO^' 03 . .S a 3 OcoQQ L. O 8 1 1 CO il 1 i 1J wxcooo / / r. i - S55S a "S o I 1 S 03 O I M oj a CO ^_, a O o O ^ a _^ " ** ^ - H ^ o -CNCO^, o cot- oo ^sss 2S2S 252 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, UNION GROVE FIELD, WHITESIDE COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1907 DISCONTINUED 1923 Location. About l a /2 miles northwest of Union Grove, on the farm of Mr. A. N. Abbott. The N. V 2 of the N.E. 1/4 of the N.E. 1/4, Sec. 5, Twp. 21 N., R. 4 E. of the 4th P. M. Description. The field consisted of 19 acres of dark-colored soil of medium acidity described, at the time the field was established, as a brown silt loam over sandy loess. The land was comparatively level and drained well without the use of tile. The field was divided into five series, two of which contained 20 fifth-acre plots each, and three of which contained 4 fifth-acre plots. History. The Union Grove field was leased from Mr. A. N. Abbott. Previous to the establishment of the field, the land had been farmed under a general system of livestock and grain farming. In 1906 the land was in oats with clover seeding. Cropping and Soil Treatment. A rotation of corn, corn, oats or barley, and clover was established on Series 100 and 200. The soil treatments were similar to those described in the introduction except that potassium was supplied in 100 pounds of potassium sulfate an acre a year and commercial nitrogen in the form of dried blood was supplied annually to Plot 19 at the rate of 200 pounds an acre. In 1916 the plot was divided, dried blood being applied to the east half and gluten meal at the annual acre rate of 376 pounds to the west half. In 1919 it was planned to harvest the first crop of clover as hay on all plots and the second crop as seed on the residue plots. The limestone applications were discontinued in 1920. Beginning in 1921 all clover was harvested as hay and the return of the straws discon- tinued. In 1922 the application of manure was discontinued on Plot 4, as was also the application of phosphate to Plots 9 and 14. Series 300, 400, and 500 were plotted in 1913 and discontinued in 1919. A nine-year rotation of potatoes and alfalfa was established on them, the potatoes growing three years on a given series and the alfalfa six years. The soil treatment methods were similar to those on the larger series except that 15 tons of manure an acre was applied for each potato crop. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 253 H DO i O O i i S oo a O<0000>O O CO b- CO -< OCOOO^CN OOOX"5 $6 CNCSt^^O CO CO CO 1^00 CNCNcNOX (NCOt^t^CO -*<) # CO CO COOt^OsX 26 OXI^OOIN * o ( 10 co CO >O 00X00 TCOSOOSCO ^ Tji t> os co N ^* ^oS^ 5oS3S5 CNCOOCO i t-ooosco t^CNCOCoS CN IN CO CO IN fl CN 00 CO IN co * * co i ICNOOCOO COOt-^-H 00 "5 IN 3O ^OcOdtM !OX^ s os a Oi O CO O O CNC^COCNCN OOOt^OSOS CNOOOOCN i IN IN 00 00 -I 3 oo a ?;;: ^i ice co co CO CO CO CO OO SO CN CN *O t* X t 1 - CN IN COOS OS CO OU5i^cOOO CDOSU5rJ>CO 26 ssgsa 00 1- O "* If 5 oocot-t-oo COt-t~t^CN i < CO ^ O OS 5SJ?1 s ^s OOOOOCN CO -INCOCC OX'S 00 IN OSI-.TJ--1X . . . . o W COXCCOCN o OS 03 iO 0? O O5 'O 00 CM OS OS CO Cl CO CC CC C*5 0 < I-i I-H^H M i COOOCOCOCN t^OOcOCNCO co^oocow OOO CO (NO "s 23 US^^^Th sg^ss US CO us us -^ t- us CO CM us US CO CO CO U? OOCOr-CCMUS e 2c3 S9S9S S9S58 55S82 CMCM5^2 "o & "2 2c SKSSS cot-ooxus CO t^ 00 00 CM US cot- 00 CN - i* ^w^oo OOCNOOC500 OUSOOOOOO ooausus^ i 23 CNCNCNCNCN CO CN 00 CO us CNCNCNINCN COCOCNCNr-i CMCMCNCNCN O CO 00 00 O CNCNCNCNCN COUSCOUS "E i 25 ^oSS OOt-OOU5 OICOOCN USUSOOOUS US CO US CO US CN-*C! CM CO O t- CO CO O3 CO CM CN CO CM 1 -6 OC fl lO CO CO O CO 8SSSS S35S5S "^ I ll SSSufg iT I ~ i ~ ' t IQIQlOiO4 US CO -HO O US us us CO CO -HCMO-HO co co-* us co 5 i 1 a "c "S Plot Soil treatmc No. applied M illj LI LrPK 2 RLrPK 3 MLrPK 14 CvMLrPK 5 L JS'lo J No treatment; all (NCNCNCNCN MM IN CM CM O IN ~ ^d-ctSJ < d- 21 3-3- 1 IN-* COM oo^ = | | t^> 00 O) CD ggga 2 * 1 o i J MO O m to -2 53 ^^ CO CO *O CO | > [ 5 oocowi 3: rHrHOiOO s O3 OOO OO*OO O'O ite for co 8 * o~ 23 01 ^'ai 05*0000 lOt^Oit^. *OCO cNCO-d 1 ^ CNCO^O^O COCN SSocO i--(N' J '-l i-irt V -M-C coo- 0] CO ICNCO CNOCOr- CNOO EI substiti co 8 (M 23l oo a j COO IN CO CO t^ O 00 CO Oi ' ^P CO * O I UN Oft a CO ^ CO CO *O grown in SERII per acre 23 s. co a ^cic!-^. ^ 3 TJ -HCOO>O o-^oot- * INCNCOCO OOO(N 00>O Lime and resid -gl . ocooo oocoo coco g OOCOOSCO COOCMCO OOOO . o 1 jfl inure or residue 03 2J ^ l^ O X _>, 2 o^^^ o PH H- PH K o ^^CNCO-^ *OcCh00 OO OOOO OOOO O ^ H obbo oooo o-^ CM'NCNC^l C^C^CJCNl CNOJ 'Lime 01 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 259 N 2 t^-HCO-a CON-HOO ^ s S 0001*0 osoco^o *-oio coo a COCD^O OOOSCO-O* O5CO o rtl-H l-( o N(N T K ^ TH s -*-*U:CD ao 2no. t.pU50 QQ^^,^ ^. o r~csco^ coocoo ot- 2S (NCOi-(CO OOOCOOO O5 ?,.- 00*00 ^o^ooo "o^o ^ a OO'O^O O'^OO OO O*3 -O oo g- "S N WJ< i-H i-i cot--*co ococoo oe ">(>r :irrc 2tBO ; 2 CO CO N N CO i ? rHi-H rtrH - * s o 3 * OS-fl 1-HIN ' 'Hrt (N OS?'?? COCOCO'O 00^ ININN 1 * t^COOOCD NI-I Bushels c Sa CO^CDOJ OOCJO COO o O n! ^I 13 CO O O O CO CO * *C 1C CO wcococo i-HTfO'n o CN-*U5T(< NNNlN COCO 2-2! O N O O N N 00 N ION tcoccito ^HCS^CO toco "S OOCOOO COOOO5N N'H 2|S N^ON Ni-lOCO 5i-l ~ON 0CD^ CO^ |1 SS?g S S 11 "c lO^^OTO OO 1 "^^^ 1 ^ N<^ a cocococo WINCOCO CON H 'o CQ H S ii i: -< W CO ^f 1C CO I s * 00 Oi O cooo oooo c 260 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, s 2_8 OOOOCOb- I^OOO coo t ~. ^00 oooo OOCOOO 0000 .2 OSOOCOTC COUSt,0 o oOi-Hirji-t i-icocooo g| 1 CM * SSJd-Ci 2-S2-S .Ho P c "8 OTi "* '"^^ 2-^-2 Ti- CO 00 00 * OS US OiiOOOS Tj* t> O I s - ^O-tiCO OoOO OOOOSIN us to us US OS -^cocd ~. B Q rtCoSo coSSS 09 8 00 k = i 3 CSt~i-lUS OSINCOt- iOCO, 1 2=3 3cooo 858$ 6 d MOOOO oo oS'S'S' 01 O UJOOiOOS t^-COOSOO O USO^CO 0=0-H-H 'rt o ^ CO t i-t TJICOCOCO Tl 'N_^s^ 0) - ^t-UJUS "o PH 1 1 CO r-t 1~* g) i ^jIN-* rt . . . n 1 M i-l 1 i B ^N^^T* os o o o 1 OCOUSi-i INt^OO I - rH > O o 1 g o 1 O allure. 3 Lime only. 4 Growt Plot No. Soil treatment dSPnrt dddd ortPH dodd dSpJPn dddd 0000 0000 dSpnCH dodo' 1-1 N CO T)< us CO t^ OC OOOO OSOO ocxxx OOXXM i o i 2 I S = 2 1 Z 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 261 TABLE 95 UNIONVILLE FIELD: SERIES 500, 600, 700, 800 (1920-1924) Bushels or (tons) per acre Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1920 Potatoes 1 1921 Winter oats 1922 Corn 1923 Soy- beans 1924 Timo- thy 501 0. . . .8 13.3 15.2 10.7 ( -29) 502 MLrP 10 9 50.3 51.5 32.0 (3.01) 503 RLrP 1.5 20.6 48.9 27.3 (2.16) 504 RLrPK (Kainit) 1.7 22.5 43.7 31.8 (2.03) 505 RLrP, Shale .7 16.9 40.8 22.6 (1 . 38) 506 RLrP, Common salt 1.4 22.5 43.2 21.4 (1.55) 507 RLrPK (Omaha salt; 1.1 23.9 45.4 25.4 (1.90) 508 4 16.4 17.1 13.0 ( .59) Soy- beans 1 Potatoes Winter oats Corn Soy- beans 601 0. . . . ( .62) 12.1 31.1 18.1 4.4 602 MLrP (1 53) 28 1 25.3 49 5 18.3 603 RLrP 8.9 10.8 41.9 33.4 15.2 604 RLrPK (Kainit) 11.5 8.8 44.2 38.4 18.5 605 RLrP, Shale 5.6 13.0 37.8 42.8 17.3 606 RLrP, Common salt 9.0 12.8 37.8 48.2 16.4 607 RLrPK (Omaha salt) 9.7 17.4 38.4 47.5 14.8 608 7.1 13.9 35.0 32.7 7.8 Alfalfai Alfalfa* Alfalfa Wheat Corn 701 (0 00) ( 49) 8 3 15.6 702 MLrP... (3 49) (3 36) 34 3 47.2 703 RLrP (3.11) (1.60) 25.5 47.5 704 705 706 707 708 RLrPK (Kainit) RLrP, Shale RLrP, Common salt RLrPK (Omaha salt) (3.52) (1.87) (1.97) (2.81) (0 00) '.'.'.'. (2.21) (1.58) (1.80) (1.84) ( .49) 26.6 21.8 21.6 20.0 7 5 54.2 45.4 47.2 44.7 18 3 Winter oats 1 Clover Soy- beans Timothy Wheat 801 0. .. 1 6 (0 00) ( .06) (1.41) 8.5 802 MLrP 35. 1 (1.42) (0.00) (3.13) 27.2 803 RLrP 24 7 (1 31) ( 49) (2 63) 21 9 804 RLrPK (Kainit) 35.8 (1.38) ( .57) (2.83) 24.3 805 RLrP, Shale 0.0 ( .63) ( .23) (2.00) 12.5 806 807 RLrP, Common salt RLrPK (Omaha salt) 0.0 00 ( .58) ( .63) ( -24) ( -22) (1.85) (1.78) 8.8 7.9 808 0... 0.0 ( .25) ( .20) (1.55) 8.8 No shale. 'Alfalfa winterkilled in 1921. 262 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, URBANA FIELD, MORROW PLOTS, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1876 1 Location. University campus, just a few rods north of the New Agricultural Building. Description. The Morrow Plots consist of three main plots each divided into 4 twentieth-acre plots. The soil is classified as Brown Silt Loam (Muscatine silt loam), and is of medium acidity. The land is gently undulating and is drained by tile placed across the center of each main plot. The drainage is good. History. So far as is known, the Morrow Plots are the oldest experimental plots in America. The plots were named for Professor George E. Morrow, who was Professor of Agriculture for many years in the early history of the Experiment Station. No information is available in regard to the previous history of this field. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The present Morrow Plots origi- nally existed as three plots of a larger series containing a half-acre each and were known as Plots 3, 4, and 5. Corn was grown continu- ously on Plot 3 ; corn and oats alternately on Plot 4 ; and corn 2 years, oats 1 year, meadow (clover, timothy, or both) 3 years on Plot 5. No manure or commercial fertilizers of any kind were used on these three plots. After the Experiment Station was established in 1888, these cropping plans were continued with the exception that the rotation on Plot 5 was change to the simpler three-year rotation of corn, oats, and clover. In 1904 the three plots were divided into halves and the halves subdivided into quarters, according to the arrangement indicated by the following map. The cropping plans have been continued. On all plots the two north quarters have received no soil treatments. All thj? vegetation produced on them has been removed. The two south quar- ters on each plot, however, have received soil treatment since 1904. Manure has been applied for the corn crop on these plots in proportion to the total produce grown on them. Until 1919 rock phosphate was ap- plied to the west quarter at the annual acre rate of 600 pounds, and bone meal to the east quarter at the annual acre rate of 200 pounds. At that time the total application of rock phosphate on the west quarters was evened up to four times the amount of bone meal used on the east quarters. Since this time the two phosphates have been applied in this ratio. In 1925 the bone meal was evened up to a total of 3,300 pounds an acre and the rock phosphate to a total of 13,200 pounds. J It appears from the early bulletins of the Experiment Station that work actually began on these plots in 1876, altho according to the published records of the Board of Trustees of the University official sanction was first given these experiments in 1879. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 263 No more will be applied for an indefinite time. In 1904 limestone at the acre rate of 1,700 pounds was applied to the south quarters of all plots. In 1919 it was again applied at the acre rate of 5 tons. No more has been applied since. From 1903 to 1920 legumes (cowpeas, vetch, or clovers, including sweet clover) were seeded in the corn at the last cultivation on the south quarters of all plots. Legumes have been seeded in the oats on the two south quarters of the two-year rotation since 1904 for use as a green manure for the following corn crop. Red clover was the principal legume until 1918. Since that time sweet clover has been consistently used. \ 3NW 3 MB \ - -^ 3SW ML rP 3SE \ MLkP\ ^ f 4 NW 1

->JLo k Cl.y Lom, poorty drool ftoJ \Zrc~r. Silt Um aul Clydi clay loam | |Muxint -H <1 Q Q" 3 W i i S O 00 !- O h. 2' H oB rt S'~'S' H SS 5 NOOCOtOOOCOTjicOOOOS C OOO'JiTC-ltDrHtOrtO J o a la OCOOOOOtOCOrHOOCO Clover' oo o m co "5 CJ (N CO I-H (i.i ICOC^OCOCO "c8 o SIIJISS^ t, x^ -^ Cl^ i ^ (D "SSS*??S5SS cooqffl^ococooo.o C ON^t-NOUSOOOW 1-1 FS >-< OJ -OCXXOOOOOOOCOOCC) Uc. ^x_-^^.^^-^^-_-^ o s * SS2S8 *ss 1-8 s! _ r, 1 ! ! ! ! I ' ' M '. p^ P-j p. PH j * *^"^^ ^ *O MS^iiiii ;; >o ; ; ; t | ; . ; . K ~ F CO WMt-0^TKNO C CD'J'OCt'THO'OOtOCD 2 Q coootooi-icooooot^co o COTt*t^rMTt jjp^^s-5rj7J7S-^ o o * a oo_o oo "c OS OJGS3SSO2Ji2. o "c Oa "a o d Oit^-OC^OMOCOC-IOO o o 8 oo OOOt^ffiI>50000tDOO o "C 01 e>l CO M N rn o Tf05t^ffOl!5r^"OrHN. g OJ500QOU5t-<O O O5 00 1| Illj o o (NCOiMrtrtrt II-IT-II- a O IN CD ft 00 O CO cocofMcococococococo OOOOOOOOO-H -HC->CO''J l| (^COb-OOOiO 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 269 8 5 H CO PH S 2g P t~!N OcOC^rt^nOrtlG(N "=; CO-*MtOO G OOOOOCOOO5O5O5O5OO5 i o SSSSSSS8SS 23 _ a 11 2 OOOOOOOCC-i cbocococo'-' iOiOiO'O^O l Ct l O l OiO l O 270 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, ooot^co OOOCOt- OOOCOCO CO CO CO O O ocococo-H TpCOCOOCM Trt^ON^j co co n<' CM -c ^ CM > -IOOCOO OOOOINt^- h- CO CO COO COCOCM^CO CMCN^OO t-COt^O'* TftOCNOOCN IN (N-iCN co co co CNi-l" X^V^^S^ 2| J:feS5 00 IN Tfi to to lOt-rfCOcO cccoKSco 1 * r~ IN co o o co co co co co co co co co co -i IN IN CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ? 6 2=3 OOi-iCOOCN CM^^NO CO CC CO tOO IO I- to COO) i i EG "** flCOCOCOCO ssass i-CJCM,COCO s occooooo tOCNOCOOO Oi-COOOO i-HOOtO(NOO . 00 00 IN t^- co i oo o tOCMCCOCN SSKSS r^ g C3 2l COi-KNNt- OOU5000 ooa>t-oo o-^co t- b fc a 2~ ttrf-vmn __"2 ;-^ CO CO-* CO-* t- CO CO to CO c 3*i ocoocooo t-COOOOOO o -co r- ^i ro g PH f: S ^ c OINT(J3 S^c^fec? g^g^ CO IO 00 CO CO 01 co co Th ^fi 00 IN to to tO ! 3 s| OCOtOCMCO OCO-^OOO CO CS| CO t* to *i-l-*t-O COOQOOX ~< co 11 co !-H co rt lO^T^Tf 01 1-1 co' -< *' i-nOlNtOTf f CO O O 00 CO COOCOTCCO CO i i 00 O O TKO-WOO 3 2o O O O 00 CO tO tO Tf ^* Tfl tO tO 00 CO tO Sco coO'-" tC to to tO tOOOOOOO 1C iO O O CO s H 2o tO CM * CO IN t* I s " 00 CO 00 COtOCOOh- t- oo co i i co 10 CO 00 1^ 00 00 00 t^> 00 1 s * c E-o 11 l" ^c 6 obood ; . ; : K COh- OO OOOC -i :] ro T to ooooo CC t^ X O O c c o o *-* 1986] Tup ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 271 * OCOOO-C-H r)O a CMCMNCMIN IN CO CO CO ^< CMCNCMNCM CO PO CC CO ^* 53 q ^1 SSoSSo CO i i CO * iC CO-HCOC^ICO c: x o oo -- 1 ja O5i*- CO CO IN IN CO -" ' 1-' >~ l~ c^ co CN co co C lOiO C W * ^ B o N^ tOiCINOJO OtOr-tOOCO sScoSSS s^i^s cSoo1S12 a o to o; coco b- S^SJS-^- ^.ssss CM OSOi COO i cOiCOOOh- 05 -H 10 iC 1C CO-HOOIN h ^ "S 2" ^s^ss s^ggs SSKSISS OOi C^ CM CM CO Ol -i Tjl 1C 1C CO CM IN CM IN CM 00 CO 00 r-i * CM (N CO CO CO OOOOO SSSS5S 1C CO O >C i I M IN CO CM CO CO C4 OS CM O 2 Alfalfa S2| S?12c3 * IN <*< >C t^ CM CM CM CM CM r^ CO CM CO 1C CM IN CM CM OCO) fi to CO * CO *.COO.H OC3S1COOOC o 25 "" sss CO iC CPOS CO osootopco CO T}< -^ 1C 1C 00 00 00 00 CM 1C 1-1 (N CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Tf INCMOCO 2 " o o CO N ^1 CO iC t^OCXOSCD IN COO'* 1 1^- CO IN iC CO iC COi-HCONOS OOOOOO) CO M *s 0> OOOCOOOiC O 1-1 1 1 1^- 1- o:tocOT" 00 CO 00 1C c2;2: 2=3 h B V^ ^^ Vrf- ' ' ^^* ' CM IN IN CNN v^ -^>-< 'D,^ s Plot Soil.treatm( No. applied CN CN ) CN CM . . . M :^'W% CO^-OOOiO ::i Xi-^ja-^ 2 ic ^iJjiJ M to r^ oo c: o 'West and east ha 3 Oats seeded as a nurs 272 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, I o co 26= -*oco rH CO 00^*0 Tj-OOCOrHrH U5 O. T* CO OCOCONO 00 *-< 00 OS O CO rH CO CO rH Oi 00 '* CO 00 ^^COCOCO t^OCOOCO t^COOSO-H OOlO-*t^rH CO >O O CN IN COt^lNrHCO <<** t-- ^ GO O COOOOCOrH CN lO CO ' 00 OS CO >-H O * O>^*(NC^t s -T- I - ~- " ? i OOfNOSiOcO rl IN IN IN CO COCO -X5 IN 00 00 !N CM CNCOINCO'* OO^J'TfoO'* rH -CO CO .CO -O IN *t^oicoo6 co os co co Tf COO * IN 00 O O "5 00 co co O-*OOOOO -*OOOOO 00 CO CO t IN OS r-l IN W rH COCOrHCN.CO OSrHIN>CrH rHCN.r-COCO co co co co co 3533S >o co t^ t>- oo CO CO CO CO CO CO b CO CO O *-*-*-*iO oooo o co co co co co CO CO CO CO CO . ' M S1|| HHKSH cOt-OOCSO OOOO-H co co co co co O f!n S P4 <5 1986] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 273 1 1 9 3 E r. ft & If. ~ I ir. - _r X 11 26 3.2 3 1 2S 2(3 SJa a._o 2-2 10 C3 sa CO 0> O5_O 11 -H a 00-HC. ^^iOCO>0 M ooor^o Ot^ 00 00 CO oo>ot^ooco ^S^^5 o3*SS S^wcow wSSoSo SSSSoS SSS O^COOO (N(NCOCO 0000^0> CO^OINO ^OOU500 >West and east halves of plots harvested together. Kjrowth on Plot 410 all weeds in 1921 3?ggS SS3S8 SOJl-HOO CD 00 >O 00 / /: / r- r. CO'-lCN'*'* CO CO 00 1- 00 f-OOCOO t-t>-000000 O3 W 00 i ' O t~t~coot COCO 1-1 CO CO 00 00 00 00 00 rti-li-cNCO ^ co co co M* OOOOOOb- Ot~ coco oc coSigco 2S"o2 OO"500>O CC-OS*-*^ i-H r-^-4(M WMrHCOCO (Ni-H-* <-> N CJ I CN 1, C5 O5 CO O O i-*Oib-i^t^ C5CCCOXO COOOOCOrH 3SC3S SE:Kgg i"S5" f:E:KSS jfJt^^H^HO COOCD--*O CS C^ CO ^ CO COCOCOCOCO IN IN 00 CO CO CO CO IN CO ^ co co 01 w 2-S 25 26 00 CO 25 "IS -* ^00000-H MM.COWO CO^COWCO COOM.-0 sssss CO CD CO CC CD IN 00 IN IN 00 iO iO O O ^O CO O OOX CD OIN-*O-* SS^SS S33SS ^H^OO^CO iO tO -^ CO ^ SOJrfOOCN *U5-*t>- CO CO CO CO CO sss^s ***** 33338 ; . . ; rtSrtSS co i"- oo 05 o HHWWW oobob . M HKWWH codd'- iil i 274 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, 1 2 o o rt o TjlVH S3 "^ o>C! ^ So OOCNCNOOO coicicoo orooiNi-i COCO^iCCO CDcDt-COCO r-t>.coMb- eoot^oo S-HO ^C oco *o ^o *o OOSCOTjioO OOCO-fi-iO COCOiCiCtO iCcOt^cOCD root^oco h-oooo 5X1CO OOOiOOOO jcNroi* coiccoTfco O5OOJCOIN roooc 33 iCN^CNt-l i-HNi-iCOM t< t* oo ^l 00 CO 05 *"! O> 3 1C -^ CO 1C CO CO CO CD IN M CO O * OOOMOOOO IN IN N CO CO CM IN IN IN IN CO CD O Ot~ O'HOICO'* 3OOC5 CO'<*"*OiC 3OSCCOO OOOOC100 JOOM'O'S' (NMININC 00 IN CO O5 IN i-HiCi-i^-O COCOCOOilN IN t^ ^ 1C ( TtHNtNINro' C^CDOCOSiC CNCOC5-*! O-^OCOCO OOOOOOCO ooo^Tjicot- e 26 3 * CO fS 38 S CO co o ft 8 a ' 3 ** 9 S 8 ^6 CO 0 o e o CM Cl 00 PH 01 H CO S t>. J H 01 IO o IO 2n O CD CO CO CO ej 01 U3 ti O. cS T73 - o a 02 e> X g fe PH J2 M M " ' Ij OS S sa oo a IS fel 26 Se b so 1(3 C O3 t* 26 05 O o t- c^i -.0 to 00 S CO M t 3 co e o t 8 CO IQ CO ce 00 ei * fe O e o ej IO e r~ 00 X CB 8 41 e> ^ o C4 t 4* 41 t- IO 53 00 so co 8 o O uj 3 41 M t- (0 S o CO Q CO CO o g o> eo t^ Cl CO JS D 8 C5 O 06 ^ t^ e i o 8 to S 10 O5 CO "0 CO gj to * Ol S t; Ol t*. 00 >o CO CO to 0) n to * " J C ll I b i o 6 i 1 1 1 2 276 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, TABLE 101. URBAN A FIELD, DAVENPORT PLOTS: SERIES 600 (1909-1914) Bushels per acre Plot No. 1909 Soil treatment applied Corn 1910 Corn 1911 Corn 1912 Corn 1913 Corn 1914 Corn 601W 31 .A 38 .8 18 ,5 53.6 16 ,8 28.0 601E 26 .0 33 .2 12 ,A 50.0 16 ,0 28.0 602W 0... . 23 ,3 31 2 7 ,4 44.4 11 2 20.0 602E 23 .8 30 ,4 11 ,0 44.4 11 ,6 26.0 603W L... . 21 A 88 9 7 50.8 17 2 26.4 603E L 24 32. 4 10 ,4 51.2 11 ,2 26.4 604 W L... 18 ,8 41 A 10, ,8 57.2 20. 8 31.6 604E L 24 . 4 38. 4 11.0 52.8 15. 2 28.8 605W LN... . 27 2 30 16. 8 62.8 24, 31.2 605E LN 35 A 35. 2 . 23. 2 63.6 20. 8 32.0 606W LN... 26, 4 33 2 16. 67.6 24. 4 31.6 606E LN 24 34. 8 25. 5 68.8 24. 4 32.4 607W LrP... 20. 4 46 R 18 2 60.0 20 R 34.0 607E LbP 25. A 49. 2 29. 66.0 24. 8 37.2 608W LrP... 18. 4 45 2 17 A 58.8 21 A 33.2 608E LbP 22. 4 47. 2 22. 8 58.4 21. 2 35.2 609W LK... 18. 39 A 12 8 47.2 16. 4 26.8 609E LK 20. 32. 4 15. 46.8 14. 8 28.8 610W LK.. 17. A 39 A 19 4 54.0 19. 2 31.6 610E LK 28, 4 37. 2 17, 9 51.6 16. 4 28.4 1916] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 277 I o Qj H t-H ^ B OOO O 3 COO COO 0000 OOO OOCC o o oc< 3 COO sa TJIO or- 3 OO OO o5 oo oo O tf !OSC Od i (NO 3 OO Xg "5O t-C 5 OOO 003 CN 00 l^ (N (NO t.e INC 3 (NO 2a t So D CO 00 O t^- 00 00 (N OS O o o t- r- oo OOO t^oc os a 5 CO i - 0000 COB oco coc- 9 OOCO OOO O 00 00 O O OC CO 00 00" 3 OO 2a *T(< OCt iO O O w 3 OOO1 OCO OCO OO 00-* ** oo oo coo oo Otf TJ.IT 3 ^"00 (N = OO OCt i OOCM NT)I OCS ^0 ^.0 CN CN OT (i OO sa COi-1 OOCt oo o 3 O. o oc CC t T 1 C *" 3 b- B os s 00 O T O i M OS CO r * os eo i-i N t>i OS OC CO o t e i o OB OS 3 00 CO Tt< 1-< O c 3 * sa oo o 3 1-H * 00 00 oo oo a t-. a t- 3 CN 00 1 "3 E b No soil J2 o ! ^ CO T)< 3 O O O O h o o c g j g 2 278 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, CO B 00-* 0061 O61 -* CN61 -*C1 61-* 00 OOO 6161 ,100 -*co ei --i t~ oo c t- coo i oo * o ooo t~ COCO COCO CO ^ 61 CO COCO COCO ^ ^f COCO COCO COCO 6i ei ei eip -*oo ei6i -*oo -*ei ooei * 0,0 t-p ic co -i co coo i<6i coo -* eico oe t 6ico OOO 00-* COO OC1 OOO 61O COiC 61 TJ< -* 00 OOO CO C C1 O * O C1 t*- 61 OO -i O O ** O COCO COCO 61-* 61CO 61CO C1CO CO-* COCO 61CO 61CO I ED 3 O C ^ ^61 OO OOO 6161 0000 00 ^61 OC1 O M * 1-1 b -u * SOi C OOO OCO ^ O >OO OCO iio OOO OCO 61CO "5CO f-^ CO w i-'O o * TJH ic * ic * coco coco ic c ic-* w ^ *^v ^ I COOO 0000 COO iCCO lOiO OOCO 0000 OO OOX OOCO 2 ^^X OtO Ot^- ^CO ^HM ^fO Ci^ O3O OCt^ QW T^OO <1 i B ICCO >CCO COOO O"C OCO CiC OC OO OOO 0000 COO ICO 61 t~-O U5 1-1 >CO 61CO oc'o 5 -s H w 's -i '-i ci IN co to * '*' >o "C r~ t- oo oo o o o o OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO 1-1 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 279 URBANA FIELD, SOUTH FARM: CHAMPAIGN COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1903 Location. About a mile south of the University campus. Description. The field consists of 80 acres of dark-colored loes- sial and drift soils of slight to medium acidity. Six soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Black Clay Loam, poorly drained phase (Loessial Clyde clay loam) ; (2) Brown Silt Loam On Drift, light phase (Carrington silt loam, light phase) ; (3) Brown Silt Loam On Drift (Carrington silt loam) ; (4) Brown Silt Loam (Muscatine silt loam) ; (5) Brown Silt Loam, light phase (Muscatine silt loam, light phase) ; and (6) Black Silty Clay Loam On Clay (Grundy silty clay loam) . The land is moderately rolling, with a tendency to wash some on the north divisions of Series 100 and 200. It is tile-drained and drains well. The field is divided into eight series of 36 fifth-acre plots each. Each series is further divided into two divisions, the north divi- sion of which contains the plots numbered from 41 to 58 and the south division the plots numbered from 61 to 78. History. Little is known of the previous history of this field ex- cept that it had been used for general farming before the experimental work was established upon it. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The Urbana South Farm field is used primarily for the investigation of crop problems. Four definite rotations have, however, been practiced on the different quarters of the field, where certain plots have been maintained with various soil treatments. On the north divisions of Series 100, 200, 300, and 400 a rotation of potatoes, corn, soybeans, and alfalfa has been practiced. Alfalfa has remained on one division for seven years, while the other three crops rotate twice, after which the alfalfa is shifted to another division. This rotation is known as the Northwest rotation. All the plots in this rotation are handled as livestock plots. Manure at the annual acre rate of 15 tons is applied to each plot for the potatoes. Rock phosphate at the annual acre rate of 500 pounds is applied to all plots excepting those ending in the numbers 9 and 0. When the land was plotted in 1903, a uniform application of limestone at the acre rate of % ton was made to all plots excepting those whose numbers ended in 9 and 0. No further limestone was applied until 1911, when it was planned to apply it regularly once a rotation at the annual acre rate of y 2 ton to the east halves of all plots excepting those ending in the num- bers 9 and 0. All plots ending in the numbers 3, 6, 9, and are known as standard plots. On them, crop varieties or other cropping tests are alike, thus making it possible to study the effects of soil treatment. On the south divisions of Series 100, 200, 300, and 400 a rotation of corn, oats, clover, and wheat has been practiced. This rotation is 280 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, known as the Southwest rotation. In this rotation, plots comprizing the north halves of the divisions represent the grain system of farming and receive crop residues, including red clover seeded in the wheat, while the plots comprizing the south halves of the divisions represent the livestock system of farming and receive farm manure in amounts proportionate to crops produced. In all other respects the soil treat- ments and the standard plots are similar to those described for the north division of this series. On the north divisions of Series 500, 600, 700, and 800 a rotation of corn, corn, oats, and clover has been practiced. This is known as the North Central rotation. The soil treatments and standard plots on these divisions are similar to those described for the south divisions of Series 100, 200, 300, and 400 except that no limestone has been used since the small initial application mentioned above. On the south divisions of Series 500, 600, 700, and 800 a rotation of corn, corn, corn, and soybeans has been practiced ; this is designated as the South Central rotation. The soil treatments and standard plots on these divisions are similar to those on the north divisions of the same series. 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 281 Blck S.lt/ Clay Loam On Cly Gfundy sdty clay loam Son. MAP OF SOUTH FARM. UTJBANA. SERIES 100. 200. 300. 400 282 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, s | >00 l~00 Tf-H 0<0~ * ' ^.CNCO -OIN -Ht-CO ^0>^< S5 -H O Pk 8 &S8 3SS SSS 8SS 2 M ^ NCNCN CNINCN OJCNCN CNCMCN J V 2-i ooooos t-a>o "S COiOCOt^ "5ININO I ^~"~ ~~-^ 2c3 3S OCOO O5INCO s CO O Oi ^COt* COt>-CN COCOO ^r3 O Oi K5 CO U3 *' CN^g COCNCO CNQOCO COCOt- -HCOO OCNCN Oi-HCN P^ i <*> 25 """ "o PH * ^ COCOO (NCOCN OOOcO OO"-"-! ay g C^ CO t- CO t^ 00 lO CO CD 00 CO CO cococo cococo cococo cococo iHOOW i-ilNCS C5COO5 i-liOCO ^^ 00 " 26 CD CO CD CD t* CO b t^ CO t> lO CO 5 "^3j OOOGO COOSCN O5 O CD 00 00 ^ CO O5 10 CO i-< CM CO ^3 (NiNCO COCOtN OOCO CN-< d Pi g"3 oo co oo cNooi x^S O "3 ^ CO CN O O CN O ^i-*CO ^^ _c8 SiSJSi 2J2JJ2- ooo ooo 1- = COCOCO OO5C35 CNINI35 ricOO ^^ *5 1-11-10 ococo 26 CX100O5 OOO500 000000 OOOOO 2S ^w co'ww : : : : : : S >O"5CN CO"5C35 OO5"5 CNCON *S O ^j = : : : : : : i i 4 i i OS rt j PH 2>3 IN CO CO S'coS' --KNOO C?Pco OOt-O3 t~COOO rt ^ coS >*x^^v^ 2cgj CNiNIN ^,^,^, CNCNCM rH 1-1 r-l C*3 O ^3 Ci CO CO t* Oi O5 CO^fCO 2^ | 1 3 5 26 e . "ft Soil treatment a Soil treatment ap "o 6 5* ^^^ t^t^^ HtflW WHS cococn ococo cocoo oroo sj**^^ IOOIO *i*^^ iOO^ l& COCOC35 OCOCO COCOO5 OCOCD Tf^M* UOO*O -^*t^ IC>OO THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 283 COB ""OCO CNCNOS U5^t~ CDOO {7-CNCO ^<^OS e^iOO INJT-CO $3 5^5 ro^i* 5SS :^;^ S":^ : 2c^ c^ :^ . c ^^ : ^- tN^ rfO COCOt- -H^HIN O 00 00 IOCO ?J OS O CM O O r eboCOS . TfcDt^ CNCNCN 2J.2J.JJ CNCNCN lJ.2J 2 >i II StW COTfCN 00>OO> OOOO ^^< lOcOCD OiOTj< tO^OCO og CN-^ COCOTf Os^'O t^-b-OS >-HCNT]< S Oi O COCDN COO3CO PH O "3 d ^ d "^ ^|' OS G* t* CObO ... ... IOO^CO COCOCO^ CNtNNlN cNCNtNCN O2 . . . oot^cs OS OO^ IOCO COl^- COt* COt* cOr-l(N COOCO Oi-iCO TjlcOCO lo 1^ "f^.cO t^-COCO CO ^ r-t^HlO OCOO S CO 1 * OS CO^CO COOSO ScoS? i-HCNCN OtNCN JO'S CO co a t-i-HIN ^OT1< ^^ T 1 14 19 cans Pot O CO 00 t- CO O O t^- CO *O ' OS t~COCO COiOCO IO*OCO t^^O^ 02 1 OQ "S Plot' No. Soil treatment PHP* -PnPM ^ H * *S I- IH t. t, MM ' 'MM cocoos ococo cocoos ococo (NiNCN CNCNCN INCNCN CN O U5U3"O ifJiOiO UJioiO GO CO^CN COOt, ^ oast^- oo ' CN O" M) ' * i * CN as So as x as t oo CN ^^^ ~^^,^ ^,^,^ ^^^ coot~ cooo ^ 22 Sooo asoco CN^H? 2 5 1-1 o PL, S" OCNCN CO-*S 1 1 1-H as_o CNM.CO CNCOCO COCOCO COCOCO cNoot- i-caso looco oscooo ai>"S 1 1 as o O'-iao cooor-i oooot cocor~ ^ .1 Ol O CO Tjt f-H O Tt* ^5 ... ... as_g ocor-j GOCO-H COTJ*CO r^ioo 1 a Soil treatment appli* Soil treatment applif J2 * cococo cococo cococo cococo ^ o (_ U. - ^ U h^ i-J -iJhJ COCDOS OCOCO COCOC1 C^CO ^^^ CtOO ^J*'^J''^f iC iC *O 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 285 2 a ^^ o w-2 * t^OSt^ Ot-IN (NO>O5 s7 a "^ ^< SDtC-* COi-Hr-H cooo o>no Tfu5o osot - S OOO5 t~i^OS fc 8 22 t-COO OOCOb- O'-i'* i-"*"0* M-^IN Wr)n-< -*ot 4o ro CO-*CO CO'-' oooo oooooo 26 ^5 005OTO "-IOO-H tOOOO t^OOOO t>0000 OOt>.l3J OOO500 0000 C^i-cO NWO4 rHCJO TfWCO 2 t ^ o O 05^ 1-1 o PH ^Tj O500O O O O> 1 O-*IN -*i-HOO * o< a S-5 Scjt- iNoom T)-t-O5 rHiH i-HU5t>- COINCO i-l OS i-l So o i-H * "< 0] wo wt- cooico INOS OCOM aitt-^i b "< jQ M.v3 S^ OOOOt^ OCOIN 1-iCOO INMO dOCCO - QCOtO oira 286 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, X o 1 o o O sf o I. .. co S 55 tf 7 ^ CO HH ^^ H P O 02 tf 3 g i i fe < G) ro ro N 'H *~< -5 ass '-- si si b COt- OOOKN ga ,-, ^- . t^tN.00 CDOO O^W -0 K5OO5 OO5O 2S SS$ E; S KSS S{: 26 t^o ot^^ t^t-ro oo>o '-"J'O ro^Tji roroN oo roosos rooo t-oo. oro rot^'H oso^ Nt>-N *!. II CB t- CD OOi-iOi I 1 '*'-" COO. >-lOi-l per acre 2 roroiN Nroco 23 CO. tooio t^o-H roroo r-l~i- Ot>>t- *O O O OOO 1 b 3 00^, ^^0 i-H 1 1 CT) -0 ro^S roSS ^^S5 S?S O jjOics oorooo I 1 2> o.o 550* g'0 --uNro C CO g .^ oo.ro ... ... . 5| . ggp O o> 1 | 1 Plot" No. Soil treatment a ^^^ t^!^^ WWH HHW rooo) ocoo cooo ocoo OOO t*"h*t- OOO l^t^t 1 Plot No. Soil treatment e ^^^ ^^^ HHW H63H rcocj oroo woo ocoo 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 287 s 28 t>-e5t-. ^P^ tNCOiO C?h-*? Sj3 T)orooo CO 'O O OOt~ t^t^tO C0C0O COCOO tt~^ Ol-^O ftNUJ 25 tNiOi-i t-osoo oooooo WOSO5 t-t~SO COCOCO l~l-CO t- O CO MCMO i-ltOO fO^CO CNt^tO 2(3 N 05 dt>-O t-OOC3> I'Tj't-. COOSTjl ^OcOt ^t-lfl 5OO O5C3JO tNiflrJl o"S O rooooo oh-io m coo lOuScO TjtCO^ OTf^ TjtlOlS t-COCO t-t^tN OtNCO COCMW *S Ot^t>. O50000 b-TfiO5 Ol^tO TCMCN CNCOW WMtN CM CO M N.5iO OOt>- 0^3 -^ COlNin OOCOOO OOU5 COCDO1 T"CON CMT1ICO J'TjlCO COT( O5 O ^0 S*~* O5 So? CN O CN ^-,^^ -H e<5 ^^^~,^> N CO f CCcN ^ -^ OOCMO ^ ^-^ C3J^-iOO CCCO -j CNOO5 l^COTji ^ OOb-i-i OOOCO OO^O COOO 2o ^R -HCOrH OC3St WNCO WtNCN bo> mmo iio 2S CNOOOO i-lOO b-COt~ IOCNOO *n OOOiO M"OOO iOOM< -Joo OOCN cco-.cn ag S-2 t~ioio O T)< IN i-luS 10 1 I i^ ^00-H OOfflTtt lOTfO tOOOiO 23 10 a o>-. O>OM IOO>CO OO-^ U5CO"5 U5>OO UJTJIU5 nt applied 2 I 2 ^ 1 "E s ocoo t^r^i^ cococo t^t^r^ .r~t- cotoco t~t^i^- CNCMCN CNN coc^oo cot* 1 "* oscso occoo 2 CO^JiCO "J'^-* COCOIN CO^CO cococo cocC'CO cocoes CNCOCO s| ... OOO C05 OOCOO OOO5 OOO-H OXNCO a"! So OOO OOO OOO OOO 2n i- ^ 838 85S : : : : : : 25 Ot->-i INiO: OOOO iM(NOC 2o OOCO O^H CC-^00 iOt-HO ^ -^ ^ COCOCO T}< ^ CO 0$ CO C^ gS oSS 5SS : : : : : : ^ o v O O COt^-00 CO^O t-t>CO CO^fO O 43 lll.lll C5 rH ^H O5COGO OW^H IOQOO WCt>- 2> O^HCO lOiOCD 1-1 gj OC-JO5 Tt*tO - 1 *^^ t- fci . t- t- H^lJ " "~ ' N rc^co ococo cooo oro^o cococo cococo cococo cococo 19S6] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 289 ill E- c C&t~O O*iOO OO>O WOC"5 S^ ssor~ oofO'* eoe> cor*"-! 26 a g 2 I 1 OCOCO *HCSOO T^CO'H OOt^lN qi'vm e ** ^< if-fn co >Q o COCO' f^t-^S 1 i-tilr* COU?f^ OOO'-i OO'-'O CaoOCO ... i"O>iO -e B 8| 2 I 02 OOTj< OOO--< OSI^OO M-tO ^*M WJ"T)< COWl-H WTjlTl" WTtliO'* US^OO c^ ^ ^ ' ^ T J (NINCJCJ c * (NCR tO C^OO ... ... NNi-l ... ... (NCOIN ?5^ 'J'COt^ HO'* 0000 lO O5r-i ft^i oscocs oco oo-^-co 02 2-2 CO (CO ^-KN c IN - *"5O OO^ MNOS iJ"^U5 2n COCOi OO^OO SrS OCDO5 >rtr>-fj ONOO 1COSIN j-oico o O S ,N rtlOr-C 1--I-I t-IOt- O-HO so 00 t^t^co COt^cO u^ > O coco-* cocso t-CDOJ tT}t>. tOtOOO Ot ^O t^"S p o ro-*c* (NCOO ^O 00 r i??21 SiSJJJ O^b- M5O 2cS ^P toot~- ecO(>- eq-ii-i oowo iO CO O CO CO tO CO CO "S iOcOt* GCOCN tiHt 00>Ob> OO'-ICO 2o Ot~^J< fOOO =-6 cscOTfi TfiNoo coroco >ooo>o S OOWO r-CN--! 1 ^Tjl OOOCO tNN'H lOi-lO ^r^ Tj'TflO t-(NN (M rf> oiflo t~>cco O-HCR t~i-i(N *!) r. ii * i i ^ s g CNrHOO inStN CO i-C Tjt C?"?? "6 co fe gc OS i i s-s O OQ ^S cocoes co-*w . . . CNni^> ^^TJI iflioo *>* >44 Ploti No. Soil treatment ; ; . a*Q^ &<&< CLJV : -PL,OH t3 13 ; "s >s jj'jj : t. >. ,_; j : ->j>j SSS tfeirt SS2 ^^^ ^^^ WHSJ KKW CCtDCTi OTO5O COtOO OfOCO (CCOCD ttt>. tt)!Oi IN CN) t~" -^i O to tO CO O to to 23 ssl O5_O 005 * co "-i os t to t- to -IINCO Nb-O ooo ooo a o 1 n O i-l -* o to t. OOINO OOtOIN 00 CO b. 04 i-l O> OCO-* rHCOCO i-i ^ ^i n 5 O-*IN t~O< I X 00 O X t t rt 2 l^CO^H t^t^tO 9 O O CO CO OS O ~o o ^^ to o ^ os t-t- CD WO 1 23 OSOOOS OC- *.*<* 1 t^. tO * COGCOI CO CO CO COCOCO 23 CO g OOOSC3 NINO ooo o to o I c i-iOOS OXCO osoco cooso 05 1 1 "1 (NOO i o i CO OS OS OO?f 03 XOIN OSi-iO c i 1 1^. t- x oo os So oosto tooi< OS OS to "a 1 i 1 a 03 Plot No. Soil treatment *** ooo ooo ooo n.Q_, ' *CL,PH - * ' *H ^ *" CO tO OS O CO to *** ooo Plot No. Soil treatment eotoos ocoto ^* ^ ^ ooo ^ Tt* ^** OOO 292 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, 2$ O5J3 '"'o O'fco USINO >-iOO5 USOOOC c o o OOO>M COCOCM 5DINCO OO'^i'- co>oco co^-* 11 t-CO-^" O1--IX COCOt^ OU5CO t^r>.co t^t^t- 1 ri -ICNCO TlKNt^ NOSt- tt>-us COCNIN CNCNIN *,3 OCNCO t~CC^ 1 *> >>s tqoooo lO^o? co a CO OS OS OS *~* t* J -COO OJOCO 20 s ot-us OINO 00t~t 000000 O31-C* t^Tfl'.JI 03^ TjoOM ... O(NOS T-lCOi-H OS -HO CM a ^-i^ 1-iooco U5 CO us CO CO US OS US CO O c COCOh- OOU3US COCOUS UScosi *OSO usoj^i 2u of- OOOCO uSi-HOS INCOCO (NCOCN t~cot- mow 0) o a i-H i-l 5O US i-l OJ *TJCO co-*co OOt- i-llMCD 26 OS t- OS IN US US US CO COUS OOCO^ CO^fTC cousTfi -^coco 2o o fc i-itN OOOt- tot- cot^co OSNCO cooes ust>.us coco-* a Ocoo -*OON t* CO CO CO CO O -"t-i-l COi-HOS b .-< 0) IN > 05 rt o oT rH * t- COO^H --' ^^ co coo o o O CO t CO t^ CO t^ IN CO CO CO t- -*o 00.2 iJCi OU5fi. OOCOCN O I OOcNCTi TfcOCN COO"3 ujiO^ Or-iU5 OCN"? 2J.2J2J CNOOO OO^f 2O-*iO TjiiOTjt INtb- N>iN 09 O C -O O IN CO CO CO N OS 26 a ^s cococo wt~-* us us us us US CO OOUS CNU5O3 o d OSOOS COCOCO US COTf CO CO CO T)ii-iU5 i-ioOt^ 26 2? -liN^t OOOXO 1O 1O^< ^^Tt< OOTlliO COWCO a ^s Ot^co TjXNi-i t~cot- t~b-t- "5 CO US OOO c< O5 1 ( * t 1 t 1 CO m oooooo rHrHrH JJC^JJ i-HUSOS TfOOCO o k CNOJCO OOCO COCOCO 1- I- t- * -< O CO PS? * J*O50C iNMi-i o o> t~rt OWN CO CO CO CO CO CO cgj 'J'COCO COCOIN 26 COt^T* t-1-IO COUSUS USCOCO o INUS^JI UJCMO t^t^t^ t~oooo "!P US-^OS COINW p COO1IN iHCO-* ent applied 19 ent applied Co OSOOO CNCNcN 4>us^< USUSUS o i-"t^- INCOO ^"US^ Tl< TflUS | 1 '5 02 2* %%' i ^'-' rtrtrt SSS cotoo> occeo TjlTtl-Ol 10>OIO CLJ di P &< (Srtrt SSS CO CO OS O CO CO ^ T>< TC U3 US IO Plot No. Soil treatm %% : :%%' rtrt SSS CO CO Oi O CO CO ^Tj<^ 1^10^5 %%' i '** rtrttf SSS CO COOS O CO CO ^JITJIT)! UJUSUS 000000 000000 THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 293 a z d Ra- ff P b OQ izT 3 O o O o O T g P g i s a < fe a H P C CAj d a a < z < a t eo ft 2 'i 2 I 26 IN C oocico ^0X3 ediNfri >oooo co co co co ^ co iceco looooi ft E s o s OO5N "5-- -H T)O^ o m a 1 toio^ co-Ht^ *** COcOtO oo oo IN CN'OOO sf 1 o e COCO-H CN IN IN ^.ClC COCOO OCOO 9 O COOc-l O"5O CONM coco-* to to to cot^f^ 2d i C CO 00 >O O5 CO N CO CO .-It, rH t~ 2 >. c yj c OOOSO) . i-i-lrt CN?1(N CO^>-< CO'*^' 26 O S O5O5T< COOCO lOtOtO tOCOiO t~OO -"CcOt-. ,2 i tn p COIOTJI ININC^ ciSici OOSCO lOOtO 26 3E CO ^J< O5 >H T>! T)< Tj< IO t^O8-OiOcO 9 gSs tococo ... INtO'H OOTf T)< t^tOOO COM-H t~ I s - co t"- t-l*- 00 fH 00 Oi C3 CO . . . v-t co co t^ O co ,_;,_; ^ tOOW OCOTjl a & B Z O d O B = >; i 1 O a (OOOOO O5NO i-n-ii-c i-KNIN COt-N t-iOiO TJI >ot-- coco"-* CO CO CO CO ^}* ^ tDOtD tOCOrH todtb t^oooo cot^to toO-* IOIO>O Oi->oo Sop's? t,^t~ OOtO CNCN.-I i-l-H <- 1 * tO-H COCOCN dcoo .-HOJIO *co-^< cococo Oi Ci i IO IO 00 ect~o: fh-co CO to tO CO CO to IOO-* OCO'l' 1-1 or~ O-^< r- oo >ooi ooosoi tOtOI" tOiOiO t>-toiO co^oo totgto ^<*. tOOO to ,-noeO 00 O5 ^J* CN O 00 tO>OTjt lOcoio COCOO ^COto SSol SfeS CNO 1 * eocsco ^h COCOO IO5OJ 9 lOt^ O OCOCO COCCCO t^h-t- COCOCC COCCCO 294 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, K H S CO o! ^ gpQ- fl coco-* n ^to5 -HU5T). S o tor-io toooos xi 'o CQ CN a | i Oi 00 CO CO O O CO c- d 23 -* d '-iCOOJ t-OO ja i OQ S 1-1 ^ """ -^^^ -o O 5 CO CO c O B t - -. -i 23 o d COCNO OOb-"5 * CO -H t-H CN CN o O O t t-* * CO ^ CNrHl-l 1-lCNCN c O5 t-* 00 * 8 O COCS-H -^r i> _ 23 a a U5 CD CO to O O CO CO to to t- t* O d t'- co -* * t co tO CD CO CO CO CO O O CO CN O) CO al l COCOCN CNCNCN 00 to to OS CO t- c o o; co oo CD cs OOCOC35 ?J*'O5 SJi COCOCN o tOO)f~ <35t-0> ^n co o co o r-- o -2 00 Oi CD "1 oo d 23 O5 CN CO to * CO COOO r-lCOO rn Soybeans ( OOCOCN PcOc>J 2| 23 00 tOoOtO OOCOCN COOCN i-HOOt- (2 o d OCN5 "OCOO1 CNOOO COCO3 COCNO5 r-IOSt- O5 O COOI-- CNOCN tO CO to to CD CO o O c to i i d t^ * oo COOCCN OOO-* 2d (N i-H O> COO IN 8 O - CNCO--I t^OO-H Oi O O G CO CD O to CC CO CNCOO COCN* o o d CO CN IN r-t cO CO CO CN CN to CN tO H os CDd tO Ci CO t~ i-H tO O 1 1 D t-coco cot>-co COCNOO S'inP 23 * d tOCOO COCO-* O 9 o a COCOCO COO CO CN OOCO O O O (M O3 1 1 T ( tOt-O b-CNCO COCOCO CN-*CO COTfICO COOSi-H ,2 1 00 a 1-1 rt Cd-ci CN--I-* tOOOOO Si rt rH 1-H 3 tj ^ j 5 ^ g OSOOCO OCOOO co d U c CO CO CN *"* t O a COOOO N.CNCN tOt^OO -*-*CN 05 3 "-IOO3 CNt-00 O5COO t-C3iOO T3 .5 "a 9 . Plot No. Soil treatment i COcOCTS OCOCO COCOC75 OCOCO oooooo oooooo Plot No. Soil treatment cocoa ococo oooooo oooooo 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 295 OLD VIENNA FIELD, JOHNSON COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 DISCONTINUED 1911 Location. About two miles southeast of Vienna on the farm of Mr. J. M. Price. A part of the N.E. ^ of the N.E. ^4, Sec. 9 and a part of the S.E. i/4 of the S.E. %, Sec. 4, Twp. 13 S., R. 3 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 5.6 acres of soil described at the time the field was established as "red clay, a soil typical of the unglaciated hill sections of the state." The land was more or less rolling with a tendency to wash. It was not tiled. A part of the field was low and wet. The field was divided into three series each of which contained 5 fifth-acre plots. History. The old Vienna field was leased from Mr. J. M. Price. Previous to 1902 the land had been cultivated for about fifty years. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The original rotation was wheat, corn, and cowpeas. In 1905 this was changed to corn, wheat, and legumes. Cowpeas were seeded in the corn at the last cultivation on all plots except Plot 1 for use as residues. Phosphorus was applied yearly in 200 pounds of steam bone meal an acre, and potassium in 100 pounds of potassium sulfate. Slaked lime was applied at the acre rate of 1,800 pounds in 1902, and in 1903 eight tons of limestone an acre was also applied. No more lime was applied. 296 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, * H c/: I > 1 a c *ig M - I e g IN 00 00-00 COtO^CNOO 'S ""' o O O COCOCONCO 5 ^,^^^^ " o 2S iflTtt^OCO 1 NoSao2 "S ^Ht~t--*5D g IS COCO^THO 5O 00 (O 00 CO g co oo co ^ TJ* ooscotous 'S "E S 6 oo "S o & OOU5COOO c ...I o CO * i-H IN CO MCSCOCOCO ed from t ~* O sssss d ft remov moles. o S t-ocre ^ 0) ic > c^ co co "S CO"-iOi)!D as ii i I ^-* CO CO CO O 1 OO'tOSCOO a TjitOCOCOiO * 1? u a tt O CO 00 W COO U5 Oi O5 CS O d rror the y poor s | i"H O OC *C O O . If 1 ^-OXUS e E USU,^,^^ H . o 1-1 o O * rtrtrt O CQ CO "H 1 ^ ^ co e o ^ COOCO^CO ce ^.CO^OO SQ f 00 .-I o.SJ Oft CSC iQOOOkiQOb i -00 000t~ 'I 03 us co Tf CM o> 09 Oi GO Cs O ^H og "S 1 d from Plot 1 and plowed dow 'The pods were harvested b Soil treatment a treatment. 'Growth remove very weedy in 1907 and 1911 J2 "NCO^US OOOO IJ2J2 --- ^NCO^ui 'No lestume weighed. 4 Hay 1926] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 297 NEW VIENNA FIELD, JOHNSON COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1916 DISCONTINUED 1924 Location. About one mile southeast of Vienna. A part of the N.W. 14 of the N.E. 14, Sec. 9, and a part of the S.W. ^ of the S.E. i/4, Sec. 4, Twp. 13 S., R. 3 E. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 16 acres of light-colored loes- sial upland soil of strong acidity. Three soil types have been mapped on the field: (1) Deep Gray Silt Loam; (2) Yellow Silt Loam; (3) Yellow-Gray Silt Loam. The land is more or less hilly and rough and was drained by surface drainage. The field was divided into five series containing 7 tenth-acre plots each. The series were arranged on the field in such a manner as to prevent, so far as possible, washing from one plot to another. History. The Vienna field was purchased by the University for the purpose of studying methods of reclaiming eroded land, of preventing washing so far as possible on a practical basis, and to compare the merits of rock phosphate and acid phosphate on such soils. Cropping and Soil Treatment. The rotation established on this field was corn, cowpeas, wheat (seeded to timothy in the fall and early the following spring), clover (with timothy), and timothy. About 4 tons of limestone an acre were applied to all plots in the fall of 1915. Two tons an acre were applied each rotation thereafter. The rock phosphate was applied at the rotation rate of 1 ton an acre in three equal applications for the corn, cowpeas, and wheat. The acid phosphate was applied in the same manner except that only half a ton was used in each rotation. The residues plowed under were for the most part cornstalks. They were rolled down in the fall at right angles to the slope of the ground. The manure was applied in amounts equal to the total weight of all the produce (excepting the corn stalks) grown on the respective plots. 298 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, Fc r : : :-i Dr*p Gray Silt Loam I Yello^ S.It Lom !!!'] /.How-Gray S.It Loam SOIL MAP OF NEW VIENNA FIELD 19S6] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 299 TABLE 109. NEW VIENNA FIELD: SERIES 100-500 Bushels or (tons) per acre Plot No. Soil treatment applied 1016 Corn 1917 Cow- peas 1918 Wheat 1919 Clover 1920 Timothy 1921 Corn 1922 Cow- peas 1923 Wheat 1924 Clover 101 LRM. . . 10.0 6.2 17.3 (3.46) (1.30) 24.8 8.8 22.2 (2.52) 102 LRMrP . . 5 6 3 22 (2 85) (1 25) 27 4 9 1 23 2 (2 64) 103 LRMaP 10.9 4 9 25.5 (3.03) (1.55) 23 5 5.7 27.2 (2.96) 104 LRM . . . 12.1 4.0 22.5 (2.84) (1.35) 25.5 7.2 25.3 (2.51) 105 LRMrP . . . 10 3 4 16 5 (2 65) (1 00) 24 6 6 21 6 (2.54) 106 107 LRMaP L 11.9 11.6 4.0 7.8 22.5 14.2 (2.27) (1.87) (1.50) (1.00) 27.8 22.8 3.6 8.8 24.0 12.3 (2.76) (1.29) Cow- peas Wheat Clover Timothy Corn Cow- peas Wheat Clover Timothy 201 LRM . . . 7.8 15 3 (2 10) (2 93) 50 32 27 9 (1 89) (1 . 60) 202 LRMrP 9.9 17.8 (2.40) (3.20) 54.5 33.1 30 1 (2.57) (1.83) 203 204 LRMaP LRM 8.8 9 8 19.5 18 3 (1.97) (2 00) (3.53) (3 30) 52.8 57 1 30.0 29 8 31.1 30 3 (2.51) (1 88) (1.71) (1 66) 205 LRMrP 9.6 17.3 (2 30) (3.01) 54 28 5 29 8 (2.59) (1.73) 206 LRMaP... 9.2 12.8 (2.40) (3.45) 48.9 26.3 26.9 (2.15) (1.51) 207 L 8 9 6 5 (1 43) (2 65) 44 2 18 14 9 (1 43) ( .87) Wheat Clover Timothy 1 Corn Cow- peas Wheat Clover 1 'imothy Corn 301 LRM . . . 3.5 (3 28) 3.3 10.3 11.5 (2.65) (1.37) 31.4 302 303 304 LRMrP LRMaP LRM 3.9 3.5 10 (4.07) (4.14) (2.51) 13.1 13.1 8 7 13.3 11.8 10 8 14.5 14.8 12 2 (2.50) (2.38) (2 07) (1.27) (1.16) (1 03) 37.0 43.8 33.1 305 306 307 LRMrP LRMaP L 14.3 13.8 10.7 (2.82) (3.46) (3.58) 8.0 7.1 6.6 11.5 10.7 14.7 11.8 11.5 9.1 (2.33) (2.32) (2.09) (1.39) (1.24) (1.04) 35.3 28.9 26.1 Clover'.' Timo- thy" Corn Cow- peas Wheat* Clover 2 Timothy Corn Cow- peas 401 LRM... 11.1 8.8 (1.65) 42.9 (1.15) 402 LRMrP 7.3 7 5 (2 30) 35 6 (1.55) 403 LRMap. .. 7.1 8.0 (2 51) 31.5 (1.67) 404 LRM 10 7 8 8 (2 25) 42 (1 70) 405 LRMrP 15 4 10 (2 46) 42 6 (1.87) 406 LRMaP... 12 7.7 (2 42) 35.6 (2.00) 407 L 10.0 9.2 (2.27) 25.1 (1.27) Timo- thyi. Corn Cow- peas Wheat Clover Timothy Corn Soy- beans 2 Wheat 501 LRM... 23.2 3.4 12.5 (1.84) (1 29) 28.7 7.5 502 LRMrP.. . 30 4 2 14 2 (2 31) (1 15) 31 7 9.0 503 LRMaP... 48 4 3 3 19 3 (3 00) (1 65) 48 2 15.2 504 LRM 43.2 4.4 17.0 (2.15) (1.66) 42.1 15.2 505 LRMrP... 39 6 4 2 17 5 (2 30) ( 88) 43 7 16.5 506 LRMaP... 46.6 4.8 18.5 (2.75) (1 29) 48.0 15.0 507 L... 38.4 5.6 11.7 (2.25) (1.31) 56.9 7.7 "No soil treatment. 'No yields taken. 3 No manure. 4 Wheat winterkilled. 300 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, VIRGINIA FIELD, CASS COUNTY ESTABLISHED 1902 DISCONTINUED 1923 Location. About three miles southeast of Virginia on the farm of Mr. George Conover. A part of the North side of the N.W. *4 of the S.W. %, Sec. 14, Twp. 17 N., R. 10 W. of the 3d P. M. Description. The field consisted of 11.1 acres of dark-colored loessial upland soil described at the time the field was established as a black prairie loam rather clayey in nature. The soil was probably not very sour. The land was fairly level. It was not tile-drained and in some seasons the drainage was not very good. The field was divided into eight series, four of which contained 10 tenth-acre plots and 4 which contained 4 tenth-acre plots each. History. The Virginia field was leased from Mr. George Conover, and after his death from the Conover estate. Prior to 1901 the field was in grass for three or four years and pastured some. The north side of the field had some manure applied to it in the fall of 1900. It was in corn in 1901. Cropping and Soil Treatment. A rotation of corn, oats, and legumes was practiced on Series 100, 200, and 300. Cowpeas were seeded in the corn at the last cultivation on the residue plots. This practice, however, was discontinued in 1912. Phosphorus was applied at the annual acre rate of 200 pounds of steamed bone meal and po- tassium in 100 pounds of potassium sulfate. Slaked lime at the acre rate of 285 pounds was applied in 1902. No further applications were made until 1915, when limestone was applied at the acre rate of 4 tons. Thereafter, limestone was applied once during the rotation at the acre rate of 1,000 pounds a year. Manure was first applied at the acre rate of 6 tons once during the rotation. After 1908 manure was applied in proportion to the amount of produce grown. Series 400 was cropped with a rotation of corn, corn, oats, and wheat in what was called a complete fertility test. Nitrogen was applied in 800 pounds of dried blood an acre a year applied twice in the rotation, half ahead of each corn crop; phosphorus was applied in 200 pounds of steamed bone meal and potassium in 100 pounds of potassium sulfate per acre per year for the corn crop. The lime appli- cations have been similar to those on the first three series. Series 500, 600, 700, and 800 were unplotted until 1919. Prior to that time alfalfa was grown on the land. At that time a rotation similar to that on Series 100, 200, and 300 was established on Series 500, 600, and 700, and a rotation similar to that practiced on Series 400 was established on Series 800. Crop residues were returned to all plots of all four series. Limestone was applied at the annual acre rate of 1,000 pounds. Plot 1 received steamed bone meal at the annual acre rate of 200 pounds; Plot 3, acid phosphate at the rate of 333 pounds; and Plot 4, rock phosphate at the rate of 667 pounds. 19S6] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 301 NJ W0t-^ OOWCO^OO CO C TjflNOOOOCO COCO-^OIN 25 ** P ^* f- O CO *O COiCCOCCt* 26 N& sssfeg ssssco?: COCNCNCOO OOT>iCNOOO """o !e* ^cNVi^ 2 SfecN ^f2K N .^* N :' H OCO^COCN 5 < v^ v^ v^ ^^v^ So o c SSSS5 SS^SS 26 "" sssss 3 a C-*OIN(N TfcOOOOO -H > COt^OOCDt^ OOOOWOOOO '""'o 3 8 Co, 2288^ SSSS2 2-2 -NCOCCO OtNCNOOO CO * s M CO o SSSSS 8SSSS 26 a cooooot^oo oooooooot^ go iC G M< C55 i-( C7> 1 O51COOOCD OCOCOOCiC COCDOOON PH 0? StSS^tS SSwSK 2f, INi-llNi-(CN CNCNC<1CNCN K o co t< "s "C? ^ CoSco2 !82lc oo CM ICTJI^OOIC IC-HOCOOO || 1 1-1 o O JiSJSiSJSi S.G2-id- 1-H CO 1 1 O5 ~ CNOOOOt^N t-O3OOt^ COCOiCcCt^ COiCt^-cOO OOCOtNCOTjl OOOCD^CN ^ r ~ l oj z I-H pq -0 COcN^CN*" 1 COCN'icO'""! CO 00 Tf O5 1C 1C O 00 t- O 2o *CNOi-Ht~ iCi-ii-i(NCO iC^CCOiCiC iCcOiCiCiC ^^ *"* O5 O ! 2 T-l g -6 1 1 iCiCiC^iC iciciCiCiC O 1 Plot No. Soil treatment a ' p^^^^fij OOOOO OOOO-i Plot No. Soil treatment i ^CNCO^IC coh-oogso OOOOO OOOO-i 302 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, ScS$ S2 M 5 OOCOCO^N WMQOt--. ^Q (N -CO W * C*3 CC ^ i-(O 5ioS?5< co^oiSco OO-HOOSrt ^00^C M C CNCOC^OO ^*OOOOCN 2o 22 OOOOOC<35 CX> CO ** CO CO 00 sj COOOOt- OOcNCOO 26 OOOOt^t^OO OCOOO! OJ ,00, rooo -2 *CO~-*>0 W^CO^O 00 OB COOOCOOOOO O'Oi-ltN'* 0> C as ,H ,_( t-< ,_ I-H rtSSIS 05 5feS SggSS is oic^i-i!!;^ c-i^a' C 'S o o cocj'-'cooo pooeoooco o "o ^ >^ SJ S3. SJ2i *r* oolSttS t?J5!28S si O"5OiOO Ob-COCO"-! -O o. CO_o * o COCOOOOCN "OXCOCN'>i< 3 cop OJ OS -"O 1 "5. 5 26 J 1 (Mr-icOO^CO O'HOQOCO CO -^ ^ CO Tt^ 1C O *O Tt< iO Plot No. Soil treatment -J ii Plot No. Soil treatment i CNNCNNCN NCNCNCNCN 1926} THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 303 3 9 2S cocooco30 O30ooo30 w'i'Sl; CN i Cu S 23 = l wocoiouj ^jonr^occo r-^i-.-'-. 0030303030 ^jr^s^^ s^os^ccS 2 = ^o *^O " 3 cOiO^COiO s<5 i-i^OSO 1 ^ 1 fOCNCNCOcO co>ococot cot-t-r>-t os a (NfNINO-* Or(<30 SS: h-OOOQ-^ O'- | M'--1'-I30 30WT(ICOCN O-HCNOON CCO'T)CO-< CO^^W-* * * # * * II IMWONO T-n-iU5tCcD i- inr-t- ^ost-^tO TjiTf^wco ^co^^eo 30 - 26 O * CM T* 30 COCOCN^O hJ(N(MtTj< Tf30C5"5't< lOCOCOiOCO COCOt^cOCO (O30WOO an-4n J:J! COtNt-W CCOOWOCCO CO^COCN W^M-HOO -O fC^tOCOIN USO>f W"* 3000001^00 3030X3000 ^o iMi-i-H-HjH cNCqiNWCN p *"3 lNCOt-CO rtiMOO-H w'-ii-i OOC^HO^ COM ^O^"5OJ i-HO'-'OOO) *** M N (N CJ i-l cq i-i_N N N O5OOSMW O^OOOCO to" 2cS >7 a irj^OTloO COCOOCOCO (N30CC30CN XCNO30CN ~o ~3 -HOIN OTiCOt^ * ^ti * TC co TfTi-00 COCOOOOON- (NM^INC^ U3 <>. -i"ON!DO i-l 1-1 i t-. CO ^CO'tCOCO TJ< CO H i-l CN ^<-*OoOO OOCOCDCOCD Oi - OU5INC<5 NUJrtiOIN ^r^ OOCOOcNOJ t--icOOCO t^ ti U5U5C1 I ^ < OMCOOU5 00 C tOcO'J'COX CNTjtcD^Tji $ -0 G t^O^OO INO5U3T*-H ncD"5^< t>.l~P3t~t- OCU3INOOOO Ojq -^ * ffl OCTjiTjicO-H OSCOilNM CNCNCNCO- J O'-"O O^OJOSO 25 U5 C CO^OJWt ITJIOOCO CO CO * * CN 5OICCOU5CO r)< 00 TJ 1 CO O COOO-*O 2o CO C cc^Ht^ooo tofsocoo U5TjQ& sfe* ^zfez-S oiJ^JiJi-3 ^h-l.-WZ -uNro-^io o?f~oco OOOOO OOOO> ' ll 42nJJ3CL| :a:3W ZZ^z^ c___-^ MMMl^K i-'CNCO'J'U) COt-OOOiO OCOOO OOOO-" ^1 ^. TJ. TT T)< <(< Tfl T(< -am On Compact \//.\ Ve'lo* Sanjy or Gravelly ?| Mea.um PlMtk Clay. I-I-^J Silt Loam On Drift r.'.'.'j Yellow-Gray Silt Uam On Tigtit CUy F: : : : : : | Deep Gray S.It Loam I | Gray Silt Loam On Tight Clay Ky.'j Velio. Silt Loam SOIL MAP OF WEST SALEM. FIELD 308 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, g s H K P hJ g t i s s i < v: E-i x P i CN O COOt^OO OOO^CN CM 1 * ^ b > oooreoo OOCNOO h-o 2 Q CN O O 00 CN O *3< t*> O *< F-< rn CN re ^**t- COCNI--" o ^ o ""GO'S rt t~- O O O t^- 00 t" CO O CO "-INCNW i-HCNCNIN COi-i Ot^oot- t^t^core oooo B OONCOO COcNCNOO COO 2o M-CO O Oi O> O COCO O O 1 Oi-ccNre CNOOWO OO cM^^^t* cNcNrere re> < INOOOOO OOt-O OOO rtrt rHrt rt 26 si WCOCO i^rHC^ -^*H I s - 00 00 CO CO t* t* 00 ^ CO co re -^ <^ CN re t^ o CN'ScSoS' S'oOCNCO t^t^ nBJ 3 re re eo co o coocer~ cooooo M g ^oVo ore Q coreot^ ooooo -^o 00 0=-ffi5J OOOO LOS 00 oooot^ O--ICN-H oo 1 > 23 O ^^^^^ iH r-l -1 "-I O OOOOOO'* t-CNCNCO NCN t *> >> B OOCN orooco ore CNCOCO^* rere^^ ^CN co CN re * ' t~oo^ coco B cot^oo i-cre 25 ""rew^ rerere S^ ~~~~ "'^'"S 2^ o o "-icNrere i-HiNcNcN ^r-i 2^| CNOOOCO .^ -O 8 Oi-i- CN CM CN KNW* ocor-oo oo rererore corereco rere 1986] THE ILLINOIS SOIL EXPERIMENT FIELDS 309 1 ~ a^s m o w oo -ow^a d E NOO oot . CO H CN MOO '-' I-* i-H IN COt- IN O) o "S ro>^< ^NCOTJ.0 Oi ^O (N (M V > SS55 =S=Si 8S i-i CO T)< CO t o ^~^-,^^ Ci ^0O ooo^ooco g S5| oo a 5DO5IMO O 1 INfOCO assas 2o OS if3 1^00 ^t~-H|^tX) j* 0-<1(N 00 5:8 (N00i-"00 IN>OOOW on >> S ^P^O ^.1. iS MCOOCO -H- ^ OS 00 1 f < iflTXcceo OOCO^O i" OQ CO^H 1C C^ -UN OQ ^ ^ l-H-H^-HINCN OJCNOtOtN 2o WOBOM' oCr-iroiNO g .^^ . OCOINCNW i i * ~ ^a oSSc^ .!M ^1.1 TjTjl(NlON ^^-J^ *!0t-002 U t- CM 00 00 00 IN i Wt~ m a O^OOM- ^COMU,^ "S Ci O0'--00 OOt-Tj.Wrt 2d IOCC005 -< (N--I co .ore w^.r- S -_ * o -oo- Hi ^^co -o i "5. O a 3oil treatment : : ipj 2 -hj'J^ obbo 1^55 ooodo iO O ^O O ;jj5j3 310 BULLETIN No. 273 [January, - gg -= "o mo _ QJ coo s a* , g iC O IN CD || 51 1-1 co "S cod s GxJ. GO'S N^ o o 52 c^ ciJ- GO'S d.^ EH h X I| = GO'S 1C O coco Timoth sid "S V coo 00-* 1 Ot- -id Timoth ss - N V CN 4> > O i O ""GO'S 5! 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