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 BALTIMORE 
 
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 General Statements in respect to the Courses 
 of Instruction which are offered to 
 Graduates of Colleges and other 
 Advanced Students 
 
 publication Agency of the Johns Hopkins University 
 1888 
 
Press of Isaac Friedemoald 
 Baltimore 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Faculty, 1887-88 5 
 
 Statements as to the Several Courses of Instruction : 
 
 Greek 8 
 
 Latin 10 
 
 Shemitic Languages 11 
 
 Sanskrit and Comparative Philology 12 
 
 Romance Languages 15 
 
 Teutonic Languages : English and German . . 18 
 
 History and Politics 22 
 
 Mathematics 27 
 
 Astronomy 29 
 
 Physics (including Applied Electricity and Mag- 
 netism) 30 
 
 Chemistry 38 
 
 Mineralogy and Geology 42 
 
 Biology (including Physiology and Morphology) 45 
 Psychology and Pedagogics ; Logic and Ethics 49 
 
 Pathology 54 
 
 Drawing 56 
 
 Physical Training 57 
 
 Libraries 59 
 
 Graduate Students, 1887-88 61 
 
 Tabular Statements 69 
 
The next academic year begins Monday, October 1, 1888. 
 
 Full information as to degrees, fellowships, scholarships, 
 tuition, and other points not included in the following state- 
 ment, is given in the Annual Register. 
 
 All communications should be addressed to the Registrar 
 of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. 
 
 May , 1888. 
 
FACULTY, 1887-88. 
 
 Daniel C. Gilman, ll.d., President of the University. 
 
 Basil L. Gildersleeve, ph.d., ll.d., Professor of Greek. 
 
 G. Stanley Hall, ph.d., ll.d., Professor of Psychology and 
 Pedagogics. 
 
 Paul Haupt, ph.d., Professor of the Shemitic Languages. 
 
 H. Newell Martin, dr.sc., a.m., m.d.. Professor of Biology, 
 and Director of the Biological Laboratory. 
 
 Simon Newcomb, ph.d., ll.d., Professor of Mathematics and 
 Astronomy. 
 
 Ira Remsen, m.d., ph.d., Professor of Chemistry, and Director 
 of the Chemical Laboratory. 
 
 Henry A. Rowland, ph.d., Professor of Physics, and Director 
 of the Physical Laboratory. 
 
 William H. Welch, m.d., Professor of Pathology, and Director 
 of the Pathological Laboratory. 
 
 John S. Billings, m.d., ll.d., Lecturer on Municipal Hygiene. 
 
 Herbert B. Adams, ph.d., Associate Professor of History. 
 
 Maurice Bloomfield, ph.d., Associate Professor of Sanskrit 
 and Comparative Philology. 
 
 William K. Brooks, ph.d., Associate Professor of Morpho- 
 logy, and Director of the Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory. 
 
 William T. Councilman, m.d., Associate Professor of Anatomy. 
 
 Thomas Craig, ph.d., Associate Professor of Applied Mathe- 
 matics. 
 
 A. Marshall Elliott, ph.d., Associate Professor of the Ro- 
 mance Languages. 
 
 Richard T. Ely, ph.d., Associate Professor of Political Econ- 
 omy. 
 
 George H. Emmott, a.m., Associate Professor of Logic and 
 Ethics, and Lecturer on Roman Law. 
 
 Harmon N. Morse, ph.d., Associate Professor of Chemistry, 
 and Sub-Director of the Chemical Laboratory. 
 
 William E. Story, ph.d., Associate Professor of Mathematics. 
 
 Minton Warren, ph.d., Associate Professor of Latin. 
 
 George H. Williams, ph.d., Associate Professor of Mineralogy, 
 and Director of the Mineralogical Laboratory. 
 
6 
 
 FACULTY, 1887 - 88 , 
 
 Henry Wood, ph.d., Associate Professor of German. 
 
 William Hand Browne, m.d., Librarian, and Associate in 
 English. 
 
 Henry H. Donaldson, ph.d., Associate in Psychology. 
 
 Louis Duncan, ph.d., Associate in Electricity. 
 
 Fabian Franklin, ph.d., Associate in Mathematics. 
 
 Edward M. Hartwell, m.d., ph.d., Associate in Physical Train- 
 ing, and Director of the Gymnasium. 
 
 William H. Howell, ph.d., Associate in Biology. 
 
 J. Franklin Jameson, ph.d., Associate in History. 
 
 Arthur L. Kimball, ph.d., Associate in Physics. 
 
 Edward Renouf, ph.d., Associate in Chemistry. 
 
 Edward H. Spieker, ph.d., Associate in Latin and Greek. 
 Henry A. Todd, ph.d., Associate in the Romance Languages. 
 Philip R. Uhler, Associate in Natural History. 
 
 Elgin R. L. Gould, ph.d., Reader in Social Statistics. 
 
 Herbert Weir Smyth, ph.d., Reader in Greek Literature. 
 Woodrow Wilson, ph.d., Reader in the Science of Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Cyrus Adler, ph.d., Instructor in the Shemitic Languages. 
 Ethan A. Andrews, ph.d., Instructor in Osteology. 
 
 Bolling W. Barton, m.d., Instructor in Botany. 
 
 B. Meade Bolton, m.d., Assistant in Pathology. 
 
 James W. Bright, ph.d., Instructor in English. 
 
 William B. Clark, ph.d., Instructor in Palaeontology. 
 
 Henry Crew, ph.d., Assistant in Physics. 
 
 Julius Goebel, ph.d.. Instructor in German. 
 
 Marion D. Learned, ph.d., Instructor in German. 
 
 Gustav A. Liebig, Jr., ph.d., Assistant in Electricity. 
 
 Charles L. Reese, ph.d., Assistant in Chemistry. 
 
 Frederick M. Warren, ph.d., Instructor in French. 
 
 Hugh Newell, Instructor in Drawing. 
 
 Charles L. Woodworth, Jr., Instructor in Elocution. 
 Hartvig Nissen, Instructor in Gymnastics. 
 
GENERAL STATEMENTS 
 
 AS TO THE SEVERAL 
 
 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 
 
 The Johns Hopkins University was opened in 
 1876 for the instruction of young men in various 
 branches of knowledge. Thus far the Faculty of 
 Philosophy has alone been fully organized, but the 
 formation of a medical faculty has been begun and 
 will soon receive further development. In the 
 Faculty of Philosophy, the instruction is carried 
 on by university methods and by collegiate methods 
 corresponding with the requirements of students at 
 different stages of their advancement. University 
 instruction is offered to those who have already 
 taken an academic degree, or who have otherwise 
 fitted themselves to pursue advanced courses of 
 study. Collegiate instruction is offered to under- 
 graduates, who have the choice of several prescribed 
 courses of study, all of them leading up to the 
 degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the following pages 
 full information is given with regard to the plans 
 which are followed in each of the main depart- 
 ments of instruction. 
 
8 
 
 GREEK. 
 
 GREEK. 
 
 The instruction in Greek is directed by Professor Gilder- 
 sleeve. His own courses are given in a Seminary, which 
 consists of the Director, Fellows, and Scholars, and such 
 advanced students as shall satisfy the Director of their fitness 
 for an active participation in the work by an essay, a critical 
 exercise, or some similar test of attainments and capacity. 
 All graduate students, however, may have the privilege of 
 attending the course. 
 
 Each regular member is required to take his turn as in- 
 terpreter, critic, analyst, and special fields of research are 
 assigned according to progress or bent. It may be added that 
 while the Seminary demands a large portion of the student’s 
 time, the requirements are not so great as to preclude inde- 
 pendent study in other directions, and care is taken so to 
 direct his private reading, that in the usual period of prepa- 
 ration for the higher degree a comprehensive knowledge of 
 Greek literature and Greek life may be gained. 
 
 By these arrangements the students are brought into 
 closer relations with the professor and encouraged to perform 
 more independent work and engage in more extended experi- 
 ments than would be possible on a system of mere recitation 
 or the simple hearing of lectures. 
 
 The subjects to which attention has been given during the 
 last decennium are these : 
 
 1878- 79. Lucian. 
 
 1879- 80. Aristophanes. 
 
 1880- 81. Attic Orators. 
 
 1881- 82. Plato. 
 
 1882- 83. Aristophanes. 
 
 1883- 84. Greek Historians. 
 
 1884- 85. Attic Orators. 
 
 1885- 86. Plato. 
 
 1886- 87. Aristophanes. 
 
 1887- 88. Greek Historians. 
 
GREEK. 
 
 9 
 
 The methods followed have been described in successive 
 annual reports, which may readily be consulted. 
 
 The centre of work in the Seminary during the past year 
 was Thucydides ; for the next year it will be the Attic 
 Orators. The Seminary meets in a room especially devoted 
 to its purposes, where the classical library is arranged and 
 opportunities are afforded for quiet study during the day 
 and evening. This library includes the principal Greek and 
 Latin texts, commentaries, etc., and in the plans for its 
 enlargement, special attention is paid to providing year by 
 year the newer books which are important for current 
 study. 
 
 In addition to the work of the Seminary, courses of lec- 
 tures are given by the Director, and by other qualified per- 
 sons. For example, during the year 1887-1888, Professor 
 Gildersleeve gave a course of lectures on Greek syntax, ex- 
 tending through the year, and a course of practical exercises 
 in Greek composition, translation at dictation, twice weekly 
 during the first quarter ; Dr. Smyth gave a course on Greek 
 historical inscriptions twice weekly through the year, a 
 course of lectures on Greek archaeology, weekly through the 
 year, and a public course of four lectures on Greek lyric 
 poetry. In addition to the courses above named, Mr. J. R. 
 Wheeler was engaged to give eight lectures on the topog- 
 raphy of Athens, and Mr. W. M. Arnolt gave instruction 
 weekly in New Testament Greek. 
 
 Undergraduate students who select the classical group of 
 studies are required to follow the class work in Greek, five 
 hours weekly through two years, in addition to other studies. 
 The texts read vary from year to year, including selections 
 from orators, poets, and historians. Exercises in Greek 
 composition and in reading at sight are likewise required. 
 To extend the acquaintance of the student with Greek liter- 
 
10 
 
 LATIN. 
 
 ature, he is obliged to read by himself certain prescribed 
 authors, and to pass an examination upon them. Dr. 
 Spieker, associate in Greek and Latin, has had during the 
 past year, under the guidance of Professor Gildersleeve, a 
 large part in the classical instruction of the undergraduates. 
 
 LATIN. 
 
 Instruction in Latin is given on a plan similar to that 
 already mentioned as followed in the courses in Greek. The 
 advanced work proceeds through the organization of a Sem- 
 inary, of which Dr. Warren, Associate Professor of Latin, is 
 the Director. The instruction has two distinct ends in view. 
 It aims first to give students a wider and more accurate 
 knowledge of the Latin language and literature than can be 
 secured in the ordinary college course, so that they may 
 become more efficient teachers ; and secondly, to train them 
 in the methods of scientific research, so that they may 
 become independent investigators. It is not believed, how- 
 ever, that these two ends can be kept separate. On the con- 
 trary, the most enthusiastic teacher is likely to be one who 
 is thoroughly imbued with the scientific spirit. Accordingly, 
 the most important instrument of training is the Latin Sem- 
 inary, which meets twice a week during the year. Each 
 year some author or a group of closely connected authors is 
 made the centre of work. Critical methods are taught, 
 interpretations are prepared by members of the Seminary in 
 turn, and papers are read by them containing the results of 
 special investigations on the syntax and style of authors and 
 on other themes, literary and linguistic. The character of 
 the work can be best understood from a summary which has 
 been printed in a separate paper, copies of which can be 
 obtained on application. The subjects treated during the 
 last six years have been as follows : 
 
LATIN. 
 
 11 
 
 1882- 83. Cicero. 
 
 1883- 84. Terence. 
 
 1884- 85. Roman Satirists, especially Horace and Juvenal. 
 
 1885- 86. Roman Historians, especially Livy and Tacitus. 
 
 1886- 87. Vergil. 
 
 1887- 88. Terence. 
 
 Courses of lectures are also given from time to time by the 
 Director. For example, in 1887-88 he lectured on Latin 
 Comedy and on Latin Syntax, two lectures weekly during the 
 first half-year ; and on Latin Epigraphy, weekly during the 
 second half-year. He also conducted a weekly course of 
 readings in Aulus Gellius, during the second half-year. 
 
 The undergraduate work in Latin is also akin to that in 
 Greek. The authors read differ year by year, but are so 
 chosen that the student may become acquainted with histor- 
 ical, poetical, and philosophical authors. His work in the 
 class-room must be supplemented by a prescribed course of 
 reading which he follows privately and on which he under- 
 goes an examination. Latin composition and sight reading 
 form a part of the course. Dr. Spieker has been associated 
 in this work. 
 
 SHEMITIC LANGUAGES. 
 
 In the Shemitic Seminary, Professor Haupt, Director, 
 instruction is provided in Hebrew, Biblical Aramean, Syriac, 
 Arabic, Ethiopic, etc., and in Assyriology in its various 
 branches ( Assyro-Babylonian and Sumero-Akkadian). In 
 the organization adopted in 1888, a course of three years was 
 arranged. The centre of the work is the Old Testament, 
 special attention being given to the critical study of Hebrew 
 texts and the cuneiform inscriptions bearing on the Scrip- 
 tures. Cyrus Adler, Ph.D., lately Fellow, is the assistant 
 of Dr. Haupt. 
 
 Special consideration is given to the needs of four classes 
 
12 SANSKRIT AND COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY. 
 
 of students ; namely : students of theology wishing to obtain 
 a thorough acquaintance with the sacred tongue and its 
 sister idioms as a means of elucidating Scripture and prob- 
 lems of the comparative history of religion ; students of lin- 
 guistics intending to make comparative grammar of the 
 Shemitic languages their specialty ; students of Oriental his- 
 tory and archaeology desirous of drawing directly from the 
 original sources ; persons looking for instruction in the living 
 Oriental languages (as modern Arabic or Amharic) for prac- 
 tical purposes. 
 
 In these various courses, the seminary method is followed 
 throughout, the student being from the first brought face to 
 face with the several idioms, without long theoretical intro- 
 ductions. Stress is laid on a thorough grammatical training, 
 imparted in connection with the minute philological analysis 
 of some selected text in the respective languages, printed 
 grammars serving only for occasional references. 
 
 A room has been set apart containing a well equipped 
 working library for all the branches of Oriental research, 
 and some advanced students are usually present to help on 
 the preparations for the recitations conducted by the Director 
 of the Seminary and to furnish any other aid that may be 
 desired. 
 
 A statement of the courses given during the last four years 
 is made in a special pamphlet. 
 
 SANSKRIT AND COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY. 
 
 The most advanced instruction in Yedic Sanskrit is given 
 under seminary organization (of which Professor Bloomfield 
 is the Director), weekly, through the year. The subject of 
 the work for 1887-88 is The Literature of the Atharva-Veda. 
 The order of themes treated is somewhat as follows : 
 
SANSKRIT AND COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY. 13 
 
 1. The position of the Atharvan in Vedic literature. 
 
 2. Survey of the contents of the published form of the Veda. 
 
 3. The cakhas, or schools of the Atharva-Veda. 
 
 4. The ritual of the Atharvan. 
 
 Dr. Bloomfield has at present in his possession, as loans 
 from the British Government in India and from native 
 scholars, about twenty MSS. bearing upon the ritual practices 
 of the Atharvan. These are open to inspection and study, 
 and afford a somewhat unusual opportunity for handling 
 native materials before they have passed through scholarly 
 criticism. Some of these texts are now being edited by 
 members of the Seminary. 
 
 The work of the Seminary is supplemented by courses of 
 reading in the Hitopadefa and Manu, by an introduction to 
 the Rig- Veda, and by practical exercises in grammar and 
 prose-writing. 
 
 In Comparative Philology the work is two-fold. First, a 
 course in the general principles of linguistic science, together 
 with an exposition and criticism of modern methods in 
 scientific grammar. Secondly, a comparative study of 
 Indo-European accentuation, with special application to 
 the accent of Greek. The latter course is carried on under 
 seminary organization, with discussions and contributions 
 by the members. 
 
 Courses of instruction are annually provided in Sanskrit, 
 in the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European lan- 
 guages, and in general linguistic science. These courses aim 
 to meet the wants of those who wish to devote themselves 
 to the study of these branches exclusively and for their own 
 sake, i. e. those who wish to become Indian philologists or 
 comparative grammarians ; and also the wants of students 
 of philology in general who wish to obtain a broader lin- 
 guistic basis for special studies in other departments of 
 philology. 
 
14 
 
 SANSKRIT AND COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY. 
 
 A prolonged course in Sanskrit, involving two lectures a 
 week during two years, is planned so as to furnish a good 
 knowledge of classical Sanskrit, and to include an introduc- 
 tion into the dialect of the Vedas. This should be supple- 
 mented by the course in general linguistic science (one lec- 
 ture a week during one year, cf. above), and these two 
 courses represent an amount of material sufficient for a sub- 
 sidiary subject for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 
 
 The advanced work aims especially to meet the wants of 
 those who wish to make Indian Philology or Comparative 
 Philology their special study. Instruction is given by prac- 
 tical exercises, lectures, seminary work, and where possible, 
 the use of native Indian manuscripts. 
 
 A synopsis of the courses offered during recent years 
 (1881-87) (which is printed in the Annual Report for 1887, 
 and in a separate paper), may thus be summarized under 
 three heads : 
 
 I. Courses in the general principles of comparative 
 philology or linguistic science, and on special chapters 
 thereof. 
 
 II. Courses in the comparative grammar of the Indo-Euro- 
 pean languages : comparative study of Indo-European 
 vocalism ; comparative grammar of Sanskrit and Zend ; 
 comparative phonology of Greek ; historical and compara- 
 tive study of Greek accent ; comparative study of Greek 
 inflections ; Greek guttural consonants. 
 
 III. Vedic, Sanskrit, Prakrit : Rig-Veda ; Atharva-Veda ; 
 literature of the Brahmanas ; Kau 9 ika-sutra from the 
 MSS. ; A 9 valayana’s Grhya-sutras ; comparative study of 
 the Grhya-sutras; law-books of Manu and Yajnavalkya; 
 Hitopade 9 a ; Kathasaritsagara ; ^akuntala and introduc- 
 tion into Prakrit ; Nala ; practical exercises in Sanskrit 
 prose ; elementary Sanskrit. 
 
ROMANCE LANGUAGES. 
 
 15 
 
 The seminary room of the department contains a well- 
 selected library of books on Indian (Vedic, Sanskrit, Pali, 
 Prakrit) and Iranian (Zend, Persian, etc.) literature. 
 Notably, the more expensive lexical works are placed for 
 convenient use of the members of the seminary. The lead- 
 ing periodicals bearing upon these subjects — a number of 
 them published in India and difficult of access — are to be 
 found upon the tables of the seminary. The library of the 
 Peabody Institute also contains a valuable collection of 
 books bearing upon these studies ; most noteworthy among 
 them is a full set of the Bibliotheca Indica, the largest 
 collection of Yedic and Sanskrit texts, and the Indische 
 Studien, the leading special journal devoted to the science 
 of Indian antiquities. 
 
 ROMANCE LANGUAGES. 
 
 Advanced instruction in Romance Languages is so planned 
 as to cover at least three years, and is directed by Dr. A. 
 Marshall Elliott, Associate Professor of Romance Lan- 
 guages, with the assistance of Drs. H. A. Todd and F. M. 
 Warren. The subjects of instruction are divided into three 
 distinct sections : a purely linguistic, a purely literary, and 
 a composite group (intended to unite the first two), and each 
 of these groups has its special instructor. Every one who 
 intends to take a degree in Romance Languages must work 
 in these three lines, which are so arranged as to supplement 
 one another according to the attainments and bent of the 
 student. The first year is chiefly spent in preparation for 
 seminary work, to which the student is generally admitted, 
 as an active member, at the beginning of the second year. 
 During this preliminary period, a practical knowledge of the 
 principal Romance Languages is acquired (a thorough 
 acquaintance with Latin and Modern French being pre- 
 
16 
 
 ROMANCE LANGUAGES. 
 
 supposed), a brief survey is given of the history of the 
 science, together with an introduction to the use of scientific 
 methods in language and literature. With this equipment 
 the student is prepared to begin an appreciative scrutiny of 
 special texts with their critical linguistic and literary appa- 
 ratus. He is taught to handle his materials with discrimi- 
 nating judgment and, according to his progress, subjects are 
 assigned to him for investigation which tend to develop the 
 patience and the accuracy necessary to a careful investi- 
 gator. In literature as in language proper, it is particu- 
 larly to the origins that his attention is directed. By exten- 
 sive reading required in connection with the subjects taken 
 up, he is made familiar with the different phases of opinion 
 held by leading European scholars, and is thus enabled to 
 control certain parts of his subject within well defined limits. 
 Toward the end of the course the student is expected to con- 
 centrate upon some single line of work within his general 
 field. It will be observed, then, that from the outset the 
 student’s work in this course is comparative, and that he 
 moves from the general to the particular. In the early part 
 of it, the object is to give a broad basis to work on, by 
 making him sufficiently familiar with the different idioms to 
 use them readily, by way of illustration, in his subsequent 
 studies. Dialect-study and phonology are made essential 
 features of this plan of studies. During the last year 
 (1887-88), the Picard and the Norman dialects have formed, 
 on the French side, the centre of work for first and second year 
 students, and the Gallo-Italic group, on the Italian side, for 
 third year students. 
 
 The subjects to which attention has been given in the 
 Seminary for the last five years are as follows : 
 
 1883- 84. Anglo-Norman Dialect and the Oaths of Strasburg. 
 
 1884- 85. Cantilene de Sainte Eulalie and Fragment de Valen- 
 ciennes. 
 
ROMANCE LANGUAGES. 17 
 
 1885- 86. The Franco-Norman Dialect with the Vie de Saint 
 Alexis. 
 
 1886- 87. The Oaths of Strasburg and the Cantilene de Sainte 
 Eulalie. 
 
 1887- 88. Old French Paraphrase of the Canticum Canticorum 
 and the Fragment de Valenciennes. 
 
 In addition to the work of the Seminary, lectures are reg- 
 ularly given at stated periods of the course : (1) on French 
 phonetics, (2) on Old French syntax, (3) on Romance mor- 
 phology, (4) on French dialects, (5) on Italian dialects. 
 
 The special lectures on literature run through the whole 
 period of three years. 
 
 The Seminary meets in a room especially set apart for its 
 use, where the Romance books and journals are collected. 
 The following Journals are accessible to the student : 
 
 Zeitschrift ftir Romanische Philologie, Romania, Revue des 
 Langues Romanes, Herrig’s Archiv, Franco-Gallia, Archivio 
 Glottologico, Romanische Forschungen, Zeitschrift fur Neu- 
 franzos. Sprache und Litteratur, Franzosische Studien, Studi di 
 Filologia Romanza, Propugnatore, Giornale Storico della Letter- 
 atura Italiana, Neuphilologisches Centralblatt, Literaturblatt 
 fiir Germanische und Romanische Philologie, Revue de l’En- 
 seignement des Langues Vivantes, Le Canada-Francais, Revue 
 Internationale de l’Enseignement, Le Moyen Age, La Revue 
 Celtique. 
 
 Besides these, a special publication, Modern Language 
 Notes , is issued monthly by members of the modern lan- 
 guage department of the university, in which are repre- 
 sented the most recent literary and scientific phases of lin- 
 guistic research in the modern idioms. 
 
 Undergraduate students who select Romance Languages 
 are required to follow class work for five hours weekly, 
 through two years, during which time they will read exten- 
 sive selections from modern, middle, and old French texts, 
 and be made acquainted with the general laws of French 
 
18 
 
 TEUTONIC LANGUAGES. 
 
 phonology and morphology. Private reading is also required 
 of the student, which varies from year to year according to 
 the authors taken up in class. 
 
 TEUTONIC LANGUAGES.- ENGLISH AND GERMAN. 
 
 In the Teutonic group of studies, under the guidance of 
 Professor Wood, instruction is provided in German and 
 English in all periods, and in the historical development of 
 the more important sister dialects. The advanced courses 
 are arranged according to one plan, with the primary object 
 in view of imparting a thorough linguistic and historical 
 knowledge of the two chief languages of the group. Dr. 
 Browne, Dr. Bright, Dr. Learned, and Dr. Goebel are 
 engaged in instruction. All the courses centre in the Teu- 
 tonic Seminary and the English Seminary. The seminary 
 method is also followed in most of the other courses. Some 
 one text is chosen and minutely analyzed. In addition, each 
 member of the class is required, from time to time, to pre- 
 sent a study of some topic connected with the subject in 
 hand. In assigning such work, both in class and seminary, 
 allowance is made for individual aptitude and bent. 
 
 The philological training given is intended not only for 
 those who expect to devote themselves to Teutonic or Eng- 
 lish philology, but also for students of English literature. 
 Purely literary studies are on an equal footing in the semi- 
 naries with linguistic research, and will be equally furthered 
 with counsel and guidance. 
 
 The Teutonic Seminary is divided into two sections. In 
 the first section the subjects studied during the last two 
 years have been Old High German and Low German (the 
 whole period from Old Saxon to Plattdeutsch). In the 
 second section the contents of recent journals and books are 
 reported on and discussed, and original papers are read. 
 
TEUTONIC LANGUAGES. 
 
 19 
 
 In the English Seminary the work during recent years has 
 included Beowulf, the Romantic movement in English liter- 
 ature, the literature of the Elizabethan period. Bi-weekly 
 journal meetings are held, and in them original papers are 
 presented and discussed. 
 
 The following is a list of the advanced courses given during 
 the years 1884-1888 ; the numbers appended showing how 
 many times the whole course has been given. All the 
 advanced courses in German were given by Dr. Wood. 
 
 German . 
 
 Old High German (three times). 
 
 Low German : Old Saxon Grammar, Heliand (once). 
 
 Low German: Middle and New Low German (Liibben’s Chres- 
 tomathyand Lauremberg’s Scherzgedichte) (once). 
 
 Gothic (four times). 
 
 Middle High German : Elementary Course (four times). 
 
 Middle High German: Parzival ; Nibelungen Lied; Minne- 
 sang’s Fruhling (each once). 
 
 Comparative German Grammar (twice). 
 
 Old Norse : Introduction, and Prose Readings (twice). 
 
 Old Norse : The Edda (once). 
 
 Old Teutonic Life (Lectures) (once). 
 
 German Literature in the 16th and 17th centuries (Lectures) 
 (once). 
 
 Goethe (Interpretation of selected poems) (once). 
 
 English . 
 
 Beowulf (three times). Dr. Wood. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon Grammar (three times). Dr. Bright. 
 
 Middle-English Grammar (twice). Dr. Bright. 
 
 Romance of Octavian; Piers Plowman; Chaucer (each once). 
 Dr. Bright. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon Poetry : Andreas, Elene, Juliana, Caedmon (once). 
 Dr. Bright. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon Prose : Aelfred’s Orosius and Boethius, Aelfric's 
 Homilies (once). Dr. Bright. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon Versification (once). Dr. Bright. 
 
 Oldest English Texts (Vespasian Psalter) (once). Dr. Bright. 
 
20 
 
 TEUTONIC LANGUAGES. 
 
 Romantic Movement in English Poetry (18th and 19th Century) 
 (once). Dr. Bright. 
 
 Early Scottish Poets (twice). Dr. Browne. 
 
 The room in which the Seminary meets is provided with a 
 library sufficient for the prosecution of philological work, 
 and is open to every member during working hours. 
 
 The following journals are accessible : 
 
 Zeitschrift fur deutsches Alterthum, Beitr&ge zur Geschichte 
 derdeutschen Sprache und Litteratur, Germania, Zeitschrift fur 
 deutsche Philologie, Alemannia, Quellen und Forschungen, San- 
 ders’ Zeitschrift fur deutsche Sprache, Anglia, Englische Stu- 
 dien, Herrig’s Archiv fur das Studium der neueren Sprachen, 
 Schnorr’s Archiv fur Litteraturgeschichte, Zeitschrift fur oster- 
 reichische Gymnasien, Nordisk Tidskrift for Filologi, Bebaghel 
 und Neumann’s Litteraturblatt fur germanische und romanische 
 Philologie, Roediger’s deutsche Litteraturzeitung, Literarisches 
 Centralblatt, Shakespeare Jahrbuch, The Publications of the 
 Early English Text Society, Chaucer Society, Spenser Society, 
 Early Scottish Text Society, English Dialect Society, Ballad So- 
 ciety, etc. 
 
 Undergraduate courses are also provided in German and 
 English which may be followed by any students who find 
 the courses adapted to their wants. The authors read vary 
 year by year, — but the instruction is nearly the same in 
 character, and it is so arranged as to meet the needs of be- 
 ginners of different degrees of intellectual advancement. 
 
 In German, undergraduate courses are provided for 
 
 (а) Students who take a first and second year’s undergraduate 
 course in German. 
 
 (б) Students who follow the classical group of studies; one 
 year’s course. 
 
 (c) Graduates who desire to read German prose at sight, and to 
 write German. 
 
 (d) Graduates and undergraduates who wish for conversational 
 familiarity with German. 
 
 C e ) Candidates for matriculation ; study preliminary to entrance 
 to the first year’s German course. 
 
TEUTONIC LANGUAGES. 
 
 21 
 
 In English, the study of the language and literature is 
 carried on under three aspects : the philological, the literary, 
 and the practical. 
 
 I. On the language side, the guiding principle in introducing 
 students to this study is that English is one language in all its 
 periods and in all its forms, and that Anglo-Saxon, Early and 
 Middle English are only earlier stages of Shakespearian English. 
 
 The study of Anglo-Saxon is therefore begun at once, and the 
 forms and syntax are explained from the resources of English 
 itself in its later periods. The attempt is made in this way to 
 replace the empirical English grammar of the school by a real 
 grammar, which shall be learned historically, in Anglo-Saxon, 
 and in Chaucerian and Elizabethan English. 
 
 Attention is paid to enlarging, systematizing, and fixing the 
 student’s English vocabulary ; and the study of words is entered 
 upon as far as seems expedient. 
 
 The attempt is made to bring students to a point where they 
 will claim Early English as their natural possession, and in some 
 degree know it to be such, rather than to train them to a super- 
 ficial knowledge and dexterity in handling strange forms. 
 
 The elements of English Phonetics are also learned during the 
 first year, and the history of the language is passed in review. 
 
 In the second year’s course the study of Anglo-Saxon is con- 
 tinued in the best monuments in prose and poetry, and historical 
 English grammar is taught as a whole. The dialects of Early 
 English are studied in their representative works. 
 
 II. In the literary aspect, English literature is studied as the 
 continuous exponent of the best thoughts and feelings of the 
 race, and its continuity and representative character are always 
 kept in view. With the less advanced students this study is pur- 
 sued in a somewhat synoptical manner by tracing the stream of 
 English literature from its beginnings, in the works of its chief 
 writers, portions of which are read by the instructor, or by the 
 class under his guidance, with necessary elucidations. The 
 development of style and changes in language are explained so 
 far as seems expedient; the object aimed at being to give the 
 student such a general knowledge of the whole body of the litera- 
 ture, that thenceforth no part of it will seem alien to him. 
 
 With more advanced students a similar plan is pursued, but 
 with more detail and precision. An important period or group 
 
22 
 
 HISTOKY AND POLITICS. 
 
 of writers is studied, with some representative writer as the cen- 
 tral figure. The historical events of the time, the manners and 
 customs, the political and religious movements, the position of 
 men of letters, and their relations to the rest of society, etc., are 
 reviewed as preliminary to the study of the texts. The work 
 selected as central is then studied with critical care, and cor- 
 related with the events of the time and with contemporary litera- 
 ture. 
 
 II T. The third, or practical aspect, looks to English as an organ 
 of expression ; and the object aimed at is to help the student 
 to know good writing from bad, and to acquire the power of 
 expressing himself in clear, sound, manly English. To this end, 
 writers of acknowledged excellence are read, and the reasons of 
 their excellence pointed out. Original papers are also submitted 
 to the instructor, who, in his comments, does not limit himself to 
 correcting errors and noting defects, but also endeavors to ex- 
 plain and illustrate the principles of good writing. 
 
 The American Journal of Philology , edited by Professor 
 Gildersleeve, is now in its ninth volume. It covers the whole 
 field of classical and modern philology. 
 
 HISTORY AND POLITICS. 
 
 The work of this department is under the direction of Dr. 
 II. B. Adams, aided by Messrs. Emmott, Ely, Jameson, 
 Wilson, and Gould, and such occasional lecturers or addi- 
 tional instructors as may be found necessary. As at present 
 organized, the work of instruction aims to accomplish three 
 main results : 
 
 1. The preliminary training of students, both graduate 
 and undergraduate, to such a knowledge of the essential 
 facts and principles of general history and politics, as will 
 contribute towards a liberal education, and serve to fit men 
 to pursue advanced courses in special branches of these 
 sciences, with a view to taking the doctor’s degree, or to 
 entering the study of law or some branch of the civil service. 
 
HISTOEY AND POLITICS. 
 
 23 
 
 This training-process is pursued in undergraduate class- 
 courses, where systematic and positive instruction is given 
 by means of required text-books, lectures, essays, oral reports, 
 and constant drill. The work extends, in its various 
 sections, over a period of three years (see College Courses, 
 Sixth Group, in Register). Graduates of other institutions 
 who have not had the equivalent of the preliminary courses 
 in History and Politics are expected to make up their defici- 
 ency by extra work in undergraduate classes. 
 
 2. Advanced instruction in history, economics, historical 
 and comparative jurisprudence, historical criticism, methods 
 of research, historiography, politics, administration, social 
 science, and statistics, for graduates, or special students of 
 mature years, if qualified by ability and previous studies to 
 pursue such courses. Undergraduates, pursuing a course 
 for the bachelor’s degree, are not allowed to take graduate 
 work. Advanced instruction is given chiefly by lectures, 
 accompanied by private readings on the part of the students, 
 and by frequent examinations, both oral and written, upon 
 the special topics presented for consideration. 
 
 (a.) In a three years’ course upon the History of Politics, 
 Dr. Adams presents each year characteristic phases of the 
 ancient and the modern State, by means of representative 
 courses of lectures, with required examinations upon the 
 same and upon private reading in assigned fields. The first 
 year is devoted to the early history of institutions and to 
 Greek politics, the first semester, and to the history of 
 Prussian politics, the second semester. The second year, first 
 half, is given to Roman constitutional history, and, second 
 half, to French absolutism. The third year, the two centres 
 of instruction are Germanic federations and Anglo-American 
 institutions. Each year’s work is independent and complete 
 in itself. 
 
24 
 
 HISTORY AND POLITICS. 
 
 (6.) Mr. Emmott offers a three years’ course in Historical 
 Jurisprudence, with the following subdivisions, each com- 
 pleted in one year : history and principles of the Roman 
 law ; comparative jurisprudence of the principal European 
 systems ; history of the English law of real property. 
 
 (c.) Dr. Richard T. Ely gives to graduates and special- 
 ists advanced instruction in Political Economy, extending 
 through a period of three years, and relating to the history 
 of economics, money, banking, finance, commerce, social 
 and industrial problems, such as the management of rail- 
 roads and corporations. 
 
 (i d .) Dr. J. F. Jameson has developed a systematic course 
 of three years’ instruction for graduate students in Modern 
 Historical Criticism, Modern Historiography, and Modern 
 Methods of Historical Research. He is also developing, in 
 an independent way, the history of the United States and 
 of the individual States, from the formation of the Federal 
 Union. In lectures and original studies he covers, in each 
 annual and progressive course, a period of four years. 
 
 (e.) Dr. Woodrow Wilson has been engaged for a three 
 years’ graduate course in Administration and Comparative 
 Politics. Among other topics, he considers: the general 
 principles of administration as illustrated in the central and 
 local governments of France, Germany, England, Switzer- 
 land, the United States, and Italy ; the administration of 
 civil justice ; town and city government ; sanitation and 
 poor relief ; financial administration ; education ; reorgani- 
 zation ; responsibility; control. Each year’s course is com- 
 plete in itself. 
 
 (/.) Dr. E. R. L. Gould, Expert in the U. S. Bureau of 
 Labor, will give occasional short courses of practical lectures 
 upon concrete problems of Social Science, and upon Economic 
 and Social Statistics, with illustrations by graphical methods. 
 
HISTORY AND POLITICS. 
 
 25 
 
 3. The development of a spirit of original research among 
 the more advanced members. This end is attained chiefly in 
 individual ways, by the constant association and cooperation 
 of students and instructors, not only in advanced classes and 
 in various fields of special work, but in an organized society 
 called the Seminary of History and Politics, meeting in its 
 own special library one evening each week for the report 
 and discussion of original studies. For several years the 
 scientific researches of members of the Seminary have been 
 more especially in local fields of American institutional and 
 American economic history, but there is now a growing 
 tendency to extend inquiries into the broader domain of 
 comparative politics and economics. The best results of 
 original and organized inquiry by this department have been 
 published in nine volumes of ‘ ‘ Historical Studies. 9 ’ Recently, 
 under the direction of Dr. Adams, the history of higher 
 education in individual States on the Southern Atlantic sea- 
 board has been written by students representing those States. 
 The results will soon be published by the U. S. Bureau of 
 Education, and an extension of the work of historical inquiry 
 into States in the Northwest and Southwest is now proposed. 
 Under Dr. Ely’s guidance, special attention has recently 
 been given to comparative studies in finance, and to the 
 history of taxation. 
 
 Library Facilities ,— The department of History and 
 Politics occupies at present several rooms in the story imme- 
 diately above the main library, with which it has a double 
 connection. In the main library are kept general works of 
 reference, standard literature, ancient and modern, and 
 some of the chief authorities in the general fields of history, 
 philosophy, art, and science. Here also is a “ New Book 
 Department,” in which are exhibited recent publications of 
 scientific value in French , German , or English. The leading 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY AND POLITICS. 
 
 periodicals of various countries are to be found in the main 
 library, which serves also as a general reading-room for the 
 entire university. In the historical rooms above are grouped 
 the more special collections of books, pamphlets, and period- 
 icals relating to history and politics. The largest room, 
 51x29 feet, is exclusively devoted to graduate work and 
 contains the best part of the Seminary library. Here is the 
 Bluntschli collection of law and politics, with many valuable 
 manuscripts on Swiss customs obtained from the family of 
 the Heidelberg professor. Here, too, are some of the manu- 
 scripts of Francis Lieber. American and European history, 
 political economy, international law, the science of govern- 
 ment, administration, social science and statistics, are the 
 principal fields from which materials have been gathered for 
 seminary-use. Altogether the seminary collection numbers 
 about 12,000 volumes. Lectures to graduates and seminary- 
 exercises are held amid an environment of books. Under- 
 graduate classes have their respective rooms, with an equip- 
 ment of maps, diagrams, and works of reference for class 
 use. Instructors have their private offices where, at certain 
 hours, they may be consulted by their students. The 
 department has its special librarian, Mr. J. M. Vincent, who 
 gives such assistance as may be needed in the use of books, 
 and who lectures upon library administration and literary 
 methods. Among the library-facilities of the department 
 should be mentioned the easy access of students and 
 instructors to the valuable collections of the Maryland His- 
 torical Society, the Mercantile and Law Libraries, the Whit- 
 tingham Library (especially rich in Church History), the 
 Pratt Public Library, and the Peabody Institute, which con- 
 tains 90,000 volumes and is especially rich in the sources of 
 European history. 
 
 Visits are occasionally made to Washington for the con- 
 sultation of the Congressional and other libraries. 
 
MATHEMATICS. 
 
 27 
 
 MATHEMATICS. 
 
 The more advanced courses in Mathematics vary from 
 year to year, and are so arranged that a student who remains 
 here two or three years may receive continued and systematic 
 guidance in any one of several directions. The head of this 
 group is Professor Simon Newcomb, whose personal instruc- 
 tions are given chiefly in theoretical and practical Astron- 
 omy. The courses in pure mathematics are given by Asso- 
 ciate Professors Story and Craig, with the co-operation of 
 Dr. Franklin, and with such other assistance as may be 
 requisite. Subjects in mathematical physics are treated by 
 Professor Rowland. The less advanced subjects in mathe- 
 matics are nearly the same every year. 
 
 Students properly qualified have open to them the fol- 
 lowing courses : 
 
 In Arithmetic , Algebra , and Geometry : 
 
 Theory of Higher Plane Curves. 
 
 Solid Analytical Geometry. 
 
 Modern Algebra. 
 
 Theory of N umbers. 
 
 Quaternions. 
 
 In Analysis : 
 
 Theory of Functions. 
 
 Linear Differential Equations. 
 
 Abelian Functions. 
 
 Elliptic Functions. 
 
 In Astronomy : 
 
 Spherical Astronomy. 
 
 Practical Astronomy (with use of instruments— see beyond) 
 History of Astronomy. 
 
 Computation of Orbits. 
 
 Perturbations. 
 
28 
 
 MATHEMATICS. 
 
 In Applied Mathematics : 
 
 Hydrodynamics. 
 
 Theory of Elasticity. 
 
 Theoretical Dynamics. 
 
 Problems in Mechanics. 
 
 In Mathematical Physics : 
 
 Theory of Light. 
 
 Thermodynamics and Conduction. 
 
 Electricity. 
 
 Magnetism. 
 
 Theory of Sound. 
 
 Undergraduates are annually instructed in : 
 
 Advanced Algebra (introductory to the Calculus). 
 
 Theory of Equations. 
 
 Conic Sections. 
 
 Differential and Integral Calculus. 
 
 Differential Equations. 
 
 Solid Analytic Geometry. 
 
 Seminary work is carried on by Professor Newcomb, Dr. 
 Story, and Dr. Craig. 
 
 The principal books and journals relating to pure and 
 applied mathematics are arranged in a special library con- 
 venient to the classrooms. All the leading mathematical 
 journals are regularly received, besides the publications of 
 learned societies abroad and at home. Complete sets of the 
 Comptes Rendus, Philosophical Magazine, Crelle, Mathe- 
 raatische Annalen, Acta Mathematica, Grunert, Poggen- 
 dorff, etc., are accessible. 
 
 The university has a collection of about two hundred and 
 thirty geometrical models, illustrating the forms of mathe- 
 matical solids, surfaces, and curves, their singularities and 
 varieties, and the methods of descriptive geometry by which 
 they are represented on a plane. 
 
 The American Mathematical Journal , founded by Pro- 
 
ASTRONOMY. 
 
 29 
 
 fessor Sylvester, and edited in recent years by Professor 
 Newcomb and Dr. Craig, has nearly completed its tenth 
 volume. 
 
 ASTRONOMY. 
 
 The instruction in Astronomy is given by Professor Simon 
 Newcomb, and includes a study of the principles of the 
 science, illustrated and enforced by practical exercises. Dif- 
 ferent branches of the subject are taken up in different years. 
 Before the present year it was taught only as a subsidiary 
 subject, and a student generally took up but a single branch, 
 either Spherical Astronomy or the elements of Celestial 
 Mechanics. In 1887-8, the courses were so extended as to 
 cover the ground required to make it a principal subject. 
 The general plan of work is now as follows : 
 
 One year of the course, generally but not necessarily the 
 first, is devoted to Spherical and Practical Astronomy, the 
 Theory of Instruments with the principles which underlie 
 their use, and the history of the science. During the year 
 1887-8, Chauvenet’s Manual was the text-book in the first- 
 named subject. For instrumental practice a small meridian 
 circle has been procured, which is provided with nearly all 
 the accessories accompanying the largest instruments, so 
 that the student may make himself practically acquainted 
 with their use. An equatorial telescope of inches aper- 
 ture is also among the instruments provided for practical 
 work. 
 
 Among the subjects very fully treated during the present 
 year were the theories of precession and mutation, with their 
 application to the reduction of places of the fixed stars, the 
 development of functions in periodic series, the theory of 
 errors, and the method of least squares. The seminary 
 course in the history of astronomy included readings from 
 
30 
 
 PHYSICS. 
 
 and comments on the Almagest of Ptolemy, a general review 
 of the works of the leading astronomers of ancient and mod- 
 ern times, and an account of the successive steps by which 
 the instruments of the astronomer were brought to their 
 present state of perfection. 
 
 It is intended that another year shall be devoted princi- 
 pally to Celestial Mechanics, the computation of perturba- 
 tions, and the correction of orbits, using Watson’s Astronomy 
 as the text-book. The third year may be devoted to such 
 special researches as the taste and aptitude of the student 
 may lead him to engage in. 
 
 PHYSICS. 
 
 The instruction in Physics is under the charge of Professor 
 Rowland, Director of the Laboratory, with the aid of Drs. 
 Kimball, Duncan, and Crew. 
 
 The courses in Physics are designed to afford suitable 
 instruction and guidance for all classes of students, from 
 those just beginning the study to those already prepared for 
 advanced work. Courses are also provided in applied elec- 
 tricity, of which an account is given beyond. 
 
 The laboratory is a handsome and commodious building, 
 117 feet long by 71 feet wide, with four working floors, 
 besides the basement. Beneath the basement are constant 
 temperature vaults, for the dividing engines used in ruling 
 gratings for optical purposes, and comparators for measuring 
 lengths. In the front part of the basement are the instru- 
 ment shops, and the engine and dynamo rooms. In the rear 
 are the battery room and rooms for investigations in elec- 
 tricity and magnetism ; this part of the building contains 
 no iron. On the first floor are the main lecture-room, two 
 rooms for heat experiments, and the rest of the space is used 
 
PHYSICS. 
 
 31 
 
 for work in electricity and magnetism. The second floor 
 contains the director’s study and library, the general library, 
 mathematical lecture-rooms, and studies. On the third floor 
 are the elementary laboratories and studies. The fourth 
 floor is specially fitted up for investigations in . light, 
 including a balcony for heliostats, spectrometer and photo- 
 graphing rooms, and other ample facilities for work on spec- 
 troscopy and for special investigations in light. On the roof 
 is a platform for open air experiments, and the tower is sur- 
 mounted by the dome of the astronomical observatory. 
 
 The physical apparatus includes, besides a full equipment 
 for lecture purposes, a very complete and valuable collec- 
 tion of instruments for measurement and research. Many 
 of these have been made from special designs, others have 
 been purchased from European and American makers ; all 
 of them have been carefully selected to accomplish the pur- 
 poses for which they are intended. 
 
 The laboratory is peculiarly well furnished for carrying 
 on investigations in electricity and magnetism and in light. 
 
 A circular containing the plan of the building with a 
 somewhat detailed statement of its instrumental equipment, 
 will be sent on application. 
 
 The mathematical and physical library of the university 
 is placed in the laboratory, so that it is easily accessible at 
 any time. About seventy different periodicals, including 
 the more important journals published on such subjects, in 
 English, French, German, and Italian, are here kept on file : 
 — among them 
 
 London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, Amer- 
 ican Journal of Science, Wiedemann’s Annalen and Beiblatter, 
 Journal de Physique, Annales de Physique et de Chimie, Comptes 
 Rendus, Nature, Exner’s Repertorium der Physik, Philosophical 
 Transactions, Proceedings of the Royal Society, London Engi- 
 neering, Railroad and Engineering Journal, Electrician, Electri- 
 
32 
 
 PHYSICS. 
 
 cal Review, LaLumiere Electrique, Proceedings of the Cambridge 
 Philosophical Society. 
 
 The following is a general view of the courses that are 
 offered : 
 
 First Year [Minor) Course . — This course is intended for 
 undergraduates who are taking up the subject for the first 
 time, or who have only studied it in a very elementary man- 
 ner. A knowledge of plane trigonometry (at least extending 
 to the solution of right-angled triangles) and of the use of 
 logarithms is required for entrance on this course. 
 
 Lectures and recitations are continued through the year 
 on Mechanics, Sound, Heat, Light, Electricity, and Magnet- 
 ism, — accompanied by regular work in the laboratory, in 
 which the student carries out simple experiments illustrat- 
 ing the facts and principles considered in the classroom. 
 
 Second Year (Major) Course . — This course is designed to 
 meet the wants of both graduates and undergraduates who 
 have already taken either the first year’s course or its 
 equivalent, and who wish to pursue further their physical 
 studies. A working knowledge of analytic geometry and 
 calculus is required for admission to this course. The stu- 
 dent, during this year, continues his laboratory work and 
 follows lectures and recitations on the following subjects : — 
 
 Dynamics, beginning with the study of the particle and extend- 
 ing to some of the simpler problems in the motion of a rigid body. 
 
 Elementary Thermodynamics, based on Maxwell’s Theory of 
 Heat. 
 
 The Theory of Electricity and Magnetism. 
 
 The Relation of Sound to Sensation, based on the “ Tonempfln- 
 dungen” of Helmholtz. 
 
 The Wave Theory of Light, with special reference to interfer- 
 ence and diffraction, and the various phenomena of polarized 
 light in crystalline media ; and the theory of optical instruments. 
 
 The laboratory work of this year includes problems that present 
 more experimental difficulties than those undertaken during the 
 
PHYSICS. 
 
 33 
 
 first year, or involve more mathematical knowledge for their 
 complete discussion ; written reports are required as in the first 
 year’s course. Usually during the year special problems will be 
 assigned to the students, which they will be expected to work out 
 in a complete manner, taking necessarily more time than is re- 
 quired for the ordinary problems of the course. 
 
 Advanced Work . — Advanced courses are provided for 
 those students who propose to devote themselves to the 
 study of Physics, either as teachers or investigators. Such 
 students devote a large part of their time to work in the 
 laboratory, where they have the direct supervision of the 
 instructors, at first carrying out experiments which famil- 
 iarize them with the more important instruments used in 
 research, with the precautions necessary to obtain the 
 utmost accuracy in using instruments of precision, and with 
 general experimental methods ; afterwards taking up, under 
 the guidance of the instructors, some research designed to 
 be of permanent value. 
 
 An effort is made to render the laboratory as useful as 
 possible to advanced students and investigators. Those who 
 are prepared for such work will have the facilities which it 
 affords placed most freely at their disposal, and will receive 
 every assistance that the instructors can give. 
 
 Advanced students are expected to give as much of their 
 time as possible to work in the laboratory. 
 
 The following courses of lectures in Mathematical Physics 
 are given : 
 
 Courses, continuing through two years, are given in Ther- 
 modynamics, Heat Conduction, Physical Optics, Electricity, 
 and Magnetism. These lectures develop fully the mathe- 
 matical treatment of the subject, and to follow them the 
 student should have sufficient mathematical knowledge to 
 read such authors as Maxwell, Thomson, Stokes, Green, 
 Fourier, etc. 
 
34 
 
 PHYSICS. 
 
 Shorter courses are given in Hydrodynamics, Theory of 
 Elasticity, Theory of Sound, Mechanics, Problems in 
 Mechanics, etc. 
 
 The advanced students meet with the instructors once a 
 week for the reading and discussion of the current physical 
 journals. In this way the student becomes familiar with the 
 progress of the science in different parts of the world, and 
 with the questions which are exciting the attention of 
 physicists. 
 
 Applied Electricity and Magnetism. 
 
 Instruction of Electrical Engineers. 
 
 By the completion of the new laboratory, the university is 
 enabled to make arrangements for the education of Elec- 
 trical Engineers. Their instruction, under the general 
 supervision of Professor Rowland, is directed by Louis 
 Duncan, Ph.D., a graduate of the U. S. Naval Academy 
 and of the Johns Hopkins University, who was for several 
 months chairman of the Testing Committee in the Interna- 
 tional Electrical Exhibition at Philadelphia. 
 
 Rooms and Apparatus.— The basement and most of the 
 rooms on the first floor of the laboratory are set apart for 
 work in Electricity and Magnetism. In addition to its other 
 instruments, the university has recently acquired by gift and 
 purchase a large number of engines, dynamos, and pieces of 
 apparatus indispensable for such studies. Among the more 
 important the following may be named : 
 
 Straight line engine (eighteen horse power). 
 
 Gas engine (two horse power). 
 
 Tatham mechanical dynamometer. 
 
 Edison shunt wound dynamo. 
 
 Siemens alternating dynamo with exciter. 
 
 Gramme permanent magnet dynamo. 
 
 Sprague motor (two horse power). 
 
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. 
 
 35 
 
 Sprague motor (one horse power). 
 
 Sprague motor (one-half horse power). 
 
 Baxter motor (one horse power). 
 
 Eddy motor (one-half horse power). 
 
 Electric lamps, arc and incandescent. 
 
 Photometers. 
 
 Electro-dynamometers. 
 
 Galvanometers. 
 
 Quadrant electrometers. 
 
 Absolute electrometer. 
 
 Resistance boxes. 
 
 Weston shunt wound dynamo. 
 
 Brush series wound dynamo. 
 
 Siemens series wound dynamo. 
 
 Forty-five storage cells. 
 
 Standard resistances. 
 
 Powerful electro-magnets. 
 
 Jenkins’ form Wheatstone bridge. 
 
 Fleming’s form Wheatstone bridge. 
 
 Magnetometer. 
 
 Earth inductors. 
 
 Thomson’s potential and current galvanometers. 
 
 Thomson’s electrostatic voltmeter. 
 
 Fixed resistance for measuring heavy currents. 
 
 Methods of Instruction . — A special course is arranged for 
 advanced students who have completed a general education 
 and who wish to study the theory and applications of elec- 
 tricity. 
 
 While a knowledge of the theory is important in every 
 branch of applied science, this is especially the case with 
 electricity, in which the applications increase so rapidly and 
 the practice so frequently changes, that without sound 
 theoretical knowledge it is impossible to keep abreast of the 
 advance of the science, or even to understand the inventions 
 which are daily made public. Yet theoretical knowledge is 
 unfruitful without knowledge of the means of its applica- 
 tion, such as can only be obtained by experimental work. 
 
 The course, then, is intended to teach the theory of elec- 
 
36 
 
 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. 
 
 tricity with a special view to its practical application, to 
 familiarize the student with electrical instruments and 
 methods of experiment, and to give him a knowledge of the 
 theory and practice of those applications that are in successful 
 use and with which he will probably come into contact. 
 
 The instruction extends through two years and includes 
 lectures on theoretical and applied electricity, with constant 
 laboratory work. The lectures aim to give a clear working 
 knowledge of the science, while in the laboratory the student 
 receives what help and instruction he may need, yet at the 
 same time he is taught to depend upon and think for himself, 
 and is given every encouragement for the undertaking of 
 original work. 
 
 To follow the course the student should have a knowledge 
 of mathematics through the differential and integral calculus. 
 An acquaintance with French and German is most desirable. 
 
 First Year . — The lectures will present so much of the 
 physical and mathematical theory as is considered useful, for 
 application. The mathematical treatment follows Mascart 
 and Joubert’s ‘ 4 Electricity and Magnetism.” There are 
 three lectures each week. 
 
 The laboratory work will include measurements of resist- 
 ance, current, potential, capacity, etc., with voltameter and 
 calorimeter work, and the student will be familiarized with 
 the instruments used in electrical measurements, galvano- 
 meters, electro-dynamometers, resistance coils, condensers, 
 etc. On finishing this work, the student will be given 
 experiments, such as the construction and measurement of 
 standard cells, the determination of the magnetism of iron, 
 the determination of specific inductive capacity, etc., which 
 will bring into use the methods he has already studied. He 
 will then be given practical work with dynamos, motors, 
 etc. There will be a weekly meeting for the purpose of dis- 
 
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. 37 
 
 cussing articles of interest appearing in the electrical 
 journals. 
 
 Besides the work in electricity, lectures in mathematics, 
 chemistry, and such other subjects as the student requires, 
 may be followed. 
 
 Second Year . — In the second year the theory of dynamos, 
 motors, the transmission and distribution of energy, the 
 telegraph, the telephone, storage batteries, alternating 
 current systems and apparatus, etc., will be discussed. 
 
 The laboratory work will continue the tests and running of 
 dynamos and motors, the efficiency and practical working of 
 secondary and primary batteries, photometer work, testing 
 of telegraph lines, experiments on the electrical transmission 
 of energy, telephone work, etc., with such original investi- 
 gations as the student is able to carry on. There will be a 
 weekly meeting for the discussion of the current literature 
 of the subject. 
 
 The student will have time for other selected studies, and 
 in either the first or the second year of this course he must 
 take the advanced course in General Physics (elsewhere 
 designated as the major course for undergraduates), or its 
 equivalent. 
 
 At the end of the second year a final examination will be 
 held, and on passing it the student will be given a certificate 
 stating that he has pursued the course in applied electricity 
 and has passed the required examinations. 
 
 For the theory of the subject the works of the following named 
 authors are used for reference: Mascart and Joubert, Faraday, 
 Maxwell, De la Rive, Noad, Niederman, Mascart, Thomson, Joule, 
 and others. 
 
 In the study of the applications the works of S. P. Thompson, 
 Preece, Prescott, Du Moncel, Joubert, Hopkinson, Kapp, and 
 others are referred to, with many technical papers that have been 
 published in different journals or read before various societies. 
 
38 
 
 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. 
 
 There being no provision in this country for the accurate 
 comparison of electrical standards and apparatus, it has been 
 decided to provide means for such measurements here. The 
 comparisons will be made by Dr. G. A. Liebig, Jr., Assist- 
 ant in Electricity, under the supervision of Professor Row- 
 land and Dr. Duncan. 
 
 The measurements that will be undertaken are the com- 
 parison of resistances, potential, current, measuring instru- 
 ments, capacities, the efficiencies of dynamos and motors, 
 the constants of batteries, cables, etc. 
 
 CHEMISTRY. 
 
 The instruction in Chemistry is under the charge of Pro- 
 fessor Remsen, Director of the Laboratory, with the 
 cooperation of Dr. Morse, Sub-director, Dr. Renouf, First 
 Assistant, and other aids. 
 
 The Chemical Laboratory is a well-equipped building which 
 was enlarged and put in its present condition in 1883. In it 
 there are eighty-five working desks, so arranged as to 
 accommodate about one hundred and twenty students. There 
 are two large working rooms devoted to general and analyt- 
 ical work, and one somewhat smaller intended for those who 
 are engaged in research. Besides these there are smaller 
 rooms devoted to special objects such as gas analysis, spectrum 
 analysis, combustion, furnace operations, etc. There is an 
 excellent library in the laboratory building always open 
 during the working hours. It contains full sets of all the 
 important chemical journals, as : 
 
 Annalen der Chemie, Berichte der deutschen chemischen 
 Gesellschaft, Journal fur praktische Chemie, Annales de Chimie 
 et de Physique, Journal of the (London) Chemical Society, Jahres- 
 bericht iiber die Fortschritte der Chemie, Wagner’s Jahres- 
 bericht tiber chemische Technologie, etc. 
 
CHEMISTRY. 
 
 39 
 
 It also contains the principal text-books, and other publi- 
 cations relating to chemistry. 
 
 The instruction is adapted to all grades of students from 
 the beginner to the candidate for the degree of Doctor of 
 Philosophy. The higher or graduate work is based upon 
 that given in the two years’ undergraduate course, and those 
 graduates of other colleges who have not followed courses 
 equivalent to this, begin with that part of the undergrad- 
 uate work which appears to be best suited to their needs. 
 The following outline of the work from the beginning will 
 give a general idea of its character. 
 
 Undergraduate work : First year . — From five to six hours 
 each week through the year are given to laboratory practice 
 under the direction of competent instructors. Three lectures 
 are given each week by Professor Remsen, and two reviews 
 on the subjects treated in the lectures and on the laboratory 
 work are held by Dr. Renouf. The ground covered by this 
 course is approximately that laid down in “An Introduction 
 to the Study of Chemistry,” by Ira Remsen (Holt, New 
 York), which is the text-book used. 
 
 Undergraduate work : Second year .— In this year the same 
 amount of time is given to the laboratory as in the first year. 
 The guide used will next year be an abbreviation of the 
 “Experiments in General Chemistry and Introduction to 
 Chemical Analysis,” by Jacob Volhard and Clemens Zimmer- 
 mann, translated by Edward Renouf. The object in view is 
 to give a more complete knowledge of the phenomena of 
 chemistry than is given in the first year, and at the same 
 time to clear up the ideas already gained. To some extent 
 qualitative analysis is taken up, but only for the purpose of 
 aiding in the instruction in chemical principles. The making 
 of preparations both of inorganic and organic compounds 
 will hereafter play a more important part than heretofore. 
 
40 
 
 CHEMISTRY. 
 
 Besides the laboratory practice the course includes two class- 
 room exercises each week in general Inorganic Chemistry, 
 based largely upon the laboratory work and conducted by 
 Dr. Morse ; two lectures on the Chemistry of the Compounds 
 of Carbon, by Professor Remsen, based upon his “ Introduc- 
 tion to the Study of the Compounds of Carbon’ ’ (Heath, 
 Boston) ; and one review on the latter subject conducted by 
 Dr. Renouf. 
 
 Graduate work . — The work of graduates is carried on in 
 the laboratory more largely than that of undergraduates. 
 The object at first sought for is the perfection of the students 
 in the use of analytical methods. The subject of qualitative 
 analysis is taken up thoroughly after a careful study of 
 reactions as laid down in the Introduction to Chemical 
 Analysis by Volhard and Zimmermann, while at the same 
 time the study of general chemistry is continued. A pro- 
 longed course in quantitative analysis, including gas analysis, 
 follows. The analytical work, which is largely under the 
 supervision of Associate Professor Morse, requires about a 
 year and a half for its completion. After this an oppor- 
 tunity is given for the preparation of a variety of compounds 
 involving methods of general importance, or illustrating 
 important classes. The course in the preparation of organic 
 compounds is that laid down in Remsen’ s “ Introduction to 
 the Study of the Compounds of Carbon,” supplemented by 
 selections from Levy’s “Anleitung zur Darstellung organ- 
 ischer Praparate.” During the last year of the work the 
 student generally undertakes some investigation under the 
 guidance of the professor, and, in case he is a candidate for 
 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, his thesis is based upon 
 the results obtained in the course of the investigation. The 
 essential parts of the thesis are afterwards published in the 
 American Chemical Journal . 
 
CHEMISTRY. 
 
 41 
 
 Lectures on different topics are offered to graduate students 
 in different years. During the year 1887-88, a course of two 
 lectures a week on Theoretical Chemistry was given by Pro- 
 fessor Remsen, based upon his “ Principles of Theoretical 
 Chemistry ” (Lea Brothers & Co., Phila.). There was also 
 a course of between twenty and thirty lectures in the field of 
 Historical Chemistry, in which the advanced students as 
 well as the instructors took part, each one working up an 
 assigned topic and presenting the results in the form of one 
 or more lectures. Weekly meetings were held to hear reports 
 upon the contents of the important journals of chemistry. 
 Reports were furnished in turn by most of those who attended 
 these meetings. Next year, 1888-89, Professor Remsen will 
 give a course of two lectures a week on Advanced Organic 
 Chemistry instead of the course on Theoretical Chemistry 
 given during the present year. The historical course and 
 the journal meetings will be continued. Dr. Morse will also 
 give some lectures upon topics suited to the needs of the 
 more advanced students. 
 
 While in the courses outlined above the books mentioned 
 are used as the guides, it must not be concluded that 
 the instruction in any case is confined to what is presented 
 in the book. Students are constantly referred to the jour- 
 nals and other publications in which there are articles bear- 
 ing upon their work. Further, the chief instruction in every 
 course is that which is given in the laboratory. 
 
 As regards the time required by a graduate student to do 
 the work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, it can only 
 be said that one who has the necessary qualifications can 
 do it in three years after having such a course as that which 
 is given to the undergraduates of this university who follow 
 chemistry for two years. Those who have not had this 
 preparation will generally require a longer time. There are 
 
42 
 
 CHEMISTRY. 
 
 no stereotyped courses which lead to the higher degree, and 
 it is impossible to say exactly what must be accomplished to 
 attain it. What is desired is a certain maturity of mind 
 with reference to the science of chemistry, and an ability to 
 deal with chemical problems intelligently. This condition 
 of mind is reached, if reached at all, by long-continued lab- 
 oratory training accompanied by careful study of the jour- 
 nals of chemistry. It may be said finally that the arrange- 
 ments of the laboratory are made mainly with reference to 
 those who desire to take up the study of chemistry in a broad 
 way, and that those who want short courses in special 
 branches of chemistry are not advised to come here. It is 
 believed that whatever object the student may have in view, 
 whether he intends to teach or to follow some branch of 
 applied chemistry, the best preparation he can have is a 
 thorough training in the pure science. 
 
 The American Chemical Journal , edited by Professor 
 Remsen, is now in its tenth volume. 
 
 MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY. 
 
 The instruction in Mineralogy and Geology is given by Dr. 
 George H. Williams, Associate Professor of Mineralogy, 
 who followed the courses of Professor Rosenbusch in Heidel- 
 berg for three years, and received from the University of 
 Heidelberg the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1882. He 
 is assisted in Historical Geology and Palaeontology by Dr. 
 William B. Clark, who received the degree of Doctor of 
 Philosophy at Munich in 1887. 
 
 For the work of this group of students a separate building 
 (No. 610 North Howard St.) has been set apart, where the 
 specimens, books, and instruments are brought together. 
 This laboratory is open daily from nine o’clock a. m. to five 
 o’clock p. m. 
 
MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY. 
 
 43 
 
 The advanced mineralogical course embraces lectures 
 (throughout the year) on crystallography, on optical and 
 general physical mineralogy, and on the description of min- 
 eral species. Abundant opportunity is also given to students 
 for forming a practical acquaintance with the minerals 
 treated of in these lectures. For such as desire to devote 
 more time to this subject, facilities and instruction are 
 offered in crystal-measuring, calculation, drawing, and pro- 
 jection, as well as in the practical determination of the 
 optical and other physical constants of crystals. 
 
 The course in inorganic geology embraces lectures on 
 petrography and dynamical geology. In these the methods 
 and aims of the recent work on the crystalline rocks are 
 treated in considerable detail. The system of classification 
 followed for the massive rocks is essentially that of Rosen- 
 busch. These lectures are, however, principally intended to 
 guide and supplement the laboratory work in petrography, 
 by which students are made practically acquainted with the 
 modern methods of study. 
 
 Dr. Clark will supplement the instruction in inorganic 
 geology by a brief course of lectures on historical geology. 
 
 After students have become familiar with the methods of 
 petrographical investigation by the study of typical and 
 described material, they are encouraged to undertake orig- 
 inal work. The results of a number of such investigations, 
 which have been carried on in the Petrographical Labora- 
 tory, have already been published and others are now in 
 progress. Since the extreme importance of field work in 
 connection with the laboratory study of rocks is fully appre- 
 ciated, the unusually interesting and varied area of crystal- 
 line rocks occurring near Baltimore has been divided into 
 sections five miles square, as described in the Johns Hopkins 
 University Circulars , No. 59. One of these sections or sheets 
 
44 
 
 MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY. 
 
 may be assigned to a student for study, and his results, in 
 the form of a very detailed geological map accompanied by 
 complete descriptions of the rocks, microscopical and other- 
 wise, may be presented as a doctor’s thesis. The weekly 
 journal meetings, for the purpose of acquainting advanced 
 students with current geological literature, form an integral 
 part of this work. 
 
 The nucleus of the mineral cabinet is a collection made by 
 Professor 0. D. Allen, of the Sheffield Scientific School, New 
 Haven. This collection numbers 1600 specimens, all of 
 small size, but very choice and typical. Nearly all the com- 
 moner mineral species are present in specimens from well 
 known localities, both in this country and Europe, while cer- 
 tain American localities are represented by almost unique 
 suites. The cabinet has been increased by the Root Collec- 
 tion, from Clinton, N. Y., and by numerous gifts and pur- 
 chases. The collection of the Maryland Academy of Sciences 
 has recently been presented to the university. In the pos- 
 session of the university and in the private collections of Dr. 
 Williams, there are now about 2500 microscopic rock-sections 
 and 3500 hand specimens. These represent very carefully 
 selected material from the most thoroughly studied localities 
 of both Europe and America, and many of them form suites 
 of type-specimens valuable for study and comparison. 
 Among those belonging to the university may be named : 
 
 Stiirtz collection of typical European rocks, described by 
 Rosenbusch ; 
 
 Hitchcock collection of New Hampshire rocks, described by 
 Hawes; 
 
 Collection of European rocks made by Mr. E. Sanger; 
 
 Collection of Baltimore County rocks, described by Dr. 
 Williams; 
 
 Collection of Crystalline Rocks from the Lake of the Woods 
 region, made and presented by Mr. A. C. Lawson, of the Geological 
 Survey of Canada. 
 
MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY. 
 
 45 
 
 In addition to the possessions of the university, private 
 collections of Dr. Williams and Dr. Clark are also accessible. 
 
 The geological and mineralogical library is furnished with 
 the principal books of reference and journals. The fine geo- 
 logical library at the Peabody Institute supplements that in 
 the possession of the university, especially in palaeontology. 
 The university owns a large goniometer, several microscopes 
 made especially for rock study, apparatus for making sepa- 
 rations of rock constituents and for preparing rock-sections. 
 It also owns the more important pieces of apparatus for 
 work in physical mineralogy, together with a complete suite 
 of wooden and glass crystal models. 
 
 For the use of workers in the field the following publica- 
 tions will be found useful : 
 
 An Excursion Map of Baltimore and its Neighborhood, pre- 
 pared for the Naturalists’ Field Club. Issued by the Publication 
 Agency of the University. Price $1.00. 
 
 Notes on the Minerals occurring in the Neighborhood of Balti- 
 more. By Dr. G. H. W illiams. Issued by the Publication Agency 
 of the University. Price 35 cents. 
 
 Bulletin No. 28, U. S. Geological Survey, containing colored 
 plates and a map, and giving extended petrographieal studies of 
 many of the rocks near Baltimore. By Dr. G. H. Williams. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
 BIOLOGY. 
 
 The instruction in Biology is directed by Dr. H. Newell 
 Martin, Professor of Biology, with the assistance of Dr. W. 
 K. Brooks, Associate Professor of Morphology, and Drs. 
 Howell and Andrews. 
 
 The Biological Laboratory, a four-story building of eighty 
 by fifty-four feet, was opened in 1884. It contains large 
 rooms for general and undergraduate work, and workrooms 
 for advanced students or those engaged in research ; also 
 
46 
 
 BIOLOGY. 
 
 special rooms for chemical physiology, electrical physiology, 
 micro-photography,. myograph work, and advanced histology. 
 In the laboratory is a library containing sets of all the im- 
 portant biological journals and a large number of text-books 
 and books of reference. 
 
 In connection with the biological department, a Marine 
 Laboratory has been opened, under the direction of Dr. 
 Brooks, for several months each year since 1879. The 
 material accumulated is now being worked up for publica- 
 tion, and the Marine Laboratory will not be opened during 
 this year. 
 
 The regular biological course continues for five years ; of 
 this period two years are undergraduate work leading (with 
 other studies) to the degree of Bachelor of Arts ; three years 
 are graduate study which may lead to the degree of Doctor 
 of Philosophy. A student takes one or more of these years 
 of biological study according to the object he has in view : 
 if he desire merely some training in an observational science 
 he takes only one year ; if he desire to prepare himself to 
 enter a medical school or to get training in experimental 
 science he takes the second year’s work also ; after com- 
 pleting the studies of the second year he selects special 
 departments of biology (as a graduate) in accordance with 
 his aims in life. 
 
 The general principle which governs the whole plan of the 
 regular biological courses of instruction is to commence with 
 the simplest organisms and the broadest generalizations, and 
 thence gradually to specialize. This specialization ends, 
 however, before the student enters upon the^tudy of minute 
 technical subdivisions of biological science, as, for example, 
 the medical applications of physiology, the applications of 
 bacteriology to the theories of the causation and prevention 
 of disease, the study of insects injurious to plants, the sue- 
 
BIOLOGY. 
 
 47 
 
 cessful breeding of domestic animals, and so forth. One 
 great object of the course is,, by a good preliminary training 
 in general biological science, to enable competent students 
 quickly and thoroughly to master the facts of technical, or 
 as it may be named, “ applied ” biology. 
 
 An undergraduate student enters upon his biological 
 studies at the commencement of his second year after matric- 
 ulation, and when he has already had a year’s training in 
 Physics and Chemistry. The main part of the work during 
 this year is a study of the fundamental facts of Biology ; 
 the relationships and comparison of living and not-living 
 matter ; the structure and activities of typical plants and 
 animals of higher and lower organization ; the principles of 
 classification ; the evolution of complex living species from 
 less specialized ancestors ; the origin of all the higher plants 
 and animals from a single cell, and the gradual evolution of 
 tissues and organs during development. 
 
 In order to make use of the peculiar value of biological 
 studies in training younger students to observe accurately, 
 at least five hours of laboratory work each week are required 
 throughout the year, and in addition the human and some 
 other typical skeletons are examined minutely by the class ; 
 while in the spring there is a two months’ course in the 
 elements of structural and systematic Botany. 
 
 During the second year of biological study the student 
 takes up vertebrate anatomy and histology, and the elements 
 of zoology. In addition he must either take a course (three 
 lectures weekly for six months) in animal physiology, or a 
 course in animal morphology : the earliest permitted special- 
 ization of biological studies thus commences. He must also 
 spend at least six hours a week on practical studies in the 
 laboratory throughout the year. A third permissible line of 
 specialization commencing at this stage, namely Botany, has 
 
48 
 
 BIOLOGY. 
 
 always been contemplated since the organization of the bio- 
 logical department, but at present is not available to students. 
 
 A student who has satisfactorily completed the second 
 year’s work in biology and who has elected animal physiology 
 as his more special study, is prepared to enter upon the 
 professional medical study of applied physiology, or of morbid 
 histology, or of pathology, should he enter a medical school. 
 
 The postgraduate courses, those of the third, fourth, and 
 fifth years, cannot well be described in precise terms, as they 
 vary greatly with the aims of various students ; some desire 
 to become teachers, others to devote their lives to biological 
 research ; still others to prepare themselves for technical 
 studies. In general it may be said that during the first of 
 these years the student is required to read more advanced 
 text-books than he studied in his undergraduate course ; to 
 repeat some good research and endeavor to improve it ; to 
 take part in journal club readings, from current biological 
 journals, which tend to teach him that all science is not con- 
 tained in text-books, and that the experiments and conclu- 
 sions of every worker are open to improvement and revision. 
 Advanced lectures, which vary in topic from year to year, are 
 also given by the instructors ; and some classical biological 
 treatises, morphological and physiological, are read every 
 session ; each competent student taking his turn, week by 
 week. 
 
 From this time on, the student’s work becomes still more 
 specialized: he is given a suggestion for some original 
 research and left to carry it out with less or more supervision 
 and direction according to his capacity. His third year is 
 usually mainly given up to conducting a research for his 
 graduation thesis, to revising his previous studies, and to 
 additional reading suggested by his chief instructor. 
 
 The laboratory receives properly qualified graduate students 
 
BIOLOGY. 
 
 49 
 
 who desire to engage in advanced work or research, although 
 they may not be candidates for the degree of doctor, or may 
 have already attained it. To such students it affords rather 
 unusual facilities for study in animal physiology and in 
 comparative embryology. 
 
 Special students, not graduates or candidates for a degree, 
 are received on conditions stated in the Register. 
 
 There is issued from the laboratory an illustrated journal, 
 the “ Studies from the Biological Laboratory,’ ’ in which are 
 published many of the researches completed by members of 
 the biological department. A ready means of publication 
 for any good work is thus secured. Three volumes each of 
 about 500 pages, and containing from twenty to thirty 
 plates, have been completed, and the fourth volume is now in 
 progress. 
 
 PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGIGS ; LOGIC AND 
 ETHICS. 
 
 Higher instruction in the philosophical department is 
 given by means of lectures, recitations, seminary, conference, 
 laboratory work, and excursions. 
 
 The lectures of Professor Hall,* who is at the head of this 
 group of studies, consist of three courses, each extending 
 over three years. 
 
 In Psychology , the first year’s work is devoted to the 
 general properties of the nervous substance, psycho-physics 
 of the special senses, their defects, and the theory of knowl- 
 edge, and coincides largely with the field covered by Ladd’s 
 Psychology. Thorough preparation in this part of the course 
 is of fundamental importance for the modern psychologist, 
 and unless it is well done his future work is on an insecure 
 basis. 
 
 * Resigned after the preparation of these pages. 
 
50 
 
 PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGICS. 
 
 The work of the second year includes perception of time 
 and space, the time-sense, psycho-physic law, mental images 
 (morbid and normal) and their associations, and the leading 
 topics in morbid psychology. 
 
 The topics of the third year include reflex action, instinct, 
 psycho-genesis, the psychology of problems of language, 
 myth, custom and belief, anthropologically considered, 
 hypnotism, and the psychological side of systems of philosophy 
 and ethnic religions. This work is supplemented by direc- 
 tions for special reading on each topic, illustrative apparatus, 
 and by psychological clinics at the neighboring asylum on 
 aphasia, illusions and hallucinations, epilepsy, mania, hys- 
 teria, etc. 
 
 Dr. Donaldson gives two courses — one on the histology of 
 the senses, the other on that of the central nervous system. 
 These courses and those of Dr. Hall coincide and supplement 
 each other. 
 
 Both courses include laboratory work for practice, in 
 addition to the opportunities for special original research 
 offered in the experimental and histological fields. 
 
 In connection with these courses an evening seminary is 
 held weekly through the year. 
 
 A quarterly journal — The American Journal of Psychology 
 — is published under the editorial care of Professor Hall. 
 
 History of Philosophy . — The lectures in historical and 
 ethical psychology also extend over three years. The first 
 year is devoted to the Greek philosophy ; the second ends 
 with Hegel ; and the third is devoted to contemporary 
 writers. The work is not confined to the field commonly 
 called the history of philosophy, but attention is given to 
 material from the history of science, of medicine, and of 
 education. Mainly, however, the course, except in the last 
 part of the third year, coincides with the standard text-books 
 
PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGICS. 
 
 51 
 
 in the history of philosophy. The material is treated objec- 
 tively and from a psychological standpoint. A weekly semi- 
 nary is held in connection with this course. 
 
 Education . — The educational lectures of the first year 
 are historical. Those of the second year are devoted to the 
 problems of primary and intermediate, and those of the third 
 to special chapters in the field of higher education . Among the 
 topics of the present third year are, e. g ., general vs. special 
 education ; chairs of pedagogy in this country and Europe ; 
 educational endowments ; school legislation ; the relation 
 between science and the state ; the organization and opera- 
 tion of learned societies and scientific and other academies ; 
 the constitution and methods and history of European univer- 
 versities from the Renaissance ; the educational value of philo- 
 sophical systems ; professional schools of law, medicine, 
 theology, technological and industrial schools ; the French, 
 English, German, and American school and college systems 
 in their method and idea ; the development and nature of 
 student life ; history and theory of examinations and degrees ; 
 and academic festivals and traditions. A guide-book to the 
 literature of the chief topics of this course was published in 
 1886, entitled Bibliography of Education. 
 
 This course is supplemented by a series of excursions to 
 institutions of pedagogical interest conducted by Professor 
 Hall. 
 
 This course does not lead to a degree. Those who desire 
 to study education professionally are advised to give their 
 energy to psychology which is its chief scientific basis, peda- 
 gogy being a field of applied psychology. 
 
 Some of the special topics in which the above work natur- 
 ally falls are attended as special courses by students of other 
 departments, thus, e. g ., students of Greek may attend the 
 lectures in Greek philosophy ; of morphology, the lectures on 
 
52 
 
 PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGICS. 
 
 instinct ; of astronomy, the lectures on reaction-time and the 
 personal equation ; of history, the lectures in the history of 
 philosophy, and especially the courses on Roman and English 
 law by Mr. Emmott, which are also closely related to the 
 work in ethics. Students of biology or pathology may follow 
 the histological courses of Dr. Donaldson, and the lectures 
 on morbid psychology by Professor Hall. There are also 
 courses in other departments which supplement the work in 
 this. Those especially recommended are the following : Pro- 
 fessor Gilder sleeve’s seminary work in Plato for students of 
 the history of philosophy; Professor Martin’s course in 
 animal physiology, especially that part on the senses and 
 nerve centres, for students of psycho-physics; Professor 
 Story’s algebraical logic ; Dr. Ely’s classes in political 
 economy. 
 
 Courses of lectures by students are from time to time 
 arranged, and a reading club is conducted, where individual 
 reading is reported for mutual benefit. 
 
 In the undergraduate course in Psychology, etc., by Pro- 
 fessor Hall, the work is essentially practical. Lessons of 
 mental and moral hygiene are mainly inculcated. 
 
 Logic and Ethics . — The undergraduate courses in Logic, 
 Ethics, and Psychology provide five hours per week of 
 required work for one year. The courses in Logic and Ethics 
 are given by Associate Professor Emmott. In Logic, partic- 
 ular attention is given to the general theories of both deduc- 
 tion and induction, to the various forms of thought, notion, 
 judgment, and reasoning, and to the various methods of 
 scientific investigation and proof, as well as to the applica- 
 tion of the rules of the syllogism, and the detection of the 
 various kinds of fallacies. 
 
 The text-books used are Jevons’s Elementary Lessons in Logic, 
 and Fowler’s Elements of Inductive Logic, and references are 
 
LOGIC AND ETHICS. 
 
 53 
 
 given to the larger works of Jevons and to the works of Mill, 
 Bain, Venn, and other recent writers. The work consists of 
 frequent recitations and of short informal lectures, and numer- 
 ous written exercises are given out from time to time in the 
 opposition and conversion of propositions, in indication and 
 counter-indication, in the application of the rules of the syllo- 
 gism, in the detection of fallacies, and in the elimination of con- 
 tradictions from thought. 
 
 In the class on Ethics the fundamental problems of moral 
 philosophy, and their application to the guidance of conduct 
 and to the formation of a manly character, are considered 
 with special reference to the Christian theory of morals. 
 
 The text-book used is Janet’s Elements of Morals, and refer- 
 ences are given to numerous works, including Martineau’s Types 
 of Ethical Theory, Martensen’s Christian Ethics, Maurice’s Social 
 Morality, and Janet's Theory of Morals. The work consists of 
 frequent recitations, of informal lectures, and of numerous dis- 
 cussions, and two essays on assigned topics are required from 
 each member of the class. The aim throughout is to make the 
 instruction of a directly practical nature, and to show the bearing 
 of the problems discussed upon the field of practical ethics. The 
 topics treated of include the following: Analysis of the funda- 
 mental notions— good and bad, right and wrong, duty and obliga- 
 tion, conscience, liberty and moral responsibility, virtue and 
 vice, merit and demerit, etc. The object of morality : theoretical 
 and practical morality. Division of duties according to the 
 various relations of man. The general principles of social 
 morality. Division of the duties of justice. Duties of charity 
 and self-sacrifice. Duties towards the state. Duties of profes- 
 sional life. The general principles of the moral law applied to 
 nations in their dealings with each other. The duties of the 
 married state. The duty of self-preservation. The necessity and 
 proper use of external goods. Duties relative to the proper exer- 
 cise of the intellectual virtues. Duties relative to the will. 
 Courage. The general principles of religious morality. Religious 
 rights and duties. Connection between morality and religion. 
 
54 
 
 PATHOLOGY. 
 
 PATHOLOGY. 
 
 The Pathological Institute was opened in October, 1886, 
 under the direction of Professor Welch. By permission of 
 the Trustees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital the use of the 
 pathological building of the Hospital was granted to the 
 University. The structure is of two stories, well lighted and 
 arranged, and includes ten rooms, in addition to the autopsy 
 theatre. 
 
 Certain rooms are devoted to work in pathological histology 
 and to pathological demonstrations, others to bacteriological 
 work, and others to experimental pathology. Rooms are 
 also equipped for microscopical photography. The museum 
 already contains a valuable collection of morbid specimens. 
 The instruction in Pathology is under the direction of Ur. 
 W. H. Welch, Professor of Pathology, assisted by Ur. W. 
 T. Councilman, Associate Professor of Anatomy, Ur. B. 
 Meade Bolton, Assistant in Bacteriology, and Ur. F. P. 
 Mall, Fellow in Pathology. Facilities are afforded for 
 study in all departments of pathology, including bacteriology. 
 
 The course in Pathological Histology presupposes on the 
 part of the student a knowledge of normal histology. This 
 course, which continues throughout the greater part of the 
 year, embraces the study of subjects in general pathology 
 and of the special pathological histology of all the organs 
 and tissues of the body. For these purposes an ample 
 material has been collected. Each student is expected to 
 become familiar both with the technique of pathological 
 histology and with the interpretation of the various morbid 
 changes in the different organs and tissues. He is encour- 
 aged to supplement the regular class work by independent 
 and farther study of subjects in pathological histology, 
 and thus prepare himself to form correct judgments of the 
 
PATHOLOGY. 
 
 55 
 
 various pathological changes. Demonstrations of fresh 
 pathological specimens are made at least once a week in con- 
 nection with the course in pathological histology. Sufficient 
 material for these demonstrations is obtained from the Bay 
 View Asylum and other sources in the city. Especial impor- 
 tance is attached to the microscopical study of the fresh 
 specimens chiefly by the aid of frozen sections, as the 
 student is thus enabled to compare the gross and the micro- 
 scopical appearances, and to observe such microscopical 
 alterations as are more evident in fresh than in hardened 
 specimens. 
 
 Opportunity is afforded to become familiar with the method 
 of making post-mortem examinations. A number of these 
 examinations are performed weekly by Dr. Councilman. 
 
 On account of the increasing importance of the subject, 
 special attention is given to the collection and study of 
 material in Comparative Pathology. 
 
 The Pathological Institute is equipped with apparatus for 
 studies in Experimental Pathology. In this, as well as in 
 other departments of pathology and in bacteriology, the 
 resources of the institute are open to those who are prepared 
 to engage in special investigations. 
 
 Instruction in Bacteriology is given by Professor Welch, 
 with the co-operation of Dr. Bolton. The bacteriological 
 laboratory is supplied with all the apparatus required by the 
 modern methods of investigation in this important depart- 
 ment. There is a large collection of cultures of the most 
 important and interesting micro-organisms belonging to this 
 branch of study. In the bacteriological course, students are 
 instructed in the modern methods of cultivating bacteria, 
 and are taught to study the morphological and biological 
 characters of the bacteria and fungi, particularly of those 
 
56 
 
 DRAWING. 
 
 relating to disease. The methods of making biological exam- 
 inations of air, water, etc., are taught. 
 
 It is earnestly recommended to those who expect to make 
 a special study of pathology or bacteriology, to acquire a 
 reading knowledge of French and German. Preliminary 
 training in physics, chemistry, and biology forms the best 
 preparation for the successful pursuit of pathology as well as 
 of medicine in general. 
 
 DRAWING. 
 
 The instruction in drawing is so arranged as to give a 
 student a general knowledge of the art, so far as the time 
 at his command will permit, while those who have special 
 aptitude are encouraged to follow more advanced courses. 
 Undergraduates take up drawing as one of their required 
 studies, unless they can show to the authorities that they 
 have already attained a fair proficiency in this art. Grad- 
 uate students are allowed the privilege of receiving lessons. 
 Those who look forward to scientific pursuits, especially those 
 who study natural history on the one hand, and physics and 
 other branches of applied mathematics on the other hand , 
 find these courses of great value. 
 
 Instruction is given in free-hand, and in mechanical or 
 instrumental drawing. 
 
 In free-hand drawing the student is at once put to draw 
 from models. Beginning with the most simple forms, he 
 proceeds through a series of studies till he is able to produce 
 a fair drawing of any simple object or objects, in outlines 
 and in light and shade. No copying is engaged in. The 
 chief instrument used is the lead pencil, and afterwards pen 
 and ink, charcoal or crayon. No careless work is permitted, 
 and the work is to be executed with precision and truthful- 
 ness. Thus, from the beginning, by personal attention to 
 
PHYSICAL TRAINING. 
 
 57 
 
 each student, care and exactness are inculcated in rendering 
 the appearance of objects, the aim being to teach the student 
 to draw what is placed before him. After this general course 
 has been completed, instructions are given in drawing from 
 natural forms of all kinds, and in sketching from nature, in 
 pencil, pen and ink, and water colors. 
 
 By this system, in one or two years, with a fair amount of 
 diligence, the student is able to draw and color any subject 
 which may be presented to him, and to illustrate on the 
 blackboard, if engaged in teaching. 
 
 While the work of free-hand drawing is being carried on, 
 instrumental or mechanical drawing is also attended to. 
 Instruction is given weekly to classes, by lectures, illustrated 
 by drawings on the blackboard. In this way the elements 
 of perspective, isometrical, and topographical drawing are 
 taught, and also plans, elevations, sections, and developments, 
 and mechanical drawings from models, intersections of solids, 
 and projection of shadows. 
 
 The students are required to work from written data, after 
 the principles involved in each lesson have been explained 
 at the blackboard, and to make a finished drawing in ink. 
 
 Occasional examinations are given to test the proficiency 
 attained by the students in their studies. 
 
 PHYSICAL TRAINING. 
 
 The Gymnasium consists of a main hall, the director’s 
 office, and a series of dressing rooms which are furnished 
 with lockers, and the usual appliances for bathing. Adja- 
 cent to it are studies and conversation rooms for the use of 
 students ; a room in which luncheon is served daily ; and a 
 yard which is available during most of the year for the pur- 
 pose of tennis-play, and baseball and lacrosse practice. The 
 gymnasium, which is intended for the use of all the students 
 
58 
 
 PHYSICAL TRAINING. 
 
 in the university, is placed under the charge of a director, 
 Dr. Hartwell, who is a graduate of the biological department 
 of this university and also a graduate in medicine. The 
 main hall is furnished with a representative set of the Sar- 
 gent developing machines, as well as with ordinary gym- 
 nastic appliances of the most approved pattern. All students 
 are encouraged to consult the director touching questions of 
 regimen and exercise. The Clifton playground, used by the 
 students for athletic sports, is also under his supervision. 
 All undergraduates are required to report to him, from time 
 to time, for physical examination and for advice. Class 
 instruction in Swedish free movements and in heavy gym- 
 nastics is given thrice weekly, during most of the year, 
 by Mr. Nissen, Instructor in Gymnastics, who is practically 
 familiar with the Swedish and German systems of practice 
 and instruction. Undergraduates are required at the begin- 
 ning of their course to attend lectures on selected health 
 topics, which are given weekly by Dr. Hartwell during the 
 first half of the academic year. 
 
 By combining the use of the Sargent machines, under 
 scientific direction, for the purposes of promoting healthful 
 and symmetrical development, with class instruction in 
 Swedish and German gymnastics, whose ends are more dis- 
 tinctly educational, efforts are making to establish a syste- 
 matic, graded, progressive course of physical training to meet 
 the wants of graduates and undergraduates alike. The best 
 European experience shows that systematic physical train- 
 ing is of the utmost use, not only in promoting the health of 
 students but also in developing brain power and intelligent 
 self-control. 
 
LIBRARIES. 
 
 59 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 1. The University Library numbers over 35,000 bound 
 volumes selected with special reference to the instruction 
 here given. It is arranged in several departments, of which 
 these are the chief : 
 
 General reference. 
 Historical (including the 
 Bluntschli collection). 
 Mathematical and Physical. 
 Chemical. 
 
 Biological. 
 
 Classical. 
 
 Shemitic and Sanskrit. 
 Romance Languages. 
 Teutonic Languages. 
 
 The general reference and reading room is open daily 
 from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. ; the other rooms in accordance 
 with special regulations. 
 
 The Library receives the publications of all the leading 
 scientific societies of the world and the chief literary and 
 scientific periodicals. The whole number of serials received 
 exceeds one thousand. This list is supplemented by those 
 of the Peabody Institute and other institutions of the city, 
 so that the whole number of journals accessible to students 
 (exclusive of ephemeral publications) exceeds twelve hun- 
 dred. Important books, English, German, and French, are 
 received by the Library as soon as published, by purchase or 
 by the courtesy of dealers. 
 
 2. The Library of the Peabody Institute is a choice 
 collection of books purchased since 1866. It is particularly 
 full in academic transactions, long historical series, and 
 costly illustrated books. It numbers 90,000 volumes, well 
 bound, catalogued, and arranged. It is open daily without 
 charge from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. 
 
 3. The Maryland Historical Society Library contains 
 23,000 volumes of historical works, and is open daily. 
 
60 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 Other libraries of Baltimore are the New Mercantile 
 Library (40,000 volumes), the Bar Library (11,000 volumes), 
 the Medical and Chirurgical Library (6,000 volumes), the 
 Pratt Free Public Library (60,000 volumes), the Maryland 
 Episcopal Library (10,000 volumes), and the Library of the 
 Maryland Institute (20,000 volumes). 
 
 Washington is so near that its museums and libraries may 
 be easily visited. Among the chief institutions of interest 
 to students are these : 
 
 The Smithsonian Institution and National Museum. 
 
 The Library of Congress. 
 
 The Army Medical and Surgical Museum and Library. 
 
 The U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. 
 
 The U. S. Geological Survey. 
 
 The U. S. Naval Observatory. 
 
 The U. S. Signal Service. 
 
 The U. S. Agricultural Bureau. 
 
 The U. S. Census Office. 
 
 The U. S. Bureau of Education. 
 
 The Libraries of the Departments. 
 
 The Corcoran Art Gallery. 
 
GRADUATE STUDENTS, 1887-88. 
 
 FELLOWS BY COURTESY. 
 
 William M. Arnolt, B. D., New Brunswick (N. J.) Theological 
 Seminary ; former Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Philip S. Baker, A. B. and A.M., Indiana Asbury University; 
 M. D., Indiana Medical College ; Professor of Chemistry in De 
 Pauw University. 
 
 Louis Bell, A. B., Dartmouth College ; former Fellow, Johns Hop- 
 kins University. 
 
 Richard G. Boone, Professor of Pedagogics, Indiana University. 
 
 William H. Burnham, A. B., Harvard University ; former Fellow, 
 Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Benjamin C. Burt, A. B. and A. M., University of Michigan; As- 
 sistant Professor of English, etc., in the University of Michi- 
 gan; former Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 John P. Campbell, A. B., Johns Hopkins University; former 
 Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Henry Clarke, A. B. and A. M., University of London; former 
 Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Herbert C. Elmer, A. B., Cornell University; Ph.D. and former 
 Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 John C. Fields, A. B., University of Toronto; Ph. D. and former 
 Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Robert O. Graham, A.B. and A.M., Amherst College; late Pro- 
 fessor in Westminster College, Pa. 
 
 Rufus L. Green, S. B., Indiana University; Associate Professor 
 of Mathematics, Indiana University. 
 
 Milton Haight, A. B., University of Toronto ; former Fellow, 
 Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 John L. Hall, Randolph Macon College; former Fellow, Johns 
 Hopkins University. 
 
 James H. Hyslop, A.B. and A.M., University of Wooster; Ph.D. 
 and former Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Joseph Jastrow, A.B. and A. M., University of Pennsylvania; 
 Ph. D. and former Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
62 
 
 GRADUATE STUDENTS, 1887 - 88 . 
 
 George T. Kemp, A. B., and Ph.D., and former Fellow, Johns 
 Hopkins University. 
 
 William A. Lamberton, A. B. and A. M., University of Pennsyl- 
 vania; late Professor of Greek in Lehigh University. 
 
 Yuzero Motora, Japan; former Fellow, Johns Hopkins Univer- 
 sity. 
 
 Julius Nelson, S. B. and M. S., University of Wisconsin; former 
 Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Orray T. Sherman, A.B., Yale College; late Assistant in the As- 
 tronomical Observatory of Yale University. 
 
 Edward P. Smith, A. B. and A. M., Amherst College ; Professor in 
 the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. 
 
 George M. Sternberg, M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 (N. Y.) ; Surgeon, U. S. Army. 
 
 William C. Thayer, A. B., Columbia College, and A. M., Williams 
 College ; late Professor in Hobart College. 
 
 Henry D. Todd, U. S. Naval Academy; Professor on duty at the 
 Nautical Almanac Office. 
 
 John ft. Wightman, A. B. and A.M., University of Toronto; 
 former Fellow, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Charles E. Wright, University of Berlin; State Geologist of Mich- 
 
 FELLOWS. 
 
 Edgar P. Allen, A. B., Emory College. 
 
 Joseph S. Ames, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Philip W. Ayres, Ph. B„ Cornell University. 
 
 William S. Eichelberger, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Henry R. Fairclough, A. B. and A.M., University of Toronto; 
 now Lecturer in Greek in the University of Toronto. (Re- 
 signed.) 
 
 William C. L. Gorton, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 William H. Hobbs, S. B., Worcester Polytechnic Institute. 
 Joseph H. Kastle, S. B. and M. S., Kentucky State College. 
 
 Felix Lengfeld, California College of Pharmacy. 
 
 Archibald MacMechan, A. B., University of Toronto. 
 
 Herbert W. Magoun, A. B. and A. M., Iowa College. 
 
 Franklin P. Mall, M. D., University of Michigan. 
 
 Thomas McCabe, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 John L. Moore, A. B. and A. M., Princeton College. 
 
 Augustus T. Murray, A. B., Haverford College. 
 
GRADUATE STUDENTS, 1887 - 88 . 
 
 63 
 
 George T. W. Patrick, A. B., Iowa University, and B. D., Yale 
 University ; now Professor of Philosophy and Didactics, Iowa 
 State University. (Resigned.) 
 
 Edmund C. Sanford, A. B., University of California. 
 
 Charles L. Smith, S. B., Wake Forest College. 
 
 Arthur C. Wightman, A. B., Wofford College. 
 
 Henry Y. P. Wilson, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS. 
 
 Charles McL. Andrews, A. B., Trinity College (Conn.). 
 
 Edward C. Applegarth, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Richard H. Bayard, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 William M. Burton, A. B., Adelbert College. 
 
 Morgan Callaway, Jr., A. B., and A. M., Emory College. 
 
 Charles E. Coates, Jr., A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Paul J. Dashiell, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Alfred R. L. Dohme, A.B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 George P. Dreyer, A.B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Edwin W. Fay, A.M., Southwestern Presbyterian University. 
 Julius Friedenwald, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Adam C. Gill, A.B., Amherst College. 
 
 Jay C. Guggenheimer, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Franz O. K. Hoffmann, A.B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Thomas Logie, A. B., University of Toronto. 
 
 Robert M. McLane, Jr., A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Daniel A. Murray, A.B., Dalhousie College. 
 
 John M. Pierce, A. B., Washington University. 
 
 John Charles Robertson, A.B., University of Toronto. 
 
 Shozaburo Watase, S. B., Sapporo Agricultural College (Japan). 
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 OTHER GRADUATE STUDENTS. 
 
 John C. Adair, A. B., Westminster College (Pa.). 
 
 Alfred Allen, A. B. and A. M., Alfred University. 
 
 Eugene T. Allen, A.B., Amherst College. 
 
 Henry C. Armstrong, Jr., S.B., Ala. Agr. and Mech. College. 
 William W. Baden, A. B., Johns Hopkins University, and LL. B., 
 University of Maryland. 
 
 Maurice Barnett, S. B., College of City of New York. 
 
 H. F. H. Baughmann, A. B. and A. M., Western Maryland College. 
 
64 
 
 GRADUATE STUDENTS, 1887 - 88 . 
 
 Charles H. Bedell, S.B., Haverford College. 
 
 Arthur E. Bibbins, Ph. B., Albion College. 
 
 William Bignell, A. B., Allegheny College. 
 
 Samuel A. Binion, M. D., University of Maryland. 
 
 Frank W. Blackmar, Ph.B. and A.M., University of the Pacific. 
 Charles C. Blackshear, A. B., Mercer University. 
 
 Benjamin L. Bowen, A.B., Rochester University. 
 
 Jeffrey R. Brackett, A. B., Harvard University. 
 
 Charles F. Brede, A. B., Haverford College. 
 
 Charles E. Brewer, A. M., Wake Forest College. 
 
 Alfred H. Bucherer, University of Bonn. 
 
 James Buckham, A. B. and A. M., University of Vermont. 
 Richard E. Burton, A. B., Trinity College. 
 
 Louis G. Carpenter, B.S. and M.S., Michigan Agric. College. 
 Eugene Chaney, A. B., Dickinson College. 
 
 Charles H. Chapman, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Thomas E. Cheek, L. B., Wake Forest College (N. C.). 
 
 Thomas D. Coleman, A. B., Kentucky University. 
 
 Elisha Conover, Jr., A. B. and A. M., Dickinson College. 
 
 Frank P. Cox, S. B., Rose Polytechnic Institute. 
 
 James Cummings, A.B. and A.M., University of Tennessee. 
 John Daniel, A. B. and A. M., University of Alabama. 
 
 R. J. J. de Roode, Jr., S. B. and M. S., Kentucky State College. 
 Hermann L. Ebeling, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 George W. Edmond, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Charles L. Edwards, S. B., Indiana University. 
 
 Harry Falkenau, B. L., Cornell University. 
 
 Henry T. L. Fernald, S. B., Maine State College. 
 
 John H. Finley, A. B., Knox College (111.). 
 
 Robert J. Finley, S. B., Knox College (111.). 
 
 Robert E. Gaines, A. M., Furman University (S. C.). 
 
 Henry B. Gardner, A. B., Brown University. 
 
 Charles J. Goodwin, A.B., Bowdoin College. 
 
 Charles S. Hartwell, A. B., Amherst College. 
 
 Joseph E. Harry, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Charles H. Haskins, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Eldridge B. Hatcher, A.M., Richmond College. 
 
 James T. Hatfield, A. B. and A.M., Northwestern University. 
 Erasmus Haworth, S. B. and M. S., Kansas University. 
 
 George A. Hench, A. B., Lafayette College. 
 
 George L. Hendrickson, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 Francis H. Herrick, A. B., Dartmouth College. 
 
65 
 
 GRADUATE STUDENTS, 1887-88. 
 
 Charles H. Herty, Ph. B., University of Georgia. 
 
 Adolph A. Himowich, S. B. and M.D., New York University. 
 Clifton F. Hodge, A. B., Ripon College. 
 
 Charles C. Holden, University of Virginia. 
 
 Frank G. Hubbard, A. B., Williams College, and Ph.D., Johns 
 Hopkins University. 
 
 James G. Hume, A. B., University of Toronto. 
 
 Cary T. Hutchinson, Ph.B., Washington University. 
 
 Toyo K. Iyenaga, Ph.B., Oberlin College. 
 
 Joseph L. Jayne, U. S. Naval Academy. 
 
 Louis Katzenstein, University of Berlin. 
 
 James T. Lees, A. B., Adelbert College (O.). 
 
 Hampden S. Lewis, A. B., Tulane University. 
 
 David J. Lingle, S.B., University of Chicago. 
 
 Alvin F. Linn, A. B., Wittenberg College (Ohio). 
 
 Augustus W. Long, A. B., University of North Carolina. 
 
 Hiram B. Loomis, A. B., Trinity College (Conn.). 
 
 James Mahoney, A. B., Amherst College. 
 
 Henry F. Marx, A. B., Lafayette College. 
 
 John E. Matzke, A. B., Hope College (Mich.). 
 
 John H. T. McPherson, A.B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Colyer Meriwether, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Wilmot V. Metcalf, A. B., Oberlin College. 
 
 George F. Metzler, A. B. and A.M., Albert College (Ont.). 
 
 John I. Middleton, Jr., A. B., Princeton College. 
 
 Kelly Miller, A. B., Howard University (D. C.). 
 
 Frank E. Millis, A. B., De Pauw University. 
 
 William M. Milroy, A. B., Geneva College ; B. D., Yale University ; 
 
 A. M., Westminster College. 
 
 Thomas H. Morgan, S. B., Kentucky State College. 
 
 Charles W. Moulton, A. B., University of Minnesota. 
 
 Barker Newhall, A. B., Haverford College. 
 
 Chalmers C. Norwood, A. B., Davidson College. 
 
 Claire A. Orr, A. B., University of Michigan. 
 
 Robert M. Parks, Jr., A. B., Indiana University. 
 
 Mansfield T. Peed, A.M., Randolph Macon College. 
 
 Samuel L. Powell, A.B., Pennsylvania College. 
 
 Wyatt W. Randall, A. B., St. John’s College. 
 
 Thomas G. Rector, M. S,, West Virginia University. 
 
 William D. Reynolds, Jr., A. B. and B. L., Hampden-Sidney Col- 
 lege. 
 
 Jacob M. Rich, E. M. and C. E., Columbia College. 
 
 George M. Richardson, A.C., Lehigh University. 
 
66 
 
 GRADUATE STUDENTS, 1887 - 88 . 
 
 John T. Roberts, A.B., Davidson College. 
 
 John Cunningham Robertson, A. M., University of Virginia. 
 Henry S. Scribner, A. B. and A.M., Princeton College. 
 
 Joseph S. Shefloe, A. B., Norwegian Luther College. 
 
 James H. Smith, A. B., Oberlin College. 
 
 Kirby W. Smith, A. B., University of Vermont. 
 
 Aristogeiton M. Soho, Syra (Greece) Gymnasium. 
 
 Miles W. Sterling, A. B., University of Kansas. 
 
 Edward L. Stevenson, A. B. and A. M., Franklin College (Ind.). 
 Walter P. Stradley, A. M., Wake Forest College. 
 
 Jacob A. Strite, A.B., Dickinson College. 
 
 Henry Taber, Ph.B., Yale University. 
 
 Samuel F. Tower, A. B., Dartmouth College. 
 
 William P. Trent, A.M., University of Virginia. 
 
 James S. Trueman, A.B., Dalhousie College. 
 
 George M. Turner, S. B., Amherst College. 
 
 Lemon L. Uhl, A.B. and A. M., Wittenberg College (Ohio). 
 Edward P. Van Kirk, B. M., Lehigh University. 
 
 John M. Vincent, A.B., Oberlin College. 
 
 Julian L White, Ph. B., Columbia College. 
 
 Richard J. White, A.B., Haverford College. 
 
 John E. Wiatt, A. B. and A. M., Richmond College. 
 
 Henry H. Wiegand, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Gilbert Wilkes, U. S. Naval Academy. 
 
 Julius T. Willard, S. B. and M. S., Kansas State Agric. College. 
 Lucius E. Williams, A.B., Mercer University. 
 
 William K. Williams, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 Augustus Wood, A. B., Brown University. 
 
 Thomas K. Worthington, A. B., Haverford College. 
 
 (118) 
 
 ATTENDANTS ON SINGLE COURSES. 
 
 Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory. 
 
 Professor W. K. Brooks, Ph. D., Director. 
 
 (Tenth Session, at Nassau, March-August, 1887.) 
 
 Julius Nelson, S. B., University of Wisconsin, late Fellow. 
 
 H. V. Wilson, A. B., Johns Hopkins University, Fellow. 
 
 H. T. L. Fernald, S.B., Maine State College. 
 
 F. H. Herrick, A. B., Dartmouth College. 
 
 A. H. Jennings. 
 
 Professor J. P. McMurrich, A.B. and A.M., University of To- 
 ronto; Ph. D., Johns Hopkins University ; Professor in Hav- 
 erford College. 
 
67 
 
 GRADUATE STUDENTS, 1887 - 88 . 
 
 Dr. C. S. Dolley, M.D., University of Pennsylvania; Professor 
 in Swarthmore College ; with four students, namely : M. J. 
 Greenman, A. L. Lamb (J. H. U.), E. P. Marshall. Jr., and C. 
 E. Nassau. 
 
 Pathology . 
 
 Frank C. Ard, M. D., University of Maryland. 
 
 William D. Booker, M.D., University of Virginia. 
 
 Henry T. Brooks, M. D., Albany Medical College. 
 
 John W. Chambers, M. D., College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 (Baltimore). 
 
 Daniel M. Easter, M. D., University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Frank D. Gavin, M. D., University of Maryland. 
 
 William S.Halsted, A. B., Yale University; M. D., College of Phy- 
 sicians and Surgeons (N. Y.). 
 
 John U. Hobach, A.B., Franklin and Marshall College; M.D., 
 University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Caspar O. Miller, M. D., University of Virginia. 
 
 Robert L. Randolph, M. D., University of Maryland. 
 
 Fremont L. Russell, B. S., Maine State College; V. S„ New York 
 College of Veterinary Surgeons. 
 
 Frederick S. Thomas, M. D., University of Maryland and Bellevue 
 Hospital Medical College. 
 
 Physiology. 
 
 James G. Wiltshire, M.D., University of Maryland. 
 
 Histology. 
 
 Nathaniel T. Carswell, M. D., College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 (Baltimore). 
 
 Archer C. Harrison, M.D., University of Maryland. 
 
 Psycho-Physios. 
 
 John C. Hemmeter, M. D., University of Maryland. 
 
 George J. Preston, A. B., Washington and Lee University ; M. D., 
 University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Hebrew and other Sliemitic Languages. 
 
 Rev. Howard F. Downs. 
 
 Rev. Ashby J. Fristce, Richmond College. 
 
 Rev. Charles F. W. Lamm. 
 
 Rev. Whitford L. McDowell. 
 
 Rev. Charles A. Schloegel. 
 
 Rev. Edward L. Watson. 
 
68 
 
 GRADUATE STUDENTS, 1887 - 88 . 
 
 History of Philosophy. 
 
 Rev. Chauncey B. Brewster, A. M., Yale University. 
 
 Rev. Augustus Davisson, Vanderbilt University. 
 
 Rev. John N. McCormick, A. B., Randolph Macon College. 
 
 Rev. Daniel T. Phillips, Haverfordwest College (Wales). 
 
 Rev. Ed. M. Poteat, A. B., Wake Forest College. 
 
 Rev. William F. Slocum, A.B., Amherst College. 
 
 Rev. Hohart H. Smith. 
 
 Richard H. Woodward, Virginia Military Institute. 
 
 Pedagogics. 
 
 Toshihide Shinoda, Tokio Normal School. 
 
 History. 
 
 James D. Murray, Jr., A.B., St. Johns College; LL. B., Univer- 
 sity of Maryland. 
 
 Theophilus J. Schaumloeffel, University of Maryland (Law 
 School). 
 
 Rev. Leyburn M. Bennett, A. B., Western Maryland College. 
 
 Political Science. 
 
 Charles M. Howard, A . B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 William H. Perkins, Jr., A.B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Henry O. Thompson, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Political Economy. 
 
 Clinton L. Riggs, C. E., Princeton College. 
 
 Historical Seminary. 
 
 Percy M. Hughes, A. B., Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Historical Jurisprudence ( English Law). 
 
 Edward A. Donnelly, University of Maryland (Law School). 
 
 Astronomy. 
 
 Eudorus C. Kenney, S. B., Cornell University. 
 
 ( 49 ) 
 
TABULAR STATEMENTS. 
 
 1. Academic Staff, 1887-88. 
 
 President and Professors, 10 
 
 Associate Professors, 13 
 
 Associates, 12 
 
 Instructors and Assistants, 15 
 
 Lecturers and Readers, 7 
 
 57 
 
 2 . Enrolled Students, 1887-88. 
 
 Graduates (including Fellows), 234 
 
 Matriculates (including Candidates), 127 
 
 Special (including Preliminary Medical), .... 62 
 
 The above enumeration includes 
 
 423 
 
 Doctors of Philosophy, . 6 
 
 Doctors of Medicine, . . 20 
 
 Clergymen, .... 17 
 
 Masters of Arts, ... 37 
 
 Masters of Science, . . 7 
 
 Bachelors of Divinity, . 3 
 
 Bachelors of Laws, . . 2 
 
 Bachelors of Arts, . . 132 
 
 Bachelors of Science, . 22 
 
 Bachelors of Philosophy, . 8 
 
 Holders of other Degrees, . 9 
 
 8. Attendance upon the Various Courses of 
 Instruction, 1887-88. 
 
 Mathematics and Astronomy, 84 
 Physics, .... 85 
 
 Chemistry, .... 119 
 
 Mineralogy, Geology, etc., 25 
 Biology, .... 61 
 
 Pathology, .... 16 
 
 Greek, 61 
 
 Latin, 74 
 
 Shemitic Languages, . 18 
 
 Sanskrit and Comp. Philol . 40 
 
 German, .... 130 
 
 English and Anglo-Saxon, 84 
 Romance Languages, . 72 
 
 History and Polit. Science, 139 
 Psychology and Pedagogics, 81 
 Logic and Ethics, . . 36 
 
70 TABULAR STATEMENTS. 
 
 4. Classification by Residences of Students, 1887-88. 
 
 Maryland (Balto., 153), 
 
 
 
 201 
 
 Delaware, . 
 
 
 . 3 
 
 Pennsylvania, . 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 Kansas, 
 
 
 . 3 
 
 New York, 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 
 . 3 
 
 Virginia, . 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 West Virginia, . 
 
 
 . 3 
 
 District of Columbia, 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 Arkansas, . 
 
 
 . 2 
 
 Illinois, 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 Louisiana, . 
 
 
 . 2 
 
 Ohio, .... 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 New Hampshire, 
 
 
 g 
 
 Massachusetts, 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 Vermont, . 
 
 
 ! 2 
 
 Indiana, . 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Colorado, . 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 New Jersey, . 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Florida, 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 North Carolina, 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Nebraska, . 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 Georgia, . 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Mississippi, 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 Connecticut, . 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Rhode Island, . 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 Maine, 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Utah, . 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 Minnesota, 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 Wisconsin, 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Canada, 
 
 
 . 12 
 
 Iowa, 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Japan, . 
 
 
 . 7 
 
 Kentucky, 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 China, . 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 Michigan, 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 England, . 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 Missouri, . 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Germany, . 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 South Carolina, 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 Alabama, . 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Italy, . 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 California, 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Russia, 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 5. Summary of Attendance, 1876-88. 
 
 Years. 
 
 Teachers. 
 
 Total Enrolled 
 Students. 
 
 Graduate Students, 
 including Fellows. 
 
 Matriculates, in- 
 cluding Candidates. 
 
 Special, including 
 Prel. Med. 
 
 Degrees 
 
 Conferred. 
 
 A. B. 
 
 Ph. D. 
 
 1876-77 
 
 29 1 
 
 89 
 
 54 
 
 12 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 1877-78 
 
 34 
 
 104 
 
 58 
 
 24 
 
 22 
 
 
 4 
 
 1878-79 
 
 25 
 
 123 
 
 63 
 
 25 
 
 35 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 1879-80 
 
 33 
 
 159 
 
 79 
 
 32 
 
 48 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 1880-81 
 
 39 
 
 176 
 
 102 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 1881-82 
 
 43 
 
 175 
 
 99 
 
 45 
 
 31 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 1882-83 
 
 41 
 
 204 
 
 125 
 
 49 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 1883-84 
 
 49 
 
 249 
 
 159 
 
 53 
 
 37 
 
 23 
 
 15 
 
 1884-85 
 
 52 
 
 290 
 
 174 
 
 69 
 
 47 
 
 • 9 
 
 13 
 
 1885-86 
 
 49 
 
 314 
 
 184 
 
 96 
 
 34 
 
 31 
 
 17 
 
 1886-87 
 
 51 
 
 378 
 
 228 
 
 108 
 
 42 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 1887-88 
 
 57 
 
 423 
 
 234 
 
 127 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 1 In the first two years the number of non-resident lecturers 
 was much larger than it has been since. 
 
TABULAR STATEMENTS. 
 
 71 
 
 6. List of Institutions in which the Students 
 (1887-88) were Graduated. 
 
 Johns Hopkins University, 
 University of Toronto, 
 Amherst College, . 
 University of Maryland, 
 Haverford College, 
 University of Pennsylvania, 
 University of Virginia, 
 
 Wake Forest College, . 
 Cornell University, 
 
 Oberlin College, 
 
 Yale University, . 
 
 Princeton College, 
 
 Columbia College, . 
 Dartmouth College, 
 
 Davidson College, 
 
 Dickinson College, 
 
 Indiana University, 
 Kentucky State College, 
 Randolph Macon College, . 
 Richmond College, 
 
 St. John’s College (Md.), 
 Trinity College (Conn.), 
 University of Michigan, 
 United States Naval Acad., 
 Adelbert College, . 
 
 Brown University, 
 
 Dalhousie College, 
 
 De Pauw University, . 
 Emory College (Ga.), . 
 
 Harvard University, 
 
 Knox College, 
 
 Lafayette College, 
 
 Lehigh University, 
 
 Mercer University, 
 University of Kansas, . 
 University of Vermont, 
 Washington University (Mo.), 
 Western Maryland College, 
 Wittenberg College (Ohio), 
 Alabama Agr. and Mech. Col., 
 Albany Medical College, 
 Albert College (Canada), . 
 Albion College, 
 
 Alfred University (N. Y.), . 
 Allegheny College, 
 
 Bowdoin College, . 
 
 Col. of the City of New York, 
 
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 Col. of Phys. and Surg. (Balt.) 
 Col. of Phys. and Surg. (N. Y.) 
 Franklin College (Ind.), . 
 Furman University (S. C.), . 
 Geneva College (Ohio), . 
 Hampden-Sidney College, . 
 Hope College, .... 
 Howard University, 
 
 Imperial University of Tokio, 
 Indiana Medical College, 
 Iowa College, .... 
 Iowa State University, . 
 Kansas State Agric. College, 
 Maine State College, 
 
 Michigan Agric. College, 
 
 New Brunswick Theol. Sem., 
 Northwestern University, . 
 Norwegian Luther College, . 
 Pennsylvania College, . 
 Ripon College, .... 
 Rose Polytechnic Institute, . 
 Sapporo Agricultural College, 
 Southwestern Presby. Univ., 
 Tulane University, . 
 University of Alabama, 
 University of Berlin, 
 University of California, 
 University of Chicago, . 
 University of City of N. Y., . 
 University of Georgia, . 
 University of Kansas, . 
 University of Kentucky, 
 University of London, . 
 University of Minnesota, 
 University of North Carolina, 
 University of Tennessee, 
 University of the Pacific, 
 University of Rochester, 
 University of Wisconsin, 
 University of Wooster, . 
 Washington and Lee Univ., . 
 Westminster College (Pa.), . 
 West Virginia University, . 
 Williams College, 
 
 Wolford College (S. C.), . 
 Worcester (Mass.) Polyt. Inst. 
 
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Journals Published under the Auspices of the 
 Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 I. American Journal of Mathemathics. 
 
 S. Newcomb, Editor, and T. Craig, Associate Editor. 
 Quarterly. 4to. Volume X in progress. $5 per 
 volume. 
 
 II. American Chemical Journal. 
 
 I. Remsen, Editor. Bi-monthly. 8vo. Volume X in 
 progress. $3 per volume. 
 
 III. American Journal of Philology. 
 
 B. L. Gildersleeve, Editor. Quarterly. 8vo. Volume 
 IX in progress. $3 per volume. 
 
 IV. Studies from the Biological Laboratory. 
 
 Including the Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory. H. 
 
 N. Martin, Editor, and W. K. Brooks, Associate 
 Editor. 8vo. Volume IV in progress. $5 per 
 volume. 
 
 V. Studies in Historical and Political Science. 
 
 H. B. Adams, Editor. Monthly. 8vo. Volume VI 
 ready. $3 per volume. 
 
 VI. Johns Hopkins University Circulars. 
 
 Containing reports of scientific and literary work in 
 
 progress in Baltimore. 4to. Volume VII in pro- 
 gress. $1 per year. 
 
 VII. Annual Report. 
 
 Presented by the President to the Board of Trustees, 
 reviewing the operations of the University during the 
 past academic year. 
 
 VIII. Annual Register. 
 
 Giving the list of officers and students, and stating the 
 regulations, etc., of the University. Published at the 
 dose of the academic year . 
 
 A full list of publications will be sent on application to 
 the Publication Agency of the Johns Hopkins University, 
 Baltimore, Maryland.