!L’ '.vnf!Y AT URt .A :^-CHAMPA:3N BOOKSTACKS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/navalmilitaryherOOjohn ^© 2 .' / LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGTTIHHUJJ*' dcse or wrl THE NAVAL AND MILITANT HEROES OF GEEAT BEITAIN OR CALENDAR OF VICTORY BEING A RECORD OF BRITISH VALOUR AND CONQUEST BY SEA AND BAND ON EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR From the Reign of William the Conqueror to the Battle of Inkermann * v y pr PROJECTED AND COMMENCED BX THE LATE MAJOR JOHNS, R.M. CONTINUED AND COMPLETED BX LIEUT. P. H. NICOLAS, R.M. 1? T -! j CIO As if ill in WITH CHRONOLOGICAL AND ALPHABETICAL INDEXES Illustrated with 24 Portraits engraved on Steel LONDON HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN 1860 EOYDOff PBUTTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AlfD CO. KW-STBEET SQUABE q^z JCZrL PREFACE. England is not less indebted, for her high position in the scale of nations, to her valour in the field, and on the sea, than to her spirit of commercial enterprise. From the earliest ages, and in every quarter of the globe, wherever her forces have contended with a foreign foe, they have acquired a renown that would have gratified the pride of the greatest military power in Europe. On the ocean, the exploits of her sons are, if possible, even more distinguished. The names of Howe, Duncan, Jervis, and Nelson are enrolled on the pillars of Fame, with those of Howard, Blake, Drake, and Hooke ; and the decisive and important victories of the Nile and Trafalgar esta- blished her Naval supremacy throughout the world. Animated by these views, the author was induced to compile the “ Calendar of Victory from which it will be seen that the indomitable courage of the British soldiers who conquered at Crecy, at Poitiers, and at Agincourt, has not degenerated ; and that those who iv PREFACE. fought and vanquished in Egypt, in the Peninsula, at Waterloo, and in India, have left no unworthy successors in the heroes of the Alma and of Inkermann. The plan of the work is exceedingly simple. Begin- ning with January 1st, the successes of the English arms by sea and land are briefly related for each successive day throughout the year. This synopsis of our vic- torious achievements is accompanied by a carefully prepared Index, which, while it gives the date of any enterprise, and directs the inquirer to the source of more extended information, at the same time supplies a chronology of Military and Naval occurrences from the wars of the crusades, to the heroic struggle in the Crimea in the present year. The authorities which have been consulted are too numerous to be cited here ; but among the more im- portant are Beatson’s Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, Schomberg’s Naval Chronology, James’s Naval History, Allen’s Battles of the British Navy, Coxe’s Memoirs of the Duke of Marlborough, and more especially Napier’s History of the Peninsular War, to whose truthful pages the “ Calendar of Victory ” is in- debted for many a graphic sketch. April, IS 55. LIST OF PLATES. imts. Arthur Wellesley, Duke op Wellington . Frontispiece Sir John Moore Page 16 Charles, Marquis Cornwallis 50 Sir Ralph Abercromby 82 Robert, first Lord Clive 107 Sir Thomas Picton 172 John Manners, Marquis of Granby .... 203 John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough . . .236 Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset . . . .265 Charles Mordaunt, third Earl of Peterborough . 288 John Campbell, Duke of Argyll and Greenwich . . 339 Rowland, Lord Hill • • • . 367 ■ fbfcl 1 Horatio, Yiscount Nelson ) zxm . Frontispiece Sir Francis Drake . . Page 1 52 Samuel, first Yiscount Hood. . 404 John Jervis, Earl St. Yincent . 418 George, Lord Rodney . 460 Admiral ' Robert Blake . . 484 Richard, first Earl Howe . . 497 Sir James Saumerez . . 524 Augustus, Yiscount Keppel . . 534 Admiral, Yiscount Exmouth . . 559 Adam, first Viscount Duncan . 591 Admiral Lord Hawke . . 622 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 1066. Oct. 14. 1099. July 15. 1119. Aug. 19. 1138. Aug. 22. 1191. May 7. „ July 12. „ Sept. 16. 1217. May 19. 1295. Jan. 1. 1296. April 27. 1298. July 22. 1304. July 20. 1333. July 19. 1344. Aug. 9. 1346. July 27. „ Aug. 26. 1347. Aug. 4. „ Oct. 17. 1349. Jan. 1. 1356. Sept. 19. 1364. Sept. 29. 1369. April 3. 1402. Sept. 14. 1403. July 21. 1410. Feb. 12. 1412. Nov. 9. 1415. Jan. 2. „ Oct. 25. „ Sept. 18. 1417. Aug. 9. „ Sept. 4. 1418. Feb. 16. 1419. Jan. 19. 1420. June 11. „ June 23. „ July 5. 1422. May 2. 1423. Aug. 15. 1513. Aug. 18. „ Sept. 9. 1543. Sept. 14. 1545. Feb. 6. „ July 18. 1546. May 22. 1547. Sept. 10. 1549. May 1. Battle of Hastings. Capture of Jerusalem. Battle of Brenville. Battle of the Standard. Richard 1. takes the Is- land of Cyprus. Reduction of Acre. Battle of Ascalon. Battle of Lincoln. Reduction of Bayonne. Battle of Dunbar. Battle of Falkirk. Stirling Castle sur- renders. Battle of Hallidowne Hill Battle of Auberoche. Reduction of Caen. Battle of Cressy. Reduction of Calais. Battle at Nevil’s Cross. French defeated under the walls of Calais. Battle of Poitiers. Battle of Auray. Action near Najara. Battle near Holmedon Hill. Battle of Shrewsbury. Battle of Herrings. St. Cloud taken. Reduction of Falaise. Battle of Agincourt. Reduction of Harfleur. Reduction of Tongue. Caen taken. Falaise Castle surrenders. Surrender of Rouen. Surrender of Sens. Montereau stormed. Montereau surrenders. Meaux surrenders. Surrender of Ivry. Battle of the Spurs. Battle of Flodden. Surrender of Boulogne. French defeated near Boulogne. Invasion of Sussex de- feated. Action near Boulogne. Battle of Musselburg. Attack on Bullonberg repulsed. 1557. 1558. 1563. 1586. 1589. 1597. 1600. 1602. 1643. 1644. 1645. 1650. 1651. 1658. 1671. 1690. 1692. 1695. 1696. 1702. 1703. 1704. 1705. >» 1706. Aug. 10. July 13. July 3. Jan. 1. Feb. 21. May 30. April 7. Sept. 25. July 2. Jan. 2. Jan. 7. Jan. 7. Oct. 23. Sept. 20. Oct. 27. June 14. Sept. 3. Sept. 3. June 14. June 26. Jan. 14. Jan. 17. May 13. July 1. July 14. Aug. 3. July 8. July 9. July 5. July 20. Sept. 23. Oct. 6. Oct. 12. April 28. Aug. 13. July 2. July 7. July 16. April 28. May 2. May 9. Sept. 5. Sept. 28. Mar. 23. May 23. July 6. Oct. 4. Aug. 25 . Battle of St. Quentin. Battle of Gravelines. Defence of Havre. St. Domingo stormed. Werle taken. Cascais surrenders. Capture of Porto Ca~ valhos. Surrender of Amiens. Spanish army defeated. Spanish invasion defeated Attack on Ostend re- pulsed. Reduction of Porto Bello. Battle of Edge Hill. Battle of Newbury. Battle of Newbury. Battle of Naseby. Battle of Dunbar. Battle of Worcester. Battle of Dunkirk. Dunkirk surrenders. Capture of Venta Cruz. Capture of Panama. Surrender of Acadia. Battle of the Boyne. Surrender of St. Chris- tophers. Battle of Steenkirk. Siege of Namur. Reduction of Casal. Landing at Howat. Reduct, of Gravenbrook. Venloo surrenders. Reduction of Ruremont. Reduction of Vigo. Assault of Bonn. Battle of Blenheim. Battle of Donawert. Reduction of Aicha. Attack upon Gibraltar repulsed. Valencia taken. Sortie from Gibraltar. Albuquerque surrendered Surrender of Dender- mond. Reduction of Barcelona Defence of Montjuich. Battle of Ramilies. Reduction of Ostend. Reduction of Ath. Menin surrenders. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. viii 1706. Sept. 7. Battle of Turin. 1708. June 30. Battle of Oudenarde. „ Sept. 28. n.s. Banle of Wvnendale. ,, Dec. 8. Reduction of Lisle. „ Dec. 30. Reduction of Ghent. 1709. Sept. 10. Surrender of Tournay. „ Battle of Malplaquet. „ Oct. 20. Surrender of Mons. 1710. July 16. Spanish army defeated. „ Aug. 28. Reduction of Bethune. „ Sept. 30. Reduction of Annapolis Royal. „ Oct. 29. Reduction of St. Venant. „ Nov. 8. Reduction of Aire. 1711. Feb. 10. Mahe surrenders. „ Sept. 14. Bouchain surrenders. 1715. Nov. 12. Battle of Preston. 1/19. Oct. ^1. j Reduction of Vigo. „ Oct. 14. Reduction of Ponte Vedra. „ Oct. 19. Reduction of Messina. 1741. Mar. 9. Landing at Carthagena. 1742. July 7. Action at Georgia. 1743. June 16. Battle of Dettingen. 1745. June 15. Reduction of Louisbourg. 1746. April 16. Battle at Culloden. June 17. Assault at Cuddalore. Oct. 1. Battle of Roucoux. 1748. Mar. 8. Reduction of St.Domingo 1751. Aug. 31. Reduction of Arcot. 1752. Feb. 28. Conjeveram surrenders. „ May 28. Action near Volcondah. July 8. Fort of Vellore surrend. Oct. 31. Capture of Covelong. 1753. Jan. 5. Mahrattas defeated near Trivadi. „ Sept. 21. Action of the Golden Rock. 1754. Aug. 16. Battle of the French Rock. 1755. April 2. Severndroog surrenders. „ April 9. Bancole surrenders. 1756. Feb. 13. Geriah surrenders. 1757. Jan. 2. Calcutta recaptured. „ Mar. 23. Reduction of Chanderna- gore. „ June 23. Battle of Plassev. 1758. June 5. Landing at St. Malo. „ June 8. Landing at Louisbourg. „ July 26. Reduction of Louisbourg. „ Aug. 7. Reduction of Cherbourg. „ Dec 10. French defeated near Condore. 1759. Feb. 13. Fort Louis stormed. ,, Mar. 4. Surat surrenders. „ April 7. Surrender of Musulapa- tam. „ April 16. Surrender of Conjeve- ram. ,, May 1. Surrender of Guadaloupe. „ July 4. Surrender of Fort Ticon- derago. „ Aug. 1. Battle of Minden. „ Sept. 13. Battle of Quebec. ,, Sept. 18. Surrender of Quebec. „ Nov. 24. Submission of Chensu- rah. „ Nov. 29. Surrender of Wande- wash. 1760. Jan. 7. Action at Eyback. „ Jan. 22. Battle of W'andewash. 1760. Feb. 4. Timery surrenders. „ Feb. 10. Arcot surrenders. „ Feb. 22. Action near Patria. „ Feb. 29. Surrender of Trinomalee: „ Mar. 5. Surrender of Permacoil. ., Mar. 12. Surrender of Alampar- vah. „ .April 4. Reduction of Villaporam. ,, April 5. Reduction of Carical. ,, May 20. Attack of Cuddalore. „ May 24. Nabob of Poorma de- feated. „ May 27. Indians routed near Ets- loey. „ July 16. Action near Emsdorf. „ July 31. Battle of Warbourg. „ Sept. 5. Capture of Zirenberg. ,, Sept. 8. Reduction of Montreal. 1761. Jan. 15. Reduction of Pondi- cherry. „ April 5. Fort of Gingee surren- ders. „ April 22. Invasion of Belleisle. „ May 13. Enemy repulsed at Belle- isle. „ June 6. Reduction of Dominica. „ June 7. Reduction of Belleisle. „ July 15 7 Action at Kirch Derc- andl6.J kern. 1762. Feb. 4. Surrender of Fort Royal. „ Feb. 16. Martinique surrenders. Mar. 5. Grenada surrenders. ., June 7. Landing at the Havan- nah. „ June 11. Reduction of the Ha- vannah. „ July 11. Surrender of Waldeck. ” andYs 3 ] Attack of St - John ’ s * „ Sept. 17. Recovery of Newfound- land. „ Oct. 5. Action at Villa Velha. 1763. July 14. Action at Cutwa. „ July 19. Army of Cassun Ali routed. „ Aug. 2. Battle of Gheriah. ,, Aug. 25. Action at Auda Nulla. Sept. 4. Enemy routed at Auda Nulla. ,, Oct. 11. Reduction of Mongheer. 1764. May 3. Sujah Dowla defeated. „ June 24. Battle of Graverstein. 1767. Sept. 3. Battle of Changama. ,, Sept. 26. Battle of Trinomalee. 1772. April 2. Capture of Ramnada- poram. 1773. Sept. 1. Reduction of Tanjore. 1775. April 19. Action at Concord. „ April 28. Action at Sabmattee. „ May 18. Battle of Arras. „ June 17. Battle of Bunker’s Hill. 1776. May 6. Siege of Quebec raised. „ Aug. 27. Battle at Long Island. „ Sept. 15. Capture of New York. „ Oct. 28. Battle of White Plains. ,, Nov. 16. Capture of Fort Wash- ington. „ Nov. 18. Passage of the North River. „ Deb. 9. Capture of Rhode Is- land. 1777. April 27. Action at Dunbury, AKMY. IX 1778. 1777. June 26, „ July 7. „ Sept. 11. „ Oct. 6. Dec. 7. May 4. May 7. May 25. Aug. 29. Oct. 14. Oct. 17. Dec. 14. Dec. 27. , May 1 . May 3. May 31. June 9. Feb. 15. May 11. May 29. June 6. Aug. 3. Aug. 16. Sept. 6. , Jan. 6. Jan. 21. Feb. 3. Feb. 5. Feb. 9. Mar. 15. April 25 . June 26. July 1. July 6. Aug. 23. Sept. 8. Sept. 22. Oct. 16. Oct. 21. Nov. 10. Nov. 12. Nov. 13. Nov. 27. Jan. 11. Jan. 13. Feb. 14. Mar. 9. April 2. April 18. June 2. June 13. July 4. 1779. 1780. 1781, 1782. 1783. 1784. May 6. 1789. May 20. 1790. Sept. 22. 1791. Mar. 21. ,, Mar. 28. Action near Quibble Town. Reduction of Hubberton. Battle at Brandywine. Assault of Forts Mont- gomery and Clinton. Action at Edge Hill. Action at the Crooked Billett. Action at Borden Town Americans defeated at Warren. Capture of Rhode Island. Expedition to Egg Har- bour. Reduction ofPondicherry. Reduction of St. Lucie. Reduction of Savanhali. Landing at Jersey re- pulsed. Action at Brier’s Creek. Attack of Stoney Point. Surrender of Sunbury. Ahmedabad stormed. Surrender of Charles- town. Action at Walsaw. Action at Elizabeth Town. Gwalior stormed. Battle of Camden. Battle of Perambaucum. Invasion of Jersey re- pulsed. Carrangooly stormed. Reduction of St. Eusta- tia. Surrender of St. Martin. B’Hore Pass forced. Battle of Guildford. Battle of Hobkirk. Americans repulsed near James River- Battle of Porto Novo, Cuddalore. American army routed near James Town* Trepassore stormed. Defeat of American army. Capture of Fort Paloor. Reduction of Sumatra. Mahadapatam taken. Reduction of Chittoor. Reduction of Negapatam. Battle of Hillsborough. Sortie from Gibraltar. Trincomalee taken. Surrender of Calicut. Ananpore stormed. Bednore taken. Fortress of Caroor taken. New Providence taken. Delaporam taken. Battle of Cuddalore. Attack upon Mangalore repulsed. French repulsed near Rousalier. Collungoody taken. Capture of Paulckaut- cherry. Bangalore stormed. Army of Tippoo defeated. 1791. 1792. 1793. 1794. 1795. 1796. 1797. 1798. 1799. May 15. July 30. Sept. 17. Oct. 19. Dec. 21. Dec. 24. Feb. 6. Feb. 7. April 15. May 8. July 28. Aug. 18. Aug. 23. Sept. 11. , Feb. 10. Feb. 11. Feb. 17. Mar. 23. April 4. April 21. April 24. April 26. April 30. May 9. May 22. June 1. June 4. Aug. 10. Jan. 5. Jan. 8. Aug. 7. Aug. 3. Sept. 16. Feb. 16. Feb. 16. Mar. 8. April 22. May 2. May 25. June 11. June 11. July 10. Feb. 24. Sept. 5. Nov. 14. Mar. 6. Mar. 27. April 5. May 1. May 4. May 11. July 12. July 27. Action at Arikera. Rayacotta surrenders. Raymaughur surrenders. Reduction of N undy Dur- gam. Reduction of Severn- droog. Reduction of Otradroog. Action near Seringapa- tam. Tippoo defeated at Se- ringapatam. Reduction of Tobago. Action near St. Amand. Valenciennes surrenders Battle of Lincelles. Surrender of Pondi- cherry. Surrender of Quesnoy. Fort Mortella, Corsica, surrendered. Pigeon Island, Marti- nique, surrendered. Convention Redoubt, taken. Reduction of Martinique. St. Lucie surrenders. Guadaloupe ditto. Action near Cambray. Action on the heights of Cateau. Surrender of Landrecy. Action near Tournay. Espierres stormed. Assault of Fort Bizzoton. Reduction of Port au Prince. Reduction of Calvi. Enemy defeated at Guel- der Malsen. Victory of Bueren. Dutch routed near My- zenberg, C. G. H. Fort Ostenburgh sur- renders. Reduction of Cape Good Hope. Reduction of Amboyna. Reduction of Ceylon. Reduction of Banda. Reduction of Demarara. Reduction of Berbice. Reduction of St. Lucie. Reduction of St. Vin- cent. Reduction of Grenada. Surrender of Porto Fer- rago. Invasion of Wales, de- feated. Invasion of Ireland, de- feated. Reduction of Minorca. Action at Seerdasseer. Battle of Malvelly. Fort Caroor surrenders. Assault of Acre repulsed. Seringpatam stormed. Fort Chittedroog sur- renders. Reduction of Fort St. Elmo. Surrender of Capua. X CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, 1799. 1800 1801. Aug. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Dec. Sept. Sept. . Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. April April June Aug. Aug. 21. 1803, Sept. Jan. Feb. Mar. 12 . June 22. 1804 , 1805, 1806. July Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec. Feb. Feb. April May May July Mar. Jan. Jan. 9. 1807. 1808. 1809. July Jan. Feb. Mar. July Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Jan. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. May May Reduction of Surinam. Reduction of the Helder. Action of Zuyper-Sluys. Battle of Bergen. Action at Lemmertown. Surrender of El Arisch. Reduction of Malta. Action at Conaghul. Landing in Egypt. Battle of Maadie. Battle of Alexandria. Reduction of St. Martin. Capture of Rosetta. Fort St. Julian sur- renders. Grand Cairo retaken. Sortie near Alexandria repulsed. Marabout Castle sur- renders Alexandria surrenders. Lumbalpore surrenders. Sasne taken. Fortress of Calchoura taken. Morne Fortunee car- ried. Tobago taken. Reduction of Ahmed- nuggar. Victory of Delhi. Battle of Assaye. Reduction of Aleghur. Capture of Cuttack. Reduction of Barrabu- tee. Reduction of Agra. Battle of Laswaree. Surrender of Gawlig- hur. Surrender of Gwalior. Action near Mankaiser. Expedition to Surinam. Fortress of Tonkram- poor taken. Submission of Holkar. Fort Hinglaishur storm- ed. Holkar routed. Dutch defeated at Blue Mountain, C. G. H. Surrender of Cape Good Hope. Battle of Maida. Capture of Monte Video. Monte Video stormed. Alexandria surrenders. Action near Montevideo. Surrender of Copenha. gen. Action at Obidos. Combat at Rorica. Battle of Vimeira. Reduction of Cayenne. Battle of Corunna. Landing at Martinique. Action at Timery. Storm of Arambuli. Fort Ajayerh surrenders. Action at Arambooly. Reduction of Martinique. Action at Grijon. Passage of the Douro. 1809. July 6. „ July 27. „ July 28. „ Oct. 3. „ Oct. 12. 1810. Jan. 3. „ Jan. 13. „ Feb. 5. „ Feb. 16. „ Mar. 19. ,, April 16. „ July 8. „ Sept. 27. „ Dec. 3. 1811. Mar. 5. „ Mar. 11. „ Mar. 12. ,, Mar. 14. „ Mar. 15. „ Mar. 25. „ April 3. „ April 7. „ April 15. „ May 3. „ May 5. „ May 10. „ May 16. Aug. 4. ,, Aug. 8. ,, Sept. 25. „ Oct. 28. ,, Dec. 31. 1812. Jan. 4. „ Jan. 8. ,^Jan. 14. „ Jan. 19. „ Mar. 19. „ Mar. 25. „ April 6. ,, April 11. „ April 25. „ May 29. ,, June 20. „ June 24. „ July 18. „ July 22. ,, July 23. „ July 24. ,, Aug. 14. „ Aug. 16. „ Aug. 13. „ Oct. 23. „ Oct. 26. „ Nov. 17. 1813. Jan. 22. of of St. Domingo surrenders. Action near Talavera. Battle of Talavera. Surrender of Zante. Surrender of Cerigo. Shenaz stormed. Convent of Santa Cruz carried. Surrender of Guada- loupe. Reduction of Amboyna. Action on the Agueda. Reduction of Santa Maura. Reduction of Isle Bourbon. Battle of Busaco. Reduction of Isle France. Battle of Barossa. Skirmish at Pombal. Action at Redenha. Action near Casal Nova. Combat at Fons d’- Aronce. Action near Campo Mayor. Action of Subugal. Cavalry attack at Valde Mula. Surrender of Olivenza, Combat of Fuentes d’- Onoro. Battle of Fuentes d’- Onoro. Sortie from Badajoz re- pulsed. Battle of Albuera. Reduction of Java. Surrender of Batavia. Combat of El Bodon. Action at Aroyo Molino. Siege of Tarifa. French repulsed at Ta- rifa. Redoubt of San Francisco carried. Convent ditto stormed. Capture of Ciudad Ro- drigo. Sortie from Badajoz. Assault of the Picurina. Assault of Badajoz. Action near Llerena. Reduction of Palern- berg. Fort Napoleon stormed. Djojocarta stormed. Marmont repasses the Tormes. Action near Castrejon. Battle of Salamanca. Action at La Serna. Skirmish at Ribera. The Retiro captured. Surrender of American Army. Skirmish at Monasterio. Affair at Muriel. Passage of the Carion. Combat of the Huebra. Action at Riviere du Raisin. ARMY. xi 1813. Jan. 29. Capture of Lagosta. „ Feb. 3. Reduction of Curzola. „ Feb. 15. Pietra Nera stormed. „ Feb. 20. Enemy repulsed at Be- jar. „ Feb. 26. Reduction of Ponza. ,, Mar. 6. Action at Alcoy. „ April 13. Action of Castalla. „ May 26. Action near Salamanca. „ June 2. Action at Morales. „ June 6. Action of Burlington Heights. „ June 7. Fort St. Felippe sur- renders. „ June 12. Action at Hormillas. ,, June 18. Action near St. Millan. „ June 21. Battle of Vittoria. „ June 25. Attack of Hampton. „ June 25. Action near Tolosa. „ June 28. Reduction of Sambas. „ July 12. Capture of Ocracoke. „ July 17. Convent of St. Bartho- lomew stormed. „ July 25. Battle of Roncesvalles. ,, July 25. Battle of Maya. „ July 27. Action at Saurozen. „ July 28. Battle of Saurozen. „ July 30. Ditto ditto. ,, July 30. Combat of Buenza. „ July 31. Combat of Donna Maria. „ Aug. 2. Combat of Ecliellar and Ivantelly. „ Aug. 31. Combat of Vera. „ Aug. 31. Assault of St. Sebastian. „ Sept. 9. Surrender ofSt. Sebastian. „ Oct. 7. Passage of the Bidassoa. „ Oct. 8. Combat of Vera. „ Nov. 12. Passage of the Nivelle. „ Dec. 9. Passage of the Nive. ” Jg’} Actions of the Nive. „ Dec. 13. Battle of St Pierre. „ Dec. 19. Reduction of Fort Nia- gara. 1814. Jan. 6. French defeated at La Coste and La Bastide. „ Jan. 6. French defeated at Me- rexem. „ Feb. 14. Action at Hellette. „ Feb. 15. Combat at Garris. „ Feb. 17. Action at Arreveriete. „ Feb. 23. Passage of the Adour. „ Feb. 24. Passage of Gave d’Oleron „ Feb. 26. Ditto ditto. „ Feb. 27. Battle of Orthes. „ Mar. 2. Combat of Aire. „ Mar. 19. Action of Vic Bigorre. ,, Mar. 20. Combat at Tarbes. „ Mar. 22. Cavalry defeated at St. Gaudens. „ Mar. 30, Action at La Colle Mill. „ Mar. 31. Battle at Romainville. „ April 5. Action at Etauliers. „ April 8. Action at Croix d’Orade. „ April 10. Battle of Toulouse. „ April 12. Wellington enters Ma- drid. „ April 14. Sortie from Bayonne, „ May 6. Fort Oswego stormed. „ July 11. Reduction of Moose Is- land. „ Aug. 24. Battle of Bladensburg 1814. 1818. Sept. 12. „ Dec. 1. „ Dec. 23. 1815. Jan. 1. „ Feb. 11. ,, June 16. „ June 18. „ June 24. 1816. Feb. 28. „ Mar. 1. 1817. Nov. 5. „ Nov. 26. ,, Dec 16. „ Dec. 21. Jan. 3. Jan. 17. Jan. 29. Feb. 8. Feb. 15. Feb. 15. Feb. 18. Mar. 2. Mar. 11. Mar. 16. Mar. 24. April 25. May 10. May 10. May 20. , Jan. 21. Jan. 31. , May 21. May 28. Dec. 4. Dec. 15. 1819. 1824. 1825. Dec. 2. 1835. Feb. 12. 1839. 1840. 1841 Jan. 19. July 23. Nov. 13. July 5. July 5. Oct. 10. Nov. 2. , Jan. 3. Jan. 7. Feb. 20. Feb. 26. May 24. May 27. June 10. . Mar. 11. Mar. 11. April 5. April 12. Aug. 24. Sept. 5. Sep, 11. Dec. 17. Battle of Baltimore. Capture of Prome. Defeat of American Army. Defence of Corigaum. Fort Bowyer surrenders. Battle of Quatre Bras. Battle of Waterloo. Cambray taken by esca- lade. Action near Muckwarn- pore. Action at Hurriapore. Battle of Kirkee. Battle of Sectabaldee. Battle of Nagpore. Battle of Mahedpore. Action at Sereenuggar. Action near Malasunky. Storm of Juwud. Surrender of Pallee. Houraporra taken. Boorah taken. Badaumy taken. Singhur Fort surren- dered. Fort of Russaulghur sur- rendered. Seedeghur taken. Dhamonie surrendered. Fort Trimbuck surren- dered. Mahratta army defeated. Shalapore surrendered. Capture of Chunda. Action at Omeerkan. Fort Nowah stormed. Ashantees defeated. Burmese routed near Rangoon. Burmese defeated. Burmese Stockades stormed. Heights of Napadee stormed. Caffres routed at Fish River. Reduction of Sidon. Ghuznee stormed. Bokhera stormed. Attack upon Aden re- pulsed. Reduction of Chusan. Reduction of Beyrout. Defeat of Affghans. Action at Lundie Nowah. Capture of Chuenpee. Fort Napanee taken. Capture of Wantong. Attack of Canton. Reduction of Canton. Fort Badamee surren- ders. Sortie from Jellalabad. Assault of Jellalabad. Khyder Pass forced. Action near Candahar. Affghans defeated. Reduction of Ghuznee. Capture of Cabul. Triumphant return from Cabul. xii CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE. 1843. Feb. 17. Battle of Meeanee. „ Dec. 29. Battle of Maharajpore. „ Dec. 29. Battle of Punniar. 1845. Dec. 18. Battle of Moodkee. „ Dec. 22. Battle of Ferozeshah. 1846. Jan. 28. Battle of Aliwal. „ Feb. 10. Battle of Sobraon. 1849. Jan. 13. Battle of Chillianwallah. 1849. Feb. 21. 1854. Sept. 14. „ Sept. 20. ,, Oct. 25. „ Oct. 26. „ Not. 5. £abii. 1217. Aug. 24. Eustace the Monk de- feated near Calais. 1340. June 24. Battle of Sluvs. 1350. Aug. 29. Spaniards defeated near Winchelsea, by Edwd. III. 1387. Mar. 24. Flemish fleet defeated near Sluys. 1416. Aug. 15. Duke of Bedford defeats French fleet near Bar- fleur. 1512. Aug. 10. Sir Edward Howard, de- feated the French fleet near Brest. 1513. July 1. Sir Thomas Howard, de- feats the French fleer. 1545. July 18. French defeated near the Isle of Wight. 1588. July 20-28. Destruction of Spanish Armada. 1594. Nov. 1. Reduction of Brest, by Sir Martin Frobisher. 1596. June 21. Cadiz taken and the for- tifications destroyed. 1601. Feb. 12. First Expedition of the East India Company sailed. 1652. May 18. Blake attacked Tromp in the Downs. „ Aug. 1,2. Bodley engages Cornelius Tromp, in Mediterra- nean. „ Aug. 16. Ayscue engages De Ruyter. „ Sept. 27. Blake engages De Witte. „ Nov. 26. Action of Commodore Appleton, and Van Galen, near Leghorn. ,, Nov. 29. Action of Blake and Tromp, off the Good- win. 1653. Feb. 18, 7 Blake, after three days’ 19, 20. J engagement, defeats the Dutch fleet under Tromp, off Portland. „ June 2, 3. Tromp defeated in the North Sea, by Monk. Gen. Deane killed. „ July 29. 7 Dutch fleet defeated by and 31. i Monk. Tromp killed. 1657. April 20. 1665. June 3. 1666. June 1,7 2, 3,4. j „ July 25. „ Aug. 9. 1672. May 28. 1673. May 28. „ June 1 7 and 4. 3 1690. Juue 30. 1692. May 18. „ May 21 . May 23. 1693. Nov. 17/ and 18.. 1695. Jan. 27. 1702. Aug. 20. Battle of Goojerat. Expedition lands in the Crimea. Battle of the Alma. Action at Balaklava. Sortie from Sebastopol repulsed. Battle of Inkermann. Blake destroys Spanish galleons, in Santa Cruz. Dutch fleet under Op- dam, defeated by Duke of York. I English under Earl of Albemarle defeat the Dutch under De Ruy- ter near the Goodwin. Dutch defeated off the Foreland by Prince Rupert and Monk. Sir R. Holmes takes the Island of Schelling and destroys 160 ships. English and French fleets under Duke of York and Count d’Es- trees defeat the Dutch under De Ruyter off the Gunfleet. Dutch defeated by Sir Edward Spragge. Again defeated. Action off Beachy Head between English and Dutch under Earl of Torrington and French under Comte de Tour- ville. Battle off La Hogue. Adm. Russell, with English and Dutch fleets, defeats the Fr. under De Tourville. Vice-Adm. Delaval de- stroys ships in Cher- bourg. Vice-Adm. Rooke burnt French fleet in har- bour of La Hogue. ) Benbow bombards St. \ Malo. Content, 60, captured by Commod. Killegrew. Vice-Adm. Benbow en- gages French squad- ron under Rear- Adm. Du Casse. NAVY. xiii 1702. Aug. 24. The action renewed, and Benbow mortally wounded. „ Oct. 12. Sir George Hooke burns French and Spanish shipping in Vigo, and sacks the town. 1703. July 25. Boats of a squadron un- der Rear-Adm. Dilkes destroys 40 sail near Granville. Nov. 16. Hazardous, 50, captured by fleet of Sir C. Sho- vel. 1704. June 24. Gibraltar bombarded ; surrenders to English and Dutch fleet, under Sir Geo. Rooke. „ Aug. 13. Battle off Malaga. En- glish and Dutch fleets under Sir Geo. Rooke, and French fleet under Gomte De Tholouse. „ Oct. 25. Sir John Leake relieves Gibraltar, and destroys 7 French ships. 1705. Mar. 10. Vice-Admiral Sir John Leake captures and destroys 5 ships-of- war, near Gibraltar. 1710. Feb. 10. French 60-gun ship cap- tured off Cape Clear, by Salisbury, 50, and St. Alban’s, 50. „ July 29. Superb, 56, taken in the Channel, by Kent, 70. 1718. July 31. Spanish fleet under Adm. Castaneta, defeated off Syracuse, by Adm. Sir G. Byng ; 15 ships captured, 4 burnt. 1739. Aug. 21. Porto Bello taken by fleet under Vice-Adm“. Vernon. 1740. April 13. Princeza, 74, captured off Cape Finisterre,by 70-gun ships Lennox, Orford, and Kent. 1741. Mar. 9. Adm. Vernon attacks Carthagena. 1744. Jan. 29. Rosario, 12, taken by Fly, 8. „ Feb. 11. Adm. Matthews engages French and Spanish fleets off Toulon. 1745. July 9. Lion, 54, beats off Eliza- beth, 64, after a con- test of 5 hours. 1746. Feb. 9. Auguste, 50, taken by Portland, 50. „ Oct. 11. Mars, 64, taken by Not- tingham, 60. 1747. May 3. Vice-Adm. Anson de- feats Com. La Jon- quiere, and captures 4 ships. „ Oct. 14. Rear-Adm. Hawke de- feats Com. Letendeur", and captures 5 ships. 1748. Jan. 31. Magnanime, 74, taken by Nottingham, 60, and Portland, 50. 1748. Mar. 8. 1755. June 6. „ Nov. 14. 1757. May 13. „ Sept. 12. „ Nov. 2. 1758. Jan. 8. 99 Feb. 28. » April 29. 99 May 29. „ June 7. July 26. 99 Aug 15. 99 Nov. 2. 1759. Feb. 21. „ Mar. 27. 99 Mar. 28. 99 April 4. 99 May 1 8. 99 Aug. 18.' and 19.. „ Sept. 10. ” Nov. 21. 1760. Feb. 28. »> Oct. 17. 1761. Jan. 4. >> Jan. 8. „ Jan. 23. >* Jan. 24. » Jan. 30. Port St. Louis, Cuba, destroyed by Rear- Ad. Knowles. Alcide and Lys, of 64 guns, taken by Vice- Adm. Boscawen. Esperance, 74, taken by Adm. Byng, in the Channel. Aquilon, 50, driven on shore in Audiernebay, by Antelope, 50. Emerande, 26, taken by Southampton, 32. Hermione, 28, taken by Unicorn, 32. Vengeance, 32, taken by Hussar, 28. Orphee, 64, taken by Re- venge, 64, and Fou- droyant, 84, by Mon- mouth, 64. Vice-Adm. Pocock en- gages Comte d’Ache, in East Indies. Raisonnable, 64, taken by Dorsetshire, 74, and consorts. St. Malo reduced by Ld. Anson. Reduction of Louisbourg by Vice- Ad. Boscawen. Cherbourg demolished by Com. Howe. Belliqueux, 64, taken by Antelope, 50. Bellone, 32, taken by Vestal, 32. Due de Chartres, 60, taken by Windsor, 60. Dana£, 40, taken by Me- lampe, 36, and South- ampton, 32. Comte de Florentin, 60, captured by Achilles, 60. Arethuse, 32, taken by a squadron. 7 Vice-Admiral Boscawen 5 defeats De la Clue, in Lagos Bay. Vice-Adm. Pocock en- gages Comte d’Ache. Adm. Hawke defeats French fleet under De Conflans. Blonde and Terpsichore, French frigates, taken by iEolus and consorts. Sirenne, 32, and consorts, captured by Boreas, 28, and consorts. Bien Aimee, 20, taken by Trent, 28. Unicorn, 32, captures Vestale, 32. Warwick, 60, en fidte, taken by Minerva, 32. Felicite taken by Rich- mond, 32. Brune, 36, taken by Ve- nus, 36, and Juno, 32. XIV CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 1762. 1761. Mar. 13. „ April 1. „ June 5. „ June 7. „ July 17. „ Aug. 14. Mar. 14. May 21. Aug. 14. Oct. 5. June 12. July 27. Nov. 3. Jan. 31. „ June 2. „ July 6. „ Sept. 14. „ Oct. 6. „ Oct. 24. „ Nov. 11. „ Dec. 12. „ „ 20 . 1780. Jan. 1. 1778. 1779. Jan. 17. Entreprenante, 44, en Jlute, taken by Ven- geance, 26. Oriflamme, 50, taken by Isis, 50. St. Anne, 64, captured by Rear-Adm. Holmes. , Belleisle surrenders to Adm. Keppel and Gen. Hodgson. , Achille, 64, and Bouffon, 32. captured by Thun- derer, 74, and consorts. Courageux, 74, captured by Bellona, 74 : two frigates, consorts of the enemy, beat off by Bril- liant. Ventura, 26, taken by Fowey, 24. Hermione, treasure-ship, taken by Active, 28, and Favorite, 18. Havannah surrenders to the fleet and forces under Adm. Pocock and the Earl of Albe- marle. Manilla surrenders to the united forces under Vice-Admiral Cornish and Gen. Draper. Arethusa, 32, engaged Belle Poule, 40, near Ushant. Engagement of Adm Kep- pel and Comte d’Or- villiers, near Ushant. Lion, 40, taken oy Maid- stone, 28. Oiseau, 26, captured by Apollo, 32. Prudente, 36, taken by Ruby, 64. Vice-Admiral Byron en- gages the French fleet under Comte d’Es- taing. Santa Monica, 28, cap- tured by Pearl, 32. Quebec, 32, after a close engagement with Fr. 40-gun frigate Surveil- lante, took fire, and was destroyed. Alcmene, 40, captured by squadron. Santa Margaritta, 38, taken by Tartar, 28. San Carlos, 50, taken by Salisbury, 50. Fortunee, 40, and Blanche, 36, taken by squadron of Rear- Adm. Parker. Adm. Rodney captured Spanish squadron be- longing to the Carracas Company. Adm. Rodney attacked a Spanish fleet under Adm. Langara, and 1781, 1780. Jan. 16. „ June 15. „ July 1. „ July 4. „ July 14. „ Aug. 10. „ Aug. 13. „ Sept. 30. „ Dec. 30. . Jan. 4. Jan. 5. Feb. 3. Feb. 25. April 16. May 14. May 30. Aug. 5. Sept. 2. Sept. 5. „ Dec. 12. 1782. Jan. 26. Feb. 17. takes six ships of the line. Engagement between English fleet under Rodney and French under De Guichen. Apollo, 32, takes Stanis- laus, 32. Artois, 40, captured by Romney, 50. Capricieuse, 32, taken by Prudente, 36, and Li- corne, 32. Nonsuch, 64, captures Belle Poule, 32. Nymphe, 36, taken by Flora, 36. Compte d Artois, 64, captured by Bienfai- sant, 64, and’ consorts. Pearl, 32, captures Esp£- rance, 28. Senegal, 18, taken by Ze- phyr, 14. Princess Caroline, 54, captured by Bel Iona, 74 . Minerva, 32, taken by Courageux and Va- liant, 74. Rotterdam, 50, taken by Warwick, 50. Island of St. Eustatia surrenders to Adm. Rodney. Grana, 28, taken by Cer- berus, 32. . French squadron re- pulsed by Commodore Johnstone in Porto Praya Bay, St. Jago. Nonsuch. 64, engages Actif, French 74. Flora, 36, and Crescent, 28, engage two Dutch frigates, and capture one, the Brill, 36. Rear-Adm. Sir H. Par- ker engaged the Dutch squadron under Rear- Adm. Zoutman off the Doggerbank. Magicienne, 32, taken by Chatham, 50. Action of the Chesa- peake, between the fleets of Sir Samuel Hood and Comte de Grasse. Rear-Adm. Kempenfelt engages French fleet of superior force un- der De Guichen, near Ushant. Action off St. Kitts, be- tween the fleets of Sir Samuel Hood and De Grasse ; the latter thrice repulsed. Vice- Adm. Hughes, near Madras, engages Fr. squadron under De Suffrein. NAVY. xv 17&2. Mar. 16. Santa Catalina, 34, taken by Success, 32. „ April 9. Admiral Rodney attacks French fleet under De Grasse, near Dominica. April 12. Vice- Adm. Hughes en- gages De Suffrein off Trincomalee. „ April 12. Rodney defeats De Grasse near Marti- nique, and takes five ships of the line. „ April 19. Caton, 64, Jason, 64, Ai- mable, 32, captured by Sir S. Hood. „ April 20. Pegase, 74, captured by Foudroyant, 84. „ April 23. Actionnaire, 64, en flute , taken by Queen, 98. „ July 6. Vice-Adm. Hughes en- gages De Suffrein near Negapatam. „ July 29. Amazone, 36, captured by Santa Margaritta, 36. „ Aug. 20. Royal George, 100, sunk at Spithead. „ Sept. 1. Aigle, 22, taken by Due de Chartres, 18. „ Sept. 3. Vice-Adm. Hughes again engages the squadron of De Suffrein off Trin- comalee. „ Sept. 4. Hebe, 40, taken by Rain- bow, 44. „ Sept. 13. Bombardment of Gibral- tar defeated. „ Sept. 15. Aigle, 40, captured by squadron in the De- laware. „ Sept. 18. Scipion, 74, destroyed by London, 90, and con- sorts. „ Sept. 18. Gibraltar relieved by fleet under Lord Howe. „ Dec. 12. Mediator, 44, attacked - 5 French armed ships, and captured Mena- gdre, 30, and Alex- ander, 24. 1783. Jan. 6. Sibylle, 36, captured by Hussar, 28. „ June 20. Vice-Adm. Hughes en- gages De Suffrein off Pondicherry. 1791. Nov. 20. Resolue, 32, captured by Phoenix, 36, at Man- galore. 1793. Mar. 13. Scourge, 16, captures Sans Culotte, 12, off Scilly. „ May 13. Iris, 32, engages Ci- toyenne Francaise, 32. „ May 27. Venus, 32, beat off Se- millante, 36. „ June 17. Nymphe, 36, captures Cleopatre, 36, off the Start. „ July 31. Boston, 32, engaged Em- buscade, 36, off New York. „ Oct. 20. Crescent, 36, captured Reunion, 36, off Bar- fleur. 1793. Oct. 22. Agamemnon, 64, en- gages 5 French fri- gates off Sardinia. „ Oct. 24. Thames, 32, beat off Uranie, 36, in the Bay. „ Nov. 25. Inconstante, 36, taken by Iphigenia, 32, and Penelope, 32, St. Do- mingo. „ Dec. 1. Antelope packet captures Atalante, 8. 1794. Mar. 22. Reduction of Martinique. „ April 4. Reduction of St. Lucie. „ April 23. Pomone, 44, Engageante, 36, and Babet, 20, cap- tured near Guernsey by 5 frigates under Commodore Warren. „ May 5. Orpheus, 32, captures Duguay-Trouin, 34, in East Indies. ,, May 29. Carysfort, 28, „ May 29. Lord Howe engages French fleet under Adm. Villaret, in the Bay. „ June 1. Lord Howe defeats the same armament ; 6 sail of the line taken and one sunk. „ June 17- Romney, 50, captures Sibylle, 40, in Miconi. „ July 4. Reduction of Guadaloupe „ Aug. 23. Volontaire, 36, driven on shore on Penmarcks ,. by Commod. Warren. „ Oct. 21. Revolutionnaire, — 40, taken by Artois, — 38* and consorts. ,, Nov. 6. Alexander, 74, taken by French squadron under Rear-Adm. Nielly. 1795. Jan. 5. Blanche, 32, captures Pique, 36, off Gua- daloupe. „ Mar. 13. Lively, 32, captures Tourterelle, 28, near Ushant. „ Mar. 7. Berwick, 74, taken by French fleet near Leg- horn. „ Mar. 13. Adm. Hotham engages French fleet under Adm. Martin, near Toulon. „ Mar. 14. The action renewed; Ca Ira, 74, and Cen- seur, 74, captured. „ April 10. Gloire, 36, taken by Astrea, 32 ; Gentille, 36, taken by Hanibal, 74. „ May 17. Raison and Prevoyante storeships taken by Hussar, 28, and Thetis, 38. „ May 25. Courrier National, 18 captured by Thorn, 16 ,, June 24. Minerve, 40, taken by Lowestoffe and Dido, 28, near Toulon. „ June 17. Vice-Adm. Cornwallis, xvi CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. with 5 ships of the line, 2 frigates and a brig, effected a mas- terly retreat from Vice-Admiral Vence, with 12 ships of the line and 11 frigates, near L’Orient. 1795. June 23. Adm. Lord Bridport, with 17 ships of the line, attacked the French fleet of Vice- Adm. Vence near Isle of Groix, and cap- tured 3 ships of 74 guns. July 13. Adm. Hotham, with 23 sail of the line, en- gaged the French fleet of 17 ships of the line under Adm. Martin, near Hyeres, and cap- tured one ship of 74 guns. „ Aug. 18. Trincomalee surrenders. „ Aug. 22. Alliance, 36, taken by Stag, 32. , Aug. 27. Fort Ottenburg taken. ,, Sept. 29. Southampton, 32, en- gages Vestale, 28. „ Sept. . Cape Good Hope sur- renders to Vice-Adm. Elphinstone and Gen. A. Clarke. 1796. Feb. 17. Amboyna surrenders to Rear- Adm. Rainier. „ Mar. 8. Banda, ditto. Mar. 10. Bonne Citoyenne, 24, captured in the Bay by Phaeton, 38. „ Mar. 18. Etourdie, 18, and convoy destroyed at Herqui by Diamond, 38, and consorts. „ Mar. 13. Unite, 36, taken by Re- volutionnaire, 33, in the Channel. „ Mar. 20. Virginie, 40, taken by Indefatigable, 44, in the Channel. „ May 4. Volcan, 12, taken by Spencer, 16. „ May 12. Argo, 36, taken by Phoe- nix, 36, and consorts. „ May 27. Revanche, 12, taken by Suffisante, 14. „ June 8. Tamise, 36, and Tri- bune, 36, captured by Santa Margaritta, 36, and Unicorn, 32. „ June 9. Utile, 24, captured by Southampton, 32, in Hyeres roads. June 13. Proserpine, 36, taken by Dryad, 36, off Cape Clear. „ July 15. Glatton, 50, on coast of Flanders, defeats a squadron of 4 French frigates and 2 corvettes „ June 22. Aimable, 32, engages French 36-gun frigate Pensfce off Guadaloupe, 1796. Aug. 8. „ Aug. 17. „ Aug. 23. „ Aug. 28. „ Sept. 23. „ Oct. 13. „ Dec. 13. „* Dec. 19. „ Dec. 24. 1797. Jan. 13. „ Jan. 31. „ Feb. 14. „ Feb. 17, „ Feb. 22. „ Mar. 1. „ Mar. 13. „ April 26. „ May 29. Mermaid, 32, engages Vengeance, 36, off Guadaloupe. Dutch squadron under Rear-Adm. Lucas sur- renders to Vice-Adm. K. Elphinstone, Cape Good Hope. Andromaque, 36, driven on shore near Arcas- son, by squadron of Sir J. B. Warren. Elizabeth, 36, taken by squadron under Adm. Murray, off the Chesa- peake. Pelican, 18, engages Medee, 36, off Gua- daloupe. Mahonesa, 32, taken by Terpsichore, 32, off Carthagena. Vestale, 36, taken by Terpsichore, 32, off Cadiz. Minerve, 40, Commodore Nelson, near Gibraltar, captured Spanish 34- gun frigate Sabina. Polyphemus, 64, captures French 50-gun ship Justine, en flute, and on 31st, Tortue, 40. Indefatigable, 44, and Amazon, 36, attacked French 74, Droits de P Homme, which ship after a severe action was wrecked in Audi- erne Bay, on the 14th. Andromache, 32, engages an Algerine of equal force off Tangiers. , Adm. Jervis, with 15 sail of the line, defeats Spanish fleet of 26 of the line, under Adm. Cordova, near Cape St. Vincent, and captures two of 112, one of 80, and one of 74 guns. , Island of Trinidad sur- renders to Rear-Adm. Harvey, and Lieut.- Gen. Abercromby. , Resistance, 40, and Con- stance, 22, captured near Brest, by San Fiorenza, 38, * and Nymphe, 36. Terpsichore, 32, engages Santissima Trinidada, 130, off Cadiz. Viper, 14, captures Vir- gin Mary, 10. , St. Elena and Ninfa, 34, captured by Irresisti- ble, 74, and Emerald, 36, in Conil Bay. Mutine, 14, cut out of Santa Cruz, by boats of Minerve, under Lieut. T. M. Hardy. NAVY. xv 11 1797. July 3. Gun-boats from fleet in Cadiz, under Commo- dore Tyrason, defeated by British boats, under Rear-Admiral Nelson, who captured the Spanish Commodore. „ July 16. Calliope, 26, driven on shore on Audierne Bay, by Commodore Sir J. B. Warren. „ July 20. Isle of Ten eriffe attacked by Rear-Adm. Nelson, with squadron of 3 sail of the line, 1 of 50 guns .and 3 frigates. „ Aug. 10. Gaiete, 20, taken in the Channel by Arethusa, 38. „ Aug. 21. Oiseau, 18, and Express, 14, captured near Scilly, by Penguin, 16. „ Oct. 11. Battle of Camperdown. Adm. Duncan, with 7 ships of 74 guns, 7 of 64, and 2 of 50, defeated Dutch fleet under Vice-Adm. De Winter, and captured 2 of 74 guns, 5 of 64, 1 of 50, and 2 frigates, out of a fleet consisting of 4 of 74 guns, 7 of 64, and 4 of 50 guns, 4 frigates, and 6 sloops. „ Oct. 25. Hyaena, 20, taken off Ten eriffe, by Indefati- gable, 44. „ Dec. 20. Nereide, 36, taken by Phoebe, 36, westward of Ushant. „ Dec. 29. Daphne, 20, captured by Anson, 44. 1798. Jan. 5. Cherie, 26, taken by Po- mone, 40, off Ushant. „ Jan. 8. Betsey, 18, taken by Kingfisher, 18, near Lisbon. „ Jan. 23. Volage, 22, takenbyMe- lampus, 36. ,, Feb. 25. Cobourg, 12, captures Revanche, 16. „ April 17. Recovery, 10, captures Revanche, 10, in West Indies. „ April 21. Hercule, 74, taken by Mars, 74, near Brest. „ May 13. Mondovi, 18, cut out of Cerigo, by boats of Flora, 36. „ May 31. Confiante, 36, destroyed near Havre, by squad- ron. „ June 22. Princess Royal, 6, cap- tures Aventurier, 16. „ June 26. Sensible, 36, taken by Seahorse, 38, near Sicily. „ June 29. Seine, 40, captured in the Bay, by Jason, Pique, and Mermaid frigates. 1798. July 15. Aug. 1. Aug. 4. Aug. 7. Aug. 18. Aug. 22. Oct. 12. „ Oct. 14. „ Oct. 18. „ Oct. 20. „ Oct. 24. „ Dec. 5. „ Dec. 7. 1799. Feb. 6. „ Feb. 9. „ Feb. 22. „ Mar. 1. „ Mar. 15. Lion, 64, engages 4 Spanish frigates near Carthagena, and cap- tures the St. Dorotea, 34. Battle of the Nile, Rear- Adm. Nelson, defeats French fleet, consisting of 1 of 120, 3 of 80, and 9 of 74 guns, under Adm. Brueys,in Abou- kir Bay ; and cap- tures 2 of 80, and 8 of 74 guns. The Orient, 120, blew up in the Action. Aventurier, 14, cutout of Coregion, by boats of Melpomene, 38, and Childers, 14. Vaillante, 20, taken by Indefatigable, 44. Espoir, 14, engages Li- guria, 26. Leander, 50, captured near the Island of Candia, by French 74- gun ship Genereux, after a gallant defence of 5 hours. Decade, 36, taken by Naiad and Magnanime, near Cape Finisterre. Flore, 32, taken by Phaeton and Anson, frigates. Commodore Bompart, with one ship of 74 guns and 8 frigates, defeated by squadron under Commodore Sir J. B.Warren, on Coast of Ireland. Four fri- gates escaped ; but on Resolue, 36, was cap- tured by Melampus, 36. Loire, 44, by Anson, 44 ; and on Immortalite,44, captured by Fisgard, 38. Furie,36, andWaakzaam- heid, 24, taken off the Texel by Sirius, 36. Ambuscade, 32, was cap- tured in the Bay, by French 28-gun ship Baionnaise. Armee d’ltalie, 18, taken by Perdriz, 22, in West Indies. Santa Teresa, 34, taken by Leviathan, 74, near Majorca. Prudente, 36, taken by Dmdalus, 32, Cape of Good Hope. Espoir, 14, captures Africa, 14, off* Malaga. Forte, 44, taken by Si- bylle, 38, near Madras. Siege of Acre. This fortress, defended by CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. xviii Capt. Sir S. Smith, re- pulsed every attack by Bonaparte, who raised the siege on 20th May. 1799. Mar. 18. Hirondelle, 16, taken by Telegraph, 16. „ April 9. San Fiorenzo and Ame- lia, 36, engaged Cor- nelie and Vengeance, 40, and Semillante,36, near Belleisle. „ June 9. Boats of Success, 32, capture a polacre of 10 guns, at La Selva. „ Aug. 3. Dutch squadron of Adm. Storey, in the Texel, surrenders to Admiral Mitchell. „ Aug. 20. Clyde, 38, captures Ves- tale, 36, off Bordeaux. „ Aug. 25. Tamar, 38, captures Re- publican, 28. „ Sept. 9. Arrow, 24, and Wolve- rine, 13, capture Draak, 24, and Gier, 14, in the Texel. „ Oct. 16. Thetis and Santa Bri- gida, 34, laden with treasure, captured by Naiad, 38, Ethalion, 38, Triton, 32, and Alcmdne, 32. „ Oct. 25. Hermione, 32, cut out of Puerto Cabello, by boats of Surprise, 32, led by Capt. Edward Hamilton. „ Nov. 23. Courier, 12, captures Guerrier, 14. „ Dec. 11. Preneuse, 40, destroyed near Port Louis, Isle of France, by boats of Adamant, 50. „ Dec. 26. Viper, 14, captures Fu- ret, 14, near the Dod- man. 1800. Feb. 5. Pallas, 40, taken near Cape Frehel,by Loire, 38, and consorts. „ Feb. 18. Genereux, 74, taken off Malta, by squadron un- der Lord Keith. „ Mar. 3. Vengeance, 18, taken by Nereide, 36, off the Penmarcks. „ Mar. 21. Ligurienne, 16, taken by Peterel, 16, near Mar- seilles. „ Mar. 31. Guillaume Tell, 84, taken near Malta, by Fou- droyant, 80, Lion, 64, and Penelope, 36. „ May 20. Prima, galley, cut out of Leghorn by 10 boats of Minotaur, and con- sorts. „ July 6. Desiree, 40, boarded and carried in Dunkirk Roads, by Dart, 30, Capt. Pat. Campbell. „ July 25. Danish 40-gun frigate Freija captured by Ne- mesis, 28. 1800. July 26. CerbSre, 9, cut out of Port Louis, by boats of Viper, 10, under Lieut. Coghlan. „ Aug. 20. Vengeance, 40, taken by Seine, 38, near Mar- tinique. „ Aug. 24. Diane, 40, taken by Suc- cess, 32, near Malta. „ Aug. 29. Guepe, 18, cut out of Vigo by boats of Re- nown, and squadron under Lieut. H. Burke. „ Sept. 3. Esmeralda and Paz, 22, cut out of Barcelona Roads, by boats of Minotaur, and con- sorts. „ Sept. 5. Malta capitulated to Capt. G. Martin and Gen. Pigott. „ Oct. 28. San Josef, 14, cut out from fortress of Fuen- girola, near Malaga, by boats of Phaeton, 38. „ Nov. 13. Milbrook, 16, beat off Bellone, 30, off Oporto. „ Nov. 17. Reolaise, 20, destroyed in Port Navalo by squadron. 1801. Jan. 3. Senegal, 18, taken by boats of Melpomene, 38, in Senegal River. „ Jan. 28. Dedaigneuse, 36, taken by Oiseau, 36, off Cape Finisterre. „ Feb. 19. Phoebe, 36, captures Africaine, 40, near Gibraltar. „ Mar. 8. The army under Gen. Abercromby effected a landing in Aboukir Bay from a fleet under Adm. Lord Keith. „ April 2. Battle of Copenhagen. Vice- Ad. Lord Nelson with 10 sail of the line, 2 of 50 guns, 5 frigates, 2 sloops, and 7 bombs, attacked the Danish line of defence. After a bombardment from lOh. a. m. until 3h. p.m., hostilities ceased. „ May 6. Gamo, 32, boarded and carried by Speedy, 14, near Barcelona. „ July 6. Rear-Adm. Saumarez, with 6 ships of the line, attacked Rear- Adm. Dumanoir, with 3 sail of the line and a frigate, moored under the batteries of Alge- siras. The Hannibal took the ground, and was captured. „ July 12. Adm. Saumarez attacked the combined French and Spanish squadron of 9 sail of the line, in the Gut of Gibraltar. 2 ships of 112-guns NAVY. xix blew up, and the St. Antoine, 74, was cap- tured. 1S01 - July 22. Chevrette, 20, cut out from under the batte- ries of Camaret, by 9 boats, under Lieut. Keith Maxwell. „ July 31. Sylph, 18, engages Ar- temese, 36. „ Aug. 3. Carr&re, 38, taken near Elba, by Pomone, 38, and consorts. „ Aug. 15. Boulogne flotilla attack- ed by a force under Vice-Adm. Lord Nel- son. „ Aug. 19. Chiffonne, 36, taken by Sybille, 38, near the Seychelle Islands. „ Aug. 20. Neptuno, 20, cut out of Corunna, by boats of Fisgard, and consorts. „ Sept. 2. Bravoure and Succes driven on shore near Vasa. „ Oct. 28. Rosario, 10, taken by Pasley, 14, near Cape de Gatt. 1803. May 28. Franchise, 36, captured by Minotaur, 74, in the Channel. „ June 27. Venteux, 10, cut out from under the batte- ries of Isle of Bas, by boats of Loire, 38. „ June 30. Creole, 36, captured off St. Domingo, by Cum- berland and Vanguard, 74. ,, July 2. Minerve, 38, having grounded at the en- trance of Cherbourg, surrendered after a gallant defence. July 11. Lodi, 10, taken by Rac- coon, 18, off St. Do- mingo. „ July 24. Duquesne, 74, taken by British squadron off Cape Francois. „ Aug. 17. Mutine, 18, driven ashore near St. Jago de Cuba, by Raccoon, 18. „ Nov. 30. Clorinde, 40, taken by squadron at the evacu- ation of St. Domingo. 1804. Feb. 3. Curieux, 16, cut out from Martinique, by boats of Centaur, 74, under the orders of Lt. R. C. Reynolds. „ Feb. 5. Eclair, 12, b?at off Grand Decide, 22, near Tor- tola. Mar. 7. Goree recaptured by Capt. E. S. Dickson. Mar. 25. Egyptienne, 36, gun pri- vateer, taken by Hip- pomenbs, 14, in West Indies. Mar. 24. Wolverine, 13, captured by French 30-gun pri- vateer, after a gallant defence. 1804. Mar. 31. Atalanta, 16, cut out from the Texel by boats of Scorpion and Beaver, led by Capt. Hardinge. , April 9. Wilhelmina en flute en- gages Psyche, 32, near Trincomalee. , May 5. Reduction of Surinam, by Com. Sir Samuel Hood. ‘ July 11. Boats of Narcissus and consorts captured a convoy at La Vau- dour. , Aug. 17. Blonde, 30, taken by Loire, 38. , Sept. 15. Centurion, 50, attacked by Marengo, 74, and 2 frigates in Vizagapa tam roads. , Oct. 5. Three Spanish frigates, laden with treasure captured near Cadiz by 4 frigates, under Capt. G. Moore, and a fourth exploded. 1805. Feb. 8. Dame Ernouf, 16, taken by Curieux, 16, near Barbadoes. , Feb. 15. Psyche, 32, taken off Vi- zagapatam by San Fio- renzo, 36. , Feb. 17. Cleopatra, 32, captured by Ville de Milan, 40. , Feb. 23. Ville de Milan taken, and Cleopatra recaptured by Leander, 50. , Mar. 29. Adm. Villeneuve, with 1 2 sail of the line, sailed from Toulon, and be- ing joined by 6 ships of the line from Cadiz, proceeded to the West Indies. Lord Nelson, with 10 ships of the line, followed him with such vigour that the combined squadron re- turned to Europe, pur- sued by Nelson, who joined the channel fleet in July. „ June 2. Boat’s crew of Loire, 38, led by Lieut. J. L. Yeo, stormed Fort Muros. „ July 19. Blanche, 36, captured by a French squadron. „ July 22. Vice-Admiral Sir R. Calder, with 15 sail of the line and 2 frigates, off Cape Finisterre, engaged the combined French and Spanish fleet of 20 ships of the line and 4 frigates. 2 Spanish ships of the line were captured. „ Aug. 10. Didon, 40, taken off Cape Ortegal by Phoenix, 36. „ Sept. 25. Calcutta, 50, captured by XX CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. squadron of Rear-Adra. Allemand. 1805. Oct. 9. Cyane, 26, recaptured by Princess Charlotte, off Tobago. „ Oct. 21 . Battle of Trafalgar. Vice- Adm. Lord Nelson, with 27 sail of the line and 4 frigates, off Cape Trafalgar, defeated combined French and Spanish fleet of 33 ships of the line and 5 fri- gates. 19 of the line were captured and one burnt. „ Nov. 4. Capt. Sir R. Strachan, with 4 sail of the line and 4 frigates, off Cape Ortegal, captures 4 French ships of the line under Rear-Adm. Dumanoir. „ Dec. 24. Libre, 40, taken by Egyp- tienne, 44, and Loire, 38 1806. Jan. 7. Raposa, 12, cut out of Campeachy Bay, by boats of Franchise, 36. ,, Feb. 6. French squadron of 5 sail of the line, under Vice-Adm.Leisseigues, captured in bav of St. Domingo by 7 ships of the line under Vice- Adm. Duckworth. ,, Mar. 13. Marengo, 74, captured by London, 98, and Belle Poule, 40, by Amazon, 38, in com- pany with a squadron. „ Mar. 26. Phaeton and Voltigeur, 16, taken by Pique, 36, near Sr. Domingo. „ Mar. 28. Nearque, 18, taken by Niobe, 38, off the Gle- nans. „ April 4. Visrilante, 18, taken by Renommee, 36, off Cape de Gata. ,, April 6. Tapageuse, 14, cut out of' the Gironde by boats of Pallas, 32. „ April 17. Sirius, 36, defeated a squadron off the Tiber, and captured Berg£re, 18. „ May 14. Pallas, 32, attacked Mi- nerve, 40, and 3 brigs, in Ba?que roads. „ May 27. Diligente, 16, taken by Renard, 18, in West Indies. July 9. Bellone, 34, captured by Powerful, 74, off Cey- lon. ,, July 15. Cesar, 16, cut out of Verdon roads by boats of squadron, under Lieut. E. R. Sibly. „ July 19. Guerriere, 40, taken by Blanche, 38, off the Faro islands. 1806. July 26. Greyhound, 32, and Har- rier, 18, defeated a Dutch squadron in the Java seas, and captured two armed Indiamen. „ July 28. Rhin, 40, taken by Mars, 74, in the bay. „ Aug. 23. Pomona, 34, taken by Anson, 44, and Are- thusa, 38, under the batteries near the Ha- vannah. „ Sept. 25. Gloire, Armide, Infa- tigable, and Minerve, 40-gun frigates, taken off Rochefort, by squa- dron of 6 sail of the line, under Com. Sir S. Hood. „ Sept. 27. Presidente, 40, taken in the bay by squadron under Rear-Adm. Sir T. Louis. „ Oct. 18. Maria, 36, taken by Ca- roline, 36, in Batavia roads. „ Dec. 13. Neptuno, 12, taken by Halcyon, 18. 1807. Jan. 1. Reduction of the island of Curagoa by 4 fri- gates under Captain Charles Brisbane. „ Jan. 21. Lynx, 16, captured off the Caraccas by boats of Galatea, 32, under Lieut. W. Coombe. „ Jan. 27. Favourite, 29, captured by Jason, 32. „ Feb. 5. Buenos Ayres, surrender- ed to Rear-Admiral Stirling. ,, Feb. 14. Ajax, 74, burnt by ac- cident off the entrance of the Dardanelles. „ Feb. 19. Squadron under Vice- Adm. J. T. Duck- worth passed the Dar- danelles. ,, Mar. 3. The squadron repassed from before Constan- tinople. „ Mar. 21. Chesapeake, 36, sur- rendered to Leopard, 50, near Cape Henry. „ Aug. 14. Freaerickscoarn, 32, taken by Comus, 22, on coast of Norway. „ Sept. 7. Copenhagen capitulated to fleet under Adm. Lord Gambier and Gen. Lord Cathcart. „ Dec. 21. Reduction of Island of St. Thomas, West lnd. „ Dec. 24. Madeira surrenders to Rear-Admiral Sir S. Hood. „ Dec. 25. Reduction of Sta. Croix, West Indies. 1808. Jan. 16. Courier, 18, taken by Linnet, 14, off Barfleur. „ Mar. 2. Admiral Yawl, 28, taken by Sappho, 18, off Scar- borough. NAVY. XXL 1808. Mar. 8. Piemontaise, 40, taken by San Fiorenzo, 36, off Cape Cormorin, East Indies. „ Mar. 12. Baleine, 30, en flute, de- stroyed by Amphion, 32, in bay of Rosas. „ Mar. 14. Childers, 14, engages Lougen, 18, in the Baltic. „ Mar. 15. Terpsichore, 32, engages French 36-gun frigate Semillante, near Cey- lon. ,, Mar. 22. Prindts Christian Fre- derick, 74, taken on coast of Jutland by 64-gun ships Stately and Nassau. „ Mar. 22. Seine, 36, driven on shore on Isle of Groix, by Aigle, 36. „ May 19. Guelderland, 36, taken by Virginie, 38. „ July 5. Seahorse, 38, in the Ar- chipelago, captures Badere Zaffer, mount- ing 52 guns. Aug. 11. Comet, 18, captures Sylphe, 16, in the Bay. „ Aug. 26. Sewolod, 74, taken by Centaur, 74, in com- pany with Implacable, 74, off Rogerwick, „ Sept. 6. Recruit, 18, engages Di- ligente, 18. „ Sept. 12. Laurel, 22, captured by Cannoniere, 40, off the Isle of France. „ Oct. 3. Carnation, 18, captured by Palinure, 16, near Martinique. Oct. 31. The Palinure was taken by Circe, 32. „ Nov. 11. Thetis, 40, taken by Amethyst, 36, off L’O- rient. 1809. Jan. 1. Manly captured by Onyx. ,, Jan. 3. Capture of Iris, 26, by Aim able, 32. „ Jan. 22. Topaze, 40, taken by Cleopatra, 36, and Jason, 38, near Gua- daloupe. Feb. 6. Niemen, 40, taken by Amethyst, 36, off Bor- deaux. „ Feb. 10. Junon, 40, taken by Ho- ratio, 38, and consorts, off the Virgin Islands. „ Feb. 14. Var, 26, taken by Belle Poule, 38. „ Feb. 24. Reduction of Martinique by fleet under Rear- Adm. Cochrane and Lieut.- Gen. Beckwith „ Feb. 24,’Cybele, Italienne, and. Calypso, of 40 guns, destroyed under Sables d’Olonne by Bear- Adm. Stopford. „ April 11. Fleet in Aix roads at- tacked by squadron 1809. under Lord Cochrane; 3 ships of 74 and 1 of 50 guns destroyed. April 15. D’Hautpoult, 74, taken in West Indies by Pompee, 74, and con- sorts. May 18. Island of Anholt surren- ders to Standard, 64, and consorts. June 25. Islands of Ischia and Procida surrender. June 27. Cyane, 22, engages Ce- res, 40, and Fama, 28, near Naples. July 5. Furieuse, 40, en flute , taken by Bonne Citoy- eune, 20, near Halifax. July 28. Walcheren expedition sails from the Downs. Sept. 11. Zephyr, 14, taken by Diana, 10, near Mo- nado, E. I. Oct. 26. Robuste, 80, and Lion, 74, destroyed in Gulf of Lyons, by squadron under Rear-Admiral Martin. Dec. 13. Junon, 38, captured by four French frigates. Dec. 14. Bearnais, 16, taken by Melampus. Dec. 18. Seine, 40, and Loire, 40, en flute , destroyed at Anse la Barque, by squadron under Capt. Ballard. Jan. 10. Amiable Nelly, 16, taken by Cherokee, 10, off Dieppe. Jan. II. Oreste, 16, taken by Scor- pion, 18, near Guada- loupe. Feb. 6. Guadaloupe surrenders to Vice-Adm. Sir A. Cochrane and Lieut.- Gen. Beckwith. Feb. 10. Havik, 10, taken by Thistle, 10. Apr. 12. Esperance, 22, en flflte, taken by Unicorn, 32, off Rochefort. Apr. 16. Santa Maura surrenders. May 3. Spartan, 38, engages Ce- res, 40, Fama, 28, and captures Sparviere, 8, in Bay of Naples. July 8. Reduction of Isle of Bourbon. July 9. Banda Neira captured by Caroline and Pie- montaise frigates. Aug. 13. Isle de la Pape stormed by boats under Lieut. J. W. Watling. Aug. 23. Sirius, Iphigenia, Magi- cienne, and Nereide, frigates, were captured in an attack on a French squadron at Grand Port, Isle of - France. Sept. 13. Africaine, 38, captured XXII CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 18J0. Sent. 17. Oct. 14. Dec. 3. „ Dec. 7. 1811. Mar. 13. „ Mar. 27. „ Mar. 30. „ May 16. „ May 20. „ May 26. „ July 27. „ Sept. 18. „ Sept. 21. „ Nov. 27. „ Nov. 29. 1812. Feb. 2. „ Feb. 16. „ May 22. by two French 40-gun frigates, near Isle of France. Ceylon, 32, taken by Venus, 40, near Isle Bourbon, was re-cap- tured on the same day by Boadicea, 38, Otter, 18, and Staunch, 14, and the Venus also taken. Sans Souci, 14, taken by Briseis, 10. Isle of France capitulated to Vice-Adm. Bertie and Major. Gen. Aber- cromby. Maraudeur, 14, taken by Rinaldo, 10, near Dover. Amphion, 32, Active, 38, Cerberus, 32, and Vo- lage, 22, defeat a French squadron of 6 frigates, near the Island of Lissa, and capture Corona, 40, and Bel- lona, 32. Garrison of the Island of Anholt, repulse an attack made by a large Danish force. Giraffe and Nourrice, 26, destroyed in Bay of Sagone, by Pomone, 38, and consorts. Little Belt, 20, taken by President, 44, off Sandy Hook. Astrea, 38, Phoebe, 36, and Galatea, 36, defeat three French frigates near Tamatave, and capture Renommee, 40. Alacrity, 18, captured near Elba, by French brig Abeille, 20. Fort Mar rack, Island of Java, stormed by two boats’ crews of Minden, 74, led by Lieut. Edward Lyons. Reduction of Java, by fleet under Rear-Adm. Stopford. Ville de Lyon, 1 2, cap- tured by Naiad, 38, off Boulogne. Corceydre, 40, taken by Eagle, 74, in the Adri- atic. Pomone, 40, and Per- sanne, 26, captured near the Island of Augusta, by Alceste, 38, Active, 38, and Unite, 32. Amethyste, 40, taken by Southampton, 32, near Hayti. Rivoli, 74, taken near Venice, by Victorious, 74, and Weazel, 18. Northumberland, 74, and June 4. June 18. July 6. „ Aug. 13. „ Aug. 19. „ Sept. 8. „ Oct. 18. „ Oct. 25. „ Oct. 30. 1813. Feb. 7. „ Feb. 24. „ June 1. „ July 12. „ Aug. 12. „ Sept. 5. „ Oct. 13. „ Oct. 21. „ Oct. 23. 1814. Jan. 5. ,, Jan.* 6. ,, Jan. 16. „ Jan. 20. „ Jan. 23. Growler, 12, destroyed two French frigates and a brig near L’Orient. Dorade, 14, destroyed by boats of Medusa, 32, in Arcasson. Belvidera, 36, engaged by American squadron un . der Commodore Ro- gers. Dictator, 64, and con- sorts, captured a Danish 40-gun frigate, with three brigs 12 miles up a creek in Norway. Alert, 16, captured by Essex, 32. Guerriere, 38, captured by Constitution, 44, near Halifax. Laura, 10, captured by Diligente, 18, off the Delaware. Frolic, 18, captured by Wasp, 18. Macedonian, 38, captured by United States, 44. Java, 38, captured by Constitution, 44, near St. Salvador. Amelia, 38, engages French 40-gun frigate Arethuse, on Coast of Africa. Peacock, 18, captured near Demerara, by Hornet, 20. Shannon, 38, captures Chesapeake, off Bos- ton. Anaconda, 18, taken at Ocracoke, by a force under Capt. Ross. Argus, 20, taken on Coast of Ireland, by Pelican, 18. Boxer, 14, captured by Enterprise, 16, Coast of America. Flibustier, 16, taken by Telegraph, 12, near Bayonne. Weser, 40, taken by Rip- pon, 74, in the Channel. Trave, 40, taken by An- dromache, 38, near Ushant. Fortress of Cattaro, in the Adriatic, sur- renders. Ceres, 40, taken by Niger, 38, and Tagus. 38, off Cape de Verd Islands. Alcmene, 40, taken by Venerable, 74. Iphigenie, 40, consort of Alcmene, surrendered. Sultane, 40, and Etoile, 40, near Cape de Verd Islands, engaged 36- gun frigates, Creole and Astrea. NAVY. xxiii 1814. Feb. 3. „ Feb. 25 „ Mar. 26 „ Mar. 27. „ Mar. 28. „ April 20. „ April 29. „ May 6. „ June 28. „ Sept. 1. „ Dec. 14. 1815. Jan. 15. „ Feb. 20. „ Feb. 26. „ Mar. 23. „ April 30. Terpsichore, 40, taken by Majestic, 50.' . Clorinde, 40, taken by Eurotas, 38, near Ushant. Sultane, 44, taken by Hannibal, 74. Etoile, 40, taken by He- brus, 38, near Jersey. Essex, 32, taken by Phoebe, 36, and Cherub, 24, near Valparaiso. Frolic, 18, American corvette, taken by Or- pheus, 38. Epervier, 18, taken by American corvette Peacock, 18. Fort Oswego stormed by battalion of marines, under Lieut. Col. Mal- colm, and 200 seamen, under Capt.Mulcaster. Reindeer, 18, captured by U. S. 18-gun cor- vette Wasp. Avon, 18, captured by Wasp, off L’Orient. Boats of the fleet under Capt. N. Lockyer cap- tured American flotilla on Lake Borgne, near theChandeleur Islands. U. S. 44-gun frigate President captured by Endymion, 40, having chased from a squa- dron off Sandy Hook. Cyane, 22, and Levant, 20, captured near Ma- deira by U. S. 44-gun frigate Constitution. St. Lawrence, 13, cap- tured by American 14- gun privateer Chas- seur. Penguin, 18, captured off Tristan d’Acunha by U. S. 22-gun cor- vette Hornet. Melpomene, 40, captured off’ the Island of Ischia by Rivoli, 74. 1815. June 17. Pilot, 18, off Cape Corse, beat off Legere, 28, after an action of 1 h. 40 m. „ June 30. Nautilus, 14, belonging to H. E. I. Company, captured by U. S . cor- vette Peacock, 18, in Straits of Sunda. „ July 18. Rhin and consorts cap- ture a convoy in har- bour of Corigeou. 1816. Aug. 27. Algiers bombarded by squadron under Adm. Lord Exmouth. 1827. Oct. 20. The combined British, French, and Russian squadrons, under Vice- Admiral Sir Edward Codrington, destroy Turkish fleet in the harbour of Navarino. 1840. July 6. Chusan surrenders to squadron under Com- modore J. G. Bremer. „ Sept. 27. Sidon stormed by a united British and Turkish force under the direction of Com- modore C. Napier. „ Nov. 3. St. Jean d’Acre bom- barded by fleet under Adm. Stopford, and compelled to surren- der. 1841. Feb. 26. The squadron under Commodore Bremer forces the Bocca Ti- gris. „ Aug. 3. Amoy surrenders. „ Oct. 12. Reduction of Chinghae. 1842. July 20. Chin-Keang-Foo sur- renders. 1854. Aug. 16. Reduction of Bomarsund. „ Oct. 17* Bombardment of Sebas- topol by combined En- glish and French fleet of 24 sail of the line and above 20 steam- vessels, under Vice- Admirals Dundas and Hamelin. *** The word fHctaT denotes those actions which are that decoration, as notified in the London Gazette of June 1st, commemorated by 1847. THE CALENDAR OF VICTORY. & ■ ' j if " » January 1, 1295. Deduction of Bayonne. — The city of Bayonne was, on the Festival of the Circumcision, surrendered to Sir John St. John, then acting under the command of Edmund Earl of Lancaster, brother of Edward I., in whose war with France this success was obtained. The city had under- gone a short but severe siege, and when it yielded, the citadel yet stood out for eight days. The English fleet was actively en- gaged in these operations. 1349. Action under the Walls of Calais Calais, in the year 1347, after a memorable siege, surrendered to Edward III, who once more returned to his own kingdom, leaving his new conquest, strongly garrisoned, un- der charge of Aymeri de Pavia, a knight of Lombardy. The year’s truce between the monarchs of France and England had hardly ended, when Philip had recourse to stratagem and treachery to re- gain the city. Geoffrey, Seigneur de Chamy, then governor of St. Omer, succeeded in persuading De Pavia to betray his trust, and, according to Froissart, it was agreed that, on the eve of the New Year, 1349, the French were to be admitted into Calais. Cau- tiously as the treason was con- cocted, a rumour of it reached the ear of Edward, who sent for Aymeri. de Pavla to England, taxed him with his treachery, and countermined the treason/ The governor of Calais returned to his post. The night of the 31st of December arrived, — the stipu- lated guerdon, 10,000 florins, was paid, — and twelve French knights, with one hundred men-at-arms, were silently admitted within the walls of the town, and conducted I towards the castle. Here they : were met by Edward, who had secretly landed at Calais that night, and they were at once obliged to surrender. Before daylight, on the 1st of January, 1349, the gates of Calais were thrown open, but not, as the enemy lurking without its walls expected, for their admittance to support the treasonable entry of the previous night. Two bands sallied forth, one led by Edward the Black Prince, the other by Sir Walter de Manny, under whose banner fought Edward III. in- cognito; — he honoured not the treacherous French by his ac- knowledged presence. The suc- cess of the English was complete ; 600 of the enemy were slain. The Seigneur, de Charny was among the prisoners, and, with many other French knights and nobles, was that day chivalrously feasted as a captive in the city he had hoped to obtain at the hand of treason. 1586. St. Domingo stormed. b 2 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. January 2, — Sir Erancis Drake and Lieut. - Gen. Carliel landed at Hispaniola, and took the town of St. Domingo by storm. 1812. — Skirmish with the French, near Almiendrago, Spain. Lieut. -Gen. Lord Hill. 1815. Defence of Corigaum. — A detachment under Captain Erancis Staunton, consisting of 2nd battalion of 1st regiment N. I., 300 irregular horse, and two 6 -pounders of the Madras artillery, — in all 800 men, — after a fatiguing march, reached the high grounds overlooking the vil- lage of Corigaum, on the Beerna, as the morning dawned, on the 1st January, and suddenly found themselves in the presence of the Peishwa’s whole army, amounting to 20,000 cavalry, and 5000 in- fantry. This small British force had to maintain itself against the immense disparity of the op- posing Mahratta army until nine- o’clock at night. Lieut. Patter- son, though mortally wounded, led the grenadiers in a desperate charge, and recovered a G-pounder which the enemy had taken. A choultry was seized by the Mah- rattas, who murdered Surgeon Wingate ; but his fall was avenged by Lieut. Jones and Dr. Wylie, who retook the choultry, in spite of superior numbers and despe- rate resistance. The Peishwa, Gokla, and Trimbuck Danglia, witnessed the conflict, and di- rected the attacks. When night approached, the Peishwa made a precipitate retreat, and was ac- tively pursued. January 2. 1418. Reduction of Eaeaise. — This conquest was one of the triumphs which marked King Henry V.’s second invasion of Erance. The town was beleaguer- ed from Holland-tide until th# 20th Dec. 1417, on which day the besieged demanded parley ; and Thomas Earl of Salisbury, Henry Lord Eitz- Hugh, Sir John Corn- wall, and Sir William Harrington, were empowered by Hemy to treat with them. It was agreed that, if the King of Erance, the Dau- phin, or the Constable of Erance, did not raise the siege before the 2nd of January following, the town was to be surrendered. The articles of agreement were most minute in their stipulations, espe- cially that relief was not to be afforded to the castle, which yet held out. On the day named, no succour appearing, the town of Ealaise was given up to the En- glish. 1602. Spanish Invasion de- feated. — Don Juan Aguila, with a Spanish force, having landed in Ireland, and taken possession of the town of Kinsale, in support of the Earl of Tyrone, then in re- bellion against Queen Elizabeth, he was besieged therein, and obliged to capitulate. The capi- tulation was signed on the 2nd of January, 1602, and he and his troops were then permitted to re- turn to Spain, having failed in rescuing Ireland from the “jaws of the devil : ” thus, in his mani- festo on landing, had he termed Protestant England’s dominion over the sister island. 1753. Sortie fromTrtncoma- lee. — Trincomalee, in possession of the English, besieged by French and Mahrattas. On the 2nd of January, 1753, the garrison made a successful sally, and captured 5 guns and 1 pair of colours. 1757. Calcutta recaptured. — The recapture and reoccupa- tion of Calcutta by the British fol- lowed in less than six months the disastrous taking of that city by Suraja Dowla, and the sufferings January 3. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 3 of our countrymen in the me- morable “ Black Hole ” were avenged ; as from this day, the 2nd of January, 1757, may be dated the downward career of the tyrant who had for a brief space of time paled the star of British ascendancy in the East. A com- bined expedition, consisting of a squadron commanded by Admiral Watson, and an army, English and native, under Clive, — the un- disputed founder of our Asiatic domination, — anchored at the mouth of the Hoogley, below Calcutta, on the 1st of January, 1757. The forts Thanah and Alighur, the only defences here, had been abandoned by their gar- risons, and were taken possession of ; after which the whole squa- 4 dron, with the exception of one ship left to command the entrance, proceeded up the river ; and the next day the troops were landed. The conquest proved an easy one. Army and navy acted well to- gether, for Clive and Watson were both worthy of command. With the loss of but few men, they, on the 2nd of January, 1757, planted the British standard once more on the walls of Calcutta ; and there it yet remains, marking the seat of government over the prostrate thrones of India and millions of subjugated people. 1803. Surrender of Sumbal- pore. — During the Mahratta war, Sumbalpore, to the eastward of Berar, and then a conquest of the rajah of that country, surren- dered to Lieut. -Col. Broughton. The British were hailed as deli- verers by the inhabitants, and after the capitulation of the gar- rison, had to protect the Mah- rattas from the vengeance of the people they had enslaved. January 3. 1563. Harfleur. — A success- ful skirmish with the French on the beach near Harfleur by the British troops, who, according to a treaty entered into with Queen Elizabeth the previous year, were fighting in the cause of the Hu- guenots; but they made her a sorry return, ere the year was at an end, making peace with Charles IX. of France, and common cause with him against England. 1753. Ensign Monachin Took Cauranchandypollam from the Mysoreans, India. He soon after sustained a siege therein. 1759. Action at Trivambore. — Captain Preston, with a small detachment of the 1st Madras European Regiment and 600 sepoys, came to the support of the British ally, Mahomed Issoof, whose troops had been routed by the French at Trivambore, a village about six miles south of Madras, during the siege of that city by Lally. Captain Preston turned the fortune of the day, retaking some guns, and obliging the French to retreat with about 100 men killed or wounded ; among these were thirty- one Eu- ropeans, while two only of the English were killed and si .x wounded, but our sepoys suffered severely. 1792. Simoga was surrendered to an English sepoy detachment commanded by Captain Little, acting with our ally Purseram Bhow. 1803. Sortie Repulsed Sasnee, a strong fortress of a pro- vince ceded to England by the Nabob of Furruckabad, but held by a contumacious rajah, belea- guered by a British force under Lieut. -Col. Blair. This day a desperate sally made by the be- 4 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 4. sieged on the besiegers was re- pulsed. 1810. Storm or Shenaz. — A British expedition, engaged in breaking up the stronghold of the Joassamees, and putting down piracy in the Gulf of Persia, in conjunction with some troops of the Imaum of Muscat, besieged for several days, and on the 3rd of January carried by storm, the town of Shenaz, midway between Muscat and Cape Mussuundour. Capt. Wainwright, in H. M.’s frigate Chiffone, commanded the squadron, consisting of H. M.’s S. Caroline, Capt. Gordon, and eight of the Hon. Company’s cruisers. The land forces, — H. M.’s 65th regiment of foot, and detach- ments from H.M.’s 47th regiment of foot and the Bombay artillery, were under Col. Smith, 65th re- giment. The Arab defenders of Shenaz were most desperate in their resistance ; but the town having been burnt by our bom- bardment, they retired to the castle, and when this was stormed, they fought to the last, refusing quarter, till many hundreds of these gallant fellows had fallen, either killed or wounded. Shenaz was given up to the Imaum of Muscat. 1812. French routed in a skir- mish near Fuente del Maestre, Spain, by 2nd hussars and Por- tuguese cavalry, under orders of Lieut.-Col. the Hon. A. Aber- cromby : Lieut.-Col. Campbell commanded the Portuguese, Ma- jor Busche the hussars engaged. 1818. Action at Sereenug- gar. — Lieut.-Col. Macmorice, with the 1st brigade of native subsidiary force and squadron of cavalry at Sereenuggar, on the southern bank of the Nerbudda, India, attacks and beats a strong body of the Rajah of Berar’s troops, taking guns and baggage. 1841. Lundie Novr ah. — Capt. Farrington despatched, under orders of Major-Gen. Nott, into Zamin Dawar District, with two regiments of native infantry, ca- valry, artillery, &c., attacks and routs a body of insurgents, at the village of Lundie Nowah. January 4. 1753. Skirmish near Triyadi. — The British forces, under Ma- jor Lawrence, were encamped with the army of the Nabob Ma- homed Ali, whose cause we were espousing under the walls of Tri- vadi, in the beginning of the year 1753. It was during this period, on the 4th January, according to an entry made in Orm’s unpub- lished MS. papers, that an officer of the name of Innis attacked and took from the Mahrattas their plunder. Four thousand of these daring native cavalry, under a chief called Morai Row, were at this time in the service of the French, and were engaged in ha- rassing our troops and cutting off supplies. They occasionally found this a dangerous duty to perform, and, as in the present instance, had to disgorge their spoil. 1812. Tarifa. — The French made an assault upon the town of Tarifa, Spain, on the last day of the old year ; in this they were repulsed, but still remaining be- fore the place, and their fire con- tinuing occasionally, another at- tack was expected, particularly as the breach they had before at- tempted was now considerably •widened. The surprise of the besieged was great when, on the morning of the 5th of January, they discovered that during the previous night the French had decamped. It would appear that Marshal Victor was present in the French camp when the order January 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 5 for retreat was given. Col. Skir- rett, commanding atTarifa, in his despatch well describes the utter discomfiture of the enemy. — “We have thus seen the greatest effort the French are capable of making, frustrated by 1800 Bri- tish and Spanish troops, with only the defence of a paltry wall ; and an army of 10,000 men, com- manded by a Marshal of France, retreating from them silently in the night, after having been re- pulsed and defeated, leaving be- hind all their artillery and stores, collected at a great expense, and by immense exertions.” 1826. Repulse on Zittang River. — This was the gallant de- fence of a small post on the Zit- tang River which occurred during the co-operation of a field force under Col. Pepper (Brigadier), with the main army engaged in the Burmese war on the banks of the Irrawaddy. The Col. marched, about the end of Dec. 1825, from the town of Pegue, his object being to threaten the capital, Ava, by taking the towns of Shoeghein and Tongho. A corps of light infantry, in advance, seized and occupied the village of Meekoo, and here the British force crossed the river, and proceeded on its route to Shoeghein, which town it took possession of without op- position. Meekoo was still held by a small European and native force ; and on the morning of the 4th January, 1826, the village was attacked by between four and five hundred of the enemy. Sudden as was this assault, it met with im- mediate resistance. The Burmese were gallantly repulsed by the de- fenders of Meekoo, which post was held till the conclusion of the war, when the field force re- turned to Pegue. January 5. 1753. Repulse of Mah- rattas. — A British force, on march from Trivadi to Triven- dapa, repulsed an attack of Mah- rattas. As we have before men- tioned, 4000 of these bold A siatics were at this time acting with the French in the war which arose out of the disputed Musned of of Arcot. The rival armies of the English and French Com- panies and their allies were en- camped within a short distance of each other, the former under the walls of Trivadi. Major Lawrence, to protect a convoy of provisions from Fort St. David, had despatched a strong escort, and the Mahrattas, according to their custom, made a desperate charge upon the British ; but the steady fire of our infantry was too much for these wild horse- men, and they were repulsed with severe loss. In this and similar attacks, at the beginning of the year 1753, they had alto- gether 600 men killed or wounded. 1783. Capture of Onore. — The reduction of this fortress, near the Merjee river, was ac- complished. by a conjoint expe- dition of the British Madras army from Paniane and a body of troops from Bombay, under Gen. Mathews, who took the command of the united forces. The English had been belea- guered by Tippoo Saib at Pani- ane, and seized the opportunity afforded by his sudden departure from their neighbourhood, fol- lowed by his whole army, on the death of his father Hyder, to capture several of his strongholds in this part of his dominions. Onore was carried by storm after a few days’ siege, during which our loss was inconsiderable, one officer only being killed, Lieu- 6 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 6* tenant Charles Stuart, mortally wounded on the 28th of Decem- ber. The Killidar and 100 of the garrison were made prisoners ; the remainder, amounting to up- wards of 200 men, were slain during the siege and in the as- sault. 1795. Enemy repulsed in Holland. — The attack on the British post at Guelder Malsen was an affair which occurred shortly after the Duke of York’s departure from the army for England, leaving it under the command of Gen. Count Wal- moden. The last struggle for the preservation of the United Provinces from the grasp of France had proved so unsuccess- ful, that nothing remained but an endeavour to save the remnant of the British army, with the Hessian and other German sub- sidiaries, which formed hut an insignificant force opposed to 70,000 French under Pichegru. Disastrous as was their memo- rable retreat, the retiring army never failed to repel the enemy when closely attacked. General Dundas, who held the post at Guelder Malsen, was attacked by a large body of cavalry supported by tirailleurs, and forced back with the loss of two guns ; hut the reserve coming to their aid, the fortune of the day was changed: the guns were reco- vered, the French repulsed, and the post preserved. 1812. On the retreat of the French army from before Tarifa being discovered, Major Brand, with part of the 47th regiment, pursued the enemy, made some prisoners, and saved from de- struction the baggage-waggons, stores, ammunition, & c., to which the French had set fire. January 6. 1781. Invasion of Jersey re- pulsed. — A French force un- der General Baron Rolancourt, amounting to 1000 men, despite the loss of some transports and armed vessels on the rocks near the island of Jersey, effected a landing at Banc du Violet, about four miles from the town of St. Helier, between two posts, which they surprised, and immediately pushed for the town. Having gained possession of the market- place and secured the ap- proaches to it, they surrounded the government house, and took the governor, Major Corbet, pri- soner. A general alarm quickly spread through the island ; and by the time the major, to save the destruction of the town, had signed a capitulation, detach- ments of the 85th and 95th regi- ments under Major Pierson, with a strong body of militia, had formed on the heights close to the town. Elizabeth Castle re- fused to surrender, and fired on the invaders, who attempted to enforce a nominal capitulation of the island. Major Corbet, help- less in their hands, was sent with some French officers to summon the force under Major Pierson to lay down their arms. It needed not a council of war to determine this brave officer’s reply, the in- sulting proposal being instantly rejected. A sharp action ensued, the danger of which the French general insisted on Major Corbet sharing, but he was speedily re- warded for this want of courtesy. A shot carried away his chin, and, led back to the market-place by the ex-governor, his prisoner, he shortly expired. Pressed on every side by the British force, the French now gave way, and the officer in command, after the death January 7, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. of the baron, immediately desired Major Corbet to re-assume his command, and put a stop to the carnage, by receiving them as prisoners of war. In the mean- time another debarkation of the enemy, met at La Roque by a part of the 83rd regiment and a militia force, were quickly routed, many killed, and the rest taken prisoners. All further attempts by boats full of troops to reach the shore were rendered abortive by the well-directed fire of the artillery. The gallant Major Pierson received a mortal wound in the moment of victory. The British loss amounted to 20 killed and wounded. Of the French no return was given, but the num- ber of prisoners was about 700. 1814. British Posts retaken at La Coste and La Bastide, Spain. — The French having on the 3rd January dispossessed Major-Gen. Buchan’s Portuguese brigade of the heights of La Coste, and forced the major-ge- neral to retire from the neigh- bourhood of La Bastide, on the 6th, the 3rd and 4th divisions of the British army under Welling- ton, commanded by Lieut.- Gen. Sir Thos. Picton, and Lieut.- Gen. Sir Lowry Cole, supported by cavalry under Major- Gen. Fane, and the Portuguese brigade, dis- lodged the enemy and replaced the British posts. January 7. 1602 . Attack on Ostend repulsed. — Ostend was, at this period of its long siege, held for Prince Maurice of Nassau, by that gallant Knight Sir Francis Vere, with a strong body of En- glish troops lent by Queen Eli- zabeth in aid of its garrison. On the night of the 7th of January, 1 602, the Archduke Albert of Aus- tria attacked the town with 10,000 men, but was signally repulsed. 1760. Action at Etbach. — Major Keith’s Highlanders, after- wards 87th regiment, which had joined the allied army in Ger- many the year before, attacked a regiment of French dragoons at the village of Eybach, and, sup- ported by Luckner’s hussars, routed the enemy with great slaughter, taking 80 prisoners, 200 horses, and the baggage of the regiment. 1809. Reduction of Cayenne. — An expedition, undertaken against the French by Capt., afterwards Sir James Yeo, in H. M.’s S. Confiance, and ably supported by Portuguese troops under Col. Manuel Marques, em- barked in small craft at Appro- aque, a little to the eastward of Cayenne, coast of Guiana, on the 6th of January. Capt. Yeo im- mediately pushed forward with 250 men in canoes, to gain pos- session of two batteries, — the one, Fort Diamant, commanding the entrance of the river Mahuree, the other, Grand Cane, protecting the great road to the town of Cayenne. The main body of the expedition anchored, shortly after dusk, at the mouth of the Mahuree, to wait the result. Both these works were carried on the morning of the 7th January, 1809. At Fort Diamant the French officer in command was killed, and Lieut. Read, of the Marines, in leading his men to the assault, was mortally wounded. The flotilla now advanced up the river, and at noon the whole force was landed. By this time intelligence was received that the Governor of the Settlement, Gen. Victor Hugues, was approaching from Cayenne with 1000 men ; but Capt. Yeo, seeing the necessity of taking two batteries further up 8 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 8, the river, embarked his seamen and marines in boats, and having landed, carried the forts by as- sault, returning only just in time to support Col. Marques, at- tacked by Gen. Victor Hugues at Grand Cane. Here, though inferior to their enemy in point of numbers, the British and Por- tuguese defeated the French, and obliged them to retreat to Cayenne. 1841. Capture of Chuenpee. — A force under Major J. L. Pratt, 26th Cameronians, composed of royal artillery, with a howitzer and two field-pieces, detachments from H. M.’s 26th and 49th regi- ments, a battalion of royal ma- rines, the 37th regiment Madras N. I., and a detachment of Bengal volunteers, together with a party of seamen from the squadron. The works, which were also bombarded seaward by H.M.’s ships, were gallantly car- ried by the troops, and the British flag was planted on the upper fort. January 8. 1781. Descent on New Hampshire. — At Charles City Court-house, 9 miles from Rich- mond, a detachment of Ameri- cans surprised and routed by the English under Lieut. -Col. Sim- coe. 1782. Rout of Hyder. — British European and native troops, commanded by Major Abington, sallied from Telli- cherry, and routed Hyder Ali’s besieging army under Sudder Khan, by storming the camp. 1795. Victory of Beueren. — Action near Beueren, Ger- many, where the English, com- manded by Major-Gen. Lord Cathcart, gained a victory over the French. 1806. — The Dutch army under General Janssens defeated by the English under Major- Gen. Sir David Baird, at Blue Mountains, Cape of Good Hope. 1809. Cayenne. — In the ad- vance of our expedition against Cayenne, already referred to, the governor’s country house was held and fortified by the French. Two flags of truce sent by Capt. Yeo, offering to respect pri- vate property, having been fired upon, the enemy was driven out at the point of the bayonet, and the whole establishment, with the exception of the slaves’ houses, destroyed. 1812. Redoubt of S. Fran- cisco carried. — In the begin- ning of the year 1812 Wellington had concentrated in the neigh- bourhood of the devoted fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo a force of some 35,000 men. On the after- noon of the 8th of January, 1812, not a blow had been struck by the besiegers, but the light di- vision of the British army, under command ofMaj.-Gen. Crawfurd, with some Portuguese troops, had quietly taken post behind the great Teson. Soon after night- fall, Lieut.-Col. Colbome, of the 52nd regiment, detached with two companies of each of the regiments composing this divi- sion, suddenly advanced to the attack of a redoubt on the hill of San Francisco, a work which it was necessary to carry before the first parallel could be commenced. We cannot do better than quote the words of Napier in describing the assault that ensued. “ The assailants appeared to be at one and the same time at the ditch, mounting the parapets, fighting on the top of the rampart, and forcing the gorge of the redoubt, where the explosion of one of the French shells had burst the gate January 9. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 9 open.” A few of the defenders were killed, and the remainder, about 40 in number, made pri- soners. The redoubt was no sooner taken than the victors were saluted by a fire of shot and shell from the town; but this stayed not their purpose, for that night 600 yards of the first parallel was sunk, and the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo commenced. The loss of the English in the assault of the 8th January was only 6 men killed, Capt. Mein and Lieut. Woodgate, 52nd regiment, Lieut. Hawkesbury, 95th regiment, and 14 men wounded. 1818. — After Captain Staun- ton’s repulse of the Mahrattas on the 1st January, they continued their retreat uninterruptedly till the 8th, when General Pritzler’s field force came up with them, and routed their rear-guard near Sattarah. January 9. 1753. Action near Trivadi. — In the lingering war between the English and French East India Companies, with their na- tive allies, the contention was who should put a nabob on the Musnud of Arcot. The French had surrendered one army to the British in the preceding year, and one pretender to the nabob- ship, supported by them, had been put to death. They had now another army in the field and another pretender to fight for — Rajah Saib, the son of their late protege. Commanded by Dupleix, they were encamped at a little distance from the village of Trivadi, then held by the En- glish, on whom they directed their Mahratta allies. Morai Row and a strong body of these wild horsemen, supported by two com- panies of Topasses, native in- fantry in his pay, with several guns, advanced and opened a fire upon Trivadi. Major Lawrence and the Nabob Mahomed Ali on the instant got their troops un- der arms, and the grenadiers and sepoys attacking the enemy, cap- tured the artillery before a second round could be fired. The Mah- rattas, however, retired along the plain in good order, Major Lawrence following them up with his infantry and field-pieces. At length, not wishing to be drawn far from his camp, the major commenced his return, when he was suddenly attacked by the enemy. It was a moment of im- minent peril to the little band of English and sepoys surrounded by Mahrattas, but the infantry steadily reserved their fire till the horsemen were close to the muz- zles of their pieces. The artil- lery also opened upon them, and Morai Row was repulsed, with the loss of about 100 men, and, repairing to the French camp, he bitterly reproached Dupleix for not coming to his aid. 1779. Surrender of Sun- burt, America. — Sunbury, Georgia, North America, surren- dered at discretion to Gen. Pre- vost. 1806. Surrender of Cape of Good Hope. — After the action of Blawberg, Cape of Good Hope, when 700 of the Dutch were either killed or wounded, Sir David Baird’s forces took up their ground in the valley for the night. The next day, 9th Janu- ary, provisions and a battering train having been landed from the squadron, the British soon ap- peared, refreshed and in full force, before Cape Town. The Gov.-Gen. Janssens, with the remains of his army, had re- tired into the interior after the battle of Blawberg, and the 10 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 10. second in command surrendered. In the evening the 59 th regiment marched into Fort Kuokke, and the formal capitulation of Cape Town was signed on the follow- ing day. January lQ a 1781. Repulse of Hyder at Vellore. — When Hyder Ali, in alliance with the French, was bearding the English even in the strongholds of the Carnatic, one of the first fortresses which he invested was Vellore. Situated at the entrance of the Amboor valley, the commencement of a principal pass into the Mysore country, from Vellore the En- glish could intercept Hyder’s con- voys, and, to make certain of the fall of the fortress, a large army was sent against it. Col. Lang, at the juncture referred to, held this strong post with a force con- sisting of 250 Europeans, 500 sepoys, and upwards of 1000 ir- regular troops belonging to the Nabob of Aucot. To the right of Vellore were three fortified hills. The enemy being in pos- session of the nearest, after three weeks’ work opened a fire upon the fortress, which even its strong walls could not resist. One of the angles of the fort was com- pletely demolished, and on the night of the 10th January, 1781, the Mysoreans in full force ad- vanced to storm the breach. To their astonishment they found it repaired. Col. Lang had, by dint of hard labour, cut off the ruined angle ; a deep trench and breast- work filled the breach, and the assailants were met with so deter- mined a fire, that in dense masses they recoiled from the walls, with great loss. The assault was re- newed towards morning, as though in sheer desperation ; but the result was equally disastrous to the Mysoreans, and their loss was most severe. Hyder Ali, shortly after this, recalled the be- sieging army, but continued to place a sufficient force in the neighbourhood to produce all the effect of a blockade. On the anniversary of the present affair, in the year 1782, Sir Eyre Coote appeared before Vellore, then in great distress, with a convoy of supplies, which, through a flooded country, and under a cannonade from Hyder’s army, he succeeded in lodging the next day within the walls of the fortress. 1781. Americans defeated. — After the success of the Bri- tish on the 8 th of January, the next descent of our troops on the coast of New Hampshire was at Fleur de Hundred. Detached from the army under Gen. Arnold, Lieut.-Col. Simcoe, with 300 men, proceeded to some cross roads where the enemy had taken post. The advance-guard of the British drove in the American pickets on the main body, which opened a heavy fire, occasioning us the loss of 3 killed and 22 wounded. This check was remedied on the instant by Lieut.-Col. Simcoe charging and routing the Ame- ricans. The fugitives were fol- lowed up, until the darkness of night and the inclemency of the weather put an end to the pursuit. 1818. Mahrattas routed. — Major-General Brown, marching from Aurrote, surprised the re- mains of Mulhar Rao Holkar’s infantry and a body of his ca- valry, in the town of Rampoora. Holkar had submitted to, and made peace with the British; but some of his chiefs yet kept the field. Two hundred of the enemy were killed or wounded. January 11. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 11 January 11. 1757. Hoogly taken. — The city of Hoogly, on the river of that name, about 23 miles above Calcutta, was taken by a detach- ment from the fleet and army engaged in the successful ex- pedition against the latter city. The British troops, native and European, under Capt. Eyre Coote, detached for this service, appeared before Hoogly on the 10th January, 1757. By night- fall the fire of the British ships had effected a breach in the forti- fications, and before daylight the next morning a false attack was made by a detachment on the main gate, while a strong divi- sion under Capt. Coote, accom- panied by some sailors of the fleet, mounted the breach and gained the ramparts. The enemy abandoned their posts in every direction, and fled out of a small gate leading into the country. Only 3 Europeans and 10 sepoys were killed in this attack. 1782. — Trincomalee, a well- known port in the Island of Cey- lon, was marked for conquest by the British after their capture of Negapatam and other Dutch settlements on the coast of Coro- mandel. Vice-Admiral Sir Ed- ward Hughes, who commanded this expedition, embarked at Negapatam a battalion of sepoys 500 strong and some European artillerymen. On the 4th Jan., 1782, the fleet appeared before Trincomalee, 3 miles below the fort of that name. The marines of the ships, the artillery, with two 6-pounders and two compa- nies of sepoys, having landed, at once pushed on and secured the the fort. The landing of the stores and munitions of war being completed by the 8th, an emi- nence was carried by a party of marines and seamen, which com- manded Fort Ostenburgh, the principal work protecting the harbour of Trincomalee. This effected, the place was summoned to surrender. , We should state that Sir Edward Hughes, with many of his officers and men, had, ere the breaking out of the Dutch war, held the most friendly relations with the garrison and inhabitants of Trincomalee; and the admiral now, in an appeal to their private friendship, urged the governor to surrender, that blood might not be shed; but the latter considered it due to his character as a soldier and the officer entrusted with the com- mand, to resist every entreaty. In the meantime Major Geils, of the Hon. East India Com- pany’s Engineers, who conducted the negotiation, had made ob- servations which convinced him that the lower works of Fort Ostenburgh might be carried by assault without a formal siege. The admiral was guided by this opinion, and at daybreak on the 11th January, 1782, a small storming party, leading strong detachments of marines, sepoys, and sailors, entered the lower embrasures of the fort. The enemy, taken by surprise, was driven from the works, and the place gained. The loss of the garrison was inconsiderable. Two officers and 20 men was the ex- tent of our loss in this expedition. 1826. Stockade stormed. — The storming of Ziltaun stockade, one of the most desperate affairs of the Burmese war, either by misadventure or design, occurred during a short period of truce with the king of Ava. 12 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 13. January 12. 1809. Capitulation of Cay- enne. — After the affair at the general’s house, related on the 8th instant, the English and Por- tuguese expedition against Cay- enne continued its advance to- wards the capital. Perceiving that the enemy had neglected to occupy an eminence commanding the high-road, on the 9 th the assailants suddenly pushed for- ward and seized the position be- fore the French supposed they were so close at hand. By this bold stroke they were in a po- sition to dictate terms, for the capital was at their mercy. On the 10th, Lieut. Mulcaster, of H. M.’s S. Confiance, and an officer of the Portuguese service were despatched to summon the town to surrender. These offi- cers returned, accompanied by an aide-de-camp of the Commander- in-chief of French Guiana, hear- ing a proposal for an armistice for twenty-four hours ; and this being agreed to, the truce was prolonged until the 12th. Ar- ticles of surrender were by that time arranged. Victor Hugues, in acceding to the terms, observed that, although his advanced posts had been carried, he owed it to the valour and good conduct of his troops to declare that he yielded less to the force sent against him than to preserve the settlement from the destructive system pur- sued by the invaders, — the li- beration of all the slaves who joined them, and the burning of the plantations of the co- lony, as exemplified in the case of his own establishment. In justification of our proceedings, we must observe that when two flags of truce had been fired upon, and a third message, for- warded by one of the general’s own slaves, disregarded, surely the British and Portuguese, in self-defence, were justified in dis- lodging the troops that were firing upon them, and destroy- ing the premises they had made their fortress. 181'0. Capture of Booloe Comba. — Booloe Comba, to the south-east of Macassar, then a Dutch settlement and a depend- ancy of that place, was captured by a small party of troops and seamen landed from H. M.’s S. Cornwallis, led by Capt. Forbes and Lieut. D. Stewart, Madras European regiment, — the expe- dition being under the direction of Captain Montague, command- ing the Cornwallis, 74. 1842. Action near Candahar. — Major- Gen. Nott having pro- vided for the safety of the city of Candahar, on the 12th January marched out and attacked Prince Suftur Jung, in a strong position 5 miles west of Candahar, with a force of 5000 men. The main body of the enemy fled on his approach; but the cavalry made a stand, until overpowered by the charge of our troops, and then the rout became general. Their loss amounted to 153 killed and 200 wounded, whilst the English had only 3 killed and 30 wounded. January 13. 1558. Sortie from Guisnes. — Lord Grey de Wilton, who held the Castle of Guisnes with a mixed garrison of English and continental troops, made a sally upon the French, then in posses- sion of the town. He surprised his besiegers, many of whom were slain, and he burnt the houses which had afforded them shelter, the English sustaining but little loss in the affair. It was the last brave effort in a desperate cause; January 13. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 13 on the 21st, the castle, no longer tenable, was surrendered to the Duke of Guise and an overwhelm- ing force, the little garrison march- ing out with the honours of war. 1782. Relief of Vellore. — The British army under Sir Eyre Coote, after having relieved Vel- lore, triumphantly repassed Hy- der’s forces on the 13th January, complimented by a heavy cannon- ade, which the British in defiance returned; but Hyder ventured not to oppose his numerous hordes to the gallant little band, which, having fulfilled its mission, re- turned whence it came. 1782. Surrender of Calicut. — After Major Abington had routed Hyder Ali’s army before Tellicherry on the 8th January, he completely demolished the works left by the late besiegers, and on the 12th appeared before the Fortress of Calicut with a detachment of his forces. Fie immediately opened a fire upon the place, and on the following day a shell having exploded the principal magazine of the fort, making a practicable breach, the Mysoreans waited not the assault but surrendered. 1810. — On the 13th January the captors of Booloe Comba re- pulsed a furious attack made on them by the natives. During the onset a soldier shot through the leg nearly fell into the hands of the enemy, but Lieut. Stewart stepped out from the ranks, threw the wounded soldier upon his back, and carried him to the rear. 1812. Convent of Santa Cruz. — In the prosecution of the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, by order of Lieut.-Gen. Graham, Capt. Laroche de Starkerfels and the 1st line bat. King’s German Le- gion, forming part of the 1st division of the army under Wel- lington, attacked and carried the Convent of Santa Cruz, thus se- curing the right flank of the be- sieging trenches. 1814. French driven from Merxem. — During a recon- noissance of Antwerp by the Prussians under Bulow and the British commanded by Gen. Sir Thos. Graham, the French were dislodged from the village of Merxem by Colonel M‘Leod’s brigade. A detachment of the 3rd bat. rifle corps, Capt. Ful- larton, the 2nd bat. 78th regt., Lieut.-Colonel Lindsay, the 2nd bat. 25th regt., Major McDonnell, and the 35th regt., Lieut.-Col. Elphinstone, all share in the ho- nour of the day. A bold charge with the bayonet by the 78th regiment was so effective that, though the French were in great force, they were quickly driven out of the village and into Antwerp, having suffered con- siderable loss. Col. M‘Leod was among the severely wounded in this affair. 1818. PlNDARREES DEFEATED. — Two of Holkar’s Pindarree chiefs, engaged in plundering and burning villages near Gungrain, were attached by a detachment of the Nagpore subsidiary force commanded by Major Clerke, 5th native cavalry, which regiment surprised and routed the enemy in great force, cutting down nearly 1000 men. 1819. — Major Duncan routed a body of Goands and Pindarrees in a valley near Bubye : these marauders were now nearly ex- tirpated from India. 1849. Battle of Chillian- wallaii. — The British army under Gen. Lord Gough was about to encamp near the village of Chillian wallah, at noon on 13th January, when the Sikhs in great force came forward in order of battle. Sir Walter Gilbert’s di- 14 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. January IS. vision formed the right, and that of Brigadier Campbell the left, each flanked hv brigades of ca- valry and horse artillery. The battle raged until night, when the Sikhs were completely routed, with the loss of many guns; and the number of slain was im- mense, . being computed at 3000, and 4000 wounded. On the part of the British, 26 officers and 730 rank and file killed, and 66 officers and 1446 rank and file wounded. January !£. 1671. — Early in January, Admiral Henry Morgan, with a small fleet, appeared off the river Chagre, having previously secured the castle at the entrance, as will be seen in our columns for Dec. Here several of his ships were wrecked by the violence of the weather ; but the crews being saved, he landed a detachment of troops and seamen about 1200 strong on the Isthmus of Darien, to attempt the capture of Panama. Marching first on the little town of Venta Cruz, on 14th January the advance-guard of the daring invaders, under Capt. Thomas Rogers, fell in with a body of Spaniards in a narrow pass -within two miles of the town, and com- pletely routed them. On the fol- lowing day Venta Cruz was occupied without opposition. 1812. — We have already re- corded the first success of the British arms before Ciudad Ro- drigo, when the redoubt of San Erancisco was stormed. Erom the 8th of January until the 11th the siege went on prosperously, the steady gallantry of the British troops being frequently brought into action by the determined defence of the Erench. Division after division laboured in the trenches : parallels were sunk and batteries constructed, under an almost continuous storm of shot and shell from the town. Little progress was now made until the night of the 13th, when, as re- lated in the preceding page, the Convent of Santa Cruz was carried and taken possession of. Lord Wellington, on account of the in- clement season of the year, and in order to cut short the detail of the siege, now determined to breach with his counter-batteries, and storm without blowing in the counterscarp ; he conse- quently armed his works with 28 heavy guns, and then con- tinued his approaches by the fly- ing safe. A sally of the besieged, which penetrated very nearly to the batteries before it was effec- tually repulsed, together with the heavy fire of the town, preventing the breaching-pieces from opening until late on the 14th. The scene of terrible warfare at this period of the siege cannot be more for- cibly described than in the words of Napier : — “ Then was beheld a spectacle, at once fearful and sublime; the enemy replied to their assailants’ fire with more than 50 pieces ; the bellowing of more than 80 large guns shook the ground far and wide; the smoke rushed in heavy volumes upon the battlements of the place, or curled in light wreaths about the numerous spires ; — the shells hissing through the air, seemed fiery serpents leaping from the darkness ; the walls crashed to the stroke of the bullet, and the dis- tant mountains faintly returning the sound appeared to moan over the falling city; and when night put an end to this turmoil the quick clatter of musketry was heard like the pattering of hail after a peal of thunder, — for the 40th regiment, forming part of the 4th division, then under com- January 15. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 15 maud of the Hon. C. Colville, assaulted and carried the Convent of San Francisco, and established itself in the suburb on the left of the attack.” January 15. 1706. Action near St. Es- tevan. — Colonel Wills, with English and Dutch troops of the confederate army, attacked by a far superior force near St. Este- van, Spain, commanded by the Chevalier D’Asfield, being the advanced guard of the French army. The enemy was repulsed and driven back upon the main body in great confusion. 1761. Surrender, of Pondi- cherry. — Pondicherry had been invested since September of the preceding year, and latterly the siege was vigorously pushed by Col. Eyre Coote. On the night of the 30th of December, the ele- ments had for a brief space of time suspended the operations of the siege ; a fearful hurricane drove several of the English blockading ships on shore and the rest to sea, flooding the coun- try, ruining the field-works, and undermining the batteries. On the 5th of January the redoubt of St. Thomas, mounting four 28- pounders, which was of great importance to the enemy, was attacked and carried without loss. It did not, however, remain long in our possession ; for at daybreak on the following morn- ing the post was retaken by 300 grenadiers. By the 12th the ten- gun battery was repaired, and kept up a brisk fire, which se- riously damaged the counter- guard and bastion, and breached the curtain. By the morning of the 15th, a battery of eleven guns and one of ten opened with such success that by eight o’clock the enemy’s fire was silenced. Never- theless, in' order to effect the more speedy demolition of the demi-bastion and ravelin of the Madras gate, Col. Coote com- menced a trench to contain the royal mortars and three guns. Pondicherry might have still held out for a month longer, had not famine been within the walls. The British squadron, under A dm. Stevens, being again in the offing, no supplies could be thrown into the devoted city; no relief was expected, all that re- mained of the French army was contained in that garrison. Daily was playing for the last stake of his country in India, and he knew that he had lost it. Battery after battery was silenced by the British fire ; his starving soldiers could hardly stand to their guns. It being therefore useless to pro- long the struggle, Pondicherry surrendered at discretion on the 15th of January, 1761. On the following day the wreck of the French forces, little more than 1000 veterans, worn by long marches, disease, and privations, grounded their arms at the feet of a generous enemy, who knew well how to honour the brave. The unhappy French general, re- turning to France, fell the victim of the wounded pride of his countrymen. He was made the scapegoat of an unpopular mi- nistry, and died the death of a common felon. 1761. Mogul Army defeated. — Major Carnac, with English and native forces, defeated the Mogul’s army under Shah Zad- da, supported by a small French force, near Gyah Maunpore. 1821. Capture of Buggree, a fort held by Meenah’s plunder- ers, Raj pool unah country, Col. Maxwell commanding the Ni- zam’s forces. 16 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 16 , 1821. Major Macdowall, Sil- lidar horse, routed Pindarrees near Oomurg, which village they had plundered. January 16. 1705. Attack on Gibraltar repulsed. — An attack by the Spanish besiegers on Gibraltar on the 11th of January having failed, the Round Tower was stormed by the enemy in the night of the 16th. This post was held but a short time ; for Col. Moncol, of Lord Barry- more’s regiment, coming to the rescue with 500 men, charged the Spaniards sword in hand, and repulsed them with loss. 1706. St. Estevan. — Lieut.- Gen. Cunningham having rein- forced Col. Wills after his success on the 15th of January, and taken the command, the Chev. D’As- field returned to the attack on the 1 6th, with the whole of his disposable force. The French met with a signal defeat ; but Cun- ningham fell mortally wounded. 1761. Fort of Gurdersberg surrendered to the Marquis of Granby. 1809. Battle of Coruna.— During the night of the 15th of January, Soult made preparation for giving battle, and with some difficulty established a battery of eleven guns on the rocks that formed the left of his position, which was not above 1200 yards from the right of the British line ; and, midway, the village of Elvina was held by our pickets. The enemy remaining quiet on the morning of the 1 6th, Moore made every preparation for embarking the army as soon as darkness would permit the troops to retire unperceived ; but about 2 o’clock in the afternoon a general move- ment along the French line gave intimation of the approaching battle. The British infantry, 14,500 strong, occupied the in- ferior range of hills, Baird’s di- vision forming the right. That under General Hope, crossing the main road, prolonged the line on the right, and occupied strong ground on the bank of the Mero river. The reserve was drawn up near the village of Airis, in the rear of the centre, whilst Fraser’s division remained on the heights close to Coruna. The French force is estimated at 20,000 men. Soult, having made his arrangements, opened a heavy fire from his battery on the left, and descended to the attack with three solid masses, preceded by a cloud of skirmishers. The Bri- tish pickets were driven back in disorder, and the village of Elvina carried by the leading column ; which dividing, one part fell on Baird’s division in front, the other turned his right by the valley. The second column bore upon the centre, whilst the third at- tacked the left by the village of Palavio Abaxo. The weight of Soult’s guns overmatched the English 6-pounders, and their shot swept the position to the centre. Sir John Moore, observ- ing that the enemy did not show any infantry beyond that which outflanked Baird’s right, ordered Gen. Paget, with the reserve, to turn the left of the French, and menace the great battery. Then, directing Fraser’s division to support Paget, he threw back the 4th regiment, which formed the right of Baird’s division, and with the 50th and 42nd regiments met the enemy, breaking through El- vina. The French were driven back with great loss, closely fol- lowed by the 50th, which pursued them beyond the village ; but the enemy being reinforced, renewed January 17. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 17 the fight in repassing the village. At this period Major Charles Napier, commanding the 50th, was wounded and taken prisoner, and Elvina became the scene of a second struggle. The 42nd regi- ment, which from some misap- prehension had fallen hack, now returned to the attack; and Gen. Paget, with the reserve, descend- ing the valley, vigorously checked the advance of the enemy in that quarter, whilst the 4th regiment galled their flank. The centre and left also became engaged ; Sir David Baird was severely wounded ; and a furious action ensued along the line, in the valley, and on the hills. Whilst Sir John Moore was earnestly watching the result of the conflict about Elvina, he was struck in the left breast by a cannon-shot, and thrown with violence from his horse. He rose in a sitting posture, his eye still fixed upon the troops engaged ; but in a few moments, when satisfied the Bri- tish were gaining ground, he suffered himself to be taken to the rear ; and the wound being considered fatal, the general consented to be conveyed to Coruna. In the meanwhile the British were rapidly gaining ground. The reserve turned the enemy’s left, and had even ap- proached their great battery. On their right some companies of the 14th regiment, under Col. Nicholls, carried the village of Palavio Abaxo, and in the centre the obstinately-contested village of Elvina was finally held by our troops ; so that, as the day closed, their line was con- siderably advanced beyond the original position of the morning, and the French were falling back in confusion. Sir John Hope, on whom, the command had de- volved, judged it prudent to pursue the original plan of em- barking the army during the night ; and this operation was effected without delay. The pick- ets, kindling a number of fires, covered the retreat of the co- lumns. and were themselves with- drawn at daybreak under the protection of Hill’s brigade, posted near the ramparts of the town. The loss of the British amounted to 900 men killed and wounded ; that of the French to above 2000. January 17. 1671. Capture of Panama. — Having on the 14th inst. intro- duced this expedition to the reader, it may be expected that an excuse should be offered for making mention of the exploits of Morgan the Buccaneer in the Calendar of Victory. In the 1 7th century, and especially in the American seas, war was a rude and most unli- censed game, and every nation in turn might be accused of foul- play. Morgan the Buccaneer, forgotten in “ Panama Morgan,” was knighted by Charles II., and was allowed to act at Lieut. - Governor of Jamaica. He was once sent for to England, that he might explain away certain charges against him, but the matter was never legally investi- gated, and so there is no plea for declaring that Morgan was not an accredited servant of the British crown. The Admiral, with Major-Gen. Morris, who com- manded the troops of the expe- dition, with a little army 1200 strong, appeared before Panama on the 16th of January. On the morning of the 17th they took up position on very advan- tageous ground, and shortly after being charged by 600 Spanish , horse, repulsed them. The enemy’s c 18 CALEKDAB OF YICTOEY. January 18 - cavalry wheeling off* to the right and left in some disorder, a body of infantry about 2000 strong advanced upon the little British phalanx, and were gallantly with- stood. This last attack was, ac- cording to one account, aided by extraordinary auxiliaries : — two droves of oxen, each 1500 strong, were driven on the flanks of the British rear; but men and cattle were all routed, and the whole army, seized with panic, fled to- ward the city, the streets of which were barricaded, and had 32 brass guns commanding the principal thoroughfares. Fortunately, the governor only thought of firing the town, that it might not be- come the spoil of the enemy, and blowing up the chief fort. The English speedily rushed into Panama, and gained possession of the market-place. Here they met with some resistance, and by the fire of the artillery lost 4 men, and had 5 wounded ; but by three o’clock in the afternoon Morgan had quiet possession of the town, — a writer in the Gentle- man’s Magazine for 1740 quaintly adds, “ although on fire.” The city burnt till midnight, despite the endeavours of the English to stop its progress ; the suburbs alone were saved from the con- flagration. Less treasure was discovered here then might have been expected, much silver and gold haring been shipped for Lima before the arrival of the invaders. 1818. Action near Mala- scnky. — By order of Brigadier- General Pitzler, Major Doveton, E.C.S., with a squadron of H.M.’s 22nd dragoons, two squadrons of the 7th Madras light cavalry, aided by a brigade of galloper- guns, under Major Cleaveland, did good service against the troops of the Ex-Peishwa Bajee Bow. Some brilliant charges were made upon three large bodies of Mah- rattas, which were utterly rout- ed, — several thousands of the ene- my flying so rapidly before 280 British swords that only fifty were slain. The pursuit led our troops nearly six miles from camp. January 18. 1806. Surrender of Cape of Good Hope. — The Batavian army under General Janssens, together with the whole settle- ment of the Cape of Good Hope, surrendered to Brigadier-Gen. Beresford and the British army, under Major-General Sir David Baird, at Hottentot Hollands Kloof. 1826. Storm of Bhurtpore. — On the 10th December, 1825, Lord Combermere appeared be- fore the walls of Bhurtpore with 20,000 men. The city stands in a plain begirt by an extensive forest ; a wall runs round the town, flanked at intervals by towers and bastions, but the cur- tains are low, while the bastions, by their circular form, stand ex- posed to the fire of a besieging artillery. The whole is surround- ed by a wide ditch To save the women and children from the horrors of a bombardment and of a siege, Lord Combermere pro- posed to Doorjan Sab safe con- duct for them through the British camp, but this humane proposal was not accepted by the usurper. On the 23rd the be- siegers completed their first pa- rallel at the distance of 800 yards from the fort, at the north-east an- gle of the works. On the 24th and the 25th batteries were brought to bear, and they having advanced to within 250 yards, the defences on the east side were in great January 1£>, CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 19 measure destroyed. The remain- der of December was employed in strengthening the advances, a constant fire being kept up against the town. By the 3rd January, 1826, the curtains were breached ; but such, however, was the tenacity of the tough mud walls, that they resisted shot better than masonry : recourse was therefore had to mining. Several mines were sprung with- out effect until the 16th, when it proved so successful that a breach was soon reported practicable. Early on the morning of the 18th the storming party established themselves in the advanced trenches. The left breach was to be mounted by the brigade un- der General Nicholls, headed by the 59th regiment ; that on the right by Gen. Reyneli’s brigade, headed by the 14th regiment. At 8 o’clock the mine under the north-east angle was exploded with terrific effect ; the whole of the salient angle and part of the stone cavalier in the rear were lifted into the air. The troops immediately mounted to the assault, and, spite of a deter- mined opposition, carried the breaches — the grenadiers moving up resolutely without drawing a trigger. For some time the enemy defended the breach, but, being at length compelled to give way, were closely pursued. In two hours the rampart sur- rounding the town, although de- fended at every gateway and bastion, and also the command of the gates of the citadel, were in possession of the assailants; and in the afternoon the citadel it- self surrendered. Brigadier-Gen. Sleigh, commanding the cavalry, being entrusted with a force to prevent the escape of the enemy, succeeded in securing Doorjan Sab, who, with his wife and two sons, escorted by 150 chosen horse, attempted to force a pas- sage through the 8th light ca- valry. The loss of the enemy is computed at 4000 killed. All the stores, arms, and ammunition fell into the possession of the victors. The fortifications were demo- lished. The Eulleh Bourg, or “Bastion of Victory,” built, as the Bhurtporeans vaunted, with the bones and blood of British soldiers who fell in the assault under Lord Lake, was laid low. The fort was in a complete state of ruin, open on every direction, and would require as much ex- pense to render it formidable as would raise another in a new po- sition. All the other fortresses in the rajah’s dominions imme- diately surrendered ; the inha- bitants returned to their abodes, and the rajah was reinstated in his authority. January 19. 1419, Surrender of Rouen. — Beleaguered since the begin- ning of September, and reduced to great straits, Rouen surrendered to Henry V. of England, who en- tered the city in triumph this day, 1809. — Major Hewitt, with 1st battalion 17 th regiment native infantry, and a few soldiers of H. M.’s 12th regiment, infantry, attacked on all sides of Cochin Travanese by large bodies of the enemy, gallantly repulsed them, 1 8 i 2. Capture of Ciudad Rodrigo. • — The siege of this for- tress had only lasted twelve days, when, on the 19th January, both breaches were declared practicable. The assault being determined upon, that operation, confided to the third and light divisions and Pack’s Portuguese, was organised in four parts. The right attack; the centre, or assault of the great 20 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 19. breach ; the left, which was to con- nect the left and centre attacks, whilst a storming party attempted the small breach; and a fourth corps, consisting of Pack’s Portu- guese, was to make a false attack, by an escalade on the St. Iago gate at the opposite side of the town. Five hundred volunteers, commanded by Major Manners of the 74th, with a forlorn hope under Lieut. Mackie, composed the storming party of the third division. Three hundred volun- teers, led by Major George Na- pier of the 52nd, with a forlorn hope of 25 men under Lieut. Gurwood, formed the storming party of the light division. All the troops gained their stations unperceived by the enemy ; and the moment the attack on the right had commenced it was taken up along the whole line. The storming parties of the third di- vision jumped out of the parallel when the first shout arose, but, be- fore they could reach the ditch, Ridge, Dunkin, and Campbell, with the 5th, 77th, and 94th regi- ments, were pushing up the great breach amidst the bursting of shells and showers of grape ; and although the French were driven, they ral- lied behind the retrenchments. Meanwhile the stormers of the light division, running swiftly to the glacis without waiting for the hay-bags, jumped down the scarp, a depth of 1 1 feet, and rushed up the fausse hr aye under a heavy fire ; and as they gained the breach, Major .Napier, though severely wounded, calling to his men to trust to their bayonets, all the officers simultaneously sprang to the front, the charge was renewed with a furious shout, and the en- trance was gained. The sup- porting regiments coming up in sections, reached the rampart ; the 52nd wheeled to the right, the 43rd to the left, and the place was won. During the contest, which only lasted a few minutes, after the fausse braye was passed, the fighting had continued at the great breach with unabated vio- lence, but on the arrival of the 43rd and the stormers of the light division, the French gave way, and at that moment, just as three wall magazines exploded, the third di- vision broke through the retrench- ments. The garrison still fought in the streets, but finally fled to the castle, where Lieut. Gurwood, who, though wounded, had been amongst the foremost at the lesser breach, received the governor’s sword. The assailants now en- tered the town from all sides, and the regiments throwing off all re- straint of discipline, committed frightful excesses. Three hundred French had fallen, and 1500 were made prisoners ; and, besides the immense stores of ammunition, above 150 pieces of artillery were captured in the place. The whole loss of the allies was about 90 of- ficers and 1200 rank and file ; and of these above 60 officers and 650 men had fallen at the breaches. Gens. Crawfurd and Mackinnon were killed ; Gen. Vandeleur and Col. Colbome were among the wounded. Un- happily, the slaughter did not end with the battle ; for the next day, as the prisoners and their escort were marching out by the breach, an explosion took place, and numbers were blown into the air. 1818. — A large body of Pin- darrees collected in the village of Mandapee, flying at the approach of a force under Major- Gen. Sir W. E. Keir, their rear was over- taken and many slain. 1826. Stockades at Mal- loone carried. — Negotiations for peace, opened on the 1st inst., having failed, the British troops January 20. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 21 embarked in boats on the Irra- waddy, this day, nnder coyer of a heavy cannonade, to attack Mal- loone. H.M.’s 13th and 38th re- giments, forming the 1st Bengal brigade, carried by the current to its appointed landing-place before the other brigades, landed steadily, formed, and, without waiting for support, took the principal stock- ades by escalade. Sale, the hero of Jellalabad, was wounded in the boats, and Lieut.-Col. Prith, se- cond in command, led the bri- gade. This discomfiture of nearly 15,000 men by two British regi- ments was completed by the other brigades falling on the enemy in their retreat. 1839. Reduction of Aden. — The fortress of Aden at the mouth of the Red Sea was taken by a conjoint expedition : the Indian army, native and European, com- manded by Major Bailie, the squa- dron by Capt. Henry Smith (a.) H. M.’s S. Volage. The Arab defenders showed some fight, but were overcome by the steady gal- lantry of our countrymen. January 20. 1690. Attack on St. Mar- tin’s The English and French colonists in the West Indies had anticipated the declaration of war by the mother countries for more than a twelvemonth, but the landing of our countrymen on the Island of St. Martin was a legalised procedure, war having been declared in 1689. On 20th January, in the following year, Major- Gen. Sir Timothy Thorn- hill, in command of an expedition fitted out from the Island of St. Bartholomew, under cover of a false attack on the weather side of the island, landed to leeward without opposition. After march- ing about two miles into the country, the English came in sight of a strong force, drawn up in order of battle ; but the French- men who composed it were not in a fighting humour, for they retreated before the invaders, throwing salt and tobacco into the tanks to render the water unfit for use. Sir Timothy Thorn- hill did not follow upon their rear, but made dispositions to occupy the plain which the enemy had abandoned. A discharge of musketry from some wooded heights near at hand attracting his attention, he directed Major John Stanley, with a scouring party, to dislodge the enemy. This he accomplished, driving the French from two strong breast- works among the hills. The position of his little army being thus secured, the major-general encamped for the night. 1807. Capture of Monte Video. — A squadron under Rear- Adm. Stirling, conveying troops under Brigadier- General Auch- muty, having anchored in the river De la Plata, the expedi- tion landed unopposed on the 18th January, in a small bay about nine miles from the town. Here a strong position was taken up, slightly cannonaded by the enemy that evening. The next day the British force advanced towards Monte Video, and was received by a heavy fire from the Spaniards, who appeared in great strength, till obliged to re- treat by the light battalion under Lieut.-Col. Brownrigg. The in- vaders then took up a position about two miles from the citadel, and the next morning, the 20th, the whole force of *the enemy, 6000 strong, approached from the town to oppose little more than 4000 English. The attack was made by the Spanish army in two columns. The first of 22 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. January 21. these, composed of infantry, being a little in advance, pressed severely upon an out-picket ; but being speedily supported by some com- panies of the 40th regiment un- der Major Campbell, they attacked the enemy with such resolution that they were compelled to give way with a heavy loss of men, and were finally routed by the British light infantry. The other co- lumn, consisting of cavalry, in- stead of coming to the rescue of their comrades, retired from the field with the utmost despatch. The English were thus enabled, without further opposition, to commence the siege of the city of Monte Video. 1818. The strong fortress of Kurnella, India, was taken posses- sion of by Lieut.-Col. D. Brother. January 21. 1759. Sortie prom Madras. — During the siege of Madras by the Erench under Lally, the English made frequent sorties from the garrison : one of the most daring took place on the 21st January. At six o’clock in the evening, on that day, a ser- geant and ten men went out of a sallyport in the east curtain, and an officer with 20 men by the barrier on the north-east angle of the covered way, followed by the same number of pioneers. These parties made a simultane- ous dash at the second crotchet of the besiegers, about 30 yards from the foot of the glacis, took its defenders by surprise, and drove them out of the work. This the British retained posses- sion of full ten minutes, during which time they destroyed the gabions and all the materials collected for raising a battery. They then slowly retired under cover of a tremendous fire from | the batteries of the fort, and re- entered the town. 1781. Carrangooly stormed. — After the battle of Conjeveram, when the wreck of the heroic little band of native and Euro- pean troops under Col. Baillie surrendered prisoners of war to Hyder Ali and his Erench allies, Gen. Sir Hector Munro withdrew his army into the neighbourhood of Madras, while Hyder ravaged the country, took Arcot from our ally the Nabob, and many other of his fortresses; but now the tyrant of Mysore trembled for his conquests. Sir Eyre Coote, sent to the succour of the Madras presidency from Calcutta, was in the field; and though his army, as compared in numbers to Hyder Ali’s countless hordes, was as the hunter to the wild beasts of the forest, confidence in their general gave strength and courage to his ranks, and the career of victory speedily commenced. Sir Eyre Coote advancing to the relief of Wandewash, then besieged by Hyder Ali, detached, on the night of the 20th January, a force 1000 strong, to attack Carrangooly ; and on the morning of the 21st the place was gallantly carried by storm. 1818. The fort of Soony, to the south of Hoosingabad, held by insurgents, having been bom- barded by a force under Major MTherson, during the 21st, to- wards nightfall, the enemy began to abandon it in detached parties. One of these was charged upon and routed by a body of horse, under Lieut Macqueen, while the fort was taken possession of by Major MTherson. 1819. Action under the Walls op Omeerkan, India. — Captain St. Leger, with a small detachment, attacked and de- feated Nowsajee Naik and nearly January 22. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 23 2000 followers, horse and foot, under the walls of Omeerkan. January 22. 1760. Battle of Wandewash. • — Colonel Eyre Coote, at Outre- maloor, on 21st January, receiv- ing advice that the French army under General Lally had effect- ed a practicable breach in the fort of Wandewash, resolved to make an effort to raise the siege on the following day. At 6 o’clock on the 22nd, the whole army, consisting of 1700 Euro- peans, inclusive of artillery and cavalry, and 3500 Madagascar Caffre troops, was in motion. About 7, the advanced pickets were engaged. The cavalry hav- ing formed in order of battle, supported by 5 companies of se- poys and 2 guns, Colonel Coote advanced with 2 companies of sepoys, compelling the enemy to fall back on their main body of horse, consisting of 200 Euro- peans, with 3000 Mahrattas on the left. The enemy retreated in pretty good order, until a fire was opened by our artillery, which did such execution that they fled with great precipitation. Coote having brought up his whole force, the two armies ad- vanced with much gallantry. Finding that the enemy’s cavalry •were making dispositions to at- tack his left, the British com- mander placed 2 pieces of can- non, supported by some com- panies of sepoys, in rear of his horse. By this means, when their cavalry advanced resolutely, the English opened to the right and left, thus exposing the enemy to the fire of grape, while their flank was galled with musketry. Our horse then charged them in front with such impetuosity that they were thrown back in con- fusion, pursued by our whole force. This French army, con- sisting of 2200 Europeans, 300 Caffres, and above 9000 black troops, with 25 pieces of cannon, formed in order of battle, became generally engaged with the Bri- tish about 1 o’clock, when 5 of their guns were disabled by the explosion of a tumbril. Major Brereton, commanding Draper’s regiment, availing himself of this accident, charged their left flank with such resolution that did him honour, and paved the way to victory, which declared in our favour about 2 o’clock. The enemy’s whole army then gave way, leaving all their artillery, except 3 small field-pieces, in the hands of the victors. The French had 800 killed and wounded, and 240 were made prisoners. On the part of the English, only 52 were killed, and 141 wounded, including among the latter the gallant Major Brereton, mortally. 1813. Action at Riviere au Raisin. — Brigadier- Gen. Win- chester, with the right wing of General Harrison’s army, above 1000 strong, on the march to attack fort Detroit, took posses- sion of French Town, on the Riviere au Raisin, from a small militia force, which did its best to defend the post. Col. Proctor, commanding the Michigan Ter- ritory, immediately marched with a sort of military posse ccnni - tatus, gathered on the approach of the Americans, consisting of detachments of the 10th veterans and 41st regiment, with about 600 Indians ; altogether a force 1100 strong. The Americans were attacked at break of day, on the 22nd of January, in the enclosures of French Town, which they bravely defended, the action being well maintained on both 24 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 23. sides. Twenty-four non-commis- sioned officers, privates, and sea- men of the British were killed, 12 officers and 146 non-commission- ed officers, privates, and seamen wounded. The loss of the Ame- ricans was far more severe, and at length about one half of their force surrendered. The remainder, while attempting to effect their retreat, were almost exterminated by the Indians. Brigadier- Gen. Winchester, taken by a Wyandot chief, was surrendered to Col. Proctor, together with such of the enemy as had received quarter from the Indians. January 23. 1597. Action of Turnhout. — This action, in which the En- glish were highly instrumental in aiding the Dutch in its successful result, arose out of the inveterate hatred of the Romish Church in Spain against protestant England. Whenever Philip II. considered himself sufficiently powerful for the undertaking, he was plan- ning an expedition against this country, and it was Queen Eliza- beth’s policy to aid any power that would oppose him and over- throw his machinations. In the year 1585 the Queen of England, though she refused the sovereignty of the confederate provinces of the Netherlands, had agreed to assist them in throwing off the yoke of Spain, but she was to be repaid all expenses at the end of the war; and, from the landing of the Earl of Leicester’s expedi- tion in 1586 up to the present date, English troops were always engaged with the Dutch against the Spaniards. A strong body of English infantry under Sir F. Vere, and about 100 horse com- manded by Sir Robert Sydney, were -with the Flemish troops, which, led by Prince Maurice of Nassau, advanced from Gertree Denburg towards Turnhout, a town of Brabant, near Antwerp, then held by the Spaniards. The advance, which was intended as a surprise, took place early in the morning of the 23rd ; but the Spaniards had heard of the pro- posed attack, and were in full retreat. Their rear-guard was overtaken by the van of the allies, consisting of Prince Mau- rice’s guards and the English carabiniers, who immediately en- gaged the enemy in a narrow road, through which they drove them, until both parties debouched on an open heath, the rear-guard of the Spaniards now forming a support for the main body. Prince Maurice, with considerable rein- forcement, had also come up, and the action became general, ending in the utter discomfiture of the Spaniards and their Nea- politan allies. The number slain of the enemy was very great, and 3000 prisoners and many stands of colours were taken. The En- glish so eminently distinguished themselves as to call forth the praise of Prince Maurice, and it is generally understood that to their determined gallantry the suc- cess of the day was chiefly owing. 1690. — The English, whose landing at St. Martin’s we have already related among our vic- tories for the 20th inst., gained possession of the principal inland fortress of the island, on the 23rd, and earned a breastwork on the coast. They might now fairly have considered themselves in possession of the island, for their march in every direction was un- opposed. Thus matters remained until the arrival of a squadron under Du Casse, which anchored to windward on the 20th, and that night landed troops to the January 24. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 25 assistance of the inhabitants, and changed the face of affairs; but Thornhill remained perfectly self- possessed in this strait. He meant not to keep possession of the island, for he had already, on the appearance of Du Casse, sent to Antigua for ships, to make good his departure with the plunder he had collected ; and he now fortified his camp the best way he could, and without fear awaited the result. January 24. 1759. Landing at Bassterre. — The expedition under Major- General Hopson against Guada- loupe, already referred to in the Naval page of 23rd January, ef- fected a landing on the 24th, and took possession of the burn- ing town, which the garrison, composed of French and armed negroes, *had abandoned; but the latter still holding a post about a mile from the place, it was gal- lantly carried by the 3rd regt. The general learning from a de- serter that a train was laid to the magazine in the citadel, which a negro, properly instructed, was about to fire, the train was cut off, and the magazine secured. 1762. Assault of Morne Tortenson. — In our Calendar for the 16th instant will be found briefly recorded the landing of the British forces at Martinique. The expedition had arrived off the coast early in the month, and several attempts to land and maintain a footing on the island had been unsuccessful until the above-mentioned date. On the 1 6th, the debarcation was effected at Cas de Navire. The British fleet having silenced the batteries and covered the landing, it was now necessary to carry the strongly fortified heights of Tortenson and Gamier. General Monckton’s first care was to throw up works for the protection and support of his men ; and when these were completed, under fire of their guns the troops advanced to the attack of Morne Tortenson, at daylight on the 24th January. The grena- diers under Brigadier- Gen. Grant first encountered the enemy, driv- ing in the outposts. The brigade of Gen. Rufaue, strengthened by the marines, carried the redoubts along the coasfr, whilst the brigade of Gen. Walsh, supported by the light infantry under Lieut.-Col. Scott, succeeded in outflanking the enemy’s left. The enemy’s works were now successively at- tacked, and by 9 o’clock our troops were in possession of all their posts, and the strong position of Morne Tortenson. The French retired in the greatest confusion to the town of Fort Royal and to Morne Gamier, the latter situated on a hill higher than the Morne Tortenson, and separated from it by a deep ravine. Meanwhile the brigade of Gen. Haviland, and two battalions of Highlanders with a corps of light infantry under Major Leland, crossed the ravine, and drove the enemy from the several opposite heights. On the cannon-mounted redoubts of Morne Tortenson, the crags, ra- vines, and gullies, which were in themselves fortifications, now waved the flag of England. 1817. PlNDARREES ROUTED. Capt. Caulfield, with a squadron of 5th regt. native cavalry, came up with a large body of Pin- darrees, proceeding toward Cow- reeah on their route to the country about Rainpoor. He attacked the enemy so vigorously that 400 were killed and wounded, and secured plunder to the amount of 6000 rupees. 26 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 26. January 25. 1759. Sortie fro3i Madras. — This sortie was one of the most successful during the siege of Madras by Lally. The sallying party held possession of a portion of the besiegers’ works for twenty minutes, destroying their gabions and other materials for carrying on the siege; and then steadily retired, receiving and returning fire. They had 4 men killed ; Capt. Black, who commanded, and Lieut. Fitzpatrick, and 6 men wounded. 1783. Ghurry Ghaut. — In our record, 5th January, we men- tioned the first important success of Gen. Mathews, on the Ma- labar coast in 1783 — the taking of Onore. We enter not into party questions of the last cen- tury, whether Gen. Mathews was properly supported by the then governor and council, to effect the conquests which he gained, or whether, after having obtained those successes, he had fair-play shown him in being su- perseded, upon an exparte state- ment made against him. With a force numerically inadequate to the service, having a wretchedly supplied commissariat, and lack- ing ammunition till he won it from the enemy at the point of the bayonet, he fought his way, from the coast at Cundapoor to the summit of the Hussenghurry Ghaut, and thence compelled Bednore to capitulate. We merely observe that, on the 25th of Ja- nuary, during the approach of Gen. Mathews from the coast to this very strong position, with an army of 12,000 Europeans, eight battalions of sepoys, and artillery, he was harassed by a much larger force of the enemy, which, fortunately for the general, had not the courage to place themselves between the British troops and the ghaut. Their op- position to his march only showed itself in a series of attacks on his rear and flanks, that led to re- peated skirmishes, in which the British were uniformly successful ; and they steadily, but slowly, ad- vanced towards the foot of the mountain. 1818. Attack on Pindarrees. — The treaty of peace between Mulkar Rao Holkar and the British at the commencement of this year did not, as a necessary consequence, give peace to the Deccan. Among the wild spirits that had to be tamed were the Pindarrees. A strong party of these Oriental brigands was attacked by Col. Heath at Ivurroad, with 800 men, detachments from the Madras European regiment, 7th native infantry, and other corps, aided by the Silidar horse. The Pindarree chief Cheetoo was here completelyrouted, abandoning his elephants, camels, and horses to the victors. 1838. — The Thakoor of Goora having plundered the village of Kehrana in Shekawuttee, then under British protection, Major Forster, E. I. C. Sendee, with a small native force, commanded by British officers, attacked the stronghold of the chief in Toor- wuttee. Its defenders being driven from every fastness, the citadel of the fortress was at length stormed; and the garrison being utterly dispersed, Major Forster took possession of one of the strongest hill forts in that district. January 26. 1563. Skirmish near Mon- deuille. — This engagement was one of those affairs in which the French protestants were success- January 27. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 27 fully assisted by the English against the troops of the Duke de Guise, commanding for the Queen Regent of France. Six thousand English foot-soldiers of Elizabeth had landed the Sep- tember of the previous year in Nor- mandy : one division, under Sir Adrian Poynings, had added to the strength of Dieppe garrison, then held by the Huguenots ; the other, under the immediate com- mand of the Earl of Warwick, general of the whole force, gar- risoned Havre de Grace, of which strong seaport the earl was made governor, according to Elizabeth’s treaty with the Hu- guenots. It would appear that the English did not entirely confine themselves to these fortresses, as they shared in several of the en- counters between the Huguenot and Roman Catholic French troops, previous to the death of the Duke de Guise. These un- grateful co-religionists of Protes- tant England during this year made peace for themselves with Charles IX. of France, and then aided him in bringing the En- glish garrison of Havre de Grace into subjection. 1793. Action at Ghurry Ghauts. — Continuously as the march of the British forces to- wards the Hussenghurry Ghauts had been disputed, as already re- lated in our record for Jan. 25th, when they drew near these fast- nesses the enemy had resolved upon more determined resistance. On the 26th the advance of Gen. Mathews was opposed by two breastworks, within a few paces of each other, formed by felled trees, and defended by full 2000 men. The brushwood on either side the road was also oc- cupied by the enemy, who, feeling secure in their position, seemed to await our attack with consider- able boldness. The 4-2nd regi- ment of Highlanders, however, supported by a battalion of se- poys, gallantly carried these works at the point of the bayonet. The defenders were not prepared for the sudden dash of our troops, who were among them before they had time to deliver their fire. Those that did not immediately fly were bayoneted, while the fugitives were pursued by the Highlanders, who fought hand to hand with them in the jungle. The claymore did fearful havoc, and the clansmen of the bold 42nd did not spare their antago- nists. The wildness of the war- fare was congenial to them, and, after slaying several hundreds in the assault and pursuit, they chased the remainder to the foot of the ghauts. Here they took shelter from their pursuers behind a formidable looking work, which had the appearance of a regular fort. It mounted 15 guns, had flanking walls, and promised to give the British general some trouble. The main body of the army soon reached this new ob- stacle to further advance to the ghaut, and during the night preparations were made to attack the fort on the morrow. It was then discovered that the supposed fortress was a battery entirely open in the rear, and that it had been abandoned during the night by the enemy ; so that nothing now opposed the march of the British army into the mountains. January 27. 1762. MorneGarnier taken. — After the success of the 24th January, Gen. Monckton began to erect batteries on Morne Tortenson, for the reduction of the citadel of Fort Royal ; but the ground occupied by the En- 28 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 28. glish being much exposed to the fire of Morne Gamier, the work- ing parties were greatly annoyed, and some lives lost. Thus si- tuated, the general commenced batteries facing those of the ene- my, and the ravine between the two heights became equally com- manded by the guns of both. The French, anticipating that an at- tack was now intended upon Morne Gamier, attempted, by a sudden and desperate assault, on the evening of the 27th, to storm the newly erected batteries, while they were yet in an unfinished state. Rushing down into the ravine, they mounted the oppo- site side, under cover of a heavy fire from their works, and threw themselves, with more energy than discipline, upon Gen. Havi- land’s brigade, which, strengthen- ed by two corps of light infantry, held the new batteries. Here they were received with the utmost steadiness, and vigorously re- pulsed. Their confused retreat was closely followed up, and the contending parties crossed the ravine in desperate conflict. The English stopped not here, but ascended even to the enemy’s batteries, of which they took possession, the French never at- tempting to rally in their own works. Quickly reinforced by General Walsh’s brigade and the British grenadiers, who had marched to his support, Briga- dier-General Haviland took up a permanent position upon the heights so happily gained. And to complete the good fortune of the night, for the sun had now set, a corps of light infantry moving up to the left of Morne Gamier, finding no resistance to its progress, seized upon the grand redoubt which the enemy in alarm had abandoned, with the excep- tion of a few grenadiers who were taken prisoners. The regular troops having made the best of their way into the town of Fort Royal, the militia-men had at once disbanded themselves, and dispersed into the country. A loaded mortar, nine unspiked guns, and a plentiful supply of provision, both for the mouths of the cannon and the ab- sconded bombardiers, which no attempt had been made to de- stroy, proved the hurry of their flight. The next morning the guns of Morne Gamier were turned by the victorious party against Fort Royal. 1783. Assault of Hyder- ghur. — The British forces under Gen. Mathews continued their successful career in the Hussen- ghurry Ghauts. Having taken possession of the first battery, or armed barrier, a similar one near it was found equally undefended ; but, after advancing two miles further up the hills, it was disco- vered that the retreating enemy had rallied, and held possession of a strong work, behind which a succession of barriers and batte- ries reached to the principal fort at the summit of the ghaut, called Hyderghur. From this post, de- fended by 25 pieces of can- non, General Mathews with his little army succeeded in driving the enemy, and finally carried Hyderghur by assault, the whole day’s fighting only costing him 50 men in killed and wounded. January 28. 1846. Battle of Aliwal.— Major-Gen. Sir Harry Smith was detached in the early part of Ja- nuary, to reduce Dhurmkote, and keep open the communication for supplies and ammunition from our rear, and being reinforced, his army amounted to 7000 January 28. CALENDAR OF VICTORY 29 men and 24 guns. Dhurmkote was evacuated on the approach of the British, and Sir Harry- moved into Loodiana, where, af- ter sustaining the loss of a great portion of the baggage, the troops arrived much harassed. The Sirdar Runjoor Singh had strongly intrenched himself at Aliwal, about eight miles to the westward of Loodiana, with 15,000 men and 56 guns, and on the 26th he received a rein- forcement of 12 guns and 4000 regular troops ; their right rested on Bundree, and their left on Aliwal. Sir Harry then moved forward to give battle with a force not exceeding 12,000 men and 32 guns. On arriving with- in the distance of 150 yards, the enemy opened a fierce can- nonade from right to left. The line having halted a short time, Brigadier- Generals Godby and Hicks made a rapid and decisive charge, carried the village of Aliwal, and captured 2 guns. The whole of the British then moved forward, and, after various skilful manoeuvres, compelled the Sikhs to retire upon the Sutledge. Here they were gallantly follow- ed, and a large body of infantry driven at the point of the bayonet, by the 53rd regiment, out of the village of Bundree. So ably were the orders of attack con- ducted, each column arriving at its destination to the very mo- ment, that the enemy were soon driven in great confusion back over the river, and all the Sikh guns were captured or destroyed. Only one gun was carried by the Sikhs to the opposite bank, and there it was spiked by Lieut. Holmes of the irregular cavalry. The vic- tory was now complete : all the forts on the left bank surrender- ed, camp-carriages, munitions of war, and in fact all that Runjoor Singh had brought with him, fell into our hands. The total loss of the British in these suc- cessful operations amounted to 151 killed and 413 wounded. The Sikhs lost nearly 6000 killed or drowned in attempting to cross the Sutledge. 1753. Attack on Convoy re- pulsed. — On 28th January, a body of Mahratta horsemen made some desperate charges upon the British troops proceeding from Fort St. David’s to the army; but so vigorously were they repulsed, that on the return of the convoy with the supplies they had not the temerity to dispute the way. 1783. Surrender of Bed- nore. — The triumph of the British arms in storming the Hussenghurry Ghauts was this day crowned by the surrender of the capital of the province. When Hyderghur was carried the pre- ceding day, Gen. Mathews had yet the principal object of the expedition to effect ; Hydernu- gur or Bednore, about fourteen miles distant, was still to be won. Against this fortress a division of the forces, not more than 360 Europeans and 600 sepoys, advanced, the main body of the army being still in the ghauts. The general undauntedly led on his men, though they had not even a single field-piece to support them, and only six rounds of ammuni- tion in their pouches. The dis- comfited chief, Hyat Saheb, when the ghauts were in the possession of the English, had retired upon Bednore, determined to make a bold stand against his invaders. He here found himself abandoned by the greater portion of the nu- merous army, which had before surrendered to him. Panic-struck by the daring gallantry of the British, his warriors cared not again to face such antagonists. 30 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 29 He had only 1500 men to shut up with him in Bednore, and of these 350 could little be depended upon, having been once in the British service — sepoys taken by Hyder Ali in the Coromandel, and forced into his ranks. Thus situated, Hyat Saheb struck off the irons of an English prisoner, Capt. Donald Campbell, and des- patched him to treat for terms, offering the surrender of the whole province to the East India Company, only praying he might retain his government. With these conditions Gen. Mathews complied, and on the 28th Ja- nuary, 1783, the British troops marched into Bednore, having achieved an important conquest under circumstances of extraor- dinary difficulty. January 29. 1760. Surrender of Chitta- pett. — After the decisive action at Wandewash, Col. Coote waited but to secure his conquest of that city, by strengthening its fortifi- cations, and then moved forward to the town of Chittapett, through which the French had passed in great disorder on their route to Pondicherry. On the 28th of January this fortress was invested and a battery erected, which, opening its fire at daybreak the next morning, had before noon nearly effected a breach in the walls of the town. The Cheva- lier de Tilly, who commanded the garrison, considering that he had saved his honour by this re- sistance, beat parley and surren- dered. Four officers, 127 Euro- peans, and 300 sepoys, were made prisoners, many of whom were in the hospitals, being wounded men left behind in the retreat of the French army. Nine guns, 300 stand of arms, and a large quan- tity of ammunition, also fell into the hands of the captors. 1813. Capitulation of La- gosta. — Lieut.-Col. Robertson, commanding the Island of Lissa, in the Gulf of Venice, on the coast of Dalmatia, then in pos- session of the English, on re- ceiving information that several merchant vessels had been cap- tured and carried into port at the neighbouring island of La- gosta, which was held by the French, embarked 300 men in H. M.’s frigate Apollo, Captain Taylor, and on the 21st of Ja- nuary effected a landing on that island. With his little force, con- sisting of detachments of the 35th regiment, Calabrese free corps, marines, and seamen, he imme- diately marched to attack the enemy’s principal fort, and was received by a well-directed fire of shot and shell. Considering it not practicable to carry the place by a coup de main , the lieut.-coL, placing his men out of danger, commenced preparations for a siege. Between this period and the 29th little was done ex- cept spiking the guns of one of the enemy’s lower batteries and the destruction of a magazine of provisions -within musket shot of the fort, by a detachment under the command of Capt. May, 35th regiment, the seamen being led by Lieut. Bowen, 1st Lieut, of H.M’s.S. Apollo. On the 29th, in- formation having reached that a French force from the port of Ragusa v r as about to reinforce Lagosta, favourable terms were proposed to the garrison, which being readily aecepted, the fort and island surrendered to the British. 1818. Storm of Juwud. — Capt. Caulfield, detached from a field force w r ith a party of European and native troops, being in search January 30. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 31 of certain chiefs, allies of the Pin- darrees sheltered in Juwud, was fired upon from that fortress. He immediately drove a body of the enemy assembled under the walls into the fort. Then, blowing open the gates, entered the town, and, being fired upon, he carried the place by storm, slaying nearly 1000 of the enemy, with but little loss on our side. January 30. 1760. Wandewash. — After the battle of Wandewash, Capt. Smith, with a detachment of the 1 st (Madras European) regiment, was sent to cut off any straggling parties of the French which might be endeavouring to make their way to and from the for- tresses yet in their possession. It was not until he commenced his return that he met with any success. He then intercepted a small detachment, consisting of 10 Europeans and 50 sepoys, with two brass 8 -pounder field- pieces, under the command of a captain of the Lorrain regiment, from Arcot, proceeding to Gin- gee. They were taken completely by surprise, and, making but a slight resistance, they speedily surrendered. On the following day Captain Smith, with his prisoners, rejoined Col. Coote at Arnee. 1809. Landing at Marti- nique. — A proclamation having been previously sent on shore, advising the inhabitants of the Island of Martinique to save themselves, by immediate sub- mission, from the disasters that might arise from fruitless resist- ance, a British army of 10,000 men, under Major-General Beck- with, landed from a fleet under the command of Rear-Admiral Alexander Cochrane, on the 30th of January. The first division, under the Commander-in-chief, disembarked in Bay Robert, and the second division, under Major- Gen. Maitland, at St. Lucie. Meanwhile 600 men of the Royal York Rangers, under Major Henderson, pushed on shore at Point Soloman, and occupied the commanding posts for the in- vestment of Pigeon Island. Thus successfully commenced an enter- prise that terminated in the com- plete subjugation of Martinique. 1842. Jellalabad. — Lieut. Mayne, of the Shah Soojah’s cavalry, is honourably mentioned in General Sale’s despatches, as having, in the successful com- mand of a foraging party on the 30th and 31st of January, made gallant captures of cattle and sheep for the relief of the garrison of Jellalabad, in the midst of the numerous hordes of Affghans which surrounded that appa- rently devoted fortress. These captives of his own good sword were far more welcome to the garrison than if he had brought in a hundred of the enemy. Only those situated as the gene- ral’s little force then was — ill provisioned, cut off from succour, and holding a few half-ruined walls in the midst of an enemy’s country — can justly estimate the value of the service rendered by Lieut. Mayne in the face of many thousands of Affghans. January 31. 1690. Island of St. Martin. — In relating the success of the British at St. Martin’s on the 23rd of January, we incidentally mentioned the position in which the appearance of a French squadron had afterwards placed the hitherto victorious expedition. Major-Gen. Sir Timothy Thorn- 32 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 1. hill remained from that date to the present undisturbed in his encampment ; for, though the enemy’s squadron, reinforced since its first appearance, had landed a body of troops, which made the French numerically strong enough to compete with the English, they dared not assault the major-general’s po- sition. On the 30th the expected succour appeared in the offing, which proved to be a British squadron from Antigua. Upon this the French quitted the an- chorage, and, keeping at a re- spectful distance, watched the proceedings they had failed in preventing, whilst the English ships stood into the bay. The major-general immediately em- barked his plunder, artillery, and military stores, and, leisurely withdrawing his outposts, was about to abandon his position on the plains, when the French, taking courage, vigorously at- tacked him. Although deprived of his field-pieces, his brave troops nobly repelled their as- sailants, driving them completely out of the plain into the woods with great slaughter. The En- glish lost but 10 men, killed, and had 3 taken prisoners. Af- ter this complete discomfiture of the enemy, the British general marched his little army in tri- umph to the beach, and embarked without the slightest molestation. 1819. Storm of Fort No- wah. — Major Pitman, command- ing the Nizam’s regular cavalry, was ordered to proceed against the fortress of Nowah, belonging to a notorious predatory chief in Berar. The siege proceeded from the 8th to the 31st of January. On that day, at 3 o’clock p. m., a mine was sprung, which blew in the counter-scarp ; and a storm- ing party, under Captain Hare, rushed to the assault, and speed- ily carried the fortress. Most of the troops in the garrison were Arabs, a great number of whom made a desperate sally to gain the open country. For this the besiegers were prepared ; and a detachment of the Nizam’s horse charged the flying enemy, with great slaughter. The de- fenders of Nowah had often refused to treat, though fair terms were offered to them ; and as they had slain many of our men in their sorties, little mercy was shown them. Not a British of- ficer was killed during the siege, but several were wounded. February 1. 1760. Surrender of Timery. — On the 1st of February the French surrendered Timery to the English, it having been in- vested since the 29 th ultimo. This was one of the many suc- cesses of the British arms which followed the battle of Vfandewash. 1781. M‘Cowan’s Ford. — The Americans under General Morgan having retired on the northern fork and occupied the fords of the Catawba river, the British, under Gen. Lord Corn- wallis, collected all their force on the southern branch. Putting themselves in light marching order, they destroyed the greater portion of the enemy’s baggage, and all their waggons, except those carrying hospital stores, salt, and ammunition, reserving four only for their wounded and sick. These preparations com- pleted for an active campaign, on the morning of the 1st of Feb. the British army advanced to- wards the passage of the river northward. A demonstration was made by a division under February 1 . CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 33 Lieut.-Col. Webster, as though his intention was to pass the river at Beattie’s Ford, six miles above M‘Cowan’s, the one least de- fended, and which was the real object of attack. Lord Corn- wallis, commanding the other division of the army in person, advanced on Cowan’s Ford before daylight. The morning was dark and rainy, and the way through woods and swamps. In one of these was lost a field-piece ; and this casualty delaying the artil- lerymen, when the head of the British column reached the banks of the river at dawn of day the only remaining gun was without men to serve it. The brigade of guards under Brig.-Gen. O’Hara were now ordered to advance upon the enemy, who commanded the whole breadth of the ford, which was 500 feet wide, and opened a determined fire on our troops, who were frequently up to their middle in water. Still they moved forward without firing a single shot until the op- posite bank was gained. The light infantry then forming, and being well supported by grenadiers and battalion companies, they amply made up for their former silence. The enemy fled in every direc- tion, the passage of the river was effected, and Lieut.-Col. Webster, about the same time, changed his demonstration into a real passage of the stream. The Ame- ricans in no place stood their ground; and Colonel Tarleton hearing, while he was in pursuit of the enemy, that three or four hundred militia were to assemble at Tarrank’s House, about four miles from the ford, pushed for- ward with a body of cavalry, and entirely routed them. 1809. Action of Surirey. — At the reduction of Martinique, the army being under the com- mand of Lieut.-Gen. Beckwith, the French were attacked on the 1st February by the British troops under the immediate di- rection of Lieut.-Gen. Sir George Prevost. The action commenced in an advance upon the enemy, strongly posted at Morne Brun, where the principal success of our arms was gained. The enemy were driven hence, suffering great loss, as Gen. Beckwith states in orders, “even to the heights of Surirey.” Here, it would ap- pear, they made a stand, and the next, day repulsed our troops in two impetuous attacks ; but, un- able to withstand the determined gallantry of the British, and ap- prehending another attack at daybreak, they evacuated the works during the night of the 2nd inst. February 2. 1794. — The island of St Do- mingo speedily reaped the fruits of the French Revolution. The mulattoes, claiming fraternity with the whites, who had ob- tained colonial representation, rose in arms, and although over- powered, they succeeded in ob- taining their asserted rights from the Republican Government. This act of the mother country the whites refusing to ratify, the mulattoes again had recourse to arms, and were now aided by a revolt of the negroes. Thus civil war was raging in St. Domingo, covertly encouraged by the go- vernment at home, which, though it speedily rescinded its act of grace to the mulattoes, rejoiced to see them vent their rage on the royalist whites, supposed to be attached to England, then at war with France. Such was the state of affairs when the British squa- dron, under Commodore Ford, D 34 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. February 3, conveying troops commanded by Col. Whitelock, appeared be- fore St. Domingo. The town of Jeremie, on the south peninsula of the island, surrendered on sum- mons, as did Cape St. Nicholas Mole. On the evening of the 2nd of February the expedition approached Cape Tiberon, and anchored near the shore. The guns of the ships having cleared the beach of a body of mulattoes, who it was thought would not make any further resistance, the flank companies of the 13th and 20th regiments at once landed to take possession of a house near the beach, to protect the general debarcation. The mulatto force, however, returned, formed line, and disputed the landing of our men; but one gallant charge settled the affair. The post was won, and held till the following morning, when the whole of the troops disembarked. 1814. Merexem taken. — In an advance movement of the British and Prussians to destroy the French shipping in the port of Antwerp, the troops of the 1st and 2nd divisions of the army, having collected at Bra.es chat the previous day, on the 2nd February an attack was made on the village of Merexem. This post, which commanded the port, was gallantly carried. Gen. Sir Tho- mas Graham, in his despatch, mentions with great praise Ma- jor-Gen. Gebb, then command- ing the 2nd division, Major-Gen. Taylor, and Lieut.-Col. Herries, as conducting the attack. He also gives great credit to Lieut.- Col. Cameron, commanding de- tachments of the 95th, Lieut.-Col. Hompesch, 25th regiment, Major A. Kelly, 54th regiment, Lieut.* Col. Brown, 65th regiment, and Major Kelly, 73rd regiment, for their attack on the left and centre of the village, forcing the enemy from a very strong hold, and storming the mill battery. Two pieces of cannon and many pri- soners fell into our hands. 1839. Capture of FortMun- hara. — On the 2nd of February, H. M.’s S. Wellesley, with the 40th regiment, in company with IL M.’s S. Algerine, and also the Berenice, with the 2nd grenadiers and native troops on board, ap- peared before the fortress of Munhara, province of Scinde. A flag of truce was sent to this fort, with terms for its surrender, which being rejected, the walls soon crumbled beneath the heavy cannonade of the ships. The troops having landed, the British flag was planted on the fortress by Lieut. Jenkins of the Indian navy, and the 40th regiment took possession of the fort. The town of Kurrachee surrendered on the following day without re- sistance. February 3. 1759. Action at St. Thome. — During the siege of Madras by the French Gen. Lally, Capt. Pres- ton, commanding some irregular native troops and a few English, in a strong position between the Mount, a fortified post held by the British, and the village of St. Thome, was attacked by Lally with 300 Europeans, 600 sepoys, and 6 field-pieces. Aided by the vantage ground which it held, the very inferior force of Capt. Preston gallantly repulsed the French, who, after suffering con- siderable loss, made good their retreat. 1780. Attack on Young’s House. — During the severe win- ter of 1779, a detachment from the British forces in New York, made an attack upon “Young’s February 4. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 35 House,” a post in the neighbour- hood of White Plains, which in- tercepted supplies for the city. The infantry commenced their advance in sleighs, but these they were obliged to abandon ; and the entire force, Hessians, provin- cial cavalry, and infantry, with two 3-pounders, the whole under Lieut. -Col.. Norton of the guards, — four companies of his regiment also accompanying him, — finished a harassing night’s march by a determined attack upon the Ame- rican post. The enemy behaved most gallantly, and “ njLade the best of their strong position at Young’s House but Lieut.-Col. Pennington, with a part of the second company of grenadier guards, coming up to the aid of Lieut.-Colonel Norton, the place was carried. Forty of the enemy were found killed, and 97 made prisoners ; among the latter the Colonel commanding the district. The British had but 2 killed, and 23 wounded. 1781. Reduction op Eustatia. — St. Eustatia, and its dependency Saba, West India islands belong- ing to the Dutch, this day sur- rendered to England upon sum- mons. The fleet of the combined expedition was commanded by Sir G. Rodney, and the army by Major-Gen. Vaughan. 1781. — The American General Morgan’s army were retiring be- fore Lord Cornwallis, to form a junction with Gen. Green, when the British came up with the rearguard. After the main body had passed the Catawba river, the enemy were routed, and some baggage waggons fell into our hands. 1807. Storm of Montevideo. -—In the Calendar for January we related that the expedition under Rear-Adm. Stirling and Brig.- Gen. Auchmut}^ effected alanding at Monte Video. The harbour not admitting the near approach of the larger ships of the fleet to bombard the town, the place was regularly invested by the army from the 23rd January to the 2nd February. A breach being now considered practicable, on the morning of the 3rd the British mounted to the assault ; but the enemy having barricadoed the breach with hides, it offered such resistance that the assailants were under fire upwards of a quarter of an hour before they found their way into the place. Here they were further opposed by cannon planted in the principal streets, pouring forth a destructive fire, which only ceased as the troops gained possession of the guns. The town was thus soon won, and the citadel shortly after sur- rendered. Six officers, and 112 non-commissioned officers and men, fell in the assault. Seventeen officers were wounded, with nearly 400 non-commissioned officers and men of the 1 1th, 38th, 40th, 72nd 87th, and 95th regiments. 1813. Reduction of Curzola. — The expedition under the or- ders of Capt. B. W. Taylor, in the Apollo frigate, conveying detach- ments of 35th regiment and artil- lery under Lieut.-Col. Robertson, with a party of seamen and ma- rines, after subjugating the island of Lagosta on 29 th of January, effected a landing on Curzola on the 3rd of February. The enemy made a sharp resistance ; but after a short time, British valour over- came every obstacle, and the island surrendered. February 4. 1757. Defeat of Suraj ad Dowla. — Suraj ad Dowla, en- raged at the retaking of Calcutta and the destruction of Hoogly, 36 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 4. spumed all attempts on the part i of the English to treat with him, aware that their new spirit of ac- commodation had its rise in the declaration of war in Europe be- tween England and France. Look- ing to the French for assistance, he marched towards Calcutta, and on the 3rd of February encamped before that city. Col. Clive, com- manding the British forces, not waiting to be attacked within its walls, obtained from Adm. Wat- son 569 seamen and marines of the fleet ; and adding to these about 150 Europeans, with some artillery, and 800 sepoys, marched at dawn on the 4th to attack up- wards of 20,000 men. This little army, making their way in a fog, suddenly received the charge of a large body of Persian horse, which they gallantly repulsed, and within a few moments the British were in the encampment of the enemy. Six hundred men, many distinguished officers, 500 horses, and several elephants and camels belonging to the enemy, fell, killed or wounded, in this desperate onslaught. The loss on our side was 39 Europeans, in- cluding 3 officers and 18 sepoys, killed ; 82 Europeans, and 35 se- poys, wounded. The fog pre- vented the troops from pursuing their success, but the alarm which seized the Nabob, on finding his camp invaded by the foe he thought shut up within Calcutta, induced him to accept the terms offered him to evacuate the Com- pany’s territory. 1762. Surrender op Fort Royal. — In the expeditionagainst Martinique, made mention of on the 16th, 24th, and 27th of Jan., two batteries raised upon Morne Tortenson not having been found to do much damage to Fort Royal, a movement was made to trans- ! port their guns and mortars to , [ Morne Capuchin, 400 yards from the fort. This brought the be- sieged to terms, and on the 4th of February they surrendered the gate of the citadel. Their killed and wounded amounted to 150 men, out of a garrison nearly a thousand strong : the loss of the British was 96 killed, including 7 officers, and 389 wounded ; among the latter the number of officers was considerably more than the usual proportion. 1804. Surrender or Gwalior. — In December of the last year, Gwalior, and all lands situated northward of that fortress, held by the native chief Ambajee In- glia, having been ceded to the British government, some troops under Lieut. -Col. White were sent to take possession. Ambajee had not been sincere in his treaty, or his commandant in the fortress disobeyed orders, for it would not surrender. Lieut.-Col. White, now strengthened by European and regular troops, bringing bat- tering pieces and mortars, threw up works, and opened a deter- mined fire upon the fort. A breach was effected by the 4th of Fe- bruary, and during the ensuing night Gwalior, one of the most formidable fortresses in Hindos- tan, surrendered. 1819. Defeat of Araes. — On the 4th of February Capt. J. Jones, with a troop of the 7th Bengal Cavalry and two com- panies of the 15th N. L, routed 600 Arabs near Borda’ee. The enemy, taking advantage of some broken ground, rallied, but Lieut. Isaac of the 15th N. I., who was wounded in leading on his men, drove them forth from the jungle at the point of the bayonet, and the cavalry completed their dis- comfiture, with the loss of many ; prisoners. I February 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 37 February 5. 17^1. Surrender of St. Mar- tin. — In the progress of the suc- cessful expedition in the West Indies, under Adm. Sir G. Bridges Rodney and Major-Gen. Vaughan, the Island of St. Mar- tin was surrendered on this day upon summons to Lieut.-Col. Edhouse, 13 th regiment. 1794. Martinique invaded. — An expedition under Adm. Sir John Jervis, and the army, commanded hy Lieut.-Gen. Sir Charles Grey, left Barbadoes on the 3rd of February. The troops effected a landing on the Island of Martinique on the 5th, — the first division, commanded by Major- Gen. Dundas, planting the flag of England at La Trinite. 1 791 The transports for the expedition against Colombo, Cey- lon, assembling eighteen miles to the northward off the fort of Negombo, which the Dutch had evacuated, the English took pos- session; and the troops under Col. Stuart having disembarked, led to the subjugation of the set- tlement without opposition. 1804. Action near Mankai- seer. — Some predatory chiefs collectively commanding a large force, not having complied with the terms offered by Major-Gen. Sir Arthur Wellesley to lay down their arms and come into the British camp, a division of the Indian army commanded by the major-gen. marched to compel their submission. It consisted of H. M.’s 19th light dragoons ; the 4th, 5th, and 7th regiments; and 47 th regiment native infantry ; a battalion of the 8th, with some Mysore andMahratta cavalry, and detachments of other British and native troops. At first the ma- rauders were said to be about eighty miles distant, but, breaking up their camp, they unconsciously drew near to the approaching ene- my. The lieut.-gen. hurried on his troops, despite the unfavourable state of the roads, and, just as the chiefs had been advised of his approach by their spies, he came up with the rear of their forces, then in full retreat near Mankai- seer. A running fight now com- menced, and the enemy was pur- sued from height to height, with great success. Many were slain, and the whole of their guns, am- munition, baggage, &c., fell into the hands of the British. 1810. Surrender of Guada- loupe. — The expedition against Guadaloupe, which landed on the 28th Jan., advanced into the country without opposition ; and, on the morning of the 4th of Feb., Major Henderson and the Royal York Rangers, by order of Bri- gadier-Gen. Wale, crossing the river De la Pere, under a heavy fire from the French, climbed the heights they occupied, turned their flank, and drove them from their position. Although the British paid dearly for their victory, hav- ing sustained a loss of 52 killed, 250 wounded, and 7 missing, the result produced a general panic among the enemy, and the sur- render of Guadaloupe on the fol- lowing day. February 6. 1545. French routed near Boulogne. — A French force 14,000 strong, under Marshal de Diez, had been encamped beyond the haven of Boulogne, then held by the British, since the 26th of Jan. Early in the morning of the 6th of Feb. the Lord High Adm. De Lisle, the governor ; the Earl of Hertford, the Lord 38 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 7, Grey de Wilton, and Sir Thomas Poynings, with only 4000 foot and 700 horse, salied forth to at- tack the enemy. Three hundred of this force passed the haven at low water, and alarmed the ene- my, who decamped, marching to- wards Hardilo in two divisions. The English horse made hot pur- suit, routing 500 Dutch cavalry in their way, and, forming in order of battle on the hill of St. Etienne, about three miles from Hardilo sands, came up with the French. The British flung them- selves between the two divisions of the enemy with desperate on- slaught, — overthrowing carriages, and slaying horse and foot. In vain the Marshal de Diez rallied a portion of his troops ; a second charge of the British overthrew them, and by this time the in- fantry from Boulogne having come to the support of the ca- valry, the French made no further defence, but continued their re- treat, placing their men-at-arms in the rear. Taking up a strong position on the Hardilo sands, they sent heralds to the English, offering them battle, but the lord high admiral, not wishing fur- ther to hazard his 4000 against 14,000, contented himself with setting the villages around him in a blaze; and, laden with spoil, consisting of 7 pieces of artil- lery, tents, plate, and even some of the armour of the French mar- shal, the British returned to Bou- logne. 1792. Seringapatam. — This action was a successful prelimi- nary to the siege of Seringapatam. Tippoo Saib’s army, supported by his French allies, was well posted under the walls of the fortress, within strongly fortified lines. On the night of the 6th of Feb. these were stormed by the British forces commanded by Gen. Lord Corn- wallis, who led one of the three columns of attack, the others be- ing under the command of Lieut. - Gen. Meadows and Col. Maxwell. The enemy, in great force, were in redoubts mounting very heavy guns, and a vigorous resistance was offered to our troops ; but soon after midnight their strongest posts were in our pos- session. Among other advan- tages a footing was gained on the island formed by the winding of the river Cavery, upon a part of which Seringapatam is built, thus enabling Lord Cornwallis to commence the investment of that fortress. 1794. Morne Le Brun After the landing of the troops at Martinique on the 5th Feb., Major-Gen. Dundas pushed on with the 1st battalion of light infantry, and the 9th and 70^ regiments of foot, commanded by CoL Campbell, and Lieut.- Col. Coote. On the 6th he at- tacked Mome Le Bran ; and al- though the troops were received by a heavy fire of musketry, they carried the works by assault. Fort La Trinite was taken pos- session of on the same day. That night, the leader of the Mulattoes, Bellegarde, evacuating a fort in the neighbourhood, set fire to the town of La Trinite ; and but for the great exertions of the British soldiers and sailors to extin- guish the flames, the whole town would have been destroyed. February 7« 1602. Porto Bello taken. — A company of adventurers fitted out three small privateers for the Spanish main, command- ed by Capt. William Parker of Plymouth. This expedition, con- sisting of a ship of 100 tons and February 7 , CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 39 130 men, a shallop of 60 tons and 60 men, and a pinnace of 20 tons and 18 men, sailed from Plymouth in November, 1601. With this insignificant force they ascended the river of Porto Bello on the 7th February, 1602. Leaving the vessels anchored un- der Fort St. Philip, Parker, with 30 men, in two boats, landed at Triana, set that town on fire, and dashed at once into the rich town of Porto Bello. He here found himself opposed by 250 soldiers before his second detach- ment had come up to his assist- ance ; hut, being reinforced by 120 men, the enemy were defeat- ed after a sharp contest. He then seized the treasury of the town, making the Spanish go- vernor prisoner ; but Parker, ad- miring the Spaniard’s gallantry, had sufficient chivalry, after dress- ing his wounds, to release him without ransom. He laid Porto Bello under heavy contribution, seized upon two vessels lying at anchor above the town, and at night, running the gauntlet of the defences on the banks of the river, returned with his spoil to the entrance of the harbour. 1792. Siege of Seringapa- tam. — This fortress, invested by Lord Cornwallis on 5th February, is situated on an island formed by two branches of the river Cavery, which, after separating to a distance of about a mile and a half, again unite about four miles below the place of their separation. The fortress, erected on the east- ern part, was defended by re- doubts and batteries, connected by a strong intrenchment and ditch. The fort and outworks mounted 300 pieces of cannon, and formed a second line, on which Tippoo could retire if driven from his fortified camp, which was protected in front by a canal, and further secured by six redoubts mounting more than 1 00 pieces of heavy artillery. The Sultan’s army consisted of 6000 cavalry and 50,000 infantry, com- manded by Tippoo in person. At 8 o’clock on the evening of 6th February the army moved forward to the assault in three columns. Two of the strongest redoubts were carried, and the routed, troops driven in confusion across the river into the island, pursued thither by the assailants. Several of their batteries were stormed, and a defensible posi- tion secured in the island before the morning dawned on the 7 th. The conflict was then renewed, the guns of the forts opening a tremendous fire on the redoubts, of which the English had gained possession, and desperate attacks were made on every part of their position. Tippoo’s soldiers were, however, defeated at every point, and on the evening of the 7th the battle was at an end. The En- glish loss amounted to 535, killed and wounded, whilst more than 4000 of the Mysoreans had fallen. 1794. Landing in Corsica. — On the 7 th of February the Bri- tish expedition against the island of Corsica, consisting of the 2nd battalion of the 1st royals, the 11th, 25th, 30th, 50th, 51st, and 69th regiments, under Lieut.- Gen. Dundas, effected a landing without opposition. 1794. . Success at Marti- nique. — Brigadier-Gen. White, with a battalion of light infantry commanded by Lieut.-Col. Close, during the reduction of Marti- nique, dispersed on 7th Febru- ary 150 mulattoes, and took 2 pieces of artillery, whilst on their way to summon forts Soloman and Bourges ; which surrendered at discretion on the same day. The fort of Gros Morne also fell 40 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. February 3, into our possession during the night. February 8. 1803. Landing at Cas de Navire. — One of the divisions of the army commanded by Col. Sir Charles Gordon, engaged in the expedition against Martinique, this day effected a landing at Cas de Navire, to the leeward of the island. 1801. C ULL YANELLORE. A detachment, consisting of native infantry, subsidiary cavalry 900 strong, a detachment of Bengal artillery, with two 6- and two 4- pounders, the whole under Euro- pean officers, encamping on a march, were attacked by about 1200 Poligars. The precaution had been taken to occupy the village of Cully anellore, and they here made several attacks upon our troops ; but in each they were repulsed and compelled to re- treat, leaving 40 dead, and carry- ing off their wounded. During the night an unsuccessful attempt was made to surprise the village. 1803. Pettah of Sasnee. — Sasnee, a strong fortification in the district of Eurruckabad, ceded to the East India Company in 1802, was held by a refractory zemin- dar named Bugwunt Sing, who, holding another fortress called Bidgaghur, and having an army of 20,000 men, was an enemy not to despised. A body of ca- valry and infantry, under Lieut.- Col. Blair, being reinforced, and the command being now given to Col. Hon. J. St. John, he was, after a further reinforcement of sufficient strength, to conduct the siege. The approaches were pushed as close to the works as prudence would justify by the 8th of February, when the pettah of the fortress was earned by as- sault. the enemy offering but little resistance ; and though the gar- rison within the fort made a des- perate attempt to dispossess the be- siegers during the following night, they still maintained their ground. 1809. Eort Edward taken. — Adm. Villaret, Capt.-Gen. of Martinique, having most impru- dently abandoned Eort Edward, thinking that, as it was com- manded by Eort Bourbon, the English would not dare to occupy it, Capt. Henderson, Royal York Rangers, took possession. He found there four 13-inch mortars, and 38 heavy guns spiked ; but in a few days these were rendered fit for service, and, firing upon Eort Bourbon, were instrumental to the fall of that fortress. 1812. C ALLINGHUR. An Ull- successful attempt was made on Callinghur, in the province of Bundlecund, by the British on the 2nd of this month : but the despe- rate gallantry of our troops was not without its effect ; the garri- son of Callinghur, dreading such another attack, surrendered on the 7 th. 1818. Surrender of Pallee. — A hill fort of the Southern Concan, called Pallee or Sur- rusghur (Fort of Excellence), was deemed impregnable by the na- tives. The field force under Col. Prother, having sat down before it on the 6th inst., on the 7th raised batteries, which on the 8th opened their fire from a 10- inch, two 8-inch mortars, and a 5j-inch howitzer, when the houses within the fortified hill were soon in a blaze. After two hours’ bom- bardment, the fortress surrender- ed. Some of the garrison after- wards declared they could not hide themselves from the shells ; wherever they went, they were found out by these missives of destruction. February 9. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 41 1830. PlNDARREES ROUTED. — A detachment of the 18th regi- ment Madras native infantry, un- der Lieut. Cowie, attacked a large body of Pindarrees, and com- pletely routed them, killing 10 of their number, and taking 80 prisoners. February 9 • 1781. B’hore Pass forced. — Gen. Goddard, with an English and native force, making an ad- vance upon Poonah, arrived at the foot of the B’hore Ghaut Pass on the 8th of February, driving be- fore him a large force of the Mah- rattas. The whole Poonah army was assembled near the top of the Ghauts ; but, nothing daunted, the general resolved to proceed. A strong column, formed by the 1st Madras and the Bombay Euro- pean regiments, under command of Capt. Parker, at midnight commenced the ascent of the pass, driving the enemy from their fastnesses. The main body speedily followed, and by 5 o’clock on the morning of the 9th the summit was gained ; and so great was the panic of the Mah- rattas that they proposed to nego- tiate for a cessation of hostilities. 1794. Reduction of Mar- tinique. — The seizure of the post of Mount Mathurin, com- manding Pigeon Island, Mar- tinique, also the posts of Morne > Brun, Fort Matilde, and La Chappellc, on this day were easy conquests. Morne Pied, which fell to the lot of the 70th regi- ment, led by Lieut.-Col. Johnson, with two howitzers, Adj.-Gen. Dundas commanding, was not so readily gained ; but the charge of the gallant 70th carried all be- fore them, and the enemy’s work was occupied by our troops on the morning of the 9th. 1822. Burdgong. — A detach- ment of the E, I. C. Service, with a train of artillery, under Major Faithful, came before the fortified village of Burdgong, district of Ackbarpoor, Oude, on the morn- ing of the 9 th of February. A cannonade was so well directed, that by sunset the village was in flames. The fire of the enemy soon ceased, and in course of the night the place was evacuated. 1826. Pagahm-mew. — On this day a force under Major-Gen. Sir A. Campbell, scarcely 2000 fighting men, defeated 16,000 Bur- mese, commanded by Nee Woon Breen. Encountering their skir- mishers in the jungle, our troops drove them back, until, coming into open country, their main body appeared drawn up in form of a crescent. Their centre broken by the impetuous attack of the British, the Burmese fled to a fine of redoubts, under the walls of Pagahm-mew. Before they had time to rally, our troops were upon them, and their rout was complete. Many were slain, hundreds perished in the river, and but two or three thousand men remained together of the last army brought against US' in this war. February lO. 1 7 60. Arcot Surrenders. — Arcot surrendered to Col. Coote, after having been invested since the 1st of February, and was taken possession of by the British. 1711. Surrender of Mahe. — This place surrendered on the 10th of February, to Major, after- wards Sir Hector Munro. 1794. In defence of Fort Ma- tilde, Martinique, the English suffered much loss, and Capt. M’Kerven, of the 38th grena- diers, was among the slain j but 42 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 10, a charge by the 9th regiment, led on by Lieuto-Col. Craddock, routed the enemy. 1 7 94. Corsica. — After the landing of our troops on this is- land, Fort Mortella, after a severe bombardment, surrendered this day to Lieut.- Col. Moore, com- manding the royals and 51st re- giments, with artillery. 1809. Storm of Arambuli. — In the Travancore war the troops being under the command of the Hon. Lieut.-Col. St. Leger, Major Welsh, 3rd native infan- try, volunteered to carry the strongly fortified lines of Aram- buli by a coup de main . The storming party, consisting of a picket of H.M’s. 69th regiment, commanded by Capt. Syms, and some companies of the 3rd native infantry, under Major Lucas, were to escalade the southern re- doubt, which commanded the lines to the gate of the fortress. Major Welsh commenced his gallant en- terprise on the night of the 9th; and, after six hours’ scrambling, up a height so apparently inaccessi- ble that the enemy dreamed not the most desperate would attempt it, our noble fellows carried the redoubt. Reinforced by a com- pany of H.M.’s 69th regiment and companies of the 1st and 2nd battalions of the 13th native in- fantry under Captain Hodgson, the enemy was routed in every di- rection, and all the lines carried. A well filled arsenal, a number of guns, and many valuable stores fell into the hands of the captors. Our loss was only 2 killed and 1 1 wounded. 1846. Battle of Sobraon. — From the 14th January until the early part of February, the Sikhs, busily employed in constructing and strengthening their defences, adding to their guns on their tete de point and in their intrenched position, seemed confident they could prevent our passage up the river. Their force, consisting of 34,000 men with 70 pieces of artillery, was united by a good bridge to a reserve of 20,000 on the opposite bank. The forces under Sir Hugh Gough consist- ed of 6533 Europeans, 9691 na- tives, making a total of 16,224 rank and file, and 99 guns. At half-past 3 o’clock on the morn- ing of 10th February the troops marched to their destination. It had been intended that a can- nonade should have commenced at daybreak from the artillery in position, in an extended semi- circle ; but the mist hung so heavily over the plain and river that it was nearly seven, before our whole fire was developed; and then there was one continued roar of guns and mortars, to which the Sikh guns responded, but with little execution. At 9 o’clock, Gen. Stacey’s brigade, with ar- tillery, supported by Wilkinson’s brigade, moved to the attack. For a moment they were checked by the tremendous fire of the enemy’s batteries; but persevering gal- lantry soon triumphed, every im- pediment was cleared, and the in- trenchments passed. ILM.’s 10th, 53rd, and 80th regiments, with 33rd, 43rd, 59th, and 63rd, N. I., moving steadily forward, never fired a shot until they had passed the barriers opposed to them; but their gallant leader, Major-Gen. Sir Robert Dick, was killed as he entered the intrenchment. The second division, under Maj or-Gen, Gilbert, now rapidly advancing, entered their fortified position after a severe struggle. The first division, under Sir Harry Smith, dashed against the enemy’s left; yet it was not until the 3rd dra - goons, led by Major-Gen. Thack- well, had ridden through the February 11. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 43 openings of the intrenchments and cut down the obstinate de- fenders, that the weight of three divisions of infantry, with artillery, turned the scale, and victory de- clared in favour of the British. The flying enemy suffered a ter- rible carnage from our artillery as they pressed on the bridge of boats to reach the opposite bank. Their loss in the field, together with those that perished in the river, amounted to above 10,000. In the brief space of two hours this sanguinary conflict had ter- minated. Sixty-seven guns and 200 camel swivels were captured. The loss of the British was 320 killed, 2063 wounded. February 11. 1794. Pigeon Island sur- renders. — The rapid career of the English since their landing on the Island of Martinique was for a few hours arrested at Pigeon Island. Here, though threatened by the batteries raised on mount Maturin during the day and night of the lOth-llth, — the enemy, being determined to resist every effort to dislodge them from this post, — a tremendous and in- cessant fire was so well directed that the garrison shortly sur- rendered. In about two hours, the enemy had 15 killed and 25 wounded, out of a garrison of 203 rank and file. Lieut.-Gen. Sir Charles Grey, commander-in- chief of the expedition, in his despatches speaks in the highest terms of all the officers, soldiers, and sailors engaged during this short but arduous siege. 1794. Colon defended In the same campaign as the pre- ceding, the village of Colon was gained by the British during the night of the 10th February, by Col. Campbell, who had advanced and taken possession of the forti- fied post of Lemaitre. The 65th regiment, left to defend this post, very gallantly repulsed three se- veral attacks made by the enemy during the night of the 11th. 1803. Sasnee taken. — This long contested fortress was on the evening of the 11th of Feb. abandoned by the enemy, and taken possession of by the British force, which had besieged it since the 12th of December, under Lieut.-Col. Blair and Major- Gen. the Hon. H. St. John. A detach- ment of cavalry, immediately sent forth to cut off the retreat of the enemy to the fortress of Bidgaghur, came up with and dispersed some straggling parties ; but the main body escaped. 1815. Surrender of Fort Bowyer. — It had been deter- mined by Vice-Adm. Sir Alex- ander Cochrane and Major-Gen. Lambert, that operations against the Americans should be carried on towards Mobile in West Florida. Accordingly, the 4th, 21st, and 44th regiments, some royal artillery commanded by Lieut.-Col. Dickson, together with engineer officers and sappers and miners, under Lieut.-Col. Burgoyne, were embarked in a squadron commanded by Capt. Ricketts, in the Vengeur, 74, for the purpose of taking Fort Bowyer, situated on the eastern point of the entrance to Mobile Bay. The troops landed on the 8th without opposition, and as they advanced towards the point of attack the enemy retired. A siege being resolved upon, our engineers broke ground the same night, and in a few hours a firing party was advanced within 100 yards of the fort. Such despatch was used that, on the morning of the 1 1th, our batteries, mounting 44 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 13, four 18- and two 6-pounders, two 8 -inch mortars, and 8 eohorns, w'ere ready to open fire; but, in answer to our summons, the fort surrendered. February 12. 1429. Battle of Herrings. — Orleans was besieged by the Earl of Suffolk, who, with a mixed army of English and French, favourable to our Sixth Henry’s claim to the French throne, beleaguered that city, then held for Charles VII. of France. The Earl of Salisbury, and many English knights and commoners, had already fallen, but the siege was still boldly maintained. The Duke of Bedford, the British Regent of France, to provide the besiegers with fish during Lent, sent a large supply of this commodity salted — espe- cially Herrings — from Paris, to- gether with other stores and pro- visions, under convoy of Sir John Fastolfe, and 1700 men. The Count de Clermont set upon them with a force of 3000 troops from Orleans, but Sir John, making barricades of his fish waggons, bravely beat off the assailants. He then sallied forth and charged the French so briskly that he routed them with great slaughter. No less than 120 nobles, knights, and captains of renown, are said to have fallen on their side. 1794. Heights of Bouchain. — During many of the successes of the last few days at Martinique but small bodies of the enemy had been fallen in with, its forces being much divided ; but on this day, the 15th regiment, led by Capt. Paumier, Major Lyon com- manding, surprised a body of the enemy, consisting of several hundreds who were very strongly posted on the heights of Bou- chain; when the whole were routed, after sustaining great loss. Col. Myers, also, on this day took possession of several batteries between Cas de Navire and Fort Royal, the enemy flying before him in every direction. 1796. Dutch defeated. — Col. Stuart, with a small English and Anglo-Indian force, while on the march to besiege Colombo, a strongly fortified town in the Island of Ceylon, was attached by the Dutch and Malays, who suddenly threw themselves on his flank companies. These gallant troops, before any assistance could be rendered them by the main body, effectually repulsed the enemy, who lost about 170 in killed and wounded, while we had but 10 grenadiers killed and 1 1 wounded in the affair. 1835. The Caffres having made murderous predatory inroads on the British settlers. Col. Smith, with the 72nd and 75th regiments and Cape mounted riflemen, at- tacked and dispersed a large body of the enemy collected on the heights beyond Fish River. February 13. 1756. Surrender of Geriah. — In the combined attack of Rear- Adm. Watson and Col. Clive upon the piratical fortress of Geriah, after a terrific bombardment the previous day, the garrison, re- fusing to yield, was again under fire, and at length surrendered on the 13th of February, when Captains Forbes and Buchanan, with 60 men, took possession. 1759. Fort Louis stormed. — The squadron of the expe- dition against Guadaloupe having arrived before Grand Terre, Fort Louis was bombarded for six February 13. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 45 hours ; after which detachments of marines and of the regiment of highlanders landed, and drove the enemy from their works at the point of the bayonet. 1760. Early in Eebruary a strong force of French Canadians, with some Indians, assembled near the church at Point Levi, on the banks of the river St. Law- rence, the opposite side to Que- bec, and sent a written cartel to the officers of the British garrison, asking them to favour them with their company to have their “ hair dressed ” — literally, to be scalped by the Indians. On the 13th, before day break, this invi- tation was accepted. Major Dal- ling, with field-pieces and light infantry, crossed the river on the ice, and marched towards the church and heights of Point Levi. On landing, the enemy made a show of resistance ; but a few rounds of grape and canister dis- persed the first party, who fled to strengthen the reserve, which soon opened a fire upon the Bri- tish from the church and the priest’s house. Heaping up the snow to command the windows, our troops quickly beat them out of their defences. The enemy then retired in what order they could preserve to the heights. Again routed, they reached the post of the “ Rock Guard,” for- merly occupied by the British, hoping, from its commanding elevation, to make a stand. Per- ceiving, however, that our troops were surrounding them, the rout became general. Twelve men were found dead ; a lieutenant and 15 men were made pri- soners ; and the church, priest’s house, and every height they occupied, taken possession of, to- gether with a large store of pro- visions. One sergeant killed, an officer and 20 men wounded, made up our loss in the morn- ing’s work. 1792. Cavalry repulsed.— In the evening, the whole of Tippoo Saib’s cavalry made a demonstration against the Bri- tish before Seringapatam ; but an encounter with a strong division of English and sepoy battalions convinced them that we were on the alert, and made them retire even more speedily than they had advanced. 1805. The force recorded in a previous page as proceeding from Komona to Paanaghur, their rear and baggage protected by Skinner’s horse and some infantry, when about half way, was fired upon from a mud fort belonging to Doondiah Khan, chief of Komona. A company of sepoys, under the direction of Col. Grueber, having blown open the gate, after a severe conflict, took possession. One European officer was killed, and several sepoys wounded. 1809. The fortress of Ajay- gerh surrendered to Col. Mar- tindale, commanding a British and native force. 1819. Rairee stormed.— Major-Gen. Sir W. G. Kerr hav- ing invested Rairee, belonging to Sawnut Warree, the lines be- fore this fortress were gallantly stormed and carried, 350 grena- diers leading the assault under the command of Lieut.-Col. Clif- ford, II. M.’s 89th regiment. February 2L&. 1761. Pondicherry surren- ders. — On the 14th of February the brave but unfortunate Lally surrendered Pondicherry to the British force under Coote. The town and fortifications were speedily levelled to the ground by order of the Council of Madras. 46 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 15. 1783. Ananpore, held in be- half of Tippoo Saib, was taken by storm by the troops under the command of General Mathews. The garrison having fired on two flags of truce, received little mercy at the hands of the captors. 1814. Hellette. — This ac- tion was the commencement of Wellington's operations to effect the passage of the Adour, drive the French from its banks, and invest Bayonne. On the 14th of February, a hard frost having prepared the ground for their march, Lieut. -Gen. Hill, with a large force, proceeded against Gen. Harispe, who had only about 5000 newly-raised men under his command, on the left of the French lines, at the base of the mountain towards the road to St. Jean Pied de Port. For this purpose, while one column of the army drove in the pickets on the river Joyeuse, another attacked Hiirispe at Hellette. Hill having dislodged the enemy from their position, made them retire, by St. Martin’s d’Aberone, upon Garris. We lost but 5 men in this action ; and the French, after the first onset, did not wait to swell their list of slain. 1818. Howaporra, held by a Mahratta sirdar, was taken by escalade, Lieut. Cates, 3rd re- giment, Bombay native infantry, leading on the escalading party, while Major Kennett, in com- mand of the Berar field force engaged in the affair, made a false attack to divert the atten- tion of the enemy. The ladders being too short for their work, the escaladers pulled themselves up by a small bush growing from the walls. Our loss was but tri- fling. The enemy had 2 killed and 14 wounded. 1818. Boorup, a fortified ghaut in the Southern Concan, was taken after twenty-four hours’ bombardment, by a field force under Lieut.-Col. Prother. 1819. The pettah and lines of Kairee having been earned by storm on the 13th, the fortress was this day surrendered to Major-Gen. Sir W. Grant Kerr. 1819. PlNDARREES ROUTED. Lieut. -Col. Smith, of the Madras establishment, with artillery, ca- valry, and infantry, detached against the ex-Raj ah of Nagpore and Chittos Pindarry, ordered two columns of horse under Major Skinner to push forward to attack some encampments of the enemy, said to be near Asseer, the main body advancing to support his movements. As no camp was perceptible in the place pointed out, leaving the auxiliary force far in the rear, Major Skinner with his cavalry still moved on and discovered, at the foot of some hills, a dell nearly 200 feet in depth, where about 300 of the enemy had taken refuge. A path was with difficulty found, by which, in single file, the major made his descent. The panic- struck enemy — Arabs and natives of Hindostan — were speedily routed, and a squadron of ca- valry pursued them even to the gates of Asseer, February 15. 1780. Storm of Ahmed abad. — The city of Ahmedabad, the capital of Guzerat, held by a chief favourable to the Mahrattas, with whom we were at war, was beleaguered by Gen. Goddard, with an army of British and native troops; and on the 10th of Feb. the batteries were opened against its walls. On the 15th, a breach being practicable, a storming party, led by Capt. Gough, sup- February 16. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 47 ported by a column under Lieut. - Col. Hartley, advanced to the attack, the whole army being on the move. After surmounting considerable opposition, the place was carried. 1813. — Capt. Hill, command- ing the Sicilian flotilla, embarked Major Stewart, with four com- panies of the 75th regiment, on the night of the 14th of February, to destroy some new works erected by the French at Pietra Nera, on the coast of Calabria. At day- break on the 15th the troops effected a landing, and imme- diately stormed the heights, rout- ing the French force prepared to receive them ; while the boats en- gaged the batteries, which ulti- mately were successively carried oy Lieut. Le Hunte and a party of seamen. The enemy’s loss was severe, whilst ours, although comparatively trifling, included Major Stuart among the slain. 1814. Combat of Garris. — Continuing his retreat, General Harispe, on the 15th February, took up a position with 4000 men in advance of the Bidouze, on the Garris Mountain, his rear being closely followed by the light troops of the 2nd division; and upon a parallel ridge the corps of Gen. Hill was imme- diately established. The evening was now closing, when Welling- ton arrived. Anxious to turn the Bidouze before Soult could strengthen himself there, he or- dered the corps of Morillo to move towards St. Palais, and, menacing the centre with Cor’s Portuguese division, he directed the 28th and 39th regiments forming Pringle’s brigade to ad- vance, energetically observing, “ You must take the hill before dark.” The expression, repeated by Col. O’Callaghan, as he and Gen. Pringle placed themselves at the head of the 39th, followed by the 28th, caught the attention of the troops, who, with loud and prolonged cheers, rushed into the ravine. In spite of the violent Are of the French, they gained the summit of the Garris Moun- tain to the right of the enemy, who, recovering from their ap- prehension that a large force was coming against them, came back at a charging pace and fought courageously. But Harispe, see- ing that the remainder of the 2nd division was ready to ad- vance, Le Cor’s Portuguese mov- ing against the centre and the Spaniards towards St. Palais, re- treated to that town, and, order- ing Gen. Paris to join him, broke down the bridges over the Bi- douze. His loss on this day was about 500 men, of whom 200 were taken prisoners. On the part of the allies the killed and wound- ed did not exceed 150, including among the latter Gen. Pringle and Col. O’Callaghan. 1818. — Muddonghur and Jam- bah, besides their more imme- diate fortifications, having the protection of stockades, after a short bombardment were taken by assault by a force under the command of Lieut.-Col. Ken- nedy. February 16 . 1418. Falaise Castle. — After the surrender of the town of Falaise in Normandy, on 2nd Jan., the castle still held out against the English under Henry VI., who, closely beleaguering it, al- lowed the garrison little rest day or night. At length Sir Oliver de Manny, on the 1st of the present month, seeing that his soldiers were worn out by fa- tigue, beat a parley, and agreed to surrender the castle on the 48 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 17 . 16th, if he were not relieved by that time. No succour having arrived, the gallant captain sub- mitted ; but an article in the capitulation stipulated that the garrison were to be held pri- soners until the damages done to the castle during its obstinate defence were repaired. Sir Henry Fitz Hugh, appointed governor byJHenry, saw these conditions fulfilled, and then honourably dismissed De Manny and his gal- lant band. 1762. Surrender of Mar- tinique. — In January, and on the 4th inst., we recorded the landing and successes on the Island of Martinique ; the result was the surrender of St. Pierre to Gen. Monckton, on the 16th, and capitulation of the island. 1796. — Amboyna and its de- pendencies were delivered up to Rear-Adm. P. Rainier this day, the Dutch making no defence. 1796. Reduction of Ceylon. — On the 5 th instant we made mention of the landing on the Island of Ceylon, and also re- corded an action gained by our troops on the 12th. These suc- cesses were followed by an un- interrupted advance on Colom- bo. A flag of truce appeared on the 14th, which produced a cessation of hostilities, and the surrender of the Island of Ceylon, on the 16th, to Col. Stuart. 1810. — Amboyna, in which is the capital of the Spice Islands, was captured by an expedition embarked in H/M.’s ships Corn- wallis, Dover, and Samar ang. Detachments of Madras artillery, Madras European regiment, ma- rines and seamen from the squa- dron, in all 404 men, landed without opposition to the left of the town and fort of Victoria. They advanced to the attack in two columns, Lieut. Stewart, Madras artillery, leading the storming party, under command of Capt. Philips, Madras regi- ment. The strong position of Wannetto, a battery on the sum- mit of a small hill, although ob- stinately defended by 300 men, was earned by assault. This fort gained, another battery com- manded by it, was quickly re- duced; but fort Batto-Gantong, on an eminence looking down on Wannetto, was attacked by Capt. Forbes, with the 2nd co- lumn, who, after a fatiguing march, about sunset gained this last work, when the enemy aban- doned their guns and fled. The squadron in the meantime had proceeded up the harbour, keep- ing up an incessant cannonade ; but the wind dying away, it was well for the ships that the suc- cesses on shore enabled them to anchor without danger from the forts silenced and taken. February 17, 1794. Lines of Fobnelli. — Convention Redoubt, the key of of the fortified lines of Fornelli, Corsica, was for two days bom- barded, — cannon having been dragged up to a commanding position by the sailors of the fleet. On the 17th, it having been de- termined to carry the redoubt by assault, three columns at night advanced to the attack ; Lieut.- Col. Moore on the right, with the 2nd battalion of the royals, and the 51st regiment ; Lieut.-Col. Wauchop, with the 50th, on the centre ; and Capt. Stewart, with the 25th, keeping towards the sea- shore on its left. The assailants under a heavy fire reached the redoubt, and the three divisions at the same moment rushing into the works, drove the enemy at the point of the bayonet down 3 ?©t*ruary 17. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 49 the steep hill in the rear. Aban- doning their lines about mid- night, the enemy crossed over to Fiorenzo. 1809. After the storming of the Arambooly lines on the 10th Feb., the British force halted till the 17th, when it commenced its march unto the interior, the advance-guard commanded by Lieut.-Col. M‘Leod. When three miles from the main body, this detachment found the enemy strongly posted in a village, with field-pieces commanding the high road. Our men moved rapidly forward, and although exposed to a destructive fire, the enemy were routed with considerable loss. Our loss was 50 killed and wounded. Here was the last shot fired in the Travancore war. 1814. Action at Arriveriete. — On the morning of the 17th Feb. the division of Gen. Hill, together with the 3rd division, moved upon Gen. Paris, who was in position at Arriveriete to defend the Soissons above its con- fluence with the Gave d’Oleron. The French troops were driven across the river, and Gen. Paris, attempting to destroy the bridge at Arriveriete, was prevented by the 92nd regiment, under com- mand of Col. Cameron. Fording the river above the bridge, sup- ported by the fire of Capt. Bean’s troop of horse artillery, he attack- ed two battalions of French in- fantry posted in the village on the opposite side, and before they had time to effect their work of de- struction, drove them to follow the retiring army of the enemy, which that night crossed the Gave d’Oleron. 1843. Battle op Meeanee. — On retiring from the banks of the Indus, Sir Charles Napier found that a considerable force was gathering in his rear, while the rest retained their position at Meeanee in his front. With an army now reduced to 2600 men, he found himself opposed to 30,000 infantry, with 15 guns, and 5000 cavalry, — their wings resting on large woods extending on each side the plain, with a na- tural ravine in front of their po- sition. Notwithstanding all these advantages on the part of the enemy, Napier, with his diminu- tive strength, fell upon them im- petuously, despite the heavy fire from the Beloochee cannon and musketry. Having crossed the ravine the assailants, moved at a rapid pace that deceived their aim, and our loss was not consider- able. The next moment the 22nd regiment rushed to the top of the bank, thinking to bear all before them, but they were staggered by the forest of swords waving in their front. The Beloochees filled the broad deep bed of the ravine, clustering on both banks, and covered the plain beyond. Guard- ing their heads with their large dark shields, they rushed forward with terrific shouts. Nothing ap- palled, the Irish soldiers, cheering as loudly, met them with the bayonet, and sent their foremost ranks rolling back; until the Be- loochees gathering strength, their dense masses closed, and again a rolling fire of musketry and the rush of the swordsmen were heard and seen along the whole line. The scene of sanguinary strife that then ensued is almost unpa- ralleled ; nor could the sweeping discharges of grape from guns planted in one fearful mass on the right, drive those daring war- riors back. When, nearly all the leading European officers had been killed or wounded, and when the sepoys, wanting leaders, had several times receded, a charge made on the enemy’s right by our e 50 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February IS. entire, but small body of horse, under Col. Pattle, completed the glory of this victorious day. And now, the defeated Beloochees, after three hours’ contest, began to retreat in masses, with their broad shields slung over their backs. Six European officers and 60 men were killed, 14 officers and 200 men wounded : Col. Pennefather, Majors Tees- dale and Jackson, and Lieut. MAlurdogh, among the former. The loss of the enemy is com- puted at 6000. The whole of their artillery, stores, &c., were taken. February IS. 1792. Xight Attack. — The preliminary steps to the invest- ment of Seringapatam have already been mentioned this month. General Abercromby arrived with a large force to strengthen Lord Cornwallis on the 16th ; and on the 18th it was resolved to open the trenches. As a diversion to occupy the at- tention of Tippoo’s army, a de- tachment consisting of H.M.’s 71st and the 13th regiment of Bengal native infantry, under Major Dalrymple, left the island whereon the fortress stands, and taking a circuit of some miles over rice-fields, approached the camp of Tippoo on the south of the river. About midnight Capt. Robertson, with a party of the 71st regiment, having made his way into the camp undisco- vered, bayoneted 100 troopers, and about as many horses. The whole detachment then fired se- veral volleys, to create general alarm; and,* when they saw torches flaring in every direction, and their object gained, they leisurely retreated, unopposed by the ensmy, who feared to fire in the dark, not knowing friend from foe. This night attack was ef- fected without losing a man, or having a single straggler from the ranks in search of plunder. In the meantime, the trenching party on the opposite side of Seringapatam broke ground, and pushed a parallel within 800 yards of the walls. 1794. SoUREER C ARMED. — In the expedition against Marti- nique, Bellegarde, with his mu- lattoes and blacks, still holding possession of the heights of Sou- rier, it was determined by Gen. Sir Charles Grey, then before fort Bourbon, to drive him thence. But that chief, anticipating the movement, descended the heights on the 18th, and attacked the Bri- tish camp. While thus engaged with one division of our army, another, under Lieut. -Col. Buck- eridge and Lieut.-Cols. Coote and Blundell, with grenadiers and light infantry, assaulted his camp on the heights ; which they car- ried, but with considerable loss on our side. 1818. Lieut.-Col. M‘Morrice, commanding to the 1st brigade of the Nagpore subsidiary forces, hearing that an armed party fromChowraghur had approached his camp at Jytone and opened a fire of matchlocks, ordered out the pickets under Lieut. Camp- bell, supported by a company of the 1st battalion 10th regiment of native infantry, under Lieut. Bowie, on a hill in a strong posi- tion, and leaving 14 dead on the hill/ 1818. The fortress of Badaumy was taken by the reserve of the army of the Deccan, under Gen. Munro. H. M.’s 22nd dragoons, dismounted as volunteers, received the thanks of the brigadier-gene- ral for the determination and gallantly they displayed. Capt- February 19. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 51 Rose commanding the forlorn hope of the storming party, the breach of the lower fort was car- ried by the bayonet; and the troops bravely pushed on to the walls of the upper fortress or citadel, which waited not for their assault, but surrendered. February 19. 1792. Seringapatam. — After the opening of the trenches before Seringapatam to the northward on the 18th, the Bombay army, com- manded by Gen. Abercromby, on the morning of the 19th crossed the riven to the southward, drove the enemy within the fortress, and completed the successes of the day by storming and taking a redoubt. The British encamped that night on the south side of the river, thus establishing the in- vestment of the fortress in that direction. 1803. Ceylon. — During the war in Ceylon this year, Major- Gen. Hay MDowall command- ing the forces, on the 19th of Feb. Lieut.-Col. Logan, of the 51st regiment, attacked and carried the strong posts of Galle Gederah and Girio Gramme. No resistance was made to our troops in the attack upon the first, but in as- saulting the second-named for- tress a heavy fire was kept up upon the 19th grenadiers, under Capt. Honner, which regiment led the column of attack, till the assailants were close upon the battery, when the defenders fled from their guns. The same day, on the approach of a detachment under Lieut.-Col. Barrut to the great Candian river, it was fired upon from the opposite bank by a large force occupying the village of Wallapooloa and the neigh- bouring hills. Two mortars and a 6-pounder being opened upon them, the whole of the Candians soon fled; and the following morn- ing the detachment, having crossed the river, occupied Wallapooloa. 1810 . Surrender op Am- boyna. — After the success of the 16th February at Amboy na, the following day the spiked guns of Fort Butto Gautong, having been rendered fit for ser- vice, opened on the town and fort of Victoria, their fire being re- turned from the enemy’s works. But when the besieged saw the British squadron making prepara- tions for another bombardment, a flag of truce was displayed, and, after a long negotiation, Amboyna surrendered on the 19 th. On that day the Dutch and Malay soldiers and sailors, — the crews of vessels taken in the bay,— in number about 2000 men, laid down their arms before our little detachment hardly 400 strong: the utmost firmness was required to cany out the terms of capitulation. Capt. Tucker, R. N., H. M.’s S. Dover, and Capt. Henry Court, E. I. Comp, artillery, commanded this successful expedition. Up- wards of 200 pieces of ordnance were found in the works. 1825. — In the campaign of the Burmese war a strong division of the army under Brigadier-Gen. Cotton was despatched up the Panglang river in an armed flo- tilla of 60 boats. Here, on the 19th of February, coming upon two stockades, after some resist- ance both were taken, and the enemy routed February 2 , 0 . 1794. St. Domingo. — During the expedition against this island, Lieut.-Col. Whitelock marched a colonial and British force, with artillery, through a mountain road towards the post of L’Acul. Dis- CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 21. £2 appointed in the landing of an auxiliary force, "which had been despatched in two transports to approach the fort from seaward, he determined to carry the post by assault. On the evening of the 20th, causing a diversion to be made in the rear of the work, he gallantly advanced in the front, under a sharp fire, stormed the hill on which it was situated, and drove the mulattoes, amount- ing to 600 men, from their de- fences. Our loss amounted to 5 killed, including Capt. Morshead, 1st battalion of royals, and 32 wounded; among the latter were 5 officers. In this affair the royals, 13th, 20th, and 49th re- giments, royal artillery, and en- gineers were engaged. 1803. Ceylon. — In conse- quence of the capture of the forts on the preceding day, and the defeat of the Candian forces at Wallapooloa, Candy, the capital of the province of that name in the Island of Ceylon, was occupie d without opposition. 1813. — An unsuccessful at- tempt of the French, under Gen. Foy, having been made to sur- prise the English post at Bejar, the 50th regiment and the 6th ca 9 adores, commanded by Col. Harrison, bravely repulsed the enemy. 1818. — Brigadier-Gen. Smith defeated a large body of Mahratta horse under Sirdah Bapoo Golka, near Ashta, Poonah, and gained a complete victory. Two squadrons of H. M.’s 22nd dragoons were engaged under Major Dawes, and their charge penetrated whole masses of the enemy. The 2nd and 7th Madras light cavalry also behaved with great gallantry un- der command of Majors V alker and Doveton. Bapoo Golka fell early in the action, amid a host of slain. Twelve elephants, 50 camels, and other spoil were captured, and the routed enemy pursued eight miles. 1841. Fort Napanee taken. — Major Vivian, proceeding with a detachment and battering-train to reduce the fort of Napanee, in the south Mahratta country, held by some refractory Arabs, arrived before that fortress on the 19 th February, and encamped. Having ascertained that the pettah, which was to the eastward, ran close up to the only gateway of the fort, outside which the enemy had taken a position in a battery of 3 guns on the crest of the glacis, the major ordered the light com- pany of H. M.’s 4th regiment, Capt. Faunce, a company of the 26th rifles, Capt. Bayley, and of the 18th regiment N.I., Lieut. Stevens, with a 9 -pounder under Capt. Burgoyne, to the attack. On the 20th the battery was carried at daybreak, and its late defenders driven into the pettah. The British force having gained possession of a portion of that work, put the 9 -pounder in posi- tion, and opened a brisk fire upon the works, until the enemy’s guns were silenced. February 21 . 1586. Werle Taken. — Mar- tin Schenck, said to have been a native of Guelderland, who in the course of this year was knighted by the Earl of Leicester, then Go- vernor-Gen. of the Netherlands, at an early period identified him- self with "the war of England in support of the Huguenots against the Prince of Palma. His name is among the first mentioned with praise in the despatches of the earl, as having done good ser- vice against the common foe ; and during the latter part of the month of January, Schenck seem- February 21. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 53 ed to have been in communica- tion with, and under the orders of Leicester. With respect to this particular affair, in a letter pre- served in the Harl. MSS. dated the xxvi. of Feb ry , the earl says, “ Coronell Schenkes hath ageyn donn a notable pece of servyce. He hath taken a toun and castle of great importance for impech- ing the enemy in those partes. A place we have bynn busye about this good while to gett, and now by his dyllygence and dyscrete handling brought to effect. Hit ys a toun in Westfalia, the prin- cipal! toun of all that province called Werle .... This good fortune, God be thankyd, is now com to us.’ , The Lansdown MS. says that Schenck used “ a prety polyeie to surprice the toun,” bringing his soldiers within the gates in covered carts, giving out that they contained salt. He then, forming his men within the town, fell on the garrison, and, making great slaughter, took the place, all but the citadel. The accounts we have seen are at issue whether this citadel did or did not surrender; but, after some days’ stay, he abandoned his con- quest, carrying much spoil from the town, and fighting his way through the country. 1841. Surrender of Na- panee. — Major Vivian having secured the pettah and outer de- fences of Napanee, as mentioned in the preceding page, this short siege was on this day brought to a satisfactory result. After the success of Capt. Faunce’s detach- ment, the major established his mortars in a good position on the north-east of the fort, at about 700 yards’ range. The en- trance of the fortress was now completely in his power; and, shifting his camp a short distance to the rear, for the protection of his camp-followers, the shell practice commenced, and continu- ed with little intermission during the 20th. The fire of the enemy, which had in the early part of the morning answered the guns of the British with great energy, grew weaker and weaker, and in the evening, there being a dispo- sition shown on the part of the besieged to treat, our fire was suspended. But their refusing on the 21st to surrender at discre- tion, the mortar and guns again opened, and continued the can- nonade until one o’clock A. m., when the besieged made an unconditional surrender of the fortress. We had but 4 killed and 17 wounded ; a trifling amount of loss, which may be attributed to the admirable ar- rangements of Major Vivian. Fifty-six pieces of ordnance of all kinds were captured, and 350 prisoners taken. The enemy had about 20 men killed and 30 wounded. 1849. Battle of Goojerat. — The Sikhs under Shere Sing being joined by the forces of Chuttur Sing and 3000 Affghans under Dost Mohammed, the united strength amounted to 60,000 men, with 60 pieces of ar- tillery ; and on the 20th of Fe- bruary this army was encamp- ed around the town of Goojerat. The British, amounting to 25,000 men, commanded by Lord Gough, being joined by the Bombay co- lumn, attacked the enemy at half- past 7 on the morning of the 21st. After a well sustained can- nonade on both sides, and an obsti- nate resistance, the Sikhs were compelled to retire. The attack, which had been exclusively one of artillery, soon became general; foreseeing their retreat, Lord Gough advanced his whole force, and drove them out of their 54 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 22, camp. They fled in the utmost disorder, leaving baggage, stores, and 50 guns to the victors. From midday until dark the pur- suit of the enemy was continued. Many of the fugitives threw away their arms and dispersed, yrhile others fled to Jhelum, and saved themselves by taking all the ferry boats to the right bank. The loss of the British was 5 officers, and 92 rank and file, killed ; 23 officers, and 682 rank and file, wounded. February 22. 1760. Action near Patria. — Col. Calliaud, with a force consisting of 300 Europeans, chiefly composed of a detach- ment of the 1st Madras Euro- pean regiment, and 50 artil- lery, with 6 field-pieces, together with 1000 sepoys, having joined the army of Meer Jaffier, Subah- dur of Bengal, amounting to 15,000 men, attacked the invad- ing troops of Shah Zada, an In- dian ally of the Dutch. A few miles from Patria, Jaflfier’s army, under the command of his son Meeram, was nearly discomfited by the superior force opposed to it, when Col. Calliaud’s sepoys, by two well directed volleys and a determined charge, checked their career of success ; and then Jaf- fier’s horse, dashing in, completely routed them. Col. Calliaud urged Meeram to follow the track of the enemy ; but the pleasures of Patria detained him till the golden opportunity was lost. 1813. To punish the Ameri- cans posted at Ogdensburgh, for nocturnal attacks upon British property and militia posts on the Prescott side of the river, Major M‘Donald, Glengarry light in- fantry fencibles, proceeded on the morning of the 22nd Feb. across the frozen St. Lawrence, with two columns, consisting of detach- ments of the King’s regiment, the Glengarry fencibles, and militia, with some field-pieces. Both co- lumns, impeded in their advance by the deep snow, suffered from the cross fire of the enemy’s bat- teries; but the left column under Major M‘Donald moving forward, turned the right flank of the Americans, and drove them at the point of the bayonet through the town into the woods, — many taking shelter in the fort beyond the Black River, while some sharp- shooters that galled the troops from the houses of the town were dislodged by the fire of our field- pieces. The right column failed in an assault upon a battery of 7 guns. Capt. Jenkins, of the Glengarry fencibles, who com- manded, being wounded in both hands, Lieut. M 4 Auley gallantly continued the charge; but, un- supported by his reserve, still toiling through the snow, the as- sault was abandoned. Another attack by Major M‘Donald proved more successful. That officer having summoned the fort, and, getting no immediate answer, carried the eastern battery ; then turning the captured guns on the other part of the works, he si- lenced the re-opening fire. Capt. Eustace, with his company of the highland light infantry, then dashed into the fort in time to see its late defenders escaping into the woods beyond. Our loss amounted to 1 sergeant, and 7 rank and file, killed; 1 field officer, 2 captains, 5 subalterns, 4 sergeants, and 40 rank and file, wounded. The enemy, who had 500 men engaged, suffered severely. 1818. While Brigadier- General Smith was engaged with the Mah- rattas near Ashta, as shown on the 20th inst., Col. Deacon pro- February 23. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 55 ceeded to invest Chacun, a hill fort not far from Poonah. Having been joined by a breaching battery from that city, before the arrival of which he had already subju- gated two forts on his march, he entered upon the siege of Chacun, and opened his batteries on the 22nd, on which day the enemy surrendered at discretion. February 23. 1814. Crossing the Adour. The force under Lieut.-Gen. Sir John Hope, assembled on the banks of the Adour, on the 22nd of February, amounted to 28,000 men, with 20 pieces of artillery. During the night, the 1st division, with six 18-pounders, moved to- wards the river ; and at daybreak on the 23rd, having driven in the French pickets, the pontoon train and field artillery were brought down to the Adour opposite the village of Boucaut, and the 18- pounders placed in battery. The arrival of the flotilla intended to co-operate being . prevented by adverse winds, Sir J ohn Hope resolved to attempt the passage with the army alone. The French gunboats and corvette opened fire on our columns about 9 o’clock; but these were so se- verely handled by our artillery and rockets, that at about 1 o’clock they took refuge higher up the river. Meanwhile 60 men of the guards were rowed on a pontoon across the mouth of the river, in face of a French picket, who, seemingly scared by their au- dacity, retired without firing. The pontoon bridge being fixed, 600 of the guards, with the 60th regi- ment, and part of the rocket bat- tery under Col. Stopford, passed slowly across. Gen. Thouvenot, under the impression that the light division was with Hope, and that 15,000 men were embarked at St. Jean de Luz, to land be- tween Cape Breton and the Adour, detached only two batta- lions under Gen. Mocomble, to ascertain the state of affairs. This force making an attempt upon Stopford, was so discomfited by the discharge of rockets that they fled amazed, and with a loss of 30 wounded. Had Thouvenot placed a strong battery on the right bank, the British could not have passed the river in pontoons, nor could any vessels have crossed the bar. This error was fatal to the French. The British con- tinued to pass all night, and until 12 o’clock on the 24th, when the flotilla was seen under a press of sail, making, with a strong breeze, for the entrance of the river. This desperate pas- sage of the bar will be found de- tailed in our Naval columns. While these events were in pro- gress, Gen. Beresford held the line of the Bidouze down to its confluence with the Adour ; and, to distract the enemy, apparently made preparations for passing the river, until late on the 23rd, when he moved forward and drove Foy’s posts from the works at Oeyer- gave and Hastingues, into the intrenchments of the bridge-head at Peyrehorade. The allies lost 50 men, principally Portuguese ; but Soult’s right and centre were thus held in check, for Beresford having the 4th and ?th divisions and Vivian’s cavalry, was strong enough for Foy at Peyrehorade and Taupin at the Bastide of Bearn. 1818. Lieut.-Col. M‘Morrice, commanding Nagpore subsi- diary forces, detached Major A. Richards, on the 23rd of February, with 200 N. I. and 60 horse, to attack a party of matchlock-men from the fortress of Ghowraghur 56 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 24. who had taken position in the village of Gopaulgunge, in the hills, for the purpose of plunder- ing the country. Having driven in the pickets of the enemy at the entrance of the ghaut early in the morning, he stormed a hill on which the marauders were posted, drove them across the Sunkermuddy, and then dislodged them from the opposite banks, with a loss to the enemy of 100 men, killed or wounded, and 18 prisoners. February 24. 1760. Action near the River Etchemin. — The French, having collected 800 men at St. Michel, made a breastwork of felled trees at Burton’s redoubt, on the south side of the river, and on the 24th approached the priest’s house and church at Point Levi, but were driven back by a force under Ma- jor Dalling. Whereupon Briga- dier-Gen. Murray made a rapid march to the mouth of the river Etchemin ; and here an action en- sued for about three quarters of an hour, when the French, en- tirely routed, with great loss, fled by a road over the hills to the southward. 1797. Invasion of Wales. — A body of 1200 French convicts, under Brigadier Tate, were landed at Fishguard, South Wales, from two frigates, a corvette, and a lugger, their object being to burn the neighbouring towns and ra- vage the coast. This disaster was happily averted by the spirited loyalty of the peasantry, who, uniting with the militia and vo- lunteers under Lord Cawdor, the invaders were compelled to sur- render at discretion. 1814. Passage of the Gave d’OLERON. — On this day, a force under Morillo was placed to me- nace the fords of the Gave at Doguen, in order to draw the at- tention of the garrison of Navar- rens from the ford of Ville Nave, about three miles below Doguen, which was the point where Wel- lington designed to pass. A great concentric movement of the different corps now took place to effect this object ; and thus the whole of the French front was menaced on a line of twenty-five miles, but the principal force was above Sauveterre. Soult, alarmed by Picton opening a cannonade against the bridge-head of Sauve- terre, and by the vigour of that general’s demonstrations, aban- doned his works on the left bank, and destroyed the bridge. Mean- while the 6th division passed without opposition at Montfort, above Sauveterre, and at the same time the great body of the other troops coming down upon the ford of Ville Nave, crossed with trifling opposition. The heads of the columns immediately pushed forward, and the right of the allies was established near Lou- being, and the left towards Sauve- terre, whence the divisions of Villatte and Berton had been withdrawn by Clauzel. Taupin and Foy, being directed by Soult to retire from the lower parts of the Gave of Oleron towards the bridge of Bereux on the Gave of Pau, march upon Orthes, and break down all the bridges as they passed, the French divi- sions took a position to cover that movement. When the night fell, Harispe’s corps moved also over the bridge of Orthes, and D’Erlon was already established in that town; but Clauzel re- mained at Orion until the morn- ing of the 25th. 1841. Nazian Valley. — It being necessary to coerce a refrac- tory tribe inhabiting the Nazian February 25. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 57 valley, Affghanistan, in behalf of our ally, the Shah Soojah, a de- tachment, under Brigadier Skel- ton, on the morning of the 24th entered the Sarobi Pass. The Shah’s troops, supported by com- panies of H. M.’s 44th regiment and the 27th N. I., under Capts. Swayne and Scott, moved along the heights, to the right and left, with artillery wherever it was pos- sible to drag a gun, while the main body proceeded up the centre of the valley. The success of this move- ment was complete. Capt. Fer- ris, commanding the Shah’s troops, encountering the refractory tribe on the rising ground to the left of their position, pursued and dis- lodged them from almost inac- cessible fastnesses. Two forts that offered opposition were taken by assault ; the gates being blown open by Lieut. Pigou of the en- gineers, who was killed by the explosion. By the continued suc- cess from daybreak till 1 o’clock p. m., about eight miles of the Na- zian valley, studded with forts on either side, was taken posses- sion of by our troops. February 25. 1809. Reduction of Mar- tinique. — On this day the im- portant island of Martinique surrendered. The fire of the besiegers opened on the 19th, not only from the newly-raised batteries, but from the captured Fort Edward. A steady and spi- rited return was made for some hours, which gradually slackened till a few guns fired at intervals. The seamen and marines of the fleet were yet busy in getting cannon, howitzers, and mortars up to Mount Sourier, and ad- vanced batteries were to be ready for opening on the 26th ; but on the 23rd the French sent a flag of truce to Lieut.-Gen. Beckwith and Rear-Adm. the Hon. Sir Alexander Cochrane, the chiefs of the combined expedition. The proposals being refused, the bat- teries on both sides again opened their fire. On the morning of the 24th one of the magazines in the enemy’s fortress blew up, and shortly afterwards three flags of truce were shown by the garrison ; yet it was not until nearly midnight that the com- missioners who were to arrange the capitulation could agree* upon terms. On the 25th a de- tachment of British troops was put in formal possession of Mar- tinique. 1820. A British force in the Northern Guzerat, under Colonel Barclay, when passing the town of Nuggar, was fired upon, not- withstanding that Vakeels had previously arrived in the British camp imploring our clemency. Our artillery having opened upon the enemy, a battalion under Capt. Gilchrist, supported by detach- ments under Lieut. Spencer and Lieut. W. Reynolds, drove them from the town into the passes of the hills of Callunja. At noon a large body of their matchlock- men returned, and having fired upon our troops in the town, the detachment gallantly stormed the height, and completely routed them in fastnesses where they had never yet been conquered. We had but 2 killed and 20 wounded ; the loss of the enemy was considerable. 1841. The successes of the. 24th of February were crowned, by further conquest in the Naziari; valley. At the upper part this valley contracts into a narrow* defile with precipitous crags on v either side, many parts being de- fended by forts. On the morning* of the 25 th, Brigadier Skelton, 58 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 26. haying ordered an advance into this ravine, the enemy retired, firing occasionally upon our co- lumn. After a march of three miles, the valley again opened into a sort of plain — the heights on either side crowned with forts, which were soon gained by the valour of our troops. Other de- files and plains of this remarkable valley now presented themselves, until at length having sur- mounted every difficulty, about twelve miles of extent and eighty- four forts of the valley of Nazian were in our possession. Our loss in the two days was compara- tively small, being 18 killed and 34 wounded ; among the former, Capt. Douglas, assistant adjutant- general. February 26. 1813. SURRENDER OF PONZA. — The Island of Ponza, on the coast of Naples, was this day taken by a combined naval and military force. The 2nd bat- talion of the 10th regiment, un- der Lieut.-Col. Coffin, with the marines of the squadron, having effected a landing, covered by the guns of the ships, as detailed in our Naval columns, the enemy retired into the citadel ; but soon afterwards a flag of truce was held out, and the island surren- dered at discretion. 1814. Passage of the Gave. — Beresford, finding that Foy had abandoned the works at Peyre- horade, passed the Gave, partly by a pontoon bridge, partly by a ford. The French, rallying upon their reserves, turned and beat back the foremost of the pur- suers • but they did not await the coming up of the main body commanded by Beresford in per- son. In this affair, Major Sewell, an officer of the staff, who had frequently distinguished himself by his personal prowess, happen- ing to be without a sword, pulled a stake from a hedge, and with that weapon overthrew two hus- sars in succession, and only relin- quished the combat when a third had cut his club in twain. A detachment was then placed at Habas, on the left, to inter- cept the enemy’s communication with Dax; and Wellington caused the cavalry of Lord E. Somerset and the third division to cross the Gave by fords below the broken bridge of Bereux. Then, directing Beresford to take a po- sition on some heights near the village of Ba'ights, he threw a pontoon bridge at Bereux ; and thus, after a circuitous march of more than fifty miles with his right wing, he again united it with his centre, and secured a direct communication with Gen. Hope. 1841. Capture of Wang- tong. — It having been deter- mined by Commodore Sir Gordon Bremer to reduce North Wang- tong and Anunghoy, a battery raised during the night of the 25th of February on the island of South Wangtong opened its fire early on the morning of the 26th; and before noon the advancing squadron joined in the can- nonade. It might have been expected that North Wangtong — one continued battery of heavy guns, with an intrenched camp and 2000 defenders — would have made a serious resistance ; but the Chinese were instantly driven from their defences. The troops were then landed, consisting of the 26th Cameronians, detach- ments of the 49th regiment, 37th regiment N. I., Bengal volun- teers, and marines. The batteries of Anunghoy being also silenced, it was taken possession of by the February 27. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 59 marines and seamen under the direction of Capt. Senhouse of the Blenheim 74, Melville 74, and Queen steamer. February 27. 1814. Battle of Orthes. — Wellington, disposing his force in three columns, determined to attack Soult’s position at Orthes, which was on a ridge of hills partly wooded. Gen. Reille, having under him the divisions of Taupin, Roguet, and Paris, com- manded on the right, occupying all the ground from St. Boes to the centre. Count d’Erlon, with Foy’s and D’Armagnac’s divi- sions, was on the left of Reille, while Harispe and Villatte’s troops were under Clauzel, and occupied Orthes. Twelve guns were at- tached to the corps of Harispe, and 12 upon the round hill in the centre sweeping the ground beyond St. Boes, and 1 6 were in reserve on the Dax road. About 8 in the morning of the 27th February the 6th and light divisions crossed the Adour by a bridge of boats. Hill remain- ed with the 2nd British and Le Cor’s Portuguese divisions, me- nacing the bridge of Orthes and the ford of Sonars. Beresford, with the 4th and 7th divisions and Vivian’s cavalry brigade, were ordered to carry the village of Boes on the right, and to as- sault the hill above it. Picton, with the 3rd and 6th divisions and a brigade of cavalry under Lord Edward Somerset, was to march on the centre and left, whilst the light division under Baron Alten advanced up a ra- vine between these columns, to give support where required. Hill was to cross the river with his corps by a ford two miles above Orthes, to gain a point in the enemy’s rear, and thus cut off his communication with the town of Pau. About 9 o’clock, after some skirmishing on both sides, Wellington commenced the real attack. The 3rd and 6th divi- sions won without difficulty the lower part of the ridges opposed to them, extending their left along the enemy’s front; but the main battle was on the other flank. There Gen. Cole, with Ross’s brigade and Vasconcello’s Por- tuguese, assailed St. Boes ; but it was in vain that the allies, with desperate valour, struggled time after time to spread a front beyond the village. The combat had continued with unabated fury on the side of St. Boes for nearly three hours, when the British troops retreated with some diffi- culty. At this moment a detach- ment on Picton’s left being re- pulsed, Soult put all his reserves in movement, to complete the success. But Wellington, sup- porting Ross with Anson’s bri- gade, backed by the 7th division and Vivian’s cavalry, ordered the 3rd and 6th divisions to fall upon Foy’s left flank, and the 52nd regiment to cross the marsh in front, mount the ridge beyond, and assail the flank and rear of the troops engaged with the 4th division at St. Boes. This gallant regiment, headed by Col. Col- borne, with a mighty shout dashed forwards between Foy and Tau- pin, scattering a French battalion in their course. This sudden burst from a quarter where no attack was expected threw the enemy into confusion ; and the disorder spreading to Reille’s wing, he also was obliged to fall back. The narrow pass behind St. Boes being thus opened, Wel- lington thrust the 4th and 7th divisions, Vivian’s cavalry, and two batteries through. Thus the 60 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 28: victory was secured ; for the 3rd and 6th divisions had now won D’ Armagnac’s position, and plant- ed a battery on a knoll, whence the shot bore with destructive effect upon the French masses from one flank to another. These divisions continued to advance, and the wings of the army were united. Soult made strong efforts to cover the re -formation of Foy’s disordered troops; but only two-thirds of the allies had yet been engaged. When Wellington changed his plan of attack, Hill, with 12,000 men, forded the river above Souars, and seized the heights above, cut off the French from the road to Pau, and turned the town of Orthes, thus menacing Soult’s only line of retreat by Salespice to St. Sever, at the very moment the 52nd, having opened the defile of St. Boes, effected the junction of the wings of the allies. Up to this moment the French yielded step by step without con- fusion, the allies advancing with incessant musketry and can- nonade ; but now the danger of being cut off becoming imminent, the French ranks dispersed, and such a rush was made to gain the fords that the whole country was covered with the fugitives. Somer- set and Cotton’s hussars then breaking in, sabred above 200 men, and the 7th hussars cutoff about 2000 ; yet, from some con- fusion, their greater part escaped, and the pursuit ceased at the Luy de Bearn. The French army was not so much disordered as it appeared to be, for Soult passed the river with the loss of only 6 guns and less than 4000 men killed and wounded. The loss of the allies was 2300, of which 50, with 3 officers, were taken pri- soners; but among the wounded were Lord W ellington, by a musket ball, just above the thigh, Gens. Walker and Ross, and the Duke of Richmond, then Lord March. 1818. — The fortress of Talmain was taken by assault by the 1st di- vision of the Deccan army, under Sir Thomas Hislop ; and, in con- sequence of the treachery on the part of the killidar in command, the garrison were put to the sword. Major Gordon, H. M.’s Royal Scots, and 3 grenadiers, were lolled, and Lieut. -Col. Mur- ray, D. A. G., wounded. February 28. 1752. Surrender of Conje- veram. — The defences of Conje- veram pagoda had been ruined by the English on their capture of that fortress the preceding year ; but soon after the forces returned into Madras the French and their Indian allies again oc- cupied their old post. The En- glish under Clive once more ap- pearing before Conjeveram, those of its defenders who did not aban- don it, surrendered on 28th Feb., and consented to be taken into British pay. 1794. — Bellegarde, the popular leader of the mulattoes and ne- groes at Martinique, after Sir George Grey had forced him from his position at Sourier, dislodged from all fortified posts, surren- dered on 28th February, with 300 of his followers. 1816. Action near Muck- wampore. — During our war with the Rajah of Nepaul, in the early part of this year, one of its first successes was the action obtained by Major- Gen. Ochterlony, wdth a British and native infantry force. On the 27th Februaiy, in the evening, he took up his posi- tion on a plain immediately to the southward of the hills cover- ing the fortified heights and de- February 29. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 61 fences of Muckwampore; whilst a neighbouring height, on the left Hank of our army, was occu- pied by a detachment of H. M.’s 87th regt. and other troops on the morning of the 28th, the enemy having abandoned it soon after the English reached the plain. The rajah’s troops still held a post on the same ridge of hills which threatened our right, though there was for some time no demonstration of attack ; but soon after noon, large bodies of the enemy were in motion. One of these made a desperate attack upon a reconnoitring party es- corted by a detachment of the 87th regiment, and obliged it to fall back; while the whole force of the enemy, advancing in four divisions, concentrated their at- tack upon a village occupied by a small detachment of the 2nd battalion of 25th native infantry under Lieut. Terrell of the marine regiment. Bearing the brunt of this attack for some time, that officer nobly fell, and the defence was ably carried on by Lieut. Kerr, of the 12 th regiment, until a battalion of the 25th and the light company of the 87th ar- rived to his support. The enemy, now reinforced by fresh troops, showed a good front, Their guns did much execution, while our ar- tillery was with difficulty brought into play, — one 6 -pounder only reaching the summit of the hill. For two hours did our troops gal- lantly maintain the contest with- out gaining ground ; but the timely arrival of the 8 th N. I. soon decided the battle. Col. Miller ordered a charge in the direction of the enemy’s guns, which was executed with such spirit, that the Nepaulese were totally routed, and, destroying their magazines, they made a hurried retreat to Muckwampore. Some hundreds were killed and wounded, and many made pri- soners. February 29., 1752. Action at Coverpank. — Chunda Saib, the ally of France, recommencing his incur- sions on the English district, after abandoning Conjeveram, was re- j inforced by 400 French troops and 2000 sepoys, with artillery. With this force he proceeded to Arcot, and, failing to obtain possession of that place by trea- chery, they decamped from the pettah. Clive in the meantime was searching for them with 380 Europeans, 2300 sepoys, and 6 field-pieces. On the evening of the 29 th of February, while on the road to Arcot, our troops were suddenly fired upon by 9 guns, from a grove of Mango trees, within the distance of 250 yards. The main body imme- diately found shelter in a dry watercourse, — the baggage being sent into the rear, with a gun to protect it; and another detach- ment, with two guns, despatched to oppose the cavalry of Chunda Saib, appearing on the plain 2500 strong, the three remaining field-pieces returned the fire of the French. As the moon rose, the French infantry attacked the • British in the watercourse. The opposing columns met in this narrow defile, and for two hours were sharply engaged, when Clive, ascertaining that their rear was unprotected, detached a force, under Lieut. Keene, to make a circuit and then assail the ene- my in that quarter. Having discovered a way into the grove unperceived by the enemj r , and opening his fire when close upon them, the effect was astounding. The French were routed, and 62 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. March 2 abandoned their guns; while some of the fugitives, reaching the watercourse, spread the alarm, and they fled in all directions, — the cavalry of their allies, on the plain, following their example. Our loss amounted to 40 Eu- ropeans and 30 sepoys killed, and many wounded; whilst that of the enemy was very great. 1760. — Trinomalee, a fortress held by a Erench and native garrison, surrendered to a force sent against it by Col. Coote, — Capt. Smith, 1st Madras European regiment, with a detachment of that corps and some sepoys. Mak- ing but little defence, the garrison surrendered at discretion. March 1. 1664. — The 1st, or “Royal regiment of dragoons, ” then only a troop of horse, forming part of the garrison of Tangier, held by the Earl of Teviot for Charles II. of England, made a gallant sally upon the Moors before that fortress, routed a large body of the enemy, and captured a standard. 1816. Actiox ox the Height of Hueriarpore. — A British force under Col. Kelly despatched towards the fortress Hurriarpore, consisting of H. M.’s 24th regt., the 18th native infantry, 2nd battalion of the 21st native in- fantry, and the Chumparun light infantry, the whole under com- mand of Lieut. -Col. 0‘Halloran, marched before daybreak on the 1st of March, and at 6 o’clock dislodged the enemy’s picket from its advantageous position. No sooner was the loss of the height perceived by the garrison than a desperate attempt was made for its recovery. Opening a fire from a gun in the stockade for a short time, while they were collecting 1 their forces, a horde of Goorkahs sallied forth, and an uninterrupt- ed fire of musketry continued for some hours. At length some guns and howitzers were brought up, and the British were soon in undisputed possession of their conquest. The utmost exertions were now used to get guns up to the height for the purpose of re- ducing the fortress; but the next day the stockade and fort of Hur- riarpore were abandoned, and the British troops took immediate possession. Our loss amounted to 8 men, killed ; Brevet-Major Hughes, Capt. Smith, and Lieut. 0‘Leary of H. M.’s 24th regt., foot, Capt. Lindsay, artillery, and Lieut. De Vaux, Chumparun light infantry, with 46 non-commis- sioned officers and men, wounded. The slaughter of the enemy showed the recklessness of their attack: — the luckless Goorkahs lay in heaps around the height they attempted to regain, and some two or three hundred pri- soners brought in, were, for the most part, wounded. March 2. 1781. Lieut.-Col. Tarleton, with the light company of guards and 150 men of Lieut.- Col. Webster’s brigade, detached from the British army under Lord Cornwallis, then encamped at Allamance Creek, routed a large body of Americans com- manded by Col. Preston, and cap- tured many prisoners. 1805. Meer Khan, pursued - since the 8th of February by Major- Gen. Smith with the 8th, 27th, and 29th light dragoons, and 1st, 3rd, and 6th regiments of native cavalry, strengthened by Skinner’s horse, was at length come up 'with, on the 2nd of March, near Afzulghur, posted Mar eft 3. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 63 under some hills. 1400 of our regular cavalry and Skinner’s horse, having forded the river Ramgonga in their front, were advancing, when an ambuscade of infantry sprang suddenly upon them from a nullah. A charge from the 8th light dragoons, however, soon routed the enemy with heavy loss ; and their dis- comfiture was now complete. The loss of the British amounted to 9 killed and 30 wounded: among the latter, Major Carden and Capt. Burke, 29th regiment; Capt. Gore and Lieut. Bunce, 27th dragoons. 1814. Combat op Aire — Whilst the main body of the British army remained on the right bank of the Adour until the bridges were repaired, Gen. Hill, who was on the left bank, moved in two columns from St. Savin and St. Gillies, on the 2nd of March, to seize the magazines at Aire. Reaching his destination at 3 o’clock, with two divisions of infantry, a brigade of cavalry, and a battery of horse artillery, he was surprised to find that Gen. Clauzel had arrived in the morning, and was in order of battle, covering the town with Villatte’s and Harispe’s divi- sions, — posted on a steep ridge overlooking the river on the right, but merging into a plain on the left, over which the great road led to Pau. Hill imme- diately commenced the attack, by Gen. Stewart with two British brigades assailing the French right ; a Portuguese brigade moved upon their centre ; and the other brigades followed in columns of ‘ march. The Portu- guese were met by Harispe on the summit of the height with such firmness that they gave way in flight. The rear columns of the allies being still in march, the fate of the battle seemed endangered; but Gen. Stewart, having won the heights on the French right, instantly detached Gen. Barnes with the 50th and 92nd regiments to the aid of the Portuguese. The gallant charge of these troops turned the tide of affairs : the French were broken and thrown back upon their reserves; yet they rallied and came forward again courageously, fighting with determination until Byng’s British brigade arrived, when Harispe was driven to- wards the river Lees, and Villatte beyond the town of Aire. The French lost many men ; and among the wounded were Gens. Dauture and Gasquet. The Bri- tish had 150 killed and wounded. Gen. Barnes was wounded, and Col. Hood killed. 1818. Singhur, a strong hill fort near Poonah, surrendered to Brigadier -General Pritzler, com- manding a division of the army of the Deccan. 1821. An expedition under Major-Gen. Sir Lionel Smith, sent against the pirates in the Persian Gulf, in an advance upon the tribe of Beni Boo Ali, captured the whole of the forti- fied positions. The brunt of the action fell upon a part of the 65th regiment, the 1st battalion of the 7th N. I., and the brigade under Lieut.-Col. Warren. March 3 a 1759. Fort Concale. — Capt. Macleane was detached from the British army under Col. Forde, on the 3rd of March, to attempt the capture of the small fort of Concale, in which the French had left 13 Europeans, with two companies of sepoys, for its de- fence. The garrison, expecting succour, made a determined re- CALENDAR OF VICTORY IVlarch ft. £4 sistance, and twice repelled every attempt to force the wicket. Two guns being brought up from the camp, the gates were beaten in, and the place speedily carried by assault. 1779. Action near Brier’s Creek. — The American Gene- rals Lincoln and Ashe were anxious to shut in the English forces at Brier Creek, on the Sa- vannah, where they had retreated from Augusta ; but Lieut. -Col. Prevost, in command of the British army, determined not to have his communication with the frontier settlements interrupted. Gen. Ashe, with 1500 militia and some regulars, having approached wfithin a day’s march, the colonel, taking the grenadier companies of the 60th regiment, 2nd bat- talion of the 71st regiment, Sir James Baird’s light infan try, some provincial light dragoons, in all 900 men, crossed the river about thirteen miles above Hudson’s Ferry, and got in the rear of Ashe’s encampment unperceived. Major Macpherson at the same time approached the enemy with the 1st battalion of the 71st regi- ment, some irregular troops, aud two field-pieces. Immediately that Col. Prevost found that the enemy's attention was engaged in this quarter, he threw the whole strength of the troops upon the rear of the Americans, and completely routed them : 150 fell in the action and pursuit ; and numbers were drowned in their attempts to escape across the river. Several stands of co- lours, 7 pieces of cannon, and all their baggage fell into our hands. Two hundred men, including 27 officers and Brigadier- Gen. Elbert (second in command), were made prisoners. The Americans were so completely dispersed that many of the militia returned to their homes. Thus, out of a force estimated at 2000 men, Gen. Ashe brought back about 450 to Gen. Lincoln. Our loss was only 5 men killed, 1 officer and 10 privates wounded. IVIarcli ft. 1759. Surrender of Surat. — On the 9th of Feb., a force embarked on board some armed vessels belonging to the East India Company at Bombay, con- sisting of 850 European infantry, including artillery, and 1500 se- poys, under command of Capt. Richard Maitland, Royal Artil- lery, to proceed against the city and citadel of Surat, held by the Seydees, under Moyen-ud-Deen. The British forces landed at Den- tilowry, nine miles from their point of attack, and encamped for several days to refresh the troops. This delay, however, made the enemy fully prepared by the time the expedition reached Surat. It was late in Feb. before Capt. Maitland, having driven the gar- rison within the walls, had esta- blished his batteries against the outer town. But little impression being made on the walls after a cannonade of three days, it was determined to attack by sea and land. Accordingly the Company’s grabs and bomb-ketches warped up the river, — at night anchoring off the town. At daybreak, having opened a fire, the troops, which had been re- embarked for the purpose, were landed in the heart of one of the enemy’s out- works, where they gallantly routed the Seydees. In this at- tack, Capt. Robert In glis, of the Company’s infantry, fell, mortally wounded. The outer works of the town thus gained, a battery of one 13- and two 10-inch mortars was speedily established, and March 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 65 bore upon the inner town and citadel with such effect, that the garrison proposed to open the gates of the town if the firing ceased. This being acceded to, Capt. Maitland marched into Surat with drums beating and colours flying, and the city and citadel were surrendered to the British on the 4th March, 1795. Our casualties in the expedition were 2 captains, 2 subalterns, and about 146 non-commissioned of- ficers and privates, killed ; and 60, including some officers, wounded. It appears that Capt. Maitland, who so ably conducted the expedition, died in India in the year 1763. 1791. Defeat near Banga- lore. — The British army, com- manded by Lord Cornwallis, on the march in the Mysore country to undertake the siege of Ban- galore, having deceived Tippoo Saib, by the celerity of its move- ments, had advanced a consider- able distance towards its point of attack before the enemy appeared in any strength. On the 4th of March the cavalry of Tippoo made an unsuccessful attack on the baggage, then within a few miles of Bangalore, but being de- terminedly met, were completely foiled in their attempt. Their at- tack was renewed on the follow- ing day ; but the English held their own, and having suffered but few casualties, arrived with their baggage and all the material of war before Bangalore. March 5. 1760. Permacoil, a strongly fortified rock and pettah, situated about seventy-two miles from Madras, having admitted a French garrison within its walls, the killidar, after the success of the English atWandewash, sent to Col. Coofe, requesting his aid to rid them of the French, who had possessed themselves of the fort by a surprise. Coote ap- peared with his army before Per- macoil by the latter part of Feb., seized upon the pettah, and drove the intruders into the lower fort. Some days afterwards he pos- sessed himself of the lower works ; but pushing the advantage he had gained to the walls of the upper fort, he had an officer and some men killed, and was himself, with many others, wounded. On the following day, the 3rd March, the fire of the garrison slackened from want of ammunition ; and on the 5th of March, after some nego- tiation, Permacoil surrendered. 1762. The Island of Grenada, in the West Indies, surrendered without opposition to the troops under Brigadier-Gen. Walsh and a squadron under Commodore Swanton. With this island the cluster of the Grenadillas also fell into our possession. 1811. Battle of Barosa. — While Marshal Victor, with 1 6,000 men, invested Cadiz, a British and Portuguese force, about 4000 strong, commanded by Lieut. - Gen. Graham, sailed from that port on the 21st of Feb., with the intention of falling on the rear of the blockading army. Finding it impracticable to effect a land- ing nearer than Algesiras, Gra- ham disembarked his troops at that place ; and, marching thence, was reinforced at Tarifa by 7000 Spaniards, under Gen. La Pena, who now took the command. After an arduous march across the mountains, and traversing the Lake of Junda, reinforced by ail additional 1600, the allied force now amounted to 11,200 foot, and 800 horse, with 24 pieces of artillery. Victor finding his left menaced by a body of Spa- s’ 66 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. March 6, liiards under De Zayas, concen- trated all his troops near Chi- clana. On the morning of the 5 th of March the allies reached the low ridge of Barosa, about four miles from the entrance of the Santi Petri river. La Pena moved with the main body of his troops to the heights of Bermeja, whilst Graham marched along the coast in a parallel direction. In a short time a French division appeared on his right flank, and another, under Victor in person, ascended the Barosa ridge, which the Bri- tish had just quitted, and where they had left only a weak rear- guard. Instantly countermarch- ing his small force, Graham di- rected Gen. Dilkes, with the right brigade, against the height, whilst the left, under Col. IVheatlev, at- tacked the division beyond the wood upon the plain. Ten guns, under Major Duncan, having opened upon this corps, which was commanded by Leval, the in- fantry soon became closely en- gaged. The first line 6f the French, by the gallant charge of the 87th regiment and some compauies of the Coldstream, was driven upon the second in great confusion, leaving an eagle in possession of the 87th. Mean- while Dilkes was met on the brow of the hill by the troops under Gen. Ruffin ; and, after a sharp struggle, the French were driven from the eminence, leaving 3 guns, and many slain. The retiring divisions, as they met, attempted a new formation, but the British artillery did such exe- cution on this column that they crowded away in tumult and dis- order, followed by a small body of cavalry under Col. Hon. Fred. Ponsonbv, who succeeded in cap- turing two howitzers. The ex- hausted state of our troops ren- dered pursuit impossible, and 1 they were halted for several hours on the eastern face of the ridge' which they had so valiantly won. The results of the victory were, the capture of six pieces of artil- lery and about 500 prisoners, in- cluding Gens. Ruffin and Rous- seau, who both died of their wounds. The French lost more than 3000 in killed, wounded, and prisoners; while the British, out of 4000 men, had 202 killed, in- cluding 7 officers, and 1040, in- cluding 55 officers, wounded. During this critical engagement Gen. Graham received no support from the Spaniards, nor did La Pena make any effort to cut off Victor’s retreat. This he could have effectually accomplished, had he pushed boldly toward Chiclana; and then he would have completed the object of the expedition — raising the siege of Cadiz. March 6. 1696. The town of Givet was bombarded by the English under Lord Athlone, destroying stores laid up by the French for the coming campaign. 1743. The Spaniards formed a camp at St. Augustine, with the intention of preparing a se- cond expedition against the En- glish settlement of Georgia. Gen. Oglethorpe, receiving intimation of their intention, landed a force on the 6th March at St. Mathew, on St. John’s river, and pro- ceeded directly to St. Augustine. The Spaniards, abandoning their camp, retired with precipitation into the town, and were pur- sued with success to the very walls. The troops employed in this enterprise consisted of de- tachments of his own regiment, the highlanders, the rangers, and a large body of Indians. March 7. CALENDAR OF VICTORY* 67 1799. Action at Seedasseer. — Gen. Stuart, with the Malabar army, on his way to. join Gen. Harris, then moving upon Serin- gapatam, was attacked by Tippoo Saib with about 15,000 of his best troops, while the English had not 6000 men, and only about 1600 of these Europeans, to op- pose him. On the 6 th March Gen. Hartley was sent forward to reconnoitre ; but before the haze of the morning had cleared away, the advance of the British was attacked by the enemy in force. Three battalions of native infantry, under Col. Montresor, for some time bore the brunt of the action, and for more than six hours the advance had to contend with several thousands of the enemy. Gen. Stuart, after de- feating a division of Tippoo’s troops which intercepted his ad- vance, at length came up with the mam body, who, being sharply at- tacked, retired through the jungle to their camp at Periapatam, leav- ing upwards of 1000 men slain; while our killed, wounded, and missing, only amounted to 143 men. 1813. French driven from Alcoy. — Lieut.-Gen. Sir John Murray, at Alicant with the Anglo-Sicilian army and some Spanish troops, as a preliminary step toward driving the French from a mountain in his front, resolved upon the surprise of about 1500 men at Alcoy. To effect this, the allied troops, on 6th March, moved in four co- lumns to the attack, each by a different route. The French re- tired, followed by the 2nd bat- talion of the 27th regiment, led by Gen. Donkin, till it joined Habert’s division. The French had now concentrated beyond Alcoy, where they drew up in order of battle. Lord Fred. Ben- tinck, with one column of the at- tacking force, turned the enemy’s right, and the 58th regiment coming up, the whole of the French retreated. Thus the al- lied army occupied Alcoy with but little loss, which chiefly fell upon the 27th regiment. Marcli 7« 1791. Bangalore Pettah stormed. — The British army un- der Lord Cornwallis having ar- rived before Bangalore on the 4th of March, attacked the pettah of the fortress, comprising a large walled town, which was carried by assault. The ladders required by the assailants to storm the place proving of inefficient length, the troops had to wait until the gate of the town was blown open by artillery. Among the slain at the gate was Lieut.-Col. Moorehouse, who rose from the ranks to be so esteemed for his scientific at- tainments, gallantry, and noble bearing, that a monument at the public expense was raised to his memory in the church of Madras. Tippoo, now making a feigned at- tack on Cornwallis’s right, threw his whole strength upon the pettah ; but, after a short inter- change of musketry, the enemy were driven at the point of the bayonet from street to street, and finally out of the town, with the loss of upwards of 2000 men. Our casualties during the whole day were about 131 of all ranks. 1825. Pagoda stormed. — That division of our army en- gaged in the Burmese war under command of Brigadier- Gen. Cot- ton, after taking the stockades at Panglang, proceeded up the river; but it was not till the 7th March that a landing was effected, the British flotilla being then close to the stockaded works of 68 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. March 8. the Burmese around Donabew. A force, consisting of H. M.’s 47th and 89th regiments, with the 1st Madras European regiment, having landed to attack a stock- ade, the defence of a white pagoda, the troops advancing in two columns commanded by Col. O’Donoghue and Major Basden, almost simultaneously stormed and carried it, — Sergeant Gwyn, followed by Capt. Roy, being the first to enter the work. Two hundred and thirty men were killed in the stockade, and 374 taken prisoners. Three guns and much ammunition were captured. An attack on two other stockades, extending along the river, prov- ing unsuccessful, in which Capts. Rose and Cannon gallantly fell, our troops were re-embarked during that night. March 8. 1748. Reduction of St. Do- mingo. — Rear-Adm. Knowles, in H.M.S. Canterbury, with a small fleet, sailed from Jamaica about the middle of February, accom- panied by Governor Trelawney, with the intention of attacking St. Iago de Cuba. Being baffled by contrary winds, he abandoned his original design, and on the 8th of March appeared before Port Louis, Island of St. Do- mingo, which was well fortified, mounted 78 guns, and had a gar- rison of 600 men. The fleet anchored close to the walls ; while some fire-ships sent out by the enemy were towed harmlessly away. About three hours from the time the ships opened their fire, the French were driven from their guns. An offer was then made to surrender on terms, and after some negotiation, it was agreed that the troops in garri- son should march out with the ho- nours of war. Major Scott, with the troops and the marines of the fleet, took possession the same night. Our loss amounted to 19 killed and 60 wounded; that of the French to 126 killed, and a considerable number wounded. 1796. The Dutch island of Banda, East Indies, and its de- pendencies surrendered to a squadron under Rear-Admiral Rainier. 1801. Landing in Egypt. — The expedition under Lieut.-Gen. Abercromby, on board the fleet, commanded by Adm. Lord Keith, which left Marmorice Bay on 23rd February, anchored in Aboukir Bay on 2nd March. During the succeeding five days the state of the weather prevented the de- barkation; but on the evening of the 7th it became moderate. Early on the morning of the 8th, the troops forming the first divi- sion of the army, consisting of the flank companies of the 40th and the 23rd regiment, under Major- Gen. Moore, on the right, of the 28th, 42nd, and 58th, under Major. -Gen. Coote, in the centre, of the brigade of guards, the Cor- sican rangers, the royals, and the 54th regiment, under the Hon. Major- Gen. Ludlow, on the left, got into the boats ; and at 3 o’clock, the whole, amounting to 5230 men, proceeded to rendez- vous alongside a sloop of war, just out of reach of gunshot of the shore; but it was not until after 8 that the arrangements were completed. About 9 o’clock, the signal being made to advance, the line moved steadily forward in admirable order, the soldiers sitting with their unloaded mus- kets between their knees. In a short time, a fire opened upon them from fifteen guns planted on the sand-hills, and from the artillery in Aboukir Castle. No- March 9, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 69 thing daunted, the boats were im- pelled onwards with increased ardour amidst enthusiastic cheers, until they reached the strand ; when the troops, leaping into the water, were rapidly formed, though under an incessant dis- charge of musketry from above 2000 men. Having loaded, they pushed forward with an intre- pidity scarcely paralleled, and although the force that first as- cended the sand-hills only con- sisted of the 23rd regiment and flank companies of the 40th under Col. Spencer, they, by a furious charge, drove the enemy from their position, leaving 7 field-pieces and a number of horses in the hands of the assailants. Their gallant bearing was warmly eulogised by the Commander-in- chief, who also commended the good order in which the 28th and 42nd regiments landed. While the right thus carried all before it, the guards were charged by two squadrons of horse, which they soon put to flight by a well directed volley; and a corps of infantry endeavouring to sustain the broken horsemen, was driven back by the steady bearing of the 58th regiment. At this moment the royals and 5 4th reaching the the shore, attacked 600 infantry, advancing through a hollow upon the flank of the guards; and after an exchange of volleys, the enemy fled in confusion. The debarkation of the first division was now complete, and the battle won; for the enemy had aban- doned their position, and were in full retreat towards Alexandria, covered by a cloud of tirailleurs. The boats immediately re- turned for the second division; and before night the whole army, with trifling exceptions, had landed and advanced towards the enemy. Mar eli 9 . 1741. Landing at Cartha- gena. — On the 9th of March com- menced the attack upon, and land- ing at Carthagena, the fleet under Adms. Vernon and Ogle, the army commanded by Gen. Wentworth. 1783. Bednore taken. — Gen. Mathews being in posses- sion of Bednore, sent two bat- talions of sepoys to take the pettah and invest the fort ; which duty they gallantly performed, but suffered considerably by the explosion of a mine which blew up 80 men. The killidar being now driven into his citadel, which was too strong to be taken with- out artillery, General Mathews moved from Bednore with a re- quisite force, and regularly sat down before the place. Batteries were thrown up and opened with such good effect, that though suffi- cient time was hardly allowed them to make a practicable breach in the walls, the garrison capitu- lated on the 9th of March, after sustaining a cannonade of thirty hours’ duration. 1818. PlNDARREES ROUTED AT Hurala. — Lieut. -Col. the Hon. L. Stanhope, being in pursuit of Cheetoo, the chief of the Pin- darrees, on learning that he was with three or four hundred fol- lowers at Tee, situated in a valley to the southward of Sudore, marched on the instant with 170 men of the 17 th dragoons, under Capt. Adams, in the hope of taking the renowned Cheetoo by surprise. On arriving at Tee, he found that the Pindarrees and their chief had taken alarm and fled ; but overtaking them at Hurala in the same valley, he completely routed them, and then pursued the fugitives between fourteen and fifteen miles, until they dispersed into the jungle. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. March 10 1842. Lieut.-Col. G. P. Wymer, with the 6th and 38th regiments of Bengal native infantry and some troops of horse, was de- tached by Major-Gen. Nott, com- manding at Candahar, to protect the villagers on the left bank of the Urgnndab river, against ma- rauders of the rebel army of Prince Suftur - Jung and other Affghan chiefs. When preparing to encamp within sight of the enemy’s force on the opposite side of the river, he learnt that a large body of troops was closing him in, by occupying a pass in his rear. He immediately strength- ened his rear-guard, and, with the 38th regiment, 4 guns under Lieut. Turner, a party of Skin- ner’s horse under Lieut. Travers, and other troops, effectually cleared the pass. Then, with two companies of the 38th regiment, he scoured the heights so com- pletely as to disperse the enemy in that quarter. Lieut.-Col. Macla- ren who was left in charge of the main body and convoy of provi- sions, had in the meantime dis- lodged a party of the enemy from a village in his front with a de- tachment of the 6th regiment and some cavalry. March 10. 1805 . Defeat neae Ameooh. — During the pursuit of Ajnir Khan by Gen. Smith, Captain Murray, sent by Col. Brown with a party of horse to escort treasure from Morandabad to camp, being surrounded by the Amir’s troops, took refuge in a village near Amrooh. On the 10th March the enemy attacked in great force ; but he succeeded in defeating them, with the loss of their chief in command. A movement made by Col. Brown to Capt. Murray’s relief having caused Amir Khan to retreat toward Chandpore, his baggage-guard was attacked at night by Capt. Murray, who killed or wounded about 500, and cap- tured all the baggage of the fugitive Amir Khan. 1625. Major Thomas, acting against Dungurpore, with a squadron of 1st light cavalry and a detachment of infantry, hearing that the Cheboodrah, a strong building in the centre of the town, commanding the only well from which the place could be supplied with water, was without a garrison, determined to make a dash to gain possession of it. While Capt. Hunter, with the cavalry and some sepoys,made a demonstration outside the walls to the south of the town, a party of 150 men and some irregular troops under Major Irwin crept in by a broken wicket unper- ceived, and Lieut. Crackton, with 30 men, escaladed a bastion on the western face. By these move- ments a party was thrown into the Cheboodrah under Lieutenant Darke, which the enemy in vain tried to dislodge. The conse- quence was the evacuation of the fort and pettah by the insurgents, and the capture of the rajah. 1840. By requisition of Capt. Ross, the East India Company's political agent at Jhansi, Capt. Beatson, commanding the Bundle- cund legion, with 500 infantry, 250 cavalry, and 2 field-pieces, attacked a force of insurgents, strongly intrenched on a hill, with a fort in their rear. To this fort the rebels were obliged to fly, being driven from their trenches by the artillery and sepoy troops under Capt. Barry and Lieut Wardroper, with Lieut. Prender- gast, 44th regiment, who served as a volunteer. The fort was capable of a long defence, but the garrison abandoned it during the ni-ht. March 11. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 1842. Defence of Candahar. — Gen. Nott, having proceeded to the aid of Lieut. -Col. Wymer, engaged on the hanks of the Urgundab, left the city of Can- dahar under charge of Major C. R. W. Lane. Perceiving that bodies of the enemy were gather- ing round its walls, that officer prepared for an attack. On the night of the 10th, the enemy having managed to set one of the gates on fire, which had been barri- caded by bags of grain, they ap- proached close under the works, exchanging a heavy fire with our soldiers on the ramparts. An attack was made upon an- other gate; but after engaging our troops — Bengal native infantry, detachments of H. M.’s 40th regi- ment, and artillery — till past mid- night, and being repulsed in all quarters, the enemy decamped. March 11« 1811 . Skirmish at Pombal. — Massena, discontinuing his retreat from Portugal, on the morning of 9th March concentrated the 6th and 8th corps and MontbruiTs cavalry on a table-land in front of Pombal, where some skirmish- ing took place with the light division. The enemy showing a disposition to accept battle, Wel- lington directed Gen. Nightin- gale, with a brigade of the 1st division and some cavalry, to observe the 2nd corps, while the other divisions, with the exception of the 4th, and the heavy cavalry at Thomar, were assembled around Pombal on the 10th. Massena, in the meanwhile, hav- ing sent his baggage over the Soure river during the night, by the bridge of Pombal, suddenly retired through that town, closely followed by the light division. The French army was moving in some confusion by a narrow de- file between the mountains and the Soure river, which was ford- able; and the British divisions were in rapid motion along the left bank, with the design, by crossing lower down, of cutting off Massena’s line of retreat : but darkness coming on, the opera- tion terminated with a sharp skirmish at Pombal; whence the 95th and the 3rd cagadores of the light division drove the French from the castle and town, with such vigour that the latter could not destroy the bridge, though already mined. The loss on either side did not exceed 70 in killed and wounded. 1818. Russaulghur, about forty miles SE. of Fort Victoria, one of the ghaut forts held by a kil- lidar for Bajee Row, the deposed Peishwa of Poonah, surrendered this day to Lieutenant-Colonel Kennedy. 1842. Sortie from Jella- labad. — At daybreak on the 11th March a sortie was made from the Peshawur gate by a force of 800 men of the 13th and 35th regiments, under Col. Dennie, to ascertain if the enemy had driven a mine in that direction. Whilst the attention of the enemy on the plain was engaged by a detach- ment of cavalry under Capt. Old- field, Capt. Broadfoot, with the sappers and miners, dislodged a strong picket from a commanding position. Having ascertained that the report was incorrect, the troops slowly retired, surrounded by large bodies of the enemy, who were kept in check by the fire from our works. The sally- ing party having sustained but trifling loss, now returned within the walls of Jellalabad. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. March 12. March 12. 1760. Surrender of Alam- paryah. — Col. Coote suffering from the effect of his wound re- ceived at Parmacoil, Major Mon- son carried on the siege of Alam- parvah, situated twenty-four miles to the north of Pondicherry. The batteries of the besiegers, raised during the nights of the 10th and 11th, opened on the morning of the 12th, and in three hours dis- mounted most of the guns on the enemy’s works. That afternoon the Chevalier Viart, the com- mandant, surrendered at discre- tion, with a garrison of 50 French- men and 150 sepoys. Our loss was inconsiderable ; but Lieut. Angus, of Col. Coote’s regiment, was wounded. The loss of this fort completed the capture of all the defences held by the French to the northward of Pondicherry. 1803. Cutchoura, held by a refractory zemindar in the ceded district of Oude, being invested, the breaching batteries opened on the morning of the 12th March. The garrison, attempting to es- cape by sallying through the besiegers, were attacked and pur- sued with great slaughter, and the fortress taken possession of. 1811. Action at Redinha. — It being the object of Wellington to save Coimbra, rather than force an immediate encounter with Massena, he retained the 4th division and the heavy cavalry from the relief of Badajoz, and was thus prepared for any sudden stroke when the occasion offered. At daybreak on the 12th March, both armies were in movement, and some slight skirmishing dur- ing a march of eight miles brought the head of the British in a hollow road leading to a high position, in which Ney had dis- posed 5000 infantry and a few squadrons of cavalry, with some light guns. His right rested on the ravine of the Soure, and his left on the Redinha, which passed round his rear. Behind him stood che village of Redinha, and beyond the stream were some rugged heights occupied by a division of infantry, a regiment of cavalry, and a battery of heavy guns. Sir William Erskine, commanding the light division, being directed to attack the wooded slopes on Ney’s right, the 52nd, 95th, and the ca 9 adores, with a company of the 43rd, car- ried the ascent and cleared the woods ; but the French battalions, supported by four guns, opened a heavy fire, whilst a charge of hussars took 14 prisoners. Ers- kine, whose' five battalions and six guns outflanked the enemy’s right, was now reinforced by two regiments of dragoons, and Picton had seized the wooded heights protecting the French left. Ne- vertheless Ney continued boldly to hold his ground. In about an hour, three shots being fired from the British centre, as a signal for a forward movement, 30,000 men, forming three lines of battle, were stretched across the plain, while horsemen and guns, springing for- ward from the centre and the left wing, charged under a general volley from the French battalions ; but when the smoke had cleared away, no enemy was to be seen. Ney, while he opposed Picton’s skirmishers with his left, withdrew the remainder of his troops with such rapidity that he gained the village ere the cavalry could reach him. The light troops of the third division, chasing like heated bloodhounds, passed the river almost at the same time with the French, whose reserves cannonaded the bridge from the heights beyond ; but a fresh dis- March 13. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 73 position of attack being made by Wellington, while the third di- vision continued to press the left, Ney fell back upon the main body, then at Condeixa, ten miles distant. The British had 12 of- ficers and 200 men killed and wounded, and the loss of the enemy was about the same number. March 13. 1801. Battle op Maadie. — Between the 8 th March and the 11th the British army had occa- sionally some affairs of outposts. On the 12th the French, com- manded by Gen. Friant, were drawn up along a ridge of sand- hills reaching from the seaside to the lake of Maadie ; but they retreated on our approach, and encamped at the distance of three miles from our front. Some skirmishing took place during the day, in the course of which the French were reinforced from Cairo by Gen. Lanusse with two half-brigades of infantry and one regiment of cavalry, making their whole force amount to 7000 men, with flying artillery and effective cavalry. All the British cavalry embarked for this campaign num- bered only 470, and nearly the whole, for want of horses, did duty as infantry: 1000 seamen under Capt. Sir Sidney Smith, to drag the cannon, with 500 ma- rines under Lieut.- Col. Smith, were landed from the fleet and incorporated with the army. On the following morning, Friday the 13th, the French were still seen in their position, in front of an old Roman camp, with the tower of Mandura, trusting to their superiority in cavalry and the facility of retiring within the walls of Alexandria in case of reverse. At 7 o’clock the British advanced in two lines by the left, with the intention of turning the enemy’s right. Our troops had proceeded only a short distance, when the whole of the French cavalry and a considerable body of infantry, with several pieces of cannon, moved down from the heights, with the intention of at- tacking both of our lines, which were respectively commanded by Major- Gen. Cradock and the Earl of Cavan. Their impetuous at- tack was, however, repulsed by the coolness and gallantry of the 90th and 92nd regiments. Our first line then formed two divisions to the front of march with prompt- ness and precision; while the se- cond line, with the exception of its first brigade, continuing still in column, turned the right of the French army, and forced it from its position. The British continued thus to advance stea- dily towards the enemy, driving them from position to position, till they had reached the fortified heights which form the principal defence of the ancient city of Alexandria. The French, how- ever, retreated without disorder or confusion, skirmishing or more seriously engaging throughout the day. Four field-pieces and a quantity of ammunition formed our chief spoils. The French loss amounted to 7 50 killed and wound- ed ; whilst that of the British was 186 killed, and 1135 wounded. 1811 . Retreat of the French. — Massena, relinquishing the idea of passing the Mondego, deter- mined to retire by the Puente de Murcella, and to ensure his com- munication with Reynier and Loison, had moved Clauzel’s di- vision to the village of Coberta, about five miles on his left. Being here rejoined by Loison, and co- vering the line of communication with the 2nd corps, while Ney held Condeixa, he considered his 74 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. March 1ft. position secure. But Wellington, comprehending the state of af- fairs, detached the 3rd division over the Sierra de Anciao, to turn the enemy’s left. Massena had ordered Ney to fire Condeixa at a certain hour, when all the di- visions were simultaneously to concentrate at Casal Nova, in a position perpendicular to their present one, and covering the road to Puente de Murcella. But a 3 o’clock, Picton, with the 3rd division, was seen winding round a mountain about seven miles distant, and was already beyond the French left. Instantly their columns were seen hurrying to- wards Casal Nova, and a thick smoke arose from the ill-fated town. The British immediately pushed forward ; but felled trees and other obstacles impeded their advance, while the flames of Condeixa stopped the artillery. Onr skirmishers and some ca- valry, however, closed sufficiently to penetrate between the division at Fonte Coberta and the main body, and Massena narrowly es- caped capture. Condeixa being thus evacuated, the British ca- valry pushed towards Coimbra, opened tKe communication with Trant, and calling off Montbrun, captured several of his horsemen. March 1ft. 1811 . Action of Casal Nova. — During the night of the 13th March, the French divisions quit- ted Fonte Coberta so cautiously that their departure was unper- ceived by the British light divi- sion, whose pickets were planted close to the enemy ; and Sir Wil- liam Erskine, under the impres- sion that the noise of their move- ment was merely the baggage passing to the rear, put the light division on march at daylight J on the 14th. The weather was so thick that nothing could be descried at a distance, but the sound was heard of a great mul- titude on the hills in front. With this evidence of the French being there in force, Erskine imprudently sent the 52nd forward in column of sections, without further pre- caution, and even before the pickets had come in from their posts. The riflemen now followed, and the rest of the division was about to descend the valley, when the rattling of musketry, and then the sound of cannon, was heard. The mist slowly rising r discovered the 52nd on the slopes of the opposite mountain, engaged in the midst of the French army. Lord Wellington arriving at this moment, directed the light divi- sion to succour the 52nd, and as the enemy’s ground was so ex- tensive as to occupy their whole attention, Picton sent the rifles of the 60th to prolong their line. The fight was thus vigorously maintained amidst the numerous enclosures on the mountain side, and the right of the enemy was partially turned ; but their main position remained unshaken until Picton and Cole had assailed the left. The 1st, 5th, and 6th di- visions, with heavy cavalry and artillery, then moving upon the centre, Ney commenced his re- treat, covering his rear with guns and light troops, and retiring with such admirable precision that for a long time there was no confusion, and they suffered but very little loss. Towards the middle of the day, the British guns and skirmishers getting within range of his masses, the retreat became more rapid ; yet he finally gained the strong pass of Miranda de Corvo, which had been secured by the main body of | the army. Montbrun also ef- March 15. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 75 fected a junction, having after a difficult march gained the right bank of the Deuca. The loss of the light division on this day was 11 officers and 150 men killed and wounded. That of the enemy was greater, and about 100 pri- soners were taken. 1818. The hill-fort of Roarree, situated on a range of ghauts, commanding the principal pass leading from the Concan, near Jamboolparra, is of considerable strength, covering a circumfe- rence of a mile and a half. This fortress was invested on the 11th March by detachments from H. M.’s 89th regiment, the Cory- gaum regiment, and from seve- ral corps of native infantry, Capt. Rose of the 89th commanding. Finding a body of the enemy strongly posted on a height pro- tected by the guns of the fort, the British immediately attack- ed them with such vigour that they were driven to the very walls of the fortress, despite the heavy fire that covered their re- treat. The whole strength of the field force, commanded by Lieut. - Col. Prothers, appeared before Roarree during the 12th. On the morning of the 14th the batteries were opened, and at 7 o’clock that evening the enemy’s principal magazine blew up, and the fort surrendered. march 15. 1781. Battle op Guildford — At daybreak on 15th March, Lord Cornwallis marched to meet the enemy, then reported to be at Guildford ; and when about four miles distant from that town, the advance-guard, commanded by Lieut. -Col. Tarleton, drove back a strong detachment. Short- ly afterwards, the American army was seen strongly posted about a mile and a half from the court- house of Guildford. After a sharp cannonade on the enemy’s centre, Major-Gen. Leslie, with the 1st battalion of guards, the regiment of Bose, and the 71st regiment, opened a destructive fire on the right, while the 23rd and 33rd regi- ments, supported by the 2nd bat- talion of guards, under Brigadier- Gen. O’Hara, attacked their left. The enemy’s first line was speed- ily broken, but such was the na- ture of the country that the ope- rations of the different regiments became independent of each ether. The 1st battalion of guards and the regiment of Bose were en- gaged in front, flank, and rear, while the 71st regiment, with the grenadiers and 2nd battalion of guards, pushing onward, reached the court-house. Here they at- tacked and routed a corps of Continentals far superior to them in force, taking two 6-pounders ; but, pursuing the enemy too eagerly, they were driven back by Col. Washington’s dragoons, with the loss of the captured guns. These horsemen were, however, dispersed by the fire of two 3- pounders, which had just reached the ground with the grenadiers of the guards. Other regiments coming up, the cavalry under Lieut.-Col. Tarleton advanced, and, routing the enemy, the long disputed guns once more fell into our possession. The battle was now bravely won over a far su- perior force, fighting with every advantage of position. 1811. Combat at Fons d’Aronce.— Massena, after set- ting fire to the town of Miranda, passed the Ceira on the night of 14th March, and concentrated his force between the higher Sierras and the Mondego, directing Ncy to cover the passage without risking an action. The marshal, 76 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. March 16 . however, disregarding this order, kept on the left bank ten or twelve battalions, a brigade of cavalry, and some guns. The British columns did not reach the Ceira until 4 o’clock on the even- ing of the 15th. Wellington, ordering the light division and Pack’s brigade to hold the enemy’s right in play, moved the third division against the left, and at the same moment, the horse artillery opened with great effect from a rising ground. Ney’s left wing was so overthrown by the charge of the third division, that they fled in confusion to- wards the river, where many were drowned, while others, crowding on the bridge, were crushed to death. On the right the ground was so rugged and close that the action resolved itself into a skir- mish ; and when darkness came on, the French troops in their disorder fired upon each other. The loss of the British was only 4 officers and 60 men, but that of the enemy was not less than 500 ; and an eagle was found in the river when the waters sub- sided. Marcia 16 . 1781 . Repulse of a Convoy. — A detachment of the 1 st Bom- bay and 5th Bengal native bat- talions, commanded by Captain Mackay, escorting a convoy of grain from Panwell to the army of Gen. Goddard, was attacked at the village of Chouke early in the morning of the 16th of March, by Pureshram Bhow’s whole force. Captain Mackay’s battalions, amounting to 12,000 men, behaved admirably, and beat off the assailants. One com- pany of the Bengal sepoys routed a troop of horse with the bayonet, but, in the eagerness of 1 pursuit, were nearly cut off by the horsemen. After this success, Capt. Mackay remained in po- sition until night set in, when he resumed his march ; and the next morning he safely delivered his convoy at Canpoly head- quarters. 1818. Seedghur taken. — Lieut. -Col. Imlach, having failed in an attack upon Seedghur, still remained in the neighbourhood of that fortress, when, some transports with detachments of H. M.’s 19th regiment having put into the port of Malwan, the lieutenant-colonel, availing him- self of this reinforcement, renewed the attack. His batteries opened on the 1 6th of March ; and the same day, a breach having been, effected, the 89th was about to storm, when it was discovered that the garrison had abandoned the place by the rear, and imme- diate possession was taken of the fortress. 1820. Bhujah Sing, a preda- tory chief, for full eighteen years had supported himself in the jungles on the north-east frontier of the Barelly and Shahjuhau- poor district, making inroads on the villages, was this day routed by Lieut. Chitty, with a party of sepoys from Shahjuhaupoor and a detachment of the 1st Rohilla horse, in all only 60 men. Hearing that the rebel chief was encamped in a thick jungle on the banks of the Chooka Nullah, the lieutenant marched against him early in the morning of the 16th of March. Pickets of 18 men each were placed at equal distances on the road to their encampment; but Lieut. Chitty before daylight silently extended his men in the jungle so as to command the main body without disturbing their outposts ; then, commencing independent firing, IMCarcta 17. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 77 closed upon the enemy, who immediately retreated along the hanks of the nullah, returning the fire until their ammunition was expended, when they fled, with the loss of 19 killed. Bhujah Sing was himself wound- ed, and his brother, one of his principal officers, among the slain. Such had been the judi- cious disposition made by Lieut. Chitty of the small force under his command, that the loss on our side was but trifling. March 17. 1781. The French island of Bartholomew this day surren- dered, on summons, to an expe- dition consisting of a detachment of troops commanded by Lieut.- Col. Ferguson, under convoy of the Sylph sloop, Capt. Lawrence Graeme. 1823. On the 17th of March, Brigadier-Gen. Knox, with the 1st battalion of the 18th N. I., flank company of the 1st bat- talion of the 25th, and 2nd bat- talion of the 29 th regiment of native infantry, and artillery, un- dertook the siege of the fortress of Lumba, held by a killidar for a refractory chief in Jypoor. After a cannonade from 8 until 11 a. m. the garrison surrendered at discretion. 1832. Stockades destroyed. — During the expedition against Naning, Malacca, five stockades near Soongyapattyc having been discovered by the British troops under Lieut.- Col. Herbert, an attack was made upon them in the afternoon of the 17th of March. Capt. Justice, with the right subdivision of the light company of the 5th regiment of Madras N. I., moving against the left, crossed the rice-fields at the same time that Lieut. Boole, with the left subdivision, ad- vanced by the high road toward the right of the enemy’s position. The left stockade was carried with the bayonet, the Malays fly- ing without even delivering their fire. The other detachment, un- der Lieut. Boole, after enduring a sharp fire from the right stock- ade, drove the enemy from their defences. Lieut. -Col. Herbert now arriving with a force under Capt. Burgess, the stockades were set on fire and destroyed. The troops then returned to the British camp at Rumbish. Marcia IS. 1778. Quintius Bridge. — Lieut.-Col. Mawhood, with the 27th and 46th regiments of the New Jersey volunteers and a de- tachment of the Queen’s rangers, with about 30 cavalry, landed on the 18th of March near the town of Salem, with the object of foraging for the army, and to arm the loyalists inclined to take part with the British government. Col. Mawhood, receiving infor- mation of an intended attack on his troops by a large force ap- proaching, made a feint of retir- ing, and thus drew a division of the enemy into an ambuscade. Then, falling upon the Americans, he routed them, and captured many prisoners. 1811. The 1st or Royal regi- of dragoons, successfully encoun- tered a party of the French near Sernadilla, Spain, and took a sergeant and 12 men prisoners. 1819. Storm of Ciioora. — The Thacoor of Choora being in rebellion against the Guicawar State, the Hon. Company’s poli- tical agent at that court directed Capt. Gilchrist, with a detachment of the 1st battalion of the 6th N. L, to support the troops of the 78 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. SHareli 19. country against the fortress of Choora. The pettah submitted to the Guicawar forces ; and on the 18th of Marh Cacptain Gil- christ gallantly led his detach- ment against the fortress, which was carried by assault under a heavy fire. Lieut. Corker of the 6th much distinguished himself, as did Lieut. Fay of the artillery, who was wounded early in the action. 1819. Brigadier-Gen. Dove- ton, with the Hyderabad division of the army, and the Bombay brigade at Neembolah were en- camped seven miles from Asseer- ghur which place was held for the Mahratta chief Holkar. On the 18th of March, Lieut.-Col. Fraser of the royals proceeded to attack the pettah with a force consist- ing of detachments of the royals, the 30th, 67th regiments, Ma- dras European regiment, and 1st battalion 3th regiment Bom- bay N. I. After some resistance, the gate was forced, and the pet- tah carried. The enemy, how- ever, rallied under the hill of the fortress, but being boldly met by about 30 men of the royals, 30th and 67th regiments, this last ef- fort of the enemy was defeated, and the pettah secured. In this gallant affair Major M‘Leod and Lieut. Bland of the royals were wounded, and one man was killed. Search 2.9. 1779. At the close of 1778, the French holding no settlement in India but Mahe, on the coast of Malabar, it was determined to attack their last possession, though it was known that such a proceed- ing would give offence to Hyder Ali, who secretly favoured the enemy. A native force was ac- cordingly sent by land, and two battalions of the 1st Madras European regiment, with artil- lery, by sea. The whole, under Col. Braith waite, reached the ren- dezvous at Aujengo, and having marched on Mahe, the place sur- rendered without a shot being fired. In the November follow- ing the fort was blown up, and the conquest abandoned. Thus terminated the French possession in India at that period. 1810. Whilst Brigadier- Gen. Crawfurd was posted on the banks of the Agueda, with three regi- ments of British infantry, the 1st regiment of German hussars, two battalions of Portuguese ca- 9 adores, and a troop of horse artillery, the French were in con- siderable force on the opposite side of the river. During the night of the 19 th of March, Gen. Ferey, an officer of great enter- prise, pushed across the bridge of San Felices with 600 grena- diers, and, ascending the heights beyond, bayoneted the sentries, and fell furiously upon the pick- ets. So sudden was the attack, and so great the confusion, that the British companies could not form ; but each soldier encounter- ing the nearest enemy, fought hand to hand. Col. Sidney Beck- with, however, restoring order, urged the contest with such vi- gour that in a quarter of an hour the French column was borne back, and driven over the edge of the descent. 1812. Sortie from Badajoz repulsed. — At 1 o’clock in the morning some cavalry came out of the Talavera gate, and 1300 in- fantry, under Gen. Vielland, filed unobserved into the communica- tion between the Pecurina and the San Roque. These troops, now reinforced by 100 men, rush- ing out, at once drove the work- men, and began to demolish the parallel. Major- Gen. Bowes soon Marcia 20. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 79 rallied the troops under his com- mand, and the enemy were driven back, even to the castle. In this sharp contest the besieged lost above 300 men and officers, the besiegers less than half that num- ber ; but Col. Fletcher, the chief engineer, was badly wounded. 1814. Action of Vic Bigorre. — Gen. D’Erlon, being directed by Soult to take post at Vic Bi- gorre, and check the advance of the allies, in the expectation of meeting Gen.Berton at that place, rode slowly on before his troops ; but, to his surprise, he found the town in possession of the German cavalry. Then, hurrying forward, he had only time to place Dorri- cau’s division, now under Gen. Paris, amongst some vineyards two miles in front of Vic Bigorre, when Picton, arriving to the sup- port of the cavalry, fell upon him. The action commenced about 2 o’clock, and Paris was soon driven back in disorder ; but D’Armag- nac’s division, extending to the Adour, renewed the fight until D’Erlon’s right was turned by the light division and by the hussars ; whereupon he likewise fell back behind Vic Bigorre. The Anglo- Portuguese lost about 250 men and officers, and among the slain Col. Henry Sturgeon. 1819. On the evening of the 1 9th of March, at dusk, a body of the enemy, passing silently down a ravine in rear of the Pettah of Asseerghur, made its way into the principal street. Here, met by Lieut. -Col. Fraser of the royals, the assailants were repulsed, and the pettah preserved : but the suc- cess cost its defenders dearly; their gallant commanding officer was shot while ordering his men to cease firing and use the bayo- net. March 20. 1760. Skirmish at Calvaire. — Two hundred light infantry, some grenadiers, and other troops, under Capt. M‘Donald, from Quebec, guided by a French de- serter, on the 20th of March sur- prised a strong party of the French at Calvaire, near Augus- tine, intrenched and fortified by logs. A dwelling near at hand was the first attacked, and the enemy had 4 killed and 9 wounded, and 20 taken prisoners. The French in the camp were in the meantime perceived to be making preparations for de- fence; but the light troops rush- ing in upon them, the enemy threw down their arms and fled, leaving 5 killed and 13 wounded, while about 80 men were taken prisoners by the grenadiers who came up to the support of the light infantry. We only lost 6 men, but had nearly 100 dis- abled from the frost. 1803. During the campaign in Ceylon, Capt. Beaver of the 19th regiment, with a small detach- ment, attacked the fort of Iiath- mahgalle, on an almost perpendi- cular height. It was stormed and carried under heavy fire, and the defenders driven into the woods. 1807. Alexandria surrendered to an expedition under Major- Gen. Fraser, the squadron com- manded by Capt. Hallo well, H.M.S. Tigre. 1814. Combat at Tarbes. — Soult, still disputing every avail- able position, formed his army early on the 20th March, on the heights of Oleac, behind Tarbes, which town he still held, while he sent Pierre Soult, with five regi- ments of cavalry, forward to the Trie road, to cover his right flank, and secure the route to Auch. At daybreak on the 20th 80 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. RXarch 21. the British advanced in two co- lumns. The right, under Lieut. - Gen. Hill, moved along the high road, to carry the bridge and town of Tarbes; whilst the left, com- manded by Lieut.-Gen. Clinton (to which column Wellington attached himself), passing through the village of Douars, threw' itself between the divisions of Harispe, who occupied the heights of Orleix, and Pierre Soult. Under cover of this attack, Gen. Clinton, making a movement to his left through the village of Douars, endeavoured to get between Harispe’s right and the main position of Soult at Oleac. In the meantime Gen. Hill, moving by the other bank of the Adour, assailed the town of Tarbes, defended by Yillatte’s division. This movement also menaced Clauzel’s two divisions ; and while Hill bore upon his left at Tarbes, the light division, sup- ported by cavalry and guns, fell upon his centre at Orleix. Gen. Clinton, opening a brisk cannon- ade, passed through the villages of Oleac and Boulin, and, dividing the corps of Harispe and Pierre Soult, cut off the latter from the army. It was about 12 o’clock, when a heavy cannonade opened from the artillery of Hill on the right, and then of Clinton on the left. The light division of Alten threw itself in mass upon the centre, where the left brigade of Harispe was suddenly assailed by the three rifle battalions. Al- though the French fought with great determination, they were at length compelled to give way; and Harispe’s centre being thus over- thrown, he retired rapidly before Clinton could get into his rear. During this sharp struggle, Hill had forced the passage of the Adour at Tarbes, and Villatte re- treated along the road to Tour- nay, under a heavy cannonade. The country now became covered by the confused masses of the French and their pursuers, but deep ditches and enclosures pre- vented the British cavalry from acting. Clauzel, having with great ability extricated his troops from their dangerous situation, finally gained the main position, where four fresh divisions, drawn up in order of battle, immediately opened all their batteries upon the allies. Darkness coming on, Wellington halted the army on the banks of the Larret and Larros rivers. The loss of the allies did not exceed 120; but of that number 12 officers and 80 men were of the rifle battalions. The loss of the French could not be ascertained. 1801. The Swedish island of St. Bartholomew, in the West Indies, surrendered by capitula- tion to a naval and military force, under Rear- Adm. Sir I. T. Duck- worth and Lieut.-Gen. Trigge. BZarcn 21. 1791. Bangalore stormed. —On the night of 21st March, Lord Cornwallis hazarded the assault of Bangalore, though the breaches were yet incomplete, and the Sultan with his whole army lay in sight of the town. The valour of the assailants bore down all opposition ; the enemy in their flight crowded and choked the gate. A deplorable carnage en- sued, and the bodies of more than 1000 of the garrison were buried after the assault. 1801. Battle of Alexandria. — The British army, commanded by Lieut.-Gen. Sir Ralph Aber- cromby, occupied the same posi- tion which they had won on the 13th of March, comprising a front of* rather more than a mile in extent, from the canal of Alex- March 21. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 81 andria and lake Maadie on the left, to the sea on the right. The centre lay along a range of hills, from which the slope descended gradually towards the enemy ; while the right rested upon a second ridge, amid which, and near the shore, stood the ruins of an ancient palace, which was oc- cupied by the 58th regiment ; and not far from the ruin a redoubt was erected, in which was thrown the 38th regiment. The 42nd, 40th, and Corsican Rangers next took up the line, and carried it on ; the reserve of cavalry were in the hollow. The guards, composing the right of the centre, crowned the heights, the royals, 92nd, 2nd battalion 54th, and 12th battalion 54th, formed en echelon to the left ; while the 8 th, 18th, 90th, and 13th extended also en echelon , till they rested upon a battery near the canal. The second line, consist- ing of the Minorca regiment, De Rolle’s, Dillon’s, the 2nd, 44th, 89th, 130th, and the 22nd and 26th dragoons (part dismount- ed), lay about 500 yards to the rear. The 27th, 56th, and 79th again faced the canal, and the whole were covered by a chain of pickets along the foot of the sandhills. The artillery consisted of two 24-pounders, and 32 field-pieces, besides a 24-pounder in the redoubt of the 58th. The whole strength, now reduced by detachments and casualties, did not amount to more than 11,000 effective men. On the 20th, the 20th regiment joined from Abou- kir, and on that day the French army was reinforced by the ar- rival of General Menon, with 9000 men from the interior, mak- ing their whole force to consist of 16,000 men, including 1500 cavalry. At 3 o’clock on the morning of the 21st, as was the daily practice, the British army was under arms. By and by a musket was heard, quickly fol- lowed by three guns, and in ano- ther minute the roll of musketry awakened all the energies of the troops. The enemy had at- tacked a picket near the canal, and was repulsed; but it was not long before loud cries of Vive la Republique were heard from the advancing corps of the enemy. The redoubt, the ruins, and one wing of the 42nd, were attacked with great fury ; but on all points the assailants were successfully resisted by the 28th, 58th, 42nd, and by the 40th, which latter, moving briskly to the support of the 58th, rendered more com- plete the victory that regiment had already won. A fresh column of the enemy silently penetrated through a hollow way between the guards and the left of the 42nd ; and, gaining unperceived the rear of the latter corps, took it in re- verse. Then, pushing upon the redoubt, they became engaged by the right wing of the 42nd, which rushed upon them with the bayo- net, while the rear-rank of the left wing, facing about, charged fiercely at the same moment. De- spite this twofold attack, the gallant enemy, maintaining its character of “ Xnvincibles,” rushed on in face of a murderous fire from the 28th regiment, and dash- ing at the ruins, made good their entrance, closely followed by the 42nd. A desperate struggle now took place with the bayonet and but-end, and while the 40th and 58th received the French in front, the highlanders hung upon their rear; but the contest was not of long duration. After three-fourths of the “ Invincibles ” had fallen, the remainder, about 200, laid down their arms. In the mean- while fresh columns of infantry bore hard upon the left wing of G 82 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. Inarch 22, the 42nd, but Major-Gen. Moore now bringing up rapidly the re- mainder of the regiment, the en- thusiasm of the men was greatly excited by Sir Ralph exclaiming “ My brave highlanders, remem- ber your country, remember your fathers,” A loud shout followed this brief address ; and then, after throwing in a well directed volley, rushing forward with the bayonet, the enemy fled in great confusion. Amid the glimmering of dawn several squadrons of horse broke in upon the 42nd, and, ere they could recover their order, passed through their ranks Still the re- giment, though broken, was far from defeated, and the horsemen at length driven back with heavy loss. The attack was again and again renewed in this quarter, until the whole space was strewed with the slain. Sir Ralph Aber- cromby, without any attendant, was moving about, cheering the men, when two French dragoons rode furiously at him, and one of the troopers passed his sword under the general’s arm. Though severely bruised, Abercromby wrested the weapon from his an- tagonist, while the other adversary was shot by a corporal of the 42nd. Shortly after this occur- rence the general was mortally wounded by a musket-ball, which lodged in the hip-joint; but he did not quit the field until the battle was won. In the centre the guards, the royals, and the 54th were successively attacked, but not for an instant did they penetrate through the line. The left remained free from other mo- lestation than a distant cannonade. It was now 8 o’clock, and the French, repulsed in all quarters, only sustaining the combat with their cannon and skirmishers, re- treated in haste, and, not being pursued, effected their escape to Alexandria. The loss of the French is computed at 3000. The field was covered with the killed and wounded, 1040 of whom were buried by the English ; and among the slain were Gens. Lanusse, Roize, and Baudot. The total number of British killed and wounded amounted to 1400, in- cluding among the latter Major- Gen. Moore, Brigadier- Generals Oakes and Hope, and Col. Paget. March 22. 1810. Attack on Santa Maura. — A small force under Brigadier-Gen. Oswald landed on the 22nd March, from the 74-gun ships Montagu and Magnificent, and Belle Poule frigate, to reduce the Island of Santa Maura, be- tween Corfu and Cephalonia. The fortress is situated on a narrow sandy isthmus of 3 miles in length, which joins it to the island ; and it has besides a direct communi- cation with the town, by a sin- gularly narrow causeway, nearly a mile in length. The neck of land is defended by two small redoubts, and an intrenchment regularly constructed, and capable of much resistance. The advance, under Major Bosset, was com- posed of 1 60 men of De Rolle’s, on the right ; 240 marines, under Capt. Snowe, in the centre; and the left of 216 men of the Cala- brian free corps, under Major Oswald ; with a reserve of 1 00 men of the Calabrese on each flank. This force, commanded by Major Clark, formed at an early hour preparatory for the assault. The line to be attacked extending from across the isthmus, was mounted with four pieces of cannon, well flanked and manned by 500 in- fantry, having a wet ditch with an abatis in front, and so well protected on the sea side as to be tfBRARV OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ) net emtim OB , 180 I. March 23. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 83 almost secure from the fire of shipping. The town having sur- rendered without opposition, a small force was left in possession, while the main body moved for- ward towards the citadel. It was soon discovered that the enemy had thrown up two re- doubts upon the neck of land, whence it was necessary to drive them before anything could be undertaken against the principal work. Whilst the Leonidas fri- gate cannonaded the redoubts, the troops, headed by Gen. Oswald, advanced under a heavy fire, drove the enemy from their in- trenchments at the point of the bayonet, and followed them so closely that they had not time to rally at the second redoubt, but fled through it, and were pursued close to the walls of the citadel. As the column advanced, left in front, the Calabrian troops be- came the leading division of the battalion under Major Clark, but at the first discharge of grape and musketry from the enemy, the Calabrese threw themselves on the ground, and, in spite of every effort to rally them and the in- dignant treatment of the other troops, they remained immove- able. The marines, cheering, passed over their bodies, and dashing forward, broke through the abatis ; then, rushing into the intrenchments, pursued the enemy, until their gallant progress was arrested by an order to fall back to the redoubts they had so nobly carried. 1814. Defeat of French Cavalry. — Soult, apprehensive that the allies, moving by Trie and Castelnau, would gain the plains of Muret, and intercept his retreat upon Toulouse, directed his corps to march rapidly towards that point. The allies pursued in three columns by St. Gaudens, Galan, and Trie, but without much haste. On the 21st March, Beresford, commanding the left column, was at Castlenau, Hill in the vicinity of Lannemazan, and Wellington at Tournay. On the 22nd, while Beresford remained at Castlenau, Wellington reached Galan, and Hill Monrejean ; whilst Fane’s horsemen pushed forward to St. Gaudens. Here four squadrons of French cavalry, drawn up in front of the town, were overthrown by two squa- drons of the 13th dragoons, led by the veteran Major Dogherty, who was seen charging between his two sons at the head of the leading squadron. The enemy galloped in disorder through the town, yet rallied on the other side, and were again broken and pursued for two miles, many being sabred, and above a hundred taken prisoners, 30 of whom were badly wounded. Altogether, this was one of the most dash- ing affairs of cavalry that oc- curred during the campaign ; but, as the official report did not ap- pear in the Gazette until after the occupation of Paris, when the war might be considered to have terminated, the enterprise did not obtain the notice it deserved. Marcia 23. 1706. Defence ofMontjuich — The city of Barcelona, captured by the Earl of Peterborough in the previous year, continued to be held for Charles III. of Aus- tria; but was closely besieged by the French, until the arrival of the British fleet under Adm. Leake on 1st May, 1 706. Previous to this event, the citadel of fort Montjuich had fallen, after hav- ing been obstinately defended, but more particulifrly on the 23rd March. On that morning the 84 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 2V2arch 2ft. Freneh made a strong effort to carry the fortress by assault, but were gallantly repulsed by Ha- milton’s regiment, of which corps 100 men bad just reached the garrison, after a march of seventy miles within the last two days. The French are represented to have been less annoyed at their actual defeat than by the gibes and jeers of the British troops, which reached their ears as they were repelled from the walls of the citadel. 1757. Reduction of Chan- dernagore. — After having brought the Nabob of Bengal to terms by the victory obtained on 5th February, it was determined to attack the French settlement of Chandernagore. Accordingly, a joint expedition, the navy under Admiral Watson and the anny under Col. Clive, proceeded on this service. On the 14th March Clive invested Chandernagore, with a small force which had marched from Calcutta and other places, together with detachments landed from the fleet. At day- break on the 23rd, the ships pro- ceeded up the river, and having anchored in suitable positions, a simultaneous cannonade by the squadron and batteries opened at sunrise. After an unremitting Are of several hours, the enemy held out a flag of truce. Nego- tiations were entered into, and at 3 o’clock the fort surrendered. The garrison consisted of 300 French troops, 300 inhabitants and sailors, and 400 sepoys. Their loss amounted to 40 killed and 70 wounded. The casualties of the English, 150 killed and wounded. 1794. Surrender of Mar- tinique. — The island of Marti- nique was attacked, as we have previously related, on the 5th of February, by Vice-Admiral Sir John Jervis, with a squadron of five ships of the line and several frigates, and 7000 troops com- manded by Lieut.- General Sir George Grey. On the 16th of March the whole island, with the exception of forts Bourbon and Royal, was in possession of the British. Articles of capitu- lation were signed on the 22nd ; and on the following day the co- lony surrendered to His Britannic Majesty, and the troops took for- mal possession of fort Bourbon at 4 o’clock in the same afternoon. The total loss of the British amounted to 71 killed and 193 wounded. Inarch 2ft. 1801. Reduction of St. Martin. — The expedition under Rear-Adm. Sir J. T. Duckworth and Lieut.-Gen. Trigge, after the capitulation of the Swedish island of St. Bartholomew, in the West Indies, proceeded to attack the Dutch island of St. Martin. The military force consisted of the 1st battalion of royals, some com- panies of the 3rd Buffs, the 11th, 64th, and the 3rd and 8th West India regiments, with detach- ments of royal artillery and sap- pers and miners. The troops, formed in two brigades, respec- tively commanded by Gens. Ful- ler and Maitland, were landed on the island of St. Martin at day- break on the 24th of March, and speedily gained the heights to- wards Fort Amsterdam, although opposed by detachments of the enemy ; and here the 8th West India regiment particularly dis- tinguished itself. The main body of the Dutch, instead of being, as was expected, opposed to the first brigade, which had marched to attack fort Chesterfield, now advanced with two field-pieces March 25. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 85 against Brigadier- Gen. Maitland. After a short contest, they were gallantly repulsed by the 64th regiment, commanded by Lieut. - Col. Pakenham, and the 8th West India regiment, with the loss of more than 50 men, while the casualties on our side were but trifling. No further oppo- sition was attempted by the Dutch, who that evening opened a negotiation for the surrender of the colony, which was concluded before midnight. Lieut.-Gen. Trigge, in his despatch, speaks in terms of commendation of the conduct of the whole of the troops, and particularly notices the 64th and the 8th West India regiments. 1818. The fortress of Dha- monee, held by a killidar in rebellion against the state of Nagpore and the British Govern- ment, was besieged by a division of our army under Lieut.-Gen. Sir D. Marshall. The batteries of the desiegers opened early in the morning of the 24th of March; and their effective fire brought the enemy to terms before noon, when the fortress surrendered at discretion. 1842. Assault on Jella- labad. — One of the determined efforts of the British garrison under Major- Gen. Sale to hold possession of Jellalabad against the assaults of an almost count- less force of Affghans, occurred on the 24th of March. The enemy, in great strength, attacked the transverse walls of the fortress to the northward, but were gal- lantly repulsed by a body of the defenders under command of Captain Broadfoot, of the Shah Soojah’s sappers, who was se- verely wounded on the occasion. Capt. Fenwick and a detachment of H. M.’s 13th light infantry also shared in the honour of the day. 1843. Major-Gen. Sir Charles Napier^with a British force 5000 strong, routed about 20,000 Be- loochees, under the command of the Ameer of Neerpore, near Hyderabad. Marcia 25. 1798. Brigadier- Gen. Nicolls, acting against the French and insurgents at Grenada, made but little progress until he received reinforcements on the 24th of March. The next day, under cover of the fire of a battery raised during the previous night, detachments of the 88th regi- ment and the black corps of the island were sent against the left of the enemy, but were repulsed ; and at this moment the English had the mortification of seeing two transports, with French troops, enter the harbour. A part of the 8th regiment was then ordered to renew the attack on the enemy’s left, while de- tachments of the 3rd Buffs and 63rd regiment advanced on a hill and redoubt mounting four 16-pounders and swivels, which covered the approach to Port Royal. Meeting at first with a check, they were reinforced by fresh detachments, including a part of the 29th regiment ; and, after the fall of Lieut.-Col. Daw- son, Major Edwards, and Lieut. Williams, all of the Buffs, with other officers and many men, this formidable position was car- ried, and the redoubt stormed. 1812 . Siege of Badajoz. — As Major-Gen Kempt, with 500 men of the third division, ad- vanced, at about 9 o’clock in the morning of the 25th of March, to attack the Picurina, the fort seemed one mass of fire. The assailants, with undaunted cou- rage, endeavoured to break 8G CALENDAR OF VICTORY. March 26. through the palisades in the rear. This failing, an effort was made against the faces of the work ; but they were baffled by the depth of the ditch and the stand- ing stakes at the top of the brickwork.. The crisis appearing imminent, Kempt sent the re- serve against the front ; the carnage became terrible, and a battalion coming out from the town to succour the fort, was beaten by the party on the com- munication. The guns of Bada- joz and of the castle now opened, whilst the Picurina sent out streams of fire, by the light of which dark figures were seen furiously struggling on the ram- parts. Meanwhile the axemen of the light division discovered the gate, and broke in by the rear ; nevertheless the struggle continued. Capts. Powis of the 83rd, and Oates of the 88th, and other gallant leaders, fell wounded on or beyond the ram- part. Nixon, of the 52nd, was shot within the gate, Shaw, Rudd, and nearly all the other officers had fallen outside ; and it was not until half the garrison were killed that Gaspar Thiery, the commandant, and 86 men, surrendered ; while a few, endea- vouring to cross the inundation, were drowned. This heroic as- sault, which lasted an hour, cost the British, 4 officers and. 50 men killed, 15 officers and 250 men W'ounded. 1811 . Action near Campo Mayor. — Marshal Beresford, on the 23rd of March, moved from Portalegre, with a force of 20,000 infantry, 2000 cavalry, and 18 guns, to relieve Campo Mayor and besiege Badajoz. In the morning of the 25th his advanced guard of cavalry, supported by infantry under Colborne, came suddenly upon Campo Mayor just as Latour Maubourg was marching out in confusion, with 1200 cavalry, three battalions of infantry, some horse artillery, and the battering train of thirteen guns. He was pursued by the allies ; and, after passing some wooded heights, he emerged on a fine plain. Col. Colborne was on the right at some distance from the enemy ; but Col. Head, with the 13th light dragoons, was on the left, close to them, supported by Col. Otway, with two squadrons of the 7th Portuguese, the heavy cavalry remaining in reserve. The French hussars, suddenly emerging from behind their infantry, fell on the 13th dragoons ; and so fiercely did they come together that many men on both sides were dis- mounted by the shock, and both parties pierced clear through to the opposite side ; then re-formed, and passed again in the same ruthless manner to their own ground. But Head’s horsemen rallying quicker than the French, rode a third time so closely in upon them, that they overthrew horse and man ; and, although under the fire of their infantry squares, they charged upon the battering train, and barred their line of march, in expectation that the heavy cavalry would also fall on ; but Beresford would not suffer the latter to advance, and the French resumed their march. The 13th and the Portuguese, however, continued the pursuit in a rash and disorderly manner, even to the bridge of Badajoz. March 26. 1811. Cavajlry Patrol While Massena was endeavouring to maintain his hold upon Portu- gal, many were the encounters be- tween the patrols and foraging March 27. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 87 parties of the French and English armies ; and an affair which re- flected the highest credit upon the British officers and men en- gaged, occurred near Guarda. Lieut. Perse, with a small de- tachment of the 16th light dra- goons, and Lieut. Foster, in com- mand of a detachment of the royals, forming one of the patrols between Alverca and Guarda, attacked a detachment of French cavalry, which they routed, kill- ing or wounding many, and tak- ing the officer in command, and 37 of his men, prisoners. 1819. Surrender of Bhoo jia. — On the 26 th of March the hill fort of Bhoojia, and the city of Bhooj, the capital of Cutch, sur- rendered to the British native and European army under Major- Gen. Keir. Some hours after the success, which completely occu- pied the attention of the enemy, who had gladly returned to the fortress, a storming party, consist- ing of a detachment of H. M.’s 65th regiment, commanded by Capt. Digley, was sent forward in order to arrive at the foct of the walls of the forts at daybreak on the 26th of March. This attack, which was planned by Lieut. Kinion of the engineers, admir- ably succeeded, and the enemy, taken by surprise, fled towards the gate leading to the town, but not before many of the garrison were slain. The besieged were so dismayed by the prowess of the assailants, that the capital sur- rendered, and the Rao, who had fallen under the displeasure of the British, by wantonly putting his brother to death, delivered himself into the hands of Major- Gen. Keir. 1825. On this day a company of infantry, with a few rockets, were sent over to an island form- ed by the channel of the river Irrawaddy. Here they forced some 15 war-boats of the ene- my from a position on the river commanding the British camp. At first these boats showed fight, but a discharge of rockets soon dispersed them, and they speedily moved out of harm’s way. At nightfall, an old pagoda, 300 yards from the enemy’s works, was occupied by H. M.’s 47th regiment, and ground was broken before Donoobew, which ulti- mately led to the abandonment of the place by the Burmese. 1825. On the 26th of March, the army, under Brigadier-Gen. Morrison, advancing upon the city of Arracan, crossed the Wab- raing river in four columns, drove the enemy from their de- fences, and made them abandon their stockades at Kheong Peela. Marcia. 27. 1664. The Earl of Teviot, Go- vernor of Tangier, made a sally from that fortress with a troop of horse, and routed a body of Moors lying in ambush. 1799. Battle of Malvelly. — AfterTippoo had lost several op- portunities of attacking the army of the Carnatic with advantage, he resolved to hazard a battle at Malvelly. His plan of attack was to break through the right of the British by a force of 300 men, commanded by his able adviser, Poorniah, and Tippoo was then to pour his whole force of cavalry into the opening, and cut through the army. Gen. Harris, aware of the enemy’s intention, prepared the Scotch brigade for their reception. The troops had scarcely formed on the morning of 27th March, when 300 horsemen, infuriated by stimulating liquors, burst from the jungle. In another minute, about 40 men and horses rolled 8S CALENDAR OF VICTORY. ItTarch 28. on the ground within 20 yards of the line, by a well directed volley. The right wing then advanced ; but Tippoo’s soldiers were so dis- heartened by the failure of their first charge, that they instantly retreated, and the English were too deficient in means of trans- port for artillery and stores to at- tempt a pursuit. Meanwhile Col. "Wellesley, on the left, advanced en echelon of battalions, support- ed by cavalry under Colonel Eloyd ; and the 33rd regiment became alone opposed to nearly 2000 of Tippoo’s infantry. After a short exchange of musketry, the British regiment advanced with such determination that the enemy broke into disorder, and Col. Eloyd, seizing this opportu- nity, fell upon them with his ca- valry with such effect that num- bers were slain, six standards captured, and the rout became general. The loss on the part of the British was no more than 66 killed and wounded ; while that of Tippoo was nearly 2000. 1825. Action near Donoo- bew. — As the night of the 26 th March brought with it a clear and cloudless moon, the troops under Gen. Campbell though within cannon-shot of the stock- ades, were so strongly posted that they lay down to rest. Suddenly, however, the rapid discharge of musketry and the running in of the picket on the right flank called the men to their guns, and to prepare for battle. Then arose a discordant yell, and a crowd of Burmans rushing towards the camp, began a desultory fire. This bold effort on the part of Bandoola failed to produce any effect, and the remainder of the night being dark, they were en- abled to carry off their killed and wounded. On the morning of the 27th the flotilla was seen in full sail ascending the river. The Burmese made desperate efforts to resist its progress, but 13 of their war-boats were soon cap- tured. In the meantime a power- ful sortie, in which 17 elephants took a part, was repelled with great slaughter ; the body-guard charging both elephants and ca- valry, and overthrowing them. 1825. In continuation of the British successes in the advance against Arracan under Brigadier- Gen. Morrison, . Major Carter, with detachments of H. M.’s 44th and 54th regiments, supported by other troops, this day compel- led the enemy to abandon their posts on the river near Mahatee, and secured the bridge on the road to Arracan. 1835. It would appear that the dispersion of the Caffres on the 12 th of February had only the effect of intimidating them for a time. By the 27 th of March they had gathered in such strength on the bank of the Keiskamma, that the British troops again attacked them ; and Col. Smith, crossing the river, routed a large horde of the savages, took many pri- soners, destroyed 500 huts, and captured 1200 head of cattle. SSarcli 28. 1791. Action with Tippoo. — Immediately after the reduc- tion of Bangalore, the breaches were repaired and the place put in a state of defence, with a con- siderable garrison. The army, under Lord Cornwallis, changed its ground to the westward of the fort on the 22nd March, and on the 28th moved towards Dean- hullv. At the same time the Mysore forces marched towards Ballippre, and at daybreak the Sultan’s army crossed the front of the British advance-guard at SEarch 29. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 89 the distance of three miles/. Tippoo’s object was to avoid a battle, and he continued his re- treat, covered by the Mysore ca- valry under his personal com- mand. The bullocks became so exhausted for want of food that they could no longer drag the guns ; but the Europeans and sepoys, seizing the drag-ropes, brought them along with them, frequently at a run. The enemy’s cavalry were dispersed by the ar- tillery wherever they made a stand, and their infantry were at last so hard pressed as to be obliged to break into several columns, and effect their retreat by different routes. One brass 9-pounder and some ammunition waggons were taken ; and the British army, after having marched twenty miles, now encamped in a country abounding in forage. The Sultan’s army on the same night assembled at Great Ballipoor, but in course of a few hours continued their march to- wards Seragunga. 1810. The British squadron under Rear-Admiral Duckworth, with the force commanded by Lieut. -Gen. Trigge, having se- cured possession of the island of St. Martin (taken on the 24th of March), appeared before the Danish West India islands of St. Thomas and St. John on the 28th, and received their submis- sion to the British Crown. 1811. On this day several detachments of the British army obtained advantages over the Erench under Massena. A patrol of light cavalry and a party of the 95th regiment, under com- mand of Major-Gen. Slade, forced the enemy to retire from Erexadas, on which occasion Brigade-Major Stewart of the 95th was killed. Another affair arose out of an encounter of a patrol of light in- fantry under command of Col. the Hon. J. Ramsay, with a Erench detachment at Avelans. The enemy had several killed and wounded, and many prisoners were taken. The royals, who were actively engaged in the skirmishes of the day, captured a car laden with officers’ baggage. Mareii 29. 1760. Capture of Carical. — A squadron under Rear-Adm. Cornish arrived in Carical road on the 28th March, and at five in the evening Major Monson, with 300 marines and 50 pioneers, landed about four miles to the north of the place. They marched directly up to the town, which was taken possession of at an early hour on the 29th, with very little loss. The troops being an- noyed by the fire of the redoubt of fort Dauphin, in their rear, Major Monson caused some shells to be thrown into it; on which the enemy immediately abandon- ed the fort, and retired to fort Louis. 1811. French driven from Guard a. — The light division and the cavalry of Wellington’s army passed the Mondego at Ce- lerico on the 28tli, and occupied the villages beyond Erexadas, while the third division was established half-way up the moun- tain at Porca de Misarella, to se- cure the bridges over the higher Mondego. Early on the 29th, the third, sixth, and light divi- sions, and two regiments of light cavalry, disposed in five columns of attack around the foot of the Guarda mountain, ascended by as many paths, leading to the town of Guarda, outflanking both the right and left of the enemy. They were supported on one wing by the fifth divi- sion, and on the other by the 90 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. March 30. militia, and in the centre by the first and seventh divisions. Their appearance threw the French into great confusion, and, without firing a shot, this impor- tant and almost impregnable po- sition was abandoned ; the enemy retiring upon Sabugal on the Coa, followed by the British ca- valry, who took some prisoners. 1812. On the 29th a slight sally made from Badajoz on the right bank of the Guadiana was re- pulsed by the Portuguese, and the besieged continued to raise the counterguard and ravelin of the Trinidad, and to strengthen the front attacked. 1814. Lieut. -General Lord Wm. Bentinck, commanding the Anglo-Sicilian army, this day occupied La Spezzia, on the coast of Italy. 1818. During the Malacca war, the strong hill fort of Bhugwantghur, on the Missoura river, being besieged by a force under Lieut. -Col. Imlach, the batteries opened on the 29 th from the opposite side of the river. The enemy having assembled in force under the height on which the fort stands, the lieut.-colonel with two columns, composed of H. M.’s 89th regiment and 2nd regiment of native infantry, un- der command of Capts. Pearson and Gray, gallantly forded the Missoura under a heavy fire. No sooner had the British made good their landing than the enemy fled, not only from the banks of the river, but from the fort itself, which was immediately occupied by our victorious troops. 1832. A large stockade, de- fended by a strong garrison, was taken and destroyed by Capt. Justice and Lieuts. Poole and Harding, with the light company of the 5th regiment of Madras native infantry, and grenadier companies of the 29th regiment. Lieut. Harding was mortally wounded. March 30. 1741. In continuation of the successes of the British expedition against Carthagena, the squadron, under Rear-Adm. Ogle, having entered the harbour, on 30th March the Spaniards sank several ships, and abandoned their forts, and our troops took possession. 1759. The reduction of Guada- loupe, according to the plan of Gen. Barrington, who took com- mand after the death of Gen. Hopton, was at this time carried on by the attacks of detachments landed at different points of the island. On the 30th of March, the military post and town of Gosier was carried by storm, and the French garrison, driven from their guns, took refuge in the neighbouring woods, 1801. During the war with the Poligars, a strong force, under Major Colin Macauley, proceeding against the fortress of Punjalum, Coorchy fell in with a body of the enemy on the road to Pe- shairm Thally. Some cavalry, consisting chiefly of ninety men, composing the governor’s body- guard, led by Lieut. James Grant, with two small galloper-guns, were sent against them. The detachment soon found themselves engaged with about 600 infantry. Lieut. Grant, killed four with his own hand; the last, after he had him- self received a desperate wound through the lungs. The Poligars fled into the woods in their rear, leaving 96 killed on the field, and carried off many wounded. 1811. The French army under Massena being in retreat on the 30th of March, some cavalry and horse artillery, under orders of Major-General Sir Wm. Erskine, March 31. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 91 came up with the rear-guard of the 2nd corps, which, during the previous night, had marched from Belmonte for the Coa. Several of the enemy were killed and wounded, and some prisoners taken. 1814. The post at La Colle Mill, near Odel’s Town, Canada, defended by a British force amounting to about 550 men, under the command of Major Hancock of the 13th regiment, was attacked on 30th March by the American army of 5000 men, under Gen. Wilkinson. The enemy having planted a 12- pounder and 5j-inch howitzer in front of the mill, which did con- siderable execution on the gable- end of the building, two sorties were made, to attempt the cap- ture of the guns. Notwithstand- ing the gallant behaviour of the troops on the occasion, both at- tacks were unsuccessful. The garrison, however, continued to resist the enemy with determina- tion, and at nightfall the Ame- ricans retired ; nor did they make any attempt to renew the attack. The loss of the British amounted to 10 killed, 44 wounded, and 4 missing. 1819. The lower fort of the fortress of Asseerghur, besieged by British and native regiments, under command of Brigadier- Gen. Doveton, being abandoned by the enemy, was taken posses- sion of on this day. March 31. 1801. After taking possession of the island of St. Thomas, the expedition under Rear-Admiral Duckworth and Lieut. -General Trigge proceeded to the Danish island of Santa Cruz, which sur- rendered on summons this day. 1805. Holkar routed. — Capt. Royal, with the 1st battalion of the 25th native infantry, six companies of the 24th, a battalion of irregular infantry, and some Pohlman’s horse, left Agra on the 26th of March, to act against Hcrnaut, the Chelah of Jeswunt. Rao Holkar, with Bopoojee, com- manding the cavalry, now held together the remnant of the luck- less chief’s army, after its dis- comfiture on the 29 th of March by Lord Lake and the pursuit of the following day. Capt.Royal, at the end of a long march, coming up with the cavalry of Holkar, in position between Bharee and Dholpore, at once charged and broke their squadrons, which only saved themselves from destruction by immediate flight. This success effected, the captain continued his pursuit, but did not again come within reach of the enemy till the 7th of April, then under the walls of Adaulut Nuggur. 1814. Battle of Romain- yille. — On the heights of Ro- mainville and Belleville, the French army which had moved out of Paris under J oseph Bona- parte, Marmont, and Mortier, was defeated on the 30th March by the allied army, which entered Paris on the following day ; and thus was completed the memo- rable and glorious campaign of this year, and the overthrow of Napoleon’s power in Europe and rule in France. 1825. Attack upon Arracan. — Notwithstanding the unsuccess- ful attack upon the enemy’s posi- tion at Arracan on 29 th March by the force under Brigadier-Gen. Morrison, a further attempt was made on the 30th. On that day ground was broken before the defences of the capital ; batteries were soon erected, and by day- light on the 31st a fire opened upon the works. The same 92 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 1, evening’ Brigadier- Gen. Richards, with Major Carter and detach- ments of H. M.’s 44th regiment, the 26th and 49th regiments of Bengal native infantry, and other European and native troops, with some seamen of the flotilla, made a determined attempt upon the right of the enemy, the key of their position. Climbing a height abounding with natural defences, the gallant storming party rushed on a stockade that crowned its summit, and, without losing a man, and having but a few wounded, drove the enemy from their works at the point of the bayonet. Thus was gained a position which led to the fall of Arracan on the following day. April 1, 1794. Attack on St. Lucie. — An expedition under Vice- Adm. Sir John Jervis, and the land forces, commanded by Lieut.- Gen. Sir Charles Grey, arrived at St. Lucie from Martinique, on the 12th of April, when the army landed in three divisions, with little resistance and no loss ; Ma- jor-Gen. Dundas’s division, con- sisting of 3rd battalion light in- fantry under Lieut.-Col. Close, at Anse au Cap, and the 2nd light infantry under Lieut.-Col. Blun- del, at Anse au Choc. Oh form- ing a junction, these corps, after taking the enemy in reverse, were to occupy a position to invest the works of Morne Fortunee, on the side of the Carenage. These operations were executed with the usual spirit and ability of the major-general and the flank bat- talions. The division commanded by H. R. H. Prince Edw r ard, con- sisting of the 1st and 3rd grena- diers, disembarked at Marigot des Roseaux, under the vice-admiral’s immediate direction, and speedily | proceeded towards Morne For- tunee. The 1st battalion of light infantry, under Lieut.-Col. Coote, which did not reach the shore until seven o’clock in the even- ing, landed at Ance ae la Tocque, and immediately moved upon and captured the four-gun battery of Ciceron, investing MorneFortunee on that side ; at the same time covering Cul de Sac, or Barring- ton Bay, for our shipping, which anchored there on the following morning. The 2nd grenadiers and Col. Sir Charles Gordon’s brigade (the 6th, 9th, and 43rd regiments) were kept in reserve on board the squadron. 1825. Capture of Arracan. — The success of Brigadier- Gen. Richards in his attack upon the right, and key of the enemy’s lines before Arracan, was an- nounced to Brigadier-Gen. Mor- rison by a rocket fired at half- past eleven o’clock on the night of the 31st of March, and confirmed by the arrival of Lieut. Wroughton of the surveying department. On the 1st of April, the brigadier was reinforced by the remainder of his brigade, with two 6 -pounders, which w'ere conveyed to him on elephants. Having brought the guns up the difficult ascent, a fire was opened upon the nearest fortified height, and the troops moved forward to assault it, but the enemy fled on their approach. Taking advantage of the panic that was spreading through the Arracan lines, reinforcements under Brigadier- Gen. M‘Bean were brought up. Height after height was abandoned and seized upon, as the troops advanced, until Arracan was won. The city was then taken possession of; but unfortunately, the second day after its capture, a consi- derable portion was burnt, sup- posed to have been done by April 2. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 93 Burmese incendiaries, that the houses might not afford quar- ters for our troops during the approaching rainy season. April 2. 1755. Severndroog and the Port of Geriah taken. — Commodore James, commanding the British squadron in the Indian seas, in his expedition against the piratical state of Ge- riah, having chased the fleet of Tulagee Angria off the coast, returned to destroy the fortifica- tions of his stronghold. These consisted of Severndroog, a strong isolated fortress, mounting 54 guns, within musket-shot of the mainland, defending the port of Geriah, which was also protected by the fort of Goa, mounting 40 guns, and two other forts of 20 guns each. Placing his ships be- tween the island and the main, the commodore cannonaded Se- verndroog with his upper-deck guns, while with those on the lower deck he engaged fort Goa. By noon Severndroog was nearly in ruins, and the houses within the walls in flames. The can- nonade of the ships prevented the defenders from extinguishing the fire, and the conflagration communicating with two maga- zines, the garrison abandoned the place. A short time after this, the fort of Goa hung out a flag of truce; but the Governor with his garrison crossed over to the island and reoccupied the smok- ing ruins of Severndroog. Com- modore James sent them terms of surrender, but as no satisfac- tory reply could be obtained, he landed a party of seamen to storm the place. Forming under cover of the fire of the ships’ these gallant fellows rushed to the gate of the sallyport, and with their axes cut their way into the fort, and, having with their axes cut their way into the fort, drove the defenders beyond the walls, and took possession of the place. The loss of the British was but trifling. 1772. The Capture of Ram- nadaporam. — The English troops, under Col. Smith, and their ally, the Nabob of Arcot, besieged Ramnadaporam, the capital of the greater Marawar. The Poligar garrison refusing the terms of- fered, the place was this day car- ried by assault. 1783. Fortress of Caroor taken. — The southern army in the Mysore, under command of Col. Lang, captured the fortress of Caroor. In this siege the 1st Madras European regiment much distinguished itself. 1805. Holkar’s Camp sur- prised, SOUTH-WEST OF BlIURT- poore. — The cavalry, with the reserve and horse artillery, si- lently left the British camp at midnight, and at daybreak came upon Holkar’s army. Charging them before they had time to mount their horses, the enemy sustained considerable loss, both in the onset and pursuit, and many camels, with the whole of their bazaars, were taken. The 8th light dragoons, 2nd regi- ment of native cavalry, 24th and 25th light dragoons, and 1st re- giment of native cavalry were engaged. 1818. Ntjkye, a Hill Fort, surrendered. — The ghaut hill fort of Nukye surrendered on summons to a field force under Col. M‘Dowall. 1825. Bombardment of Do- nabew. — The sortie of the Bur- mese having failed on the 30th of March, mortars and battering train were landed during the night. A heavy bombardment 94 CALENDAR of victory. April 3 C commenced on the 1st of April, and on the 2nd dispositions were made by Sir Archibald Campbell to carry the place by assault. The day had scarcely dawned, when two prisoners escaping from the fort brought the startling intelligence that Bandoola had been killed on the previous day by the fragment of a shell, and the troops refused to obey any other officer, or to remain in Donabew. The works were evacuated in the night with a degree of regularity that set the vigilance of the besiegers at de- fiance. Nothing remained but to take possession of the abandoned redoubt, and to recommence the march to Prome. 1834. Passage or the River C a very forced. — Lieutenant- Col. Stuart, commanding the 1st or eastern column of the Coorg field force, with H. M.’s 39th re- giment, 48th regiment of N. I., and other troops, forced the pas- sage of the river Cavery, in spite of a bold resistance by the enemy. April 3. 1369. Action near Najara. — When Edward the Black Prince supported the cause of Don Pedro, the deposed King of Castile against Enrique, his illegitimate brother, 30,000 adventurers were sent to Enrique’s aid by the King of France. Of that number, 12,000, under Sir John Clavery and Sir Robert Knowles, at once joined the English ranks ; and with this force, Prince Edward met Enrique on the plains near Najara on the 3rd April. The superi- ority of numbers on the side of the usurper did not prove of much avail ; for they were so panic-stricken by the showers of arrows from the English bow- men, that they soon turned and fled. The throne was thus se- cured to Pedro, through the in- strumentality of the English Prince and his gallant warriors. 1780. The British army, under Gen. Goddard, on the 3rd April, at daybreak, surprised the Mah- ratta camp, and dispersed the army of Scindiah and Holkar, routing their numerous forces, almost without sustaining any loss. 1811. Action of Sabugae. — During the two first days of April the allies occupied a line along the rugged banks of the Coa, parallel to the enemy’s right. Trant and Wilson, meanwhile, passing the river below Almeida,, penetrated between that fortress and Ciudad Rodrigo; but Lord Wellington intending to assail the other flank, and, in order to pro- tect the left and rear of the army, he placed the 6th division oppo- site the 6th corps in position at Rovina. At daylight on the 3rd, the cavalry under General Slade, being on the extreme right, was or- dered to cross the Upper Coa; the light division to ford a little be- low, the 3rd division still lower, and the 5th with the artillery to force the bridge of Sabugal; whilst the 1st and 7th were held in reserve. The morning was so foggy that the troops could not gain their posts of attack with regularity, and the light division moved with so little precision, that Col. Beckwith, commanding the 1st brigade, acting under a miscon- ceived order, forded the river; and, although aware of the ene- my being in considerable force, mounted a very steep wooded hill, preceded by four companies of the 95th, in skirmishing order, with the 43rd regiment in sup- port; but the other part of the brigade were at some distance, moving to the true point, when a heavy rain rendered it impos- April fta CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 95 sible to distinguish friends from foes. Scarcely had the riflemen reached the top of the hill, when a strong body of the French made them retire upon the 43rd. Beck- with, nothing daunted by this overpowering mass, immediately charged the enemy with such de- termination that he drove them back, and the summit of the hill was attained. At this moment two French guns opened with grape, as fresh bodies were ga- thering round, and the enemy rushed up the acclivity with great clamour. Capt. Hopkins of the 43rd, leading a flank company to the right, with admirable presence of mind seized a small eminence close to the French guns. By well-directed volleys he checked the advancing columns, then, sud- denly rushing forward with the bayonet, threw them into disorder, just as the two battalions of the 52nd regiment entered the line. Meanwhile the centre and left of the 43rd were furiously engaged. The French fell fast, a second charge cleared the hill, and a ho- witzer was captured. A second and a stronger column of infantry had ascended the face of the hill, to retake the howitzer, but the deadly fire of the 43rd kept them in check. Two English guns now came into action, and the two battalions of the 52nd, charging upon the flank of the assailants, maintained possession of the height. Reynier, bringing up his reserves, amounting to 6000 in- fantry, with cavalry and artillery, resolutely advanced to storm the contested height. But at this crisis the 5th division passed the bridge of Sabugal, the cavalry appeared on the hills beyond the enemy’s left, and Gen. Colville, with the leading brigade of the 3rd division, issuing out of the wood on Reynier’s right, opened a fire on their flank, which in- stantly decided the fate of the day. The French general hastily retreated upon Reudo, where uniting with the 6th corps, they fell back upon Alfayates, pursued by the English cavalry. The loss of the allies in this sharp en- counter, which did not last quite an hour, was nearly 200 killed and wounded. That of the ene- my was far more considerable: 300 dead bodies were heaped to- gether on the hill, the greater part around the captured howitzer; and more than 1200 were wound- ed. Wellington, in his official despatch, thus expresses, himself: “ This was one of the most glo- rious actions that British troops were ever engaged in.” April 1760. VlLLAPORAM TAKEN. — Capt. Wood, of the 1st Madras European regiment, detached with a force to effect the reduc- tion of the fortress of Villaporam, situated 20 miles west of Pon- dicherry, attacked the place on the 3rd of April. The sepoys, scrambling up the walls without ladders, were repulsed ; and the garrison, elated with their success, made a sally, in which they were so severely handled by the Indian horse that, before another assault could be attempted, the enemy abandoned the fortress to the be- siegers. 1794. Surrender of St. Lucie. — The capture of the re- doubt and batteries near the works of Morne Fortunee on the 2nd of April hastened the re- duction of the island of St. Lucie; and on the 4th, Gen. Picard, commanding the French forces, entered into terms of capi tulation for the surrender of the 96 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. April 5, island and its dependencies "to Great Britain. On the same day H.R.H. Prince Edward and Major-Gen. Dundas, wdth their brigades, took possession of Morne Fortune e, the name of which, on hoisting the British flag, was changed to Fort Charlotte; and thus this valuable colony was gained without loss on the part of the British. 1799. Cavalry routed. — Gen. Baird, with the flank com- panies of his brigade and a picket of cavalry, sent to reconnoitre the enemy before Seringapatam, fell in with and routed a detachment of the enemy’s cavalry. April 5. 1760. Reduction of Cari- cal. — The force under Major Monson, which arrived in the roads of Carical on the 28th of March, on board the squadron of Rear-Adm. Cornish, threw up batteries ; and fort Dauphin, the principal outwork seaward, was bombarded until abandoned by the French garrison. The north side of the fortress itself then be- came the point of attack. Guns were landed from the squadron, and breaching batteries speedily opened upon the works, the ene- my actively returning the fire. Major Monson being reinforced, was enabled to invest the fortress completely on the 2nd of April. By the evening of the 4th the batteries had ruined the north face of the east ravelin ; whilst a battery was almost completed that would demolish the east face of the northern ; and other works had also been injured, or were about being commanded by our guns. The major hearing that a force of 120 horse and 400 European infantry were within twenty miles, marching to relieve the fortress, summoned the go- vernor to surrender, threatening to storm the place if his proposal did not meet with immediate com- pliance. The commandant, not aware of a relief so near at hand, surrendered the garrison, consist- ing of 206 Europeans and 200 sepoys, together with 155 pieces of ordnance. 1761. The strong fort of Gin- gee, the last fortress held by the French in the Carnatic, this day surrendered to the British, after a feeble resistance. 1799. The fortress of Caroor surrendered this day, during the operations against Tippoo Saib previous to the fall of Seringa- patam. The British besieging force was under the command of Col. Brown. 1814. Action at Etauliers. — Lieut- Gen. the Earl of Dal- housie, with the 2nd brigade of his division and other troops, crossed the river Dordogne on the 4th of April, and on the 5th attacked and routed General L’Huiflier, with 1200 infantry and 300 cavalry, at Etauliers, taking 30 officers and about 250 men prisoners. 1842. Ivhyber Pass forced. — In the advance of the British army under Major-General Pol- lock to relieve the fortress of Jellalabad, and then march on Cabul to take vengeance upon the treacherous Affghans, our troops this day forced the fearful Khyber Pass. The right column, which performed this gallant sendee, consisted of H. M.’s 9th foot, 26th and 64th N. I., four companies from each regiment, under the command of Lieut. - Col. Taylor. The left column drew an equal strength from the same regiments, with 400 Jezail- chees, ' commanded by Lieut.- Col. Moseley. These swept the April 6. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 97 heights defended by the Kyber- ries, driving them from their fast- nesses, — Capt. Alexander, with artillery, aiding the advance by a shower of shrapnel shell when opportunity offered. The heights gained, the main body advanced; and though they found a barrier and other works at the mouth of the pass, the enemy retreated be- fore them, and the passage of the Kyber, which had never been forced either by native or Euro- pean troops, was this day effected. April 6. 1812. Assault or Badajoz. — It was arranged that the San Roque, the breaches, the Parda- leras, the distant bastion of St. Vincente, and the bridge-head on the other side of the Guadiana were to be simultaneously at- tacked at 10 o’clock at night on the 6th of April ; but an unfore- seen accident delayed the move- ment of the 5th division, and a lighted carcass thrown from the castle, having discovered the ar- ray of the 3rd division, obliged them to anticipate the signal by half an hour. Everything being suddenly disturbed, the double columns of the 4th and light divisions also moved silently and swiftly against the breaches ; and the guard of the trenches, rushing forward, encompassed the San Roque with fire, and broke in with such violence that scarcely any resistance was made. Gen. Kempt, leading the 3rd division, passed the Rivillas in single files by a narrow bridge, under a terrible fire of musketry, then, re-forming, ran up the rugged hill, and had reached the foot of the castle, when he fell severely wounded, and, being carried back to the trenches, met Picton hastening forward to take the command. Meanwhile his troops reared their heavy ladders against the lofty castle, and, with incre- dible courage, ascended amidst showers of heavy stones and bursting shells, rolled off the pa- rapet, while a rapid musketry poured on the flanks ; and in front the assailants were stabbed with pikes and bayonets, or the ladders overthrown. All this was attended with deafening shouts, the crash of breaking ladders, and the shrieks of crushed sol- diers. The British, baffled in their daring efforts, took shelter under the edge of the hill. Here, the ranks being re-formed, the heroic Col. Ridge called on his men to follow, then, seizing a ladder, placed it against the castle, where an embrasure of- fered facility. Canch, an officer of grenadiers, followed his ex- ample ; and the next instant they were on the rampart. Their shouting comrades pressing after them, the amazed enemy were driven into the town, and the castle was won. A reinforce- ment from the French reserve then came up ; and after some sharp firing the enemy retired, but Ridge had gloriously fallen. Meanwhile the light and the 4th divisions, bearing upon the bastion of Santa Maria and the breaches of the Trinidad, ar- rived nearly at the same moment at their respective points of attack. The two divisions got mixed, until the ditch was quite filled, and all, cheering vehemently,, rushed up the great breach ; but across the top were ponderous beams chained together, which glittered with a range of sword blades, and for ten feet in front the ascent was covered with loose planks studded with sharp iron points, which, moving, threw the unhappy victims back upon their II 98 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 7< gallant followers. Again and again, the assailants rushed up the breaches, whilst the hissing shells and thundering powder- barrels exploded around them. Two hours spent in these vain efforts convinced the soldiers that the breach of the Trinidad was impregnable. At this awful mo- ment, when the dead were lying in heaps around, Capt. Nicholas, of the engineers, assisted by Lieut. Shaw of the 43rd and 50 daring followers, forced their way into the Santa Maria bastion ; but they had only gained two- thirds of the ascent when nearly the whole fell to the earth under the concentrated discharge of grape and musketry, Nicholas be- ing among the mortally wounded. About midnight, when 2000 brave men had fallen, Wel- lington, finding that the castle was taken, determined to make a second assault. On the other side of the fortress the 5th di- vision had commenced the false attack on the Pardaleras, the Portuguese were sharply engaged at the bridge on the right of the Guadiana, and General Walker’s brigade was escalading the dis- tant bastion of San Vincente. Spite of determined opposition and severe loss, their enduring courage gained them the ram- parts ; half the 4th regiment entered the town itself, while others, by dint of hard fighting, successively won three bastions. In this moment of success, the troops, appalled by the cry of “ a mine ! ” were so firmly attacked by the French reserve, that they cleared the ramparts even to the San Vincente ; but here a bat- talion of the 38th, pouring in one close volley, routed the exulting enemy. The panic then ceased ; the soldiers once more charged along the walls towards the breaches, whilst the detachment of the 4th regiment that had entered the town, which was brilliantly illuminated, advanced, with bugles sounding, to the great square. The fight still raging at the breaches, they at- tempted to take the garrison in reverse ; but, driven back with loss, they resumed their move- ment in the streets. At length the breaches were abandoned by the enemy ; and finally General Viellande, and Phillipon, who was wounded, passed the bridge with a few hundred soldiers, and entered San Christoval, where they all surrendered early the next morning. Five thousand men and officers fell during this siege. Of these, including ,700 Portuguese, 3500 had been stricken in the assault, 60 officers and 700 men being slain on the spot. Gens. Kempt, Harvey, Bowes, Colville, and Picton were wounded, the first three severely. April 7. 1597. Sir Anthony Shirley land- ed with troops from the English squadron at Puerto de Cavallos, Bay of Honduras, and captured that town on the 7 th of April. 1759. The garrison of Musula- patam, was besieged since the 25th of March by the British under command of Colonel Forde, who, disappointed in the non-arrival of promised relief, and learning that only sufficient ammunition remained in his batteries to re- open a breach which the enemy had stopped, at once resolved to storm the place, though the garrison far outnumbered his own force. Accordingly, at night- fall, Capt. Knox, with a sepoy force, was sent round to the south-west angle of the fort, and April 8. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 99 about midnight commenced an attack in that quarter. This de- monstration was supported by a similar assault upon the ravelin of the pettah gateway, by troops of the Rajah of Visnapore. The real attack was by the European troops, chiefly of the Madras European regiments, about 370 men, including artillerymen and sailors of H. M. S. Hardwicke. This force, supported by 700 sepoys, assaulted the breaches in the north-east bastion, which they carried after suffering heavy loss. Here stationing a reserve, divisions pushed forward which swept the works, while each bat- tery gained, was turned upon the enemy. The fight continued until messages passed between Col. Forde and M. de Conflans, the French general, when all re- sistance ceased, and the fortress surrendered. 1811. Cavalry Attack at Yal de Mula. — A division of 4000 Portuguese militia under Col. Trant, marching on the 6th April to Val de Mula, was in danger of being cut off by the 9 th corps of the enemy, when suddenly two shots were heard to the south- ward. The French, forming squares immediately, had com- menced a retreat, when six squa- drons of British cavalry and Bull’s troop of horse artillery came sweeping over the plain in their rear. Notwithstanding the fearful effect produced on the dense masses of the enemy by the cannon shots, and the horse- men continually flanking their line of march, they retreated in such perfect order that they gained the rough ground, and finally escaped over the Agueda, but with the loss of 300 men, killed, wounded, and prisoners. 1842. Sortie from Jella- labad. — Major- Gen. Sir R. Sale, commanding the forces at Jella- labad, directed a sortie to be made in three columns, at day- light on 7th April. The first column consisted of H. M.’s 13th regiment, under Lieut.- Colonel Dennie ; the 35th native in- fantry, under Lieut.- Col. Mon- teith, formed the second ; and the third column, commanded by Capt. Havelock, was composed of detachments from the several regiments, with sappers and miners. The whole force, sup- ported by cavalry and artillery, amounting to 1800 men, moved steadily forward ; and although the enemy’s whole force, full 6000 men, were in order of battle for the defence of the camp, the British bore all before them, and the enemy dispersed in great con- fusion, All their artillery was captured, and the camp fired in all directions. Our loss was not severe, though we had to regret the death of Lieut.-Col. Dennie, who fell mortally wounded while leading on his column of attack. April 8. 1801. Capture of Rosetta. — The British and Turkish troops under Col, Spencer, appearing before the town of Rosetta on the 8th of April, the garrison, con- sisting of 800 French troops, of- fered but slight resistance, and made their retreat to the right bank of the Nile. A few of the enemy were killed, and some pri- soners taken by the British. Fort Julian, the citadel of the town, still holding out, was besieged. 1814. The Anglo-Sicilian army, under Lieut.-Gen. Lord William Bentinck, in the expedition against Genoa, by a series of judicious movements, and without meeting with much opposition, this day compelled the French to retire 100 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 9 , from the strong position they had occupied near Sestri. 1814. Action at Croix d’O- rade. — The 3rd, 4th, and 6th British divisions, and three bri- gades of cavalry, under Beres- ford, crossed the Garonne at Grenade, fifteen miles below Toulouse, on the 3rd April ; but the river swelled so fast that the light division and Spaniards were unable to follow. On the 8th, the waters having subsided, Freyre’s Spaniards and the Por- tuguese artillery crossed, and Wellington, taking the command in person, advanced to the heights of Fenoulhiet, within five miles of Toulouse. When the left of his columns approached the heights of Kyrie Eleison, on the great road of Alby, Vivian’s horsemen drove Berton’s cavalry up the right of the Ers towards the bridge of Bordes, and the 18th hussars descended towards that of Croix d’Orade. The latter was defended by Vial’s dragoons, and, after some skirmishing, the 18th was suddenly menaced by a regiment in front of the bridge, the opposite bank of the river being lined with dismounted car- biniers. On the approach of some British, both parties sounded a charge at the. same moment ; but the English horses were so fleet that the French were in an instant jammed up on the bridge, their front ranks sabred, and the mass, breaking away to the rear, went off in disorder, leaving many killed and wounded, and above a hundred prisoners in the hands of the victors. They were pur- sued through the village of Croix d’Orade, but beyond it, they ral- lied on joining the rest of the bri- gade, and again advanced. The hussars then recrossed the bridge, •which was defended by British infantry, whose fire repelled the French cavalry. The communi- cation between the allied columns was thus secured. Col. Vivian having been wounded by a car- bine shot previous to the charge on the bridge, the attack was conceived, and this brilliant ac- tion achieved, by Major Hughes, of the 18th. April 9. 1755. The port and fortifica- tions of Bancole, in the piratical state of Geriah, on the coast of Malabar, surrendered this day to the expedition under Commodore James. 1780. A detachment of the 60th regiment, under Capt. Poison, embarked on board the Hitchen- brooke, Capt. H. Nelson, at Port Royal, Jamaica, proceeded to Cape Gracias a Dios, where they were reinforced by a party of the 79th regiment. Then, sailing along the Musquito shore until they reached the river San Juan, where, being joined by some In- dians, the troops embarked in the ship’s boats, and such small craft as could be procured, ascended the river. After much difficulty, they arrived at the fortified island of Bartolomew, where Nelson, leading his men, made an easy conquest of the battery, and then the place surrendered. 1819. Surrender of Fortress of Asseerghur. — Major-Gen. Doveton invested the strong for- tress of Asseerghur on 27 th March, and on the 21st the enemy were driven out of the lower part of the fortification, but the commanding fire of the upper fort would not allow the British to take posses- sion. It being therefore deter- mined to bring the enemy to sub- mission, batteries continued to be erected until the 7th April, on which day the cannonade was so April 10. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 101 fiercely maintained that a prac- ticable breach was effected. On the 8th, negotiations being opened, the firing ceased, and at sunrise on the 9 th the British colours were hoisted on the western tower of the upper fort of Asseerghur, under a royal salute ; at the same time the garrison, consisting of 1200 men, descended into the pettah, where they laid down their arms. The British casual- ties during the siege were eleven European and four native officers, ninety-five European, and one hundred and thirteen native rank and file, killed and wounded. The enemy’s loss was forty-three killed, and ninety-five wounded. 1825. A British force, consist- ing of European and native in- fantry and the troops of the state of Cutch, was detached under the command of Colonel Campbell in pursuit of the Maunaha marau- ders who had overrun the coun- try. On the morning of the 9 th April, they were discovered in great force among the hills of Rymal Roahs, and attacked so boldly that they fled in great disorder; but at nightfall they reunited and crossed the Pix- hum ; thus the country was rid of those daring intruders. April 10. 1814. Battle op Toulouse. — The light division of the army under Wellington passed the Garonne by the bridge of Seilh at 2 o’clock on the morning of 10th April, and about 6 o’clock the whole army moved forward. Pic- ton and Alton on the right, drove in the French advanced posts ; and Freyre’s Spaniards, compel- ling the enemy to retire to the horn work on the Calvinet plat- form, established themselves on the Pugade, whence a heavy fire was opened against Calvinet by the Portuguese guns. Beresford, preceded by the hussars, moved from Croix d’Orade in three co- lumns, and, passing behind the Pugade through the village of Montblanc, entered the marshy ground between the Ers river and Mont Rave, leaving his artillery at the village. Vivian’s cavalry on his left drove Berton’s horse- men back with loss, and had nearly seized the bridge of Bordes, which the enemy passed and destroyed ; but the German hussars succeeded in gaining the bridge of Montabiau, though defended by Berton himself, who remained in position near the bridge of Bordes, looking down on the left of the Ers. Mean- while Gen. Freyre, with 9000 Spa- niards, assailed the hornwork on the platform of Calvinet, at about eleven o’clock, while Beresford was still in march. Moving in two lines and a reserve, they advanced with great resolu- tion, although opposed to a tre- mendous fire that thinned their ranks at every step ; but they still advanced until their right wing became raked from the bridge of Montabiau. The leading ranks, rushing madly onwards, jumped for shelter into a hollow road covering this part of the French intrenchments ; but the left wing and the second line ran back in great disorder. Then the French, leaping out of their works and lining the edge of the hollow road, poured upon the helpless crowds a murderous fire, while the battery of Montabiau raked this opening with destructive ef- fect. The Spaniards rallied, but being assailed by several corps of the enemy, they fled in disorder, until Wellington covered these panic-stricken troops with Pon- sonby’s cavalry, and a vigorous n 3 102 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 10, fire from the reserve artillery. In the meantime the Portuguese guns continued to cannonade the Pugade, and a brigade of the light division menacing the vic- torious French, they hastily re- tired into the intrenchments on Calvinet ; but more than 1500 Spaniards had been killed or wounded. Gen. Picton, disre- garding his orders, turned his false attack into a real one against the bridge of Jumeaux; and the enemy, fighting from an elevated position, approach- able only along an open flat, re- pulsed him with a loss of nearly 400 men. Thus, from the hill of Pugade to the Garonne, the French had vindicated their po- sition. The musketry now ceased for a time ; but the can- nonade was kept up along the whole French line, and by the allies, from St. Cyprien to Mont- blanc. The repulse of Picton en- abled Soult to drawTaupin’s whole division and other troops from St. Cyprien, and then his force on the Mont Rave was not less than 15,000 combatants, dispos- able for an offensive movement, without weakening his defences in that quarter. While Beresford, having completed his flank move- ment, had wheeled into lines at the foot of the heights, Taupin’s infantry poured down the hill ; but the discharge of some rockets having arrested their progress, Lambert’s brigade of the 6th di- vision rushed forward, shouting loudly, and the French, turning, fled back to the upper ground, with the loss of their general. Vial’s horsemen now charged on the right flank, but the second and third lines of the 6th divi- sion being thrown into squares, repulsed them. On the other flank, Gen. Cole had been so sudden in his advance up the heights that Berton’s cavalry had no opportunity to charge. Lambert, without a check, won the summit of the platform, while Cole, meeting with less resist- ance, rapidly gained the heights ; and so complete was the rout, that two redoubts were abandon- ed from panic, and the enemy sought shelter in the works of Sacarin and Cambon. About half-past two o’clock, the French had concentrated a considerable force under Gen. Clauzel, in ad- vance of the intrenchments. Just at this moment Beresford re- newed the action ; his troops, scrambling up the steep banks of the Lavaur road, where they had been well protected from the fire of the enemy, wheeled to the left by wings of regiments, and, ascending the slope facing the Ers in spite of a heavy cannon- ade, carried the Colombette and Calvinet redoubts. But soon the enemy came back reinforced, re- covered the Colombette, and the struggle became terrible. At length, when the 6th division as- sailed them flank and front, their Gens. Harispe and Baurot had fallen dangerously wounded, and the Colombette retaken by the 79 th regiment, the battle turn- ed, and the French, abandoning the platform, fell back towards Sacarin and Montabiau. It was now 4 o’clock. The Spaniards had once more partially attacked, but they were again put to flight, and the French remained masters of the intrenchments in that quarter ; for the 6th division had been severely engaged, and Beres- ford halted to re-form his order of battle and bring up his artil- lery. But Soult, seeing that the Spaniards, supported by the light division, had rallied a fourth time* that Picton again menaced the bridge of Jumeaux, while Beres- April 11 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 103 ford was now advancing along the summit of Mont Rave, deem- ed further resistance useless. About 5 o’clock he withdrew his whole army behind the canal, but still retaining the advanced works of Sacarin and Cambon. Lord Wellington then became master of the Mont Rave in all its extent, and thus the battle terminated. The French had five generals and about 3000 men killed or wounded, and they lost one piece of artillery. The allies lost four generals, and 4669 men, of which 2000 were Spa- niards. This was a lamentable and useless sacrifice of life; ; for before this period, Napoleon had abdi- cated, and the allies were in Paris. April 11. 1794. Landing at Guada- lotjpe. — The expedition under Vice-Adm. Sir John Jervis, which sailed from St. Lucie on the 5th April, with troops under Major- Gen. Sir Charles Grey, anchored at Pointe a Petre, Guadaloupe, on the 10th. At one o’clock on the following morning a landing was effected in Gosier Bay, by detach- ments of the 1st and 2nd grena- diers, one company of the 43rd regiment, and 500 seamen and marines, the whole under the command of Col. Symes. The de- barkation was so effectually co- vered by the Winchelsea, Capt. Lord Garlies, that the enemy were driven from their batteries ; and this service was effected with but trifling loss. Reinforcements arriving on the same evening, dispositions were made for the attack of Fleur d’Epee. 1794. Caribs defeated. — In the prolonged and desperate war carried on by the Caribs, aided by the French, against the English in Grenada, on the night of the 10th of April, 1794, three columns of British troops were detached from Berkshire Hill to storm the insurgents’ camps, si- tuated about three miles from Sion Hill. The light infantry, which were to cut off the enemy’s re- treat to Calliaqua, arriving at the point of attack before the co- operating columns, were nearly overpowered by superior numbers. On the other side, the militia and sailors from H. M. S. Roebuck, from some misconceived order, retreated. Fortunately at this moment Capt. Campbell, with the grenadiers of the 46th, and Lieut. Farquharson, with a detachment of the 60th, came up, and, having restored the confidence of the troops, charged the Caribs so ef- fectually that they flew in all di- rections; and they then carried and destroyed their camps. 1812 . Action near Llerena. — Sir Stapleton Cotton, following the retreating French army under Marshal Soult, being ap- prised on the evening of the 10th of April that Peyreymont’s ca- valry was between Villa Garcia and Usagre, immediately took measures to cut it off. Anson’s brigade now commanded by Col. Fred. Ponsonby, moved during the night from Villa Franca upon Usagre, and at the same time Le Marchant’s brigade marched from Los Santos upon Benvenida, to intercept the retreat upon Llerena. Ponsonby’s advanced guard having commenced the action before Le Marchant could arrive at his destination, the French fell back; but, as some heights, skirting the Llerena road, prevented their seeing that gene- ral’s brigade, they again drew up in order of battle behind the junction of the Benvenida road. The hostile forces were nearly equal, numbering about nine- teen hundred sabres on each 1G4 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 12. side; but the action was soon de- cided. Sir Stapleton Cotton, ably- seizing the accidental advantage of ground, engaged the ene- my’s attention by skirmishing with Ponsonby’s squadrons ; while Le Marchant, passing at the back of the heights unseen, sent the 5th dragoon guards against their flank, and the next moment Pon- sonby charged their front. Thus assailed, the French gave -way in disorder, and, being pursued four miles, many were killed, and seve- ral officers and one hundred and twenty-eight men taken prisoners. The loss of the British was only fifty-six men and officers killed and wounded. April 12. 1794. Reduction of Guada- loupe. — It having been arranged on the preceding evening by Gen. Sir Charles Grey that an attack should be made on the fort of Fleur d’Epee, where the enemy had assembled in considerable force, that post was carried by storm at 5 o’clock on the morning of the 12 th of April, under a heavy fire of cannon and mus- ketry. The troops, strictly en- joined not to fire, but to ex- ecute everything with the bayonet, moved to the attack according to the following arrangement. The 1st division, commanded by H.R.H. Prince Edward, consist- ing of 1st and 2nd battalions and 100 of the naval battalion, to attack the position of Morne Marcot. The 2nd, under Major- Gen. Dundas, consisting of the 1st and 2nd battalions of light infantry and 100 of the naval bat- talion, to attack the fort of Fleur d’Epee in the rear, and to cut off the communication with fort Louis and Pointe a Petre. The third, under Col. Symes, consist- ing of 3rd battalion of grena- diers, 3rd battalion of light in- fantry, and the remainder of the naval battalion, to proceed on the road by the seaside, to co-operate ■with Major- Gen. Dundas. The signal-gun being fired by H.M. S. Boyne at 5 o’clock, the attack immediately commenced, and was performed with such exactitude, ability, and courage, that the se- veral posts were carried, and the whole of Grande Terre fell into the possession of the British. The loss sustained amounted to 15 rank and file killed, 2 captains, 3 lieutenants, and 40 men wounded. The enemy had 68 killed, 55 wounded; and 110 pri- soners were taken. 1814.; Termination of the Campaign. — Lord Wellington re- paired, on the 11th of April, to St. Cyprien, in order to ascertain the state of General Hill’s position, and to direct the further move- ments in attacking Toulouse. Meanwhile all the light cavalry was sent up the canal to inter- rupt the communications with Suchet and menace Soult’s re- treat by the road leading to Carcassone. The appearance of this corps on the heights of St. Martyn, above Baziege, combined with the preparations in his front, convinced Soult that he could no longer delay, if he would not be shut up in Toulouse. Having therefore terminated all his ar- rangements, he left the gallant Harispe and another general, with eight pieces of heavy artillery and sixteen hundred severely wounded soldiers, to the humanity of the conquerors; then filing out of the city with surprising order, he made a forced march of twenty- two miles, cut the bridges over the canal and the Upper Ers, and on the 12th established his army at Villefranche. Wellington now entered Toulouse in triumph. April 13. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 105 April 13. 1813. Action of Castalla. The allied forces under com- mand of Lieut.- Gen. Sir John Murray, in the south of Spain, had taken up a strong position, about three miles from the pass of Biar on the 11th of April. The left, composed of Whit- tingham’s Spaniards, was in- trenched on a rugged mountain, ending abruptly above the town of Castalla, which, with its old castle on the summit of a sugar-loaf hill, closed the right of that wing, and was occupied in strength by Mackenzie’s division, while the ca- valry were on an extensive plain, interspersed with olive planta- tions, at the foot of the town. The advanced guard, in the pass of Biar, amounting to about 2500 men, was composed of two Italian regiments and a battalion of the British 27 th regiment, two companies of German rifle- men, a troop of hussars, and six guns. The position, though strong and difficult, was attacked with such vigour by the French on the 12 th April, that they fought their way to the summit, and compelled the allies, after a fight of two hours, to abandon the pass with loss. On the 13th the enemy’s cavalry extended in the plain as far as Onil; they were followed by the infantry, who oc- cupied a low ridge in front of the allies’ left. Suchet, opening his artillery against the centre and right wing of the allies, and form- ing several columns of attack, commenced the action against their left. The ascent in front of Whittingham’s post being rugged and steep, and the upper parts intrenched, it there became a fight of light troops, in which the Spaniards maintained their ground with resolution. On the other side of the projecting hill, the French mounted the heights with determination, spreading their light troops over the whole face of the Sierra, and, though partially driven back, the main body moving up maintained its ground; and while the British were preparing for the struggle, a grenadier officer, advancing alone, challenged the captain of the 27 th grenadiers to single combat. Waldson, a vigorous active Irish- man, instantly sprang forward : the hostile lines looked on in silent solicitude as the swords of the champions glittered in the sun, and the Frenchman’s head was cleft in twain. The next instant the 27th, jumping up with a deafening shout, fired a volley at half-pistol shot, then, rushing forward with the bayonet, over- threw the enemy, and the side of the Sierra was covered with the fallen. Suchet, seeing his prin- cipal column defeated, and at every other point having the worst of the fight, made two se- condary attacks, to covei: the re- treating troops; but these also failing, his army became se- parated in three parts. Had Sir John Murray seized the mo- ment and made a vigorous sally from Castalla, a general advance would have obliged the French reserves to fall back upon Biar before the cavalry could come to their assistance ; but the com*- mandcr-in-chief having remained behind Castalla during the whole of the action, gave the enemy time to retire his forces towards the pass of Biar. Then gradually passing out of the town, he changed his front, forming two lines across the valley. In the meantime, Mackenzie, moving out by the left of Castalla, with three British, and one German batta- lion, and eight guns, followed the 106 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. April lft< enemy more rapidly. By this time the French plunged into the pass in a confused mass, haying a rear- guard of three battalions with eight guns; and these being pressed by Mackenzie, suffered so much from the English shot, that a vigorous charge would have driven them in disorder upon the other troops in the narrow defile ; but Murray, despite of all remonstrance, in- sisted upon the recall of Mac- kenzie’s brigade when the victory was within their grasp. Suchet, thus relieved, immediately oc- cupied a position across the de- file, with his flanks on the heights ; and although his left was even- tually assailed by some light troops, he retained his position, and in the night retired to Euente de la Higuera. In the battle of Castalla the allies had about 1 7,000 of all arms, and the French about 15,000. The loss of the latter in killed and wounded, ac- cording to Suchet’s account, was no more than 800 ; but it is sup- posed to have exceeded double that member. That of the al- lies was between six and seven hundred. April 1ft. 1814. Sortie from Bayonne. ■ — Major-Gen. Sir John Hope, conducting the investment of Bayonne, had made preparations for attacking the citadel, when the news reached him indirectly of the events at Paris, and these rumours perhaps lulled the vigi- lance of the besiegers. The for- tified posts at St. Etienne were at this period furnished by a bri- gade of the 5th division, while thence to the extreme right, the guards had charge of the line ; and they had also one company in the village of St. Etienne. The German brigade of Gen. Hinuber was encamped as a support to the left, the remainder of the 1st division was in the rear, towards Boucaut. About 1 o’clock in the morning of the 14th April, a de- serter coming over to Gen. Hay, who commanded the outposts, gave an exact account of a pro- jected sally from Bayonne. The intelligence was transmitted to Sir John Hope; but Hay, not crediting the man’s story, took no additional precautions. Gen. Hinuber, more cautious, fortu- nately placed the German brigade and the reserves of guards under arms. About 3 o’clock the French, commencing with a false attack on the left of the Adour, poured suddenly out of the citadel a force of 3000 men, who, surprising the pickets, broke through the chain of posts at various points, and carried the whole village of St. Etienne, with the exception of a fortified house which was reso- lutely defended by Capt. Forster of the 38th regiment. They drove the pickets and supports along the Peyrehorade road, killed Gen. Hay, and took Col. Townsend of the guards pri- soner ; then, dividing, the wings of the investing troops passed into the rear and threw the whole line into confusion. At this mo- ment Gen. Hinuber moved up his Germans on the side of St. Eti- enne, rallied some of the 5th division, and being joined by a battalion of Portuguese, regained the village. On the right, the com- bat was even more disastrous than in the centre; the troops on both sides, broken into small bodies by the enclosures, unable to re- cover order, came dashing to- gether in the darkness, fighting often with the bayonet, some- times encountering friends, and sometimes foes; and the horror was increased by the shot and UBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS April 15. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 107 shells fired from the citadel, whilst the gun-boats opened upon -the flank of the supporting columns, which, having been put in motion by Sir John Hope on the first alarm, were then coming up from Boucaut. Nearly one hundred pieces of artillery were now in full play, and the shells having set fire to several houses and to the fascine depots, the flames cast a horrid glare over the striving masses. Amidst this confusion, Sir John Hope, having his horse shot under him, was severely wounded and taken prisoner. The day was now beginning to break, and the allies were enabled to act with more unity. The reserve bri- gades of the guards being proper- ly disposed by Gen. Howard, who had succeeded to the command, suddenly raised a loud shout, and, running in upon the Erench, drove them back into the works with such slaughter that they lost a general and 900 men. The British loss amounted to 830 ; of these more than 200 were taken prisoners, and Gen. Stopford was among the wounded. The heroic defence of the fortified house by Capt. Eorster, and the gallant manner in which Gen. Hinuber and his Germans retook St. Etienne, saved the allies from a very serious disaster. April 3.5. 1752. Attack upon Samia- veram repulsed. — A midnight attack was made by about 80 Erench troops and 700 sepoys upon Samiaveram, a fortress held by the English under command of Clive. This distinguished of- ficer, then a captain, was for the moment taken by surprise, and wounded; but, soon recovering his presence of mind, by inducing a division of the attacking party to believe that it was surrounded by his troops, it speedily sur- rendered. The prisoners thus taken, were, however, soon re- leased by the main body of the enemy, who, making a stand in a small pagoda, repulsed an at- tack upon them. While holding parley with Clive and making terms, an English deserter killed, by a single discharge of his mus- ket, the two sergeants on whom the wounded captain, weak from loss of blood, was leaning. The Erench, after this treacherous act, immediately surrendered. The sepoys made the best of their way out of the camp before morn- ing, and, pursued by the British Mahratta horse, were all cut to pieces. 1759. Guadaloupe. — In the attacks on the different positions held by the Erench at Guada- loupe, as mentioned in our co- lumns for the 12th April, Briga- dier Crumpe was ordered by Gen. Barrington to advance to the Bay of Mahault with 700 men, de- taching from this force 100 men under Capt. Steele to Goyave, where that officer took a battery and an intrenchment. The ene- my, after one discharge of their guns, abandoned them to the English. Capt. Steele, having spiked 7 guns of the battery, re- turned to head-quarters. 1793. Reduction of Tobago. — The expedition under Major- Gen. Cuyler, and a squadron commanded by Vice-Adm. Sir John Laforey, arrived in Great Courland Bay, in the island of Tobago, at noon on the 14th April, and the whole of the troops were on shore by 3 o’clock. That force, consisting of nine com- panies of the 4th battalion of the 60th regiment, two flank com- panies of the 9th regiment under the command of Major Baillie, a de- 108 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 16. tachment of artillery, and twenty- five marines commanded by Major Bright, immediately advanced within sight of the enemy’s fort, whence a summons was sent to the commandant of the island to surrender. This being refused, Gen. Cuyler determined to assault the fort that night, and at half past 1 o’clock on the morning of the 15th the troops moved to- wards the town of Scarborough, which they reached undiscovered; but being fired upon from a house by some of the inhabitants, gave the garrison the alarm. As the troops had been strictly en- joined not to fire, but trust en- tirely to the bayonet, no return was made. In consequence of the guide leading the grenadiers having run away, a delay was occasioned, and part of the co- lumn separated in mounting the hill. Nevertheless, as soon as daylight appeared, the light in- fantry and part of the grenadiers reached the fort. The other troops having taken the road leading directly to the barrier, and the enemy’s fire commencing on the flank companies led by Major Gordon, the former at- tacked the bander under a heavy fire of grape and musketry, while the latter, at that moment pushing 4 forward, very gallantly carried the work, and the enemy speedily surrendered as prisoners of war. 1811. Surrender of Oli- venza. — Marshal Beresford sum- moned Olivenzaon the 9th April; but the governor rejecting the summons, the army encamped around the place, and prepara- tions were ordered for the siege. The French, under Latour Mau- bourg, having retired to Llerena, Beresford on the 11th, leaving Gen. Cole wdth the 4th division, Madden’s cavalry, and a brigade of 9-pounders, to besiege Oli- venza, took post himself at Al- buera. On the 14th six 24- pounders arrived, and being placed in a battery constructed on the abandoned hOrnwork, played with such effect that the breach became practicable by the morning of the 15th. Some rifle- men posted in the vineyards kept down the fire of the place, and the garrison, consisting of three hun- dred and eighty men, surrendered at discretion. April 16. 1746. Battle of Culloden. — The English, under the Duke of Cumberland, defeated the Scottish rebels, headed by the young Pretender, the last of the Stuarts, near Inverness. The Scots lost 2500 men, while the loss of the English did not far exceed 200. Immediately after the battle, Prince Charles sought safety by flight. 1759. Capture of Conje- VERA3I. — Major Brereton, with British and native troops, ap- peared before the pagoda of Con- jeveram, and invested it on the evening of the 15th of April. The French had strengthened that fortress with additional works ; but these and the original fortifications on the plain were by daylight the following morn- ing commanded by the batteries of the besiegers. On a breach being made in a ravelin mounted en barbette before the gateway of the pagoda, the grenadiers of the Madras European regiment drove its defenders within the walls of Conjeveram. The ravelin thus gained, the victors, among whom were many officers, pro- ceeded to attack the gateway, when a gun, loaded with musket- balls, was fired among them, by which eight men were killed and April 17. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 109 ten wounded. Of the killed were Capts. Stewart andBannatyn,and Lieuts. Hunter and Elliott. Major Calliaud, who commanded the storming party, two lieutenants, and two ensigns were wounded. While this murderous warfare was occupying the principal part of the garrison, Lieut. Airey, with En- glish troops and some sepoys, had forced an entrance in the rear of the pagoda, which, after show- ing but slight resistance, was now speedily carried, and its de- fenders, on throwing down their arms, obtained quarter. 1783. The fortress of Avara- courchy, Mysore country, was stormed and taken possession of by the army under Col. Lang. * 1810. Surrender of Santa Maura. — The attacks on the island of Santa Maura, the first success of which we mentioned on the 22nd of March, were con- tinued up to this day, the French obstinately defending themselves in the citadel. On the 15th of April, about midnight, the in- trenchments close up to its walls were gallantly stormed by Lieut.- Col. Moore, commanding detach- ments of the 35th regiment, ma- rines, and other troops. A heavy and continued fire was poured upon the British immediately they had taken possession, which con- tinued during the remainder of the day. But the French, fearing that the assault would be renewed at night, showed a flag of truce, and the gates of the citadel were taken possession of the same evening. 1811. Defeat of Cavalry at Usagre. — While Major-Gen. the Hon. Lowry Cole was engaged in the attack on Olivenza, Marshal Bcresford moved forward with the intention of compelling the French to quit the province of Estremadura before he com- menced the siege of Badajoz. On the 15th he was at Santa Marta, and on the 16th at Los Santos. Meanwhile two French regiments of cavalry, advancing from Lle- rena to collect contributions, had reached Usagre, where, meeting with the British cavalry, they were suddenly charged by the 13th dragoons, and followed for six miles so -vigorously that three hundred were killed or taken, without the loss of a man on the part of the pursuers. 1821. A squadron of the governor - general’s body - guard under Capt. Thornton having been sent from Calcutta towards Singh- boom, in search of a band of ma- rauders, came up with and routed them, killing between fifty and sixty men, with but trifling loss on our side. April 17. 1794. Battle of Landrecy. — On the 17th April the French attempted to throw a relief of two thousand men into Landrecy, which was besieged by the allies, under the direction of the Austrian Gen. La Tour. To effect this they attacked the Austrian advanced post commanded by Gen. Belle- garde, but met with so warm a reception that they were compel- led to fall back, with the loss of 600 men and several pieces of cannon. II. R. H. the Duke of York, acting under the orders of Marshal Clairfait, commanded two of the five columns that were directed to carry the village of Vaux, where the enemy were in- trenched and strongly posted. Major-Gen. Abercromby, with the grenadier companies of the 1st regiment of guards com- manded by Col. Stanhope, and the British columns led by Lieut.- Gen. Sir William Erskine, who was second in command, distin- 110 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. April 18. guished themselves in carrying se- veral redoubts, and eleven pieces of cannon were taken during the day. The village of Vaux, car- ried by assault, was plundered and set on fire. 1799. INVESTMENT OF SERIN- gapatam. — During the siege of Seringapatam the enemy were dislodged from some command- ing ground intended for the British batteries, and on the 17th April the troops advanced within a thousand yards of the fort. While this was being accomplished on the northern side of the river Cavery, a watercourse on the south side was seized upon, and a parallel established within the same distance of the city in that quarter. 1814. The Anglo-Sicilian army, commanded by Lieut. -Gen. Lord William Bentinck, attacked the French in a strong position before Genoa. The allied troops carried several posts, which were obsti- nately defended: others surren- dered, and the town became com- pletely at the mercy of the British general; while at the same time a squadron appeared and anchor- ed in front of Nervi. 1817. Major Henry Smith, 14th regiment of Madras N. I., was detached by Col. Wilson, commanding the reserve of the Poonah field force, with 600 rank and file, made up of the 2nd and 3rd Bombay N. L and his own regiment, in search of a body of predatory horse, said to be 5000 strong. After some severe marches, he at length found them encamped near the village of Pattre. The major, attacking them just before daybreak, took them by surprise, and the ad- vanced guard pouring in a well directed fire, the marauders fled in all directions. Some hours af- terwards, a body of about two or three hundred horsemen made a demonstration of attack, but were quickly routed. The enemy was afterwards fallen in with by Capt. Swayne, 13th regiment of Ma- dras N. I., and pursued down the Rajapoor Ghaut into Candeish, where they met with fresh disas- ters from the native forces. 1818. Brigadier-Gen. Doveton, hearing that Bajee Row was in great strength at Peelpeelhote, marched at night from Alumneo, with his field force, to surprise the enemy. At daylight on the 1 7th of April, the brigadier-general fell in with the chief and his army in a valley near Sewney, routed and pursued them over a most intri- cate track of country, killing be- tween three and four hundred men, and taking four brass 6- pounders, with some treasure. April 18. 1783. New Providence taken. — Sir Guy Carleton, in command at the West Indian island of St. Augustine, under- took, at his own expense, a small expedition against the Spaniards at New Providence, to restore, as he himself expresses it, the inha- bitants thereof, and those of the adjacent islands, to the blessings of a free government. It will be necessary to premise that, at the time this expedition was under- taken, the news of a treaty of peace between England and Spain had not reached the West Indies. The colonel embarked about 65 men in a small vessel, and first made for Harbour Island, where he remained four or five days, and then sailed for the eastern fort of New Providence. Having reached his destination before daylight on the 14th of April, he attacked and carried this work, and also took from the April 19. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. Ill enemy three war galleys. Col. Deveauxthen summoned the cita- del, and, receiving an evasive an- swer, on the 16th he took pos- session of two commanding hills, on which he erected bat- teries. By the morning of the 18th April, the batteries being complete and within musket-shot of their principal fortress, the English colours were hoisted on them. The governor, finding his shot and shells of little effect, offered to capitulate. Four bat- teries were consequently surren- dered, with seventy pieces of can- non, and four large gallies, carry- ing heavy guns. 1794. Battery of D’Anet stormed. — In the expedition to Guadaloupe, the troops under Lieut.-Gen. Sir Charles Grey having taken possession of fort Fleur d’Epee, leaving the 43rd regiment in that garrison, re- embarked on the 14th April, and on the following day landed at Petit Bourg. On the 16th Lieut.- Col. Coote, with the 1st light infantry and 2nd battalion of grenadiers, reached Tron du Chien, which the enemy had abandoned. On the 17th Major- Gen. Dundas, with his division, landed at Vieux Habitants, meet- ing with but slight opposition. Lieut.-Col. Blundell, with the 2nd battalion of light infantry, took possession of several batteries during that night, and dispositions were made by Sir Charles Grey for a general attack upon the enemy’s redoubt D’Arbaud, at Grande Anse, and the battery D’Anet ; but the former was eva- cuated in the evening, the French setting fire to everything about it. The attack of D’Anet took place before daybreak on the 18th Lieut.-Col. Coote with his light infantry having gallantly carried it by assault; and the defenders were either killed, wounded, or taken prisoners. April 19. 1775. Action at Concord. — Gen. Gage, posted at Boston, in North America, with 10,000 men, having received information that a large quantity of military stores had been collected at Concord for supplying a body of troops acting in opposition to His Ma- jesty’s Government, detached, on the 18th of April, the grenadiers and light infantry of the army, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Smith of the 10th regiment and Major Pitcairn of the marines, to destroy the said stores; and on the following morning eight com- panies of the 4th, with the same number of the 23rd and 49th regi- ments, marched under Lord Percy, in support of the detachment ; Col. Smith, finding the country alarmed by the ringing of bells and firing of guns, despatched Major Pitcairn with six companies of light infantry to secure two bridges beyond Concord. Upon their arrival at Lexington they found a number of armed people assembled, who, on being dis- persed, took shelter behind some stone walls. These having fired upon the king’s troops, several were killed by the light infantry. The detachment then proceeded on to Concord, where they destroy- ed three guns and all the mili- tary stores. The alarm had now extended, and large numbers of the rebels collecting, attacked the troops posted at one of the bridges ; on which an action ensued, and some men were killed and wound- ed. On the return of the detach- ment from Concord to Charles- town, several men fell by the fire of the rebels from behind walls and hedges; but the brigade of 112 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 20. Lord Percy having joined them at Lexington with two guns, the enemy for a time withdrew. The troops resuming their march, the rebels kept up an occasional fire during the whole of their route of fifteen miles. The British loss amounted to 1 lieutenant and 64 rank and file killed ; Lieut.-Col. Smith, 2 captains, 9 lieutenants, and 165 rank and file wounded; a lieutenant and 28 men missing. 1801. Surrender of Fort St. Julian near Rosetta. — During the operations against the French in Egypt, a strong force, formed of British and Turkish troops, was detached from the allied army by Major-Gen. Hutch- inson, who succeeded to the com- mand after the fall of Aber- cromby, to act against the town and fort of Rosetta, then held by the French. The British force that at first proceeded with Col. Spencer being reinforced by the 2nd and 6th regiments, the whole now amounted to about 4000 men. On the troops reaching Rosetta, after a toilsome march across the desert, the enemy eva- cuated the town, making only a slight resistance, and having but few killed and wounded. The main body of the French retired to the right bank of the Nile, but the fort of St. Julian, which com- manded the entrance of the river on which Rosetta is situated, still held out. This fort mounted fifteen pieces of cannon ; and the French had left three hundred and sixty men to defend it. Guns were immediately landed, a bat- tery speedily raised, and the Turkish troops under the Capitan Pacha now doing duty with much regularity, rendered themselves very useful. The battery opened on the 16th, but it was not till the 19 th that the garrison surrendered, on the same terms as granted at Aboukir Castle. The possession of Rosetta and of fort St. Julian secured the navigation of the Nile to the British expedition. April 20. 1759. During the operations against the island of Guadaloupe, Brigadier Clavering, with about 1500 men, having attacked the French on the heights of St. Marie, charged with such resolution that the enemy quitted their cannon and fled; upon which the detach- ments took possession of the town, and next morning broke into the Capes Terre. 1794. The successes of the expedition for the reduction of Guadaloupe continuing without a reverse, Sir Charles Grey moved forward from Trois Rivieres at 12 o’clock on the night of the 19th of April, with the 1st and 2nd battalions of grenadiers and 1st light infantry, and at day- break on the 20th carried the enemy’s famous post of Palmiste, together with all their batteries commanding fort St. Charles and Basse Terre. 1797. Attack of Fort Irois repulsed. — The French Gen. Ri- gaud, with 1200 of his best troops, at 12 o’clock in the night of the 20th of April, attempted to storm the fort of Irois, in the island of St. Domingo, which at that time was defended by only 25 men of the 17th infantry, under Lieut. Talbot of the 82nd regiment, and twenty- seven colonial artillery, under Capt. Brueil. The enemy made several vigorous attacks, and although many were killed even within the fort, they were each time repulsed with severe loss. Meanwhile Col. Dagress having gained the fort with 350 men of Prince Edward’s black chasseurs, the assailants, leaving the fort surrounded with April 21. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 113 their dead, retired to a neighbour- ing eminence, where they made a stand in spite of a sortie that was made with some advantage. Our loss was but 3 men killed; and the only persons wounded were Lieuts. Talbot, 82nd regi- ment, and Colville, black chas- seurs, both mortally. 1817. Capt. Evan Davis, com- manding a detachment of horse, with subsidiary troops of Berar, under British officers, routed a strong force of insurgents led by Godajee Row, near the Gootalla Ghaut. Our loss was 1 0 men killed ; Capts. Evan, Davis, and Pedlar, and 25 men, wounded The ene- my, who were reinforced during the action, suffered severely. 1841. Outworks of Chingong carried. — The siege of Chingong in Bundlecund, under the direc- tion of Capt. Beatson, was com- menced by subsidiary troops un- der British officers. In the early part of the month of April the besiegers suffered severely ; but, reinforced by three companies of the 52nd regiment N. I., under Capt. Jamieson, a troop of the 8th cavalry, two 18-pounders, and two mortars, directed by Captain Pepper, a speedy termination was put to the siege. The batteries set the town on fire several times ; and on the 20th of April, the 52nd, with a squadron of horse, carried a stockade and garden. They were hardly in possession when a discharge of stinkpots and rockets, with a heavy match- lock fire, threw our men into confusion for the moment ; but, having rallied, they drove the enemy into the town. The guns were now planted in the garden, sweeping the works till midnight, vhen the fortress was evacuated >y the enemy. April 21. 1794. Reduction of Guada- loupe.— Major-General Dundas, having sailed from Pointe-a- Petre on the 15th of April, landed at Vieux Habitants on the 17th, with the 3rd battalion of grena- diers and the 2nd and 3rd bat- talions of light infantry; and meeting with but little opposition and no loss, taking possession of Morne Magdalene, destroyed two batteries ; then, detaching Lieut. - Col. Blundell with the 2nd bat- talion of light infantry, he forced several very difficult posts of the enemy during the night. Dis- positions were made for the attack, on the same night, of the redoubt d’Arbaud at Grande Anse and the battery d’Anet ; but at 8 o’clock on that evening the enemy evacuated the former* after setting everything about it on fire ; and Lieut.-Col. Coote with the light infantry were in possession of the battery d’Anet by daybreak on the 18th, having killed, wounded, or captured every one of the defenders with- out sustaining any loss. On the 19 th Sir Charles Grey, with the 1st and 2nd battalions of grena- diers and the 1st light infantry, moved from Trois Rivieres and Grande Anse, and at daybreak on the 20th carried the enemy’s important post of Palmiste, with all their batteries commanding fort St. Charles and Basse Terre communicating with the division of Major-Gen. Dundas on the morning of the 21st, who had made his approach by Morne Howel. Gen. Collot, seeing that all his posts had fallen into the hands of the invaders, proposed terms of capitulation, surrender- ing Guadaloupe and all its de- pendencies, comprehending the islands of Mariagalante, Desse- I 114 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 22. ada, the Saintes,'&c., — the garri- son of fort Charles to march out with the honours of war. lay down their arms, and to he sent to France, not to serve against the forces of Great Britain during the war. This being carried into effect, Prince Edward, with the grena- diers and light infantry, taking possession of the citadel on the morning of the 22nd, hoisted the British colours, changing the name to fort Matilda. 1801. Reduction or St. Eu- s tati a. — Lieut.- Col. Blunt, with one hundred of the 3rd regiment of Buffs, with two field-pieces, under Lieut. Brown, R. A., em- barked at St. Christopher’s on board H. M.’s sloop Arab, Capt. Perkins, and an armed schooner. On the 21st of April a landing was effected on the Dutch West India island of St. Eustatia with- out opposition ; and the colony, including the neighbouring island of Saba, having capitulated, was taken possession of. April 22. 1710. The British and con- federate army under the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene, having broken up their winter- quarters on the Maese, advanced to besiege the fortress of Douay. A detachment was sent to reduce Chateau Loway, situated to the northward of Douay, which being attacked on the 22nd of April, speedily surrendered. 1761. Expedition to Belle- isle. — An army of 10,000 men commanded by Major-General Hodgson, escorted by ten sail of the line under Commodore Kep- pel, sailed from St. Helen’s on the 29th of March, and arrived in sight of Belleisle on the 6th of April. The island had been put into the best state of defence, batteries erected at every position that afforded a practicable place for landing, and a strong gar- rison occupied the citadel under the command of the Chevalier de St. Croix. On the 7th, at noon, the fleet anchored in the roads of Palais. On the 8th a division of the army effected a landing in the bay of Port Andeo ; but all their efforts to ascend the hill proving unavailing, a retreat was the only alternative. On this occasion Generals Crawford and Carleton were conspicuous for the gallantry they displayed in leading the attack ; and the lat- ter was wounded in the thigh. The weather became so tempes- tuous that several transports ran foul of each other, and many boats were destroyed. The loss sustained in this attempt amount- ed to nearly 500 men in killed, wounded, and prisoners. On the 22nd, it was determined to make a descent at Port d’Arsic, under the direction of Major-General Crawford ; and in order to further that operation, two separate at- tacks were to be made, — the first by Brigadier-Gen. Lambert, near St. Foy, and the other at Saugon. Early in the morning, the bat- j teries being silenced by the ships, i the boats with the troops ad- 1 vanced in two divisions. Brig.- * Gen. Lambert’s division having landed in the bay of Locmaria,, \ under stupendous rocks, that 3 seemed almost inaccessible, and which consequently were unfor- tified, Capt. Patterson, leading the grenadiers of the 19th regi- ment, supported by Capt. Mur- ray with a company of marines, climbed the rugged ascent unper- ceived by the enemy. Other troops soon followed their in- trepid example, and, reaching* the summit, were attacked by a regiment of infantry, which they April 23, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 115 kept m check until reinforced by Brigadier Lambert with the gre- nadiers of the 30th regiment and the remainder of the marines under Col. Mackenzie '; and then the enemy fell back to the top of the hill, where they had some field-pieces. Perceiving the suc- cessful efforts of this detachment, the division of troops designed to attack Port d’Arsic hastened to unite with those under Brigadier Lambert, who, finding himself thus reinforced, moved up the hill, drove the enemy back upon their main body, and captured three field-pieces, with some pri- soners. Our loss did not exceed 30 men. By five in the evening the troops were all on shore ; and the army, after advancing three miles into the country, took post on an eminence during the night. In order to retard the march of the troops, the enemy broke up the roads, destroyed the bridges, and, after withdrawing the men from the batteries along the coast, blew up their magazines. April 23. 1780. Marauders routed near Surat. — Gunnesh Punt, a Mahratta officer having a small command in the Concan, had quitted his station, and com- menced plundering on his own account such villages of Atta- veesy as were favourable to the British. On his approaching near to Surat, Gen. Goddard was required by the authorities of that town and fortress to send a force against the marauders. Accordingly Lieut. Welsh, an officer of the Bengal cavalry, was detached with a force of native troops, horse and foot, to the re- lief of the plundered villagers. The following letter from that officer describes the service he performed ; but when he in his despatch expressed a desire for the robber’s head, he was not aware that the insurgent chief had been mortally wounded in the action. Lieut. Welsh’s letter to the Chief of Surat was as fol- lows : — “ Dear Sir, — I have the plea- sure to acquaint you that I rode on at the head of the regiment of Candahars and reached Gun- nesh Punt’s camp at 4 o’clock this morning, when I took his camp, standing bazar, and three guns. We killed ninety, and wounded fifteen men. I have only lost one duffedar, and two troopers wounded. I had also one Candahar killed. In short, there was nothing wanting to complete this matter but sending you Gunnesh Punt’s head. I don’t think he has much to brag of. The inhabitants of the villages seem exceedingly happy, and are coming in from all quarters. “ I am, Sir, &c. &c. “ Tho. Welsh.” 1811. Attack of Pickets repulsed. — While the allies were preparing for the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, and at the same time blockading Almeida, 2000 French infantry and a squadron of cavalry suddenly marched out of the former fortress on the 23rd of April, and made for the bridge of Marialva on the Alzava river, in which neighbourhood the pickets of the allies were posted. Although the enemy were far su- perior in numbers, Capt. Dobbs, with a company of the 52nd regiment and a few riflemen, gallantly repulsed them. Lieut. Prichard, 1st batt. 52nd regi- ment, and seventeen men, were wounded. Captain Dobbs was among the slain at the assault of Ciudad Rodrigo. 116 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 24. April 24. 1780. Castle of San Juan surrenders. — On the 9th of April we noticed the arrival in the river San Juan, in Mexico, of a small expedition under Capt. H. Nelson in the Hichenbrook, 28, with a detachment of the 60th regiment under Lieut.-Col. Poi- son. The castle of San Juan, after an obstinate resistance, sur- rendered on the 24th. 1794. Action near Cam- bray. — The French having as- sembled in great force on the 23rd of April, and being strongly- posted at the village of Villiers en Couchie, near Cambray, H. R. H. the Duke of York detached Gen. Otto with some cavalry to recon- noitre, and then reinforced him with two squadrons of Zetchwitz cuirassiers, Major- Gen. Mansel’s brigade of heavy cavalry, and the 11th regiment of light dra- goons. Soon after daybreak on the 24th two squadrons of hus- sars and two squadrons of the 15th light dragoons charged the enemy with great success ; and finding a line of infantry in rear of the cavalry, they continued boldly to break through them likewise. Had the detachment been properly supported, the en- tire destruction of the enemy must have been the consequence ; but, by some mistake, Gen. Man- sel’s brigade did not arrive in time to render any assistance. The French were, however, com- pletely driven back, and com- pelled to retreat in great confu- sion into Cambray, with the loss of 1200 killed and wounded, and three pieces of cannon. 1812. The Sultan of Palem- bang, island of Sumatra, having been guilty of great cruelty to the European as well as native inhabitants belonging to the Dutch factory, and having, more- over, during the previous No- vember, insulted an agent sent to him on the part of the British, it was determined that an expe- dition should proceed to that island to obtain redress. Ac- cordingly Col. Gillespie, having under his command detachments of H. M.’s 59th and 89th regi- ments, horse artillery, and hussars (dismounted), embarked at Ba- tavia, and, accompanied by a small squadron under Captain Bowen in H. M.’s frigate Phoenix, after experiencing many diffi- culties, appeared before the strong fort of Barang on the river Soosang. Here a messen- ger arrived from the sultan with a specious assurance that the forts should be placed in the hands of the British. The troops were nevertheless landed on the 24th of April, in such imposing strength, that, though every pre- paration had been made to oppose them, the garrison abandoned their guns. The expedition then moved up the river towards the city of Palembang. 1818. A force of 200 Eu- ropeans, with some native troops, under command of Major Hall of H. M.’s 89th regiment, detached to attack the fortress of Ryghur, held for Bagee Row, a stockade on the road was aban- doned at his approach; but on his arrival near the pettah he was attacked by 300 of the ene- my’s horse and foot. These he completely defeated, and drove them into the fortress, with the loss of 20 killed. Our loss was only 3 men wounded. 1837. The Bisley Ghaut was forced by Col. Williamson, with part of H. M.’s 89th regiment, some horse artillery, and six light cavalry from Bangalore, meeting but slight resistance. April 25. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 117 April 25. 1781. Battle of Hobkirk’s Hill. — On the morning of the 25th of April, the British army, commanded by Lord Rawdon, gained the left flank of the Ame- ricans under Gen. Green at Hob- kirk’s Hill, drove in their pickets, and formed in order of battle. The 63rd regiment and the volunteers of Ireland composed the British right ; the king’s American regiment and Capt. Robinson’s detachment the left; the New York volunteers the centre ; and the Carolina regi- ment, with the cavalry, a reserve. The American general, though surprised, ordered his right and left brigades to take the British in flank, while the main body marched down the hill to attack them in front, and his cavalry he despatched to engage the rear. Lord Rawdon, to meet these movements, extended his front, and as the Americans advanced received them with so determined a fire, that, supported even as they were by a powerful artillery, they were compelled to retreat. Pursued to the top of the hill, they preci- pitately drew off their cannon, and were at length put to flight, the British following them nearly three miles. The loss on the side of the enemy must have been full 500 men ; 100 of these were made prisoners. The En- glish casualties were about 258 men, of which 38 were killed. 1812. Occupation of Palem- bang. — Col. Gillespie’s advance to Palembang was hastened by learning that the place had been abandoned by the sultan to his troops. The colonel, with Cap- tain Bowen of H. M. S. Phoenix and a small party in boats, at midnight on the 25th April reached the city, which was al- ready in flames. Col. Gillespie and his companions, landing among the infuriated soldiery, marched for the palace, while the 17th British grenadiers and the boats’ crews seized upon the forts ; and soon after midnight they were reinforced by the arrival of sixty men of the 89th regiment. The defences of the city mounted 240 pieces of cannon, and these had been thronged with troops. Early in May, Col. Gillespie and Capt. Bowen placed on the throne of Palembang the brother of the late sultan. 1818. Surrender of Fort Trimbuck. — In the successful career of Col. M‘Douall, with de- tachments of H. M.’s Royal Scots, the Madras European regiment, first battalion of the 2nd, and se- cond battalion of the 12th native infantry, and a small battering train, against the hill forts of the Chandore range, that officer on the 24th April opened his bat- teries against the fort of Trim- buck, in the valley of Godavery, situated at the source of the river of that name; and on the 25th the garrison surrendered. April 26. 1703. Convoy routed. — The 2nd or Royal Scotch dragoons, forming part of a division of Marlborough’s army, being de- tached on a forced march to re- capture from the French some treasure intended for the allied forces, came up with the captors, and, putting them to flight, reco- vered the treasure, without much loss. 1794. Action on the Heights cf Cateau. — The French army under Gen. Chapuy, which at- tacked the allied forces under IL R. H. the Duke of York at day- break on 2€th April, marched out 118 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 27. of Cambray the preceding night, and consisted of a column of 28,000 men, with seventy-nine pieces of cannon ; and a smaller force moved forward by the way of Premont and Marets. The enemy, advancing under favour of a fog, carried the villages in front of the allies without much resistance; and then pushed their attack upon the village of Troisvilles, which they had no sooner enter- ed than they were dislodged by the well directed fire from two British 6-pounders under the command of Lieut. -Col. Congreve. Their movements being now plainly seen, and them left ap- pearing to be unprotected, the cavalry of the right wing, con- sisting of the Austrian cuirassier regiment of Zetchwitz, the blues, 1st and 2nd life-guards, and the royals under the command of Lieut.-Gen. Otto, were directed to turn them on that flank : whilst a severe cannonade from the front of the line diverted their attention from this movement, at the same time some light troops assailed their left, drove the enemy, and captured two pieces of cannon. Gen. Otto, attacking the enemy on their flank and rear, soon threw them into confusion, and the slaughter was immense. Twenty-two pieces of cannon and a quantity of ammunition fell into the hands of the allies, and Lieut.- Gen. Chapuy, the commander-in- chief, with 350 officers and rank and file, were taken prisoners. Meanwhile, the cavalry of the left wing having moved forward to observe the enemy’s column approaching from Premont and Marets, their advanced guard was attacked with so much spirit and impetuosity by the 7th and 11th regiments of light dragoons, with two squadrons of the Archduke’s hussars under the command of Major Stephanitz, that they were entirely defeated. Twelve hundred men -were left dead upon that part of the field; and ten pieces of cannon, with eleven tumbrils, were taken. The loss of the allies was not severe, but among the killed were Major-Gen. Mansel, and Capts. Pigot and Forbes of the 3rd dragoon-guards. 1799. Siege of Seringapatam. — In the progress of the siege of Seringapatam by the English army under Lieut.-Gen. Harris, the enemy’s advanced intrenchments were assaulted on the night of 2 6th April, and, after an obstinate de- fence of some hours, carried by the enduring bravery of the British troops. A position was thus gained on which the breach- ing batteries were erected. April 27. 1296. Battle of Dunbar. — Immediately after the siege of Berwick, Edward I., King of England, detached the Earl of Warrenne to Dunbar, whither John Baliol had retired. The earl laid siege to the castle, but the brave defence of the besieged at length tired the assailants, and they desired a truce of three days, on condition that, if the castle were not relieved in that time, it should surrender. Baliol, having assembled a considerable force, resolved to hazard an en- gagement rather than give up a castle of such importance, and on the third day of the truce, the 27th April, an army of 40,000 men appeared in sight of Dunbar. Warrenne immediately attacked them with such impetuosity, that the Scots were routed with great slaughter, and fled beyond the Forth, leaving all the southern parts to the mercy of the En- glish. April 28. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 119 1560 . The Erench at Leith. — A Erench army being in pos- session of Leith, in right of Erancis II. of Erance, husband of Mary Queen of Scots, an army under Lord Grey de Wilton, with the “ Confederate Scots,” besieged that town. One of the few successes gained by Elizabeth that marked the progress of the siege, was the taking of an out- work, which was obstinately de- fended by the enemy. Although the Erench continued to hold the town against all the forces brought against it, they were ultimately induced, by diplomatic arrange- ments, to abandon Scotland. 1777. Action at Dunbury. — The rebels having established considerable magazines of stores at the town of Dunbury and other places on the borders of the Connecticut Sir William Howe detached a force for their destruc- tion under Gen. Tryon, consisting of detachments from the 4th, 1 5th, 23rd, 27th, 44th, and 64th regi- ments, the Prince of Wales’s vo- lunteers, with other troops, and a party of artillery with six field-pieces. The whole being embarked in transports, sailed from New York, and on the evening of 25th April arrived at Norwalk, about 20 miles from Dunbury. Having landed with- out opposition, they marched that night and arrived at Dunbury on the following day. Setting the magazines on fire, the flames reached the town, which was un- avoidably burnt. Early on the 27th the detachment took the road for Ridgefield. While the general was executing his orders at Dunbury, the American Gens. Wooster, Arnold, and Solliman, were exerting themselves to collect the militia in the different districts, and, by adopting every means, to interrupt and retard the march of the king’s forces. Wooster hung upon the rear oi the detachments ; while Arnold, by making a circuitous route, gained their front, and had ac- tually posted himself in the vil- lage of Ridgefield. The British troops, however, continued their march and although constantly meeting opposition from the rebel force, they reached Ridgefield about noon ; but Gen. Arnold had preceded them, and was busily occupied in throwing up in- trenchments to cover his front. Gen. Tryon immediately attacked them ; and, their newly thrown up works unable to withstand the effects of his cannon, the troops rushed forward and soon routed the enemy. 1796. Landing at St. Lucie. — A squadron under Rear- Adm. Sir Hugh Christian, with an army under Lieut.- Gen. Abercromby, arrived at the island of St. Lucie on 26th April, and on the same day Major-Gen. Campbell with 1000 men landed without opposi- tion in Longueville Bay. On the morning of the 27th this force marched to Choc Bay, and the whole army having landed, the enemy retreated to Morne Chabot, which was attacked on the follow- ing morning. 1811. The British pickets on the river Arzova, belonging to the light division of the army under Wellington, were attacked on 27 th April by detachments of the Erench forces commanded by Massena ; but these met with re- pulse at every post they assailed. April 28. 1703. Assault of Bonn. — Invested by a large body of troops, under the Duke of Marl- borough, the city of Bonn was bombarded by 9 mortars and 500 120 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 29. pieces of cannon, during four days. On the 27th April the trenches were opened, the fortress carried by storm, and all its de- fenders put to the sword, except a few that effected their escape in a boat. The town, however, still con- tinued in the hands of the French, who vigorously defended it. 1705. At the siege of Valen- cia d’ Alcantara, in Estremadura, the Earl of Galway commanded the English force that assisted in fighting the battles of Charles III. of Spain against Philip V. After the batteries had opened during two days, and a breach being practicable, on the 28th April, between eight and nine in the morning, one English and one Dutch regiment, with a large body of Portuguese and Spaniards, par- tizans of Charles III., mounted the breach. The Castilians, unable to brave the fury of the besiegers, retired into the castle, and shortly afterwards, displaying a white flag, offered to surrender. During the negotiation the soldiers wdthin mutinied ; and throwing open the gates, the confederates marched in and took possession. 1775. Action of the Subur- mattee. — In this year com- menced the first Mahratta war. The extended dominions of the Bombay Presidency in India had induced treaties and exchange of territory between the English and the Poonah sovereignty, and when the chiefs Holkar and Scindiah took part with the Mutseddies or Brahman state councillors, who had dethroned Ragoba, the Pre- sidency espoused the cause of that deposed monarch. About the middle of April his army was joined by a force under Col. Keating, consisting of the Bom- bay European and native troops, strengthened by two grenadier companies of the Madras Euro- pean regiment and a battalion of sepoys. This army, moving along the banks of the Subur- mattee on the 28th of April, was cannonaded by the guns of the Mahrattas from the village of Hossamlee, the opposite side of that river. The British artillery soon silenced the enemy’s fire, and drove back the centre and left of their army ; but the right of the Mahrattas, boldly crossing the river, made a furious charge upon the British. They were, however, repulsed, with a loss of 400 men in killed and wounded. Their whole army then speedily retired, leaving the English masters of the field. 1796. The landing on the island of St. Lucie on the 2 7th April was followed up by the successful as- sault of the strongly fortified post of Morne Chabot. This was ef- fected by a division of Aber- cromby’s army, under command of Brigadier- Gen. Moore, over- coming the determined resistance of the enemy. The 23rd regi- ment were the troops principally engaged. April 29. 1710. During the siege of Douay by the confederate armies under Marlborough a sortie was made from fort Scarpe by the French garrison, to cut off a con- voy with bread intended for the besiegers. They had nearly reach- ed Pont-a-Rache, when being sud- denly attacked by a squadron of Scotch Greys and two squadrons of the Royal Irish dragoons, they were routed, and pursued under the guns of fort Scarpe. 1745. French Outposts driven in. — With the object of humbling the House of Austria, by making a conquest of the Netherlands, the French monarch April 30. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 121 ordered a numerous army, under the command of Marshal Saxe, to march into that country, and His Majesty and the Dauphin joined it soon after ; and invested the strongly fortified town of Tour- nay on the 24th April. The Duke of Cumberland, commanding the allied forces, although vastly in- ferior to the French army, re- solved on relieving that place. On the 28th, the two armies were in sight of each other, and on the 29th, the allies were employed in driving the enemy from their advanced posts and clearing the defiles through which they might advance to the attack ; while the French completed their batteries, and made the most formidable preparations for the approaching contest. 1796. After the capture of Morne Chabot on the previous day, the success obtained by the expedition against the island of St. Lucie, was the occupation of Morne Duchassau, in the rear of Morne Fortunee, by Brigadier- Gen. Moore and the troops under his command. Lieut.- Gen. Aber- cromby, whose measures con- tinued to be attended with un- interrupted success, was now gra- dually investing the fortress of Morne Fortunee. April 30. 1745. Expedition against Louisbourg. — At the commence- ment of the war in this year, the British colonies in North America began to be sensible of the im- portance of Cape Breton ; for, whilst the inhabitants of that island infested the coasts of the British settlement, mining their fishery, interrupting their navi- gation, destroying Canso, and in- vading Annapolis, it afforded a safe asylum for men-of-war and privateers. These hostilities roused the colonists to a sense of their danger and insecurity, while the French possessed this island. On the 25th January the General Assembly at Boston voted the sum of 27,000 pounds sterling towards equipping an expedition for the reduction of Louisbourg. The inhabitants of the several colonies of New Eng- land so cheerfully concurred in the prosecution of the enterprise, that 3850 volunteers, principally men of property and respectabi- lity, embarked for Canso on 20th March, in eighty-five transports, protected by well-armed priva- teers ; and the whole force was un- der the command of Mr. Pepperel, who was unanimously chosen as their chief. On the 2nd of April the fleet arrived at Canso, a port separated by a narrow strait from Cape Breton, and about 167 leagues from Boston, where, being joined by Commodore Warren, in the Superb, 60, with the Lancaster, Etham, and Mermaid, of 40 guns, sent from Antigua by orders from the British Government, they pro- ceeded to Gabarus Bay, within five miles of Louisbourg, the gar- rison of which consisted of 1200 regulars and 800 militia. Then it was, that the French, on seeing the expedition, became aware of the intended attack. The de- barkation was immediately un- dertaken under cover of the guns of the privateers; and on the 30th April, 200 men having effected a landing, a French detachment, which had arrived to oppose them, was defeated with the loss of 6 killed and 5 taken prisoners; and the rest having dispersed in the woods, the main body of the troops reached the shore without opposi- tion. 1794. Surrender of Lan- drect. — The town of Landrecy, 122 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 1. in the French Netherlands, si- tuated on the river Sambre, had oeen invested since the 20th April by the confederate army under the command of the Emperor of Ger- many; the siege being directed by the Austrian general La Tour, under the orders of the Prince of Orange, and fifteen thousand pioneers were at work with a neces- sary train of artillery. The Duke of York and the English troops took an active part in covering and supporting the operations, as we have shown in our columns for the 17th, 24th, and 26th of this month. On the 30th Landrecy surrendered at discretion to the confederate army. 1804. Expedition to Suri- nam. — A force, under orders of Brigadier- Gen. Hughes, landed, on the night of the 29 th of April, from the expedition, commanded by Major-Gen. Green and Com- modore Wood, against the Bata- vian settlement of Surinam. Early on the morning of the 30th they attacked and carried Fre- derica battery, driving the enemy into fort Leyden, which work they also took by assault. The force engaged consisted of de- tachments of the 64th regiment, under the Hon. Lieut.-Col. Crans- toun, the 6th West India regi- ment, Major Stirke, and seamen and marines of the squadron under Capt. Maxwell, R. N. May 1. 1 549. Repulse op an Attack upon Bullonberg. — The French, under Chatillon, marching to sur- prise the fortress of Bullonberg, had unfortunately in their ranks an Englishman who had been ex- pelled from the garrison for hav- ing married a Frenchwoman, or probably some more serious of- fence. This man having ap- ] prised the English of the enemy’s | approach, Sir Nicholas Arnaut ' gave the assailants such a warm reception that they were com- pletely repulsed, and, according to the chroniclers, fifteen waggons went away laden with the slain. 1759. Surrender of Guada- loupe. — The troops under Bri- gadier-Gen. Clavering, after car- rying the fortified heights of St. Marie, entered the Capes Terre, the richest and most beautiful part of the island, where, finding the inhabitants of the country in arms, and their houses abandoned, they were under the painful ne- cessity of setting fire to all their habitations, sugarcanes, &c., so that at night this fine country appeared in one continued blaze. Gen. Nadau now finding all the fortifications of the several passes successively forced, every hope of receiving ^supplies by help of the Dutch cut off, and the militia becoming so tired of the war that they no longer seconded his ef- forts with spirit, while the prin- cipal inhabitants importuned him to submit, sent to General Cla- vering to demand a suspension of arms. On the 25th, terms of capitulation were agreed to, and on the 1st May being signed by Gen. Barrington, the island of Guadaloupe surrendered, after a defence of three months. 1779. Landing at Jersey re- pulsed. — An expedition against the island of Jersey, consisting of five large vessels and a number of smaller ones, conveying 2500 men, appeared off St. Aubin’s Bay on 1st of May, and attempted to disembark the troops ; but the preparations along the shore were so formidable that they desisted and drew off. As soon as the alarm of an enemy being on the coast spread through the island the militia flew to arms, and, accom- May 2. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 123 panied by the 78th regiment, with a detachment of artillery, has- tened to the intended place of descent; and, with the field-pieces they had by great exertions dragged through the heavy roads, cannonaded the enemy until they were beyond the range of shot. 1796. Reduction of St. Lucie. — After the successful attacks on Morne Fortunee, on 28th April, the advanced posts of the Bri- tish grenadiers under Lieut.-Col. M‘Donald, of the 56th regiment, was attacked by a French detach- ment, and after a spirited contest the enemy were defeated with severe loss. The English casual- ties were also considerable, they having 50 killed and wounded ; Capt. Kerr, York rangers, among the former, and Major Napier, 63rd regiment, among the latter. 1799. Assault of Acre re- pulsed. — The garrison of Acre continued to make occasional sorties, under the protection of the ships’ boats, until the evening of 1 st of May. On that day, after seve- ral hours’ cannonade from twenty- three pieces of artillery, including nine, battering 24- and 18-pound- ers, the French made a fourth desperate attempt to mount the breach, which was now much ex- tended. H. M.’s ships Tigre and Theseus, anchored on either side of the town, flanked the walls, while the gun-boats were stationed in the most suitable positions for raking the enemy’s trenches. Opposed by this destructive fire, the French troops, in spite of the most determined efforts, were repulsed with a heavy loss. On the part of the British, Capt. David Wilmot, of H. M. S. Al- liance, with 5 others, were killed, and 9 wounded. The French continued to batter in breach with progressive effect, although repulsed with great slaughter in their several attempts to storm ; nor were they more successful in their attacks on the two ravelins that had been erected by Sir Sidney Smith to flank the nearest approaches of the besiegers, and which were only a few yards dis- tant. May 2. 1422. Meaux surrenders. — Henry V. of England, by a se- ries of conquests, had possessed himself of the greater portion of France ; and the victory of Agin- court, with the territorial dower brought him by his queen, con- firmed and added to his posses- sions. Still a few towns held out for the Dauphin. Among these was the town of Meaux, — a con- tumacy the more annoying, as being near Paris; for when Henry held his occasional court, it seemed to mock the power by which he reigned as King of France, though the imbecile Charles VI. was yet allowed that name. The town of Meaux, was beleaguered from October in the previous year, and several reverses had befallen the English before its walls, involving the loss of some nobles and knights, to- gether with a vast number of men-at-arms. At length the En- glish made a successful attack on the town, which was carried by assault. The citadel yet held out, which so exasperated Henry, that when famine had compelled its defenders to offer terms of submission, he refused to grant the lives of such English, Welsh, Irish, and Scotch, as had been en- gaged against him. The garrison was thus under the necessity of surrendering at discretion on the 2nd of May. Henry found in Meaux many of the nobles who held castles for the Dauphin ; these he obliged to sign orders 124 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 3 . for their surrender, and he took summary vengeance upon several nobles and captains who had themselves refused to give quarter during the war. 1703. After the capture of the fortress of Bonn by the confe- derate army under Marlborough, on the 28th April, the French in the city still held out. A des- perate sortie which they made on the 2nd of May was so effec- tively repulsed, that the Prince of Hesse, who had the immediate direction of the siege, pursuing the enemy, carried the counter- scrap of the work by storm. 1705. Sortie from Gibral- tar. — Whilst the fortress of Gibraltar was besieged by the French, under Marshal de Tesse, the garrison under the Prince of Hesse D’Armstadt did not re- main idle. On the 2nd of May, a detachment of the British gre- nadier guards, under Colonel Rivett of the Coldstream regiment, made a sortie, and attackedthe be- siegers’ post of the Sand Hill with so much intrepidity, that the enemy fled with great precipitation, and the colonel destroyed the works. 1768. In our war with Hyder Ali, Col. Smith, commanding a force consisting chiefly of the Madras European regiment, re- ceived the surrender of the fort of Ristnagherry, after a -vigilant blockade of that fortress. 1775. After the slight affair at the village of Hossamlee on the 28 th of April, in the Mahratta war, the British and their allies, under Col. Keating, next fell in with the enemy near Daboun. The Mahrattas, not loath to at- tack, threw themselves on the left of our troops, but were repulsed and entirely dispersed, with the loss of 1600 men in killed and wounded. 1796. The Dutch colony of Berbice surrendered, on summons, to an expedition under Commo- dore Parr and a military force commanded by Major-General White. May 3. 1764. In the war between the Anglo-Indian Government and the allied armies of the Mogul Emperor and Sujah Dowla, the deposed Nabob of Oude, the Bri- tish and native forces com- manded by Major Carnac, when encamped under the walls of Patna, were attacked by the enemy. Early on the 3rd of May, the Indian army advanced in order of battle, under a heavy cannonade, and about noon a corps of infantry, supported by a strong force of cavalry, com- menced a vigorous attack on the English front. In the meantime the main body of the enemy getting into the rear, made in- cessant attacks until evening, but were repulsed on all sides, having sustained considerable loss. 1765. Sujah Dowla was still in the field, though the victory gained over him on the 3rd of May, 1764, was followed by even a more disastrous defeat at Buxar, and by the capture of most of his fortresses. He was now in alli- ance with the Mahrattas, whom the British under Gen. Carnac routed in the neighbourhood of Carah, following up the advent of this untoward anniversary to Sujah Dowla by successful en- counters with his allies ; who being driven out of the country, the deposed nabob made terms with the English Government. 1811. Combat of Fbentes de Onoro. — On the 2nd of May, Marshal Massena, moving from Ciudad Rodrigo, crossed the Agueda, and entered Portugal, with 40,000 infantry, 5000 horse r Ma y ft. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 125 and thirty pieces of artillery. Lord Wellington, aware of their intention to relieve Almeida, de- termined to fight another battle rather than relinquish the block- ade of that place, although his own army was so weakened by the reinforcements sent down to Beresford that he had only 32,000 foot, 1200 horse, and 42 guns, to oppose the enemy’s march. The allies occupied a fine table-land between the Tu- rones and the Dos Casas ; the left at fort Conception, the centre opposite the village of Alameda, and the right at Fuentes de Onoro, the whole distance being five miles. The French advanced on the morning of the 3rd of May, in three columns abreast, the ca- valry, the 6th corps, and Drouet’s division, against Fuentes de Onoro, while the 8th and 2nd corps menaced the left of the position. Towards evening Loison’s corps fell upon the village, under a heavy cannonade from the ridge which commanded it. The low parts were vigorously defended, but the attack was so power- fully maintained that the British abandoned the streets, and with difficulty held the upper ground about the chapel. Col. Williams, the commanding officer, fell se- verely wounded, and the fight was becoming critical, when the 24th, 71th, and 79th regiments, coming down from the main position, charged so boldly, that the French were forced back, and, after a severe struggle in the narrow streets of the village, were finally driven over the river of Dos Casas. During the night the de- tachments were withdrawn, but the 24th, the 71st, and 79th were left in Onoro, where two hun- dred and sixty of the allies, and a still greater number of the French had fallen. May ft. 1778. Action at the Crooked Billet. — An Ameri- can force of 1000 men, command- ed by Brigadier Lacy, took post at the Crooked Billet on the high road to Philadephia, and thus cut off the supplies of the British army under Gen. Clinton, then oc- cupying that city. On the morn- ing of the 4th of May, Major Simcoe, with the Queen’s rangers and a small body of cavalry, at- tacked the Americans, and com- pelled them to retreat, with the loss of their baggage, and some men killed and wounded. 1799. Seringapatam taken by Storm. — The English army under Lieut.-Gen. Harris appear- ed before Seringapatam on the 5th of April, and the labours of the siege proceeded steadily until the 4-th of May It was then deter- mined to assault the fortress on that day at one o’clock, the hour when the orientals usually take some repose. Syed Goff’har, Tippoo’s ablest officer, sent word to the Sultaun that the English were about to make an attack, but, misled by astrological predic- tions, Tippoo refused to credit the report, and while Syed was deliberating on forcing the Sul- taun to the breach he was killed by a cannon-shot. At half-past one o’clock, the party for the assault, under the orders of Major-Gen. Baird, consisting of ten flank companies of Europeans, taken from those regiments necessarily left to guard the camp, followed by the 12th, 33rd, 73rd, and 74th regiments, three corps of grena- dier sepoys selected from the troops of the three presidencies, and 200 of the Nizam’s soldiers, accompanied by artillery and pio- neers, entered the ford of the river, and, under a deadly fire 126 CALENDAR OF VICTORY, May 5 from the enemy’s cannon, crossed the rocky bed of the Cavery. Then passing the glacis, and having gained the ditch, they mounted the valorously defended breaches in the fausse braye and rampart of the fort, surmounting in the most gallant manner every obstacle which the difficulty of the pas- sage and the resistance of the ene- my offered to their progress. Ge- neral Baird had divided his force for the purpose of clearing the ramparts to the right and left. One division was under Col. Sher- brooke, the other commanded by Lieut.-Col. Dunlop; and although the latter was disabled in the breach, both corps, in spite of the most determined opposition, were completely successful. Resistance continued to be made from the Sultaun’s palace for some time after all firing had ceased from the works, until two of his sons who were there, on assurance of safety, surrendered; when guards were placed for the protection of the family. It was soon reported that Tippoo Sultaun had fallen, and three of his chiefs were also among the slain ; but the strength of the fortress was such, both from its natural position and the stupen- dous works by which it was sur- rounded, that it required all the exertions of the brave troops that attacked it to overcome the he- roic resistance of its defenders. The loss on the part of the assail- ants amounted to 2 captains, 6 lieutenants, and 62 rank and file, Europeans, killed ; 1 lieute- nant-colonel, 4 captains, 3 lieu- tenants, 3 ensigns, and 247 wounded; natives, 13 killed, 34 wounded: making the total loss of Europeans in the assault, 70 killed and 258 wounded ; whilst the native troops had only 47 killed and wounded. May 5. 1811. Battle of 'Fuentes de Onoeo. — In order to pre- vent Massena, by a direct march from Ciudad Rodrigo, placing his army on the right flank of‘ the allies, and attacking them while entangled between the Dos Casas, the Turones, the Coa, and the fortress of Almeida, and at the same time cover his communica- tions with Sabugal and Seceiras, Lord Wellington stretched his right wing out to Nava d’Aver, causing Julian Sanchez to oc- cupy the hill, supported by Gen. Houston with the 7th division. The French Marshal having de- ferred his intended attack at day- break on the 5th for two hours, his movements were plainly de- scried. The 8th corps, withdrawn from Alameda supported by all the French cavalry, was seen marching above the village of P090 Velho, whilst the 6th corps andDrouet’s division took ground to their own left, still keeping a division in front of Fuentes. The light division and English horse, were therefore hastened to the support of Gen. Houston, while the 1st and 3rd divisions moved parallel with the 6th corps of the enemy. The latter, however, drove the left wing of the 7th di- vision from P090 Velho, until the arrival of the rifles of the light division restored the fight. Mont- brun’s cavalry then formed in order of battle on the plain be- tween the wood and the hill of Nava d’Aver, and, having turn- ed the right of the 7th division, charged the British cavalry that had advanced to its support. Although the fight was unequal as regards the numbers of the English, the enemy were partially checked, and the French colonel Lamotte taken in a personal en- May 5. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 127 counter with General Charles Stewart. The Erench charging Houston’s corps, the horse artil- lery of Capt. Ramsay was cut off and surrounded. The light di- vision instantly threw itself into squares, but before the 7 th divi- sion could effect a similar forma- tion the Erench horsemen were upon them ; nevertheless, they were received with such firmness that little impression was made. Just at this moment, the Erench squadrons became agitated : a body was seen coming upon them at full speed, and then, with a loud shout, Norman Ramsay burst forth at the head of his battery, the gunners in compact order protecting the rear. Meanwhile, the English divisions having be- come separated, and the right wing turned, Wellington directed the 7th division to cross the Turones and move along the left bank to Erenada, whilst the light division retired over the plain, the cavalry covering their rear. At the same time he placed the 1st and 3rd divisions and the Portuguese in line on the steppes perpendicular to the ravine of Fuentes de Onoro. The Erench horse continued to follow the light division as it retired slowly in squares over the plain ; but they were repulsed in a charge they made upon the 42nd regiment; The whole of the vast plain was now covered by a confused mul- titude, composed of commissa- riat, camp-followers, &c. The 7th division was separated from the army by the Turones, whilst 5000 French cavalry, with fifteen pieces of artillery, were close at hand; the 8th corps were in order of battle behind the horsemen, and the wood was filled with skirmishers of the 6th corps. But yet no effort was made by the enemy to avail themselves of their vantage ground ; and the light division formed a reserve to the right of the first division, its rifle- men connecting it with the se- venth, which had arrived at Ere- nada. The Erench now opened a heavy cannonade, which being re- plied to with vigour by the twelve British guns, their fire soon abated. In the meantime a fierce battle was maintained at Onoro, which Massena had directed Drouet to carry at the moment Montbrun should turn the right wing; but it was not until two hours later that the attack commenced. The three British regiments made a despe- rate resistance, but, overmatched in number, they became divided : two companies of the 79th were taken, and Col. Cameron was mortally wounded. The upper part of the town was still con- tested with great obstinacy, and reinforcements were detached by Wellington in support of the gal- lant defenders of Euentes ; and, whilst the Erench continued to strengthen their force in that quar- ter, the village was never entirely abandoned by the British. In a charge of the 71st, 79th, and 88th regiments, led by Col. M‘Kinnon, against a strong column which had gained the chapel eminence, the enemy was beaten back with considerable loss. The fight con- tinued until evening, when the lower part of the town was aban- doned by both parties; the British maintaining the chapel and crags, and the Erench retiring beyond the stream. When the action ceased, a slight demonstration of the enemy near Fort Conception having been repulsed, both armies remained in observation. Our loss amounted to 235 killed, 1234 wounded, 317 missing. The loss of the enemy was much greater, and was estimated at about 3000 in killed and wounded. 128 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. lttay 6. May 6. 1600. The fort of Andre, on the island of Bommelwaert, in the Low Countries, at the confluence of the rivers Maese and Waal, in the possession of the Spaniards, surrendered to the Dutch and English forces. 1710. During the siege of Douay by the confederate army under the Duke of Marlborough, a sortie, made on the night of the 6th of May, was repulsed with severe loss, and 100 prisoners were taken. 1776. Siege or Quebec raised. — The arrival of the Surprise fri- gate, Capt. Douglas, and two sloops, in the basin of Quebec on the 6 th of May, put an end to the sufferings of the garrison, and to the hopes of the rebels. The several detachments of troops and marines, in all about 200 men, were immediatelylanded. Gen.Carleton judging rightly that the impression made on the Americans by the ar- rival of those ships would operate powerfully in favour of the be- sieged, deternfined upon a sortie. He accordingly sallied forth at the head of about 800 men, and found the enemy making busy preparations for a retreat. After exchanging a few shot, they fled with great precipitation, abandon- ing their artillery and military stores. Capt. Douglas, on learn- ing that the rebels were in re- treat, moved the Surprise with the Martin up the river as far as the rapids of Richelieu, and thus prevented the parties of the in- surgents on the opposite side of the river from forming a junction in retiring towards Montreal. 1780. Skirmish ox the Baxks of the Santee. — Col. White having, since the disaster of the Americans at Monk’s Corner, collected a respectable body of cavalry, crossed the Santee on the 6th of May, and made pri- soners a small party of the king’s troops, which he directed to be conveyed to Launeau’s ferry, where he had ordered his forces to assemble. Lieut.-Col. Tarleton, who was immediately detached by Earl Cornwallis, arrived at the feny a few minutes after Col. White and his party had reached that place. He instantly attacked them with so much spirit that they were routed, with the loss of fifty men, killed or taken prisoners. At the very moment of attack, the British prisoners, who were in a boat crossing the river, on being called upon by their friends, rose on their guard, and effected their own release. 1784. Repulse of the French at Rousalier. — The fortified post of Rousalier near Tournay, held by a strong force of Hano- verians and some British cavalry, was attacked this day by the French ; but they were repulsed, with the loss of 200 killed and many wounded. 1814. Fort Oswego stormed. — The squadron, under Com- modore Sir James Yeo in the Prince Regent, having on board the 2nd battalion of marines, six companies of the regiment of De Watteville, one company of Glen- garry light infantry, and a small detachment of artillery, anchored off the fort of Oswego, on lake Ontario, at noon on 6th of May. The frigates took a position where they could cannonade the fort, whilst the smaller vessels covered the several points of debarkation, which, owing to the shallow water, was attended with some difficulty, and in many instances the troops were obliged to leap out and wade through the water up to their middle ; and the ene- my having strongly occupied the XVXay 7. CALENDAR OF VICTOR1. 129 favourable position near the shore, and the woods by which it was surrounded, the disembarkation was attended with some loss. It was nevertheless effected with the utmost promptitude, under the di- rection of Lieut.- Col. Fischer, led by two flank companies of De Watteville’s ; the remaining four companies, and the artillery be- ing held in reserve. The 2nd battalion of royal marines, un- der Lieut.-Colonel Malcolm, sup- ported by a detachment of sea- men under Captain Mulcaster of the royal navy, formed a second column on the right, whilst the ^ngarry light infantry of Capt. M‘Millan occupied the skirts of the wood on the left, and sup- ported the march of the co- lumns to the fort, which was gained and carried in ten minutes from the advance of the troops after landing. The enemy’s garrison, consisting of Marcombe’s 3rd re- giment of artillery, 400 strong and a numerous militia, saved themselves by a precipitate flight as the assailants entered the fort. The American colours, which had been nailed to the flag-staff, were •struck by Lieut. John Hewett of the marines. The total loss of the British amounted to 16 killed and 62 wounded, and among the former Capt. Holtaway of the ma- rines. On the part of the navy, 3 seamen were killed ; Capts. Mul- caster and Popham, and 8 men wounded. ZVXay 7. 1191. Usurper of Cyprus de- f E l TE TVT R | chard L ’ on his way to the Iloly Land, made war on Isaac, the Usurper of Cyprus, in consequence of his inhumanity to ^he crews of some of the English vessels of the crusaders’ fleet wrecked oil the island. Bichard, anding his knights and men-at- j arms, attacked the tyrant kino* and drove him from the shore’ on the 7th of May, 1191. Fol- lowing up this advantage, the English monarch took the city of Limissa, and, ultimately, he made an easy conquest of the whole island. The people were weary of a usurper who had oppressed them, whether reigning, as he then piofessed to do, in his own right or ruling, as he formerly did, as Governor for the Emperor of Constantinople. It is related that, on surrendering to Richard, Isaac made a condition that he was not to be put in iron fetters- the conqueror agreed to this, but kept him a close prisoner in fetters of silver. They therefore hailed our Lion-hearted king as a de- liverer rather than a conqueror ; and the crusaders had only to con- tend with the fighting-men and the personal retainers of the ty rant. 177.8. Borden Town, North America, situated on the Dela- ware, was taken possession of by an expedition which Gen. Howe sent up that river, after he had taken Philadelphia. A battalion of light infantry, under com- mand of Major the Hon. John Maitland of the marines, with two field-pieces, was embarked in armed galleys, schooners, and gun- boats, for the purpose of de- stroying certain American men- of-war known to be in the river. I he troops landed at White Hill about noon on the 7th of May under cover of the gun-vessels and immediately proceeded to- wards Borden Town, distant about two miles. The Americans kept re- treating, until they arrived at a creek, over which the British had to cross by a dam, partly con- stiucted of wood : here thej r made a stand, seemingly rcsolvgd to defend thc pass; but the light infantrv, pusning forward with their usual K 130 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. May 8. intrepidity, prevented the accom- plishment of their design. A sharp firing then ensued, which termi- nated in a precipitate retreat of the rebels. Abandoning their only field-piece, they ran to a battery of five guns in the town, placed in a position to prevent ships coming up the river. Erom this post they were likewise driven by the light infantry, with the loss of fourteen men killed. Near the place where the troops disembarked, the gun- boats and galleys under Captain Henry of "the navy burnt the ■Washington, 32, and Effingham of 28 guns, with two smaller vessels; and the troops reaching Borden Town, the flotilla moved to that place, where they destroyed seve- ral large ships" and privateers. Meanwhile the troops were em- ployed in burning four large store-houses, containing provi- sions and warlike stores. May 8. 1793. Action near St. Amand. This action was the first, and one of the most gallant that maintained the character of Bri- tish soldiers during the campaigns of 1793 and 1794 in the Low Countries, which at length ter- minated so disastrously. The brigade of guards, about 1800 strong, commanded by H. R. H. the Duke of York, which had been in cantonments at Orcq, near Tournay, joined the Austrian and Prussian infantry at the camp of Maulde early in the morning of the 8th of May. The Austrians had received orders to drive the Erench out of the town of St. Amand, and from a wood in which they were strongly posted. This operation was in progress, when an attack was made by the enemy in great strength against the posts occu- pied by Gen. Clairfait. Although the Austrian troops succeeded in driving the Erench out of the town, they failed in dislodging them from the woods; and about noon the Duke sent the Cold- stream guards under Col. Pen- nington towards the scene of action. Attacking the enemy with great intrepidity, they drove them under the guns of their own batteries, from whose fire the gallant Coldstream suffered for their temerity. They nevertheless held their position at the skirts of the woods during the day, and the battle terminated by the entire defeat of the French, and their general, Dampiere, mortally wounded. 1794. During the insurrection of the Caribs in the West Indian island of St. Vincent, aided by j the Erench inhabitants, against j the English, an attack by 300 j insurgents was made, about one - o’clock on the morning of the 8th of May, upon a British post on j Dorsetshire Hill, held by little more than one hundred men; and > they succeeded in taking the post, j As" soon as the day dawned, a ; British force was despatched from j the neighbouring position of j Berkshire Hill, under command of Lieut.-Col. Seton of the ran- j gers, to regain the lost outpost. 1 Our troops were received by a ! discharge of grape ; but, though the Erench and Caribs now mus- I tered 400 men, the British, with J scarcely half that number, in ^ about 25 minutes recaptured the! field-piece and drove the in- ^ surgents from the hill. Our loss-} amounted to six men killed, and twenty-seven wounded, including i twoofficers. Twenty -three French I and nineteen Caribs were lef^ dead on the hill. 1811. First Siege of Bada- joz. __ On 5th May, Major-Gen, May 9, CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 131 W. Stewart invested Badajoz on the left bank of the Guadiana, with two squadrons of horse, six field-pieces and three brigades of infantry. On the 8th Gen. Lum- ley invested Christoval on the right bank, with a brigade of the 4th division, four guns, the 17th Portuguese infantry, and two squadrons of horse. Sixty Erench dragoons having had the temerity to dispute the ground, were dis- persed after a short skirmish by the Portuguese infantry. May 9. 1705. The garrison of Albu- querque, alarmed by the fall of Valencia de Alcantara, surren- dered on 9th May to the general of the Portuguese troops, in com- mand of the confederate army, of which the British force under the Earl of Galway formed an important part. 1752. Capt. Dalton, com- manding two companies of the 1st Madras European regiment, al- together 150 men, with 400 se- poys, 500 Mahratta cavalry, and four field-pieces, attacked a convoy near the fort of Utatoor, which was there waiting to enter Serin- gapatam, then held by the Erench and their allies. After a severe action in the attack and defence of a choultry in front of the fort, during which the English lost an officer and several men, Capt. Dalton succeeded in driving the enemy under the walls of Utatoor. At this moment a body of cavalry belonging to the convoy attacked the English in their rear; but the Mahrattas engaged them till a gun was brought to bear, when the whole force of the enemy took refuge in the fort for the night. Before daylight the next morn- ing they retreated towards Vol- condah, abandoning the fortress. 1801. Skirmish near Rah- manie. — The Erench army under Gen. La Grange, while retreating along the banks of the Nile, fol- lowed by Lieut. -Gen. Hutchinson, made a slight stand at the for- tified post of Rahmanie, and some skirmishing ensued. The British troops on the eastern banks of the river having got into the rear of the enemy and taken the post in reverse, the Erench retired during the night, and made the best of their way through the desert towards Cairo. The Egyp- tian fort of Rahmanie, with its garrison of 1T0 Erench soldiers, surrendered the next morning, and a detachment of 50 Erench cavalry and 3 officers were taken prisoners in the neighbourhood. May 10. 1794. Action near Tour- nay. — The allied army, amount- ing to 20,000 men, under H. R. H. the Duke of York, encamped be- fore Tournay, was attacked at daybreak on 10th May by the Erench, in several columns, to the amount of 30,000 men, by an attempt to turn their right flank. Being driven back by the Austrian regiment of Kunitz, the enemy next directed their efforts against the centre, upon which they advanced under a heavy cannonade, with great resolution; but a favourable opportunity oc- curring for attacking them on their left flank, which was not protected, Lieut.-Gen. Harcourt, with sixteen squadrons of British cavalry, and 200 Austrian hus- sars under Gen. Otto, attacked them with so much resolution and intrepidity, that they imme- diately began to retreat, and, soon becoming dispersed, suffered con- siderable loss. Meanwhile, the Erench made a vigorous attack 132 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. May ll, upon the Hanoverians on the right; who, after a severe con- test, bravely maintained their post, and repulsed the enemy with great loss. The whole French army then gave way ; but they nevertheless made a stand at the village of Basieu, where they had a strong battery, until the British artillery drove them from that position. The brunt of this ac- tion was borne by the British troops ; and among those who were particularly distinguished were the bays, the Scotch greys, and InniskiUing dragoons. 1811. Sortie from Badajoz repulsed. — A battery com- menced against St. Christoval by Capt. Squires on the 8th, al- though exposed to a destructive fire of musketry from the fort, and of shot and shells from the town, was continued until the 10th, notwithstanding the great loss in- curred. On that night the French, making a furious sally, carried the work; but they were imme- diately driven back by the allies, who, pursuing too hotly, were taken in front and flank with such a deadly fire of grape, that their loss amounted to four hun- dred men, in killed and wounded. 1818. Mahrattas defeated. — The English and Anglo-In- dian forces commanded by Briga- dier-General Munro, the reserve under Brigadier- Gen. Pritzler, appeared before the Mahratta fortress of Shalapore on the 9th of May, and the next day at- tacked the pettah. They sur- prised the entrance, but were immediately subjected to a tre- mendous fire from the houses. The Mahratta chief, Gunput Row, encamped on the side of the fortress opposite to that at- tacked, now brought some guns to bear on the dragoons outside the pettah, but the bursting of one causing the explosion of a tumbril, the dragoons drove back the enemy, and captured two guns. In the meantime, our troops with- in the pettah having driven the opposing garrison into the fort, remained in quiet possession of the town. The enemy’s camp suddenly breaking up, they were pursued by Brigadier-Gen. Pritz- ler, with the British cavalry, and their infantry was completely routed with great loss ; but their 5000 horsemen secured their re- treat. 1818. Bajee Row’s strong hill fort of Ryghur, eastern frontier of *the Concan, surrendered on terms this day, to Lieut.-Col. Prother. May 11. 1780. Surrender of Charles- town. — The army under Lieut.- General Sir Henry Clinton in- vested Charlestown, the capital of the province of South Caro- lina, situated on the Ashley river, on the 13th April, and the siege continued with great vigour, sup- ported by the squadron under Adm. Arbuthnot, until the 6th May, when the enemy proposed to surrender ; and on the 11th the articles of capitulation were signed. The garrison consisted of 7 general officers, 10 Conti- nental regiments, 3 battalions of artillery, and, including the militia and seamen, formed a total of 6000 men in arms. 1799. After the fall of Serin- gapatam, the fortress of Chitte- droog, situated 117 miles from the former, surrendered, and the garrison marched out with the honours of war on the 11th of May. 1809. Action at Grijox. — The British army under Lieu- tenant Gen. Sir Arthur Wellesley moving upon Oporto, the ad- May 12, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 133 vance d guard, which consisted of two divisions, besides cavalry, crossed the Vouga before daylight on the 10th May. Gen. Paget’s division and the cavalry halted at Oliveira ; Sherbrooke’s division passed the river later in the day, and remained at Albergaria. But at an early hour on the 11th the pursuit was renewed, and the British came up with the enemy at Grijon about 8 o’clock in the morning. The French, amount- ing to 4000 infantry and several squadrons of cavalry, were drawn up on a range of hills, and a wood on their right was occupied by infantry. The British came on in one column, and the 16th Portuguese regiment drove the enemy out of the wood on their right, whilst the Germans, who were in the rear, turned the other flank. The French then abandoned the position, and, be- ing pressed by two squadrons of the 16th and 26th dragoons, under Major Blake, they lost a few killed and about a hundred prisoners. 1811 . Skirmish with French Rear-guard. — After the French had blown up the works of Almeida, about 1 o’clock on the morning of the 11th May, they retreated on Villa de Ceirva. Learning that that town was in possession of the 1st dragoon guards, they changed their route ; but a detachment of the royal regiment fell upon their rear, and took some prisoners. 1824. The British expedition against the Burmese Empire, com- manded by Major-General Sir Archibald Campbell, the squadron under Commodore Grant, an- chored within the bar of the Ran- goon river on the 10th of May, and on the 11th proceeded up that river, receiving a few shot from the guard-houses on its banks. As the squadron an- chored before the town of Ran- goon a feeble fire was opened from the batteries on the ships, but was soon silenced by the broadside of H. M. S. LifFey. The troops, landing, found the town deserted, and took posses- sion of its untenanted walls. May 12. 1809. Passage of the Dou- ro. — The French, continuing their retreat, crossed the Douro on the night of the 11th of May ; and before daybreak the bridge was destroyed. After securing all the craft upon the river, and placing guards at the most suit- able points, Soult proposed to remain at Oporto during the 12th, to afford time for the dif- ferent detachments of the army to concentrate at Amarante. His orders were, however, but imperfectly obeyed; and in this state of affairs the head of the British columns arrived at Villa Nova, and before 8 o’clock on the morning of the 12th they were concentrated, but covered from the observation of the enemy by the height on which the convent of Sarea stands. The Duke of Dalmatia, considering that all about the city was secure, took his station westward of Oporto, whence he could discern the whole course of the lower river to the entrance. Sir Arthur Wellesley’s attention was at- tracted to a large unfinished building, called the Seminary, standing alone, with easy access to it from the river. There were no French posts near the build- ing ; and the direct line of pas- sage to it across the river was hidden from the troops in the town. A boat having been obtained, k 3 134 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 12 Col. Waters gallantly crossed the river, which is rapid and more than three hundred yards wide ; and in a short time he returned unperceived with three or four large barges. Meanwhile twenty pieces of artillery were got up to the convent of Sarea ; and Major- Gen. Murray, with the German brigade, some squadrons of the 14th dragoons, and two guns, reached the Barca de Avintas, three miles higher up the stream, to effect, if possible, a passage there also. Some troops moved to support this detachment, while others came cautiously forward to the brink of the river. About 10 o’clock an officer and twenty- five men of the Buffs embarked in one of the barges ; and in a quarter of an hour they gained the Seminary, without any alarm. A second boat followed, and then a third passed a little higher up the river; but scarcely had the men from the last landed, when a tumultuous noise of drums and shouts arose in the city. Upon this the British troops instantly crowd- ed to the bank of the river, and Gen. Paget, who had passed in the third boat, being severely wounded whilst mounting the roof of the Seminary, the com- mand devolved upon General Hill. The musketry was sharp, and increasing every moment, and the enemy’s artillery soon began to play upon the building ; but the English guns from the convent of Sarea commanded the whole enclosure round the Seminary, and swept the wall in such a manner as to confine the French assault to the side of the iron gate. Several boats now reach- ing Villa Nova, Lieut.-Gen. Sher- brooke’s troops began to cross in large bodies, and just at this time a loud shout was heard from the town as the enemy abandoned the lower part of the city. At this moment the troops of General Murray w r ere seen descending the right bank from Avintas, and there were now three bat- talions within the Seminary, whence a destructive fire was poured upon the French columns as they hastened along the Val- longa road. Five pieces of artil- lery coming out of the town on the left, were captured by part of Gen, Sherbrooke’s division, wffio, having forced their way through the streets, thus came upon the rear. The allies were now in con- siderable force on the city side of the river ; and Gen. Sherbrooke, wdth the brigade of guards and the 29th regiment, was in the town. In the centre, Gen. Hill held the Seminary and the wall of the en- closure, with the Buffs, 48th, 66th, and 16th Portuguese regiments, and a battalion of detachments ; his line being prolonged on the right by the Germans and the 14th dragoons, under Gen. Murray. The remainder of the army con- tinued passing at different points, whilst the artillery from the height of Sarea kept up a harassing fire upon the enemy’s retreating co- lumns. Had Gen. Murray fallen boldly upon them, their discom- fiture would have been complete, but they were suffered to pass unmolested by that officer, al- though Gen. Charles Stewnrt and Major Hervey, with two squadrons of dragoons, attacked their rear- guard as it was passing a narrow defile. Gen. Laborde w r as un- horsed, and Foy wounded ; but these gallant horsemen receiving no support from Gen. Murray, w’ere obliged to fight their way back with loss, and Major Hervey lost an arm. Thus the fight ter- minated, and the British remained on the ground they had so nobly gained. Their loss amounted to IVIay 13. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 135 twenty men killed ; a general and ninety-five men wounded. The loss of the enemy was not less than five hundred killed and wounded; and several hundred were cap- tured in the hospitals. may 13, 1690. Surrender of Acadia. — Acadia or Nova Scotia, North America, on the western side of the river St. Lawrence, was first held by the French; but in 1614 they were obliged to abandon the little town they had built there, by order of the English Go- vernor of Virginia. Charles I. of England ceded Acadia to the French Crown after his marriage with the daughter of Henry IV. of France in 1625. In 1627 it was again taken from the French, but restored by the treaty of St. Ger- main, and taken from them again by Oliver Cromwell in 1654: yet Charles II., by the treaty of Breda, ceded it once more to France, in spite of the remonstrance of the people of New England. But, on war being declared between France and England, the New Englanders in 1690 levied war in their own behalf for its recovery; and Sir William Phipps, with a squadron and 700 troops, appeared before Port Royal on the 11th of May. The French governor held out till the 13th, when he sur- rendered. Sir William demolished the fort, sent away the French garrison, and obliged the inhabit- ants to take an oath of allegiance to William and Mary. 1761. Enemy repulsed at Belleisle. — We made mention of the landing effected by the English under Major- Gen. Hodg- son at Belleisle on the 22nd of April. An advance was imme- diately made upon the principal town of Palais, which, with its citadel, was regularly besieged. The enemy on the 3rd May made a sally with 400 men, which did some mischief to the besiegers; but a party of marines under Capt. Hepburn arriving season- ably to the assistance of the troops engaged, the enemy were at length repulsed with consider- able loss. On the 13th a detach- ment of 200 men, drawn from Loudon’s regiment and the ma- rines employed on shore, under command of Capt. Carruthers of that corps, under cover of the fire from the British batteries, drove the enemy from a redoubt at the point of the bayonet. After this, the panic spread from redoubt to redoubt ; and, on the arrival of a reinforcement under Major Nesbitt of the 69th regiment, all their defences fell into the hands of our troops, the enemy retiring into the citadel. RSay 1793. Brigadier-Gen. Ogilvie, with detachments of royal artil- lery, and the 4th and 65th regi- ments, in all about 310 men, embarked at Halifax on board H. M.’s ships Alligator, Dili- gente armed schooner, and three small transports, for the subju- gation of the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, Newfoundland. This little expedition appeared before St. Pierre on the morning of the 14th; and as a French frigate was reported to be in the harbour, the brigadier-general thought it prudent to land with a part of the troops on the western coast of the island, that the town might be attacked by sea and land simultaneously. The ships then proceeded towards the harbour; but although no frigate was there, a battery was in progress, mount- ing eight 26- and four 6 -pounders, 136 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 15. wlii oil commanded the entrance. Before commencing hostilities, a summons to surrender was sent to the French governor, who, in return, demanded terms of capi- tulation, which being refused, he surrendered the islands, and the troops immediately took posses- sion. Two American schooners, with provisions and naval stores, and 18 fishing vessels were taken in the harbour by Capt. Affleck. 1818. The batteries before Shalapore opened on the morning of the 14th of May, and so well were the guns served that before noon a breach was very nearly effected, which so terrified the killidar that he sent a messenger to Brigadier-Gen. Munroe, beg- ging that hostilities might cease, and offering to surrender. The conditions were immediately agreed upon, and the next morn- ing the English troops marched into this important fortress. Bri- gadier-Gen. Munroe in his de- spatch highly compliments Lieut. - Col. Dalrymple, under whose di- rection the fire of the batteries in a few hours brought the siege to a successful termination. May 15. 1383. Flemings defeated. — In the reign of Richard II. the Bishop of Norwich embarked for Calais a body of crusaders, as they called themselves, — 52,000 men, including 2000 English knights and men-at-arms, — to wage war against Pope Clement in favour of Urban, who had in this unholy crusade declared Henry Spencer, Bishop of Nor- wich, his general. The belligerent bishop carried the war into Flanders for some private reasons of his own, alleging that it was a fief of France, whose king was an enemy of Urban, though the Earl of Flanders was actually an ad- herent of that pope. After taking several cities, the bishop near Dunkirk found himself opposed to the Flemings, 12,000 strong, commanded by the earl ; and de- spatched a herald to the enemy, who, ignorant of the courtesies of w r ar, slew him. On this the bishop charged with all his horse ; and while the English archers on the flanks of his army poured in their deadly arrows, the main body of infantry advanced with the banner of the cross. The luckless Flem- ings, though they for awhile fought bravely, were borne down by the British host, and sought safety in flight ; but being closely pursued, few escaped. 1791. Action at Arikera. — During the advance of the British force under Lord Cornwallis against Seringapatam, the army of Tippoo on the 14th May was perceived at Arikera, distant from that fortress about 9 miles, in a strong position, its front being covered by a swamp. An attempt was made to pass round the enemy’s flank and cut off their retreat to Seringapatam, but this intention was frustrated by the sudden burst of a fearful storm. On the 15th Lord Cornwallis again offered the Sultaun battle ; and when the action had lasted the greater part of the day, the enemy took refuge on the island upon which Seringapatam is situ- ated, with the loss of three thousand men and four guns. The English had 500 men killed and wounded. 1804. Fortress of Tonkram- poor taken. — Lieut.-Col. Don, having under his command the 2nd battalions of the 8th and 21st regiments of native infantry, the 3rd regiment of cavalry, and some artillery, appeared before the fortress of Tonkrampoor, si- tuated to the northward of the May 16 - CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 137 Oliumbul, where they encamped in the rear of the town. On the 15th of May, the colonel marched, with some companies of the two regiments and a 12-pounder, to attack the principal entrance be- fore daybreak. Under a smart fire from the ramparts he blew open the first gate, and, haying dislodged the enemy, he was equally successful with the other entrances to the town. The gar- rison then fled ; but numbers of them were cut down by the cavalry under Major Doveton. May 16. 1811 . Battle op Albueka. — The approach of Marshal Soult with a formidable army induced Beresford to raise the siege of Badajoz on the night of the 12 th May, and by his admirable ar- rangements all the guns and stores were removed; by the 1 5th; but it was not until the rear-guard was ready to draw off that the Erench were aware of the siege having been raised. Beresford resolved on receiving battle at Albuera; and on the morning of the 15th the British occupied the left of the po- sition, which was a ridge about four miles long, having the Aroya Val de Sevilla in rear and the Albuera river in front. The right of the position, which was the strongest, was occupied by the Spaniards un- der Blake, and the whole force now amounted to 30,000 infantry, 2000 cavalry, and thirty-eight pieces of artillery ; but of this army 1 0,000 were Spaniards, whose discipline was so imperfect that little de- pendence could be entertained of their support. The Erench had but 19,000 infantry, 4000 cavalry, and fifty guns; but this inferiority Df numbers was amply compen- sated by their excellent composi- ion,— being veteran troops, and of one nation, obedient to one dis- cipline. On the evening of the 17th, Soult reconnoitred the posi- tion of the allies; and learning that the 4th division was left at Badajoz, and that the Spanish army would not arrive before the 17th, he resolved to attack the next morning. During the night, however, Blake’s Spaniards and Gen. Cole with the 4th division ar- rived, with about 16,000 men; but Soult, without making any altera- tion in his plan, moved out Godi- not’s division from the woods about nine o’clock, preceded by ten guns, flanked by the light cavalry, and followed by Merle’s division of reserve, and attempted to force the bridge. Other demonstrations were made as if it were intended to assail the British centre ; but Beresford saw that this was a feint, and directed Blake to change his front, so as to face the Erench menacing his right; yet Blake, persisted that the real attack was against the centre by the bridge of Albuera, and retained his position. The Erench columns were now seen closing upon his right flank; and then his move- ment was so slow that Beresford grew impatient and took the di- rection in person. The delay thus occasioned enabled the enemy to concentrate at this point, and two-thirds of the Erench were in compact order of battle in a line perpendicular to the right of Beresford’s army, which was disordered and still in the act of changing its front. Be- fore the Spaniards could be brought into line the Erench bore upon them so fiercely, that they were thrown into confusion, and compelled to give way. Soult, thinking the whole army was yielding, pushed forward his co- lumns, and placed all his batteries in position. At this critical mo- 138 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. May 16. ment the 2nd division, under Gen. William Stewart, arrived at the foot of the heights ; and on gaining the summit, in the act of deploy- ing, were so severely assailed by the Polish lancers that two-thirds of Colborne’s brigade were almost annihilated; but the 31st regi- ment being still in column, kept its ground. At this crisis, while every effort had been used by Beresford to induce the Spaniards to advance, Colborne still main- tained the heights with the 31st regiment, and General William Stewart was again mounting the hill with Houghton's brigade ; and while Col. Dickson placed his ar- tillery in line, the remaining bri- gade of the 2nd division came up on the left, and the Spanish at last moved forward. The fight was now renewed with greater violence ; Stewart was twice wounded, Lieut.-Col. Duckworth fell at the head of the 48th, and the gallant Houghton, who had re- ceived many wounds, died in the act of cheering on his men. Lieut.- Col. Inglis of the 57th regiment, twenty-two other officers, and 400 men out of 570 had fallen, and not one third of the army re- mained unscathed. The English fire having slackened for want of ammunition, the Polish lancers, again charging, captured six guns. At this desperate crisis, whilst Be- resford meditated a retreat, Col. Hardinge boldly ordered Cole to advance with the 4th division, and then directed Abercromby, with the remaining brigade of the 2nd division, to push forward in the fight. The two brigades which composed the 4th division — the one Portuguese, under Lren. ±iai - vey, the other commanded by Sir W. Myers, composed of the 7th and 23rd regiments, and called the fusilier brigade — were led up the hill by Cole, as the whole of 'Werle’s reserves were coming forward to reinforce the front of the French, and the remnant of Houghton’s brigade could no longer maintain its ground. A Spanish and an English regi- ment, in mutual error, were ex- changing volleys, and Hamilton’s Portuguese, in withdrawing from the heights above the bridge, ap- peared to be in retreat. Col. Abercromby, pushing between the fire of the mistaken troops, ar- rested that mischief; while Cole, with the fusiliers, flanked by a battalion of the Lusitanian legion, mounted the hill, dispersed the lancers, recaptured the six guns, and appeared on the right oi Houghton’s brigade, as Aber- cromby passed it on the left. The enemy’s heavy masses press- ing onward as to an assured victory, startled as this gallant line issued from the confused multi- tude, they wavered, and then pouring in a tremendous fire that for a moment staggered the British troops, under which Myers was killed, Cole and the three colonels, Ellis, Blakeny, and Kaw- shawe, wounded, they endeavour- ed to enlarge their front. It was in vain that Soult, by voice and gesture, continued to animate his veterans to oppose the daring phalanx, who now recovering, closed on their valiant enemies ; and in the words of the military historian, “ *In vain did the Erench reserves, joining with the strug- gling multitude, endeavour to sustain the fight ; their efforts only increased the irremediable con- fusion, and the mighty mass giving way like a loosened cliff, went headlong down the ascent; and fifteen hundred unwounded men, the remnant of six thou- sand unconquerable British sol- diers stood triumphant on the * Napier. May 17. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 139 fatal hill.” It was now three o’clock; the serious fighting had endured only four hours, and in that space of time nearly 7000 of the allies and above 8000 of their adversaries had fallen. Three French generals were wounded, two slain, and 800 soldiers so badly hurt as to be left on the field. Of the allies only 2000 Spaniards and 600 Germans and Portuguese were struck down ; whilst the British had only 1500 left standing, out of 6000. May 17. 1760. Siege of Quebec raised. — Although the garrison of Quebec continued to suffer great priva- tions, the troops still defended the place with exemplary determina- tion; and by the 9 th of May they had one hundred and fifty pieces of artillery mounted on the ram- parts. On the 11th the enemy opened a mortar-battery and three of cannon, which they increased to such extent that they had now ten mortars and forty pieces of cannon in action against the place. But our fire soon compelled them to alter their attack; and at other points they were silenced. On the 1 5th Commodore Swanton, in the Vanguard of 70 guns, and the Diana frigate, arrived with relief to the garrison, and on the follow- ing day those ships, with the Lowes- toffe frigate, moved up above the town, and so effectually attacked the enemy’s squadron that two fri- gates were destroyed, — the latter near Pointe Tremble, about ten ; leagues above the town , — and out of their whole fleet, only one sloop of war escaped. Whilst the frigates were employed in pur- suing and destroying the enemy’s vessels, the Vanguard dropped down the channel of Sillery and enfiladed the enemy’s trenches for several hours. This fire was so well seconded from the ram- parts, that the besiegers were compelled to abandon that part of their works. In the night, be- tween the 16th and 17th, M. de Levis raised the siege, leaving the camp standing, with a quan- tity of stores and ammunition; also thirty-four pieces of battering cannon, ten field-pieces, and six mortars. Gen. Murray pushed on with the grenadiers and light in- fantry, in hopes of cutting off their retreat; but they retired so rapidly, that only a few prisoners fell into his hands. 1801. Surrender of French Detachment. — The British ar- my, under Lieut.-Gen. Hutchin- son, was encamped at Alkarn on 17th May, when information was brought by the Arabs that a con- siderable body of French, coming from Alexandria, were advancing towards the Nile, near the spot where the boats of the capitan pacha were then lying. The ca- valry were immediately ordered out, with two pieces of cannon, under the committid of Brigadier- Gen. Doyle, supported by his bri- gade of infantry. Col. Cavalier, who commanded the French con- voy, on seeing the boats of the ca- pitan pacha, suspected that our army must be near at hand, and therefore retired into the desert. The British troops immediately moved in pursuit, and the cavalry came up with him after a march of three hours. Major Wilson of the Ilomspech regiment was then sent forward with a flag of truce, requiring them to surrender, on condition that their private pro- perty should be respected, and that they should be sent to France by the first convenient opportunity These terms were accepted, and 600 men, infantry, cavalry, and 140 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 19. artillery, laid down their arms. A considerable portion of the dromedary corps, a 4-pounder, and 550 camels were also taken. May 18.. 1775. Battle of Areas. — In our columns of the 28th April we stated the cause of the Mah- ratta war, and we have recorded the actions that occurred on the 2nd and 8th May. On the 1 8th Col. Keating, commanding the En- glish troops, joined Ragoba’s forces, with the intention of reach- ing Poonah before the setting in of the rains had flooded the plains of Arras. While passing over these plains, their rear was suddenly tired upon by a masked battery in an enclosure, as two strong co- lumns of the Mahrattas advanced to the attack ; but they were soon driven back and their guns si- lenced. The grenadiers of the Bombay and Madras European regiments, with a detachment of sepoys, then rushed forward to capture the guns ; but the Mahrattas went off at full speed, throwing forward a large body of cavalry and some elephants to cover them retreat. In the meantime a detachment of the same description of forces had approached the English army, and, aided by a traitor, an officer of Ragoba, they pretended to be a body of his troops. Taking advantage of them position be- tween the British advance and the main army, they attacked the former in the rear, and thus sur- rounded them. A gallant re- sistance was made ; but a tumbril blowing up in their ranks, the English were forced back upon each other, and trampled down by horses and elephants. In the confusion that ensued they lost a piece of artillery ; but it was immediately recovered. The main body now advanced, and attacked the enemy with such resolution that after the action had lasted four hours they were eventually routed, with a loss of 1200 men. The British lost 86 Europeans and about 200 sepoys. The first division that advanced against the enemy suffered very severely ; of fifteen officers seven were killed and four wounded. Ragoba’s troops took but little part in the action ; they were so discontented for want of pay that they would not even join in the pursuit of the flying enemy. 1818. Sortie repulsed. — The detachment under Lieut.-Col. M‘Dowall, of which we made mention on the 25th April, serv- iug with two companies of the 1st royals, in the early part of May commenced the siege of Malleygaum, on the river Moas- sum. The garrison, composed of a party of Arabs, made a sortie on the 18th; but they were re- pulsed with considerable loss, and the British opened their batteries on the following day. 1794. General Clairfait, com- manding the allied army in Flanders, with a squadron of Hessian cavalry and the left wing of the British 8th light dragoons, attacked and carried the village of Bourbegue, near Menin. The place was well defended by artil- lery, and the dragoons suffered severely. May 19. 1217. Battle of Lincoln. — In the reign of King John, the barons invited Louis, Dauphin of France, to the throne of Eng- land, and actually did homage to him in London, resolving to prosecute his pretentions ; but on Henry III. coming to the May 19. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 141 throne, his interests began to fade. Louis had already forfeited the esteem of his adherents by his insolent demeanour towards all classes, but, in order to regain his former position, accepted the offer of a short truce, during which the Regent, the Marshal Earl of Pembroke, strengthened his forces. At the expiration of the truce in 1217, the French general recommenced hostilities, advanced to Lincoln, and invested the castle, though the town de- clared for the Barons. The Regent sent the Earl of Chester to besiege Mount Sorrel in Lei- cestershire, a strong place, in which there was a French garri- son ; but Louis having despatched the Earl of Perche with 20,000 men to raise the siege, the Earl of Chester was compelled to retire. Elevated with this suc- cess, he resolved on the siege of Lincoln, and had commenced battering the castle, when Pem- broke’s army had approached so near as Newark to relieve it. The French, considering that their chief strength was in their cavalry, which could be of no service within the walls, resolved on hazarding a battle. The Earl Regent bringing his forces close to the walls, Faulk de Brent en- tered the castle at a postern gate opening into the fields, which was not known to the besiegers, upon whom he now sallied out, while the king’s troops stormed one of the gates of the city. The French general, Perche, finding himself thus attacked on each dank, was soon thrown into dis- order, neither having room for his infantry to engage, nor being enabled to avail himself of his cavalry. On the other side, the royal army, encouraged by the presence of the Regent and ani- mated by the indulgencies li- berally bestowed by the Pope’s legate upon all that should be slain in battle, continued the as- sault with such vigour that they entered the city on one side while De Brent pressed the enemy on the other. The Earl of Perche, seeing that all was lost, resolved not to survive a defeat, and was slain while upbraiding some of his English partisans for betray- ing him. A dreadful slaughter ensued ; the city of Lincoln was given up to general plunder, and the soldiers found so much booty thar they called it “ Lincoln fair.” 1776. Surrender of “ Tiie Cedars.” — On the siege of Quebec being raised, Sir Guy Carleton detached Capt. Forster against the fortified post of The Cedars on the river St. Lawrence. The fort contained 390 Ameri- cans, who surrendered without opposition on the 19th May. 1812. Fort Napoleon taken. — The brigade under Major-Gen. Howard, with the 6th regiment of Portuguese infantry, was de- tached from Lieut.- Gen. Hill’s division on the evening of 18 th May for the assault of fort Na- poleon, one of the principal out- works of Almaraz. From the difficulties of the road the attack did not take place until day- break on the 19th. The storming party, consisting of the 1st bat- talion of the 50th and one wing of the 71st regiment, was di- vided into three bodies, led re- spectively by Lieut.-Col. Stewart and Major Harrison of the 50th, and the third by Major Cother, of the 71st. The assault was so well conducted that the divisions escalading the fort at the same moment, although exposed to a tremendous fire, soon drove the French, and closely followed them until they reached the tete de pont 142 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 21 , across the Tagus, wherein many [ perished. The alarm spreading to the right bank of the river, fort Ragusa was abandoned. Capt. Candler, of the 50th, who was among the first to mount the ladders, was the only officer killed. May 20 . 1760. Attack on Cuddalore repulsed. — On the 20th, at night, 700 French infantry, 150 hus- sars, and 500 sepoys made a third assault on Cuddalore. The gar- rison, reinforced by a detachment of the 1st Madras European re- giment, made a vigorous defence, and the enemy were beaten off with the loss of 80 men in killed and wounded; among the former were two officers. 1789. COLLUNGOODY TAKEN. — The pettah and fort of Ccllun- goodv was besieged by a force of European and native troops under command of Col. Stuart. Not waiting the arrival of his artillery, which, detained by the difficulties of the road, was con- siderably in the rear, the colonel proceeded to the attack of the place. After some obstinate fight- ing the pettah was carried. An attempt was then made to storm the fort, which proved unsuc- cessful; but a second assault gave the British possession of the for- tress of Collungoody. 1818. Capture of Chunda. — A force of native cavalry and artillery, under Lieut. -Col. Adams, commanding Nagpore subsidiary force, having been despatched against the fortified city of Chunda during the Mah- ratta campaigns, siege operations had so far advanced on the night of the 17 th of May that the bat- teries opened on the 18th. The place was then completely in- vested, and a breach declared practicable on the 20th, orders were given for the assault. De- tachments of Bengal grenadiers, with pioneers carrying ladders, and the 1st battalion 19th Ben- gal N. L, formed the right co- lumn of attack; and the left was composed of detachments of Ma- dras flank battalion and 1st bat- talion of 1st regiment Madras N. L Both columns entered the breach together, led by Col. Pop- ham and Capt. Brook; and as the troops filed off to the right and left, Lieut.-Col. Stewart, with the 1st battalion 23rd regiment of Bengal, and the 11th Madras N. I., rushed into the works. Lieut. Fell, Bengal pioneers, who planted the British colours on the breach, was severely wounded, as were also Capt. Charlesworth, and Lieuts. Watson and Casement, Madras N. I. Although the loss of the British was comparatively trifling, no less than 500 of the garrison were either killed or wounded. 1840. The fort of Aden, at the entrance of the Red Sea, held by a British force, was this day surprised by a body of 500 Arabs ; but the garrison succeeded in beating off the assailants. Capt. Crispin, 16th regiment N. I., was in command at the time, with detachments of the 1st Bombay European regiment, and 10th N. I., and artillery, under Lieut. Bailley. May 21 . 1745. Defence of Island of Anguilla. — The Chevalier de Caylus, with a French squadron in the West Indian seas, then forming a settlement of that na- tion on the island of Hispaniola (St. Domingo), ordered Capt. La Touche, v r ith two men-of w r ar and May 22. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 143 some smaller vessels, against the English island of Anguilla, where the French landed. 650 men on the 21st of May. Mr. Hodge, the governor, with a small force, not more than 112 men in number, posted behind a breastwork in a narrow pass, awaiting the enemy, thus addressed his little band : “ Gentlemen, I am ignorant of military discipline; all I can re- commend to you is to load and fire as fast as you can, and stand true to your country to the last man.” So ably did the English obey the governor’s injunction, that they compelled the French to abandon the island, leaving 32 killed, and about 50 prisoners, of whom 25 were wounded. 1824. Ashantees defeated. — After the death of Sir Charles M‘ Car thy, in the action of January the 21st, at Cape Coast Castle, Major Chisholm still kept the field, where he was reinforced with troops sent by the new governor, Col. Sutherwood, who had arrived to take command of the colony. Having now the whole disposable strength of the settlement, and also a body of Fantee allies, the Major cut his way through the bush to the position of the Ashan- tees, and encountered them at one o’clock on the afternoon of the 21st of May. An action ensued, which continued upwards of four hours, in which the black troops and the militia of the settlement behaved with much gallantry; but the Fantees would not stand their ground. The enemy were at length totally defeated and driven from the field, having suffered great loss in killed and wounded. The regulars and militia of the British force had 4 killed in the action, 75 wounded, and 88 were returned missing. Of the Fantees’ forces, 84 were killed and 603 wounded. 1842. — Capt. J. Halket Craigie, commanding a force composed of the 43rd regiment N.I. and Shah Shoojah’s troops, at Kelat-i-Ghil- zie, under Major-General Nott, early in the morning of the 21st of May, repulsed about 4000 Ghilzies, who in two columns at- tempted to carry by escalade an important outwork, and a post in the main works. After an hour’s severe action, the enemy were re- pulsed with great loss, and driven down the hill they had ascended, leaving 104 slain, and bearing off many dead and wounded. The ca- sualties of the little garrison con- sisted only of six sepoys wounded. May 22. 1 546. Actions near Boulogne. — The Marshal De Diez was en- camped near Boulogne with a large army, while the Earl of Hert- ford held that town with a strong English garrison; but it would ap- pear that other bodies of French and English troops were spread along the coast. History gives England two victories over the French on the 22nd of May : one near Havre, where the French had 400 slain and some prisoners taken ; the other between Calais and Boulogne, where the victory was as certain, but the slaughter not so great. 1598. The English troops of Elizabeth and the Scotch of James VI. of Scotland were at this time engaged in the Low Countries, under command of Prince Maurice of Nassau. The English were commanded by Col. Horace Vere, afterwards Lord Vere, Baron of Tilbury; the Scotch by Col. Murray. Philip II., King of Spain, having sent Don Francis Mendoza, Admiral of Arragon, against the United provinces, Prince Maurice ex- 144 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 23 tended his line of intrenchments along the Waal and the Maese. The Spaniards, nevertheless, suc- ceeded in landing on the island of Bommelwaert, and laid siege to the town situated there. The Prince ot Nassau had some French regiments in his army, though Henry IV. of France had just made peace with Spain. These troops, with the English, attacked the Spanish intrenchments on the island of Bommelwaert, from which they drove the enemy, whose loss in killed and wound- ed was not less than 600 men. 1781. The first attempt of the American army under Gen. Green to invest the fort of Ninety-six, in which Lieut-Col. Cruger was shut up with a small garrison, signally failed. On the 21st May the be- siegers broke ground within can- non-shot of the fort. But on the 22nd, covered by a heavy cannon- ade, thirty of the brave defenders of the fort, led by Lieut. Roney, sal- lied forth and bayoneted every man they found in the enen^’s works. The gallant officer who commanded the sortie was the only person killed on our side. 1794. Espieeres stormed. — The combined army under the command of the Emperor of Austria, and the British com- manded by H. R. H. the Duke of York, at 5 o’clock in the morning on the 22nd May were attacked by the French army, 100,000 strong. The right wing of the combined army being sorely pressed, a brigade of English, under command of Major-Gen. Fox, sent to its relief, gallantly stormed the village of Espierres, at the point of the bayonet. About this time, nearly 9 o’clock, the French began to give way, having lost 12,000 men in killed and wounded; and leaving 500 prisoners, and seven pieces ofartil- | lery in the hands of the allies. The loss of the victors fell principally upon the Hanoverians, who bore the brunt of the attack. Brigade- Major Cochrane, 14th regiment; Capt. Spread, Lieuts. Mitchell and M‘Lean, 37th regiment ; Lieuts. Rogers and Robertson, and En- sign Pearce, 53rd foot, and many other English, were wounded ; but we had only 2 sergeants and 1 1 rank and file killed. May 23. 1706. Battle op Ramilies. — On the 22nd May, the Duke of Marlborough encamped with his right at Borchloen and his left at Corswarcn, his force consist- ing of seventy-three battalions and twenty-three squadrons, making a total of about 60,000 men. In the meantime, the French army under Marshal Villeroi, somewhat superior in numbers, had crossed the Great Gheet, and were moving to Ju- doigne ; and here Marlborough resolved to attack them. On the morning of the 23rd the confe- derate army was in motion, but a heavy rain having fallen in the night, so retarded their march that the enemy took up the very ground the duke intended to occupy. As the weather cleared, the French were seen making dispositions to receive the attack in the strong position of Mont St. Andre, the ground that was rendered memorable by the battle which decided the fate of the Netherlands. When the allied columns cleared the village of Meerdorp, they diverged into the open plain of Sandrinoeuil, The first and second marched along the Chaussee de Brunehault, the third and fourth toward the heights of Ottomond, the fifth and sixth upon the steeple of Offuz, while the May 23. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 145 seventh and eighth kept those of Fouly and Autreglise in a direct line. They then formed in order of battle in two lines, between Bo- nesse and Fouly ; the cavalry being posted on the wings, — ex- cept twenty squadrons, who were in rear of the left centre. The French were also formed in two lines : the left stretched nearly from Autreglise to Offuz ; their centre being in rear of Ramilies, and the right, comprising almost the whole cavalry, in number one hundred squadrons, in two lines, occupied the open space between Ramilies and the Mehaigne. That village was occupied by twenty battalions ; and, to protect their right, a brigade of infantry was posted at the bridge of Ta- vieres about a quarter of a mile in front. Marlborough, having well reconnoitred the enemy’s posi- tion, directed the British, Dutch, and German infantry, composing the right, to move down from the heights of Fouly, in two lines, supported by cavalry, and make a demonstration of attack against the villages of Autreglise and Offuz. Villeroi, seeing his left thus menaced, drew a consider- able corps of infantry from the centre to reinforce his detached troops about Autreglise. The hostile lines being somewhat dis- ordered by this movement, Marl- borough directed his own right to face about and reascend the elevation, whence his first line would be visible to the enemy ; and as the second passed the crest of the ground unseen, he marched most of the battalions to the left hand to form in rear of the centre ; whilst the twenty squadrons of Danes were placed in a third line behind the cavalry of the left wing. Four battalions of Dutch, with two pieces of cannon, were detached from the left, to march parallel to the ca- valry, and dislodge the enemy from Franquinay and Tavieres; whilst twelve battalions, also from the left, under Gen. Schultz, at- tacked Ramilies. At half-past one the artillery opened on both sides ; but the vigour of the as- sault upon Tavieres convinced Villeroi that the object of the allies was to gain his right flank. He therefore ordered fourteen squadrons of dragoons to leave their horses, and hasten to the support of the troops in the vil- lage ; but, before they could ar- rive, the confederates had carried Tavieres, and the Danish horse falling upon the intended rein- forcement, cut them in pieces. In the midst of this masterly movement, Overkirk charged their cavalry, and overbore the first line ; but, being vigorously as- sailed by the second, his horse- men were thrown into confusion. The duke, observing this, came up with seventeen squadrons from the right, and the Danes return- ing from the defeat of the enemy at Tavieres, soon removed all apprehensions of danger. In the height of this conflict, the twelve battalions under Gen. Schultz, supported by the contiguous lines of infantry, commenced the at- tack on Ramilies. Marlborough, perceiving some confusion in the horse, ordered up reinforcements from the right wing, and person- ally led the troops to check the advance of the enemy. At this crisis, twenty squadrons arrived at full speed from the right, and formed a fourth line in rear of the right wing. Before this reinforcement could come into action, the Danish squadrons, as well as the Dutch guards, had attacked the French with such vigour that they were driven round Ramilies, towards Geest-a- L 146 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 24. Gerompont, in spite of every ef- fort on the part of Villeroi, to rally the fugitives. The battle had now lasted more than three hours, when a last effort was made by the French marshal to check the victorious progress of the allied troops ; but Marlborough struck the final blow by ordering Gen. Wood forward with the British horse in support of the troops that sustained the attack on Ra- mifies. The French, however, gave way ; the retreat became general, and in a short time they burst from all control. The allies continued the pursuit until two in the morning of the 24th. The enemy’s loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners, amount- ed to 13,000. The spoils of this memorable day consisted of eighty colours and standards, almost all their artillery, and the baggage. The allies acknowledged 1066 killed, and 2567 wounded. Of these, 82 officers were killed, and 283 wounded. The fruits of the victory of Ramifies were the surren- der of Brussels, Ghent, Bruges, and all the principal towns of Brabant. 1793. Battle of F amahs. — On the 23rd May, the combined army under the command of H. R. H. the Duke of York, de- feated the French forces on the banks of the river Ronelle, com- pelling them to relinquish that position, and also their post on the heights of Anzain, and withdraw into Valenciennes. May 24. 1760. Nabob of Poornia de- feated. — C apt. Knox, with 200 English infantry, having arrived to the assistance of the British ally Meer Jaffier, besieged by the Na- bob of Poornia, in Patria, and being supported by a battalion of sepoys, three hundred native cavalry, and five field-pieces, after a conflict of six hours, obtained a complete victory over the Na- bob’s army, consisting of 12,000 men, with thirty pieces of artillery. 1796. Successful Operations at St. Lucie. — In the expedi- tion under Lieut.-Gen. Sir Ralph Abercromby against the island of St. Lucie during the siege of Morne Fortunee, a success was gained this day, which led to the surrender of the island. The first besieging batteries had opened on the 16th, and the approaches con- tinued, until on the 24th it was necessary to storm a work within 500 yards of the fort. This was gallantly effected by the 27th, supported by the 52nd and 57th regiments, Brigadier-Gen. Moore leading the assault of these forti- fied posts. On the same day, the 27 th regiment repulsed two at- tempts to regain the nearest of these important positions, the enemy suffering considerable loss. 1841. Attack of Canton. — Active operations were resumed in the early part of May. On the 21st, the 74-gun ship Blenheim took up a position in the Macao passage, within six miles of Can- ton ; but it was not until the 23rd that the whole force had there assembled. On that day the de- barkation was effected, and the troops moved to the attack as follows : right column to attack the factories, Major Pratt, 26th regiment, 17 officers, 344 men ; left brigade, Lieut.-Col. Morris, 49th regiment, 40 officers, 606 men ; artillery, Capt. Knowles, 16 officers, 401 men ; naval bri- gade under Capt. Bourchier, 27 officers, 403 men ; reserve under Brigadier- Gen. Burrell, royal ma- rines, Capt. Ellis, with 9 officers, 372 men ; and 18th Royal Irish, Lieut.-Col. Adams, 25 officers, and 494 men ; making a total of May 2 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 147 3800 men. The factories were | taken possession of at 5 p. m., and at an early hour on the morning : of the 24th the whole of the force hacl reached the shore. The bri- gade then moved forward until within reach of the four strong forts on the heights and the northern face of the city walls. The artillery arriving at 8 A. M., kept up a smart fire on the two western forts, as the troops ad- vanced en Gchelon of columns from the left: — the 49th regiment, sup- ported by the 37th Madras native infantry and Bengal volunteers, to carry a hill on the left of the nearest eastern fort ; the 1 8th regiment, supported by the ma- rine battalion, to carry a hill in their front ; and then, as the 49th made their rush, the reserve was to carry the principal square fort. Simultaneous with these attacks, the brigade of seamen was to carry the two western forts. During the advance, a large body of the enemy having assembled on the right, the bat- talion of marines was detached to support the brigade of seamen, and to cover the right and the columns of attack. In little more than two hours the two forts were captured, and the British army looked down upon Canton, within a hundred paces of the city. Meanwhile, the naval brigade had carried the two western forts, and the British flag waved proudly on their walls. May 25. 1430. Sortie from Compiegne repulsed. — The Earls of Arundel and Suffolk and John of Luitzen- bourgh having besieged the town of Compiegne, a sortie was made by the French garrison on the night of Holy Thursday, 25th May; and at the same time six hundred men-at-arms, under command of Poiton dc Lointreiles, but led by Joan of Arc, made an attempt to compel the besiegers to raise the siege ; but the English and Burgundians fought manfully, and repulsed both the sortie and the onslaught from without, with great loss to the enemy. Among their prisoners was the luckless Joan of Arc, who was sent by John of Luitzenbourgto Bedford, the Regent of France, and the cruel policy of the day condemned her to death as a sorceress. 1778. Attack on the Rebels at Warren. — Information reach- ing Major-Gen. Sir Hugh Pigot, commanding the troops at Rhode Island, that Gen. Sullivan was assembling a large rebel force at Providence, and that the enemy had there collected a number of boats, which were under repair with the intention of invading the island, he determined on an im- mediate attempt to destroy this flotilla. Lieut.-Col. Campbell was accordingly detached with eight battalion companies of the 22nd regiment, the flank companies of the 54th regiment, and a com- pany of Hessian chasseurs ; in all about 500 men, who marched on the evening of 24th May to Arnold’s Point, and, having em- barked, proceeded up the river. Before daylight on the 25 th, they effected a landing unper- ceived by the enemy, three miles below Warren, and a mile above Bristol. Whilst a detachment of the 22nd destroyed a battery at Papasquash Point, the main body marched to the town of Warren, and having secured all the neigh- bouring passes, Col. Campbell proceeded to the Kickamuct ri- ver, where he destroyed 125 boats, many of them fifty feet in length ; also a galley of six 12- pounders, and two sloops, laden 143 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 26. with stores and provisions. The lieut.-colonel then returned to Warren, at which place and at Bristol several pieces of cannon and a quantity of stores were likewise destroyed. By this time, the insurgents, who had collected in considerable force, kept up an incessant fire on the king’s troops, until they gained the height above Bristol ferry. Here they spiked two 18-pounders ; and having made the signal for the boats to cross from Papasquash Point, the whole detachment re-em- barked, and, under cover of a fort on the opposite shore and the Flora frigate, reached the island in good order, with the very tri- fling loss of five wounded ; and having taken prisoners 3 field officers, 2 captains, and 59 soldiers of the rebel militia. 1796. After the successes of the preceding day, the island of St. Lucie was surrendered by the agent-general and the com- mander-in-chief for the French Republic to the British forces under command of Lieut.- Gen. Sir Ralph Abercromby. May 26. 1706. The town and citadel of Antwerp surrendered to the Duke of Marlborough without attempting defence, so reduced was the power of the French after the battle of Ramifies. 1776. Americans defeated. — We have already chronicled the capture of the fort of the Cedars on the 19th of May. On the 26th, Capt. Forster, 'with his detachment, being at Vaudreuil, about six miles to the northward of the Cedars, whither he had re- tired on hearing that the Ameri- cans were in great strength, Gen. Arnold, with eight hundred men, came up the river in order to rescue the rebel troops taken in the fort of the Cedars. Capt. Forster, having formed his force in three divisions, the British occupying a central part of the river on the left bank, their Indian allies being on the right; and on an opposite island were posted the Canadian troops. The Ameri- ricans successively attacked each point ; but, being everywhere re- pulsed, relinquished the enter- prise and retired to St. Anne’s, on the island of Montreal. 1813. Skirmish near Sala- manca. — In the middle of May Gen. Graham had under his orders, near Braganza, an army amounting to 40,000 men, and on the. 22nd Wellington quitted his head- quarters at Frenada, with five divisions of Anglo-Por- tuguese and Spanish infantry and five brigades of cavalry, the whole forming, with the artillery, not less than twenty-eight thousand men. The right, under Gen. Hill, moved from Bejar upon Alba de Tonnes ; the left, under Wellington in person, upon Salamanca. On the 26th the heads of the allied co- lumns appeared on all the routes leading to the Tormes. Gen. Villatte, who had withdrawn his detachment from Ledesma on the 24th, barricadoed the bridges and the streets, and on the heights above Santa Marta await- ed the approach of the hostile army. The ground on the left side of the river had, however, enabled Wellington to conceal his movements so effectually that Fane’s horsemen, with six guns, were already passing the ford at Santa Marta in Villatte’s rear, while Victor Alten’s cavalry re- moved the barricades on the bridge, and pushed through the town to attack him in front. Being thus suddenly pressed against, the French general. May 27, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 149 marching towards Babila Fuente, gained the heights of Cabierizos before Fane had crossed the river; but having still to pass the defiles of Alda Lengua, he was overtaken by both columns of cavalry. The guns, opening upon the French squares, killed above 30 men ; but although the horsemen charged boldly, they could make no im- pression upon infantry of such courage and discipline ; and not- withstanding a hundred had died in the ranks without a wound, from the intolerable heat, yet these veterans were proof against the most vigorous attacks of cavalry ; and in the face of 30,000 enemies they made their way to Babila Fuente, where they were joined by Gen. Lefol with the troops from Alba. Nevertheless 200 had sunk dead in their ranks ; a like number, unable to keep up, were made prisoners ; and six guns, being retarded by an acci- dent, also fell into the hands of the allies, together with then tumbrils. The line of the Tonnes being thus gained, the allied troops were pushed forward, their left towards Miranda and Zamora, whilst their right approached Toro, and so placed, that the latter covered the communications with Ciudad Rodrigo, may 27. 1841. Reduction of Canton. — During the greater part of the 24th May, after the British were in possession of the captured forts, as we have already related, the enemy kept up a smart fire upon the different columns occu- pying the fortified heights ; and frequent attacks were made upon the left by parties from a consi- derable encampment on a rising ground to the north-east of the city; but they were as frequently repulsed by the 49th regiment. At about 3 p.m. as preparations were making for a fresh attack, Brigadier-Gen. Burrell, with the 18th regiment and a company of marines, reinforced the 49th, and, having crossed a narrow causeway, the only means of approach, they gallantly advanced, under a heavy fire from the guns and gingals on the north-east face of the city wall, and drove the enemy at all points. After setting fire to the encampment and destroying the magazines and buildings, the troops returned to the heights. On the 26th arrangements were made for an immediate assault of the city; but on the 27th, when the troops were about to move forward to the assault, an officer arrived with a letter from Her Majesty’s plenipotentiary, ad- dressed to Lieut.-Gen. Sir Hugh Gough and Commodore Sir Fleming Senhouse, to the follow- ing effect : — “ The imperial com- missioner and all the troops, other than those of the province, to quit the city within six days, and remove to a distance of sixty miles. Six millions of dollars to be paid in one week for the use of the crown of England. One million before to-morrow at sun- set. The British troops to re- main in their actual positions until the whole sum be paid ; but all the troops and the ships or war to return without the Bocca Tigris as soon as the whole be paid. Wantong also to be evacu- ated, but not to be armed by the Chinese until the difficulties are adjusted between the two govern- ments.” May 28. 1752. Action near Volcon- daii. — C hun dab Saib, being de- serted by a great portion of his 150 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May ZQ army, on the 18th May withdrew within the pagoda of Seringham, with no more than 2000 horse and 3000 foot, amongst whom 1000 Rajpoots undertook to defend the inner temples. The French oc- cupied Jumba Kistnah pagoda, the wall of which was stronger and more defensible ; and although the garrison was more numerous than his own force, the place was invested by Major Lawrence on the same day. In the meantime it was of the utmost importance that the convoy driven from Utatoor by Capt. Dalton should be destroyed. It had taken shelter at Volcondah, from which it was again advancing, when Capt. Clive, with 100 Europeans, 1000 sepoys, 1000 horse, with six field-pieces, marched on the evening of 27 th May to inter- cept it, and on the morning of the 28th he arrived at Utatoor. The French had reached within three miles of that place, when, suspecting Clive’s advance, they suddenly fell back. A small body of Mahrattas being sent in pur- suit, had the effect of merely amusing the enemy, who, thus retarded, were overtaken by the rest of the horse and the sepoys that had outmarched the Euro- peans. The enemy now hastily re- treated, harassed by the cavalry, and took up a position under the walls of Volcondah. The greater number of the sepoys had been in the service of the enemy at the siege of Arcot, but, enlisted by Clive, after the action of Arnee, had been repeatedly in action under that officer, and had ac- quired great confidence in them- selves. These men, advancing with great rapidity, but in little order, were not checked by a fire under which several fell ; but, rushing forward with the bayonet, drove all before them through the I barrier, while the cavalry charged upon both flanks, until the enemy, having gained the wall of the pettah, opened fire and checked their further advance. The Eu- ropeans now arriving up, forced the barrier, and drove the enemy into the fort. The English were preparing to blow in the gate,, when M. D’Anteuil hung out the white flag, and terms were soon . settled. The garrison, consisting of 100 Europeans, 400 sepoys, and 340 horse, surrendered; and, be- sides a quantity of military stores, booty to the amount of 10,000/. was secured. 1824. Stockades carried. — On the 10th May the expedition against Rangoon anchored within the bar of the river, and having silenced the fire of a feeble bat- tery, the troops were landed. They found the country entirely deserted, the inhabitants having retired, with all they possessed, far up the Irrawaddy. As their force increased, the enemy be- came more daring, and com- menced stockading themselves in the jungle within hearing of our advanced posts. On the morning of the 28th they had approached | so near with their stockades that Major-Gen. Sir Archibald Campbell thought it was time to punish their temerity. With ! four companies of Europeans, two ; field-pieces, and 400 sepoys, he moved against the foremost stockade, which being incom- I plete, the Burmese quitted it, and retired into the wood. The troops continued to move through the wood by a winding pathway, at every turn of which there was some breastwork or stockade that had been hastily aban- doned. After an advance of five miles, they suddenly entered a wide open field intersected by a rivulet, over which was a long May 29. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 151 narrow bridge. Here the enemy made a stand; but the fire of the field-pieces soon induced them to continue their retreat. At this juncture, a storm came on, and the rain fell in such torrents that the guns could be dragged no further. Sir Archibald, however, determined to proceed, leaving the 400 sepoys to guard the field- pieces. Arriving at the plain of Joamoang, he approached two villages, closely flanked by jungle on either hand; and both were defended by a stockade in front, filled with men, whilst large bo- dies of the enemy were forming around. Leaving one company to keep this force in check, Sir Archibald with the other three made a dash at the stockades, which the troops entered after a short opposition; and, rushing with the bayonet upon a confused living mass, the conflict was short, but very sanguinary. During the attack, the enemy in the plain, es- timated at 4000 men, made no hostile movement; but as soon as they saw our troops in possession of the stockades, they set up a hor- rid yell, and advanced towards them. The British now moved rapidly out of the works, and having formed, the Burmese wavered and fell back. As the day was drawing to a close, our troops marched slowly back to their quarters unmolested. The enemy left 300 dead in the stock- ades and adjacent fields, and many more were wounded. Our loss amounted to Lieut. H. How- ard, and two men, killed ; Lieuts. Mitchell and O’Halloran, and twenty men, wounded. May 29. 1780. Action at Walsaw. — Lieut.-Col. Tarleton, after a march of 105 miles in fifty-four hours, with 300 cavalry (the in- fantry of the legion mounted on horses), with a 3-pounder, came up with the rebel force, under Col. Burton, at Walsaw, near the line which divides North from South Carolina. It consisted of the 11th Virginia regiment and detach- ments of other corps, with ar- tillery and some cavalry. After a summons, terms similar to those accepted by Charlestown having been offered and positively re- jected, the action commenced in a wood. The enemy was at- tacked on both flanks; the front and reserve, by 270 cavalry and infantry blended. Both attacks were simultaneous, and equally victorious; few of the enemy es- caping, excepting the command ing officer by a precipitate flight. The Americans had 113 killed and 150 wounded: on the part of the English 2 officers and 3 men killed, 1 officer and 14 men wounded. 1804. Submission or Holkar. — During the pursuit of Holkar, after the Mahratta war had decided against him, Capt. Gordon, com- manding some native irregular troops, finding that the chief was encamped about five miles off, with three battalions of infantry, 3000 horse, and eleven guns, formed a junction with a detachment under Lieut. Lucan, of H M.’s 74th regiment. The enemy' having retired to a rocky pass, about five miles from Coterah, Capt. Gordon, although unable to make much impression with his limited force, was so fortunate as to induce Holkar to accede to terms, pledging himself and his troops not to serve again, against the English Government. 1841. Defeat of Giiilzie Rebels. — - A detachment under Lieut.-Col. Wymer, consisting of four companies of the 38th N.I., a 152 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 31, wing of the Sliah’s 1st cavalry, with two guns, having taken a position at Ascea Krunee on the evening of the 29th May, was attacked by a large force of Ghilzie rebels, on both flanks, with great impetuosity. But, somewhat checked by the well directed fire of the English artillery, and over- whelmed by the deadly volleys of musketry, the enemy again united, and. diverging to the left, lined the banks of the Turnuch river; the British taking a corresponding position. The rebels made se- veral attacks without any success, until 10 o’clock at night; when the chief, finding himself foiled in many attempts, ordered his fol- lowers to disperse, leaving 64 slain on the field. The English sustained but trifling loss. May 30. 1589. Surrender of Cas- cais. — The surrender of the castle of Cascais was the last success of the Earl of Essex, Sir Francis Drake, Gen. Sir Roger Williams, Norris, Sidney, and other valiant captains who had for the time overrun that part of Portugal, from Peniche to the capital, and thence to the mouth of the Tagus. The expedition under Drake left England the 18th of April, and returned the 1st of July. “ The Portugal Voy- age,” black letter, gives a very particular account of the whole invasion on behalf of Don An- tonio, the pretender to the throne of Portugal. Drake and Norris were the original commanders j chosen by Queen Elizabeth, but the Earl of Essex, falling in with their squadron at sea, joined j company, and together they seem j to have proceeded to Peniche. ; The main body of their troops j was there landed, and marched j across the country to Lisbon, m which city they overcame all re- sistance, with the loss of but few men, though the castle still held out. The ships went round to Cascais, at the entrance of the Tagus, seized upon the town, and invested the fort. The cause es- poused by Drake and Essex not being popular, and as there was little chance of plunder in the capital, the invaders collected their spoil, and marched from Lisbon to Cascais, meaning thence to embark. Before, how- ever, that this could be carried into execution, it was necessary that the fort should be gained. A few guns having been brought to bear against it, the garrison surrendered, on being allowed to march out with the honours of war. The fortifications were then destroyed, and the troops em- barked. May 31. 1740. Fort Moosa was aban- doned on the approach of Gen. Oglethorpe, who, with a small army of Carolina and Georgian forces, was on his march to the attack of St. Augustine, the ca- pital of Spanish Florida. 1779. Attack of Stoney Point. — Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, in command of the British forces at New York, having determined upon the reduction of the two strong posts of Stoney Point and fort La Fayette, held by the Americans on the Hudson, had embarked a detachment of troops for that service, when he received a fresh reinforcement from Vir- ginia, and the whole proceeded up the North River. Commodore Sir George Collier accompanied Sir Henry Clinton, who ordered the troops recently returned to proceed in their transports up the LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS OB; 1595 may 31. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 153 North River, and to form a junc- tion with those he had embarked. On the 30th of May, the whole sailed np the river, the commo- dore in the Raisonable leading the way, having with him the Camilla frigate, Vulture sloop, Cornwallis, Grant, and Philadel- phia galleys, and two gun-boats. About eight miles above Dobb’s ferry, the commodore, hoisting his pendant on board the Ca- milla, proceeded forward with the transports, and anchored that evening just out of cannon-shot of fort La Fayette, which the rebels had erected on Verplank’s Point. Next morning Major- Gen. Vaughan landed on the east side of the river, seven miles below fort La Fayette, whilst the commander-in-chief, with the 17th, 63rd, and 64th regiments, proceeded within three miles of Stoney Point, the important works of which were abandoned by the enemy, who fled to the neighbouring hills on his ap- proach, after setting their block- house on fire. Some shot were exchanged between the ships and fort La Fayette, while the troops were taking possession of Stoney Point which commanded it. In the night the artillery deemed necessary for the siege was landed, and with great la- bour the soldiers and sailors dragged them up the cliff and put them in position so as to command the strong works at fort La Fayette, which, though small, was a complete work, fur- nished with a block-house, double ditch, chevaux-de-frise, and aba- tis. Early in the morning a cannonade was opened from Stoney Point, and also from the vessels in the river. Major- Gen. Vaughan had by this time in- vested the fort in its rear ; and the garrison, unable either to hold out or escape, surren- dered at discretion. Thus two strong posts fell into the hands of the British troops. The works of Stoney Point were completed, and both efficiently garrisoned. June 1. 1794. Assault of Fout Biz- zoton. — Brigadier- Gen. com- manding the British troops at St. Nicolas Mole, St. Domingo, hav- ing determined to make an im- mediate attack upon Port au Prince, after leaving a sufficient garrison for the security of the mole, proceeded with the 22nd, 23rd, and 41st regiments (except their flank companies, which had been left at Martinique), with a detachment from some of the remaining regiments, in all 1465 rank and file, on board their transports, escorted by a ship of 74, two of 64 guns, three frigates, and three sloops, and arrived in the bay of Port au Prince on 31st May. Finding the situ- ation favourable to the plan of attack, the militia cavalry of Leo- gane was ordered to move on the Bizzoton road, where the right attack was to be made, and the Arcahaye cavalry by the left to the Salines, where the enemy were posted and intrenched with cannon. Two ships of the line and a frigate were then ordered against fort Bizzoton, and hav- ing taken their stations on the morning of 1st June, after a can- nonade of four hours, the fort was silenced. Three hundred men under Major Spencer then pro- ceeded towards the shore, and having effected a landing, had arrived within a small distance of the fort, when a violent thunder- storm occurred. Taking advan- tage of that circumstance, the British rushed forward and car- 154 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 2, ried the port by' assault, with the loss of Capt. Wallis, of the 22nd regiment, and six men, killed; Captain Daniell and three men wounded. 1760. The Cherokee Indians haying made frequent inroads on the North American settlers on the southern frontier, attended with many acts of the most bar- barous cruelty, a detachment under Lieut.-Col. Montgomery surprised a party of savages at Keowee, which they destroyed on 31st May; and on the 1 following day, Estaloe, the principal station of the Lower Cherokees, as well as the village of Sugartown, met the same fate. June 2. 1782. French defeated. — On the approach of the army under Sir Eyre Coote, consisting of H. M.’s 73rd and 78th regi- ments, two battalions of Madras, one of Bengal Europeans, and ten battalions of sepoys, with artil- lery, the enemy, after several days spent in vain attempts to reduce Wan de wash, fell back towards Pondicherry, while the British general for the third time brought relief to the garrison defending the beleaguered fortress. The en- emy, remaining in a strong position covering Pondicherry, were too advantageously situated to be at- tacked by an inferior force. Arnee being the place from which the enemy drew most of their sup- plies, the general made a rapid advance towards it, and on the 1st of June had arrived within four miles of that fort. On the morning of the 2nd, at dawn, whilst continuing its march, a heavy fire was opened upon the English rear-guard. Hyder’s whole force suddenly appeared, having made a forced march of ' forty- three miles ; and whilst the two armies were preparing for battle, Hyder detached a strong corps under Tippoo, which, besides reinforcing the garrison, carried away all the treasure from the place. After a succession of ma- noeuvres by both armies, the gre- nadiers of the 73rd regiment and Madras Europeans, in a charge by the Hon. Capt. Lindsay of the 73rd and Capt. Brown" of the Madras corps, one gun and eleven tumbrils were captured, and Dai- ly’s troops entirely dispersed. The want of sufficient cavalry alone prevented a disastrous rout to the enemy, and the capture of several guns. The loss on our part was but trifling, whilst that of the French was very considerable; but the 78th highlanders, having lately landed from a long voyage, were so unseasoned to the climate, that seventeen men died of fatigue, independent of those who fell in action. 1 7 83. Daraporam taken. — This strong fort was taken by assault on the 2nd June, during the march of the British under Cob Fullarton into Coimbetore, in their first campaign against Tippoo Saib, after the death of his fa- ther Hyder. 1813. Action at Morales. — The line of the Tonnes gained, the allied forces on the 27th and 28th of May pushed forward with their left towards Miranda and Zamora, and their right towards Toro. At daybreak on the 31st, some squadrons of hussars, with infantry holding by their stirrups, entered the stream at the ford of Almendra, and at the same time Gen. Graham approached the right bank with all his forces. The pontoons being laid, the co- lumns commenced passing, but several men, even of the cavalry, had been drowned at the fords. June 3, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 155 On the 1st of June, whilst the rear was still on the Esla, the ad- vance of the allies entered Za- mora, which the French eva- cuated after destroying the bridge, and retired upon Toro ; where, after also effecting the destruc- tion of the bridge, on the 2nd they again fell back, but their rear- guard was overtaken near the village of Morales by the hus- sar brigade under Col. Grant. Their cavalry speedily passed a bridge and swamp, under a sharp cannonade, and then facing about in two lines, gave battle. Major Roberts, with the 10th re- giment, supported by the 15th, immediately attacked them, and at the first charge broke both their lines, and then pursued them for two miles. Their loss exceeded 200 men; nevertheless they rallied on the infantry reserves. The junction of the allies wings on the Duero, was now secure, for that river was fordable, and Wel- lington, in case of failure, had made arrangements for forming a boat-bridge below the confluence of the Esla, whilst pontoons could be thrown without difficulty at Toro. June 3. 1752. Surrender of French Troops. — After the successes at Volcondah, Capt. Clive returned, on 30th May, to his camp, with his European prisoners and booty. On the following day, Chundah Saib, on the sacred promise of not being detained a prisoner and being properly used, was in- duced to deliver himself up to the Tangore general, who likewise gave him an assurance of safe passport to Carical. But Mo- naackjee broke his oath, seized and put in chains the captive prince. The possession of Chun- dah Saib created much jealousy and ill-feeling among all the na- tive allies, and was carried to such an extent that the existence of the confederacy was seriously endangered. In order to rid himself of so much anxiety and danger, Monaackjee came to the determination of taking the fallen prince’s life. The murderer was a Patan, who found the unfortunate man lying on the ground, unable from sickness to raise himself. The entrance of the assassin into his apartment immediately suggested to his victim the object of his intrusion. Having requested to see Monaackjee, to make a com- munication of importance, he was stabbed to the heart, and his head, severed from the body, was sent to the Nabob Mohamed Ally at Trichinopoly, who then for the first time saw the face of his rival. By the ignominious and cruel death of this unhappy prince, the war in the south of India was brought to a close. On the 3rd of June, the French force under Law, amounting to 800 Europeans and 2000 sepoys, with all their materiel and bag- gage, surrendered prisoners of war. Four mortars and thirty-one pieces of cannon, with large quantities of ammunition and stores, also fell into the hands of the British. 1813. Major George Taylor, commanding at Chambly, Isle aux Noix, observing two Ameri- can armed vessels proceeding up the river, despatched three gun- boats in pursuit ; at the same time directed two row-boats with two bateaux, having on board soldiers of the 100th regiment. After sharp firing, the two vessels, car- rying ten guns each, struck their colours, having one man killed and eight wounded. 156 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. June 5. June 4. 1794. Reduction of Port au Prince. — Brigadier- Gen. Whyte, following up his successes, as re- lated in our columns of 1st June, with the force under his com- mand, consisting of French pro- vincial royalists, the battalion companies of the 22nd, 23rd, and 41st regiments, and other troops, this day completed the object of the expedition under Rear-Adm. Ford from Jeremie and Cape St. Nicolas Mole, by the capture of Port au Prince. On the 2nd, 200 men, under the command of Col. Handheld, landed at Point Salines at nightfall, and imme- diately carried the post without loss. Early on the morning of the 3rd the Hermione and Iphigenia frigates got under weigh, and opened fire upon the battery and advanced post of Bernadon, to di- vert the enemy’s attention, whilst Col. Handheld effected a junction with a body of colonial cavalry under Col. La Pointe, and at the same time seized upon the bat- tery defending the landing-place on the left of Port au Prince. Preparations were now made for the landing of the main body of the troops ; but in consequence of bad weather coming on, the debarcation was deferred till the morrow. Meanwhile Col. Spencer, from fort Bizzoton, had marched with his detachment and a co- lonial force to unite with Col. Handheld in cutting off the es- cape of the garrison ; but during the night, advices were received on board the squadron that the commissaries, with the greater part of the French troops, had abandoned the town, escaping to Aux Cayes before the British could surround them. As soon as the sea-breeze had set in on the 4th, the men-of-w'ar got under sail, and the sea batteries, already in the possession of the detach- ments on shore, hoisted British colours, whilst the brigadier- general, with the main body of the troops, landed on the north side of the town. Lieut.-Col. Spencer at the same moment marched in on the south, and, meeting but little opposition, took possession of the principal posts. A royal salute was then fired by the batteries, and on board squadron, in honour of the day and the important advantage gained over the enemy in the surrender of Port au Prince. A numerous fleet of merchant ships were taken in the harbour, laden with sugar and coffee. The loss sustained by the British and French loyalists was but trifling. The army returns gave a total of one captain and eight rank and file killed, one captain, two rank and file wounded. The navy, five seamen killed, sixteen sea- men and marines wounded. June 5. 1563. Action near Havre. — At 7 o’clock in the evening the Reinsgrave, keeping a large body of horse and foot in re- serve, sent in advance one thou- sand infantry, with the intention of drawing the English garrison of Havre into action. Approach- ing near the new works raised by the English outside the town, they quickly found their antagonists, and a smart skirmish ensued. The French troops were con- stantly reinforced from their re- serve, while simultaneous attacks were at the same time made on several of the outworks ; so that the garrison having to appear at all points, the English fire w'as much divided. Still, as Hollings- hed remarks, “our countrymen June 6. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 157 verelie in this service, shewed that they were nothing degenerat from the valiant race of their noble progenitors.” At length the enemy were obliged to give way in every quarter, losing 500 men, Frenchmen, Gascons, and Spaniards, out of about 1000 en- gaged. The English loss was comparatively small, which may be attributed to the boldness with which they maintained their po- sition. 1758. Landing at St. Malo. — An expedition against the town of St. Malo, in Brittany, the naval part consisting of a ship of the line, four of 50 guns, ten frigates, and several smaller ves- sels, under the command of Com- modore Hon. Richard Howe, and the army, amounting to 14,000 men, in five brigades, commanded by Lieut. -Gen. the Duke of Marl- borough, embarked in transports, sailed from Spithead on the 1st of June. At the same time a fleet of twenty sail of the line, under Lord Anson, put to sea, with the object of cruising off Brest and to prevent the enemy sending a fleet to disturb the operations under Commodore Howe. After repeated delay, oc- casioned by the state of the wea- ther, the former fleet, on the 5th June, stood into Cancale Bay, two leagues to the eastward of St. Malo; and about 2 o’clock, the whole came to an anchor. Pre- parations were then made for the disembarkation; and the frigates having moved in shore and si- lenced a battery, the troops under Lieut.- Gen. Lord George Sack- ville and Major- Gens. Moyston and Drury, in the flat-bottomed boats, pushed for the shore. Under cover of the fire of the frigates, the landing was effected in perfect order, and a second debarkation, with ten field-pieces, was made before dark ; the troops then moved to a neighbouring hill, where they remained for the night. 1811. Siege of Badajos. — Fifteen pieces of cannon still played against the castle. During the night a fresh battery was traced out at only five hundred and twenty yards from the breach ; and on the Christoval side some new ones w'ere opened. The gar- rison now began to intrench them- selves behind the castle breach; before morning, their workmen were well covered, and two addi- tional pieces were made to plunge into the trenches with great effect. On the other hand, the fire of the besiegers had broken the clay bank, and the stray shells and shot set fire to the houses near the castle. June 6. 1761. Capture of Dominica. — A squadron of four ships of the line, under Commodore Sir James Douglas, with a body of troops, under the command of Lord Rollo, sailed from Basse Terre, Guadaloupe, on the 4th of June, and on the 6th anchored in the road of Roseau, the capital of the island of Dominica. Of- ficers were sent on shore, sum- moning the inhabitants to sur render, and two of the principal inhabitants immediately came off to treat for terms of capitulation. This proceeding was probably a feint to gain time, for when they were set on shore in the after- noon, the inhabitants appeared in arms at all their fortified posts, both in the town and on the heights above it, and expressed their determination to defend themselves to the last. Upon this, the commodore made the signal for the troops to prepare to land; and the ships moving 158 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 6. close to the shore, anchored with ! springs, and opened so warm a cannonade that the batteries ; were soon silenced. Under cover of their lire the troops landed in excellent order, and while part of them marched and took possession of the town, Lieut. - Col. Melville, leading the grena- diers, seized a battery and part of an adjoining intrenchment, which the enemy had aban- doned on his approach. Night fast approaching, Lord Rollo, apprehending the troops might sutler from the commanding posi- tion of the enemy, and conjec- turing that they would he consi- derably reinforced before morn- ing, resolved on an immediate attack. The grenadiers again taking the lead, Col. Melville drove the enemy from all their batteries and intrenchments in great confusion, and took post at their head-quarters. M. Long- prie, the governor, and several of the principal inhabitants were taken prisoners. The British loss was no more than two men killed and four wounded. On the follow- dav the whole island submitted. 1780. Action at Elizabeth- town. — General Knyphausen having determined on making an irruption into the Jerseys, in or- der to beat up the enemy’s quar- ters, and at the same time obtain a supply of cattle, sent a consi- derable detachment of troops from New York to Staten island ; from which place on the night of 6th June he passed over about 5000 men under Gens. Robertson, Tryon, and Stirling, to Elizabeth- town Point, and, after some op- position from the militia, reached the town early on the morning of the 7 th. On their march to Springfield, they set fire to the Connecticut farms ; but, finding that large bodies of troops were ! assembling, the detachment fell back to Elizabethtown. 1813. Action at Burling- ton Heights. — Brigadier- Gen. Vincent, commanding at Burling- ton Heights, having received an intimation that the Americans had advanced from Forty- Mile Creek, Lake Ontario, with 3500 men, including cavalry, with eight field-pieces, sent forward the light companies of the 8th and 49th regiments, under Lieut.-Col. Harvey, to reconnoitre. The enemy had then passed the swamp, after driving in the En- glish posts, and had encamped in fancied security. Brigadier- Gen. Vincent, determined on an immediate attack, again moved forward with five companies of the 8th and 49 th regiments, in all 704 men. The Americans were taken by surprise, and driven from them camp. They, how- ever, rallied; and re-forming in detached bodies, returned to the attack, hut were as frequently repulsed. The action continued through the night ; but before dawn the enemy gave up the con- test, leaving Brigadier-Generals Chandler and Winder, their first and second in command, and upwards of 100 officers and non- commissioned officers, in the hands of the British; three guns, a brass howitzer, and some tum- brils were also taken. Having spiked the guns, the British re- tired with their prisoners at day- break, and regained their canton- ments. The enemy having re- turned to their camp, destroyed all the materials of war which they could not carry off, and then commenced a precipitate retreat towards the Forty- Mile Creek, where they met a rein- forcement of 2000 men from Niagara.' Brigadier-Gen. Vin- cent gives the highest praise to June 7. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 159 Lieut.-Col. Harvey, the deputy- adjt.-gen. in the field, Major Plen- derleath, who commanded the 49th regiment and led some bril- liant charges of the bayonet against the enemy, and also Major Ogilvie, in command of the companies of the 8th regiment. June 7. 1598. St. Juan de Puerto Rico. — An expedition, under Lord George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, having landed from a British squadron on the 6th of June on the island of St. Juan de Puerto Rico, a fatiguing march brought the earl and 1000 men close to an arm of the sea, the causeway across which was brave- ly defended by the Spaniards. The English suffered much, and were beaten back ; but the next day a ship of the expedition, run- ning close up to the causeway and the fort which defended it, so battered the enemy’s works that they were abandoned by their defenders, and the landing was effected. 1761. Surrender of Belle- isle. — The expedition under Commodore Keppel and Major- Gen. Hodgson, which effected a landing on the island of Belleisle on the 22nd of April, has already been mentioned in its proper place. After the redoubts of the town of Palais, the capital, were carried, as shown on the 13th of May, the firing continued against the citadel, and ap- proaches were made against the town. The batteries being esta- blished, and some days of un- remitting fire having effected a breach, preparations were made to carry the place by storm, when General De Ste. Croix, the go- vernor, capitulated upon honour- able terms, on the 7th of June; and the following day the British troops marched into the fortress. 1762. Landing at the Ha- va nnaii. — The Earl of Albemarle, with a strong force, this day landed on the island of Cuba from the British squadron under Commodore Keppel, detached from the fleet of Admiral Sir George Pocock. The landing took place about six miles to the eastward of the Moro point and fortress, the Mercury and Bonetta sloops scouring the shore with their fire. The enemy appearing afterwards in greater force, as if about to interrupt the passage of the troops across the Coxi- mar, Capt. Hon. A. Hervey, in the Dragon, 74, ran in and battered the castle, which in a short time he silenced, and the whole army passed without opposition to take up its position for the siege of the Havannah. 1813. Fort San Felipe sur- renders. — Lieut.-Col. Prevost, with a brigade, consisting of the 2nd battalion of the 67th and Dillon’s regiment, with royal ar- tillery and two field-pieces, hav- ing been detached from the army under Lieut. -Gen. Murray, em- barked in a squadron which be- came under the orders of Capt. Adam in H. M. S. Invincible. On the 3rd June the brigade landed about a mile to the east- ward of the entrance to the pass from Tarragona. Here, joined by some Spanish troops, Lieut.- Col. Prevost advanced and pre- pared to invest the fort of San Felipe. By great exertions, the sailors and soldiers got the guns into position, and the fire upon the fort was very effective. On the 4th, terms were offered to the garrison, but rejected. The fire continued, other batteries were raised, and a tremendous cannonade kept up till some of 160 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. Jane 8* the powder magazines of the fort exploded. On the 7th the gar- rison surrendered, on the condi- tion that they were to march out, ground their arms, and de- part with their baggage. June 3. 1758. LaxdingatLouisbourg. — A fleet of twenty-one ships of the line, two of 50 guns, and se- veral frigates, with transports con- veying an army of 11,936 men, commanded by Major-General Amherst, sailed from Spithead on 19th February, and arrived at Halifax on 9 th May. The destination of this armament being for the reduction of Cape Breton, the fleet, amounting to 157 sail, again put to sea on the 28th; but, owing to the tempestuous state of the weather, did not reach Gabarus Bay, seven miles west of Louisbourg, until the 2nd June. The French were fully prepared to receive them, having a chain of posts from Cape Noir to the Flat-Point, and redoubts from thence to the bottom of the bay. The landing was to take place in three divisions ; those of the right and centre were to be only feints, while that on the left was meant as the real attack. The violence of the surf, how- ever, prevented any operations until the 8th, and this interval enabled the enemy to strengthen their works and keep up a fire upon the ships within reach of their guns. Early in the morning the troops were in the boats ; and as soon as the covering ships had made some impression by their fire, the division under Brigadier- Gen. Wolfe, consisting of four companies of grenadiers, followed by 550 light infantry and com- panies rangers, supported by the highlanders, and then by the remaining companies of grena- diers, moved towards the shore. Not a shot was fired by the ene- my until the boats had neared the shore on the left of Kenning- ton Cove, when they opened a destructive discharge of grape and musketry. The surf aided their efforts, many boats being destroyed ; but the intrepidity of Gen. Wolfe overcame every ob- stacle. The troops, jumping into the water, readily formed on the beach, and then rushed upon the enemy with such impetuosity that they were driven from their posts in confusion, leaving along the shore three 24-pounders, seven 9 -pounders, seven 6 -pounders, two mortars, and 14 swivels. Meanwhile the centre division, under Brigadier-Gen. Lawrence, composed of the 15th, 22nd, 35th, 45th regiments, and 2nd bat- talion of Americans, landed at the Fresh- Water Cove, and the right, under Brigadier- General Whitmore, consisting of 2nd bat- talion royal regiment, 17th, 47th, 48th, 58th regiments, and 3rd battalion royal Americans, fol- lowed the centre. The boats re- turned to the transports -with great despatch, and before night the whole army had disembarked. Scarcely had this been effected when a violent storm arose which prevented any communication with the fleet for several days. 1776. American's repulsed. — While the transports which had brought the reinforcement under Gen. Burgoyne from England were lying about three miles above Trois Rivieres, under the protection of the Martin sloop, the rebels embarked at Sorell up- wards of 2000 men under com- mand of Major-Gen. Thompson, in fifty large boats, and, crossing the St. Lawrence, landed at the Pointc du Lai before daylight June 9. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 161 on the 8th June, and immediately marched to surprise the British force at Trois Rivieres. Bri- gadier-Gen. Fraser was, however, on the alert, and as soon as the outposts of the 62nd regiment were attacked, putting himself at the head of the troops, he moved towards the approaching enemy, already assailed by the 62nd under Lieut. -Col. Anstru- ther. Brigadier- General Nesbit, commanding the ships in the river, immediately made the sig- nal for the troops on hoard the transports to disembark, and, on reaching the shore, moved to in- tercept the enemy, who by this time -were retreating before Gen. Fraser ; hut the rebels, on find- ing themselves thus attacked, fled precipitately through the wood towards Montreal, pursued by the British, who succeeded in cutting off a great number, whilst the remainder, regaining their boats, escaped. The second in command, several other officers, and above 200 men, were made prisoners. 1796. The fort as well as the parish of Bombarde, in the island of San Domingo, in pos- session of the French republican troops, this day surrendered to a British force under Brigadier- Gen. Whyte. Jtme 9 . 1781. In our columns for the 22nd of May we related the failure of Gen. Greene’s attempt to break ground before the fort of Ninety-six. The siege con- tinued, and by the 3rd of June their second parallel was complete. The adjt.-general of the American army was then sent to summon the garrison. In reply, Lieut.-Col. Cruger, commanding the fort, sent a message that he intended to defend himself to the last ex- tremity. The enemy’s batteries reopened, the approaches ad- vanced, and other batteries were raised. The Americans now tried to set fire to the houses in the fort, but they were foiled in this attempt by the commandant un- roofing the barracks; and cheer- fully did both officers and men re- main exposed to the weather dur- ing the remainder of the siege. Col. Lee, with a reinforcement, now co-operated with Gen. Greene, by making approaches against a stockade fort on the left of the village, while the original besieg- ing party continued their attacks against the star fort. On the night of the 9th of June two gallant and successful sorties were made from the garrison to the right and left; the right pene- trated the enemy’s territory, and destroyed a mine that was to have been carried under a curtain of the star fort; the commanding officer of engineers, who was in- specting the works, being wounded before he could make his escape. The left sallying party fell in with a small body of the Americans covering the siege operations : this detachment they defeated, bayo- neting several of the enemy, and making the commanding officer prisoner. 1818. The town, fort, and dis- trict of Ajmeer surrendered to Brigadier Knox; an important acquisition, removing the Mah- rattas and their influence from Rajpootana, and giving this country an opportunity of re- covering itself under British guidance. June 10. 1761. Four companies of the 2nd battalion of the 1st or royals, under Major Hamilton M 162 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. June 10. two companies of the 17th, three companies of the 22nd, besides provincial troops, proceeded from fort Prince George, and routed a large body of Indians on the 10th of June, in the heart of the Che- rokee country, making these war- riors sue for peace. 1796. The French island of Grenada surrendered by capitula- tion to the British force under command of Major-Gen. Nicholls. 1796. Surrender of the New Vigie. — A British force, under Lieut. -Gen. Abercromby, landed on the island of St. Vincent on the evening of the 8th June, and on the following day marched in one column as far as Stubbs, about eight miles from Kingstown, each division halting opposite their respective points of attack. On the morning of the 10th the enemy’s flank was turned, and with some difficulty, two 12- pounders, two 6-pounders, and, two howitzers were advanced within 600 yards of their works ; but, notwithstanding a well di- rected fire, they maintained them- selves in their post in the Old Vi- gie until the afternoon. A part of Lowenstein’s corps and two com- panies of the 42nd regiment, with some island rangers, lodged them- selves within a short distance of the fort, and at two o’clock being reinforced by the two remaining companies of the 42nd and the 3rd regiment, and the York rangers, moved forward and drove the enemy from the first, second, and third redoubts; but they rallied round their principal post, the New Vigie. Meanwhile Brigadier- Gen. Knox had cut off their com- munication with the Caribs ; and Lieut.-Col. Dickins, of the 34th, having previously, with part of his own and the 2nd West India regi- ments, forced the Caribs to retire and taken their post, the enemy in the New Vigie were compelled to capitulate on terms, and seven hundred men were made priso- ners. 1824. Li the advance on Kem- mendine, during the Burmese war, a small stockade, desperately de- fended, was carried by assault by the force under Major- Gen. Sir Archibald Campbell. The storming party consisted of de- tachments from H. M.’s 38th and 41st, and the Madras European regiments. The enemy had 300 killed, and the loss of the English was also severe. 1841. Badamee, a strong fort in the Belgaum Zillah, in the pos- session of some insurgent Arabs, was besieged by a force con- sisting of detachments under command of Major A. Johnson, 26th regiment N. I. The breach of the pettah being practicable, the storming parties moved for- ward. Upon this the Arabs abandoned their defences, and the British troops, under a heavy fire from two upper forts, oc- cupied the pettah on the 9 th of June. On the 10th, a mortar battery having been established against the upper forts, the Arab garrison surrendered. 1842. During an insurrection in Bundlecund, on the morning of the 10th of June a detachment of the 8th light cavalry, under Capts. Moore and Studdy and Cornet Swinton, fell in with a company of the 13th regiment N. I., commanded by Captain Mitchell, engaged with a body of the insurgents nearly 5000 strong. Capt. Moore instantly charged the dense mass of the enemy, and routed the whole force. The 13th regiment lost 6 killed and 17 wounded. Captain Moore was wounded in the charge by a matchlock-ball. June 11. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 1G3 June 11. 1420. Surrender of Sens. — Henry V. of England, affianced to the daughter of Charles VI., King of France, being made Re- gent of that kingdom by his in- tended father-in-law, took part with him against the Dauphin. In company with that monarch, he besieged and took the town of Sens in Burgundy, held by the Dauphin’s party ; which place sur- rendered, after four days’ siege, on the 1 1 th of June. 1762. Reduction of the Ha- vannah. — At the siege of the Ha- vannah, Col. Carleton, command- ing the advance-guard, was sent forward on the 8th of June to the village of Gunnamacoa, close to which he discovered and at- tacked a large force of the enemy, which he dispersed before the Earl of Albemarle came up to his aid. On the 10th, the Moro hill, as well as the Moro fort, were invested by the grenadiers and light infantry ; and on the 11th, at one o’clock in the after- noon, they carried the redoubt by assault, meeting with but slight resistance. 1775. After the battle of Arras, recorded in our columns for the 18th of May, the army of Mut- seddies might have been destroyed had the English followed up their enemy ; but Ragoba’s troops refusing to push forward, the pur- suit was discontinued. On the 11th of June, the British again came up with the Mutseddies at Bowapoor, on the banks of the Nerbuddah, and the result showed how much might have been ef- fected had the pursuit been earlier undertaken. Immediately that our troops appeared in sight, the Mut- seddies struck their tents, and, throwing their guns into the river, commenced a retreat. The light troops attacked the rear of the enemy, many of whom were slain and some baggage taken. Here again Ragoba’s troops refused to advance across the Nerbuddah until they received their arrears of pay, which not forthcoming, the Mutseddies continued their re- treat unmolested, and they aban- doned the province of Guzerat. 1824. The advance of the army continued after the taking of the stockade recorded in a preceding column, which soon had the fami- liar cognomen of “ stay and tiff ; ” but it was not till nightfall that the British reached the walls of Kemmendine. Athough the rain fell in torrents, nothing checked the ardour of the troops, and bat- teries were at once thrown up. At daybreak a fire was opened upon the bamboo stockades, but it was found impossible to make a breach in such material. The order for assault was then given, but on the storming parties arriv- ing close upon the enemy’s works, they were found to be abandoned. June 12. 1791. The fortress of Gun- gestoh, held by the troops of Tippoo Saib, surrendered this day to the forces of the Nizam, co- operating with an English detach- ment; at the same time a valuable and extensive territory fell under the dominion of the British ally. 1813. French beaten at Hor- millas. — The Allies crossed the Carion on the 7th of June, and the French under Joseph Bona- parte had retired by the highroad to Burgos, while Reille, forming the right wing, moved by Castro Xerez. Wellington meanwhile pushed his left wing and the Gal- licians along by bye-roads, and passed the upper Pisuerga on the 8th, 9 th, and 10th. Having thus 164 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. June 13; outflanked Reille, he halted on the 12th, but nevertheless pushed his right wing, under General Hill, along the main road to Bur- gos, to gain the castle; while Ju- lian Sanchez, acting beyond the Arlanzan, cut off all straggling detachments. Reille having re- gained the great road to Burgos, was strongly posted behind the Hormaza river, barring the road to that city, while the other two armies were in reserve in rear of Estepar. But Wellington’s co- lumns arriving on the 12 th, the light division, preceded by Grant’s hussars and Ponsonby’s dragoons, immediately turned the Erench right, whilst the remainder of the army attacked the whole range of heights from Hormillas to Estepar. Reille, on seeing the allied horse- men in rear of his right, made for the bridge of Baniel on the Arlanzan. He then became ex- posed to a raking fire from Gar- diner’s horse artillery, and being sharply charged by the 14th dra- goons under Captain Milles, some prisoners were taken, and a gun was also captured. The Allies pressed forward towards the bridge of Baniel to cut off the enemy’s retreat, but the Erench, notwithstanding the heavy can- nonade to which they were ex- posed, observed a rapid, yet or- derly movement ; and finally crossed the river with trifling loss. The three Erench armies being now covered by the Urbel and Arlanzan rivers, could not be easily attacked ; and the stores of Burgos were removed; but in the night King Joseph again re- treated along the high road by Briviesca to Pancorbo. June 13. 1758. During the operations at the reduction of Louisbourg, the Erench garrison made frequent sorties to obstruct the progress of the siege. On the 13th June, while our men were employed in making a communication from right to left in front of the camp, and in erecting three redoubts, the enemy made a vigorous sally from the garrison, but were driven back with the loss of five killed and forty wounded. 1783. Battle of Cuddalore. — On the 21st April, the army of Arcot, consisting of 1660 Euro- peans, 8000 sepoys, and 1000 Nabob’s cavalry, moved forward to attempt the reduction of Cud- dalore ; but it was not until the 4th June that this force under Gen. Stewart reached the banks of the Panar, about five miles west of the boundary hedge with- in which the Erench were in- trenched. The north and west faces having been much strength- ened, General Stewart moved the army across the Panar on the 5th, and on the 7th encamped within two miles from the south face of Cuddalore, in a strong position— the right flank resting on the sea, its left on the Banda- polam hills, and the ground in front covered with brushwood and Palmyra trees. On the same day, the Marquis de Bussey withdrew his army, consisting of 3000 European infantry, 3500 Caffres and sepoys, and 3000 infantry, with 2000 cavalry of Tip- poo’s from the north side, and took up a portion on the south, facing the British ; and both armies continued strengthening their works until the 13th. Early on that morning, Lieut.- Colonel Kelly attacked and carried a battery on the enemy’s right, which flanked Tippoo’s sepoys ; and turned the guns upon the enemy. The centre division, un- der Cols. Elphinstone and Wan- June 14. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 165 genheim, attacked a large redoubt in front, whilst the division on the right, under General Bruce, also made a forward movement. The centre attack did not succeed, but the right division, led by Colonels Stewart and Cathcart, supported by Kelly’s brigade, rapidly ad- vancing, soon occupied it, and compelled the enemy to retire in confusion. The British, notwith- standing the heavy fire of the several batteries, continued to advance along the line of in- trenchments, driving the enemy before them, and eventually took possession of the large redoubt situated on a rising ground with- in range of the guns on the ram- parts of Cuddalore, and com- manding the whole of the works. This sanguinary conflict did not terminate until 5 p. m., when the firing ceased on both sides. The loss on the part of the British amounted to 1030 killed and wounded. The enemy acknow- ledged a loss of 900. 1 7 94. At the reduction of Gua- daloupe, the French having cross- ed the harbour from the town of Pointe-a-Petre, and encamped at St. Jean, the opposite point, were attacked on the night of the 13th by Brigadier- Gen. Dundas, and completely routed ; with loss of many killed and wounded, their colours, baggage, and a field- piece. Major Ross of the 31st re- giment had an opportunity of par- ticularly distinguishing himself. 1811. The advanced guard of the French appearing at Los Santos, a detachment from the division of Major- Gen. Erskine, composed of 2nd hussars and 3rd dragoons, under Lieut. Streno- witz, sent forward to reconnoitre, attacked a superior force of the enemy, whom he defeated, and made some prisoners. 1812. On the anniversary of the gallant exploit we have just recorded, Lieut. Strenowitz again distinguished himself. On the 13th June that officer marched, with fifty men of the 3rd dra- goons, to fetch off some of the En- glish prisoners left by the French in the village of Maquilla. He was met by eighty French horse- men, whom he attacked and over- threw, with the loss of only one man, whilst the enemy had many killed, and an officer and twenty men taken prisoners. June 14. 1560. On this day was fought one of the last skirmishes be- tween the French and English near Leith. Two detachments of the contending parties meeting near Mount Pelham, the French were defeated with the loss of 70 killed and 16 taken prisoners. 1658. Battle of Dunkirk. — The United Provinces having concluded a peace with Spain in 1653, the King of France courted an alliance with the English ; and on 3rd Dec. 1655, entered into a treaty of alliance with them. The Dunkirkers were so successful in their armaments against the En- glish and French merchant ships, that in 1656 measures were taken for laying siege to that town. Cromwell sent 6000 troops, with pay for six months, to join the French army under Viscomte de Turenne, who, after several con- quests in Flanders in 1657, having besieged and taken the fort of Mardyck, put that fortress into the hands of the English. In 1658 the French laid siege to Dunkirk, whilst an English naval force blockaded the port. On the 6th of June the trenches were opened for two attacks, one in- tended against the front of Nieu- port by the French, the other by the English, against the front on m 3 166 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 15. which the citadel has since been j constructed. The trenches were | pushed forward with all possible expedition, and by the 10th were so far advanced that the besiegers were ready to attempt a lodgment on the covered way. Meanwhile, the Spanish army as- sembled in great force at Ypres, and on the 13th appeared before Dunkirk, but without their artil- lery, and without even the pre- caution of intrenching them- selves. Turenne becoming ac- quainted with this circumstance, determined on giving them battle before their cannon could arrive up. At daybreak on the 14th the allies moved to the attack, with 9000 infantry and 6000 horse, formed in two lines, with cavalry on the wings and in re- serve. The Spanish army, under Don Juan of Austria and the Prince de Conde, consisting of 6000 foot and 8000 horse, was formed in two lines extending from the strand to the fields. The English, commanded by Major-Gen. Morgan, commenced the attack about 8 o’clock with an intrepidity that excited the admiration of both armies, and drove the Spaniards from their position on one of the downs, where they planted the English colours. Meanwhile the Marquis de Crequi charged the left wing, and the Marquis de Castelneau, leading his division along the shore, assailed their right. The French infantry having joined the English on the other side of the down, attacked the Spanish reinforcement advancing to sup- port the troops driven from that position ; and, after a short con- test put them to flight. The Marquis de Crequi having boldly advanced, was nearly overpower- ed by the enemy’s cavalry ; but Turenne, seeing his critical situ- | ation, put himself at the head of the cavalry of the right 'wing, with several battalions of foot, and moved rapidly to his sup- port. In a short time the Spa- niards were compelled to give wav, and, although rallied several times by the Prince de Conde, they fled in disorder and confu- sion, pursued by the victorious troops to Fumes. The garrison of Dunkirk, amounting to 600 horse and 1200 foot, though cut off from all hope of relief, still held out with the same vigour as before ; nor did it capitulate until the 24th, ' which was the eighteenth day after opening the trenches. The King of France having taken possession of Dun- kirk, immediately put the place in possession of the English, who retained it until 1662, when Charles II. sold it for 218,750/., to Louis XIV. 1645. Battle of Naseby. — In the battle fought on 14th June near this place the main body of the royal army was commanded by Lord Astley ; Prince Rupert led the right wing, Sir Marma- duke Langdale the left, and King Charles L in person headed the reserve. The Parliamentary forces under Fairfax obtained a complete victory, which was de- cisive of the fate of the unfortu- nate monarch, who was obliged to abandon the field, with the loss of all his cannon and baggage, and 5000 men made prisoners. June 15. 1745. Reduction of Loxjis- bourg. — The expedition fitted out at Boston in this year against Louisbourgh, the army under the orders of Col. Pepperell and the navy under Commodore War- ren, has been already noticed in a preceding column. The land- ing having been effected, the June 16. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 167 town was regularly placed under siege by sea and land. Although the British efforts were unsuccess- ful in an attempt to carry the island battery on the 27th May, yet, un- dismayed by this reverse, the be- siegers continued their works with great activity. . Their batteries played so fiercely on the town, that the French were sorely dis- tressed by their unremitting fire. They now learnt that the fleet, which they had hoped would have arrived to their assistance, was blocked up at Brest by a British squadron; and by the 14th June they felt that the climax of their fate had arrived, for everything intimated an immediate attack by sea and land. On the 15th the besieged sent out a flag of truce, proposing to surrender the place. Upon this, the British batteries ceased firing, and terms were agreed upon, as proposed by Gen. Chambon, the governor, stipula- ting that the French should be conveyed to France. On the morning of the 17 th the British colours were hoisted on the island battery; in the afternoon the squadron entered the harbour, and before sunset the whole of the fortifications were delivered up. 1768. At the onset of the in- vasion of the Mysore, by the British army under Gen. Smith, an advanced guard was pushed forward into the country under the command of Col. Dugald Campbell. The force under that officer’s command consisted of a detachment from the Madras Eu- ropean regiment, a small body of cavalry, some artillery, and three battalions of sepoys. After ascend- ing the pass of Boodicottah, the first blow was struck against the Mysore territory by the capture of the fort of Vencatigherry on 15th June, 1768. June 16. 1743. Battle of Dettingen. — The allied forces, consisting of British, Hanoverians, and Hes- sians, amounting to 52,000 men, commanded by King George II. of England in person, having under him the Earl of Stair, defeated the French army of 60,000 under Marshal Nordics, near the village of Dettingen, on the river Maine. The French passed a defile, which they should have been con- tent to guard; and the Duke de Grammont, heading the cavalry, charged the British foot with great fury, but was received with such intrepidity that he was obliged to give way, and to repass the Maine. The French army was then totally defeated, with the loss of 5000 men. 1815. Battle of Quatre Bras. — Napoleon Bonaparte hav- ing assembled an army of about 125.000 men, composed in a great measure of veteran troops, of whom 25,000 were cavalry, and 350 pieces of artillery, advanced to the Belgian frontier on the 14th June. At that time the Duke of Wellington’s head-quar- ters were at Brussels: his force in the field amounted to about 76.000 men; and on his left lay the Prussian army of 80,000 men, under Marshal Blucher, whose head-quarters were at Namur. During the night of the 14th, Bonaparte, crossing the Sambre, moved upon Charleroi, and the Erench advanced columns fell upon the Prussian outpost just as day was dawning. Information of the enemy’s approach reached Wellington at three o’clock the same afternoon, and orders were immediately conveyed to the va- rious corps to move towards the scene of action. The Duke and many officers of regiments quar- m^4 1G8 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 16* tered in Brussels were present that night at a hall giyen by the Duchess of Richmond; and about midnight the general officers, being warned, quietly disappeared, their subordinates also repairing to their respective posts. By this time the troops were mustering, and before sunrise on the 16th June all were marching to battle. On the 15th, whilst Napoleon’s head-quarters were established at Charleroi, Blucher had concen- trated his army upon Sombref, oc- cupying the villages of St. Amand and Ligny; and in the evening Marshal Ney attacked a brigade of the army of the Netherlands, under the Prince of Weimar, and forced it back to a farm-house on the road, called “Quatre Bras” from the local circumstance that the roads from Nivelles to Namur intersect each other at this point, and form, as it were, four arms. Early on the morning of the 1 6th, the Prince of Orange, who had re- inforced Weimar’s brigade, push- ed back Ney’s advanced guard, and recovered some of the ground that had been lost on the pre- ceding evening. Skirmishing con- tinued until nearly midday, and about half-past two, Gen. Picton arrived up with the 5th division, soon followed by the corps of Brunswick and Nassau. The French now massing their co- lumns, Bonaparte directed his attack upon Blucher, whilst Ney gathered his strength near Qua- tre Bras. The Prussians, after making a desperate resistance in the villages of St. Amand and Ligny, retired in the night to Wavre, where Grouchy, with 32,000 men, followed them on the 1 7th. Meanwhile Ney, having con- centrated 40,000, about 3 o’clock on the 1 6th commenced his attack, with two heavy columns of in- fantry, a large body of cavalry, and 50 guns. Although the Allies at that moment were not more than 19,000, and of those only 4500 were British infantry, they repelled eveiy effort of the enemy. The 3rd division under Gen. Alten now reinforced Picton’s fifth, just as Ney made another determined attack upon the left. Being defeated in his attempt to break the unflinching squares of infantry, he tried the right of the position of Quatre Bras, and, ad- vancing under cover of a wood, attacked with such impetuosity that the Belgian infantry were giving way, when Gen. Cooke, coming up with a part of the English guards, the enemy were again repulsed, and driven out of the wood in great confusion. Availing themselves of their great superiority of cavalry, the French made some daring and destructive charges. Falling rapidly upon the 42nd highlanders in a field of rye, the cuirassiers cut off two companies before they could gain the square, and killed their gal- lant colonel. Whilst the 44th was engaged in front with infan- try, they were suddenly attacked by lancers in the rear. There was no time for forming square; the rear-rank therefore faced about, and, in line, they beat off the horsemen with very severe loss. The conflict was altogether very severe, with heavy loss on both sides; but the British com- mander had succeeded in his pre- sent great object, which was to prevent Ney turning Blucher’s right, and thus throw himself between the Prussians and the British. The two great battles fought on this day were only preludes to the greater massacre at Waterloo; yet at Ligny Blucher -bad lost in killed and wounded about 11,000 men, and Wellington at Quatre Bras had June 17. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 169 350 killed and 2380 wounded. On the part of the French there fell above 4000, and among the slain were many distinguished officers. June 17. 1748. Assault of Cuddalore repulsed. — M. Dupleix, in com- mand of the French force at Pondi- cherry, after several unsuccessful attempts to surprise Cuddalore, despatched 800 Europeans and 1000 sepoys, to make a detour, which brought ^hem into the neighbourhood of the English settlement on the morning of the 17tli of June. Major Lawrence, in command of the British at St. David’s, being apprised of the enemy’s approach, towards even- ing made a pretence of removing the garrison and guns of Cudda- lore to St. David’s, as though he considered the former not tena- ble. At nightfall he with great caution returned to the fortress, with a garrison much augmented from St. David’s ; and having re- established himself in his old quarters without being perceived by the enemy, awaited the result. At midnight the French; having silently approached and placed the scaling-ladders, ascended the walls, when a shower of grape- shot and a deadly discharge of musketry swept them to the earth. The survivors, without waiting for a further demonstra- tion that the English were de- termined to hold their own, hastily retired to their camp, in the hills of Bandapolam, and rested not till they were under the guns of Pondicherry. 1755. Lieut.-Col. Monckton, with the British force which had already been successful in taking the fort of Beausejour, this day received the submission of fort Gaspereau, on the river of that name, in Nova Scotia. 1775. Battle of Bunker’s Hill. — On the 8th June the American Congress resolved “ That the compact between the crown and the people of Massa- chusetts’ bay is dissolved.” The rebels in Charlestown, anticipat- ing a movement of the king’s troops, on 16th June erected works on Bunker’s Ilill, and dur- ing the night raised intrench- ments and constructed a formid- able redoubt. On the morning of the 17th, a fire from the guns of the Lively frigate was directed at the working party upon the hill, but the Americans perse- vered in their labours with so much firmness that Gen. Gage resolved on an immediate attack on a po- sition of such importance, where the Americans had assembled in considerable force. In the houses of Charlestown they had also posted a large body of troops, while their centre and left flanks were protected by a breastwork partly cannon-proof ; and these works reached from the left of the redoubt to the Mystic river. Ten companies of grenadiers and ten of light infantry, with the 5th, 38th, 43rd, and 52nd regiments, under Major-Gen. Howe, were landed about noon on Charles- town Point, under cover of the fire of the squadron. The troops formed in perfect order, — the light infantry, under Brigadier- General Pigot, posted on the right; the gre- nadiers on the left ; in rear of these the 5th and 38th regiments ; and the 43rd and 52nd in a third line. Shortly afterwards it was deemed necessary to land a reinforcement, consisting of some companies of grenadiers and light infantry, the 47th regiment, and the battalions of marines. The whole were then formed into .two lines, and 170 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 18. immediately advanced towards the ' enemy’s works, firing occasionally from the field-pieces and how- j itzers. Not a shot was discharged by the enemy until our troops were close upon them, when they opened such a destructive fire that it somewhat staggered the as- sailants, who, after suffering se- vere loss, fell back in some disor- der, until the animating presence of Gen. Howe restored confidence ; and then they rallied, and again moved forward upon the enemy. At this time the left wing sus- tained much loss from the fire directed upon them from the houses in Charlestown ; but these were speedily destroyed by red- hot shot from the ships. The at- tack was now renewed, and the British, rushing into the intrench- ments with the bayonet, drove the gallant enemy from every part of the works across the pen- insula, leaving five pieces of cannon in our possession. Of the rebel force of 5000 men only 30 of the killed remained in the re- doubt. In this hardly-earned victory the British loss amounted to 226 killed, 828 wounded ; making a total of 1054 killed and wounded. June 18. 1781. Successful Sortie. — The Americans, under General Green, aware of the approach of a force under Lord Rawdon for the relief of Ninety-six, resolved on making another assault. On the 18th June, at noon, under a heavy fire, they effected a lodg- ment in the ditch of the fort ; but two parties, of 30 men each, un- der Capts. Campbell and French, rushing from the sallyport, at- tacked them with such determina- tion that the whole were either killed or wounded. The next day the American army was in full retreat. 1813. Action near Sax Mil- lax. — Gen. Maucune, in order to form a junction with Reille at Osma, marched over the Aracena ridge instead of moving by the Puente Lara, and his leading bri- gade had halted near the village of San Millan, in the valley of Boveda. Suddenly the light di- vision, moving parallel with Gra- ham’s corps, appeared on some rising ground in their front. The British riflemen instantly dashed down the hill with loud cries, followed by the 52nd in support, and the French retreated. At this moment the second French brigade, followed by the baggage, came hastily out of a cleft on the right. A confused fight now commenced ; and, as the enemy moved up a hill, the 52nd met them on the summit, and, after some resistance, the French fled towards Miranda, while the first brigade, retreating towards Es- pejo, were pursued by the rifle- men. 1815. Battle of Waterloo. — The night of 17th June was one of heavy and incessant rain, accompanied by thunder and lightning. Amid such a storm the troops of two mighty armies laid down within cannon-shot of each other. The allied forces under Wellington were posted on the field of Waterloo, about twelve miles from Brussels, with the forest of Soignies, eight miles in width, intervening. Their posi- tion extended a little more than two miles, from a ridge on the road to Wavre, to a series of heights in the rear of the Chateau of Hougoumont. From the sum- mit of the ridge the ground sloped backwards, so as to hide the re- serves, and to keep the front itself concealed, till the moment June 18. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 171 for action had arrived. In front of the left stood the farm of La Haye Sainte, abutting upon the road from Charleroi to Genappe, and on the right the Chateau of Hougoumont, — both places being formidable posts in advance. The army of Napoleon was formed in two lines, with a reserve. The first consisted of infantry flanked by cavalry, with five batteries, comprising eight guns in each, ranged along the front of this line, with a sixth, consisting of 12-pounders, in support ; while six guns of horse artillery were posted on the right of Jacqueminot’s ca- valry. The second line consisted entirely of cavalry, with the ex- ception of the two infantry divi- sions of the 6th corps, under Count Lobau, on the Charleroi road, well supported by artillery. In reserve, the imperial guard drew up, infantry, cavalry, and ar- tillery, right and left of the road. These dispositions of Napoleon were as judicious as circumstances would admit of, and he was free to move his columns of attack against any part of the English which might seem the weakest, while his own position was such as to render a direct attack by a force not superior to his own dangerous in the extreme. The force brought into the field by Wellington was as fol- lows : — Nation. Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Guns. British - 15,181 5,843 2,967 78 King’s German Legion 3,301 1,997 526 18 Hanoverians 10,258 497 465 12 Brunswickers 4,586 866 510 16 Nassauers - 2,880 — — Dutch Belgians - 13,402 3,205 1,177 32 Total - 49,608 12,408 5,645 156 Grand Total, 67,661 men, with 156 guns. Napoleon, having detached Grouchy, confronted the Allies with — Infantry - 48,950 Cavalry - 15,765 Artillery - 7,232 Total - 71,947 men, with 246 guns. The numerical strength was not so very disproportionate ; but, when the composition of the corps is taken into account, the pre- ponderance in favour of the French was beyond all compari- son. The soldiers of Napoleon were all of one nation — devotedly attached to their leader, had one system of tactics, and knew their chief. Wellington’s army was made up of raw levies, gathered from five or six sources, and were mostly in a state of discipline that rendered it perilous to ma- noeuvre with them under fire. Whilst preparation was making for the coming strife, the Duke had the satisfaction of knowing that he could rely on the co-ope- ration of the Prussians ; and long before a shot was fired a Prussian officer arrived to say that Bulow’s corps was already at St. Lambert. It was about this time, that Na-. poleon despatched a letter to Grouchy, apprising him of the intended attack of the English, and directing him to move upon Wavre, so that he might approach, and keep up communication with, 172 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 18. head- quarters. It was about ten o’clock on the morning of Sunday the 18th that a great stir was ob- served along the French line ; and presently a furious attack was made upon the chateau of Hougoumont, occupied by a de- tachment of the brigade of guards under Cols. Hepburn and Lord Saltoun, who maintained the post throughout the day, despite the repeated and desperate assaults by large bodies of the enemy. While the enclosures of Hougou- mont thus continued to be furi- ously assailed, the artillery on both sides thundered along the whole extent of each line. Under cover of the cannonade, Ney formed his columns of attack against the left and centre of the British position. This dense mass, consisting of at least 16,000 men, supported by 70 pieces of cannon ranged along the brow of the height, led by D’Erlon, at about two o’clock moved forward to attack the left centre of the British under a murderous fire from the Allied artillery. The divisions of Alix and Marcognet pressing onwards, had opened fire on the Dutch -Belgian line, when the latter suddenly lost all order and fled. Picton’s division, consisting of the brigades of Kempt and Pack, numbering altogether little more than 3000 men, de- ployed into line, to receive not fewer than 13,000 infantry, besides cavalry ; but Picton, nothing daunted, as soon as the enemy halted and began to take ground to the right, shouted “ a volley, and then charge.” The order was so rigidly obeyed, that the enemy, taken in the act of deploying, were borne back in the utmost con- fusion. The success was, how- ever, dearly purchased : — Picton was mortally wounded by a mus- ket-ball in the temple; but Kempt gallantly supplied his place, and the line moved on, driving before it all resistance. A body of cuirassiers bearing hard upon the Hanoverian infantry, the House- hold brigade, led by Lord Edward Somerset, came thundering for- ward, and the elite horsemen of the rival nations met in close and desperate strife. The British prowess at length prevailed, and the enemy, overpowered, fled in wild confusion ; but as the French far outnumbered the allies in ca- valry, their reserve coming up in excellent order, once more turned the tide of battle. Our dispersed horsemen fell back, experiencing considerable loss. Covered by the horse artillery and supported by Vivian’s hussars, they how- ever succeeded in reaching the crest of the position, where they re-formed under protection of the infantry. But the ground was covered with the dead and dying; and among the former was Major- Gen. Ponsonby. While great efforts continued to be made by the French to gain possession of Hougoumont, and the right of the fine was threatened by a body of lancers, Donzelat’s division pushed upon La Haye Sainte. The interval between became filled by such a display of horse- men as had never been looked upon by the most experienced soldier in the Allied army. Forty squadrons, of which 21 consisted entirely of cuirassiers, descending from the French heights in three lines, began to mount towards the English position : and despite the murderous discharge of the Allied artillery, these resolute horsemen continued to advance at a steady trot, their cannon thundering over them. Arriving within 40 yards of the English guns, with a loud shout, they put their strong horses to their speed, and in a OF 1HE UNIVERSITY OF ILUNOIS June 18. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 173 moment all the advanced batteries were in their possession. At this period all the Allied, regiments were in squares along the crest of the glacis, with their front ranks kneeling. Nevertheless, the cuirassiers would not shrink from the trial. Once again the cry arose, “ Vive l’Empereur !” and, with the noise of thunder, they rushed on. But their pace slackened as they approached; and no sooner received a fire, than they broke off from the centre by troops and squadrons. Thus passed the whole line of cuirassiers, while the second and third lines, the former consisting of lancers, the latter of chasseurs, plunged headlong in the same course; and the British infantry became enveloped by the enemy. But they were not left long to main- tain the combat single-handed. Lord Uxbridge, gathering as many squadrons as were available, launched them against the as- sailants, and drove them back over the declivity in confusion. They, however, soon rallied under their own guns, and, driving back the English beyond their squares, the game of the previous half hour was played over and over again. Round and round these impenetrable masses the French horsemen rode, individuals here and there closing upon the bay- onets and cutting at the men; but not . a square was broken. The repulse of Ney’s cavalry and the failure of the attempts upon Hougoumont and La Haye Sainte determined Napoleon to make another effort upon the main po- sition of the Allies. Kellermann was ordered to move forward with his corps, whilst Ney add- ing the cavalry of the guard, no less than 37 squadrons formed in rear of the broken force which had begun to rally; and in a short time the whole extent of the field between Charleroi road and Hougoumont was covered with these splendid corps of horsemen. Again were the squares assailed without suc- cess, and again did Lord Uxbridge come to the rescue. Having failed to make an impression on the first line, composed entirely of British and German troops, a large body of French cavalry passed over the ridge, and threa- tened the Dutch-Belgians in the second line. Great was the com- motion in that part of the field, from which whole masses of men began to move off without firing a shot. Lord Uxbridge again led the remains of his cavalry for- ward, and the enemy were driven back, pursued by Somerset’s bri- gade ; but the Dutch-Belgian car- biniers disregarded the exhorta- tion of Lord Uxbridge to follow him in the same course. Instead of advancing to the attack, they went to the right-about, and, gal- loping through the 3rd hussars of the German Legion, fairly fled the field! Never did a battle-field present such an anomalous spec- tacle. To all appearance the French were masters of the posi- tion of the Allies. Their cavalry rode round the English infantry, and their strength of numbers overawed the Allied horse. Scarce- ly an English gun gave fire, and most of those in front were ac- tually in possession of the enemy, the gunners having sought shelter within the squares. Yet the guns were safe, for the artillerymen had left neither, harness nor limber, and thus the cavalry were deprived of the means of carry- ing them off. Meanwhile, the right of the English line had been sharply assailed, but Adams’ bri- gade, consisting of 52nd, 7 1st, and 2nd battalion of 95th regiments, 174 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June IS under the immediate direction of Wellington, drove the enemy back over the hill. Napoleon, finding that all his attempts upon Hougoumont had failed, in order to make a lodgment in front of the main position, pushed forward Donzelat’s division against La Haye Sainte, which, after a sharp opposition by Major Baring, was carried. It was now about half- past four o’clock, when the British regiments, although reduced to skeletons, still held their ground; and the Duke rode along the line, encouraging his diminished batta- lions that the welcome sound of Blucher’s approach was heard, as the 15th and 16th Prussian bri- gades debouched from the wood of Paris, moving upon the right flank of the French army. Lobau, with the 6th corps, had been de- tached to resist this movement ; but the Prussians continued to receive reinforcements, and at six o’clock they had brought thirty battalions, twenty-seven squa- drons, and sixty- four guns into action. It was in vain that Lobau, with half that force, could main- tain his ground; and abandoning Planchenoit, he drew off towards the Charleroi road. It was at this critical moment, when Na- poleon, observing the masses of Prussians pouring into the field, determined to attack the right centre of the English position with a column of the imperial guard; whilst a second, in support, moved nearer towards Hougoumont. The cavalry were at the same time to advance en masse; and this move- ment was to be made under cover of the whole of their powerful artillery. The interval between these masses was to be filled up with cavalry, and Donzelat’s di- vision, now gathered around La Haye Sainte, was to dash forward. These preparations were met by Wellington filling up the gaps already made in his line; and these arrangements were yet in progress, when forth from the en- closures of La Haye Sainte Don- zelat’s corps came pouring. They advanced in dense skirmishing order, and brought several pieces of artillery to bear within a hun- dred yards of the Allied line, — doing such dreadful execution on the German Legion, that Kreuse’s Bruns wickers wavered until sus- tained by Du Plat’s Bruns wickers and the Nassau regiments, gal- lantly led by the Prince of Orange, on which occasion he was severely wounded. The Duke’s presence restored order, and the battle was renewed. The imperial guard, led by Ney, Friant, and Michel, after filing past the Emperor, now passed down the descent from La Belle Alliance. There was a cessation in the firing of the French artillery, and, simultane- ous with this advance, the corps of D’Erlon, en echelon of columns, moved partly upon Lambert’s brigade, while their right was en- gaged with the Prussians ; and Reille, with some of his batta- lions penetrating the wood of Hougoumont, advanced boldly with another portion upon the centre of the English line. It was now seven o’clock — the third corps of Prussians had arrived ; and their whole force, close at hand, was little less than 50,000 men, with 100 pieces of cannon. The French batteries, which had remained silent until the rear of the advancing column had cleared their muzzles, opened with ra- pidity and precision, doing fearful execution upon the regiments that came within their range. As the leading column of the guard ap- proached, the English batteries played upon them : yet they never paused a moment, but continued June 18. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 175 boldly to advance, despite the havoc occasioned by their mur- derous fire. Michel nobly fell, Friant was severely wounded, and Ney, who rode at the head of these veterans, had his horse shot under him ; but, nothing dis- mayed, he led them on foot, and, driving in the light troops, they reached the summit. It was then that Wellington directed the bri- gade of guards, under Major-Gen. Maitland, to attack this imposing force. Pouring in a destructive volley, they moved upon the ene- my with the bayonet, and spite of every effort of the officers to rally, tins elite of the French army ran down the slope, closely pursued by the British guards. Meanwhile there was close fighting every- where else, and Donzelat’s troops where borne back by Halkett, on whom the command of Alten’s division had devolved. The second column of the imperial guard, although much cut up by the fire of our artillery, still pushed forward somewhat to- wards the flank of Maitland’s troops; and that officer, observing the direction of this fresh attack, withdrew his men to the ridge whence they had descended. Adams’ brigade now bearing on the enemy’s flank, poured a deadly fire into the mass; and Maitland once more descending the slope, the two brigades, enveloping the column, swept it from the field. D’Erlon’s corps was also repulsed, that of Reille dispersed, and it only wanted the general ad- vance of the British line to com- plete the victory; but it should be borne in mind that, on the ex- treme right, Lobau’s corps, though overmatched, was unbroken, and faced Bulow stoutly. Napoleon, seeing his guards falling back in confusion, his broken squadrons fleeing, his guns abandoned, and having no reserve to fall back upon, shortly after eight o’clock galloped from the field. A cheer was now heard on the right, which flew swiftly along the entire posi- tion of the Allies, and the whole line rushed forward. Darkness soon set in, and such confusion prevailed that the advanced ca- valry got so completely inter- mingled among crowds of fugi- tives that they could with diffi- culty extricate themselves ; and more than one awkward rencontre took place. Guns, tumbrils, the whole materiel in short, of the routed army, remained in posses- sion of the British. Then as the Prussians came furiously advanc- ing upon the routed enemy, the Duke, feeling that the day was won, caused the order for a ge- neral halt to be passed; and the weary but victorious English lay down upon the position they had so gloriously gained. Almost every individual of Wellington’s personal staff was either killed or wounded. Colonel De Lancey, quarter-master-general, was mor- tally wounded, as were two of his grace’s aides-de-camp — Col. the Hon. Alexander Gordon and Lieut.-Col. Canning; Major- Gen. Barnes, adjt. -general, and Lieut.- Col. Fitzroy Somerset, military secretary, were wounded ; and Lord Uxbridge, who was struck by one of the last shots fired, lost his right leg. The Duke, after following the flying army far be- yond the Belle Alliance, was on his way back, when he met Blucher. Many congratulations passed between the two generals; and the latter readily undertook to follow up the pursuit. Thus was fought, and thus ended, one of the greatest battles in modern times, and, if its results be taken into account, perhaps the most important recorded in history. 176 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 19. Loss of the Allies in the Battle of Waterloo. Nation. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. Off. Men. Off. Men. Off. Men. British - 83 1,334 363 4,560 10 582 6,932 German Legion - 27 335 77 932 1 217 1,589 Hanoverians (on the 16th, 17th, and 18th) - 20 308 77 1,244 6 352 2,007 Brunswickers - 7 147 26 430 50 660 Nassauers - - - 5 249 19 370 643 Dutch-Belgians - 20 446 118 1,936 15 1,612 4,147 Prussians - - - 22 1,203 162 4,225 39 1,347 6,998 Total - - - 181 4,022 842 13,697 71 4,160 22,976 June 19< 1781. Siege op Ninety-six raised.— The important fortress of Ninety-six, in the back country of South Carolina, at this time held by about 350 regular troops and some militia, under the com- mand of Lieut.-Col. Cruger, was invested by the American army under Gen. Green. LordRawdon, being reinforced by the arrival of three regiments from Ireland, proceeded to the relief of this fortress with 2000 men. The American general, learning that this relief was approaching, de- termined to attempt storming the place ; and on the morning of the 19th they moved to the assault. Their principal attack was di- rected on the two flanks of the town, defended on the right by a stockaded fort with block- houses attached, and on the left by the star fort, which was the principal work. Under cover of a furious cannonade, the storming parties advanced, one of which, suffering some loss, got temporary possession of the stockade and blockhouses; but the party on the left having entered the ditch of the star fort, and failing in their endeavour to pull down the sand-bags which formed the breastwork of the parapet, they met with most effectual resist- ance, and the determined gal- lantry of the British repulsed them at every point. On the fol- lowing day the siege was raised, the enemy retiring to Saluda, a strong post about sixteen miles from Ninety-six. The enemy acknowledge a loss of 75 killed and 150 wounded. 1796. After the capitulation of the French regular forces and the inhabitants of the island of Grenada, on the 10th of June, Major-Gen. Nicholls had still to take possession of certain posts occupied by insurgent Caribbees and mulattoes who still held out. Brigadier- Gen. Campbell, with the French loyalists, forced the several posts of the enemy with great success during the day and night of the 18th of June. Lieut. - Col. Gledstanes, in command of the 7th regiment, at the head of the Grand Roi valley, parti- cularly distinguished himself, whilst the grenadiers of the 38th regiment attacked and carried a post in the valley of Beause- jour ; and nearly at the same hour in the morning of the 19 th the British were in possession of every established post in the island. 1813. Skirmish at Bayas. — On the -morning of the 19th June the retreating corps of the French army under D’Erlon and Gazan Tune 20, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 177 passed the defile of Puebla just as Wellington was forcing back Reille upon the Zadora. The Allies reached Bayas about noon, • and found the French strongly posted, — the front covered by the river, the right by the village of Subijana de Morillas, which was occupied as a bridge-head, while the left was secured by rugged heights opposite Pobes. This position was turned by the light division, while the 4th attacked it in front, and after a contest in which the French lost 80 men, Reille was forced over the Zadora; but the army of the centre had then passed the defile of Puebla, and was in position behind that river. The firing now ceased, and the Allies en- camped on the Bayas, whilst the French formed three lines behind the Zadora. June 20. 1347. Sir Thomas Dagworth, with 300 English men-at-arms and 400 archers, arriving to the assistance of the Countess de Montfort, besieged in the castle of La Roche Darien, in Brittany, by Charles de Blois, calling him- self duke of that province, the whole force was worsted, and Charles taken prisoner before dawn on the 20th June. 1779. Americans defeated. — A British force of five hundred men under Lieut. -Col. Maitland, stationed at St. John’s island and Stoney Point, North America, were about to be withdrawn from these posts, when they were at- tacked by the American army of 5000 men and eight pieces of cannon, under Gen. Lincoln. On the outposts being driven in, two companies of the 71st regiment, under Capt. Campbell, were sent to reconnoitre the enemy. This detachment, with imprudent gal- lantry, at once dashed at the left wing of the provincials ; but, being overpowered by numbers, was nearly destroyed. At the moment when the main body of the Americans was approaching, a regiment of Hessians fell back without offering opposition, and the enemy had arrived close to the abatis of the works, when the remainder of the 71st regiment, by a rapid movement from the right, enabled the Hessians to rally. The Americans were now hotly engaged, and before a re- inforcement sent by Gen. Prevost could arrive, were compelled to retire, carrying off their killed and wounded, which amounted to about 300 men. On the part of the British, 3 officers and 2 1 men were killed, 10 officers and 93 men wounded. 1812. Djojocarta stormed. — The Sultan of Djojocarta, in Java, refusing to entertain friendly relations with England, Colonel Gillespie, with a force of about 1000 men, was detached against the refractory chief. On the 18th a fire was opened upon the fortress, which, though strongly fortified, having bastions, curtains, and a wet ditch, was carried by assault on the 20th, and the sultan taken prisoner. Jrnie 21. 1690. Surrender of St. Christopher’s. — On the 21st of June a force of 550 men effected a landing on the island of St. Christopher’s without opposition, and, having gained the summit of a hill, became exposed to a fire of musketry ; but, being speedily reinforced by the marine and the Duke of Bolton’s regi- ments, the enemy were driven from their position. On the same N 178 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 21, day the town of Basse Terre sur- rendered to the squadron. 1704. Battle or Donawert. — In this battle, fought by the confederate army under the Duke of Marlborough against the French and Bavarians under Count d’Arco, the valour of the English foot -guards was most conspicuous. The loss on both sides was very great ; but the enemy were completely routed, and pursued even to the Danube, where many escaped by swim- ming across the river. Sixteen pieces of cannon and thirteen stands of colours were taken. 1803. An expedition under Commodore Hood, conveying troops under Lieut.- Gen. Green- field, having arrived at the island of St. Lucie, effected a landing on 21st June, and took posses- sion of the town of Castries. 1813. Battle of Vittoria. — On the 19th June the French army, amounting to about 70,000 men, commanded by Joseph Bo- naparte in person, having Marshal Jour dan as his major-general, had taken up a strong position in front of Vittoria, occupying a space eight miles in extent, their left resting upon the heights which terminate La Puebla de Arganzon, and extending thence across the valley of the Zadora. By this disposition the French covered the three great roads from Madrid, Bilbao, and Lo- grono. By the 20th the whole of the allied army under Wel- lington — not less than 80,000 men — was concentrated near Vit- toria, and on the morning of the 21st the division of Lieut.- Gen. Sir R. Hill obtained possession of the heights of La Puebla, on which the enemy’s left rested, and retained the position in spite of repeated and desperate efforts to recover them. Under co\er of those heights Hill’s division passed the Zadora, and gained the village of Subijana de Alava, which stood on an eminence. Here, too, the enemy made an attempt to recover the ground they had lost ; but, being re- pulsed, Jourdan directed the left to fall back for the defence of Vittoria. Meanwhile the fourth and light divisions, under Gen. Cole, crossed the Zadora, and the column under the Earl of Dal- housie arrived at Medina. The third division, under Lieut.-Gen. Sir Thomas Picton, crossed at a bridge higher up, being followed by the seventh, led by Dalhousie in person. As Jourdan con- tinued to fall back upon Vittoria, the Allies continued to advance in admirable order. In the mean- time Lieut.- General Sir Thomas Graham attacked the French right, dislodged it from the heights beyond the Zadora, and then, ascending the right bank of that river, carried the village of Ga- marra Mayor, while the Spaniards under Longa carried Gamarra Menor, on the opposite bank. Both the villages of Gamarra Mayor and Abechuco were strong- ly occupied as tetes de pont , but, though obstinately defended, were gallantly carried. Forced from all their positions, and their main body driven through the town of Vittoria, the French were pursued by the allied forces until it was dark. The troops under Sir Thomas Graham intercepting the enemy’s retreat upon Bayonne, they were obliged to take the road leading to Pamplona ; and, not being able to hold any posi- tion beyond Vittoria sufficient time to allow their artillery and baggage to be drawn off, the whole of the materiel, as well as treasure and equipages, fell into the hands of the victors. The June 22. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 179 French acknowledge a loss of 8000 men in killed and wounded. On the part of the Allies the Por- tuguese lost 1049, Spaniards 553, British 3574, making a total of 5176 killed and wounded. June 22. 1803. Morne Fortunee car- ried. — After the success of the previous day, the British on the 22nd of June attacked the for- tress of Morne Fortunee, which was stormed before daylight by the 2nd battalion of the 1st or royal regiment, which led the as- sault, and the 69th regiment. The principal redoubt being speedily carried, the enemy surrendered. The reduction of the island of St. Lucie was the result of this successful enterprise, which cir- cumstance was announced in ge- neral orders the same day by Lieut. -General Grinfield. The British suffered a loss of 20 killed, and 110 wounded; among the latter, Lieut.-Col. Macdonald and Capt. Chaloner of the royals. 1812. During the siege of Salamanca, the French army un- der Marmont and the Allies un- der Wellington were frequently engaged without either obtaining any decisive result. On the night of the 20th of June, the English general slept amongst the troops in their position near the village of Christoval, and at the first streak of light the armies were again under arms. Towards evening the 68 th regiment was detached to drive the French from the vil- lage of Monesco. The attack suc- ceeded, but the troops being re- called just as daylight failed, a body of the enemy, coming un- perceived through the standing corn, broke into the village as the British were collecting their posts from the different avenues, and did considerable execution. Lieut. Mackay of the 68th, re- fusing to surrender, received more wounds than the human frame was thought capable of sustain- ing. On the 22nd, three divisions and a brigade of cavalry joined Marmont, who, having now nearly 40,000 men in hand, extended his left, and seized a part of the height in advance of the Allies’ left wing, whence he could discern the whole of the order of battle, and attack their right on even terms. How- ever, General Graham, advancing with the 7th division, under Ma- jor-General Hope, dislodged this French detachment with a sharp skirmish, before it could be for- midably reinforced, and that night Marmont withdrew from his dan- gerous position to some heights about six miles in his rear. 1813. On the 22nd of June the Allies followed the retreating enemy from Vittoria, whilst Giron and Longa entered Guipuscoa by the royal road, in pursuit of the convoy, which had moved under Maucune on the morning of the battle ; the heavy cavalry and D’Urban’s Portuguese remained at Vittoria, and Gen. Pakenliam, with the sixth division, came up from Medina Pomar. The re- mainder of the army pursued Joseph towards Pampeluna, for he continued his retreat up the Borundia and Araquil valleys all the night. The weather was rainy, the roads heavy, and the French rear-guard having neither time nor materials to destroy the bridges, set fire to the villages behind them to delay the pursuit. At five o’clock in the morning of the 22nd, Reille had rallied his two divisions and all his cavalry in front of Salvatierra, where he halted until he was assured that all the French had passed, and j then continued his march to 180 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 23. Huerta, in the valley of Araquil, thirty miles from the field of battle. Joseph was that day at Yrarsun, a town situated behind one of the sources of the Arga, from which roads branched off to Pampeluna on one side, and to Tolosa and St. Estevan on the other. After sending orders to different points of the French frontier to prepare provisions and succours for his suffering army, he directed Reille to proceed ra- pidly by St. Estevan to the Bidas- soa, with the infantry, six hundred select cavalry, and the artillery- men and horses of the army of Portugal; meanwhile Gazan’s and D’Erlon’s corps marched upon Pampeluna, intending to cross the frontier at St. Jean Pied de Port. June 23. 1420. Henry V. of England, having married the daughter of Charles VI. of France, took com- mon part with the afflicted mo- narch against the Dauphin, and carried by assault the town of Montereau, where the Duke of Burgundy was basely murdered in the presence of, and by the followers of the Dauphin, the previous year. The English and French troops, faithful to King Charles, acted together in this short siege. 1757. Battle of Plassey. — As the sun rose on 22nd June, the army of Col. Clive passed the river Cossimbuzar, and before four in the afternoon was established on the opposite bank; and having, by dint of extraordinary exertions, dragged the boats fifteen miles, reached the grove of Plassey at one p. m. on the 23rd, which was within a mile of the Nabob of Bengal’s intrenched camp, pro- tected by a redoubt. As the day dawned, the enemy’s columns be- gan to emerge from the plain, consisting of 50,000 infantry, armed with matchlocks, spears, rockets, and bows ; 18,000 ca- valry, well mounted and ac- coutred, and fifty pieces of can- non, for the most part 24- and 32-pounders, which being mount- ed on large wooden stages, sup- porting gunners and ammuni- tion, were each dragged by an elephant and 40 or 50 horses. To oppose this formidable array, Clive had no more than three thousand men of all aims, con- sisting of detachments of H. M.’s 39th regiment, Madras, Bengal, Bombay, and Aldercorn’s regi- ments, including 900 English, 100 artillery, and fifty seamen, with eight 6-pounders and two how- itzers ; the whole formed in one line, with the Europeans in the centre, just beyond the skirt of a wood. About 8 a. m. the enemy opened a fire from all his guns, which was promptly returned ; and being kept up for some time, produced considerable havoc in the Nabob’s ranks. Clive con- tinued on the defensive until about 2 p. m., when the Nabob, intimidated by the fall of a fa- vourite chief, ordered a retreat ; but while the army fell back, the artillery, under Sinfray, kept up a galling fire, until Clive, putting himself at the head of a detach- ment, gained possession of Sin- fray’s embankment without the loss of a man ; and the capture of the redoubt followed. The guns were now moved forward, and a destructive fire opened upon the camp, where a scene of the ut- most confusion prevailed as the English entered it. Guns aban- doned, horses and bullocks spread over the plain, whilst the discom- fited host fled in dismay, with- out an attempt at resistance. June 24. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 181 After a brief halt, the British pursued their march as far as Daudpoor. Their loss was no more than sixteen sepoys and eight Europeans killed ; and the total number of wounded amount- ed to forty-eight. 1709. Fort Warneton aban- doned. — Prince Eugene and the Duke of Marlborough, command- ing the confederate army, having issued orders to form a camp at Oudenarde, their whole force, amounting to 110,000 men, as- sembled between Courtray and Menin on 21st June, and on the following day they encamped between Lincelles and Roubaix. On the 23rd the two generals divided their forces in two great bodies. The right, consisting of the Imperialists and Germans, under Eugene, crossed the Lower Dyle below Lille ; while the left, comprising the British, Dutch, and auxiliaries, traversed the Marque; and the respective camps were formed on both sides of the Upper Dyle. Meanwhile Mar- shal Villars, on being informed of the advance of the Allies, took up a position between Douay and the Lys, having along the whole line fortified villages, redoubts, and inundations. The French attempted to seize upon the posts of fort Rouze ; but the garrison being reinforced by Marlborough, the enemy made a precipitate re- treat, and also abandoned the neighbouring fort of Warneton, ; June 24. 1762. Battle of Graven- stein. — The English, under the Marquis of Granby, much distin- guished themselves in this victory, won over the French by the allied forces of England, Prussia, and the lesser German states, the whole under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Prussia. Early in the morning, the army crossed the Dymel between Sie- benan and Sielen, to attack the corps of Marshal de Castries, posted on the right of the grand army of France, under Marshals D’Estreesand Soubise, encamped at Gravenstein. De Castries being taken by surprise, and his flank turned, formed to repel the attack ; but the Prussian and English cavalry having broken through the infantry, and cap- tured two guns, the French re- tired in great disorder, closely followed by Prince Ferdinand, who now attacked the main body in front, while Granby, with a strong British division, was ap- proaching by Ersen and Fursten- walde. Abandoning their camp and much of their materiel of war, the French now retired to the heights of Wilhelm stal ; but Granby was in a position to in- tercept them. At this moment some of the finest corps of French infantry, including the royal gre- nadiers and the regiment of Aquitaine occupied the wood Meijenbrachsen, to cover the re- treat of their army. Here Granby attacked them, and of the whole force but two battalions escaped ; the rest, after a gallant resistance, being either dispersed or made prisoners. The loss of the French was estimated at 5000 men ; whilst that of the confederates was comparatively small. 1813. Lieut.-Gen. Graham be- ing ordered by Wellington to march by the Puerto San Adrian on Villa Franca, late on the 24th June moved from Segura with Major-General Anson’s brigade ; whilst the brigade of Major- Gen. Bradford advanced by the Orio ri- ver, the remainder of the division by the Chaussee. In this movement the Allies fell in with the rear of 182 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. June 25. the Trench corp sunder Gen. Eoy, just as its columns were about to enter Villa Eranca from Villa Real. The enemy having imme- diately taken up a position, Ma- jor-Gen. Bradford attacked the Italians forming the right, and killed or wounded 80 men ; whilst the Portuguese and Ger- mans dislodged the troops from the village of Veusaya, on the right bank of the Orio river. Gen. Graham finding the enemy strongly posted, had recourse to flank operations, whereupon Eoy retired to Tolosa. Giron and Longa now came up by the great road, and Mendizabel having quitted the blockade of Santona, arrived at Aspeytia on the Deba. 1812. At break of day on 24th June, as the fog cleared away, the German cavalry were seen in close and beautiful order, retiring before twelve thousand Erench in- fantry, which crossed the Tormes near Salamanca. At intervals, twenty guns ranged in front would send their bullets whist- ling round the Germans, while scattered parties of light cavalry capped all the hills in succession. Wellington immediately sent Graham across the river by the fords of Sta. Martha, with the first and seventh divisions, and Le Marchant’s brigade of English ca- valry ; then, concentrating the rest of the army between Cabre- rizos and Monesco, he awaited the progress of Marmont’s ope- ration. As soon as the enemy got sight of Graham with his twelve thousand men, aware that the heavy columns of Wellington were not far off, the Erench general became sensible of his error, and, repassing the Tormes, resumed his former ground. 1815. On the advance of the Allied forces after the battle of Waterloo, Wellington despatched Lieut.-Gen. Sir Charles Colville, with the 4th division of the Bri- tish army, together with the bri- gade of Sir Colquhoun Grant, against Cambray. The town was carried, by escalade on the even- ing of the 24th, the two attacks on different points proving suc- cessful. The English loss was no more than 8 killed and 29 wounded. June 25. 1706. Reduction or Ostend. — Ostend having been invested by the confederate army under the Duke of Marlborough, and bombarded for four days by the squadron commanded by Vice- Adm. Sir Stafford Eairborne, its defences ruined, both to seaward and inland, and the counter- scarp of the principal work car- ried by storm, beat parley and sur- rendered on the 25th June. The loss of the confederates during this short siege amounted to 500 men in killed and wounded. 1783. During the siege of Cud- dalore by Gen. Stuart, a deter- mined sortie was made by the Erench upon the British trenches in three columns of attack. The most conspicuous of the troops who gallantly repulsed the enemy were the sepoys of the 24th Ben- gal N. I., commanded by Capt. Williamson, who crossed bayonets with the regiment of Aquitaine, and drove the enemy back on all sides. The English lost 4 of- ficers, and 70 rank and file killed and wounded; the enemy 450, besides 150 made prisoners, — among whom was the Chevalier de Dumas, who commanded in this sortie, andBernadotte, then a sergeant, who rose to be a Mar- shal of Erance and King of Sweden. 1813. Attack on Hampton. — The Americans being assem- June 26. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 183 bled in force at Hampton, it was resolved to attack them. The force consisted of two companies of the 102nd regiment under Lieut.-Col. Napier, two com- panies of Canadian chasseurs, two battalions of marines, underLieut.- Col. Williams and Major Mal- colm, with a proportionate force of artillery ; the whole command- ed by Sir Sidney Beckwith, quar- ter-master-general. The marines dashed into the town, driving the enemy from their camp, and cap- tured a field-piece and two stands of colours, which the Americans abandoned in their hasty retreat. The American loss was very con- siderable ; that of the British, 5 killed, 33 wounded, and ten missing. 1813. Action near Tolosa. — The French still retiring after their defeat at Villoria on 21st June, were closely pursued by the Allies under Wellington. Gen. Foy, who had moved to Villa Real de Guipuscoa on the 23rd, retired to Tolosa on the 24th, and on the following day offered battle in front of that place ; but Graham turned his left with Longa’s division, and his right was turned by Mendizabel from Aspeytia ; and while these were in march, Col. Williams, with the grenadiers of the first regiment and three companies of Pack’s Portuguese,, dislodged him from an advantageous hill in front. The fight was then purposely pro- longed by skirmishing until six o’clock in the evening, when the Spaniards having reached their destination on the flanks, a gene- ral attack was made on all sides. The French, being cannonaded on the causeway and strongly as- sailed by the infantry in front, while Longa, with equal vigour, drove their left from the heights, were soon forced beyond Tolosa on the flanks ; but that town being strongly intrenched, they main- tained it until Graham, having brought up his guns, burst one of the gates, and opened a passage for his troops. Nevertheless Foy, pro- fiting by the darkness, made good his retreat, with a loss of only 400 men killed and wounded, and some prisoners. The loss on the part of the Allies during the two days’ operations was about the same number, and Gen. Graham was among the wounded. 1815. The citadel of Cambray surrendered to the English force commanded by Lieut. -Gen. Sir Charles Colville, forming part of the army under Wellington ; who on the following day placed the King of France, his court, and troops in possession. June 26. 1658. Dunkirk taken After the battle before Dunkirk on the 1 4th June, the town con- tinued to be defended until all the outworks were carried, and the governor mortally wounded. It then surrendered to the French and English allied forces. The French held possession of the town some days after the arrival of their monarch, when, accord- ing to treaty, it was placed in the hands of Cromwell’s troops, commanded by Lord Lockhart, the protector’s nephew by mar- riage with his niece, and remain- ing a dependancy of the British nation until it was sold by Charles II. to the King of France for 218,750/. 1777. The Americans having encamped on the mountain above Quibble Town, near Staten island, the British army, under Lord Cornwallis, moved from Bruns- wick on the 14th in two columns, one directing its march to Hills- 184 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 27. borough ; the second, under Lieut.- Gen. Heister, 10 Middle Bush. Finding, however, that the enemy had not the intention of removing towards the Dela- ware, the army returned to the camp at Brunswick on the 19th, and marched thence to Amboy on the 22nd, on their way to cross to Staten island. Upon quitting the camp, the enemy en- deavoured to harass the march of the British, but they were dis- persed with the loss of 40 killed and wounded. The necessary preparations had been made for crossing to the island, when in- telligence was brought that the Americans had quitted the moun- tain and taken post at Quibble Town, with the intention of at- tacking the rear of the army, and that a corps of 3000 men, and eight pieces of cannon, and an- other of 700 men and one gun, under command of Lord Stirling, had also advanced on their left. Under these circumstances it was deemed advisable to induce the enemy to commence the attack. On the morning of the 26th the army moved in two columns ; the right, under Lord Cornwallis, took the route by Woodbridge towards Scott’s Plains, whilst Lord Howe, with the left column, marched to join the rear of the right on the road from the Meeting-House, and both ad- vanced to the same point. The right column having fallen in with the corps of 700 men, drove them to the mountain, where the main army retreated from Quib- ble Town, on hearing the firing. Lord Cornwallis had previously fallen in with the corps under Lord Stirling, which he found advantageously posted, protected by a wood ; but the British pressed forward with such precipitation that the enemy were totally rout- ed, leaving three brass guns, and sustaining a loss of three captains and 60 men killed, and upwards of 200 wounded. On the 30th the army crossed to Staten island without the least appearance of an enemy. 1781. Lord Cornwallis having passed James river, in the pro- vince of Virginia, North America, with the British army, sent two detachments, under Lieut.-Cols. Tarleton and Simcoe, to overrun the country, in which operation these officers were very success- ful. Lieut.-Col. Simcoe, return- ing from Chickahominy, where he had destroyed some boats and stores, was attacked on 2 6th June by a force superior to the de- tachment under his command ; but the enemy was repulsed with severe loss, and three officers and twenty-eight privates made pri- soners. June 27. 1760 Col. Archibald Mont- gomery, commanding a detach- ment of the royal regiment of foot, the highland regiment, and a party of the South Carolina provincials, being on the march between fort Prince George and the native towns of Etchoey, in the heart of the Cherokee In- dians’ settlement, was attacked by a strong horde of those sa- vages, who were repulsed and routed with great slaughter, and the town of Etchoey totally de- stroyed. The loss on the part of the English amounted to 20 killed and 77 wounded. 1794. At the attack of Gua- daloupe, the enemy having gained possession of a chain of high and woody grounds, with difficult passes between the British and Morne Mascot, part of the grena- diers and light infantry, with June 28. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 185 Capt. Robertson’s battalion of seamen, were pushed forward, and on the 27 th of June the enemy were attacked on all sides by this detachment under Briga- dier-Gen. Symes, and completely routed. Being driven into fort Morne Mascot, they again made an effort of resistance ; but when attacked with the bayonet, they fled into fort Fleur d’Epee. Re- ceiving a reinforcement from the garrison of Pointe-a-Petre and a number of armed negroes, they advanced on the same afternoon in great numbers, covered by the guns of fort Fleur d’Epee, until they reached the top of the hill, where they were met by the grenadiers under Lieut.-Colonel Fisher, who, after an obstinate engagement, forced them down the hill with great slaughter. The British loss was inconsiderable, and Lieut.-Col. Fisher, who was struck with a grape-shot, remained in possession of the post on Morne Mascot. 1801. Grand Cairo, the mo- dern capital of Egypt, which was taken by the French under Na- poleon Bonaparte, 23rd of July, 1798, was retaken by the British and Turks on 27th June, 1801, when six thousand French capi- tulated. 1812. Surrender op Fort St. Vincente. — The formidable works constructed by the French in their defence of Salamanca, with so much labour and expense, admirably supported each other, and for some time foiled the at- tempts of Wellington to reduce them. By the time the trenches were opened upon the convent of fort San Vincente, which was strongly fortified, ammunition had failed the besiegers; but on the 26th a supply arrived, and a • breach was soon effected in San Cajetana. On the morning of the 27 th, the convent of San Vincente being on fire, and the breach of Cajetana improved, a fresh storm- ing party had assembled, when the white flag waved from the fort. A negotiation ensued, but Lord Wellington judging it to be an artifice to get the fire under at San Vincente, gave orders for the assault. The attack was com- manded by Lieut.-Colonel Davis, 36th regiment, under direction of Major-General Clinton. Ensign Newton, who had distinguished himself on the 23rd inst., led the advance party; the troops forcing their way into the fort of San Cajetana by the gorge, whilst the fort of La Merced was carried by escalade, — and the whole of the operation was conducted with precision and gallantry. After these two works were gained, and the 9th regiment of ca 5 adores had actually stormed one of the out- works of San Vincente, the go- vernor of that post sent a flag of truce, offering instant surrender on being allowed the honours of war. This proposal being readily acceded to, seven hundred pri- soners, thirty pieces of artillery provisions, and stores, and a se- cure passage over the Tonnes, were the immediate fruits of this capture, which was not the less prized that the breaches were found to be more formidable than those of Ciudad Rodrigo. The Allies had ninety killed; and their whole loss since the passage of the Tormes was nearly five hun- dred men. Lord Wellington then ordered the forts of Salamanca to be demolished. June 28. 1778. On the 28th June, Gen. Clinton, when retiring the British army upon Sandy Hook, to em- bark for New York, on being as- 186 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 29, sailed on his flanks by two co- lumns of Americans, endeavoured to bring on a general action ; but the enemy withdrew to an ele- vated position which they had previously held. The British now took up a strong ground, with their left resting on the village of Freehold ; and the guards, on the right, commencing the attack on the American position, soon put them to flight. A second line of provincials, equally strongly posted, was also completely rout- ed ; and the timely arrival of Washington, to cover their dis- comfiture, saved the whole from destruction. The English army continued its march, and em- barked at New York. 1801. The towns of Cairo and Gazeli, being invested by the Turkish and British armies, sur- rendered this day to the Grand Vizier and Major- Gen. J. H, Hutchinson. In pursuance of this surrender, the gates of Gazel; were delivered up on 28th June ; and by the conventions entered into by Gen. Belliard, the French forces and their allies were to evacuate all parts of Egypt which they then occupied. 1813. Lieut.-Col. Watson of the 14th regiment of foot, in command of an expedition against the fortress of Sambas, isle of Bor- neo, embarked on board a squa- dron under Capt. Sayer, R. N., which, having entered the river Sambas, sent a despatch to the sultaun, requiring him to sur- render his defences, and his pi- ratical allies, who had drawn upon him the vengeance of the English. A detachment, consist- ing of a party of the 14th regi- ment under Lieut. Bolton, the marines of the squadron, and 100 sepoys of the 3rd royal battalion under Capt. Brookes of that corps with seamen in front carrying ladders, the remainder of the force under Lieut.-Col. Watson,* anchored on the 27th, out of gun- shot of the batteries. Early on the morning of the 28th, another party of the 14th regiment and 3rd Bengal volunteer artillery and seamen, were landed under command of Capt. Wilson. At about half-past nine o’clock, the two principal works, and three redoubts in the rear, were carried with much gallantry. A battery on the opposite side of the river being abandoned by the enemy, the troops with the commanding officer pushed forward in the boats, while Capt. Wilson attack- ed their rear. About 150 of the defenders of the forts were slain, including some chiefs. As the detachment under Capt. Brookes proceeded up the river, he found a boom placed across, defended by two forts. Being supported by Capt. Norton in H. M.’s brig Procris, which nad proceeded up the stream, he attacked and car- ried the enemy’s works, — the pi- rates flying in all directions into the jungle. In this affair 7 men were killed ; 4 officers, and 55 rank and file, wounded. Captain Morris of the 14th regiment died of fatigue. June 29. 1762. In our calendar for 7th June, we related the landing of the expedition at the Havannah, the army commanded by the Earl of Albemarle, and the fleet in which the troops had been con- veyed under the orders of the Hon. Commodore Keppel. Ac- cording to the journal of the siege, from the 7th up to the present date, one or two trifling successes were gained by the besiegers, which our brief space will not permit us to notice. The trenches June 30. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 187 were opened, and batteries raised, and as each one was completed and the guns mounted, a fire commenced ; each succeeding day adding to the number of en- gines of destruction against the devoted city. At break of day on the 29th June the enemy landed two detachments of 500 men each, consisting of grenadiers and chosen men, each party having attached to it a body of armed negroes and mulattoes to sup- port their attacks. These were intended to act against the En- glish works upon the right under the Moro, and upon the mortar and howitzer batteries which had been erected to destroy the ship- ping in the harbour. Both these detachments were, however, in- tercepted by the British outposts, and repulsed with the loss of 200 in killed, wounded, and prisoners, — the remainder escaping under cover of the woods. Our casualties were only ten men killed and wounded. 1794. At the reduction of Guadaloupe, as related in a pre- ceding column, Lieut.-Col. Fisher, with the grenadiers, had resisted an attempt of the enemy on 27th June to dislodge this detachment from their position on Morne Mascot. On the 29th, the enemy having clothed the mulattoes and blacks in French uniform, made another attack with an increased force, amounting to 1500 men, with a field-piece on the right, which enfiladed the grenadiers ; whilst in front they were assailed by the fort with round and grape. Observing them make a movement towards the rear of the grenadiers, to gain possession of a house on a strong position, Major Ross, with the 2nd battalion of light infantry, arrived in time to oc- cupy that important post. After the firing had continued some time, the grenadiers moved for- ward with the bayonet, and drove the French from the height, with still greater slaughter than in the former assault. In the mean- time Major Ross was also en- gaged, and repulsed the enemy with great loss on their side. June 30. 1708. Battle of Oudenarde. — The French having laid siege to Oudenarde, the Duke of Marl- borough and Prince Eugene made a rapid march for its relief, and the duke took possession of the strong position of Lessines, which the enemy had intended to oc- cupy in order to cover the siege. Thus foiled, the French aban- doned Oudenarde, and com- menced passing the Scheldt ; but Marlborough, being resolved to bring them to an engagement, directed Lieut. -General Cadogan, with sixteen battalions and eight squadrons, to clear the roads and throw bridges over the Scheldt below Oudenarde. At eight o’clock in the morning of 30th June (N. S.) the army was in mo- tion, and marched with such ex- pedition that by two in the after- noon the horse had reached the bridges over which Cadogan and his detachment were crossing. That officer, having passed twelve of his sixteen battalions, between three and four o’clock attacked the village of Heynem with such resolution that they soon gained possession of it, together with seven French battalions, who were almost entirely taken pri- soners. The Duke of Burgundy, finding a battle unavoidable, began to put his troops in motion, when Major-Gen. Rantzau, with eight squadrons, advancing into the plain, attacked the French ca- valry with such vigour that they 138 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 1 were driven across the Nor ken upon their main body, with the loss of many prisoners. In this defeat of the enemy the electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards George H., among others, charging at the head of their squadrons, parti- cularly distinguished themselves. The French commanders con- vinced that to retire without an action was impossible, the army drew up on the high ground of Lede, Huysse and Maldeghem, in two lines, the front being covered by the Norken. To keep the hostile right in check, Cadogan with his twelve battalions were placed in position, whilst Marl- borough advanced by Heume with the Prussian horse, and drew up in front of the enemy ; and at the same time the first column of the first line of the right wing, consisting entirely of British, formed rapidly on the right of Bevere. At this moment thirty battalions of the enemy’s right attacked four battalions posted at Groenevelde before the corps of Cadogan could arrive to sustain them. This small force gallantly maintained their ground until reinforcements came up and boldly attacked the enemy’s centre. The Duke of Argyle, commanding the British infantry, leading 20 bat- talions, also hastened into action, and each battalion became se- parately engaged in the fields and enclosures bordering the rivulet. The Prussians being out- flanked by the extension of the enemy’s line, fell back; but at six o’clock they were again led forward by Count Lottum, and drove the enemy across the stream. As the lines extended, partial conflicts gradually in- creased into a general roar of musketry, which spread along the outer portion of the semi- circle formed by the two rivulets • winding near Schoerken. Prince Eugene now took command of the right wing, having sixty bat- talions under his direction, while only twenty remained under the duke h i m self. The confederates continued to gain ground until darkness enveloped the contend- ing hosts, and the positions were only discernible by the flashes of musketry. About nine the army halted, and the enemy, fa- voured by the obscurity, forced their way in tumultuous crowds toward Ghent. The allies are stated to have lost 3000 killed and wounded ; the enemy not less than 4000 killed, 2000 wounded and 9000 prisoners, including 700 officers. July 1. 1690. Battle of the Boyne. — In this battle, fought on 1st July, between King William III. and his father-in-law, James H., the latter was signally defeated, — his adherents losing 1600 men, and the Protestant army about a third of that number. James fled to Waterford, whence he em- barked for France. A splendid obelisk, 150 feet high, was erected near Drogheda, in 1736, by the Protestants of the empire, in commemoration of this victory. 1762. The French, under de Rochambeau, retreating from Hombourg, were attacked near that town by the brigade of Bri- tish grenadiers, Elliot’s horse, royal regiment of blues, and four Hanoverian squadrons, the whole commanded by the Marquis of Granby. Elliot’s horse was first engaged, and was in great peril, until Col. Harvey, at the head of the blues, charged, and the two regiments then maintained the unequal fight till the grenadiers came up, when the enemy re- July 2. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 189 treated, having suffered great loss. The killed and wounded of the allies did not amount to 100 men. 1781 . Battle of Porto Novo. — Hyder Ali, with 80,000 men and about forty-seven pieces of heavy artillery, this day encoun- tered the British army, scarcely 9500 strong, under Major-Gen. Sir Eyre Coote. The English had the advantage in the number of artillery, having fifty-five light field-pieces ; but to the cavalry of the enemy, which appeared to pass over the fiekl as a cloud of horsemen, Sir Eyre could only oppose two regiments of native and one of European horse. Hyder Ali was strongly posted on the Cuddalore road ; but the British, by a skilful manoeuvre, having succeeded in turning his left flank, which enabled them to take up a position protected by a small war schooner an- chored near the shore, advanced in two lines under a heavy fire of artillery and a charge of cavalry along the whole front, whilst a large body of infantry got into the rear of the British and en- gaged their second line. Never- theless the enemy was simul- taneously repulsed front and rear. Hyder ordered another attack to be made, and both lines were again charged by his cavalry, who also made an attempt upon the baggage of the army. Hyder commanded the attack of the first line in person ; but on all sides his troops were beaten back, and the guns of the schooner were now brought to bear upon the enemy’s cavalry. The steady fire of the infantry and the per- severance with which the artillery poured in their showers of grape, could not be withstood ; and at length the enemy were completely routed, retiring from the ground j in confused masses. Hyder, re- fusing to believe that he had lost the day, was with difficulty borne from the field by his chief officers. His loss amounted to 10,000 men in killed and wounded, more than the whole force of the Bri- tish, who had but 587 of all ranks hors de combat. 1803. The island of Tobago, which was taken from the French in April 1793, but restored to them at the peace of Amiens, Oct. 6th, 1802, was again captured on this day by the British forces under Gen. Grinfield, and con- firmed to them by the peace of Paris in 1814. 1848. Lieut. Edwards and his allies were attacked near Moltan by Moobraj with eleven thousand men. Being repulsed, he fled into the fortress, and then gave orders for two guns to be levelled across the only bridge over a wide canal, against his own men while re- treating, thus causing the destruc- tion of some hundreds who at- tempted to cross the canal. July 2. 1600. Spanish Army defeat- ed. — Sir Francis Vere, with the English infantry and men-at- arms, forming no inconsiderable part of a division of the Stages’ army under his command, was attacked this day by the Arch- duke Albert of Austria and the Spanish army. With little more than 5000 men he had approach- ed Nieuport, to undertake the siege of that town ; and now per- ceiving the advance of the Spa- niards, Sir Francis took up a formidable position among the sand-hills of the haven. These he manned with Friesland mus- keteers, connecting each natural fort with British pikemen, and keeping ten troops of lancers, 190 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 2. cuirassiers, and mounted harque- bussiers, with about 600 English musketeers, to act as occasion might require. The main body of the States’ army was at hand, but had not yet passed the haven; so the brunt of the unequal contest was to be borne by the gallant Vere. The enemy brought regiment after regiment into action, till, by a countless host, the tide of battle forced back the English, still desperately fighting ; and Vere having fallen with his slain horse, his life was with difficulty pre- served. The Spainards now pressed onward, confident of vic- tory, when two troops of cavalry and three hundred British foot having rallied, resolutely charged and drove them back to the ground where the action commenced, under the fire of the Frieslanders, who yet held the sand-hills. The English and their allies now ad- vanced upon the discomfited enemy on every side, and when Prince Maurice of Nassau, having at length crossed the haven, moved to the assistance of the engaged division, the enemy, with- out waiting for his attack, broke into full retreat. Sir Francis Vere, in his commentary, says, — il I dare not take the whole ho- nour of the victory to the English 1600 men; I will only affirm, that they left nothing for the rest of the army to do but to follow the chase.” The enemy’s loss was very severe. The English, on whom the brunt of the battle fell, had 800 killed and wounded, in- cluding among the latter 8 cap- tains and most of the inferior officers. 1704. Battle of Donawert. — The Duke of Marlborough, re- solved to attack the combined Bavarian and French army, amounting to 12,000 men, posted at Schellenberg, a rising ground near Donawert, advanced on 2nd July, at three in the morn- ing, with 6000 infantry and 30 squadrons of English and Dutch cavalry, besides three battalions of imperial grenadiers ; the rest of the army, under Prince Louis, following with all possible dili- gence. After a heavy cannonade on both sides, the assailants at six in the evening moved forward in perfect order, under command of Lieut.-Gen. Goor, and as they arrived within the range of grape- shot, the carnage became dread- ful. Gen. Goor and many other gallant officers having fallen, there was a momentary pause ; but order being speedily restored, the troops again advanced with admirable firmness. On reaching the ravine, the foremost troops, mistaking it for the ditch, threw in their fascines, but being unable to pass, and the enemy’s fire be- coming more destructive, they began to give way. The Gallo- Bavarians availing themselves of the confusion, rushed from their works, and charged the broken ranks of the assailants ; but a re- inforcement arriving up, the enemy were driven back with great slaughter, principally by the firmness of a battalion of English guards, which, although most of their officers were either killed or wounded, singly maintained its ground. The assailants, however, continued to draw near the foot of the works, whilst the enemy brought their whole force to the principal point of attack; and by this combined effort they were enabled to make more than one vigorous • sally from their trenches. Exhausted by repeated struggles, and thinned by a de- structive fire, the allied infantry once more were disposed to give way, when Gen. Lumley led forth the horse with great deter- July 3- CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 191 mination, and, by bis example and support, prevented a repulse. The enemy’s numbers had con- siderably decreased in this des- perate conflict, which was con- tinually renewed. At length the English and Dutch were on the point of breaking into the in- trenchment, when they were cheered by the advance of the imperialists, led by the Margrave in person, who, passing the Wernitz below Berg, moved against and dispersed two French battalions. While the attention of the enemy was called to an- other quarter, the final effort was made at the principal point of attack. The dragoons command- ed by Lord John Hay dismount- ed to aid the infantry, but before they could storm the intrench- ment the Gallo-Bavarians fled in disorder, some towards Zericks- heim, and some towards the bridge on the Danube, while others made for Donawert. Marlborough now entered the works at the head of the leading squadrons, and, recalling the infantry in pursuit of the fugitives, directed the horse to pursue the enemy and com- plete the victory. The carnage which ensued cannot be described. Many were intercepted on their way to Donawert, while num- bers hurrying to the bridge, broke it down by their weight, and were drowned in the Danube. Of the whole, only 3000 rejoined the Elector ; sixteen pieces of artillery, and all their camp equi- page, fell into the hands of the victors. In this desperate con- flict the allies had no less than 1500 killed and 4000 wounded ; and among the slain were eight generals eleven colonels, and twenty-six captains. 1768. Capt. Cosby, in com- mand of a strong detachment of the 1st Madras European regi- ment, attacked the Mysore camp on the morning of the 2nd of July, and routed the enemy. 1804. On the 2nd of July, Brigadier-Gen. Monson, detached from the army of Gen. Lake in the war against Holkar, took the strong fort of Hinglaisghur by storm. 1812. The advance-guard un- der Wellington having crossed the Zapardiel and moved upon Rueda, supported by the left of the army, Lieut.- Gen. Sir Stapleton Cot- ton, with Major-Gens. Anson and Victor Alten’s brigades of cavalry, came up and drove the rear-guard of the French in upon the main body at Tordesillas. July 3. 1563. Defence of Havre. — The Earl of Warwick, in defend- ing Havre de Grace, had not only to contend with the forces of Charles IX., but the old allies of the English, the Huguenots, were distinguished in driving them out of the place which they them- selves had put into their hands. The earl, however, continued to defend his charge with great in- trepidity ; but the succour which he expected from England hav- ing perished by shipwreck, and the loss which the garrison daily sustained from the plague, re- duced him to the necessity of submitting to a capitulation, by which the town was delivered into the hands of the French king. 1592. Storm of Outworks of Steenkirk. — Sir Francis Vere, with the English subsidy of ten ensigns sent by Elizabeth to serve in the army of the Netherlands, took a conspicuous part in storm- ing the outworks of Steenkirk on the confines of Friesland. Sir Francis led one attack with the English, in which he was wounded, 192 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 4. and the Friesland foot and Hol- landers two other attacks upon the outworks of the town, which being carried by assault, the gar- rison beat a parley, accepted terras, and surrendered the fol- lowing day. 1756. French defeated near Oswego. — During the war in America, a French force nearly 700 strong, beside native Indians, disappointed in cutting off a flo- tilla laden with stores and pro- visions, proceeded up the river Ontario to Oswego, and laid in ambush for the return of the con- voy. On the 3rd of July the flotilla appeared, manned by a strong detachment under Colonel Bradstreet, and, near a small island in the centre of the stream, was saluted by the sound of the war whoop, and a general dis- charge of musketry from the north shore. Immediately taking possession of the island, and land- ing on the opposite bank, the co- lonel waited the attack of the enemy, which he gallantly re- pulsed. A second and a third body of the enemy, landing at higher fords of the river, were then met, and defeated by the English, whose total casualties amounted to 70, in killed and wounded; whilst more than twice that number of the enemy were put hors de combat , and 70 pri- soners were taken. 1841. Capt. Woodburn, with a detachment of the forces of His Majesty Shah Shooja-ool-Moolh, under British officers, was des- patched by Major-General Nott from Candahar against a strong body of Affghan insurgents. On the morning of the 3rd an attack of the enemy was vigorously re- pulsed by Capt. Woodburn, who then scoured the country, dis- persed the insurgents, and ulti- mately made them retire from the neighbouring heights, carry- ing off their killed and wounded. The detachment under Captain Woodburn had 12 killed and 28 wounded. July 4. 1783. Attack upon Manga- lore repulsed. — After the fall ofBednore to Tippoo, Mangalore, taken by the British under Gen. Mathews the preceding year, had gathered within its walls the re- mains of the army which had been scattered about the country. From Bednore the sultan pro- ceeded to Mangalore, and invested it with a large army; but it was not till June the following year that he succeeded in making a practicable breach. After an un- accountable delay of nearly a month, a large body of Tippoo’s most daring troops on the 4th of July made a dash at a tower to the left of the western gate of the fortress, but they were gallantly repulsed by its defenders. 1806. Battle of jVIaida. — Major- Gen. Sir John Stuart, em- barking a force of 4800 infantry, with ten 4-pounders, four 6- pounders, and two howitzers, at Palermo, effected a landing in a bay in the Gulf of St. Eufemia, Calabria, on the 1st of July, to oppose the French force under General Reynier, assembled near Monteleone. On the 3rd intel- ligence reached the British that the enemy were encamped near Maida, about ten miles from where they had landed; that their force consisted of 4000 infantry, 300 cavalry, and four pieces of artillery ; and that a reinforce- ment of 3000 was hourly ex- pected. Stuart, thereupon, deter- mined to advance and give battle before this junction. His army consisted of the 27th, 35th, 58th July 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 193 61st, 78th, and 81st regiments, part of I)e Watte ville’s, and the artillery as already mentioned, also detachments of the Corsican rangers, and Sicilian volunteers; and the whole, including the 20th regiment, which came up after the action had commenced, was below five thousand men. On the morning of the 4th, the troops commenced a rapid advance, cheered by the squadron of Sir Sidney Smith, and, after crossing the plain, came full in sight of the French, encamped on the slope of a woody hill, below the village of Maida, — their flanks protected by a thick impervious underwood, with their front covered by the river Amato. But Reynier, re- gardless of his vantage-ground, when he saw the extent of the British, crossed the river with his entire force, now amounting to 7000 foot and 300 horse, and moved forward in double column to the attack. After some sharp skirmishing by the light in- fantry battalion under Lieut.- Col. Kempt, formed from the several regiments, to cover the deploy- ment, the opposing fronts became warmly engaged, particularly on our right. As if by mutual agree- ment, after a few rounds, the op- posed corps suspended their fire, and, in close compact order and awful silence, both advanced un- til bayonets began to cross. At that moment, the thrilling cheer of the British, as they rushed for- ward, so appalled those hitherto invincible veterans of Napoleon that they turned and fled, closely pursued by their gallant anta- gonists, spite of every effort on the part of their leaders to rally them. Brigadier-Gen. Auckland, being on the left of the light in- fantry battalion, also pressed for- ward with the bayonet upon the corps in his front, and drove them with a like success. Successively repelled on our front, Reynier made an effort with his cavalry, supported by his best infantry, to turn our flank, but here they were again defeated by the firm- ness of the troops under Briga- dier-Gen. Cole. At this juncture, the 20th regiment, under Colonel Ross, which had landed that very morning, and had marched with breathless speed to the scene of action, arrived up, and taking possession of a small cover, by a well directed fire so disconcerted the attempt of the French horse, that they were broken and driven upon the fugitive masses, hotly pursued by the victorious British. The loss of the enemy amounted to about 3000 ; for Reynier, ac- cording to the statement of a French officer, left 1500 men, dead or wounded, on the field of battle ; and Sir John Stuart, in his despatch, states that above 700 bodies of their dead had been buried upon the ground, and that lie had in his hands more than 1000 prisoners. By the official return, the loss of the British amounted to one officer, 3 ser- geants, and 41 rank and file, killed ; eleven officers, 8 sergeants, 2 drummers, and 261 rank and file, wounded. July 5. 1420. Montereau taken. — After the consummation of the marriage of Henry Y. of England and Catherine, the daughter of Charles YI. of France, the En- glish monarch and his father-in- law, uniting their forces, pro- ceeded to invest the towns which held out for the Dauphin, and on the 5th of July the fortress of Montereau was taken by the com- bined army. o 194 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. July 6. 1696. Landing at Howat. — A British force landed on the isle of Howat, Quiberon Bay, without opposition, and destroyed the vil- lage, the inhabitants retiring into an intrenched fort. The neigh- bouring islands were also bom- barded and ravaged, although the Erench had a strong force on the adjacent shore. 1840. Attack upon Aden bepulsed. — Early in the morn- ing of the 5th of July, about 4000 Arabs attacked the outworks of the British fort at Aden. Capt. Brown, 10th native infantry, with Capt. Bailey and Ensign Came- ron, were indefatigable in then' exertions to repulse the enemy. About sixty of the Arabs were killed, and nearly 100 wounded; but the British had not a man killed. 1840. Reduction of Chusan. — The island of Chusan was this day captured by the British squa- dron, under Commodore Sir John Gordon Bremer, and a division of the army, commanded by Bri- gadier-Gen. Burrell. On the 4th the Commodore, with the leading ships of the squadron, anchored be- fore the town, and, sending a sum- mons, received a visit from the ci- vil and military authorities, who re- turned to the shore with the terms of surrender. By the following morning the most formidable preparations to resist a landing had been made. The shore was lined with troops, who had 21 guns bearing upon the squadron ; whilst twenty-three Chinese war- junks, which had been hauled on shore, showed about 34 guns besides 45 large gingals ; and a strong joshouse, or temple, had 3 guns before it, and was well gar- risoned. The British transports came in with the flood-tide at noon, and no message of submis- sion having arrived from the shore, at 2 h. 30 m.p. m., the Wel- lesley, Conway, Alligator, Cres- cent, Algerine, Rattlesnake, and Young Hebe, with Atlanta and Queen steamers, opened a can- nonade, which in eight minutes destroyed a battery and four junks, driving the enemy from their guns in every direction. The troops then landed, consisting of the right wing of the 18th royal Irish, under Major Adams, and a battalion, composed of the marines of the squadron, under Capt. Ellis of that corps, followed by detach- ments of the 26th and 49th regi- ments, with Madras artillery, &c. The Chinese troops having re- tired within the walls of the town in rear of the fortified suburb, that quarter was soon occupied by the British, and without sus- taining any loss; whilst about 25 of the Chinese were slain. An occasional fire was kept up by the ships during the day, and some nine-inch mortars and howitzers being landed, were placed in bat- tery to breach the walls ; but by the next morning the place was found abandoned, and the con- quest of the island was complete. July 6. 1706. Reduction of Ostend. — The preparations for the siege of Ostend by the confederate forces under Marlborough, being at length matured, the trenches were opened on the night of 28th June, on the south-west front of the place. A heavy and inces- sant fire from the besieged did not obstruct the progress of the assailants; and on the 1st July the batteries were completed, and mounted with artillery. Arrange- ments being made with Admiral Fairborne, a fire was opened on the 3rd both by land and sea, which, before the following morn- July 7. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 195 ing, set the town in flames, and the sea defences were reduced to ruins. The counterscarp was carried on the 6th, and the be- sieged, after a fruitless sortie, beat a parley. According to the ca- pitulation, the garrison quitted the place without military honours. Two large ships of war and 45 smaller vessels were found in the harbour, and this valuable con- quest was achieved with the loss of only 500 men. 1781. Americans defeated. — The successful expedition of Lord Cornwallis across James river, Province of Virginia, in North America, has already been noticed. His Lordship was now about to recross in full force near James Town, and retire to Ports- mouth, as the British army under his command was not in suffi- cient strength to enable him to occupy the country. He conse- quently marched from Williams - burgh, and encamped in a com- manding position, so as to cover a ford into the island of James Town, and on the 5th and 6th of July passed over the carriage, bat- horses, and baggage. As soon as this movement became known to the Marquis de la Payette, in command of the American army, he, by forced marches, approached James Town, in hopes of attack- ing the rear of the British. Lord Cornwallis favoured the idea that the main body of British had passed the river, when in reality they had their chief strength to oppose the enemy, whose attack on the encampment was com- menced by riflemen and militia, followed by the appearance of La Payette, with continentals, militia, and artillery. The British advancing in two lines, soon dispersed the militia; but on the left, the 3rd, 76th, and 80th re- giments, under Lieut.-Col.Dundas, had tougher work with the Penn- sylvanian line, the continentals, and artillery. After a sharp ac- tion, the Americans were routed, their guns taken, and at the close of day, the morass in whi ( ch they took refuge alone saved them from being utterly de- stroyed. They lost about 300 in killed, wounded, and prisoners, out of a force of little more than 2000 men; whilst the English had 70 men killed or wounded, and among the latter five officers. 1783. We have already made mention in our columns for the 4th of July of the defence of Mangalore, by the remains of Gen. Mathews’s army, opposed to the overwhelming force brought against it by Tippoo. On the 6th a general attack was made by the besiegers upon the north co- vered way, which was repulsed with greater gallantry than the attack on the 4th, although the garrison had every day become more weakened by privation and disease. 1809. St. Domingo surrenders. — An expedition, commanded by Major- Gen. H. J. Carmichael em- barked in transports and on board a British squadron under Capt. Cumby, at Jamaica, landed on the island of St. Domingo on the 29th of June. On the 1st of July a summons was sent to the French General Barquier, re- quiring him to surrender the city of St. Domingo without blood- shed, but it was not until every preparation was made for an as- sault, that the place surrendered on the 6th of July. July 7a 1704. Reduction op Aicha. — Among the early successes of the confederate army under the Duke of Marlborough and 196 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 8. Prince Eugene, was the occupa- tion of Aicha in the Netherlands. The regular garrison abandoned it on the approach of the allies ; but about 900 partisans, Boors, and others, were taken prisoners, whilst many others who would not submit were slain ; and in consequence of this obstinacy the town was plundered. 1742. Action at Georgia. — The Spaniards haying fitted out an expedition from the Havannali, as shown in the Naval columns for the 5th inst., and landed at Georgia, South Carolina, Gen. Oglethorpe destroyed all the stores and vessels that might be of use to the enemy at St. Simon’s Town, and retired on Frederica, where he resolved to make a stand. On the morning of the 7th of July the enemy approached the town, and were engaged by a party of rangers and the Indian allies of the British, until the general, with the highland com- pany, came up to their support, when the Spaniards and Indians were completely routed and many prisoners taken. Another affair occurred with a detachment of the enemy during the same day, when the British were for the moment thrown into disorder, and retreated ; but, rallied by Gen. Oglethorpe, they returned to the charge in time to se,e the enemy worsted by a detachment of highlanders under Lieutenant Charles Mackay, supported by a platoon commanded by Lieut. Sutherland. In these two actions 3 of the Spanish officers and 1 60 men were killed, and a consider- able number wounded and taken prisoners. The English loss was not severe. 1777. Americans defeated. — Brigadier- Gen. Frazer, with grenadiers and light infantry, pursuing the American garrison which had abandoned Ticon- derago, overtook a division of the enemy on the route to Hub- berton, which turned out to be about 1500 of the best armed marksmen under ,Col. Francis, who at once took up a position behind a breastwork formed by logs of wood. The brigadier, though in much less strength than the Americans, made a gal- lant defence, sustaining the ac- tion until reinforced by German troops under General Reidesel. The enemy then retreated with great precipitation, having had about 200 men killed and wound- ed, and the same number taken prisoners ; and amongst the slain was the gallant Col. Francis. The English loss amounted to 120 men killed and wounded. 1779. The forces under Major- Gen. Tryon, co-operating with a squadron commanded by Sir George Collier, in the expedition from New York against the se- veral towns on the coast of that province, for intercepting the trade through the Sound, de- stroyed the town of Fairfield in the Connecticut, together with several whale-boats. July 8. 1695. Siege of Namur. — At the commencement of the siege of Namur, Lord Cutts having encamped at Templeux some re- giments of British guards, Dutch, and other troops, an assault was undertaken by a force under Major- Gen. Ramsay, consisting of the 1st battalion of Coldstream, the Scotch and Dutch guards, and the grenadiers of other regi- ments, when the French were driven from their covered way and other works, suffering great loss. While the Dutch broke ground near the village of Bou- July 9. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 197 arge, the other troops returned to camp. 1752. The fort of Vellore, held by the French and sepoys, sur- rendered to the English force under command of Major Law- rence. 1810. Reduction of the Is- land of Bourbon. — An attempt had been made upon the island of Bourbon in the month of Sep- tember of last year, and after the English had met with some suc- cesses the expedition was aban- doned. The troops in the present enterprise, under Col. Keating, were landed from a British squa- dron on the 7 th of July. The tempestuous state of the weather interrupted the general debarka- tion; but the 1st brigade, consist- ing of H. M/s 86th regiment and part of the 6th regiment of Ma- dras native infantry, with some artillery and pioneers under Lieut.-Colonel Fraser, effected a landing, and, pushing forward, occupied the height to the west- ward of St. Denis, the capital, — cutting off its communication with the important town of St. Paul before the other division of the army had arrived from the eastward of the coast, where they had been put on shore. The colonel descended from the height with the, 86th regiment, and encountered the enemy, formed in two columns, with ar- tillery, and supported by a re- doubt, with guns of heavy calibre, on their flank. A charge with the bayonet soon decided the fate of the island ; and though the French attempted to rally in rear of the redoubt, they were beaten out of it, and the British, taking possession, turned the guns upon the town. In a few hours a flag of truce arrived with a proposal of surrender ; the main body of the army only came up to the scene in time to receive the subjection of the island to the British crown. The loss of the English was but one officer, Lieut. Munro, H. M.’s 56 th foot, 17 non-commissioned officers and men killed, and 59 wounded. 1824. Stockades stormed. — In order to drive the Burmese from the immediate neighbour- hood of Rangoon, where the Bri- tish force, under Sir Archibald Campbell, had concentrated, an attack w r as made upon the stock- ades at Pagoda Point by two strong detachments, one of which w^as under the commander-in- chief, the other commanded by Gen. M‘Bean, which, having got into the rear of the enemy unper- ceived, carried the stockades with great gallantry. The 13th and 38th regiments, supported by the [Madras European regiment, drove the Burmese from one stockade to another, until seven were successively carried, — Col. Abbot, Bengal engineers, having led the escalade. Many hun- dreds of the enemy w r ere slain ; while the loss of the British was comparatively small. July 9. 1695. Reduction of Casal. — The confederate army, under Prince Eugene, having invested Casal, in the principality of Pied- mont, tw r o attacks were projected, — one on the bastion of the citadel over against the city, the other against the wall communicating with it. Between the 25th and 30th June, several vigorous at- tacks were made upon the enemy’s works, and the besiegers had now approached within 150 yards of the palisades ; and the 4th July all the works w r ere completed. On the 5th the cannonade was so w r cll maintained that the enemy 198 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. July lO abandoned the counterscarp and the covered way. On the 6th the confederates came within thirty yards of the glacis, — the Spaniards at the same time main- taining an incessant fire from thirty-six pieces of cannon and ten mortars; and on the 8th they posted themselves on the glacis of the counterscarp, on the side of the citadel, and erected breaching batteries. On the morning of the 9th the Marquis de Crenan, de- spairing of any succours, beat a parley; the capitulation followed, and was ratified on 11th July. It stipulated that the fortifications of the city should be levelled, and the outworks demolished at the expense of the allies. 1709. Sortie repulsed. — Tournay, held by the Erench, and besieged by Marlborough and Prince Eugene, was regularly in- vested on the 6th of July, and the trenches opened during the night between the 7th and 8th. The 1 first sortie of the garrison, which took place on the 9 th, was re- pulsed, the sallying party suffer- ing great loss. 1758. Sortie prom Louis- bourgh repulsed. — The Bri- tish expedition against Louis- bourg, under Admiral the Hon. E. Boscawen, the army com- manded by Major- Gen. Amherst, has already been noticed in the Calendar of June. After the land- ing on the 8th of that month, and the unsuccessful sortie of the Erench on the 13th, nothing of im- portance occurred except the con- tinued erection of works against the town ; a most laborious service, rendered more severe by the small- pox breaking out in the camp, the interchange of a severe can- nonade, and the silencing of some J of the enemy’s batteries. Skir- ; mishes with parties of the be- j sieged were of frequent occur- rence, without any decided ad- vantage on either side ; until the 7th of July, when a company of Forbes’ grenadiers, commanded by Lord Dundonald, was sur- prised in a fleche to the right of the British trenches, and suffered some loss ; but the immediate support of a detachment under Major Murray changed the for- tune of the day. The sortie was repulsed with the loss of Captain the Chevalier de Chauvelin and 1 7 men killed, a lieutenant and 4 men wounded and taken pri- soners, whilst many others were carried into the town. July 10. 1794. A force consisting of three companies of European, and a battalion composed of the 26th and 27th regiments of native, in- fantry, with artillery, under com- mand of Col. Pendegrast, and was sent against the Rajah Vi- ziaram Kauze, who at first stood upon the defensive, being un- willing to do more against the British troops than maintain his ground. On their approach, how r - ever, a heavy fire was opened upon them, as it would appear without orders from the rajah; but the effect made the British fall back in some disorder. The artillery stood their ground, and our troops having rallied, and, enraged at their momentary dis- comfiture, bore down all before them, giving no quarter. The rajah was slain, with some hun- dred of his faithful Rachawar adherents, and among them se- veral of the principal men of the district, which, now perfectly sub- dued, fell into the hands of the British Government. 1830. Successful attack of Cavalry. — The Rajah of Ukol- kate, holding out against the Bri- July 11' CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 199 tish force sent from the Sholapore to reduce him to subjection to the Rajah of Sattarah, his fortress was this day regularly invested by Lieut.-Col. Robertson. Pre- vious to the commencement of the siege proposals were made to the garrison for their surrender; but these being only answered by a tire from the fortress, orders were given to drive their cavalry, which were hovering round the British troops, into the town. A detachment of the 1st Bombay light cavalry performed this ser- vice in gallant style, — at the first onset commanded by Lieutenant Poole, but in mid career by Brevet- Capt. Sparrow, who unfortunately, after having dispersed and driven in the enemy’s hordes of horsemen, rode under the very walls of the fort to attack some stragglers, from whom he received a mortal wound, after having cut down three of the enemy with his own hand. Lieut.-Col. Robertson, in brigade orders of the day, com- mending the conduct of the 1st Bombay light cavalry, passes a high eulogium upon the heroic bravery of this young officer, who died the same night, universally regretted by his brother officers. 1796. Surrender of Porto Ferrajo. — A small squadron under Commodore Nelson, in the Captain, 74, conveying troops, took up a position before the town of Porto Ferrajo, a place mount- ing 100 pieces of cannon, in the island of Elba, on the 9th of July. On the same evening the troops under command of Major Duncan were landed about one mile to the westward of the town, and imme- diately marched close to the gate on the west side. At 5 o’clock on the morning of the 10th terms were sent to the governor, pro- posing that the place should re- main under the government of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, the object of the expedition being to prevent its falling into the hands of the French; and he gave him two hours for consideration. The governor, in reply, requested one hour more to confer with the principal inhabitants ; and at the expiration of that time, the terms having been accepted, the British took possession of the town and fort of Porto Ferrajo at ten o’clock in the forenoon. July 11. 1762 . Surrender of Wal- deck. — During the campaign of the English and their allies against the French in this year, the castle of Waldeck, about eleven leagues from Cassel, capi- tulated to a British detachment under Gen. Conway, the garrison surrendering on condition of being allowed to march out with the honours of war, agreeing not to serve against Great Britain or her allies for the space of one year. 1768. The army under Major- Gen. Smith having concentrated at Kistnagherry, for the invasion of Mysore, its advanced guard under Col. D. Campbell ascended the pass of Boodicottah on the 8th June, and, entering the valley of Yellore, reduced the strong forts of Mulwalgul and Colar before the 28th. Hyder’s force having retired under the walls of Bangalore, a strong detachment under Capt. Cosby, marched on 1st July to make a night attack on the Mysore camp. On the approach of this force shortly after daylight, Muckdoor Saib was compelled to retire with considerable loss. The fort of Ossoor was taken on the 11th, and, shortly afterwards, Anicul and Dencanicota likewise fell. 200 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 12. The want of provisions and am- munition detained the army at Ossoor until 4th August, when the Mahratta chief, Morai Rao, joined Gen. Smith with 3000 ca- valry. 1791. An attack was made upon Coimbetore, by a detach- ment of Tippoo’s forces. The fortress, which had been almost dismantled, was held by Lieut. Chalmers, with a small garrison of Topasses and a company of Travancore sepoys, commanded by M. de la Combe, a French officer in the Rajah of Travan- core’s service. His orders were, in case of the appearance of a strong force, to fall back upon Palacatchery, where Major Cup- page, in command of the province, had several battalions and artil- lery ; but the gallant lieutenant stood a siege, and, with the aid of the Travancore troops and their French commander, repulsed the enemy, after they had breached the walls and attempted to storm. Major Cuppage falling in with the Mysoreans in their retreat, completed their discomfiture, taking two guns. 1814. Reduction of Moose Island. — Lieut.- Col. A. Pilking- ton, deputy adjutant-general, was j detached from Halifax by Lieut.- Gen. Sir J. C. Sherbroke, to take command of the expedition against this island. The squa- dron under Capt. Sir Thomas Hardy, in H. M. S. Ramifies, with transports, conveying the troops under Lieut.- Col. Herries, consisting of 102nd regiment artillery under Lieut. -Col. Ni- cholls, and sappers and miners under Capt. Dunn, anchored off East Port, in Passamagusaddy Bay, Moose island. A summons was sent to the principal fort, requiring the surrender of the island, but this being rejected, the troops, already in the boats before the summons was sent, pushed off from the ships to effect a landing. The Americans seeing that the English were not to be trifled with, capitulated. July 12. 1191. Siege of Acre.— Acra, St. Jean d’ Acre, the ancient Pto- lemais, being in possession of Sa- ladin, Sultan of Egypt, he de- termined to drive the Christians out of Palestine. These being as- sisted by the Christian nations of Europe, gave rise to a third cru- sade in 1 1 89, when Richard, King of England, took an active part in the siege of Acre, which held out until 12th July, 1191. Dur- ing the two years, 6 archbishops, 12 bishops, 40 earls, 500 barons, and 300,000 soldiers, perished be- fore the place. Richard consented to grant the fives of the garrison, and exchange them for the like number of Christian captives in the sultan’s possession ; but Sa- ladin refusing this proposal, the garrison, amounting to 5000 per- sons, were put to the sword, to the dishonour of Christian chivalry. This example of cruelty was fol- lowed by the sultan, who slew all the Christians that had fallen into his hands, exceeding 2000 persons. 1779. The town of Newhaven, province of Connecticut, North America, was taken by an expe- dition under command of Major- General Tryon, landed from the British fleet under Sir George Collier in the early part of this month, when the public build- ings, stores, shipping, &c., were destroyed. This was followed by another landing, and the destruc- tion of the village of Fairford, on the 8th, in consequence of the inhabitants having fired on July 13. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 201 our troops from the houses. On the 12th a division of the army again disembarked, and for the first time met with serious resist- ance ; but having at length driven the enemy from Drummond Hill and the heights near the village of Norwalk, captured one piece of artillery, and destroyed salt- pans, magazines, &c., the detach- ment re-embarked. 1799. Reduction of Fort St. Elmo. — After the surrender of the city of Naples to Nelson, the strong fort of St. Elmo still hold- ing out, the British and Portu- guese marines, under Capt. Trou- bridge, landed from the fleet to attack it, co-operating with a corps of Russians. The siege had lasted eight days, when the approaches of the besiegers and breaching batteries were within 180 yards of the ditch. By this time most of the enemy’s guns being dis- mounted, and a large mass of their works thrown down, the French, expecting a speedy as- sault, capitulated on the 12th of July. The return of killed and wounded on the part of the Bri- tish, was 5 officers and 32 rank and file killed, 5 officers and 79 rank and file wounded. Capt. Troubridge, in his despatch, speaks in the highest terms of Lieut.- Col. Strickland and Major Cres- well of the marines. 1813. Capture of Ocracoke. — Rear-Adm. Cockburn, with a squadron having on board de- tachments from several regi- ments, the whole under command of Lieut.-Col. Napier, appeared off the island Ocracoke, North Carolina, on the 11th of July. The object of the expedition was to break up the trade carried on by the Americans from the island by means of their inland naviga- tion, and to destroy their ship- ping. The British squadron having anchored off the port of Ocracoke on the 12 th, as the boats with the troops entered the harbour a fire was opened upon them by two armed vessels ; but this being speedily silenced by the English gunboats, a landing was effected without opposition, and possession taken of the island of Ocracoke and Portsmouth. July 13. 1558. Battle of Gravelines. — Count Egmont, governor of Flanders for Philip II. of Spain, having, by command of that monarch, gathered an effective army of 12,000 foot and 3000 horse, besides a countless host of peasants, anxious to take ven- geance on the French for the despoliation of the country, sud- denly came up with their army, under Marshal de Thermes, near Gravelines. The intention of the marshal was to retreat to Calais, avoiding a battle ; but although now unable to effect this, he still succeeded in crossing the mouth of the Aa at low-water. Where- upon Count Egmont passed the river below Gravelines, and, with- out waiting for his artillery, threw himself in the direct route of the enemy. The French marshal, finding that he had no resource left but the valour of his troops, made a careful dis- position of his force, placing his right wing to rest on the river, his baggage-guard being on the left, while the front and centre were supported by his artillery and cavalry, Count Egmont, dividing his cavalry into three divisions, at once dashed on the enemy, exclaiming, — “The vic- tory is ours, if every one who loves glory and his country will follow me.” The French army, chiefly comnosed of Gascons, fought 202 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 14, bravely ; but the German auxili- aries could not be made to take part in the contest; yet the enemy maintained their position until a most extraordinary reinforce- ment for a field of battle came to the aid of Count Egmont, which afforded the English an import- ant share in the victory of Grave- lines. A fleet of British men-of- war at this most critical moment hove in sight at the mouth of the river, and, nearing the land, commenced a cannonade on the xight wing of the French. This interruption completely decided the fortune of the day. The French infantry and cavalry, mingled in confusion, could no longer stand the assaults of the Flemings, and in a short time the rout became general. Many French officers of high rank were taken prisoners, including the Marshal de Thermes. The Spanish army had 500 slain. The British fleet of course escaped with im- punity ; but it was acknowledged by both the belligerent parties, that this victory, which led to the submission of France in a treaty of peace upon most inglorious terms, was mainly won by the opportune co-operation of the Bri- tish squadron. 1694. Dieppe bombarded. — On the 8th July, Admiral Russel, in command of the British fleet, with four regiments on board, appeared before the town of Dieppe, for the purpose of bom- barding the place. Foul weather prevented the commencement of their operations till the 12th, when the bombardment com- menced, and was continued with great fury until the morning of the 13th. The streets being narrow and the houses old, the greater portion of the town was reduced to ruins. After inflicting this awful punishment unon the coast of France, and, according to one historian, having landed a small force and re-embarked with impunity, the English fleet hauled off, leaving the town still in flames. July 1£. 1563. The French were this day repulsed by the Earl of Warwick, in an attack upon one of the defences of Havre, the siege of which town, already mentioned in our Calendar, was still pertinaciously continued by the French and their new, and England’s old and faithless, al- lies — the Huguenots. 1690. Reduction of St. Chris- topher’s. — The landing of an expedition against St. Chris- topher’s was noticed in our co- lumns for the 21st of June. The principal port of the island in Basse Terre was bombarded by a squadron of British frigates on the 26th ; and after this demon- stration the land forces com- menced their approaches, which were carried on until the 11th of July, by which time the trenches were within pistol-shot of the fort. Meanwhile the besieged had thrown up many works of defence ; but at length their means of communication with a well being cut off, and further resist- ance utterly useless, the island surrendered to Major-General Thornhill. The English lost about 100 men in killed and wounded. 1763. Action at Cutwa. — A deputation was sent by the president and council of Calcutta to the Nabob Cossim Ali Cawn, at Patna, for the purpose of ar- ranging some commercial diffi- culties arising out of the condi- tion's of a treaty. The immediate result of this embassy was a still UBKAStf OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS July 15. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 203 further disagreement ; and the Nabob, seizing some boats for the payment of port dues, Mr. Ellis, the resident at Patna, hav- ing troops at his command, after some resistance took possession of the town. But, on the follow- ing day, the Nabob, mustering a strong force, recaptured Patna, and the British forces were all either killed or taken prisoners, and Messrs. Amyot and Wollas- ton, of the deputation, w T ere also killed on their road to Calcutta. In consequence of these outrages, Major Adams, with H. M.’s 84th regiment, 150 Europeans of the Company’s forces, two troops of European and one of native ca- calry, 10 companies of sepoys, with 12 guns, were ordered to take the field and proclaim a rival prince, Jaffier Ali Cawn, Nabob of Bengal. Six companies of sepoys, under Lieut. Glenn, having been attacked near Cutwa by a vast horde of the enemy’s cavalry, which they with difficulty repulsed, Major Adams sent 50 European infantry and a troop of horse, three additional com- panies of sepoys, and two pieces of cannon, under command of Capt. Long, of H. M.’s 84th regi- ment. These, uniting to the sup- port of Lieut. Glenn, made an attack upon the village of Cutwa on the 14th, and, after a sharp resistance, drove the enemy out of the plain, with considerable loss, j Three guns abandoned by the j enemy were found in the village. July 15. 1099. Capture of Jerusa- lem. — Many English and some Irish shared in the capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders on the 15th of July, 1099, when 70,000 infidels were put to death. These soldiers of the Cross had followed Robert of Normandy to the Holy Land, and would obey no other orders but those of this Anglo-Norman Prince, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. 1702. On the 15th of July, which was soon after intelligence reached the West Indies that war had been declared between Eng- land and France, an English fleet of twenty men-of-war and trans- ports, under Commodore Walk- er, appeared before the island of St. Christopher’s. Major General Hamilton, who commanded the troops on board, immediately sent a summons on shore; and,, after some delay, the island ca- pitulated the same evening, the enemy evacuating and delivering up the post of the ravine of Guil- lon as a token of surrender. This proceeding much infuriated the Count de Guines, the go- vernor, who it appeared was not aware of the post having been given up ; he, however, signed the capitulation on the following day, a petition for his compli- ance having been sent him by the inhabitants. The garrison, con- sisting of 250 men, were allowed to march out with the honours of war, and such inhabitants of the island as desired it, were sent to Martinico. 1761. Action near Kirch Denckern. — Lord Granby, with the British contingent of the con- federate army, on the 15th of July was encamped on the heights of Kirch Denckern, forming the left of the allies. Here he was at- tacked in the evening by the French, driving in an outpost ; but Granby holding the key of the confederate position, and being supported by the Prince of Anhalt’s troops and other divi- sions of the army under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, main- tained his ground, giving Gen. 204 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 16. Wutgenau, with a corps of Ger- mans, orders to drive the French out of the woods. This was gallantly effected, and Granby’s important position secured for the night ; Gen. Wutgenau hold- ing the ground he had taken from the French on the left of the British, and extending his position for the protection of the road to Ham, while Gen. Howard sent two battalions which occu- pied and barricadoed the village of Kirch Denckern, supporting them with a brigade of cavalry and an- other of infantry, underLords Pem- broke and Frederick Cavendish. 1813. Siege of San Sebas- tian. — It being necessary for the prosecution of the siege of San Sebastian to seize upon the de- oouches of mountains towards Vera, on the 15th of July Wel- lington advanced the 7th light division of the allied army. The French, after making a slight resistance, withdrew their posts to the top of the Puerto de Vera, the allies taking possession of the heights overlooking Sara, and oc- cupying Vera and the heights above that town. On the same day the batteries of the left attack, aided by some howitzers, from the right of the Uramea, set the convent on fire, silenced the mus- ketry of the besieged, and so damaged the defences that the Portuguese attached to the 5th division were ordered to feel the enemy’s post. July 16. 1710. Spanish Army defeated by General Stanhope. — Dur- ing the war in Spain, in which the English took part with King Charles against his rival Philip, Lieut.- General, afterwards the Earl of Stanhope, was, on the evening of the 16th of July, at the head of the allied army, with the enemy in its front, near the village of Almanara. Obtaining reluctant permission to make an attack upon the cavalry, the king asked him what general would command in so desperate an on- slaught. “ Who but I,” replied Stanhope, and led the British and Spanish horse against 22 squa- drons of Castilian cavalry, sup- ported by other brigades of horse, and 9 battalions of infantry. Charging at the head of sixteen squadrons of English dragoons, with six in reserve, he was met by the apparently overwhelming numbers in the midst of the field. The shock was tremendous, but the enemy speedily broke ground from left to right. King Philip’s guards were routed, losing a standard and some kettle-drums; and the squadron of support also fled. The infantry making little resistance, the British horsemen rode victoriously over the field, slaying numbers, until night closed upon the scene. The Spanish army continued their route for several successive days, closely pursued by the allies. 1760. Action near Emsdorf. — The allies, commanded by Fer- dinand of Brunswick, consisting of Luckner’s hussars, Elliot’s English dragoons under Major Erskine, and other squadrons of cavalry, surprised and defeated a large body of French under Major-Gen. Glanbitz, in a defile of the moun- tains near the village of Emsdorf, in Germany: several battalions of the enemy laid down their arms, and 4 pieces of cannon were cap- tured. Many of the French were slain at the onset, and a great number of officers and men made prisoners, including the major- general and several officers of high rank. The- loss of the allies was about 85 killed, and 95 wounded. July 17. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 205 1761. French defeated near Kirch Denckern. — After the unsuccessful attempt made by the French upon Lord Granby’s camp mentioned in a previous column, the enemy concentrated their forces; and now commanded by Marshal de Broglio in person, prepared to attack the confede- rate army. Granby still held his camp ; while two battalions de- fended the village of Kirch Denck- ern, and Gen. Wutgenau main- tained the ground he had taken from the French the evening be- fore. The action commenced by an assault on the Germans here posted, but little impression was made upon them. The enemy then showed an intention of making for some elevated ground which commanded Lord Granby’s camp and the lines of the confederate army. To prevent this, a general advance was made of the allied forces, and, after a short resist- ance, the enemy gave way, re- treating in great confusion, with the loss of several pieces of can- non. Their loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners, was estimated at more than 5000 men. Nine guns and six stands of colours fell into the hands of the confederates, whose total loss was only 300 killed, 1000 wounded, and about 200 made prisoners. July 17. 1405. The castle of Marke, three leagues from Calais, held by the English, was beleaguered by the Earl of St. Paule, acting for the French, with 500 Genoese, 1000 Flemings, and 500 men -at- arms. Sir Robert Aston at once came to the relief of the castle from the town of Calais, with a far inferior force ; some historians say with only 200 archers and 300 men-at-arms. With these troops he routed the besiegers; and St. Paule fled, having numbers slain, and leaving many nobles, knights, and men-at-arms pri- soners in the hands of the British. 1695. Attack of Namur On the 8th of the month mention was made of the first success of the English against Namur. On the 17th of July, William III. of England still being with the army, which was under command of Lord Cutts, ordered an attack upon the counterscarp. The trenches having been pushed suf- ficiently near to afford a pro- bability of success, in the evening the attack commenced. The glacis was most obstinately de- fended by the besieged, but the English and their allies carried everything before them, and the counterscarp was gained. The loss to the besiegers was 700 in killed and wounded. The loss of the besieged could not be ascertained, but it was very considerable. 1705. On 17th July the Duke of Marlborough at break of day surprised the French force at Hespen and Helexum, drove them from their fortified lines, and, having partly levelled them, enabled the cavalry to pass the barriers. Here they were met by 50 squadrons and 20 battalions, supported by eight pieces of can- non under the Marquis d’Allcgre ; but a gallant charge of British cavalry threw the enemy into some confusion, and a second charge entirely routed them, with severe loss ; and many prisoners fell into the hands of the victors. 1709. Tournay, which had been invested since the 16th of June by the confederate army, sur- rendered to Marlborough and Prince Eugene on 17th July, the garrison retiring into the citadel. 1812. The capture of the Fort of Michilemachinac by a com- 206 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 18. bined force of English troops, Canadians, and native auxiliaries, under Capt. Roberts, was the first success of the British army in the war with America this year. 1813. Content of San Bar- tolomeo stormed. — Active operations against the convent and redoubt of San Bartolomeo, the advanced worx oi San Sebas- tian, commenced on the 10th July; and by the 15th, four bat- teries, mounting 20 heavy guns and four howitzers, were in full play from the sand-hills. On the 1 7th, the convent being nearly in ruins, the assault was ordered to take effect. The storming party, under the direction of Major. - Gen. Oswald, was formed in two columns. Detachments of Wil- son’s Portuguese, supported by the light company of the 9th regiment and three companies of the royals under Major-Gen. Hay, composing the right, were to as- sail the redoubt; whilst the left, consisting of Portuguese and three companies of the 9 th regiment, under Col. Cameron, attacked the convent. The Portuguese advanced slowly, whilst the com- panies of the 9th regiment, passing through them, fell upon the ene- my with the usual impetuosity of British soldiers. The French being driven from the redoubt by the fire of the batteries, Col. Cameron assaulted the convent and the houses of the suburb, which were carried after some sharp fighting. The troops in the right attack also gained the redoubt, but in an attempt upon the cask redoubt, were beaten back. The loss of the French was 240 men. The operation, although successful, was attended with considerable loss to the allies. The companies of the 9th under Colonel Cameron had sixty men killed and wounded, including among the slain Capt. Woodman of the 9th regiment. July 18. 1545. French Invasion of Sussex defeated. — A French fleet under Admiral Danebalte appeared on the coast of Sussex, and landed troops at Brighthelm- stone, to ravage the country. The beacons on the heights being fired, the country people came down upon the invaders, and be- fore they could inflict much in- jury beat them back, and many of them were slain before they could regain their ships. 1794. During the siege of Calvi, in Corsica, the French being compelled on 6th of July to eva- cuate fort Mollinochesco, a heavy fire continued with little intermis- sion until the 18th of that month. The enemy’s batteries being considerably damaged, and a breach appearing practicable on the west side of the Mozello, which was a bomb-proof star fort, mounting ten guns, with a bat- tery of six on its right, flanked by a strong intrenchment, a general attack was ordered to take effect upon the outworks. An hour before daybreak a signal- gun being fired for the troops to ad- vance, Lieut.-Col. Moore, with the grenadiers and light infantry and 2nd battalion of the royals, covered by two pieces of artillery, moved towards the enemy with unloaded arms, and, in spite of a sharp opposition, carried the Mozello. At the same time Lieut.-Col. Wemyss, with the Royal Irish regiment, supported by two guns, gained the battery without firing a shot. 1812. Action near Castre- jon. — Marmont having concen- trated his whole army at Nava del Rey, near the Duero river, on July 19. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 207 17th of July, Wellington direct- ed Bock’s, Le Marchant’s, and Alten’s brigades of cavalry to move to the support of the fourth and light divisions, and Anson’s cavalry, posted on the Trabancos ; whilst the fifth division remained at Torrecilla, six miles in rear of Castrejon. At daybreak on the 18th, Cotton’s outpost having been driven in, the cavalry and light artillery immediately formed in front of the two infantry di- visions, the light division form- ing the right ; but they were con- siderably apart, and separated by a ravine, while on the other side of a hill lay the whole French army. Cotton having pushed his cavalry forward towards the river, they soon became exposed to the ene- my’s artillery ; the 43rd regi- ment was therefore moved though Castrejon to their support. Cot- ton maintained this exposed posi- tion with firmness and skill until seven o’clock, when Wellington and Beresford arrived. At this moment a body of French ca- valry, making an impetuous rush, and intermingling with the British squadrons, went like a whirlwind down the hill, carrying away Lord Wellington and the other generals, who with drawn swords and some difficulty got clear of the tumult. Marmont now ad- vanced upon the Guarena, the British retiring by Torrecilla ; the 5th division in one column on the left, the 4th division on the right, and the light division in line, nearer the enemy, whilst the cavalry were on the flanks and rear. Then were seen the hostile columns only half musket- shot from each other, the officers on each side waving their hands in courtesy, while the German cavalry rode between in a com- pact body, as if to prevent a col- lision, but now and then the sound of bullets came sweeping over the columns. After thus moving for ten miles, the head of the division entered the stream of the Guarena between Osmo and Castrillo, and the whole had not reached the opposite bank before forty guns opened upon them from the heights. Marmont now push- ed the head of his right column over the river at Castrillo, but Wellington, anticipating this movement, brought up the other divisions of his army. The bri- gade of French cavalry under Carier, supported by a column of infantry, were repulsed by a bayo- net charge by the 4th and 40th regiments and Alten’s horsemen, and the general made prisoner. The enemy’s loss amounted to 500 killed and wounded ; and on the part of the allies, 95 killed, 393 wounded. July 19. 1333. Battle of Hallidowne Hill. — Edward III., king of England, espousing the cause of Baliol against Bruce, laid siege to the town of Berwick. To re- lieve that place, Douglas, with a large army, arrived at Bothville, near Hallidowne Hill, on Monday 19th July, and drew up his forces in four divisions. The English formed in the same manner upon the hill, flanked by archers. The Scotch ascended to the attack with great impetuosity; but the flight of arrows and large stones rolled down upon them, and their general being killed, they became dispirited. Edward, then putting himself at the head of his men, surrounded the enemy, and a horrible carnage ensued. Up- wards of 13,000 fell in the battle and in the pursuit; while a com- paratively small number suffered on the part of the English. The 203 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 20. town and castle of Berwick sur- rendered on the following day. 1762. Siege of the Havax- naii. — About noon on 19 th July, the British, at the siege of the Havannah, took possession of the covered way before the point of the right bastion of the Moro castle, and the former sap was carried on at night, and another begun along the covered way be- fore the right face, where a lodg- ment was made. 1763. Army of Cassim Ali Cawn routed. — In consequence of the treacherous murder of se- veral of our countrymen at Moor- shedabad, by order of Nabob Cassim Ali Cawn, lately in alli- ance with the English, Major Adams, with H. M.’s 84th regi- ment, 150 of the Company’s ser- vice, two troops of cavalry, and 10 companies of sepoys, took the held in the early part of July. On the 19th this force attacked the Nabob’s army, which was intrenched with several pieces of cannon on their right, whilst their left was protected by marshy ground, and opposite to them was the fort of Cutwa ; but a movement on their left made them alter their whole position. At this moment 2500 Patna horse, with 1000 sepoys, attacked the British with great resolution, advancing under a heavy fire until they had reached within fifty yards, when a discharge of grape and musketry put them to flight, leaving all their cannon. They were pursued by the cavalry, who made great slaughter, and the fort of Patna fell into our pos- session. Between 7000 and 8*000 men were slain, including their commanding officer Mahomeed Zuchy Cawn. 1807. Action near Monte Video. — A landing having been effected on 19th July by the Bri- tish without opposition, in a small bay about nine miles from Monte Video, the troops moved towards the town. The right column, under the Brigadier-Gen. Lumley, -was soon opposed by four thousand cavalry, occupying two heights, one in front and the other on the left. The Spaniards opened a fire of round and grape as the troops came within range ; but a gallant charge by the light battalion under Lieut.-Colonel Brownrigg drove the enemy, and they retreated with the loss of one of their guns. July 20. 1304. Surrender of Stirling Castle. — On this day Stirling Castle surrendered at discretion to Edward I., after having held out since it was beleaguered on the 22nd April ; its fortifications being almost a heap of ruins, and the provisions of the garrison exhausted. Sir William Oliphant was the gallant defender of this last bulwark of Scotland, which now was entirely subjected to Edward. 1702. Reduction of Graven- brock. — The Duke of Marlbo- rough, when commanding the allied army in Holland, directed Lord Cutts to proceed with a detachment, accompanied by some field-pieces and two howitzers, to attack the castle of Gravenbrock, garrisoned by the French. In the course of a few hours this little fortress, which in Milner’s Journal of the Campaign is called the Chateau , surrendered at dis- cretion. The loss on either side was very trifling. 1791. Surrender of Raya- cotta. — The strong hill-fort of Rayacotta was invested by the brigade of Major Gowdie on the 19th July, and a summons for its July 21. CALENDAR CiT VICTORY. 209 surrender being refused by the killidar, the major-general, on the morning of the 20th, carried the lower fort by assault, and soon afterwards gained possession of two walls, which formed a middle fort between the lower and the one on the summit of the high precipitous rock. Rayacotta was much too strong to be re- duced, if properly defended, and Gowdie was ordered to fall back if it did not surrender ; but he had by this time made a lodgment on the hill, and requested further assistance. Two more breaching guns were therefore sent to him, with a regiment, on the 22nd, and the main army making at the same time a demonstration of advancing to his support, the killidar surrendered. July 21. 1403. Battle of Shrews- bury. — Thomas Percie, Earl of Worcester, and Harry Percie, sur- named Hotspur, having rebelled against Henry IV., leagued with Owen Glendower to divide the kingdom of England between Edmund, Earl of March, and the said Glendower, and Earl Percie; — being assisted by a large body of Welsh, and of Scotch, under the Earl of Douglas, who had only lately ransomed himself out of Percie’s hands, having lost an eye when taken prisoner at the battle of Holmedon. These to- gether forming a large army, were about to lay siege to Shrews- bury, and having assembled their forces near that place, were at- tacked by the English army, commanded by Henry in person. After some little negotiation had taken place, which on the part of the Percies was highly insulting to the king, the battle commenced by a cloud of arrows, shot on both I sides, and the van of the English was boldly assailed by the Scotch. The Welsh, who had remained under cover of the surrounding woods and marshes until the strife had well begun, now poured out fresh men to the support of the Percies, who had also received considerable reinforcements from Cheshire and other English coun- ties. At the onset, the battle went against the royal party; but Henry arriving with a formid- able reserve, and leading on his soldiers with the cry of “St. George,” threw the rebel force into disorder ; then, following up this success, the enemy gave way at all points. In vain did Harry Percie perform many acts of heroism, charging with the Scotch, under the Earl of Dou- glas, up to the king, who had nearly become his prisoner. But there were those who stood firmly round their sovereign; and, at this critical moment, when the Earl of Stafford, and the royal standard-bearer, Sir Walter Blunt, had fallen, Henry was unhurt, although he was seen everywhere in the thickest of the fight; while his son, who in after years became the renowned con- queror of Prance, fought by his side, and though wounded in the face by an arrow, kept the field and performed astonishing acts of valour ; whilst on the other side. Hotspur supported the renown he had acquired in many a well fought field, and 2300 gentlemen, with 6000 private soldiers were slain on this memorable day. Henry’s loss amounted to 1600 killed, and above 3000 wounded. The rebel Percie lost above 4000, including most of the knights and squires of Cheshire. 1545. After the repulse of the French on the coast of Sussex, the fleet, said to be two hundred p 210 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 22. sail, under Adm. Danebalte, ap- peared off the Isle of Wight on the 20th, and the English navy in Portsmouth harbour made im- mediate preparations to attack the enemy. The Mary Rose, one of the largest ships, passing from the harbour with her lower-deck ports open, which were not more than sixteen inches from the water, was overset in a squall ; only 40 out of a crew of 400 being saved. On the 2 1st, the French made several attempts to land on the Isle of Wight, but were repulsed with the°loss of their commander, the Chevalier Daux, and a great number of men. The remnant having regained their ships, the fleet returned to the coast of France. July 22. 1298. Battle of Falkirk. — Notwithstanding the terms of sub- mission entered into by the Scotch, with Edward I. of England, m 1297, they revolted before the ex- piration of tw elve months, and took the field under Sir William Wal- lace. Edward having assembled an army of 90,000 men, marched to Falkirk, where a Scotch force of 30,000 men had assembled. He found them with palisades in their front, drawn up in three divisions of pikemen, with archers on their flanks, and the horsemen in the rear. Edward having made his dispositions of attack, ordered the charge to be sounded, which was answered by the Scots with such a hideous yell, that the king s horse, being frightened, threw his rider ; but the monarch, remount- ing, led his troops with such im- petuosity, that the enemy soon gave way. Wallace maintained the fight until darkness set in, when he accomplished a retreat with the remainder of his force, leaving 12,000 dead on the field ; whilst the victorious army did not lose 100 men. 1812. Battle of Salamanca. The position of the hostile ar- mies on 22nd July embraced an oval basin formed by ranges of hills that rose like an amphithe- atre, of which the two Arapiles rocks, occupied respectively by troops of either nation, might be considered the door-posts. This basin was about a mile broad from north to south, and above two miles long from east to west. The allies were in position on the northern and western, whilst the French right was posted on the eastern heights; and their left, composed of Thomieres’ division, with the artillery and light cavalry, were moving along the southern side of the basin. About 3 o’clock in the afternoon, Wellington, per- ceiving that the enemy’s left wing was entirely separated from the centre, directed an immediate at- tack on that point by the troops on the English Arapiles. The 5th division instantly formed on the right of the 4th, connecting the latter with Bradford’s Por- tuguese, who hastened forward from the right, and the heavy cavalry galloping on their right, closed this front of the battle. The 6th and 7th divisions, flank- ed on the right by Anson’s light cavalry, formed the second line, which was prolonged by the Spaniards towards the 3rd divi- sion ; and this last, supported by two squadrons of the 14th dra- goons, and D’Urban’s Portuguese horsemen, forced the extreme right of the army. Behind all, on the highest ground, the first and light divisions of Pack’s Portuguese were disposed in heavy masses as a reserve. Mar- mont, perceiving from the Ara- piles the determined advance of the 3rd division under Paken- July 22. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 211 ham, hurried towards the point of attack, and was severely wounded by an exploding shell. About 5 o’clock this division became en- gaged with the French left, under Thomieres, at a moment when that general expected to see the British in retreat upon Ciudad Rodrigo, closely followed by Marmont from the Arapiles. The enemy, under cover of their artil- lery, endeavoured to display a front ; but Pakenham bearing onwards through the skirmishers, broke their half-formed lines, and sent the whole in confusion upon the advancing supports. Tho- mieres, falling back upon the wooded heights whilst he offered a front towards the 3rd division, prepared to meet the 5th divi- sion, Bradford’s brigade, and the main body of cavalry and ar- tillery. Meanwhile Bonet’s troops were sharply engaged with the 4th division, whilst Maucune kept his menacing po- sition behind the Arapiles. At this period the command had fallen upon Gen. Clauzel, whose division had come up from the forest, and the connection of the centre and left, had in some measure been restored. Thus, in less than half an hour, and be- fore an order of battle had been formed by the enemy, their left had been turned, and their com- mander-in-chief, with two other generals, placed hors de combat. The 3rd and 5th divisions were pressing forward on the corps of Thomieres, united to that of Clau- zel, when Le Marchant’s heavy horsemen, flanked by Anson’s light cavalry, broke forth at full speed ; twelve hundred infantry, though formed in several lines, were trampled down, and the 3rd division followed, shouting, as the French masses fell before their powerful antagonists. The ene- my’s left was entirely broken, and more than 2000 prisoners were taken. While these events were passing on the right, a terrible battle raged in the centre. The 4th and 5th divisions, moving in line, were sharply engaged with the corps of Bonet and Clau- zel ; and the latter officer, by an able disposition, had not only concentrated the dispersed corps, but attempted to stem the tide of victory. Pack’s Portuguese be- ing defeated in an attempt to drive the enemy from the Ara- piles, gave a moment’s exulta- tion to the French, and several gallant affairs took place with the 4th and 5th divisions. The crisis of the battle had now arrived : the charge of the 6th division was overpowering, but the strugglewas not a slight one, and hundreds of gallant warriors fell on either side. At length the changing current of the fight once more set for the British. Maucune abandoned the Arapiles, Foy re- tired from the ridge of Colvarisa, and whilst the Allies maintained their ground, that gallant officer had an opportunity of distin- guishing himself, when, in cover- ing the retreat of the French army, he became opposed to the 4th and 6th divisions of the Bri tish. Forces present at the battle of Salamanca, 22nd July 1813: — Allies. British cavalry - 3,314 „ infantry - 22,067 25,381 Portuguese cavalry 1,500 „ infantry 16,017 17,517 Spanish cavalry - 500 „ infantry - 3,000 3,500 Total Allies - 46,398 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 23. 212 The French consisted of 46,000 men, 4029 of whom were killed, 7761 wounded, 645 missing. Total 12,435 Allies. British killed, wounded, and missing - - 3,186 Allies „ - - 2,038 Total - 5,224 July 23. 1695. Siege of Namur. — During the siege of Namur an assault was made on the covered way between the Porte de Fer and the bastion of St. Roche. The 1st battalion of 1st or royal regiment, formed part of the storming party, which, after a sharp contest, succeeded in effect- ing a lodgment. 1812. Affair at La Serna. — During the few hours of dark- ness which succeeded the battle of Salamanca, Gen. Clauzel had with wonderful diligence passed the Tonnes, and at daylight on the 23rd was in full retreat upon Peneranda, pursued by the vic- torious army under Wellington, who came upon the French rear near the village of La Serna. Two battalions threw themselves into squares when attacked by Brock’s dragoons ; and although the Germans fell by tens and twenties under the steady fire of the enemy, the rest kept together, and, rushing on the column, went clean through it ; and, as the squares retreated, several hundred prisoners were made by these daring horsemen. “ This charge had been successful even to wonder, and the joyous vic- tors, standing in the midst of their captains, and of thousands of admiring friends, seemed in- vincible ; yet those who witnessed the scene remained convinced of this military truth, that cavalry are not able to cope with veteran infantry, save by surprise.”* When the French main body found their rear-guard attacked, they turned to its succour ; but seeing the light division coming up, recom- menced the retreat, and were followed to Nostra de Sotraval. Chauvel’s horsemen soon joined them, and covered the rear with such resolute perseverance that the allied cavalry, reduced in numbers and fatigued by con- tinual fighting, did not make any further attempts to stay their progress. Thus Clauzel carried his army clear off, and with such celerity that his head-quarters were that night at Flores de Avila, forty miles from the field of battle. 1839. Ghuznee carried by storm. — The army under Major- Gen. Sir John Keane left Can- dahar on 27 th June to assail the celebrated fortress of Ghuz- nee. This fort, rising upon the side of a hill, was surrounded by a ditch and a high wall, flanked by towers and protected by a citadel. A heavy fire was opened from it on the British troops as soon as they came within range. As no heavy artillery suitable for a siege accompanied the army, it was resolved to take the place by storm, and the whole of the 22nd July was spent in making preparations. By three o’clock, on the morning of the 23rd, the detachments were at their re- spective posts, and the guns, principally field-pieces, at points commanding the eastern face as well as the Cabul-gate of the for- tress. Not a shot was fired by the Afghans until they were aroused from their security by a feigned attack on the opposite quarter. The storming party, under Col. Dennie, having ap- * Napier. July 24. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 213 proached the Cabul-gate, opened a lire upon the ramparts, which commanded the entrance, and, hags of powder being attached to the gates, burst them open. The British instantly rushed into the town, where the Afghans dis- puted the ground inch by inch. Every street was strewn with slain ; and of the garrison, which consisted of 3500 men, more than 500 were killed within the walls, and 50 men fell in defence of a fortified house. Before sun- rise the British colours waved on the citadel of Ghuznee. Pro- tection was granted to such as laid down their arms, and among the prisoners was Kyder Khan, son of Dost Mohammed. July 24. 1763. Lines of Mootejil stormed. — On the breaking out of hostilities between the English and Meer Cossim Ali, in Bengal, a corps of 750 Europeans and 1200 sepoys, and some native cavalry, under command of Major Adams, marched against him on 2nd July, and after the victory gained over the Nabob’s troops, as we have related on the 19th, the same force stormed the lines at Mootejil on the 24th, which gave the English possession of Moorshedabad. 1759. Reduction of fort Ticonderago. — In the early part of June, an army of 6300 men, with 5000 provincials, com- manded by Major- Gen. Amherst, assembled at fort Edward, and on the 11th moved to the banks of lake George, where they em- camped until the 1 6th July, when, having embarked and moved down towards Ticonderago, on the 22nd the troops effected a landing in perfect order. As the army advanced, they soon be- came engaged with the outposts of the enemy, which they soon routed ; and having reached to within two miles of the fort, the general took up a position until the artillery arrived up. The governor, knowing that his lines could not hold out against this formidable force, on the 23rd abandoned his intrenchments and retired within the fortifications. The fort was square, with four bastions, surrounded on three sides by water, and on half the fourth by a swamp ; and where that failed, the French had erect- ed a breastwork nine feet high. Near the water-side was a strong redoubt, protecting the dock and commanding the navigation. The grenadiers having taken posses- sion of the intrenchments, on the 24th a sharp fire was opened upon them from the fort, but with little effect ; and every ne- cessary step was taken to hasten the reduction of the place. 1759. French defeated near Detroit. — Lieut.-Col. Massey, acting under the orders of Sir Wm. Johnson, with the light infantry pickets of the line, two companies of grenadiers, part of the 46th regiment, and a party of Indians, were attacked by the French in considerable force col- lected from Detroit and Preque- isle, together with a body of Indians, the whole under com- mand of Aubrey de Signery. The British, with the Indians on their flank, gave the enemy such a warm reception that in the course of an hour the whole force was routed, and their com- mander, with other officers and many men, taken prisoners. 1812 . Skirmish near Ribera. — After Gen. Drouet’s retreat to Azagua in Estremadura, General Hill placed a strong division at Merida ready to cross the Tagus. r 3 214 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 25. On the 24th July Gen. Lallemand, with three regiments of cavalry, having pushed hack some Por- tuguese horsemen from Ribera to Villa Franca, was attacked by Major-Gen. Long, while his left was menaced by Gen. Slade ; but he succeeded in repassing the defile of Ribera. Long then turned both his flanks, and, by the aid of Lefebre’s horse artil- lery, drove him a distance of twenty miles upon Llera, with the loss of fifty men and many horses. Drouet, desirous to re- taliate, immediately executed a flank march towards Merida, and Hill, fearing for his detach- ments there, made a correspond- ing movement, whereupon the French returned to the Serena ; but though Drouet had positive orders from Soult to give battle, no action followed. July 25.. 1813. Battle of Ronces- yalles. — Soult, putting himself at the head of Clauzel’s divisions at daylight on 25th of July, led them up against the rocks of Alto- biscas ; whilst Gen. Byng, antici- pating this movement, had taken measures to concentrate his troops. Throwing out a multitude of skirmishers, the marshal pushed forward his supporting columns and guns as fast as the steep- ness of the road would per- mit, and endeavoured to force Byng’s position ; but the British, undismayed by the number of the assailants, fought with great de- termination. The French fell fast among the rocks, and their rolling musketry pealed in vain for hours, along that cloudy field of battle, elevated five thousand feet above the level of the plains. About midday, the French, being reinforced, renewed their attack, gathering more thickly on the front of Byng. All their efforts were resisted ; and Ross’s bri- gade coming up the pass of Mendichure, appeared at the in- stant when the head of Reille’s column was on the point of cut- ting off the communication with Campbell, who had apprised Ge- neral Cole of the enemy’s pre- sence. Ross’s column, composed of a wing of the 20th regiment and a company of Brunswickers, was on the summit of the Lin- douz, when it unexpectedly en- countered Reille’s advanced guard. A company of the 20th charged the 6th French light infantry ; many men fell on both sides, but numbers prevail- ing, these daring soldiers were compelled to fall back. But Ross gained his object ; for the remainder of the brigade arriving up, the pass of Atalosti was se- cured, yet with a loss of 1 40 men of the 20th regiment and 41 of the Brunswickers. During these movements the skirmishing of the light troops continued, but a thick fog prevailing, Soult was prevented from making disposi- tions for a general attack with his six divisions ; and when night fell, Cole, who had only eleven thou- sand bayonets to oppose thirty thousand, still held the great chain of the mountains, with a loss of only 380 men killed and wounded. 1813. Battle of Maya. — The passes of Aretisque Les- sepa and Maya, held by the bri- gades of Pringle and Cameron, not exceeding 3000 men, were attacked by D ’Erlon, whose whole force amounted to 18,000. The French numbers were so over- powering that, checked at one point, they assembled with in- creased force at another, compel- ling the 28th and 39th regiments, fighting desperately, to fall back on July 26. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 215 the road to Elizondo. Cameron meanwhile, whilst holding the pass of Maya with the left wings of the 71st and 92nd regiments, brought their right wings and the Portu- guese guns into action, and thus maintained the fight. The slaugh- ter was so dreadful* especially of the 92nd, that the advancing enemy was actually stopped by the heaped mass of the dead and the dying ; and then “ the left wing of that noble regiment coming down from the higher ground, smote wounded friends and ex- ulting foes alike, as, mingled to- gether, they stood or crawled be- fore its wrath.”* The Erench gained ground until 6 o’clock, when Gen. Barnes, with a brigade of the 7th division arriving from Echallar, charged at the head of the 6th regiment, and drove the enemy back to the Maya ridge. D’Erlon, probably supposing that greater reinforcements had come up, reunited his whole corps on the Col. He had lost fifteen hun- dred men and a general, but had captured four guns. The British lost fourteen hundred in killed and wounded. July 26. 1758. Reduction op Louis- bourg. — An expedition for the reduction of the Erench colony of Louisbourg, or Cape Breton, com- posed of 21 ships of the line, two of 50 guns, and several smaller vessels, with 150 transports, con- veying an army of 11,936 men, commanded by Major-General Amherst, arrived at Halifax on the 9th of May. On the 8th of June, the first division under Bri- gadier Wolfe, effected a landing in Gabarus bay, in spite of a de- * Napier. termined opposition, and drove the enemy into Louisbourg, leav- ing several pieces of cannon in the hands of the invaders. The weather continued so unfavour- able, that the surf would not ad- mit of the total debarkation ol the troops until the 11th, when effectual dispositions where made for the reduction of the place. The garrison of Louisbourg at that time consisted of 2500 regu- lars, 350 Canadians, and 300 mi- litia. In the harbour were five sail of the line, one ship of 50 guns, four frigates, and two cor- vettes. On the 13th, the enemy made a sortie to destroy the works we had erected, but were driven back with loss. The can- nonade from the town, island, and the ships, was maintained until the 25th, when the island battery was silenced. On the 29th, in order to retard the opera- tions by preventing the possibility of the fleet entering the harbour, the French sank the 50-gun ship Apollon, a frigate, and the two corvettes, at the entrance. On the 12th of July, the enemy made another sortie, and were again driven into their lines, with the loss of 30 men. The firing con- tinued with vigour on both sides, until the 21st, when the explosion of the 74-gun ship Entreprenant causing the destruction of the Celebre and Capricieux, 64s, the French became dispirited. By the 25th, the fate of the be- sieged seemed determined, and the garrison being sadly dis- couraged by the capture of the remaining two ships, as related in our Naval column, terms of capitulation were proposed on the 26th, which being rejected, the Governor, after some hesita- tion, submitted to the stipulation that the garrison should be con- veyed to England as prisoners of 216 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 27, war. The casualties during the siege of Louisbcurg were Killed. Wounded. Officers 12 24 Non-commis- sioned do. 10 7 Rank and file - 150 320 172 35T Total - - 523. 1793. Siege of Valenciennes. — A successful attack was made during the night on the horn- work of the fortifications of Va- lenciennes, in which the assail- ants established themselves. Three attacks, with 900 men in each, were formed ; one upon the salient angle of the ravelin of the horn- work, one upon the salient angle of the half bastion upon the right, and one upon the Jleclie. The column which moved towards the ravelin was composed of Bri- tish, Hanoverian, and Hessian troops, the other two consisted of Austrians, and the advance was formed by 150 men of the bri- gade of guards, followed by 150 of the line, with an equal number of Hanoverians, — and 300 Hes- sians composed the rest of the column; and these were accom- panied by a party of the artificers. This attack was commanded by >laj or- General Abercromby, un- ler the directions of the Austrian Lieutenant-General Erbach. The springing of the three globes of compression, as the signal for the attack, took place at short intervals; the first fired at nine o’clock. The two columns upon the left advanced with rapidity, rushing out of the sap which had been carried during the preced- ing nights to within a very small distance of the crest of the glacis. The enemy, almost instantaneously driven from the covered way, abandoned the horn-work and all the outworks of the place. A passage having been discovered leading under-ground from the ditch into the work, and no op- position being made, the lodg- ment was effected before daylight, when the troops remained in pos- session ; whilst the attack of the Jleclie upon the right was com- pleted with equal vigour and suc- cess. The total loss of the com- bined forces upon the occasion did not exceed 150 in killed and wounded. The enemy had many killed, and some prisoners were taken. July 27. 1346. Caen taken. — Edward III. having invaded France, over- ran Normandy, and after reduc- ing Barfleur, Cherbourg, Mont- bourg, and St. Lo, proceeded to attack Caen. The Comte d’Eu, Constable of France, at the head of a numerous army, moved for- ward to meet the English, and having given them battle, was speedily defeated. The victo- rious army vigorously pursuing the fugitives, entered the town with them, and plundered the place, after much opposition. In consequence of the excesses committed by the elated troops, Edward proclaimed that those who submitted should have their lives spared: upon this assurance the citizens laid down their arms. 1799. The marines of the Bri- tish squadron at Naples, under Lieut.-Colonel Strickland, in con- junction with Portuguese and Russian troops under the direc- tion of Capt. Troubridge of the navy, having taken up a position for the reduction of the fortress of Capua, on which 108 pieces of artillery were mounted, a bridge was thrown across the Volturno on the 22nd of July, to establish a communication between the dif- July 2 a. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 217 ferent detachments of the army, and batteries thrown up, which opened their fire on the 25th. On the 26th fresh trenches were opened, and new batteries com- menced within a few yards of the glacis. This rapid approach in- duced the enemy to propose terms of capitulation, which being re- fused, the French general acceded to the stipulation that the garri- son of Capua should not serve until regularly exchanged ; and that force, consisting of 199 of- ficers and 2618 non-commis- sioned officers and rank and file, under Brigadier- Gen. Girardon, marched out with the honours of war on the 29th, and were con- veyed to Toulon. 1809. Action near Talavera. — Marshal Victor, observing that the summit of the hill on the left of the British army before Tala- vera, which was the keystone of the whole position, remained un- occupied, resolved to seize it by a sudden assault. The evening was approaching when the divi- sion of Ruffin moved to the at- tack, susported by Villatte, while Lapisse was to fall on the Ger- man legion. Although opposed by the brigade of Donkin, until compelled by the increasing num- bers of his opponents to fall back, the French gained the summit ; but Hill, putting himself at the head of the 29 th regiment, drove the enemy with the bayonet. Having re-formed in one mass, the French advanced up the hill with redoubled vigour. The fighting then became desperate ; and in the darkness, the opposing flashes showed with what a reso- lute spirit the struggle was main- tained; for the combatants were scarcely twenty yards asunder. For a time the event seemed doubtful; but soon the well-known shout of the British soldier was heard, rising above the din of arms, and the enemy’s broken troops were driven once more into the ravine below. Lapisse, who had made some impression upon the German legion, immediately aban- doned his false attack, and all firing soon ceased. The loss of the British was about 800 men, and that of the French not less than 1000. 1813. Action of the 27tii of July. — Early on the morning of the 27th of July, Wellington ob- serving from the village of Sauro- renClauzel’s divisions movingfrom Zabaldica along the crest of the mountain, was convinced that the allied troops in the valley of Lanz were intercepted. Giving imme- diate directions for everything in that valley to move to the right behind the hills, to the village of Oricain, in rear of the position then held by Cole’s division, his lordship hastened up the mountain to reach his troops. “ His pre- sence ” observes Napier, “ was hailed with a cry of joy, and the shrill clamour, caught up by suc- cessive regiments, swelled as it ran along the line into that stern and appalling shout which the British soldier is wont to give upon the edge of battle, and which no enemy ever heard un- moved.” Soult’s first effort was to gain a hill on which the 4 th Portuguese regiment and a Spa- nish corps were posted; but the attack, though vigorous, did not su cceed. The French were driven with the bayonet, and the position reinforced by the 40th British re- giment. July 2S» 1809. Action on the Morning of 28tii July. — The corps of Gen. Ruffin, drawn up two regi- ments abreast, supported by a 218 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 28. third, in columns of battalions, moved soon after daybreak against the left of the British m front of Talavera, followed by Villatte’s division, preceded by a burst of artillery, that rattling round the heights, made great havoc in the English ranks, -he guns being next directed towards the British centre and right, the grenadiers instantly closed upon Gen. Hill’s division, and the con- flict was maintained with singular obstinacy; the general himself rvas wounded, and his men were falling fast. The enemy, who had suffered considerably , re- treated slowly at first; but, unab e to sustain the increasing fury ot the English, and having lost abot e fifteen hundred men in the space of forty minutes, the whole mass broke away in disorder, and re- turned to the former position, under cover of their powerful ar- tillery. At this crisis, when a great battle was at hand, the Spanish camp was full of con- fusion. Cuesta inspired terror but no confidence ; and Albu- querque, just as the French were -coming on to the final attack, sent an officer to apprise the com- mander-in-chief that Cuesta was betraying him; but Wellington, on receiving this startling mes- sage, dryly replied, Very well, you may return to your bugade. 1809. Battle of Talavera. It was about half-past one o clock when Victor gave the signal foi battle, and eighty pieces of artil- lery sent a tempest of bullets be- fore the light troops, who, coming swiftly forward, were closely fol- lowed by the broad black column* in all the majesty of war Ihe fourth corps rushcd witl the wonted impetuosity of French soldiers on Campbells Portu- guese; but that general, assisted by Mackenzie’s brigade and )) I two Spanish battalions, met the advancing columns with loud shouts, and pushed them back with a terrible carnage. They rallied, but the artillery and musketry of the British flayed too powerfully upon their masses, and a Spanish regiment of ca- valry making a charge on their flank, the whole retired m dis- order, and ten guns were taken. While this was passing on the riobt, Villatte’s division, preceded by the grenadiers and supported by two regiments of light cavalry, advanced against the left. These were charged by Anson’s brigade, composed of 23rd light dragoons and 1st German hussars, lhey rode boldly forward, but the French, throwing themselves into squares, and being supported by the Polish lancers andW estphalian horse, made such havoc on the 03 rd already overmatched, that two hundred and seven men were killed or taken prisoners. During this time, the hill, the key of the position, was again attacked by Lapisse, but his columns were received with such determination, that they gave way in disorder. In the excitement of the moment, the brigade of guards followed up the success with inconsiderate ardour. Wellington, foreseeing the issue of this rash chaige, ordered the 48th down the lull, and at the same time Cottons light cavalry to advance. These dispositions gained the duy. The French relaxed their efforts by decrees: the fire of the English grew hotter, their loud and con- fldent shouts resounded along the whole line, as the French army retired to its original po- sition, and about six o clock . a 1 hostility ceased. On the Bntish side, two generals (Mackenzie ant Lancworth). and 798 officers am men were killed; three general CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 219 July 29. 3910 officers and men, wounded; and 652 missing. The French lost two generals and 944 men, killed, 6294 wounded, and 156 prisoners. Of 17 guns captured, ten were taken by Campbell’s division, and seven were left in the woods by the French. 1813. Battle of Sauroren. — About midday, Clauzel’s troops in the valley of Lanz, rushing down the ridge beyond the river in one mass, had turned the left of Gen. Cole’s division, when a Portuguese brigade ap- pearing on the crest of the hill, checked their advance; and the 6th division emerging from behind the same ridge, formed across the enemy’s front. They were likewise assailed by two brigades of the 4th division on their left, Rnd driven back with consider- able loss. At this moment, an- other French division endeavour- ed to gain the chapel height, and : at first they carried all before them ; but Boss's brigade moving rapidly forward, shouting loudly, drove them down the hill. Other columns advancing boldly, crown- ed the heights ; and charge suc- ceeded charge, each side by turns having the advantage, until Bvng’s and part of Anson’s bri- gades came forward at a running pace, and rolled the hostile masses down the mountain side. The 27th and 48th regiments fell upon the enemy three separate times with the bayonet, and lost more than half their own numbers. Meanwhile, Reille’s corps made great efforts to gain the Spanish hill ; but here they met the same indomitable spirit which had re- pelled the other attacks, nor did their cavalry obtain better success. Of the French force, amounting to 25,000 men, two generals and 1800 men were killed or wounded. The strength of the allied army did not exeed 12,000 men. Of these 2600 were either killed or wounded. July 29. 1813. After the sanguinary struggle on the preceding day, which Lord Wellington, fresh from the fight, with homely em- phasis called “ bludgeon-work,” the armies on the 29th July rested in position, without firing a shot ; but the wandering divi- sions on both sides were now entering the line. General Hill, having sent his baggage, artillery, and wounded to Berioplano, be- hind the Christoval ridge, still occupied his strong ground be- tween Lizasso and Arestegui covering the Marcalain and Izur- zun roads, and menacing that leading from Lizasso to Olague m rear of Soult’s right. His communication with Oricain was maintained by the seventh, whilst the light division approached his left. Thus on Wellington’s side the crisis was over. He had vindicated his position with onlv sixteen thousand combatants"; and now, including the troops still maintaining the blockade of Pampeluna, he had fifty thou- sand — twenty being British in . close military combination. Thirty thousand, flushed with success, were in hand ; and Hill’s troops were well placed for re- suming the offensive. Soult’s situation was proportionately dif- ficult. Finding that he could not force the allies’ position in front, he had sent his artillery and part of his cavalry, together with his wounded men, back to France immediately after the battle, ordering the two former to join Villatte on the lower Bi- dassoa, and there await further instructions. Having relieved 220 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 30. himself of this burthen, he now awaited D’Erlon’s arrival by the valley of Lanz ; and that general reached Ostiz, a few miles above Sauroren, at midday on the 29th, bringing intelligence, obtained indirectly during his march, that Gen. Graham had retired from the Bidassoa, and that Villatte had crossed that river. This gave Soult a hope that his first movements had disengaged San Sebastian ; and he instantly con- ceived a new plan of operations, conformable to the critical state of his affairs. Supposing the bulk of the combined army were in his front under Wellington, he resolved to prolong his right with D’Erlon’s corps, and, cautiously withdrawing the rest of his army, place himself between the allies and the Bustan, in military con- nection with his reserve, and closer to his frontier magazines. Thus posted, and able to combine all his troops in one operation, he expected entirely to relieve San Sebastian. In the evening the second division of cavalry joined D’Erlon, who was ordered to march early on the 30th, by Etulain, upon Lizasso. During the night, Martiniere’s divi- sion of infantry, with the first division of cavalry, retired over the mountains of Illurdos to Eugui, in the upper part of the valley of the Zubiri, to join D’Erlon. The remainder of Reille’s corps was at the same time to march to Sauroren ; and having relieved Clauzel, who was to follow D’Erlon, they were themselves to proceed by the same route. In the night Soult was apprised that three divisions were to make an offensive movement on the 30th, towards Lizasso ; and when daylight came, he dis- covered certain columns descend- ing the ridge of Christoval, while others were in march apparently to turn Clauzel’s right. July 30. 1762. Siege of the IIavax- nah. — About two o’clock in the morning the enemy sent a float- ing battery out of the harbour of the Havannah to fire into the ditch where our miners were em- ployed but produced no other effect than a short interruption of the work ; and the covering party soon compelled them to retire. About 2 o’clock in the afternoon the mines were sprung : that in the counterscarp without much effect ; but that in the bas- tion having thrown down a part of both faces, made a breach which was considered practicable. The troops under orders for the assault were immediately moved to the attack, and, having ex- peditiously formed on the top of the breach, drove the enemy from every part of the ramparts. The Spaniards’ loss amounted to 130 killed ; about 400 threw down their arms, and the rest were either killed in the boats, or drowned in their attempt to reach the Havannah. The loss of the British in this gallant affair amounted to two killed and thirty wounded. 1813. Combat of Buenza. — At six o’clock in the morning, Eoy’s division of Reille’s wing was in march along the crest of the mountain from Zabaldica towards Sauroren, where Mau- cune had relieved Conroux’s corps, which was moving up the valley of Lanz to rejoin Clauzel, who had concentrated his divi- sions between Olabe and Ostiz. 'Wellington, opening his batteries -from the chapel height, sent skirmishers against Sauroren ; and the fire spreading to the July 30, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 221 allies’ right, became brisk between Cole and Foy. It subsided, how- ever, at Sauroren, and Soult, re- lying on the strength of his posi- tion, ordered Reille to maintain it until nightfall. He then has- tened to join D’Erlon, for his design was to fall upon the force attempting to turn his right, and crush it with superior numbers. The marshal overtook D’Erlon as he entered the valley of U1- zema, with three divisions of in- fantry and two of heavy cavalry, and was making dispositions to assail Hill, then between Buenza and Arestegui. The allies, who were about 10,000 fighting men, occupied with their right an ex- tensive mountain ridge, while their left, extending towards Buenza, was insecure. D’Erlon, who had not less than 20,000 men, was followed by Martiniere’s division of infantry. D’Arma- gnac made a false attack on the right of the allies, and Abbe, fol- lowed by Maranzin, endeavoured to turn the left. Neither move- ment was successful, until Abbe, turning that wing, gained the summit of the mountain. Hill, who had lost 400 men, then re- tired to the heights of Equaros, where, being joined by Campbell and Morillo, he again offered battle ; but Soult had now gained his main object, — he had turned Hill’s left secured a fresh line of retreat, and a shorter commu- nication with Villatte by the pass of Donna Maria, and more- over the great road to Tolosa was within his power. When Wellington saw that the enemy had abandoned the mountains above Elcano, and that Zabaldica was evacuated, he ordered Picton to enter the valley of Zubiri and turn the French left, the 7th division to sweep over the hills beyond the Lanz river upon the French right ; and whilst the march of Campbell and Morillo ensured the communication with Hill, that general was to point his columns upon Olague and Lanz, threatening the enemy’s rear. Meanwhile Byng’s brigade and the 6th division, and some cavalry were combined to assault Sauroren. 1813. Second Battle of Sauroren. — Picton having at daylight gained the valley of Zubiri, threw his skirmishers upon the flank of Foy’s corps, and Gen. Inglis, advancing with only 500 men of the 7th division, as- sailed and overthrew two regi- ments covering Clauzel’s right, and drove them into the valley of Lanz, and, although he had sus- tained the loss of two-thirds of his men, with the remainder spread in skirmishing order along the descent, opened a sharp fire upon the flank of Conroux’s divi- sion, then moving up the valley in support of the two broken regiments. The 6th division, now led by Gen. Pakenham, in the ab- sence of Pack, who was wounded on the 28th, moved to the left of Sauroren, whilst Byng’s brigade rushed down the chapel height against that village, defended by the troops of Maucune. At the same time the battery near the chapel kept up a murderous fire upon Conroux’s column. Byng, by hard fighting, carried the vil- lage, and took no less than 1400 prisoners. Foy, thus hard pressed, abandoned his position, and fell back along the summit of the mountain between the vallej^s of Zubiri and Lanz. Meanwhile Wellington drove Clauzel as far as Olague, and, being joined by Martiniere’s division, took up a position covering the roads of Lanz and Lizasso. The loss of the allies in this conflict amounted 222 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 31 to 1900, in killed, wounded, and missing, in the two battles of this day ; and of these nearly 1200 were Portuguese. The loss of the French was enormous : 2000 men, at the lowest compu- tation, had been killed or wounded, and 3000 prisoners were taken; moreover numbers were dispersed in the woods and ravines, whilst the divisions of Conroux and Maucune were completely dis- organised. July 31. 1709. Surrender of Tour- nay. — At an early part of the campaign, the allies, commanded by the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene, made dispositions to give battle to the French army under Marshal Villars; but he un- advisedly retired on the approach of the confederates, thereby re- ducing the garrison of Tournay to strengthen his own forces. It con- sequently became necessary to be- siege the city, and on the 27th of June it was duly invested. The trenches were opened between the 7th and 8th of July, and the siege prosecuted with so much vigour, that on the 28 th the garrison pro- posed terms for the capitulation of the town, which they surren- dered on the 30th. On the fol- lowing day, the Marquis de Sur- ville, the French governor, retired into the citadel with his garrison, amounting to 4000 men ; at the same time the French sick and wounded, to the number of 800, marched out to be conducted to Douay, and the Earl of Albe- marle, who was appointed govern- or took possession of the town. 1760. Battle of Warbourg. — Gen. Sporcken’s corps marched from the camp of Kalle to Liebe- nau at 4 o’clock in the after- noon of the 29 th, and on the same evening the hereditary Prince of Brunswick followed, with the two English battalions of grenadiers under Col. Beck- with, and two of highlanders, "with four squadrons of dragoons. The army was under arms all day on the 30th, and about eleven at night — having marched to Liebenau in six columns at about five on the 31st — the whole force formed on the heights near Cor- beke. The enemy was posted with their left near the eminence approaching Ossendorff and their right towards Warbourg, into which place they had flung Fischer’s corps. The hereditary prince immediately attacked the enemy’s left flank, and after a sharp struggle compelled them to give way and fall back upon Warbourg. The main body was at the same time moving forward to attack them in front, but only the British cavalry under General Mostyn, arrived up in time to share the glory of the day, having made several successful charges on both their infantry and cavalry. Capt. Phillips brought up his ar- tillery with such expedition, that the cannonade compelled those who had crossed the Dymel, and formed on the other side, to retire with the utmost precipitation. The enemy left 1500 men and ten pieces of cannon on the field of battle. The total loss of the Bri- tish alone amounted to 590 men. 1813. Combat of Donna Maria. — At 10 o’clock in the ! morning, General Hill overtook Soult’s rear-guard between Le- zasso and the Puerto. The 7th division was already ascending a mountain on his right, and the French having gained a wood on the summit, opened a sharp fire. Gen. Stewart being wounded when leading the 2nd division, was succeeded by Pringle, -who August I, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 223 broke the enemy at the moment that the 7th division dispersed their right. That division re- mained on the mountain, whilst Hill fell back to Lizasso, and then, moving by the passes of Donna Maria and Villatte, joined Wel- lington in the Bustan. Mean- while Bvng reached Elizondo, where he captured a large convoy of provisions and made several hundred prisoners. August 1. 1759. Battle of Minden. — On the 31st of July the position of the allied army under Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, amount- ing to 70,000 men, extended from Thornhausen to Hille, a line of nine miles, while the French with a superior force, under the Marshal Contades, about seven miles dis- tant, being more compact, did not take up the space of three. Before daybreak on the 12th of August, the advance of the French army under the Duke de Broglie ap- peared before Thornhausen, ex- pecting to surprise the left of the confederates under Wangen- heim ; but finding them drawn up in order of battle, the French opened a smart fire from their artil- lery, and at four o’clock the village of Hille was also cannonaded by a battery at Eikhorst. The allied forces, having marched through the great w'ood, formed on Min- den heath, with a body of Ger- man cavalry on the left, preserv- ing communication with Wan- genheim ; and the British and Hanoverian horse, under Lord George Sackville, were posted on the right. Six regiments of Bri- tish infantry, supported by two of Hanoverian guards, advanced from the right to attack the centre of the enemy ; and al- though that force consisted of sixty squadrons of cavalry, the British, to their eternal honour, without any other support than the artillery of their own country, by half an hour past eight had driven the French before them. In vain they made more than one attempt to rally, but this little phalanx overcame all opposition, and the enemy fell back upon their original position, with the loss of many men. At this mo- ment M. de Contades became aware of the advantage gained by the hereditary Prince of Bruns- wick, who had defeated a large body of the French under the Duke de Brisac, posted in the most advantageous manner, and compelled them to take refuge in Minden. This opportune success decided the affair. All the passes through which the French could obtain succour being in possession of the allies, they relinquished their strong position, and retreated through Minden ; then, crossing the Weser, continued their march to the eastward. Their loss amounted to about 7000, in killed, wounded, and prisonirs ; that of the allies did not exceed 2000. The English had gained the greatest glory, so were they the greatest sufferers, — 1200 of the numbers being of that nation. 1793. Surrender of Valen- ciennes. — About seven in the morning of the 1st of August, two field-pieces surmounted by the British colours, the flank com- panies of the guards and light in- fantry, with the party that stormed the horn-work, lined one side of the road leading from the gate of Cambray to Briquet; in the rear were the Blues and Inniskillen dragoons. On the other side were the Hanoverians and Austrians. At nine o’clock the French gar- rison, headed by General Ferrand, marched out by regiments with 224 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 2. the honours of war, and, having laid down their arms on their arrival at Briquet, proceeded on their march. The loss of the enemy during the siege must have been very great, for the number of those who now quitted the fortress did not amount to 6000, although their force at the commencement of the seigc was not less than 10,000 men. 1813. Skirmish near Echal- lar. — Towards evening on the 12th of August, the light division of Wellington’s army, after march- ing nineteen consecutive hours over forty miles of mountain roads, had reached the edge of a precipice near the bridge of Yanzi, when Reille’s divisions were seen below, hurrying along the close defile, as the British opened a galling fire from the rocks above ; and in spite of many gallant efforts to drive them from their commanding position, the enemy was compelled to give way with the loss of their bag- gage, and a great many men ; that of the allies about 100 men. August 2. 1763. Battle of Gheriaii. — On the 2nd of August, Meer Cossim, with 8000 infantry, 30,000 cavalry, and thirty pieces of cannon, commanded by the German Sumroo, near Sootee, at- tacked the British army under Ma- jor Adams, whose force did not exceed 3000 men. Cossim’s troops were divided into brigades, and were regularly disciplined after the English system, with a splen- did train of artillery, beautifully served. The Europeans were at- tacked at the same time, both in front and rear ; and although the English line was broken and two guns captured, the firmness of the infantry eventually prevailed; and the enemy, after a contest of four hours, were defeated with great slaughter. They lost all their cannon and baggage, and fled to a strong intrenched posi- tion on the Oodwa, near to, and covering Mongheer. 1813. Combats of Echallar and Iyantelly. — On the morn- ing of the 2nd August, Marshal Soult had the right of his force at Ivantelly, and the left at the rocks of Zagaramurdi, at the same time communicating with the left of Villatte’s reserve on his right. Meanwhile Clauzel’s three divisions, now reduced to six thousand men, were posted on a hill between the “ Puerto” and town of Echallar. The British light division marched by Le- saca to Santa Barbara, thus turn- ing Clauzel’s right, whilst the fourth division moved from Yanzi to Echallar to attack him in front, and the 7th marched from Sumbilla against his left ; but Barne’s brigade came up un- supported before the fourth and light divisions, and, without awaiting the arrival of more troops, assailed Clauzel’s strong position. The firing became very sharp, but neither the steepness of the mountain nor the mass of the enemy, clustering above, arrested their progress ; and “ then was seen the astonishing spectacle of fifteen hundred men driving, by sheer valour and force of arms, six thousand good troops from a position so rugged, that there would have been little to boast of if the numbers had been re- versed and the defence made good.” It must, however, be ac- knowledged, that the fourth divi- sion arrived up towards the close of the action, that the French had fulfilled their mission as a rear- guard, and that they were worn with fatigue and ill provided August 3. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 225 with ammunition, and had suf- fered so severely on the day pre- ceding around Sumbilla. These troops, who had assailed the terrible rocks above Sauroren with an energy that all the valour of the hardiest British veterans scarcely sufficed to repel, within five days, although posted so strongly, were unable to sustain the shock of one-fourth of their own numbers. Evening was ap- proaching when Clauzel fell back, fighting, to a strong ridge beyond the pass of Echallar, having his right covered by the Ivantelly mountain, whence it was deemed necessary to dislodge him. Col. A. Barnard instantly led five companies of his riflemen to the attack, with four companies of the 43rd in support. The former were soon enveloped in the misty cloud that capped the mountain ; but the sharp clang of their wea- pons, in reply to the more sono- rous rolling of musketry, told what work was going on. Bar- nard fought his way unaided to the summit, and there his dark- clad veterans raised their vic- torious shout, just as the coming night showed the long ridges of die mountains beyond, sparkling vith the last flashes of Clauzel’s •etiring troops. The day’s fight- ng cost the British four hundred nen, and Lord Wellington nar- owly escaped being taken by a French detachment which fell ipon him unawares. August 3. 1692. Battle of Steenkirk. -Namur having capitulated on Oth of June, the confederate rmy marched from before that lace. Nothing of importance oc- urred until the 3rd of August, men it being resolved by his ; ritannic Majesty William III. to j attack the Duke of Luxembourg, encamped with the French army at Steenkirk, the confederate forces moved forward at break of day. The advanced guard, con- sisting of twelve battalions and some few squadrons of horse, fell upon the outposts of the enemy about nine o’clock, driving them from the hedges and thickets in the narrow defiles through which the allies were compelled to cut a passage for the cavalry and artillery. By eleven o’clock the action became general, and, at the early part, the French were hard pushed, losing a standard and se- veral pieces of cannon; but, owing to the difficulty, arising from the confined extent of the ground, in bringing up the main body to re- inforce the troops engaged, they were not only obliged to abandon the cannon they had captured, but to retire from the field of battle. The French lost the Prince de Turenne, the Mar- quisses Tildet and Belford, and 6000 killed and wounded. On the part of the allies, Lieut.- Generals Mackay and Lanier, the Earl of Angus, Sir Bobert Douglas, and 2000 were killed; and the wound- ed and prisoners amounted to 3000. 1780. Gwalior stormed. — Capt. Popham, with a single bat- talion, having marched to the as- sistance of the Band, the Rajpoot Prince, expelled the Mahrattas from Gohud, and pursued them into their own territories, where they captured the fort of Lahore. He then attacked the fortress of Gwalior, built on a stupendous rock, scarped round to the height of twenty feet, having a precipi- tous ascent of one hundred from the scarp to the wall,— the ram- part wall itself being thirty feet high. Although garrisoned by a thousand men, it was taken by Q 226 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 4. escalade on the 3rd of August. This brilliant exploit carried such terror into the Mahrattas, that they abandoned the surrounding country. 1813. Siege of Tarragona. — Lord William Bentinck, com- manding the allied forces in Ca- talonia, had prepared platforms and fascines for a siege in the island of Yvica, but on the 30tli of July, suddenly quitting the moun- tains, invested Tarragona with less than six thousand men, occu- pying ground three hundred yards nearer to the walls than had ever been done. He thus prevented the garrison abandoning the place, :if, as supposed, they had that in- tention; yet the fortress could not be besieged, because of Suchet’s vicinity and the dissemination of the allies. The bridge of Amposta being accidentally broken on the 31st, the head of Del Parque’s force, on the left of the Ebro, fell back a day’s march. However, Whittingham’s division and the cavalry came up, and on the 3rd of August, the bridge being re- stored, Del Parque also joined the investing army. Copons then promised to bring up his Cata- lans ; Sarsfield’s division, now be- longing to the second army, had arrived, and Elio vras ordered to reinforce it with three battalions, while Villa Campa observed Tor- toza. Meanwhile Lord William, seeing that Suchet’s troops were scattered, and the marshal him- self at Barcelona, thought of sur- prising his posts and seizing the mountain line of the Llobregat; but Elio failed in sending his bat- talions, and Copons, jealous of some communications between the English general and Eroles, was dilatory. The garrison of Tortoza having in the meantime burned the bridge of Amposta, Suchet, taking alarm, suddenly re- turned from Barcelona, and con- centrated his army. August 4. 1347. Reduction of Calais. — Immediately after the victorious battle of Cressy, King Edward HI. marched his army towards Calais, and invested that place on 8th September, 1346. Finding his threats to put the garrison to the sword if they did not submit, of no avail, he resolved to reduce it by famine. In order to effect this, he drew round, on the land side, four lines of circumvallation, re- gularly fortified, and at the same time blockaded it by sea. King Philip employed every means to prevent Calais falling into the hands of the English, and the blockade had continued nearly a year, when, provisions becoming I extremely scarce, the inhabitants on the 4th August desired to capitulate. In this necessity, 1 Edward agreed to grant the gar- I rison and the citizens in general their lives ; but, in order to punish j them for their obstinacy in keep- j ing him so long at their gates, j he stipulated that six of the in- J habitants, of their own selection, 1 should be victims of his resent- 3 ment. This ferocious determina- a tion produced much consterna- j tion in the town, until the brave I Eustace St. Pierre, one of the ] principal men of the town, vo- j luntarily offered himself as one ] of the devoted number. This I example of patriotism soon j animated five others to sacrifice 1 theft lives in order to save their 1 fellow citizens. These noble- i hearted men having appeared be- I fore Edward barefooted, in their 1 shirts, with ropes about their necks, and presented the keys of the city to the monarch, Queen Philippa cast herself at his feet, August 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 227 .and, shedding tears, implored him to spare their lives. Edward having relented, the queen en- tertained the supplicants in her own tent, and then dismissed them with a present of six pieces of gold to each. Edward then made his entry into the city, turned out the French, and peopled it with English inha- bitants ; to which circumstance may probably be attributed the reason of its remaining two hun- dred years under the sovereignty of England. 1759. The French having blown up fort Ticonderago on lake Erie, on the 26th July the garrison retired to Crown Point. Every exertion was now made to get the bateaux and whale- boats into lake Champlain ; and while the army were employed upon this laborious work, Gen. Amherst, learning the death of Gen. Prideaux before Niagara, directed Brigadier- Gen. Gage to set out for that place by way of ' Oswego, and take upon himself the command of the troops at that post. On the 1st of August the general received certain in- telligence that the enemy had abandoned their position at Crown Point and retired down lake Champlain to the Isle aux Noix. A detachment was forth- with sent to take possession of their lines, and. the bulk of the army arrived there on the 4th; when a new fort was traced out, and the building immediately commenced. 1811. Reduction op Java. — The expedition for the reduction of the island of Java, consisting of 12,000 troops under Lieut. - General Sir Samuel Auchmuty, which sailed from Malacca on 11th June, reached the coast of Java on the 30th July, and on the 4th August 8000 men were landed without opposition. The Dutch army under Gen. Janssens, amounting to 9000 men, occu- pied the stronghold of Meester Cornells, an intrenched camp, about nine miles from the city of Batavia, defended by two rivers, with redoubts and batteries guarding each pass. These lines were nearly five miles in circum- ference, and mounted 280 pieces of cannon. On the 6th, the ad- vance of the British army under Col. Gillespie took post within two miles of the capital. On the 8th, a deputation from the inha- bitants of the city of Batavia proposed to surrender at dis- cretion and place themselves un- der the protection of the British. In the evening, Col. Gillespie took possession of the city, and the fleet, numbering nearly a hundred sail, removed to the an- chorage before it. August 5. 1711. Investment op Bou- chain. — The Duke of Marl- borough having projected the investment of Bouchain, it became necessary to break through the boasted lines of Marshal Villars, traversing the Scarpe and Sanzet with such secrecy and prompti- tude as again to elude the vigi- lance of his antagonist. As a preliminary operation, the redoubt of Aubignv was carried ; and to prevent the permanent occupation of the important post of Arleux by the enemy, Marlborough had recourse to a masterly stratagem. Having carried the redoubt, he so considerably strengthened the post that the French were foiled in their attempt to recover it. Soon afterwards Marlborough called in the detachment, and on 20th July broke up from his position. Leaving Arleux to its 22S CALENDAR OF VICTOR!. August 6. fate, ne moved in the direction of Bethune, and on the following day resumed his march to Co- tenes. This change of position induced Villars, on the 21st, to make a parallel movement, with his front extended behind his formidable lines. But, before his departure, he retook Arleux on the 23rd, garrisoned it with 800 men, and stationed six bat- talions to sustain them. The place was shortly afterwards eva- cuated, and the fortifications de- molished. Marlborough, finding that D’Estaing had moved to- wards Brabant, marched on 1st August in eight columns, whilst detachments again ostentatiously cleared the roads in the direction of the hostile left. These me- nacing manoeuvres so convinced Villars that he was about to be attacked, that he concentrated all his forces. In the meantime Marlborough continued his route ; and on the 4th August, whilst the whole army was under arms, the Duke, with a brilliant staff and a powerful escort, rode along the enemy’s lines, within cannon-shot, reconnoitring with the utmost precision, as if meditating an attack. The deep-laid plan was now ripe for execution. Whilst Villars looked anxiously for hos- tilities to commence, Marlbo- rough, a little before nine o’clock, moved off the troops facing the enemy’s left, in four columns, and with such expedition, that before five on the morning of the 5th they had passed the Scarpe, near Vitry; and he then learnt that Cadogan had crossed the causeway at Aubanchoeil-au-bac at three in the morning, with 22 battalions and 2000 horse, and that this force was in actual pos- session of the enemy’s lines. Before eight, the whole army had reached that point ; and as the cavalry crossed the Sanzet, they were placed in order of battle on the opposite shore. 1763. Attack on a Convoy repulsed. — On the 2nd August, the troops and convoy intended for fort Pitt, on the river Ohio, in Pennsylvania, arrived at Li- gonier; and Col. Bouquet, not obtaining intelligence of the ene- my, left there the stores and provisions, and, on the 4th, pro- ceeded with the troops and 350 horses loaded with flour. He intended halting on the following day at Bushy Run, to refresh the detachment, and to have marched during the night over Turtle Creek — a defile of several miles, commanded by high and craggy hills ; but at one o’clock in the afternoon, after a march of seventeen miles, the Indians sud- denly attacked the advanced guard, which, being instantly supported by the two light in- fantry companies of the 42 nd regiment, drove the enemy from their ambuscade. They, how- ever, returned to the attack; but the whole line, moving forward, drove them from the heights. As soon as the savages were driven from one point, they as- sembled at another; and being at length considerably reinforced, they made an attempt to possess themselves of the convoy left in the rear. The action then be- came general; and, although the British were attacked on every side in the most resolute manner, the Indians were invariably re- pulsed with severe loss. On the part of the British, five officers and sixty men were killed or wounded. August 6. 1711. In the preceding page we have briefly related the August 7. CALENDAR OF VICTOR 229 masterly movements which Marl- borough had directed. The al- lied army, after a forced march of sixteen hours over an extent of thirty-six miles, intersected by several rivers, had entered the new ground before dark on the 5th August. On the morn- ing of the 6th, Villars began likewise to place his troops in order of battle, with the right on the Scheldt, behind Cambray, the centre in the wood of Bour- bon, and the left at the marsh of Sains-au-Marquion, in the hope of alluring Marlborough to a battle, by drawing him round the cannon of Cambray. But as his opponent had gained his ob- ject without a contest, a victory could bring little advantage, and he was enabled to carry into effect the remainder of his plan without obstruction. 1763. American Indians routed. — The troops under Col. Bouquet intended for fort Pitt, after the engagement on the preceding day, took post on the neighbouring hill. During the night their front was at- tacked, and in the morning the Indians surrounded the camp at the distance of 500 yards. After shouting and yelling, they com- menced their attack at an early hour, and, under protection of an incessant fire, made several bold efforts to penetrate the camp. Although repulsed in every at- tempt, the daring enemy again made their appearance. The British troops were extremely fatigued with their long march, as well as by their exertions in the former action, and sadly dis- tressed by want of water ; yet they firmly maintained their ground. The savages becoming every moment more audacious, it was considered advisable, by increasing their confidence, to .induce them to approach nearer or stand their ground when at- tacked. With this view, two companies of light infantry were ordered within the circle of the encampment, while the troops on their right and left opened their files, as if intending to cover their retreat ; and the third light infantry and grenadiers of the 42nd were directed to support the two first companies. This manoeuvre succeeded, and the barbarians rushed forward with daring intrepidity. At the moment they thought themselves masters of the camp, Major Campbell, at the head of the two first companies, sallied out from a part of the hill they could not observe, and fell upon their right flank. The Indians at first resisted, but the troops dashing in among them, killed a great number, and put the remainder to flight. The fugitives suffered severely from the fire of the other companies, who pursued them until they had totally dispersed. The detach- ment and convoy reached fort Pitt on the 11th. 1773. Cavalry routed near Tanjore. — On the 3rd August, a British force, under the com- mand of Col. Smith, left Trichi- nopoly to effect the reduction of Tanjore, consisting, among other corps, of the first European re- giment. After some sharp skir- mishing, the detachment arrived on the 5th within a short dis- tance of Tanjore, and early on the morning of the 6 th the Eu- ropean grenadiers surprised the enemy’s cavalry camp, and rout- ed them with much slaughter. August 7. 1758. Reduction op Cher- bourg. — On the 30th of July 230 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 7. a squadron under Commodore Howe, with transports conveying 6000 troops, commanded by Lieut.- Gen. Thomas Bligh, sailed from Spithead ; but, owing to variable winds, the expedition did not reach its destination until the 6th August, and having anchored during the night, at daybreak on the 7th preparations were made for the attack. About eleven o’clock 1500 men reached the shore; and although the opposing 1 force consisted of 1900 regulars, ! a newly raised regiment of 1300 j men, and 5000 gardes de cote , j which had assembled to oppose the debarkation, they fled before the guards and grenadiers com- posing the first division. Before night the whole army had landed, and on the following morning a detachment marched to the vil- lage of Querqueville and hoisted the British colours on the fort. In course of the day, the main body took possession of Cher- bourg, and were encamped on a rising ground a short distance from the town ; whilst the bar- racks within the walls were oc- cupied by the grenadiers of the line and some other troops. The French camp was formed at Valognes, an open fertile countiy, at the distance of four leagues from Cherbourg. It contained three regiments of infantiy and three of cavalry, amounting alto- gether to 4000 men, commanded by the Due de Luxembourg. No time was lost in setting to work to destroy what had been finished of the basin, with the two piers at the entrance of the harbour, to ren- der the port useless for ships of burden, and to demolish all the forts, batteries, magazines and stores. By the 1 5th, this service was completely effected, and Cherbourg became once more an insignificant place. One hun- dred and seventy- three iron guns and three mortars were destroyed, and twenty-four pieces of brass ordnance, together with the co- lours, taken, and sent to England; and these trophies were drawn in great pomp from the royal palace at Kensington to the Tower of London. On the 16th the army re-embarked unmolested : the total loss sustained from the day the army landed was no greater than 20 killed and 30 wounded. Gen. Bligh brought away hostages for the payment of 3000/., a contribu- tion towards the ransom of the town; but the Government sent them immediately back, and without any further demand. 1793. Cavalry defeated near St. Albert. — On the morning of 6th August, seven battalions of British troops, six squadrons of Hanoverians, two battalions and five squadrons of Hessians, and four battalions and ten squadrons of Austrians, marched from their respective camps near Cambray, and on the same evening united in a camp near St. Aubert, under the com- mand of the Duke of York. On the morning of the 7th, they marched in one column by the villages of St. Hilaire, Boussiere, and Wambain, then, dividing into two columns, crossed the Scheldt at Crevecoeur and at Manieres. During the march a body of cavalry appearing on the right flank in the direction of Cambray were driven back in great confu- sion. In the evening another detachment of French cavalry being observed at a small dis- tance, Lieut.-Col. Churchill, put- ting himself at the head of a squadron of the 15th light dra- goons, charged the enemy with such vigour that, besides killing several men, he took two officers, 44 privates, and 60 horses. August 8. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 231 1795. Dutch routed from Muyzenburg. — A squadron ar- rived in Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope, early in July, as re- lated in our Naval columns, hav- ing on board a detachment of the 78th regiment, under Major-Gen. Craig, proposals were made to Gen. Sluysken, the Dutch go- vernor, to place the settlement under the protection of His Bri- tannic Majesty. On the 14th, 450 men of the 78th and 350 marines from the squadron, un- der Major Hill, were landed and took possession of the town. Meanwhile the Dutch militia and Hottentots had taken post on the heights, and occupied the pass of Muyzenburg, distant six miles from Cape Town, well fur- nished with cannon, having a steep mountain on its right, with the sea on the left, but difficult of approach on that side, on account of shallow water and high surf on the shore. Offensive operations being determined upon, 1000 seamen were disem- barked, formed into two battalions, making, with the troops, a total of 1800 men. Covered by the squadron, the force moved to- wards the enemy on the 7 th; but the Dutch were driven from their camp by the fire of the ships before the troops arrived up, and had fallen back upon some rocky heights, whence they were ex- pelled the same evening by the 78th, on which occasion Captain Scott, of that regiment, was wounded. August 8. 1793. Affair near Mer- guion. — The allied troops, amounting to thirteen battalions and twenty-one squadrons, as enumerated in the preceding page, under command of the Duke of York, moved from the camp at St. Aubert on the 8 th of August. Formed into three columns, this army directed its march upon the villages of Grain- court, Anneux, andCantain, with the intention of attacking the enemy upon the heights of Bour- bon. It was however discovered that the French had gone off dur- ing the night ; and, as there was reason to believe that the army behind the Scheldt had done the same, His Royal Highness took the whole of the cavalry, with the exception of one regiment, and went in pursuit. He fell in with the rear-guard at the village of Merguion, where two pieces of cannon and several prisoners we re taken by the 11th light dragoons and the hussars of Barco. Some delay was occa- sioned by the enemy having in their retreat destroyed the vil- lage, there being no other pas- sage than the bridge across the rivulet upon which it stood. This obstacle was at length overcome, and the enemy were followed to the next defile by the village of Villiers. A body of about 4000 cavalry and some battalions of infantry, with eight pieces of cannon, were seen upon the op- posite heights ; but, as they con- tinued their retreat, and no ad- vantage was likely to arise from further pursuit, the troops, after halting some time, returned to the camp near Bourbon. 1811 . Surrender of Batavia. — In the expedition against the island of Java, under Rear-Adm. Stopford and Lieut.- General Sir Samuel Auchmuty, the advance- squadron of the fleet anchored about two miles from the capital on the 6th August ; and in the night of the 7th the advance of the army under Col. Gillespie crossed the river Anjole, on a 232 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 9 . bridge of flat boats. On the morning of the 8th, a flag of truce was sent into the city of Batavia, and soon afterwards a deputation arrived from the in- habitants, offering to surrender at discretion, and put themselves under the protection of the Bri- tish. The commanders-in-chief having agreed to respect private property, the troops under Col. Gillespie took immediate posses- sion of the place ; and the fleet moved to the anchorage before it. 1824. Stockade carried near Rangoon. — The enemy having collected in great strength at Dallah, a force, consisting of the Madras European regiment and detachments from different na- tive corps, all under command of Lieut.-Col. Kelly of the Madras regiment, assembled for the pur- pose of attacking them in their position on the bank of a creek, where they had strongly stock- aded themselves. On the morning of the 8 th of August, the force embarked at Rangoon, and entered the Dallah creek, up which the boats had not pro- ceeded two miles, when a heavy fire was suddenly opened upon them from a high stockade close to the water’s edge. The natives, panic-struck, lay down in the bottom of the boats, and conse- quently much time was lost be- fore they could be run on shore : but this effected, the Europeans jumped out, although up to their waists in mud and water, and, having with difficulty planted their ladders, the stockade was in- stantly carried very gallantly with the loss of 50 men killed and wounded ; but the enemy, who fought valiantly, suffered very considerable loss. August 9. 1344. Battle of Auberoche. — Edward III. sent over the Earl of Derby, with a considerable army, to maintain his territories m France. The Count De l’lsle Jourdain, having with 12,000 men laid siege to Auberoche, a town in the Limosin, which was de- fended by a small English garri- son, he battered the town so furiously, that within six days the fortifications were nearly in ruins. Lord Derby, on learning the state to which the garrison was reduced, marched from Bor- deaux, on 8th August, to its relief, with a small detachment, expecting to be reinforced by the Earl of Pembroke, at Libourne, which he reached on the morning of the 9 th. Here he continued all day, and, despairing of the reinforcement, he determined on surprising the French that even- ing. The English accordingly marched, and, under cover of a wood, fell upon the enemy so unexpectedly that the Counts De l’lsle, Perigort, and Valentinois, were taken in their tents, and the soldiers were overpowered before they could offer much resistance. But while this quarter was thrown into such confusion, the other part of the French army, under Count Commines, flew to arms, and being drawn up in order of battle, advanced against the En- glish, who, although greatly in- ferior, attacked the enemy with incredible impetuosity. The contest was so well maintained on both sides, that it was doubt- ful which had the advantage, until the garrison of Auberoche made a sortie, and, falling on the rear of the French, decided the fate of the battle. Their loss amounted to 5000 men killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. August 10. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 233 Of tlie British force, which did not exceed 4000, their loss was not above 300 men. This action contributed to the future success of Edward, and in some measure led to the memorable victory at Cressy. 1417. Reduction of Tongue. King Henry V. of England, having landed with an army of upwards of 25,000 men in Normandy, commenced his campaign by lay- ing siege to the castle of Tongue, and the Duke of Gloucester, who led the advance, had the direc- tion of the operations. After se- veral assaults, the castle fell into his hands on the 9th day of August. On the occasion of the reduction of Tongue the king made 28 knights, and appointed Sir Robert Kirkelie governor of the fortress. 1793. Cambray invested. — The city of Cambray was taken possession of by the French in October, 1792. On the 7th August, 1793, General Clairfait advanced towards the village of Youg, which he attacked and carried after some resistance ; and having reached St. Martin, the French evacuated the camp of Caasar, on the night between the 8th and 9th, which was imme- diately occupied by Gen. Clairfait, who had crossed the Scheldt at St. Martin. He then closely in- vested Cambray, and though both garrison and inhabitants were in great consternation, they refused a summons to surrender. The general therefore set fire to the suburbs. » August 10. > 1557. Battle of St. Quentin. — About the middle of July, the Spanish army, consisting of 35,000 infantry and 12,000 horse, under the Duke of Savoy, assembled at Givers on the Meuse; whilst the French army, posted at Attigny, did not amount to more than 17,000 foot and 6000 cavalry. The Spaniards marched towards Guise as if to invest it, but then, altering their intention, on the 7th of August moved rapidly on St. Quentin, where they encamped, and were reinforced by the En- glish army of 9000 foot, with 1500 horse, under the command of Lords Pembroke, Clinton, and Gray. The French having failed in their endeavour to throw suc- cours into the town, resolved to attack the allied forces. The Constable having drawn up his army at Fere in order of battle, marched towards St. Quentin, be- fore which place he arrived on the morning of the 10th of August, and attacked the Duke of Savoy’s camp. After making another un- successful effort to succour the town, the enemy retired to Fere. Meantime the Spaniards deter- mined to attack the enemy in their retreat. Count Egmont fell upon one of their flanks, while the other was assailed by Counts Henry and Ernest of Brunswick with 2000 horse, supported by Count Horn at the head of the cuiras- siers, so furiously, that they were put to flight with great slaughter. Their infantry being now thrown into disorder by a well directed fire of artillery, the allied cavalry broke in upon them, and the French army became entirely routed, with the loss of 5000 slain, including many officers of rank. Among the prisoners was Montmorency, the Constable of France, and several distinguished noblemen. 1794. Reduction of Calvi. In our relation of the siege of Calvi, we stated that the forts of Mollonochesco and Mozello were carried by the British on the 30th 234 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 11 of July. The possession of these important posts which the troops maintained under the heaviest fire of shot and shells, induced Lieut.- Gen. Stuart to offer terms that the garrison of Calvi might be inclined to accept; but the reply being unfavourable, the navy and army once more united their efforts, and in the course of nine days, batteries of thirteen guns, four mortars and three howitzers, were completed within six hundred yards of the town. The cannonade was so admirably directed that the enemy were unable to remain at their guns. On the 10th of August they sent proposals which led to a capitu- lation, and the expulsion of the French from Corsica. The total loss sustained by the British from the 18th of July to the 10th of August amounted to 5 officers, 25 rank and file, killed ; 8 officers, and 52 rank and file, wounded. 1794. The Raj ah VizeramRanze was at Boney with an army of 19,000 men, when Col. Pendegrast marched to that place from Bom- tipatam on the 7th of August. He then summoned the rajah to accede to terms; but, after some fruitless negotiation, the colonel advanced from his camp on the 10th. The enemy, drawn up on a high ground along a tank, opened a sharp fire when their opponents arrived within pistol-shot, and gallantly stood their ground for more than forty minutes ; but the discharge of grape and musketry threw them into confusion, ajid they were routed with severe loss, including the rajah among the slain. Two officers, and about thirty sepoys was the amount of loss on the part of the English. 1811. Reduction of Java. — On the 10th of August a smart skirmish took place between the advance-division of each army, in which the Dutch were defeated, and the British took possession of the important post of Welter- veeden, distant about six miles from Cornelis, and a league from the intrenched camp of General J anssens. Preparations were then made for the attack of that posi- tion. August 11, 1796. During the operations for the reduction of St. Domingo, on the 11th August the enemy appeared before the post of Ray- mond, defended by a detachment of 82 men, under Capt. Whitby. After keeping up a heavy fire with little effect, they attempted to storm the block-house with a considerable force, four different times, but were repulsed in every attack with great loss, and their chief killed. In this affair the British had only one man wounded. 1803. Capture of Ahmed- nuggur. — An army was col- lected in the upper provinces, under Major- Gen. Lake, to act against the northern Mahrattas, where Scindiah had large bodies of troops, commanded and dis- ciplined by French adventurers. Major-Gen. Wellesley, who, as- sisted by Col. Stephenson, direct- ed the operations in the Deccan, commenced warlike operations by besieging Ahmednuggur, which had the reputation of being al- most impregnable ; but this for- midable fortress only held out four days, and was taken posses- sion of on 12th August, after being carried by assault. 1812 . Cavalry Skirmish near Las Rozas. — Joseph Bonaparte, apprehensive that the allies might march by their right to the Tagus, and so intercept his communication with the south, re- August 12. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 235- solved to direct his march to- wards the Morena ; having pre- viously sent Soult, from Segovia, orders to evacuate Andalusia, and meet him on the frontier of La Mancha. In order to avoid the disgrace of flying before a detachment, he occupied the Es- curial mountain, and placed his army across the roads leading from the passes of the Guada- rama to Madrid. While in this position, Wellington’s advanced guard, composed of D’Urban’s Portuguese, a troop of horse ar- tillery, and a battalion of infantry, passed the Guadarama, and on the 10th August the whole army was over the mountains. The king, retaining only eight thousand men in position, sent the rest of his troops to protect the march of his court, which quitted Madrid the same day, with two or three thousand carriages of different kinds, and nearly twenty thousand persons of all ages and sexes. On the 11th, Gen. D’Urban drove back Treilhard’s cavalry posts, and entered Majadahonda, whilst some German infantry, Bock’s heavy cavalry, and a troop of horse ar- tillery, occupied Las Rozas, about a mile in his rear. In the even- ing Treilhard, with a regiment of Italian dragoons and the lancers of Berg, returned ; whereupon D’Urban called up the horse ar- tillery, and would have charged the enemy’s leading squadrons, but the Portuguese cavalry fled, and three guns were in conse- quence taken by the enemy. The German dragoons stopped the leading French squadrons, but were overpowered, until Ponson- by’s cavalry and the 7th division arrived. Treilhard immediately abandoned Majadahonda, leaving the captured guns behind him. The whole loss of the allies was above two hundred. August 12. 1711. Skirmish of Cavalry — When investing Bouchain, Marlborough, in order to protect his camp beyond the Scheldt, covered the front from Haspres to Ivry with a line of redoubts and lunettes well mounted with cannon. This work being com- pleted in two days, he again crossed the Scheldt with 50 bat- talions and 52 squadrons. The enemy having improved and ex- tended their works, the duke ordered the line of circumvalla- tion to be made in the middle space between their intrench- ments and the town. Accord- ingly, 4000 workmen were em- ployed, during the night of the 11th August, in constructing a line extending from Mustaigne, across the road from Y alenciennes towards the Scheldt. Behind it, a competent force, under General Collier, encamped for its protec- tion. Under the inspection of Gen. Cadogan, the work was exe- cuted by Colonel Armstrong, with great ability. On the morning of the 12th, Cadogan, riding to reconnoitre at the head of some squadrons, perceived Marshal Vil- lars, who, with an escort of four squadrons of carabiniers and one of hussars, was advancing for the same purpose. A warm skirmish ensuing between the two parties, the carabiniers were routed, with the loss of a brigadier-general, the major, and above 50 troopers j and the marshal himself narrowly escaped being captured. 1796. The post of Raymond, near Jeremie, in the island of St. Domingo, defended by a detach- ment of dragoons and a party of chasseurs, under Lieut. Gilman of the 17 th light dragoons, was attacked by a large force on the 236 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 13, 12th August. The block-house, situated on a small eminence about one hundred yards from the fort, being assailed by a con- tinued fire of musketry, Lieut. Gilman made a successful sortie with his dragoons and some chas- seurs, driving the enemy before him into the woods, leaving sixteen whites and forty-seven blacks dead on the field ; and many were afterwards found in the road leading to Aux Cayes. In this gallant affair, the loss of the British amounted to two men wounded of the 17th ; but the chasseurs had Lieut. Dutoya and three men killed, and fourteen wounded. 1812. Wellington enters Madrid. — Wellington, seeing that King Joseph had crossed the Tagus in retreat, entered Madrid on 12th August. *“ This was a memorable event, were it only from the affecting circum- stance attending it. He, a foreigner, and marching at the head of a foreign army, was met and welcomed to the capital of Spain by the whole remain- ing population. The multitude, who before that hour had never seen him, came forth to hail his approach, — not with feigned en- thusiasm, not with acclamations extorted by the fear of a con- queror’s power, nor yet excited by the natural proneness of human nature to laud the successful, — for there was no tumultuous exulta- tion ; famine was amongst them, and long endured misery had subdued their spirits, but with tears and deep emotion they crowded around his horse, hung upon his stirrups, touched his clothes, or, throwing themselves upon the earth, blessed him aloud as the friend of Spain. His tri- umph was as pure and glorious * Napier. as it was uncommon, and he felt it to be so.” August 13. 1704. Battle of Blenheim. — The allied army under Marl- borough and Prince Eugene, consisting of 64 battalions and 166 squadrons, forming an ag- gregate force of 52,000 men, with 52 pieces of artillery, passed the Kessel, in eight columns, at two o’clock on the morning of 13th August, and, having reached the bank of the Reichin, came into parallel order, and halted. The troops of Marlborough, con- sisting of 48 battalions and 86 squadrons (of which 14 battalions and 14 squadrons were British), extended fromWelheim to Krem- heim, whilst the 18 battalions and 74 squadrons under Prince Eugene, passing along the skirts of the hills in the rear of Wolper- stetten, Berghausen, and Schwe- nenbach, prolonged the line as far as Eichberg. After these pre- liminary dispositions, the army moved forward in silence, and at seven came in view of the hostile camp. The Gallo-Bavarians, computed at 56,000 men, not suspecting the approach of the enemy, formed in some confusion. The united troops of the Elector and Marsin being on the left, with cavalry on their right, whilst the army of Marshal Tallard was on the right, with cavalry on their left ; their lines extending from the acclivity behind Blenheim, along the eminence to the rear of Oberg- laugh, and thence crossing a branch of the Nebel to the woods above Lutzingen. It was about seven o’clock when the troops of Marlborough began to deploy; and at eight, a heavy cannonade having opened from the enemy's right wing, illlgust 1 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 237 counter batteries were placed on the most appropriate spots, under the immediate direction of the duke. Whilst anxiously waiting the preparations of Prince Eu- gene, whose delay was occasioned by the broken ground and ra- vines intersected by rivulets, Marlborough ordered the chap- lains to perform divine service at the head of each regiment, and implore the favour of Heaven; and he was observed to join with fervour in this solemn appeal to the Giver of Victory. About midday the attack commenced, by Lord Cutts moving on Blen- heim, while the main body ad- vanced to cross the Nebel. At one, the columns were so strongly opposed that they fell back, until the Hessian cavalry a second time gallantly repelled the French horse. After repeated encoun- ters of cavalry, the passage of the Nebel was effected, although the confederates were strongly op- posed at all points. On the right of the line, the troops of Eugene were repeatedly repulsed ; but at length, encouraged by the daring example of their chiefs, the confederates, after a sanguinary struggle, drove the enemy beyond Lutzingen. By five o’clock, the troops of Marlborough had finally effected the passage of the Nebel, and, amidst a tremendous fire, moved resolutely up the ascent. They were nevertheless unable to break the firm order of the enemy, and fell back under cover of the artillery. A second attack proved more successful ; and nine battalions of the enemy were cut to pieces or made prisoners. The consequence of this shock was fatal ; for, the right wing of Marsin’s cavalry having fallen back, an interval was left in the centre of the line. Marlborough saw that the decisive moment of victory was arrived. The allied horse, rushing forward, drove the hostile cavalry: the left fled towards Ilochstadt, and the right, reduced to thirty squadrons, in the direction of Sonderheim. Homspech, with 30 squadrons, pursued the first, whilst Marl- borough. with the rest of the cavalry, following the remainder, drove many into the Danube and Schwanbach ; and, in the terror of the moment, hundreds, plung- ing into the river, perished in sight of their affrighted comrades. The fate of the day being de- cided, the garrison of Blenheim, consisting of 24 battalions and 12 squadrons, surrendered as prisoners of war. Of the enemy, 12,000 were left dead on the field of battle, the greater part of 30 squadrons perished in the Da- nube, and 13,000 were made prisoners : 100 guns, 24 mortars, 129 colours, and 171 standards were taken. The loss of the confederates amounted to 4500 killed, and 7500 wounded. August. 3L&. 1812. Capture op the Re- tiro, Madrid. — N ot withstand- ing the joyous acclamations which greeted Wellington’s triumphal entry into Madrid, as we have just related, the city was still disturbed by the presence of the enemy. The Re tiro contained enormous stores, twenty thousand stand of arms, more than one hundred and eighty pieces of artillery, and the eagles of two French regiments ; and it had a garrison of two thousand fighting men, besides invalids and follow- ers ; but its inherent weakness was soon made manifest. The works consisted of an interior fort, called La China, with an ex- terior intrenchmcnt ; but the fort 23S CALENDAR OE VICTORY. August 15. was too small, the intrenchment too large, and the latter could be easily deprived of water. In the lodging of a French officer, an order was found, directing the commandant to confine his real defence to the fort ; and accoi d- ingly, on the night of the 13th August, he, being menaced, abandoned the intrenchment, and on the next day, the 14th, accepted honourable terms, be- cause La China was so contracted and filled with combustible build- ings, that his fine troops would, with a little firing, have been smothered in the ruins. But his gallant followers were so indig- nant, that many broke their weapons, and their commander was like to have fallen a vic- tim to their wrath. They were, however, immediately sent to Portugal. August 15. 1423. Surrender of Ivry. — During the minority of Henry VI. the Duke of Bedford was declared Protector of England and Regent of France, resolving to secure that kingdom for the young mo- narch. Meanwhile the Dauphin, who succeeded Charles V. of France, had caused himself to be proclaimed king. During these contests, the Duke of Bedford, who had reduced several for- tresses in the Isle of France, re- ceiving intelligence that Girant, an officer of Charles VI. of France, with whom we were at this time at war, had sur- prised Ivry, a stronghold on the frontiers of Normandy, he im- mediately marched to retake it, before the French had sufficient time to put the place in a proper state of defence. The siege com- menced in the early part of July, and on the 20th Girant capi- tulated, with the understanding that the place should be surren- dered, if not relieved by the 15th of August. Charles, having been apprised of this stipulation, re- solved to succour the garrison of Ivry, though at the hazard of a battle, and immediately as- sembled an army in the Maine, composed of French, Scotch, and Italians, amounting to 20,000 men, commanded by the Earl of Douglas, whom Charles had con- stituted his lieutenant-general for the whole kingdom ; and all the nobility who adhered to his cause joined the army on this occasion. On 12th August they marched past the walls of Ver- neuil, which place surrendered on the first summons, under the impression that the English had been defeated and the siege of Ivry raised. The Earl of Salis- bury, on hearing of the move- ment of Douglas, hastened to reinforce the Regent with 1000 men-at-arms and 2000 archers, thus increasing the English force to 13,000 men. Consequently Ivry surrendered, according to the articles of capitulation, on 15th August. 1702. The English army, un- der the Duke of Ormond, landing in the bay of Bulls, between Rota and fort St. Catherine, was at- tacked by a body of Spanish cavalry just as a few men had reached the shore ; but the enemy were quickly repulsed, leaving an officer and five men dead on the strand, and several prisoners were taken. 1803. Action at Obidos, Portugal. — On the approach of the English on 12th August, Gen. Laborde fell back m the night to Obidos, a small town with an old Moorish castle on an eminence in the middle of a | valley. Placing here a small August 16 ; CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 239 detachment, he retired on the 14th to Rorica, a village four miles to the southward, which enabled him to keep his commu- nication open with Loison; and a regiment was sent to garrison Peniche. Loison, finding that Leria was in the hands of the British, fell back on the 11th upon Torres Vedras, and on the 13th reached Santarem, but in such an exhausted state that he oould not renew his march until the 15th. The first movement of Sir Arthur Wellesley had thus cut the line of communication between Loison and Laborde, and caused a loss of several forced marches to the former, and obliged the latter to risk an ac- tion with more than double his own force. On the 1 5th the post of Brilos was attacked by two companies of the 95th and two of the 5th battalion of the 60th, and the pickets driven out of Obi d os. In the attack of Brilos the British carried the windmill without loss, but pursued the retiring enemy with such incon- siderate eagerness that at the distance of three miles from their support they were outflanked by two superior bodies of French, and owed their safety to the op- portune advance of the division of Gen. Spencer, — the detachment having lost 29 killed and wounded. August 16. 1754. Battle of the French Rock. — Major Lawrence, with 1000 English in battalion, 200 Topasses, 3000 sepoys, and 14 guns, 2500 Tanjore cavalry, and 3000 infantry, having entered the plains to the south of Trichi- nopoly on 16th August, with the intention of reaching that place by the Sugar-loaf and French Rocks, the enemy marched out of Seringham to oppose them. The force of the French consisted of 900 Europeans and 400 To- passes in battalion, 5000 disci- plined and well-armed sepoys, and 10,000 Mysore andMahratta cavalry. The British formed in line, having their Europeans, Topasses, sepoys, and guns in the first line, and the Tanjoreans on the flanks and rear to protect the convoy. The French advanced with much confidence, but were so warmly received that they retreated in much disorder, after sustaining severe loss. Lawrence was prevented taking advantage of this defeat of the French, by a successful attack made by Hyder Naik on the baggage, car- rying off 36 carts before his force could be dispersed. The enemy, profiting by the confusion thus occasioned, withdrew to Seringham. The troops under Lawrence sustained a loss of 18 men killed, whilst the French battalion had 160 killed and se- verely wounded. 1780. Battle of Camden — On the 9th August Earl Corn- wallis was at Charlestown, when advices reached him of the ad- vance of Gen. Gates, with the American army, consisting of 6000 men, after detaching Bri- gadier-Gen. Sumpter with 1000, round the left of the British, to occupy the west bank of Wateree and seize the fords. Information also reached him that the country between Pedec and Black River had revolted, and that Lord Rawdon was contracting his posts and assembling his army at Camden. Lord Cornwallis set out the next evening, and reached Camden between the 13th and 14th, with about 1400 regulars and provincials and 500 militia and North Carolina re- fugees. Both armies, as if by 240 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 17 mutual consent, advanced to- wards each other at 10 o’clock at night on the 15th. The right wing of the British was com- manded by Lieut.-Col. Webster ; the left, having four pieces of artillery, by Lord Rawdon; whilst Lieut.-Col. Tarleton, with the cavalry, was in the rear. The ground occupied by the British was so narrowed by swamps on each side, that both their flanks and rear were secured, and the space between only admitted of the force being drawn up to op- pose the enemy. This prepara- tion had just been effected, when at dawn of day on the 16th the American army was discovered in their front, and Gen. Gates was observed directing an altera- tion in his left wing. Lord Corn- wallis prevented this manoeuvre being completed, by directing Col. Webster to commence the attack. After a slight opposi- tion, the enemy gave way, and, spite of every effort on the part of their officers, the Americans were completely routed, — the ca- valry under Lieut.-Col. Tarleton breaking in upon the flying army. Their loss amounted to 1000 killed and wounded, and as many made prisoners. The loss of the British was only twenty men killed and two hundred and twenty wounded. 1812. Surrender of Ameri- can Army. — A considerable force under Gen. Hull having invaded the Canadian shore on 13th Au- gust, Major-Gen. Brock, with a small detachment, proceeded to Amliertzberg. On the morning of the 15th the batteries opened upon the enemy, and on the 1 6th the major-general, with 30 artil- lery, 250 of the 41st regiment 50 of the Newfoundland corps and 400 militia, crossed the river and took up a position at Spring- well, three miles west of Detroit, whilst the woods on the left were in the meantime occupied by 600 Indians. About noon the British moved forward in close column, and, when they had reached within a mile of the enemy, a flag of truce appeared on the walls of fort Detroit, proposing to capitulate, together with the whole north - western army, amounting to 1760 men, and all the fortified points. August 17. 1801. Sortie repulsed near Alexandria. — During the night of 1 6th August, Major-Gen. Coote embarked with a strong corps on the Inundation, and effected his landing to the westward of Alex- andria, with little or no opposi- tion, and immediately invested the strong castle of Marabout, situated at the entrance of the western harbour. On the east side of the town, two attacks were made to get possession of some heights in front of the intrenched position of the enemy, — Major- Gen. Craddock, commanding the right, and the left under the di- rection of Major-General Moore. Both attacks were successful, and without sustaining much loss. The 30th regiment, under Colonel Spencer, had taken possession of a hill in front of the enemy’s right, when Gen. Menon ordered a de- tachment of 600 men to make a sortie from their intrenched camp, and drive the British from their position. The enemy advanced in column, without firing a shot until they arrived close to the 30th regiment, which, although not 250 men strong, rushed forward with the bayonet, and drove the assailants back to their intrench- ments in the utmost confusion. August 18 . CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 241 and with the loss of many men killed and wounded. 1808. Combat of Borina. — Early on the morning of this day, a dense mass, consisting of 13,480 infantry, 470 cavalry, and 18 guns, under the command of Lieut.- Gen. Sir A. Wellesley, issued from Obidos, and soon afterwards broke into three distinct columns. The left, under Lieut.- Gen. Fer- guson, consisting of 4900 com- batants and six guns, marched by the crest of the hills near the Sierra Baragueda, to turn the right of Laborde’s position. The column of the right, under Col. Trant, composed of 1050 Portu- guese, moved by the village of St. Amias, to turn the French left. The centre column, 9000 in num- ber, with 12 guns, commanded by Sir Arthur in person, marched straight against the enemy by the village of Mahmed. Laborde’s position appeared desperate; but, with the coolness and dexterity of a practised warrior, covered by his excellent cavalry, he fell back rapidly to the heights of Zambugeira, watching anxiously for the arrival of Loison’s divi- sion. In order to dislodge him from this formidable post, Colonel Trant turned the left of the new field of battle : the brigades of Ferguson and Fane being united, penetrated the mountains, and outflanked the French right. Gens. Hill and Nightingale ad- vanced against the front, which was of great strength, and only to be approached by narrow paths, winding through deep ravines. A swarm of skirmishers won their way with extreme difficulty among rocks and tangled ever- greens that overspread the steep ascent; and, with still greater diffi- culty, the supporting columns fol- lowed. “ * The hollows echoed * Napier. with a continued roll of mus- ketry, the shouts of the advanc- ing troops were loudly answered by the enemy, and the curling smoke that broke out from the sides of the mountain showed how stoutly the defence was main- tained.” The 29th pushed forward with such vigour, that, although gallantly supported- by the 9th, both regiments were nearly over- powered before the brigade of Gen. Ferguson arrived to their assistance. Other British troops gathering thickly on the upper ground, Laborde, seeing that the day was lost, retreated by alter- nate masses supported by cavalry. He continued his march during the night to gain the narrow pass of Ruria, leaving three guns on the field of battle. The loss of the French was 600 killed and wound- ed. On the part of the British, although not more than 4000 men were actually engaged, nearly 500 were killed, taken, or wounded. August 18 . 1513. Battle of the Spurs. — Henry VIII. of England, the Emperor Maximilian, and the Swiss, having entered into an al- liance offensive against France, Henry landed at Calais in the month of July, and soon formed an army of 30,000 men, counting the troops he had brought with him. Being joined by the emperor with a good corps of horse and some foot, they laid siege to Terouenne, investing the place with an army of 50,000 men ; upon which the Due de Longue- ville marched to its relief, and was totally defeated. This battle, fought on the 18th August, near Enguinegatte, was called the battle of the Spurs, because the French used their spurs more than their swords . R 242 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 19; 1706. Siege of Menin. — The fortress of Menin, considered one of the master-pieces of Vauban, containing a garrison of 6000 men, was invested on the 23rd July by Gen. Salisch, with 32 battalions and 25 squadrons. The heavy artillery having arrived from Ghent on the 30th, the trenches were opened on the night of the 4th of August against the bastion of Capucins, and that of Ypres on the west front. On the 18th, the works being advanced sufficiently for an attack on the covert-way, Marlborough drew his army nearer to Menin, by taking post between Belleghem and Pont d’Espierre; and he in person repaired to the trenches to superintend the important operations. At seven the same evening the signal was given, by the explosion of two mines which had been made on the salient angles of the work called the half-moon of Ypres. The assail- ants instantly advancing to the palisades, threw grenades into the covert-way, and, entering amidst the confusion thus created, carried everything before them. For two hours they withstood a heavy fire from the ravelins and other works commanding their position ; but at length they effec- tually established themselves, — extending to the palisades of the four angles. The loss in this sanguinary combat was not less than 1400 men. 1793. Action at Lincelles. — The post of Lincelles having been attacked by the French in considerable strength, the Prince of Orange applied to the Duke of York for a reinforcement. The first, Coldstream, and third regi- ments of foot-guards, amounting altogether to 1122 men, with de- tachments of artillery, were or- j dered to march, under the com- j mand of Major- Gen. Lake, for that purpose; but the Dutch troops, which had been compelled to abandon the post, had retreated by another road than the one by which the relief arrived. Not- withstanding that the enemy, with a force of 5000 men, occupied a redoubt of formidable size and strength in front of the village of Lincelles, with the road strongly pallisaded, and their flanks covered by woods and ditches, Gen. Lake determined on an immediate attack. The bat- talions advanced under a heavy fire with great intrepidity, in the most perfect order; and after firing three or four rounds, rushed on with the bayonet, stormed the redoubt, and drove the enemy through the village. Here they rallied, and, supported by other troops, kept up a sharp fire until again closely assailed, and then were entirely put to the rout, with the loss of 200 men and 50 prisoners, and nine pieces of can- non. The British loss amounted to 40 killed and 148 wounded. August 19. 1119. Battle of Brenneville.. — Louis le Gros, King of France,, attempting to establish William Clito, son of Robert Duke of Nor- mandy, in the estates of his father, who had been deprived of them by his brother Henry I. of Eng- land, a battle was fought on the 19th of August near Brenneville, in Normandy, when Louis was defeated, and, being thus com- pelled to lay aside his design of establishing William Clito in that province, he created him Earl of Flanders. 1779. Rebels defeated. — The garrison of fort Paulus Hook, near- New York, being reinforced, Lieut.-Colonel Buskirk was de- August 20, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 243 tached with part of the troops to cut off some parties who inter- rupted the supplies of provisions. A considerable force of the rebels availing themselves of this oppor- tunity of attempting the post, ad- vanced to the gate of the works at three o’clock on the morning of the 19th of August, and being mistaken for the corps of the Lieut.-Col., they entered without opposition, making themselves masters of a block-house and two redoubts. The alarm being now spread, Major Sutherland, . the commandant, with forty Hessians, threw themselves into a redoubt, and soon drove the assailants out of the fort ; and reinforced by a detachment from New York, the Major pursued the enemy, and took a captain and several pri- vates prisoners. Col. Buskirk, on his return to the fort, had a skir- mish with the rebels, whom he de- feated, and took four prisoners. 1799. Reduction of Surinam. — Lieut.-Gen. Trigge, having col- lected a body of troops from the ' islands of Grenada, St. Lucie, and Martinique, sailed from P ort Royal on the 31st of July, in a squadron under Vice-Admiral H. Seymour, consisting of two sail of the line, five frigates, &c., to attack Suri- nam. On the 1 6th of August, the squadron having anchored, a sum- mons was sent to the governor to surrender the colony. A deputa- tion, consisting of some military officers and the principal inha- bitants, came off to treat gene- rally; and on the 19th the ad- miral and general, with the frigates and smaller vessels, proceeded two miles up the river, when a detach- ment of the 60th regiment landed and took possession of the re- doubts and battery at Braam’s point, which had been previously abandoned. On the 20th the capi- tulation was ratified, stipulating that all ships of war, artillery, provisions, and stores should be delivered up to His Britannic Ma- jesty. On the 21st, 400 men of the 60th took possession of fort Amsterdam ; and 500 Walloon guards, with 250 Dutch troops, marched out with the honours of war. All the other forts also sub- mitted. August 20. 1695. Siege of Namur. — King William III. of England, resolving to regain Namur, laid siege to that place, having under his personal command 70 batta- lions and 80 squadrons; the se- cond corps under the Elector of Bavaria, 36 battalions and 130 squadrons, lying near Dender- mond ; the third, under General Eremburg, was of 20 battalions and 10 squadrons; and the fourth, of 25 battalions, commanded by Ba- ron de Heyden, was posted be- tween Bref and Falcis. The gar- rison of Namur consisted of 16,000 men, under Marshal Bouf- flers. The trenches were opened on the 11th of July, and the be- siegers had raised thirty bat- teries, which mounted 130 guns and 80 mortars; and this power- ful artillery played almost with- out intermission. The besieged made so many sorties as filled the trenches of the confederates, and whole battalions were destroyed by the springing of mines; and it cost the assailants eight days’ time before they could make them- selves masters of the outworks. The first assault was the most sanguinary and obstinately con- tested on record ; and although the allies renewed the attack four several times, the town did not propose to capitulate until the 5th of August, when the troops retired into the citadel. The 244 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 21. French army under Villeroi, con- sisting of 100 battalions and 200 squadrons, having failed in an effort to raise the siege of Namur, the confederates prepared for a general assault, which was made at eleven places at the same time. About ten o’clock on the morning of the 20th of August, the troops moved to the attack in two co- lumns, composed of three thou- sand chosen men, at the head of whom were the English grena- diers, who out-braved all the rest in mounting the breach made in the body of the castle, which was 600 yards from the head of the trenches, and was defended on both sides by formidable out- works. But these gallant soldiers, led by Lord Cutts, made their way, in spite of every obstacle, and the first battalion planted their colours on the crest of the breach. Here they were so firmly opposed that they were forced to fall back; and the 2nd battalion being also compelled to retire, threw the advancing troops into great confusion. The other points of attack were resisted by the French with equal bravery, and the assailants repulsed in all their attempts with great slaugh- ter. Villeroi made another at- tempt to relieve Namur, and ranged his army in order of battle in the wood of St. Dennis. The Marquis de la Floret being detached by King William with 30 squadrons to reconnoitre the enemy, Marshal Villars ordered 40 squadrons to pass the Mehaigne and attack him ; but the French drawn into an ambuscade, were charged so furiously that they were compelled to retreat with great loss. The allies, elated with their success, were preparing to make another assault upon the castle; but Marshal Boufflers, un- willing to expose his brave troops to further loss, capitulated on the 2nd of September; and the gar- rison marched out with the ho- nours of war on the 5th of that month. Namur was purchased at a very dear rate by the confede- rates, who, besides the enormous expense incurred in prosecuting the siege, lost nearly 20,000 men, the elite of the whole army. August 21. 1801. Castle of Marabout surrenders. — Between the 18th and 19th of August, Major-Gen. Coote opened batteries against the castle of Marabout ; an attack was also made from the sea by several Turkish corvettes, and the launches and boats of the fleet, under the guidance of the Hon. Capt. Cochrane. Great perse- verance and exertions were re- quired to get up heavy guns through a difficult and almost impracticable country, but the British troops executed this ar- duous service with such zeal and enduring firmness that the fort capitulated on the night of the 21st. The garrison consisted of about 180 men, commanded by a chef de brigade. 1808. Battle of Vimiero. — On the 21st of August, General Junot, with 14,000 fighting men, in four divisions, three composed of infantry and one of cavalry, with 23 pieces of artillery, of small calibre, at ten o’clock in the morning commenced the at- tack of the British army under Sir Arthur Wellesley, occupying the heights around the village of Vimiero. That force, formed into eight brigades, consisted of 18,089 infantry, 660 artillery, with 18 guns, and 240 cavalry: out of these, 1650 Portuguese under Col. Trant, and two regi- ments under Gen. Beresford being August 22. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 245 with the fleet at the entrance of the Tagus, made a total of 20,639 men. Laborde’s division com- menced the battle by attacking Anstruther’s brigade, and being reinforced by Loison, they mounted the face of the hill with great impetuosity; but, checked by the well directed Are of the artillery, and then vigorously charged in front and flank, they were compelled to retreat. At the same time Fane’s brigade repulsed an attack on their side, and Col. Taylor, with the very few horsemen he commanded, rode fiercely among the enemy, and scattered them with great ex- ecution ; but Margaron’s horse came suddenly upon Taylor, who was there slain, and half of his feeble squadron cut to pieces. Kellermann, taking advan- tage of this check, threw one-lmlf of the reserve into a wood, and with the other renewed the attack ; but the 43rd regiment broke down upon the head of the column, and after a desperate struggle, re- pulsed them in disorder. Mean- while Brennier came upon Fergu- son’s brigade, on the left of the English position, which they found fully prepared, formed in three lines, protected by steep declivities on either side, with a powerful artillery; and on the right, the Portuguese were seen marching to attack their rear. Ferguson, taking the initiative, bore down upon the enemy, and the regiments of the second line advancing in rapid succession, increased the front. The French, after several ineffectual efforts to check the advancing troops, the retiring column being continually outflanked on the left, was thrown into the low ground about Parenza, and here six guns were captured; but Gen. Brennier having cleared the ravine, retook the artillery. His success was but momentary, for the British, with a shout, returning to the charge, overthrew him, recovered the guns, and Brennier himself was wound- ed and made prisoner. At this period, when Ferguson, who had separated the French brigade, and would have forced the greater part of Solignac’s to surrender, was ordered to halt. It was now twelve o’clock, and the battle was won: thirteen guns were in our possession. The 4th and 8th bri- gades had suffered very little, whilst the Portuguese, the 1st, and 5 th brigades had not fired a shot, and the latter were two miles nearer to Torres Vedras than any part of the French army. Under these advantageous cir- cumstances Sir Arthur deter- mined to force Junot upon the Tagus ; while Hill, Anstruther, and Fane, seizing upon the defile of Torres Vedras, would push on to Montachique, and cut him off from Lisbon; but Sir Harry Burrard had now assumed the chief command, and the army was concentrated around Vimiero. The loss of the French, in killed and wounded, was estimated at 1800; that of the British being exactly 720. August 22. 1138. Battle of the Stand- ard. — David, King of Scotland, having entered Northumberland with a powerful army, had ad- vanced as far as Northallerton, when they were met by the En- glish forces under the command of the Earl of Albemarle. The Scotch commenced the battle ; the Gallovidians advancing with three huzzas, charged the English lance- men with such fury that they fell back, but, being supported by the second line, and the assailants having no defensive armour 246 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 22. against the English arrows and pikes, their gallant efforts proved ineffectual ; and their chieftains, Ulrick and Donald, being slain, they turned and fled in great con- fusion. The Prince of Scotland then moved forward with such resolution that he penetrated to the rear of the English, who began to fall into disorder, when an old soldier, placing the head of one of the slain on the point of his spear, called aloud “ Behold the head of the Scottish king.” Confounded by this apparition, the Scots be- came dispirited, and began to give ground. At this moment the Archbishop of York brought forward in a carriage a conse- crated standard, surmounted by a cross. This circumstance, cou- pled with the supposition that their king was slain, so appalled the flying enemy, that they were totally routed with great slaugh- ter. Stephen was so elated with this victory that he conferred the additional title of York- shire upon the Earl of Albemarle, and the earldom of Derby upon Ferrers. 1485. Battle op Bosworth Field. — Richard III., having rendered himself odious to the nation, various parts of the king- dom were in a state of insurrec- tion, in order to divide the royal forces. The Duke of Bucking- ham, who was at the head of this rebellion, was betrayed into the hands of Richard by an un- grateful servant, in order to ob- tain the reward offered of 1000/., and the duke was beheaded at Shrewsbury. Notwithstanding this check to his prospects of at- taining the throne, Richmond em- barked his troops at Harfleur, and in six days arrived at Milford Haven. He then marched to Shrewsbury, having been joined on his route through Wales by numerous adherents. Meanwhile, the monarch encamped his army between Leicester and Coventry. On the 22nd August the armies came in sight of each other on Redmore plain, near Bosworth, a small town in Leicestershire. Richard’s army consisted of 1 2,000 men, well accoutred; whilst Rich- mond had only 5000 men, badly armed, which he formed in two lines. The fight was valiantly maintained on both sides, when Sir William Stanley, who had stood aloof until it became ap- parent which side was likely to prevail, now joined Richmond with 2000 men. This accession made Richard desperate, and finding all his endeavours to rally his troops ineffectual, he rushed into the thickest of the fight, and fell in the midst of those he had slain. This great battle termi- nated the feuds of the houses of York and Lancaster, and esta- blished a new dynasty on the throne of England. 1801. French driven into Alexandria. — Seven sloops of war under Capt. Cochrane enter- ed the western harbour of Alex- andria on the evening of the 21st August, and on the morning of the 22nd, at 6 o’clock, the troops in two brigades, under Major- General Eyre Coote, advanced against the enemy, posted upon a ridge of high hills, having two heavy guns on the right flank, and two batteries, mounting three more, on the left, with many field- pieces at entervals in the line. The British army moved through the sand-hills in three columns, their field artillery with the ad- vanced guard; and, although ex- posed to a heavy fire, compelled the enemy to retire within the walls of Alexandria about 10 o’clock, leaving seven guns be- hind them. August 23. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 247 August 23. 1781. Tripasore stormed. — Tippoo, having been strongly reinforced, moved to the north- ward to intercept Col. Pearce’s Bengal detachment ; Coote there- fore, on 2nd August, effected a junction with ten battalions of Bengal sepoys and twenty pieces of cannon, under command of Col. Pearce, at Pulicat. Before the army could move to the re- lief of Vellore or Arcot, it was necessary to take Tripasore, a fortification that had recently been much strengthened, and was garrisoned by 1500 men. On the 19th August he arrived be- fore it, and by the 22nd a breach was effected. The garrison de- manding terms, and the army of Hyder appearing in sight, orders were given to storm on the 23rd, when the fortress surrendered at discretion. Hyder drew off on seeing the British in possession of the works ; and to a proposi- tion of Sir Eyre Coote to ex- change the prisoners taken at Tripasore, he declined the pro- posal, at the same time recom- mending the English general to put them all to death. 1782. Cape River Port car- ried. — Capt. J ohn Campbell of the Wanks River district, having collected 150 negroes, from 14th July continued assiduously to annoy the Spanish garrison at Black River fort, near Gracios a Dios, in Mexico, and narrowed the limits of their post to the east- ward, until, by a judicious move- ment to the westward, he passed their sentinels unnoticed in the night of 23rd August, and car- ried Cape River fort (late fort Dalling), with the loss of only two men. Sixty-five Spaniards were killed, nine taken prisoners (mostly wounded), and forty escaped. 1793. Surrender of Pon- dicherry. — Intelligence having been received at Madras on the 1st June that war had been de- clared by France against England and Holland, the British army under Col. Braithwaite assembled near Pondicherry, and, having prepared all the necessary equip- ments for the siege of that for- tress, operations commenced early in the month of August ; but on the 23rd the place sur- rendered at discretion. 1801. Surrender of Fort Marabout. — The surrender of fort Marabout, so important to our fleets, was effected without any loss on our side. Lieut, - Col. Darby, with the 51st regi- ment, covered the attack; and the judicious manner in which he posted the light infantry of that corps, on an adjoining rock, silenced the guns by their well directed musketry, and thus greatly accelerated the submis- sion of the fort. The capitula- tion stipulated that the garrison should be conveyed to France, not to serve until regularly ex- changed, August 2 1773. The force under Col. Smith which left Trichinopoly on 3rd August for the reduction of Tanjore, after routing the ene- my on the 5th, invested Tanjore. On the 20th, approaches were made to within 500 yards of the wall of the city. On the 24th, the enemy made a determined sortie, but were driven back with considerable loss ; on which oc- casion the grenadiers of the first Madras European regiment par- ticularly distinguished them- selves. 248 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 25. 1793. Action near Furnes. — Whilst the Duke of York on 24th August was preparing to at- tack the enemy, who were still posted at some distance from Dunkirk, in order to get posses- sion of the ground which it was necessary to occupy previous to the siege, they hastened the exe- cution of his design by attacking the outposts between the canal of Furnes and the sea. Lieut.- Gcn. Dalton immediately moved to their support, and the enemy were driven into the town, with the loss of one gun and some prisoners. The ardour of the British cany in g them further in the pursuit than was intended, they suffered considerably from the guns of the place. 1814. Battle of Bladens- burg. — Major-Gen. Ross having determined to make an attack upon the city of Washington, early on the morning of the 24th August the army moved in three brigades from their encampment at Upper Marlborough on the Patuxent river. The light bri- gade, under Lieut.-Col. Thorn- ton, consisted of the 58th regi- ment, light companies of the 4th, 44th, and of the royal marines, with a detachment of marine ar- tillery ; the right brigade com- posed of 4th and 44th regiments ; and the left of 21st fusiliers and second battalion of royal ma- rines. In addition to this force, 200 seamen were attached to the field-guns. The Americans, ac- cording to the lowest estimate, amounted to 7600 men, with 23 pieces of artillery. It -was about noon when the British arrived on the heights of Bladensburg, where the American army was drawn up in two lines upon a commanding eminence, on the north side of the high road leading from Bladensburg to Washington. The light brigade, in crossing the bridge, became ex- posed to a heavy fire ; but the enemy immediately retired and fled towards the capital, leaving ten pieces of cannon and 120 prisoners in the hands of the British, whose loss amounted to 64 killed and 185 men wounded. As soon as the troops were re- freshed, the major-general moved forward the left brigade ; and as the British entered the city of Washington the American army quitted it on the other side. Pro- perty to the amount of 365,400/. sterling, as well as several public buildings, were destroyed. 1842. Afghans defeated. — The want of carriage-cattle at Jellalabad prevented any move- ment on the part of Gen. Pollock for four months. During that time the state of affairs at Ca- bul showed clearly the facility with which that capital might be captured ; and there were two fac- tions there, struggling for mas- tery and plunder. Preparations were at length effected for an advance on Cabul, and on 20th August Gen. Pollock moved from Jellalabad to pass through the defiles, where the bones of the butchered British soldiers lay still unburied. On the 24th, he defeated 12,000 Afghans at Mammoo Khail, and remained a fortnight at Gundamuck. August 25. 1706. Surrender of Menin. — The operations during the siege of Menin are related in the Calendar of the 18th August, on which day the confederates esta- blished themselves in the covert- way, after sustaining a consider- able -loss of men. The breaching batteries being opened against August 26, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 249 the place, the Duke of Marlbo- rough again went to hasten the progress of the attack. Within a few hours he had the satisfac- tion to observe the last defences of the fortress in a state of ruin and the besieged reduced to pro- pose a capitulation. After some discussion, terms were arranged, and on the 25th August the gates were opened to the allies, the garrison retiring with the honours of war to Douay. Among the cannon of the fortress were four English pieces captured at the battle ofLanden, which, being considered as a trophy, were sent back to England. The loss of the allies incurred in the reduc- tion of this strong and important fortress amounted to no less than 3000 killed and wounded; that of the garrison, 1 500. 1 763. Action at Auda Nulla. — The forces of Ally Cawn re- tired to Auda Nulla near Mon- gheer, a place of great strength by nature, where they threw up a work and mounted 100 pieces of cannon, with a deep and broad ditch in front. On the 21st Au- gust, Major Adams, with the 84th regiment, 150 of the Com- pany’s forces, two troops of European and one of black ca- valry, 10 companies of sepoys, and 12 pieces of cannon, en- camped within 3000 yards of the enemy’s works, and began to throw up intrenchments to pro- tect the camp. On the 24th a redoubt was erected for the pro- tection of the trenches within 1200 yards of the enemy’s works, defended by a force of 120 Eu- ropeans, 300 sepoys, and three pieces of cannon. On the 25th, at noon, the enemy attacked this post with a considerable number of sepoys, who were permitted to advance within one hundred yards, when they received such a destructive fire that they were compelled to retreat, leaving 100 killed and wounded on the field. 1801 . French repulsed near Alexandria. — At the reduction of Alexandria the British bat- teries opened against the redoubt de Bain on 24th August, and during the night of the 25th Major-Gen. Coote surprised the enemy’s advanced posts, cap- turing seven officers and fifty men. This service was performed by Lieut.- Col. Smith, with the 1st battalion of the 20th regiment and a small detachment of dra- goons under Lieut. Kelly, of the 26th. The enemy made an effort to recover their position, but were repulsed with loss. 1811. Reduction of fort Cornelis. — At the reduction of Java the cannonade was con- tinued against fort Cornelis throughout the 24th August, with great loss on both sides, and to the evident disadvantage of the Dutch, many of their guns being dismounted and their front line of defence considerably injured. In this state of things an assault was determined upon and the command entrusted to Colonel Gillespie. At midnight the troops moved to the attack, and after a desperate struggle they carried all before them. Three general officers and 5000 troops were taken prisoners, and more than a thousand were found dead among the works. The loss of the British from the 4th to the 26th (including the navy and the native troops) amounted to 156 killed and 788 wounded. August 26. 1346. Battle of Cressy. — King Edward III. landed at La Hogue, and, having divided his 250 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 26. army, consisting of 30,000 foot and 2500 horse, into three bodies, began to ravage the country, subjugating Caen and other towns on his march to Rouen ; and finding King Philip of France posted on the other bank of the Seine with a numerous army, he resolved to besiege Calais. Proceeding towards that place, he encamped on an eminence near Cressy, in Lower Picardy, w r here he drew up his army on 26 th August. The first line, commanded by the Prince of Wales, who had just reached his fifteenth year, consisted of 800 men-at-arms, 4000 archers and 6000 Welsh infantry. The second line, commanded by the Earl of Arundel, comprised 8000 men- at-arms, 4000 halberdiers, and 2000 archers. These two lines were formed on the declivity of a hill, the second outflanking the first on the left, where it was also protected by a ditch terminating in the park of Cressy. The king in person commanded the third line, posted on the brow of a hill behind the other two, composed of 700 men-at-arms, 5300 bill- men and 6000 archers, making a total of 36,800 men. The French army was formed in three divi- sions. The first, commanded by John de Luxembourg and the blind king of Bohemia, consisted of 3000 men-at-arms, 29,000 in- fantry, and 15,000 crossbows, which were planted opposite the English archers. The second, under Charles, Count of Alenyon, was composed of 4000 men-at- arms and 20,000 infantry. Philip in person commanded the third, as a reserve, consisting of 12,000 men-at-arms and 50,000 infantry. About 3 o’clock in the afternoon the Genoese advanced to the at- tack ; but a heavy shower falling at the time, their bow-strings were rendered almost unavailing. On the other hand, the English archers, who had their bows en- cased, favoured by a sudden gleam of sunshine that flashed in the faces of the enemy, let fly their arrows with such precision that the Genoese fled in the ut- most confusion. The Count D’Alen£on at the same time made a furious charge with his men- at-arms on the division conducted byv the Prince of Wales ; but these were also repulsed with severe loss. At that moment an impetuous onset of three squa- drons of French and German knights, with a strong body of men-at-arms, broke through the column of archers, and the prince was attacked both in front and flank. The archers, however, soon rallied, and a reinforcement arriving under the Earls of North- ampton and Arundel, the enemy were surrounded and cut to pieces. The main body of the enemy, led by King Philip, now moved to the support of the troops that had retreated. No- thing, however, could resist the valour of the Prince of Wales and his attendants, who bore down all opposition. But the strife continued with unabated fury on both sides, until Philip was borne from the field severely wounded in the neck and thigh. All resistance then ceased, and the French, flying in all direc- tions, were slaughtered in count- less numbers by their remorseless conquerors. Their loss amounted to the Kings of Bohemia and Majorca, the Duke of Lorraine and many nobles, 24 bannerets, 1200 knights, 1500 gentlemen, 4000 men-at-arms, and 30,000 infantry ; while the English loss did not exceed three knights and an inconsiderable number of soldiers. In commemoration of .August 27. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 251 the prowess of Prince Edward in this glorious battle, the crest of the king of Bohemia — three ostrich feathers, with the motto “Ich Dien” (I serve) — has from that period been adopted by the heirs to the crown of England. 1752. French defeated near Bahoor. — The French army, under M. de Kerjean, consisting of 400 Europeans, 1500 sepoys, and 500 cavalry, was defeated near Bahoor, with the loss of eight pieces of cannon, by Gen. Lawrence, with 400 Europeans, 1700 sepoys, and 4000 of the Nabob’s troops, whose loss did not exceed 80 in killed and wounded. August 27. 1346. After the battle of Cressy, the victorious Edward, having sounded a retreat and ordered his men to be upon their guard during the night, lest the French should rally, detached a party at daylight on 27 th to pursue the fugitives. This de- tachment meeting in a fog the militia of Rouen and Beauvais, on their march to join Philip’s army, routed them on the first onset. The Archbishop of Rouen and the grand prior of France, advancing with a reinforcement, were defeated and slain, with 2000 of their followers. The En- glish gathering some standards that lay scattered on the field, planted them on a hill to decoy the enemy dispersed about the villages, and the stratagem suc- ceeded. These flocking around their standards, were fallen upon and slain without mercy ; for Edward had given an order pre- vious to the battle to give no quarter, and a similar instance of barbarity was exercised by the French king. 1756. Reduction of Fort Frontenac. — Lieutenant-Col. Bradstreet was detached from the army under Major-Gen. Aber- cromby, with 154 regulars, 2491 provincials, 27 artillery, 61 ran- gers, 300 bateaumen, and 70 In- dians, in all 3103 men, to attack fort Frontenac, on Lake Oswego, mounting 30 guns, and situated on Lake George, North America. On the 25th August, the troops landed without opposition within a mile of the fort, and on the morning of the 27 th the garrison capitulated. 1776. Battle at Long Island. — The British army, amounting to 15,000 men, with 40 pieces of cannon, under General Howe, embarked at Staten island on the morning of 22nd August, and effected a landing at Graves- end Bay, Long island on the same day, without opposition. On the 25th two brigades of Hessians, under Lieut. -Gen. Heister, were added to this force, and took post at Flat Bush; while the Earl of Cornwallis, with the reserve, drew off to the Flat island, as did also the brigade of light infantry under Lieut.-Gen. Clinton, with 14 field-pieces, in order to turn the enemy’s left. The main body of the army, consisting of the guards, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th brigades, with ten field pieces, led by Lieut.-Gen. Lord Per^y, soon followed, and having reached Bedford at 8 o’clock, in rear of the enemy’s left, the attack im- mediately commenced by the light infantry and dragoons driv- ing the rebels, who fell back upon their principal redoubt. Soon after daybreak Lieut.- Gen. Heister cannonaded the enemy in his front, and having advanced Col. Donop’s corps to attack the rebels posted on the hill, sup- ported them at the head of his 252 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 28 . brigades. The light infantry being reinforced by a detach- ment of the guards, had taken three pieces of cannon, and were warmly engaged with the enemy in the woods ; but on the approach of the Hessians, the rebels gave way, and were completely routed in that quarter. On the left, Gen. Howe directed Major- Gen. Grant, with the 4th and 6th bri- gades, the 42nd regiment, and two companies of New York pro- vincials, w'ith ten pieces of can- non, to move along the coast to draw the enemy’s attention from then' left, the principal object of attack. At daybreak on 27th he fell in with a large corps, with whom he was engaged some time, until they became appre- hensive that their left had been turned ; when they moved to cross a swamp and a creek, but being met by the 2nd battalion of grenadiers, and 7 1st regiment, they sustained great loss, and many were drowned in the morass. The rebel army on Long island was commanded by Gen. Put- man, and the forces he detached from his lines at Brooklyne amounted to 10,000 men. These he placed under command of Major- Gen. Sullivan and Bri- gadier-Gens. Stirling and Udell, who were all three made pri- soners. The total loss of the rebels was 2000, and the pri- soners amounted to 997, of which 67 were wounded ; on the part of the British, 61 were killed and 257 wounded. 1799. Reduction of the Helder. — The British army un- der Lieut.-Gen. Abercromby, ef- fected a landing at the Helder on the morning of 27 th August with- out opposition ; but, on moving forward, were attacked by the enemy in considerable force, who towards evening were compelled to retire to a position two leagues in theii^ rear. The regiments principally engaged were the 23rd, 27th, 29th, 55th, and 85th. The total loss of the British amounted 56 killed, 371 wounded, and 26 missing. .August 28. 1710. Siege of Bethune. — This city, situated on the river Bielle, in Flanders, and eighteen miles north-west from Arras, was invested by order of the Duke oi Marlborough by a division or Lieut.-Gen. Schulemburg, consist- ing of twenty battalions and eighteen squadrons. The fortress was summoned on the 14th July, and refusing to surrender, was re- gularly invested, — the Duke with his army covering it from any at- tempts of the French army under Marshal Villars, and the siege was pushed with all possible vigour. On the 24th the garrison made a formidable sortie, w’hich threw the besiegers into much confusion. The conflict was long and sanguinary; but at length the superiority of numbers prevailed, and the besieged were driven back into the fortress leaving 1500 killed, and above 3000 w r ounded. Nor was this enduring struggle less fatal to the victors, whose loss was at least equal to that of their opponents. Nothing further remarkable oc- curred until the 28 th August, when the counterscarp was car- ried sword in hand. The be- siegers being now prepared to attack every other point, De Puy Vauban, the governor, apprehend- ing a general assault, and his ammunition and provisions being nearly expended, w r as under the necessity of capitulating. He ob^ tained honourable terms for the remainder of the gallant defend- August 29. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 253 crs, who were reduced to 1700 men, having lost nearly 2000 during the siege. The loss- of the besieging army exceeded three thousand three hundred men, ex- clusive of a great many officers. 1799. Surrender of the Helder. — It having been deter- mined by Lieut.-Gen. Sir Ralph Abercromby to attack the Helder, garrisoned by 2000 men, on the morning of 28th August the bri- gade under Major- Gen. Moore, supported by that of Major- Gen. Burrard, were destined for that service. But on the evening of the 27th, the Dutch fleet on the Mars Diep got under way; con- sequently the garrison of the Hel- der was withdrawn, and, having spiked the guns, they took their route through the marshes to- wards Medemblick. About 9 o’clock at night, Major-Gen. Moore, with the second battalion of the royals and the 92nd regi- ment, took possession of this im- portant post, in which were found a numerous park of artillery of the best kind, both of heavy and field train. The whole of the Dutch fleet in the Nieuve Diep, together with the naval magazine fell into the hands of the British. August 29. 1778. Capture of Rhode Island. — On the 29th of August, at daybreak, it was perceived that the enemy had retreated during the night, upon which Major- Gen. Prescott detached a regi- ment from the second line under his command over Easton’s Beach, towards the left flank of the enemy’s encampment, and a q>art of Brown’s corps was di- rected to take possession of their works. At the same time Briga- dier-Gen. Smith was detached with the 22nd and 43th regiments, and the flank companies of the 38th and 54th, by the east road. Major-Gen. Losberg marched by the west road, with the Hessian chasseurs and the two Anspach re- giments, in order to annoy the ene- my in their retreat. Learning that the rebels made a stand and were in force upon Quaker’s Hill, the 54th and Hessian regiment of Huyn, with part of Brown’s corps, were ordered to move in support of Gen. Smith, but before this re- inforcement could arrive, the per- severance of that officer and the gallant conduct of the troops had gained possession of the strong post of Quaker’s Hill, and com- pelled the enemy to retire to their works at the north end of the island. In the meantime Gen. Losberg drove the enemy from two redoubts at the west end of the island, and took possession of Turkey Hill. Towards evening, an attempt being made by the rebels to cut off’ the chasseurs, who were in advance on the left, the regiments of Fanning and Huyn were ordered up to their support, and, after a smart engage- ment with the enemy, obliged them to retire to their main body on Windmill Hill. During the night of the 30th, they retreated over Bristol and Howland’s Ferry ; thus relinquishing every hold in the island, and resigning the en- tire possession to the British. August 30. 1711. Siege of Bouchain. ■ — On the 1 Oth of August, Bouchain was invested by the allied army under the Duke of Marlborough, who was indefatigable in forming lines, erecting forts, raising bat- teries, and throwing bridges over the Scheldt and Sanset; at the same time a causeway was made through a deep morass. He also 254 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 31 took measures to provide for the security of convoys against a nu- merous army on one side, and the garrison of Conde and Valen- ciennes on the other. On the other hand, Villars took every precaution that skill and expe- rience could suggest to baffle Marlborough’s endeavours, and even made efforts to raise the siege; but they were rendered in- effectual by the latter’s consum- mate prudence and activity. The operations of the siege were di- rected by Generals Fagel, Colyer, and Schwartzen, while the duke, with his army, covered it. The approaches were carried on in the usual manner until the 30th, when the dispositions being al- tered, a particular point of attack was assigned to each of the ge- nerals, The batteries were then opened, and such a destructive cannonade maintained, that the guns on the ramparts were dis- mounted, the outworks partly de- molished, and the bastions on the right and left of the lower town were taken by storm. 1782. On the 28th of August a force under Major Campbell, consisting of eighty American rangers, 500 free people of colour and negroes, and 600 Musquito Indians, under their respective chiefs, who had elected for their leader Lieut.-Colonel Despard (Captain of the 79th regiment), reached the mouth of the Plan- tain river, about seven leagues to the eastward of the Spaniards at Black River, in Mexico. On the 30th, the troops arrived at Black River Bluff, opposite to the eastern block-house, when the Spaniards despatched a flag to inquire the object of the expedition. A sum- mons to surrender the post to His Britannic Majesty’s forces was sent to the commandant in reply; and, after some altercation, the garrison, consisting of twenty- seven officers and 715 rank and file, surrendered as prisoners of war. 1842. Afghans routed at Gonine. — Major- Gen. Nott, with 7 000 men, lightly equipped, set out from Candahar on the 10th of August for Ghuznee and Cabul, having ammunition and provi- sions for forty days. The march was unopposed until the 30th, when, having reached Gonine, 31 miles SW. of the fortress, the Afghans, under Shams-ad-deen Khan, attempted to stop his pro- gress. General Nott, with one- half of his force, gave battle, and in a short time routed the 12,000 Affghans, and captured their guns, ammunition, and baggage. August 31. 1751. Capture of Arcot. — Capt. Clive, with 200 Europeans and 300 sepoys, and five guns, marched from Madras on the 26th of August to attack Arcot, and on the 31st arrived within ten miles of the place, where the enemy’s spies discovered the En- glish continuing their march dur- ing a fearful storm, — the thunder, lightning, and rain, even more terrific than is usual in India, and seemed to render further ad- vance impracticable ; but Clive, aware of the impression that such hardihood would produce on Oriental minds, pushed forward in spite of the elemental strife. Daunted by his boldness, the gar- rison instantly abandoned the fort, and the English marched through the city to the astonish- ment of about 100,000 inhabitants, and took possession both of the town and citadel, the latter of which Clive immediately occu- pied. . 1795. Fort Ostenburgh, Trin- comalee, surrendered to the British. September 1. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 255 1813. Combat at Veka Wellington being aware of the force and direction of Clauzel’s columns, concentrated liis divi- sions, and as the day broke on the 31st of August the whole of the French line was assailed. Two Portuguese brigades of the 6th and 7th divisions, directed by Lord Dalhousie and General Colville, drove the French from their camp behind IJrdax, and burned it. 1813. Assault of St. Sebas- tian. — The morning of the 31st of August broke heavily, and the fog was so thick that the be- siegers’ batteries could not open until eight o’clock. A constant fire was kept up until eleven, when Robinson’s brigade passing through the openings in the sea- wall, moved against the breaches. The French, startled by the gal- lant attempt of a sergeant and twelve men to cut the sausage of the enemy’s mines, fired the train prematurely; and the high sea- wall was thrown down with a dreadful crash upon the head of the advancing column. Although severely scourged from all sides, the stormers reached their desti- nations, and the head of the first column gained the top of the great breach ; but their daring progress was arrested by the un- expected gulf below. At the bas- tion of St. John, the impediments were still greater, and the slaugh- ter immense. “ The volunteers being now let loose, went like a whirlwind to the breaches, crowd after crowd were seen to mount, to totter, and to sink; the deadly French fire was unabated, and the crest of the breach was co- vered with the slain.” * The third breach was now assailed by the 13th Portuguese regiment, led by Major Snodgrass, followed by a * Napier. detachment of the 24th; but, in spite of the most courageous efforts, it was evident that the assault must fail, unless some ac- cident intervened, — for the tide was rising, and the reserves were all engaged. At this moment a quantity of combustibles, which the French had accumulated, took fire behind the traverses ; and while the ramparts were involved in suffocating eddies of smoke, the British soldiers broke in at the first traverse. A desperate struggle ensued, but the fury of the stormers, whose numbers in- creased every moment, could not be stemmed. Five hours the dread- ful battle had lasted at the walls, and now the stream of war went pouring into the town, and the remnant of the besieged fled into the fortress of Monte Orgullo. The carnage at the breaches was appalling, and the whole British loss since the renewal of the siege exceeded two thousand five hun- dred men and officers. September 1. 1748. Siege of Pondicherry. — By the injudicious suggestion of the engineers in the siege of Pon- dicherry, the operations against the town were to be carried on against the north side, where the squadron took up their positions. This was the enemy’s strongest point, nor could the approaches be carried on nearer than eight hundred yards of the walls ; there being a deep morass between the works of the besiegers and the town, which the enemy, by the means of some backwater, render- ed a complete inundation. On the 30th August the engineers broke ground fifteen hundred yards from the walls, carrying on their operations in an injudicious manner. On 1st September the 256 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 2. French, under the command of M. de Paradis, made a strong sortie in two divisions, attacking the trenches in two places. That officer, leading the largest body, being killed when close to the works, the enemy instantly re- treated into the town. The other division having occupied some huts about a hundred yards in front of the second parallel, opened a galling fire, and then advancing to seize the intrench- ment, the British troops fell into some disorder. But ensign Clive gallantly leading his section, by his example and exhortations rallied the men ; then, throwing in a well-directed fire, compelled the enemy to retire to the huts, whencebeing driven, they retreated into the town in great confusion. 1795 . Cape of Good Hope. — During the operations -which led to the surrender of the Cape of Good Hope, an attack was made on the night of 27th August upon the Dutch outposts, by a detach- ment under Lieut. -Colonel Mac- kenzie; but, owing to the intricacy of the roads, combined with the ignorance of the guides, the at- tempt was not attended with the success it deserved. On the morning of the 1st September, the enemy having lined the range of mountains with Hottentots and Burgher militia, commenced a fire of musketry upon the British camp, which was not considered likely to prove of any serious effect, until the picket of the re- serve, being too much occupied in covering themselves, neglected their front. The enemy taking advantage of that circumstance, rushed forward in considerable numbers, and forced them to fall back with some loss. But Capt. Brown arriving with the grena- diers of the 78th regiment to their support, the enemy were driven down the hill again, and the pickets reoccupied their former position. In this affair Captain Money penny of the 78 th and Capt. Deutaffe of the St. Helena troops, were severely wounded. September 2. 1695. Surrender of Namur. — Marshal Villeroi, disappointed in his various attempts to save Namur, resolved to make another effort, and accordingly ranged his army in order of battle near the wood of St. Denis. Finding the passes defended by intrenchments, or otherwise impracticable by the defiles and sluices, he resolved to advance to Perwys, having in his front the Mehaigne. Meanwhile King William III., aware of his design, encamped at Offin. Hav- ing detached thirty squadrons on 30th August to observe the move- ments of the French army, the marshal ordered forty squadrons to pass the Mehaigne and attack the allied detachment; but the French were drawn into an am- buscade and driven back with considerable loss. Animated by this success, the allies were pre- paring to make a second general assault upon the castle ; when Mar- shal Boufflers and Count Guiscard, unwilling to risk the result of another encounter, capitulated on the 2nd September. On the 5th the castle was evacuated, and the confederates took possession of the fortress of Namur. 1801. Surrender of Alex- andria. — The town and forts of Alexandria were taken possession of by the troops under Lieut.- Gen. Hutchinson on 2nd Sep- tember, including the intrenched camp, the heights above Pompcy’s Pillar, -the redoubt de Bain, and the fort Triangular. By the third article of the capitulation September 3. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 257 the French army was to retire on the first complimentary day of the French era into the city of Alexandria and forts adjacent, and deliver up to the allied powers the intrenched camp in front of the lines of the Arabs, the fort Turc, and the fort Vivier, together with their artillery and ammunition. The French troops to evacuate the city, forts, and dependencies of Alexandria ten days after the signing of the capitulation, or at the time of their embarkation. September 3. 1191. Battle of Ascalon. — Richard I. of England, command- ing the Christian forces, defeated the Sultan Saladin’s army of 300,000 Saracens and other in- fidels. No less than 40,000 of the enemy were left dead on the field of battle, and the victorious monarch marched to Jerusalem. 1650. Battle op Dunbar. — The English, under Cromwell, on this day obtained a signal vic- tory over the Scots. 1651. Battle of Worcester. — A large body of Scots having marched into England to reinstate Charles II., Cromwell signally defeated them near Worcester. More than 2000 royalists were slain, and 8000 made prisoners ; Charles with difficulty escaping to France. 1709. Surrender of Tour- nay. — * The miners of the con- federates not being sufficiently numerous, the troops were order- ed upon that service ; but many of those who had braved danger in the field, recoiled from these subterraneous attacks with horror. Such was their reluctance that Eugene and Marlborough visited the trenches in person to en- courage them in this desperate service. At length the skill and perseverance of the assailants tri- umphing over all obstructions, the small garrison, exhausted by fatigue and famine, beheld with dismay the progress of the ap- proaches, and breaches made pre- paratory to a general assault. On the morning of 31st August, a white flag appeared on the walls, and a parley took place ; but the proposal that the garrison should surrender prisoners of war being rejected, hostilities recommenced. The fire of the besieging batteries, combined with the scarcity of provisions and the dread of a general assault, in which no quarter would be given, induced the commandant to surrender at discretion. The two generals, re- specting the enduring bravery of the garrison, allowed them to march out with the honours of war, retaining their swords and baggage, — to return to France, but not to serve until an equal number of prisoners taken from the allies were restored in ex- change. On the 3rd September, the gate of the citadel was de- livered to the confederates, and on the 5th the garrison was con- ducted to Conde. 1767. Battle of Changama. — Col. Smith finding himself deserted by Nizam Ali, retired into the Carnatic ; and receiving a reinforcement, the army under his command consisted of 800 Europeans of the Madras regi- ment, 30 of the corps mounted as dragoons, 1000 of the Nabob’s cavalry, 5000 sepoys, and sixteen field-pieces ; but these were wretchedly supplied with provi- sions and camp equipage. Look- ing down upon this force from the crest of the Ghauts, were the armies of Nizam and Hyder, amounting to 42,000 cavalry, 28,000 infantry, and 109 guns, ready to rush down upon the 258 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September Carnatic. No assurances or pro- testations of Col. Smith could, however, induce the Governor and Council of Madras to believe that an invasion was intended. Conse- quently no preparation was made ; not a magazine formed, nor any step taken to arrest the progress of so calamitous an event. For three days, Smith continued his route towards Trincomalee, the column of march harassed by clouds of the enemy’s cavalry ; and on the fourth (being 3rd September) the road led through the small pass of Changama, which terminated on the banks of a ford- able river ; whilst a village and hill had been occupied by the enemy, whose columns of infantry were rapidly advancing to secure the position. But Capt. Cosby, with the 6th sepoys, immediately attacked it, and drove the enemy with considerable loss. The main body under Col. Smith arriving up, a severe action ensued, and the repeated charges of the ene- my were gallantly repulsed. The British continued to advance, and, after hard fighting, drove the assailants before them. The ene- my’s loss, in killed alone, amount- ed to 2000 men, whilst that of the British was only 170. September 4. 1417. Caen taken. — The English army under Henry V. took the town of Caen in Nor- mandy by assault, and it conti- nued in our possession thirty years. The Duke of Clarence was the first to enter the works at the head of the assailants, and, having beat back the force de- fending the bridge, pushed on to the walls on the other side of the town. The enemy being thus attacked in front and rear, cried for quarter ; but the place was given up to pillage by the victorious monarch, as a reward for the valour of his troops. 1760. Attack of the En- glish Camp repulsed. — At the desire of Gov. Bigot and Col. Coote, the marines of the squa- dron, amounting to 422 men, were landed at Cuddalore on 29th August, to assist in taking Aran- copang and on the 30th the battalion joined the army. Col. Coote dhected Major Monson, with 800 men, to attack the place ; while himself with the main body marched against Oullagary, where the enemy were strongly posted. In the absence of this force, M. Daily resolved to attack our lines ; and on the 3rd Septem- ber, at four in the morning, he assaulted four of the advanced redoubts. Although feebly gar- risoned, the enemy were repulsed | from three of them, with great loss. On the night of the 4th, M. Dally made a vigorous at- tack on the redoubt near the Ta- marind Tope ; but the post was so gallantly maintained, that, spite of every effort, the enemy were compelled to retreat with great loss. 1763. Defeat at Auda Nul- la. — Major Adams having in- vested the force of Nabob Cos- sim Ali Cawn in their intrench- ments at Auda Nulla, on which v r ere mounted upwards of 100 pieces of cannon, w r as unable to complete his batteries before the 3rd September, owing to the un- favourable state of the weather and the difficulty of procuring materials. On that morning a battery opened, mounting four 18-pounders, two 12-pounders, and four howitzers, at about 500 yards’ distance. The enemy at the same time marched to attack the British encampment, front and real*, but were soon repulsed. September 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 259 On the 4th, finding that their fire had no great effect on the ene- my’s mud-work, and that there was no possibility of carrying it by the river, but by ad- vancing and filling the ditch, and the enemy considering himself secure by the large lake and swamp in front, Major Adams re- solved to attack that morning. He accordingly ordered the two companies of European grena- diers, a company of French vo- lunteers, and 500 grenadier sepoys to march at three in the morning, under command of Capt. Irvin, H. M.’s 84th regiment, supported by 1000 sepoys and two pieces of cannon ; the whole line advancing at the same time. This was car- ried into execution, and the as- sailants gained possession of the entire works with but little loss in proportion to the importance of the affair. The number of the enemy slain was enormous, and the drowned exceeded even those who fell in the onslaught. About 1500 were made prisoners; but these were allowed to dis- perse to their homes, — the first instance of this kind of liberality ever known in India. Their con- sternation and terror is reported to have been indescribable. Cos- sim Ali Cawn retired with the principal remains of his army to Patna, leaving a garrison of 2000 sepoys at Mongheer. The roads were strewed with the dead ; and the enemy made no attempt to rally, though many places were fortified by nature and required but little artificial assistance to be rendered impregnable, parti- cularly the pass of Tiriagully, where they had thirteen pieces of cannon, — all of which they aban- doned on the approach of their pursuers. September 5. 1705. Surrender of Den- dermond. — The attack of the confederates against Dendermond was confided to Gen. Churchill. The attention of the garrison being diverted by a skilful feint, the trenches were opened, on the left bank of the Scheldt, without loss ; and the approaches were pushed with such unusual ce- lerity, that the place was reduced to surrender, unconditionally, on the 5th September. 1760. Capture of Zieren- berg. — The Prince of Hesse having directed that an attack should be made on Zierenberg, the troops destined for this ser- vice were put in motion at eight o’clock on th'e night of the 5th of September. The cavalry, which were commanded by Major -Gen. Bock, consisted of two squadrons of the Greys, and two of the Inniskillings, two of Busch’s, two of Mallowkouseley’s, and four of Bock’s. The infantry, com- manded by Major- Gen. Griffin, was composed of Maxwell’s gre- nadiers, 150 highlanders, Kings- ley’s regiment, and three bat- talions of grenadiers. Captain Grey, who led Kingsley’s regi- ment, was the first man in the town ; and Maxwell entering nearly at the same moment on the opposite side, the unfortunate French posts, hemmed in by both these parties, were put to the sword, and the garrison, being soon overpowered, surrendered. The troops returned to the camp about 9 o’clock on the morning of the 6th, bringing with them three pieces of cannon and 428 prisoners. 1798. Defeat of Humbert. — On the 22nd of August, a French force, consisting of 1260 rank and file, with three pieces 260 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. September 6, of cannon, under General Hum- bert, landed in Killala bay, on the coast of Ireland. At that moment the British army were in two divisions, — one under Gen. Lake, at Tuam, and the other commanded by Cornwallis, at Athlone ; besides which there were 2000 men, under General Taylor, at Boyles ; and other smaller corps were scattered over various points. On the 30th of August the head-quarters were transferred to Ballinamore ; and on the 1st September a camp was formed at Knock hill. Lord Cornwallis arrived at Tuam on the 2nd ; and Gen. Lake was to be joined by Colonel Taylor at French Park. Arrangements were thus made to straiten the enemy’s left, and to cover the roads leading towards the Shan- non. On the 4th, Cornwallis advanced to Hollymount, with the intention of attacking the enemy ; but Humbert having filed off to the left, the British on the morning of the 5th were in rapid march towards Ballin- hannis, followed closely by Lake’s division. Humbert endeavoured, by suddenly doubling back to- wards Dumkern, to elude his pursuers, and he succeeded in reaching Ballinamuck ; but Gen. Lake overtaking him, the rebels immediately dispersed, and the French brigade, now reduced to 820 men, laid down their arms. 1800. Surrender of Malta. — The island of Malta and its dependencies, which withstood the memorable siege of the Turks in 1566, after the loss of above 20,000 men, surrendered to the French under Gen. Bonaparte in the outset of his expedition to Egypt, June 12th, 1798. Malta was blockaded by the British from the autumn of 1798, and, after enduring the most severe | privations, surrendered on the 5th September, 1800, and was taken possession of by the troops under Major-Gen. H. Pigot. 1842. Reduction ofGhuznee. — Gen. Nott, after defeating the Afghans, on the 30th August, at Gonine, approached Ghuznee on the 4th September, which, being reconnoitred, was found to be full of men. Nott nevertheless determined to assail the fortress, and, in order to carry the enemy’s mountain positions, immediately erected his batteries. Early on the morning of the 5th, it was discovered that the place had been evacuated during the night. On its being entered by the British troops, not a living crea- ture remained within its walls, and the houses were almost entirely unroofed or destroyed by the factions of the Afghans for the sake of the timber. The fortifi- cations and citadel were then destroyed, in order to obliterate the scene where such cruelties had been exercised towards the unre- sisting British prisoners. But as a contrast, the lovely village of Rozeh, near which the Candahar army was encamped during four days, was full of inhabitants, their houses filled with property, and their farm-yards stocked ; yet nothing was taken by the victo- rious troops but what was amply paid for. Some chiefs had en- deavoured, on the 14th and 15th, to impede the advance of the British ; but their troops were routed, and Nott reached Cabul two days after General Pollock. September 6. 1780. Battle at Perambau- cum. — When Sir Hector Munroe’s force left St. Thomas’s Mount, on the 26th of August, Hyder, whose total force amounted to September 7. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 261 100,000 men, raised the siege of Arcot. On the 29th, the British arrived at Conjeveram, the town of which Hyder had almost en- tirely destroyed. On the 5th of September, the detachment under Col. Baillie, consisting of 200 of the Madras regiment of infantry, two companies of artillery, with ten field-pieces, and five bat- talions of sepoys, reached Peram- baucum, about fourteen miles from Conjeveram, where it was attacked by a select corps under Tippoo, consisting of 30,000 ca- valry, 8000 infantry, and twelve pieces of artillery. During the whole of the day the enemy’s attacks were continued with much daring ; but Baillie, with his usual intrepidity, repulsed them with great slaughter. In the evening, that officer sent to Conjeveram, requesting Munroe to march to his assistance, while Tippoo reported to his father that he could make no impres- sion upon the British detachment. 1781 . Expedition against New London. — Many privateers having been fitted out at New London, in the Connecticut, for the annoyance of British com- merce, Lieut.-General Sir Henry Clinton detached Brigadier- Gen. Arnold, with a division of troops in transports, protected by the Amphion frigate, Captain Bazely, with some sloops of war. The convoy proceeded by the Sound, and on the 5th of September anchored off the Long Island shore, about ten leagues from New London. On the morning of the 6th, the troops effected a landing in tw r o places, and the whole force, consisting of the 38th, 40th, and 54-th regiments, 3rd battalion of New Jersey vo- lunteers, the Loyal Americans, American Legion, with a detach- ment of Yagers and royal artil- lery, moved forward. Captain Millet, with four companies, at- tacked fort Trumball, which commands New London harbour, and carried it without opposition, the enemy escaping to their boats. The main body, in their advance, also drove the enemy from a redoubt mounting six guns. On the opposite side of the river was fort Griswold, of considerable strength, of which, having entire command of the harbour, it was of importance to gain possession, or the enemy’s vessels would effect their escape. Lieut.-Col. Eyre was therefore directed to attack this post ; and that officer, after sending a sum- mons, stormed the fort on three sides, and carried it after an obstinate defence of forty mi- nutes, with a loss to the British of two officers and forty men killed, eight officers and 140 men wounded. Among the former, Major Montgomery of the 40th, and of the latter, Lieut.-Colonel Eyre of the 54th regiment, who behaved with great resolution, and led the attack, until wounded when near the enemy’s works. He was then succeeded by Major Montgomery, who was killed by a spear, as he was entering the fort. The command next de- volved on Major Bromfield, whose conduct did him great honour. Of the Americans, Col. Ladyard, and most of his officers, and 85 men were killed, and 60 wounded. Twelve vessels and all the store- houses were burnt, and fifty pieces of cannon rendered useless or brought away. September 7. 1706. Siege and Battle of Turin. — Notwithstanding the noble defence of the garrison of Turin, which had been invested 262 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 7, in the early part of May, their ' defences were almost ruined, and they had no prospect of relief but from Prince Eugene, who, sur- mounting the numerous impedi- ments thrown in his way, and overcomin g all opposition, passed four great rivers despite of the enemy, and reached Turin on 13th August. Being there joined by the Duke of Savoy, he passed the Po, between Montralier and Sa- vignan. On the 7th September the confederates marched up to the French intrenchments in eight columns, in face of forty pieces of cannon, and were formed in order of battle within half-gunshot of the enemy. They then moved to the attack with surprising deter- mination ; but were resolutely opposed, until prince Eugene, placing himself at the head of the battalions near the left, forced the intrenckment at the first onset. The Duke of Savoy having met with the same success in the centre, and on the right, the ca- valry, passing through the in- tervals of the infantry, pursued the fugitives ; and the enemy’s cannon in the outworks were turned against themselves. While the right wing was hotly engaged the remainder of the allies drove the enemy to their bridge upon the Po, and compelled them to surrender. They were also beaten out of Lucenta and forced to abandon the bridge on theDoria; and the garrison of Turin having made a gallant sortie, the allies became masters of all the enemy’s camp between the Stura, the Po, and the Doria, and there captured 39 field-pieces. This memorable battle lasted all night, because of the intrenchments, redoubts, and fortified cassines, whence the al- lies bad successively to expel the enemy. The loss of the French exceeded 1800 men, and the al- lies nearly as many : 6 GOO pri- soners were secured; and 110 pieces of heavy artillery and 50 field-pieces were the trophies of this victory. 1708. Siege of Lisle. — Whilst the siege of Lisle was vigorously carried on, the Dukes of Vendome, Burgundy, and Berwick, made se- veral feigned attacks on the allied force under the Duke of Marl- borough; but, as it appeared evi- dent that their object was to retard the siege, one hundred men from each battalion were employed in casting up an intrenchment in front of their army, which would secure the allies from any sudden surprise and the besiegers from interruption. The confederates, finding it impracticable to bring on a general battle, determined to storm the counterscarp of Lisle, and on the morning of 7th Sept. 800 grenadiers, supported by 800 fusiliers, and 230 workmen, were formed for the attack of the right, between the lower Deule and the gate of St. Andrew, under the orders of the Sieur des Roques; and 1600 grenadiers, 1600 fusi- liers, and 230 workmen, for the attack of the left, between the river and the gate of St. Magdalen, •under the Sieur du Mey. The assailants moved forward to the attack covered by a heavy fire from the batteries of the confe- derates; and, despite an obstinate defence and the springing of three mines, combined with a murderous fire from their out- works, by which no less then 1000 men were killed and wounded, the besiegers lodged themselves in the covered way. 1807. Surrender of Copen- hagen. — After a bombardment of three days, Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, surrendered to Gen. Lord Cathcart and Adm. Gambier, together with eighteen September 8. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 263 sail of the line, fifteen frigates, six brigs, and twenty-five gun-boats, and an immense quantity of naval stores. September 8. 1755 . Attack of Crown Point. — Col. Johnson, a provin- cial officer, with a force entirely composed of colonial troops, had proceeded to the end of Lake George, on his route to attack Crown Point, when fortunately learning that the French were ad- vancing in great force, he in- trenched his army in a strong po- sition and prepared to receive them. Baron Deiskaw, consider- ing that, if Col. Johnson succeed- ed in reducing Crown Point, the whole frontier of the French set- tlements on that side would be exposed, resolved to cross the lake and attack him on his march. After defeating an advanced corps under Col. Williams, the baron attacked the troops in their in- trenchments ; but was so well re- ceived, that, after a struggle of some hours, the French were com- pelled to retire with considerable loss, and Baron Deiskaw, being severely wounded, was taken pri- soner. This repulse was of the greatest consequence to New York ; and His Majesty was so well pleased with Col. Johnson’s conduct that he created him a baronet of Great Britain. 1760. Reduction of Mont- real. — The army under Lieut.- Gen. Amherst, after sustaining the loss of 84 men in passing the Rapids, encamped at the isle of Perot on 5th September. On the 6th it proceeded in four columns down the river in boats, and landed at La Chine, on the island of Montreal. The enemy, after breaking down a bridge, retired without offering further opposi- tion. Gen. Amherst pushed for- ward and invested Montreal, and in course of the day got up two 12-pounders, five 6-pounders, and five 3-pounders of light artillery, At this period the division under Brigadier Murray of 3800, and that under Lieut. Haviland of 3250 men, after accomplishing the reduction of several of the ene- my’s positions, were within dis- tance of ready communication, capable of forming a junction, and might co-operate in com- pleting the ultimate object of the expedition. On the morning of the 7th, two French officers arrived to propose terms of capi- tulation; and, after some negotia- tion, Montreal was surrendered on the 8th September, when the French garrison, amounting to 4000 men, laid down their arms. 1781. Defeat of General Greene. — The army under Col Stewart, in order to meet the con- voy with provisions, of which it stood much in need, retired by slow marches to the Eutaws in South Carolina. Having ascer- tained that an American army of 4000 men, under General Greene, were advancing, on the 8th September Col. Stewart, with very inferior numbers, determined to fight them, and immediately formed the line of battle, with the right of his force to the Eutaw branch, and the left crossing the road to Roache’s plantation, leav- ing a corps to cover the Charles town road. About 9 o’clock the action commenced on the right, and soon became general. The right wing, composed of the flank battalion under Major Majori- banks, drove the enemy, and, at- tacking them in flank, they gave way in all quarters, leaving behind them two brass 6 -pounders and upwards of 200 killed on the field of battle; and among 60 prisoners 264 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 9. taken, was CoL Washington. The glory of the day would have been more complete, but from the total want of cavalry. The loss of the British amounted to 84 killed, 351 w*ounded, and 257 missing. September 9. 1513. Battle of Flodden. — James IV. of Scotland having invaded England as the ally of the French king Louis XII., and committed cruel devastation, the Earl of Surrey, with 20,000 men, marched to oppose him. The armies encamped near Flodden, in Northumberland ; and on the 9 th September the action began about noon, and lasted until night. The English, being superior in number, •had almost surrounded the Scots ; but the latter, formed in a close body, resolutely de- termined that the English should pay dear for their victory. King James, many nobles, and ten thousand Scots are said to have perished in this battle, which continued until night parted the combatants. The loss of the En- glish was about half of that number. 1799. Action of Zuyper- Sluys. — The same considerations which induced Abercrombv to de- cline offensive operations, prompt- ed Brune to bring matters to the issue of a battle. As yet he far surpassed the invaders in point of numbers ; whereas the junc- tion of the Russians and the Duke of York’s corps would render him inferior until the sup- plies reached him from the pro- vinces. With this view he ad- vanced at ail early hour on the 9th September, in three columns, of which the left was composed entirely of French, the centre and right of Dutch troops. The first, passing through Groot and Kamp, drove in the British out- posts, and penetrated as far as the height of Houndsboys-duy- nen, on which the right of the English lines appuyed. The se- cond, led on by Gen. Dandaels, attacked the village of St. Mar- tin’s with every demonstration of courage ; while the third, un- der the guidance of Gen. Mon- teau, pushed, by way of Crub- berdam, up to the very banks of the Zuyper-Sluys. Not for one moment, however, was the fate of the battle doubtful : a volley of musketry and grape, thrown in with all the coolness which distinguishes the practice of the British artillery and infantry, staggered each column ere it could deploy ; and all the efforts of the leaders failed, throughout the remainder of the day, to re- store the men to order and con- fidence. The attacks, though fierce and frequent, were thence- forth given without regularity ; and by one o’clock in the day their whole army w r as in full and disorderly retreat. The loss of the enemy was not less than 1500 men, whilst the British did not lose more than 200. A field-piece, some pontoons and tumbrils were left on the field of battle. 1813. Surrender of St. Sebastian. — In our relation of the storm of St. Sebastian on the 30th August, we stated that the French garrison had retreated into the citadel of Monte Or- gullo. On the 3rd of September, the governor still declining to surrender, new breaching bat- teries were commenced, — one for three pieces on the isthmus, and the other for seventeen pieces on the land front of the homwork. The besieged replied but little ; their ammunition was scarce, and the horrible vertical fire of the besiegers subdued their energy. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS (D frO & IFS IL K § SEYMOUR. DUKE OF SOMERSE.T OB. I 748 September 10. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 265 In this manner the action was prolonged until the 8th, when fifty-nine heavy battering pieces opened at once from the island, the isthmus, the hornwork, and the Chofres. In two hours both the Mirador and the Queen’s battery were broken, the fire of the besieged was entirely silenced, whilst the face of the hill on the summit was torn and furrowed in a frightful manner ; a magazine exploded, and the castle, small, and crowded with men, was over- laid with descending shells. Then the governor, proudly bending to his fate, surrendered. On the 9th, this brave man, with his heroic garrison reduced to one- third of their original number, and leaving five hundred wound- ed behind them in the hospital, marched out with the honours of war. The Spanish flag was hoist- ed under a salute cif twenty-one guns, and the siege terminated after sixty - three days’ open trenches, precisely when the tem- pestuous season, now at hand, would have rendered a conti- nuance of the sea blockade im- possible. September 10. 1547. Battle op Mussel- burgh. — Henry VIII. ofEngland, disappointed in effecting an alli- ance of his son Edward with the young Queen of Scotland, the Duke of Somerset, whom Henry had appointed Protector during the minority of the Prince, en- tered Scotland at the head of 15,000 foot and 300 horse. On the other hand, the Scots, to the number of 30,000, with 30 pieces of cannon, believing that the English were advancing to carry off their queen, passed the river Esk and took up a position on a rising ground, while the Protector encamped upon the hill of Pin- kencleugh near the banks of the frith of Forth. The Scots, ima- gining that their opponents were about to embark, precipitately quitted their advantageous posi- tion, and Somerset, seeing them abandon the rising ground, formed his army in order of battle. The enemy, advancing along the shore, were galled from an En- glish galley, whose fire killed the Lord Graham and threw the highlanders into confusion. Per- ceiving their disorder, Lord Gray charged their van, but was re- pulsed ; and had the Scots been furnished with cavalry, the En- glish would, in all probability, have been entirely defeated. At this moment the English infantry, supported by the archers, moved forward, covered by the artillery from a hill on the left, which, with the fire of the galley, made great havoc among the enemy. Their van now falling back, with the object of drawing the English over the slough and broken ground, the highlanders in the second line, supposing that the front was defeated, took to flight, and threw their whole army into confusion. The English cavalry now fell upon the fugi- tives, and meeting but little re- sistance, the carnage was appal- ling, and the whole field was strewed with spears and swords. The loss of the Scotch, at the lowest computation, was above 10,000, and 1500 made prisoners; whilst the English had not more than one hundred slain. This victory is also known as the battle of Pinkey, or Pinken- cleugh. 1709. Reduction of Tournay. — The city of Tournay was in- vested by the allied army under Marlborough and Prince Eugene on 27th July, and the siege pro- 266 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 1 , secuted with, all possible vigour until the 31st August, when the garrison proposed to capitulate. Marlborough, rejecting any terms but unconditional, the hostages were recalled, and about three o’clock in the afternoon hos- tilities recommenced. On the 10th September, at break of day, an officer from the garrison brought word that the place would now surrender on the terms that had been offered them ; — the garrison to retain swords and baggage; to return to France, on condition that they were not to serve again until regularly ex- changed. 1760. Posts at Oullagary carried. — The regiment of high- landers, commanded by Lieut.- Col. Morris, having joined the army, Col. Monson gave orders for the attack of the enemy’s posts at Oullagary church and the redoubts in the Bound Hedge on the 9th September at midnight. The former post was attacked a little before daylight by the Company’s troops, led by Major Smith, and the enemy driven from their works, leaving nine field-pieces in the hands of the assailants. The Major pur- sued the enemy to a redoubt, where they made some stand, but were soon driven thence to the walls of Pondicherry. 1800. Action at Conaghul. — The rebel chief Dhoondia, with 5000 cavalry, having encamped about nine miles in front of Yepalperwy, Col. Wellesley, with the 19th and 25th dragoons and 1st and 2nd regiments of native cavalry, moved towards the ene- my on the 10th September, as they were on their march ; and being strongly posted, their rear and left flank covered by the village and rock of Conaghul, they for some time stood with apparent firmness ; but such was the rapidity and determination ol the charge made by the four re- giments, formed in one line in order to extend along the front of the enemy, that the whole gave way and were pursued by the British several miles. Many were killed, and among the slain Doo- handia Wang. The whole body dispersed, and were scattered in small portions over the face of the country, whilst the enemy’s baggage, with elephants and ca- mels, fell into the hands of the victors. September 11. 1708. Siege of Lisle. — The confederates having made them- selves masters of the counterscarp of Lisle, endeavoured to com- plete their works with all possible energy. In the night between the 9th and 10th of September the enemy made a sortie, but were repulsed with considerable loss. On the 11th, the Imperialists re- lieved the trenches, and Prince Eugene being informed that the French were advanced within sight of the intrenchments, his highness marched with fifteen battalions and the cavalry to rein- force the Duke of Marlborough. His Grace, on learning that the enemy’s skirmishers were within a short distance of the confede- rate camp, detached Lieut.-Gen. Wood, with the regiment of Sir Richard Temple, and another En- glish battalion, and they were speedily repulsed as far as En- nerlin, where a force was posted in a castle surrounded with a ditch. The two English batta- lions endeavoured to dislodge this post ; but the grenadiers and pickets of six brigades arriving to the enemy’s support, the English were compelled to retire after a September 11 . CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 267 very stout resistance, retreating in perfect order, with the loss of several officers, and 200 killed and wounded. 1709. Battle of Malpla- qtjet. — The confederate army, amounting to above 100,000 men, commanded by Marlborough, had encamped with its right near Sart and Bleron, and its left on the edge of the wood of Lagniere, the head- quarters being at Bla- regnies. A reinforcement of the troops from Tournay joined early on the morning cf the 11th of September, so that the armies on both sides amounted to about 120,000 men. At eight o’clock the attack on the French com- manded by Marshal Villars com- menced, under a heavy cannonade by the allies. Prince Eugene, with 86 battalions, entered by the wood of Sart, and 22 battalions under Count Lotum attacked the enemy so vigorously, that, after an hour’s resistance, they were driven from their intrenchments. In the meantime, 36 Dutch batta- lions on the right, under the Prince of Orange, drove the French from their intrenchments in the wood of La Merte, after a desperate struggle. Both flanks being now defeated, and the Duke of Marlborough observing the enemy drawing off their can- non, forced their intrenchments on the plain, between the woods of Sart and Jansart. The ca- valry then advanced, led by Marlborough, Eugene, and the Prince of Hesse, and compelled the enemy to retreat towards Bavay. This sanguinary battle, which was attended with a loss of nearly 18,000 men to the allies, and not less than that amount on the part of the French, was productive of no other ad- vantage than the siege and sur- render of Mons. Sixteen pieces of artillery and 40 standards, with many prisoners, were the only trophies of this dearly-pur- chased victory. 1777. Battle of Brandy- wine. — The American army of 15,000 men under Washington, posted on the commanding ground above Birmingham Church, with their left on Brandy- wine Creek, near Newcastle, in Pennsylvania, on 1 1th September was attacked by the British army, under Lord Cornwallis, formed in two lines, with a brigade in reserve. The guards and grena- diers advanced from the right, under a heavy fire of cannon and musketry, and pushed on with such impetuosity, that the rebels gave way, and were pursued into the woods upwards of two miles. The enemy’s right took up a second position near Dilworth, but were again routed. Their loss was 300 killed, 600 wounded, and 400 made prisoners ; on the part of the British, 80 killed and 400 wounded. 1793. Surrender of Ques- noy. — The allied army under Gen. Clairfait invested La Ques- noy in the latter part of July, and the siege was pushed with such vigour that, at midnight on 10th September, the enemy ceased firing, and on the morning of the 11th the garrison capitulated, the troops surrendering as prisoners of war. On the 13th the troops marched out with the honours of war. 1803. Victory of Delhi Louis Bourquin, the French offi- cer who succeeded M. Perron, having assembled a powerful Mahratta force within six miles of Delhi, and concealing his guns in the high grass, completely took the English by surprise. Gen. Lake, in order to draw the enemy from their strong position, 268 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 12, retired his cavalry; and, they mis- taking it for a retreat, rushed after them in the full assurance of success. But the horse having retired in good order, on reach- ing the head of the advancing column, opened from the centre as the battalions steadily ad- vanced under a tremendous dis- charge from the Mahratta guns. Arriving within 100 yards, they fired a volley, and then, rushing forward with the bayonet, routed the enemy with great slaughter. The consequence of this victory was the immediate possession of the imperial city of Delhi. 1842. Capture of Cabul. — Major- Gen. Pollock was opposed on 11th September at Tezeen by 16,000 men, under Akbar Khan, who disputed to the last the Huf- Kotul, but the determined cou- rage of the British forced the enemy to disperse, leaving behind them several guns and standards. On the 1 6th the victorious army entered Cabul, and the British colours were planted on the Bala Hissar, under a royal salute from the horse artillery. September 12. 1708. Siege of Lisle. — About nine in the morning, the besieged came out of the town in great numbers, with four stands of colours, and attacked the trenches on the left, in six dif- ferent places, having at the same time another body of troops in the covered-way ready to sustain them. Before the army could do any damage beyond overturning a few gabions, they were assailed by the nearest battalions, and compelled to retire in great dis- order, having several officers and sixty men killed; whilst the con- federates had fourteen killed and thirty wounded. 1814. Battle of Baltimore. The British army commanded by Major-Gen. Ross effected a land- ing, on 12th September, on the left bank of the Petapsco river, distant about thirteen miles from the city of Baltimore, with" the object of attacking that place, The whole force immediately moved forward, and on arriving at the enemy’s advanced post, about three miles from the place of disembarkation, where they had formed a line of intrenchment, the American dragoons retired without firing a shot. The ma- jor-general, accompanied by Rear- Adm. Cockburn, being with the advance, were attacked about ten o’clock by a division of the ene- my’s riflemen, with cavalry and artillery, numbering about 350 men. A short skirmish ensued, and the enemy fell back, most of them taking to the woods. At this moment the gallant Ross, in proceeding towards the main body to order up the light com panies, received a mortal wound by a musket-ball passing through the right arm into his breast, and the expiring general lay on the road unnoticed until the arrival of the light division, which had moved up on hearing the firing. Within five miles of Baltimore, a corps of 4500 men, with 8000 more in reserve, supported by numerous batteries, was drawn up in close order, and protected by a strong palisade. The com- mand having devolved upon Lieut. -Col. Brooke, he made dis- positions for an immediate at- tack. The light brigade, consist- ing of the 85th regiment and light companies of the army, co- vered the whole front. The 4th regiment gained a position on the enemy’s left ; whilst the 44th, with the marines of the fleet under Major Robyns, and a brigade of September 13. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 269 seamen, formed in line along the enemy’s front ; and the 21st re- giment with 2nd battalion of marines and detachments of that corps under Major Lewis, re- mained in columns on the road, to act on the enemy’s left. As the British moved forward, the Americans opened a fire of mus- ketry from their whole line, as well as from six field-pieces, but in less than fifteen minutes they re- tired into a wood in their rear, whence they were expelled, chiefly by the bayonet, leaving their wounded and two pieces of can- non, with many prisoners, in the hands of the British. In this short but decisive affair, the enemy lost from 500 to 600 killed and wound- ed ; and on the partof the British — Army, 39 killed, 251 wounded Navy, 7 „ 44 „ Total, 46 „ 295 „ September 13. 1759. Battle of Quebec. — About an hour before daylight on 13th September, the army com- manded by Major-Gen. Wolfe, after making a feint higher up the river, effected a landing to the eastward of Sillery, a league above Cape Diamond, and about two miles to the westward of Quebec. As the day broke, the French army under Montcalm, amounting to 10,000 men, formed in order of battle on the plains of Abraham, and Wolfe immediately made a disposition of his troops. Next to the Louisbourg grenadiers, he placed successively the 35th, 28th, 43rd, 47th, 78th, and 58th re- giments, under Brigadiers Monck- ton and Murray. The second line was composed of the 15th regiment and two battalions of royal Americans, under Brigadier Townshend ; and while the re- serve was composed of 48th re- giment, the left of the army was covered by the light infantry under Col. Howe. Opposed to this force of 5000 men, without ar- tillery, Montcalm formed his army into three columns, and advanced with a cloud of skir- mishers in front ; but these were compelled to fall back by the in- trepidity of the light infantry, and a light six-pounder, which the sailors dragged up about 8 o’clock. The enemy came on with great determination soon after ten, with the intention to gain the left flank ; but this design was effectually frustrated by Brigadier Townshend advancing the 15th regiment, and placing it en potence. The French opened their fire as soon as they arrived within mus- ket-shot, but the British reserving theirs, until within thirty yards of their opponents, repeated it so quickly, that the enemy gave way at all points, closely pursued by their victorious antagonists. It was at this moment that Wolfe *, at the head of the Louisbourg grenadiers, received his third and fatal wound. Colonel Carleton, quartermaster-general, was dan- gerously wounded in the head ; and shortly afterwards, Brigadier Monckton, at the head of the 47th regiment, was shot through the body. Part of the French stood for a while ; but the charge of 28th and 47th regiments threw them into entire disorder. Then the highlanders, supported by the 58th regiment, took to their broad -swords, driving a portion of the fugitives into the town, and * Carried a little way to the rear, and laid down, hearing an officer near him exclaim, “ See how they run,” the dying hero asked, with some emo- tion, “ Who run ? ” The officer replied, “The French, —they, give way every- where ! ” “ Then God be praised,” said Wolfe, “ I die happy.” 270 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 14. part to their works at the bridge over the river St. Charles ; nor did they retire, until fired upon by the cannon on the ramparts. The loss of the British was only 57 killed and 607 wounded ; whilst the French lost 1500 in killed, wounded, and prisoners. Gen. Montcalm, as well as the se- cond and third in command, De Senezergue and Baron de St. Ours, were mortally wounded and carried off the field. 1762. Attack of St. John’s. — The French having possessed themselves of St. John’s, New- foundland, two battalions under Col. Amherst were detached from Halifax, and landed in Torbay, about three leagues to the north- ward of St. John’s, on the 13th September. After a march of four miles through a thick wood, they attacked the enemy, and after a slight resistance, com- pelled them to retreat. The troops then took post to the left of the inlet of Kitty-Vitty. Be- ing annoyed by the enemy’s fire from a neighbouring hill, the light infantry under Captain M‘Kenzie, supported by the gre- nadiers of the Boyal, and 77th re- giments, attacked this strong posi- tion of the enemy, and drove them from the hill. In this attack Captain M‘Kenzie was mortally wounded. September 1£. 1402. Battle near Holme- son Hill— Archibald, Earl of Douglas, made an irruption into the English marches at the head cf 13,000 men, and, having ra- vaged the country for some time without opposition, was on his return to Scotland, but found himself intercepted by a strong body of English troops com- manded by the Earl of Northum- berland, his son Henry Hotspur, the Earl of Dunbar, and the Lord Greystoke. The Scots were drawn up on the declivity of Holmedon hill, near Wallowoveiv and in this exposed position suf- fered severely from the English archers. Douglas, perceiving their advantage, advanced his men-at-arms ; but the English, retiring, still kept up a discharge of arrows, until that body of Scots became fatigued with the weight of their armour ; and the rest of their army, left exposed to the English archery, could no longer stand the shock, and fied with great precipitation. In this battle, which was fought on Holy-rood day, 7000 Scots were left dead upon the field, and a great number perished in the Tweed. The Earl of Douglas, who lost an eye in the engage- ment, was taken prisoner, together with the Earls of Fife, Murray, and Angus, Lords Montgomery and Erskine, and fourscore knights of distinction. 1543. Surrender of Bou- logne. — The Emperor Charles entered into a league with Henry VIII. against France, that each party should march 40,000 men, which were to unite in the neighbourhood of Paris. Had this design been executed, that city, and all the country as far as the Loire, would have been en- dangered; for the French army did not amount to more than 40,000 men. But, instead of pursuing their original plan of operations, their forces were em- ployed in tedious sieges. Charles sat down before St. Didier, and Henry before Boulogne, on the 26th of July, 1544. Although the siege of that place was pushed with all imaginable vigour, the garrison did not surrender until | the 14th of September. The September 14. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 271 Dauphin made some ineffectual attempts to retake the place ; and Henry from this period began to distrust his ally: but both had infringed the treaty. Charles con- cluded a separate compact ; and Henry returned to England, ex- pecting that the French would invade in their turn. By the treaty made at Outreau, 24th of March, 1550, Boulogne was sold to the French monarch for 4000 crowns of gold. 1711. Bouchain surren- ders. — On the 12th of Septem- ber, about noon, the besieged, seeing that the breaches made in the upper town were of sufficient extent, and that all things were preparing for a ge- neral assault, beat the chamade, and, hostages being exchanged, terms of capitulation were pro- posed ; but Marlborough refusing to accede to any other stipulation than an unconditional surrender, the hostages returned to the town. The governor still holding out, the batteries renewed their fire with such increased fury that the besieged hung out a white flag. On the 14th, new hostages were exchanged, the governor proposing that the garrison should surrender as prisoners of war, to be conducted to France, and be regularly exchanged. This being likewise refused, and the cannon- ade resumed with vigour, the garrison, now reduced to half their original number, surren- dered on the conditions proposed by the Duke of Marlborough, and, on the following day, marched out with the honours of war. 1751. Successful Sortie from Arcot. — Clive, finding himself invested in Arcot by a powerful and increasing force, and anxious for the safe arrival of two 18-pounders, resolved to attack the besiegers. On the night of the 14th of September he made a successful sortie, the enemy being defeated with con- siderable loss ; and the convoy entered the fort in triumph. 1854. Expedition to the Crimea. — In the early part of August, the allied English, French, and Turkish army, com- manded by Marshal St. Arnaud and Lord Raglan, amounting to nearly 100,000 men, had en- camped near Varna. It being de- termined that an attack should be made upon Sebastopol, nume- rous men-of-war and transports began to assemble, and by the 27th seventeen sail of the line were at anchor in the bay. The embarkation of the troops had now commenced ; and on the 31st the last division was on board. On the morning of the 5th of September, the British got under way shortly after day- light, and joined the vast assem- blage at Baltschik Bay. Early on the 7th the signal was made to weigh ; and before seven o’clock the whole fleet proceeded towards its destination, the di- visions, formed in long lines, moving through the smooth water with all the precision of the movements of a battalion. On the 9th the expedition anchored near the island of Fidonisi, at the entrance of the Danube, where, being joined by the French and Turkish ships, there was to be seen the magnificent spectacle of four hundred sail conveying sixty thousand troops. The coast of the Crimea having been recon- noitred on the 10th and 11th, it was arranged to disembark the troops in the bays of Katcha and Alma, between Eupatoria and Old Fort; and on the 13th the fleet was again in motion, assisted by the powerful steamers, ex- tending along several miles of 272 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 15. coast. No enemy appearing to oppose the landing, the debarka- tion of the army commenced on the morning of the 14th ; and before dark the whole had landed in admirable order, — the French in the bay below Old Eort, the English in the next bay, nearer to Eupatoria. September 15. 1762. Defeat of the Enemy near St. John’s. — The French being strongly posted on the sum- mit of two hills, on the road to St. John’s, it was necessary to dis- possess them, before siege could be laid to the fort. Early on the morning of the 15th September, Capt. M’Donnel, with his light infantry, took the enemy by sur- prise; and, although three com- panies of grenadiers and two pickets, with a mortar and a six- pounder, were posted in this strong position, the enemy were driven at the point of the bayonet with such vigour, that they preci- pitately retreated, after sustaining considerable loss ; and a captain, with thirteen men, were made pri- soners. 1776. Capture of New York. — When the Americans abandon- ed their lines at Brooklyne, and retreated from Long Island, Gen. Howe moved the King’s army from Bedford, leaving two bri- gades of Hessians, under Major. - Gen. De Heister, at Brooklyne, and one brigade of British at Bedford. Five other positions were taken up by the remainder of the force, and batteries erected against those of the enemy com- manding the passage at Hellgate. On the morning of the 15th Sep- tember, the first division of the army, under Lieut.-Gen. Clinton, consisting of the light infantry, the reserve, the Hessian grenadiers, and chasseurs, embarked on board the flat-boats, and proceeded down the creek to Keep’s Bay, where, under cover of the frigates, they made good their landing. The Hessians being in the advance, defeated a body of rebels as they were retiring from Stuvessant’s Cove. The whole army then ad- vanced, and compelled the enemy to fall back to their main body on Morris’s Heights, where General Washington had taken post with about 18,000 men ; besides which, they had at least 4000 in .New York, under Gen, Putnam,' who, being aware of the danger he ran of having his retreat cut off, withdrew from the city with all possible expedition as the day closed, and joined Wash- ington before daybreak on the ensuing morning. As soon as it was known that the enemy had abandoned New York, Major- Gen. Robertson, with a brigade of infantry, was detached to take possession of the place. During the night of the 15th, the royal army had its right at Horen’s Hook and its left at the North River, near to Bloomingdale. The position of the rebel army embraced both sides of Kings- bridge, defended by strong and extensive works; and they held a redoubt on the Jersey side of North River. 1793. Action near Menin. — On the morning of 15th Septem- ber, a French army, amounting to thirteen thousand men, attacked the advanced post on the left of Gen. Beaulieu’s army, posted at Bisseghem, with much spirit ; but reinforcements quickly arriving up, they desisted from further at- tack. The French then en- deavoured to dislodge the Aus- trians from their position behind the Landerberg; but here they were again repulsed and com- September 16. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 273 polled to give way by the fire of the Austrian artillery upon their left flank. Gen. Beaulieu, avail- ing himself of this advantage, resolutely charged the enemy in front, and entirely routed them. They retreated towards Menin, followed by the allied army, whose advanced guard was frequently and successfully engaged, even to the gates of the town. At four in the afternoon, Gen. Beaulieu, having brought up his whole force and assaulted the gate of Rouflaer, the French totally abandoned the place, and passed the Lys with precipitation, followed by Gen. Ehrbach’s corps and two English squadrons, who joined the Aus- trian hussars in the pursuit of the French towards Roncq. In this action the allies lost about 100 men killed and wounded. The loss of the French was about 400 ; and above 200 prisoners, with two pieces of cannon, were taken. September 16. 1191. Richard I. of England, after reducing Acre, projected the siege of Ascalon ; but Saladin having placed his army, amounting to 100,000, men under cover of the city, Richard on the 16th of September gave him battle. The right of the king’s army was com- manded by James of Avesnes; the left, composed of French troops, under the Duke of Bur- gundy; whilst the centre was di- rected by the king in person; and the whole force did not exceed 40,000 men. The right wing com- menced the battle with great in- trepidity, but they were repulsed by the vast superiority of the Turks, with the loss of their gal- lant commander. The French also made a vigorous attack, but having advanced in pursuit of the enemy, they became surrounded by the troops of the Sultan, until Richard hastened to their relief and compelled the Turks to re- tire. By this time the right had rallied, and now t6ok part with the left wing, under the Duke of Burgundy, in completing the overthrow of the infidels. Richard obtained a complete victory, with the loss of 4000 men ; whilst the enemy are said to have lost 40,000. The king took possession of the city, and improved the fortifications. 1773. Reduction of Tan jore. — Colonel Clive, in command of a force for the reduction of Tanjore, invested that place, and on the 20th of August approaches were made to within 500 yards of the wall of the city. On the 24 th the enemy made a determined sortie, but were driven back with great loss ; on which occasion the grenadiers of the first Madras re- giment particularly distinguished themselves. On the 16th of Sep- tember, at 1 i\ m., the troops ad- vanced to the assault; and though 20,000 men were in the fort, fully prepared for its defence, yet the place was taken by surprise, and the rajah and his suite were among the prisoners. 1776. Defeat near the North River. — The British troops un- der Lieut.- Gen. Howe took up a position on the 1 5th of September near the north river, in front of the rebel army, amounting to 20,000 men, commanded by Washington. On the morning of the 16th, the 2nd and 3rd bat- talions of light infantry, supported by the royal highlanders, attacked a large detachment of the enemy which had approached the ad- vanced posts, and drove them back to their intrenchments. Washington immediately marched a corps of three thousand men to their support; on which General Howe moved up the reserve, with T 274 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 18 two field-pieces, a battalion of Hes- sian grenadiers, and a company of chasseurs ; but the light infantry and highlanders, with the aid of the chasseurs and field- pieces, had gallantly repulsed the enemy with considerable loss, and com- pelled them to retire within their intrenchments. On this occasion the Americans are reported to hare lost a colonel and three hun- dred men, killed and wounded; whilst the king’s army had four- teen men killed and 78 wounded. 1795. Reduction of Cape op Good Hope. — The troops and brigade of seamen and marines, amounting to about 1900 men, under Lieut.- General A. Clarke, which gained the heights of Muysenburg on the 7 th of Au- gust, marched from that post on the 14th of September, and having formed into two lines, supported by field- pieces, they advanced to attack the enemy ; but as the Dutch retired, after experiencing some loss, the British halted for the night. At daylight on the 15th, an officer arrived with a flag, and proposals of capitulation from Governor Sluysken ; and on the 16th, the terms being ratified, the colony surrendered to His Britannic Majesty, the troops in garrison being prisoners of war. September 17. 1762. Recovery of New- foundland. —In the Calendar of the 15th September we related the successful operations of the forces under Col. Amherst for the recovery of the colony of New- foundland. The enemy having abandoned the post on the hill commanding the entrance of the harbour of St. John’s, it was taken possession of, and the fort invested. During the thick fog that prevailed while Col. Amherst was taking measures for reducing the place, Commodore de Ternay availing himself of the oppor- tunity, slipped his cables and stole out of the port with hk squadron, consisting of Robuste. 74, Eveille, 64, Garonne, 44, Licorne, 32, and a bomb. On the 17th, a mortar battery was opened against the fort, and bat- teries were erected for the can- non ; but, on the 18 th, Colonel D’Haussonville having proposed terms of capitulation, which were ratified, the garrison, amounting to 683 persons, surrendered as pri- soners of war, to be conveyed to France as soon as transports could be conveniently procured. 1791. R AY3IAUGHUR SURREN- DERS. — The hill-forts on the north-east of Bangalore inter- rupting the communication with the Nizam’s army, a corps was immediately formed to reduce them. The fourth battalion of Madras infantry, Gowdie’s bri- gade, and Capt. Reid’s detach- ment of native infantry, consist- ing of two battalions, likewise attached to Major Gowdie’s corps, were appointed for this service. On 14th September the force was encamped within nine miles of Raymaughur, and on the 16th that place was invested. On the 17th the batteries opened with great effect, and in a short time the fort surrendered at discretion. September 13. 1415. Siege of Harfleur. — Henry V. having succeeded his father in 1413, and a war break- ing out with France, he as- sembled an army of 6000 men- at-arms, with 24,000 archers, farming altogether 50,000 men. This force he embarked at South- ampton, and the whole fleet, con- sisting of not less than 1 500 sail, conveyed them safely to the September Id, CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 275 coast of Normandy, where they landed without opposition, al- though the constable of France had a very large force in the neighbourhood. The first enter- prise of importance undertaken was the siege of Harfleur, which was strongly fortified and pro- vided with a numerous garrison, under the command of Comte Estouteville. Henry prosecuted the siege with such vigour that the town was breached in several places ; and the besieged, finding it impracticable to maintain their ground, capitulated on the 18th September, on condition of sur- rendering, if not relieved by the Sunday after Michaelmas. A body of French troops, which attempted to succour the place, being repulsed, and the term prescribed in the capitulation having expired, the garrison sur- rendered, and Henry took pos- session of Harfleur. 1702. Siege of Venloo. — The investment of Venloo being completed, 32 battalions and 36 squadrons were detached for the siege, under the Prince Naussau Saarbruck, and on 7th September the attacks commenced on both sides the Meuse under the direc- tion of Cohorn. On the 13th, Marlborough took up a new po- sition, with his right at Satendal and his left at Lonaken. The breaches being rapidly pushed forward, the first attack was di- rected, on the 18th, against fort St. Michael, which was connected by a bridge of boats across the Meuse, and formed its principal defence. The party for the as- sault consisted mostly of English troops, under Lord Cutts ; whilst Lord Lome, Sir Richard Temple, and other distinguished volun- teers assisted in carrying the 'avelin sword in hand. Elated by heir success, the victorious as- sailants forced their way over a bridge connecting the ravelin with the interior works, and car- ried the fort itself by storm, mak- ing 200 prisoners. 1759. Surrender of Quebec. —Brigadier-General Townshend, having succeeded to the com- mand of the army after the death of the lamented Wolfe on the 13th September, took immediate measures of following up the advantage that had been so glori- ously obtained. He encamped the army in a defensive position, and erected redoubts, whence a con- stant cannonade was kept up against the town. The ground having been well reconnoitred, the engineers commenced erecting batteries, on which cannon and mortars were speedily mounted. But before the completion of these operations, Gen. De Ramzay, on the 17th, offered to surrender the town ; and on the 18th the terms of. capitulation being settled, Brigadier- General Murray, at the head of three companies of gre- nadiers and a detachment of artil- lery with a field-piece, marched in, and took possession of the upper town, where the British colours were hoisted. At the same time, Capt. Palliser and a detachment of seamen took pos- session of the lower town. The garrison, amounting to 6000 men, marched out with the honours of war, and were embarked for France. September 19 . 1356. Battle of Poitiers. In 1355, Edward III. went over to F ranee, and having ravaged the Boulonnois and Artois, re- turned to England, which was at that time threatened with an in- vasion from Scotland. Prince Edward having refreshed the troops after a severe campaign, T 2 276 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 1* began his march from Bordeaux on 6th July, 1356, at the head of 2000 men-at-arms, 6000 archers, and 4000 infantry. After ravag- ing several provinces, and taking 6000 men prisoners, he encamped on Saturday, 17th September, between Beauvoir and Mauper- tuis, within two leagues of Poi- tiers. The French king coming up with an army of 60,000 men, resolved on attacking the En- glish the next morning ; but in consequence of the intercession of Cardinal Perigort, to prevent hos- tilities, the Prince of Wales ex- pressed himself disposed to ac- cept terms consistent with the honour of his country ; and of- fered to restore all the places and prisoners he had taken, and ab- stain for seven years from carry- ing arms against France, if al- lowed to return unmolested to Bordeaux. But John insisting on the surrender of Edward and 100 knights, and in that case the army might retire to Bordeaux, the Prince declared that he would never be taken but in the field, and made dispositions accordingly. On the morning of the 19th, the French appeared in order of battle ; the right commanded by the Duke of Orleans, the left under the Dauphin, whilst the king in person commanded the reserve. Edward drew up his handful of troops in three divisions, formed in close order, with his flanks protected by a mountain on one side and a morass on the other. About nine o’clock, the elite men- at-arms entered the lane leading to the English position, but they were so galled by the archers, that many had fallen before the party reached the main body, where they were cut to pieces by Lord Audley. The force under Marshals Clermont and Andre- ham, harassed in their advance by the bowmen, on reaching the van, were valiantly opposed by the Earl of Warwick ; whilst Salisbury and Suffolk, moving up from the rear, completed their confusion. Both marshals being among the slain, the enemy be- came disconcerted, fell into dis- order, and then fled with preci- pitation. The Prince of Wales now advanced at the head of his men-at-arms and attacked the division commanded by king John. The battle was maintained with great vigour, until Gauchet deBrienne, Constable of France, was killed. His brigade then gave way, and victory declared in favour of the English. King John, finding himself deserted by all his followers, surrendered, and was conducted to the victorious Prince of Wales. The captive monarch, with other distinguished prisoners, were conveyed to Lon- don by Prince Edward in May, 1357 ; when the king was enter- tained in the most sumptuous manner, and provided with an apartment in the royal palace until the Savoy could be fitted for his reception. 1812. Siege of Bukgos. — The castle of Burgos and its works enclosed a rugged hill, between which and the river the city was situated. An old wall, with a new parapet constructed by the French, offered the first line of defence ; the second line, which was within the other, was of the nature of a field retrench- ment, and well palisaded. The third was of similar construction, and contained the two most ele- vated points of the hill ; and on the highest was a heavy case- mated work, called the Napoleon battery. Within three hundred yards on the north side of the city was a second height called St. Michael, scarcely less elevated September 20. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 277 than that of the fortress, and was defended by a large hornwork and counterscarp. Nine heavy guns, eleven field-pieces, and six mortars were mounted on the works; and the garrison consisted of 1900 men, under Gen. Dubre- ton. On the 19th September, the first division of the British army having effected the passage of the Arlanzan, Major S. Cocks, sup- ported byPack’sPortuguese, drove in the French outposts on the hill of St. Michael ; and during the night, reinforced by the 42nd regiment, assaulted the horn- work. The storming columns against the front were repulsed with loss, but the gallant leader of the 79th succeeded in forcing an entrance by the gorge. The garrison was thus actually cut off ; but Major Cocks not being closely supported, the French, still 500 strong, broke through his men and escaped. The British lost about 400 men, while the loss of the enemy was less than 150. September 20. 1417. Caen Taken. —T he town of Caen in Normandy having been besieged by the En- glish under Henry V., was taken by assault on 20th September ; and it continued in the hands of the English nearly thirty years. 1643. Battle op Newbury. — After the fruitless expedition of King Charles into Gloucester- shire, he returned towards Lon- don, and the Earl of Essex, who commanded the army of the Par- liament, moved in the same di- rection. Prince Rupert was im- mediately detached to intercept his march, and harass him until the king in person should arrive up with the infantry. This service was performed with much expe- dition ; and before the enemy had reached Newbury, their rear was so effectually attacked, that they halted at Hungerford on 16th of September. On the following day the monarch occupied New- bury with his infantry ; while Essex, after passing the night in the open field, made preparations to give him battle upon Bigs-hill, within a mile of the town. After some skirmishing on the morning of the 20th, on the part of the royal army, the horse charged with such vigour, that they rout- ed those of their opponents, but as they could make no impres- sion on the foot, their cavalry ral- lied behind them, as they were put into confusion. The London trained-bands, in particular, op- posed themselves like a rampart, against the efforts of the royal- ists, and managed their pikes with such dexterity, that Prince Rupert could make no impression upon them with his choice squa- drons. The battle was fought with equal obstinacy on both sides, and night parted the com- batants, before either could claim the victory. On the following morning the Earl of Essex pur- sued his march towards Reading, which he entered with his cannon and baggage, after having been severely handled by Prince Ru- pert. Though the number of the slain was not excessive, Charles had to mourn the loss of several nobles of distinction, and among that number Lord Viscount Falkland, secretary of state. 1810 . Third Invasion of Por- tugal. — In order to prevent Mas- sena gaining the main road from Oporto to Coimbra, Gen. Spencer, with the first division, moved upon Milheada, and Trant was directed to join him by a march through San Pedro de Sulto Sardas. Meanwhile, Leith ar- 278 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 20 rived on the Alva, and General Hill was only one day’s march behind ; for, on learning that the French boats on the Tagus had had been destroyed, he directed his artillery by Thomar, and, put- ting his troops in motion, reached Espisnal on 20th September, where he was joined by General Lecor, who with great judgment had brought the Portuguese bri- gade by long marches from Fundao. Thus, the two corps of the allied army were united on the same day that the main body of the enemy entered Viseu; and the bridges having been destroyed by Gen. Pack, the project of surprising Coimbra was baffled. Massena had not failed to expe- rience other evil consequences from adopting that line of march, and had been obliged to repair the road from day to day for his ar- tillery, which was still twenty miles from Viseu on the 19th. Col. Trant, aware of this, formed the hardy project of destroying it ; and quitting Moimenta de Beira in the night, with a squa- dron of cavalry, two thousand militia, and five guns, on the 20th surprised a patrol of ten men, from whom he learnt that the convoy was at hand, and that Montbrun’s cavalry was close in the rear. The defiles were, how- ever, narrow, and Trant, charging the head of the escort, took a hun- dred prisoners and some baggage. The convoy then fell back, fol- lowed by the militia ; but the enemy having rallied and re- pulsed the Portuguese cavalry, disorder prevailed. Trant, seeing that nothing more could be ef- fected, returned to Moimenta de Beira, and thence marched to Lamego with his prisoners. The French, ignorant of the number and quantity of their assailants, fell back, and did not finally , reach Viseu until the 23rd ; by which circumstance Massena lost two most important days. 1854. Battle of the Alma. — The allied English, French, and Turkish forces, under the command of Marshal St. Arnaud and Lord Raglan, amounting to about 50,000 men, which quitted Varna on the 7th September, effected a landing in the bay of Eupatoria, in the Crimea, on the 14th and 15th, and remained encamped near the place of debarkation until the morning of the 19th. Long before daybreak, the whole camp was in motion, pre- paratory to an advance upon Se- bastopol; but it was not until 9 o’clock that the army commenced its march. Having bivouacked for the night on the left bank of the Bulganac, early on the morn- ing of the 20th the army resumed its march towards the Alma, on the banks of which river the Rus- sians were intrenched in great strength. Their formidable posi- tion crossed the great road about three miles from the sea, and the bold and precipitous range of heights, at an elevation of 350 to 400 feet, formed their left. Turn- ing thence, round a wide valley terminating at a salient pinnacle, their right rested, and whence the : descent to the plain was more gra- dual. This was the key of the ene- my’s position, and consequently strongly defended; and the whole front was about two miles in ex- tent. Half way down the height was a trench extending some hun- dred yards, affording cover against an advance up the steep slope of the hill; whilst on the right a powerful covered battery flanked the whole of the right of the po- sition; and artillery was posted at the best points commanding the passage of the river. More- over, dense masses of infantry were September 20. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 279 placed on the slopes, while the heights above were crowned by the great reserve, and the whole Force amounted to nearly 40,000 men. It was arranged that the French should assault the enemy’s left by crossing the river at its junction with the sea and immediately above it, their remaining divisions moving up the heights in their front; whilst the English army bore upon the right and centre of the enemy’s position. As the army advanced, 7000 Turkish in- fantry, under Suleiman Pasha, moved along the sea-side; next to them came the French divi- sions of Gens. Bosquet, Canrobert, Forey, and Prince Napoleon, whilst their right was covered by the fleet, which moved in a pa- rallel course, and in magnificent order. The British advanced in contiguous double columns, with the front of two divisions, co- vered by light infantry and a troop of horse artillery, — the 2nd division under Lieut.- General Sir de Lacy Evans forming the right, and touching the 3rd divi- sion of the French under Prince Napoleon, whilst the light division under Lieut. -Gen. Sir George Brown formed the left : — the former being supported by the 3rd division under Lieut.-Gen. Sir Richard England, and the latter by the 1st division, commanded by H. R. H. the Duke of Cam- bridge. The 4th division, under Lieut.-Gen. Sir George Cathcart, and the cavalry, under Major- Gen. the Earl of Lucan, were held in reserve, to protect the left flank and rear against the numerous cavalry of the enemy. The ships of war coasting along as the troops advanced, opened an effec* tive fire on the Russians, at about half-past 12 o’clock; and shortly afterwards, the French columns were seen struggling up the acclivity, covered by a cloud of skirmishers. The moment Lord Raglan could satisfy himself of the development of the French attack, he directed the whole line to advance. As the British, neared the enemy, whose fire had become very destructive, the two leading divisions deployed into line, and advanced to attack the front, whilst the supporting co- lumns followed the movement. No sooner had this taken place, than the village of Bouliouk, im- mediately opposite the centre, was fired by the enemy at all points, rendering a passage through it impossible. Two regiments of Adams’s brigade, forming part of Gen. Evans’s division, had in con- sequence to pass the river at a difficult ford to the right, under a sharp fire; whilst the first bri- gade, under Major-Gen. Penne- father, and the remaining regi- ments of Adams’s brigade, crossed to the left of the conflagration. Meanwhile, the light division, under Sir George Brown, effected the passage of the Alma in their immediate front, despite the seri- ous obstacles that obstructed their progress, which rendered every species of formation, under a gall- ing fire, nearly impossible. Ne- vertheless, that gallant officer overcame all opposition; and the 1st brigade, under Major-General Codrington, aided by the judi- cious co-operation of Brigadier- Gen. Buller and the advance of four companies of the rifle brigade under Major Norcott, succeeded in carrying a redoubt. But the heavy fire of grape and musketry to which the troops were exposed, and the severe losses sustained by the 7th, 23rd, and 33rd regiments, compelled this brigade partially to relinquish the advantage they had gained. The brigade of guards under the Duke of Cam- 280 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 21. bridge having by this time crossed the river, and moved up in support, a brilliant advance under Major-Gen. Bentinck drove the enemv, and secured posses- sion of the work. The highland brigade, under Major-General Sir Colin Campbell, co-operating with the guards, advanced in ad- mirable order and steadiness up the high ground to the left; whilst Major-General Pennefather’s bri- gade, which had been connected with the light division, forced the enemy to abandon the position they had taken such pains to de- fend and secure. The 95th re- giment, immediately on the right of the fusilier brigade, suffered equallv with that corps an im- mense loss. The light and the 2nd division crowned the heights as the Russians withdrew from the scene of action about 3 o’clock, co- vered by their cavalry, leaving three generals, two guns, and 800 wounded prisoners on the field of battle. Thus terminated the san- guinary, but glorious battle of the Alma, which has established the decided superiority of the allied armies over the best troops which Russia can oppose to them. And although not for the first time that the soldiers of England and France have fought side by side, and mingled the banners of the two nations in one trophy, yet the event is both welcome and memorable, as it affords to Eu- rope the surest pledge of the union of the two countries. The loss of the British amounted to 26 officers, 317 rank and file, killed; 73 officers, 1539 rank and file, wounded, and 18 missing; mak- ing a total of 1955 killed, wound- ed, and missing : the loss of the French in killed and wounded, not exceeding 1700, produces a grand total on the part of the allies of 3655 hors de combat. The brunt of the action having been sustained by the 1st, 2nd, and light divi- sions, their loss was as follows : — Killed. Wounded. o o £ <% . ^ o « *"■ Officers. Itank & tile. 1st division 2 45 16 376 2nd „ 9 60 25 452 Light „ 12 206 29 742 Total oH the three > 23 311 70 1570 divisions J September 21. 1753. Action of the Golden Rock. — Major Lawrence, having determined to attack the enemy in their strong intrenchments,-— extending 500 yards from the Sugar-loaf Rock towards the rock on their left, — the better to mask his intentions, he marched, on the 20th of September, out into the plain, and cannonaded their camp, with an 18 -pounder. Early on the morning of the 21st, he formed his column of attack. The 12th Madras regiment, 600 strong, was in three divisions; the sepoys fol- lowed in the rear to the right and left of the divisions; the Nabob and Monagre, with their cavalry, brought up the rear, and the artillery were divided on each flank of the Madras regiment. The leading division being or- dered to carry the Golden Rock, approached within a few yards before they were perceived. The enemy were so much surprised that they even forgot to fire their two pieces of cannon, and the in- fantry fired their muskets at ran- dom. The rock was carried in an instant, its defenders flying with precipitation towards the French camp : little time was spent in dis- September 22. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 281 mounting the guns and securing the post. The leading division then attacked the enemy’s camp, which they entered by the un- finished works on its left. The enemy had by this time drawn up to receive them, and as the day dawned the British advanced to where the French troops were formed in line, having on their left a large body of sepoys. Both these corps were speedily driven back ; and the English sepoys having pushed on outside the in- trenched works to the right of the French regiment, carried the Sugar-loaf hill in gallant style. In the meantime the Madras re- giment having formed in line, at- tacked the French battalion with such vigour, that after a short resistance they fled in great dis- order, having sustained a loss of 100 men killed, and 100 wounded and prisoners. The enemy were defeated at all points, and aban- doned their camp, leaving eleven pieces of artillery, with ammuni- tion and baggage. 1777. Defeat of the Rebels. ■ — Sir William Howe being ap- prised that the American Gen. Wayne, with 1500 men and 4 pieces of cannon, was about three miles distant, in the woods in rear of the British army, detached Major- Gen. Gray, late at night on the 20th of September, with the light infantry, the 42nd and 44th regiments ; and, to prevent alarm, their muskets were not loaded. Driving in the outposts of the enemy, the British gained the left of their position in Brandy- wine creek about one o’clock on the 21st, and, rushing in with the bayonet, killed and wounded not less than 300 men, and made above seventy prisoners. The re- mainder fled in great disorder, and owed their safety to the darkness of the night. The loss of the British was one captain and three men killed, and four men wounded. 1 7 93. Siege of Toulon. — On the 20th of September a detach- ment of 350 Spaniards under Col. Eschavuru, and 150 British troops commanded by Captain Brereton, having embarked at Toulon dur- ing the night, landed at two o’clock on the morning of the 21st at Fort Balaguier. The detachment im- mediately marched to the heights De Grasse, consisting of a ridge divided at the top by three dis- tinct knolls, covered with wood, and terminating with a rapid de- scent at the western extremity, which commanded a complete view of the whole extent of the enemy’s position to the westward of Toulon. It was then deter- mined to take post on the lowest and easternmost knoll, which was about 500 yards from the landing- place. At about five o’clock in the afternoon, 700 of the enemy advanced along the upper knolls of the Hauteur de Grasse, and having driven in the pickets, com- menced an attack under cover of the woods, forming themselves in three lines, upon a steep ascent in front of the post. The firing continued for about an hour, when the enemy were repulsed with a loss of twelve killed and twenty- four wounded; and on the part of the allies, of 2 killed and 10 wounded. September 22. 1781. Capture of Fort Pa- loor. — The army under Sir Eyre Coote fell back on the 29 th Au- gust, for provisions, to Tripassore, where, with the utmost difficulty, supplies were brought from Ma- dras. On the 21st September, the army moved towards Tritany ; and on the following day, the small 282 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 23, fort of Paloor was taken from the enemy, and, what was of the greatest consequence, sufficient grain for two days 5 consumption was found in it. 1790. Capture of Paulghaut- cherry. — After the reduction of Dindigul, Col. Stewart was ordered against Paulghautcherry, which, from the siege it withstood in 1783, was considered a p4ace of great strength. Reinforce- ments, particularly of artillery, were ordered to join him on the 21st September, under the super- intendence of Lieut.-CoL More- house, Madras artillery. Two batteries within 400 yards were opened, and in less than two hours the fire of the fort was silenced, and before night, a practicable breach effected. A broad and deep ditch had to be crossed: nevertheless, a place of arms in the covered-way was seized, and before daylight on the 22nd, the enemy signified that they would surrender on terms, which were soon agreed upon ; and shortly after sunrise, the place was taken possession of, and found to mount sixty pieces of cannon. September 23. 1702. Surrender of Venloo. — Fort St. Michael having been gallantly carried by Lord Cutts, as related in our Calendar of 18th September, the attack against the town of Venloo was prosecuted with additional vigour and effect. Batteries were raised in the cap- tured fort, and on the 23rd a tremendous fire was opened upon the defences of the place. Before midday, an accessible breach being effected, the garri- son became discouraged, and the burghers clamoured for a sur- render. At this moment the news of the reduction of Landau hav- ing reached the camp, the salute fired on the occasion being con- sidered by the besieged as the sig- nal of assault, flags of truce were hoisted on the wadis ; and before the close of day, a capitulation was arranged. The garrison, quitting the breach with the honours of war, were conducted to Antwerp. 1705. Reduction of Barce- lona. — The Earl of Peter- borough having landed 2500 men, exclusive of the marines and the 600 Dutch, he strongly invested Barcelona on 3rd September. The trenches were opened on the 9th, and batteries raised for 50 guns and 20 mortars; and the bomb- vessels threw 412 shells into the town in one day. On the 23rd the Viceroy desired to capitulate. On the 28th the terms were signed, and the bastion of St. Angelo was taken possession of by the British troops. 1708. Siege of Lisle. — Dur- ing the confinement of Prince Eugene, in consequence of the wound he received in the ssault of the counterscarp, on the 20th September, Marlborough super- intended the siege with the ut- most vigilance, riding daily from the head-quarters to the ap- proaches, and not returning until the evening. On the 23rd, in particular, he was in the trenches, when a grand attack was made on the tenaillon on the left, and part of the counterscarp. He is- sued the necessary orders, ani- mated the troops by his presence, witnessed their successful lodg- ment in the covert-way, and did not retire till they were masters of the whole of the tenaillon. 1803. Battle of Assaye. — The Mahratta chief Scindiah and the -Rajah of Berar on the 29th August entered the Nizam’s ter- September 24. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 283 ritory by the Adj unlee pass, with an immense army of cavalry, with the intention of ravaging the coun- try and marching upon Hyder- abad ; but Major-Gen. Wellesley placed his force between them and that city. About the middle of September, Scindiah, reinforced by sixteen battalions of infantry, under French officers, and a large train of artillery, together with the troops of the rajah, had as- sembled on the banks of the Kaitna, and on the 23rd this army amounted to upwards of 50,000 men, with a hundred pieces of artillery. Early on that day, Scindiah and the rajah moved off their myriads of horse, and the infantry were about to follow; when Wellesley, sending a mes- sage to Col. Stevenson, then about eight miles off with the Nizam’s auxiliary force, to join him with all expedition, moved forward with the 19th light dragoons and three regiments of native cavalry, followed by his infantry, consisting of only two British and five sepoy battalions, — .his whole strength not exceeding 4500 men. After an advance of four miles, the whole Mahratta army was seen encamped on the north side of the Kaitna ; their right, consist- ing of cavalry, extended to Bo- kerdon, and their loft, composed of infantry and artillery, with 90 guns, lay near the village of As- saye. In order to attack the left and rear of the infantry, Wellesley, leaving the Mysore and irregular cavalry to watch the Mahratta horse, crossed the river, and, under a sharp fire of artillery from the enemy, drew up his little army in three lines, the cavalry forming the third. The enemy made a corresponding change in his line, the infantry now resting its right upon the river, and its left upon Assay e and the Juah stream, which flowed parallel with the Kaitna. Finding his artillery could not be brought up, the general or- dered the infantry to move forward with the bayonet, and their steady advance so overawed the Mah- rattas that their infantry gave way and abandoned all their formid- able artillery. The cavalry, con- sisting of the 19th light dragoons and 4th Madras horse, then dash- ing forward with loud shouts, to which the infantry responded, — the very wounded cheering as they passed, — drove the enemy at all points, and every attempt of the enemy to form beyond the Juah was defeated by those gal- lant horsemen ; and the battle was completely decided. This splendid victory was not obtained without suffering severe loss, — the British having twenty-two officers and 386 rank and file killed ; 57 offi- cers and 1526 rank and file wound- ed. Excluding the irregular ca- valry, which remained on the other side of the river, and had not been engaged, the total killed and wounded amounted to one- third of the British force. September 24. 1751. Sortie from Arcot. — Chunda Saib, having detached 4000 men from Trichinopoly un- der his son Rajah Saib, and being reinforced by 150 French troops from Pondicherry, assailed Arcot on 23rd September, and,, in conjunction with the army already assembled there, pro- ceeded to tighten the chain of investment. But the rajah soon found that he had no com- mon adversary to deal with. At daybreak on the 24th, Clive di- rected a sortie to be made in two columns, with a view rather to impress the besiegers with the | conviction of their own inferiority 2S4 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 25 as soldiers, than for the purpose of driving them from a large open town. Then leading one of the columns, the enterprise was conducted with so much gal- lantry that the rajah was struck with amazement. However, it cost the garrison dearly : up- wards of thirty Europeans fell in the conflict, while not a single gun, though several were at one moment in their possession, was carried off by the daring as- sailants. 1752. Sortie from Fort St. David’s. — The Regent of Trichi- nopoly, on hearing of the victory of Bahoor, sent to Pondicherry for a French reinforcement ; and, although professing to be the ally of, and at peace with the English, continued to seize and carry into his camp ail supplies entering the city. Capt. Dalton having received instructions from Madras to treat him as an enemy, marched out of fort St. David’s on 23rd Sep- tember, with a large detachment of Europeans and sepoys. Cross- ing the river, they entered the enemy’s camp, bayoneted the sentries and advanced pickets, whom they found asleep, and, continuing their advance in double files from the centre, pene- trated well in among the tents unperceived, and then commenced a fire on both flanks from front to rear. Nothing was heard on all sides but the cries of the wounded, the noise of the af- frighted animals that had broken loose, and parties firing upon one another in mistake. A few blue lights being burnt, only served to show the enemy more distinctly, and the firing was continued until every opponent outside the pagoda had disap- peared. The enemy, who lined its walls, then commenced firing, and in a short time 20 men were killed and wounded. The sepoys having effectually secured a number of horses and baggage, the troops leisurely retired towards the city before the break of day. 1803. Reduction of Alighur. — Gen. Lake, having been in- vested with the same powers in Hindostan which Gen. Wellesley possessed in the Deccan, ad- vanced from Cawnpore against Scindiah’s northern armies, which were commanded by M. Perron, a French officer of some ability and unquestionable valour. The first operation of the campaign was the storming of Alighur on 24th September, a post which might easily have been made im- pregnable. September 25. 1597. Surrender of Amiens. — The city of Amiens, having been surprised and taken from the French, by the Spaniards on 10th March, Biron, with 20,000 men, was sent against it, and England being at that time in league with France, 4000 British troops formed part of the attacking force. Whilst the Archduke endeavoured to re- lieve the place, the enemy made several sorties ; and on the 19th September, the governor, having fallen in a gallant attempt to raise the siege, the garrison capi- tulated, on condition that, if the Archduke did not relieve the city by the 25th, it should be delivered to the French King. The place was accordingly surrendered on that day, after a siege of fifteen weeks. 1707. Siege of Mons. — On the 25th September, the trenches were opened at 9 o’clock in the evening, and two attacks in pre- paration against the gates of Bertamont and Havre. This opera- tion was interrupted by a sally of September 26. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 285 the garrison, on which occasion Gen. Cadogan was dangerously wounded. Meanwhile, reinforce- ments were drawn from the neighbouring garrisons, and ■ the siege vigorously prosecuted, not- withstanding the marshy nature of the ground, deluged by succes- sive days of heavy rain. 1811. Combat op El Bodon. — On 24th September, 6C0 ca- valry, with four divisions of in- fantry, crossed the hills to the north-east of Ciudad Rodrigo. On the 25th, fourteen squadrons of the Imperial Guards drove the outposts of the left wing from Carpio across the Azava, followed by some lancers ; but these were soon driven back by two squa- drons of the 14th and 16th light dragoons, who reoccupied the post at Carpio. During this skirmish fourteen battalions of infantry, thirty squadrons of cavalry, and twelve guns, under Montbrun, having passed the Agueda by the bridge of Rodrigo, marched to- wards Guinaldo, and, driving in the British, commenced the action. The position of the 3rd division was completely turned by this movement. Wellington therefore ordered up a brigade of the 4th division from Guinaldo ; but, in the meantime, drew up the 75th and 5th British and 21st Portu- guese regiments, with two bri- gades of artillery, on the hill over which the road to Guinaldo passed, supporting their flanks with Alten’s three squadrons. Montbrun’s horsemen, spite of the artillery and musketry, charged up the height; but they were checked by the daring spirit of the cavalry, who maintained their position until the general, bring- ing up his artillery and his horsemen, gaining ground in the centre, captured the guns. But Major Ridge, leading the 5th re- ' giment, retook the artillery, which again opened its fire; and nearly at the same time, the 77th, sup- ported by the 21st Portuguese, repulsed the enemy on the left. Montbrun still pressed onwards with fresh masses against the left of the allies, while other squa- drons penetrated between the right flank and the village of El Bodon. The position being no longer tenable, Wellington di- rected both Picton and Colville to fall back and unite in the plains below; but whilst this movement was performing, the British as well as the Portuguese having retired, the 5th and 77th, formed into one square, were quite exposed ; and in an instant the French cavalry came thundering down upon them, but all their efforts were in vain. Picton now effected his junction, and the whole retired over the plain to the position at Guinaldo, about six miles distant. The French, although reluctant to renew the close attack, followed, and plied the troops with shot and shell until about 4 o’clock in the evening, when the intrenched camp was gained. September 26. 1767. Battle of Trinomal- lee. — Col. Smith being rein- forced by Col. Wood on the 8th of September, the united corps, consisting of 1400 Europeans, 1000 Nabob’s cavalry, and 9000 sepoys, with thirty-four field- pieces, moved on the 9th to the southward to procure provisions, leaving the sick and the military stores at Trinomallee This place was attacked by the enemy on the 15th, just as the army return- ed to its relief. Several thou- sands of Hyder’s cavalry, drawn up to cover the removal of his 286 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 27. battering train, were driven with considerable loss; and his army encamped about six miles off, where they strongly intrenched themselves. On the 25th Sep- tember, Col. Smith moved out his whole force, and encamped out of gunshot, on the left wing of the enemy, who were intrenched; and in a chain of redoubts, along it, numerous guns were mounted. The flanks were secured in the same manner, and further pro- tected by an impassable morass, extending along the whole front of the position. About noon on the 26th, the enemy marched out in force, and cannonaded the British left with sixteen guns. Smith instantly moved to his left to at- tack them; but finding himself im- peded by the morass, passed off rapidly from his right, with the intention of rounding a hill in front. Hyder seeing the British moving off so suddenly towards the rear, concluded they were in retreat towards Arcot, and the Nizam’s and Hvder’s forces were accordingly in motion towards the hill. The nature of the ground entirely concealed the movements of the rival armies. The British pushed on rapidly to turn the hill and fall upon Hy- der’s corps, before it could retire within its intrenchments. The advanced guards of both, round- ing the base of the hill at the same time, suddenly came in con- tact ; and the enemy were re- pulsed in their endeavour to gain the hill by the leading native regiment commanded by Capt. Cooke, who seized that position. Some rocks on the plain at a little distance, on the left, form- ing a point of considerable strength, were occupied by the enemy; who were however dis- lodged from them, after a gallant resistance, by three battalions of sepoys, under Capts. Cooke, Cos- by, and Baillie, supported by a strong detachment of the first Madras European infantry. The rest of the army arriving up, formed in line, its right rest- ing on the hill and its left on the rocks whence the enemy had just been driven. They were now formed on some heights at a short distance parallel to the British ; their cavalry divided on each flank, forming a crescent which enveloped both wings of their opponents. Thirty guns were in position, but seventy were com- ing up. The thirty field-pieces, moving along in front of the British line, kept up a steady and destructive fire, and, after driving the enemyfrom one strong position to another, covered the field with flying masses of cavalry. Hyder’s guns were, however, drawn off, covered by the infantry, but nine of Nizam AH’s were cap- tured. The British remained on the field of battle, and occupied the ground whence the enemy had been driven. 1777. Phil adelphia taken. — The British army under Gen. Howe marched on the 25th of September from their encamp- ment, near the Schuylkill river, to Germantown, about six miles from Philadelphia, and there en- camped. On the morning of the 26th, Lord Cornwallis, with the British grenadiers and two bat- talions of Hessians, took posses- sion of that city. September 27. 1781. Hyder defeated. — About noon, the British army, consisting of 11,500 men, under Sir Eyre Coote, arrived in front of Hyder, with 60,000 men, who was encamped in a strong posi- tion at the pass of Sholingur. September 27. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 287 The 2nd brigade, flank companies of the 73rd, all the cavalry, and 22 pieces of artillery moved for- ward to gain the enemy’s flank. The rest of the line advanced steadily, and were received by a heavy but ill-directed fire from 70 pieces of artillery. The entire cavalry of the enemy made a furious charge on two parts of the line, but were driven back after sustaining a heavy loss. The pursuit was continued until dark, and it was not until mid- night that the English army re- assembled on the field of battle. Their loss was no more than 100 men killed and wounded ; whilst that of Hyder’s army exceeded 5000. 1810. Battle of Busaco.— Before daybreak on 27th Sep- tember, the Erenc.h, under Mas- sena, were formed in five columns of attack ; three under Ney, op- posite to the convent of Busaco, situated on a high ridge, and two under Revnier, at St. An- tonia de Cantava, — these points being about three miles asunder. The allies resisted vigorously, and six guns played along the ascent with grape ; but in less than half an hour the French were close upon the summit, having scaled the mountain with astonishing swiftness and resolu- tion, overthrowing everything that opposed their progress. The right of the third division was forced back ; the 8th Portuguese regiment was broken to pieces, and the hostile masses gained the highest part of the crest just between the 3rd and the 5th di- visions. The leading battalions immediately established them- selves amongst the crowning rocks, and a confused mass wheeled to the right, intending to sweep the summit of the sierra ; but at that moment Wel- lington caused two guns to open with grape upon their flank, and the 45th and 88th regiments, after pouring in some volleys of musketry, charged so furiously that the enemy were driven back, and both parties, mingling to- gether, went down the moun- tain’s side, — the dead and dying strewing the way even to the bottom of the valley. Mean- while the French, who had first gained the summit, re-formed their ranks, with the right resting upon a precipice overhanging the reverse side of the sierra ; and thus the position was in fact gained, if any reserve had been at hand. Being partly concealed by the mist, which capped the summit, the enemy was only seen by Gen. Leith, who had put his first brigade in motion to his own left, as soon as he perceived the impression made on the 3rd di- vision. In the meantime Colonel Cameron formed the 9th regi- ment into line, and, without re- turning a shot, ran in upon and drove the grenadiers, pouring upon them a destructive fire. The victory was now secure. Hill’s corps edged in towards the scene of action, the second bri- gade of Leith joined the first ; and a fresh mass of troops were thus concentrated, while Reynier had neither reserves nor guns to restore the fight. Ney’s attack had no better success. The as- cent was steep, and Crawfurd, placing the 43rd and 52nd regi- ments in line, with guns in front, and behind them a brigade of German infantry, had planted the whole face of the hill with the rifle corps and the two ca 9 adore Portuguese battalions. But Si- mon’s brigade of Loison’s division moved up the ascent in spite of every exertion, until overturned by the vigorous charge of the 288 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. September 28 - two British regiments ; both their flanks were lapped over by the English wings, and three terrible discharges at five yards’ distance completed their deroute. The enemy made some dispositions to renew the attack ; but these being met with ready opposition, no- thing further took place ; and be- fore two o’clock, Crawfurd hav- ing assented to a momentary truce, both parties were mixed amicably together, searching for the wounded men. In this des- perate conflict the French sus- tained a loss of 4500 men, killed and wounded, while that of the allies did not exceed 1300. September 28. 1705. Reduction of Barce- lona. — The Earl of Peterborough, with 5000 troops, in a fleet under Sir Cloudesly Shovel, arrived at Lisbon from Portsmouth on the 20th of June, and, uniting with the squadrons of Admiral Leake and the Dutch Admiral Allemonde, the combined force, amounting to forty-eight sail of the line, sailed from Altea bay on the 28th of July, to make a descent on Bar- celona, in support of the claims of Charles of Austria to the Spa- nish throne. The expedition hav- ing been reinforced at Gibraltar by three regiments, the army landed in the bay of Barcelona on the 22nd of August. 2500 marines were also landed, and the siege continued until the 23rd of September, when the viceroy desired to capitulate; and on the 28th the place surrendered. In the course of a few days King Charles made a triumphal entry into the city. 1708. Battle of Wynend ale. — A convoy having left Ostend on the 27th of September to pro- ceed to Lisle, Major- Gen. Webb desired 1 600 infantry to strengthen the corps posted at Oldenburgh. Meanwhile, the horse under Gen. Cadogan, had reached Hoghlede; and Count Lotum, with 150 dra- goons, was sent forward to join the escort. Approaching Ichle- ghem, he discovered several French squadrons, and returned to Tourout with information of their approach. Upon this, Gem Webb moved forward wdth the infantry, while Count Lotum with his small party of cavalry formed, the advanced guard, and on reaching Wynendale the enemy was seen in the opening of the plain. The quarter-mas- ters and grenadiers were instantly formed, and posted in the coppice, while Gen. Webb, with 150 horse, advanced to reconnoitre. As the infantry arrived, they were posted in order of battle, in the opening between the wood of Wynendale and the coppice. Scarcely had six battalions formed, before the enemy commenced a heavy can- nonade. The troops were posted in two lines; the left wing extend- ing beyond the coppice, to prevent the enemy turning their left flank, and the right resting on the wood and castle of Wynendale. The regiments which escorted the con- voy formed a third line, as they arrived; and besides two regi- ments in ambuscade, some light troops were thrown into the cop- pice on the left. Count De la Motte, hastened to intercept the convoy in the defile of Wynen- dale, but finding himself antici- pated by the allies, whom he dis- covered at five o’clock in the afternoon, he opened a cannon- ade, which lasted two hours. In the interval, he formed his troops in several lines, the cavalry being in the rear, and then advanced in full confidence to overwhelm a force which did not amount to September 29. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 289 one-half his own. As they ap- proached, they were received by such a fire from the troops in ambuscade in the wood, that the left wing fell back upon the centre ; and a volley from the opposite cover threw their whole line into confusion. The enemy, however, still advanced, and broke two battalions ; but rein- forcements arriving up, they were repulsed. They made a third attempt, but the fire in front and flank again compelling their wings to fall back on the centre, the enemy retired in great dis- order. Neither the threats nor the example of their officers could induce them to return to the charge ; and after some distant and ineffectual firing, they relin- quished the contest. The loss of the allies was 912 men killed and wounded. That of the enemy above 6000. 1760. Defence of Arianco- pang. — The enemy having aban- doned the fort of Ariancopang on the 27th of September, a small detachment of the first Madras European regiment, under com- mand of Ensign Cosby, together with some native troops, were placed in possession. On the morning of the 28th, four hun- dred men of the battalion of Lor- raine, with two field-pieces, ad- vanced from the glacis of Pondi- cherry to recover the fort; but their various attempts were re- pulsed with a loss of many men killed, and twenty-one wounded. Ensign Cosby retained the com- mand of this important post dur- ing the remainder of the siege. September 29. 1364. Battle of Aurat. — Charles de Blois and Jean de Montfort were competitors for the Duchy of Bretagne. The for- mer, in order to gain the favour of the King of France, opposed the Navarrois in Normandy, and defeated them at Cocheret. But De Montfort being joined by John de Chandos, constable of Guienne, with some English men-at-arms and archers, pushed on to Auray, a sea-port town in Britany, 16 miles SW. of Port Louis, and invested it. De Blois having ap- plied to the king for assistance to relieve that place, the monarch or- dered the famous Bertrand de Guesclin, with the counts Auxerre and Joigny, to join him. The united forces advanced towards Auray, and on 29th September drew up their army in the plain opposite to the enemy. Lord Chandos having the disposition of De Montfort’s army, posted Sir Robert Knowles opposite' the right wing under De Guesclin; Olivier de Clisson opposite the left, under the Count of Auxerre; while he himself, with the Count de Mont- fort, commanded the main body; and Sir Hugh deCalverly directed the reserve. Charles de Blois at- tacked with such impetuosity that De Montfort’s main body gave way ; but Calverly, advancing from the rear, kept Charles in play till the centre rallied. Mean- while, D’Auxerre being wounded in the eye and taken prisoner, his men were discouraged and fell back. Olivier de Clisson im- mediately charged with redou- bled vigour, and soon routed them with great slaughter. Calverly, seeing that the main body of the enemy was without support, ad- vanced through a field of broom, and attacked it in flank with such fury, that it was soon broken, and they dispersed, after the Count de Blois had been run through the mouth, and left dead on the spot. De Guesclin still kept his ground and fought desperately u 290 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 30. until severely wounded, when he was compelled to yield himself a prisoner to the Lord Chandos, who thus obtained a complete victory; and on the following day Auray surrendered. The noblesse of Britany, who had espoused the claim of Charles, now came over to De Montfort ; and the King of France proposing peace, the dispute was amicably settled. 1710. Reduction of St. Ve- nant St. Venant and Aire, on the river LyS, were so situated as to admit of a simultaneous invest- ment. Having reconnoitred the army of Villars, the confederate generals, after a march of three days, took post to cover the in- tended operation: the right, under Prince Eugene, stretching to the Lvs, near Terouenne, and the left, under Marlborough, to Lilliers on the Lave; and both places were invested on the 6th. The attack of St. Venant, was con- ducted by the Prince of Orange, with 20 battalions and 5 squa- drons ; that of Aire by the Prince of Anhalt, with 40 battalions and 40 squadrons. The small town of St. Venant, garrisoned by 2700 men, was protected by ram- parts of earth, which nearly form- ed a regular hexagon ; but it was rendered difficult of approach, by marshes and inundations. Aire, a place of greater strength, having regular bastions, half- moons, and hornworks, and ditches inundated by the river Lys, was garrisoned by 14 bat- talions and 3 regiments of dra- goons; and further protected by the fort of St. Francis. While the two generals were anxiously looking for the arrival of the convoy with supplies, they learnt that it had fallen into the hands of the enemy: nevertheless St. Venant was in a few days reduced to extremity, and surrendered on the 29th of September ; but Aire- held out until 10th November. September 30. 1710. Annapolis Royal. — Acadia, or Nova Scotia, situated j on the western side of the river St. Lawrence, was first peopled by the French, in 1614; but these j were compelled to depart by j order of the Governor of Virginia, ] In 1621, Sir William Alexander obtained a grant of some lands j in the colony from J ames I. ; and j from him it obtained the name of j Nova Scotia. In 1623, Charles I. ceded Acadia to France ; but in 1627 it was taken from the French by Sir David Kirk. In 1 632 it was again ceded to j France by the treaty of St. Ger- main, but retaken in 1654 by j Oliver Cromwell ; yet King j Charles II. ceded it once more to a France, by the treaty of Breda, in 1662. The inhabitants of New England, taking advantage of j the war with France, sent Sir j William Phipps, with 700 men, I to dislodge the French from Port j Royal, which having surrendered, J he took possession, in the name j of King William and Queen Mary, j on the 13th of May, 1690. In j 1697 the colony was again ceded 1 to France by the treaty of Rys- | wick ; but during the war in J Queen Anne’s reign, the French j disturbed the British settlers to j that extent that it was thought ] advisable to dispossess them of ] their settlements in the colony; 1 and for that purpose a squadron, 1 under Captain Martin, with 2000 1 troops commanded by Colonel I Nicholson, arrived off Port Royal j on the 24th of September, 1710. j On the following morning Cols, j Vetch and Reading, with fifty j men each, went on shore to as- certain where a landing might be i October 2» CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 291 effected. Soon afterwards Col. Nicholson, with the remainder of the troops, disembarked ; and on the 26th the cannon and ammu- nition reached the shore in safety. The bomb-vessels having thrown shells into the town with effect, the enemy were soon induced to capitulate. On the 30th of Sep- tember, the governor, M. Suber- case, submitted terms of capitu- lation, which being agreed upon, the garrison marched out with the honours of war ; and our troops, taking possession, hoisted the British colours* In honour of Her Majesty, the name of the town was changed from Port Royal to Annapolis Royal. 1793. Siege of Toulon. — In the night of 30th September, a very important post above fort Pharon, occupied by the enemy with 1900 men, was surprised by a column of British and Pied- montese troops under the direc- tion of Lord Mulgrave, and gal- lantly led by Lieut. Graham. The enemy were attacked with such determination, that most of those who escaped the musketry and the bayonet broke their necks in tumbling headlong over the pre- cipices, in their flight from the issailants. October 1. 1719. Vigo reduced. — On the 21st of September, a squa- dron under Vice-Adm. Mighells, conveying 6000 troops com- manded by Viscount Cobham, sailed from St. Helen’s, and on the 29th entered the port of Vigo. The troops were landed, without opposition, in a bay about three miles from the cita- del. On the 1st of October the army moved nearer to the town, and encamped at a strong post near the village of Boas, with its left to the sea, and its right ex- tending towards the mountains. The menacing position of the Bri- tish created so much alarm, that the Spanish garrison spiked the cannon on the fortifications of the town, and burnt the carriages, with the resolve of retiring intol the citade. Whereupon Lord Cobham summoned the town to surrender, which meeting a ready compliance, Brigadier-Gen. Ho- neywood, with 800 men, took post in the town and the con- tiguous fort of St. Sebastian, which the enemy had also aban- doned. 1746. Battle of Roucoux. — The confederates, finding them- selves unable to raise the siege of Maestricht, resolved to give the enemy battle, and took up a po- sition in the villages of Roucoux, Liers, and Warem. The action commenced about noon, by a heavy cannonade on the part of the French under Marshal Saxe ; and at two o’clock the left of the confederates, under the Prince of Waideck, was assailed with great fury, and, after an obstinate in- sistence, overpowered by numbers, was obliged to give way. The villages occupied by the allies were successively carried ; and the army retreated towards Maes- tricht, with the loss of 5000 men and 30 pieces of cannon. The victory, however, cost the French general a much greater number of lives, and was attended with no solid advantage. Sir John Li- gonier and the Earls of Crauford and Rothes, Brigadier Douglas, and other officers of British troops, distinguished themselves by their gallantry, particularly the Earl of Crauford. 1760. Siege of Pondicherry. — To the north of Pondicherry, and in view of the Madras re- doubt, within the boundary hedge, was a considerable village, built 292 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 2. by the Erench East India Com- pany for storing and bleaching their cloths, and from that cir- cumstance was called La Blan- chiere. As, in the event of this redoubt being taken, the village would afford cover to the enemy, the Erench commenced its demo- lition on the 30th of September. On the same day, however, Col. Coote made a reconnaissance to- wards that quarter, and, having advanced along the north beach, he penetrated through an un- guarded opening, and gained the rear of the intrenchments. Form- ing his detachment into two di- visions, one attacked the Madras redoubt in front, while the other proceeded along the inside of the works, and took all the different posts in reverse ; and on the enemy abandoning the Madras redoubt, it was instantly occupied by British sepoys. During the night, whilst the pioneers were fortifying its gorge, the redoubt was suddenly attacked by 400 of the battalion of India and 600 French sepoys, who drove the British from it. Soobadar Covin Sing, however, quickly rallying his men, gallantly led them to the attack, and gained a footing inside the work. He then kept up so hot and well-directed a fire that the enemy, supposing them- selves attacked by a superior force, began hastily to retire; and a party of Europeans detached from each British regiment, ar- riving up early on the morning of the 1st of October, effectually secured the post. This acqui- sition completed the entire invest- ment of Pondicherry on the land side, to the river Ariancopang on the south-west, between which and the sea-shore to the south, there remained an opening, secured by the redoubt of St. Thomas, situ- ated on a small island on the river, about 500 yards due south of the city fortifications. October 2. 1763. In the Calendar of the 4th of September, we related the particulars of a successful attack on the troops of Cossim Ali Cawn before Auda Nulla. That chief retired with the principal remains of his army to Patna, leaving a garrison of 2000 sepoys at Mongheer, placing 4000 horse and 1000 matchlocks to harass the British ; but on the approach of the latter, they retired to Carrickpore, about eleven coss distant, in the hills. On the 2nd of October, two battalions of sepoys, with two pieces of can- non, drove the enemy from their position without sustaining any loss. 1799. Battle of Bergen. — The allied army, commanded by the Duke of York, amounting to nearly 40,000 men, moved for- ward from their position before daylight on the 2nd of October, to attack the Erench under Gen. Brunc, amounting to 25,000 men, a small portion only of that force being Dutch troops. The ad- vanced guard, composed of the 1st battalion of grenadiers of the line, 1st battalion of light in- fantry, 23rd and 55th regiments, drove the enemy from Campe and from the sand-hills above that village, continuing its march upon the ridge of those hills, but inclining a little to the left. The brigade of Major-General Coote, following, turned to its left at Campe, and, advancing to Groete, cleared the road for the Russian column of Major-General Van Essen, who was joined by the corps of Major-Gen. Sedmortsky On the enemy abandoning Groete. The Erench, now formed in con- October 3. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 293 siderable force from Schorel to Schoreldam, kept up a heavy fire from the artillery posted along their line. The corps of Von Essen proceeded along the road upon Schorel, as Coote’s bri- gade drove the enemy from the sand-hills behind that village ; whilst Col. M‘Donald’s corps had moved considerably to the right in order to connect itself with the right column, and continued warmly engaged. After some delay, about eleven o’clock, the enemy were driven by the Rus- sian troops and Major-General Burrard’s brigade from Schorel to Schoreldam. The brigades of Coote and Chatham, after forcing the enemy from the sand-hills, formed in line, and taking post on the heights, repulsed the at- tempts made to dislodge them. At half- past three o’clock, a general attack was made, and the enemy totally driven from their position. This was the last event that took place on this side of Bergen. The division under Sir Ralph Abercromby, which had been partially engaged during the early part of the day, was op- posed by a considerable force, occupying Egmont-op-Zee. The engagement was most obstinately maintained during several hours, and the enemy repulsed in every attempt on the British position. Late in the evening, their cavalry being defeated by Colonel Lord Paget, they were compelled to fall back nearly to Egmont-op- Zee. The French being entirely defeated, with the loss of seven pieces of cannon, retired during the night from their positions on the Lange dyke, the Koe dyke at Bergen, and upon the exten- sive range of sand-hills extending to Egmont. Their loss amounted to 4000 men killed and wounded ; that of the British to 237 men killed, 1000 wounded, and 206 missing. Among the wounded was Major-Gen. Moore, in two places. October 3. 1777. On 3rd October, Lieut.- Gen. Sir William Howe sent the 23rd regiment to Philadelphia, with orders to proceed the next day to Chester, where they were to be joined by the 10th and 42nd regiments, on their return from Billing’s Point, and to form an escort for a convoy of provi- sions to the army. Gen. Wash- ington, having been reinforced with 1500 men from Peek’s-kill and 1000 from Virginia, and having received intelligence of the reduced state of the force under Sir William Howe, occa- sioned by detachments being sent to Philadelphia, Jersey, and other places, determined to at- tack him in his present position before these corps could have time to rejoin his army. This measure was suddenly adopted, and conducted with great se- crecy, in the hope of surprising the royal army in their camp at Germantown, about sixteen miles from Skippoch creek, behind which the enemy’s army was then encamped. Accordingly, Gen. Washington put his troops in motion at six o’clock in the evening of 3rd October, and pro- ceeded towards Germantown. This village formed for two miles one continued street, which the line of the British encampment crossed at right angles, near a mile from the head of it, where the second battalion of light in- fantry and the 40th regiment were posted as an advanced corps. Lieut.-Gen. Knyphausen, with seven British and three Hessian battalions, and the chasseurs in front, were on the left of the vil- 294 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October a. lage extending to the Schuylkill river; Major-General Grant, with the corps of guards, six line- battalions, and two squadrons of dragoons, were upon the right ; the first battalion of light in- fantry and the Queen’s American rangers being advanced in front of this wing. 1809. Surrender of Zante. — The island of Zante, with the rest of the islands forming the Io- nian Republic, were subject to Ve- nice prior to the French Revolu- tion ; but the whole were ceded to France by the treaty of Campo Formio, Oct. 17th, 1797. They were taken by a Russian and Turkish fleet, and formed into an independent republic, by the name of the Seven Islands, in 1799. In course of the succeed- ing year they fell into different hands, being surrendered to the French by the Russians, together with Ragusa, on 14th August, 1807 ; but on 3rd October, 1809, the Ionian islands submitted to a British army under General Oswald. In the arrangements of the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, they were placed under the protection of Great Britain. The treaty was ratified at Paris for this purpose between Great Britain and Russia, 5th Novemb. 1815, and the new constitution was ratified by the Prince Re- gent 22nd February, 1817. October 4. 1706. Reduction of Ath. — Notwithstanding the advance of the season, Marlborough would not close the long and active campaign without some new and signal enterprise. The various detachments being recalled, the army passed the Scheldt ; and Overkirk, with a competent force, on the 16th September, invested Ath, a small but important place on the Dender. Marlborough in person occupied the position of Leuze, and established his head- quarters at Grametz. The trenches were opened on the 22nd, and the covert-way having been carried on the 29th, the batteries played with decisive effect on the interior defences. The garrison, in consternation, compelled the governor to beat a parley on the 1st October. The terms offered by the assailants being deemed too severe, the attack recommenced ; but the renewal only served to convince the besieged of their hopeless situation. On the 4th they sub- mitted to their fate, and 800 men, the only effective remains of a garrison of 2000, marched out as prisoners of war and pro- ceeded to Berghen-op-Zoon. 1768. Defeat of Hvder. — On 4th October, the army under Col. Wood, having marched to recover the fort of Mulwugul, was attacked by Hyder with very superior numbers. A succession of charges on every part of the British position were steadily re- pulsed, and the day closing on his ineffectual efforts, left the British in the possession of the hard-fought field of battle. Hy- der’s loss exceeded 1000 killed; that of the British 307, and mostly Europeans. 1777. Defeat of the Rebels at Germantown. — At three o’clock on the morning of the 4th October, the patrols of the British army, as described in the preceding column, discovered the approach of the Americans, and the troops were immediately un- der arms. The fog which pre- vailed was very favourable to the enemy ; but although their plan of attack was for a consider- able time concealed, the resist- October 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 295 ance of the royal troops was so vigorous and spirited that before any general measures for repel- ling them could be determined upon, the battle had been de- cided. Soon after daybreak, the second battalion of light infantry and the 40tli regiment, posted at the head of Germantown, were attacked, and, being at length overpowered by numbers, they retired into the village. Lieut.- Col. Musgrave, arriving with six companies of the 40th regiment, threw the detachment into a large storehouse, and, though surrounded by a brigade of the enemy, aided by four pieces of cannon, it was gallantly defended until Major- Gen. Grey, at the head of three battalions of the third brigade, supported on his left by Brigadier- Gen. Agnew with the fourth brigade, by a vigorous attack and with great slaughter, repulsed the corps which had penetrated into the upper part of the town. The 5th and 55th regiments from the right, engaging them at the same time on the other side of the vil- lage, completed their defeat in that quarter. About the time the Americans abandoned the village, Major-General Grant, on the right, moved up the 49 th, with four pieces of cannon, to the left of the 4th regiment; then advancing with the right wing, the enemy’s left gave way, and were pursued several miles through a defensible country. Earl Cornwallis arriving at Germantown from Philadelphia, with three battalions, just as the enemy had been forced out of the village, placed himself at the head of the troops, and followed the Americans eight miles on the Skippoch road ; but the ene- my continued retiring nearly twenty miles by several roads towards Perkyomy creek. Their loss amounted to 200 killed, 1600 wounded, and 400 prisoners ; that of the British, to 100 killed and 400 wounded. 1794. Surrender of Fort Bommel. — The fortress of Pom- mel, near Arnheim, surrendered to the British troops on 4t.h Oc- tober, 1794, in consequence of the severe frost which enabled the enemy to cross the river. October 5. 1762. Action at Villa Veliia. — Col. Burgoyne, on learning that the Spaniards had left six pieces of artillery, a detachment of cavalry, and some pickets of infantry encamped upon two small eminences in the plain of Villa Velha, on the confines of Portugal, determined to surprise the post. Accordingly, on the 5th October, a party was detached under Col. Lee, consisting of 100 cavalry, 100 grenadiers, and 200 royal volunteers. About two o’clock on the 6th, the enemy’s camp, was surprised; and, after burning the magazines and spik- ing four guns, Colonel Lee re- turned with some prisoners and a quantity of valuable baggage. Some hours after daylight, find- ing the enemy had retired to the castle, and all the rest of the mountain abandoned, an officer with thirty men crossed the river to recover a gun, which had been left there after the capture of the castle. The party succeeded in recovering the cannon, and brought it off in sight of 2000 of the enemy, who were marching from the camp of Castel Branco, and had reached the mountain before the boat got over, without being able to intercept it. In this dashing enterprise the Bri- tish sustained no greater loss 296 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 6. than three men killed, and ten wounded, 1777. Expedition against Forts Montgomery and Clin- ton. — No sooner had General Clinton returned to New York, from an expedition up the Jer- seys, than he took measures for giving aid to the army under Lieut.- Gen. Burgoyne, which he supposed to be approaching the Hudson river from Lake George. Embarking upwards of 3000 men, he proceeded to the attack of forts Montgomery and Clinton, situated about sixty miles above New York, on the west side of the Hudson, and separated by a creek, over which there was a bridge of communication. Com- modore Hotham having made the necessary naval arrangements, the flat-boats and bateaux pro- ceeded from New York, on 3rd October, to Spikedevil creek, in three divisions, under the direction of Capt. Pownall. A body of troops, embarked that evening, proceeded to Tarrytown, where they landed at daybreak, and oc- cupied the adjoining heights. A second division of equal force marched at the same time from King’s Bridge; and, moving across the country, formed a junction with the division which had gone by water. The third division, which embarked in transports, sailed from New York on the morning of the 4th, and arrived at Tarrytown on the same day. During the night, all the troops here assembled em- barked and reached Vere Plank’s Point at noon on the 5th. The force immediately landed with- out opposition, the enemy having retired as they approached, with- out firing a shot, and leaving a twelve-pounder behind them. By daybreak on the 6th, all the troops, except about four | hundred, left to secure Vere- Plank-neck, were disembarked on the opposite shore, at Stoney Point, from which they had to march about twelve mile’s, through a mountainous and rugged road, to forts Clinton and Montgo- mery. The men-of-war and transports then moved still higher up, and anchored opposite to Peek’s-kill landing. In the after- noon, the advanced squadron and the two frigates got under sail, and opened a fire upon fort Mont- gomery, to cause a diversion in favour of the attack which had then commenced, as related in the next page. October 6. 1702. Reduction of Rure- mont. — The attack on Ruremont commenced on the 2nd October, by the Prussians on one side of the river, and the English on the other. The batteries opened on the 6th ; the besieged beat a parley on the same afternoon, and on the ensuing day the garrison capitulated, and were conducted to Louvain. 1777. Assault of Forts Montgomery and Clinton. — As soon as the troops were landed on Stoney Point, Lieut.-General Clinton arranged them in the fol- lowing order : — 52nd and 27th regiments, Loyal Americans, New . 1l ork volunteers, and Emmerick’s provincial chasseurs, amounting to 900 men, under Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, forming the advance, marched to occupy the pass at Thunder-hill, and passing by a circuit of seven miles round it, got close to the rear of fort Mont- gomery. The centre division, composed of the grenadiers and light infantry, 26th and 63rd re- giments, a company of the 71st, a troop of dismounted dragoons October 6. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 297 and the Hessian chasseurs, making a total of twelve hundred men, under Major-General Vaughan, moved to cover the corps of Col. Campbell, and then placed itself close in the rear of fort Clinton. The rear division, consisting of the royal fusiliers and Trombach’s Hessian regiment, under Major- Gen. Tryon, to occupy the pass of Thunder-hill, and keep open the communication with the fleet. From the many impediments the first division had to encounter on its march, it was 5 o’clock in the evening before it reached its des- tination. The corps of General Vaughan being in readiness, the attack immediately commenced ; and the enemy being also fully prepared, they made an obstinate resistance ; but nothing could withstand the ardour of the royal troops, and every corps came in for its share of glory. While Colonel Campbell assaulted fort Montgomery on the land side, it was attacked by the galleys on the other. That gallant officer hav- ing fallen, he was succeeded by Lieut.-Col. Robinson, who, emu- lating the example of his chief, persevered in the attack, until he became master of the place. Gen. Vaughan led on his men to the attack of fort Clinton with such determination, that although it was defended by ten pieces of cannon, with an abatis extend- ing nearly four hundred yards, the bravery of his division over- came every difficulty ; and being supported by the corps of Major- General Tryon, by eight o’clock both forts were in possession of the assailants. The Americans sustained a loss of one hundred killed and wounded, and two hundred and fifty made prisoners. On the part of the British 40 were killed, 142 wounded, and 5 missing. 1799. Battle of Limmen. — After the action of the 2nd Oc- tober, the enemy having taken up the position between Bencrwyck and Wyck-op-Zee, it was deter- mined to force him thence, before he had an opportunity of stength- ening, by works, the short and very defensible line he occupied; and to compel him still further to retire, before he could be joined by the reinforcements which were upon their march. Preparatory to a general movement, the ad- vanced posts at Egmont-op-Hoof and at Egmont-op-Zee were pushed forward on the morning of the 6th. At first little opposi- tion was shown, and the allies gained possession of the villages of Schermerloorn, Archer Sloot, Limmen, Baccum, and of a posi- tion on the sand-hills near Wyck- op-Zee. The Russians under Major-Gen. D’Essen being vigor- ously opposed in their endeavour to gain possession of a height in front of Baccum, Sir Ralph Aber- cromby moved up his reserve to support them; upon this, the enemy advanced their whole force, and the action became ge- neral from Limmen to the sea, and was maintained with great obstinacy on both sides until night, when the enemy retired, leaving the allies masters of the field of battle. The loss of the British amounted to 91 killed Major- Gen. Hutchinson and 729 wounded, and 603 missing. On the part of the Russians 382 killed, 735 wounded. The loss of the enemy was very severe, and many prisoners taken; of that number, 200 were captured in a gallant charge made by Col. Clephane, with four companies of the 3rd, and one of the Coldstream guards, and driving two battalions of the enemy from the post of Archer Sloot. 298 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 7 October 7. 1778. Defeat of the Rebels at Ciiesnut-neck. — Capt. Fer- guson, of the 70th regiment, with xi detachment of troops, embarked on hoard a small squadron under Capt. Collins, to attack Egg- harbour, situated on the boundary between East and West Jersey, North America. As the enemy had been informed of the intend- ed attack, and were making pre- parations for their defence, it was determined to push up in the boats and small craft, without waiting for the arrival of the ships. After a difficult navigation of twenty miles, the boats arrived at Chesnut-neck, where several vessels were lying. There the rebels had erected a work, with embrasures for six guns on a level with the river, and another upon a commanding eminence, with a platform for guns en bar- bette. Captain Collins, passing within musket-shot with the gal- leys, to cover the landing of the troops, soon silenced the enemy’s fire; and the detachment landing without further opposition, drove the rebels into the woods. On its return, the troops made two descents, penetrating some miles into the country, where they de- stroyed three saltworks and burnt the storehouses. 1810 . French defeated at Coimbra. — The British army con- tinued its retreat, the right by Thomar and Santarem, the centre by Batalha and Rio Mayor, the left by Altoba 9 a and Obidos, and at the same time a native force, under Col. Blunt, was thrown into Peniche. Masscna followed in one column by the way of Rio Mayor; but mean- while an exploit, as daring and hardy as any performed by a partisan officer during the war, convicted the marshal of bad ge- neralship. Intending to form a junction with Wilson and Miller, Cob Trant had reached Milheada; and although these corps were still distant, and believing his own arrival to be unknown at Coimbra, he resolved alone to attack the French in that city. Having surprised a small post at Fornos, early in the morning of the 7th October, he sent his ca- valry at full gallop through the streets of Coimbra, with orders to pass the bridge, and cut off all communication with the French army, of whose progress he was ignorant. At the same time his infantry penetrated at different points into the principal parts of the town, and the enemy, as- tounded, made little or no resist- ance. The convent of Santa Clara surrendered at discretion; and thus, on the third day after the Prince of Esling had quitted the Mondego, his depots and hos- pitals, and nearly five thousand prisoners, amongst whom was a company of marines of the Im- perial Guards, fell into the hands of a small militia force. The next day Miller and Wilson ar- riving, spread their men on all the lines of communication, and pick- ed up above three hundred more prisoners, whilst Trant conducted his captives to Oporto. 1813. Passage of tiie Bi- dassoa. — As all the tents were left standing, the enemy could perceive no change in the camp of the allies on the morning of the 7th of October; but at seven o’clock, the 5th division and Lord Aylmer’s brigade, emerging from their concealment in the ditch of Fuenterabia, crossed the sands in two columns, the left pointing to- wards the French camp of Sans Culottes, and the right against the October 3. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 299 ridge of Andaya, when they passed the fords of the low-water, channel, covered by the fire of the guns and howitzers at St. Mari- cal; and seven columns could be seen at once attacking on a line of seven miles, — those above the bridge fiercely attacking the enemy, while those below it were seen in the distance winding over the heavy sands. The French, completely surprised, permitted even the brigades of the 5th divi- sion to gain the right bank, and form their lines, before a musket was fired. Soult, on hearing the cannonade at Espelette, hurried to his right; but his camps on the Bidassoa, were lost before he ar- rived. The columns of the first division passed the river; one .above the bridge, preceded by Wilson’s Portuguese, one below preceded by Halkett’s light troops, who, aided by the guns of St. Marical, drove back the enemy’s advanced posts, and gained the heights which formed the key of their position. The Germans met a check, but Col. Cameron timely arriving, the 9th regiment rushed forward with the bayonet, and the ridges of the Croix des Bouquets were gallantly won, as far as the royal road. Reille, thus beaten, and his flank turned, retreated in great disorder along the royal causeway and the old road of Bayonne. Soult’s arrival, however, with part of Villatte’s reserve and many guns, restored order. The French lost eight guns and 400 men ; the allies .six hundred, of which half were Spaniards. October 3. 1709. Siege of Mons. — On the 3rd of October, the weather becoming fair, the besiegers obliged the enemy to quit a small redoubt on the right of the gate of Havre, and continued their ap- proaches, with very little loss in both attacks, until the 8th, when they were not above ten paces from the counterscarp of the horn- work at the gate. This they at- tacked on the same day, and, after half an Four’s resistance, lodged themselves on the covered -way, with the loss of only sixty men killed and wounded; and among the latter Col. O’Hara, of the English artillery, and Capt. Petit, of the guards. The allies per- fected their approaches, lodged themselves on the covered-way of the hornwork at the gate of Ber- tamont, and began to batter the face of that work from two bat- teries of twelve pieces of cannon on each. 1776. Rebels driven from Montresor Island. — On the 8th of October, about six in the morning, the rebels made an at- tempt to surprise the king’s troops stationed at Montresor island, near New York, which might be regarded as an outpost of the army. About three hundred and fifty men under Colonel Jackson, with two field-pieces, came down from Harlem river, in five flat- bottomed boats. They were first observed by the Brune frigate, anchored off the island, which opened a well-directed fire, and sunk one of their boats full of men. The others made good their landing on the island, and attacked the troops posted there, who consisted only of a company of the 71st regiment. But they were met with courage and firm- ness, and quickly driven back to their boats, having a major and and several men killed, and leav- ing on the field a major and twenty-two men wounded. The loss of the British was four killed and six wounded. 300 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 9, 1810. French driven from Alcoentre. — The disasters re- sulting to the enemy from the gal- lant exploit performed by Col. Trant at Coimbra on the 7th Oc- tober made no change in Massena’s dispositions. The marshal con- tinued his march, and on the 8th his advanced guard drove the ca- valry pickets out of Rio Mayor. Gen. Slade, who commanded, took no heed of this; and the enemy, pushing rapidly on, was like to have captured the brigade of artillery in Alcoentre. Much confusion ensued, but the royals and the sixteenth drove the French out of the town, sabred many, and made twelve prisoners. 1813. Combat of Vera. — Soon after seven o’clock on the morning of the 8th of October, the isolated ridge, called by the soldiers the ‘‘Boar’s Back,” was simultaneously assaulted;- and in a short time the French were swept off the top by the riflemen. This was the signal for a general attack; and it was not long before the slopes of the mountain were covered with men. The French, compared with their assailants, seemed few and scattered, and Kempt’s brigade soon forced its way without a check through all the retrenchments on the main pass. The cayadores and riflemen of Colborne’s brigade, attempting to storm the star redoubt above the Bayonette, being from their uniform mistaken for entirely Portuguese, the French attacked them with such violence as to drive them over the rocky edge of the descent. But the sudden appearance of the 52nd startled the enemy, who then fled to their intrenchment; and the 52nd fol- lowing hard, entered the works with them, and drove them to their second intrenchment. The exult- ing cheers of Kempt’s brigade, now echoed along the ravine, and, 'with renewed vigour, the men continued to scale the craggy mountain, fighting their toilsome way to the top of the Puerto. October 9. 1544. Siege of Boulogne raised. — The Dauphin having beleaguered Boulogne, recently taken by the English, and having got possession of the lower town. Sir Thomas Poynings, made a sally with 200 men, beat back the French with great loss, and drove them out of the lower town. The Dauphin, thus defeated, and sickness assailing his camp, soon raised the siege and withdrew his force. 1779. Siege of Savannah. — At a little before daylight on the 9th of October, the enemy at- tacked the British lines, the prin- cipal corps led by D’Estaing in person, with the elite of the French and American army. Un- der cover of a swampy hollow, they advanced in three columns, and for some time obstinately contested the point. Two stands of colours were actually planted upon the parapet; but the enemy met with so determined a resist- ance, and the fire of the three sea- men-batteries and the field-pieces taking them in almost every direction, was so severe, that they were thrown into some disorder. At this critical moment, Major Glassier of the 60th, with the grenadiers of that regiment and the marines, advancing rapidly from the lines, charged with such determination, that in an instant the ditches of the redoubt, with a battery to its right, were cleared, and the enemy driven in confusion over the abatis and into the swamp. On the advance of the grenadiers, three companies of the second bat- October 10. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 301 talion of the 71st regiment were ordered to sustain them; hut so precipitate was the retreat of the enemy, that the detachment could not close with them. A consider- able column, more to the left, was likewise repulsed by the brisk and well-directed fire of the se- veral batteries. It was now day- light, but the fog continuing very dense, no further attempt was made upon the enemy, except, from our artillery. The loss of the British amounted to 1 6 killed, and 39 wounded. The French acknowledge a loss of 44 officers and 700 men, and the rebels above 400. 1793. Siege of Toulon. — During the night of the 8th of October, an attack was made on the enemy’s batteries, opposite to the Hauteur de Grasse, at the Hauteur des Moulins, and two to the southward on the Hauteur Regnier. A detachment, com- posed of the British troops on the post, amounting to 225 men, un- der Captain Brereton of the 26th regiment, the Spanish grenadier company of the regiment of Hi- bernia, 50 men under Brevet Lieut.-Col. Nugent (the officer in command of the sortie), a com- pany of Piedmontese, and 50 Neapolitans. This corps marched at half-past twelve at night, and at one o’clock on the morning of the 9th, being joined by 50 chas- seurs and a captain and 50 Bri- tish marines, the advanced guard surprised the first battery, drove the enemy with the bayonet, and pursued them into the second. The main body of the assailants taking different positions of at- tack, the French were routed in all directions. Having rendered the guns useless, the British re- turned to their quarters at six o’clock, with two officers, and twenty-three men, prisoners. October 10. 1198. The French, under Philip, having come to the relief of Curs- seilles and Gisors on the 10th October, finding the castle won, and being set upon by the En- glish under Richard I., they were forced to flee into Gisors; and the French King was in danger of being drowned in the river Geth. Of the 400 knights, besides numerous men-at-arms engaged in this action, 100 knights were taken and slain. 1719. Citadel of Vigo sur- renders. — A fleet under Vice- Adm. Mighells, having on board 6000 troops, commanded by Lord Cobham, entered the harbour of Vigo on 29th September, and effected a landing on the same day. On the 1st October, the town with the adjacent fort of St. Sebastian surrendered, and were taken possession of by Bri- gadier Honeywood, with 800 men. On the 3rd and 4th, several pieces of cannon, landed from the fleet, were added to the artillery of St. Sebastian, to bombard the citadel of Castro, situated on an eminence commanding the town and har- bour. Finding themselves re- duced to an extremity, the fortress capitulated; and on the 10th October, the garrison, consisting of 469 men, marched out, having had above 300 killed or wounded during the bombardment, with a trifling loss on our side. There were in the town sixty large pieces of cannon, which were spiked and rendered useless ; and in the citadel forty-three pieces, of which fifteen were brass, and two large mortars. 1777. Continental Village destroyed. — Early in the morn- ing of the 1 0th of October, Gen. Clinton detached Major-General Tryon,with Emmerick’s chasseurs, 302 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 11. fifty yagers, the royal fusiliers, and the regiment of Tromback, with two three-pounders, to de- stroy one of the enemy’s settle- ments called Continental Village. The general succeeded in this expedition ; and having burnt barracks for 1500 men, and se- veral storehouses and loaded waggons, he rejoined the dieut.- general by 10 o’clock the same night. 1803. Capture of Cuttack. — On the breaking out of the Mahratta war in 1803, the force under Col. Harcourt, destined for the capture of Cuttack, and even- tually, after forcing the pass of Bermuth, to co-operate with Ma- jor-General Wellesley, entered Nursingapatam on the 17th Sep- tember. On the 20th the force advanced towards Ahmudpoor, through a country rendered al- most impassable by the heavy rains ; and by the 4th October reached Muckundpoor. There had been repeated skirmishing, and, near the latter place, a sharp affair between the advance-guard and the enemy, who were dis- persed with some loss. On the 10th, the town of Cuttack, the capital of the province, was given up; and, immediately afterwards, preparations were made for the siege of the strong fort of Barra- butee, about a mile from Cuttack. 1840. Reduction of Beyrout. — The city of Beyrout, which was colonised from Sidon, having been destroyed by an earthquake in 566, was rebuilt ; and, after being alternately possessed by the Christians and Saracens, fell into the power of Amurath IV. Since that period it remained with the Ottoman Empire up to the revolt of Ibrahim Pacha in 1832. The Egyptian army, was totally de- feated by the allied British, Turkish, and Austrian forces, 10th October, 1840, — the Egyptians losing 7000 in killed, wounded, and prisoners, and twenty pieces of cannon. October 11. 1761. Capture of Erexch Boats. — Three French frigates cruising near Belleisle on the 11th of October sent six large boats to capture a ship lying in the roads. Upon this being observed by the garrison, a detachment of 85 men, composed of Morgan’s light infantry and marines, em- barked in five boats, and attacked the enemy so resolutely, that 19 men were killed and 19 wounded; and the victors returned to Belle- isle, bringing with them four of the captured boats. 1763. Reduction of Mox- gheer. — On the 4th of October, Major Adams having invested Mongheer, three batteries were ready by the 8th to open on the fort; one of two 18-pounders, at 350 yards distance, to batter the south curtain near the river; an- other of one 12-pounder, to enfi- lade the east face; and a third of one 18-pounder, to enfilade the south face of the fort. The enemy’s fire was soon silenced by these batteries, which swept the whole curtains where their can- non were mounted, — their bastions being so small as not to admit guns of any consequence. On the 9th the two 18-pounders opened to breach the curtains ; and on the 10th, two eight-inch howitzers bore with such effect, that before night the breach was practicable. Another gun being added, to fire on the demi-bastion of the fourth gateway, the enemy on the morning of the 11th sur- rendered at discretion; and the garrison, consisting of 2000 men, October 12. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 303 soon afterwards marched out of the fort. 1 780. Capture of Forts Anne and George. — A detachment under Major Carleton proceeded from Crown Point, in the early part of October, to attack fort George and fort Anne. At the same time, a party of 100 men, accompanied by Mohawk Indians, crossed Lake Champlain with this detachment, to co-operate with Sir John Johnson; and another party of two hundred Canadian Indians, under the command of Lieut. Houghton of the 53rd regiment, marched at the same time to- wards Connecticut river. This expedition was conducted with such secrecy and despatch, that the garrisons of fort Anne and fort George surrendered pri- soners of war, after a slight op- position. The party under Sir John Johnson met with equal success, and destroyed the settle- ments of Schoary and Stoney Arabia, and laid waste a great extent of country. 1799. French defeated at Lemmertown. — At five o’clock on the morning of the 11th of October, the enemy made a ge- neral attack upon Lemmertown, West Friesland, their advance party attempting to storm the north battery. The British force, consisting of seamen and marines, amounting altogether to 157 men, getting the enemy between two fires, soon compelled them to lay down their arms. No sooner had they secured 30 prisoners, than they were attacked by the main body of the French; and, after a contest of upwards of four hours, •the enemy gave way in all direc- tions, with the loss of eighteen killed and twenty wounded. Lieuts. Wyburn, Gardner, Howell, and Higginson, of the marines, distinguished themselves on this occasion, as did Lieut. Norman of the navy. October 12. 1702. Reduction of Vigo. — On the 11th of October, an expe- dition under Sir George Rooke, consisting of 160 sail, having on board 9663 English, and 4138 Dutch troops, anchored in the Bay of Vigo. On the 12th the Duke of Ormond, with 2500 men,, landed in a sandy bay on the south side, about two leagues dis- tant from the town. Meeting with no opposition, the grenadiers under Lord Shannon and Colonel Pierce marched directly to the fort which guarded the passage into the harbour, having a boom across the entrance. Meanwhile the duke, with the rest of the troops, took post on the hills, to sustain the detachment, which having driven the enemy from the fort, made themselves masters of the lower platform, mounting thirty-eight pieces of cannon. Hereupon Lieut.- Gen. Churchill’s regiment advanced on the left, and took a position near it. The enemy retiring into an old tower, kept up a brisk fire for some time ; but the grenadiers plyed them roundly with their hand-grenades as they appeared on the wall. Capt. Lorel, of the French navy, who commanded the fort, having encouraged his men to make a daring push for their lines, opened the gates to force his way through the assailants; but the grenadiers rushing into the castle, made themselves masters of the post, taking 300 French seamen and 50 Spaniards, pr soners. 1758. — On the 12th October, a body of French and Indians, amounting to 1100 men, com- manded by M. de Vetri, attacked ; the English post at Hanning or 304 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 13. Hannon, North America, during the space of four hours. They were, however, eventually re- pulsed with severe loss ; the En- glish having only 12 killed, 18 w r ounded, and 31 missing. 1809. Surrender of Cerigo. The island of Cerigo (one of the Ionian cluster) surrendered, and was taken possession of by a Bri- tish force under Brigadier Oswald. October 13. 1803. Reduction of Barra- butee. — At the commencement of the Mahratta war, a force under Col. Harcourt marched to Gan- jam, to co-operate with Major- Gen. Wellesley. On the 10th of October, the town of Cuttack, the capital of the province, was given up, and shortly afterwards sur- rendered. Col. Harcourt then prepared for the siege of the fort of Barrabutee, about a mile hence. It was strongly built of stone, and surrounded by a deep wet ditch, varying from 35 to 135 feet in breadth; having only one entrance, with a very narrow bridge leading into it, over the ditch. Batteries were completed during the night of the 13th, five hundred yards from the south face of the fort, and commenced firing early on the morning of the 14th. By eleven o’clock, all the defences had been destroyed, and the guns of the fort silenced. A storm- ing party, consisting of a de- tachment of H. M.’s 22nd regi- ment, the Madras regiment, 400 sepoys from the Bengal native infantry, and the Madras 9th and 19th regiments, with some artil- lerymen and a 6 -pounder to blow open the gate, advanced to the attack. The bridge was quickly passed, under a heavy fire from the fort, but it was nearly forty minutes before the wicket was blown sufficiently open to admit one man. The Europeans, how- ever, passed in singly, and with such rapidity that notwithstand- ing the resistance at the inner gates, they rushed in with the garrison, who, after a severe loss, abandoned the fort; and its cap- ture w^as followed by the entire submission of the province of Cut- tack. The conduct of the storm- ing party, was distinguished by the greatest gallantry; and the cool intrepidity of Capt. Francis Thompson of the Madras regi- ment, major of brigade, was par- ticularly noticed. 1812. Action at Queens- town. — Major Derenzy, with 560 men of the 41st and 49th regi- ments, 300 militia, and some In- dians, altogether about 1000 rank and file, defeated an American force of 1560 men, under Gen. Smith, in their attack on Queens- town, on Lake Erie. The enemy sustained but a short conflict ere they fled with precipitation to- wards the point of their disem- barkation, and many were drown- ed in their eagerness to regain their own shore. Seventy-two officers and eight hundred and fifty- eight rank and file -were made prisoners. 1812. Skirmish at Monas- terio. — On the 13th of October, a skirmish took place on the stream beyond Monasterio, where Capt. Perse of the sixteenth dra- goons was twice forced from the bridge, and twice recovered it in the most gallant manner, main- taining his post until Col. F. Ponsonby, who commanded the reserves, arrived up; and both these gallant officers were wound- ed. This demonstration was fol- lowed by various others, until the evening of the 18th, v T hen the whole French army was united, and the advanced guard October 14. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 305 captured a picket of the Bruns- wickers, which, contrary to orders, had remained at St. Olalla. This sudden movement apparently pre- vented Wellington from occupy- ing the position of Monasterio, his outposts fell back on the 19th to Quintarapola and Olmos ; and on the ridges behind those places, he drew up his army in order of battle. October 14. 1066. Battle of Hastings. — The Duke of Normandy hav- ing, on 1st October, effected his landing at Pevensey, in Sussex, with 50,000 men, without opposi- tion, marched along the shore to Hastings, and then published a manifesto, declaring that his mo- tive for invading England was to revenge the murder of Prince Alfred, brother to King Edward, to restore the Archbishop of Canterbury, and to assist the En- glish in punishing Harold, who had usurped the crown. Each army spent the night of the 13th in its camp, the English in all kinds of jollity and mirth, the Normans in prayer and prepara- tion for battle. On the morning of the 14th, the invaders ad- vanced in three lines, singing the ballad of their famous Duke Rollo : their first line commanded by Montgomery and Fitz Osburn, having the Pope’s standard borne at its head ; the second led by ! Geoffrey Martel ; the third, being mostly cavalry, forming a reserve, headed by the duke in person. The English advanced in two lines, principally composed of infantry,— the Kentish-men, com- manded by Gurth, taking the lead according to their privilege since the Saxon heptarchy ; and in front of the main body ap- peared Harold, armed with tar- get, poleaxe, spear, and scimi- tar. At nine o’clock the Nor- mans commenced the battle with a shower of arrows, which pro- duced some confusion among the English ; but they soon com- pelled the assailants to retire in disorder. The Kentish-men, forming a complete phalanx, re- sisted every attack, and never did the English exhibit nobler proofs of courage, nor perhaps were ever charges more vigo- rously made and more bravely repulsed. The contest continued five hours without an inch of ground being gained by either party. The duke, finding he could not break the ranks of his opponents, feigned a retreat, and fell back in apparent disorder. The English, supposing the ene- my routed, followed them in haste and confusion, until the duke, having soon rallied his army, attacked them with an impetuosity they were far from expecting. Harold then assem- bled all the fugitives he could collect on an eminence, and, exhorting them to consider that, the fate of the kingdom de- pended on the victory, awaited the attack, and gave the enemy such a determined reception that they were repulsed with consider- able loss. But William, resolved to be either victorious or totally conquered, made another vigor- ous effort. In this attack, Harold having received an arrow over the left eye, which pierced the brain, his troops, seeing their leader fall, made a precipitate flight, in con- sternation and dismay. The Normans pursued, and, with a cruelty inspired by their leader, made terrible slaughter, giving no quarter. Many were, how- ever, spared by the vigilance of Morcar and Edwin, brothers-in- law to Harold, who were ac- 306 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 15. quainted with the ground, of which the Normans were igno- rant. The English army amount- ed to 40,000 men ; of that num- ber they are supposed to have lost from 14,000 to 15,000. With Harold were slain his bro- thers Gurth and Lewin, and the flower of the English nobility. Of the Normans 6000 were killed. When the battle had terminated, the conqueror ordered the whole army to kneel and give God thanks for the victory they had obtained. 1719. Reduction of Ponte Vedra. — The castle of Castro, which commands the town of Vigo, having capitulated on 10th October, Lord Cobham ordered Major- Gen. Wade to embark, with 1000 men, on board four transports, and proceed to the upper part of the bay. On the 14th, a landing was effected at Ponte Vedra without opposition. In this place were taken 16 brass and 70 iron pieces of cannon, which, with the exception of four 24-pounders, were brought away, together with a quantity of ord- nance stores. On the 24th, Lord Cobham re- embarked the army, and on 27th the fleet sailed for England. 1810. Skirmish at Monte Agraca. — The 71st regiment, forming the advance-guard of the division of Lieut.- Gen. Sir Brent Spencer, was attacked on 14th October near Sobral de Monte Agra£a, by a corps of Erench infantry supported by artillery. The British detach- ments, with Lieut.-Cols. the Hon. H. Cadogan and Reynell at their head, charged the enemy and drove them into the town. October 215. 1775. Defeat at Kingston. — On the 14th October, Major- Gen. Vaughan, with a body of troops, embarked in bateaux , escorted by the squadron of Sir James Wallace, moved up the river, and arrived at Kingston, or Esopas, on the morning of the 15th. Einding that the rebels had thrown up trenches and made every disposition for defence, the general decided on an immediate attack before they could have time to strengthen their works. He therefore landed his force, assailed their batteries; and, hav- ing driven them from their works and destroyed their guns, ad- vanced directly to the town, at the entrance of which he found a body of infantry and artillery drawn up to oppose him. In- stantly dashing at the enemy, they were soon routed and their cannon captured. The troops on enter- ing the town, being fired upon from the houses, the general gave orders to set the place on fire; and it was entirely consumed, to- gether with a considerable quan- tity of military stores. The troops were then re-embarked; and the ships, having dropped down the river, returned to New York. 1778. Expedition to Egg- harbour. — - An expedition un- der Capt. Eerguson of the 70th regiment, detached from Staten island by Sir Henry Clinton, ar- rived on the 5th of October off the bar of Egg-harbour, situated on the boundary between East and West Jersey. On the 8th, the troops having embarked in flat-boats and gun-boats, pro- ceeded up the river ; but their progress was impeded by the shallow water and the intri- cacy of the navigation. The Granby and Greenwich, armed October 10. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 307 sloops, grounded, and could not be got off; the remainder of the flotilla, however, arrived opposite Chesnut-neck about four o’clock. During that evening and the fol- lowing morning, several of the enemy’s vessels and storehouses were destroyed. The flotilla then dropped down the river, and by great exertion succeeded in float- ing the two grounded vessels. Having obtained information that a party of the rebel troops, con- sisting of three companies of in- fantry, with a field-piece, and three troops of horse, were in a position that might be attacked with a prospect of success, it was resolved to make the attempt. Accordingly, on the evening of the 14th, two hundred and fifty men were embarked, and after rowing ten miles, landed at four o’clock on the morning of the 15th within a mile of a bridge, which Captain Ferguson happily secured. Leaving fifty men for its defence, he rushed forward upon the infantry of Polaski’s legion, who were cantoned in three different houses, and almost cut them to pieces. Fifty were found dead, and among them a lieutenant-colonel and two other officers. It being a night attack, little quarter could be given; so that there were only a few pri- soners secured. As a large rebel force was in the neighbourhood, Capt. Ferguson retreated to the boats, and re-embarked without opposition. October 3.6. 1709. Siege of Mons.— From the 8th to the 16th of October, nothing happened worthy of no- tice, beyond the continued bom- bardment of the place. On the morning of the 16th, 400 grena- diers, sustained by 500 fusiliers, and 700 workmen, attacked the second counterscarp of the horn- work at the gate of Havre, which the enemy quitted after a short resistance. Thereupon the allies made a good lodgment, and removed their batteries to the palisades to batter the hornwork in breach. At seven in the morning, they commenced, by a heavy discharge of bombs and grenades, to attack the horn- work of Bertamont, by which the enemy were so much annoyed, that, when the besiegers had mounted the breach, they found, to their great amazement, both the ravelin and the hornwork deserted. The assailants then lodged themselves therein, and also took possession of a little outwork on the right of the horn- work, without sustaining much loss. 1781. Siege of Yorktown. — After the enemy had finished their second parallel, Earl Corn- wallis clearly saw, from the ruined state of his works, that they could not stand many hours against the batteries of the as- sailants, unless some means should be devised to retard their opera- tions. He therefore directed the fire of all his cannon and mortars upon the enemy’s approaches ; and a little before daybreak, on the 16 th October, a sortie was made by three hundred and fifty men under Lieut.- Colonel Robert Abercromby, to attack two bat- teries which appeared to be in a state of forwardness. The lieu- tenant-colonel divided his corps into two bodies : one, consisting of a detachment of the guards and the grenadier company of the 80th regiment, was com- manded by Lieut.-Col. Lake, of the guards ; and the other, com- posed of some companies of light infantry, was led by Major Arm- 308 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 17 strong, of the 17th regiment. Each corps was successful, and they not only took the batteries, but also the redoubts that co- vered them. Eleven guns were spiked ; and having killed about one hundred Erench troops, they retreated within their own works with very little loss. This gal- lant enterprise proved of little avail, for, by the uncommon ac- tivity of the enemy, the guns were replaced in the batteries be- fore dark, and the whole parallel appeared once more to be nearly complete. The strength of the combined forces was not more conspicuous than the weakness of the British ; for at this time there was no part of the front attacked in which they could show a single gun, and their shells were nearly expended. Things were now come to such a crisis that the brave Earl of Cornwallis seemed to regard his fate as certain. 1781. Reduction or Sumatra. — Soon after the servants of the East India Company at Ben- coolen were apprised of the rup- ture with the Dutch, five British ships from China opportunely arrived at fort Marlborough, in the island of Sumatra. This ac- cession of naval force induced the gentlemen of that factory to plan an enterprise against the Dutch settlements on that island. Mr. Botham, one of the council, was appointed to conduct the military, and Capt. Clements, the senior officer of the five ships, was commodore of the naval force, on board which one hun- dred troops were embarked. On 16th October they appeared be- fore Pulang, and having artfully deceived the governor with re- spect to their strength, terrified him into a surrender of the place. All the other Dutch settlements on the western coast of Sumatra fell successively into their hands. October 17. 1347. Battle of Nevil’s Cross Philip of Erance, finding his endeavours to divert Edward Ill's, intention to proceed with the siege of Calais had failed, prevailed on David, king of Scot- land, to invade England with an army of nearly 50,000 men. Queen Philippa heading the En- glish forces, marched towards the invaders, and offered them battle. David was no less eager to engage, imagining it an easy task to overcome undisciplined troops commanded by a woman. In this he found himself deceived; for on the 17th October his army was completely routed, with the loss of from 15,000 to 20,000 slain, and himself taken prisoner. Although this valiant monarch had two spears hanging in his body, and was severely wounded in the legs, he disdained captivity, provoking the English by the most opprobrious language to ter- minate his sufferings. 1778. Reduction of Pondi- cherry. — Major-Gen. Hector Munroe encamped the army under his command, on the 8th August, about four miles from Pondi- cherry, and on the 25th laid siege to that place. Ground was broke on the north and south sides of the town, on the 6th and 7th Sep- tember, and on the 18th, the bat- teries opened a fire from 28 pieces of cannon and 27 mortars. A gallery being carried into the ; ditch from the southward, a , breach made in the bastion of L’Hopital, and the faces of the , adjacent bastions being also de- stroyed, it was resolved to pass the ditch by a bridge of boats and J assault the place. As the bat- October 18 . CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 309 teries on the north side had also been successful, a float was pre- pared for passing troops in that direction. The storming of the town was to have taken place on 15th October, but an accident having occurred to the gallery, the attack was postponed. On the 16th, terms of surrender were proposed by the governor M. De Bellecombe, and on the 1 7th the garrison, consisting of 3000 men, marched out with the honours of war. 1779. An expedition, consist- ing of detachments of the Loyal Irish, the marines of the Charon, LowestofF, Pomona, and Porcu- pine frigates, and 250 armed slaves, the whole commanded by Capt. Dalrymple, amounting to 500 men, sailed on the morning of the 10th October, from Traxillo bay, and arrived at Porto Cavallo bay on the 11th. In the evening of the 16th, the troops were landed, and marched with the intention of attacking Port Omoa that night; but the roads proved so intricate and rugged, that they did not arrive until after daybreak. After a short halt, they again moved forward, but had still to encounter passes and defiles simi- lar to those which had obstructed their progress on the preceding night, the Indians skirmishing along the paths. Learning from some prisoners that the enemy were drawn up to resist an attack, it was immediately arranged that the Loyal Irish and marines, should force the pass in column, and then advance rapidly, sup- ported by the reserve. The defile was instantly forced, and the Spaniards, after a scattering dis- charge of musketry, fled, some to the forts, others to the woods and the town. From the heights on which the troops were drawn up there was a full view of the fort, situated about half a mile distant from Port Omoa, at the bottom of the hills ; and as the enemy kept firing from the town, Capt! Dal- rymple was under the necessity of destroying the place. While it was in flames, the squadron came into the bay and endeavoured to take up a position to batter the fort, the land forces seconding their efforts; but the scaling lad- ders not arriving in time, pre- vented an effective co-operation on the land side. Owing to the calm state of the weather, the Lowestoffe took the ground, and received material injury from the enemy s shot, and the Charon also suffered severely from the same cause. 1803. Reduction of Agra.— Before the breaking out of the war, the garrison of Agra was commanded by the European officers who had been confined by their own troops on the com- mencement of hostilities. Seven battalions of Scindiah’s regular infantry were encamped on the glacis ; but the garrison was afraid to admit them into the fort, lest they should plunder a rich treasury, which they wished to reserve for themselves. On the 17th October, these battalions were attacked by Gren. Lake, who defeated them with a loss of twenty-six guns. A few days afterwards, the garrison liberated their officers, and capitulated, on condition of being permitted to retire with their property. The treasury and the arsenal, with one hundred and sixty-two pieces of cannon, fell into the hands of the victors. October 18 . 1776. Skirmish near Pell’s Point. The strong positions which the enemy had taken on 310 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 18, New York Island, and forti- fied with incredible labour, de- termined Sir W Howe to get upon their principal communica- tion with Connecticut, in order to compel them to quit the strongholds in the neighbourhood of King’s -bridge, and, if possible, to bring them to action. On the 12th of October, the army, with the exception of three brigades under Lieut. -Gen. Earl Percy, to cover New York, embarked in flat-boats and other craft, and, pressing through the dangerous navigation of Hell -gate in a dense fog, landed on Prog’s Island. On the 18th, several corps re embarked in flat-boats, and landed on Pell’s point, at the entrance of Hutchinson’s river ; after which the main body, cross- ing, near the entrance, to the same place, immediately ad- vanced, and lay that night upon their arms, with their left upon a creek opposite to East Chester, and the right near to Rochelle. On the march to this ground, a skirmish ensued with a small corps of the enemy posted to de- fend a narrow causeway. They were pursued for a mile, when a considerable body appearing in front, behind stone walls and in woods, some companies of light infantry and a party of the chas- seurs were despatched to dislodge them. This service was effec- tually performed, with the loss of 3 men killed, Lieut.-Col. Mus- grave and Captain Eselyn (the latter mortally) and 20 wounded. 1791. Assault of Nuxdy Durgum. — On the night of the 18th of October, the army under Lord Cornwallis, encamped about four miles from Nundy Durgum, carried by assault, with incon- siderable loss, that strong hill- fort. The second killidar and a few of the garrison were killed ; but the greater part of it escaped by scrambling down the rocks at the back of the fort. 1812. Siege of Burgos. — On the 17th of October, the battery of the hornwork being renewed, the fire of the eighteen- pounders cleared away the ene- my’s temporary defences at the breach, the howitzers damaged the rampart on each side, and a small mine was sprung on the ex- treme right of the lower parallel, with a view to take possession of a cavalier or mound which the French had raised, and from which they had killed many men in the trenches. The attack was successful, and a lodgment ef- fected ; but the enemy soon returned in force, and obliged the besiegers to abandon it. However, on the 18th the new breach was rendered practicable, and Wellington ordered it to be stormed. The explosion of the mine under San Roman was to be the signal that the church was also to be assaulted ; and at the same time a third detachment was to escalade the works in front of the ancient breach, and thus connect the attacks. At half-past four o’clock the spring- ing of the mine at San Roman broke down a terrace in front of that building, yet -with little in- jury to the church itself. The latter was, however, resolutely attacked by Col. Browne, at the head of some Spanish and Por- tuguese troops ; and though the enemy sprung a countermine, which brought the building down, the assailants lodged them- selves in the ruins. Meanwhile two hundred of the foot-guards, with strong supports, poured through the old breach in the first, and escaladed the second line ; beyond which, in the open ground between the second and October 19. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 311 third lines, they were encountered by the French, and a sharp mus- ketry fight commenced. At the same time the new breach was carried by 200 of the German legion. Unhappily, at neither of these assaults did the supports fol- low closely ; and Gen. Dubreton, who held his reserves well in hand, came dashing like a tor- rent from the upper ground, and in an instant cleared the breaches. More than 200 British were killed or wounded in the combat, October 19. 1719. Reduction of Mes- sina. — Admiral Byng, having- embarked 6000 troops on board the British fleet, sailed from Vado bay on the 29th of September, ami arrived before Messina on the 8th of October. The arrival of the expedition so elevated the spirits of the army, that Lieut. - General Wallis, with 5000 men, made a vigorous and successful attack upon the half-moon bat- tery, but with the loss of 103 killed and 830 wounded. On the 17th, at ten in the morning, the Imperialists assaulted the | counterguard, and mounted to I the summit of the breach with i great gallantry, but, after two | hours’ fighting, were repulsed i with the loss of 120 killed and f 617 wounded. The governor, I having acquitted himself with great honour in this repulse [ as well as the general defence | of the place, finding that he could no longer hold out, beat a parley on the 18th, and on i the 19th 600 Imperial grenadiers \ took possession of a gate of the | citadel. On the 21st, the Spanish t garrison marched out through the breach, and were transported by sea to Augusta. Thus ended a siege of 91 days, which cost the Germans above 5000 men killed or wounded. 1791. Reduction of Nundy Droog. — A corps under Major Gowdie, having been detached by Lord Cornwallis to attempt the reduction of the hill-forts of Rymenghur and Nundy Droog, the former (45 miles north-east of Bangalore) was taken posses- sion of without much difiiculty ; but the latter (about 40 miles north of Bangalore) was so formi- dable that the general considered it expedient to send a consi- derable reinforcement, both of troops and guns, the army taking up a position to the northward of Bangalore to deter Tippoo from making any attempt to interrupt the siege. The steep and rug- ged acclivity on which the fort was built, and the two walls of masonry at the distance of about eighty yards from each other, with cavaliers and towers, with which the only accessible- part of the hill was fortified, pre- sented no very encouraging ob- jects to the besiegers. After having, with a loss of men and excessive labour, constructed a battery of eight embrasures on the ascent of the hill, within less than 500 yards of the wall, and brought into it four heavy guns and four twelve-pounders, the the outer wall proved to be of a strength and thickness so much beyond all calculation, that prac- ticable breaches were only ef- fected in it after an incessant and well-directed fire of six days. The killidar refusing to listen to any terms of surrender, on the 17th of October Gen. Meadows took the command of the besieg- ing corps ; and on the morning of the 18th, Lord Cornwallis moved the whole army near the fortress, in the expectation that x 4 312 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 2 0 ( its appearance might intimidate the garrison. Early on the morn- ing of the 19th, the judicious arrangements made by General Meadows for the assault were carried into effect : the assailants not only entered the breaches, but forced the gate of the inner wall ; and the place was carried with inconsiderable loss on our side. The garrison consisted of about 700 men, several of whom were killed in the assault; but the greater number escaped over the precipices at the back of the fort. The first and second kil- lidars and the buckshey were made prisoners. October 20. 1709. Surrender of Mons. L-On the 20th of October, at noon, the breaches at the gate of Havre being practicable, and the besiegers making preparations for the assault, the enemy beat a parley, proposing to capitulate ; and on the same night, 500 men of the confederate army took pos- session of the gate of Nimy. 1779. Siege of St. Fernan- do de Omoa. — Reflecting that, by a protracted siege of the fort of Omoa, a vast artillery would be required, and eventually the place carried by storm, and as the ditch was found to be dry, it was deter- mined to escalade the fort. The Pomona was therefore towed close in, the heavier ships co-ope- rating in the attack. The Euro- peans were formed in four co- lumns in line, four guides at the head of each; two of the columns consisting of seamen, and two of marines, with a few Loyal Irish. At 3 o’clock in the morning of the 20th of October, this force, amounting to 150 men, moved down the hill, and there lay waiting an intimation from the Charon that she was under way, and would attack in twenty minutes. The signal being made, shortly after four o’clock, the party advanced, covered by their batteries and unperceived by the Spaniards, who directed their fire at our artillery on the hills and at the shipping. In profound silence, with trailed arms, the English approached the enemy’s sentries undiscovered; but at that moment, their drums beat to arms. The ladders being quickly planted against the wall, — in height twenty- eight feet, — on which was a battery of five guns, the seamen readily ascended, and being reinforced by the marines, the Spaniards fled to the case- mates ; nor could they recover their panic, notwithstanding the energetic example of their officers. About 100 Spaniards escaped out of a sallyport and over the walls on the opposite side. The governor and principal officers then delivered up their swords to Capt. Dalrymple, and the gar- rison, with the register-ships in the port, surrendered. The total loss of the British amounted to 6 killed, 14 wounded. Capt. Dalrymple, in his despatch, re- lates the following anecdote of magnanimity exhibited by a Bri- tish sailor : — “ Not contented with one cutlass, he scrambled up the walls with two ; and meeting a Spanish officer un- armed, who had been roused out of his sleep, had the generosity not to take advantage, but, pre- senting him with one of the cut- lasses, observed, ‘ You are now on a footing with me.* ” 1794. Defeat of the Ro- hillas. — Early in October. Sir Ralph Abercromby was a good way up the Ganges, intending to visit the Vizier at Lucknow, also for the purpose of reviewing the October 21. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 313 troops. But hearing of the trea- cherous conduct of Goldum Ma- homet, Sir Ralph ordered the troops at Cawnpore and Futty- ghur to be ready to take the field. On the 20th October, the British army under that general’s com- mand was attacked by the Rohil- las ; but, after a severe contest, the enemy were totally defeated. The victory was, however, dearly purchased: 1 colonel, 1 major, 4 captains, 14 subalterns, 64 Europeans, and 500 natives, rank and file, killed ; 12 officers, and a great manv men wounded. October 21. 1776. York Island. — On the 21st of October, the right and centre of the British army under Lord Cornwallis moved to a po- sition about two miles to the northward of Rochelle, on the road to the White Plains, leaving Lieut.- General Heister, with two brigades of Hessians and one of British, to occupy the former ground. Lieut.- General Rogers, with his corps of rangers, was detached to take possession of Mamaroneck, where the careless- ness of his sentries exposed him to a surprise from a large body of the enemy; nevertheless, by spirited exertion, the Americans were compelled to retreat with loss of several killed and wounded and some prisoners. 1781. Mahadapatam taken. — The 2nd battalion of the 1st Madras European, regiment, un- der Colonel Braith waite, attacked the strong position of Mahada- patam, defended by the elite of the enemy, with eight guns. These were completely dislodged and routed with very great loss, leaving two guns in the hands of the victors. The superiority of the Rajah of Tanjore having been thus re-established, the corps was ordered to march towards Nagore, and ultimately to the reduction of Negapatam. Col. Braithwaite, returning to the capital of the province, de- spatched all his disposable troops, considerably reinforced by Eu- ropeans, under command of Lieut.-Col. Nixon, who arrived before Nagore on the 21st of October ; and, in sight of the fleet, the battalion particularly distinguished itself in a spirited and eminently successful attack on the enemy’s troops in the act of evacuating that place. The troops then proceeded to Nega- patam, where the commander-in- chief, Sir Hector Munroe, came on shore. On the same day, the admiral landed 400 marines and 900 seamen, who, having joined the army, co-operated during the siege with their characteristic valour. 1793. Enemy repulsed near Menin. — On the 21st of October, the enemy made an attack upon the advanced posts of the camp at Menin, particularly those of Werwick and Hallowin, and were everywhere repulsed ; but on the following day their attack was successful, and they gained pos- session of Werwick. Menin being by these means exposed, Lieut. - Gen. Ehrbach found it necessary to evacuate the town and to re- tire, with his corps, upon Courtray. The enemy likewise attacked, on the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd, the troops posted at the camp of Cisoing ; but they were repulsed each day with loss. The Innis- killings and 16th light dragoons were particularly distinguished. The attacks of the enemy were chiefly directed against Nomain upon the left and Willem upon the right. Both places were for a time in the enemy’s possession; 314 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 22. but they were driven from them by reinforcements arriving from the camp. October 22. 1452. Siege or Castillon. — Charles VII., King of France, having withdrawn his army out of Guienne, the nobility, in con- cert with the inhabitants of Bor- deaux, resolved to recall them ancient masters the English. For this purpose, deputies were sent to London ; and, their proposals meeting the approval of the Go- vernment, it was determined to send a force under the Earl of Shrewsbury. Though nearly 80 years of age, that nobleman, with his usual alacrity, immediately embarked with 700 men-at-arms, leaving the rest of the troops destined for the expedition to follow by the earliest opportunity. He landed at Bordeaux on the 21st of October, and the next day, being introduced into that city by the burghers, surprised the garrison, and took the greater part prisoners. Being joined, in a few days, by the main body of the troops from England, he took the field at the head of 7 000 men, and reduced Frontac and Cas- tillon, together with some other places, before he was compelled to put his army into winter quarters. 1764. Defeat of the Na- bob of Oude. — Sir Hector Mun- roe had scarcely taken the com- mand of the army on the frontiers of Oude, when a whole battalion of sepoys, with their arms y went off to join the enemy. They were, however, overtaken, and twenty- four of the ringleaders sentenced to be blown from the mouths of cannon. When four of the un- happy men had thus suffered, the sepoys declared that they would hot? permit the execution of any more. Nothing intimidated by this threat, Munroe ordered his field -pieces to be loaded with grape, and placed at intervals in the line of Europeans ; then, directing the sepoys to ground their arms, declared that if a single man stirred, he would give immediate orders to fire. Daunted by his firmness, the sepoys in- stantly obeyed, and the execution proceeded. After this exhibition of resolute determination, Munroe marched against the Nabob Vizier of Oude, and on the 22nd of Oc- tober completely routed his army near Buxar. 1777. Attack on Four Island. — The enemy’s defences on Fort Island, a little below the entrance to the Schuylkill* consisted of an enclosed work, strengthened by four block- houses, and of two floating bat- teries mounting nine guns each,, besides fourteen . galleys with heavy cannon, and several fine ships. Opposite to this island* on the eastern shore, at Red-bank* they had also a strong redoubt, with considerable outworks. In front of these defences, to the extent of half a mile, the channel was contracted to a breadth of 100 fathoms ; and here several rows of chevaux-de-frise w'ere sunk, to prevent the passage of ships. As an attempt could be made to remove the upper range of these frames, or otherwise clear the channel, Sir William Howe or- dered some batteries to be erected on the western shore, to dislodge the enemy from Fort Island. He at the same time detached Col. Donop, with three battalions of Hessian grenadiers, the regiment of Mirbach, and the infantry chasseurs, to attack the enemy at Red-bank* where they had S00 men intrenched. On the 21st of October 23 , CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 315 October the detachment crossed the Delaware in flat boats from Philadelphia to Cooper’s ferry, which lies directly opposite the city ; and on the 22nd, in the after- noon, they arrived before Red- bank. The colonel led them to the assault, and they gallantly carried an extensive outwork, driving the enemy into an interior intrenchment, which could not be attacked without ladders, being nine feet high, with a parapet boarded and friezed. After seve- ral attempts to dislodge the Ame- ricans, in which great loss was sustained, and Colonel Donop mortally wounded, the assailants were obliged to desist. October 23 , 1642. Battle of Edge IIill. — King Charles I. having learnt that Essex, with a superior force, had advanced to Kineton, a village on the borders of Warwickshire, drew up his army, not exceeding 1 0,000 men, on Edge Hill, a ris- ing ground 8 miles west from Banbury, in Oxfordshire ; and on Sunday, the 23rd October, gave the enemy battle. About three o’clock in the afternoon, Prince Rupert, commanding the cavalry of the right wing, advancing to charge the left of the enemy, being • joined by Sir Faithful Fortescue, who with his whole troop had deserted from the corps of Ram- say, they charged their adver- saries with such fury that they were routed and pursued for two miles. Wilmot and Sir Arthur Ashton met with the same suc- cess against the right wing of Essex, and the reserve under By- ron joined in the pursuit, leaving the infantry on both sides to dis- pute the fortune of the day. Sir William Balfour, with the reserve of cavalry, fell upon the flank of the royalists, and did great exe- cution ; Sir W. Vemey being slain, the royal standard fell into the hands of the enemy, but was recovered by the valour of Capt. John Smith. The king’s infantry was thrown into great confusion, and the troops under Prince Ru- pert were so fatigued and scat- tered, that they could not renew the charge. Night approaching, the fate of the day remained un- decided. About 5000 combatants lay dead on the field of battle, the greater part having been killed by the king’s cavalry. Besides the Earl of Lindsay and Sir William Verney, the king lost the Lord Aubigny, brother of the Duke of Richmond. 1708. Reduction of Lille. — On the 1 6th October the be- siegers commenced the descent and passage of the principal ditch. The breaching batteries were now augmented, and no less than fifty-five pieces of heavy artillery, with thirty-six mortars and howitzers, were mounted, in the lodgments on the covert-way and outworks. Amidst a carnage which seldom occurs, even at a siege, the decisive moment ap- proached. On the 21st, crowds of volunteers carrying sand -bags and fascines, the enlargement of the trenches, the completion of tne passage across the ditch, and a tremendous fire of artillery for twenty-four hours, warned the garrison that the assault w r as about to take effect. On the 22nd October, after sixty days’ siege, Boufflers therefore beat a par- ley, at four in the afternoon ^ hostages were immediately ex- changed, and conferences held for the surrender. Prince Eugene treated the garrison with the ge- nerosity their brave defence so justly merited, — even allowing the heroic governor to regulate his 316 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 24, own conditions. At midday on the 23rd, the allies took posses- sion of the gate De la Madelaine ; and the remains of the garrison, amounting to 5000 men, retired into the citadel on the 25th. 1709. Reduction of Mons. — The place having capitulated on 22nd October, the garrison marched out with the honours of war, granted to them by the terms of surrender ; besides which, the confederates allowed them two pieces of cannon and one mortar, by way of compliment. The re- duction of this important fortress, after the memorable and san- guinary battle of Malplaquet, ■was a forcible demonstration that the allies obtained in that action something more substantial than the name of a victory ; since the enemy, who had hazarded a battle to prevent the siege of the town, did not make the smallest attempt to relieve the place, not- withstanding the assurance given by Villars and Boufflers to his Most Christian Majesty of their readiness to march towards the confederate army, if the king’s service required it. October 24. 1415. Arthur of Bretagne, second son of Joanne, of Navarre (whose second husband was Henry IV.), boldly espoused the cause of France, and was the first who attacked the outposts of Henry’s camp near Agincourt, at the head of 2000 French cavalry. This fiery assault was made at midnight, on the eve of St. Crespin’s day, during a violent storm of wind and rain; but Arthur was repulsed by his royal step-brother, being desperately wounded and made prisoner. 1793. Siege of Nieuport. — Nieuport was besieged by the French, in October 1793, who on the 24th made an attack on the place. A sharp action ensued; but the garrison, under Lieut. - Col. De Wurmb, made such a gallant defence, that the enemy, amounting to 8000 men, retired along the road to Dunkirk. 1812. Affair at Muriel. — Wellington having crossed the Carion river, on the 24th of Oc- tober, at its confluence with the Pisuerga, took up a strong posi- tion, extending from Villa Muriel to Duenas. The troops occupied a range of lofty hills, descending with an easy sweep to the Carion, which covered the front; and the Pisuerga did the same by the right wing. Souham, excited by his success on the 23rd, followed from Villadrigo, early on the 24th; and having passed the Pisuerga, directed Foy’s division upon Placentia, and ordered Maucune, with the advanced guard, to pursue the allies to the bridges of Banos, Isidro, and Muriel ; halting himself at Magoz. Before the enemy appeared, the summits of the hills were crowned by the allies, all the bridges were mined, and that of San Isidro, was strongly protected by a con- vent filled with troops. The left of the position was equally strong, yet Gen. Oswald, who had just arrived from England, and taken the command of the 5th division on the instant, overlooked the advantages to be derived from the dry bed of a canal with high banks, which, on his side, ran pa- rallel with the Carion ; and he had not occupied the village of Muriel in sufficient strength. In this state of affairs, Foy reached Placentia, and drove the allies from the town, and in such haste that all the bridges were aban- doned in a perfect condition. This untoward event obliged October 25. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 317 Wellington to throw back his left, composed of the 5th division and the Spaniards, at Muriel, thus offering two fronts, the one facing Placentia, the other the Carion. Oswald’s error then became manifest; for Maucune, having dispersed the 8th caga- dores, who were defending a fort between Muriel and San Isidro, fell, with a strong body of infantry and guns, upon the allies at Mu- riel, and this at the moment when, the mine having been exploded, the party covering the bridge were passing the broken arch by means of ladders. The play of the mine, which was effectual, checked the advance of the French for an instant ; but Mau- cune’s column, covered by a c on- centrated fire, passed the fort and lined the dry bed of the canal. October 25. 1415. Battle of Agincottrt. — Henry V. having resolved to invade France, sailed from South- ampton on 15th August, with a fleet of 1500 sail, conveying 6000 lances, 24,000 archers, and 20,000 common infantry ; and having effected a landing at the mouth of the Seine, laid siege to Harfleur. During the reduction of that place, which surrendered on 22nd September, Henry lost nearly half his army by dysentery. His fleet having severely suffered and dispersed in a storm, and being threatened by an attack of the enemy in force, he de- termined on marching to Calais, though not a fourth of his army was fit for duty; and on the 6th October he commenced his march, with 9000 men. Having arrived at the ford of Blanche Taque, on the river Somme, he found it ren- dered impracticable, by sharp stakes driven into the bed of the river, and a strong body of archers posted on the opposite side. No- thing daunted by these obstruc- tions, Henry endeavoured to in- spire his followers by reminding them of the noble exploits of their ancestors, who had triumphed at Crecy and at Poitiers. After moving along the left bank until they reached Amiens, the army forded the river between St. Quen- tin and Peronne, and advancing to Blangi, saw the whole French army, under the Constable D’Al- bret, on their march towards Ruisseauville and Agincourt, a village of the district Ponthieu, in Picardy. In this perplexity he sent a message to D’Albret, offer- ing to restore Harfleur, and even to give a pledge never again to invade France, provided lie was permitted to proceed to Calais unmolested. Henry, like Edward III., when surrounded at Poitiers, indignantly refusing to surrender, D’Albret sent three heralds to defy him to battle ; to which the king replied, that, being harassed and fatigued, he did not seek an engagement, and being resolved to continue his route to Calais, if they thought fit to interrupt him, he would not shrink from the contest. On the 22nd October he received an intimation from D’Albret, that on Friday the 25 th they would give him battle, be- tween Ruisseauville and Agin- court. Henry accepted the chal- lenge, and to the herald who brought the message he presented a rich robe and 200 crowns. During the interval, Henry took all the precautions of a diligent and experienced commander, being frequently on horseback making the necessary arrangements for the coming contest ; whilst the French, confident in their own superiority, spent the time in lux- ury and riot. 318 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October as. On the 25th, at daybreak, the armies were drawn up in order of battle ; the French amounting to 60,000, whilst the English did not exceed 9000 men. D’Albret injudiciously se- lected a position, flanked by a rivulet and a thick wood, by which his front was contracted into the same extent as Henry’s, and his superiority of number was thus rendered of no avail; but, on the contrary, eventually productive of mischief and con- fusion. They were formed into three corps, the first under D’Al- bret, the second led by the Duke D’Alengon, and the third by | Count Marie. In order to make j his front equal to that of the enemy, Henry was obliged to draw up his army in one line, placing 400 lances in the wood flanking the enemy’s right, and 250 choice archers in a hollow on their left. Their right wing, com- , manded by the Duke of York, was a little in advance of the centre, led by the king in person, who wore a helmet of polished steel, surmounted by the royal crown, and the arms of England and France were embroidered in gold on his surcoat. The left, a little in the rear, formed in two divisions under command of the Duke of Exeter. Finding his opponents reluctant to commence the strife, he ordered Sir Thomas Erpingham, the commander of the archers, to throw up his trun- cheon as the signal for the attack, saying : “ My friends, since they will not begin, it is our business . to open a passage ; let us charge them in the name of the ever blessed Trinity.” The whole line assented with a loud shout, as the Duke of York’s division advanced, and having planted their pickets, the archers did good execution on the compact body of the enemy ; ! and their cavalry having charged, 1 was soon compelled to retire. The troops in ambush on their right now making a vigorous effort, completed the disorder ; and the duke following up his success with impetuosity, a terrible car- : nage ensued. The Constable was slam ; and although the Duke | D’Alengon then headed the troops I in resisting the charge, the English ' with their battle-axes continued to make incredible havoc. Henry arriving up with his division, ex- ’ cited his followers by deeds of 1 prowess rarely surpassed ; but at length overpowered by numbers and felled by a blow, he was op- portunely relieved by the arrival of the Duke of York, whose divi- sion, seeing the danger of their monarch, rushed forward with enthusiasm and bore ail before them. D Alengon, placing himself at the head of 300 volunteers, now made his way to where Henry exhibited prodigies of valour, and crying out, “ I am the Duke D’Alengon,” inflicted a furious blow', which entered the helmet ; but not being able to disengage his sw r ord, Henry returned the stroke so effectually, that he brought his antagonist to the ground. The loss of D’Alengon filled the French with consternation, and the whole army fled in disorder. At this moment, word having been brought that the enemy were in possession of the rear of his camp, Henry gave orders to put all the prison- ers to the sword ; and thus 14,000 unhappy persons suffered unne- cessarily, — for it was now' ascer- tained that the plunderers w r ere merely a body of fugitives. The French loss amounted to 10,000 killed and wounded, and 14,000 prisoners ; whilst the English loss did not exceed 400 men. Among the slain w r erc the Duke of York and the Earl of Suffolk. The October 25. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 319 next day, Henry proceeded on his march to Calais. 1854. Action of Balaklava. — The allied forces, after remain- ing two days encamped on the formidable position, whence they had driven the Russian army un- der Prince Menscbikoff in the glorious battle of the 20th Sept., moved towards Balaklava, and having taken up a position to se- cure a communication with that harbour, commenced throwing up works for the reduction of Sebas- topol. By the 16th Oct. the siege had so progressed, that at half-past six on the morning of the 17th, a fire was opened from upwards of one hundred pieces of cannon, which was well replied to by the Russians. About one o’clock the combined fleet, as related in our naval columns, took up positions to assail the forts at the entrance of the harbour; and one conti- nuous roar was kept up until dark. The cannonade was par- tially resumed on the following days, but nothing of consequence occurred until the 25th. At dawn of day, masses of the enemy were observed advancing to the rear of Balaklava, which, according to their own account, amounted to 32,500 men. The low range of heights that run across the plain, at the bottom of which the town is situated, was protected by four small hastily contructed redoubts. Three had guns mounted ; and on a higher hill, in front of the village of Camara, in advance of our right flank, was a work of more importance. These redoubts were garrisoned by the Turks. The only British regiment in the plain was the 93rd highlanders, with the exception of a battalion of detachments and a battery of ar- tillery, whilst the heights were occupied by the marines; and the whole of this force was under the immediate orders of Major- Gen. Sir Colin Campbell. The enemy commenced their operation by at- tacking the first, redoubt, mount- ing 7 guns, situated on a height near the village of Camara. After a short firing, the dastardly Turks fled down the hill in frightful dis- order, leaving the guns in posses- sion of the enemy. The other redoubts were alike abandoned, but in the three lesser ones the guns were spiked by the single English artilleryman in each. The Russian cavalry pursuing the fu- gitives, after cutting down great numbers, encountered the 93rd, under Lieut.-Col. Ainslie, who, dis- daining to form a square, awaited the attack in line ; and their well- directed fire so appalled the ene- my, that they wheeled off to the left. The larger mass having turned towards the British heavy cavalry, Brigadier- Gen. Scarlett gallantly charged with the Scots Greys and Enniskillens into the Russian column, which, though far superior in numbers, soon sought safety in flight. At a little after ten, Gen. Sir G. Cathcart, with the 4th division, took up a posi- tion covering Balaklava ; and the guards joined the highlanders un- der Sir Colin Campbell. Mean- while, -the enemy had established themselves in great strength in the valley with several heavy bat- teries, beyond which, were masses of cavalry. Opposite to this force were drawn up the 4th and 13th light dragoons, 8th and 11th hus- sars, and the 17th lancers, mus- tering together somewhat less than 700 sabres. From some miscon- ception of the instruction to ad- vance, Lieut. -Gen. Lord Lucan considered that he was bound to attack at all hazards. He accord- ingly directed Major-General the Earl of Cardigan to advance with the light brigade. That officer im- 320 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 26. mediately dashed forward under a murderous fire, cut down the gun- ners of a nine-gun battery, and then charged a strong body of horse ; and here the slaughter was frightful. Assailed by a large body of infantry, the men fell fast, but they had yet to encounter the destructive fire of the Russian bat- teries. At length the remnant of these gallant horsemen re-entered the British lines; and when mus- tered, some hours later, there were no more present than 185 sabres. The loss amounted to 13 officers, 156 men, killed or missing ; 21 officers, 197 men, wounded: mak- ing the total of killed, wounded, and missing of the light cavalry brigade on this day, 387, out of a force of less than 700 men. October 26. 1812. Passage of the Ca- bion. — In our relation of the pas- sage of Maucune’s division at Muriel, on the 24th of October, we omitted an instance of daring intrepidity on the part of a French dragoon, which enabled the enemy to pass the river. The effectual play of the mine had for an in- stant checked the advance of the French, when suddenly a horse- man, darting out at full speed from the column, rode down under a flight of bullets to the bridge, calling out that he was a deserter. He reached the edge of the chasm made by the explosion, and then violently checking his foaming steed, held up his hands, ex- claiming that he was a lost man, and, with hurried accents, asked if there were no ford near. The good-natured soldiers pointed to one, a little way off, and the gal- lant fellow having looked ear- nestly for a few moments, as if to fix the exact point, wheeled his horse round, kissed his hand in derision, and, bending over his saddle-bow, dashed back tohis own comrades, amidst showers of shot and shouts of laughter from both sides. The next moment Mau- cune’s column, covered by a fire of artillery, passed the river at the ford thus discovered, made some prisoners in the village, and lined the dry bed of the canal. Lord Wellington, who came up at this instant, immediately turned some guns upon the enemy, and desired that the village and canal might be retaken; directing one brigade under Gen. Barnes to attack the main body, while ano- ther brigade under Gen. Pringle cleared the canal, and at the same time strengthening the left with the Spanish troops and Brunswickers. A very sharp fire of artillery and musketry ensued, and the allies suffered some loss, especially by canon-shot, which from the other side of the river plumped into the reserves. The Spaniards got into confusion, and were falling back, when their fiery countryman, Miguel Alava, running to their heads with ex- hortation and example (for, though wounded, he would not retire), urged them forward to the fight. Finally, the enemy was driven over the river, the village was re-occupied in force, and the canal lined by the allied troops. Wellington made no delay, but keeping good watch upon the left of the Pisuerga, and knowing that the roads on the right bank were good, sent his baggage in the night to Valladolid; and with- drawing the troops before day- break on the 26th, made a march of sixteen miles to Cabezon; whence passing to the left of the Pisuerga, he barricaded and mined the bridge. Then, sending a de- tachment to hold the bridge of Tudela on the Duero behind him, October 27. CALENDxiR OF VICTORY. 321 he caused the 7th division, under Lord Dalhousie, to secure the bridges of Valladolid, Simancas, and Tordesillas. His retreat be- hind the Duero being thus as- sured, he again halted. 1854. Sortie from Sebasto- pol repulsed. — The Russians came out of the town on the morning of the 26th of October, with a force of from 6000 to 7000 men; and their masses, covered by skirmishers, advancing with much apparent confidence, at- tacked the 2nd division, com- manded by Lieut.-Gen. Sir De Lacy Evans. The British imme- diately formed line in front of their camp, the left under Major- Gen. Pennefather, and the right under Brig.-Gen. Adams; whilst the batteries opened fire upon the enemy. H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge soon brought up to their support the brigade of guards, under Major-Gen. Ben- tinck,witha battery under Lieut.- Col. Dacres; and the guards took .post in advance of the right of the 2nd division. With equal promptitude, and from a greater distance, Gen. Bosquet arrived with five French battalions; and Sir George Cathcart hastened up with a regiment of rifles, whilst Sir George Brown pushed for- ward two guns on the left. The enemy came on rapidly, assisted by their guns on the Mound-hill. Our pickets, chiefly of the 49th and 30th regiments, resisted them with much determination. Capts. BayleyandAtcherley,of the 30th, and Lieut. Conally, of the 49th, greatly distinguished themselves, and were among the wounded. Sergeant Sullivan also displayed at this point great bravery. Mean- while our eighteen guns in posi- tion were so well served, that in half an hour they forced their artillery to abandon the field. The batteries, now directed with equal vigour upon the enemy’s columns, which were also ex- posed to the close fire of our ad- vanced infantry, soon threw them into such complete disorder and flight, that they were literally chased by the 30th and 95th regi- ments over the ridges and down towards the head of the bay. They were similarly pursued on the right by four companies of the 41st, gallantly led by Lieut.- Col. Hon. P. Herbert, — the 47 th also contributing, whilst the 55th were held in reserve: 80 prisoners fell into our hands, and about 130 were left dead on the field. Their total loss is computed at 600 men. On the part of the English, 12 killed; 5 officers and 70 men wounded. Oetober 27. 1644. Battle op Newbury. — The parliamentary forces re- solved to make themselves masters of Newbury; but the king, suspect- ing their intention, determined to prevent them, by intrenching himself there. The Earl of Essex thereupon marched from Reading, and on 27 th of October attacked Charles’s intrenchments at two different points. The action was maintained with great spirit from four o’clock in the afternoon till night, when the assailants forced the lines in one place, and took several pieces of cannon ; but the darkness prevented their making use of that advantage. On the other side, they had been repulsed with considerable loss ; neverthe- less the king thought proper to retire during the night to Wal- lingford, leaving his artillery and baggage in the castle of Donning- ton, which the Earl of Manchester on the next day summoned to surrender. Charles retired un- Y 322 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 23. molested to Oxford, where, being ' joined by Prince Rupert, with the northern horse, as well as by the Earl of Northampton, and re- inforced by corps from different garrisons, he found himself at the head of 11,000 men, with whom he marched hack to Donnington, and drew up his army in order of battle between that castle and the town of Newbury. The enemy likewise appeared in battalia, hut they did not think proper to at- tack the king, who happily re- turned to Oxford, with ail his artillery, ammunition, and bag- gage. 1771. Reduction of Tan- joke. — On the breaking out of hostilities with Tanjore, a force under Colonel Smith, of which the first European Madras regi- ment and all the grenadiers of that corps formed part, was as- sembled near Trichinopoly ; and, having entered the enemy's coun- try in September, reached the capital of Tanjore on the 29th of the same month. After some skirmishes with the garrison, the place was invested ; and by the 27th of October a breach being practicable, the rajah came to terms, and the troops returned to Trichinopoly. 1776 . W hite Plains. — By the position of the king’s troops, they were masters of the lower road through Connecticut to Rhode Island and Boston ; but in order to dispossess the rebels of the upper road, General Howe determined to march to White Plains, to preserve which he was in hopes that General Washington would risk a battle. On the 25th October, the army moved in two columns, and took a position with the river Brunx in front, the right line being at the distance of four miles from White Plains. The rebels, on observing this, quitted 1 their detached camps, between Kingsbridge and White Plains, and assembled their whole force at the latter place, where they took post behind the intrench- ments that had been thrown up by their advanced corps. In these intrenched posts, they presented a front equal to the line of march of the royal army, which had the deep and rapid river Brunx run- ning between it and the enemy, and the North River at some dis- tance in their rear ; while Wash- ington had hilly ground behind him, to which he could retreat, and where the ruggedness of the country was such as to render pursuit impracticable. Whilst the royal army was on its march, the enemy sent detachments across the Brunx to harass the king’s troops. This occasioned frequent skirmishes in which the rebels were uniformly repulsed, and compelled to shelter themselves behind the river. The further ope- rations of the respective armies will be found in the following article. October 28. 1776. Battle of White Plains. — Gen. Howe, having re- connoitred the position of the rebel army, proceeded to the execution of his plan. Early on the morn- ing of the 28tli October, the royal | army, formed into two columns, j; marched towards the enemy, — the 1 right led by Lieut.-Gen. Clinton, || and the left by Lieut.-General J Heister. Before noon all the ene- 1 my’s advanced posts were driven* back to their works, by the light 1 infantry and chasseurs ; and the* army was formed, with the right* upon the road from Mamaroneckfl to White Plains, about a mile* from the centre of the enemy’s C lines, and the left to the Brunx, t October 28 . CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 323 nearly the same distance from the left flank of their intrenchments. A corps was posted on com- manding ground, separated from the right flank of Washington’s intrenchments by the Brunx, which, by changing its course nearly at right angles, also se- parated this corps in front from the left of the king’s army. Col. Rahl, who commanded a brigade of Hessians on the left, took pos- session of a height on the other side of the river, which com- manded the enemy’s left flank. A battalion of Hessians, sup- ported by the second brigade under Brigadier- Gen. Leslie, and the Hessian grenadiers, com- manded by Colonel Von Donop, passed the Brunx, to attack the enemy’s detached corps. Col. Rahl was to attack the enemy’s flank as the Hessian battalion ad- vanced in front. The 28th and 35th regiments, having forded the river, formed on the opposite bank with alacrity, although exposed to a severe fire; and ascending the steep hill in defiance of all opposition, rushed upon the ene- my with the bayonet, and drove them back to their own works. These battalions were soon sup- ported by the 5th and 49th regi- ; ments. The Hessian grenadiers, ; were then moved forward on the ' heights within cannon-shot of the enemy’s intrenchments, the Brunx, from its winding course, being still between them and their right flank. The second brigade formed | a little in rear of them, and the j two brigades of Hessians on the left of the second, with their left upon the road leading from | Tarrytown to White Plains. The [ right and centre of the British [ remaining in the same position, | the troops lay upon their arms i during the night, and, with little alteration, encamped on the fol- lowing day. The battalions en- gaged greatly distinguished them- selves, and the loss sustained was but small, when we consider the strongly fortified position to which they were opposed, de- fended by the rapid river Brunx. It was Gen. Howe’s intention to have followed up his success and attack the enemy’s army on the morning of the 29th; but when daylight came, it was discovered that they had fallen back to another strongly fortified line of works. 1811. French surprised at Aroyo Molino. — Information having reached Gen. Hill, that the French division of Girard, had halted on the 27th October, at Aroyo Molino, he by a forced march reached Alcuesca in the night, being within a league of the former place. This village was situated in a plain, and behind it a sierra, or ridge of rocks, rose in the form of a crescent. At two o’clock on the morning of the 28th, the troops formed into three bodies. The left column marched straight upon Aroyo, the right moved towards the extreme point of the sierra, and the cavalry kept its due place between them both. One brigade of Girard’s division having marched at four o’clock, was already safe ; but Dombrowski’s brigade, and the cavalry of Briche, were still in the place. Girard was in his quarters, when two English officers galloped down the street. In an instance all was in confusion. A thick mist rolled over the craggy mountain, when, with a terrifying shout, came the 71st and 92nd regiments charging down. Then the French rearguard of cavalry, fighting and struggling hard, were driven to the end of the village; and the infantry hastily forming their squares, covered the main 324 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 29 body of the horsemen, which gathered on their left. The guns soon opened upon the Erench squares; and whilst the 13th dra- goons captured their artillery, the 9th dragoons and German hussars charged and routed their cavalry with great loss. Nevertheless Girard, although wounded, still kept his infantry together, and continued his retreat by the Truxillo road ; but being closely pursued, they dispersed in the mountains; and eventually 600 men, the remains of 3000, joined Drouet on 9th November. The trophies of this victory were 1300 prisoners, all their artillery, baggage, and commissariat. The loss of the allies was not more then seventy men killed and wounded. October 29 . 1710. Reduction of St. Ve- nant. — On the 6th October St. Venant was invested by the Prince of Orange, with 20 bat- talions and 5 squadrons. The heavy artillery and ammunition for the siege were embarked on the same morning at Menin, under a guard of several battalions from the neighouring garrisons, with a detachment of horse from the army ; and this convoy was to be landed at Marville. St. Venant, situated on the Lys, was small, and protected only by ramparts of earth, forming nearly a regu- lar hexagon, but rendered diffi- cult of approach by marshes and inundations. It was garrisoned by 2700 men, under Brigadier Selve. While Marlborough was anxiously expecting the arrival of the convoy from Menin, he re- ceived information that it had been surprised and destroyed by the enemy. Notwithstanding this serious loss, and the difficulty of the approaches, St. Venant was in a few days reduced to extre- mity, and capitulated on 29th of October. 1781. Siege of Negapatam. — Although the season for mili- tary operations had far advanced, and the shift of the monsoon was at hand, Sir Hector Munroe de- termined to invest Negapatam. On 21st October, 3200 of the Company’s troops were atNagore, and Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes landed the marines of the squadron, amounting to 443 men, who immediately joined the army, which on the 22nd was reinforced by 827 seamen, under Capt. T. Mackenzie of the Active, with four 24-pounders, twelve 18- pounders, two 12-pounders, two 10-inch, and six 5j-ineh mortars. Sir Hector having invested the place in the best manner his scanty force would admit, deem- ed it expedient to allow the enemy as little time as possible to recover from the surprise and terror into which the arrival of the British fleet had thrown them. Having made all the proper ar- rangements on the night of the 29th October, he stormed and carried the strong fortifications which the enemy had thrown up, flanked by redoubts, covering and defending the approach to the town. The subsequent opera- tions, which led to the reduction of the place, are related in the Calendar of 11th November. 1791. Reduction of Der a.m- poury. — Reports of a force in the Baramaul having reached Lord Cornwallis, he no sooner possess- ed himself of the important for- tress of Nundy Durgum than he moved with celerity to the east- ] ward, detaching Lieut.-Col. Max- | well with three battalions, to be joined by a fourth at Rayacotta, into the Baramaul, with orders to October 30. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 325 attack any force of the enemy he might find in that quarter. The Colonel, by forced marches, reach- ed Derampoury on the 29th Oc- tober, when the place instantly surrendered, the principal people and most of the garrison having fled upon the approach of our troops. October 30. 1419. The town of Meulan, on the river Seine, 28 miles NW. of Paris, surrendered to Henry V. on the 30th October. The walls of the town having been rendered accessible to the be- siegers, the garrison, aware of this circumstance, agreed to de- liver up the place on the 30th of October, if not relieved before that period, and on that day, the English were put in possession of the place. 1812. On the 28th October, Gen. Souham, with a view to dislodge the allies, by turning their left, endeavoured to force the bridges at Valladolid and Simancas on the Pisuerga, and that of Tordesillas on the Duero. The first was easily defended by the main body of the 7th division; but Halket, finding the French strong at the second, destroyed it, and detached the regiment of Brunswick Oels to ruin that of Tordesillas. This was effected, and a tower behind the ruins was occupied by a detachment, while the remainder took post in a wood at some distance. The French soon arrived, and, in order to at- tack the post on the opposite bank, sixty officers and non-com- missioned officers, headed by Capt. Guingret, having formed a small raft to hold their arms and clothes, plunged into the stream, holding their swords with their teeth, and swimming, pushed the raft before them. Under protection of a cannonade, they thus crossed this great river, though it was very cold weather ; and having reached the other side, naked as they were, stormed the tower, and remained masters of the bridge. Welling- ton, after destroying the bridges at V alladolid and Cabe 9 on, crossed the Duero at Tudela and Puente de Duero on the 29th ; but scarcely had he effected this operation, when intelligence of Guingret’s splendid enterprise at Tordesillas reached him. With the instant decision of a great captain, he marched by his left, and having reached the heights of Rueda and Tordesillas on the 30th, fronted the enemy, and thus arrested further progress on that point. The bridges of Toro and Zamora were now destroyed, and the junction with Hill’s army en- sured. Drouet passed the Tagus on the 29th, at the abandoned fords of Fuente Duenas and Villa Maurique. Meanwhile Soult, whose divisions were coming fast up to Ocaha, restored the bridge of Aranjuez, and passed the Tagus also with his advanced guard. On the 30th, he attacked Gen. Cole, who commanded at the Puente Larga, with several regi- ments, and some guns ; but though the mines failed, and the French attempted to carry the bridge with the bayonet, they were vigorously repulsed by the 47tli regiment, under Col. Sker- rit. After a heavy cannonade and a sharp musketry, which cost the allies sixty men, Soult relin- quished the attempt, and awaited the arrival of his main body. Had the Puente Larga been forced, the fourth division, which was at Ahover, would have been cut off from Madrid ; but the weather being thick and rainy, Soult could not discover what supporting force 326 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 31< was on the high land of Valde- moro, behind the bridge, and, therefore, was reluctant to move forward with precipitation. October 31. 1752. Capture of Covelong and Chingleput. — After the victory of Bahoor in August, Major Lawrence recommended the reduction of Chingleput and Covelong. A force of 200 Eu- ropean recruits of the first Madras European regiment and 500 un- disciplined sepoys, was accord- ingly sent from Madras, and Clive volunteered to command them. On the 10th September, the party marched against Cove- long with four 24-pounders; but before the guns had been placed in battery, the place surrendered. On the next morning a party of the enemy advancing to the re- lief of the place, the detachment marched out to meet them, and, moving boldly to the attack, de- livered their fire with such pre- cision that upwards of one hun- dred men were knocked over by the first volley. The commanding officer, twenty-five Europeans, and 250 sepoys, with two field- pieces, being captured in a charge that instantly followed, the rest threw away their arms and fled towards Chingleput, whither Clive immediately followed them. On his arrival before that place he commenced to batter the walls, and, a breach having been made on 31st October, the fort sur- rendered. The capture of these two places, effected against a superior force by a handful of recruits and a few undisciplined sepoys, completed the reduction of all the country north of the Paliar river between Sadras and Arcot. The works at Covelong were blown up ; but those of Chingleput being repaired, the fort was garrisoned by the Bri- tish. 1763. Siege of Mongheer. — Major Adams having encamped within four miles of Patna on 25th October, ordered the neces- sary preparations for the siege of that place, in which Cossim Ali Cawm had left 10,000 men, — he himself, with a small army, being encamped at Bieram, about ten coss to the westward. On the 28th, the English forces were in a strong position on the con- fines of the suburbs of Patna, almost entirely surrounded by a high bank and ditch, within two miles of the walls of the city. On the night of the 30th, some shells were thrown to divert the enemy’s attention, whilst a bat- tery was erected on the bank of the river, to batter the curtain near the north-east angle towards the river. On the morning of the 31st, the battery had just been completed, when the enemy made a sortie with a large force of sepoys, and advanced under cover of the mud walls and hollow ways very near to the battery before they w r ere discovered. Our sepoys abandoning their post, the enemy took easy possession, and blew up the magazine. Capt. Smith, commanding the advanced posts, instantly repaired to the spot, and retook the battery. A detach- ment of fifty grenadiers, a bat- talion of sepoys, and two pieces of cannon also arrived in time to repel a second attack, which the enemy made w r ith great de- termination ; and they were close- ly followed to the ditch, although the besiegers were exposed to a smart fire from the walls of the fortress. 1791. Reduction of Pinagra. — Our flags of truce having been fired upon by the garrison of EFovemfeer 1. CALENDAR OF VICTORY, 327 Pinagra, it was determined to force the south gate. On the 31st October, guns were brought up to the edge of the ditch, un- der the fire of a covering party, and three rounds discharged, but without effect. Ladders were therefore applied, and the first and second walls escaladed, the assailants driving the enemy about 300 paces from the works ; and before the firing ceased, 150 of them were killed or wounded. The walls were then breached, so as to render the fort untenable. The only loss sustained by the detachment was six men wounded. Uovember 3L> 1803. Battle of Laswaree. General Lake, having subdued Agra on the 17th of October, marched against the battalions sent by Scindiah from the Deccan, which had been reinforced by the relics of Bourquin’s army. After a tedious pursuit, he came up wfith them at sunrise on the 1st of November, and, believing them to be in full retreat, ordered his cavalry to intercept their flight. But the Mahrattas, instead of re- tiring, had taken up a very strong position; their right resting on the fortified village of Laswaree, their left on the village of Mohaulpore, and their front lined with seventy- five pieces of cannon, chained to- gether so as to resist the charge of cavalry. Scindiah’s horse evinced the utmost reluctance to come into action, hut the infantry, which had been trained by French officers, fought with desperate bravery that nothing could sub- due. The greater part of these gallant fellows refused to surren- der, and fell where they had stood, with arms in their hands. The battle of Laswaree cost the English more than eight hundred men, in killed and wounded; but the victory completely destroyed Scindiah’s power in Northern India; whilst other British corps as completely reduced the dis- tricts of Kuttack and Bundle- cund. 1811. Affair at Cape Pali- nuro. — Capt. Duncan of the Im- perieuse frigate, having made ap- plication to Lieut.-Gen. Maitland, commanding in Sicily, for a de- tachment of troops to co-operate with the naval forces in an attack on ten Neapolitan gun-boats, to- gether with a number of merchant vessels lying in the harbour of Pafinuro, Major Darby, with two hundred and fifty men of the 62nd regiment, embarked for that ser- vice on the 28th of October. The prevalence of a south-west gale prevented the debarkation of the troops with the detachments of marines of the Imperieuse and Thames, together with a party of seamen, until the 1st of Novem- ber, when the whole, under Capt. Charles Napier of the Thames, landed at the back of the harbour. The British then moved forward, and carried the height under a smart fire from the French, who had assembled in force to oppose them. Soon after dark the enemy made an effort to regain their po- sition, but were compelled to retire by the well-directed fire of the as- sailants. Capt. Duncan finding that nothing could be effected on the battery on the land side, and that a strong tower protected the vessels on the beach, Capt. Napier rejoined the Thames. On the morning of the 2nd, the frigates bore up at the commencement of the sea-breeze, and running along the line of gun-boats within half musket-shot, sunk two, and the rest surrendered. The ships then anchoring close to the fort, it was 328 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. KTovember 2. silenced in less than fifteen mi- nutes, and immediately taken possession of by a party of sea- men and marines, headed by Lieut. Travers, who had gallantly pushed down the hill on seeing the ships stand in. The guns of the fort being thrown into the sea, and the gun-boats and other vessels secured, which was not accomplished until the 3rd, the troops, who had remained in undisturbed possession of the heights, re-embarked, and the tower, together with two batteries, were blown up. In effecting this dashing enterprise, the British sustained the loss of Lieut. Kay, of the 62nd, and 4 men killed; Lieut. Pipon, of the marines and 10 men wounded. II ovember 2. 1803. Immediately after the capture of Barrabutee, a detach- ment composed of native infantry, with two 6 -pounders, and a party of European artillery, under Ma- jor Forbes, was sent to force the pass of Bermuth, the only passage through the mountains which se- parate Cuttack from the Berar territories. Bermuth was forced on the 2nd of November, the enemy escaping with difficulty into Berar across the hills. The Rajah of Bood, and Ranah of Sonapore, at the same time sent to Major Forbes, offering submis- sion to the British government. 1840. Defeat of Afghans. — Dost Mohammed, having es- caped from the clutches of the King of Bokhara, began to levy troops for the avowed purpose of expelling the English and Shah Soojah from Afghanistan. Ac- counts were received at the same time that Khelat, which had been so gallantly taken by Gen. Wilt- shire in the preceding year, had been retaken by the son of its late ruler, Mehrab Khan, and that the Beloochees were rising to join in an attack on the English. It was, however, difficult to obtain any correct information of the motions of the enemy, so com- pletely had the insurgents closed up every source of intelligence. On the night of the 17th of Sep- tember, Dost Mohammed actually slept within three miles of the English camp, and the knowledge of his proximity was derived from the appearance of some hundreds of Uzbeks on the heights, at the dawn of the following morning. Brigadier Dennie, who command- ed the detachment at Bameean, though his force did not amount to one thousand men, composed entirely of native corps, resolved at once to attack the enemy, whose army amounted to more than eight times his own. The Uzbeks dispersed at the first charge, and suffered severely from the active pursuit of the cavalry; and the baggage, standards, and their only piece of artillery, were captured. A series of petty ex- peditions against the chiefs en- gaged the attention of the British during the greater part of the summer, until intelligence wns received that the khan had suc- ceeded in assembling a new army, and taken post at Purwan. On the 2nd of November, a detach- ment under Col. Salter, advanced against this position; and learn- ing that Dost Mohammed was endeavouring to escape through the hills, two squadrons were des- patched to intercept the fugitives, accompanied by the political agent Doctor Percival Lord. As the cavalry approached the enemy, an unexpected resistance being made, the men, seized with an un- accountable panic, galloped back to the rest, leaving their officers November 3. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 329 without protection. Dr. Lord and three officers were killed, and others severely wounded. In the confusion Dost Mohammed con- trived to effect his escape. November 3. 1817. Brit is hat Kirkee. — As the position of the British canton- ments was very unfavourable, Mr. Elphinstone moved the few forces he had at his disposal to the vil- lage of Kirkee, which had been early pointed out by Gen. Smith as the best post that could be occu- pied, in case of the apprehended rupture. The Mahrattas believed that the British had withdrawn through fear, and were encou- raged by that persuasion. The abandoned cantonment was plun- dered ; an officer was attacked, wounded, and robbed in open day ; the language of the Peish- wa’s ministers became insulting; and parties of horse pushed for- ward to the British lines, as if in defiance. It was evident that hostilites could not be long de- layed; and on the 3rd November, Mr. Elphinstone directed the light battalion, and a body of auxiliary horse, stationed at Sc- roor, to march upon, Poonah. When this intelligence reached the Peishwa, he resolved that his troops should be called into action. No part of the Mahratta army was visible from the British resi- dency, excepting bodies of infan- try which were assembling along the tops of the adjoining heights, with the intention of cutting off the residency from the camp. A mass of cavalry covered nearly the whole extent of the plain which bounded the city of Poonah on the east. Perceiving that efforts were making to cut off his com- munication, Mr. Elphinstone re- tired to Kirkee, at the same time sending orders to Lieut.- Col. Burr to attack the Peishwa’s army. The particulars of the battle that ensued on the 5th November will be found under that date. 1840. Surrender of Dost Mohammed. — Dost Mohammed Khan was supposed to have fled to Kohistan, which was ripe for revolt ; but on the evening of the day after the battle near Ba- mcean, which took place oil the 2nd November, lie surrendered himself to Sir Wm. M‘Naghten, the British resident at Cabul. Whilst Sir William was taking his ride, a gentleman passing the cortege rode suddenly up, and said, “Are you the envoy? Then here is the Ameer Dost Moham- med Khan,” — and in an instant the ex-chief alighted from his horse, claiming protection. The scene was electrical : the Dost was requested to remount, and the cavalcade having reached the gateway, both chiefs alighted. The envoy then took his arm and led him through the garden up to the house. Here, seated in a room where, the year before, he was the monarch, he delivered up his sword, observing that he had no further use for it, but the envoy begged him to retain it. November 4. 1763. Siege of Mongheer. — The operations having com- menced on 3rd October, were prosecuted with vigour. On 1st November, a battery of four 18- pounders and an 8- inch howitzer soon silenced the enemy’s can- non on that point, and in the evening the besiegers began to breach the curtain ; whilst an- other battery bore upon the east gateway and its demi-bastions. On the 2nd, the breaching bat- 330 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 5 teries continued their fire; and on the 3rd, other batteries being completed, the cannonade was incessant. On the 4th, a battery for three 18-pounders was com- menced, to take off all the enemy’s defences at the east gate and to the southward of it, and one 18-pounder, to breach the mud bastion, in conjunction with an- other battery of two guns, erect- ed near, — the ground not ad- mitting the whole being placed together. During the night the enemy repaired the mud bastion and the inside of the breach with sand-bags. The whole front at- tacked, was so cleared of the enemy as to permit an inspection of the ditch opposite to the breach, which was nearly full of water, except on the right, where a mud bank, thrown up to keep in the water, afforded a passage across. In the evening, a body of horse appeared in rear of our encampment; but, being attacked by the cavalry and some sepoys, w«ere soon compelled to retire, with loss. 1794. Siege of Nimegtten. — On Tuesday, the 4th Novem- ber, in the afternoon, as the enemy had commenced construct- ing their batteries, Count Wul- moden made a sortie, with a party of the troops in Nimeguen, consisting of the 8th, 27th, 28th, 55th, 63rd, and 78th regiments of British infanty, under the com- mand of Major- Gen. De Burgh, and two battalions of Dutch, sup- ported by 7th and 15th British dragoons, the Hanoverian horse, and one squadron from the 2nd Hanoverian, one from the 5th, one from the 1 Oth, and the legion De Damas. The troops advanced to the enemy’s trenches under a heavy fire, and jumped into them without returning a shot. The enemy lost 500 men almost en- tirely by the bayonet. The sortie had the effect of checking the ene- my’s operations, and it was not until the morning of the 6th that they reopened their fire from two batteries upon the bridge and one upon the town. November 5. 1817. Battle of Kerkee. — Lieut.-Col. Burr advanced to the attack of the Mahrattas on the 5th November. Gokla, leading on his troops, rode from rank to rank, employing exhortations, praises, taunts, as he thought most effectual ; but the Peish- wa’s heart failed him, and, after the troops had advanced, he sent a message to Gokla “ not to fire the first gun.” At this moment the British were forming in order of battle, and their guns unlim- bering, when Gokla, observing the messenger from the Peishwa, whose errand he suspected, com- menced the attack by opening a battery of nine guns, — at the same time detaching a strong corps of rocket camels to the right, and pushing forward his cavalry on each flank. The Bri- tish were nearly surrounded by the enemy’s horse ; but their in- fantry, owing to this rapid ad- vance, were left considerably in the rear, except a regular bat- talion under a Portuguese named de Pinto, which, having formed with great steadiness, was sud- denly charged by the English sepoys, who by this impetuous movement became detached from the line. Gokla led forward a select body of 6000 horse to take advantage of their imprudence ; but Col. Burr fortunately per- ceived the moving mass in time to stop the pursuit of the routed Portuguese. Unknown to either party there was a deep slough in November 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 331 front of the British left ; the fore- most of the Mahratta cavalry rolled over in the marsh, and many others, before they could be pulled up, tumbled over those in front. The sepoys now poured in their reserved fire on this mass with dreadful effect, throwing them into such confusion that the few horsemen who came in con- tact with the bayonets were easily repulsed. A company of Europeans arriving up to support the sepoys, the British line ad- vanced, and the Mahrattas fled from the field. This decisive vic- tory was won by the British over ten times their number, with a loss of only eighty -three in killed and wounded ; whilst the Mah- rattas lost more than five hundred. 1854. Battle of Inkermann. — Since the victorious successes of the allies on the 25th and 26th October, before Sebastopol, as re- lated under these respective dates, the operations of the siege con- tinued to be carried on with un- tiring energy, despite the vigorous efforts of the enemy to impede them. During this interval the Russian army had been consider- ably increased by reinforcements from Odessa and other quarters, and by the 4th of November their whole strength in the Crimea had augmented to about 80,000 men. It had rained almost incessantly during the night ; and towards dawn on Sunday the 5th, a heavy fog settled down on the heights, and on the valley of Inkermann. About 5 o’clock, the men in our camps were endeavouring to light their fires for breakfast, when the alarm was given that the Russians were advancing in force; and soon was heard the rattle of musketry, as the pickets of the 2nd division fell back before the masses of the enemy, clambering up the steep sides of the hills. The pickets of the light division being now assailed, were also compelled to retire ; and it was evident that a sortie had been made from Sebastopol, with the object of forcing the allies to raise the siege. Meanwhile a de- monstration was made by their cavalry and artillery, with a small body of infantry, against Bala- klava, to divert the attention of the French on the heights above, and to occupy the highland bri- gade and marines ; but only a few harmless rounds of cannon and musketry took place. The enemy’s principal object being to assault our right, their cavalry, supported by field artillery, were drawn up in order of battle, ready to sweep over the heights, and annihilate the retreating troops, should their attempt prove successful. Such was the state of things, when the 2nd division, under Major-Gen. Pennefather (to whom the illness of Sir De Lacy Evans had for the time given the command), with its field guns, was placed in position. The brigade of Gen. Adams, consisting of 41st, 47th, and 49th regiments, was pushed on to the brow of the hill, to check the advance of the enemy by the road through the brushwood from the valley; whilst the other bri- gade, composed of the 30th, 55th, and 95th regiments, operated on their flanks. They were at once met with a tremendous fire of shot and shell, from at least 40 pieces of artillery, pasted on the high grounds in advance of our right. Lieut.- Gen. Sir George Cathcart, having turned out as many of his division as were not employed in the trenches, led the portions of the 20th, 21st, 46th, 57th, 63rd and 68th regiments, under Brigadiers Torrens and Goldie, against the enemy, to- wards the left of the ground oc- 332 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 5. cupied by the 2nd division. Lieut.-Gen. Sir George Brown had now rushed up to the front with the remnant of the light division, consisting of 7th, 19th, 23rd, and 88th regiments, under Brigadiers Codrington and Bul- ler; and as they moved across the ground of the 2nd division, they were at once brought under fire by an unseen enemy — for the gloomy character of the morning was un- changed. While the whole army was thus in motion, the Duke of Cambridge led up the brigade of guards, under Brigadier Bentinck ; and these splendid troops rapidly rushing to the front on the right of the 2nd division, gained the summit of the hills, towards which two columns of the Rus- sians were struggling in the closest order, which the nature of the ground would only admit. The 3rd division under Major- Gen. Sir R. England, formed the reserve ; nevertheless one portion of it, comprising the 50th, part of the 28th and of the 4th regi- ments, were engaged before the fight was over. And now com- menced one of the most despe- rate struggles ever witnessed, — where the bayonet was often the only weapon employed in con- flicts of the most obstinate and deadly character. About 7 o’clock, as Lord Raglan reached the scene of action, the incessant roar of cannon and musketry told that the engagement was at its height. As the fog cleared, the enemy opened a destructive fire upon the camp of the 2nd division, until two 1 8-pounders were brought to bear upon them, un- der the able direction of Col. Gambier, and, when that officer was wounded, by his successor, Col. Dickson. The effective fire of these pieces, which elicited the admiration of the army, greatly contributed in deciding the fate of the day; but long ere these guns were brought up, there had been great slaughter on both sides. Whilst the 4th division was sharply engaged with a strong column of the enemy, it was discovered that a large body of them had gained the top of the hill in rear of the right. Sir George Cathcart, cheering his scattered regiments, fell as he led them back under a murderous fire, by which Brigadier Goldie and many other officers were either killed or mortally wounded. The conflict on the right was equally severe. In the light divi- sion, the 88th had so far advanced that they became nearly sur- rounded, when four companies of the 77th regiment, under Major Stratton, charged the Russians and relieved their comrades ; and it was about this time that Sir George Brown received a ball through his arm, which stuck in his side. Further to the right, a contest, the like of which rarely if ever took place, was maintain- ed between the guards and dense columns of Russian infantry; but the indomitable prowess of that daring band prevailed over five times their own number. They had no sooner gallantly repulsed the enemy, than they found themselves outflanked, having no support, no reserve, and were struggling with the bayonet against antagonists who stoutly contested every inch of ground. Thus assailed, another Russian column appeared on the right, and far in their rear. Then such a fearful discharge of musketry was poured into the guards, that, after a severe struggle, in which twelve officers were among the numerous slain, they retired along the lower valley; but, being speedily rein- forced, desperately avenged their November 5. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 333 heavy loss. At about 10 o’clock, a division of French infantry, amounting to about 6000 men, led by Gen. Bosquet, joined on the right; and his two advanced battalions, cheering as they moved forward 'with our men, contri- buted to the successful resistance of the attack, and zealously as- sisted in driving the enemy down the slope with great loss. Mean- while a desperate attempt was made upon our left, and for a moment the enemy gained pos- session of four of our guns,— three of which were recaptured by the 88th, while the fourth was taken by the 77th regiment. Soon after the enemy attacked our right a sortie was made by a corps of from 5000 to 6000 men, on the extreme left of the allies, and, under cover of the fog, attacked the trenches and penetrated into two batteries, but they were gra- dually repulsed by the force un- der Gen. De la Motte Rouge ; and Gen. Forey arriving up with his division, the enemy were driven back with a loss of about 1000 men killed and wounded. The battle continued with unabated vigour until nearly two o’clock, the enemy bringing upon our line not only the fire of all their field batteries, but those in front of the works of the place, and from their ships. The retreat then became general, and heavy masses were observed retiring over the bridge of the Inkermann or ascending the opposite heights, abandoning on the field of battle above 5000 dead and wounded, — multitudes of the latter having been carried off by the retiring army ; and their total loss has been stated from 10,000 to 15,000 hors de combat. The force brought into the field has been computed at 60,000 men; but taking it at 45,000, as given in the Russian official report, this overwhelming army, in spite of re- peated efforts, was effectually re- sisted, and finally defeated, by no more than eight thousand British, and 6000 French troops. But it must not be concealed, that the nature of the position signally favoured our defence ; and as the configuration of the ground did not admit of any great develop- ment of the enemy’s force, the attack was confined to a system of repeated assaults in heavy masses. The same narrowness of front which secured the victory of Agincourt, against even greater disparity of numbers, was equally efficacious towards the repulse ot the Russians at Inkermann. The loss of the British in this glorious struggle amounted to no less than 43 officers, 32 sergeants, 387 rank and file, killed; 103 officers, 122 sergeants, 1727 rank and file, wounded; 1 officer, 6 sergeants, 191 rank and file, missing. •Of this number, the brigade of guards had no less than 78 killed, 405 wounded, and 199 missing, — making a total of 682, out of less than 1600 men. Among the killed were Lieut.-General Sir George Cathcart, Brigadier-Gens. Strangways and Goldie; and among the wounded, Lieut. -Gen. Sir George Brown, Major- Gens. Bentinck and Codrington, and Brigadiers Adams, Torrens, and Buller. Summary. British. Killed - - 462 Wounded - - 1952 Missing - - 197 2611 French. Killed, wounded, and missing - 1726 Total 4337 334 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 6, TJovember 6. 1763. Siege of Mongheer. — On the morning of the 5th No- vember, two new batteries were opened with good success, the whole front attacked being cleared of the enemy. The mud bastion was sufficiently breached, and the repairs of the breach in the cur- tain demolished. At night, the party at the batteries, consisting of one hundred Europeans and a battalion of sepoys, was re- inforced with two European gre- nadier companies, completed to eighty men each, five companies of grenadier sepoys, the former commanded by Capt. Irwin, of His Majesty’s 84th regiment, and the latter by Capt. Trevanion, with a battalion of sepoys, and the whole under the orders of Major Sherlock, who commanded the attack. This corps was to keep up a constant fire on both breaches during the night, and storm at daylight. The fascines and scaling ladders being placed in front of the battery, on the morning of the 6th, at half-past five o’clock, the European and sepoy grenadiers entered the breach without any difficulty; but the enemy afterwards made such a stout resistance that it cost them fifteen hundred men. As soon as the attack commenced, Major Adams marched the line to sustain it, and in two hours the fortress was in possession of the assailants, whose loss was but comparatively trifling. Among the wounded were Capts. Irwin (mortally), Champion, Stibbert, and Galiez, and Lieut. Scotland. Cossim Ali Cawn was at Bieram on the day of the attack ; but on the receipt of the news, he immediately retired with preci- pitation to Lassarum, and drew out all his treasure and valuable effects from Rotas, with which he proceeded to the banks of the Camiannassa, the confines of the province. 1812. Relative Position of the hostile Armies. — On the 1st November, the bulk of Soult’s army being assembled at Getafe, he sent scouting parties in all directions to feel for the allies and to ascertain the direction, of their march. On the 2nd, the army of the centre and that of the south were reunited not far from Madrid ; but Hill was then in full retreat for the Guadarama, covered by a powerful rear- guard under general Cole. On the 3rd, Soult pursued the allies, and the king, entering Madrid, placed a garrison in the Retiro for the protection of his court and of the Spanish families at- tached to his cause. On the 4th, Joseph rejoined Soult at the Guadarama 'with his guards, which always moved as a se- parate body. Gen. Hill was moving upon Arevalo, slowly followed by the French, when fresh orders from Wellington, founded on new combinations, changed the direction of his march. Souham had repaired the bridge of Toro on the 4th, several days sooner than the En- glish general had expected ; and thus, when he was keenly watch- ing for the arrival of Hill on the Adaja, that he might suddenly join and attack Soult, his designs were again baffled ; for he dared not make such a movement lest Souham, possessing both Toro and Tordesillas, should fall upon his rear. Neither could he bring up Hill to the Duero and attack Souham, because he had no means to pass that river; and meanwhile Soult, moving by Fontiveros, would reach the Tonnes. Seeing then that his combinations had November 7. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 335 failed, and his central position no longer available either for offence or defence, he directed Hill to gain Alba de Tonnes at once by the road of Eontiveros, and on the 6th he fell back him- self from his position in front of Tordesillas, by Naval del Rey and Pituega, to the heights of San Christoval. “ Joseph, thinking to prevent Gen. Hill’s junction with Wellington, had gained Arevalo by the Segovia road on the 5th -and 6th November; and, for the first time since he had quitted Valencia, the king obtained news of the army of Portugal. One hundred thousand combatants, of which above twelve thousand were cavalry, with a hundred and thirty pieces of artillery, were thus assembled on those plains over which, three months before, Marmont had marched with so much confidence to his own de- struction. Soult, then expelled from Andalusia by Marmont’s defeat, was now, after having made half the circuit of the Pen- insula, come to drive into Por- tugal that very army whose vic- tory had forced him from the south ; and thus, as Wellington had foreseen and foretold, the acquisition of Andalusia, poli- cally important and useful to the cause, proved injurious to him- self at the moment, inasmuch as the Erench had concentrated a mighty power, from which it re- quired both skill and fortune to escape. Meanwhile the Spanish armies, let loose by this union of all the Erench troops, kept aloof, or, coming to aid, were found a burden rather than a help.” — Napier. November 7. 1813. On the 6th and 7th of November, Wellington moved Sir Rowland Hill’s division from Roncesvalles to the Bastan, with the intention of attacking Soult, leaving Mina on the position of Altobiscar and in the Alluides. The other corps had also received their orders, and the battle was to commence on the 8th; but Gen. Ereyre suddenly declared that, unable to subsist on the moun- tains, he must withdraw a part of his troops. This was a scheme to obtain provisions from the En- glish magazines, and it was suc- cessful, but this compliance only served the purpose of the moment. When this difficulty was sur- mounted, heavy rains caused the attack to be again deferred; but on the 1 Oth, ninety thousand com- batants of all arms and ranks, above seventy-four thousand being Anglo-Portuguese, descended to the battle, and with them went ninety-five pieces of artillery, added to which were 4500 cavalry. November 3. 1710. Reduction of Aire. — Having reconnoitred the army of Villars, and found that his posi- tion was unassailable, the confe- derate generals proceeded against Aire and St. Venant, whose situa- tion admitted of a simultaneous investment. After a march of three days, they took post to cover the intended operation; the right, under Eugene, stretching to the Lys near Terouenne, and the left under Marlborough, to Lillcrs on the Lave. On the 6th the two places were invested; the attack of Aire was confided to the Prince of Anhalt, with 40 bat- talions and 40 squadrons. The heavy artillery and ammunition for the siege were embarked the same morning at Menin, under a guard of several battalions from the neighbouring garrisons, and a 336 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 9. detachment of horse from the army; this convoy was to be landed at Murville near St. Ve- nant on the west. The town of Aire, situated on the Lys, was for- tified by regular bastions, half- moons, and hornworks, and the ditches inundated by the waters of the Lys. It had a garrison of 14 battalions and three regiments of dragoons, under the command of the brave and skilful Gen. De Guebriant. At a little distance from the town was the fort of St. Francis, small, but strongly and regularly fortified; and both the town and the fort were protected by marshes and inundations. While the two generals were anxiously expecting the arrival of the convoy from Menin, they re- ceived information of its having been surprised and destroyed by the enemy. Notwithstanding this disaster St. Venant capitulated on the 29th October. Aire, how- ever, maintained a vigorous and protracted defence, and the reduc- tion of this petty place was not accomplished until the 8th of November, when the garrison, amounting to 3628 men and 1600 sick, surrendered. This conquest was purchased dearly by the allies ; their loss in killed and wounded amounted to no less than 7000 men, exclusive of sick. 1791. Fort Kistnagerry taken. — The detachment, con- sisting of four battalions, under Lieut.-Col. Maxwell, from the army of Lord Cornwallis, to at- tack any force of the enemy he might find in the Baramaul, after reducing Pinagra, arrived within four miles of Kistnagerry on the 7th November. On the advanced guard arriving up, a body of five or six hundred troops, with stan- dards, were drawn up in good order between the fort and the detachment, but the force with- drew on the approach of our line. Col. Maxwell, finding that the pettah had not been deserted, de- termined to attack it during the night. The position being recon- noitred in the afternoon, two parties moved at midnight in different directions. The walls were escaladed both to the right and left at the same time, and in fifteen minutes the pettah and lower fort, which had been de- fended by two hundred regular troops and a large body of Peons, were completely in possession of the assailants. Such of the fugi- tives as attempted to gain the rock were pursued by our troops, and many slain. A gun placed on the road was spiked, and the lower fort and pettah set on fire by the English, whose loss amounted to 6 killed, 69 wounded, and three missing. November 9. 1412. St. Cloud taken. — Henry IV., having sent divers lords and knights, with 1200 archers, under the Earls Arundel and Angus, to the assistance of the Duke of Burgundy in France, in support of his faction in that country against the Duke of Orleans, they marched towards Paris; and on the 9th of Novem- ber, after a sharp contest, the English took the town and bridge of St. Cloud: 900 soldiers were slain or drowned, and among 400 prisoners who were taken, was Sir Manserd de Bos, who was after- wards put to death, as were divers others, which the Burgundians bought of the Englishmen, as trai- tors to their country. After ano- ther action, which took place shortly afterwards, the Earl of Angus refused to do the like by his prisoners, answering for him- self and the rest of the English- men, that they would rather all November 10. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 337 die on the spot than suffer their prisoners to be used otherwise than as men of war ought to be ; that their lives should be saved and ransomed according to the laws of arms. The Duke of Burgundy now triumphing over the Duke of Orleans, the English returned home with his hearty thanks and liberal rewards. 1580. The Pope having suc- coured the Earl of Desmond, in his rebellion against Elizabeth, by sending him Italian, Spanish, and other troops, a portion of this force landed on the west coast of Ireland and intrenched them- selves in a fort called Castel del Ore. Lord Grey of Wilton, sent by Elizabeth to Ireland, hear- ing of their having landed, marched towards them, and at the same time the Swift, the Tyger, the Aid, and the Merlin, with other Queen’s ships, arrived on the coast with munitions of war. On the 7th November, his lordship invested the fortress, and on the 9th, the garrison was com- pelled to surrender. More than four hundred Spaniards, Italians, and Biscayans, together with con- siderable numbers of native Irish, were put to the sword. 1812. Combat at Alba. — While Wellington prepared for a battle, he also looked to a retreat. His sick were sent to the rear, and convoys of provisions were ordered up from Ciudad Rodrigo to certain halting places between that fortress and Salamanca. On the 9th of November, Long’s ca- valry had been driven in upon Alba, and on the 10th, Soult opened a concentrated fire of eighteen guns against that place. The castle, which crowned a rocky knoll, had been hastily intrench- ed, and furnished scarcely any shelter; and for two hours the garrison could only reply with musketry; but finally it was aided by the fire of four pieces from the left bank of the river, and the post defended until dark with such vigour that the enemy dared not venture on an assault. During the night Gen. Hamilton rein- forced the garrison, repaired the damaged walls, and formed barri- cades ; but the next morning, after a short cannonade, the enemy withdrew. The allies lost above one hundred men. November 10. 1781. Reduction of Chit- toor. — After relieving Vellore on the 4th of November, which in four or five days more must either have been evacuated, or given up to the enemy, Sir Eyre Coote proceeded to Chittoor, to which he laid siege on the 8th, and on the 10th, the place capitulated. 1813. Battle of the Ni- velle. — Lord Wellington, seeing that Soult’s right could not be forced without great loss, resolved to hold it in check while he turned it by forcing the centre and left, pushing down the Nivelle to San Pe. With this view, the 2nd and 6th British divisions, Hamilton’s Portuguese, Morillo’s Spaniards, four of Mina’s battalions, and Grant’s brigade of cavalry, in all 26,000 fighting men, with nine guns, were collected under Gen. Hill, in the Bastan, to attack D’Erlon — Mina’s troops, and those under Carlos d’Espana, occupying the position of Roncesvalles. The 3rd, 4th, and 7th divisions, and Giron’s Andalusians, the whole under Marshal Beresford, were disposed about the Puerto de Echallar, and the slopes of the Rhune towards the Sarre. On the left of this body, the light division and Longa’s Spaniards, both un- der Charles Alten, were disposed z 338 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 11, on the slope of the Rhune towards Acain. Alten’s brigade of light cavalry and three British bat- teries were placed on the road to Sarre, followed by six mountain guns. Thus 36,000 men, with 24 guns, were concentrated to attack Clauzel. Gen. Freyre’s Spaniards — about 9000, with 6 guns — were on Alten’s left, while the 1 st an d 5 th divisions, Wilson’s, Bradford’s and Aylmer’s brigades of infantry, Vandeleur’s light dragoons, and the heavy German cavalry, in all about 19,000 men, with 54 guns, the whole under Gen. Hope, were opposed to Soult’s right wing ; and the naval squadron, hovering on Hope’s left flank, was to aid the land operations. All these troops gained their respective sta- tions so secretly during the night of the 9th November, that the enemy had no suspicion of their presence, although for several hours the columns were lying within half musket-shot of their works. On the 10th, the day broke with great splendour, and as the first ray of light played on the sumiflit of the lofty Atchubia, the signal guns were fired in rapid succession from its summit. The French beheld with astonishment several columns rushing forward from the flank of the great Rhune, and a few pieces of artillery opened from the heights on either side. The 43rd regiment crossed the marsh, and assailed the ene- my’s position on the lower part of the “ Hog’s Back,” and being sup- ported by the Portuguese bat- talions, in less than twenty minutes 600 veteran soldiers were driven out of this labyrinth ; yet not so easily, but that the victors lost: eleven officers and 67 men ; but the whole mountain was soon cleared of the French. “It was now 8 o’clock. Hope, menacing all the French lines on the low ground, ^ent the sound of a hun- dred pieces of artillery bellowing up the rocks, ans'wered by nearly as many from the tops of the mountains, and fifty thousand men came rushing down the slopes of the great Atchubia with ring- ing shouts.”* The principal ac- tion was on a space of seven or eight miles, but the battle spread wide, and in no point had the combinations failed. Far on the right, Gen. Hill had got within reach of the enemy a little before 7 o’clock, and soon drove them from their position. The division of Conroux, after gallantly de- fending the old works, was over- powered, and the redoubt of Louis XVI. stormed by the third divi- sion. Until nightfall, the whole line towards the sea continued to engage, but with great advantage to the allies. Lord Wellington passed the Nivelle at San Pe, and as Villatte’s reserve occupied Serres, Freyre and Longa entered Ascain. Reille having withdrawn into St. Jean de Luz, and de- stroyed all the bridges on the Lower Nivelle, the whole of the French retired, and at daybreak reached the heights of Bidart, on the road to Bayonne. The loss of the allies amounted to 300 killed, and 2400 wounded. November 11. 1781. Reduction of Nega- p at a 3i. — Sir Hector Munroe stormed the strong lines which the enemy had thrown up, co- vered by redoubts to defend the approach to the town, on which occasion the troops of all de- nominations distinguished them- selves by a steady and determined bravery. On the 3rd of Novem- ber, the besiegers broke ground before the north face of the fort r * Napier. ilBKARff OF THE UNIYERSliy OF ILLINOIS November 12. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 339 and the approaches were carried on with great rapidity. On the 5tli, Sir Edward Hughes moved a part of his squadron nearer to the fort on the flank of the British lines ; and on the 7th, a battery of ten 18-pounders, within three hundred yards of the walls, was ready to open. A summons was now sent in to the governor, who declined entering into any arrangement for the surrender of the place, and declared his determination to de- fend it to the last extremity. During the siege, the enemy made two desperate sorties with the larger portion of the garrison, but were each time beaten back into the town with great loss. In the afternoon of the 10th, the breaching battery being ready, four 1 8-pounders were got into position, and produced considerable effect on the face of the bastion. During the night four more 18-pounders were placed on the same battery, and the whole opened at daylight on the 11th. Soon after this, the enemy demanded a parley, and sent two commissioners to the camp with terms of capitulation. Early in the morning of the 12th, the admiral landed, and the terms being signed and ratified, in the afternoon the gates of both the town and citadel were taken pos- session of by the British troops. The garrison amounted to 8000 men, consisting of 500 Europeans, 700 Malays* 4500 sepoys, and 2300 of Hyder Ally’s troops, of whom 1000 were cavalry ; but these latter fled when the first at- tack was made upon the enemy, and never returned. The loss sustained by the British during the siege of Negapatam amounted to 28 killed, 99 wounded, and 9 missing. 1813. Action at Chrystler’s Farm. — On the 11th of Novem- ber, Lieut.-Col. Morrison, with 800 men, consisting of the reduced companies of the 49th and 86th regiments, attacked the American force of 3500 men, under Gen. Wilkinson, at Chrystler’s farm, on Lake Ontario. At about half- past two o’clock, the action be- came general. An attempt to turn the left of the British was gallantly repelled by not more than 415 rank and file ; and that corps, moving resolutely forward, defeated an effort to assail the right of our position. In spite of the arrival of a reinforcement, the Americans gradually lost ground, and at half-past four they gave way at all points. The loss of the British amounted to 182 men killed and wounded. The enemy, according to their own account, had 102 men killed, and 237 wounded. November 12. 1715. Battle near Dum- blaine. — On the 12th Nov. the royal army, commanded by the Duke of Argyle, consisting of 3500 men, was drawn up in or- der of battle on the heights to the northward of Dumblaine, in Perth- shire. The clans from the centre and right wing of the rebel army, under the Earl of Mar, charged the left of the king’s troops so furiously that they were routed with great slaughter. In the mean- time the Duke of Argyle, com- manding in person on the right, putting himself at the head of Evans’ dragoons, routed the ene- my’s left. The attack was sup- ported by Brigadier Wightman, with three battalions, who, with the corps under the duke, took up a position to resist the victorious right of the rebel force, which amounted to 5000 men. In this posture both armies fronted each other until evening, when the 340 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 12- duke drew on towards Dum- blaine, and the rebels retired to Ardoch, leaving four pieces of cannon in the field, which were captured by the king’s troops on the following day. The loss of each army did not exceed 500 men. This battle may be said to have terminated the rebellion, as no conflict took place afterwards. 1715. Battle op Preston. — In this battle, between the insur- gents under Poster and the British under General Wills, the first at- tack was successful on the part of the Scots ; but General Wills being reinforced by General Car- penter, the royal army invested Preston on all sides on the 12th November, and the Scots at length laid down their arms. The nobles and leaders being secured, some were shot as deserters, and others were sent to London, pinioned, and bound together, to intimidate their party. 1813. Passage of the Nivelle. — After the victorious advance of the British army under Welling- ton on the 10th, the allies halted on the position they had gained in the centre; but an accidental conflagration in a wood com- pletely separated the pickets to- wards Ascain from the main body, and spreading far and wide over the heath, lighted up all the hills, a blazing sign of war to Prance. On the 11th the army advanced in order of battle. Sir John Hope on the left forded the river about St. Jean deLuz with his infantry, and marched to Bidart. Marshal Beresford, in the centre, moved by the roads leading upon Arbonne. General Hill, commu- nicating by his right with Morillo, who was on the rocks of Monda- rin, brought his left forward into communication with Beresford, and with his centre took posses- sion of Suraidc and Espelette, facing towards Cambo. The de- lay in repairing the bridges gave the Duke of Dalmatia time to rally his army upon a third line of fortified camps, which he had previously commenced, the right resting on the coast at Bidart, the centre at Helbacen Borda, the left at Ustaritz on the Nive. The front extended about eight miles ; but Soult dreading a second bat- tle on so wide a field, drew back his centre and left to Arbonne and Arauntz, broke down the bridges on the Nive at Ustaritz; and at two o’clock a slight skirmish, commenced by the allies in the the centre, closed the day’s pro- ceedings. The next morning the Prench retired to the ridge of Beyris, having their right in ad- vance at Anglet, and their left in the intrenched camp of Bayonne, near Marac. During this move- ment a dense fog arrested the allies, but when the day cleared Sir John Hope took post at Bidart on the left, and Beresford occu- pied Aletze, Arbonne, and the hill of San Barbe, in the centre. Gene- ral Hill’s efforts to pass the fords and restore the bridges of Ustaritz were baffled by the heavy rains, whilst both points w r ere success- fully defended by Poy. Conti- nuing his retreat during the night, Fov reached Cambo and Ustaritz on the 11th, just in time to re- lieve Abbe’s division at those posts, and on the 12th defended them against General Hill. Such were the principal circumstances of the battle of the Nivelle, whereby Soult w'as driven from a mountain position, wfflich he had been forti- fying for three months. He lost four thousand two hundred and sixty-five men, including twelve hundred prisoners. His field- magazines at St. Jean de Luz and Espelette. fell into the hands of the victors, and fifty-one pieces of November 13. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 341 cannon, principally abandoned in the redoubts of the low country, were taken. On the part of the allies, Gens. Kempt and Byng were wounded : their total loss amounted to two thousand six hundred and ninety-four men. November 13. 1781. Battle of Hillsbo- rough. — A body of Americans being stationed at Hillsborough, in North Carolina, they were at- tacked by a party of loyalists, under the guidance of Cols. Fan- ning and Hector M‘Neil on 13th November. After a forced march of forty-five miles, Col. Luterel and fifteen men were killed by the loyalists, who made Governor Burke, with 13 officers and 60 men, prisoners. On the return of the party, they were attacked by a rebel force of 600 men, posted at Linley’s Mills. The royal militia charged the enemy with such resolution that they were routed with the loss of sixty killed and many prisoners. On our side forty were left on the field. Col. M*Neil fell in the first onset, and Col. Fanning was among the wounded ; but not so severely as to relinquish the command of his brave companions, who, meeting no further opposition, returned to Raft’s Swamp, after a march of 300 miles on the 20th, bringing with them 200 prisoners. 1783. Paulghaut stormed. — On the recommencement of hos- tilities with Tippoo at Manga- lore, Col. Fullarton advanced to- wards Paulghaut, and after a laborious and fatiguing march through a dense forest, reached the fortress in November. By the 13th batteries had been erected, and on the evening of that day the European grenadiers of the first Madras regiment drove the enemy out of the covered-way ; and having entered with the fugitives within the principal gates, the gar- rison surrendered at discretion. 1804. Defeat at Deig.—- Gen. Lake had taken the field, but, instead of making a dash at Holkar’s infantry, he wasted his energies in fruitless efforts to bring the Mahratta cavalry to action, and, when these failed, re- mained inactive at Mattra. This delay induced Holkar to attempt the surprise of Delhi and the possession of the emperor’s per- son, in which he nearly succeeded. His failure must chiefly be attri- buted to the skill and valour of Cols. Ochterlony and Burn, who, with a small body of sepoys, made a successful sortie, repelled an assault, and under incessant fatigue defended a city ten miles in circumference. Gen. Lake marched to the relief of the ca- pital; but Holkar’s cavalry had gone, five days before his arrival, towards the states of the Rajah of Bhurtpore, who had broken his engagements to the English go- vernment. Gen. Fraser under- took the pursuit, and on the 13th November came up with the Mah- ratta infantry, strongly posted near the fortress of Deig. Fraser, heading the charging battalions, drove the enemy from their guns, and was advancing on the second line of batteries, when he fell mortally wounded. Col. Monson on whom the command now devolved, drove the enemy until they got under the walls of the fort. One body, who attempted to make a stand, was driven into the lake, and many of them were drowned. Eighty pieces of can- non were taken. 1817. Flight of Bajee Rao. — Gen. Smith having joined the force at Kerkce on the evening of 13th November, prepared to at- 342 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 14. tack the Peishwa’s camp ; but Bajee Rao, afraid to hazard ano- ther engagement, fled to Sattara, abandoning his capital to the mercv of the British. 1839. Bokhara stormed. — The army of the Indus having reached Cabul on the 6th August, after a march of more than 1500 miles, Dost Mohammed, abandon- ing his baggage and artillery, fled with a few followers over the Hazareh mountains into Bok- hara. In order to follow up the conquest, Major Outram was sent to tranquillise certain disturbed districts between Cabul and Can- dahar. Nor was the treachery of the Khan of Khelat forgotten : General Wiltshire led a strong corps against his fortress. After some smart skirmishes in the neighbourhood of Khelat, the be- siegers resolved to adopt the same course of tactics which had proved so successful at Guznee. A storm- ing party succeeded in blowing open the gate, and made their way into the town, but the enemy disputed every inch of ground up to the walls of the inner citadel. At length the troops forced their way into the last stronghold of the capital of Beloochistan. A desperate defence was here made by Mehrat Elan, and he, with several of the chiefs, were among the slain. November 14. 1751. Defence of Arcot. — Chunda Saib, greatly enraged at the unexpected fall of his capital, sent his son, Rajah Saib, with a force of four thousand men, to expel the English. Being re- inforced by one hundred and fifty Europeans from Pondicherry and three thousand men that had col- lected around the fugitive gar- rison of Arcot, this formidable force found no difficulty in en- tering the city. Clive, notwith- standing the great disparity of strength, resolved to dislodge them, and sallied from the fort with his artillery ; but the enemy, occupying the houses with their musketry, compelled Clive to re- treat with some loss ; and on the following day, reinforced by two thousand men from Vellore, they commenced a regular siege of the citadel. Although Clive’s guns were soon disabled, he so retarded the operations of the besiegers, by making frequent sorties, that it was a fortnight before they could effect a breach. Two of considerable extent were at length opened, and Clive pre- pared for their defence, though he had only eighty Europeans and one hundred and twenty se- poys fit for duty; but he had contrived to infuse into this little band a portion of his own indo- mitable spirit, and they resolved to hold out until the last ex- tremity. Rajah Saib made his assault on the 14th November, the anniversary of the martyrdom of Ali’s family, the festival most reverenced by these Moham- medans. When the assailants advanced, they found themselves exposed to works that command- ed the breaches as well as the traverses ; and these cross-fires were so well maintained that the enemy were mowed down by en- tire ranks. They nevertheless made repeated efforts to establish themselves ; but being driven back with the loss of 400 men killed and wounded, they aban- doned the attempt, and evacuated the town that night, after having maintained the siege for fifty days. On the following morning, Clive being joined by a detach- ment from Madras, and a body of Mahrattas, commenced an ac- tive pursuit, and, having over- November 15. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 343 taken the enemy, inflicted upon them a severe defeat. He then recovered Conjeveram, which had been garrisoned by the French. 1798. Reduction of Minorca. — On the 7th of November, after destroying a battery at the en- trance of the bay of Addaya, the first division of the army under Lieut.- General the Hon. Charles Stuart, consisting of 800 men, effected a landing ; and just at this moment, when a considerable explosion to the westward indi- cated that the Spaniards had abandoned the works at For- nelles, 2000 of the enemy’s troops were seen approaching. This •force was, however, repulsed with some loss, and the post was maintained until the debarkation of the different divisions was effected. Col. Graham, with 600 men, overcoming the difficulty arising from the badness of roads, reached Mercadal a few hours after the main force of the enemy had proceeded to Ciudadella; and the remainder of the army also arrived at Mercadal on the 9th, when Col. Paget, with 300 men, being detached, took possession of Mahon, making the governor and 160 men prisoners. Learn- ing that the enemy was throwing up works in front of Ciudadella, the army marched towards that place. Having invested the town on the 13th, by daybreak on the following morning the troops formed in order of battle, the line extending four miles in front of the enemy’s batteries. A timely parley, and the appearance of the squadron of Commodore Duckworth, occasioned the ces- sation of hostilities. Terms of capitulation being ratified on the 15th, the town and fortress of Ciudadella was delivered up to His Britannic Majesty. The gar- rison, having marched out with the honours of war, was conveyed to the nearest Spanish port. November 15. 1793. Siege of Toulon. — On the evening, of the 15th Novem- ber, the republican troops made a vigorous attack upon fort Mul- grave, situated on the heights of Balaguier : the first assault was directed against the right, where the Spaniards were stationed, who retreated in disorder, firing their muskets to create alarm. Major- Gen. O’Hara fortunately arriving at that moment from on board the Victory, directed a company of the royals to advance, and these gallant fellows instantly leaped the works and routed the enemy with the bayonet. The loss of the allies in this affair amounted to 61 men killed and wounded, including among the latter, Capt. Duncan Campbell of the royals, and Lieut. Lemoine of the artil- lery. The French are supposed to have lost 600 in killed and wounded. 1812. Retreat to Ciudad Rodrigo. — During the night of the 14th of November and the morning of the 15th, the allied army was united in the position of the Arapiles, and Wellington, to secure the passage of the Jun- guen stream, placed the first divi- sion at Aldea Tejada, in case of being compelled by Soult to choose between Salamanca and Ciudad Rodrigo. Meantime the army of Portugal crossed the Tormes at Galisancho, and moved up to the ridge of Utiera, whilst Soult extended his left to the height of Lenora de la Buena, near the Ciudad Rodrigo road. The evolution was similar to that of the Duke of Ragusa at the battle of Salamanca ; but it was on a wider scale, — a second range 344 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 16 of heights enclosing, as it were, those by which Marmont moved on that day, and consequently beyond the reach of such a sud- den attack and catastrophe. “ The result,” says the great his- torian, “in each case was remark- able, — Marmont, closing with a short quick turn, a falcon striking at an eagle, received a buffet that broke his pinions, and spoiled his flight. Soult, a weary kite, sail- ing slowly and with a wide wheel to seize a helpless prey, lost it al- together.”* Lord W ellington seeing the French cavalry point- ing towards the Ciudad Rodrigo road, judged that the king’s in- tention was to establish a for- tified head of cantonments at Mozarbes, and then operate against the communication of the allies with Ciudad Rodrigo; wherefore, suddenly throwing his army into three columns, he cross- ed the Junguen, and then, cover- ing his left flank with his cavalry and artillery, defiled in order of battle before the enemy at little more than cannon-shot. With a wonderful boldness and facility, and good fortune also, — for there was a thick fog and a heavy rain, which rendered the by-ways nearly impassable, while the allies had the use of the high-roads, — he carried his whole army in one mass quite round the French left; thus gaining the Valmusa river, where he halted for the night, in the rear of those who had been threatening him in front only a few hours before. November 16. 1776. Capture of Fort Washington. — The rebels being in possession of fort Washington, and fort Lee, on the opposite shore of J ersey, were almost mas- * Napier ters of the North River; prepara- tions were therefore made by Sir William Howe to drive the enemy from New York island. On the 11th November the fort was sum- moned. Lieut.-Col. Paterson, the commandant, having expressed his determination to defend it to the last extremity, the general re- solved on making four attacks. The first against the enemy’s left, in two columns, under General Knvphausen, formed by detach- ments of Hessians, the brigade of Raille, and the regiment of Waldeck. The second, under command of Brigadier- Gen. Mat- thew, consisted of the 2nd bat- talion of light infantry and two battalions of guards. These were to land in Harlem creek from thirty flat-boats, and to he supported by the first and second battalions of grenadiers and 33rd regiment, under Lord Cornwallis. The third was a feint to be made to- wards New York ; and the fourth attack by Lord Percy, who, with the corps under his command, was to assault the right flank of the rebels, on the side of York island. Lieut.- Gen. Knyphausen moved forward about noon, and soon became exposed to a sharp fire ; but being gallantly supported by the second corps, the enemy was compelled to retire. Mean- while Lieut.-Col. Stirling moved to support Lord Percy, and hav- ing landed on York island, forced his way up a steep height, and took 170 prisoners. Then pene- trating across the island, he faci- litated Lord Percy’s success in defeating the force opposed to him. Col. Raille leading the right column of Gen. Knyphausen’s di- vision, after much opposition, forced the enemy from their strongholds, and having lodged his- column within 100 yards of the fort, summoned them to sur- November 17. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 345 render. On the arrival up of Gen. Knyphausen, the enemy surren- dered prisoners of war to the number of 2700 men, having lost 53 killed and 90 wounded. Gen. Howe was much pleased with the conduct of all employed on this occasion, and in compliment to the Hessian general he changed the name of fort Washington to that of Knyphausen. 1777. Reduction of Mud Island From the difficulties attending the construction of additional batteries in a morass against the fort upon Mud Island, and on the transportation of guns and stores, they were not opened against the enemy until the 10th of November. On the 15th, the the wind proving fair, the Vigi- lant armed ship, mounting sixteen 24-pounders, and a hulk with three guns of the same calibre, got up through the channel be- tween Providence and Hog islands. These vessels, assisted by several ships of war in the eastern chan- nel, as well as by the batteries on shore, did such execution upon the fort and collateral block- houses, that the enemy, dreading an impending assault, evacuated the island between the 15th and 1 6th, and it was taken possession of at daybreak on the 1 6th by the grenadiers of the guards. The loss of the enemy during the siege is computed at 400 men killed and wounded, whilst that of the king’s troops was only 7 men killed and 5 wounded. November 17. 1812. Combat of the Hue- bra. — -During the night of the 17th November, the cavalry im- mediately in front of the light division had filed off to the rear without giving any intimation to the infantry, who, trusting to the horsemen, had placed their pickets at a short distance in front. As the day broke, some strange horse- men were seen in the rear of the bivouac, and were at first taken for Spaniards ; but the mistake was soon evident, and the troops speedily stood to arms. This dis- covery was made in good time ; for, five hundred yards in front, the wood opened on to a large plain, on which eight thousand French horsemen were seen ad- vancing in a solid mass, without suspecting the proximity of the British. The division was imme- diately formed in columns : a squadron of the 14th dragoons, and one of the German hussars came hastily up from the rear, whilst the cavalry of Julian San- chez appeared in small parties on the right flank, and every pre- caution was taken to secure a re- treat. As the British fell back, the French sent forward several squadrons ; and as the thickness of the forest had enabled them to pass along unperceived on the flanks of the line of march, as the opportunity offered, they swept away the baggage, sabring the conductors and guards, and had even menaced one of the columns, until checked by the fire of the artillery. In one of these charges, Gen. Paget was carried off from the midst of his own men ; and it might have been Wellington’s fortune, for he also was continu- ally riding between the columns, and without an escort. However, the main body of the enemy soon passed the Huebra river, and took post behind it. When the light divi- sion arrived on the 17th November at the edge of the table-land which overhangs the fords of Gallego de Huebra, the French cavalry suddenly thickened, and the sharp whistle of musket-bullets, with the splintering of branches on the 346 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. November 18. left, showed that their infantry were also up. Soult had pushed his columns towards that place, by a road leading from Salamanca through Vecinos, but finding Hill’s troops in his front, turned short to his right, in hopes to cut off the rearguard. The English and German cavalry, warned by the musketry, crossed the fords in time, and the light division should have followed. Instead of which, an order was given to form squares ; hut Wellington fortu- nately appeared, and, under his directions, the battalions instantly glided off to the fords, leaving four companies of the 43rd regi- ment, and one of the rifles, to cover the passage. These com- panies spreading as skirmishers, were immediately assailed in front and on both flanks, and with such a fire that it was evident a large force was before them ; moreover, a driving rain and mist prevented them from seeing their adversaries. They, however, maintained their ground until the division was be- yond the river, and then passed the fords under a very sharp musketry. Only twenty-seven soldiers fell; for the tempest beat- ing in the Frenchmen’s faces, baffled their aim; andRoss’s guns, playing from the low ground with grape, checked the pursuit, but the roar of thirty pieces of heavy French artillery showed how criti- cally timed was the passage. The banks of the Huebra were steep and broken, but the enemy spread his infantry along the edge of the forest ; there were several fords to be guarded, and the bulk of the army was massed on the right, covering the roads leading to Ciudad. A brisk attempt to force the fords guarded by the 52nd regiment, was vigorously repulsed, but the skirmishing and the cannonade continued until dark. The light division, forced to keep near the fords and in column, lest a sudden rush of cavalry should carry off the guns, were plunged into at every round, yet suffered little loss. November 18. 1759. Action at Munsurpet. — On 11th November, a French force of one thousand Europeans, 100 of whom were hussars, one thousand sepoys, two hundred native cavalry, with ten pieces of artillery, had assembled at Thia- gur under Gen. Crillon. A few days afterwards it proceeded to- wards Trichinopoly, and on the 17 th of the same month the ad- vanced guard occupied Munsur- pet, near the Cavery, at Sering- ham. Early on the morning of the 18th, a small detachment of Europeans and natives from the garrison, under command of Captain Richard Smith of the first Madras European regiment, crossing the river unperceived, suddenly fell upon the French detachment in Munsurpet, and drove them out with severe loss. Following them up rapidly, they were compelled to surrender as prisoners ; and two guns, with all their baggage, were captured. 1776. Passage of the North River. — The only place of strength which the enemy now held in the vicinity of New York was fort Lee, situated on the North River, and nearly opposite to fort Knyphausen. As the pos- session of this fort would secure the entire command of the river, and opened a road to penetrate into New Jersey, Gen. Howe re- solved on an immediate attack. For this purpose an additional number of boats were sent by the admiral to Kingsbridge in the j night of the 17th of November. November 19. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 347 The first division landed the next morning at 8 o’clock about seven miles from the fort, while the second division marched up the east side of the river ; by which movements the whole force, con- sisting of the 1st and 2nd bat- talions of light infantry, two companies of chasseurs, a bat- talion of British, and two bat- talions of Hessian grenadiers ; two battalions of guards, with the 33rd and 42nd regiments, with their artillery, were landed by 10 o’clock, under the command of Lieut.-Gen. the Earl of Corn- wallis. The seamen distinguished themselves by their zealous efforts in dragging the cannon up a nar- row road, for half a mile, to the top of a precipice bounding the shore for some miles on the west side. Lord Cornwallis immedi- ately marched against the fort; and had not the enemy been ap- prised of his approach he would have surrounded 2000 men, who escaped in the utmost confusion, leaving their artillery and a quan- tity of provisions. November 19. 1777. During the transactions which led to the surrender of Fort Island on the Jerseys, Sir William Howe received the un- welcome intelligence of the un- fortunate conclusion of the opera- tions of the northern army under the command of Lieut.- General Burgoyne. As all thoughts of co-operation were now at an end, he resolved to secure the free navigation of the Delaware, and to reduce the fort at Red-bank, before any reinforcement from Gen. Gates could form a junction with Gen. Washington ; he there- fore detached a corps to Chester, under the command of Lord Cornwallis, which landed at Bil- lingport on The 19th November, where they were joined by a di- vision under Major-General Sir Thomas Wilson, having with him Brigadier- Gens. Leslie and Patti- son, who had arrived a few days before from New York. His lordship after making the neces- sary arrangements, marched to attack the enemy intrenched at Red-bank ; but on his approach the rebels spiked their cannon, and retired to Mount Holly, where they joined a corps of ob- servation, detached from their main army, and encamped at White Marsh. Here his lord- ship found a considerable quan- tity of stores ; and having de- molished the intrenchments, re- turned with his force by Glouces- ter on the 27th, and rejoined the army at Philadelphia. November 20. 1776. In the month of No- vember, a small body of the rebel troops made an irruption into the province of Nova Scotia, where they were joined by a considerable number of disaf- fected persons, and by all the original French settlers. They were commanded by one Jona- than Eddy, who on the 20th of the month sent a summons to Lieut. -Colonel Joseph Goreham, commanding at fort Cumberland, to surrender that place imme- diately. The reply was such as might be expected from so spirit- ed and zealous an officer. Soon after this, the lieutenant-colonei received a reinforcement of men and a supply of stores from Ha- lifax, sent by Major-Gen. Massey, and escorted by some ships of war from the squadron of Sir George Collier. Thus strength- ened, he ordered a sortie to be made under the direction of 348 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. November 22, Major Batt. This service was so well conducted that several of the enemy’s works were destroyed and some of their cannon cap- tured. The success compelled the besiegers to relinquish their enterprise and retire from the province. November 21. 1854. Gallant Exploit. — The Russian advanced posts in front of the left of the British attack upon Sebastopol having taken up a position which incom- moded our troops in the trenches, and while it occasioned not a few casualties, took in reverse the ■French troops working in their lines, a detachment of the 1st rifle brigade, under Lieut. Tiyon, was directed on the night of the 20th November to dislodge the enemy. This service was most gallantly and effectively per- formed, hut with some loss of killed and wounded, and at the cost of the life of Lieut. Tryon, who rendered himself conspi- cuous on the occasion, and who Lord Raglan regrets as “a most promising officer, and held in the highest estimation by all.” The Russians made several attempts to re-establish themselves on the ground before daylight on the •21st, but they were instantly re- pulsed by Lieut. Bourchier, the senior surviving officer. Gen. Canrobert so highly prized this dashing exploit, that he instantly published an Ordre General , announcing it to the French army, — combining with a just tribute to the gallantry of the troops the expression of his deep sympathy in the regret felt for the loss of a young officer of so much distinction. On the night of the 22nd, and on the following morning, shortly before daylight, the enemy re- newed their endeavours to get possession of the ground they had been driven from; but they were repulsed on each occasion in the most spirited manner, — in the first instance by a detach- ment of the 4th foot, under Lieut. Patrick Robertson, and a work- ing party of the 57 th regiment ; in the last instance, by the de- tachment of the 4th regiment alone. The conduct of Lieut. Robertson and the troops under his orders is extolled in the high- est terms of praise by Brigadier- Gen. Eyre. I'Tovember 22. 1776. When the accounts of Lord Cornwallis’s advance against fort Lee came to Gen. Greene, he gave immediate directions for the troops under his command to march, in order to secure their retreat, by possessing themselves of the English neighbourhood, at the same time apprising General Washington at Hackinsack with information of what had occurred. The celerity of this movement saved the American force ; for it was the design of Lord Corn- wallis to have formed a line across, from the place of landing to Hackinsack bridge, and there- by inclosing the whole of the enemy’s troops between the North and Hackinsack rivers. Wash- ington advanced with some troops to meet Greene, and both took post so as to secure Hackinsack bridge and retard a pursuit, should any be made after them. But Washington, not considering himself secure at Hackinsack, collected about three thousand five hundred men, and retreated, on 22nd November, to Newark. November 23. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 349 November 23. 1813. Skirmish at Arcan- gues. — In November the head- , quarters of the allied army were fixed at St. Jean de Luz, and the troops established in perma- nent cantonments with the fol- lowing line of battle : — The left wing occupied a broad ridge on both sides of the great road be- yond Bidart, their front covered by a small stream. The centre, posted partly on the continua- tion of this ridge in front of Arcangues, partly on the hill of San Barbe, extended by Arrauntz to Ustaritz ; whilst the right, be- ing thrown back to face Count D’Erlon’s position, reached from Cambo to Itzassu. Erom this position, stretching six miles on the front, and eight miles on the flank, strong pickets were pushed forward to several points, and the infantry occupied all the vil- lages and towns behind, as far back as Espelette, Suraide, Actin- hoa, San Pe, Sarre, and Ascain. One regiment of Vandeleur’s ca- valry was with the advanced post on the left, the remainder were sent to Andaya and Urogne. Vic- tor Alten’s horsemen were about San Pe, and the heavy cavalry remained in Spain. In this state of affairs the establishment of the different posts* in front led to several skirmishes. In one on the 18th, Gens. John Wilson and Vandeleur were wounded, but on the same day Beresford drove the Erench from the bridge of Urdains, near the junction of the Ustaritz and San Pe roads ; and though attacked in force the next day, he maintained his acquisi- tion. A more serious affair oc- curred on the 23rd in front of Arcangues. This village, held by the pickets of the light division, was two or three miles in front of Arbonne, where the nearest sup- port was cantoned. It is built on the centre of a crescent-shaped ridge, and the sentries of both armies were so close, that the re- liefs and patrols actually passed each other in their rounds ; so that a surprise was inevitable, if it suited either side to attempt it. In order to remedy this, Welling- ton, with the intention of taking possession of the village, pushing pickets along the horns of the crescent, and establishing a chain of posts across the valley between them, moved up the forty-third and some riflemen for that duty, supported by the greater portion of the division. The Erench, after a few shots, abandoned Arcan- gues, Bussuary, and both extre- mities of the crescent, retiring before the pickets to a large for- tified house, situated at the mouth of the valley. This post was sud- denly attacked by the pickets of the forty-third, and the columns of support were shown at several points of the semicircle. The Erench conceiving they were about to be seriously assailed, re- inforced their position ; a sharp skirmish ensued, and the pickets were finally withdrawn to the ground they had originally gain- ed, and beyond which they should not have been pushed, for it was attended with a loss of eighty-eight men in killed and wounded. November 2ft. 1759. Submission of the Dutch at Ciiinsurah. — In August, a Dutch ship filled with troops arrived in the river near Eulta, which in October was joined by six more, having on board 700 European soldiers and 800 Malays, to reinforce the Dutch garrison at Ciiinsurah, 350 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 24. Although Meer Jaffier had been intriguing for assistance from the Dutch government at that place, to rid himself of the English, Clive induced him to issue orders for the immediate departure of the Dutch ships from the river. These not being complied with, and after some remonstrance with their government at Chinsurah, the Dutch ships commenced hos- tilities, by seizing some small En- glish vessels on the river, detain- ing their crews, and landing part of their own troops, and by strik- ing the English colours at Fulta and Riapore. Although the two nations were at peace, the three English ships in the river were ordered to attack the Dutch squa- dron, whilst the small body of troops — only 240 European in- fantry, 80 artillerymen, 1200 se- poys, a troop of cavalry, some militia, and a company of volun- teers — were disposed, some in the batteries, to bombard the fleet, should it come up the river, whilst the remainder were to be ready to attack the enemy if they landed, and prevent their forming a junction with the Dutch garri- son at Chinsurah. Col. Forde, who had arrived from Masuli- patam, and assumed the com- mand of the troops, marched out on the 19th November, and took possession of Barnagore. Cross- ing the river, he moved on to- wards Chandernagore, and took up a position to oppose the Dutch troops, should they disembark. Disregarding all remonstrance, the enemy’s squadron proceeded up the river, and anchored on the 22nd at Saukeval Reach, within range of the batteries. On the 23rd, they landed 700 European soldiers, and 800 Malays, and then dropped down to Melancholy Point, near which the three En- glish ships were anchored. Col. Clive sent orders to Commodore Wilson to demand instant res- titution of the English vessels,, subjects, and property, and, on their refusal, to attack and destroy the Dutch squadron. The de- mand was made on the 24th, and peremptorily refused. Disregard- ing their inequality of force, the Company’s ships Calcutta, Capt. Wilson, Duke of Dorset, Capt. Forrester, and, Hardwicke, Capt. Sampson, immediately attacked the sevenDutch ships, and after an action of two hours’ duration, the Dutch commodore hauled down his colours ; the remainder soon followed the example, with the exception of the second in com- mand, who cut and made sail, but was stopped at Culpee by two English ships on their Tvay up the river. Whilst the ships were engaged, Forde was march- ing through Chandernagore, in- tending to encamp nearer Chin- surah. On his way through ruins of houses and enclosures, he was sharply attacked by the garri- son, which had marched out with four guns to meet him ; but they were soon dispersed with considerable slaughter ; lost their guns, and were pursued to the barrier of their fort. Forde,. learning on the 25th of the land- ing of the enemy’s troops from their squadron, instantly moved off with all his force, and met them about four miles off on the plains of Bedarra. A sharp ac- tion immediately ensued, and in less than half an hour the Dutch were completely routed, with the loss of 120 Europeans and 200 Malays killed ; 150 wounded ; and 350 Europeans, exclusive of Col. Roussel and 14 officers, and 200 Malays, prisoners. Of the entire Dutch force, only 7 men reached Chinsurah. In the course of a few days a treaty was en- November 25. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 351 tered into with the Dutch, by which they agreed to pay 100,000?. for the damage sustained by the En- glish, on condition of the ships and prisoners being restored to them. November 25. 1759. Reduction of Fort Du Quesne. — Brigadier Forbes moved with the last division of his forces from Philadelphia on the 30th June for the river Ohio, a march that was pregnant with difficulties and discouragements, arising principally from the want of military roads ; but, over- coming all these obstacles, he arrived at Ray’s-town, ninety miles east of fort Du Quesne, where he halted with the main body of the army. Colonel Fou- quet was then detached with 2000 men to Lyal- Henning, to recon- noitre the outworks of fort Du Quesne. The post being secured, Major Grant was detached with 800 men to discover the object of their operations, which was at the distance of forty miles. As soon as the enemy ascertained that this party had advanced without support, a body of troops, sufficient to surround them, marched to cut off their retreat. The English stood their ground with heroic firmness, and, having received the enemy’s fire, rushed forward with the bayonet ; but, after three hours’ severe contest against very superior numbers, and having lost their commander, who with 300 men were taken prisoners to fort Du Quesne, these gallant fellows were thrown into disorder, and obliged to make a rapid retreat to Lyal-Henning. Not dismayed by the result of Col. Fouquet’s imprudence in not moving with the whole force under his command to reconnoitre the fort, Brigadier Forbes marched with his whole army, and with such expedition, that his sudden and powerful appearance so over- awed the French garrison of fort Du Quesne, that they dismantled the fort and withdrew ; some escaping in boats, others by land, to their settlements and posts on the Mississippi, on the 24th of No- vember, and on the 25th the brigadier entered and took per- manent possession of the fort. Having repaired the works, in compliment to the minister who had planned the operations of the war, the name of the fort was changed to that of Pittsburg. 1759. Reduction of Treva- tore. — Col. Coote, having arrived at Conjeveram on the 2 1 st Novem- ber, and assumed the command of the army, immediately des- patched Capt. Preston, of the first Madras European regiment, to Wan dewash, with about two hundred men, and the materiel for a siege. He likewise detached a party from his own regiment and the Madras Europeans, under Col. Brereton, to attack Trevatore, which surrendered on the 25th. On the following day, Brereton pushed on and joined Col. Preston before Wandewash. November 26. 1817. Battle of Seetabal- dee. — Notwithstanding the ami- cable protestations of the Rajah Appah Saib, Mr. Jenkins had obtained information of his inten- tion to attack the residency and the British cantonments. Pre- parations for defence were there- fore made with the greatest ac- tivity, and the brigade com- manded by Col. Hopeton Scott was moved to occupy the resi- dency and the adjoining heights of Seetabaldee. Here the British, who did not number more than thirteen hundred and fifty rank 352 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 27, and file, were attacked in the night of 26th November by eighteen thousand of the rajah’s troops, including four thousand Arabs. During the day the ene- my dragged artillery to positions bearing upon the eastern and northern faces of two hills, and before sunset had filled the vil- lage of Telpooree and its neigh- bouring houses with a large body of Arabs. The action commenced at 6 o’clock in the evening, by the Arabs attacking a party on the southern hill. This produced a spirited return, and a general battle ensued. The efforts of the British being to dislodge the ene- my from the village, it was set on fire ; but the Arabs, never- theless, maintained their position until midnight, when the troops were withdrawn to the right, where a battalion on the edge of the hill, with a 6-pounder, did great execution. On the left, Capt. Macdonald, under a ha- rassing fire, constructed a breast- work, while his two 6-pounders were on the summit of the hill and his infantry poured volleys into the village. Some of the troops having been withdrawn, the Arabs exultingly renewed their attacks on the working party. At sunrise on the 27th, the Mahratta cavalry was seen drawn up, extending near the hills in large masses ; whilst their artillery, supported by infantry, were well stationed ; and from seven o’clock the defenders of the position had to sustain a well- directed fire from nine guns at a hundred yards distance, upon the lesser hill. The British being thrown into some confusion by the explosion of a tumbril, the Arabs made a bold charge up the hill, driving back the detach- ment with loss, and, having cap- tured a 6 -pounder, directed its fire towards the northern hill. Encouraged by this success, the Mahrattas assailed the British lines in every direction. Captain Fitzgerald, who held the post, having repeatedly asked permis- sion of Col. Scott to attack the enemy, being again denied, took upon himself to make a forward movement, charged the Mah- ratta horse with irresistible fury, and not only dispersed them, but cut to pieces a body of infantry, and took two guns which had advanced in support of their cavalry. The defenders of the north hill, giving vent to their feelings of admiration of this gal- lant exploit by loud cheers, and rushing forward by an enthu- siastic impulse, drove the enemy down the southern hill, and spiked two of their guns. The Arabs once more rallied ; but being taken in flank by a troop of ca- valry, were routed and dispersed over the field. Before noon the battle had terminated, and the victory of the British over the Mahrattas was complete. One- fourth of the British force was killed or wounded, and among that, number were seventeen offi- cers. To complete the defeat of the enemy at all points, the ap- proach of the reinforcements that had been ordered up put an end to the hope of success in the mind of Appah Saib, who com- menced a negotiation for a re- newal of friendship, with a so- ' lemn declaration that the late attack upon the British troops was without his will or consent. He then withdrew his army from the scene of action, as stipulated, before any terms could be received. November 27. 1781. Sortie from Gibral- tar. — r A sortie was made from November 28 . CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 353 Gibraltar, by a force under Bri- gadier-General Ross, in three co- lumns, early on the morning of 27 th November, each column being formed of a body of pioneers following the advanced corps, then artillerymen carrying combustibles, a sustaining corps, with a reserve in the rear. The attack was so admirably conduct- ed that the whole exterior front of the enemy’s advanced works was assaulted at the same in- stant; and they were soon com- pelled to abandon those prodi- gious fortifications which had been constructed with so much labour and expense. The pioneers and artillery spread their fire with such rapidity that in half an hour two batteries of ten thirteen-inch mortars and three batteries of heavy cannon of six guns each, with all the lines of approach, communication, and traverse, were in flames, and everything subject to the action of fire was finally reduced to ashes. The mortars and cannon were spiked, their beds, platforms, and carriages destroyed ; and as the fire reached the magazines, they successively exploded. The whole detach- ment was again in garrison by five o’clock, just before break of day, having only lost four men killed and 25 wounded. November 28. 1753. French attack on Tri- CHINOPOLY DEFEATED. III the early part of November, the French at Serin gliam were reinforced by 300 Europeans, 200 Topasses, and 1 000 sepoys, with some artillery. During the night of the 27th, the whole French force crossed over from the island and attacked Tri- chinopoly; and whilst the attempt was made on Dalton’s battery, the Mysoreans and Mahrattas were distributed around the city to distract the attention of the garrison. Six hundred of the French battalion were to escalade at this point, and 200 more, with a body of sepoys, formed the re- serve, who were to follow the advance when they got over the walls. At three on the morning of the 28th November, they passed the ditch at a place nearly dry, planted their ladders, and all en- tered the battery without arousing the guard of fifty sepoys and two European gunners, who were at once despatched ; but some of the enemy stumbling into a pit, their muskets went off, and gave the alarm. The French immediately turned the guns against the place, and two parties moved forward, one to force open the small gate leading into the fort, the other to escalade. By this time the gar- rison were at their posts; and Lieutenant Harrison, being second in command, assumed the chief control, — his commandant, Cap- tain Kilpatrick, from his late wounds, being confined to his bed. The escaladers had so far succeeded as to plant their lad- ders against the inner wall, and began to ascend ; and the officer commanding, preceded by his drummer, were the first to reach the top. The latter was shot and thrust over the wall, whilst the officer, after receiving two wounds, was pulled inside. The artillery officer, guided by the frequent flashes of fire, pointed his guns so effectually as to shatter the ladders and kill a number of men. The enemy now attempted to re- treat, and, all their ladders being broken, had to leap down on the hard rock — a drop of upwards of twenty-eight feet. About one hundred made the attempt, but not one escaped serious injury. The rest, in despair, turned, and A A 354 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 30. recommenced a fire upon the works. Being at length over- powered by the well-directed fire from the fortress, they concealed themselves behind the battery ; but when the day dawned, they threw down their arms and surrendered. Three hundred and sixty prison- ers were secured, and about 100 killed and wounded. Trichinopoly was thus saved from the greatest risk it had ever been exposed to during the war, and mainly attri- butable to the courage and intelli- gence of Li eut.Harrison. This pro- mising young officer died a short time after performing this gallant exploit. Uovemtoer 29. 1759. Wandewash surren- dered. — On the 21st of Novem- ber, Col. Coote arrived at Conje- veram, and assumed command of the army. He immediately de- tached Captain Preston of the first Madras European regiment to Wandewash, with about 200 men and the material for a siege. He likewise detached another party from his own regiment, and the Madras Europeans, under Col. Brereton, to attack Trivatore, which was taken on the 25th; and Brereton pushed on the next day, and joined Preston before Wan- devvAsh. On the morning of the 27th, the pettah was stormed and taken, a battery was immediately commenced, and by the time Col, Coote arrived, — he having pushed forward on hearing that the pettah had fallen, — it was quite completed and the guns mounted. During the two following days the defences had been nearly de- stroyed, and the wall breached. On the 29th the fort surrendered, and the besiegers had sustained a very trifling loss. The French had five officers, 100 Europeans, j and 500 natives taken prisoners; | and a quantity of ordnance stores were also captured. 1 803. Battle of Argaum. — In the Deccan General Wellesley, after many harassing operations, arising from the celerity with which the enemy moved from place to place, succeeded in bringing them to an engagement at Argaum on the 29th of No- vember, when they were routed without much difficulty. This success being followed by the siege and capture of Gawilghur, the confederates were induced to sue for peace. The Rajah of Berar was first to yield: he ceded a large portion of his territories to the English and their allies, abandoned all claims upon the Nizam, and consented that no European should be ad- mitted into his dominions with- out permission of the British government. Scindiah held out a fortnight longer, but finally yielded to similar terms; and he had to sacrifice a much larger portion of territory and influence than his ally. November 30. 1594. Assault of Fort Crodon. — During the civil wars of France, the Leaguers, assisted by the King of Spain, had marched 3000 of their best troops to take Brest. Fearing that this impor- tant place should fall under the power of Spain, the King of France applied to Queen Eliza- beth for maritime aid. Sir Mar- tin Forbisher w r as accordingly ordered, with ten ships, to cut off all communication between the town and the Spaniards by sea. Sir John Norris was likewise directed to seize on the fort of Crodon, already possessed by the Spaniards. On the 1st Novem- ber, he invested the fort ; and December 1. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 355 Quimpcr having surrendered to the French, he was reinforced by the English and French troops that had been employed .in the reduction of that place. On the 12th the garrison made a sally, in which 80 men were killed or wounded in the French trenches. A battery erected between the English and French opened on the 23rd, but the walls were so strong, that a breach was scarcely visible after firing 700 shot ; but the parapet and some of the bastions being destroyed, Capt. Lyster possessed himself of the counter- scarp. Encouraged by that suc- cess, he attempted the breach, and notwithstanding the great resist- ance made by the enemy, and the inaccessibleness of the place, many of the assailants reached the sum- mit, which they retained for some time, but were eventually com- pelled to retire with considerable loss. On the 30th, the enemy gained possession of the French trenches, but the English drove them back with some loss. On the 7th December, a practicable breach was effected by the spring- ing of a mine ; and after an as- sault which lasted five hours, the fort was carried, and all found in the garrison put to the sword. Sir Martin Forbisher received a mortal wound during the assault. 1819. Early in November, after the monsoon, operations were re- newed in Candeish, with a force under Col. Huskisson, consisting of H. M.’s 57th regiment, six companies of the Madras Euro- pean regiment, head-quarters of the 2nd battalion of the 1st regi- ment of native infantry. Major Jardine’s detachment, the flank companies of the 2nd battalion of the 13th regiment of native in- fantry, the pioneers and sappers and miners, about 250 irregular horse, and a battering train. On the 25th, Col. Huskisson, of the 17th regiment, marched from Mallygaum and, on the 29th en- camped about three thousand yards from the fort of Ummul- neir, the river Boaree intervening. That fortress surrendered on the 30th, and Bahandoorpor imme- diately afterwards, when Colonel Huskisson’s force was broken up. December 1. 1814. Capture op Prome. — On the 29th October, General Gillespie determined to attempt the capture of the fort of Kalunga, distant nine miles from Dehru, and situated on a ridge covered with jungle standing at an eleva- tion of 600 yards above the plain, with a garrison of 600 men. Bat- teries were erected during the night, and at daybreak on the 31st the attack commenced. The difficulty of taking the place by escalade was then discovered ; but Gillespie, still resolved to make the attempt, placing him- self at the head of three companies ofH. M.’s 53rd regiment, had pro- ceeded to the wicket, when a ball entering his heart, he fell cheering on his gallant countrymen. Col. Mawley, who succeeded to the command, fell back on Dehru, while a battering train was or- dered from Delhi. Four 18- pounders and two 8-inch mortars arrived on 24th November, and a breach was speedily effected. The 53rd regiment attempted to storm the fort *, but their efforts were unavailing, and the greater part of the assailants were killed or wounded. A cannonade was then kept up upon the fort ; and on 1st December, at 4 o’clock in the morning, Balbhudra Sing, with seventy men, the remnant of his gallant followers, effected his retreat. a a 2 356 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. December 2. 1824. Sortie from Rangoon. — In the afternoon of 1st De- cember, the English detachment under Major Sale made a sortie, and the Burmese, taken in flank, were driven from then' cover with considerable loss. 1825. Defeat of the Shans at Nemiow. — Early on the morn- ing of the 1st December, two columns marched against Ne- miow ; one, under Gen. Cotton, proceeding direct to Simbike, while the other, led by Sir Ar- chibald Campbell, crossed the Nawine river, to attack the enemy in the rear. The cannonade by the flotilla, under Sir Thomas Brisbane, so completely deceived the enemy that Cotton’s division reached the first line of palisades before their approach was sus- pected, and the storming parties, being soon formed, moved for- ward with intrepidity. The Shans, encouraged by the pre- sence of their veteran com- mander, apd further cheered by the exhortations and example of the fearless Amazons, offered a determined resistance. At length, however, a lodgment having been made in their crowded works, they fell into confusion, and were mowed down by the close and rapid volleys from the troops who gained their ramparts, — the strongly built enclosures of their own construction everywhere pre- venting flight, the dead and dying blocking up the few and narrow outlets from the works. The grcy- neaded chobwas of the Shans showed a noble example to their men — sword in hand, singly main- taining the unequal contest. Maha Nemiow himself fell, while urging his men to stand their ground. The defeated and panic- struck fugitives, as they endea- voured to ford the river, suffered severely from the horse artillery, and the remainder dispersed in small groups in the jungle. 1844. An insurrection having been quelled in Kolapore, Col. Outram and Mr. Reeves, the civil commissioners acting under the authority of the Bombay govern- ment, offered an amnesty to the rebels ; but most of them, in- fluenced by their hatred of op- pression, determined to hold out in their struggle for independence. Delays and mismanagement on the part of the military autho- rities had allowed the insurrec- tion to increase ; but, on the 4th October, the young rajah, with his aunt and mother and several chiefs, joined the British camp. Babajee Virakar, the leader of the insurgents, having escaped to Punalla, which they considered impregnable, the pettah was oc- cupied on 27th November. On the morning of 1st December, the batteries were opened, and the fort stormed in the afternoon. Babajee and some of the ring- leaders being among the slain, a part of the garrison fled to an- other fort, which was also taken. December 2. 1824. Defence of a Stockade at Kemmendine. — On the morn- ing of the 2nd December, a fire- raft was floated down the Irra- waddy river, and several attacks made at the same time on the north and east faces of the stock- ade, which were gallantly re- pulsed by first Madras European regiment. As the day dawned, the enemy’s trenches were ob- served to be advanced within fifty yards of the stockade, behind which they were completely co- vered, and kept up a well-directed and incessant fire from gingals and matchlocks during the day. As the night closed in, three dcs- December 3. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 3o 7 perate attempts were made to carry the place by escalade ; but the enemy were repulsed with severe loss. 1825. Heights op Napadee stormed. — After the defeat of the Burmese at Prome on 1st December, the victors encamped on the banks of the Nawine river, in order that they might be ready to attack Kee Wongee’s division at Napadee. On the morning of the 2nd, the first English di- vision, after a march of two hours through a thick forest, debouched upon a plain upon the river side, opened a communication with the flotilla, and drew up in front of the stockaded heights of Na- padee. The natural obstacles opposed to an advance upon these heights, independent of the arti- ficial means which the enemy had not failed to employ, were the range of hills rising in succes- sion, — the second commanding the first, and the third the second, — their base washed by the river on one side, and covered by the fo- rest from the approach of any force upon the other. The road to the heights lay along the beach, until checked by the termination of the first hill, up the sides of which the troops had to scramble, exposed to the fire of every gun and musket upon its summit. In addition to these difficulties, the enemy had a numerous body of men stockaded along the wood- ed bank which flanks and over- looks the beach. Every effort to penetrate the forest having failed, it was resolved to assail Napadee in front. The flotilla having moved forward and opened a spirited cannonade on each side of the river, some flanking out- works were stormed by a detach- ment under Col. Elrington, while the main body marched steadily up the hill, without returning a shot to the continued volleys of their opponents. The crest of the hill being at length won, the British pressed forward with the bayonet ; and in the course of an hour the whole position, nearly three miles in extent, was gained. A horrible carnage ensued, as the fugitives, crowding upon one another, strove to escape from their own enclosures. Thus, in the course of two days, the prin- cipal portion of the Burmese army, which had taken four months to assemble, was destroyed. Between forty and fifty pieces of artillery, with ammunition and stores, re- mained in possession of the con- querors. During the attack, the flotilla pushed past the works, and captured all the boats which had been brought down for the use of the Burmese army. The unusual appearance of the steam excited great alarm; for the Bur- mese had a tradition that their capital would remain unassailable until a vessel should advance up the Irrawaddy without oars or sails. December 3. 1810. Deduction of the Isle of France. — The different divisions of the expedition in- tended for the attack of the Isle of France, except that portion expected from the Cape of Good Hope, had assembled at the an- chorage of the island of Rodri- guez on the 21st November and it being considered advisable, on account of the lateness of the season, not to delay the departure, the squadron, under Vice- Admiral Bertie, consisting of the Illustrious, 74, twelve frigates, and some sloops, with ten thousand troops under Major-Gen. Abercromby, set sail on the 22nd for the Isle of France. Owing to light and baffling winds, the expedition did A A 3 358 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 5, not arrive in sight of the island until the 28th. On the morning of the 29th, the men of war and transports, amounting to about seventy sail, anchored in Grande- baie, which is twelve miles to the north-east of Port Louis. In course of the day, the army, with its artillery and ammunition, dis- embarked without opposition, as did the several detachments of marines of the squadron, com- manded by Capt. F. Liardet, also a large body of seamen under the orders of Capt. W. A. Montagu. On the 2nd of December, a corps of the enemy, with several pieces of artillery, was attacked, and, being overpowered by numbers, routed, with the loss of their guns, and many men killed and wounded. The loss on the part of the British amounted to 28 killed, 94 wounded, and 45 miss- ing. Soon after the termination of the battle, Gen. Decaen pro- posed terms of capitulation, and on the following morning (3rd December) they were ratified, surrendering the colony to Great Britain. The garrison of the Isle of France consisted of 1300 regular troops and the militia amounted to upwards of 10,000 men. Upon the numerous bat- teries were mounted 209 pieces of artillery in excellent order, com- pletely equipped with every re- quisite for service. December 4. 1824 Burmese defeated. — The pickets of the British army were posted opposite the village of Poosundoon, near which the enemy were collected in large masses; and by the 3rd of De- cember they had covered them- selves by intrenchments, extend- ing nearly three miles from the village to the great Pagoda, and kept up a galling fire from gingals on the British outposts. On the night of the 3rd, they at- tacked the lines, but were re- pulsed. On the 4th, the enemy continued strengthening their in- trenchments, and in the evening, orders were given to storm the lines on the following morning. Soon after daybreak two columns were formed for the attack; one at the great Pagoda, consisting of 1100 bayonets, under the com- mand of Major Sale ; the other near the White-house picket, composed of 600 bayonets, under Lieut.-Col. Walker. Both co- lumns advanced at the same time; that of Col. Walker halted and deployed into line within one hundred yards of the intrench- ments. Here they met a spirited resistance, and lost their chief; but the troops, pressing onward, drove the Burmese from trench to trench with the bayonet. A bat- tery at some distance to the left having opened a smart fire on the rear of the line as it advanced in pursuit of the enemy, the light company of the Madras European regiment wheeled to its left, charged, and captured the guns. The enemy having rallied behind another breastwork, it was in- stantly stormed by Lieut. Butler, of the Madras regiment, who was severely wounded on that occa- sion. Major Sale’s column forced the centre without difficulty; and the British columns uniting, drove the Burmese from every part of their works, and captured their ar- tillery, with stores of every de- scription. December 5. 1759. On the 5th of December, Capt. Fisher, with 300 of the Madras European regiment and 800 sepoys, marched from Masu- Becember 6. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 359 lipatam to Coconadah near Rajah- mundry, and captured nearly the whole of Chevalier Poete’s detachment of Europeans; that officer and a few of his men only, escaping on board a vessel lying off the Dutch factory at that place. 1777. Action at Chesnut- hill, — Gen. Washington, having received a reinforcement of four thousand men and some artillery from the northern rebel army, drew near to Philadelphia, and encamped at White Marsh. Sir William Howe put his army in motion on the 4th of December, and next morning took post on Chesnut-hill, in front of the enemy’s right wing. Shortly after, an American corps of at least a thousand men advanced to attack Lieut.- Col. Abercromby, posted in front of the British line with two battalions of light in- fantry; but the insurgents were so quickly routed by the first onset of one battalion, that only a por- tion of the second could come in for a share in the action. The enemy left between thirty and forty killed and wounded, and a brigadier-gen. was taken prisoner. 1794. Defeat of the Bri- gands at Bizzoton. — Between four and five o’clock on the morn- ing of the 5th December, as soon as the moon had set, the two posts at Bizzoton, in St. Domingo, garrisoned by one hundred and twenty men, under Capt. Grant of the 13th regiment, with Lieut. Clunes of the Royals, and Lieut. Hamilton of the 22nd regiment, were attacked by three columns, consisting of at least two thou- sand brigands, commencing by an attempt upon the Redan, which was followed by others from the old Mill-house, and on the work constructed on the opposite hill. The enemy advanced in perfect silence, and with such secrecy that they were close under the works before discovered ; but having had the garrison under arms for some hours, as is cus- tomary, and the militia being in readiness at their posts, the enemy met with an instant check. After an ineffectual attack of about three quarters of an hour, daylight was breaking fast, when the rebels retreated, carrying with them all their wounded, and, it is supposed, many of their dead, as thirty-seven bodies only were found. BothLieuts. Hamilton and Clunes were severely wounded. 1525. Defeat of Burmese. — On the morning of the 5th of December, a detachment was sent against the remaining division of the Burmese, on the left bank of the Irrawaddy river, under the command of SuddahWoon. The Brittish commenced the attack in flank and rear, while the batteries and men-of- war’s boats cannon- aded them in front. The enemy withdrew from their line along the river, and retreated to a second line of stockades, which they had prepared in the jungle in their rear. The British, fol- lowing up their first success, and not aware of a second position, came suddenly upon the crowded works, where the confused and disorderly defenders were slain in hundreds in their desperate efforts to escape. Becemfoer 6. 1824. Defeat near Kem- mendine. — On the morning of the 6th of December, a reinforce- ment of sixty men joined the first Madras European regiment, and the wounded were sent to Rangoon. In ascending the river, one of the boats, containing thirty men, was swept by the tide past Kemmendine, and anchored by a a 4 360 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. December 7, tlio native crew under a heavy battery, and would probably have fallen into the hands of the enemy but for the assistance of Lieut. Ivellett, of HALS. Arachne, who, running his vessel between the boat and the battery, brought her off in safety. The enemy con- tinued a fire from their trenches during the day, and at night re- newed their attack upon the stock- ade ; but they were repulsed with very great slaughter by the brave garrison, supported by a well- directed fire from HALS. Sophie, the gun-boats, and the mortars of the powerful bomb-vessel. No sooner, however, had the firing ceased, than the river was co- vered with fire -rafts, which nearly destroyed the Sophie. December 7. 1777. Action at Edge-hill. — After reconnoitring the ene- my’s right, and doing his utmost to bring on a general engagement, without directly attacking their intrenchments, Sir William Howe inarched at one o’clock on the morning of the 7th of December, the van being commanded by Earl Cornwallis, and the main body by Lieut.-Gen. Knyphausen, and took the armed post on Edge-hill, a mile from the enemy’s left. On this hill the vanguard found a body of a thousand men, chiefly composed of riflemen from the enemy’s northern army, posted with cannon. Lord Corn- wallis immediately attacked this corps, which was entirely defeated, with the loss of a considerable number of officers; and its artil- lery was with difficulty withdrawn in time to prevent capture. The thickness of the wood, in which the rebels were posted, concealed them at the commencement of the action from the light infantry, J who, owing to this circumstance j had an officer killed and three j wounded, and between thirty and ! forty men killed and wounded by the first fire of the enemy. At other points the rebels were also defeated. In order to bring on a general engagement to advan- tage, Sir William Howe explored their left, but this was so strongly posted that no temptation could induce Gen. Washington to quit his present position, and, being reluctant to expose his troops longer to the weather at such an inclement season, without tents or baggage of any kind, he re- turned to Philadelphia on the 8th, without being impeded on his march. The rearguard, under Lord Cornwallis, did not quit Edge-hill until four o’clock in the afternoon, and arrived in camp about nine on the same evening. 1824. Defeat of the Bur- mese. — Notwithstanding his fail- ures and defeats, ffcmdoola per- severed, and his troops laboured with unabated zeal in making their approaches. On the evening of the 7th, four columns of attack emerged from the British lines, and, sustaining a heavy fire, forced their way into the trenches: the Burmese were driven from their numerous works, curiously shaped and strengthened by strange con- trivances, into the forest. In the evening, a British regiment from Rangoon took the enemy’s posi- tion at Dallah, which had hitherto enabled them to keep Kemmen- dine in a state of siege. The Burmese were driven from their entire position, with the loss of all their guns and materiel. It was impossible to ascertain the num- ber slain, as the enemy removed and concealed the dead in the forest. Hundreds of Bandoola’s men deserted him after these re- verses, and he had to fear the December 8. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 361 displeasure of his tyrannical so- vereign. About four miles from the Golden Pagoda, Bandoola had established an army of reserve, which was busied in stockading a position of which the village of Kokien formed the key. To this post he now retreated, where con- siderable reinforcements meeting him, he found that he could muster twenty-five thousand men, with which force he determined to risk another battle. Not con- tent, however, to rely upon the valour of his soldiers, he bribed some of the few inhabitants who had returned to Rangoon to set fire to the city; but the flames were speedily extinguished. December 8. 1708. Reduction of Lisle. — While Marlborough was anx- iously expecting the surrender of the citadel of Lisle his active mind was employed in forming plans for the recovery of Bruges and Ghent. He was also devising means for the further prosecution of the war, and earnestly solicited his friends, both in England and in Holland, to obtain such an augmentation of force as would enable him to open the ensuing campaign at an early period, and with a decided superiority. Both Marlborough and Prince Eugene were most anxious to reduce Marshal Boufflers to an uncon- ditional surrender; but the ad- vance of the season, and the state of the fortress, induced them to relinquish this object, for the sake of ulterior advantages. The besieged having beat a parley on the 8th of December, at seven in the evening, were admitted to a capitulation on the following morning; and on the same day the garrison marched out with all the honours of war, and were escorted to Douay. On this oc- casion the confederate chiefs vied with each other in testimonies of respect to the gallant defender of the place, who obtained not only the merited rewards of his own sovereign, but the admira- tion of his conquerors. Thus terminated a siege which may be justly regarded as one of the most arduous and difficult, as well as one of the longest and most sanguinary, in modern warfare, having been invested by the allies on the 11th of August. The loss of the garrison amounted to eight thousand men; and that of the besiegers, in killed, wounded, and incapable, to no less than fourteen thousand. 1767. On the 7th of December, a force under Col. Smith relieved Amboor, which had been bravely defended for nearly a month against the whole force of the enemy by Capt. Calvert, with fifteen Europeans and the 10th regiment of sepoys 500 strong, — for which gallant defence that regiment had the honorary distinction of having the word “ Amboor” emblazoned on its colours. On the 8th, Smith pushed after the enemy, whom he found drawn up in a strong position at Vaniambaddy. The enemy’s guns were quickly withdrawn, and his cavalry and infantry co- vered their retreat, — their cattle and equipments being so superior to those of the British, that it was found impossible to overtake them. 1824. Defeat of Burmese. — On the evening of the 7th of December, the first Madras Euro- pean regiment, with detachments from several other corps, em- barked at Dali ah Creek, on board the ship Fort William, and about 2 o’clock on the morning of the 8th proceeded up the river in 362 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 9. boats, with the intention of sur- prising a large force of the enemy strongly posted at Dali ah. The Burmese made but a slight resist- ance, and the stockades were speedily carried. At noon the troops moved forward, and at- tacked several strong and exten- sive stockades at some distance higher up the river. These were firmly resisted ; but, after a hard day’s work, they were all carried, with severe loss to the enemy, and considerable to the British. December 9 . 1776. Capture of Rhode Island. — Towards the end of November, it was determined to make an attack upon Rhode Island, which was the principal station of the enemy’s naval force, and whence they sent swarms of privateers, that greatly annoyed the British commerce, both in America and the West Indies. The troops destined for this ser- vice were commanded by Lord Clinton, and consisted of two brigades of British and two of Hessians, with some light in- fantry, artillery, &c., and the command of the co-operating fleet was given to Sir Peter Parker. The transports conveying the troops sailed from New York on the 1st of December, and pro- ceeded by way of the Sound ; whilst the ships of war sailed by way of Sandy-Hook, and, coasting along Long Island, on the 5th joined Commodore Hotliam in Black- Point bay, where the fleet having arrived, the whole weighed on the 6th, and on the 7 th anchored off Weaver’s Cove, in Rhode Is- land. On the 8th the fleet again weighed, and proceeded up the West, or Narreganset Passage. Gen. Clinton having reconnoitred the coast, the disembarkation of the troops was effected at daybreak on the 9 th, without opposition. The rebels, quitting the works, retired to Bristol Ferry, and were pursued by the grenadiers and light infantry of the army, commanded by Major-General Prescot, supported by a body of troops under Lieut.-Gen. the Earl of Percy. The enemy were com- pelled to quit a small fort op- posite to Bristol Ferry, and retire to the continent with great pre- cipitation, with the loss of two guns and several prisoners. A battalion being detached, took possession of Newport, the capital of the island, where they found some stores and cannon aban- doned by the enemy in their pre- cipitate retreat. 1813. Passage of the Nive. — Lieut.-Gen. Beresford laid his pontoons down in the night of the 8th, and in the morning of the 9th December a beacon-light on the heights of Cambo gave the signal of attack. The pas- sage of the Nive was immediately forced under the fire of the artil- lery, the second bridge was laid, and D’Armagnac’s brigade driven back by the 6th division ; but the swampy nature of the country so retarded the march of the allies that the French were en- abled to retreat with little loss. At the same time Hill’s troops, also covered by the artillery, forced the passage in three co- lumns above and below Cambo, with slight resistance, although the fords were deep and the French strongly posted. Foy, seeing that his retreat was en- dangered, retired hastily, leaving his right under Gen. Beryer at Ilalzou. Morillo crossed at Itzassu, and followed Gen. Paris as he retired to Hellctte. Gen. Hill having won the passage, after placing a brigade to sup- December 20. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 363 port the cavalry sent to scour the roads towards Lahoussa and St. Jean Pied.de Port, marched with the rest of* his division to the heights of Lormenthoa, where he was joined by the sixth divi- sion, the third remaining to cover the bridge of Ustaritz. It was now about one o’clock, when Soult, arriving from Bayonne, offered battle, and a heavy skir- mish took place along the front ; but no general attack was made, because the roads had retarded the rear of Hill’s columns. How- ever, about three o’clock the Por- tuguese of the sixth division, de- scending from Lormenthoa, drove D’Armagnac’s brigade with sharp fighting out of Villefranque. A brigade of the second division was then established in advance, connecting Hill’s corps with the troops in Villefranque. Thus three divisions of infantry hemmed up four French divisions. Wel- lington thus far overreached his able adversary. In order to pre- vent an overpowering attack on Morillo or the brigade left at Urcuray, while Soult, with fresh divisions, attacked Hill and Be- resford in front, Wellington caused the corps of Alten and Hope to march from St. J ean de Luz on the night of the 8th ; and about eight o’clock on the morn- ing of the 9th Hope passed be- tween the tanks of Barrouilhet with his right, while his left descended from the platform of Bidart, and ■crossed the valley towards Bia- ritz. The French outposts re- tired fighting, and Hope, sweep- ing with a half-circle to his right, preceded by his guns and many skirmishers, arrived in front of the intrenched camp about one o’clock, with his right in com- munication with Alten. That general, having a shorter dis- tance to move, halted about Bus- sussary and Arcangues, while Hope’s crescent was closing on the French camp ; and then he also advanced, meeting with little resistance. Three divisions, some cavalry, and the unattached bri- gades, equal to a fourth division, sufficed, therefore, to keep six French divisions in check on this side. When evening closed, the allies fell back towards their ori- ginal positions. The whole day’s fighting cost about 800 men for each side, the loss of the allies being rather greater on the left bank of the Nive than on the right. December 10. 1758. Defeat of the French near Oondore. — On the 10th December, M. De Conflans drew up his force in a strong position near Condore ; it consisted of 500 Europeans, 36 pieces of cannon, 8000 native foot, and 500 horse. Col. Forde, with 470 Europeans, 1900 sepoys, 6 field-pieces and a howitzer, eight battering guns and three mortars ; whilst the rajah had 500 horse, 5000 variously armed infantry, and 4 pieces of artillery. Placing no reliance on the rajah’s army, the colonel or- de^sdJt to form in the rear, with the exception of the renegade Europeans, who were in line with the British guns on the left of the European corps, which was in the centre of the line, having the artillery on the flanks and the sepoys formed on each wing. Both forces had advanced towards each other, when the sepoys giv- ing way, the battalion of India rushed eagerly on ; but the Eu- ropean regiment forming line in front of the sepoys, poured in a well-directed volley, and then rushing on the charge, overthrew the French. Their loss amounted 364 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. December 10. to 6 officers and 70 men killed and wounded, and the same num- ber made prisoners. Thirty-two pieces of brass cannon, seven mortars, and all their camp equi- page, were captured. 1759. Surrender of Wan- dewash. — As the enemy made no attempt to interrupt the siege of Wandewash, Colonel Coote moved against the strong fort of Caran- gooly, built of stone, with round bastions at each of the four cor- ners, and square towers at inter- vals along the faces ; and before the main wall and bastions was a fausse-braye and wet ditch. The French had thrown up a glacis before it, except under the north-east bastion, where it had not been finished. On the 4th December, the troops occupied the pettah, and by the 6th had erected two batteries which played on the towers and bastions along the north face; and on the 7th a mortar planted to the north- west enfiladed the face attacked. The fire continued until the 10th, when the garrison surrendered. 1813. Second Action on the Nive. — At daybreak on the 10th December, Gen. Reille marched, with Boyer’s and Maucune’s divisions, Sparre’s cavalry, and thirty guns, against Hope, by the main road. He was followed by Eoy and Villatte ; but Clauzel assembled his force in front of Bussussary, and one of D’Erlon’s divisions approached the bridge of Urdains. Soon after dawn the light troops of the French were discovered thickly spread over the country, and at the same time the heads of columns could be observed advancing. General Kempt, who was with the pick- ets, placed the reserves of his brigade in the church and man- sion-house of Arcangues. Mean- while the French, creaking forth | with loud cries and a rattling musketry, fell upon the pickets of the 43rd regiment, and a cloud of skirmishers penetrating be- tween them and the 52nd, sought to turn both ; but though the fire of the French was sharp, the in- stant the open ground of Bussus- sary was attained, the crowd of fugitives became a compact body, deriding the fruitless efforts of their adversaries. D’Armagnac’s division of D’Erlon’s corps now rushed close up to the bridge of Urdains, and Clauzel assembled his three divisions by degrees at Bussussary. The position was, however, safe, being defended by Hope’s division. Clauzel brought up twelve guns to the ridge, from which they threw shot and shells into the churchyard of Arcangues, and four or five hundred men rushed forward ; but a heavy fire from the 43rd repelled them, and their guns were also driven be- yond the ridge. The French were, in like manner, kept at bay by the riflemen in the village and the 52nd. Reille assailed the ridge of Barrouilhet about nine o’clock ; but the roads were so heavy that it was midday before their line of battle was filled. This delay saved the allies, as the attack was so unexpected that the first division and Lord Aylmer’s brigade were at rest in St. Jean de Luz when the action commenced. The latter did not reach the position until eleven, and the guards before three o’clock. By degrees Reille’s both divisions became engaged, and some of Villatte’s reserve also entered the fight. Among the gallant exploits of the day, the charge of the 9th regiment deserves particular no- tice. A French regiment having passed unseen in small bodies through the Portuguese, was ra- pidly forming into line on the December 11 * CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 365 rear. Col. Cameron faced about 1 and marched in line against them, under a sharp fire ; until the ninth closed, and sprang forward to the charge, when the French line broke and fled in disorder ; but the greater part were made pri- soners. The final result of the battle was the repulse of Reille’s divisions; but Villatte still me- naced the right flank, and Foy threatened Hope’s flank at Bar- rouilhet. The Anglo-Portuguese army sustained a loss of 1200 killed and wounded, and 300 pri- soners. The French lost about 2000 men. December 11. 1777. Americans defeated. — Lord Cornwallis, with Major- Gen. Grant under his command, passed the Schuylkill at day- break, with a strong corps, and the waggons of the army, to col- lect forage for the winter supply. The rebels having quitted their camp at White Marsh some hours before his lordship began his march, the head of their army fell in with his detachment at a bridge which they had thrown over the Schuylkill, near to Mat- son’s ford, about three miles be- low Swede’s ford, and fifteen miles distant from Philadelphia. Over this bridge the enemy had passed eight hundred men, who were immediately dispersed by the British advanced corps, and part of them obliged to recross it. This excited such alarm in the rebel army as induced them to break down the bridge. The Bri- tish, meeting no further inter- ruption, returned to camp about nine o’clock the same evening. 1780. Mahrattas defeated. — Gen. Goddard having received information that Holkar and Scindiah were prevented inter- fering with his operations, re- ] solved to lay siege to Bassein ; at the same time Col. Hantley was sent into the Concan to secure the revenues of that country for the Bombay authorities, and also to cover the besieging army. Hantley expelled the Mahrattas from the Concan, and took up a position near the Bhore Ghaut, whence he retreated to Doogaur, on the approach of an enormous hostile force. Here he was at- tacked, on the 10th and 11th December, by twenty thousand Mahrattas, whom he completely defeated, with the loss of their general. Bassein surrendered at discretion to Gen. Goddard, who then advanced upon Poonah, but was so severely assailed by the Mahratta army, as he descended the Bhore Ghaut, that he imme- diately returned. 1813. Third Combat on the Nive. — In the night of the 10th December, Gen. Reille withdrew behind the tanks as far as Pucho. Foy and Villatte likewise drew back towards Bussussary, thus connecting with Clauzel’s left and D’Erlon’s reserve ; so that on the morning of the 11th, with the exception of D’Armagnac’s division, which remained at Ur- dains, the French army was con- centrated. About two o’clock in the afternoon, Darricau’s division attacked Barrouilhet, while Boyer moved on the main road between the tanks, and penetrated the British position in various direc- tions. Robinson’s brigade was sharply attacked ; but the 9th regiment, posted on the main road, resisted Boyer’s advance ; and the 85tli was also sharply engaged. Sir John Hope, con- spicuous from his gigantic stature and heroic courage, was seen wherever danger pressed, rally- ing his troops, and, although se- verely wounded in the ankle, 366 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 12. would not quit the field ; and his great presence of mind and calm intrepidity restored the battle. The French were finally beaten back from the position of Bar- rouilhet ; yet they recovered their original posts, and continued to gall the allies with a fire of shot and shells until the fall of night. The total loss on this day was about six hundred men on each side ; and as the fifth division was now considerably reduced in numbers, the first took its place on the front line. Meanwhile Soult sent his cavalry over the Nive to Mousseroles, to check the incursions of Hill’s horsemen. December 12. 1562. English, Scotch, and French protestants, under the Earl of Warwick, defeated the French in a sharp skirmish be- fore the walls of Harfleur, from which city the French had sallied. They were driven back with great vigour, and many slain under the very walls. 1813. Fourth Combat on the Nive. — The rain fell heavily during the night of the 11th of December, and though the morn- ing broke fair, neither side seemed inclined to recommence hostili- ties. The advanced posts were, however, very close to each other, and about ten o’clock, the French general, imagining that an attack was intended, reinforced his front. This movement causing an English battery to fall into the same error, it opened upon the advancing French troops, and in an instant the whole line of posts was engaged. The enemy then brought up a number of guns; the firing continued with- out an object for many hours, and three or four hundred of a side were killed and wounded. Soult, believing that the allies meditated an attack upon his centre, after leaving two divisions and Vil- latte’s reserve in the intrenched camp, marched with the other seven to Mousseroles, intending to fall upon Hill. That general had pushed his scouting parties to the Gambouri; and when General Sparre’s horsemen arrived at Mousseroles on the 12th, Pierre Soult advanced from the Bidouze, with all his light cavalry, sup- ported by the infantry of Gen. Paris, who drove the allies’ posts from Hasparen. Col. Brotherton, was then ordered to charge with the 14th dragoons across the bridge; but this movement was found impracticable, and that gal- lant officer, with one or two daring followers, were taken prisoners. Col. Vivian, to retrieve this error, charged with his whole brigade to rescue them, yet in vain, and was forced to fall back upon Urcu- ray. While a division of Galla- cians was brought forward to St. Jean de Luz, in support of Hope, and one of Andalusians ! towards the upper valley of the Nive, Gen. Hill had taken a posi- tion of battle on a front of two miles. His left, under Gen. Pringle, occupied a wooded and broken range, covering the new pontoon bridge of communication. The centre, placed on both sides the high-road near the hamlet of St. Pierre, was composed of Ash- worth’s Portuguese and Barnes’s British brigade; and twelve guns, under Col. Ross, were concen- trated in front. The right was under Gen. Byng, with the 3rd infantry posted on a height in advance. One mile in front of St. Pierre, was a range of counter heights, belonging to the French; but they could not approach in force, except on a narrow front of battle, and by the high-road uBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS December 13. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 167 until within cannon-shot, and then only by two narrow danes, which led to the positions held by the 3rd regiment and General Pringle’s corps. During the night the rain swelled the Nive, and carried away the allies’ bridge of communication; and on the morning of the 13th, Gen. Hill was completely cut off from the rest of the army, while 35,000 combatants appoached him in front, and an eighth division and cavalry threatened his rear. December 13. 1778. Invasion of St. Lucie. — A fleet under Admiral Bar- rington, with transports, sailed from Carlisle Bay on the 12th of December, and on the afternoon of the 13th the whole anchored in the Grand Cul de Sac, off the island of St. Lucie. The troops being prepared for disembarka- tion, the first division, under Bri- gadier-Gen. Meadows, effected a landing, and were immediately supported by the brigade of Gen. Prescott. The remainder, under Brigadier-Gen. Sir H. Calder, were landed on the next morn- ing. General Meadows, having promptly pushed forward with his division, compelled the Cheva- lier De Micond, with a corps of regular troops and militia, to abandon the heights on the north side of the bay. In the mean- while Gen. Prescott guarded the environs, at the same time keep- ing open a communication with Gen. Meadows. 1813. Battle of St. Pierhe. - — While Gen. Hill, as we have just related, was threatened with an attack from an army of 40,000 men, he had to meet this force in his front with less than 1 4,000 men, with fourteen guns, and there were only four thousand Spaniards, with Vivian’s cavalry, atUrcuray. On the morning of the 13th of December, Soult formed his order of battle under cover of a heavy mist, and at half-past eight, as the sun broke out, the British pickets in the centre were pushed back; and while the fire of the light troops spread wide in the valley, and crept up the hills on either flank, the roar of forty pieces of artillery shook the banks of the Hive and the Adour. Darricau, on the French right, moved against Gen. Pringle. D’Armagnac, on their left, was ordered to force Byng ; whilst Abbe assailed the centre at Sfc. Pierre, where Gen. Stewart com- manded, — for Sir Rowland Hill had taken his station on a com- manding eminence in the rear. Abbe pushed his attack with such vigour, that he gained the top of the position and drove back the Portuguese and the 50th regi- ment. The 92nd regiment was then moved forward, and charged two French regiments so deter- minedly that the mass gave way; but Soult redoubling the play of his guns, the cannonade and musketry became so destructive that the 92nd slowly regained its former position behind St. Pierre. Gen. Barnes, seeing that hard fighting only could save the posi- tion, ordered the Portuguese ar- tillery to resume their fire, whilst the wing of the 50th and ca£a- dores gallantly held the small wood on the right; but Barnes was soon wounded, and the matter grew desperate. While Pringle was contending with Darricau’s superior numbers on the hill of Villefranque, and D’Armagnac was bearing heavily upon Byng, Foy’s and Maransin’s divisions were moving into action to support Abbe. Thus, at the decisive moment of the battle, the 368 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 15. French reserve was augmented Nevertheless the wood was main- tained with such unflinching courage, that the 92nd, being re- formed, was led by Col. Cameron once more down the road, with colours flying and music playing, resolved to give the shock to whatever stood in the way. In- spired by this sight, the British skirmishers on the flanks rushed forward and drove the enemy back; yet the battle seemed hope- less, for Ashworth was badly wounded and Barnes shot through the body. The enemy did not, however, -wait to en- counter the 92nd, but retired across the valley to their original position. It was now twelve o’clock, and Hill had reinforced his position by the 4th division and several brigades, when Wel- lington arrived to witness the close of the battle. The crisis was past: Hill’s day of glory was complete. Soult’s loss in this sanguinary battle was not less than 3000, making a total on the five days’ fighting of 6000 men, with two generals, Villatte and Maucomble, wounded. The allies had three generals and 1500 men killed and wounded on the 13th; and during the five days, 5019, including Gens. Hope, Robinson, Barnes, Lecor, and Ashworth. Of this number 500 were taken prisoners. December 14. 1778. Reduction of, St. Lucie. — At daybreak on the 14th of December, Brigadier Meadows advanced with the re- serve, and, supported by the first brigade under Gen. Prescott, took possession of Morne Fortunee, the governor’s house, the hospital, barracks, and all the stores and magazines of the island. Although all the passes are remarkably strong and difficult of access, yet the advance of the British was so very rapid, that the French governor was driven from post to post. After a short halt, the troops took possession of the peninsula called La Vigie, which entirely commands the north side of the Carenage harbour; whilst Gen. Calder guarded the landing-place, kept open the communication with the fleet, and occupied se- veral strong posts on the moun- tains which command the south side of the Grand Cul de Sac. Just as all these important sta- tions were properly secured the Ariadne frigate came in sight, with the signal indicating the approach of the enemy’s fleet of twelve sail of the line, under Adm. D’Estaing. The night of the 14th afforded no repose after the great fatigue which both the army as well as the fleet had un- dergone through the day. All the posts were strengthened, and the navy were busily employed in placing the ships in the best pos- ture of defence. December 15. 1803. Surrender of Gaw- lighur. — The success of General Wellesley in the Deccan, and the defeat of the enemy at Argaum on the 29 th of November, was followed by the siege of Gawli- ghur, and its surrender on the 15th of December. The Rajah of Berar was the first to yield : he ceded a large portion of his terri- tories to the English and their allies, abandoned ail claims of chout upon the Nizam, and con- sented that no European should be admitted into his dominions without the permission of the British government. Accredited ministers from each of the con- tracting parties were to reside at December 16. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 369 the court of the other, and the rajah very reluctantly received a resident at Nagpore. Scindiah held out a fortnight longer, but finally yielded to similar terms; but he had to sacrifice a much larger portion both of ter- ritory and influence than his ally. 1824. Stockades stormed. — Bandoola, having rallied his forces, occupied a very strong stockaded position at Kokien, three miles from the Great Pagoda, with 25,000 men. On the 15th of December, Sir A. Campbell, with a force of 1300 British infantry, moved out to attack him, formed in two columns, each headed by a detachment of pioneers carrying ladders. The Burmese opened a heavy and well-directed fire, from which Hull's 13th regiment, mov- ing to take the enemy in flank, suf- fered a loss of three officers and seventy men killed and wounded, out of 200 men present on the occasion; nevertheless the stock- ades were carried most gallantly, and the enemy driven from them with very heavy loss, leaving be- hind baggage, arms, and ammuni- tion. It is computed that, from the 1st to the 15th of December, there fell of the Burmese not less than six thousand men, of whom many were chiefs and officers of rank ; while the total of the British killed and wounded did not ex- ceed forty officers and five hundred rank and file. December 16. 1817. Battle of Nagpore. — The complete defeat of the Mah- rattas at the battle of Scetabaldee, and the approach of the reinforce- ments which had been ordered to advance, so entirely destroyed all hope of success in the mind of Appah Saib, that he commenced a negotiation for a renewal of friendship, with a solemn declara- tion that the late attack upon the British troops had been made without his will or consent. He was ordered to withdraw his army from the vicinity of the scene of action before any answer could be returned to his commu- nications. He immediately com- plied with this demand ; and, dur- ing the period which intervened between the removal of his troops and the arrival of Brigadier-Gen. Doveton’s army, the advance of which reached Nagpore on the 12th of December, this infatuated prince continued making protes- tations of submission, but pursu- ing at the same time a weak and vacillating course of conduct. Soon after Gen. Doveton’s arrival preliminary terms were offered to Appah Saib, requiring him to de- liver up his ordnance and mili- tary stores, to disband his Arabs immediately, and the rest of his troops in a reasonable time, to allow Nagpore to be occupied by the British, and to repair to the residency until the terms of the treaty were finally arranged. Al- though these conditions greatly limited his power, they still left to him the name and functions of sovereignty, of which it was the wish of the Governor- General that he should be deprived. Local circumstances, however, induced Mr. Jenkins to continue, if pos- sible, the rule of Appah Saib; and he therefore urged upon that prince a speedy acceptance of the proffered terms. After many evasions and efforts to ob- tain delay, he yielded to the pro- posal, and repaired to the British residency, attended by some of his ministers. On the 16th of De- cember, the troops having made a weak attempt at resistance, were attacked and routed. The horse dispersed in every quarter, r» b 370 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 17 , a greater part of them retiring to their homes; a large corps of Arabs, however, retreated into the city, and to a fort within the palace, which they defended for some days, and then capitulated. The Marquis of Hastings directed that the provisional engagements made with Appah Saib should be embodied in a treaty; but be- fore the instructions for the final arrangements could reach Nag- pore, another revolution had taken place in that capital. December 17. 1778. Defeat of the French at St. Lucie. — In the course of the night of the 16th of Decem- ber, the French landed a large body of troops, amounting to about nine thousand men, in Choc bay. In the morning of the 17 th, the enemy having re- solved to attack the post of the Vigie held by Gen. Meadows, they advanced in three columns : that on the right led by the Comte D’Estaing, and the centre by M. De Lowendahl, and that on the left by the Marquis de Bouille, Governor of Martinique. The remainder of the French troops were kept in reserve, to watch the British force to the southward of the Carenage bay, and to check any attempt they might make to succour Gen. Meadows. The neck of land which joined the penin- sula of the Vigie to the island was flat for a considerable extent; and this was the only road by which the French troops could approach to the heights occupied by the British. The enemy rushed on to the attack with their charac- teristic impetuosity; but it is im- possible to describe the intrepid firmness with which they were received. In the various attacks made by the troops under Gen. Meadows, in gaining possession of the Vigie, much of their ammuni- tion had been expended, and as their detached situation had pre- vented a supply being sent to them, it was far from complete when the French made their as- sault on that post. As it was therefore necessary to restrict the firing as much as possible, the enemy were allowed to close until every shot took effect, and then the British, moving forward 'with the bayonet, soon compelled them to retire, with the loss of seventy men. They, however, soon rallied, and although they vigorously re- newed the attack, the British de- fended their posts with such reso- lution that the assailants were again driven down the hill with heavy loss. Notwithstanding these reverses, the French generals gal- lantly led on their columns to make another effort to carry the heights ; but this third attempt neither continued long, nor was it so violent as the other two had been; and as they were soon dis- persed by the rapid advance of the British troops, they became ex- posed to the fire of the several batteries on the south side of the Carenage harbour. These were so well served as to compel a ship of the line, sent to cover the operations of the troops, to with- draw and rejoin her squadron. The enemy left on the field or battle four hundred killed, five hundred dangerously, and six hundred slightly wounded; whilst the loss of the British was only ten men killed and one hundred and thirty wounded. 1842. Triumphant Return from Cabul. — After a severe chastisement by the force de- tached from the army of General Nott, under Major-Gen. M‘Caskill, Cabul was abandoned on the 12th of October. While returning December 18 . CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 371 through the defiles, the remains of the soldiers murdered months before, and which had lain un- buried, were consigned to the earth. Khoord Cabul was passed without molestation ; but in the Tzeen valley the mountaineers took advantage of the night to fire on the troops : the fortified house of the chief, one of their most infuriated opponents, was destroyed. At Jugduiluk a des- perate attack was made on the baggage, but nothing was lost. The fortifications of Jellalabad were blown up; and as the army approached the formidable Khy- ber, the chiefs sent a deputation to inquire what would be given for a safe passage. “ Nothing,” was the reply. On the 27th, Ge- nerals Pollock and M‘Caskill started with their divisions, and Nott followed on the 29th. A persevering opposition w r as made. Pollock lost some men and a quantity of baggage ; but he reached Peshawur on the 3rd -of November. The column of M‘Caskill, which suffered severely, losing two officers and 60 sepoys, reached on the 5th. Nott, with the rear, having destroyed the fort of Ali Musjid, arrived on the 6th. He had been furiously assailed, but lost nothing of his baggage, and had four killed, and two officers and nineteen men wounded. From Peshawur to Ferozepore the troops passed quietly through the Sikh country. At the Indus they were met, on the 17 th of December, by the Governor-General and the Com- mander-in-chief, who received them in a triumphant manner, and with every honour. Dis- tinctions, medals, and rewards were bestowed. Among the tro- phies brought by General Nott w r ere the celebrated Sandal-wood gates, taken one thousand years previously from Somnath by Mahmood of Ghuznee, together with a mace found on his tomb. December 18. 1845. Battle of Moodkee. — The disorganised state of the Lahore during the two years pre- ceding the invasion of the British territory in the month of Decem- ber, had made it incumbent on the Indian Government to pre- serve peaceful relations, and, at the same time, adopt precautionary measures for the protection of the frontiers. On the march of the Sikh army, the British agent at Lahore demanded an explanation of their movement, but no reply was given. The demand being repeated without success, the fron- tier posts were reinforced ; and on the invasion being effected, a pro- clamation was issued by the Go- vernor-General, from his camp at Lushkeree, on the 13th of that month, declaring all the posses- sions of Maharajah Dhuleep Sing on the left bank of the Sutledge confiscated and annexed to the British territories, — at the same time directing the inhabitants and their chiefs to second their new rulers. The campaign was looked upon with intense interest, not only in India, but in Europe ; for the discipline, as well as the fana- ticism of the Sikh soldiery, and of the Askatees, in particular, had created a deep impression. These troops, commanded by Tej Sing, an officer of high reputation, crossed the Sutledge with their heavy artillery, on the 15th De- cember; and on the 16th, having approached towards Ferozepore, they moved to an intrenched po- sition at the village of Ferozeshah, about ten miles from the former place, and nearly equidistant from Moodkee. Ferozepore was B b 2 372 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 20. garrisoned by 7000 men, under Major -Gen. Sir John Littler, with 21 guns. After some feints, the Sikh army, finding that the Governor- General and the Com- mander-in-chief were hastening to support Sir John Littler’s di- . vision at the rate of thirty miles per day, moved off to intercept them. On the 11th December, the head- quarters of Sir Hugh Gough were at Umballah, one hundred and fifty miles from Moodkee; but on the 18th, by double marches on alternate days, the troops reached that village, after traversing roads of heavy sand, and suffering much from want of water. At three o’clock in the afternoon, the Sikhs ad- vanced, to the number of from fifteen to twenty thousand in- fantry, an equal force of cavalry, and forty guns, hoping to surprise the British general. The country is a dead flat, covered at short intervals with low, and occasion- ally thick jungles, and dotted with sand hillocks, behind which the enemy screened their infantry and artillery. The Sikhs quickly commenced the battle by a furious cannonade. This was answered by the well-directed fire of the British, which speedily pa- ralysed the enemy’s movements. A judicious cavalry attack was made on their left flank, by which their horsemen were put to flight and their rear swept of infantry and guns. The British infantry then advanced under a heavy fire, and with the bayonet captured seventeen guns, some of them of large calibre. Night closing in, the carnage ceased, and the British remained masters of the field. The force engaged consisted of 3S50 Europeans and 8500 sepoys, making a total of 12,350 rank and file, with 42 guns. Their loss amounted to 215 killed and 659 wounded. Amongst the former were Major- Gens. Sir Robert Sale and Sir John M‘Caskill. December 19. 1813. Reduction of Fort Niagara. — On the 19th of No- vember, at about five o’clock in the morning, a force of 550 rank and file, under Lieut. - Colonel Murray, consisting of the flank companies of the 41st regiment, the grenadiers of the Royal Scots and the effective of the 100th regiment, in their advance to the assault of Fort Niagara, cut off two pickets, and surprised the sentinel on the glacis at the gate, by which means they obtained the watchword. While Captain Martin, with three companies of the 100th regiment, stormed the eastern bastion, five companies of the same regiment entered the fort by the main gate, which had been left open for the relief of the sentries. The American guard now rushed out of the south-east block-house and showed some re- sistance, but the British bayonet soon overpowered them. The garrison, amounting to 429, sus- tained a loss of 65 killed; twenty effected their escape, and the re- mainder were made prisoners. The loss of the British amounted to six men killed ; Lieut.-Col. Murray, and fourteen wounded. December 20. 1746. Fort St. David. — The French had nothing to dread from the Nabob of Arcot, whose friend- ship they reported had been pur- chased by a large sum of money, and who assigned as a reason for his not obliging them to desist from all hostilities by land against the British, that they had sur- December 21. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 373 rendered Madras before he had time to arrive with his army to its relief. What the French said of him was true ; for M. Dupleix, so far from refraining from hosti- lities by land, made every prepa- ration to lay siege to fort St. David, appearing several times, before that place in force, and on the 20th December was so vigorously received, that he was compelled to retire. On the ar- rival of Commodore Griffin from England, to assume the command of the fleet, M. Dupleix desisted from any further attempts on that settlement, and recalled his troops to Pondicherry and its environs. 1811. Siege of Tarifa. — The garrison, including 600 Spanish infantry and one hundred horse, amounted to 2500 men, who were posted in the following manner: — Seven hundred were in the is- land, one hundred in the Catalina, two hundred in the convent, and fifteen hundred in the town. On the 19 th December, the enemy having driven in the advanced posts, were encountered with a sharp skirmish, and designedly led towards the eastern front. On the 20th the place was invested. December 21. 1791. Reduction of Severn- droog. — The fortress of Severn- droog, “ the Rock of Death,” was built on a rock above half a mile in perpendicular height, sur- rounded by a jungle several miles in depth, and defended by thickets of planted bamboos. The strength of the mountain had been in- creased by enormous walls and barriers defending every acces- sible point, and to these advan- tages was added the division of the mountain, by a great chasm, into two parts at the top, on each of which was erected a citadel; yet this formidable fortress was taken by storm on the 21st De- cember, with no other casualty than one soldier wounded. 1808. Defeat of tiie Enemy at Sahagun. — The British force under Lieut.-Gen. Sir John Moore on the 29th December was nomi- nally 35,000 men, but, allowing for several regiments detached, the actual number under arms was only 19,053 infantry, 2278 ca- valiy, 1358 gunners, forming a total of 23,583 men, with sixty pieces of artillery. In the night of the 20th, the 10th and 15th British hussars, quitting Melgar Abaxo during the night, arrived close to Sahagun before daylight on the 21st. The 10th marched straight to the town, whilst the 15th turned it by the right, and endeavoured to cut off the enemy; but the alarm being given, Lord Paget, with 400 of the 1 5th, on arriving at the rear of the village, was opposed by a line of 600 French dragoons. The 10th not being in sight, the 15th charged and broke the enemy’s line, and pursued them to some distance. Fifteen to twenty killed, two lieutenant-colonels and eleven other officers, with 1 54 men, pri- soners, were the result of this affair, which lasted about twenty minutes. 1817. Battle of Maiiedpore. — Shortly after daylight on 21st December, the English army, un- der Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Hi slop, came in sight of Ilolkar’s cam]) near the town of Mahed- pore, within a bend of the Seepra river, which covered the left flank, the right being protected by a deep ravine; and in front seventy guns were ranged in the form of a crescent. From this formidable artillery the British suffered se- verely in passing the ford. When the whole had formed on the op- B B 3 374 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 21, posite bank, Sir John Malcolm commenced the attack by ad- vancing on rtie enemy’s left, car- ried a village and batteries with the bayonet, and at the same time the cavalry made a brilliant charge on their right wing, and routed it. On the advance of the reserves under Sir Thomas His- lop, the enemy’s infantry retired ; but their artillerymen stood to their guns to the last. The Mah- rattas having again formed, were seen standing in a hollow near the bank of the river beyond Doodlie. Sir John Malcolm im- mediately moved upon them, and having captured all their guns compelled them to retire across the river, where they were pur- sued by the cavalry and two light infantry battalions until night- fall. The enemy lost 3000 men, all their guns (sixty-three), tum- brils, baggage, and their camp. The British had 778 men killed and wounded. 1845. Battle of Ferozeshaii. — During the halt of two days after the battle of Moodkee, the Governor- General, having offered his military services to Sir Hugh Gough, was appointed second in command of the army. The troops commenced their march at 3 o’clock in the morning of 21st December, in two columns, and arrived opposite the Sikh camp before noon, where they were shortly afterwards joined by the division of 5500 men, with 21 guns, under Major-Gen. Sir John Littler, from Ferozepore ; and the British army now consisted of 5674 Europeans and 12,053 se- poys, making a total of 17,727 men, with 65 guns. According to the Sikhs’ account, their army consisted of 25,000 regular troops and 88 guns, which, with the ir- regulars, amounted to upwards of 35,000. Besides this force, Tej Sing, with 23,000 regulars and 67 guns, was only ten miles dis- tant. The enemy’s intrenchment was in the form of a parallelo- gram, of about a mile in length and half a mile in breadth, in- cluding within its area the strong village of Ferozeshah, or Feroz- shurr, the shorter sides looking towards the Sutledge and Mood- kee. The three British divisions were placed in line, with artillery in the centre, led by Major-Gens. Gilbert and Littler, and Brigadier Wallace, with three troops of horse artillery on either flank ; the reserve under Major- Gen. Sir Harry Smith, with the cavalry, formed the reserve. The action commenced by the artillery ; but, finding that the Sikhs’ guns could not be silenced, the infantry ad- vanced under a murderous dis- charge of round and grape, and captured the cannon with match- less gallantry. Littler’s division, having edged away to the left and caused an opening in the line, became so severely cut up by the enemy’s batteries as to be com- pelled to retire : the left brigade of the reserve moved forward with the greatest energy to fill up the vacancy thus occasioned. Gil- bert’s and Wallace’s divisions were alike successful ; but when all the batteries seemed to be within our grasp, the night set in, and the troops were directed to form in contiguous columns at quarter distance, about 200 yards from the enemy’s camp. About 12 o’clock at night, the Sikhs having brought some guns to bear with great effect, the 88th regiment, supported by the 1st Bengal Europeans, drove a large body of the enemy, and, having spiked the guns, resumed its po- sition at the head of the column. By daylight the troops deployed into line, and the arrangements December 22. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 375 for renewing the attack having been made, the Commander-in- chief placed himself on the right and Sir Henry Hardinge on the left. December 22. 1759. Battle of Wandewash. — Colonel Coote, who opened the campaign with the capture of Wandewash, and made a rapid advance, took up a position on 22nd December before the French under Lally could form their lines in an attempt to recover that place. At the very commence- ment of the action the French cavalry fled as if seized by a sudden panic, without striking a blow. The infantry opened an ineffectual fire, but, pressing for- ward, broke through the English battalion. This apparent success was, however, fatal, for the severed ranks of the British overlapped the flanks of the assailing co- lumn, and completely routed it by a well-directed fire. A panic now seized the whole French line, and their intrenchments were carried at the point of the bayonet. Bussy, who attempted to recover them, was dismounted and made prisoner. It was no longer a battle, but a rout. The cavalry, which had behaved so badly in the action, covered the enemy’s retreat with great gal- lantry, so that Lally was enabled to carry off his wounded and his light baggage ; but his artillery and heavy train were abandoned to the victors. 1811. Siege of Tarifa. — On the 21st December, a picket of French troops having incau- tiously advanced towards the western front, Capt. Wren, of the 11th regiment, suddenly descend- ed from the Catalina, and carried them off. In the night, the enemy approached close to the walls ; but on the morning of the 22nd, Capt. Wren again came down from the Catalina, and at the same time the troops sallied from the convent, with a view to dis- cover the position of the enemy’s advanced posts. So daring was this sortie that Mr. Welstead, of the 82nd, actually pushed into one of their camps and captured a field -piece ; and although he was unable to bring it off in the face of the French reserves, the latter were drawn under the fire of the ships off the island and of the town, — whereby they suffered se- verely, and could with difficulty recover the captured field-piece from under the guns of the north- east tower. 1845. Battle of Ferozeshah. — As the morning of the 22nd Dec. broke, the Sikhs appeared to be still in possession of a consi- derable portion of the quadrangle. The British still held the re- mainder of the position where they had bivouacked, as we have related on the 21st, their numbers thinned by casualties, and all much exhausted by excessive thirst ; for it has been a long recognised principle in Sikh tac- tics to fix their intrenchments in situations where there is great difficulty to procure water. The British columns having deployed into line, and the two chiefs placing themselves in front, the army moved forward at a steady pace, scarcely firing a shot. The opposition was slight, most of the guns being taken in reverse, and, wheeling round past the village of Ferozeshah, the British swept down the whole left and rear of the enemy’s position, halting at the opposite extremity. A strong Sikh reinforcement, with a large field of artillery, now came up I from the vicinity of Ferozepore, B i» 4 376 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 23. supported by thirty thousand Ghorchurrhas, and driving in the British cavalry, made a deter- mined effort to regain the posi- tion at Ferozeshah, Failing in this attempt, Tej Sing com- menced a demonstration against the village and the left flank, un- der an incessant fire from their artillery, whilst the British, being without communication, could not respond. The cavalry were therefore ordered to threaten both flanks of the enemy. This movement induced the Sikh ge- neral to cease firing and retire from the field. The total loss of the British, in achieving this bril- liant victory, amounted to six hundred and ninety-four men killed and seventeen hundred and twenty-one wounded. The va- lour of the British troops caused great dismay amongst the ma- jority of the turbulent Khalsa soldiery. Some of them attempted to fortify their positions between Ferozepore and Hurecka Ghaut, the principal passage of the river on the road to Lahore ; but these were soon abandoned. The Go- vernor-General refusing to enter into any terms with Tej Sing until the British were under the walls of Lahore, the whole of the Sikhs retired into their own ter- ritory. December 23. 1791. Surrender of Ootra- droog. — Lord Cornwallis, in the persuasion that the garrisons of the neighbouring forts w r ould be impressed with great terror by the fall of Severndroog, lost no time to avail himself of their conster- nation. Captain Welsh, of the Bengal infantry who was posted, with three native battalions and a large body of the Nizam’s horse, at a considerable distance on the left of the position of the army, was accordingly ordered to march with two battalions, before daylight on the morning of the 22nd of December, to the fort of Ramghire, situated about thirty miles from Bangalore, on the great road leading from that place by Anapatam to Seringa- patam; and Lieut.-Col. Stuart was directed, after leaving one native battalion in Severndroog, to march, with the remainder of the corps under his command, on the morning of the 23rd, to invest the strong hill-fort of Ootradroog, which lies about twelve miles to the north-west of the other for- tress. Although Capt. Welsh was not furnished with the means to reduce the fort of Ramghire by force, he, by his address and judicious management, not only succeeded in alarming the kil- lidar of that place and his gar- rison, inducing them to capitulate on the morning of the 24th, but also obtained, in like manner, pos- session of the adjoining fort of Sevenghire. 1804. A few days subsequent to the defeat of the Mahrattas before the fortress of Deig by Col. Monson, Gen. Lake, after a persevering pursuit, overtook Hol- kar’s cavalry at Furruckabad. The surprise would have been complete, had not the accidental explosion of a tumbril, just before the onset, roused the Mahrattas to a sense of their danger. Hol- kar and his immediate followers escaped, but three thousand of his troops were put to the sword. Deig was immediately invested, and, after a siege of ten days, car- ried by storm on the 23rd Decem- ber. Holkar now appeared on the verge of ruin; his territory in the Deccan was reduced; his principal forts in Mai wa, including his capi- tal, Indore, were in the possession December 24. CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 377 of the English, and the fall of Bhurtpore was alone wanting to reduce him to the condition of a helpless fugitive. ? 1814. Defeat of American Army. — On the 23rd of De- cember, the troops under Major- Gen. Keane, destined for the attack of New Orleans, landed at the head of the bayou Catalan at ten o’clock in the forenoon. The light brigade, composed of the 85th and 95th regiments, the rocket corps, and one hundred sappers, with the 4th regiment in support, under Col. Thornton; and the 21st, 44th and 93rd regiments, under Col. Brooke, in reserve. The enemy made a vigorous at- tack on the advanced front ; but finding their efforts unavailing, a large column made another at- tempt, about eleven o’clock, on the centre, and with no better success. As a last effort, the whole Ame- rican force, formed in line, moved upon the light brigade; but Col. Thornton advancing at the charge, so appalled the enemy, that they deemed it prudent to retire; nor did they again venture to show a front. The American force amounted to 5000 men, under the command of Gen. Jackson; and, judging from the number left on the field of battle, their loss must have been very severe. On the part of the British, 46 men were killed, 167 wounded, and 59 missing. December 24. 1791. Reduction of Ootra- droog. — The afternoon of the 23rd of December was employed by Lieut. -Col. Stuart, and by the engineers who had accompanied his detachment, in reconnoitring the fortress of Ootradroog; and he resolved to attack the pettah on the following morning. A de- tachment was accordingly formed for that purpose, under the com- mand of Capt. Scott, of the Bengal infantry, which, on its march towards the fort about nine o’clock in the forenoon, was met by a Brahmin, deputed by the garrison to give assurance that, notwithstanding the resolu- tion of the killidar to the con- trary, they were determined to surrender. The great strength of the place rendered this com- munication highly acceptable ; and Lieut.-Col. Stuart sent back the Brahmin, with an offer of ad- vantageous terms, both to the garrison and the inhabitants, pro- vided they would admit the troops without resistance, and he gave them two hours from ten o’clock to consider, and to make their final decision. The guns of the fort continuing to fire during that interval, and Col. Stuart having also observed other reasons to induce him to believe that the offer of surrender had been a feint, in order to gain time on the part of the garrison, the assail- ing party was held in readiness. No person coming out of the fort at the expiration of the two hours, Capt. Scott was ordered to ad- vance under cover of the fire of some six-pounders, to escalade the pettah, and to make an at- tempt upon the fort, in case he observed any indication of confu- sion or irresolution on the part of the enemy; but the troops, upon ascending the ladders, found that the pettah had been abandoned. Perceiving some signs of con- sternation amongst the enemy upon the walls of the fort, the as sailants attacked them with a valour and confidence, that the recent success at Severndroog could alone have inspired, and met with such feeble resistance that could only be accounted for by the impression of terror 378 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 27. which the fall of that place had made upon the minds of their adversaries. Six distinct high walls of masonry, upon the ascent of a hill of extraordinary steep- ness, were successively and ra- pidly carried ; and nothing could more strongly have marked the panic of the enemy than that, al- though during the assault they kept up a sharp fire, only two soldiers of the 72nd regiment were slightly wounded. The gar- rison consisted of about 600 men, of whom nearly one hundred were killed or wounded; and many perished in attempting to escape over the precipices on the opposite side of the fort. December 25. 1807. The Danish island of St. Croix, in the West Indies, sur- rendered to a force under Major- Gen. Bowyer, embarked in a fleet under Rear-Adm. the Hon. Sir Alexander Cochrane. December 26. 1808. French defeated by Lord Paget. — On the 25th De- cember, Sir John Moore, with the reserve of the British army, fol- lowed the route of the two di- visions under General Hope to Valderas. On the 26th, General Baird passed the Eslaat Valencia with some difficulty, and took post on the other side. The troops of the commander- in - chief approached the bridge of Castro Gonzalo early in the morning, and, under cover of a fog, crossed the river. The left bank being high, and completely commanding the bridge, the se- cond light brigade, under Gen. Robert Crawfurd, with two guns, were posted on that side, to pro- tect thq passage ; for Soult, aware of the retreat, was pressing forward vigorously. When Lord Paget had passed the Mayorga, he dis- covered a strong body of cavalry belonging to Ney’s corps, drawn up on an elevated spot close to the road. Two squadrons of the tenth light dragoons boldly mounted the hill, and, notwith- standing the superiority of num- bers and position, overthrew them, killed twenty men, and took one hundred prisoners. This was a proud triumph; but the English horsemen had been engaged, more or less, for twelve successive days, and with such fortune and bravery, that above five hundred prisoners had already fallen into their hands; and the confidence in their leaders was unbounded. December 27. 1778. Capture of Savan- nah. — Lieut.- Colonel Campbell, with the 71st regiment of foot, two battalions of Hessians, four battalions of provincials, and a detachment of royal artillery, sailed from the Hook on the 27th November, escorted by the squadron under Commodore Par- ker. The expedition arrived off the island of Tybee on 23rd December, and on the following morning anchored in the Sa- vannah river. In the afternoon of the 26th, the transports, in three divisions, protected by some ships of war, proceeded up the river with the tide about noon. Soon after break of day on the morning of the 27th, the first division, con- sisting of all the light infantry, the New York volunteers, and the 1st battalion of the 71st regi- ment, under Lieut.-Coloncl Mait- land, were landed ; and the light infantry, under Capt. Ca- meron, immediately moved for- ward, and, supported by the 71st, December 28 . CALENDAR OF VICTORY. 379 soon dispersed the rebels that had assembled to oppose them ; hut that gallant officer and two men were killed, and ten wounded. The rebel army, under Major- Gen. Howe, being drawn up about a mile to the eastward of the town of Savannah, with several pieces of cannon, it was resolved immediately to attack them. Leaving a detachment to cover the landing-place, the troops moved forward in excellent order, and before 3 o’clock were in pre- sence of the enemy, posted with their right to the road, and their left on the rice swamps, with the fort of Savannah behind their right wing, whilst the town co- vered their rear. Having sent the light infantry round the enemy’s right flank, Col. Campbell moved the line briskly forward, and, under cover of the well-directed fire of the artillery, the 71st regiment and the Hessian regi- ment of Wellworth instantly dis- persed the enemy. A body of militia of Georgia, posted with some guns to cover the road from Great Ogeeche, were at this juncture routed by the light in- fantry under Sir James Baird. As the scattered troops of the Carolina and Georgia brigades ran across the plain in his front, this gallant officer dashed the light troops on their flank, and terminated the fate of the day with brilliant success. Thirty- eight officers and 415 rank and file, 48 pieces of cannon, 23 mortars ; in short, the capital of Georgia fell into our hands, with the trifling loss of 3 killed and 1 0 wounded on the part of the British. Eighty -three of the enemy were found dead on the common, and eleven wounded. 1791. Defeat of Mysoreans. — The detachment sent to the aid of the Mahrattas, under the com- mand of Captain Little, performed many eminent services without obtaining any effective assistance from the allies, who, in fact, were rather an impediment to his ope- rations. With only seven hun- dred men, that officer, on the 27th December, attacked ten thousand Mysoreans, strongly posted in a fortified camp, entirely routed them, and captured the whole of their artillery. This brilliant ex- ploit was followed by the re- duction of the fortress of Simoga, which opened to the allies a por- tion of Tippoo’s territories that had hitherto escaped the ravages of war. Instead of advancing to the aid of Gen. Abercromby, who had reached the top of the Ghauts on the Malabar side, the Mah- rattas, allured by the hope of plunder, made a fruitless attempt on Bednore; and thus, while they materially deranged the govern- or’s plan for the campaign, led to the loss of Coimbetore, which was forced to capitulate to a Mysore army. The terms of the capitulation were atrociously vio- lated, and this outrage prevented Lord Cornwallis from listening to Tippoo’s overtures for peace. December 28. 1756. The fleet destined for the recapture of Calcutta, consist- ing of six ships of war, and se- veral transports, having on board 900 European soldiers, and 1500 sepoys, under Col. Clive, sailed from Madras roads on the 16th of October, and arrived at Fulta. on the 29th of December. On the 27th all the ships weighed, and stood up the river as far as Mayo- pore, ten miles from the fort of Budge Budge, which it was deter- mined to attack on the following day. On the morning of the 28th, 500 of the Madras Europeans,. 380 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 29 with 1500 sepoys and two field- pieces were landed a few miles from the fort. Whilst the troops were resting after the fatigue of a tedious march, and dragging their guns through the mud, they were attacked by Mouick Chund, the Governor of Calcutta, with 2000 foot and 1500 horse; the enemy being under cover, stood for a short time, but were ulti- mately dislodged, and repulsed with considerable loss. On the following day the fort, having been previously fired upon by the fleet, was evacuated. 1808. Defeat of French Cavalry. — The reserve of Sir John Moore’s army and Gen.Craw- furd’s brigade quitted Bcnevente on the 28th of December, but the cavalry remained in the town, leaving parties to watch the fords at Esla. Soon after daybreak, Gen. Lefebre Desnouettes, seeing only a few cavalry posts on the great plain, rather hastily con- cluded that there was nothing to support them ; and, crossing the river a little above the bridge with six hundred horsemen of the imperial guards, advanced into the plain. The pickets at first retired fighting, but being joined by a part of the third Ger- man hussars, they charged the French squadrons with some effect. General Charles Stewart then took the command, and the ground was obstinately disputed. At this moment the plain was covered with stragglers and fol- lowers of the army, and the dis- stant pickets and videttes were seen galloping in from the right and left. The French were press- ing boldly forward, and appear- ances indicated the approach of the enemy’s whole army. Lord Paget ordered the tenth hussars to mount, and form under cover of some houses at the entrance of the town. In half an hour, every- thing being ready, the tenth gal- loped forward; the pickets that were already engaged closed to- gether, and the whole charged. In an instant the scene changed; the enemy were seen flying at full speed towards the river, and the British close at their heels. The French squadrons, without break- ing their ranks, plunged into the stream and gained the opposite heights, w'here they wheeled in- stantly, and seemed disposed to come forward a second time; but a battery of six guns being opened upon them, after a few rounds, they retired. During the pursuit in the plain an officer was ob- served endeavouring to pass the river at another ford: being fol- lowed, and refusing to stop when overtaken, he was cut across the head, and brought in a prisoner. He proved to be Gen. Lefebre. Although the imperial guards were outnumbered in the end, they were very superior at the commencement of the fight, which was gallantly contested on both sides. The British lost fifty men killed and wounded. The French left fifty-five, killed and wounded, on the field, and seventy pri- soners, besides the general and other officers. Lord Paget main- tained his posts on the Esla, un- der an occasional cannonade, until the evening, and then withdrew to La Baneza. December 29. 1789. TlPPOO DEFEATED. — The close alliance formed between the Nizam and the East India Company gave great offence to Tippoo Sultaun, and he showed his resentment by espousing the cause -of the Rajah of Cherika, who had quarrelled with the En- glish respecting the payment of December 29. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 381 his debts, for which they held the customs of the ports of Tellicheny as security. All doubts of Tip- poo’s designs were removed by his blockading Tellicherry, and by his leading an army to invade the dominions of the Rajah of Travancore, a faithful ally of the English. These territories were defended by a line of works about thirty miles in length, and con- sisted of a ditch sixteen feet broad and twenty deep, a strong bamboo hedge, a slight parapet, and a good rampart, with bastions on rising grounds, which almost flanked each other. On the 24 th of December, Tippoo appeared before the lines of Travancore ; and on the 29th, he turned the right flank of the works, and in- troduced a portion of his army within the wall. Before, how- ever, he could open the gates, his troops were thrown into confusion, and driven with great slaughter across the ditch, Tippoo himself effecting his escape with consider- able difficulty. 1843. Battle of Maha- rajpore. — A division of the British army, under Lieut.-Gen. Sir Hugh Gough, crossed the Chumbul river on the 23rd De- cember, and halted five days at Hingora, twenty miles distant from Gwalior. A second division, under Major- Gen. Grey, advanced upon that place from Bundlecund, whilst the main division crossed the Koharee on the 29 th. Lord Ellenborougli, having discovered the deceit of the Durbar, resolved on adopting decided measures. The Gwalior army, consisting of 18,000 men, including 3000 ca- valry, with one hundred guns, occupied a strong intrenched position in front of the village of Maliarajpore. The British amounted to fourteen thousand men, with forty pieces of cannon. The action commenced by the *advancc of the column under Major-Gen. Sir John Littler, who boldly attacked the enemy in front, under a heavy fire from the Mahrattas’ artillery; but the rush of H.M.’s 39th regiment, sup- ported by the 56th regiment of native infantry, drove them from their guns into the village, where a sanguinary conflict took place. Meanwhile Gen. Valiant led his brigade to the rear of Maliarajpore, and captured twenty-eight guns. The Mahrattas fought with great desperation, and lost between three and four thousand men. The British had seven officers and ninety-four men killed, and 34 officers and 684 men wounded. Lord Ellenborougli, mounted on an elephant, was present in the action, and his appearance created much emulation among the troops. 1843. Battle of Punniar. — About four o’clock in the after- noon of the 29 th December, the Mahratta army, amounting to 12,000 men, was observed to have taken up a very strong position on a chain of high hills in the immediate vicinity of the forti- fied village of Mangore, near Punniar, twelve miles from Gwa- lior, and about four from the British camp. Major-Gen. Grey resolved on an immediate attack, and detached H.M.’s 3rd Buffs and a company of sappers and miners, to take up a position on an opposite ridge, supported by five companies of the 39th native infantry, until the main body, consisting of 2000 men, could be brought up. The Buffs, under Col. Clunie, and sappers, attacked the enemy’s centre, driving them from height to height, and cap- tured eleven guns and the stan- dard. The wing of the 39th re- giment, led by Brigadier Yates, 382 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 30 was conducted to the crest of a hill commanding the enemy’s left, and after pouring in a destructive fire, rushed down the nullah, and captured two guns. The 2nd in- fantry brigade, under command of Lieut.-Col. Anderson, H. M.’s 50th regiment, arrived in time to put a finish to the action : forming on the crest of the hill, by a gallant and judicious movement, they at- tacked the enemy’s left, com- pletely defeated them, and cap- tured the remainder of their artillery. ^December 30. 1708. Reduction of Ghent, — Count De la Motte, enjoined by his sovereign to defend Ghent to the last extremity, was ear- nestly exhorted to imitate the gallant example of Boufflers, at Lisle. Measures were, however, adopted by the two chiefs of the allies to abridge the time and lessen the means of resistance. Marlborough, on the 11th Decem- ber, encamped with the right at Melle and the left at Merlebeck, caused bridges to be laid over the upper and lower Scheldt, as well as over the Lys, for main- taining his communications. On the lGth, Eugene passed the Scheldt, and halted his army at Ename ; and, on the 1 7 th, a corps was sent from each army, — one to take post at Gomurage, to ob- serve the motions of the enemy beyond the Dender, and the other to Osterzelle, to straiten Ghent, between the upper and lower Scheldt. On the 18th, the place was invested on all sides, Marl- borough having his quarters at Merlebeck, as the most convenient to superintend the attack. On the 24th, the trenches were open- ed by Count Lottum, and no other resistance being encoun- tered than a single sally, the batteries were speedily in a con- dition to bombard the town. On the 30th,, therefore, Count De la Motte sent out a trumpet to demand an honourable capitula- tion, which Marlborough granted, from an anxiety to spare his troops, as the frost had already commenced. On the 2nd Ja- nuary, 1709, the garrison eva- cuated the place with the usual honours of war. 1778. Surrender of St. Lu- cie. — On the 30th December, the island of St. Lucie sur- rendered to the forces under Major-Gen. Grant and Rear- Adm Barrington. 1799. Surrender of El Arisch. — The Turkish army, under the Grand Vizier, accom- panied by the marines of H. M. S. Tigre, under Major Douglas, moved from Gaza to El Arisch on the 20th December. In the night of the 23rd, the trenches were opened before the front gate ; and batteries erected on the 24th, the fire of which was at- tended with complete success. On the morning of the 30th, the firing having ceased, Major Dou- glas ascended the wall of the fort, by means of a rope which was let down for him, and re- ceived the sword of the French commandant : but it was found impossible to restrain the impe- tuosity of the Turks, who put 300 of the garrison to the sword ; the remainder were, however, by the exertions of Major Douglas, placed in security. 1812. Col. Skerrit’s brigade having arrived from Cadiz, there were, including the Spanish ir- regulars, forty thousand men in line, and a multitude of partidas hovering about. The French corps of Gen. Drouet passed the Tagus .on the 29tli December, at December 31. CALENDAR OE VICTORY. 383 the abandoned fords of Euente 1 Duenas and Villa Maurique, whilst the king, with his guards, repaired to Zarza de la Cruz. Meanwhile Soult, whose divisions were coming up to Ocana, re- stored the bridge of Aranjuez, and passed the Tagus with his advance- guard. On the 30th he attacked Gen. Cole, who commanded at the Puente Larga, with several regiments and some guns ; but, though the mines failed and the Erench attempted to carry the bridge with the bayonet, they were vigorously repulsed by the 47th regiment under Colonel Skerrit. After a heavy cannon- ade. and a sharp musketry, in which the allies lost sixty men, Soult relinquished the attempt, and awaited the arrival of his main body, December 31. 1759. On 25th December, Col. Coote’s force moved out of can- tonments at Chinesimandsum, and on the 29th, both armies ar- riving in sight of each other, the Erench general reconnoitring, there was some skirmishing at the outposts. On the 30th, an attack made by the enemy on an outpost was repulsed with consi- derable loss. Early on the morn- ing of the 31st, three companies of sepoys surprised the Mahratta camp and completely routed them ; but Ensign Meredith, who led the attacking party, being wounded, they retired without improving their success. Thus ended the third year of a doubt- ful war in the Carnatic. 1811. Siege of Tajrifa. — The place was invested on 20th December : by the 30th the wall was broken for sixty feet, and the whole breach offered an easy as- cent ; yet the besieged again clear- ed away the rubbish, and in the night were fast augmenting the defences behind, when the heavy rain, bringing down from the Erench camp planks, fascines, gabions, and dead bodies, broke the palisades with a shock, bent the portcullis backward, and in- jured the defences behind the breach ; yet, such was the vigour of the besieged that the damage was repaired before the morning of the 31st. The waters had sub- sided in the night, and at daylight a column of Erench grenadiers were sent gliding down the bed of the river, but, instead of at- tacking the breach, dashed against the portcullis ; and then a crush- ing volley smote the head of the column. The leading officer, covered with wounds, fell against the portcullis, and gave up his sword through the bars to Col. Gough, and the dead and wound- ed filled the hollow. The attack- ing force still continued their efforts, but the grape that was poured upon them from a field- piece in the north-eastern tower swept the Erench masses so ef- fectually that they once more plunged into the hollow and re- turned to their camp, while a shout of victory, mingled with the sound of martial instruments, passed round the v r all of the town. In this combat the allies lost five officers and thirty- one men ; but the Erench dead cover- ed all the slopes in front of the rampart, and choked the bed of the river; and ten wounded offi- cers were brought in by the breach. Col. Skerrett, compas- sionating their sufferings, and admiring their bravery, permitted Caval to fetch off the remainder. The operations of the siege were then suspended, for both parties suffered severely from the wea- ther. Onthe4th January, 1812, 384 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 31 , the French having destroyed their guns during the night, were driven by the British from their batteries, and although they mado some prisoners, the enemy re- treated in perfect order. library OF THE VJNWER3ITV OF ILLINOIS January 1 NAVY. 385 January !• 1758. Adventure and Mach- ault. — As the hired armed ship Adventure, mounting 18 long 6-pounders, Captain John Bray, was anchored in Dungeness roads, she cut her cables in pursuit of a large brig, and soon afterwards brought her to action. At 3 p.m. the stranger had taken a raking position, when the Adventure wore round across the hawse of her opponent, the latter’s bow- sprit passing between the ship’s main and mizen masts; and after a vigorous defence, the enemy sur - rendered. She proved to be the Machault privateer, mounting 14 long 8 -pounders, with a crew of 102 men — 40 of whom were killed or wounded. The Ad- venture had only one man killed and two wounded. 1807. Capture of Cura^oa. The 38 -gun frigates, Arethusa, Capt. Charles Brisbane, Latona, Capt. James Athol Wood, Bis- gard, Capt. William Bolton, and 44-gun frigate Anson, Captain Charles Lydiard, at lh. a.m. on the 1st of January arrived off the harbour of Cura^oa, and bore up to attack that place. The entrance to the harbour is about 50 fathoms wide, defended by strong fortifications, of which fort Amsterdam, on the right hand, mounted 60 pieces of cannon, in two tiers. Athwart the harbour, which nowhere exceeds a quarter of a mile in width, were stationed a frigate of 36 guns, a 20-gun cor- vette, and two armed schooners. A chain of forts, on Musselburg height, and fort Republique si- tuated on a high hill, within half gun-shot, commanded the whole harbour. At daylight, the Are- thusa entered the port, and the three leading frigates anchored close to the enemy’s ships; but the Bisgard, unfortunately, took the ground on the west side, and remained fast. Capt. Brisbane then sent a summorre to the go- vernor, giving him five minutes to determine. No notice being taken of this message, the British ships, at 6h. 15m. a.m. opened their fire. After the third broad- side, Capt. Brisbane, heading his men, boarded and carried the Dutch frigate, and she was taken possession of by the Latona; at the same time, a party of men of the Anson, led by Capt. Lydiard, boarded and secured the corvette. Captains Brisbane and Lydiard then pulled ashore, and at 7h. 30m. proceeded to storm fort Amster- dam, garrisoned by 270 regular troops. Some of the British forced open the sea-gate, whilst others scaled the walls; and in about ten minutes the fort was carried, and, with equal facility, two minor forts, the citadel, and the town. The captains, with part of the men, returning to their ships, opened a fire on fort Republique, while 300 seamen and marines proceeded to attack it in the rear; at lOh. a.m. the British flag was hoisted on this fortress, and by noon the whole island of Cura 9 oa had capitulated. This daring and well-conductcd enterprise was accomplished with no greater loss than 3 men 386 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. January 2. killed and 14 wounded. The loss of the Dutch is reported to have amounted to 200 killed and wounded. — iHclJal. 1809. Onyx and Manly. — At daylight, the Onyx gun-brig, mounting eight 18 -pounder car- ronades and two long sixes, with a crew of 75 men and boys, Capt. Charles Gill, in the North Sea, captured the Dutch brig Manly (late British), mounting twelve 18-pounder carronades and four brass sixes, with 94 men, after an action of two hours’ duration. The Onyx had only three men wounded. — iHcfral. January 2. 1783. The 44-gun ship Endy- mion, and 36-gun frigate Magi- cienne, Captains Edward Tyrrel Smith and Thomas Graves, being off Cape Francis, chased a French convoy of 17 sail, under the pro- tection of 36-gun frigate Sybille and 14-gun brig Railleur. The Magicienne, being far a-head of her consort, after engaging and silencing the fire of the Railleur, pushed on and brought the Sybille to action. The engagement be- tween these two ships was so severe, that much fighting took place out of the ports between the men with pikes and rammers. At 2h. 30m. p.m., the fire of the Sybille had slackened, and hopes were entertained of bringing the matter to a successful termination, when, just at this time, the fore and main masts of the Magicienne fell over the side. The Sybille instantly made all sail away, and effected her escape. The Endy- mion soon arrived within hail of the Magicienne, and, cheering as she passed, pursued the fugitive ship; but the latter succeeded in getting clear )ff. It was subsequently ascertained that she had 13 men killed, and her captain (Kerga- j rion) and 37 wounded. The Magicienne sustained a loss of 16 men killed and 31 wounded. (See 22nd January). 1806. The 54-gun ship Mala- bar, Capt. Robert Hall, and 18- gun corvette Wolf, Capt. Geo. Chas. Mackenzie, cruising off the south end of the island of Cuba, discovered two large schooner- privateers running into Azera- deros, a small harbour, the en- trance to which was concealed by a double reef of rocks. Owing to the skill and exertions of Mr. Thomas Fotheringham, master of the Malabar, the passage was at length discovered, and the Wolf, conducted through an opening in the reefs, anchored within a quarter of a mile of the privateers ; which, in expectation of an attack, were moored in a very advan- tageous position of defence. The Wolf opened her fire upon the two vessels, and continued it for nearly two hours ; when, ob- serving that the crews of the enemy’s vessels were making their escape to the shore, Capt. Mac- kenzie detached the boats to bring the privateers oqjt. They proved to be the Regulateur, mounting one long brass 18 -pounder, and four long brass 6-pounders, with a crew of 80 men ; and the Napoleon, of five guns and 66 men. Four of the Frenchmen, who were wounded, were made prisoners; the remainder escaped. The two vessels ■were towed be- yond the reef, but the Regulateur was so much injured that she sunk shortly afterwards. 1807. In the night, the boats of Cerberus, 32, under Lieut. William Coote, gallantly boarded and cut out two vessels anchored under a battery near the Fearl rock, Martinique, although pro- tected by a heavy fire from the shore. Lieut. Coote was despc- January 3. NAVY. 387 rateiy wounded and deprived of his sight: 2 men were killed and 8 wounded. — JHsXfaL 1814. Surrender of Gluck- stadt. — After a series of skilful operations on the river Elbe, to the success of which the naval force, under Capt. Arthur Far- quhar, importantly contributed, the fortress of Gluckstadt sur- rendered on 2nd January. The squadron employed consisted of the Desiree, Capt. Earquhar ; sloops Shamrock, Blazer, and Hearty, Commanders John Mar- shall, John Banks, and James Bose; and gun-brigs Piercer and Kedbreast, Lieutenants Joshua Kneeshaw and Sir George Keith. Commander Andrew P. Green was landed in charge of the sea- men’s batteries, and, together with Lieuts. D. Hanmer, J. Henderson, Charles Haultain, J. Archer, and L. S. Jack, Mate Thomas Riches, and Midshipmen J. Hallowes and George Richardson, were honourably mentioned for services during the siege. — January 3. 1781. Duquesne, French 36- gun ship, was captured by the British 74-gun ship Alexander, Capt Boston, on the Irish station. 1801. Senegal captured. — The 38-gun frigate Melpomene, Capt. Sir Charles Hamilton, being off the bar of Senegal, at 9h. 30m. p. m., despatched five boats, con- taining a lieutenant and 35 men from the African corps, under the orders of Lieut. Thomas Dick, to attempt to carry by surprise a French 18-gun brig-corvette and an armed schooner. Having passed in safety the heavy surf on the bar, also the battery at the point, without being discovered, the boats, at llh. 15m., had ar- rived within a few yards of the brig, when the discharge of her two bow guns killed Lieut. Palmer and seven men, and sank two of the best boats. The three remaining boats, nevertheless, dashed alongside, boarded, and, after a severe contest of twenty minutes, carried the French brig Senegal, of 18 long 8 -pounders, and 60 men. In the meantime, the schooner had cut her cable, and run for protection under the battery. The prize was got un- der way, and proceeded down the river ; but, as she grounded on the bar, Lieut. Dick quitted her with the three boats, and succeeded in making his way to the frigate across a tremendous surf, and under a heavy fire of grape-shot and musketry from the adjoining batteries. The loss of the British in this spirited en- terprise amounted to 1 1 killed, including Lieut. Wm. Palmer and Lieut. Wm. Yyvian, of the ma- rines, and 18 wounded. 1809. Capture of Iris. — The 12-pounder 32-gun frigate Ai- mable, Capt. Lord George Stuart, at 11 a.m., being off the Welbank near the Texel, standing to the southward, discovered a strange sail upon her weather quarter, steering to the northward and eastward. Suspecting her to be an enemy, the Aimable wore round and made all sail in chase; and at 4 p.m. on the 3rd, after a run of 24 hours, arrived along- side of the French ship-corvette Iris, mounting 22 carronades 24- pounders, and two long 12- or 8- pounders, with a complement of 140 men, commanded by Captain. Joseph Jean Macquet; which, after a running fight of a few minutes, hauled down her colours. To the credit of the French crew in the use of their guns, the Ai- mable had her mainmast shot in the head, main yard shot away I in the slings, mizen-mast head, C C 2 338 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January mizen-topmasfc and trysail-mast shot away, and her rigging and sails greatly cut up. With all this damage, however, — damage which nearly caused the escape of the French ship, — the Aimable had only two men slightly wounded. The loss of the enemy amounted to two killed and eight wounded. The Iris had sailed from Dun- kirk on the 29th of December, with 640 casks of flour on board, bound to Martinique. January S. 1761. Capture of Bien Aime e. — The 2 8 -gun frigate Trent, Capt. John Lindsey, being off Cape Tiburon, after an action of one hour’s duration, captured the French merchant frigate Bien Aimee, of 20 guns, and a crew of 85 men. Her loss amounted to 20 men killed and wounded. The Trent had one man killed and five wounded. 1781. Recapture of Minerva. — The 74-gun ships Courageux and Valiant, Capts. Lord Mul- grave and Samuel Goodall, being off Brest, fell in with three French frigates. Only one, the Minerva (late British), was overtaken, and captured, after a running fight of great obstinacy w r ith the Cou- rageux. In her gallant defence, she had 49 men killed, her cap- tain (the Chevalier de Grimouard), and 23 men vrounded. The Cou- rageux was much damaged by the frigate’s fire, and she had ten men killed and seven wounded. 1799. The bark-rigged sloop Wolverine, of 12 guns and 70 men, Capt. Lewis Mortlock, being on a cruise off Boulogne in very foggy weather, discovered two large French luggers close to her to windward. These were the Rusee, of eight 4-poundcrs and 70 men, and the Furet, of fourteen 4-pounders and 30 men. Judging that, if the privateers suspected the Wolverine to be a ship of war, they would make off, Capt. Mortlock approached them under Danish colours, and, on being hailed, replied that he was from Plymouth, bound to Copen- hagen. This lugger was now close upon the starboard quarter of the W olverine, -with her bow- sprit between the latter’s mizen chains and side. Instantly hoist- ing English colours, the bark opened a fire of great guns and musketry, and Capt. Mortlock, with his own hands, lashed the Furet’s bowsprit to the stanchions of the Wolverine’s mizen chains. The crew of the Furet made a vigorous attempt to board, but were driven back with loss. In the meantime the Rusee had shot ahead, and having run foul of the Wolverine on her larboard bow, her crew made a desperate effort to reach the decks of the British ship. Some combustibles thrown into the Wolverine’s cabin windows having set the vessel on fire, the privateers, taking ad- vantage of the circumstance, made their escape. As they were re tiring, a shot from the Furet mor tally wounded Captain Mortlock, who, although previously wound- ed in the head, in the breast, and in the loins, refused to be taken below. Giving the necessary or- ders to his lieutenant, this valiant young officer was now compelled to quit the deck, saying, “ Luff, luff; keep close to them.” The Wolverine, finding she had no chance with the luggers in sail- ing, bore up for Portsmouth. Her loss amounted to two men killed, her gallant commander and 7 men wounded. The Furet had 5 men killed; her captain and 5 men mortally, and 10 badly wounded. The Rusee had 3 Janaary 5. NAVY. 389 officers and 2 seamen killed ; five mortally, and several badly wounded. January 5. 1781. The 50- gun ship War- wick, Capt. the Hon. Geo. Keith Elphinstone, captured, after a smart action, the Dutch 50-gun ship Rotterdam, Capt. Yolbergen, whose loss was very severe, but the Warwick had none killed or wounded. 1795. Blanche and Pique. — The 12-pounder 32-gun fri- gate Blanche, Captain Robert Faulknor, at daybreak on the 4th, discovered the French 12- pounder 36-gun frigate Pique, an- chored outside the harbour of Pointe a Pitre, Guadaloupe ; but she soon afterwards weighed, and stood out towards the British fri- gate. After manoeuvring the •whole day, without any decided effort to close, about midnight the Blanche, on the starboard tack, passed to leeward of the Pique, then on the opposite tack, and returned the distant broadside of the French frigate. At half-past midnight, the Blanche tacked, and at 1 a. m. on the 5th, when within musket-shot, the Pique wore, to cross her opponent’s hawse; but the Blanche, to defeat this manoeuvre, bore up, and both frigates became closely engaged, running off the wind. At 2h. 30m., the Blanche was luffing across the bows of her opponent, in order to rake her, when the mizen and main masts of the Bri- tish frigate in succession, fell over the side. The Pique, soon after- wards, ran foul of the Blanche, on her larboard quarter, and made several ineffectual attempts to board. At 3 a. m., while assist- ing his second lieutenant (David Milne) and some of the crew in lashing the bowsprit of the Pique to the capstan of the Blanche, Capt. Faulknor was shot through the heart by a musket ball. The lashings soon broke loose, and the Pique, crossing the stern of the Blanche, again fell on board, on her starboard quarter. The bowsprit of the French ship was then lashed to the stump of the Blanche’s mainmast ; and in this manner the two ships paid off before the wind, warmly engaging with musketry and the few guns that could be brought to bear. The two after guns were fired through the stern frame with such destructive effect, that at 3h. 15m. the mainmast of the French ship (whose fore and mizen had previously fallen) went over the side. In this de- fenceless state, the Pique sus- tained the raking fire of her op- ponent until 5h. 1 5m. A. m., when some of the French crew, from the bowsprit end, called for quar- ter. Every boat on board the Blanche having been destroyed, Lieut. Milne, followed by ten seamen, swam on board the prize. Out of 198 men, the Blanche lost her captain, one midshipman (Wm. Bolton), and six men killed ; one midshipman (Charles Her- bert), and 18 men wounded. The Pique, out of a crew of 275, had 76 killed, 105 wounded. — iHctfal. 1795. The 74-gun ship Bel- lona, near the island of Desirade, in company with the Alarm fri- gate, captured the French 20-gun ship Duras, having 400 troops on board. 1795. The French 40-gun fri- gate Tortue, having troops on board, was captured on coast of Ireland by the Polyphemus, 64, Cap. Lamsdaine. 1798. Capture of Che rie. — The 38 -gun frigate Pomone, Capt. Robert Carthew Reynolds, being on a cruise off Ushant, at c c 3 390 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. Janaary 6. 11 p.m. came up witli a large ship, which had the temerity to exchange several broadsides- be- fore she surrendered. Captain Reynolds had scarcely had time to shift the prisoners, when it was discovered that the prize was in a sinking state; and shortly after- wards she went down. She proved to be the Cherie of 26 guns and 230 men, of whom 12 were killed, her commander (M. Chaffin) and 21 wounded. The JPomone had one man killed and 4 wounded, and was disabled in her masts and rigging. 1807. The boats of the 38 -gun frigate Imperieuse, under the orders of Lieut. D. Mapleton, were sent by Capt. Lord Cochrane in search of the enemy’s vessels in the basin of Arcasson, near Rochefort. The party landed and carried fort Roquette, mounting four 3 6 -pounders, two field-pieces, and a 13-inch mortar. After the guns were spiked, carriages burnt, and the fort laid in ruins, several vessels were taken and destroyed. 1809. The 38 -gun frigate Loire, Capt. A W. Schomberg, at noon, lat. 39° 24' N., long. 11° 41' TV., fell in with, and, after a short action, captured, the French 20- gun corvette Hebe, bound to San Domingo, having on board 600 barrels of flour. January 6. 1762. The 36-gun frigate Ve- nus, Captain Thomas Harrison, captured the French 20-gun ship Boulogne, from the Isle of France, laden with coffee, after an action of one hour, in which the enemy had 7 killed and 20 wounded. 1810. Guadaloupe surrendered to the squadron under V.-Adm. Hon. Sir Alex. Cochrane, and troops under Lieut.-Gen. Sir Geo. Buckwith. — iHrtfal. 1813. Early in the morning, the boats of the 38-gun frigate Bacchante, under the orders or Lieut. D. H. O’Brien, were des- patched in pursuit of three gun- boats near Otranto. At 8 a. m., Lieut. O’Brien, in the barge, cap- tured the sternmost, mounting one French 12-, and one 6 -pounder, both on pivots, with a crew of 36 men. Leaving Air. Hoste in the gig to take possession of the prize, Lieut. O’Brien pushed on after the two other vessels. Mr. Hoste, sending his prisoners below and fastening down the hatches, opened a fire on the retreat- ing gun-boats, which in a little time also surrendered. This dash- ing enterprise was fortunately achieved without loss. The 1 8-gun brig Weasel was at the same time detached after two other gun-vessels in another quarter; and not being able to overtake them, two of her boats, under Lieut. Thomas Whaley, and a boat belonging to the Bac- chante, under Mr. E. Webb, mas- ter’s mate, proceeded in chase. The latter taking the lead, soon came up with, and, although she carried only a 3-pounder and 18 men, captured, in spite of a warm opposition, the sternmost gun- boat. Leaving her to the care of the boats astern, Mr. Webb pur- sued the remaining gun-boat, which he carried in the same gallant manner, and also without loss. — i&cl ral. 1814. Capture of Ceres. — On the 5th, at 10 a. m., off the Cape de Verds, the 38-gun frigate Niger, Capt. Peter Rainier, and 36-gun frigate Tagus, Captain Philip Pipon, gave chase to the French 40-gun frigate Ceres, Capt. H. Y. P. le Baron de Bou- gainville. The pursuit was con- tinued until the morning of the 6th, when the Tagus, at 8h. 45m. January 7. NAVY. 391 A. m., got within gun-shot. A running fire now commenced, and continued until 9h. 30m., when, having her main-topmast shot away, the French frigate fired a broadside and surrendered. At this time the Niger had headed her consort and was about to open her fire upon the enemy. No loss was sustained on either side. The Ceres became the Seine in the British navy. January 7. 1806. Capture of the Ba- posa. — The British 3 6- gun fri- gate Franchise, Captain Charles Dashwood, having anchored abreast the town of Campeachy in the evening of 6th of January, hut, on account of the shallowness of the water, at a distance of five leagues from the shore, despatched her launch, barge, and pinnace, containing 64 officers and men, under the command of Lieut. J ohn Fleming, with orders to scour the bay. Owing to the distance they had to row, the boats did not arrive at the spot in which the vessels lay until 4 a. m. on the 7th. By that time the moon hav- ing risen, discovered their ap- proach to the Spaniards, conse- quently they made every prepara- tion of defence by tricing up the boarding nettings, and projecting the sweeps from the sides of the vessels. But, although the alarm had spread from one end of the bay to the other, nothing could damp the ardour of the assailants. Bashing rapidly on, they pre- sently saw approaching them, two Spanish brigs of war, an armed schooner, and seven gun-boats, who opened a heavy fire upon the three boats. Lieut. Fleming in the launch, nevertheless laid the nearest brig on board; and being speedily supported by the barge and pinnace, after an obstinate conflict of 10 minutes’ duration, the British carried the Baposa, pierced for sixteen, but mount- ing twelve carriage-guns, besides swivels, and cohorns, and having on board 75 men. This exploit was achieved with the loss to the British of only seven men wounded ; whilst the Baposa had an officer and five men killed, and 25 wounded ; and several had leaped overboard and were drowned. The other brig, which mounted 20 guns, with a crew of 180 men, as well as several armed vessels, now opened a fire of cannon and musketry upon the Baposa; but the latter, as well as the boats, so smartly returned the fire, that the flotilla soon re- tired, leaving Lieut. Fleming in quiet possession of his prize. January 8. 1758. Capture of Vengeance. — At daybreak the 28-gun fri- gate Hussar, Capt. John Elliott, cruising off the Lizard, bore up in chase of the French privateer Vengeance, armed with 32 guns, 1 2- and 8-pounders, and 20 swivels. At 3 p. m. the enemy hove to, and an action commenced, which lasted one hour and fifty minutes. After a gallant defence, in which she had her main and mizen masts shot away, five of her guns dismounted, and having sustained a loss of 52 men killed and 37 wounded, out of a crew of 319, the Vengeance struck her colours. In this well-contested engage- ment, the Hussar had six men killed and 15 wounded. 1761. Unicorn and Vestale. — The 32-gun frigate Unicorn, Capt. Joseph Hunt, cruising off the French coast, at 8 a. m, gave chace to the French 32-gun fri- gate Vestale, and at lOh. 30m. c c 4 392 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 10. brought her to action. By the third broadside Capt. Hunt re- ceived a mortal wound, and the command devolved upon Lieut. John Symons, who continued the engagement until thirty mi- nutes past twelve, when the Ves- tale surrendered. Her Capt., M. Boisbertelot, was also mortally wounded, and a great portion of her crew, which originally amounted to 220 men, were killed and wounded. Exclusive of her gallant captain, the Unicorn had five men killed and ten wounded. The Vestale was added to the British navy, by the name of Flora. 1780. Capture op Spanish Convoy. — Admiral Sir George Rodney, with twenty-one sail of the line and nine frigates, while on passage to relieve Gibraltar, fell in with, and, after a chase of a few hours, captured, the whole of a Spanish convoy from St. Sebastian, bound to Cadiz, laden with naval stores, provisions, &c., under the escort of the following seven ships of war belonging to the Royal Caraccas Company : Guipuscaio, 64, San Carlos, 32, San Rafael, 30, Santa Teresa, 28, San Bruno, 26, San Fermia, 16, and Vincente, 16. Sir George Rodney commissioned the 64, as the Prince William, in compli- ment to Prince William Henry, in whose presence she was taken. 1798. At daylight the 18- gun brig Kingfisher (6 -pounders), Captain Charles H. Pierrepont, cruising 50 leagues to the west- ward of the Burlings, fell in with the French privateer, Betsey, of 16 guns, 6-pounders. After some manoeuvring on both sides to ob- tain the weather-gage, the pri- vateer closed with the Kingfisher to windward, and a smart action ensued. The engagement had lasted more than an hour when the Betsey, taking advantage of the loss of the jib-boom of her oppo- nent, made sail ahead ; but the Kingfisher, having soon repaired her damage, was enabled to re- new the action at 1 p. m. The Betsey continued to defend her- self until lh. 30m., and then hauled down her colours. Her loss amounted to one man killed and eight wounded, out of a crew of 118. The Kingfisher had only one man slightly wounded. January 9. 1801. The British hired armed cutter Constitution, of 12 guns, Lieut. W. H. Faulknor, was cap- tured off Portland by two French cutters of superior force, after a very gallant resistance. She was retaken on the same evening by the 18-gun brig Harpy and Grey- hound revenue cutter. 1811. Aimable Flore, of 14 guns, was captured in the Chan- nel by the 38-gun frigate Princess Charlotte, Captain Tobin. January 10. 1797. The French 16-gun brig Atnlante was captured 18 leagues SW. of Scilly, by the 36-gun frigate Phoebe, Capt. Robert Bar- low. 1806. The Dutch ships Bato, of 68, and Atalante, of 40 guns, driven, on shore at the Cape of Good Hope by the squadron un- der Sir Home Popham. 1810. Saratin, French privateer of 20 guns, captured by the 18- gun sloop Plover, Capt. Philip Browne, in the Channel. 1810. In the morning, the Christian VII. of 74 guns, and the 38-gun frigate Armidc, Capts. Sir Joseph S. Yorkc and Lucius Ilardyman, lying in Basque roads, sent their boats under Lieut. G. January 11, NAVF. 393 H. Guion, to intercept a convoy of French coasters, on their passage from Isle d’Aix to Rochelle. The vessels were soon driven on shore, within grape and musket range of the French battery ; but, not- withstanding their apparent secu- rity, a chasse-maree was captured, and two others, with a brig and schooner destroyed. 1813. The French brig Argus, of 12 guns, captured by 36-gun frigate Furieuse, Capt. Mounsey, off Monte Christo. January 11. 1782. Attack on Ceylon.— Oil the 5th of January, a large party of seamen and marines, be- longing to the squadron of Vice- Adm. Sir Edward Hughes, under the command of Capt. Gell, of the Monarca, accompanied by a de- tachment of troops and sepoys, landed on the island of Ceylon, about three miles from Trinco- malee fort, and made so rapid a movement, that the garrison sur- rendered without opposition. It was then determined to attempt the destruction of fort Osten- burgh; and at daybreak on the 11th, 450 seamen and marines, with a company of pioneers on each flank, advanced to the as- sault, and, having gallantly driven the enemy from their works, gained possession of the fort. In the harbour were found two richly laden Dutch ships, and on the works sixty-seven pieces of can- non, besides several dismounted guns and mortars. The British sustained a loss of Lieut. G. Long, of the Superb, and 20 killed. Lieuts. W. Wolsey, of the navy, and Sami. Orr, of the marines, and 40 men wounded. 1794. The 32-gun frigate Juno, Capt. Samuel Hood, unaware of of the evacuation of Toulon, ar- rived at that port at lOh. p. m. Not finding the fleet in the outer road, Capt. Hood supposed they had taken shelter in the inner harbour, where, seeing several ships, he concluded he was close to the British admiral ; nor was he undeceived until the French officers apprised him of the de- parture of Lord Hood. A favour- able breeze springing up, the Juno was again under way, and, al- though exposed to a fire from the numerous batteries, at 12h. 30m. on the 12th was clear of all danger, without sustaining any further loss than considerable damage to her sails and rigging. 1810. At 1 A. m., the 10-gun brig Cherokee, Capt. Richard Ar- thur, favoured by a southerly wind, stood in towards the har- bour of Dieppe, to attack seven luggers lying at anchor close under the batteries, and within 200 yards of the pier-head. Run- ning between five of the luggers, the Cherokee gallantly laid one on board, which, after a fruitless attempt to board the brig, was gallantly carried by the British crew. The captured vessel proved to be the Aimable Nelly, of 16 guns, with 60 men, of whom two were killed and eight wounded. The remaining six privateers kept up a smart fire of musketry ; but the Cherokee succeeded in bring- ing out her prize with no greater loss than two wounded, Lieut. Vere Gabriel, and her boatswain, James Ralph. Capt. Archer was deservedly promoted. — JiflUtfal. January 12 . 1794. French 18-gun brig Trompeusc, taken by Sphinx of 20 guns, Capt. R. Lucas, off Cape Clear. 1 806. Reduction of Cape of Good Hope. — A squadron under 394 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 13, Commodore Sir Home Popham, consisting of 64-gun ships Diadem, Raisonable, and Belliqueux, 50- gun ship Diomede, Leda and Narcissus frigates, and brigs Espoir and Encounter, conveying 5000 troops, under Major-Gen. Sir David Baird, sailed from England in the Autumn of 1805, to effect the reduction of the Cape of Good Hope. The expe- dition arrived at their destination on 4th January 1806, On the 8th, the British army, about 4000 strong, formed in two brigades, reached the summit of the Blue Mountain, and routed a Dutch force of about 5000 men, with 23 pieces of cannon, under Lieut. - Gen. Janssens. On the 12th the British took possession of Cape Town and its dependencies. On the several batteries were mount- ed 113 pieces of brass, and 343 of’ iron ordnance. 1810. Scorpios axd Oreste. — The 18-gun brig Scorpion, Capt. Francis Stanfell, was de- tached by Capt. V. V. Balland, to bring out a French brig-corvette, at anchor in Basse -terre, Gua- daloupe. At 9h. p.m., she dis- covered the object of her attack, which was the French 16 -gun brig Oreste, just clearing the north point of the bay. The wind dying away, the Scorpion had re- course to her sweeps, which en- abled her, at lOh. 30m. p. m., to open a fire from her bow chasers ; and at 1 1 p. m. she brought the French brig into action. A sort of running fight, in which the Scorpion had occasionally to keep in check a battery on shore, was maintained between the two brigs, until lh. 30m. a. m. on the 12th, when, being completely unrigged by her opponent’s fire, the Oreste hauled down her colours. At this moment the barge of the 38-gun frigate Blonde arrived and as- sisted in taking possession of the prize. The Scorpion, although much cut up in sails and rigging, had no greater loss than four men wounded. The Oreste, out of a crew of 100 men and 20 pas- sengers, had two killed, her cap- tain and ten wounded. — January 13. 1797. The French 74-gun ship Droits de l’Homme, Commodore La Crosse, returning from the coast of Ireland, had arrived within 25 leagues of the Pen- marcks, when, at lh. p. m., she w r as discovered by the 44-gun frigate Indefatigable, Capt. Sir Edward Pellew, and 36-gun frigate Amazon, Capt. Robert Carthew Reynolds. The enemy having in a squall carried away her fore and main topmasts, the utmost despatch wns now used in clearing the -wreck ; and in 20 minutes the French ship, under her courses and mizen-topsail, was going at the rate of five knots an hour. At about 5h. 30m. p. m., the Indefatigable, then between seven and eight miles ahead of her consort, arrived within hail, astern of the Droits de l’Homme, and, shortening sail to close-reef- ed topsails, hauled up to pour in a raking fire ; but the two- decker hauling up also, a broad- side wns exchanged, accompa- nied by a heavy discharge of musketry from the enemy. The Indefatigable endeavouring to pass ahead of her antagonist, the Droits de l’Homme defeated that manoeuvre, and attempted to run the frigate on board. The combat continued between the tw r o ships until 6h. 45m. p. m., when the Amazon, arriving up under a press of sail, poured a broadside within pistol-shot dis- tance into the French ship’s quar- January 1ft. NAVY. 395 ter, and then attempted to pass under her stern ; hut the enemy skilfully avoided the raking fire, and brought both frigates on one side. The cannonade was main- tained with much spirit until 7h. 30m. p. m., when both British ships shot ahead. At 8h. 30m. they recommenced the action, stationing themselves one on each bow of the 74, and, by yawing occasionally, raked her by turns ; being nevertheless frequently ex- posed to the fire of their gallant opponent. At lOh. 30m. p. m., the mizen-mast of the Droits de 1’Homme having fallen over the side, the frigates placed them- selves on either quarter. The ac- tion continued, with little inter- mission, until 4h. 20m. a. m. on the 14th, when the sudden ap- pearance of land close on board of all three ships, caused the In- defatigable and Amazon to haul off from the threatened danger. During the whole of this long en- gagement the sea ran so high, that the people on the main deck of the frigates were up to their middle in water. The first lieu- tenant of the Indefatigable, John Thompson, and 18 men, were wounded ; and the loss of the Amazon amounted to three men killed and 15 badly wounded. The Droits de rHomme, out of a crew, including 700 troops, of 1350 men, had 3 officers and 100 men killed, 12 officers and 100 men wounded. The trifling loss of the British can only be ac- counted for by the violent motion of the sea, felt the more by the loss of the 74’s masts, she having no sails to steady her. It is also to be remarked, that the lower deck ports were so unusually low that the water rushed down into the cable tiers as soon as the ports were opened ; consequently the principal battery of the Droits de THomme was scarcely available during this protracted and severe engagement of eight hours. — jjSfUtral. January 1ft, 1676. Destruction of Ships at Tripoli. — The Tripolincs having seized several English ships, and otherwise very much annoyed the trade, Sir John Nar- borough was sent with a squa- dron into the Mediterranean, to chastise these pirates. On 14th January, he arrived off Tripoli. The night being extremely dark, he despatched Lieut. Cloudesley Shovel, with the boats of the fleet, to destroy the ships in the mole. Having first secured the guard- boat, Lieut. Shovel entered the mole, and burnt a ship of 50 guns, one of 36, one of 24, and one of 20. The Tripolines were so much alarmed that they sued for peace ; but, soon after the admiral took his departure, they recommenced their depredations on the trade. Sir John Narborough was oblig- ed to visit Tripoli twice before he could bring these barbarians to any fixed terms of pacifica- tion. 1797. Destruction of Droits de l’Homme. — Having related the atcion of the Indefatigable and Amazon on the 1 3th, we shall now endeavour to describe the awful occurrences on the 14th January, 1797. At about 4h. 20m. a. m., the land was seen on the north- east, distant about two miles ; and in a few minutes the breakers were visible. The Indefatigable instantly made sail to the south- ward ; but just before day r breakers appearing on the lee- bow, she wore to the northward. As the day appeared, at about 6h.. 30m. a. m., the land was seen very close on the weather-bow 396 CALENDAR OF VIC TORY. January 15, and breakers to leeward; the ship was again wore to the south- ward. In the direction of the land was seen, at 7h. 10m. a. m., the French 74, broadside upper- most, with a tremendous surf beating over her. The wind was blowing dead on the shore, now known to be that of the bay of Audierne, when the Indefatigable passed at a distance of a mile from the wreck of her late op- ponent, without the possibility of affording any succour. Her own safety, indeed, depended on her weathering the Penmarcks, which she accomplished at 1 1 A. m., pass- ing about half a mile to wind- ward of those dreaded rocks. At the time the Indefatigable wore to the southward, the Amazon, apprised by signal of the danger near her, wore to the northward. In about half an hour afterwards, the Amazon struck the ground. The ship’s company, with the ex- ception of six men that stole the cutter and were drowned, pre- served themselves by making rafts : and by 9 a. m. the whole had safely landed, and were made prisoners. Soon after the land was discovered on board the Droits de l’Homme, and just as she had altered her course to avoid the danger, the bowsprit and foremast fell over her bows. An anchor was dropped in twelve fathoms, but it did not hold an instant, and the ship presently struck (at 7 a.m.) directly oppo- site the town of Plouzenec. The second shock carried away the mainmast by the board. The Indefatigable was seen on the starboard quarter, standing off in a tremendous sea ; and at about two miles on the larboard side appeared the Amazon, whose fate had just been scaled. We have not space to describe the heart- rending scenes on board this ill- fated ship during the 15th and 16th. Above 900 souls had pe- rished in attempts to reach the shore. On the fourth day, the 17th, the gale moderated, and the French brig and cutter having anchored near, rescued about 150 men ; but it was not until the 18th that the remnant of these unhappy sufferers were removed in safety. 1809. Cayenne surrendered to Capt. J. L. Yeo, of the Confiance 20, co-operating with 500 Portu- guese troops under Lieut.-Col. Marques. January 15. 1743. The 40-gun frigate Sap- phire, Capt. Charles Holmes, stood into the harbour of Vigo to at- tack five Spanish privateers, and having anchored close to the town, opened so well-directed a fire upon the batteries and the priva- teers, that she sank two of them, and greatly damaged the other three. Her loss amounted to one man killed and 7 wounded. 1814. Capture of Heureux. — Lieut. R. A. Loveless in the cutter of the Castor frigate, with 15 men, boarded and captured the Heureux, French privateer, car lying one long gun and 26 men, moored close under the guns of fort Montjuic, Barcelona. Lieut. Loveless lost his arm at the shoulder joint, and one seaman was mortally wounded. 1815. Capture of tiie Pre- sident. — The 40-gun frigate Endymion, Capt. Henry Hope, Pomonc, 38, Capt. John R. Lum- ley, 38-gun frigate Tenedos, Capt. Hyde Parker, under the orders of Capt. John Hayes, in the 56-gun ship Majestic, were cruising off Sandy Hook, when, at 5 a. m., the United States’ 44-gun frigate President (mounting 53 guns). Commodore S. Decatur, was dis. January 16. NAVY. 397 covered very near them. All sail was made in pursuit. The En- dymion, outsailing the Majestic, commenced lightening herself by cutting away anchors, boats, spars, &c., and continued wetting her sails from the royals down. At 2 p. m., the President commenced firing her stern chasers, which was replied to by the bow guns of the Endymion. At 5h. 30m., the Endymion, having for more than 20 minutes maintained a position within half gun-shot of the chase, the President bore away south, to bring her antago- nist upon her beam. The Endy- mion, quickly meeting the ma- noeuvre, the two frigates came to close action in a parallel line of sailing. At 6h. 40m., the Presi- dent luffed across the bows of her opponent, when the latter, passing under the American’s stern, poured in two raking broadsides, and then hauled up, and again placed herself on the President’s star- board quarter. Erom 7h. 18m. to 7h. 25m., the President ceased firing ; then recommencing, she hauled suddenly to the wind, and the Endymion hauling up also, bestowed another raking fire into her stern. The President, shortly afterwards, kept more away, and at 7h. 58m. ceased firing. She continued her course to the east- ward, under a press of canvass, until llh. 15m., when the Po- mone, having gained a position on her larboard quarter, and dis- charged her starboard broadside, the President immediately round- ed to, and hailed to say she had surrendered. The Endymion, out of 319 men and 27 boys, had 11 men killed, and 14 wounded. The President’s loss amounted to three lieutenants and 32 men killed, her commander, and 68 wounded, out of a crew of 465 men and 4 boys. — January 16. 1704. The 32 -gun frigate Lyme, Capt. Edmund Lechmere, off the Dodman, engaged a Erench pri- vateer, mounting 46 guns, and beat her off, after a long and san- guinary contest. Capt. Lechmere was killed, and the total loss amounted to 36. 1780. Defeat of Spanish Squadron. — Admiral Rodney, cruising off Cape St. Vincent with 21 ships of the line, fell in with a Spanish squadron, under Admiral Langara, of 11 sail or the line and two frigates. At this time it was blowing strong from the westward, with hazy weather. The British gained ra- pidly upon the enemy, and about 4h. p.m. the 74-gun ships Defence, Bedford, Revolution, and Edgar, Capts. John Cranston, Edmund Affleck, Sir Chaloner Ogle, and John Elliott, commenced en- gaging. At 5h. p.m., the 64-gun ship Bienfaisant having opened a fire upon the 70-gun ship San Domingo, the latter blew up with a tremendous explosion, and all on board perished. The action continued until 2h. a.m. on the 17th, when the wind having in- creased to a gale, Admiral Rod- ney brought to and took posses- sion of the Phoenix, 80, San Ju- lian, San Eugenia, Monarca, Princeza, and Diligente, of 74 guns. Two of the prizes, the San Julian and San Eugenia, were retaken by their crews and carried into Cadiz. The loss of the British on this occasion amounted to 32 killed, and 93 wounded. 1798. On 16th January, near Martinique, Lieut. Samuel Pym, with two boats of the 20-gun ship Babet, each containing 12 men, proceeded to attack a schooner. Lieut.Pym, in the pinnace, having 398 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 17 gained considerably on the launch, dashed alongside the schooner, and, after a sharp contest, carried her. She proved to be the 6-gun French schooner Desiree. British loss, two men drowned, Lieut. Pym and 5 men wounded. 1808. In the forenoon, the Linnet gun -brig, mounting 12 carronades, 18-pounders, and two long sixes, Lieut* John Tracey, when off Barfleur observed a lugger in chase of a merchant ship and a brig. The Linnet immediately joined the two latter, until night should favour her in closing w r ith the lugger. At 6h. 30m. p.m. the lugger Courrier, of 18 guns and 60 men, commenced firing, which was promptly re- turned. At 7h. p.m. the Linnet, arriving within musket-shot, poured in a well-directed broad- side of round and grape, which cut away the enemy’s main lug; but the sail was again hoisted. A steady and well-directed fire was then maintained by the Linnet for an hour and a half, during which time the lugger’s main haul-yards were cut away no less than ten times. At 8h. p.m., the Courrier being in a sinking state, hailed that she had surrendered. Her loss amounted to 4 men killed and 3 wounded. 1814. Capture of Alcmene and Iphigenie. — The French 40- gun frigates Iphigenie and Alc- mene, were cruising off the Canary islands, when discovered at 7h. a.m. by the 74-gun ship Venera- ble, Capt. James Andrew Worth, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral P. C. Durham, in company with the 22-gun ship Cyanc, and the Jason, French letter-of-marque they had captured. After a chase throughout the day, the Venera- ble arrived within hail of the Alcmene, the leewardmost fri- gate, at 6h. 15m. p.m., and had opened her fire as the guns came to bear, when the Alcmene put her helm up, and under ail sail laid the British 74 on board. A very short struggle decided her fate, and before 6h. 25m. the French colours were hauled down by the British boarders, headed by Capt. Worth. In this short conflict the Alcmene, out of a crew of 319, had 32 men killed and 50 wounded, including among the latter the gallant Captain Alexander Ducrest de Ville- neuve. The loss of the Vene- rable consisted of 2 men killed and 4 wounded. As soon as the prisoners were shifted, the Cyane and Jason made sail in pursuit of the Iphigenie. In the evening of the 19th, the Venerable was fast approaching the fugitive fri- gate, and at daylight on the 20th had arrived within two miles of her. A running fight was main- tained until 8h. a.m., when, after throwing overboard her boats, and cutting away her anchors without effect, the Iphigenie struck her colours without sus- taining any loss of men. — JHsfraL January 17. 1745. The 70-gun ships, Cap- tain and Hampton Court, Capts. Thomas Griffin and Savage Moys- ton, 60-gun ships Dreadnought and Sunderland, Capts. Thorpe, Fowke, and John Brett, in the Channel, gave chace to the French 74-gun ships Neptune and Floris- sant, having in company the Mars, late English privateer, which, separating from the ships of the line, was pursued and re- captured by the Captain. Owing to the Sunderland losing her fore- topmast, and to the want of anxiety on the part of Capt. Moyston to engage the enemy, the pursuit was abandoned at a January 18. NAVY. 399 moment when the action might have commenced. Capt. Moyston was tried by a court-martial, but acquitted. The conduct of Capt. Griffin in pursuing the smallest ship, instead of closing with a more important adversary, was anything but creditable to him. 1801. Capture of Eclair. — While the 20-gun ship Daphne, Capt. Richard Matson, 18-gun ship-sloops Cyane and Hornet, Capts. Henry Matson and James Nash, and schooner Garland, were at anchor in the harbour of the Saintes, a convoy of French coasters, in charge of an armed schooner, was observed on the 15th January standing across towards Vieux-Fort, in the island of Guadaloupe. At midnight, the Garland, accompanied by two boats from each of the three ships, under the command of Lieuts. Kenneth Mackenzie and Francis Peachey, were despatched to attempt the capture or the de- struction of the convoy. The whole of the vessels, however, ex- cept one, succeeded in getting un- der the guns of Basse-terre. That one having anchored near Vieux- Fort, was boarded and brought off under a heavy but harmless cannonade. On the 17 th, in the afternoon, the French schooner Eclair, of four long 4-pounders, twenty lj-pounder brass swivels, and 45 men, the escort of the convoy in question, was ob- served to put into Trois-Rivieres and anchor under the protec- tion of a battery, flanked by two smaller ones. Lieuts. Mackenzie and Peachey having volunteered to cut her out, the first-named officer, with 25 men, went on board the Garland; and at 5h. a.m. on the 18th, which was as early as the breeze would permit, the Cyane, with the tender and the boats, stood across to Trois- Rivieres. On arriving at that anchorage, the Garland ran the Eclair on board, and Lieuts. Mackenzie and Peachey, with 30 men, carried the French schooner in the face of the batteries. This gallant exploit was not performed wholly without loss, the British having one seaman and one ma- rine killed, and 3 men wounded. The Eclair, in her gallant de- fence, had 1 man killed, two drowned, her captain, and eight men wounded. The schooner, although mounting only four guns, was pierced for twelve, which she afterwards mounted in the British service. January 18. 1746. Due de Chartres, French privateer of 32-guns, was cap- tured off the Lizard by Edin- burgh, 70, Capt. Cotes. 1783. At daybreak, the 44-gun ship Argo, Capt. John Butchart, being off Sombrero on her way to Antigua, sprung her main-top- mast, and, whilst getting up an- other, was chased by the French 40 -gun frigates Concorde and Nymphe. At 1 lh. a.m, theNymphe closed and commenced the action with great disadvantage to the Argo, in consequence of the heavy sea running and the low- ness of her ports. Nevertheless, the Argo maintained the action, for nearly two hours, until the Concorde, arriving up, took part in the contest. At 4h. p.m., the Argo,. having sustained a loss of 13 killed and a great many wounded, and the ship being much disabled, hauled down her colours. The Argo was recap- tured by Invincible, 74, on the 20th. 1811. Dubourdieu, French 14- gun privateer, captured by Po- mone, 38, Capt. Barrie. 400 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 20. January 19. 1677. The 26-gun ship Guern- sey, Capt. Janies Harman, with a crew of 110 men, engaged the Algerine 50-gun ship White Horse, having a crew of 500 men. The action continued with much determination until the disabled state of the Guernsey’s masts and rigging enabled the Algerine to make her escape. Capt. Harman was wounded by three musket-halls and a severe contusion by a cannon-shot; he nevertheless retained the com- mand until he sank exhausted upon the ship’s deck; and three days afterwards he expired. Lieut. John Harris, who nobly supported his commander, was promoted in the month of August following. 1783. Leander and Cou- ronne. — The 50-gun ship Lean- der, Capt. John Willet Payne, when near Jamaica, on the 18th of January, fell in with and chased the French 80-gun ship Couronne, or, as stated by another authority, Pluton, 75. At lh. a.m. on the 19th, the Leander ranged up alongside to leeward of her powerful opponent, and gallantly brought her to action. Her posi- tion was so close, that she was three times set on fire by the wads of the French ship. At one time they -were foul of each other, and an attempt was made to board the Leander, but the enemy were beaten back with consider- able loss. For two hours the Leander sustained this unequal contest, when she became so crippled by the heavy fire of her opponent that she dropped to lee- ward. After an ineffectual attempt to rake the Leander, the enemy discontinued the action, and, hauling to the wind, was out of sight when the day broke. January 20. 1783. Argo, 44, taken on the- 18 th by two French frigates, re- captured by Invincible, 74, Capt* C. Saxton. 1801. Sans Pareille, 20 guns, laden with military stores for the French army in Egypt, taken by Mercury, 28, Capt Rogers, near Sardinia, after nine hours’ chase. 1810. In the evening a French convoy of about 30 sail making their appearance in the Mau- musson passage, and the van seeming inclined to push for Ro- chelle, the boats of the Christian VII., 80 guns, and Armide frigate, lying in Basque roads, under" the direction of Lieutenant Gardiner Henry Guion, were sent to inter- cept them. With their accus- tomed gallantry, the British at- tacked the convoy, which having run aground within a stone’s throw of the batteries, five of the vessels, under a heavy fire of grape and musketry, were burnt, a sixth captured, and the re- mainder compelled to put back. The captured vessels were chasse- marees, laden with wine, brandy, &c. In this affair, one of the Armide’s seamen was wounded, and two of the enemy killed. 1814. Capture of Iphigenie. — The French 40-gun frigate Iphigenie, the consort of the Alcmene, captured by the Vene- rable, as described on the 16th, was pursued by the Cyane, 22, and prize-brig Jason. At 10 h. p.m., the Jason, having outrun the former, commenced firing at the Iphigenie with her two guns. Such was the slow sailing of the French frigate, or the unskilful- ness of those who manoeuvred her, that at 42 minutes past mid- night, the Cayne had approached near enough to open a fire with her bow-guns, receiving in return January 21. NAVY 401 a fire from the stern-chasers of the Iphigenie, which damaged her sails and rigging. At 4h.30m. a.m. on the 1 7th, the Cyane fired three broadsides at her opponent ; but she soon found the latter too heavy for her, and dropped astern. At 5h. 45m. Captain Forrest despatched the brig in search of the Venerable, and con- tinued his pursuit of the Iphigenie, who shortly afterwards hauled to the wind on the larboard tack, and fired three harmless broad- sides at the Cyane. At 9h. a.m., the Iphigenie bore up ‘and steered south-west, still followed by the Cyane. The chase thus con- tinued, the Cyane losing sight of the enemy occasionally, during the remainder of the 17th and the whole of the 18th and 19th. In the evening the Cyane dropped astern; but the Venerable was now fast approaching, and at daylight on the 20th was within two miles of the French frigate. The Cyane was not visible from the Venerable, when the 74 opened a fire from her bow-guns, receiving in return a fire from the stern and quarter-guns of the Iphigenie. Having thrown over- board her boats, and cut away her anchors without effect, the French frigate, after firing her starboard broadside, struck her colours. Neither of the British ships sustained any loss, neither was there any casualty on board the Iphigenie.— January 21. 1807. Capture of Lynx. — At daybreak, the 32-gun frigate Galatea, Capt. George Sayer, cruising off the coast of the Caraccas, on the Spanish main, discovered from the mast-head the French 16-gun brig Lynx (24-pounder carronades and 2 sixes). As the brig, with the ad- vantage of the land-wind, aided by her sweeps, was fast leaving the Galatea, Capt. Sayer at 2 p.m. despatched six boats in pursuit, containing 50 seamen and 20 marines, under the command of Lieut. Wm. Coombe. Arrived within pistol-shot of the Lynx, then going about two knots an hour, the British, giving three cheers, pushed forward, and in another five minutes were along- side the brig. The assailants were repulsed by a heavy fire of grape and musketry, wounding, among others, Lieut. Coombe, by a musket-ball, which passed through the muscular part of his legless thigh. A second attempt to board was equally unsuccess- ful ; but the boats, as they dropped astern, poured into the brig a destructive fire of musketry. The British, nothing daunted, again dashed alongside, and after an arduous struggle, in which Lieut. Walker fell dead of his third wound, they gained the brig’s deck. A desperate and sangui- nary conflict of 5 minutes ter- minated by the Lynx being in possession of the boarders. Thus, in about 15 minutes from the first attempt to board, the Ga- latea’s boats carried the French brig, in chase of which they had been 7 hours pulling under a burning sun. The loss of the British amounted to 9 killed, 22 wounded. Out of a complement of 161 men and boys, the Lynx had 1 lieutenant and 18 killed, her captain, 5 officers and 14 men wounded. The Lynx, a fine vessel of 337 tons, became the Heureux in the British Navy, and her first commander was lie who had the best right to her, — the gallant William Coombe. — j&rtra L D D 402 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. January 22, 1810. Freija at Baie-Ma- haut. — The 36-gun frigate Freija, Capt. John Hayes, dis- covered three vessels lying at anchor in Baie-Mahaut, Guada- loupe. At 9h. 15m. p.m., four boats, containing 50 seamen and 30 marines, under the orders of Lieut. David Hope, pushed off from the frigate to attack the forts and attempt the capture or destruction of the vessels. After much difficulty in finding a pas- sage, the boats arrived within gun- shot, when they were met with a discharge of grape from a battery on the north-east point, and from another at the head of the bay. The guns of a brig, 6 in number, which were all mounted on one side, also opened upon the boats, and they were likewise assailed by a fire of musketry from the shore. Nevertheless, the British dashed alongside the brig, and as they entered on one side the Erenchmen fled from her on the other. Lieut. Hope pushed for the shore, and the enemy having retreated from the battery, were quickly pursued and soon routed by the bayonet. A long 24- pounder and 6 howitzers, toge- ther with the magazine, were destroyed. The lieutenant then attacked and carried the other battery, which was a complete work, ditched all round, mount- ing three 24-pounders. These the British destroyed, also a schooner pierced for 16 and mounting 12 guns, together with a large ship under repairs; and a 6-gun brig was brought out. The British had only two men wounded. January 22. 1783. Hussar and Sybtlle. — The French 36-gun frigate Sybille, under jury-masts, in con- sequence of the damage she had sustained in action with the Bri- tish 36-gun frigate Magicienne on the 2nd of January, was fallen in with off the Chesapeak on the 22nd, by the 2 8 -gun frigate Hussar, Capt. Thomas Macnamara Russel. The Sybille had been under the necessity of throwing twelve of her main- deck guns overboard, and was otherwise apparently in a defenceless state. This, added to a disgraceful misuse of the signal of distress, and to her hoisting British over French co- lours, induced Captain Russel, to run down under her lee, with the intention of affording assistance. But, on coming close alongside, the British colours were hauled down, and the Hussar became ex- posed to a heavy fire from the French frigate, followed by an attempt to board her. This the Hussar quickly returned, and the two ships running off the wind, were warmly engaged for up- wards of an hour, when the Sybille hauled up on the larboard tack, closely followed by the Hussar; and, after a pursuit of two hours, was again brought to action, and soon compelled to haul down her colours. On Com- modore Kergario presenting his sword to Capt. Russel, the latter was so incensed at the treache- rous proceeding of that officer, that he indignantly broke the sword in pieces, and put the Com- modore in confinement as a state prisoner. 1809. Capture of Topaze. — At 7 a.m., the 18-gun ship-sloop Hazard, Capt. Hugh Cameron, cruising off Guadaloupe, fell in with the French 40-gun frigate Topaze. At 9 A.M., the 32-gun frigate Cleopatra, Capt. Samuel John Pechell, appeared in the south-east, and shortly afterwards the' 38-gun frigate Jason, Capt. 4V. Maude, was seen in the same January 23, NAVY 403 direction. Thus hemmed in, the Topaze, hauled towards the shore, and at 1 1 a.m. came to an anchor under a battery a little to the southward of Tointe Noire. Owing to light and baffling winds, it was 4h. 39m. p.m. when the Cleopatra was enabled to arrive within 200 yards of the Topaze. Both ships then opened their fire. After the action had continued forty minntes, the Jason and Hazard arrived up ; and while the frigate brought to on the starboard quarter of the Topaze, the Hazard engaged the battery. Thus assailed, the Trench frigate, at 5h. 30m., hauled down her colours, having 12 men killed and 14 wounded, out of a complement, including 100 soldiers, of 430 men. The Cleopatra had 2 men killed, and 1 wounded. The Topaze was added to the British navy under the name of Alcmene. January 23. 1761. Minerva and War- wick. — The 32-gun frigate Mi- nerva, Capt. Alexander Hood, being off Cape Pinas, at daylight discovered the Prench 60-gun ship Warwick (late British), armed en flute. At lOh. 20m. the action commenced, and at llh., having had her fore and main -topmast shot away, she fell foul of the Minerva’s starboard-bow, and then dropped alongside. The heavy sea soon parted the com- batants, and just at the same time the British ship lost her bowsprit, and then her foremast. Having cleared the wreck, Capt. Hood again closed with his opponent, and at 4 p.m. renewed the en- gagement, which continued until 4h. 50m., when the Warwick sur- rendered with the loss of 14 men killed and 32 wounded, out of a complement of 295. The loss of the Minerva amounted to 14 killed and 34 wounded. At 9 p.m., the the mizen-mast of the Minerva fell over her side, and shortly afterwards the mainmast follow- ed, leaving her a complete wreck; nevertheless, Capt. Hood suc- ceeded in reaching a friendly port with his prize. 1798. The 36-gun frigate Me- lampus, Capt. Graham Moore, in lat. 50° N. long. 12° W., came up with, and captured, after a short defence, the Trench corvette Vo- lage, of 22 guns. The Melampus had 5 men wounded ; the Yolage 4 killed, 8 wounded. The prize was added to the British navy as a 20-gun ship. 1801. Lieut. Michael Titton, having fitted out a prize felucca of 50 tons burden, armed with one long 12-pounder gun on a pivot, was cruising on the Spanish Main, when, early in the morn- ing of 23rd January, she dis- covered near Cape Kosario, a schooner running along shore. The stranger, which was the Spa- nish garda-costa Santa Maria, mounting six (but pierced for ten) long 6-pounders, ten swivels, with a crew of 60 men, approach ed within musket-shot ; but, suspecting the character of the fe- lucca, altered her course to avoid the latter. Lieut. Titton being thus denied the opportunity of boarding, could only resort to his gun, which was discharged with such celerity and precision, that, after thirty minutes action, the Santa Maria crowded all sail, and stood in for the isle of Yarns, closely followed by her antagonist, who compelled her to run on shore ; and in a few minutes the felucca grounded within a few yards of her. The Spanish crew still keeping up a galling fire of D D 2 404 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 26. musketry, Lieut. Fitton, having no boat, gallantly jumped over- board, with his sword between his teeth, and, followed by seve- ral of his crew,* swam to the schooner, which he boarded, and, in spite of much resistance, gain- ed complete possession of the vessel. After allowing her crew to land, and taking from her all that could be removed, she was set on fire. The loss of the ene- my amounted to 5 killed and 9 wounded ; that of the British was 2 killed and 5 wounded. January 24. 1761. Richmond and Feli- Cite. — The 32-gun frigate Rich- mond, Capt. John Elphinstone, cruising off the coast of Flanders, on the 23rd, at 7 p. m. fell in with the French 32-gun frigate Feli- cite, to whom she gave chase. The pursuit was continued through the night under a press of sail, and it was not until lOh. 30m. a. m. on the 24th that the Richmond was enabled to bring the enemy to close action. Both ships standing towards the land near the Hague, at a little past noon they both took the ground, but continued the action with unabated vigour, in sight of hundreds of spectators on the shore. On the rising of the tide, the Richmond floated off, and, shortly afterwards, the crew of the French frigate having deserted her, she was boarded and taken pos- session of by the British. Iler loss amounted to nearly 100 in killed and wounded, including her cap- tain, M. Donnel ; whilst the Rich- mond, in this well-contested en- gagement, had only 3 killed and 13 wounded. The Fclicite was bound to the West Indies, and had on board a cargo valued at I 30,000/., but being hard and fast aground, the prize was set on fire and destroyed. January 25. 1732. Comte de Grasse de- feated. — . The British fleet of twenty-two sail of the line, under Rear-Adm. Sir Samuel Hood, was close off the south-east end of the island of Nevis, on the 23rd January, and on the follow- ing day captured the French 16- gun cutter Espion, with ammuni- tion for the relief the island of St. Christopher’s. At daybreak on the 25 th, the French fleet of twenty-nine sail of the line was discovered steering to the south- ward on the larboard tack. Adm. Hood stood towards the enemy, with the apparent intention of bringing on an action, which had the effect of drawing the French fleet off the land ; but no sooner had he accomplished this ma- noeuvre, than, aided by a favour- able change in the wind, he tacked, and succeeded in reaching the anchorage of Basse-terre, which the French admiral had quitted. Enraged at being thus defeated, the Comte de Grasse, on the 26th, made three distinct and furious attacks upon the British fleet, but was each time repulsed with con- siderable loss. January 26. 1781. In the morning of 22nd January, the 36-gun frigate Pre- sidente, being in company with the Porcupine, gave chase to a strange sail, and having outsailed her consort, continued the pursuit alone. In the night she brought the stranger to action, but the latter contrived to make her ' escape. On the 26th, she was I again seen to leeward, without a January 27. NAVY. 405 main- topsail-yard, and the Pre- sidente haying again closed with, her, she hauled down her' colours. She proved to be the 32-gun pri- vateer Americain, with a crew of 248 men. Having thrown her quarter-deck guns overboard in the chase, she had no more than 24 guns on board (long 8-pound- ers) when captured. 1782. Defeat of the French Fleet. — The British fleet under Kear-Adm Sir Thomas Graves, which had engaged the Comte de Grasse on 5th September, 1781, and returned to New York to refit, having been reinforced by two or three ships, sailed to the "West Indies, under the command of Rear-Adm. Sir Samuel Hood; and it being known that the Prench were besieging the island of St. Christopher’s, the admiral bore away for that place, in the hope of being able to throw in succour. On the 23rd January, 1782, this force, amounting to 23 ships of the line, was close off the south-east end of the island of Nevis, and on the following day captured the Prench 16-gun cut- ter Espion, laden with shot and shells to be employed in the at- tack of St. Christopher’s. At day- break on the 25th, the Prench fleet, under Comte de Grasse, consisting of one ship of 1 10 guns, 28 two-deckers, and two frigates, was discovered standing to the southward, on the larboard tack. Sir Samuel Hood, in order to draw the enemy off shore, feign- ed an immediate attack. This manoeuvre having thrown the enemy to leeward, the British fleet tacked and fetched the an- chorage of Basse-terre, which the Prench had quitted, and in the evening anchored in line of battle- ahead, in Prigate bay. The Comte de Grasse, disappointed in his object, and apprehensive that all communication with the army would be cut off, made a furious attack upon the rear of the Bri- tish fleet ; but this manoeuvre was so firmly resisted, that the enemy bore up for the offing. The Sole- bay frigate, being closely pur- sued, ran on shore on Nevis point, and was destroyed by her crew. On the morning of the 26th, the Prench fleet stoodin,and attacked the British line, from van to rear, without making any visible impression ; they then wore and hauled off to seaward. In order to strengthen the position of the rear of his fleet, Sir Samuel moved the seven rearmost ships towards the town of Basse-terre, forming an obtuse angle, by which means no one part of his fleet could suffer a partial attack. In the afternoon, the Comte de Grasse renewed the engagement, directing his principal attack against the centre and rear ; but he was again repulsed, with more loss than in the previous engage- ments. The British loss amount- ed to 72 men killed and 244 wounded. That of the enemy must have been very considerable, as above 1000 wounded men were sent to St. Eustatius. January 27. 1695. A squadron of six fri- gates, under Commodore James Killegrew, in the 60-gun ship Plymouth, being off Cape Bona, on the Barbary coast, fell in with the Prench ships Content, of 60 guns, and Trident, of 52 guns ; who, mistaking the fri- gates for merchant ships, made sail towards them, but discover- ing their error, hauled to the wind and endeavoured to escape. Commodore Killegrew gave chase, and at 4 i\ m. the Plymouth, having outsailed her companions, D T> 3 406 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. January 29, commenced engaging the enemy. For more than an hour did she alone contend with those two powerful ships ; during which time the gallant commodore was killed by a cannon-ball. The Falmouth, Capt. Caleb Grantham, next got into action, which she maintained for nearly an hour, when, the other British ships ar- riving up, the enemy separated on different courses. After a running fight during the night, the Content, pursued by the Car- lisle and Newcastle, and Trident by the Falmouth and Adventure, surrendered in the forenoon of the 28th, having lost many men, and being much disabled. The Plymouth sustained the loss of her captain and 14 men killed, and 30 wounded, besides being much damaged, with the loss of her fore-topmast. The united loss of the other ships amounted to about double that number. Commodore Killegrew was hur- ried at Messina, with military honours. 1807. At daylight, when about 26 miles N.b.W. of Soramine river, on the coast of Guiana, the 32 -gun frigate Jason, Captain Thomas Cochrane, having dis- covered and chased a ship and a brig on her weather-beam, at lOh. 15m. a. m. brought the ship to action, and presently compelled her to haul down her colours. The prize proved to be the late British sloop-of-war Favourite, mounting 29 guns, with a com- plement of 150 men. January 28., 1798. French privateer Ileu- reuse Nouvelle, 22, taken in the Channel by Indefatigable, 44, and squadron, under Capt. Sir Edward Pellew. 1801 . Capture of Dedai- gneuse. — On the 26 th January, at 8 a. M.,in lat. 45° N., Ion. 12° W., the 36-gun frigate Oiseau, Capt. Samuel Hood Linzee, fell in with and chased the French 36-gun frigate Dedaigneuse, from Cayenne, bound to Rochefort. The pursuit was continued until noon on the 27th, when, Cape Finisterre in sight, the 3 6 -gun frigates Sirius and Amethyst, Capts. Richard King and John Cooke, joined in the chase. But so well did the Dedaigneuse maintain her advantage, that it was not until 2 A. m. on the 28th that she was brought to action, and, after a running fight of 45 mi- nutes, compelled to haul down her colours ; having sustained a loss of several men killed and 1 7 wounded, — among the latter her captain. The prize, a ship of 807 tons, was added to the British navy under her own name. 1806. French privateer Vol- tigeur, 14 guns and 66 men, taken off Brest by Growler, 12, Lieut. Nesbitt. 1806. Sorcier, 1 4, 60 men, taken off Brest by Attack, 12, Lieut. Swain. January 29. 1744. Spanish 12-gun brig Nostra del Rosario taken by Fly sloop of 8 guns, Capt. Thom- son, off the Lizard. 1801. The British 24-gun ship Bordelais, Capt. Thomas Manby, while cruising to windward of Barbadoes, at noon discovered, in chase of her to windward, two men-of-war brigs and a schooner. The Bordelais immediately short- ened sail, and at sunset the French national brigs, Curieux, of 18 long 8-pounders and 160 men, Capt. George Radelet, and Mu- tine, of 16 long 6-pounders and 156 men, with the schooner Es- perance, of six 4-pounders and 52 men, had arrived within gun- January 30. NAVY. 407 shot. At 6 p. m., the Bordelais wore round, and had scarcely brought the Curieux to close ac- tion when the two consorts of the latter abandoned her to her fate. Nevertheless, the Curieux nobly defended the honour of her flag, sustaining an action with a ship of such superior force for thirty minutes within pistol-shot. The loss of the Trench brig was very severe : her captain had both his legs shot off, and sur- vived but a few hours ; and her killed and wounded amounted to about 50. The Bordelais, on the other hand, escaped with only one man killed and seven wound- ed, including among the latter Lieut. Robt. Barrie, who did not quit his quarters. The Trench brig’s hull had been so pierced with shot, that, in about half an hour after she was taken possession of, the Curieux was found to be sink- ing. Already had 120 prisoners been received from her, and every exertion was now made to save the wounded. So zealous were Lieut. Archibald Montgo- mery and his 20 men in perform- ing this service, that at 8h. p.m. the vessel foundered under them, close alongside the Bordelais. The floating wreck buoyed up all those brave fellows, except two midshipmen, Messieurs Spence and Auckland, and five seamen, who unfortunately perished with the gallant wounded of the Cu- rieux’s crew. 1806. Impromptu, Trench pri- vateer, 14 guns, taken by the Bruizer gun-brig, Lieut. Smithies, in the Downs. 1810. Charles, 14 guns, taken by the boats of the Phoenix fri- gate and Jalouse sloop, under the orders of Lieuts. Munday and Randall. 1813. The island of Augusta, in the Adriatic, surrendered to a British force, consisting of the 38-gun frigate Apollo, Capt. B. W. Taylor, Esperanza privateer, four gun-boats, and 250 troops, under Lieut.-Colonel Robertson. Curzola surrendered to the same force on 3rd of Tebruary. January 30. 1761. Capture op Brune. — The 36-gun frigate Yenus, Capt. Thomas Harrison, and 32-gun frigate Juno, Capt. Philips Towry, cruising off Scilly, gave chase to the Trench 36-gun fri- gate Brune. The Yenus, taking the lead, maintained a running fight with the chase during two hours, when the Juno having also closed with the enemy, the Brune struck her colours, having 19 men killed and 39 wounded. The Yenus had 4 men killed, Captain Harrison, the first lieutenant, master, and 15 men wounded. The Juno had two men wounded. The prize was commissioned as a British cruiser, under the same name. 1780. The 28-gun frigate Sur- prise, Capt. Samuel Reeve, being off the Dodman, fell in with two Trench privateers, a brig and a ship. The brig effected her es- cape ; but the ship, which was the Du Guay Trouin of 20 guns, was brought to action and compelled to surrender. Lieut. Charles Henry Lane, with a midshipman and seven men, were sent ,on board to take possession ; and the wind having increased to a heavy gale, rendered it impos- sible for the Surprise to send further assistance. Although among 130 Trenchmen, by dint of great perseverance and cour- age, Mr. Lane succeeded in taking the Du Guay Trouin into Plymouth, and she being a new ship, was purchased into the Royal navy, under the same name. D D 4 408 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 2. January 31. 1748. Capture of Magna- ni me. — The 60-gun ship Notting- ham, Capt. Robert Harland, hav- ing chased from a squadron under Rear-Admiral Hawke, at lOh. a. 3 i. commenced a running fight with the French 74-gun ship Magnanime, Capt. the Marquis d’Albert, which continued six hours. The Portland, 60, joined in the pursuit, and having arrived up and opened her fire, the Mag- nanime struck her colours. Out of a crew of 686 men, she had 45 killed and 105 wounded. Being a new ship, she was added to the British navy under the same name. The Nottingham sustained a loss of 16 men killed and 18 wounded; Portland 4 men wounded. 1761. The 28-gun frigates Solebay and Amazon, Capts. John Dalrymple and Basil Keith, chased, and drove ashore under the walls of Calais, the French 18 -gun privateer Chevrette. The privateer was afterwards got off by the exertions of the crews of the British ships, and was added to the British navy under the name of Pomona. 1779. Capture of Oiseau. — The 32-gun frigate Apollo, Capt. Philemon Pownall, cruising off the north coast of France, chased a convoy of 10 sail, under the protection of the 26-gun frigate Oiseau, commanded by the Che- valier dc Tarade. At lh. 30m., being then close to the shore off St. Brieux, the Apollo brought the enemy’s frigate to close ac- tion, and, after a defence of one hour and thirty minutes, com- pelled her to surrender, with con- siderable loss of men. The Apollo had six men killed, Capt. Pownall, his two lieutenants, and 19 men wounded. 1797. The 12-pounder 32-gun frigate Andromache, Captain Charles John Moore Mansfield, having run far ahead of a small squadron cruising off the Mon- sheque Mountains, in pursuit of a strange ship, came up with her just as the day had closed in. After hailing, and being answered in Spanish, the Andromache opened her fire, and the two ships continued closely engaged for up- wards of 40 minutes ; when, after an attempt to board the British frigate, her opponent surrendered. She proved to be an Algerine, of the same force as the Andro- mache, who had taken the latter for a Portuguese frigate. The mistake cost the British 3 men killed and 6 wounded; and the Algerine 66 killed and 70 wounded. February 1. 1807. Lark and Spanish Gun- boats. — Late in the evening of 26th January, the 18-gun sloop Lark, Captain Robert Nicholas, cruising off the Spanish main, chased, and, early on the 27th, captured two Spanish garda-costa schooners ; one, the Postilion, of one long 12 -pounder, two 6- pounders, and 76 men, and the other the Carmen, of one 12- pounder, four 6-pounders, and 72 men, each commanded by a lieutenant in the Spanish navy. On the 1st February, having the prizes in company; with ten men in each, the Lark discovered a convoy of market-boats, protected by two gun-vessels and an armed schooner. The convoy ran on shore ; but the gun-boats and schooner sought refuge in a creek of Zespata bay, protected by a four-gun battery. The Lark fol- lowed these vessels into the bay and soon silenced the fort ; but February 2. NAVY, 409 not being able, owing to the shal- lowness of the water, to enter the creek, she anchored at the entrance. The captain, taking with him the whole of the sloop’s remaining officers and crew, amounting to about 100 men and boys, proceeded up the creek in the boats. The Spaniards rowed out to meet the British, and, until they got near, kept up a smart fire ; but, finding them- selves closely attacked, they wore round and fled. Capt. Nicholas, in a single boat, closed with the sternmost gun-vessel, mounting one long 24-pounder and two 6- pounders, and, although she ran on shore, was carried, after a des- perate resistance. Out of 16 men in the captain’s boat, three were dangerously, and himself se- verely wounded. All further suc- cess was now at an end ; for, in following the other gun-boat and the armed schooner up the creek, the pilot missed the channel and ran the two garda-costas on shore. The action, nevertheless, con- tinued until 5h. p.m., when, find- ing that there was no probability of getting the vessels afloat, the two schooners were destroyed and the boats returned to their ship. February 2. 1747. Trench 36-gun frigate Bellone taken by squadron under Capt. Cotes, cruising in the bay. 1813. The 18-gun brig King- fisher, Capt. Ewell Tritton, being about six miles to the NNW. of Taro, early in the morning de- tached two boats, under acting Lieut. Geo. H. Palmer, in pursuit of several trabaccolos. After a chase of five hours, the boats suc- ceeded in capturing one vessel, and running nine on shore near St. Catherine’s, in the island of Corfu, five of which were totally destroyed. In executing this ser- vice, during which they were ex- posed to a heavy fire of musketry from the heights and from a one- gun battery, the British sustained a loss of two men killed and seven severely wounded. February 3. 1781. Mars, 38, and five other Dutch vessels mounting from 14 to 26 guns, surrendered, with the island of St. Eustatia, to the fleet under Admiral Bodney. 1807. Eleven Spanish ships of war, mounting from 1 6 to 22 guns, with 15 gun-boats, 6 row-boats, and 43 merchantmen, surrendered at Montevideo to the British squa- dron under Bear-Adm. Stirling. 1810. Capture of Canno- niere. — At daylight, the 74-gun ship Valiant, Capt. John Bligh, being close to Belleisle, in light baffling winds, discovered about three miles off and immediately chased the late Trench 40-gun frigate Cannoniere, but now the armed merchant-ship Confiance, mounting 1 4 guns, and laden with a cargo of colonial produce, va- lued at 150,000/. sterling, with which she had sailed from the Isle of Trance 93 days before. About noon, after a seven hours’ chase, the Confiance was taken aback ; consequently, her escape being hopeless, she hauled down her colours. 1812. Southampton and Amethyste. — The 12 -pounder 32-gun frigate Southampon, mounting 38 guns, including 10 carronades 24-pounders, and two sixes, Capt. Sir James Lucas Yeo, arrived off the south side of Gua- naboa, St. Domingo, where, at 6h. a. m., she fell in with three vessels belonging to the revolters fromPetion'andChristophe. These were the Amethyste, 18-pounder 410 CALENDAR OF VICTORY, February 4. 40- gun frigate (late French Feli- cite, captured in June, 1809, by the Latona), mounting 44 guns, a corvette, and a brig. Sir James Yeo determined to detain the Amethvste, and conduct her to the admiral; hut her captain, re- fusing the order to that effect, the Southampton, at 6h. 30m., opened her fire, which was instantly re- turned. Before the action had lasted half an hour the main and mizen masts of the Amethyste had fallen, and at 7h. 45m. she surrendered, just as her foremast and bowsprit went by the board. In the meantime her two consorts had made sail, and ran for shelter under the batteries of Maraguana. Out of 212 men and boys in the Southampton, only one man was killed and ten wounded ; whilst her antagonist, out of a crew of 700 men, of all nations, had 105 killed and 125 wounded, including her captain, M. Gas- pard. 1813. Reduction of Cuuzola. — The 38-gun frigate Apollo, Capt. B. W. Taylor, with Espe- ranza schooner, and 4 gun-boats, with troops under Lieut. -Col. Robertson, leaving a garrison in the island of Augusta, in the Adriatic, which had surrendered on 29th January, sailed on 1st February for the neighbouring island of Curzola; and on the same night, 160 soldiers, 70 sea- men, and 50 marines, with a howitzer, landed at Port Bufalo, and carried a hill that command- ed the town. Finding the enemy determined to hold out, Captain Taylor embarked the seamen, and on the morning of the 3rd attacked and silenced the six bat- teries. This led to an immediate capitulation. The loss of the British amounted to two men killed and one wounded on board the Apollo. 1814. Capture of Terpsi- chore. — On the 2nd February, the 5 6 -gun ship Majestic, Cap- tain John Hayes, at daylight dis- covered four sail, which proved to be the French 40-gun fri- gates Atalante and Terpsichore, with two captured vessels. At 10h., the Majestic bore up in chase ; and at llh. 45m. the enemy stood away under all sail, the prizes separating, and making off to the eastward. After a run- ning fight, which lasted until 5h., the Terpsichore hauled down her colours. The wind had increased so much, that it was with diffi- culty part of the prisoners could be removed. The Atalante es- caped. The Terpsichore, out of a crew of 320, had three men killed and six wounded ; but the Ma- jestic did not sustain any loss. February 4. 1667. On 4th February, the 10-gun Ketch, Deptford, Com- mander Mark Pearce, near Al- derney, engaged and beat off some French armed vessels por- tecting a convoy, and captured a frigate-built merchant-ship of 400 tons, mounting 6 guns. 1781. The Dutch 60* gun ship Mars, with the whole of her con- voy, captured in the West Indies, by Monarch, 74, Panther, 60, and Sybil, 28, Capts. Reynolds, Har- vey, and Fitzgerald. 1804. In the evening of 3rd February, the 74-gun ship Cen- taur, stationed off the Diamond rock, detached four boats, con- taining 60 seamen and 12 ma- rines, under the orders of Lieut. Robert Carthew Reynolds, to at- tempt the capture of the French brig Curieux, mounting 16 long 6-p'ounders, with a crew of 70 men, lying at anchor close under fort Edouard, at the entrance of February 5, NAVY. 411 the Carenage, fort Royal harbour, Martinique, fully prepared to re- sist an attack, having the board- ing netting triced up. It 'was about three-quarters past mid- night, after a hard pull of 20 miles, just as the moon was peep- ing from behind a cloud, that the Centaur’s boats were hailed by the Curieux, and immediately fired into. The marines discharged their muskets, and the boats pulled rapidly on. Lieut. Rey- nolds ascended the brig’s stern by a rope-ladder, to which two boats were fast, having cut away one of the tricing-lines with his sword, in defiance of the swivels and wall-pieces of the enemy ; and was quickly followed by the barge’s crew. The other three boats were thus enabled to board on the brig’s quarter. A san- guinary combat now ensued, but the French were soon over- powered, and all further resist- ance presently ceased. In a few minutes the Curieux was under sail, standing out of fort Royal harbour, under a smart fire from fort Edouard and two other bat- teries ; and long before break of day was at anchor by the side of the Centaur. This gallant enter- prise was accomplished with so small a loss as 9 wounded. Of that number were three officers, — the gallant leader, Lieut. Rey- nolds, with five severe, and, as they eventually proved, mortal wounds ; Lieut. George Edmund Byron Bettesworth, and Mr. John Treacy, midshipman. The loss on the part of the enemy amount- ed to one midshipman and 9 men killed, and 30, including all her officers, wounded. The Curieux was commissioned, and the com- mand given to the officer who headed the party that captured her ; but the wounds of Captain Reynolds were of too severe a nature to admit of his taking charge of her; and in September following, this gallant young offi- cer breathed his last. February 5. 1800. Capture of Pallas Intelligence having reached Jer- sey that a French frigate was hovering about the islands, the 18 -gun corvette Fairy, Capt. S. Horton, and 18-gun brig Harpy, Capt. Henry Bazeley, weighed from St. Aubin’s bay early on the morning of 5th February, with a fresh breeze at north-west. At llh. 30m. a.m. Cape Frehel bearing south-east, distant about six miles, a large ship was dis- covered running down along the land to the westward. It being determined to bring the stranger, which was the French 18 -pounder 38-gun frigate Pallas, to action, in order to draw her off the land, the Fairy and Harpy tacked to the northward. The Pallas immediately did the same, and lh. p.m. arrived within pistol-shot to windward of the British vessels. The engagement lasted from lh. p.m. until 3h. p.m., when the latter bore away to the north- east. Soon afterwards, the 38 -gun fri- gate Loire, Capt. N. Newman, 20-gun ship Danae, Capt. Lord Proby, and 16 -gun sloop Railleur, Capt. W. T. Turquand, hove in sight to leeward of her. The French frigate gallantly engaged the Loire, Railleur, Harpy, and Fairy, until midnight, when she surrendered. The Loire had 3 men killed, Midshipmen W. O. Pell, F. W. Eves, and J. A. Medway, and 16 men wounded. Railleur, Midshipman William Brothers and 2 seamen killed, and 4 wounded. Fairy, 4 men killed, Capt. Horton, the purser (Peter Hughes), and 7 wounded; and the 412 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 6, Harpy, 1 man killed and three wounded. Total, 9 killed, 36 wounded. The Fallas, a new ship of 1029 tons, was added to the British navy by the name of Pique. — iHcUaf. 1804. The 12-gun schooner Eclair, Lieut. William Carr, while cruising about 60 leagues to the northward of Tortola, fell in with the French privateer Grand De- cide, mounting 22 long 8 -pound- ers, with a crew of 220 men. After a very close action of 45 minutes, the Decide bore up and made sail to the northward, and, although pursued by the Eclair, made her escape. In this very gallant exploit, the Eclair, out of her 60 men and boys, lost one man killed and 4 wounded. February 6. 1799. Spanish 34*gun frigate Santa-Teresa, captured near Ma- jorca by the Argo, 44, Capt. James Bowen, after a feeble re- sistance; the Leviathan, 74, Com- modore J. T. Duckworth, being in sight. 1806. Battle of San Do- mingo. — A squadron, consisting of the Superb, 74, Vice-Admiral Sir John T. Duckworth, K. B., Capt. R. G. Keats; Northumber- land, 74, Rear-Admiral Hon. Alexander J. Cochrane, Capt. John Morrison ; Canopus, 80, Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas Louis, Capt. Francis W. Austen; Spen- cer, 74, Capt. Hon. Robert Stop- ford; Donegal, 74, Capt. Fultney Malcolm; Atlas, 74, Capt. Samuel Fym ; Agamemnon, 64, Capt. Sir Edward Berry ; Acasta, 38, Capt. Richard D. Dunn; King- fisher, 18, Capt. N. D. Cochrane, and Epervier, Lieut. T. Higgin- son, at daylight on the 6th, gained sight of a French squadron at anchor off the town of St. Do- mingo. At 7h. 30m. a.m., the French ships slipped, and made sail to the westward, with a light air of wind from the northward, formed in line of battle thus: — Alexandre, 80, Imperial, 120 ("flag of Vice-Admiral Leissei- gues), Diomede, 74, Jupiter, 74, Brave, 74, with Felicite and Cor- nete frigates, and Diligente cor- vette. At 8h. a.m, the British formed in two lines, the Superb, Northumberland, Spencer, and Agamemnon, the weather ; the Spencer, Donegal, and Atlas, the lee; the frigates and brigs being to windward. At lOh. 10m., the Superb opened her fire on the larboard quarter of the Alexandre, and in a few minutes the North- umberland was in action with the Imperial. In another five minutes the Spencer engaged the Dio- mede ; the ships now running nearly before the wind, at the rate of seven knots an hour. After the third broadside, the Alexandre hauled suddenly up on the larboard tack, across the bows of the Superb, leaving the Imperial in close action with the Superb and Northumberland. At lOh. 25m., the Alexandre at- tempted to pass between the Northumberland and Spencer, but the latter pouring in a raking fire compelled her to wear, and then brought her to close action ; and the two ships continued en- gaging with their heads to the northward, while the remaining ships of both squadrons were standing to the westward. The Northumberland having advanced on the Superb, gallantly pushed in between that ship and the Imperial, and was for a con- siderable time exposed to her tremendous broadside. At lOh. 35m.,. the Canopus, leading the lee column, crossed the bows of the Alexandre and Spencer, and Te bruary 7. NAVY. 413 firing a broadside into the Trench ship, brought down her already tottering masts. The Donegal and Atlas, in passing, also fired into the Alexandre, which ship continued to defend herself until llh. a.m., when being incapable of further resistance, she sur- rendered. Without waiting to take possession, the Spencer made sail towards the resisting enemy. At lOh. 15m., the Donegal fired her starboard broadside into the Brave ; then passing under her stern, ranged up on the starboard side, and, after an hour’s close action, the Trench colours were hauled down. The Atlas brought the Jupiter to action, but in obe- dience to a signal from the ad- miral, she proceeded on, to attack the enemy’s van. The Donegal now became the opponent of the Jupiter, and after engaging a short time, threw herself across the bows of the Jupiter, the bow- sprit passing over the Donegal’s larboard quarter, in which po- sition it was secured. Tinding further resistance of no avail, the Jupiter surrendered. The Atlas, at about llh. A.M., closed with the Imperial, still engaged with the Northumberland, and was endeavouring to pass under her stern, when she fell on board the Canopus, and carried away her own bowsprit. The Atlas became closely engaged with the Diomede for about ten minutes, when the Spencer came, up and joined in the action. The Imperial, at llh. 30m. having lost her main and mizen masts, hauled towards the land, and within ten minutes she struck with such violence that her remaining mast went over the side. About the same time, the mainmast of the Northumberland fell in-board. The Diomede also ran ashore, and at the same mo- ment her three masts went over the side. Thus within two hours, the five ships of the line were either captured or driven ashore. The total loss of the British amounted to 74 killed and 264 wounded.— 1810. The island of Guada- loupe surrendered to a squadron under Vice- Adm. Hon. Sir. Alex. Cochrane, and troops commanded by Lieut.- Gen. Sir Geo. Beckwith. — JHetfaL February 7. 1813. Amelia and Arethuse. — The 38-gun frigate Amelia, mounting 48 guns, Capt. the Hon. Paul Irby, when off Tamara, coast of Africa, on the 7 th of Tebruarv, at 6h. p. m., observed the Trench 40-gun frigate Arethuse, mount- ing 44 guns, Commodore Bouvet, standing towards her. It was a beautiful moonlight night, with the sea perfectly smooth, when as the Amelia, at 7h. 45m., arrived within pistol-shot on the starboard and weather-bow of the Arethuse, the action commenced. After the third broadside, the main-topsail of the Amelia being thrown a- back, she fell on board her oppo- nent, and became exposed to a heavy fire of musketry and hand grenades from the Arethuse, who, after an ineffectual attempt to board, threw all a-back, and dropped clear. The Amelia, upon this, set her stay-sails, and, in endeavouring a second time to cross the bows of her antagonist, she fell on board her, and the ships swung alongside of each other at about 9h. 15m. Among those who fell at this period of the contest were Lieuts. John James Bates and John Pope, and Lieut, of marines Bobert G. Grainger. Capt. Irby was so se- verely wounded as to be obliged to leave the deck to the command of Lieutenant George Wells, who 414 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 9 , shortly afterwards was killed, and Mr. Anthony Mavne, the master, took the command. At length the two ships separated, and in the almost calm state of the weather they gradually re- ceded, with their broadsides still hearing upon each other, until llh. 20m. p. M. In this desperate conflict the masts and yards of the Amelia were badly wounded, her rigging cut to pieces, and her hull much shattered. Of the crew, consisting of 265 men and 30 hoys, making, with 54 supernu- meraries (part of the crew of the Daring gun-brig), a total of 349, she had 51 killed, 90 wounded. The Arethuse is stated to have had 31 killed, including 11 officers, and 74 wounded. February 8. 1805. Curieux and Dame Ernouf. — The 16-gun brig Cu- rieux, Capt. George E. B. Bettes- worth, cruising off Barbadoes, at daylight gave chase to the French privateer Dame Ernouf, mount- ing the same force as the Curieux, — 16 long 6-pounders, — and after a run of twelve hours, ranged up on her weather and starboard quarter. A close action was main- tained for 40 minutes, when the privateer luffed up with the in- tention of boarding the Curieux, but the latter, putting her helm a-starboard, caught the jib-boom of her opponent between the fore- mast and the forestay, and in this position poured in a raking and destructive fire on the French- man’s decks. The British crew were preparing to board, when the Dame Ernouf dropped clear of the Curieux, and after a trifling resistance hauled down her co- lours, having 30 men killed and 40 wounded, out of a crew of 120 men. The Curieux, out cf 67 men and boys, lost the purser j (Mr, Madox) and 5 seamen killed, and Capt. Bettesworth and three | seamen wounded. IS 08. In the evening, three boats of the 36-gun frigate Me- leager, Capt. John Broughton, cruising off San Jago de Cuba, were detached under the orders of Lieut. George Tupman to cap- ture the polacca-rigged privateer schooner Renard, aimed with one long 6-pounder, and 47 men, at anchor under the shore. Although the enemy were perfectly pre- pared, she was gallantly boarded and carried without loss on either side,— a great portion of the crew having jumped overboard and swam to the shore. 1813. Capture of Lottery. — Nine boats were detached from the Maidstone, Belvidera, Junon, and Statira frigates, lying in Lvn- haven bay, under the orders of Lieut. Kelly Nazer, in chase of the American schooner Lottery, of 6 carronades, 12-pounders, and 28 men. At 7h. r. m., it fell calm, and as the boats approached an animated fire of round and grape was opened upon them ; never- theless, she was boarded, and, after an obstinate resistance, carried. Captain Southcomb, of the Lottery, and 18 men, were wounded. The loss of the British was comparatively slight, having one man killed and 5 wounded. February 9. 1746. Portland and Au- guste. — Portland, 50, Captain Charles Stevens, cruising in the English Channel, captured, after a smart action, the French 50-gun ship Auguste, in which she sus- tained a loss of 50 men killed and 94 wounded, and was totally dis- masted before she surrendered. The Portland had 5 men killed and 13 wounded. February lO. NAVY. 415 1799. Daedalus and Pru- dente. — At daybreak the 12- pounder 32 -gun frigate Daedalus, Capt. Heniy Lidgbird Ball, off Cape Natal, on the south-east coast of Africa, gave chase to the Prench 3 6 -gun frigate Prudente, mounting 30 guns. At about a quarter past noon the Prudente closed with the Daedalus, which shortly afterwards passed close under the stern of the French frigate, and luffed up within pistol- shot on her starboard quarter. After a spirited action, that lasted until lh. 20m., and having lost her mizen-mast, with 27 of her men killed and 22 wounded, the Prudente struck her colours. The Daedalus, out of 212 men and boys, had only 2 killed and 12 wounded. 1808. The Decouverte schoon- er, of 8 carronades, 12-pounders, and 37 men and boys, chased the French schooner Dorade, mount- ing one long 18 -pounder on a pivot, and two long- 8s, with 72 men, into Bottomless Cove, St. Domingo, and at 3h. p.m., brought her to action. In the second round, three of the Decouverte’s carronades were dismounted: not- withstanding this, and the great superiority of the enemy in mus- ketry, the Decouverte, in three quarters of an hour, compelled the Dorade to haul down her colours. The British loss amounted to 5 sea- men wounded, including Lieut. Campbell. On board the privateer 13 were killed and 7 wounded. February 10. 1710. On 10th February, off Cape Clear, the 50-gun ships Salis- bury and St. Albans, Captains Francis Hosier and Thomas Laurence, captured a French 60- gun ship, after a gallant defence. Salisbury had 5 men killed and 25 wounded. 1809. Capture of Junon. — At 2h. p. m., on the 8th February, the French 40-gun frigate Junon, Capt. Rousseau, was chased off the Virgin Islands by the 16-gun brigs Asp and Superieure, Capts. Robert Preston and William Ferrie. The Asp was soon left far behind, but the Superieure, although with only four guns mounted, continued with the most persevering gallantry to follow and engage the enemy. In course of the following day the 3 8 -gun frigate Latona, Capt. Hugh Pigot, made her appearance to leeward. At daylight on the 10th, the Junon was about 12 miles distant, and would probably have made her escape had not the Horatio, 38, Capt. George Scott, and 18- gun sloop Driver, Capt. Charles Claridge, hove in sight, at about lOh. 30m., on the French frigate’s weather-bow. Thus hemmed in, the Junon gallantly defended herself in a close action of 50 minutes with the Horatio, until she had her main and mizen top- masts shot away, and sustained a loss of 130 in killed and wounded, including her gallant commander mortally, out of a crew of 323 men. Being closely pressed by the Latona, she endeavoured to haul to the wind, when her main and mizen-mast fell over the side, and at 3h. 40m. p.m. the Junon struck her colours. The Horatio, out of a crew of 270, had 7 killed; her captain and 25 wounded. The Latona, 6 wounded. The Driver, one man wounded. — iHetral. 1810. Thistle and Havik. — The 10-gun schooner Thistle (18-pounder carronades), Lieut. Peter Procter, with 50 men and boys, in lat. 25° 22' N., long. 61° 27' W., at 5h. p.m.. brought to action, after a chase of 7 hours, the Dutch corvette Havik, pierced 416 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 11 for 18 guns, but mounting 6 long 4-pounders, and four 2 -pounder swivels, with a complement of 52 men and boys, including the Batavian Rear-Admiral A. A. Buyskes, and was valuably laden. The engagement continued until 6h. 45m., when the Havik made all sail before the wind; but at 8h. 30m. the Thistle was again alongside, and, after some further resistance, compelled her to strike her colours. The Thistle had one man killed, her commander and 6 men wounded. On board the Havik, 1 man was killed ; the Dutch admiral and 7 men were badly wounded. — jHcXfal. February 11. 1744. Battle off Toulon. — On the 9 th February, the com- bined fleet of France and Spain, consisting of 28 ships of the line, including 3 of 50 guns, appeared outside the port of Toulon, where a British fleet of 27 sail of the line, exclusive of nine of 50 guns under Admiral Matthews, was cruising. The two fleets spent that day and all the next in manoeuvring; and on the 11th the British admiral made the signal for battle. After waiting some time for the junction of Vice- Adm. Lestock’s division, which was about five miles to windward, Adm. Matthews determined on engaging without the aid of that force. The combined fleet was under easy sail, with their heads to the southward on the starboard tack, the French ships being in the van. At lh. r. m. the Namur, 90, bearing the flag of Adm. Matthews, closed with Adm. Na- varro in the Royal Phillip, 112, and Rcar-Adm. Hon. W. Rowley in the Barfleur, 90, arrived abreast of the Terrible, 74, the flag-ship of the French Admiral De Court. These ships, followed by the Marlborough, 74, Capt. Cornewall, and Norfolk, 74, Capt. Hon. J. Forbes, gallantly attacked the centre of the combined fleet; whilst the Princess a, 74, Bedford, 74, Dragon and Kingston, 50, engaged the rear division. The Barfleur was well supported by the Princess Caroline, 80, Capt. Henry Osborne; and Capt. Ed- ward Hawke in the Berwick, 70, engaged the Poder, 74, with such effect as to compel her to sur- render. The wind was so light and variable, that the ships could with difficulty keep clear of each other. The Namur, aided by the Marlborough, reduced the Royal Philip to a wreck, and succeeded in beating out of the line those ships which came to her support. The loss of the English, amount- ing to 92 killed, 185 wounded, fell principally on the following ships : — The Marlborough had her cap- tain and 42 killed ; Lieut. Fred. Cornewall and 120 men wounded. The Namur 8 killed; Capt. John Russell (mortally) and 11 men wounded. Barfleur, 25 men killed, and 20 wounded ; Princess Ca- roline, 8 killed and 20 wounded ; Norfolk, 9 killed and 1 3 wounded. The captured ship, the Poder, was destroyed on the succeeding day. The loss to the Spaniards is estimated at 1000 men killed and wounded. 1782. Fort Ostenburg stormed. — A party of seamen and marines, under Capt. Gcll of the Monarca, 68, from the fleet of Vice-Adm. Sir Edward Hughes, after the reduction of Trincomalee fort in the island of Ceylon, on 5th February, deter- mined to attack fort Ostenburg. At daybreak on the 11th, 450 men, with pioneers on each flank, advanced to the assault, and driving the enemy from the February 12. NAVY. 417 works, despite a vigorous oppo- sition, gained possession of the fort. The British loss on this occasion amounted to 21 killed and 42 wounded. February 12. 1745. Hose and Conception. — The Rose, of 20 guns and 125 men, Capt. Thomas Frankland, cruising off the coast of South Ca- rolina, after a sanguinary battle, captured the Spanish 20-gun ship Conception, with a crew of 326 men, — 116 of whom were killed and 40 wounded. The prize was from Carthagena, bound to the Havannah, having, besides a va- luable cargo, sixty-eight chests of silver. It is related that, when the ship was put up for sale, the captain, upon promise of reward* discovered to Capt. Frankland 30,000 pistoles, that had been con- cealed in the lining of the ship. 1811. Attack of Ortona. — The 32 -gun frigate Cerberus, Capt. Henry Whitby, and Active, 38, Capt. J. A. Gordon, cruising off the north-east coast of Italy, in the morning of the 12th Feb. despatched the boats, under the orders of Lieut. James Dickinson, to attempt the capture of the enemy’s convoy in the harbour of Ortona, formed by a large pier projecting into the sea, connected with a range of hills leading to the town, which, situated on the highest, completely commands the vessels in the port. As the boats approached at lOh. a.m., a fire of great guns and musketry was opened upon them from an armed Venetian trabaccolo and from soldiers on the beach. The British, cheering, dashed forward, and although the trabaccolo mounted six guns and was full of men, she was gallantly boarded and carried. Lieut. Dickinson then landed with the marines and small-arm men. This party had to climb up rocks of difficult ascent; but, in spite of every ob- stacle, they attained the strong post, and the British colours were planted at the very gates of the town. Ten vessels in the harbour were then secured, whilst the di- vision on shore burnt two large military stores destined for the garrison of Corfu. This was ac- complished with the trifling loss of 4 men wounded. 1848. Attack of Nicaragua. — Capt. Granville Loch, com- manding the Alarm, 2 6, proceeded up the river San Juan di Nica- ragua, with twelve boats, con- taining 260 officers and men from the Alarm and Vixen steamers; and, after a sharp action of one hour and forty minutes, with the loss of 2 men killed and 13 wounded, captured the post and fort of Scropagni, which consisted of six angular stockaded intrench- ments, situated on a point under which the river ran at the rate of five miles an hour. Capt. Loch then took possession of Fort San Carlos, at the entrance of the lake of Nicaragua, whence he compelled that government to re- dress the insults offered to the British Protectorate of the Mos- quito King ; and a treaty was signed on 7th March, by which the Nicaraguan Government bound themselves to secure the King of Mosquito peaceable possession of his dominion. For this important service, which lasted 35 days, performed entirely in boats, Capt. Loch received the Companionship of the Bath. February 13. 1808. The 20-gun ship Con- fiance, Capt. James Lucas Yeo, cruising off Lisbon, watching the E E 418 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. February 14. movements of the Russian squa- dron lying in the Tagus, sent her cutter and jolly-boat, under the command of master’s mate Robert Trist, to row guard at the en- trance of the river. Perceiving a French gun-vessel at anchor under fort St. Pedro, between Belem and San Julien, he in- stantly attacked her, and in spite of a determined resistance, car- ried the gun- vessel No. 1., com- manded by an enseiynede vaisseau, mounting one long 24-pounder, and two brass sixes, with 100 stand of arms and 50 men, of whom 3 were killed and 9 badly wounded; but the British, though fired upon in their approach, did not lose a man. Mr. Trist was deservedly promoted for this truly gallant exploit. — iHcfraL 1810. Basque Roads. — Three chasse-marees, having grounded on the reef that projects from the point of Chatelaillon, between the Isle d’Aix and Rochelle, the boats of the squadron, under the orders of Lieut. G. H. Guion, were immediately despatched, con- sisting of three from the Christian VII., three from the Armide, and two from the Seine, for the pur- pose of destroying the grounded vessels. As the eight boats ad- vanced towards the chasse-marees, nine French boats, each carrying a 12-pounder carronade and six swivels, and rowing from 20 to 30 oars, pulled out to intercept them. Lieut. Guion made a feint of retreating to decoy the flotilla from their shore defences. The enemy, encouraged by this ap- parent flight, exultinglv pursued their opponents, until Lieut. Guion pulled round, and, followed by the other boats, stood towards them. The French immediately retreat- ed; but the Christian VIL’s barge, in which was Lieut. Guion, boldly advanced along their rear until she reached the third boat. Find- ing, however, that the rearmost boat was the only one likely to be attacked with any prospect of success, Lieut. Guion gallantly laid her on board and carried her, with the loss of two men killed and three wounded, in- cluding the French officer. The British, having destroyed the chasse-marees on the reef, re- turned to their ships without in- curring any loss. Lieut. Guion was promoted. — iHchaL 1814. Skirmish off Toulon. — A French squadron of three sail of the line and three frigates was chased into Toulon by the British fleet, under Sir Edward Pellew. The Boyne, 9S, closely followed by the Caledonia, 120, bearing the flag of the com- mander-in-chief, gallantly en- gaged the enemy; and in endea- vouring to cut off the Romulus, 74, the Boyne was in great danger of getting on shore. After a spirited action, and being also fired upon by the numerous batteries, the British relinquished the pursuit. The Boyne had 2 killed and 40 wounded. The Romulus had 70 killed and wounded, and the Adrienne frigate 11 men wounded. February 14. 1797. Battle off Cape St. Vincent. — At 6h. 30m. a. m., Adm. Sir John Jervis, having under his command 15 ships of the line, 7 frigates, 2 sloops, and a cutter, was about 8 leagues to the westward of Cape St. Vincent, standing in two divisions, close hauled on the starboard tack, with the wind W. by S. when the Spa- nish fleet under Adm. Cordova hove in sight. At llh. it was found to consist of 26 sail of the line, 12 frigates, and a brig, formed in two divisions, the main J R(Q) DB9 EY. OB, 17.92, <*««£ J* April 13. NAVY. 461 French, observing the isolated position of the British van ships, bore up at 9h. 30m. A.M., to cut them off. The British then hove to, thus enabling their centre and rear to close; and in this manner the eight van ships sustained the attack of 15 ships of the enemy, from lOh. until llh. A. m., when the sea-breeze having reached the British centre, the French admiral tacked and stood in- shore to rejoin his rear. The pursuit of the enemy continued during the 10th and 11th. On the 12th, the British being on the starboard tack, the two fleets gradually neared each other, and at 8h. a.m. the ships composing the van division were engaged with the enemy, whilst the centre and rear were nearly becalmed. Although the French line was broken by the wind drawing to the southward, its effect did not extend to the British; and Sir George Rodney, perceiving the opening in the enemy’s line, kept a close luff, and at a little before llh. a.m. passed through the aperture, followed by the six rear ships of the centre division. The rear, under Sir Samuel Hood, con- tinued its course, and became opposed to the French van, sepa- rated from their centre by the manoeuvre of the British com- mander- in-chief. Between these, a close and spirited action was maintained. It was past noon before the smoke cleared away, by which time the ships of the enemy had bore up, and were seen to leeward, retreating in dis- order. A general chase imme- diately commenced, and the fol- lowing ships were overtaken and captured: — Glorieux, 74, Cesar, 74, Hector, 74, Ardent, 64; and the Ville de Paris, 120, bearing the flag of Comte de Grasse, after contending 15 minutes with Car- nada, 74, and Barfleur, 90, hauled down her colours just as the sun was sinking below the horizon. The total loss m the British amounted to 251 men killed and 809 wounded. 1810. Esperance late British Laurel, 22, laden with a valuable cargo from the Isle of France, captured off the Isle of Rhe, by Unicorn, 32, Capt. A. R. Kerr. April 3.3. 1796. REVOLUTIONAIRE AND Unite. — A squadron under Capt. Sir Edward Pellew, in the In- defatigable, 44, with Argo, 44, Revolutionaire, 38, Amazon, 36, and Concorde, 36, were cruising off Ushant, when a frigate was seen to windward. The Revo- lutionaire, Capt. Francis Cole, mounting 46-guns, being the nearest to the stranger, was di- rected to tack and cut her off from the land. As it grew dark, the French frigate disappeared ; but at 9h. p. m. she was again seen by the Revolutionaire in the act of bearing up. All sail was made in chase, and at llh. 30m., when the frigates were going 10 knots an hour, the Revolutionaire, being within hail, opened her fire, and after the second broadside, the crew of the 36-gun frigate Unite, mounting 38 guns, Capt. C. A. L. I). Linois, called out that they had surrendered. Out of 255 men, she had 9 killed and 11 wounded. On the other hand, the Revolutionaire of 287, had not a man hurt. 1800. The 16-gun brig, Ca- lypso, being off Cape Tiburon, despatched a cutter under charge of Mr. William Buckley, the mas- ter, to attack the French priva- teer, Diligente, of six guns, and thirty-nine men, which was gal- lantly carried, and brought out 462 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 16. with no greater loss than one man wounded. The privateer had 7 men wounded. April 14. 1793. A squadron under Rear- Adm. Gell captured the French privateer Gen. Dumourier, of 22 guns, together with San Iago, Spanish galleon. The latter was from Lima, with a cargo valued at 200,000/. The seizure of the Spanish ship occasioned great sensation at Madrid, and was one of the principal causes of the war that ensued between Spain and Great Britain. 1809. Capture of D’Haut- poult. — A French squadron, con- sisting of the 7 4 -gun ships Conra- gejix, Polonais, and D’Hautpoult, having quitted the rocky islands known as the Saintes, were disco- vered at lOli, p. m. by the 7 4 -gun ship Pompee, Capt. William Fahie, belonging to a squadron of 5 sail of the line under Rear-Adm. Sir Alexander Cochrane. At lOh. 15m. p m., the 18-gun brig Re- cruit, Capt. Charles Napier, gal- lantly brought the rearmost ship to action, and the Pompee joined occasionally in the running fight. At 8h. p. 3i., the French ships se- parated, and the D’Hautpoult altering her course to WNW., was followed by the Pompee. At daylight on the 16th, the D’Haut- poult was about three miles a- head. In course of the forenoon, the 38-gun frigate, Latona, and 32-gun frigate Castor, Capts. H. Pigot and W. Roberts, joined in the chase. The latter very gal- lantly engaged the 74 at about 3h. a. 3i. on the 17th, when the Pompee took part in the contest, which lasted until 5h. 20m. a. m. The French ship, now a complete wreck, lowered her topsails, and, rounding to, hauied down her colours. The Pompee was much disabled, having 9 lulled, her cap- tain and 29 wounded. The Cas- tor had one seaman killed and 6 wounded ; Recruit, one man wounded. Out of a crew of 680, the D’Hautpoult had 80 men killed and wounded. — iHcftaL April 15. 1759. Capture of Valeur. — The Favorite, 14, and 80 men, Captain Timothy Edwards, off Cadiz, after an obstinate engage- ment. which lasted two hours and a half, captured the French 24- gun ship Valeur, having a crew' of 110 men, thirteen of whom w r ere killed and nine wounded. The Valeur was commissioned, and the gallantry of Capt. Edwards re- warded by his being posted into her. 1805. While the 14-gun brig Papillon, Capt. William Woolley, w'as lying at Savannah le Mar, in- telligence was received of a felucca privateer cruising oft' the coast. Having placed Lieut. Peter J. Prieur, with John Christie the purser, and twenty-five men, in a shallop disguised as a dogger, sent her in quest of the privateer, which at 8 p.m. was discovered under the land. In a short time the felucca got alongside the shal- lop, and having made herself fast, the crew jumped up from below'; and, after a discharge of musketry, boarded and carried the privateer, sustaining no greater loss than two men wounded ; whilst the Spaniards had seven men killed, and eight badly wounded. April 16. 1781. Attack of French Squadron repulsed A squa- dron, consisting of Romney, 50, Commodore George Johnstone, Hero, 74, Monmouth, 64, Jupiter April 17. NAVY. 463 and Iris of 50 guns, and 5 frigates, together with a large convoy, lying in Porto Pray a bay, St. Jago, was attacked by a Erench squadron of five sail of the line and several frigates under Com- modore Suffrein. The British ships were in an unprepared state; for Commodore Johnstone, con- sidering the neutrality of the port a security, had taken no measures to resist an attack. At 9h. 30m. the Erench squadron appeared in the offing; and at lOh. 45m., hav- ing rounded the east point of land with a fine breeze, formed in line of battle, stood towards the British squadron. Commodore Suffrein in the Heros, 74, dropped anchor abreast of the Monmouth, intend- ing to bring up with a spring on the cable, and engage that ship; but having too much way, the cable parted, and she drove alongside the Hero. Suffrein was followed by other ships, and in a short time the firing became general. So well was the contest main- tained by the outermost British ships, that their opponents were beaten off with considerable loss. All except the Annibal, 74, suc- ceeded in getting out of the bay without difficulty; but that ship being totally dismasted, escaped with a small sail on the stump of her foremast, and was taken in tow by a frigate. After some deliberation, Commodore John- stone determined upon going in pursuit of the enemy; but being accompanied by part of the con- voy, he did not gain much in the chase, and at sunset returned to Porto Praya. The East India ships suffered more by the enemy’s fire than the ships of war; and the total British loss amounted to 36 killed and 147 wounded. The French captured one of the East Indiamen, but she was retaken by the squadron on the following day. 1810. Sta. Maura — On the 16th April, the fortress and island of Santa Maura, with a garrison of 715 men, surrendered to a British squadron, consisting of Magnificent, 74, Captain George Eyre, Montague, 74, Belle Poule and Leonidas frigates, and Imo- gene, 16 -gun brig, co-operating with a body of troops under Brigadier-Gen. Oswald. The army lost 16 killed and 86 wounded. The navy, 8 killed; Capt. Eyre and 40 wounded. Total, 24 killed, 127 wounded. April 17. 1780. Rodney and De Gui- chen. — The Erench fleet under Comte de Guichen, consisting of two 80-gun ships, 11 of 74 guns, and 10 of 64 guns, was fallen in with on the 1 6th, off Martinique, by the British fleet of 20 sail of the line and 5 frigates, under Adm. Sir G. B. Rodney, composed of two of 90 guns, 11 of 74 guns, one of 70 guns, 5 of 64 guns, and one of 60 guns. The signal was made for a general chase. At daybreak on the 17 th, the British fleet, in line ahead on the starboard tack, the wind southerly, was to windward of the enemy, who formed on the same tack. The signal was then made to bear up in line abreast, and engage the enemy. The Erench admiral defeated this manoeuvre by wearing round on the larboard tack. The British thereupon hauled to the wind on the starboard tack, and stood on until nearly parallel with the hos- tile fleet. At llh. a.m. signal to bear up in line abreast and close with the enemy ; but several ships of the van, instead of following the example of their leader, kept their luff, in order to bring to ac- tion the van ships of the Erench line. Sir George Rodney, in the 464 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 19, Sandwich, when engaged with the ship astern of the Comte de Gui- chen, was nobly supported by Rear-Adm. Rowley, with the rear division ; and had it not been for the error pursued by the van ships, the judicious mode of at- tack would probably have se- cured a victory. The total loss sustained by the British amount- ed to 120 killed, and 362 wound- ed ; that of the French, 158 killed, and 820 wounded. 1798. The Recovery schooner, of ten long 3 -pounders and 46 men, Lieut. William Ross, in the West Indies, captured the French privateer-schooner Revanche, of ten long 4-pounders and 54 men, having three men killed and nine wounded. The Recovery had not a man hurt. 1806. Capture of Bergere. — The 36-gun frigate, Sirius, Captain William Prowse, near Naples, at 4h. 15m. p. m. disco- vered the French corvette Ber- gere, 18 guns, Commodore Du- clos ; brigs Abeille, 20 guns and 160 men, Legere and Janus, of 20 guns each, bombard Victoire, of 12 long 18-pounders, and two heavy mortars, a cutter, and three gun -ketches, in all 97 guns. Soon after sunset, the Sirius closed with the flotilla, which was hove to at the mouth of the Tiber, and when within pistol-shot, open- ed her fire, and continuing closely engaged for two hours, when the Bergere surrendered. Several of the other vessels were silenced ; but the Sirius was so much cut up in her sails and rigging, as to be unable to pursue them. Her loss amounted to 9 killed and 20 wounded. — cttal. 1813. Invincible, French priva- teer, 16 guns and 86 men, cap- tured in the Bay, by Mutinc, 16, Capt. N. De Courcy, after a long running fight and close action of fifty minutes. The Mutine is represented to have had two men wounded. April 13. 1740. Capture of Princeza. — The Spanish 74-gun ship Princeza, mounting 64 guns, Capt. Don Pablo de Gera, was captured off Cape Finisterre, after a determined resistance, by the Lenox, 7 0, Capt. Colville Mayne, and Orford, 70, Capt. Thomas Durell. Out of a crew of 650, the Princeza lost 35 killed and 100 wounded. The united British loss amounted to 17 killed and 40 wounded ; among the latter was Capt. Durell, who lost one of his hands. The Princeza, being a fine new ship, was added to the British navy under the same name. 1814. At the surrender of Genoa, the British gained posses- sion of the French 74-gun ship Brilliant, ready for launching, and another ship of the same class in frame. April 19. 1581. Attack of Cadiz. — A fleet, consisting of forty ships, under command of Sir Francis Drake, was sent by Queen Eliza- beth to counteract the naval pre- parations of Philip H. of Spain. On the admiral’s arrival off Cadiz on the 19 th April, he compelled six galleys to take shelter under their forts, and burnt one hundred large ships laden with ammuni- tion. After performing this ser- vice, Drake sailed for the Azores, where he took a valuable Por- tuguese East Indiaman. The journal, charts, &c., found on board this ship, suggested the first idea of establishing the East India Company. 1782. Rear-Adm. Sir Samuel Hood, in the Barfleur, having April 20. NAVY, 4G5 been detached by Sir George Rodney, with Valiant and Mag- nificent, 74s, to look after the disabled ships that had escaped from the battle of 12th April, discovered in the Mona passage, on the 19 th, five sail, which were immediately chased. As the ene- my approached the passage, the wind died away, and they lay some time becalmed, whilst the British kept the breeze, which enabled the Valiant at 3 p.m. to close with the Caton, 64, who surrendered without further resistance. Capt. Goodall, leaving the Caton to be picked up by the ships astern, proceeded on, and attacked the Jason, 64, who, after a stout re- sistance of twenty minutes, also hauled down her colours. The Aimable, 32, and Ceres, 16, were also captured. The only remain- ing ship, the Astree frigate, ef- fected her escape. 1807. The Richmond gun-brig, Lieut. S. H. Heming, working along shore near Cape Mondego, coast of Portugal, discovered a lugger with Spanish colours fly- ing, in a bay six leagues to the northward of Peniche. In the evening she was attacked by the boats under Sub-Lieut. George Bush, who boarded and carried her in the face of a heavy fire, which wounded three men. The lugger, which mounted four 4- pounders, with a crew of thirty- six men, was brought out. — f&cfcal. April 20. 1657. Galleons destroyed at Santa Cruz. — A British squadron, under Adm. Blake, made an attack upon six galleons, richly laden, lying moored off the town of Santa Cruz, in the island of Teneriffe, protected by the forts which flanked the anchorage. The galleons were boarded and set on fire, except two which were sunk. This service was speedily accomplished; and the wind having fortunately shifted from the northward to south-west, the fleet got out of range of the batteries, with the loss of 48 men killed and 120 wounded. 1781. The 28-gun frigate Re- source, Capt. Bartholomew Sami. Rowley, cruising off Cape Blaise, W. L, captured the late British 24-gun ship Unicorn, after a de- fence of one hour and 30 minutes, with the loss of eight men killed and 30 wounded. The Resource, from having a body of troops on board, suffered a heavy loss, having 15 men killed and 30 wounded. 1796. Unite, 28, captured in Mediterranean by Inconstant, 36, Capt. Maitland. 1797. The 32-gun frigate Her- mione, Capt. Hugh Pigot, having under his orders Quebec and Mermaid frigates, brig Drake, and Penelope cutter, proceeded to the attack of privateers, in the harbour of Jean Rabel. On the 20th April, the boats of the ships were despatched; and by 4h. a. m. on the 21st, nine vessels (one ship, three brigs, three schooners and two sloops) were seen standing out with the land-breeze towards the squadron. So well had the service been performed that not a man in the boats was hurt. April 21. 1782. POUDROYANT AND Pfi- gase. — The 84-gun ship Poud- royant, Capt. John Jervis, having chased from the fleet of Vice- Adm. Barrington, off Ushant, the enemy soon separated, and at about 30 minutes after midnight the Poudroyant brought to close action the Prencli 74-gun ship h n 466 CALENDAR OF YICTORY. April 22. Pegase, Capt. the Chevalier de ' Sillaus. The contest continued until Ih. 15m. a.m. on the 21st, when the Foudroyant having run her opponent on board, com- pelled her to surrender, having, out -of a crew of 700 men, 100 killed and wounded ; whilst the British loss was no more than four men wounded. 1796. Indefatigable and Virginie. — The 44-gun frigate Indefatigable, Capt. Sir Edward Pellew, off the Lizard, in com- pany with the 36-gun frigates Amazon and Concorde, discover- ed the French 40-gun frigate Virginie, Capt. Jacques Bergeret, which, after a chase of 15 hours and a run of 138 miles, was brought to action at a little past midnight. The ships continued to engage under a press of sail during 1 hour and 45 minutes, by which time the French frigate had lost her mizen-mast and main- topmast ; nor was the Indefati- gable much less disabled, having lost her gaff and mizen-topmast. The Concorde and Amazon ar- riving up, the Virginie sur- rendered, having, out of a crew of 339, 14 men killed and 27 wounded ; while no loss was sus- tained by the Indefatigable. — iHcbal. ^ 1798. Mars and Hercule. — The 74- gun ship Mars, Captain Alexander Hood, having chased from the inshore squadron off Brest, discovered the French 74- gun ship Hercule, Capt. Louis l’Heritier, which, at 8h. 30m. p.m., unable to work up against the strong current, anchored and furled sails, the Bee du Raz bear- ing from her N.b.E. distant two or three miles. At 8h. 45m. the Mars hauled up her courses, and about 9h. 15m. became ex- posed to the starboard broadside of the Hercule, on which she ' fired her’s in return, and passing on a short distance ahead, let go her anchor. As the Mars dropped astern, the anchor on her lar- board bow caught the starboard anchor of the Hercule ; and, thus close alongside, the two ships continued to engage until lOh. 30m. p. m., during which time the Hercule had made two unsuc- cessful attempts to board. Being very much shattered, and having sustained a loss of above 250 men, killed and wounded, she hailed to say she had surrendered. The Mars had her captain of marines (James White), one midshipman (James Blythe), and 19 men killed, and eight missing; two lieutenants (George Argles and George Arnold Ford), one mid- shipman (Thomas Southey), and 30 men wounded. — iHcUal. April 22. 1813. The 18 -gun brig Weasel, Capt. John Black, chased a con- voy under the protection of ten heavy gun-boats, into the bay of Boscalina, in the Adriatic, which at 5h. 30m. a. m. anchored in line, about a mile from the shore, and opened their fire. At 6h. A.ir. the Weasel anchored within pistol- shot of them, and a sharp action commenced, which continued un- til 6h. 20m., when the gun-boats cut their cables, ran closer in, and then renewed their fire. The Weasel stood in after them, and recommenced the action; but was now exposed to cannon and mus- ketry on the heights. The en- gagement continued until lOh. a. 3L, when three of the gun-boats struck their colours ; two were driven on shore, and one was sunk. The remaining four were reinforced by four from the east- ward, who anchored outside the brig ; but they shortly afterwards April 23 NAVY. 467 ran in and joined the others, when the whole placed themselves behind a point of land, whence they kept up a destructive tire, with little intermission, until 6h. 30m. p„m. The Weasel was much cut up, her masts shot through in several places, and had received five shots between wind and water. After dark, Capt. Black sent his boats and destroyed the gun-boats that had struck, likewise eight of of the convoy. On the 23rd, the Weasel, having warped herself about a mile from the land, was again attacked by the gun-boats ; she nevertheless continued warp- ing during the whole day and night. On the 24th, a battery was opened on a point of the bay close to which the brig was obliged to pass, and at lh. p. m. the gun-boats, pulling out in line, re- commenced their fire; but at 5h. p. m., having got within range of the Weasel's carronades, they were soon induced to sheer off, and they effected their escape. The Weasel had 5 men killed and 23 wounded. — JiFUXfaE 1854. Bombardment of Odes- sa. — The batteries of Odessa having, on the 14th April, fired upon the Furious steam frigate, likewise, a boat of that ship, both bearing a flag of truce; and as no reparation for this uncivilised act of aggression could be obtained from the Russian Governor- Gen. D’Osten Sacken, Vice-Admirals Dundas and Hammelin deter- mined to attack the fortirt ca- tions. In addition to the fortress of Odessa, great exertions were making in strengthening the moles and erecting formidable sea de- fences; and between 20,000 and 30,000 men had been collected for the protection of this military depot, as well as for the security of vessels taking shelter under the guns of the place. No answer having been received up to 7 a.m. on the morning of the 22nd, the combined steam divi- sion under Capt. Drummond, consisting of English. Guns. Sampson 6 Capt. Jones. Tiger - 16 „ Gifford. Retribution 28 „ Drummond. Terrible - 21 „ M‘Cleverty. Furious - 16 „ Boring. French. Guns. Yauban - 20 Descartes - 20 Mogador - 8 Caton - 4 accompanied by six rocket-boats under Commander Dickson, took up positions at the distance of about 1200 yards, from the shore. Being fired upon from fort Impe- rial, at lOh. 30m. the squadron opened a vigorous cannonade, which continued until 3 p. m., by which time the fort, the batteries on the mole, together with the ships in the harbour, were de- stroyed. This service was accom- plished with the trifling loss, on the part of the English, of one man killed and ten wounded ; and of the French, two men killed and two wounded. April 23. 1782. French 64-gun ship en flute, Actionnaire, having on board 250 seamen and 550 soldiers, on passage to the East Indies, cap- tured by Queen, 98, Capt. Mait- land. 1794. Capture of a French Squadron. — Commodore Sir J. B. Warren, in the Flora, 38, with Arethusa, 38, Melampus,36, Con- corde, 36, and Nymphe, 36, being seven leagues SW. of Guernsey, brought to action the French 40-gun frigates Pomone, En- ii h 2 46S CALENDAR OF VICTORY, April 25. gageante, and Resolue, and 20- gun corvette Babet, at 6b. 30m. a. m. The ships became warmly engaged until 7h. 30m., when the Engageante and Resolue set all the sail they could crowd, leaving the Pomone and Babet to their fate. At 8h. 30m. A. m., the latter having lost her fore -topmast, sur- rendered. The Pomone, after sustaining the united fire of the Arethusa and Melampus, in a short time lost her main and mizen masts, and being reduced to a defenceless state, at 9h. 30m. hauled down her colours. The Concorde and Melampus pursued the fugitive ships, and brought the Engageante to action at a little past noon, when the Resolue gallantly bore down to support her consort; and, taking so good a position on the bow of the Concorde as to disable her in sails and rigging obliged her to drop astern. She was, how- ever, soon enabled again to close the Engageante, and compel her, after a gallant defence, to haul down her colours. The Resolue escaped into Morlaix. The Flora had one man killed and three wounded; Arethusa, three killed and five wounded; Melampus, five killed, 5 wounded; Pomone, nearly 100 killed and wounded; and the Engageante and Babet suffered in proportion. The Po- mone, a 24-pounder frigate, of 1239 tons, was added to the Bri- tish navy under the same name. 1808.* The 18-gun brig Grass- hopper, Capt. Thomas Searle, and 14-gun brig Rapid, Lieut. H. Baugh, on the coast of Por- tugal, after a sharp action, drove on shore two gun-boats, and cap- tured two others, together with two vessels under their convoy, valued at 30,000/. each. Grass- hopper, one killed, Capt. Searle and 3 men wounded ; Rapid, 3 wounded. The gun-boats had 40 killed and wounded. — jftttTal. April 24. 1810. f 10-gun cutter Surly, Lieut. R. Welch, and Firm gun- brig, Lieut. John Little, having chased ashore the French pri- vateer Alcide at the entrance of the river Piron, despatched their boats, under Sub -Lieut. Joseph Hodgkin, to bring her out. This sendee was gallantly performed, with the loss to the British of one man killed and one wounded. -iHchal. 1813. At daylight a felucca was observed by the 38-gun frigate Apollo, Captain B, W. Taylor, to run into St. Cataldo, in the Adriatic, and disembark troops. The boats were imme- diately despatched with the de- tachment of marines under Lieut. John Tothill, who attacked the enemy in a strong position, from which they were driven at the point of the bayonet, and 26 men made prisoners. In the mean- time the boats brought out the felucca; and the whole service was performed without incurring any loss. April 25. 1796. A squadron, consisting of the Agamemnon, 64, Commo- dore Nelson, Diadem, 64, Me- leager, 32, and ship-sloop Peterel, Capt. John Temple, discovered four vessels anchored off the town of Finale, at the bottom of Vado bay, moored under some batteries, which opened upon the Peterel as she led the boats to the attack, — the ships keeping up an animated fire, effectually co- i-vering them in their advance, j The vessels were gallantly boarded ! and brought off, notwithstanding April 26. NAVY. 469 the heavy fire opened upon them from the shore, close to which they were lying. Lieut. Noble and two seamen were wounded. 1810. The 38 -gun frigate Spartan, Capt. J. Brenton, in company with the 32-gun frigate Success and 1 8-gun brig Espoir, cruising off Monte Circello, dis- covered several vessels at anchor under the Castle of Terecino. The boats were despatched under Lieut. Augustus Baumgardt, and at about 30 minutes past noon they pulled for the shore, covered by the ships. Capt. Mitford, with great energy and judgment, then ran in with the Espoir, and having sounded under the bat- teries, the frigates and the brig shortly afterwards came to an anchor, and opened their fire upon the forts. In the mean- while Lieut, Baumgardt, with the boats, pulled into the road, and in the face of a heavy fire, gal- lantly boarded a ship mounting six guns. He also took possession of three barques, and the four prizes were brought off with no greater loss than one man killed and two wounded. April 26. 1797. Capture op Santa Elena and Ninfa. — At 6h. a.m., the 74-gun ship Irresistible, Capt. George Martin, and 36-gun fri- gate Emerald, Capt. V. C. Berke- ley, cruising off Cadiz, fell in with the Spanish 34-gun frigates Santa Elena and Ninfa, bound to that port from the Havannah. Finding themselves pursued, the frigates ran for and anchored in Conil bay, near Cape Trafalgar, where they were followed by the British ships, at 2h. 30m. p.m., and a smart action ensued, which terminated in the capture of the two frigates, at 4 p.m. The Santa Elena, after she had struck, cut her cable and drifted on shore; but was subsequently got off, in such a damaged state that she could not be kept afloat. The loss sustained by the two frigates amounted to 18 men killed and 30 wounded. The Irresistible had one man killed and one wounded. 1809. Defeat of French Flotilla. — In the morning, the 12-gun brig Thrasher, 18-pound- ers, with a crew of 60 men, Lieut. Jo£ Dornford, approaching the coast near Boulogne, observed forty sail of gun- vessels coming out of harbour, including six brigs and two schooners. Not daunted by this formidable force, Lient. Dornford gallantly brought them to action ; and after engaging them from 7h. a.m. until 2h. p.m., the Thrasher withdrew from un- der the batteries, but not until she had sank three and driven six on shore. 1810. Sylvia and Echo. — The 10-gun cutter Sylvia, Lieut. Augustus V. Drury, cruising off Middleburgh, on the coast of Java, observed three armed brigs, accompanied by two lug-sail ves- sels, standing in for Batavia. The Sylvia chased and brought the sternmost brig to action, which, after a contest of twenty minutes, was captured. The prize was the Dutch national brig Echo, of eight 6-pounders and forty-six men. The Sylvia, out of her small crew of forty-four men, had four killed and three wounded ; the Dutch brig, three killed and seven wounded. The other brigs, fortunately for the Sylvia, did not offer to support their consort, but made sail away, leaving two lugger-rigged trans- ports, each mounting two long 9-pounders, and defended by 60 men, laden with artillery stores, H H 3 470 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. April 29 to become prizes to tbe Sylvia. — tfrUtfaL April 27. 1796. Capture of Ecureuil. — The 32-gun frigate Niger, Capt. Edward J. Foote, having chased an armed lugger, which anchored for shelter among the Penmarcks rocks, at 9h. p. m. despatched the barge and cutters to attempt her capture. The tide having ebbed considerably, it was with much difficulty that the boats got alongside the lugger, which was captured after an ob- stinate resistance. She proved to be the Ecureuil, of 18 4- pounders and 105 men, w T ho, with the exception of 28 made prisoners, escaped to the shore. The loss on the part of the Bri- tish was comparatively trifling, — Lieut. Long, Mr. Patton, and five men wounded. The prize was set on fire and destroyed. April 28. 1782. As the 14-gun brig Pe- lican, Capt. Edward Pellew, stood towards the isle of Bas, two pri- vateers — a brig and a schooner, each of equal force to the British sloop, sprang their broadsides to- wards the entrance. Neverthe- less the Pelican entered the roads, and drove both the privateers, as well as ‘a third, on shore, under shelter of some heavy batteries, by whose fire two of the crew of the Pelican were wounded. 1813. Attack of French- town. — The boats of the Marl- borough, Dragon, Maidstone, Sta- tira, Dolphin, Fantome, Mohawk, and Racer, under Commander- John Laurence, and personally directed by Rear-Admiral George Cockburn, effected a landing at Frenchtown in the Chesapeake. The expedition was accompanied by Fantome, Mohawk, and three tenders, conveying one hundred and fifty marines; and the place, though defended by a six-gun battery and a large body of mili- tia, fell an easy prey to the Bri- tish.— April 29. 1781. Action off Marti- nique. — An action took place off Fort Royal bay, Martinique, between the fleet of eighteen sail of the line, under Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, and the French of twenty-four ships of the line and two of 50 guns, under the Comte de Grasse. Although the enemy was in every respect greatly superior, and also pos- sessed the advantage of the wind, yet the French admiral declined bringing on a decisive engage- ment. In the partial and distant cannonading which took place, the principal loss was sustained by the Centaur, Russel, Shrews- bury, and Gibraltar, and other ships of the rear division. The total loss sustained by the British fleet was 36 killed and 161 wounded ; that of the French, 119 killed and 150 wounded. 1812. The boats of the Levia- than, 74, and Undaunted frigate, under the orders of Lieut. Alex- ander Dobbs, were detached to attack a privateer and several merchant vessels in the port of Agaye. The privateer was boarded and carried without loss. She proved to be a brig of 14 guns and 80 men; but she was lying aground, and. could not be got afloat, notwithstanding every ex- ertion to warp her off, during which operation two men were killed and four wounded by the fire of the enemy from the shore. April 30. NAVY. 471 1812. Boats of Undaunted, Volontaire, and Blossom, under the orders of Lieut. Edgar, of the Undaunted, and covered by the fire of the Blossom, attacked a French convoy of 26 vessels, at anchor near the mouth of the Bhone. Seven were brought out, and 12 burnt, including a national schooner of four guns and 74 men ; and two were strand- ed on the beach. No loss was sustained by the British. April 30. 1810. The 36-gun frigate Ne- reide, Capt. Nesbit J. Willoughby, cruising off the Isle of Erance, observing a large merchant ship at the anchorage of Jacotel, lying within pistol-shot of two batteries commanding the en- trance of the harbour, determined to cut her out. With this object, the boats, commanded by the cap- tain in person, manned with fifty seamen and the same number of marines, quitted the ship at mid- night. Having with difficulty en- tered the intricate passage to the anchorage, and reached the only accessible landing-place (although the surf was half filling the boats), the alarm was given by the French national 4-gun schooner Esta- fette, lying at anchor close under the batteries. These, with two field-pieces, immediately directed their fire towards the spot, and the party on landing became also exposed to a smart fire of mus- ketry. Nevertheless, in less than ten minutes, the nearest battery, mounting two long' 12- pounders, was carried; and having spiked the guns, the party pushed on for a guardhouse in the rear, which, although protected by two field-pieces, was soon carried. Soon after daylight, the victorious party proceeded to attack the strongest battery, by crossing the river Galet. The pass was de- fended by a strong body of in- fantry, with two \2 -pounders ; and the river was so rapid and deep, that the tallest of the party could scarcely wade across. But every difficulty was overcome, and the gallant fellows giving three cheers, charged up the hill ; and the guns, as well as the battery, were quickly in their possession. After destroying the batteries, the British re-em- barked, bringing away the French schooner and two field-pieces. 1815. Capture of Melpo- mene. — On 30th April the 74-gun ship Bivoli, Capt. E. S, Dickson, off the island of Ischia, captured the French 40-gun frigate Mel- pomene, Capt. Joseph Collet, af- ter a gallant defence of 1 5 minutes. The frigate was much cut up, and she had six men killed and 28 wounded. Bivoli, 5 men wounded. may 1 . 1689. Action off Bantry Bay. — A fleet under Adm. Herbert (afterwards Earl of Torrington), consisting of 19 sail of the line, discovered the French fleet under Adm.Benaud, at anchor in Bantry bay. On perceiving the English, the enemy’s fleet, consisting of 28 ships of war, of from 60 to 70 guns, and fire-ships, got under way, and, bearing down in a close line, commenced the action. Adm. Herbert endeavoured to gain the weather-gage by tacking, but, finding that the enemy retained that advantage, he stood off shore, to allow his ships to form into line of battle. The French, al- though greatly superior in force, did not pursue the English, who continued off the port on the fol- lowing day. The loss of the H n 4 472 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. IVXay 2. English on this occasion amount- ed to Capt. Aylmer, of the Port- land, and 94 seamen killed, and 250 wounded. 1811. Destruction of Gi- raffe and Nourrice. — The French store-ships Giraffe and Nourrice, each mounting 24 guns, with a complement of 160 men, m company with a large armed transport, "lay at anchor in the hay of Sagone, isle of Corsica, under the protection of a battery of four guns and a martello tower. The 38 -gun frigate Po- mone, Capt. Robert Barrie, 36- gun frigate Unite, Capt. Henry Chamberlayne, and 18-gun brig Scout, Capt. Renton Sharpe, ar- rived off the coast on the 30th April, with the intention of at- tacking these ships. The French commodore made preparations for resistance by mooring his ships close to the battery, and landed the quarter-deck guns of the Nourrice. Early on the morning of 1st May preparations were made for at- tacking the enemy, as soon as the sea-breeze might spring up. But as it continued calm during the day, at 5h. p. m. the ships were towed by their respective crews, in the face of a heavy raking fire, into a position within range of grape, and about 6h. p. m. they open their broadsides. The can- nonade lasted without intermis- sion until 7h. 30m. p. m., w’hen the Giraffe, and then the Nourrice, were observed to be on fire, and shortly afterwards the flames ex- tended to the transport. The British ships were quickly taken in tow and moved out of danger from the explosions of the enemy’s ships, which took place at 8h. 54m. p. m., and the burning tim- bers falling in, the battery and the tower both were entirely de- molished. The Pomone had two men killed and 19 wounded ; the Unite, two wounded ; and the Scout, 3 wounded May 2. 1781. The Canada, 74, Capt. Sir George Collier, after a chase of seventy leagues and a running fight of 20 minutes, captured the Spanish 34-gun frigate the Santa Leocadia, with a crew of 280 men, 16 of whom were killed and 25 wounded. Commander Don Fran- cisco Wynthusien, who lost his left arm in the action, had his flag on board the San Josef, 112, and died of the w'ounds he received in the battle of 14th February, 1797. 1808. The 36-gun frigate Unite, Capt. Campbell, in the Gulf of Venice, captured the Italian 16 -gun brig Ronco. 1809. Spartan and Mercury at Cesenatico. — The Spartan and Mercuiy frigates, having chased two vessels into the port of Cesenatico, where several other vessels were lying under the pro- tection of two batteries and a castle, the frigates anchored within grape range and soon silenced the battery. The boats, under the orders of Lieut. George W. Willes, then landed, took possession of the battery, and turned the guns upon the town. Twelve vessels were captured, the castle and magazine blown up, the battery destroyed, and the guns spiked. The British then returned to their ships without a casualty. 1813. The Repulse, 74, Capt. II. Mowbray, despatched the boats under Lieut. Isaac Shaw, with 100 marines under Capt. Ennis, along with the marines of Volontaire and Undaunted frigates, to de- stroy some newly erected works near Morgion, which is situated between Marseille and Toulon. May 3, NAVY. 473 Covered by the guns of the Red- wing, 18, Capt. Sir John G. Sin- clair, the marines soon after being landed, drove a body of [French troops to the heights, and kept them in check, while six laden vessels were secured, and the batteries, gun-carriages, and a 13-inch mortar destroyed. In the performance of this service two men were killed ; Lieut. Shaw and 3 men wounded. — May 3. 1747. Anson and De la Jon- qtjiere. — Vice- Admiral Anson with 12 sail of the line, two 50-gun ships, and one of 40, fell in with a French fleet of 38 sail, under Commodore Dela Jonquiere. Nine of the largest ships having form- ed in order of battle to protect the convoy, the whole bore away to the westward, The signal was then made for a general chase. At 4h. p.m., the Centurion, 60, Capt. Peter Denis, gallantly at- tacked the enemy’s rear, and the Namur, 74, Capt. the Hon. E. Boscawen, Defence, 60, Captain Thomas Grenville, and Windsor, Capt. Thomas Hanway, soon ar- riving up, a smart action ensued between them and five of the French ships. The Centurion having had her main-topmast and fore- topsail-yard shot away, dropped astern ; but Capt. Denis, having repaired her damages suf- ficiently, soon resumed the en- gagement. The Devonshire, 66, Capt. Temple West, bearing the flag of Rear-Adm. Peter Warren, and Bristol, 50, Capt. the Hon. W. Montagu, taking part in the en- gagement, the commodore in the Serieuse, 66, was compelled to surrender. Without waiting to take possession of the prize, the Devonshire and Bristol pushed on and engaged the Invincible, 74, which ship had suffered much from the fire of the Namur; but she did not surrender until the arrival up of Adm. Anson in the Prince George, 90. In a short time the whole of the armament surrendered, consisting of Invin- cible, 74, Serieuse, 66, Diamante, 56, Jason, 52, Rubis, 52, and Gloire, 44, together with four armed East Indiamen. The British loss amounted to 520 in killed and wounded. Capt. Gren- ville, of the Defiance, was among the killed, and Capt. Boscawen badly wounded in the shoulder. Vice-Adm. Anson was created a peer of Great Britain, and Rear- Adm. Warren made a Knight of the Bath. 1810. Spartan with Ceres and Consorts — The 38-gun frigate Spartan (mounting 46- guns, and 258 men), Capt. Jahleel Brenton, at 5h. a. m., was midway between Cape Misano and the island of Capri, when a French squadron was observed standing out of Naples on the larboard tack. It consisted of Ceres, mounting 42 guns, Fama, 28 guns, brig Sparviere, 8 guns, cut- ter Achille, 10 guns, and seven gun- boats, each mounting one long 18-pounder. The united crews, with 400 Swiss troops, amounted to 1400 men. At 3h. a. m., the Ceres, when within pis- tol-shot of the Spartan’s larboard bow, opened a fire from her lar- board guns, which was returned by a well-directed treble-shotted broadside. Then passing on, the Spartan became engaged succes- sively with the Fama and Spar- viere ; but the cutter and gun- boats had tacked to the eastward. As the Spartan hove in stays, her larboard broadside was dischargde at the flotilla, and as she came round, fired her starboard guns at 474 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. IVSay 5 the brig and the ships ahead of her, who, instead of supporting the gun-boats, stood away to- wards the batteries of Baia, fol- lowed by the British frigate. But at a few minutes before 9h. a. m., the breeze died suddenly away, and left the Spartan with her hows exposed to the starboard broadside of the Ceres ; having also on her larboard how the corvette and brig, and, sweeping up astern of her, the cutter and gun-boats. The Spartan was thus exposed to a galling cross fire, and Capt. Brenton, whilst stand- ing on the capstan, received a severe wound in the hip, from a grape-shot, which obliged him to quit the deck; and the command devolved on Lieutenant George Wicken Willes. Shortly after- wards, a light breeze springing up, enabled the Spartan to bring her broadside to bear ; but the frigate and Fama stood on to- wards Baia, leaving the brig to her fate. The Spartan then wore, and while with her starboard guns she raked the frigate and corvette, and cut away the latter’s fore -topmast, a single broadside from her larboard guns com- pelled the brig, with the loss of her main- topmast, at 1 Oh. a. m. to haul down her colours. The gun-boats gallantly run down, and, taking the Fama in tow, rescued her from the fate of the Sparviere. The loss of the Spartan amounted to 10 killed, Capt. Brenton and 19 wounded. The loss of the enemy, 30 killed and 100 wounded. — iHcfral. IVlay 4. 1796. Capture of Volcan. — The 16-gun sloop Spencer, Capt. Andrew F. Evans, in lat. 28° N., long. 69° W., captured the French 12-gun brig Volcan, after a spirited action of an hour and a quarter, in which the Spencer had one man killed and one wounded. 1806. Capture of Giganta. — On the 3rd May, in the evening, Capt. Thomas Livingstone, of the Renommee, 36, despatched her boats and those of the Nautilus, 18, under Lieut. William Parker, to attempt the capture of the Spanish schooner Giganta, of two long 24-pounders, three long 4- pounders, and four 2-pounder swivels, and 28 men, lying in the port of Viega. On the 4th, at 1 a.m., the schooner was gallantly boarded and carried, although fully prepared, lying chain-moored within pistol-shot of the batteries, with boarding nettings triced up, and defended by a considerable body of musketry on the beach. Notwithstanding this formidable opposition, the prize was brought out with no greater loss on the part of the British than seven men wounded. 1805. At 2h. p.m. the 38-gun frigate Seahorse, Capt. Courtenay Boyle, off Cape De Gatt, got sight from the masthead, of a Spanish convoy, hauling in for the an- chorage of San Pedro. Lieut. George Downie, in a six-oared cutter, and midshipman Thomas Napper, in a four-oared boat, being sent away in chase, gal- lantly boarded and earned an ordnance brig, laden with 1170 quintals of powder. 1809. Nouvelle Gironde, French 14-gun privateer, captured by 10-gun brig, Parthian, Captain Howard. IMay 5. 1794. Orpheus and Duguay Trouen, — The 32-gun frigate Orpheus, Capt. Henry Newcome, [ off the Isle of France, being far May 6. NAVY. 475 ahead of the Centurion, 50, and Resistance, 44, captured the [French 34- gun ship Duguay Trouin (late Princess Royal In- diaman), after a running fight of upwards of an honr, in which she had 21 men killed and 60 wounded, out of a complement of 403. The loss of the Orpheus, out of a crew of 194, amounted to one killed and nine wounded. 1811. Attack op Parenza. — On 4th May, the 38- gun fri- gates Belle Poule and Alceste, Capts. James Brisbane and Mur- ray Maxwell, having chased a French 18-gun brig into the har- bour of Parenza, on the coast of Istria, the frigates stood in within a cable’s length of the rocks at the entrance of the harbour, and having opened a fire upon the brig and a battery which protect- ed her, after an hour’s cannonade compelled the brig to haul on shore, under the town, out of gun- shot. After the close of day the frigates anchored about five miles from the shore, and at llh. p.m. the boats, containing about 200 men, under the orders of Lieut. John M‘Curdy, proceeded to take possession of an island at the mouth of the harbour, and within musket-shot of the town. By 5h. a.m. on the 5th, by inces- sant labour, a defence was thrown up, and a battery of two howit- zers and two 9 -pounders mount- ed on a commanding position. The French opened a cross fire from four different points, and a mutual cannonade was kept up during five hours. The brig being cut to pieces and sunk, the Bri- tish re-embarked, after sustaining the loss of 4 killed and 4 wounded. —Mt* al. 1804. Reduction op Surinam. — Commodore Sir Samuel Hood, in the Centaur, 74, with the Serapis, 44, Pandour, 44, and Alligator, 28, en flute , Hippome- nes, 18, Drake, 16, and Unique schooner, convoying a fleet of transports, having on board 2000 troops under Major- Gen. Charles Green, after a passage of 22 days from Barbadoes, arrived off the island of Surinam, on 25th April. Immediate measures were taken to effect a landing ; but it was not until the 5th of May, after storming the batteries of Fre- derici and Leyden, and prepa- rations for the assault of fort New Amsterdam, mounting up- wards of 80 pieces of cannon, that this important colony capitu- lated, with no greater loss to the British than eight killed and twenty-one men wounded. The Proserpine, 32, Pylades, 18, and George, 10, fell into our hands. The number of prisoners taken at Surinam, amounted to 2001, and the total number of pieces of cannon was 282. May 6 a 1709. Portland and Coven- try. — The 50-gun ship Portland, Capt. Stephen Hutchins, cruis- ing off Porto Bello, on 4th May brought to action the French 50- gun ships Mignon and Coventry,, who kept up a running fight, that so disabled the British ship that she dropped astern. Having re- paired her damages the Portland continued in pursuit on the fol- lowing day ; but it was not until 7h. a.m. on the 6th that she closed with the Coventry. A sharp action was maintained until llh. a.m., when the latterlost her mainmast; but she obstinately continued to defend herself, until 12h. 30m., when, having lost her captain, and a great part of her crew being killed or wounded, she surrendered. The Portland, out of a crew of 220, had 9 killed and 476 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. IVIay 7, 12 wounded. The Mignon es- caped. 1801. Speedy and Gamo. — The 14-gun brig Speedy, long 4- pounders, Capt. Lord Cochrane, off Barcelona, chased a sail, which proved to be the Spanish xebec Gamo, mounting 22 long 12- pounders on the main- deck, eight long 8-pounders and two 24- pounder carronades on the quar- ter-deck and forecastle, with a crew of 319 men. At 9h. a.m., when close under the lee of her opponent, the Speedy tacked and opened her fire, which was in- stantly returned. After the action had continued 45 minutes, during which the Gamo had made two attempts to board the little brig, and the latter had suffered the loss of three seamen killed and five wounded, Lord Cochrane de- termined to board his powerful adversary. The Speedy then ran the xebec on board, and her crew, headed by her gallant command- er, made a simultaneous rush on the decks of the Spaniard. For about ten minutes the contest was desperate, especially in the waist, but the impetuosity of the assault was irresistible; the Spanish colours were hauled down, and the Gamo became a prize to the Speedy. Out of a crew of only 54 men and boys, the Speedy’s loss in the boarding was only one man killed, her first lieutenant, Richard William Parker (se- verely), her boatswain, and one seaman wounded, making, with her former loss, three killed and eight wounded. The Gamo lost her commander, Don Francisco de Torris, and 14 men killed and 11 wounded. Lord Cochrane’s heroism was rewarded by his pro- motion to post rank, and Lieut. Parker was made a commander. — 1805. The 32-gun frigate Uni- corn, Capt. L. F. Hardyman, being becalmed off the island or San Domingo, discovered a cutter distant seven or eight miles. Four boats were immediately des- patched in pursuit, under the command of Lieut. Henry Smith Wilson. After a pull of seven hours, the boats boarded and car- ried the French cutter-privateer, Tape-a-board, of 4 long 6-pound- ers and 46 men. 1814. Capture op Oswego. — The squadron on lake Ontario, under Sir James Yeo, consisting of Princess Charlotte, Montreal, Niagara, Charwell, Star, and Magnet, conveying 1100 troops, under Lieut.- Gen. Drummond, came to an anchor off Fort Os- wego. A division of 200 armed seamen, under Capt. W. H. Mul- caster, 400 marines, under Major James Malcolm, with 1 40 infantry, the whole commanded by Lieut. - Col. Fischer, pushed off in the boats of the squadron. Covered by the fire of the Star and Char- well, the landing was effected in perfect order, although exposed to the discharge of grape from the fort, and 500 regulars and militia stationed on the brow of the hill; and having speedily formed on the beach, the troops moved stea- dily forward under a galling fire ; but no sooner had they reached the summit of the hill than the 300 American regulars retired to the rear of the fort, and the 200 militia took to their heels, seeking shelter in the woods. In less than ten minutes, after the British gained the height, the fort was in their possession. The British loss amounted to 18 killed and 64 wounded. IVIay 7. 1794. Capture of Atalante. — The French 40-gun frigate Atalante, Capt. C. A. L. D. Li- May 8. NAVY. 477 nois, was captured by the 74- gun ship Swiftsure, Capt. Charles Boyles, after a pursuit which lasted from 5h. p.m. on the 5th May until 3h. 25m. on the 7th, and gallant defence in a running fight of one hour, in which she sus- tained a loss of 10 killed and 32 wounded. The Swiftsure was much cut up in sails and rigging, and had one man killed. 1798. The 14-gun brig Victo- rieuse, Capt. Edward S. Dickson, when passing to leeward of Gua- daloupe, with a convoy, was at- tacked by two Erench privateers, — one a schooner of twelve guns and fifty men, the other a sloop of six guns and fifty men. The latter was compelled to surrender, but the schooner escaped. 1798. Gallant Defence of Marcouf.— -These islands, situated off the river Issigny, on the coast of Normandy, close to each other, and about 200 yards in length and 120 in breadth, were mount- ed with several pieces of cannon, and garrisoned by invalids and a party of marines under Lieuts. Maughan, Ensor, and Lawrence, with a proportion of seamen, and the whole under the command of Lieut. Charles P. Price, of the navy. During the night of 7th April, an expedition, consisting of 33 gun-boats, sailed from Havre to attack these islands, but were driven into Caen by the Diamond, and Hydra frigates. Here they were reinforced by 7 heavy gun- brigs and forty sail of gun-boats ; and, after three weeks’ blockade, reached La Hogue. On 6th of May, the guard-boat of the island at midnight gave the alarm, and in a short time fifty-two sail, mount- ing upwards of 80 pieces of cannon, none of which were less than 18-pounders, having on board above 5000 men, were within reach of shot. At day- break on the 7th, the flotilla was seen drawn up in line opposite the south-west front of the western redoubt, and such a destructive fire opened upon them from seven- teen pieces of cannon, consisting of seven 4-pounders, two 6- pounders, and six 24-pounder long-guns and two 32-pounder carronades, that they were soon compelled to seek their safety in flight. Six or seven boats were sunk, and one flat was afterwards towed in, on board of which papers were found, stating that her crew consisted of 144 persons. The British loss amounted to no more than one man killed and 4 wounded. According to the French account, their loss amount- ed to several hundred in killed and wounded. — JFUtlaL 1808. Redwing and Spanish Convoy. — The 18-gun brig Red- wing, Capt. Thomas Ussher, cruising off Cape Trafalgar, at daylight discovered a Spanish convoy coming down along shore under the protection of seven armed vessels, mounting toge- ther 22 heavy long guns. On arriving within gun-shot, the gun-boats furled their sails and swept boldly towards the brig, as if with the intention of boarding; but the well-directed fire of the Redwing soon put them to flight. In their panic, several got on the rocks, and a great portion of the crews perished in the surf, not- withstanding the noble exertions of the Redwing’s boats’ crews to save them. Four of the convoy were sunk and seven captured. The loss sustained by the Red- wing amounted to one killed, and three wounded. — JHcftaL May 8. 1 655. Reduction of Jamaica. — The fleet under Vice-Admiral 478 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 9. Penn, which arrived in Carlisle bay, Barbadoes, on the 29th of January, proceeded thence to His- paniola, where, the commanders- in-chief disagreeing, added to many other disasters, this expe- dition failed. It was then resolved in a council of war to sail and re- duce Jamaica. The operations here proved more successful, and on the 8th of May that island fell into the hands of the English. 1807. Gallant Exploit at Grand Canaria. — The 2 2 -gun ship Comus, Capt. C. Shipley, despatched the boats, under the command of Lieut. George Ed- ward Watts, to attack a large armed felucca, lying under two batteries in Grand Canaria. Not- withstanding the heavy fire to which the British were exposed, Lieut. Watts, in his boat singly, gallantly boarded the felucca, and had nearly cleared the decks be- fore the other boats arrived up ; she was then quickly carried. A heavy fire was continued from all the batteries until the captured vessel was beyond their reach. This gallant enterprise was per- formed with the comparatively trifling loss of one man killed, Lieut. Watts and four men wounded. 1811. The 1 8 -gun brig Scylla, Capt. Arthur Atcheson, being off the isle of Bas, brought to action, at 1 lh. 30m. a. m., the French 10- gun brig Canonniere. The action continued until llh. 45m., w r hen, finding it to be the intention to run the Canonniere on shore (al- though the Scylla was going at the rate of eight knots), Captain Atcheson laid the enemy on board, and in about three minutes carried her. The Scylla had 2 men killed and 2 wounded. The commander of the Canonniere and 5 men killed, and 1 1 wounded. May 9 . 1795. A British squadron, con- sisting of the 38-gun frigates Melampus, Capt. R. J. Strachan, Diamond, and Hebe, and 32 gun frigates Niger and Syren, were at anchor in Gourville bay, island of J ersey, when, at 3h. a. m., thirteen French vessels were dis- covered running along shore to the southward. The squadron in- stantly 'weighed, and made sail in chase with the wind off the land. The convoy having run close in shore under the protec- tion of two gun-vessels, the boats of the squadron proceeded under cover of the Melampus to attack them. Although exposed to a smart fire as they approached, the boats captured the whole con- voy, laden with ship timber and naval stores, together with the gun-vessels Eclair and Crache- Feu, each armed with three long 18-pounders. In performing this service the Melampus had eight men wounded ; Diamond, two wounded ; Hebe, 3 w'ounded ; Niger, two wounded; and Syren, two killed and two wounded: total, tw*o killed and 1 7 wounded. 1812. On the 9th of May, the 7 4-gun ships America and Levia- than, Capts. Josias Rowley and ; Patrick Campbell, and 18 -gun brig Eclair, Capt. John Bellamy, having chased a French convoy of 18 laden vessels, which took shelter under the batteries of Languilla, it w r as determined to attempt their capture. Accord- ingly, at daybreak on the 10th. the marines, amounting to about 250 in number, w ere landed un- I der the orders of Capts. Henry Rea, of the America, and John Owen, of the Leviathan. Captain Owen was detached with a divi- | sion to carry a battery of five 24- | pounders, which service he per- May 10. NAVY. 479 formed in a very spirited and judicious manner. In the mean- time, the main body of the ma- rines rapidly advanced under a heavy fire of grape, and carried the battery adjoining the town of Languilla, consisting of four heavy guns, and a mortar. This was speedily effected, although op- posed by a strong body of the enemy, posted in the wood and in the contiguous buildings, upon which the guns of the battery were immediately turned. The Eclair having swept in, and opened a fire which drove the enemy from the houses lining the beach, the boats of the squadron, commanded by Lieut. William Richardson, brought off 1 6 laden settees; and, under cover of the Eclair’s guns, the marines re- embarked in the most perfect order. The total loss incurred, amounted to 16 killed and drowned, and 20 wounded. May 10. 1667. Defeat of French and Dutch Squadrons. — Sir John Harman, beingoff St.Christopher’s with 12 frigates, fell in with the combined French and Dutch squa- drons, under M. de la Barre and Commodore Kruysen, amounting to 22 ships, having 1300 soldiers on board. Notwithstanding their inferiority, the English obtained a complete victory, burnt six of the enemy’s ships, and sunk se- veral others. The Dutch com- modore w r as so dissatisfied with the conduct of the French on this occasion, that he quitted them at St. Kitts. Sir John Harman, taking advantage of this circum- stance, entered the harbour and destroyed every remaining ship. 1671. Destruction of Alge- rine Fleet. — In the spring of the year the complaints of the merchants of the depredations committed by the corsairs of Al- giers induced the government to send a squadron to the Mediter- ranean to chastise those barba- rians. Sir Edward Spragge was appointed to the command of this expedition, which consisted of five frigates and three fire- ships ; and being subsequently reinforced by some other ships, his whole force amounted to twelve vessels. Receiving intel- ligence that there were several Algerine men-of-war in Bugid bay, he resolved to attack them. In the meantime the Algerines unrigged their ships, and, for their better security, made a strong boom, buoyed with casks. On the 10th of May, at noon, a favour- able breeze springing up, the ad- miral made the signal for the ships to form in line and bear up for the bay; but the wind failing them, they were not able to effect this until 2 p. m., when the ad- miral anchored close under the castle walls, which kept up an in- cessant fire for two hours. As soon as the ships came to anchor, the boats having broke the boom, the only fire-ship remaining with the squadron was towed among the corsairs, and burnt with such success that the whole of the Al- gerine fleet were destroyed. This exploit, which was accomplished with the loss of only seventeen men killed and forty-one wounded, added greatly to the renown of Sir Edward Spragge. May 11. 1780. Reduction of Charles- town. — Vice -A dm. Arbuthnot, having his flag on board the Roe- buck, 44, on the 1 1th of February proceeded from New York, with a squadron to co-operate with Gen. Sir Henry Clinton in the 480 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. May 12. reduction of Charlestown, South Carolina. The army having opened its batteries against the town, the vice-admiral on the 9th of April got under way with seven frigates, and passed Sulivan’s island amidst a heavy fire, and anchored under James island. The loss sustained by the ships in passing the batteries, amounted to 27 killed and wounded. The enemy had a considerable naval force in the harbour; but on the approach of the British squadron they retired up to Charlestown, where most of the ships were sunk to obstruct the passage. On the 29th, a brigade of 500 seamen and marines were landed, under the command of Capts. Hudson, Orde, and Gambier, and took pos- session of Mount Pleasant. In the night of the 4th of May, a detachment of 200 seamen and marines, under Capts. Hudson, Gambier, and Knowles, were landed on Sulivan’s island, and having passed the fort unobserved, took possession of a redoubt on the east side. The ships of war being drawn up ready to support the attack, and every arrange- ment made to storm, the fort, on being summoned, surrendered ; and on the 11th Charlestown capitulated. The total loss dur- ing the siege did not exceed 23 killed and 28 wounded. 1808. Capture of Griffon. — The 20-gun ship Bacchante, Captain Samuel Hood Ingle- field, cruising off Cuba, brought to action the French 1 6-gun brig Griffon, and, after a running fight of thirty minutes, by which time she was within two hundred yards of the breakers off Cape Antonio, compelled her to haul down her colours. 1809. Boats of Melpomene at Huilbo. — The 38-gun frigate Melpomene, Capt. Peter Parker, having chased a Danish man- of* war cutter, of six guns, on shore at Huilbo, a harbour in Jutland, came to anchor, and despatched her boats, under the orders of Lieuts. John Hanway Plumridge and George Rennie, to attempt her capture. Under cover of the frigate’s guns, in spite of a gall- ing fire from the enemy, the boats effected the destruction of the cutter; but in accomplishing this sendee, Lieut. Rennie, two sea- men, and three marines, -were severely wounded. May 12. 1796. Phcenix and Argo. — - The Phcenix, 36, Capt. Lawrence Halstead, in company with the 50-gun ship Leopard, Pegasus, 28, and Sylph brig, cruising in the North Sea, discovered the Dutch 36-gun frigate Argo and three brigs. Chase was imme- diately given, the brigs pursued by the Pegasus and Sylph, while the Phoenix, followed by the Leopard, who was far astern, di- rected her attention to the Argo. The latter was running with the wind abeam, when the Phcenix, at 8h. a. m., arrived upon her weather quarter, and in a few minutes commenced a close ac- tion, which was maintained with spirit for about 20 minutes, when the Argo, having lost six men killed and 28 wounded, out of a crew of 237, hauled down her colours. The Phcenix had one man killed and three wounded. 1808. Destruction of Ba- leine. — The 32-gun frigate Amphion, Capt. AVm. Hoste, dis- covered in the bay of Rosas, under the protection of some heavy batteries, the French fri- gate-built store-ship Baleine, of 800 tons, mounting 26 guns, 12- pounders, with a crew of 150 May 13 NAVY. 481 men, which at lOh. 10m. a.m. opened her fire, as did also a battery on the left of Rosas, of sixteen long 24-pounders, fort Bouton, mounting several heavy guns, and a low battery of eight 24-pounders on the right hand side of the bay. The Amphion re- turned their fire on different tacks as she worked in; and at llh. the Baleine ran ashore close un- der fort Bouton. At llh. 30m. the Amphion anchored, with springs on her cable, inside the anchorage which the Baleine had quitted, and opened her fire upon the ship and batteries, which was returned by the enemy. At lh. 30m. p.m. the Baleine was in flames, and her crew were ob- served making towards the shore. At 2h. 20m., the Amphion cut her cable, and made sail out of the bay, having gallantly effected the destruction of the Erench ship, with no greater loss than one man killed and five wounded. 1810. The 18 -pounder 36-gun frigate Tribune, Capt. George Reynolds, cruising off the Naze of Norway, was attacked by four Danish brigs, mounting from 18 to 20 guns each, accompanied by several gun-boats. At 4h. p. M., at the distance of half a mile, the frigate discharged her broadside, and a smart engage- ment took place, which lasted until 6h. 25m.; when the brig, bearing the commodore’s pendant, being very much shattered in her hull, ceased firing, and made ail sail for the port of Mandal, followed by her consorts. They were pursued as speedily as pos- sible by the frigate ; but, favoured by the lightness of the wind, the brigs reached their port. The Tribune suffered severely from the fire of her numerous anta- gonists, and had nine men killed and fifteen wounded. May 13. 1757. Destruction of Aqui- lon. — The 50-gun ship Antelope, Capt. Alexander Hood, cruising off the Erench coast, brought to action the Erench 50-gun ship Aquilon. After the exchange of a few broadsides, the enemy sheered off and stood in for the land, followed by her opponent under all sail. Finding it im- possible to escape, the Aquilon ran upon a ridge of rocks in Audierne bay, where she was totally wrecked. The Antelope had three men killed and 13 wounded. The loss of the Aqui- lon amounted to 55 killed and wounded. 1779. Capture of Ships in Cancale Bay.— Sir James Wal- lace, in the Experiment, 50, with Pallas, 36, Unicorn, 20, and two brigs, pursued into Cancale bay three French frigates, a cutter, and several small craft. Eager to place the Experiment close to a battery, and the pilots refusing to venture the ship so near in, Sir James took the risk upon himself, and boldly laid her on shore, abreast of the battery, which he soon silenced, and com- pelled the crews of the Erench frigates to abandon their ships. The boats of the squadron brought out the Danae, 34, after destroying the Valeur, 26, Re- cluse, 24, and Dieppe cutter. 1793. Iris and Citoyenne Eiiancaise. — The 32-gun frigate Iris, Captain George Lumsdaine, in lat. 43° 34' N., long. 13° 12' W., at 6h. p.m. brought to action the 32-gun frigate Citoyenne Eran 9 aise, which continued with- out intermission until 8 r. m. ; when, just as the Iris was about to make sail in pursuit of her opponent, her foremast, main- topmast and mizen-mast went 482 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 14. over the side. The Citoyenne Frangaise then hauled to the wind, and escaped into Bordeaux, having had her captain (Dube- dat) and 15 men killed, and 37 wounded. The Iris lost four men killed and 32 wounded. 1798. Capture or the Mon- doyi. — The 3 6- gun frigate Flora, Capt. Robert G. Middleton, hav- ing chased the French 18-gun brig Mondovi into the port of Cerigo, in the evening despatched the boats under the orders of Lieut. William Russell to attempt the capture of the corvette. Not- withstanding the heavy fire of the forts, as well as from the Mondovi and several other ves- sels, the boats gallantly boarded, and, after a sharp struggle, car- ried the French brig, with no greater loss than one man killed and 8 wounded. The Mondovi had 5 killed or drowned, and 8 wounded. May 14. 1652. Submission to the En- glish Flag. — Captain Young, commanding an English man-of- war cruising in the Channel, fell in with a Dutch squadron at the back of the Isle of Wight, the commander of which refused to strike his flag. This being a mark of respect which ships of the En- glish navy had been accustomed to receive, Capt. Young opened his broadside upon the Dutch commodore’s ship, and compelled her to haul down her colours. 1806. Pallas and Miner ve. — The 32-gun frigate Pallas, Capt. Lord Cochrane, being within two miles of the western battery on the island of Aix, and having shortened sail to the topsails, the French 40-gun frigate Minerve and three brigs were seen coming out of the roads under all sail As they arrived within range, the Pallas opened a well-directed fire ; upon them, receiving in return a fire from the enemy’s squad ion, as well as from the batteries. The Pallas, then hauling on board fore and main tacks, endeavoured to cross the bows of the Minerve, to get to windward of her, which manoeuvre she accomplished at lh. p.m:., and then opened upon her principal opponent a close cannonade. To prevent the fri- gate’s retreat, Lord Cochrane gallantly determined on board- ing, and accordingly ran the Minerve on board. So violent was the collision that it brought down the fore-topmast of the Pallas, earned away the jib-boom spritsail-yard, bumpkin, cat-head, fore and main-topsail yards, chain-plates of the fore-rigging; and the bower anchor was torn from her bows. Before an op- portunity offered of gaining a footing on the deserted decks of the French frigate, the two ships separated. At this moment, two other frigates were seen coming out of the roads to the assistance of the Minerve. Under these circumstances the crippled Pallas bore up, and was shortly taken in tow by the Kingfisher brig. Out of a crew of 214, the Pallas had one man killed and 5 wound- ed ; whilst the Minerve, a ship of 1100 tons, out of a crew of 330, had 7 men killed and 14 wounded. 1812. The 32-gun frigate Thames, Capt. Charles Napier, with 18 -gun brig Pilot, Captain Toup Nicolas, attacked the port of Sapri, defended by a strong battery and a tower, mounting two 32-pounders. After cannonading the fort for two hours, within pistol-shot, the garrison surren- dered at discretion. Twenty- eight vessels were launched and the battery blown up before sunset. may 15, NAVY. 483 may 3.5. 1809. The 32 -gun frigate Tartar, Captain Joseph Baker, chased on shore near Felixburgh, on the coast of Courland, a Danish 4-gun sloop-privateer, the crew of which, 24 in number, landed with their muskets, and, joined by some country people, posted themselves behind the sand-hills near the beach. In spite of this opposition, the boats of the Tartar, under Lieutenant Thomas Sykes, landed, and, hav- ing turned the guns of the pri- vateer upon the sand-hills, the vessel was brought off. 1809. Lieut. Robert I. Gordon, of the 32-gun frigate Mercury, landed with a party of seamen and marines in the harbour of Rotti, on the coast of Istria, and destroyed seven trabaccolos. Lieut. Gordon, who was severely wounded by an explosion of gun- powder, was the only loss sus- tained by the British. 1813. Bacchante at Karlo- bago. — The 38-gun frigate Bac- chante, Captain William Hoste, having arrived off the harbour of Karlobago early in the morning, anchored within pistol-shot of a battery of eight guns at the en- trance of the port. After the firing had continued a consider- able time, the governor held out a flag of truce, and the place was surrendered at discretion. The marines, under Lieut. Charles Holmes, together with a party of seamen under Lieut. S. T. Hood, landed and took possession. The guns of the place were embarked, the public works destroyed, and the castle blown up. The Bac- chante then retired with the loss of four men wounded. May 16. 1804. Defeat of French Flotilla. — A division of prames and gun-boats, under Rear-Adm. Ver Huel, from Flushing, bound to Ostend, mounting together upwards of 100 guns, long 18-, 24-, and 36-pounders and mortars, carrying about 5000 men, was attacked by a squadron of fri- gates and sloops under Captain !Sir Sidney Smith. The 18-gun brig Cruiser, Capt. John Han- cock, and 16-gun sloop Rattler, Capt. Francis Mason, particularly distinguished themselves, and were chiefly instrumental in driv- ing on shore the flag-prame Ville d’Anvers, together with four schooners. The British loss amounted to 10 killed and 21 wounded. may 17. 1667. Capt. Henry Dawes, in command of the Elizabeth frigate, engaged two Danish men-of-war, each mounting forty guns. Capt. Dawes was killed by a cannon- ball; and the lieutenant being des- perately wounded, the command devolved upon the master, who also* soon shared the fate of the captain. The gunner succeeding, to the command, gallantly con- tinued the action, and with the remaining crew carried the ship safely into port. 1756. Action off Oleron Early in the morning the 50-gun ship Colchester, and Lyme, 26, Capts. Lucius O’Brien and Ed- ward Vernon, detached from the fleet of Adm. Boscawen, were off the Isle of Oleron, when they chased the French ships Aquilon, 50, and 32-gun frigate Fidele. The pursuit lasted all dav, and 1 1 2 484 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 18. at 5h. p. m., the Colchester closed with the Aquilon, whilst the Lyme engaged the frigate. After an action of six hours’ duration, the French ships, taking advantage of the disabled state of their an- tagonists, made sail and escaped. 1795. Capture of Raison and Prevoyante. — The 36-gun fri- gate Thetis, Captain Alexander Francis Cochrane, and 28-gun frigate Hussar, Capt. John Poer Beresford, when about 20 leagues to the northward of Cape Henry, chased and brought to action the French store-ships Normand, Trajan, Prevoyante, Hernoux, and Raison, which were thus formed in line, awaiting the at- tack of the British, The Hussar, by signal, attacked the two lead- ing ships, whilst the Thetis en- gaged the Prevoyante, which was the largest of the squadron, mounting 24 long 8 -pounders. By llh. A. m., the fire of the Hussar had compelled the commodore and his second ahead to quit the line and make sail to the south-east. The attention of both frigates being now directed to the three rear-ships, two of them, the Raison and Prevoyante, were soon compelled to haul down their colours. The Thetis suffered a loss of eight men killed and nine wounded ; and the Hussar three men wounded. — iHelJal. May 18. 1620. Van Tromp defeated. — In the early part of May, the Dutch had assembled a fleet of 150 ships, under Martin Ilarpetz Tromp, commonly called Van Tromp. A small squadron un- der Capt. N. Bourne was lying in the Downs, when Tromp, with a fleet of forty ships, put in there, as he pretended, by stress of weather. Bourne remarked, that the truth of his reason would best appear by the shortness of his stay, and requested him to leave the anchorage; at the same time sending notice to Gen. Robert Blake, who was riding in Dover roads with fifteen ships. On the next day, the Dutch fleet beat down to Dover, and was entering the roads, when Blake opened fire upon their leading ship, in con- sequence of her not paying the accustomed homage of striking the flag. The Dutch fleet re- turned the fire by as many ships as could bring their guns to bear. The English squadron then got under way, and Blake, desirous of settling the dispute by single combat with Tromp, took the lead ; but his chivalry only drew upon him the united fire of the ships around him. Being joined by Bourne’s division, the Dutch made sail away, leaving two ships in possession of the English. 1709. The Falmouth, 50, Capt. Walter Ryddel, when off Scilly, in charge of a convoy, fell in with four French men- of- war. The commodore, in a ship of 64 guns, attacked the Falmouth, and made an attempt to board her; but the latter defeated the manoeuvre, by laying the enemy athwart hawse, and the two ships, with their bow- sprits locked, continued to engage for upwards of an hour and a half. The French ship then hauled off and made sail away, and Capt. Ryddel rejoined his convoy. The loss of the Fal- mouth amounted to 13 killed, Captain Ryddel and 55 men wounded. 1757. The 28-gun frigate Uni- corn, Capt. John Rawlins, off the coast of Ireland, brought to action the French - privateer Invincible, of 24 guns and 286 men. In the early part of the engagement LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS May 19. NAVY. 485 Captain Rawlins was mortally- wounded, and the command de- volved upon Lieut. Michael Cle- ments, who continued the contest with great skill, and compelled the privateer to surrender. The Unicorn, besides her captain, had her boatswain and two men killed, and five men wounded. After seeing his prize into Kin sale, Lieut. Clements went in pursuit of a privateer of 18 guns and 143 men, which he had the good for- tune to fall in with and capture. 1809. Capture of Anholt. — The 64-gun ship Standard, Capt. A.P. Holies, 38-gun frigate Owen Glendower, Capt. William Selby, and three sloops of war, had been detached from the fleet of Sir James Saumarez, in the early part of May, to effect the reduc- tion of the island of Anholt, in the Cattegat. On the 18th, a detachment of marines under Capt. Edward Nicolls, supported by a party of seamen under Capt. Selby, effected a landing; and after a gallant resistance, in which one marine was killed and two wounded, the Danish garrison, consisting of 1 70 men, surrendered at discretion. May 19. 1692. Battle of La Hogue. — The combined fleet sailed from Spithead on the 18 th of May. Adm. Russel had his flag (union of the main) on board the Bri- tannia, having for his vice and rear-admirals Sir Ralph Delaval and Sir Cloudesley Shovel. The blue squadron was commanded by Adm. Sir John Ashby, in the Victory, having for his vice- admiral the Hon. George Rooke, and Richard Carter, Esq., his rear-admiral. The combined fleet was thus composed : — English. 6 ships of 100 guns. i „ 96 „ 90 „ 3 „ 80 „ 1 „ 74 „ 23 70 „ 7 60 „ 1 „ 54 ,, 12 50 „ 63 sail of the line, carrying 4504 guns and 27,725 men. Dutch. 9 first-rates. 19 second do. 9 third rates. 8 fourth do. 36 sail of the line, under Adm. Allemonde, carrying 2494 guns and 12,950 men. Total, 99 ships of the line, 6998 guns, and 40,675 men ; forming probably the most powerful fleet that was ever fitted out. On the morning of the 19th, CapeBarfleur bearing SW. by S., the French fleet, under Adm. de Tourville, was descried to the westward, consisting of 1 ship of 104 guns. 1 3 5 8 7 2 1 5 7 15 3 2 3 100 96 90 84 76 74 70 68 64 60 58 54 50 forming a total of 63 sail of the line, with 7 smaller vessels, 26 armee en flute , and 14 others. At about 8h. a. m. the combined fleet formed a line ahead in the order of sailing, — the Dutch in the van, Adm. Russel in the centre, and Sir John Ashby in the rear. The wind continued very light from the south-west, and at lOh. 30m. the enemy was observed to bear up together to the attack. Not a 1 1 3 486 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 20. shot was fired until the admiral, in the Soleil Royal, having ar- rived within mnsket-shot, rounded to, and at llh. 30m. opened her broadside upon the Britannia. The light air of wind having died away, the rear division was in- capable of closing ; consequently, the engagement was maintained by the red division for above an hour, by which time the Soleil Royal was so much disabled that she ceased firing, and was towed out of action. About noon, a dense fog came on, and the firing consequently ceased. The fog continued until the evening, and from its being calm, the ships drifted with the tide, and were frequently interspersed with the enemy. Hitherto the rear ships had not taken part in the engage- ment; but at 7h. p.m. they became partially engaged, until 9h. 30m. p.m. In this contest, Rear-Adm. Carter gloriously fell ; his last words were “ to fight his ship as long as she could swim.” The combined fleet stood to the NW. during the night, and on the morning of the 20th proceeded in chase of the enemy, as related in the Calendar of 21st May. 1808. Virginie and Guelder- land. — At 4h. p. m., in lat. 46° N., long. 14° W., the 38-gun fri- gate Virginie, Captain Edward Brace, observed a sail right ahead. At 4li. 30m. the stranger, which was the Dutch 36-gun frigate Guelderland, Capt. Pool, bore up. It was not until 9h. 45m. p.m. that the Virginie arrived within hail, and opened her fire. After an action of one hour and thirty minutes, having her masts and bowsprit shot away, and sustained the loss of 25 men killed and 50 wounded, the Guelderland sur- rendered. The Virginie had only one man killed and two men wounded. — iHctlaL IVXay 20. 1800. Capture of the Prima. — In the night, a division of boats from the squadron of Lord Keith, blockading Genoa, under the di- rection of Capt. Philip Beaver, of the 28 -gun frigate Aurora, pro- ceeded to attempt the capture of the Prima galley, mounting two long brass 36-pounders, moored with chains to the inside of the eastern mole-head, fully prepared, with a crew of 257 men awaiting the attack. Although the alarm was given, the boats dashed alongside, and Mr. John Cald- well, midshipman, in the Haer- lem’s boat, boarded her on the starboard side, whilst Captain Beaver, in the Minotaur’s cutter, with Lieut, of Marines Thomas Peebles, and Lieut. William Gib- son, in the Vestal’s launch, over her stern and quarter, gained a footing on the poop-deck. The other boats quickly rushed along- side, and, after a short struggle, the galley was in possession of the British. She was immediately taken in tow; and as the galley- slaves readily manned the oars, the Prima, in the teeth of a tre- mendous fire of shot and shell, was soon conveyed in safety alongside the Minotaur. The loss of the British was no more than five men wounded; that of the enemy, one man killed and 15 wounded. 1808. Boats of Fawn. — The Fawn, 18, Acting-Commander James Harvey, off Porto Rico, despatched two boats, under the orders of Acting-Lieut. James Robertson, to attempt the cap- ture of a large privateer-schooner and three other vessels, anchored under two batteries. In spite of a heavy -fire, Lieut. Robertson gained possession of the schoon- er, which the crew had run on May NAVY. 487 shore, and succeeded in getting hai under way ; but this had scarcely been effected, when her magazine exploded, and all on board except himself and two seamen were blown into the water. Notwithstanding this un- fortunate occurrence, Lieut. Ro- bertson rejoined the Fawn on the same day, with his four gal- lantly obtained prizes. 1811. Capture of Renom- mee. — On 20th May, Capt. C. M. Schomberg, in the 3 8 -gun frigate Astrea, v/ith 36-gun frigates Phoebe and Galatea, Capts. James Hilly ar and Woodley Losack, and the 18-gun brig Racehorse, Capt. James De Rippe, off Tama- tave, discovered the French 40- gun frigates Renommee, Commo- dore Roquebert, Clorinde, and Nereide. At noon they formed in line, the Commodore placing his ship in the centre and next to the Clorinde, and stood along the land. At 4h. p.m. the Astrea, when nearly a mile ahead of her consorts, and abreast of the Re- nommee, was fired at by that ship, and subsequently the Phoebe and Galatea were also engaged. After passing the Nereide, the Astrea endeavoured, to tack; but, owing to the lightness of the wind, she missed stays and was unable to get round,. The Re- nommee and Clorinde then placed themselves on the stern and quarter of the Phoebe and Gala- tea, whilst the Nereide was dis- tantly engaged with the Astrea. The Galatea was for some time ex- posed to a raking fire ; but, after having had two boats sunk by shot in endeavouring to get her round, she was at length enabled to open her broadside upon the Renommee; both her opponents, however, soon stood away to the assistance of the Nereide. This was at 8h. p.m.; so that the Ga- latea had for three hours been exposed to the fire of the two frigates, and was so disabled as to be incapable of pursuing the enemy, — her fore and mizen top- masts gone, and her other masts badly wounded. The Astrea, Phoebe, and Racehorse, made sail in chase, and at 9h. 50m. p.m. came to close action with the Renommee, which, in a short time, was compelled to surrender. The Astrea and Phoebe conti- nued the pursuit of the Clorinde until 2h. a.m. on the 21st, but that ship and the Nereide ef- fected their escape. Total British loss : — Astrea - 2 killed, 16 wounded Galatea - 14 „ 48 „ Phoebe - 7 „ 27 „ The enemy’s loss in killed and wounded on board the Renom- mee and Nereide amounted to 145 in the former, and 130 in the latter, including Commodore Roquebert among the slain. The Renommee became the Java in the British navy. — May 2S. * ^ 1692. Battle of La Hogue.. After the conflict of the hostile **' fleets, as related in our Calendar of 19th May, the combined En- glish and Dutch fleet stood to the north-west during the night; and on the morning of the 20th 38-sail of French ships were seen about nine miles to the westward. All sail was made in chase, and the pursuit continued until 4h. p.m., when the ebb-tide having ceased, both fleets anchored and furled sails. At lOh. 30m. they again weighed, and plied to the westward under all sail. On the 21st, at 5h. a.m., the English an- chored near the Race of Alderney, in 50 fathoms, Cape La Hogue bearing about south. Twenty- i i 4 488 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 22, three French ships also anchored, but much nearer to the Race, and 15 others about three leagues further to the westward. The flood-tide coming up strong, 20 sail of the ships that had an- chored near Alderney were ob- served to be driving, and were soon to leeward of Cape La Hogue. Three of them (three- deckers) having succeeded in get- ting into Cherbourg, Vice-Adm. Delaval was directed to stand in- shore and destroy them. Finding that these ships were enclosed by rocks, the vice-admiral delayed the attack until the morning of the 22nd, when he again stood in with three fire-ships, which he conducted in person. Two of the three-deckers were destroyed, but the third fire-ship was sunk by the enemy’s shot. The third French ship being on shore, the St. Albans and Ruby opened a fire upon her until the crew had deserted, when she was on fire. The remainder of the ships en- tered the harbour of La Hogue, or succeeded in reaching St. Ma- locs. At 3 p.m., Admiral Russel made the signal for all boats, manned and armed, to proceed into the harbour, and destroy the enemy’s ships. Vice-Adm. the Hon. Geo. Rooke, having been entrusted with the expedition, shifted his flag to the Eagle, 70. It was soon discovered that the water was too shallow for the ap- proach of the smallest ships; the boats, nevertheless, moved on, and, although exposed to a severe fire from the forts and shipping, they succeeded in boarding six of the ships, and with very little loss. These were soon in flames, but the remainder being high up on the shore, and protected by a large body of troops, could not at that time be attempted. Oil the following morning the boats renewed the attack, and burnt the remaining ten ships, together ■with several transports and smaller vessels. The Soleil Royal, and the two others taken possession of off Cherbourg, are included in the following list of 15 sail of the line destroyed by the British: — Soleil Royal, 104, Ambitieux, 96, Admirable, 90, Philippe, 84, Con- querant, 84, Tonnant, 76, Terri- ble, 76, Magnifique, 76, Triom- phant, 76, Fier, 76, Amicable, 68, Serieux, 68, Glorieux, 64, Prince, 60, Sans Pared, 60, Diamant, 60. This important service was per- formed with so small a loss as ten men killed, and the result of the victory completely dissipated the hopes and prospects of King James’s restoration to the throne of England. 1762. The 28-gun frigate Ac- tive, Capt. Herbert Sawyer, and 18 -gun sloop Favourite, Capt. Philemon Pownal, cruising off Cadiz, captured the Spanish re- gister-ship Hermione, with a cargo of specie amounting to 519,705/. Is. 6 J., which was thus divided: — To the admiral and commodore, 64,963/. 3s. 9c?. Ac- tive’s share : — To the captain, 65,053/. 13s. 9c?.; 3 commissioned officers (at 13,004/. 14s. Id. each), 39,014/. 2s. 3d.: 3 warrant officers (at 4336/. 3s. 2d. each), 34,689/. 5s. 4c?. ; 20 pettv officers (at 1S06/. Is. 8c?. each), 36,1 30/. 17s. 8c/.; 158 seamen (at 485/. 5s. 4f d. each), 7 6, 1 32/. 1 3s. : the Favorite sharing proportionately. May 22. 1812 . Destruction of French Squadron by Northumberland. — On the 19th May, the 74-gun ship Northumberland, Capt. the Hon Henry Hotham, and the Growler gun-brig, Lieut. John Weeks, being about 10 milcs"to May 23, NAVY, 489 the southward of the Isle of Groix, with the wind very light from W. by N., the 40-gun frigates Ariadne and Andromaque, with the Mame- louck brig, were discovered under all sail, steering for the port of L’Orient. The Northumberland made sail round the south-east end of Groix, and was enabled to fetch to windward of the harbour of L’Orient before the enemy could reach it. At 2h. 50m. p.m., the wind having freshened from WNW., the Ariadne, Andro- maque, and Mamelouck, thus cut off from their port, formed in close line ahead, bore up under a press of sail, with the intention, under cover of the numerous bat- teries, to pass between the British 74 and the shore. The Northum- berland then stood close in to Pointe de Pierre -Lay e, and took her station until the enemy ar- rived abreast of her. The shoali- ness of the water preventing Capt. Hotham laying the frigates on board, he directed the ship to be steered parallel to them ; and when at the distance of about 400 yards, opened her broadside, receiving in return the fire of the two fri- gates and three batteries on the shore. In order to prevent the French frigates hauling outside the Graul rock, the Northumberland had not only to steer sufficiently near the rock to leave no room for her opponents to pass, but to prevent running upon it herself, and she thus skilfully passed within the distance of her own length of the danger. The enemy being thus compelled to steer in- side the rock, they all three took the ground at about 3h. 54m. p.m., on the ridge extending from the Graul to the shore. The North- umberland, leaving her oppo- nents to the effects of the falling tide, hauled off to repair damages. At 5h. p.m,, the Growler gun- brig, Lieut. John Weeks, joined, and opened an occasional fire upon the grounded vessels. At 5h. 30m., the Northumberland stood in, and anchoring, opened her fire upon the enemy’s ships. In return, she received a heavy fire from three batteries, and a few shot from the Andromaque, until 6h. p.m. , when the frigate caught fire in the foretop, and the flames spread so rapidly that her main and mizen masts went by the board at 6h. 45m. At 8h. p.m., the Andromaque blew up, and a few minutes afterwards the Northumberland anchored be- yond the reach of the batteries. At lOh. p.m., the Ariadne was seen to be on fire, and at about 2h. 35m. she exploded. The loss of the Northumberland amounted to five men killed; one lieutenant, (William Fletcher) and 27 men wounded. A mortified spectator of this gallant achievement, was a French 74-gun ship lying in the port of L’Orient, with sails bent, and topgallant-yards across, but which, from the state of the wind, could do no more than send her boats to assist in removing the crews of the wrecks. — Mzm. May 23. 1512. CONQUET AND BREST burnt. — War was declared with France, and a fleet fitted out, commanded by Sir Edward How- ard, lord high admiral. The expedition having sailed in May, and having conveyed a force to Spain, as far as Passages, Sir Thomas Howard (brother of the lord high admiral) landed at Conquet and Brest, burnt the towns and laid the country waste. 1811. The 32-gun frigate Sir Francis Drake, Captain George Harris, when lying about 12 miles to the north-east of Eembang 490 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 24, island of Java, discovered a flotilla of fourteen Dutch gun- vessels, which being closely pur- sued, five of the number were compelled at 7h. a. m. to anchor under the guns of the frigate. The others furled sails, and pulled to windward to gain the shore; but being chased by the ship’s boats under Lieut. James Bradley, the remaining nine, after making a stout resistance, were captured without the loss of a man on the part of the British. 1841. Attack of Canton. — The warlike operations in China were resumed in the early part of May, and on the 21st the Blenheim, 74, took up a position within six miles of Canton in the Macao passage ; but it was not until the 23rd that the whole force had assembled, and at 2 p.m. on that day the troops were placed on board various craft which had been procured for their conveyance. The principal point of debarkation was to take place to the north-west of the city, while another column was to take possession of the factories, drawing the attention of the enemy to that quarter, and at the same time to co-operate with the naval force, which was to attack the river defences, in order to silence numerous works re- cently erected by the Chinese along the whole southern face of the city. Capt. Belcher having by a judicious reconnoisance es- tablished the practicability of this arrangement, the force moved to the point of attack as follows :* — Right column, to attack the fac- tories, Major Pratt, 26th regi- ment, 17 officers, 344 men. Left brigade: Lieut.-Col. Morris, 49th regiment, 40 officers, 606 men. Artillery under Capt. Knowles, 16 officers, 401 men. Naval bri- gade under Capt Bouchier, 27 officers, 403 men. Right brigade (reserve, under Major-General Burrell) : royal marines under Capt. Ellis, 9 officers, 372 men; 18th Royal Irish, Lieut. -Col. Adams, 25 officers, 494 men. At 5h. a. m. the right column had taken possession of the factories; shortly afterwards the left brigade also landed ; and early on the following morning the remainder of the troops disembarked, as re- lated in the next column. May 24. 1808. Swan and Dutch Cutter. — At noon, the hired armed cutter Swan, mounting ten 12-pounder carronades, with a crew of forty men and boys, Lieut. Mark Robinson Lucas, being off the island of Bornholm, on her way to Sir Samuel Hood with despatches, observed a cutter under the land stretching towards her. The Swan hove to, and hoisted a Dutch Jack for a pilot. At 2h. p. m., the stranger having approached within a short dis- tance, the Swan made sail in chase; and at 4h. p.m., having arrived within shot, the enemy opened her fire, as did the battery of Bornholm, upon the Swan. The stranger, in endeavouring to get a gun to bear over her taffrail, came up in the wind. This enabled the Swan to approach within musket-shot ; and after an action of twenty minutes, her opponent blew up and sunk. The Danish cutter appeared to have been a vessel of about 120 tons and mounting ten guns. The Swan had not a man hurt and received no damage. 1841. Reduction of Canton. — The troops having landed, as related in the preceding column, moved forward until within reach of the four strong forts on the May 25. NAVY. 491 heights of Canton and the northern face of the city walls, where they halted until the arrival of the rocket battery and artillery at 8 a. m. A well-directed fire was then kept up on the two western forts with 5^-inch mortars, two twelve-pounder howitzers, and two seven-pounder guns. The troops now advanced to the attack en echelon of columns from the left; and simultaneous with this move- ment, the brigade of seamen was to carry the two western forts, covered by the artillery. During the advance, a large body of the enemy having assembled on the right, the marines under Captain Ellis were detached to support the brigade of seamen, and to cover the right and rear of the columns of attack. In little more than thirty minutes after the order was given to advance, the two forts were carried with compa- ratively small loss, and the British troops looked down upon Canton within one hundred paces of its walls. In co-operation with this attack, the brigade of seamen carried the two western forts, and the British flag proudly waved on their battlements. May 25. 1795. Thorn and Courrier National. — The 16 -gun ship- sloop Thorn, Capt. Robert Waller Otway, being on the Windward Island station, after a spirited action of 35 minutes, during which the enemy was repulsed in two attempts to board, captured the French 1 8 - gun ship - corvette, Courrier National, whose loss (out of a crew of 119 men and boys) amounted to seven killed and 20 wounded. The Thorn, out of her crew of 80, had only five men wounded. 1801. Mercury at Ancona. — At lOh. 30m. the boats of the 28- gun frigate Mercury, under the orders of Lieut. William Mather, pulled into the port of Ancona, and about midnight boarded the late British bomb -vessel Bulldog, which they carried without even being hailed by the sentinels on the mole, to which the ship was riding with three cables ahead. The boats had taken the prize in tow, when they became exposed to heavy fire of cannon and mus- ketry; she was, nevertheless, be- yond the reach of the batteries, when the wind died away; and a division of gun-boats fast ap- proaching, Lieut. Mather was compelled to abandon his prize. The loss of the British amounted to one man killed and four wounded. The enemy had 20 killed and wounded. 1814. Capture op Aigle. — - On 25th May the boats of the 74- gun ship Elizabeth, Capt. Edward L. Gower, commanded by Lieut. M. Roberts, near Corfu, boarded and carried the French national xebec Aigle, of 6 guns and forty men. — fHeUM. May 26. 1811. Capture of the Ne- reide. — After the action with the British squadron on the 20th May, the, French 40- gun frigate Nereide having effected her es- cape, proceeded to the island of Tamatave, where she was fol- lowed by Astrea and Phoebe fri- gates and Racehorse brig on the 25th. Capt. Schomberg having summoned the island, on the 26th the fort of Tamatave and its de- pendencies surrendered, and the Nereide, and a vessel or two in the port, were taken possession of. 1811. Capture of five Pri- vateers by Boats of Sabine. — The boats of the 1 6-gun brig 492 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 27. Sabine, under Capt. George Price, \ were detached under the orders of Lieut. W. Usherwood to at- tempt the capture of five French privateers, at anchor under the fort of Sabiona, near Cadiz. Al- though these vessels, each mount- ing two 4-pounders, with a crew of 25 men, were moored under a battery, the attack was so ably planned and gallantly executed, that each boat captured one of the number, without sustaining any loss. Two of the privateers were secured by a hawser fast to the lower gudgeon on the stern- post, by which they were hauled on shore, but the other three were brought off. 1811. Boats of Pilot. — In the morning Capt. Toup Nicolas, in the 18-gun brig Pilot, observ- ing four settees on the beach al- most immediately under the town of Strongoli, near the entrance of the gulf of Taranto, despatched the boats under the orders of Lieut. Alexander Campbell to attempt their capture ; the Pilot at the same time anchoring as near to the shore as the shoal- water would permit. In spite of the opposition offered by a large body of troops, the party effected a landing, and after dislodging the enemy from an advantageous position, three of the vessels were brought off, and the fourth de- stroyed. This service was per- formed with the trifling loss on the part of the British of one man wounded. may 27 . 1793. Venus and Semillante. — At about lh. a. m., Cape Finis- terre bearing SE., distant 125 leagues, the 1 2-poundcr 32 - gun fri- gate V enus, Capt. Jonathan Faulk- nor, discovered the French 40-gun frigate Semillante, Capt. Gaillard. ! About 4h. a. m., the latter bore down to reconnoitre, and at 4h 30m. she tacked, and stood to- wards the Venus, who carried sail to obtain the weather-gage. At 8h. a.m., the Venus opened her fire, and a warm cannonade ensued, the two ships gradually nearing each other until lOh. a. m., when they were scarcely half a cable’s length asunder. The action continued until a strange ship was discovered to leeward, which the Semillante re- cognising as her consort the 40- gun frigate Nymphe, she bore away to join her. The Venus, whose cross-jack yard and gaff were shot away, and her rigging much disabled, then hauled to the wind, as well as her crippled state would permit. Her loss amounted to two men killed, her master and 19 wounded. The Semillante had 12 officers and men killed, and 20 wounded. 1796. Capture of Revanche. — Early in the morning, the 14- gun brig-sloop, Suffisante, Capt. Nicholas Tomlinson, when off the Lizard, discovered to windward the French brig Revanche, of 12 long 4-pounders and 85 men. After a chase of eleven hours, the Suffisante brought the enemy’s brig to action just as she was entering the Passage du Four. A close engagement amidst the rocks between the island of Ushant and the main, was main- tained about thirty minutes, at the end of which time the Re- vanche, having sustained the loss of two men killed and seven wounded, hauled down her co- lours. The Suffisante had only one man wounded. 1806. On the 25th May, the 18-gun ship-sloop Renard, Capt. Jeremiah Coghlan, being about ten miles NNE. of the island of Mona, gave chase to the French May 28. NAVY. 493 16-gun brig Diligente. The pur- suit continued until noon of the 27th, when the Renard, being in lat. 20° 30' north, long. 60° west and having got near enough to open her fire, the French brig, without firing a shot, hauled down her colours. 1841. Reduction of Canton. — On 26th May, arrangements were made by the troops which had invested Canton for an im- mediate assault of the city, and the right column, composed of the marines under Capt. Ellis, was to force their way through the north gate. On the 27th, when the troops were about to move forward to the assault, an officer arrived with a letter from Her Majesty’s Plenipotentiary, ad- dressed to Sir Hugh Gough and Sir Fleming Senhouse, to the fol- lowing effect : — “ The Imperial Commissioner and all the troops, other than those of the province, to quit the city within six days, and remove to a distance of sixty miles. Six millions of dollars to be paid in one week for the use of the crown of England, — one million before to-morrow at sun- set. The British troops to occupy their actual positions until the whole sum be paid, and then return, as well as the ships of war, without the Bocca Tigris.” May 23. 1672. Battle of Solebay. — The English fleet, of nearly 100 sail, under the Duke of York, having been joined by a French force of 40 sail, under Count d’Estrees, on the 19th of May, when off the Gunfleet, discovered the Dutch fleet, consisting of 75 large ships and 40 frigates, com- manded by Dc Ruyter, Branck- ert, and Van Ghent. The com- bined fleet anchored in Solebay until the 28th, when the Dutch appearing in the offing, they got under way. At 8h. a. m., an attack was made upon the force of Count d’Estrees by Branckert’s division, who at first were va- liantly resisted; but after a short time the French bore up and quitted the fight. The squadron under the Duke of York was next assailed by De Ruyter, and his ship, the St. Michael, being dis- abled, his flag was shifted to the Loyal London. The Earl of Sandwich, at the head of the blue squadron, with his flag in the Royal James of 100 guns, was first attacked by the Great Holland, 80, Capt. Brackel, supported by Van Ghent and a squadron of fire-ships. After contending for some time, Van Ghent was kill- ed, three of the fire-ships sunk, and the Great Holland at length beaten off, with the loss of her captain and great part of her crew killed and wounded. For nearly five hours the Royal James was closely engaged, and having been set on fire, the Earl of Sand- wich, and almost all on board perished. The death of Van Ghent spread such dismay in his division, that they withdrew from the contest. This enabled the blue squadron to support the Duke of York, contending with the squadrons of Branckert and De Ruyter. Cornelius Evertzen was killed, and De Ruyter wounded ; and his ship so dis- abled, with the loss of 150 men killed, that he was obliged to quit the combat. The squadron, lately commanded by Van Ghent, having rallied, made sail to the support of the divisions of De Ruyter and Tromp, and the fury of the battle was renewed ; but the French, although almost scath- less, still kept aloof. At about nine, both fleets had suffered so 494 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 29, severely that a separation took place as if by mutual consent. The English had four ships burnt or destroyed, and the Dutch lost three of their largest ships, one of which was captured, and the Great Holland reduced to a sinking state. Besides the Earl of Sandwich, there were slain 2500, and as many wounded. De Ruyter, in his official letter, describes the battle as the bravest tight he had ever witnessed. 1673. Battle off the Schon- velt. — The English fleet, com- manded by Prince Rupert, with Adms. Sir John Harman, and Sir Edward Spragge, and the French fleet, under Count d’Estrees, dis- covered the Dutch fleet near the sands of Schonvelt. amounting to 70 ships of the line, commanded by De Ruyter, Van Tromp, and Branckert. The confederate squadrons, amounting to 84 men- of-war, besides fire-ships, bore down about noon; and as the French on former occasions had avoided a close contest, they were now so placed as to take an earnest part in the action, and for some time the Count d’Estrees was engaged with De Ruyter. The latter, however, having com- pelled his antagonist to sheer off, bore down to the assistance of Van Tromp, who, from the dis- abled state of his ship, had been thrice obliged to shift his flag. Sir Edward Spragge and the Earl of Ossory distinguished themselves, and the Royal Charles, bearing Prince Rupert’s flag, received so much damage that she could not fight her lower tier of guns. At the approach of night, the Dutch took refuge among the sands, off their own coast, both parties claiming the victory. 1803. Capture of Franchise. — The French 40-gun frigate Franchise caotured by the 74- [ gun ship Minotaur, Capt. J. C. M. Mansfield, who had chased from the channel fleet. May 29. 1758. Capture of Raison- nable. — The 70-gun ship Dor- setshire, Capt. Peter Denis, in company with the Intrepid and Achilles, also of the line, chased the French 64-gun ship Raison- nable, commanded by the Cheva- lier de Rohun, and engaged her until the Achilles arrived up, when the enemy surrendered, with a loss of 61 killed, 100 wounded. The loss of the Dorsetshire amounted to 15 men killed and 20 wounded. 1794. Carysfort and Cas- tor. — The 2 8 -gun frigate Carys- fort, Capt. Francis Laforey, in lat. 46° 38' N., long. 9° 40' W., fell in with the French 32-gun frigate Castor (late British), Capt. L’Huil- lier. After an action had lasted without intermission one hour and fifteen minutes, the Castor struck her colours, having sustained a loss of 16 men killed and nine wounded. Out of her crew of 180 men, the Carysfort had one man killed and four wounded. — 1794. Battle of 29th May. — On the 28th of May, the fleet commanded by Admiral Earl Howe, consisting of 26 ships of the line, was in lat. 47° 34' N., long. 13° 39' W., with the wind fresh at S. by W., when the French fleet of 26 sail of the line and five frigates, under Villarct de Joyeuse, was discovered to windward. At 9h. a.m. they bore down, and when within nine miles hauled to the wind and hove to. At lOh. 30m. the Bri- tish having come to the wind on the same tack as the enemy, made sail to approach them. At lh. May Z9 0 NAVY. 495 p.m., the French fleet tacked. Before 3h. p. m., the Russel opened her fire at the rearmost ships, and about 6h. the Belle- rophon engaged the 120-gun ship Revolutionnaire. and for more than an hour maintained the unequal contest, until dis- abled by her powerful opponent, which was also engaged with the Russel and Marlborough. The Revolutionnaire having lost her mizen-mast, and being otherwise much crippled, bore up out of the line. The Audacious, placing herself on the lee-quarter of the three-decker, continued the en- gagement until lOh. p.m., when the Revolutionnaire, with her main and main-topsail yards gone, bore away to leeward under her fore -topsail. She subsequently lost all her masts, and reached Rochfort in tow of the 74-gun ship Audacieux. The Audacious was so much crippled, that she bore away for Plymouth. At 71i. 30m. a.m., the fleet being now on the larboard tack, the signal was made to pass through the enemy’s line. At 8h. a.m., the van ships of the enemy began wearing in succession to support their rear, and, running to lee- ward of their line, edged down towards the centre and van of the British. Having passed the rear ship of their line, then about three miles trom the British cen- tre, they hauled to the wind on the same tack as their opponents. At 9li. a.m., both fleets being on the larboard tack, the van of the French edged away, and at lOh. exchanged broadsides with the leading ships of the British line. At 12h. 30m.. the signal was made to tack in succession, with the view of passing through the enemy’s line. Upon which the Ca?sar, making the signal of in- ability, wore and ran down past the Majestic, the eighth ship in her own line, before she hauled up on the starboard tack. About lh. p.m., just as the Terrible, the third French ship from the rear, had carried away her fore-top- mast, the Queen wore, and round- ing to, under her second astern (the Russel), passed along their line, and having reached the centre, became warmly engaged ; then, making the signal of in- ability to cut through the enemy’s line, she continued her course until she had passed their rear ship, which was at 3h. 25m. p.m. Lord Howe observing that the Queen was suffering severely, and that the French ships would reach so far ahead as to defeat his intended manoeuvre, resolved to set the example ; and at lh. 30m. p. m., the Queen Char- lotte passed under the lee of the Orion (still on the starboard tack), and astern and to wind- ward of the Csesar. Stretching boldly on, she arrived abreast ot the opening between the sixth and seventh ships of the enemy’s rear ; then pouring a broadside into the lee beam of the Eole, repeated it as she luffed close under her stern. The Bellero- phon and Leviathan quickly tacked after their gallant chief. The Bellerophon succeeded in passing ahead of the Terrible, but the Leviathan could only fetch under her stern and ahead of the Tyrannicide. As soon as the Queen Charlotte passed through the line, she tacked ; then, hoisting the signal for a general chase, and leaving the Tyrannicide and Indomptable,— the two sternmost and disabled French ships, to be brought to by her friends astern, pursued the do- ubled Terrible. The Orion and Barfleur closed with the Tyran- nicide and Indomptable, and a '496 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. May 30. spirited action was maintained until the French admiral gallantly wore out of the line, and, leading his fleet on the starboard tack, res- cued these two disabled ships. The Queen Charlotte thereupon wore round, and calling the ships near her to follow, ran down to cover the Queen and Royal George. This movement again brought the two vans within shot, and some firing was interchanged. The French admiral, having res- cued his two disabled ships, wore round, and rejoined his rear; and at about 5h. p. m. all firing ceased. The loss sustained by the British amounted to 67 killed and 128 wounded. May 30. 1695. On the 30th May a small vessel belonging to Poole, of which William Thompson was the master, was fishing off Pur- beck, when a sloop-privateer was observed standing towards her. The fishing vessel was armed with two swivels and a few mus- kets, and her crew consisted of the master, one man, and a boy. The privateer having closed, an en- gagement ensued between these two unequally matched vessels. In a short time both the captain and mate of the privateer and 6 men were wounded, upon which the enemy endeavoured to escape ; but Thompson pursued his opponent, and compelled her to surrender, having lost two killed and 8 wounded, out of her crew of 16. The Admiralty, for this exploit, awarded to Thomp- son a gold chain and medal, value 50/. 1757. The Due d’ Aquitaine, French East Indiaman, mounting 50 long 18 -pounders and 463 men, was captured by the 60-gun ships Eagle and Medway, Capts. Hugh Palliser and Charles Proby, after a very gallant defence. The Eagle had 10 men killed, and the Medway 10 wounded. 1781. Capture of Castor. — The 3 6 -gun frigate Flora and 2 8 -gun frigate Crescent, Capts. William Peere Williams and the Hon. Thomas Pakenham, cruising near Gibraltar, at 5h. p.m. brought to action the Dutch 36- gun frigates Castor and Brill. After an action with the Flora of two hours’ duration, the Castor having sustained a loss of 22 men killed and 41 wounded, sur- rendered. The Crescent, being Ox inferior force to her opponent, suffered considerably; her main- mast gone, and having lost nine men killed and 32 wounded, she was compelled to cease firing be- fore she could receive any assist- ance from the Flora. The Brill, however, did not wait to take pos- session, but made off for Cadiz. 1798. Destruction of Con- fiante. — On the 30th May, at daybreak, the 38-gun frigate Hy- dra, Capt. Sir Francis Laforey, bomb-vessel Vesuvius, Capt. R. L. Fitzgerald, and Trial cutter, Lieut. Henry Garrett, standing towards Havre, discovered three sail to windward, which proved to be the 3 6 -gun frigate Con- fiante, 20- gun corvette Vesuve, and an armed cutter. The British squadron immediately chased, and, after some firing in passing, drove the frigate and corvette on shore, near the entrance of the river Dive. The corvette sub- sequently floated off, and, after being again engaged, escaped into the Dive. The Confiante having been hauled closer to the shore, and being protected by batteries and numerous troops, was left until the - 31st, when, finding that many of her crew were quitting her, Sir Francis Laforey, Ot 5 HE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS (RnKDMARE) FURS IT EARIL (HKDWE* OB , 1799 3**y 31, NAYY. 497 at lOh. a.m., detached the boats under the direction of Lieut. George Acklow, covered by the guns of the Trial, to set the Con- * fiante on fire. This dashing ser- vice was performed without any loss, in the face of a party of cavalry on the beach, and in sight of an army on the heights, as- sembled for the invasion of En- gland. may 31. 1779. Capture op Auda- cieuse. — The 32-gun frigate Licorne, Captain Hon. Thomas Cadogan, on her passage to New- foundland, captured the French 24-gun privateer Audacieuse, after a smart action, in which the latter had 22 men killed and 17 wounded; and the Licorne, one man wounded. 1809. Boats op Topaze at Demata. — While the 12 -pounder 38-gun frigate Topaze, Capt. A. J. Griffiths, was cruising off the coast of Albania, nine vessels were ob- served lying at anchor in the road of Demata, which is shel- tered by a reef of rocks, and protected by the fortress of Santa Maura. The boats of the frigate were despatched under Lieut. Charles. Hammond, to attempt their capture, and having to row along the edge of the reef, became exposed to a galling fire of mus- ketry; but dashing on, they suc- ceeded in boarding and bringing out the whole of the nine vessels. In the execution of this gallant exploit, one man was killed and one wounded. Among the prizes, were a xebec of 8 guns and six swivels, and a crew of 55 men; a cutter of 4 guns, a felucca of 3 guns, and two gun-boats of one gun each. June 1. 1794. Battle op 1st June. — At daybreak, the British fleet, under Adm. Lord Howe, consist- ing of 25 ships of the line and seven frigates, was in lat. 47° 48' N., long. 18° 30' W., the wind moderate from south by west; the Erench fleet, of 26 sail of the line, under Adm. Villaret, about six miles distant on the lee-bow, formed in line of battle on the larboard tack. After making the signal that he intended to attack the centre and rear of the enemy, and engage to leeward. Lord Howe, at 8h. 15m. a. m., directed the fleet to bear up, and each ship to steer for and engage her proper opponent. At 9h. the enemy’s van opened a fire upon the Defence, which ship was rather in advance of the British line. At 9h. 30m., the Queen Charlotte, 100 guns, passed under the stern of the Montagne, 120, bearing the flag of Adm. Villaret, which ship continued engaging until 10b. 10m., when, having suffered severely, she bore away to lee- ward. Observing that the Jacobin and several other ships were fol- lowing the example of their ad- miral, Lord Howe made the signal for a general chase. At this time the Juste, 80, lay on the Queen Charlotte’s larboard-bow, and the Jacobin, 74, on her starboard quarter ; but the latter soon after disappeared in the smoke to lee- ward. The Montagne and Ja- cobin, on quitting the Queen Charlotte, having stood towards the van, wore round, and followed by eleven ships, directed their course towards the Queen, then lying in a disabled state. Lord Howe, perceiving the perilous situation of the Queen, signalled the ships of the fleet to form in line ahead and astern of the Iv K 498 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 3.1 crippled sliijpr ; and the Queen Charlotte, having with difficulty got round on the starboard tack, stood away, followed by several ships, to succour their gallant con- sort. The French admiral then stood on to the aid of five of his crippled ships to the eastward. About noon the heat of action was over. The British were left with 1 1, and the French with 12, more or less dismasted ships. None of the French, at this time, had surrendered, or if they struck their colours, had since rehoisted them; and they, for the most part, were striving to escape under a spritsail, or some small sail, on the stump of a mast, and con- tinued to fire at every British ship as they passed. After failing, in his attempt upon the Queen, Adm. Villaret succeeded in co- vering four of his dismasted ships. At about lh. p. m., the firing had generally ceased, but it was not until 2h. 30m. p.m. that six of the dismasted French ships were secured. These were as follows : Gun-ship. Killed. Wounded. 80 Sans-Pareil 260 120 80 Juste 100 145 74 America 134 110 74 Impetueux 100 75 74 Northumberland 60 100 74 Achille 36 30 At a little after 6h. p. m., a seventh ship, the Vengeur, was taken pos- session of, but in so shattered a state, that, in less than ten mi- nutes, she went down, with up- wards of 200 of her crew, com- posed chiefly of the wounded. The British ships principally en- gaged, were the Queen Charlotte, Royal George, Royal Sovereign, Queen, Brunswick, Defence, Marl- borough, and Invincible. The total loss of the British amounted to 222 killed, 1140 wounded, — including among the former Capt. Montagu, of the Montague, 74, and among the wounded, Rear- Adm. Basley, John Hutt of the Queen, and John Harvey (mor- tally ) of the Brunswick. — ;fHxbaL 1813. Shannon and Chesa- peake. — The 38 -gun frigate, Shannon (1066 tons), Captain P. B. V. Broke, mounting 49 guns, with a crew of 330 men and boys, at about 30m. p. m. stood close to Boston lighthouse ; and shortly after lh. p.m. the United States frigate Chesapeake (1135 tons), Captain James Lawrence, mounting 50 guns, with a com- plement of 376 men and boys, was seen sailing out of the harbour with a fair wind. The two frigates continued to stand out until they had reached the distance of about 1 8 miles to the eastward of Boston lighthouse, when the Shannon rounded to. About 5h. 50m., when the Chesapeake had placed herself on the larboard quarter, of her opponent, the latter opened her fire with great precision. At 5h. 53m., the Chesapeake having forged ahead, luffed up a little; and at that moment the jib-sheet and fore-topsail-tie being shot away, the ship flew up into the wind, and became exposed to a raking fire. Gaining sternway, she fell on board the Shannon, her larboard quarter pressing upon the gangway of her an- tagonist. Captain Broke imme- diately ordered the ships to be lashed, and then, at the head of about 20 men, boarded the Chesa- peake. A very slight resistance was made, and a reinforcement, having arrived, the Americans were quickly driven below. Some occasional fighting afterwards took place, and Capt. Broke re- ceived a severe sabre cut in the head from some men that had surfendered. Lieutenant Watt, in hoisting the English colours over the American, in the haste, un- June 2 a NAVY. 499 fortunately sent up the American flag uppermost. The supposition that the British had been unsuc- cessful, caused the Shannon to reopen her fire. The mistake was immediately discovered, but not until Lieut. Watt and four men were unhappily killed. The short space of eleven minutes had only elapsed between the firing of the first gun and the boarding ; and in four minutes more, the Chesa- peake was the Shannon’s prize, — having sustained a loss of 46 killed, Capt. Lawrence (mortally) and 106 wounded. Out of 306 men and 24 boys, the Shannon had 24 killed and 59 wounded, including among the latter Capt. Broke, severely. — JJflUXfaL June 2. 1653. Dutch Fleet defeated. — Early in the morning, the En- glish fleet being off the Gable, discovered the Dutch fleet, con- sisting of 104 ships, about two leagues to leeward of them. The English bore down, and from 1 1 to 12 o’clock the engagement was very general. The battle lasted until 6 o’clock in the evening, when the Dutch bore away under all sail. Gen. Deane, was killed, and the Dutch Rear-Adm. Van Kelson was blown up in his ship in the middle of the action. Blake having joined in the night, with 18 ships, the fleet, now amounting to 105 ships, mounting 3840 guns with 16,270 men, made sail in pursuit of the Dutch, and on the 3rd they were enabled to bring them to action about noon. The James, bearing the flag of Vice-Adm. Penn, was laid along- side by Van Tromp, who at- tempted to board, but was re- pulsed with great loss, and in return the English boarded and drove all the crew below. Upon which, Van Tromp resorted to the plan of blowing up the deck, wilich caused great loss to the assailants. Notwithstanding this repulse, she was again boarded by the James and another ship, but De Witte and De Kuyter bore down and saved the admiral from certain capture. The victory was most decisive, and on the following morning, the remains of the Dutch fleet entered the Texel. Eleven ships and 1300 prisoners were taken, among whom were two rear-admirals and six captains. Six ships were sunk, one bearing a rear-admiral’s flag, and three blown up. One of the captured ships was of 1200 tons, and had 14 ports on a tier. The loss of the English amounted to 126 killed, 236 wounded. 1747. The Fortune, of 10 guns and 14 swivels, and 110 men, Capt. Edward Jekyll, cruising off Yar- mouth, after a chase of nine hours, captured the Charon, of 10 guns and 85 men. 1779. The French 36-gun fri- gate, Prudente, was captured in the Bight of Leogane, St. Do- mingo, by the 64-gun ship Ruby, acting Capt. J. Everitt. 1805. Boats of Loire at Ca- marinas. — The 38-gun frigate Loire, Capt. Fred. L. Maitland, on the 1st of June, chased a small pri- vateer into the bay of Camarinas, near Cape Finisterre. After dark the launch and two cutters, with 35 officers and men, under Lieut. James Lucas Yeo, were des- patched, but did not reach the point of attack until break of day on the 2nd, when they discovered two privateers moored under a battery 10 of guns. Ordering the launch, commanded by Mr. Clinch, to board the smaller vessel, Lieut. Yeo, with the two cutters, attacked and carried without- loss the K K 2 500 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 4. Spanish felucca Esperanza, armed with three long 18-pounders, four swivels, and 50 men, 19 of whom were killed or wounded. The launch captured a lugger of two 6-pounders and 32 men. June 3. 1665. Dutch under Opdam DEFEATED BY DUKE OF YORK. At noon, the Dutch fleet, con- sisting of 110 sail and 10 fire- ships, commanded by Wassanaer Baron Opdam, having under him the two Evertzens and Cornelius Van Tromp, appearing off the English coast, the Duke of York immediately put to sea with 116 ships, carrying 4537 guns and 22,206 men ; having under him, besides Prince Rupert and the Earl of Sandwich, Vice-Admirals Lawson, Myngs, and Ayscue, and Rear-A'dmirals Berkeley and Tiddiman. On the morning of the 2nd the Dutch were five leagues to windward, and the chase continued all day and dur- ing the following night. Early on the morning of the 3rd the wind changed south-west, which enabled the English to obtain the weather-gage. The van ships of the Dutch commenced firing at 3h. a.m., and a vigorous cannon- ade ensued between the enemy’s van with the English rear as they passed on opposite tacks. The Swiftsure, the flag-ship of Rear- Admiral Berkeley, bore the prin- cipal part of the action, and one of the rear ships was cut off by the Dutch. At 6h. a.m., both fleets tacked, and the action soon afterwards recommenced. At lh. f.m., the Dutch van having again tacked, weathered upon the leading ships of the English line; but these succeeded in dividing the Dutch fleet, and thus secured the victory. The action then became close and animated, the ships engaging yard-arm and yard-arm. The Royal Oak, com- manded by the brave Lawson, did excellent service ; and the Duke of York, in the Royal Charles, engaged Opdam’s ship with such effect that, at about 3h. p. m., she caught fire and blew up with all on board. The van of the Dutch, without attempting to succour their rear, thus cut off, made for the Texel, leaving the English in possession of a de- cisive victory. Twenty-four ships were captured, burnt, and sunk, and 3000 prisoners taken. June 1673. The Dutch fleet, under Van Tromp, being reinforced by several fresh ships, again put to sea, and the English, commis- sioned by Sir Edward Spragge, to draw them from their own coast, feigned a retreat. But at 5h. p. m. they shortened sail, and a furious battle commenced, which lasted until lOh. p. m., when the Dutch hauled their wind and re- tired to the shelter of their own flats, neither fleet having lost a ship. 1805. Capture of Confiance. — At 9h. a. m., the Loire stood into Muros bay, to attempt the capture of a French privateer of 26 guns, when a battery of two 18 -pounders having fired at the frigate, Lieut. Yeo was ordered to push for the shore and spike the guns. A fort mounting 12 long 18-pounders, distant only a quarter of a mile, having opened a well-directed fire, the Loire immediately anchored with a spring on the cable, when the firing from the fort suddenly ceased, and the British colours were observed rising above the walls. Lieut. Yco, after spiking June 5 NAVY. 501 the two 18-pounders, had imme- diately pushed forward to attack the fort ; the outer gate being open, the lieutenant, at the head of his men, rushed in, and, after a struggle, the garrison, consisting of 22 soldiers and about 100 of the crew of the French privateer Confiance, surrendered. Of these, the governor and 11 were killed and 30 wounded. On the part of the British, Lieut. Yeo and 5 men were wounded. The Con- fiance was brought out.— fHctfal. 1812 . Capture of Dorade — In the night, the boats of the 32- gun frigate Medusa, under Lieut. Josiah Thompson, were des- patched to cut out the French store-ship Dorade, of 14 guns and 86 men, lying at anchor in the harbour of Arcasson. The enemy were found at their quar- ters fully prepared ; but nothing could resist the impetuosity of the attack, and the Dorade was carried, after a desperate struggle, in which the whole of her crew, except 23 men, were either killed, wounded, or compelled to jump overboard. The British loss was no greater than five men wounded. At daylight on the 5th, the prize was got under way, but, having grounded on a sand-bank, she was destroyed. June 5« 1758. Expedition to the Coast of France. — On 1st June, Commodore Hon. Richard Howe, in the Essex, 64, with four ships of 50 guns, 8 frigates, several smaller vessels and one hundred transports, conveying troops un- der the Duke of Marlborough, to make a descent on the coast of France, on the evening of the 5th got into Cancale bay, where the troops landed under the command of Lord George Sackville. The commodore shifted his pendant to the Success frigate, which, with the Rose, Flam- borough, and Diligence sloop, covered the landing and silenced a battery of three guns. 1761. The French 64-gun ship Ste. Anne was captured in Donna Maria bay, Port au Prince, by Centaur, 74, and Hampshire, 50, Capts. Arthur Forrest and Arthur Usher, which had chased from the squadron under Rear-Adm. Holmes. The prize was commis- sioned under the same name. 1807. Boats of Pomone. — On 5th June, the 38-gun frigate Pomone, Capt. R. Barrie, cruising off the Pertuis Breton, chased a French convoy, under the pro- tection of three armed brigs, drove several of the vessels on shore, and, notwithstanding a heavy fire from the batteries, a transport and brig were brought out by the boats under Lieut. John Jones, without any loss. Fourteen vessels of the same con- voy were captured on the same day near St. Gilles, by the Po- mone’s boats, under Lieut. J. W. Gabriel. June 6. 1755. Capture of Alcide and Lts. — The peace which had subsisted since 1748 being fre- quently infringed by ships of the French navy, Vice-Adm. Bos- cawen was ordered to proceed to North America, to counteract the designs of a fleet under M. De La Motte Although war was not actually declared, the preparations of France plainly evinced hostile designs upon our North American colonies. Bos- cawen was, therefore, directed to protect British possessions and to attack the French squadrons wherever he found them. The K K 3 502 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 7. admiral fulfilled his instructions to the letter; for, happening, on the 6th June 1755, near the en- trance to the gulf of St. Law- rence, to fall in with four sail of the line, which had parted from the squadron of M. De la Motte in a gale of wind, he chased them for two successive days ; and on the 8th, at noon, Capt. Richard Howe, in the Dunkirk, having arrived up with the Alcide, 64, after some preliminary hailing, brought her to close action, and, on the approach of the Torbay, the Erench ship struck her co- lours. The Lys, 64, en flute , was also captured ; but a fog coming on, the other ships escaped. Thus was the Seven Years’ War com- menced. 1758. Expedition to St. Malo. — In the preceding page we have noticed the arrival of the squadron under Commodore Howe, and the landing of a por- tion of the army on the 5th J une. On the 6th, the whole of the troops had disembarked, together with their baggage and stores, and on the 7 th the army, except- ing one brigade, which remained at Cancale to secure a retreat, marched towards St. Malo. In the evening, the Duke of Marl- borough, observing that the vil- lages of St. Servan and Solidore, forming the suburbs of St. Malo, with the storehouses and ships in the basin, were entirely un- protected, determined to destroy them. As soon as it became dark, a division of the army pro- ceeded on this service. By mid- night the ships were in flames, and being aground, the flames soon communicated to the ma- gazines filled with naval stores. The conflagration now became general and the fire continued with great fury all night and great part of the succeeding day. At St. Servan, a ship of 50 guns, one of 36, one of 22, and one of 18, with 62 merchant vessels, were destroyed ; and at Solidore, one of 32, one of 30, 4 of 20, 2 of 16, and 2 of 12 guns, with eleven merchant vessels, were also burnt. The loss sustained by the enemy on this occasion was computed at 800,000/. On the 10th, the army marched to Cancale, and re- embarked on the following day. 1807. Lieut. Hall, of the 14- gun brig Port d’Espagne, com- manded by Lieutenant James P. Stewart, cruising in the gulf of Paria, was despatched in a prize I schooner, disguised as a neutral, to attempt the capture of a Spanish privateer. After receiv- ing a volley of musketry, Lieut. Hall laid the privateer on board and carried her. The prize was the Mercedes, mounting two guns and 2 swivels, with a crew of thirty men, three of whom were killed and one drowned. Two of the British were wounded. June 7. 1761. On 7th June, the island of Belleisle surrendered to the squadron under Commodore Kep- pel and the land forces com- manded by General Hodgson. British loss, between April 22nd and June 7th, was 13 officers and 300 rank and file killed ; 21 officers and 480 wounded. 1780. Iris and Hermione. — The 32 -gun frigate Iris, Captain James Hawker, cruising off the coast of North America, in the morning chased a sail on her lee- beam, which proved to be the French 3 6 -gun frigate Hermione, Capt. Dc la Touche. The two frigates having approached within musket-shot, exchanged broad- sides, and the Iris wearing round, June 8. NAYY. 503 brought her opponent to close | action, both ships running off the wind. After engaging one hour and 20 minutes, the Hermione made all sail away, and was pur- sued by the Iris until a strange sail hove in sight, with which the Hermione exchanged signals. The Iris had seven men killed ; Lieut. Bourne, of the marines (mortally), and 9 men wounded. June 8. 1796. Capture of Tamise and Tribune. — At 2h. a. m., the 18-pounder 32-gun frigate Uni- corn, mounting 38 guns, and 12- pounder 36-gun frigate Santa Margarita, mounting 40 guns, Captains Thomas Williams and Thomas Byam Martin, cruising to the westward of Scilly, dis- covered to leeward the French 36-gun frigates Tribune, mounting 44 guns, Capt. J. Moulston, Ta- mise, mounting 40 guns, Capt. J. B. A. Fradin, and 1 8-gun corvette Legere. The British ships bore away in chase, and at Ih. p. m. the enemy opened a well-directed fire from their stern guns. At 4h. p. m., the Santa Margarita closed with the Tamise, and the two ships went off by themselves, engaging with spirit during 20 minutes, when the Tamise struck her colours, having 32 men killed and 19 wounded. The Santa Margarita had only two men killed and three wounded. Seeing the fate of her companion, the Tribune crowded all sail, pursued by the Unicorn, who did not overtake her antagonist until lOh. 30m. p. m., after a run of 210 miles. A close action then com- menced, which had lasted 35 mi- nutes, when the Tribune dropped from alongside, and was endea- vouring to cross the Unicorn’s stern to gain the wind of her, but the Bri- tish frigate throwing her sails aback, took up her former position, and, having by a few well- directed broadsides brought down the fore and main masts and mizen top- masts of the Tribune, compelled her to surrender. Her loss amounted to 37 men killed, her commander and 14 men wounded, out of a crew of 339. The Uni- corn, whose complement con- sisted of 240 men and boys, had not a person hurt. Capt. Wil- liams received the honour of knighthood, and Lieut. Thomas Palmer was promoted to the rank of commander, which reward was also bestowed upon Lieut. George Harrison of the Santa Margarita. —Mt'tfz I. 1813. The 74-gun ships Eli- zabeth and Eagle, Capts. E. L. Gower and Charles Rowley, having anchored off the town of Osmago, on the coast of Istria, landed the marines under Capt. J. H. Graham, and drove the troops out of the town, whilst the boats under Lieut. Mitchell Ro- berts, destroyed a two-gun battery and brought out four vessels. One man only was wounded. June 9. 1796. Capture of Utile. — The French corvette Utile, of 18 long 6 -pounders and six smaller guns, with a crew of 130 men, having anchored in Hyeres road, the 32 -gun frigate Southampton, Capt. James Macnamara, was detached by Admiral Sir John Jervis to bring her out. At 8h. 30m. p.m., Capt. Macnamara hailed the corvette, cautioning her commander not to make a fruitless resistance, but she imme- diately discharged her broadside, and the Southampton promptly returned the salute. After the third broadside she hauled athwart K k 4 504 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. Jane 11, the bows of the Utile, and lashed the corvette’s bowsprit to her main rigging. Lieut. Charles Lydiard, at the head of the boarders, then sprang on board, and, after a struggle of ten mi- nutes, carried her. The South- ampton had only one man killed, but the Utile had her captain and seven men killed and 17 wounded. — fHctfal. 1799. The 32 - gun frigate Success, Capt. Shuldham Peard, detached her boats, containing 42 officers and men, under the orders of Lieut. Philip Facey, to attempt the capture of the polacre Bella Aurora, mounting ten guns, w r ith a crew of 113 men, which the frigate had chased into the port of Selva, near Cape Creux. Not- withstanding that the polacre, with her nettings triced- up, was supported by a battery and a body of small- arms on the shore, she was gallantly boarded and carried, wfith the loss on the part of the British of four men killed; Lieut. Stupart and eight men badly -wounded. Lieut. Facey, who was the first man on the enemy’s deck, deservedly obtained the rank of commander. — jHtfJal. 1801. Boats at Oreposo. — At noon, the 18-gun brig Kan- garoo, Capt. George C. Pulling, and 14-gun brig Speedy, Capt. Lord Cochrane, attacked a xebec of 20 guns and three gun -boats, protecting a convoy lying under the battery of Oreposo, which appeared "to mount 12 guns. Having anchored within half gun-shot, a brisk cannonade was maintained, and at 2h. r. M. the Spaniards received a reinforce- ment of a felucca of 12 guns and two gun-boats. By 3h. 30m. the xebec and three of the gun-boats were sunk by the fire of the brigs, and before 7h. r. m. the gun- boats fled, and the tower -was completely silenced. In the meantime the boats captured and brought out three brigs laden with provisions. The loss of the British consisted of one mid- shipman (Thomas Taylor) killed, two lieutenants (Thomas Fouler- ton and Thomas Brown Thom- son) and eight men wounded, belonging to the Kangaroo; and Lord Cochrane and two men of the Speedy wounded. June 10. 1800. Attack of Conyoy at Ste. Croix — Rear-Adm. Sir J. B. Warren, in the Renown, 74, with the Defence, 74, Fisgard and Unicorn frigates, cruising off the Penmarcks, at llh. p. m. des- patched the boats of the squadron, under Lieut. Henry Burke, to at- tack a convoy lying at Ste. Croix, laden with provisions for the Brest fleet. Having to row against a head-wind, the boats did not reach the harbour until daylight on the 11th, when, in the face of a heavy battery, three armed ves- sels, and a discharge of musketry from the shore, the British cap- tured one gun-boat, two armed chasse-marees, and eight merchant vessels. The remainder escaped by running on the rocks. This service was accomplished with no other casualty than four men wounded. June 11. 1808. Boats of Euryalus and Cruiser. — In the evening, the 36-gun frigate, Euryalus, Captain the Hon. A. H. Dundas, and 18-gun sloop Cruiser, Capt. G. C. Mackenzie, cruising in the Great Belt, having discovered se- veral vessels at anchor near the shore, four boats, under the or- ders of Lieut. Michael Head, were June 12* NAVY. 505 sent to destroy them. A Danish gun-boat, mounting two long 18- pounders, with a crew of sixty- four men, lying moored close to a 3-gun battery, and protected by a body of troops on the beach, was boarded and brought out, and two large ships fitted as troop-ships were burnt. The British had only one wounded; whilst the Danes had seven men killed and twelve wounded. June IZi 1685. Capt. Thomas Lighton, of the Dark frigate, having under his orders the Greyhound, Capt. Randall Macdonald, and Bona- venture, acting Capt. Stafford Fairborne, arriving off the bar of the Mamora river, discovered lying there two Sallee rovers™ It being determined to attempt their capture, the boats under Captain Macdonald at 8h. p. m. proceeded on that service, and, although they were exposed to a severe fire from the batteries and shipping, the Sallee ships (one mounting thirty- six and the other twenty- six guns) were carried and set on fire. The British loss amounted to one man killed and five wounded. 1745. The 24-gun shipFowey, Capt. Polycarpus Taylor, drove on shore and destroyed the 26- gun privateer Griffin, off St. Malo, making prisoners 40 of her crew. 1813. The boats of the 32-gun frigate Narcissus, Capt. John R. Burnley, under the command of Lieut. John Cririe, were sent up York river, in the Chesapeake, to attack the United States schooner. Surveyor, mounting six 12- pounder carronades, but having on board only sixteen men. The vessel was boarded and carried in the face of a severe fire of musketry, by which the British suffered a loss of three men killed and six wounded. 1813. At daylight, Capt.Wm. Hoste, in the 38-gun frigate Bac- chante, despatched the boats under command of Lieut. Silas T. Hood, to attack seven gun-boats, each mounting one long 18-pounder, three carrying each a 3-pounder, and fourteen sail of merchant- men, mostly armed, lying under the town of Gela Nova, coast of Abruzza, protected by troops and two field-pieces. The gun-boats were boarded in the most gallant manner; and the marines, having landed, drove the troops from the beach, and captured the two field- pieces. The British had 3 killed and 5 wounded. June 13. 1796. Dryad and Proser- pine.— The 36-gun frigate Dryad, mounting 44 guns, Captain Lord Amelius Bcauclerk,off Cape Clear, at lh. p. m., discovered the French frigate Proserpine, mounting 42 guns, Capt. Etienne Pevrieux, who immediately made sail away on the starboard tack, pursued by the Dryad. At 8h. p. m., the Pro- serpine fired her stern chasers, and about 9h. p. m. the Dryad, having reached her opponent’s lee quarter, commenced a close action, which was continued until 9h. 45m. p. m., when the Proser- pine, out of her complement of 348, having lost 30 men killed and 45 wounded, hauled down her colours. The Dryad, out of a crew of 251, had two men killed and seven wounded. Her first lieutenant, Edward Dunford King, was deservedly promoted to the rank of commander. — JHcfraL 1805. Maria captured by Boats of Cambrian. — The Cam- brian, 40, Capt. J. P. Berresford, in lat. 29° N., long, 62° W. des- 506 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 16. patched her boats, under the com- mand of Lieut. Robert Pigot, to attack the Spanish privateer- schooner Maria, of 14 guns and 60 men. Lieut. Pigot, taking the lead in the launch, gallantly boarded the schooner; and, as- sisted by Lieut. George Alfred Crofton in the barge, carried her in spite of a determined resistance, before the other boats could ar- rive up. The British loss amounted to 2 men killed and 2 wounded. June 143:. 1809. Scout at Cape Croi- sette. — In the morning, the 18- gun brig Scout, Capt. William Raitt, gave chase to a convoy of 15 sail, under the protection of two gun-boats, coming round Cape Croisette ; but it falling calm, at lh. p.m. the boats of the brig were despatched, under the orders of Lieut. Henry Robert Battersby. The convoy having dispersed seven sail, pushed for a harbour about three leagues to the east- ward of the cape, followed by the British. Lieut. Battersby then landed, and stormed a battery mounting two 6-pounders, which he spiked. The boats in the mean- time under Lieut. John Farrant; pulled up the harbour and cap- tured the seven vessels, although they were secured to the shore by ropes from their keels and mast- heads. In the execution of this service one seaman was killed and five wounded. 1814. The boats of the 74 -gun ship Superb, Capt. the Hon. Charles Paget, under the orders of Lieut. J ames Garland, together with two boats of the 18 -gun brig Primrose, were sent to effect the destruction ofsome vessels at Wareham, a town situated at the head of Buzzard's bay, in the State of Connecticut. The intricacy of the navigation rendered the undertaking one of great difficulty ; nevertheless Lieut. Garland completely suc- ceeded in his object, without in- curring the slightest loss. The vessels destroyed, formed an aggregate of 2522 tons; and he also burnt down a cotton manu- factory valued at half a million of dollars. June 15, 1780. Apollo and Stanis- laus. — The 32-gun frigate Apollo, Capt. Philemon Pownall, cruising off Ostend, brought to close action the French privateer Stanislaus, mounting 26 long 12 -pounders. As the fight proceeded, the two ships edged off the wind, standing in for the shore, and the engage- ment had lasted nearly an hour, when Capt. Pownall was unfortu- nately killed. The command de- volved upon Lieut. Edward Pel- lew, who continued the fight with great spirit, until finding it was the intention of the enemy to run ashore, when, being in little more than 20 feet water, the Apollo wore round. Soon afterwards the Stanislaus took the ground, and her foremast and main -topmast fell over the side. Having claimed the protection of the Dutch, the Stanislaus was got off and taken into Ostend, where she was purchased by the British govern- ment, and added to the navy as the Proselyte. The loss of the Apollo amounted to her captain and five men killed, and 20 wounded. Her rigging was much disabled, and she had three feet water in the hold when the action ceased. June 16. 1778. Aretiiusa and Belle Poule. — On the 12 th June* June 17. NAVY. 507 Adm. Keppel put to sea with twenty sail of the line, three frigates, and a fire-ship. On the 17th, being off the Lizard, two frigates and a schooner were dis- covered, which the Arethusa 32- gun frigate, Capt. Samuel Mar- shall, and Milford, were ordered to pursue. Towards night, the Arethusa having arrived up with the French 40-gun frigate Belle Poule, Captain Marshall hailed, and requested the French captain to accompany him to the admi- ral. The request being refused, the Arethusa fired a shot across the Frenchman’s bows, and re- ceived in return a broadside. An action then commenced, which lasted for two hours ; by which time the ships were close in with the French coast. The Belle Poule having made sail, stood into a small bay, and was towed into a place of safety. The main- mast of the Arethusa shortly afterwards fell over the side, and she was otherwise much disabled, having eight men killed and 36 wounded. By the French ac- counts, the Belle Poule had 4 officers and 44 men killed, and 50 wounded. 1812. On the 16th June, the 18-gun brig Swallow, Capt. Ed. Reynolds Sibly, was standing into the bay of Frejus, when the French 16 -gun brig Renard and 12- gun schooner Goelan, and some gun-boats, were seen ap- proaching. At lh. p. m., the Swal- low, passing close to windward of the Renard, gave and re- ceived a broadside. Both vessels then wore round on the larboard tack, warmly engaging, and the Goelan keeping up an occasional fire. The action had continued upwards of 30 minutes, when the proximity of the shore, lined with batteries, compelled Capt. Sibly to withdraw from the contest. The loss of the Swallow out of a crew of 109 men, consisted of six men killed and 17 wounded, in- cluding the purser, Eugene Ryan. The Renard, out of 180 men, in- cluding troops, had 14 killed and 28 wounded. June 17. 1704. Romney, 50, Capt. the Hon. W. Paget, captured the French frigate Sibylle, mounting 46 guns, in Miconi roads, Archi- pelago, after a gallant defence of one hour and ten minutes, in which the Sibylle lost 44 men killed and 112 wounded. — Mrtzl 1795. Cornwallis’s Retreat. — On the 16th June, Vice- Adm. the Hon. Win. Cornwallis, in the Royal Sovereign, 100, with Mars, Triumph, Brunswick, and Belle- rophon, of 74 guns, Phaeton and Pallas frigates, and Kingfisher brig, being off Lorient, were pur- sued by the French fleet of thirteen sail of the line and fourteen frigates, under Adm, Vence. At daylight on the 1 7th, the enemy’s fleet, formed in three divisions, were observed still in chase : the weather division, consisting of three sail of the line and five frigates, being nearly abreast and to windward ; the centre division, composed of six ships of her line and four frigates, were on the weather quarter ; and the lee column of four of the line, five frigates, two brigs, and two cut- ters, right astern of the British, who were steering about three points free. At 9h., the Mars, the sternmost ship, became ex- posed to a fire from the van ship of the weather division, assisted by a frigate. The chase con- tinued until 3h. 35m., when the admiral observing that the Mars had fallen much to leeward, and 508 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 18. apprehensive that she might be overpowered by the enemy, the Royal Sovereign gallantly bore up, followed by the Triumph, to protect her. This determined manoeuvre proved decisive, for the leading French ships wore and left the Mars to pursue her course unmolested. The Mars, which was the only ship that sus- tained any loss, had twelve men wounded. — JHrtfal. 1813. Capt. John Harper, with 40 men of the 18-gun brig Sa- racen, landed at 1 1 f.m. upon the island of Zapano, in the Adriatic, and, after a march of three miles, attacked the commandant’s head- quarters, which post was carried by the bayonet. 36 prisoners were taken, and the remaining 1 6, composing the garrison, effected their escape. 1815. Pilot and Legere. — At daylight, the 18-gun brig Pilot, Capt. J. Toup Nicolas, when about 50 miles to the west- ward of Cape Corse, chased the French frigate-built corvette Le- gere, mounting 20 carronades, 24-pounders, and two long 12- pounders on the maindeck, with six long 6-pounders on the quar- ter-deck, and at 2h. p. m. ranged up on the corvette’s weather- beam. Observing that the enemy was preparing to make sail, Capt. Nicolas ordered a shot to be fired through the foresail of his oppo- nent. A broadside from the French ship immediately followed, and the action commenced within pistol-shot. By 4h. p. m. the fire of the Legere had considerably slackened, and at 4h. 30m. she hauled up her mainsail and backed her mizen-topsail. Every brace, bowline, and clue-garnet being cut away, the Pilot unavoidably shot ahead; and, as her only ill- | ternative, put her helm up to rake her opponent. The Legere j taking advantage of this move- ment, hauled close to the wind, and made off with all the sail she could carry. The Pilot being wholly unmanageable, her main- topgallant-mast over the side, her main-topsail-yard shot away in the slings, and her rigging disabled, was not in a condition for immediate pursuit; but before 7 h. p. m. she was going seven knots by the wind in chase of her opponent, who effected her escape. The loss on board the Pilot amounted to two men killed; her first lieutenant, W. Keigwin Nicolas, purser Thomas Rowe, and 12 men wounded. The Legere had 22 men killed and 79 wounded. June 18. 1793. Nymphe and Cleopa- tre. — The 12-pounder 36-gun frigate Nymphe (mounting 40 guns), Captain Edward Pellew, cruising off the Start, at daybreak discovered the French frigate Cleopatre, mounting 40 guns. The Nymphe bore up under all sail in chase, but at 5h. a. m. the Cleopatre hauled up her foresail and lowered her topgallant-sails to allow her opponent to close. At 6h. a. m., the Nymphe having hauled up on the weather quarter, and being hailed from the Cleo- patre, responded by three British cheers. Capt. Mullon then came to the gangway, and waving his hat, exclaimed Vive la Nation ! — his crew making a noise in imi- tation of the British cheers; at the same time the Cleopatre bore up. At 6h. 15m., the Nymphe being on the starboard quarter of the Cleopatre, opened her fire, and a furious action between the two frigates ensued, both running before the wind within hail. At about 6h. 30m., the Cleopatre June 19. NAVY. 509 hauled suddenly to the wind, and before 7h. a. m. her mizen-mast, and soon afterwards her wheel, were shot away. She then paid round off, and fell on hoard her antagonist, her jibboom passing between the Nymphe’s fore and main masts, which pressing against the head of the mainmast, broke in two, and the two frigates fell alongside, head and stern. The firing of the Cleopatre having slackened, she was boarded by the British, and at 7h. 10m. a. m. the republican colours were hauled down. Out of a crew of 240 men and boys, the Nymphe had her boatswain (Tobias James), one master’s mate (Rich. Pearse), three midshipmen (George Boyd, John Davie, and Samuel Edfall), and 18 men killed; one lieutenant (George Luke), two midshipmen (John A. Norwrny & John Plaine), one lieutenant of marines (John Whittaker), and 23 men wounded. Out of a crew of 320 on board the Cleopatre, 63 were killed or wounded ; and among the slain her gallant captain, Jean Mullon. Capt. Pellew received the honour of knighthood ; his brother, Com- mander Israel Pellew, who was a passenger, obtained promotion to post rank; and Lieut. Amherst Morris was made commander. — al. June 19. 1799. On 19th June, Vice- Adm. Lord Keith, cruising off Minorca with nineteen sail of the line, fell in with and captured the French squadron under Rear-Admiral Perree, consisting of 38-gun fri- gate Junon, 36-gun frigates Al- ceste and Courageuse, and brigs Salamine and Alerte. All these ships were added to the British navy under the same names, ex- cept the Junon, which became the Princess Charlotte, afterwards changed to Andromache. 1809. Boats of the Bellerophon, 74, under the orders of Lieut. Robert Pilch, stormed and car- ried a battery mounting four 24- pounders, and garrisoned by 103 men, at Hango, coast of Swedish Finland. After a very gallant resistance, the Russians retreated to the opposite side of the island. In this gallant affair the British had only five men wounded. 1812. Lieut. Thomas Jones (2), with 18 men in the pin- nace of the 10-gun brig Briseis, carried the ship Urania, mount- ing 6 guns and 4 swivels, in Pillau roads, Baltic, although defended by a body of French troops, whom they drove off her decks, and brought away their prize in triumph, but with loss of one killed and two wounded. June 20 0 1743. The 50-gun ship Cen- turion, Commodore George An- son, being off Espirito Santo in search of the Manilla galleon, was fortunate enough to fall in with her, and, after a warmly contested action of two hours, compelled her to surrender, hav- ing sustained a loss of 67 men killed and 84 wounded, while that of the Centurion was only two killed and 17 wounded. The value of the galleon was 313,000/. sterling. 1747. Capture op French Convoy. — Commodore Fox, in the Kent, 74, with Hampton Court, 64, Eagle, 60, Lion, 60, Chester, 50, and Hector, 44, being off Cape Ortegal, to intercept the French West India homeward- bound fleet, obtained sight of the expected convoy on 20th June, in all 170 sail. The French ships of war escaped ; but forty- 510 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 23 eight sail of merchant ships, whose united tonnage amounted to 16,051 tons, and crews to 1197 men, were captured by the Bri- tish squadron. 1782. The hired ship Defiance, sixteen long 4-pounders, Lieut. George Cadman, when off Port- land, after a spirited action of two hours, captured the Dutch brig Zeuse, mounting sixteen long 6 -pounders, and one long 18 -pounder, with a crew of 113 men, of which 21 were killed, 17 wounded. Defiance, out of a crew of 68 men, had one killed and one wounded. 1783. Hughes and De Suf- frein. — A British squadron of 16 sail of the line and two of 50 guns, under Vice-Adm. Sir Edward Hughes, when off Pon- dicherry, sustained an action with a French squadron, under Com- modore De Suffrein, consisting of 12 ships of the line and three of 50 guns. The superior sailing of the French ships enabled them to keep a position within long gun-shot to windward of the Bri- tish, and, after an engagement of three hours, they withdrew from the contest. British loss: killed, 99, and 431 wounded. June 21. 1596. Reduction of Cadiz. — Cn 1st June, an expedition, amounting to 126 sail of vessels, under the Lord High Admiral the Earl of Effingham, with troops, commanded by the Earl of Essex, sailed from Plymouth to destroy the Spanish fleet in Cadiz, reported to be in prepara- tion for a renewal of the attempt upon England. The expedition arrived off’ Cadiz on the 20th, and before any news of its destina- tion had reached Spain. On the following morning, the smallest ships entered the harbour, com- manded by the lord admiral in person, having under him his son Lord Thomas Howard, Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir Thomas Southwell, Sir Thomas Oarew, Sir William Monson (knighted for this ser- vice), and several others. The troops under the Earl of Essex attacked and took the town, and the garrison was ransomed by the payment of 600,000 ducats; but the lord high admiral, refusing a ransom for the fleet lying in Puerto Real, sent Sir Walter Raleigh to destroy it. Two rich galleons, carrying 100 brass guns, were captured ; thirteen ships of war, eleven ships freighted for the West Indies, and thirteen others, were taken or sunk, to- gether with 1200 pieces of ord- nance. Cadiz was plundered, all the forts demolished, and great part of the town laid in ashes. The damage was estimated at twenty millions of ducats. June 22. 1798. The 6-gun packet Prin- cess Royal, Capt. John Skinner, with a crew of thirty- two men, carrying the mail to New York, after a very gallant action on 22nd June, beat off, with much loss, the French privateer Aven- turier, of sixteen guns and eighty- five men. No loss was sustained by the packet. June 23d 1795. Bridport’s Action — A British fleet of 17 sail of the line and five frigates, under Lord Bridport, attacked the French fleet of 12 ships of the line and 11 frigates, under Vice-Adm. Villaretr de Joyeuse, near Belle- isle, as they were proceeding under all sail towards the main- June 24. NAVY. 511 land. The action commenced at 6h.A.M., and lasted until 8b. 15m. a,m., when Lord Bridport made the signal to discontinue the pur- suit, and secure the captured ships, consisting of Tigre, Alex- andre, and Formidable, of 74 guns, whose united loss amounted to 630 in killed and wounded. The British loss, killed 31 and 113 wounded. The Tigre re- tained her name in the British navy, but the name of the For- midable was changed to Belleisle ; and the Alexandre was restored to her place on the navy list. — MtX ml. 1801. The boats of the 32-gun frigate Mercury, under Lieut. Mather, with those of the brig El Corso, captured a piratical tartan, which had taken refuge among the small islands of Tre- miti, in the Gulf of Venice. 1812. The 36-gun frigate Bel- videra, mounting 42 guns, in lat. 39° 26' N., long. 71° 10' W., sus- tained an action with the Ame- rican frigate President, mounting 56 guns, accompanied by the United States, of the same force, 36-gun frigate Congress, 18-gun sloop Hornet, and 16-gun brig Argus, which lasted from 4h. 20m. p. m. until 6h. 30m. P. M., during which period the British frigate had discharged from her stern guns no less than 300 round-shot at her opponents. By great ex- ertion the Belvidera so increased her speed as to get beyond the reach of her pursuers. She was much cut up in sails and rigging, and had two men killed, Lieut. H. W. Bruce and 16 wounded. President, 3 killed, 18 wounded. 1813. Boats of the 32 -gun frigate Castor, Capt. Charles Dilkes, under Lieut. Bassett, boarded and brought out from under the protection of a strong fort on coast of Catalonia, the French privateer Fortune, mount- ing two guns and two swivels, with a crew of 48 men. In ac- complishing this service, the Bri- tish sustained a loss of four killed and nine wounded. June 24. 1340. Battle of Sluts. — On learning the intention of Edward III. to invade France, the French monarch assembled at Sluys a fleet of 250 sail, of which 140 were large ships, and of these 19 were of great size. Early on Sunday morning the 24th June, the two fleets were near each other ; but it was noon ere the tide suited for the en- trance of the English, whose fleet amounted to more than 200 sail. The large ships, manned with archers, were placed in the van, and, between each, a smaller vessel was stationed, containing men-at-arms. The second di- vision, consisting of smaller ves- sels carrying archers, was kept in reserve. The French fleet was in four divisions, and the ships were secured to each other with chains. Quantities of stores were stowed in the tops, and also in small boats hoisted to the mast- head, to be hurled on the as- sailants. At 11 a.m., Edward ordered his fleet to prepare for battle, but to stand off on the starboard tack, to gain the ad- vantage of having the sun at their back. The French, misled by this proceeding, imagining that their adversaries declined the engagement, cast off their lash- ings, and pursued the English. They were, however, shortly un- deceived ; for, having gained the advantage sought, the English bore down upon the enemy, and about noon commenced the fight. The ships clustered together, and 512 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. Jane 26 secured each to its opponent by grapnels, the crews boarded, and all that strength and valour could accomplish on either side was performed. In the end, the French were defeated with terrific slaughter. Several large French ships were captured, and so com- plete was the discomfiture of the van division, that the remainder sought safety in flight. The slain and drowned has been estimated at 25,000, and the loss of the English at 4000. A more des- perate and sanguinary conflict is not on record, and it heralded that martial glory which subse- quently crowned the arms of England at Poitiers and at Cressy. 1795. Capture of Minerve. — The Dido, 28 guns, Capt. G. H. To wry, and the 32 -gun frigate Lowestoffe, near Toulon, sustained a gallant action with the French frigates Minerve, 40 guns, and Artemise, 36, which lasted from 8h. 30m. a. 31. to llh. 45m. A. 3L, when the Minerve surrendered, with loss of 8 killed and 12 wounded. The Artemise escaped. Dido, 6 killed and 15 wounded ; Lowestoffe, 3 wounded. — fHcfral. 1800. The boats of the Re- nown, Defence, and Fisgard, un- der Lieut. Henry Burke, stormed and destroyed a battery of three 24 -pounders, at the entrance of the Quimper River, and two other small forts, which, with their ma- gazines, were also blown up. June 25« 1803. The French corvette, Bacchante, 18 guns, captured by the 40-gun frigate Endymion, after a long chase, in which the Bacchante had 8 killed and 9 wounded. 1809. The Cyanc, 22 guns, Capt. T. Staines, with the Espoir, 18, Capt. Robert Mitford, and 12 gun-boats, were near the isle of Procida, when the French fri- gate Ceres, 42 guns, Fama, 28, and a flotilla of gun-boats, were seen coming out of Pozzuoli bay. The signal was immediately made to weigh, and having a light air from the northward, the British stood towards the enemy. At 8h. 30m., they opened a distant fire, which was returned by the French squadron ; but at 9h. 40m., the firing ceased and the enemy stood in shore. Ischia and Procida surrendered on 25th June, 1809, to the British forces. June 2 6 a 1799. In lat. 39° 30' 1ST., long. 33° W., after chase of four days, the 32-gun frigate Alcmene, Capt. Henry Digby, captured the French frigate-privateer Courageuse, of 28 guns, 12- and 9-pounders, and 250 men. 1808. Two boats from the 64- gun ship Standard, Capt. Thos. Harvey, under Lieut. Richard Cull, and Capt. Edward Nicolls of the marines, boarded and cap- tured the Italian gun-boat Volpe, mounting one long 2 4 -pounder, with a crew of 20 men, near Corfu. 1809. At 6h. 25m., the 22-gun ship Cyane, Capt. Thomas Staines Espoir, 18, Capt. Robert Mitford, with a flotilla of British and Sici- lian gun-boats, having been de- tached to intercept a flotilla of gun-boats bound to Naples, com- menced an attack upon the latter just as they rounded Cape Baia. By the prompt and vigorous fire of the Cyane, the progress of the enemy’s flotilla was checked, and the combined gun -boats enabled to close with and capture eighteen French ^un-boats, and June 27. NAVY. 513 destroy four others. The Cyane, was much cut up, and had two seamen killed and seven wounded. On the same afternoon, the Bri- tish boats landed near point Messino, and spiked four 36- pounders. June 27. 1798. The Seahorse frigate, mounting 46 guns, Capt. E. J. Eoote, on the coast of Sicily, cap- tured French frigate Sensible, of 36 guns, after a defence of ten minutes, in which she had 18 men killed and 37 wounded; Sea- horse, two killed, 1 6 wounded. 1803. Two boats of 38-gun frigate Loire, under the orders of Lieut. Francis Temple, boarded and carried, after a short conflict of ten minutes, the French 10- gun brig Venteux, lying close under the batteries of the isle of Bas. Venteux, three killed, 12 wounded. The British had only 8 wounded. 1809. The 22-gun ship Cyane, mounting 32 guns, Captain T. Staines, in company with 18-gun sloop Espoir, and 23 Sicilian gun-boats, in the bay Pozzuoli, attacked the French 44-gun fri- gate Ceres, Fama of 28 guns, and 20 gun-boats, with which squadron she had been engaged on the two preceding days. At 6h. 50m. p. m., when the Espoir and the flotilla were too far astern to be of any service, and the cor- vette was a mile and a half ahead of the frigate, the Cyane manned her sweeps, and stood towards the Ceres, then about three miles from the mole of Naples. At 7h. 20m. p.m., the Cyane closed her opponent within pistol-shot dis- tance, and engaged her until 8h. 30m. p. m., when the firing ceased on both sides. Being much dis- abled in masts, sails, and ringing, and having her captain and both lieutenants so severely wounded as to quit the deck, the Cyane, under the command of Mr. Joseph Miller, the master, hauled off, and was soon taken in tow by the gun-boats. Her loss amounted to five killed, 20 wounded jHehal. 1813. The boats of 32-gun fri- gate Cerberus and 38-gun fri- gate Apollo, under Lieut. J. W. Montagu, off Otranto, intercepted a convoy protected by eight gun- boats, each carrying one 9- pounder, and two 4-pounders, and a body of French troops as- sembled on the cliffs. The gun- boats were severally boarded, and carried in the most gallant style, and four of the convoy also cap- tured. British loss, 2 killed, one wounded. June 28. 1706. Siege of Alicant The siege having been under- taken by the forces under Adm. Sir George Byng and Sir John Jennings, the battering from five ships, anchored in a line, close under the walls of the town, com- menced early in the morning of the 28th of June. In a short time a breach was effected in the round tower at the west end of the town, and another in the middle of the curtain. The troops then ad- vanced to the breach in the round tower, and all the boats were sent from the fleet to support them. The grenadiers were beaten back; but the seamen and marines hav- ing landed, Capt. John Evans of the Koyal Oak, was the first to mount the breach, and being well supported, succeeded in getting into the town, followed by Capts. William Passenger, of the Boyal Anne, and John Watkins, of the St. George, with a reinforcement; while Sir John Jennings with the 514 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. June 30 marines, took possession of the suburbs. The garrison surren- dered on the 29th; and this im- portant conquest was achieved with no greater loss than 30 killed and 80 wounded. 1719. The Looe, of 40-guns, Capt. Protheroe, captured a large privateer between Corsica and Capri, after an heroic defence, in which the enemy sustained a loss of 80 men in killed and wounded; whilst the Looe had only two men killed. June Z 9 . 1798. Capture of Seine — The French 40- gun frigate Seine, commanded by lieut. de vaisseau Gabriel Bigot, having 280 troops on board, was discovered near the Penmarcks at 7h. a.m. by the British frigates Jason, Pique, and Mermaid, Capts. Charles Stirling, David Milne, and James Newman Newman. After a chase of more than twelve hours, the Pique brought the Seine to action at 9h. p.m.; but the British frigate’s main-topmast being shot away, at 9h. 30m. she dropped astern, and soon afterwards took the ground near Pointe de la Trenche, as did also the Jason. The Seine being dismasted, likewise grounded ; but she continued most gallantly to defend herself, until the Mer- maid arrived up, when she struck her colours. The loss on board the British frigates Jason and Pique amounted to 9 men killed; Capt. Stirling and 17 wounded. The Seine commenced the action j with 610 men, including soldiers; of that number no less than 170 were killed or drowned, and 100 , wounded. 1810. The boats of the Am- 1 pliion, 32, and Cerberus, 32, un- | dcr Lieut. William Slaughter, landed near the town of Groa, j in the gulf of Trieste, when they were attacked by a body of French troops, of whom a sergeant and 38 privates were made prisoners. The British then entered the har- bour and took possession of twenty-five vessels. A detach- ment of French infantry was here attacked by a division of seamen and marines, under Lieut. Slaugh- ter, and an officer and 22 men made prisoners. After great ex- ertions, five vessels were brought off and eleven burnt. The loss in this gallant enterprise amounted to four marines killed ; and Lieut. Brattle, of marines, three seamen, and four marines wounded. The French had ten killed and eight wounded. June 30. 1690. Action off Beachy Head. — The French fleet under the Comte de Tourville, consist- ing of seventy-eight ships of war, principally of large size, mount- ing upwards of 4700 guns, with twenty-two fire-ships, sailed from Brest with the intention of creating a diversion in favour of King James, and with this view made a descent on the coast of Sussex. Intelligence having reached Spithead of the enemy’s approach, the British fleet, under the Earl of Torrington, put to sea on 21st June, and soon gain- ed sight of the French. Being joined by a Dutch squadron of 22 large ships under Vice-Adm. Evertzen, on the 30th, at day- light, Adm. Torrington made the signal to bear up in line abreast; and the Dutch, forming the van, bore down with their accustomed valour, nor did they bring to, until closely engaged by the French van at 9h. a. m. The Blue squa- dron, following the example of their allies, gallantly attacked the July* 1. NAVY. 515 rear of the enemy, but the centre, under the commander-dn-chief, did not show the same disposition to close with their adversaries. The Trench taking advantage of this lukewarmness of the red di- vision, kept their wind, and, pass- ing through the large opening, completely cut off the Dutch squadron ; but the latter fought so determinedly that little impres- sion was made upon them. The fight lasted during the day ; and at 5h. p. m. the combined fleets anchored ; but at 9h. p.m. weighed and retreated to the eastward. One English ship was destroyed, and three Dutch ships sunk. The Earl of Torrington was tried by court-martial and acquitted of all blame. 1707. Sir Cloudesley Shovel having determined to open the passage of the Var, where the Trench were strongly intrenched, Sir John Norris, with four En- glish and one Dutch ship, sailed into the river, and advanced to within musket-shot of the enemy’s works. He then opened such a well-directed fire, that the cavalry and great part of the infantry being quite unprepared, quitted the camp, which Sir Cloudesley Shovel observing, ordered Sir John to land with the seamen and marines, and attack them in flank. This service was so effec- tually performed, that the Trench fled from their intrenchments in confusion, and in the course of half an hour the Duke of Savoy passed up without meeting any resistance. 1803. On 30th June, the Trench, 18-pounder 40-gun fri- gate Creole was captured off St. Domingo by the 74-gun ships Cumberland and Vanguard, Capts. H. W. Bayntun and James Walker. The Creole, in com- mand of Captain Austen Bissell, foundered on her passage to England. July 1. 1719. The 70-gun ship Graf- ton, Captain Nicholas Haddock, chased three Genoese ships, con- veying a reinforcement of 800 soldiers to the Spaniards, with a large supply of military stores. Two were captured, and the third driven on shore. The 70-gun ships Lenox, Breda, and Essex, Capts. C. Strikland, B. Harris, and Bichard Bowsier, heaving in sight during the action, stood towards the stranded ship, and, after engaging the castle, close under which she was on shore, succeeded in burning her. 1780. Bomney and Artois. — Bomney, 50, acting captain B. Home, off Cape Tinisterre, after a close action of 40 minutes, cap- tured Trench 40-gun frigate Artois, with loss of 20 killed, 40 wounded, out of a crew of 460 men ; Bomney, only two wounded. The Artois measured 1159 tons, and was the finest frigate at that time afloat. She was added to the British navy under the same name. July 2. 1781. A small squadron on the North American station, com- manded by Capt. H. T. Evans, in the 28-gun frigate Charleston, consisting, besides, of the 20-gun armed ship Allegiance, Captain David Phipps, 14-gun sloop Vul- ture, Capt. M. Laugharne, with Bupert, George, Vernon, and J ack, armed ships, bound to Cape Breton, with a convoy of 14 sail, was chased by the Trench 40-gun frigates Astree and Hermione. Tinding that the enemy gained but little in the pursuit, Captain L L 2 516 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 3. Evans formed his little squadron in line ahead, and at about 8h. p.m. commenced the action. The Jack, being the most exposed to the enemy’s attack, was com- pelled to surrender ; but the fire of the remaining ships was so well maintained that the French frigates were content with their paltry trophy. During the en- gagement, which lasted two hours, Capt. Evans, with 7 men, were killed on hoard the Charleston, and 29 wounded. The Allegiance had one man killed and 5 wound- ed ; the Vulture, one killed and two wounded ; and the Vernon, 7 killed and 6 wounded. The enemy was lost sight of during the night. 1800. In the night, the boats of the Renown, 74, Rear-Adm. Sir J. B. Warren, Defence, 74, and Fisgard frigate, under Lieut. Henry Burke, were detached to attempt the capture of 20-gun cor- vette Therese, a 12 -gun lugger, a cutter, and two schooners, each mounting 6 guns, anchored inside the sands at the bottom of Noir- moutier bay, under the protec- tion of numerous batteries. At about midnight, the boats, after a very obstinate resistance, cap- tured the corvette, three armed vessels, and fifteen sail of convoy. As the prizes could not be brought out, the whole were effectually destroyed. Having performed this gallant exploit without sus- taining any loss, the boats were returning to their ships ; but, be- fore getting out of reach of the batteries, they grounded on a sandbank, and in ten minutes were left high and dry. In this help- less situation the British became exposed to a fire from the forts, and also from about 400 soldiers. Nothing daunted by their peril- ous condition, part of the boats’ crews managed to gain possession of one of the French row-boats, which still remained afloat; and in this vessel 100 officers and men succeeded, by passing be- tween and over the sands, in reaching their ships ; but ninety- two persons, including Lieuts. Burke, Thompson, and Basing- hall, of the marines, who were wounded, were made prisoners. July 3. 1745. The 24-gun ships Bridge- water and Sheerness, Capts. Lord George Graham and William Gordon, and Ursula, hired armed vessel, Lieut. John Ferguson, fell in with three Dunkirk pri- vateers, mounting twenty-eight, twenty-six, and twelve guns re- spectively. After an obstinate engagement, the whole were cap- tured, together with six prizes which they were escorting to Dunkirk. 1797. Nelson defeats Spanish Gun-boats. — In the night, the boats of the British fleet of 21 sail of the line, blockading Cadiz, despatched under the order of Rear-Adm. Sir Horatio Nelson, to cover the Thunder bomb in throwing shells into the town, were attacked by the Spanish gun-boats and armed launches. A personal encounter took place between the rear-admiral and the Spanish commodore, who, with 26 men, attempted to carry the British boat, whose crew con- sisted of only 15 men; but hav- ing 18 men killed, and himself wounded, the gallant Spaniard was compelled to surrender. The enemy’s flotilla retreated, pursued by the British, and, in the course of the conflict, two mortar-boats were also captured. In this smart affair the British had one killed; the rear-admiral (slightly) and 29 ■wounded. July 4. NAVY. 517 1812. The 16-gun brig Raven, Capt. G. G. Lennock, cruising off the Scheldt, attacked a French flotilla of 14 brigs, each mount- ing three long 24-pounders, and drove four on shore, near Wei- ling. This gallant exploit was performed in sight of the French fleet lying in Flushing. July 4. 1652. Vice-Adm. Sir George Ayscough, who had just returned from the West Indies, — having, on his passage? captured four ships of war and ten merchant ships, — attacked, on the French coast, the St. Ubes fleet of forty sail, thirty of which were either captured or destroyed. 1780. Capture of Capri- cieuse. — French 40-gun frigate Capricieuse, but mounting only 32 guns, captured off Cape Or- tega! by 32-gun frigates Pru- dente and Licorne, Capts. Hon. W. Waldegrave, and T. Cadogan, after a very gallant defence, in which she had 100 men killed and wounded ; Prudente, 1 7 killed, 31 wounded; Licorne, three killed, seven wounded. 1811. At daylight, the boats of the Unite frigate, Capt. E. H. Chamberlayne, cruising on the Italian coast, were sent away, under the orders of Lieut. Joseph Crabb, to cut out an armed brig at anchor off Port Hercule, which proved to be the St. Fran 9 ois-de- Paule, mounting eight guns, lying under the protection of a battery of two 8 -pounders on the beach. The light winds which prevailed, preventing the ap- proach of the ship to co-operate in the attack, Capt. Chamberlayne sent Lieut. John M‘Dougal, in the launch, to support the other boats ; but, before his arrival, the brig was captured, and out of range of the fire from the bat- tery. July 5. 1695. Bombardment of St. Malo. — An expedition against the coast of France, consisting of six English and four Dutch ships of war, and nine galliots, under the command of Lord Berkeley and the Dutch admiral Allemonde, ar- rived of St. Malo on the 4th July, and immediately cannonaded Quince fort. On the 5th, three English and two Dutch mortar- vessels, under Col. Richards, pro- ceeded to attack the forts on one side the channel, while the other was assailed by the Dutch ; and a third division was led by Com- modore Benbow, in the Charles galley. The frigates, anchoring near the forts, commenced the bombardment at 6h. a. m., which continued for some hours with great fury. At 8h. a. m., the town was on fire in several places : the houses being chiefly of wood, were destroyed ; and Quince fort burnt for two hours. The cannonade continued through the day; and in the evening the mortar- vessels, having expended their ammuni- tion, — nearly 9000 shells and car- casses, — put to sea. The loss sus- tained by the allies amounted to sixty killed and wounded. 1797. On this day, a second bombardment of Cadiz took place. The Stromboli, Terror, and Thun- der bombs, which were most ju- diciously placed by Mr. Jackson, master of the Yille de Paris, covered by Theseus, 74, Emerald and Terpsichore frigates, did con- siderable execution in the town. The British loss amounted to 3 men killed and 20 wounded. 1808. Seahorse and Badere Zaffer. — The Seahorse, mount- ing 42 guns, Capt. John Stewart, near the island of Scropolo, in l l 3 518 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 6» the Archipelago, on 5th July brought the Turkish frigate Ba- dere Zaffer, of 52 guns, to close action at 9h. 30m. p. m., and shortly afterwards was also en- . gaged with her consort, the Aliz Fezan, of 2 6 guns ; hut the latter soon bore away from the conflict in a disabled condition. The Badere Zaffer continued to de- fend herself with great obstinacy until daylight, when she sur- rendered, with the loss of 170 killed and 200 wounded, out of a crew of 543 men. The Seahorse, out of a crew of 2 50, had five killed and 10 wounded. — iHctlaL July 6. 1782. Hughes and De Scf- frein. — Having refitted his fleet at Trincomalee, Vice-Adm. Sir Edward Hughes, with eleven sail of the line, arrived at Negapatam on the 24th June. On the 5th July, the enemy, consisting of ten ships of the line, two of 50 guns, 3 frigates, and 2 corvettes, ap- peared in the offing; and at 3 p. m. the British put to sea in pursuit. At daylight on the 6th, the French squadron was seen at anchor, but on the approach of the British, got under way, and stood to the eastward ; upon which Sir Ed- ward, forming his squadron in line ahead, bore up for the enemy — each ship for her proper opponent. The firing commenced at lOh. 40m., which soon became general and lasted until noon, within 200 yards’ distance. About lh. p. m., the French commodore’s second ahead, the Brilliant, lost her mainmast, and the van ship had bore up out of the line. At this moment, when the victory ap- peared to declare for the English, a strong breeze set in from the southward, taking most of the ships aback. The French 64-gun ship Severe fell on board the Sultan, and, after some sharp con- tention, surrendered ; but while the Sultan wore round to join the admiral, the Severe, pouring a broadside into the Sultan, hoisted her colours and made off. The ships were so much cut up in masts and rigging as to be in- capable of following the French squadron, which anchored three leagues to the northward. The loss of the British amounted to 7 7 killed, 233 wounded. The French lost 412 killed, 676 woimded. 1801. Action off Algesiras. — Rear -Adm. Sir James Sau- marez, with six ships of the line, attacked a French squadron under Rear- Adm. D. Linois, consisting of three sail of the line, and a frigate, lying moored in the bay of Algesiras, under the protection of five batteries, mounting heavy ordnance, and 14 gun-boats. As the leading ships at 8h. 45m. a.m. approached their stations, it un- fortunately fell calm, and the Hannibal, 74, Capt. Sol. Ferris, in endeavouring to place herself across the bows of the French admiral, took the ground. In spite of every exertion, she re- mained fast on the rocks; and after being exposed to a destruc- tive fire from the batteries, as well as from the enemy’s ships and gun-boats, for upwards of two hours, the Hannibal, at lh. 35m. p. m., hauled down her colours, haring sustained the loss of 75 killed, 62 wounded, and 6 missing. A light breeze springing up about this time from the north- east, Adm. Linois made the signal for his ships to cut and run ashore. The Formidable, 80, brought up again with her larboard broadside to the enemy. The Desaix, 74, grounded upon a shoal facing the town, and the 80-gun ship In- domptable upon one to the north- July 7. NAVY. 519 east of the isle of Verda. Sir James Saumarez following the Trench admiral’s example, the Caesar cut, but again anchored with the Audacious in a position to bring their broadsides to bear upon the Indomptable. The Venerable and Spencer were prevented by the variable winds getting into action; whilst the Pompee, after remaining an hour without being able to take any part in the second attack, was at length towed out of the bay. At lh. 30m. p. m,, a light air coming off the land, the British ships made sail on the starboard tack, leaving the dis- masted Hannibal in the hands of the enemy. The total British loss amounted to 121 killed, 240 wounded, and 14 missing. The Trench had 306 killed, and about the same number wounded. 1809. Capture of Turieuse. — Bonne Citoyenne, mounting 20 guns, Capt. Wm. Mounsey, near Halifax, captured Trench 40-gun frigate Turieuse (but having only 20 mounted), after an action which lasted from 9h. 10m. a. m. until 6h. 16m. p. m., in which she lost 35 killed, 37 wounded, out of a crew of 200. Bonne Citoyenne, out of 127, had only one man killed and 5 wounded. — JHtfraL 1812. Dictator, 64, Capt. J. P. Stewart, with brigs Calypso, Po- dargus, and Tlamer, attacked and destroyed the Danish 40- gun frigate Nayaden and three 18- gun brigs, 12 miles up a river at Mar doe, on the coast of Norway. In this gallant enterprise the British had 9 killed, 35 wounded. — iWrtral. July 7. 1800. Dart and Desiree.— Tour Trench 40 -gun frigates, lying at anchor in Dunkirk roads, were attacked about midnight by the 30-gun corvette Dart, Capt. Patrick Campbell, with two brigs and four fire-ships. The Dart, after being hailed by the outer- most frigate, passed on unmo- lested until she came abreast of the third ship, with which she exchanged broadsides, and then, reaching the innermost, — the De- siree, — ran her on board, the jib- boom passing under the frigate’s forestay. Lieut. James M‘Der- meit, at the head of fifty men, immediately sprang upon her forecastle, and in a short time gained possession of the upper deck. Lieutenant W. J. Pearce, speedily arriving with a second di- vision, soon reduced the enemy to submission ; and in fifteen minutes from the commencement of the attack, the Desiree was underway. This gallant exploit was achieved with the loss of one seaman killed ; Lieut. M‘Dermeit, James Hall, master’s mate, and nine men wounded ; while the loss on board the Desiree was computed at one hundred killed and wounded. In the meantime the brigs and two cutters engaged the gun- boats ; and though the fire- vessels were not abandoned until com- pletely in flames, the frigates, by cutting their cables, avoided them. The Desiree was brought out, and being a fine ship of 1015 tons, was commissioned by the same name. — JMstfaL 1805. Lieut. Robert Pigot, in the Matilda, of ten guns, tender to the 38-gun frigate Cambrian, on 3rd July proceeded to the attack of an armed ship, mounting 8 guns and 50 men, which, with a Spanish schooner-privateer, of 6 guns and 70 men, and a cap- tured vessel, were moored across St. Mary’s river, twelve miles from the entrance. On the 7th, the Matilda having grounded, Lieut. Pigot took to the boats, LL 4 520 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 8; boarded and carried the armed ship, and with her guns com- pelled the enemy to abandon the privateer and her prize. Owing to adverse winds, it was not until the 21st that the Lieut, could descend the river with his prizes, and rejoin the Cambrian. Two men were killed ; Lieut. Pigot, two midshipmen, and twelve sea- men wounded. The Spaniards had 25 killed and 22 wounded. 1809. A squadron, consisting of Implacable and Bellerophon, of 74 guns, Melpomene, 38-gun frigate, and Prometheus sloop, cruising off the coast of Finland, discovered eight Russian gun- boats at anchor under Hango head, each armed with a long 24- and one long 32-pounder, and a crew of 46 men ; with twelve merchant vessels anchored under Porcolo point. The position they had taken was one of extraordi- nary strength, being betwixt two rocks, whence a destructive fire could be poured upon any force that assailed them. Seventeen boats, under the command of Lieut. Joseph Hawkey, containing 270 officers and men, proceeded to the attack at 9h. p. m. Not a shot was fired until close alongside, when the British seamen and marines boarded and carried all before them. Six gun-boats were cap- tured, one sunk, and one escaped; 12 vessels laden with powder and provisions, and a large armed ship, were also captured. Lieut. Hawkey, after carrying one gun- boat, was killed by a grape-shot while boarding a second. His last words were “Huzza! push on ; England for ever ! ” The British loss amounted to Lieuts. Hawkey and James Stirling, and 15 killed, and 37 wounded. The Russians had 63 killed; and of the 157 prisoners, 51 were wounded. July 8. 1695. Granville bombarded. — A squadron of eight frigates, under Commodore Benbow, bom- barded the town of Granville; and, leaving the town in flames, proceeded on the same day on a similar service to Havre. 1778. On 8th July, the 14-gun sloop Ostrich, Captain Peter Rainier, with 10-gun brig, Lowe- stoffe’s prize, captured, after an action of three hours, the Ame- rican privateer Polly, 16 guns and 23 swivels, with a crew of 170 men, of whom 30 were killed. On board the Ostrich, four men were killed, Captain Rainier and 30 wounded. Captain Rainier was wounded by a musket-ball through the left breast; he could not, however, be persuaded to go below, but remained on deck until the close of the action. He was posted, and appointed to the command of the 64-gun ship Burford. 1810. Reduction of Isle of Bourbon. — In the month of May, Capt. Josias Rowley, command- ing the squadron cruising off the Isle of France, having determined on making a descent upon the island of Bourbon, embarked from Rodriguez 3650 European and native troops, under Lieut.-Col. Keating, with which the squadron arrived on 7th July, consisting of Boadicea, 38, Sirius, 36, Iphi- genia, 36, Magicienne, 36, and Nereide, 36, and 18-gun sloop Otter. Under the superintendence of Lieut. J. W. Watling of the Sirius, a division of the troops landed without sustaining any loss; but on the opposite side of the island, where the access was more difficult, the schooner Esta- fette was knocked to pieces and four men drowned. Owing to the badness of the weather, some little July 9 . NAVY. 521 delay occurred in landing the re- mainder of the force; but that being effected, the island of Bour- bon capitulated on the 8th July. 1854. Attack of Sulina. — Capt. Hyde Barker, in his gig, with the boats from the Bire- brand and Vesuvius, proceeded at 2h. p.m. up the Danube, for the purpose of destroying some works which were occupied by the Rus- sians. At the bend of the river, opposite a number of houses on the right bank and a large stock- ade on the left, a sharp fire was opened upon the gig, and some of the men wounded. Capt. Parker at once pulled back to the other boats, hailing to land the marines and be ready to storm. This order was executed by the marines and a detachment of seamen in the same gallant spirit with which it was given. Capt. Parker then dashed on shore in his gig, and at once advanced with a few men. A fire was soon opened by the enemy upon them, and a few minutes after landing a bullet passed through their leader’s heart. The command of the force then devolved upon Com- mander R. A. Powell, who di- rected the gun-boats and rocket- boat at once to be brought to the front ; and the enemy’s fire having been silenced, the storming party, under Lieut. Jull, R. M. A., en- tered the place at a run ; but the enemy had already retreated at the rear, and so thick was the cover that pursuit was in vain. The work was a gabion battery, the guns of which had been taken away and the embrasures filled up. It consisted of a front along the river, raised about 15 feet high, and 400 yards in extent. In the rear was a morass, and the two flanks, which were not 30 yards in length, were defended as in front. About 50 government houses, stables, storehouses, and a magazine, were entirely demo- lished, the houses destroyed, and nothing now marks the spot but a heap of ruins. There was no means of computing the enemy’s loss, although they were seen to fall inside theintrenchments. Mr. Carey, second master, was badly wounded. July 9 . 1745. Lion and Elizabeth. — The 5 8 -gun ship Lion, Capt. Percy Brett, in lat. 47° 57' N., fell in with expedition of Charles Edward to the coast of Scotland, and brought to action the French 64-gun ship Elizabeth, which she engaged for nearly five hours. The Lion having lost her mizen- mast, fore and main-topsail yards, * the Elizabeth, taking advantage of her antagonist’s helpless condition, made sail and escaped. The loss of the Lion amounted to 55 killed and 107 wounded; Capt. Brett, all three lieutenants, and the master, among the latter. The loss on board the Elizabeth was afterwards ascertained to have been 64 men killed and 140 wounded. 1806. Capture of Bellone. — The French 34-gun frigate- privateer Bellone, Capt. Jaques Perrond, was captured off Ceylon, after a chase and running fight of two hours, by the 74-gun ship Powerful, Capt. Robert PI ampin; which ship had two men killed and eleven wounded, and the Bellone one man killed and six wounded. 1810. During the operations on shore at the reduction of the Isle of Bourbon on 8th July, Capt. Pym, observing a brig get under way from the bay of St. Paul, despatched Lieut. George Ri Norman, in the barge of the 522 CALENDAK OF VICTOKY. July 10. Sirius, at llh. p. M. on the 9th, to cut her off. After a hard pull, and after some resistance, in which three of his boat s crew were wounded, he captured the Edward privateer, of 245 tons, pierced for sixteen, but mounting only four 12-pounders, with a crew of thirty men. 1810. Eeduction of Banda Neira. — On 8th July, a squadron, consisting of Caroline and Pie- montaise frigates, Capts. C. Cole and C. Foote, and 18 -gun brig Bar- racouta, Capt. Kerah, arrived off Banda Neira, which is about two miles in length and half a mile in breadth. It was protected by ten sea-batteries and the castle of Belgica, mounting 52 pieces of heavy ordnance, commanding the Nassau castle, also of considerable strength; and the island mount- ed altogether 138 guns. On the 9th, Capt. Cole, with 140 seamen and marines and 40 soldiers, ef- fected a landing just before day- break. After gaining possession of a battery and making 60 men prisoners, castle Belgica was carried by storm, just as day- light appeared; and in course of the day 1500 regulars and militia laid down their arms. Thus was the conquest of this valuable colony achieved without the loss of a man on the part of the Bri- tish. — July 10. 1745. Action near New- foundland. — The Prince Fre- deric, of 28 guns, Capt. Talbot, and 240 men, and Duke, Capt. Morecock, of 20 guns and 134 men, two privateers fitted out by the merchants of London, cruising near the banks of New- foundland, early in the morning fell in with the Marquis d’Antin. of 24-guns and 68 men, Lewis Erasmus, of 2 8 -guns, 66 men, and Notre Dame, of 22-guns and 60 men, on their return to St. Malo, after having been out four years in the South Seas, richly laden, and having treasure to the value of 680,000?. The British bore down, and the Prince Frederic placing herself close alongside to leeward of the Marquis d’Antin, after an action of three hours’ duration, compelled her to sur- render. Capt. Talbot then closed with the Lewis Erasmus, and, after a severe contest of more than two hours, compelled her also to strike her colours. The third ship, al- though for some time pursued by the Duke, effected her escape. The Prince Frederic had one lieutenant and five men killed, and twenty-five wounded; the Duke, seven killed and eight wounded. The Lewis Erasmus had her captain and one man killed, and four wounded ; the Marquis d’Antin, her captain and six men killed, and eight wounded. The prizes being totally dismasted, were towed into Kinsale bay, Ireland. 1808. Attack of Port D’Anzo. — The boats of the 22- gun ship Porcupine, under the orders of Lieut. George Price, having on the preceding day compelled two gun-boats, each armed with a long 24-pounder, and 30 men, and a polacre, mounting six long 6-poundcrs, with a crew of 30 men, to take shelter under the batteries of Port D’Anzo, on the coast of lvomania, resolved to attempt the capture of the polacre. As soon as it became dark, the boats pulled in, and notwithstanding the po- lacre was moored to the beach, which was lined with soldiers, and lay. within pistol-shot of two batteries, a tower, and three gun- July 11. NAVY. 523 boats, she was gallantly boarded and brought out, but with loss of eight men wounded, and among that number Lieut. Price severely. —Mtl ral- July 11. 1798. Boats at Aguada — The boats of the 44-gun ship Begulus, Capt. George Eyre, com- manded by Lieut. John Good, accompanied by Lieut. William Holman and Master’s Mate Thomas Pinch, were sent to at- tempt the capture of five ves- sels at anchor in Aguada bay, under the protection of some batteries. Three vessels were captured and brought off. Mr. Einch, who was killed by a grape-shot was the only loss sustained in effecting this credit- able service. 1803. The 18-gun brig Ra- coon, Capt. Austin Bissell, at- tacked the French brig Lodi, mounting 10 guns, lying in Leo- gane roads, San Domingo, and, after an action of 40 minutes, compelled her to surrender, with loss of one killed and 14 wounded. 1806. The barge of the 32-gun frigate Minerva, near Oporto, commanded by Lieut. W. H. Mulcaster, boarded and carried the Spanish lugger-privateer, Buena Dicha, mounting one long 8 -pounder, and having a crew of 26 men, one of whom was killed and five wounded. 1804. Boats at La Vaudour. — Ten boats from the frigates Narcissus, Seahorse, and Maid- stone, under the orders of Lieut. John Thompson, at midnight at- tacked 12 settees at La Yaudour, in Hyeres bay, moored close to the beach, and protected by a battery of three guns. In the face of a tremendous fire of grape and musketry, the settees were boarded and set on fire. This gallant affair was not accom- plished without a severe loss on the part of the British ; one mid- shipman and four men were killed ; one lieutenant, four mid- shipmen, and 18 men wounded. July 3.2. 1346. Invasion of France. — King Edward, failing in his negotiations for the allegiance of Flanders, a large fleet was fitted out to enforce his pretensions. On the 10th July, the king embarked at the Isle of Wight, and on the 11th sailed with a fleet estimated at 1100 large ships and 500 small vessels. The Prince of Wales ac- companied his father, and the ex- pedition was composed of nu- merous noblemen and knights, 4000 men-at-arms, 10,000 archers, and a body of Irish and Welsh soldiers. On the 12th, a land- ing was effected at La Hogue, but it took six days to disem- bark the horses, troops, and stores. Eleven large ships were burnt at La Hogue, many others at Barfleur, and the towns were subsequently ravaged and burnt for a distance of 120 miles. 1694. The town of Dieppe was bombarded until the place was nearly levelled. Lord Berkeley next proceeded to Havre, which underwent similar treatment. 1801. Combined Squadron defeated. — The French squa- dron, of three sail of the line and a frigate, that had been at- tacked in Algesiras bay, as re- lated on the 6th July, having been reinforced by a division from Cadiz, put to sea at noon on the 12th, with*a fresh breeze from the eastward. Rear-Adm. Sir James Saumarez, with his re- 524 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 13. fitted ships, immediately made sail in pursuit ; his squadron consisting of Caesar, 80, Vene- rable, Superb, Spencer, and Au- dacious, of 74 guns, Thames fri- gate, and Calpe sloop. The combined force consisted of two ships of 112, one of 96, three of 80, three of 74 guns, and three frigates. At llh. 30m. p. m., the Superb being considerably ahead of the other British ships, opened her fire upon the San Carlos, of 112 guns, whose fore-topmast falling over her guns, the ship caught fire, and shortly after midnight she blew up ; but she had previously fallen on board the other first-rate, the San Her- menegildo, which also exploded. In the meantime the Superb closed with, and captured the 74-gun ship St. Antoine, which ship suffered severely ; but the Su- perb had only 15 wounded. The remainder of the combined squa- dron reached Cadiz ; but not until the 80-gun ship Formi- dable had sustained a gallant action with the Venerable and Thames. The British 74 opened her fire at 5h. 20m. A. m., and the two opponents continued en- gaging until 7h. 50m., when the Venerable having lost her fore and main masts and main-top- mast, and having 18 men killed and 87 wounded, ceased firing. At 8h. her mizen-mast fell, as the ship had grounded on the reef of rocks off St. Pedro. At 2h. p. m., by the assistance of the boats of the squadron, the Venerable was hove off, and taken in tow by the Thames frigate. She eventually reached Gibraltar. — iHctlaT. 1804. The 36-gun frigate Aigle, Capt. George Wolf, drove on shore near die Cordouan light- house, and dc^rroyed the French corvette Charente, and a brig of 8 guns. 1813. Capture op the Ana- conda. — On the 12th July, a landing was effected at Ocracoke, North America, by an expedition commanded by Capt. Ross of the Albion, 74. The division of flat rowing-boats was commanded by Lieut. George A. Westphal; the heavier boats by Captain David Paterson of the Fox; and Capt. Baker, of the Conflict, the armed vessels and tenders. On rounding a point of the bay, a brig and a schooner opened fire, upon which the division under Lieut. West- phal, covered by rockets, attacked and carried them. The prizes were the Anaconda brig, of eighteen long 9 -pounders, and a letter-of-marque schooner of ten guns. The Anaconda was com- missioned, and the command con- ferred on her gallant captor. July 13. 1795. Action off Hyeres. — Admiral William Hotham, with a fleet of twenty-three ships of the line, near Hyeres, attacked a French fleet of seventeen sail of the line, under Vice-Admiral Martin. The action commenced at 1 p. m., and ceased at 2h. 42m. p. m., by signal from the admiral, at a period when four or five British ships were closing with the enemy’s rear. In twenty minutes the Alcide, 74, was so dis- abled by the fire of the Victory and Culloden, that she ceased firing, and at 2h. struck her co- lours. The Culloden having lost her main-topsail-yard, and the Victory’s fore-topsail-yard being shot away, and the ship otherwise disabled, the Cumberland passed them, and attacked the Justice frigate, which, with the Alcestc, had approached to take the Al- cide in tow ; but she had barely taken up her position to engage. GrvatfraLcfv, sc. SHE JTAM1S § -SAHJUfiARBlS, ]R.B. AT THE AGE OF 15. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS July 14. NAVY. 525 when the signal to discontinue the action was made by the Britannia. When the recall was made by Admiral Hotham, the Blenheim, Gibraltar, Captain, and some others were closing with the rear of the enemy ; but those ships haying wore, in obedience to the signal of the commander-in-chief, the French fleet, unmolested, pro- ceeded to Frejus bay. The loss of the British amounted to no more than 11 killed and 27 wounded. The Alcide, 7 4 guns, which had surrendered, afterwards took fire and blew up. 1809. Senegal surrenders. — A British force under Capt. Ed- ward Henry Columbine, consist- ing of 32-gun frigate Solebay, 18 -gun brig Derwent, Command- er Fred. Parker, and 12-gun brig Tigris, Lieutenant Robert Bones, with a transport conveying 166 soldiers of the African corps, under Major C. W. Maxwell, and some small vessels, anchored off Sene- gal on the 7th July, and on the 8th the boats with the troops got over the bar ; but Capt. Parker and one midshipman were un- fortunately drowned in the surf. Major Maxwell, with the troops and marines, numbering alto- gether about 210 men, landed without opposition on the left bank of the river, and took up a position. On the 9th, the French moved out to attack this force, but, finding them in greater strength than was expected, retired to a line of defence atBabague, con- sisting of a boom across the river and a battery on the south point of the island. On the 10th, the Solebay and Derwent cannon- aded the fort with considerable effect ; but in course of the en- suing night, the frigate went on shore and became totally wrecked. On the 12th, the troops re-em- barked, and the flotilla proceeded up the river until within gun- shot of fort Babague ; when all being in readiness for a night attack, the French commandant proposed to capitulate, and on the 13th the colony of Senegal surrendered to the British arms. July 14. 1780. Capture of Belle Poule. — The 64-gun ship Non- such, Capt. Sir James Wallace, cruising off Belleisle, chased a French convoy, under the pro- tection of three frigates, but, with the exception of one (the Legere) which took the ground, the whole succeeded in entering the Loire. While the boats were employed in effecting the destruction of the grounded ship, three large ships were discovered in the offing making signals. The Nonsuch thus attracted, was soon under sail to close the strangers ; and about midnight overtook the sternmost, which was 32 -gun fri- gate Belle Poule, Capt. the Che- valier de Kergariou. After an action of two hours duration, the enemy was compelled to surrender, having lost, out of a crew of 275, twenty-five men killed, including her gallant commander ; the ma- jority of the officers, and fifty men wounded. The prize, measur- ing 902 tons, was added to the British navy under the same name. The other two frigates effected their escape. 1809. Attack of Carri Lieut. Henry R. Battersby, at the head of a party of seamen from the 18-gun brig Scout, Capt. Wm. Raitt, attacked a strong battery commanding the port of Carri, situated between Marseilles and the Rhone, and carried the post without loss. For his gallantry on this and similar occasions, 526 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 16. Lieut. Battersby was promoted to the rank of commander. — Jftzl faL July 15. 1796. Glatton and French Squadron. — The Glatton, Capt. H. Trollope, mounting 56 guns, 68 -pounder carronades, on the coast of Flanders, fell in with a French squadron, consisting of a ship of 50 guns, two of 40 guns, one of 28 guns, and two corvettes of 22 guns. At 8h. p.m., the Glatton steered for the French ships, which were by this time formed in line on the larboard tack. At 9h. 45m. A.M., closing with the Brutus (a razeed 64-gun ship), the second in the van, Capt. Trollope ordered her to strike. French colours were instantly dis- played, and the whole squadron opened their fire. After receiving the terrific broadside of the Glat- ton, the van ship, which was ahead of the British ship’s oppo- nent, tacked, and in passing to windward of the Glatton, received the fire of that ship’s larboard guns. The remainder of the French ships also tacked, as did the Glatton, after raking her op- ponent while on stays. The enemy shortly afterwards made sail out of gun-shot, and on the following day the squadron entered Flush- ing. The Glatton had none killed, and only two wounded. 1798. Capture of Dorotea. — The 64-gun ship Lion, Capt. Manley Dixon, when near Car- thagena, attacked four Spanish 34-gun frigates, and, after ex- changing some broadsides with three of them as they passed her to windward, closed with the i fourth, the Dorotea, which she j captured after a gallant defence, j The Spanish frigate had 20 killed and 32 wounded. Out of a crew of 371 men, the Lion had only two wounded. 1806. Capture of Cesar Twelve boats from the British squadron cruising off Rochefort, under the orders of Lieut. E. R. Sibly, at midnight attacked the French 1 6-gun brig Cesar, having a crew of 86 men, anchored in Verdon roads, perfectly prepared. She w'as nevertheless gallantly boarded, and after a short con- flict, earned, but with severe loss. On the part of the British, Lieut. Thomas Helpman and seven men were killed; Lieuts. Sibly, D. Tait, T. Parker, R. Shepperdson, and 38 wounded. Total, 9 killed and 39 wounded. — iFUlJal. July 16. 1797. A frigate squadron, under Commodore Sir T. B. Warren, drove on shore the French 2 8 -gun frigate Calliope in Audierne bay. The 18-gun brig Sylph, Capt. J. C. White, then stood close in, and opened so effective a fire on the frigate, that on the following day the stranded ship went to pieces. Several vessels under convoy of Calliope were taken and burnt by the squadron. The Sylph had 6 men wounded. 1812. Capture of Eole. — Three boats from the 18-gun sloop Osprey, and 10-gun brigs Britomart and Leveret, under the orders of Lieut. William Henry Dixon, went in chase of a French lugger-privateer, near Heligo- land. Arriving up with the enemy at 3h. p.m., she was gallantly boarded ; and, after a struggle of ten minutes, her colours were hauled down. She proved to be the Eole, pierced for 14 guns, but having only six mounted, with a j crew of 31 men. The British j sustained a loss of two killed* July 18, NAVY. 527 Lieut Dixon and eleven men wounded. July 17. 1707. Toulon bombarded. — An attempt was made upon Tou- lon by tbe combined English and Dutch forces, aided by the fleet under Sir Cloudesley Shovel. One hundred guns were landed from the different ships for the bat- teries, accompanied by a great number of men to serve in them. Sir Thomas Dilkes, with the fleet, bombarded the town, and the French sustained considerable loss ; eight of their largest ships were burnt, several magazines, and one hundred and thirty houses destroyed. 1761. Capture of Achille. — The 74-gun ship Thunderer, Capt. Chas. Proby, having chased from a small squadron, cruising off Cadiz, came up with the French 64-gun ship Achille, and com- menced a very sharp action, when one of the Thunderer’s quarter- deck guns burst, and blew up a part of the poop, killing and wounding many men, and set the ship on fire. By great exertion the danger was stayed; and the chase having been resumed, the Thunderer ran the enemy on board. Lieutenant Charles Leslie, at the head of 150 men, gallantly sprang upon her deck, and, after a sharp resistance, carried her. The Thunderer had 17 killed and 113 wounded, but this loss was prin- cipally occasioned by the bursting of the gun. On the same day, the consort of the Achille, the Buffon, 32 guns, was captured by the 32 -gun frigate Thetis, Capt. John Moutray. July 18. 1545. French Invasion de- feated. — The French armament which menaced England in this year, consisted of 150 large ships and sixty vessels of a lesser size, besides galleys. King Henry, on learning of the approach of this formidable force, arrived at Ports- mouth to expedite the equipment of 100 sail of ships, then getting ready at that port. On the ap- pearance of the enemy off St. Helen’s, he ordered all the ships ready for sea to proceed to the attack. The Mary Rose, of 60 guns, in passing through Spit- head, was, unfortunately, upset in a squall, and sunk. Sir George Carew and his ship’s company, except 35, perished. The loss of this ship was owing to the low- ness of her ports, which were not more than sixteen inches from the water. The whole force which the English had to oppose to the powerful fleet of the enemy did not exceed sixty ships ; never- theless the French contented themselves with making a de- monstration, landing a few men on the Isle of Wight, and by attacking Brighton. The chief part of the fighting took place between the row-galleys of the French and some of the English ships, the Great Harry bearing the brunt. In this action the English had pinnaces, which were of great length and narrow, using both sails and oars. These at- tacked the French galleys with great success, and completely routed them. 1692. The 50-gun ship St. Albans, Captain Richard Fitz- patrick, in the English Channel, captured after a short engage- ment a French 3 6 -gun frigate having on board, in addition to her proper complement, 200 sea- men and soldiers, of whom forty were killed or wounded. St. Albans, four killed and seven wounded. 528 CALENDAK OF VICTOKY. July 21, July 19. 1806. Blanche and Guer- riere. — Early in July, the Phoebe and Thames frigates, lying in Leith roads, were directed to proceed to the Shetland islands in search of three French frigates that had been doing much in- jury to the Greenland fisheries. Captain Thomas Lavie, in the 38 -gun frigate Blanche, was ordered to take the above-named ships under his orders ; but the Thames and Phoebe, on arriving at the appointed rendezvous as- certaining that one of the French frigates had parted company, quitted the station. On the 13th of July the Blanche arrived at the rendezvous ; and Capt. Lavie, receiving information that a French frigate had been seen off the Faro islands, immediately proceeded in pursuit. On the 18th, at lOh. 3m. a.m., a large ship was descried bearing north- east, which proved to be the French 40-gun frigate Guerriere, Capt. Hubert. At 3h. p.m., the stranger, discovering that the Blanche was not one of her com- panions, bore up under all sail. The Blanche gained rapidly in the pursuit, and at a little past midnight opened her fire, and poured two broadsides into her antagonist before the Guerriere returned a shot. A close action was maintained until lh. 30m. a.m. on the 19th, when the Guer- riere, having lost her mizen-top- mast, hauled down her colours. No one was killed on board the Blanche ; but Lieut. Bastin and three men were wounded. The loss of the Guerriere amounted to twenty-two men killed and thirty wounded. The two ships were nearly equal in point of guns ; but the French crew was very sickly, and many men were unable to go to their quarters. The Guerriere was added to the British navy as a 3S-gun frigate. July 20. 1814. Bear- Admiral George Cockbum, in command of a squadron lying in Chesapeake bay, on being joined by a batta- lion of marines and a detachment of artillery, determined to pro- ceed up "the Potomac and at- tack St. Leonard’s, the capital of St. Mary’s County, where the 36th United States regiment was quartered. On the 20th, the marines, commanded by Major George Lewis, disembarked, while the boats pulled to the town ; but the Americans, observing the ad- vance of the marines, quitted the place and suffered the British to take quiet possession. A quan- tity of military stores, as also of tobacco, flour, and provisions, were found here ; the former were destroyed ; but the latter, together with a schooner, were brought away. The town was, however, spared, not a musket haring been fired ; which was most probably owing to the orders pro- mulgated by the rear-admiral, namely, to refrain from all vio- lence or destruction, where none was offered by the inhabitants. July 21. 1588. Arrival of the Ar- mada. — The Spanish Armada, consisting of 132 large ships, each carrying 44 S tons burden, with numerous smaller vessels, mounting in all 3165 pieces of brass ordnance, carrying 21,855 soldiers, 8776 mariners, and 2688 galley slaves, commanded by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, sailed from the Tagus on 13th June ; July 22. NAVY 529 and on the 19th July this for- midable armament appeared in the English Channel. The in- telligence reaching the lord high admiral, his lordship put to sea on the same day; and on the 20th the remainder of the fleet, amount- ing to fifty-four sail, stood off shore in search of the enemy, which were soon discovered in line abreast, near seven miles in ex- tent, steering up Channel. The lord high admiral, waiting for further reinforcement from Ply- mouth, did not attempt to arrest their progress ; but, being joined on the following day, the 21st, by many ships, increasing his force to one hundred sail, he at- tacked the enemy’s rear. Drake, Hawkins, and Eorbisher also gallantly brought them to action, so effectually, that the Spanish fleet was thrown into great con- fusion. The English ships, al- though insignificant in point of size, possessed the advantages of being easily handled and sailing well ; they therefore attacked their enemies wherever they ap- peared most vulnerable and in disorder. At length the British admiral thought fit to recall his ships, to await the junction of forty ships from Plymouth. During the night the wind increased, and several Spanish ships got foul of each other and were much da- maged. Among them a galleon, which, having lost her foremast and bowsprit, became a prize to Sir Erancis Drake. The lord high admiral, having closely fol- lowed the Armada during the night, found himself with his im- mediate followers a long distance in advance of the body of the fleet. The further proceedings of the Armada are related under date of 23rd July. 1812. SEALARK AND VlLLE DE Caen. — The Sealark schooner, of 10-guns and 60 men, Lieut. Thomas Warrand, cruising off the Start, captured the French lugger Ville de Caen, 16 guns, 75 men. After a close action of one hour and 30 minutes, Mr. James Bea- ver, acting master, at the head of a few men, sprang on board, and in a few minutes carried the lug- ger. Sealark, 7 killed, Lieut. Warrand and 21 wounded. The Ville de Caen had her captain and 14 killed, and 16 wounded. — MrtaX. July 22 a 1801. Capture op Chevrette. — On the 21st July, the boats of the Beaulieu, Doris, and Uranie frigates, and two of the 74-gun ship Robust, under command of Lieut. W. Losack, of the Ville de Paris, numbering in all fifteen, and containing 280 men, at 9h. 30m. p. m. proceeded to the attack of the French 20-gun corvette Chevrette, moored under the batteries of Camaret, at the entrance of Brest harbour, having on board, including troops em- barked expressly for her defence, 339 men. Soon after the boats put off, Lieut. Losack with five, separated in chase of a strange boat. /The remainder having waited for some time, Lieut. Keith Maxwell determined to proceed with the boats then with him, which contained about 180 officers and men. At 1 a. m. on the 22nd, the Chevrette opened a heavy discharge of grape and musketry, accompanied by vol- leys from the shore; but, nothing daunted, the British dashed gal- lantly on. The Beaulieu’s boats, under Lieuts. Maxwell and Pasley, and Lieutenant of Marines J. Sinclair, boarded on the starboard bow and quarter, the Uranie’s, under Lieut. M. Neville, one from the Roebuck, under Midshipman si M 530 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 22 R. Warren, and one from the Doris, under Lieut. Walter Burke, on the larboard bow. They were gallantly resisted by the enemy, who in their turn boarded the boats ; but the assailants overcame this formidable opposition, and having gained a footing on the decks of the corvette, the topmen fought their way aloft, laying out on the yards, in spite of every means of obstruction having been taken. The French, perceiving their sails fall, and the ship under way, were seized with astonish- ment and consternation : some leaped overboard, whilst others threw away their arms and ran down the hatchways. The bat- teries continued to fire at the ship, hut a light breeze from the north-east soon drove her out of range. About this time the divi- sion under Lieut. Losack arrived alongside the captured ship. This gallant exploit was perform- ed in the presence of the com- bined fleets of France and Spain, by an officer on his own judg- ment and responsibility, and whose intrepidity and presence of mind, seconded by the won- derful exertion of the officers and men under his command, suc- ceeded in effecting an enterprise wffiich, by those who reflect upon its peculiar circumstances, wdll ever be regarded with admiration and astonishment. The loss on the part of the British amounted to one lieutenant of marines (James Sinclair', one midshipman (Robert Warren), 7 seamen, and two marines killed : two lieute- nants (Martin Neville and Walter Burke, the latter mortally), three midshipmen, (Edward Crof- ton, Edward Bym, and Robert Finnis), 43 seamen, and nine marines wounded : total, 1 1 kill- ed, 57 wounded. The Chevrette had her captain, 6 officers, and 85 men killed ; 5 officers and 57 wounded : total, 92 killed, 62 wounded. — iHebal. 1805. Battle off Ferrol. — Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Calder, with 1 5 sail of the line, consisting of the Prince of Wales, Glory, Barfleur, Windsor Castle, of 98 guns, Malta, 80, Thunderer, Hero, Repulse, Defiance, Ajax, War- rior, Dragon, Triumph, of 74, Aga- memnon and Raisonable, of 64 guns, when about 40 leagues NW. of Cape Finnisterre, in the morning fell in with the com- bined French and Spanish fleet, under Vice-Admiral Villeneuve, consisting of 20 sail of the line, seven frigates, and two brigs. At 3h. 30m. p. m., the enemy having formed a close line of battle stood on, under easy sail. The British being at the time nearly abeam, about seven miles dis- tant ; but owing to the fog, nei- ther fleet was more than partially visible to each other. The signal to tack and engage the enemy was made at 3h. 20m., and at 3h. 30m. the Hero, the leading ship, hove in stays. At 4h. 21m., the signal w r as made to tack in succession ; and it appears that the same sig- nal was made by each command- er-in-chief at the same time; but the weather w 7 as so thick, that neither fleet saw the com- mencement of the other’s ma- noeuvre. The Sirius frigate hav- ing made an attempt to cut off the galleon in tow of a frigate at the rear of the enemy’s line, in- duced the combined van to w r ear round to afford support ; and this manoeuvre brought them in imme- diate contact with the British van at about 5h. 20m. p. m., when the Hero, on perceiving that the enemy had come round on the starboard tack, w r hich the fog concealed from the ships in her w ake, tacked and opened a tire July 23. NAVY 531 from her starboad guns.- Precisely at this moment, when the Hero tacked to starboard, the sixth British ship from the van, the Windsor Castle, tacked to port. By 6h. p. m., all the British ships except the Dragon, which was to leeward, working up, had gone round on the starboard tack, and found opponents ; but what with the fog and the smoke, no ship could see much beyond her length. The San Rafael, 8 0,Eirme andEspana of 74-guns, having dropped to leeward, became warmly engaged. The Pluton, 74, gallantly bore up to support her consorts, but being powerfully opposed by the lead- ing British ships, she with some difficulty regained her station. Being, however, supported by the Mont Blanc and Atlas, the gal- lant Cosmao Kerjulien a second time interposed between his allies and the British, and in this in- stance succeeded in rescuing the Espana. Soon after 8h. p. m., the Eirme, with loss of main and mizen masts, and San Rafael, with main-topmast gone, surren- dered, and at 8h. 25m. Sir Robert Calder made the signal to discon- tinue the action; but the firing did not entirely cease until 9h. 30m. p. m. The loss on board the prizes amounted to about 600 killed and wounded. The total loss of the British, 41 killed and 162 wounded. July 23. 1588. Progress of the Ar- mada. — A second engagement took place between the British, under the lord high admiral and the Spanish Armada. The wind having changed to north- east, the Spanish fleet was under the necessity of bringing on an engagement, and at daybreak bore down upon the English, who tacked to the westward. In a short time the action commenced. Confusion reigned triumphant ; and it is probable that the En- glish were as much indebted to the shot of the Spaniards for their success, as to their own. The diminutive size of the English ships preserved them from injury, the shot of their lofty adversaries passing harmlessly over them. The wind blowing fresh with a heavy sea, increased the confusion of the Spaniards, whilst the active, well-handled ships of the English committed great devastation with comparative impunity ; and suc- ceeded in capturing a large Venetian ship with some smaller vessels. Having nearly expended their ammunition, the lord high admiral, on the 24th, availed himself of the respite to bring his fleet into better order. He divided his ships into four squa- drons, himself commanding one in the Ark Royal, and commit- ting the other three to the charge of Sir Erancis Drake in the Revenge, Sir John Hawkins in the Victory, and Capt. Martin Eorbisher in the Triumph. On the 25th, the fight was renewed. The Armada had reached as far up Channel as the Isle of Wight, when Sir John Hawkins having captured the St. Anne, a Portu- guese galleon, three galleases ap- proached to her rescue ; but these were at length beaten oh' with much loss, by the Ark Royal and Golden Lion. It was nearly calm when this action took place, both fleets looking on, but neither being able to take a part, with the exception of the two ships above named, which were towed by the galleys to the attack of the three Spaniards. It being deter- mined not to renew the action until the Armada reached the Straits of Dover, the Spaniards pursued M M 2 532 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 25. their course, followed distantly by the English. 1796. Aimable and Pensee. — The 32 -gun frigate Aimable, Capt. Jemmet Mainwaring, off Guadaloupe, was distantly en- gaged with the French 36-gun frigate Pensee ; but on the 23rd, at 8h. 35m. a. m., the frigates having closed, the two captains, in the true spirit of chivalry, ex- changed salutes with the hat, and in another five minutes the action commenced. In a short time the Pensee made sail, and a running fight continued, until lOh. am., when the Aimable, in spite of every effort, had fallen so far astern as to be out of gun-shot. The Aimable had only two men wounded ; but the Pensee is re- ported to have lost 90 in killed and wounded. July 24. 1704. Reduction or Gibral- tar It being determined that an attack should be made upon Gibraltar, the combined English and Dutch fleets, under Adm. Sir George Rooke, crossed over from Tetuan, and on the 21st of July anchored in Gibraltar bay. On j the same day the marines, English , and Dutch, were landed on the , isthmus to the northward of the rock, under the Prince of Hesse, j who summoned the garrison to surrender without effect. Sir George Rooke then gave orders to commence the attack; and on the 22nd, Rear-Admiral George Byng, with the following 15 Bri- tish and six Dutch ships of the line got under way. Names. Guns. Commanders. Ranelagh, 80- Rear-Adm. Geo. Byng. Monmouth, 70 - Capt. John Baker. Suffolk, „ - ,, Robt. Kirktown. Essex, - „ - „ John Hubbard. Grafton, ,, - ,, Sir Andr. Leake. Nottingham, „ - „ Sam. Whitaker. Montagu, „ - „ Wm. Cleveland. Names. Guns. Commanders. Kingston, 70 - Capt. Edward Acton. Nassau, „ - „ Francis Dove. Swiftsure, „ - „ Robert Wynn. Berwick, „ - „ Robert Fairfax. Eagle, - „ - „ Lord Hamilton. Burford, „ - „ Kerrit Roffey. Lennox, „ - „ Wm. Jumper. Yarmouth, „ - „ Jasper Hicks. The wind proving unfavour- able, they were unable to arrive at their respective stations until the 23rd before daylight, when the ships, having anchored in the berths assigned to them, the cannonade commenced. 1 5,000 shot were fired in less than six hours, and the enemy fairly driven from their guns, especially at the mole-head, which became the immediate object of attack. Captain Whitaker, with all the boats of the fleet, was sent to gain possession of that post. The landing was expeditiously effected by Captains Hicks and Jumper, who, being in the head- most boats, dashed alongside the battery and drove the Spaniards from their guns. The enemy, prepared for the assault, sprung a mine, which killed 40 and wounded 60 men. The whole party then attacked and carried a bastion half-way between the mole and the town. A second summons was now sent to the governor, on which the garrison capitulated. Thus, on the 24th July, this fortress, hitherto con- sidered impregnable, fell into the hands of the besiegers, with no greater loss than two lieutenants, a master, and sixty men killed; one captain, seven lieutenants, a boatswain, and 216 men wounded. July 25. 1666. Dutch defeated off the Foreland. — The Dutch fleet, under Adms. De Ruyter, Tromp, and Evertzen, attacked off the Foreland by the English fleet, of 89 ships of war and 18 July 26. NAVY. 533 fire-ships, under Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle. The action commenced by Sir Thomas Allen at noon, with the White squadron, engaging that of Evert- zen ; and shortly after De Ruy ter 'became engaged with the Red. The ships of Evertzen were put to flight, he himself, as well as Vice-Adm. De Yries and Rear- Adm. Coenders, being killed. De Ruyter’s squadron was so hardly pressed, that being deserted by most of his ships, he at length bore away to join his squadron to leeward. Tromp’s division was attacked with equal vigour, by Sir Jeremy Smith, with the Blue squadron. Rear-Adm. Houtuyn was killed, and the killed and wounded in Tromp’s squadron was upwards of 100. The Dutch sustained a complete defeat, and were pursued on to the Weilings. Of the Dutch force, which was equal to that of the English, 20 ships were burnt or sunk, and 4000 men killed and wounded. 1809. Seventeen boats from the Princess Caroline and Minotaur, 74s, 32-gun frigate Cerberus, and 18-gun sloop Prometheus, led by Capt. T. Eorrest, of the Prome- theus, in the night attacked four Russian gun-boats and an armed brig, lying at Eredericksham, near Apso roads, in the Gulf of Ein- land. After a desperate and san- guinary conflict, three of the gun- boats, mounting two long 18- pounders each, and having on board between them 137 men, also an armed transport, with 23 men, were captured and brought off. The Russians defended them- selves with such determination that in one gun-boat 24 were killed, and the remaining 20 wounded, before she surrendered. The British loss amounted to 19 killed, Captain Eorrest and 50 wounded. — 1810. The 32 -gun frigate Thames, Capt. Hon. G. G. Walde- grave, 18 -gun brig, Weasel, Capt. Henry Prescott, and 18-gun brig Pilot, Capt. J. Toup Nicolas, at- tacked a French flotilla, under the town of Amanthea, consisting of seven gun-boats, two armed scampavias, having 32 transport vessels under convoy, with stores for Murat’s army at Scylla. The frigate and brigs, formed in line, closed with the enemy at two p.m. The boats, led by Capt. Pres- cott, then pushed off ; and by six p. m. the whole of the flotilla were either brought off or destroyed. British loss, one man killed and 6 wounded. — JHetfaT. July 26. 1800. Capture of Cerbere. — Acting Lieut. Jeremiah Cogh- lan, commanding the Viper, 14- gun cutter, watching the harbour of L’Orient, with three boats, in the night, attacked the Erench gun-brig Cerbere, mounting three long 24-pounders and four long 6 -pounders, with a crew of 87 men, lying moored in a naval port of difficult access, with springs on her cables, within pistol-shot of three batteries, and not a mile from a French ship of the line and two frigates. Regard- less of the aid of the other two boats, Mr. Coghlan, in the cutter, with 1 9 companions, boarded the brig on the quarter, and owing to the darkness of the night, he jumped into a trawl net, hung up to dry. In this help- less situation, he was pierced through the left thigh by a pike, several of his men were also wounded, and the whole forced back into their boat. Unchecked in ardour, these gallant fellows hauled their boat ahead, and 1ST M 3 534 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 27. again boardeci .he brig. After an obstinate conflict, they were a second time repulsed. Never- theless, the assailants returned to the charge with courage un- abated, and, after killing six men and wounding 20, this gallant band carried the Cerbere. The loss of the British was one man killed and eight wounded, in- cluding Mr. Coghlan in two places, and Mr. Paddon in six. With the aid of the two other boats, the prize was towed out, under a heavy, but ineffectual fire from the batteries. — fHctfaL 1806. Capture of Pale as. — In the evening of 25th July, as the 32-gun frigate Greyhound, Capt. Edward Elphinstone, and 18 -gun brig Harrier, Captain Edward Thomas Troubridge, were cruising in the Java sea, they gave chase to the Dutch 36- gun frigate Pallas, the 14-gun ship-corvette William, and the armed Company’s ships Batavia and Vittoria,, At daybreak on the 26th, the enemy were discovered between the small ports of Bo- thean and Balacomba, in the straits of Salayer, formed in line of battle to receive the attack. At 5h. 30m. a. m., the Greyhound closed with the Pallas, whilst the Harrier engaged the Vittoria. After a spirited contest of 40 minutes, the Greyhound compelled the Pallas to haul down her co- lours, and at 6h. 30m. the Harrier took possession of the Vittoria and the Batavia. The corvette, taking advantage of the disabled state of the Harrier’s rigging, made sail and effected her escape. Out of 212, the Greyhound had only one man killed and eight wounded ; whilst her opponent, the Pallas, out of 250 men, had eight killed, her captainf mortally) and 31 wounded. The Harrier, out of 1 10 men, had three wound- ed. The Vittoria had two killed. Batavia, two killed, a lieutenant and six wounded. July 27. 1758. Capture of Prudent and Bienfaisant. — During the siege of Louisbourg by the Bri- tish force under Gen. Amherst, the operations were so retarded by the galling fire of the French 74-gun ship Prudent and Bien- faisant, 64, lying in the harbour, that it was determined to attempt their capture. Accordingly, two boats from every ship, and the whole formed into two divisions, aided by the foggy darkness of the night, entered the harbour on the 26th July, unperceived either from the island battery or the ships. On being hailed, the division under Commander La- forey made for the Prudent, whilst Commander Balfour’s boats attacked the Bienfaisant : giving three cheers, the British boarded with their characteristic daring, and in a short time both ships were in possession of the assailants. The exulting cheers of the sea- men soon convinced the besieged of the truth of what had occurred, and immediately a heavy fire of shot, shell, and musketry was opened from the batteries. The Prudent, being fast aground, was set on fire, and Commander La- forey proceeded with his division to the Bienfaisant, which was carried off triumphantly amidst a tremendous cannonade. Both the leaders of this gallant enter- prise were promoted to post rank. 1778. Iveppel and D’Orvil- liers. — On 27th July, the fleet of thirty sail of the line and six frigates, under Adm. the Hon. A. Keppel, at.llh. 45m. brought to action, off Ushant, the French fleet under Comte d’Orvilliers, ^yousTtus v §O<0)0JMT KEDP'IPEIU OB, 1786 , July 28. NAVY. 535 consisting of thirty ships of the line, one of 50 guns, and 13 fri- gates, as the fleets crossed on op- posite tacks. At lh. 30m. p.m., the French fleet, having passed along the British line, came to the wind on the starboard tack on the lee-beam of their opponents ; but, owing to some misunder- standing of Sir Hugh Palliser, who did not close with the di- vision of the commander-in-chief as they edged away in chase, the action was not renewed. The loss sustained by the British amounted to 133 killed and 373 wounded; that of the French, 163 killed, 519 wounded. 1811. Attack of Ragosniza. —The boats of the 38-gun fri- gate Active, Capt. J. A. Gordon, were despatched under the com- mand of Lieut. William W. Hen- derson, and attacked a convoy of twenty-eight vessels anchored off the town of Ragosniza, on the coast of Dalmatia. The creek where the vessels were lying being very narrow at its entrance, and protected by three gun-boats and an armed force on each of the points, Lieut. Henderson, with the small-arm men and marines, landed to take possession of a hill that commanded the creek, leaving Lieut. Robert Gibson to push for the gun-boats when a preconcerted signal was made. After dislodging the soldiers from their post, and making the signal for that officer to ad- vance, Lieut. Henderson descend- ed from the hill to support the boats, who gallantly boarded the gun-boats and took possession of the whole convoy. Eighteen vessels were brought out and ten destroyed, and this dashing en- terprise was accomplished with no greater loss than four men wounded. July 28. 1588. Defeat of the Ar- mada. — The Spanish Armada, pursued by the English, anchored off Calais on the 27th July, and the fleet under the lord high admiral, now amounting to 140 sail, also brought up at no great distance from the enemy. During the night of the 28th, several fire- ships were sent in among the Spanish fleet, under Capts. Young and Prowse. Their approach caused a universal panic, and, although no actual damage re- sulted, several of the Spanish ships, having put to sea and driven past Calais, were warmly attacked by the Revenge, Victory, Nonpareil? Mary Rose, Dread- nought, and Swallow. A galleon was captured, the St. Philip driven on shore, and the whole fleet, in the various encounters, suffered so severely that they de- termined on retreating from the scene of their reverses. The poor remains of this once proud arma- ment reached the Spanish coast about the end of September, in a miserable plight, having lost ten ships on the coast of Ire- land; and altogether forty large ships had foundered, or had been captured or destroyed. The loss on the part of the English amounted to one small ship only, and about 100 men; while the loss to the Spaniards, according to several accounts, amounted to 10,185 men. In reward for his devotion and skill, the lord high admiral was created Earl of Nottingham, and was made lord chief justice itinerant of all the forest south of the Trent. 1806. Capture of Rhin. — On 27th July, the 74-gun ship Mars, Captain Robert Dudley Oliver, being the look-out ship of a squadron of five sail of the line. m M 4 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. July 29. 53$ under Commodore R. G. Keats, cruising to the westward of Ushant, at six p.m. discovered and chased the French 40-gun frigates Hortens e, Hermione, The- mis and Rhin. At daylight on the 28th, they were again seen to windward ; but the Mars had lost sight of her own squadron. The French commodore, finding the Mars coming up fast with the sternmost frigate, made off, leav- ing that ship to her fate. At six p. m., the Mars, after a run of 150 miles, having gained a po- sition on the frigate’s lee quarter, the Rhin hauled down her co- lours. July 29. 1417. On the 29th of July, King Henry V. sailed from Portsmouth, with 1500 vessels, on his expedition to France, during which he made his tri- umphant entry into Paris, where his title of “ Regent and Heir of France ” was publicly admitted. 1782. Capture of Amazone. — The 36-gun frigate Santa Margarita, Captain Elliot Salter, off the Chesapeake, captured the French 36-gun frigate Amazone, after a sharp action of one hour. Out of a crew of 301 men, the Amazone had her commander (the Vicomte de Montguiote) and 70 killed, and 80 wounded; Santa Margarita, out of 255, five killed and 17 wounded. 1811. Fort Marrack storm- ed. — Lieut. Edmund Lyons, of the 74-gun ship Minden, being detached with thirty-five officers and men, in the launch and cutter of that ship, on the coast of Ba- tavia, determined to make an attack on fort Marrack, situated on a promontory, and mounting fifty-four pieces of cannon, with a garrison of 180 men. At half- past midnight, as the moon was sinking into the horizon, the boats having been fired upon by the sentinels, Lieutenant Lyons im- mediately pushed ashore in a heavy surf, and was soon in pos- session of the lower battery; then leading on his gallant followers, he stormed and carried the upper battery. On reaching the summit of the hill, the sailors, after firing a volley on the troops drawn up to receive them, pushed forward with the bayonet, Lieut. Lyons calling out that he had 400 men, and would give no quarter. The Dutch, on hearing this, fled through the postern gateway at the rear of the fort. During the night, the enemy kept up a fire upon fort Marrack from a bat- tery in the rear, and a column was beaten back in an attempt to regain possession of it. Having spiked the guns, the British with- drew from the fort as the day dawned on the 30th. Mr. Wil- liam Langton, midshipman, and three men were wounded. — ffltl ral. 1813. The 38-gun frigate Ju- non, Captain Saunders, and the 18-gun sloop Martin, Capt. H. F. Senhouse, were lying in Delaware bay, when the Martin, having been ordered inshore, grounded on a shoal about two and a half miles from the beach. The shal- lowness of the water preventing the Junon anchoring nearer to the sloop than a mile and three quarters, the American flotilla, consisting of two block-vessels, each mounting six long 18- pounders and 60 men, and eight gun-boats, having each a long 32- and a 4-pounder on traversing carriages, with a crew of 85 men, took up an anchorage on the Martin’s inner beam, and kept up a smart cannonade until 2 p.m. Seven boats from the two ships July 31. NAVY. 537 were then despatched, under the orders of Lieut. Philip Westphal, to cut off a gun -boat which had separated from the rest ; and, in spite of a heavy cannonade, the object of the attack was quickly boarded and overpowered. The loss of the British in this spirited affair amounted to 3 men killed and 4 wounded. July 30. 1810. During the night of the 30th of July, the 18-gun brig Procris, Capt. Robert Maunsell, having anchored near the Xndro- mayo river, on the coast of Ba- tavia, at daylight on the 31st discovered lying there six gun- boats, each armed with a long 18-pounder aft, and a brass 32- pounder carronade forward, with a crew of 60 men, protecting a convoy of more than 40 prows. The brig immediately weighed, and ran in as close as the water would admit ; but, finding she was not sufficiently near to make any impression by her fire, Capt. Maunsell, heading the party, attacked the enemy in his boats, in which were embarked a detach- ment of 40 soldiers that happened to be on board the brig. Al- though the British were opposed to a heavy fire of grape, five of the gun-boats were captured, the crews jumping overboard as soon as they had thrown their spears at the assailants ; and the sixth blew up. The only loss on the part of the British was Mr. William Randall, master’s mate, and ten men wounded. July 31. 1718. Defeat of Spanish Fleet. — A Spanish force having been sent to attack Sicily, Adm. Sir George Byrig was despatched to the Mediterranean with twenty sail of the line, to prevent any attempt to violate the peace of Italy. On the 30th of July, be- ing to the northward of Messina, the admiral gained intelligence that induced him to sail through the Paro, and at noon got sight of a Spanish fleet of 26 ships of war (including 10 of the line), 13 smaller vessels, and several transports, under Adm. A. Cas- taneta, which, upon seeing the British fleet, bore up under all sail in order of battle. On the morning of the 31st, finding that several of the enemy had tacked to get inshore, Capt. Walton, of the Canterbury, 70, with seven other ships, were detached in pursuit ; whilst Sir George Byng attacked the main body about six leagues from Cape Passaro, which resulted in the capture of 5 ships of the line, two of 50 guns, and eight frigates and smaller vessels, and, by the squa- dron under Capt. Walton, of one ship of 60 guns, one of fifty, and nine smaller vessels, taken or destroyed. 1793. Boston and Embus- cade. — The 12-pounder 32-gun frigate Boston, Captain G. W. A. Courtenay, cruising off New York, having sent a proposal to Capt. J. B. Bompart, of the French 12- pounder 36-gun frigate Embus- cade, to come outside the Hook and try their strength, at daylight on the 31st the French frigate made herself known by hoisting a signal of recognition. At 5h. 45m. A.M., the Embuscade ranged up on the larboard and weather side of the Boston. Shortly after- wards the latter wore round, and both ships continued engaging until 7h. a.m. ; at which time the Boston, being so crippled as to be incapable of further defence, having her main-topmast, maim 538 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 1, topsail, and mizen-topmast over 1 the side, and her rigging and j sails cut to pieces, put. before the wind. She was pursued by the Embuscade, in very little better condition than her opponent ; but at 8li. p.m. the Erench frigate brought to the wind, and was soon lost sight of. The loss of the Boston consisted of Captain Courtenay and 9 killed, and 24 ! wounded. 1801. Sylph axd Arte- mtse. — In the evening, the 1S- gun brig Sylph, Captain Charles ! Dashwood, cruising off Santan- der, north coast of Spain, dis- : covered a frigate under the land advancing towards her. At llh. p.m., the brig opened her fire ; and a spirited cannonade was kept up for one hour and 20 mi- nutes, when the Sylph, being much disabled, edged away to repair damages. On the 1st of August, at daylight, the Sylph discovered her late opponent seven miles to windward, with her fore-yard upon deck. The brig made sail in chase ; but her mainmast being much disabled, and as she was then making a foot and a half water per hour, Capt. Dashwood felt it his duty to wear and stand to the north- ward. She had one man killed; one midshipman (L. Carey) and eight men wounded. 1804. The 32-gun frigate Tar- tar, Capt. Keith Maxwell, having chased the French schooner Ilirondelle, mounting 10 long 4-pounders, in the passage be- tween Saoma and St. Domingo, where she anchored at lOh. A.M., three boats -were immediately despatched under the command of Lieutenant H. Mullah. The schooner was gallantly boarded, and, after a short and obstinate resistance, carried, with the loss of only two men wounded. The | Hirondelle had 9 killed, 6 wounded, and 3 missing. August 1* 1798. Battle op the Nile. — A British fleet, under the com- mand of Rear-Adm. Sir Horatio Nelson, consisting of Goliath, Zealous, Orion, Audacious, The- seus, Vanguard, Minotaur, De- fence, Bellerophon, Majestic, Cul- loden, Alexander, and Swiftsure, of 74 guns, Leander, of 50, and Mutine brig, at sunset attacked the French fleet under Vice-Adm. Brueys, anchored in the bay oi Aboukir, in the following order of battle : — Guerrier, 74, Con- querant, 74, Spartiate, 74, Aqui- lon, 74, Peuple Souverain, 74, Franklin, 80, Orient, 120, Ton- nant, 80, Heureux, 74, Mercure, 74, Guillaume Tell, 80, Genereux, 74, and Timoleon, 74, the line forming an obtuse angle, having its centre projecting tow'ards the sea. Four frigates were in line within them, with bomb-vessels and gun-boats stationed on the flanks; and a battery was erected on Aboukir island. In rounding the shoal at the entrance of the bay, the Culloden, unfortunately, took the ground, and she re- mained fast until the next day. At about 6h. 30m., the Go- liath, after crossing the head of the French line, dropped her stern-anchor on the inner bow of the Guerrier, but it did not bring her up until she was abreast of the Conquerant. The Zealous following, brought up by the stern on the inner bow of the Guerrier. The Orion succeeding, passed the Goliath, intending to bring up abreast of the Aquilon, but the Serieuse frigate having presumed to fire, the Orion opened her starboard broadside so effectually that the frigate ^vas dismasted, August 1. NAVY. 539 and sunk. The Orion then brought up head to wind, abreast of the Peuple Souverain. Mean- while the Theseus and Audacious anchored ; the former passed be- tween the Zealous and Goliath, and brought up by the stern abreast of the Spartiate, while the Auda- cious anchored outside the line, on the starboard bow of the Con- querant. The advantageous posi- tion of the leading ships arose from pure accident, and was entirely owing to the Goliath not bring- ing up in the situation assigned to her. The two succeeding ships availed themselves of the advan- tageous opportunity that pre- sented itself of doubling in upon the van of the enemy ; and by thus bringing their whole force upon the van and centre, the British were enabled to subdue a consi- derable portion of their opponents and then fall upon the rear of the French line, which, until that moment, had been incapable of taking any part in the action. The Vanguard, bearing the flag of the rear-admiral, after receiv- ing the fire of the van ships, an- chored at 6h. 40m. p.m. on the starboard beam of the Spartiate, and the Minotaur shortly after- wards placing herself ahead of the Vanguard, brought up abreast of the Aquilon. At about 7 p.m., the Defence anchored on the starboard side of the Peuple Souverain. The Bellerophon, at about 7h. 10m. p.m., dropped her stern anchor abreast of the Orient; and soon afterwards the Majestic brought up abreast of the Tonnant, from whose heavy fire she suffered most severely, hav- ing her captain (G. B. Westcott) and 49 killed, and 143 wounded. The French van continued to de- fend themselves with great deter- mination, but the Conquerant, no longer able to contend against her three opponents, surrendered a little before 9h. p.m., her fore and mizen masts gone, and her main mast in a falling state. Of her principal opponents, the Goliath had 21 killed, and 41 wounded. The Guerrier, with all her masts gone, struck at 9 p.m.; and about the same time the Spartiate, after sustaining the fire of the Theseus, Vanguard, and Minotaur, and having lost all her masts, struck her colours. The Aquilon, being also overpowered, and reduced to the same dismasted state as her companions, surrendered at 9h. 25m. p.m. One of her oppo- nents, the Minotaur, had 23 killed and 64 wounded. The Peuple Souverain having lost her fore and main masts by the close fire of the Defence and raking broad- sides of the Orion, parted her cable, and, dropping out of the line, reanchored abreast of the Orient. The Bellerophon, from being exposed to the formidable battery of the three-decker, lost her mizen, and then her main- mast; and at 8h. 20m. p.m., being totally disabled, she cut her stern- cable, and, setting her spritsail, had scarcely wore clear of her powerful opponent, when the tot- tering foremast fell over her lar- board bow. In drifting along the rear of the French line, she re- ceived a broadside from the Ton- nant and some distant shots from the Heureux. Her loss amounted to 49 killed, 148 wounded. The Alexander and Swiftsure, owing to the shift Of wind, were delayed in their endeavours to reach the scene of action. It was just as the Bellerophon had withdrawn from the contest that the Swift - sure, at about 8h. 25m. p.m., brought up by the stern and opened a fire upon the Franklin and Orient, whilst the Leander kept under way in the vacant 540 CALENDAB OF YICTOBY. August 2 space left by the Penple Souverain when she quitted the line, and raked the Franklin with impu- nity. Shortly afterwards the Alexander came up and passed through the opening which the Tonnant had left, on perceiving the fire break out on board the Orient, about 9 p.m. The flames rapidly spread, and at 10 p.m., this magnificent ship blew up with a tremendous explosion. The catastrophe was so impressive, that all firing ceased for several mi- nutes. Then the strife was re- newed, by the Franklin engaging the Defence and Swiftsure; but that gallantly fought ship did not surrender, although she was per- fectly dismasted. Just as day broke on the 2nd, the firing was renewed. The Atemise frigate caught fire and blew up. The Tonnant, after nobly defending herself, with her three masts over the side, Timoleon, Heureux, and Mercure, had cut their cables and drifted ashore, whilst the Guil- laume Tell and Genereux, with the frigates Justice and Diane, got under way and effected their escape. The Tonnant and Timo- leon were lying ashore mere wrecks, with their colours flying, until the approach of the Theseus and Leander on the morning of the 3rd. Shortly afterwards the Timoleon, having been set on fire by her crew, exploded; and the Heureux and Mercure sur- rendered. Thus terminated this memorable battle, leaving in the hands of the British two ships of 80, and seven of 74 guns, whilst only two of the line and two fri- gates made their escape. The total loss of the British amounted to 218 killed, and 671 wounded. — fHctml. 1808. The boats of 74-gun ship Kent and 16-gun brig Wizard, under Lieut. Win. Cash- man, attacked a deeply laden convoy at anchor, under the pro- tection of a large gun-boat, off the town of Noli, in the Gulf of Genoa. The vessels were boarded, but being secured to the beach by chains from the mast-heads, it became necessary to land, and the boats had to pull to the shore ex- posed to a heavy fire from several guns and from troops assembled on the beach. In spite of every obstacle, the gun-boat, mounting two heavy guns, with a crew of 45 men, together with all the convoy, were captured, and the guns on shore destroyed, with no greater loss than one man killed and one wounded. August 2. 1812. Boats of Horatio. — Three boats from the 38 -gun fri- gate Horatio, under the orders of Lieut. A. M. Hawkins, at 8 a.m. attacked a Danish cutter, mount- ing four 6-pounders and 22 men, a schooner of six 6-pounders and 30 men, lying with an American ship, their prize, in a creek on the coast of Norway. Although these vessels were moored in a very defensive position, with springs on their cables, fully pre- pared for the attack, they were gallantly boarded, and, after a san- guinary contest, taken possession of. The British lost in this affair Lieut. George Syder, of the marines, and 8 men killed; Lieuts. Hawkins and T. J. P. Masters, assistant surgeon James Larans (mortally), the boatswain, Wm. Hughes, one midshipman (Thomas Fowler), and 1 1 men wounded. 1813. Attack of Bovigno. — The Eagle, 74, Capt. Charles Bowley, and Bacchante frigate, Capt. W. Hoste, were sailing along the coast of Istria, in the evening, when 21 sail of vessels were discovered in the harbour of August 4, NAVY. 541 Rovigno. An attack having been determined on, the two ships stood in; and, having silenced the batteries, Capt. Hoste landed with a detachment of seamen and marines, drove the enemy out of the town, disabled the guns, and destroyed or brought out the whole of the vessels. This was accomplished with so small a loss as one man wounded. August 3. 1801. Capture of Carrere. — The frigates Phoenix, Pomone, and Pearl, Capts. Lawrence, W. Halstead, Edward L. Gower, and Samuel Balland, cruising off the island of Elba, fell in with the French 40-gun, frigate Carrere, having under her charge a convoy laden with ordnance stores. The Pomone arrived up with the chase, and, after an action of ten mi- nutes, compelled the Carrere to surrender. The Pomone had two men killed; Lieut. Charles Douglas, of the marines, with the loss of a leg, and three seamen wounded. August 4. 1798. Capture of Aven- turier. — Five boats from the 38- gun frigate Melpomene and 14- gun brig-sloop Childers, under the orders of Lieut. T. G. Short- land, at 3h. a.m. attacked the 14-gun brig Aventurier, having a crew of 79 men, lying in the harbour of Corigiou, near the isle of Bas. She was gallantly boarded and carried, after a spi- rited defence. The loss on the part of the British was one man killed; Mr. Frost, midshipman, and three men wounded. The forts had just opened their fire upon the brig, when the wind veered round to the north-west, and blew a fresh gale directly into the narrow entrance to the harbour. After being exposed to a smart fire from the batteries for more than two hours, Lieut. Short- land, by great exertion, succeeded in bringing out his prize without further loss. For his gallant con- duct on this occasion, Lieut. Short- land was made commander. August 5« 1781 . Battle of the Dog- gerbank. — A gallantly contest- ed, although indecisive, battle was fought off the Doggerbank, on the 5th August. British (under Vice- Adm. Hyde Parker): 1 ship of 80 guns 2 „ 74 1 „ 64 1 „ 60 1 „ 50 1 „ 44 99 J» 99 99 Total, 7 ships, 372 guns. Dutch (under Rear- Adm. Zoutman): 1 ship of 74 guns 68 , 64 , 54 , 50 , 44 , Total, 6 ships, 354 guns. At daybreak, the Dutch squa- dron was discovered steering nearly the same course as the British, and likewise escorting a fleet of merchant ships. Vice- Adm. Parker placing the convoy in charge of the Tartar frigate, with directions to proceed to England, at 6 a.m., having formed the British squadron in close or- der of battle, proceeded in chase. The Dutch, placing their convoy to leeward, hauled to the wind on the larboard tack. The morning was fine and clear, with a light 542 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 7 breeze of wind from NE., and 1 the British, led by the Berwick, I were soon bearing down in good order to the attack. At 8h. a.m., having arrived within pistol-shot to windward, without the enemy’s having fired a shot, an action commenced, which, for steadiness on both sides, has been but in few instances surpassed. Owing to some confusion among the British ships in taking their stations, occasioned in some measure by the damages sustained in the fall of spars at the commencement of the action, the ships were not equally matched. The battle had lasted three hours and a half, with great vigour on both sides, when Vice-Adm. Parker having hauled down the signal to engage, the British ships hove to, and com- menced repairing damages. The Dutch suffered severely, and one ship, the Hollandia, 64, went down the same night: her flag, which was kept flying, was taken away by the Belle Poule, and carried to A dm, Parker. Their loss amounted to 142 killed, 403 wounded. British loss, 109 killed, 362 wounded. After Vice-Adm. Parker discontinued the action, the Dutch admiral put before the wind with his shattered ships, and reached Holland. The Dutch claimed a victory, and published an exaggerated version of the affair. August 6. 1805. On the 6th August, the 74-gun ship Blenheim, Capt. Aus- tin Bissell, bearing the flag of Rear-Adm. Sir Thomas Trou- bridge, being in lat. 19° S., long. 81° E., while convoying a fleet of homeward bound East India ships, gallantly repulsed the 74-gun ship Marengo, Rear-Adm. Linois, and 40-gun frigate Belle Poule. August 7. 1758. Cherbourg attacked. | — Commodore the Hon. Richard Howe, with twenty-five ships of war, principally frigates, and 100 sail of transports, sailed from Portsmouth on 1st August to attack Cherbourg, and on the 6th arrived off that port. Early in the morning of the 7th, the fleet moved to Marais bay, about two leagues to the westward, when the frigates and smaller vessels anchored close to the shore, to cover the debarkation. The British troops in four divisions, directed by Captains Robert Duff, Joshua Rowley, Jervis Maplesdon, and William Paston, effected a landing in the after- noon with little opposition, or loss. The piers at the entrance of the harbour were destroyed, the batteries and magazines de- molished, and upwards of 200 pieces of cannon brought away, or rendered useless. The army re-embarked in perfect order, having sustained no greater loss than 20 killed and 30 wounded. 1798. Espoir and Liguria.— The Espoir, of 14 guns, six- pounders, and 80 men, Captain Loftus Otway Bland, near Gi- braltar, with a convoy under her protection, fell in with the pirate ship Liguria, mounting 26 guns and four swivels, with a crew of 120 men. Having closed, the Liguria at 7h. p. m. discharged her broadside, which the Espoir was not slow in returning; and a spirited action was maintained on both sides until lOh. 45m. The captain of the Liguria then hailed the Espoir not to fire again; but as he did not comply with the demand of Capt. Bland to lower his sails and come on board the brig, the Espoir re- newed the action, and was tacking August S. NAVY. 543 to fire her other broadside, when the Liguria again hailed to say she had surrendered. The Liguria had three killed, her commander and 13 wounded. The Espoir lost her master, Mr. Solsby, killed, and six men wounded. Capt. Bland was very deservedly promoted to post rank for this gallant affair. — jfHetfaL 1807. The 38 -gun frigate Hydra, Captain George Mundy, having chased a polacre and two brigs into the harbour of Begur, coast of Catalonia, the frigate anchored and opened a fire upon the battery and shipping, which was smartly returned for nearly an hour. 50 seamen and marines having, under Lieut. Edward O’Brien Drury, been despatched in the boats, though exposed to a heavy discharge of langdridge and musketry, mounted the cliff and attacked the fort with such intrepidity, that the enemy, after spiking the guns (four long 24- pounders), rushed out on one side as the assailants entered at the other. The marines, under Lieut. Robert Hayes, remained in pos- session of the heights, whilst the seamen, under Lieutenant Drury, attacked the town and boarded the vessels, which, by great ex- ertion, were warped out of the harbour. The captured polacres were a ship of 16 guns and 130 men, a brig of 12 guns and 40 men, and another of four guns and 30 men. One man was killed and two wounded on board the Hydra, and Mr. R. H. God- dard, clerk, and four m en wounded on shore. Lieut. Drury was pro- moted for his gallant services on this occasion. August 8. 1796. Mermaid and Ven- geance. — The 32 -gun frigate Mermaid, Capt. R. W. Otway, near Guadaloupe, at noon brought to action the French 40-gun frigate Vengeance, and both ships con- tinued engaging until four p. m., occasionally fired at by the bat- teries on shore. The Vengeance having the advantage of sailing, escaped into Basse-terre. The Mermaid had her fore-topgallant- mast shot away, and was much cut up in rigging and sails, but suffered no loss. The V engeance is reported to have had 12 men killed and 26 wounded. 1808. Boats of Porcupine. — The 22-gun ship Porcupine, Capt. Hon. Henry Duncan, having chased a polacre ship into a har- bour in the island of Planosa, near Elba, which was defended by a battery, in the evening des- patched three boats under com- mand of Lieut. Francis Smith, to capture or destroy her. She was boarded without loss ; but a fort of 8 guns near which she lay moored, immediately opened a heavy fire of round and grape, to which was soon added the mus- ketry of French troops drawn up upon the beach. In spite of this opposition, the British brought out the polacre, which proved to be the Conception, mounting four guns. One seaman was killed, Lieut. James Renwick, of the marines, mortally, and seven men severely wounded. 1813. Defeat of American Flotilla. — While the American flotilla, consisting of fourteen vessels, mounting altogether 114 guns, commanded by Commodore Chauncey, lay at anchor off Nia- gara, on Lake Ontario, the British squadron, under Sir James Yeo, of six sail, mounting 92 guns, hove in sight. The American squadron weighed and stood out in line of battle. Light winds I prevented Sir James Yeo from 544 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 10. closing during the day, and in the night a heavy squall came on, which upset two American schooners. On the 9 th the squadrons manoeuvred in sight of each other. On the 10th, in the evening, a fine breeze springing up, the squadron of Sir James Yeo bore up to the attack; but on their approach, the Americans stood away under all sail for Niagara, leaving the schooners Julia and Growler, each armed with a long 24-pounder on a pivot, and manned by 40 men, to be captured by the British. Sir James Yeo, with his prizes, returned to Kingston. August 9. 1666. Attack of Schelllng. — 'Sir Robert Holmes, with a number of fire-ships, destroyed two Dutch ships of war and 160 merchantmen anchored at Schel- ling. The English landed and plundered the island. 1781. Iris akd Trumbull. — The 32-gun frigate Iris, Captain George Dawson, on the coast of North America, captured the American 32-gun frigate Trum- bull, after an action of one hour, with loss of four killed, ten wounded. Ms, one killed, six wounded. 1799. The Speedy, 14-gun brig (four-pounders), with 80 men, Capt. Jaheel Brenton, and 14- gun brig-privateer Defender, of Gibraltar, chased three Spanish armed vessels; one of four six- pounders, another of six, and the third of eight six-pounders, into a sandy bay to the eastward of Cape de Gatt, where they moored themselves in line, close to the beach. The two brigs then opened their fire. In a short time the Speedy anchored within pistol- shot, whilst the Defender stood : out to meet one of her Loafs in the offing. After a sharp can- ' nonade of three-quarters of an ! hour, the Spanish crews took to their boats, having first cut the cables of the two vessels, which drifted ashore. They were never- thelesss all brought out by the Speedy’s boats, under a heavy fire of musketry from the hills. The British had only three men wounded. August 2.0. (New Style.) 1653. Defeat of Van Tromp. — The Dutch fleet, commanded by Van Tromp, having been re- inforced by the division under De Witte, amounting to 180 men- of-war and fire-ships, and 25 armed merchant ships, bore down upon the English fleet under Monk, Penn, Lawson, and Jor- don, whose force amounted to 120 ships, carrying 4000 guns and 17,000 men, and attacked them with great fury. The battle was warmly contested on both sides, and some ships caught fire and exploded. The English, with incredible valour, sustained all the efforts of their gallant oppo- nents, who continued the fight with the most determined vigour, until Van Tromp, in endeavour- ing^ to grapple with the English admiral, was killed by a musket- ball. This disaster spread such dismay among the Dutch, that they hauled their wind, pursued by the victorious fleet as far as the Texel. The loss of the Dutch amounted to 1200 killed, 1500 drowned, 2500 wounded; 26 men- of-war were sunk or burnt, and 1000 men were made prisoners. 1780. Flora and Nymphe. — The 18-pounder 36-gun frigate Flora, mounting 42 guns, 259 men, Capt. William Pecrc Wil- liams, off Ushant, captured the French 12-pounder 36-gun fri- August 11, NAVY. 545 gate Nymphe, mounting 38 guns, 291 men. After the action had been kept up with great spirit for upwards of an hour, during which the enemy made several attempts to board, the British crew, headed by Lieutenant E. Thornborough, boarded the Nyrnphe, and after a short struggle carried her. She had 63 killed, including her cap- tain, Le Chevalier du Romain, and 68 wounded. Elora, 9 killed, 17 wounded. 1797. Capture op Gaiete. — At daylight, the 38-gun frigate Arethusa, Capt. Thomas Wolley, in lat. 30° 49' N., long. 55° 50' W., captured the Gaiete, ship- corvette of 20 long 8-pounders, after a gallant defence of 30 mi- nutes, with a loss of two men killed and eight wounded. The Arethusa had one man killed and three wounded. 1801. The Erench lugger Eveille, mounting two long 4- pounders and four large swivels, captured in Quiberon bay by boats of Unicorn, 32, under Lieut. Erancis Smith. 1805. Phoenix and Didon. — The 36-gun frigate Phoenix, Capt. Thomas Baker, mounting 42 guns, cruising in lat. 43° 16' N., long. 12° 14' W., with the wind NE. by E., discovered the Erench 18- pounder 40-gun frigate Didon, Capt. Milius. The Phoenix imme- diately bore up in chase, whilst the Didon hove to and awaited the attack, and, at 8h. 45m. a.m., opened a smart fire. As the Bri- tish frigate steered a course to pass astern of her opponent, the Didon wore, and, coming round on the opposite tack, discharged her broadside. The manoeuvre having been repeated three times, the Phoenix, annoyed at being so foiled, ran right at her op- ponent to windward. At 9h. 15m, a.m., the two frigates, stand- ing on the larboard tack, brought their broadsides mutually to bear within pistol-shot. The Phoenix having forged ahead, the Didon bore up, and, passing athwart the stern of the British frigate, raked her. She then hauled up again on the starboard tack, and en- deavoured to bestow her star- hoard broadside in a similar manner; but the Phoenix, prompt- ly throwing her sails aback, de- feated the attempt. This manoeu- vre brought the Didon with her larboard bow pressing against the starboard quarter of the Phoenix, the two frigates lying in nearly a parallel direction. Both ships prepared to board; but the im- mense superiority of numbers on board the French ship made it necessary for the Phoenix to de- fend her own decks. Having repulsed the boarders, the Phoe- nix brought a gun to bear out of the cabin window with visible effect. The Didon forged ahead, and a mutual cannonade was maintained until the latter passed out of gun-shot, with her main- topmast gone, and foremast tot- tering, which fell over the bows about noon. The Phoenix, hav- ing refitted her rigging, took a position on her opponent’s weather bow, and was about to resume the action, when the Didon, at 15 minutes past noon, hauled down her colours. Out of 260 men, the Phoenix had her second lieutenant (John Bounton) and 1 1 killed, and 28 wounded ; the Di- don, 27 killed and 44 wounded, out of crew of 330. — August 11. 1415. Invasion of France. — Two years after Henry Y. as- cended the throne, in asserting the English claim to the French crown, he assembled a flotilla of N N 546 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 12 1400 vessels, carrying 24,000 archers and 600 men-at-arms, at the head of which Henry entered the Seine on 10th August. 1673. Action with Dutch Fleet. — The Dutch fleet of 100 sail, under De Ruyter and Banc- quert, bore down to attack the combined fleet under Prince Ru- pert, consisting of 60 English and 30 French ships, commanded by the Comte d’Estrees. The latter, which had previously been distributed among the English ships, were on this occasion in a separate squadron, and, at the first onset, they made sail away, leaving the English to fight the battle alone. Thus deserted, the English admiral found it ad- visable to retreat towards his own shores ; a running fight en- sued, in which Tromp and Spragge, as before, singled out each other’s ships. After three hours’ fighting, Spragge found the Royal Prince so disabled that he removed his flag into the St. George. Tromp also changed his flag from the Golden Lion to the Comet, and these ships re- newed the action, until the St. George lost her mainmast, w r hen Spragge having embarked to go on board the Royal Charles, the boat was sunk by a shot, and he was drowned close alongside that ship. The fight continued all night, when the Dutch hauled off towards their own coast. 1747. At 6h. p.m., the 10- gun sloop Viper, Lieut. Robert Hay, off Ushant, brought to action the French South-sea ship Hector, of 28 guns and 60 men. Lieut. Hay was killed at 6h. 30m., and Lieut. John Lendrick, assuming the command, continued the en- gagement until 8h. p.m., when he laid the enemy alongside ; and shortly afterwards the Hector surrendered, having 10 men killed and 16 wounded. The Viper had her commander and 4 killed, and 8 wounded. The prize had on board 7000/. freight. 1808. Capture of Sylphe. — The 18 -gun ship-sloop Comet, Capt. C. F. Daly, in the bay of Biscay, discovered three vessels, which proved to be the French 18-gun ship-corvette Diligente, with 16-gun brigs Espiegle and Sylphe. The ship having out- sailed the brigs, Capt. Daly re- solved to attack them. At 5h. 20m. p. m., the Comet arriving within pistol-shot of the Sylphe, opened her fire, and, at the expiration of 20 minutes, the French brig hauled down her colours, having, out of 98 men, six killed and five wounded. In this very gallant affair on the part of Captain Daly, the Comet had not a man hurt. — August 12. 1762. Reduction of the Havannah. — The Havannah and its dependencies surrendered to the fleet under Adm. Sir George Pocock, consisting of 22 sail of the line, four of 50 guns, ten fri- gates, and 17 smaller vessels, with an army of 1 6,000 men un- der the Earl of Albemarle. 1798. Hazard and Neptune. —In lat. 46° 12' N., long. 18° 23' W., the 18-gun sloop Hazard, Capt. William Butterfield, at 4 p.m. arrived within gun-shot of the French 20-gun ship Neptune, mounting 10 guns, having a crew of 53 men and 270 soldiers. An action immediately com- menced, and the enemy made several attempts to board, which were repulsed with great loss. After a defence of an hour and 50 minutes, the Neptnne hauled down her colonrs. The Hazard had only six men wounded. August 13. NAVY. 547 1799. The Crash gun-brig (re- cently retaken) and a captured schuyt, accompanied by the boats of the squadron of Capt. Sothe- ron, were despatched, under the command of Lieut. James Slade, of the Latona, to attack the Dutch 6-gun schooner Vengeance and a large row-boat, moored under a battery upon the island of Schiermonikoog, near Groningen. The enemy were driven from the battery, the guns either brought off or spiked; and the Vengeance, having been set on fire, blew up. 1814. In the night, com- mander Alexander Dobbs, of the Charwell, 18, stationed in the Niagara river, proceeded to effect the destruction of the enemy’s schooners attached to fort Erie. Having had his gig transported from Queenstown to French- man’s creek, a distance of twenty miles, Capt. Dobbs, by the aid of some Canadian militia, succeeded in conveying five bateaux a dis- tance of 8 miles to lake Erie. The British, amounting to 75 persons, carried two of the schooners, the Ohio and Somers, sword in hand, with the loss of Lieut. C. Radcliffe, and one sea- man killed, and 4 wounded. The Americans, one killed, 7 wounded. The third schooner, having cut her cable, drifted among the rapids. August 13. 1704. Battle of Malaga. — The French fleet under Admiral Le Comte de Toulouse, consist- ing of 50 sail of the line, carrying 3543 guns and 24,155 men, and eight frigates, carrying 149 guns and 1025 men, after a tedious pursuit, was brought to action on Sunday the 13th August, off Malaga, by the combined British and Dutch fleets, under Admiral Sir George Rooke, consisting of 41 English' and 12 Dutch ships of the line, and six frigates, car- rying 3700 guns and 23,200 men, under Vice-Admiral Callemberg. The confederates bore down with the intention of cutting through the enemy’s line and engaging- to leeward ; but, on their arrival within half gun-shot, the French, fleet filled and edged away. Shovel’s division was gallantly led by Vice-Admiral Sir John Leake, and the action continued until 2 p.m., when several En- glish ships were compelled to discontinue engaging for want of ammunition. The Monk was thrice attempted to be boarded by a ship of 70 guns ; but each time the assailants were repulsed with great slaughter. The con- test throughout was vigorously maintained ; and had it not been for the reluctance of the French admiral to come to close action, it is probable that more than one trophy would have been gained by the allies. The Dutch be- haved with their accustomed va- lour, and did not give over the pursuit until night. On board the English fleet, Capts. Andrew Leake of the Grafton, J ohn Cow of the Ranelagh, and 687 men were killed ; Capts. Myng, Baker, and Jumper, and 1632 wounded. The Dutch lost one captain and 400 men, killed and wounded. The loss of the French is stated to have been more than 1600. 1780. Comte d’Artois cap- tured. — The 64-gun ship Bien- faisant, Captain John Macbride, and Charon, 44, Captain John Symonds, being off the Old Head of Kinsale, chased, and at 7h. 30m. a.m. brought to action, the French 64-gun privateer Comte d’Artois, commanded by the Chevalier Clonard, lieutenant de vaisseau, having a crew of 640 men; and, after a gallant defence, N N 2 548 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 1ft, which, lasted until 9h. a.m., com- pelled her to haul down her co- lours, having 21 killed and 35 wounded. The Bienfaisant had three killed and 22 wounded ; the Charon, one man wounded. 1810. Capture of the Isle de la Passe. — At 8 p. m., three boats of the SG-gun frigate Sirius, -and two from the 3 6 -gun frigate Iphigenia, containing seventy-one officers and men, under the com- mand of Lieut. George R. Nor- man, assisted by Lieut. H. D. Chads and J. W. Watling, and Lieuts. of Marines James Cottell and William Bate, were des- patched to attempt the capture of Isle de la Passe, having a garrison of 2 officers and 80 men, at the entrance of port Sud-Est, Isle of France. The batteries mounted 19 pieces of ordnance, including three 13 -inch mortars and two howitzers. The principal landing- place, which was on the N. side of the island, was defended by a che- vaux-de-frise and two howitzers. The two boats of the Iphigenia, under Lieut. Chads, separating, made for a different part of the island, where they landed without opposition. As those of the Sirius reached the third battery, the enemy opened a fire which killed and wounded several men. Ar- riving at the landing place, Lieuts. Norman and Watling attempted to scale the works, but were beaten back, and at the same time Norman was shot through the heart. Lieut. Watling, never- theless, made another attempt, and, after a desperate struggle, gained possession of the fort. Lieut. Chads now arrived with his detachment, and, he being the senior officer, assumed the command. The British loss, which was confined to the party under Lieut. Watling, amounted .to five killed and twelve wounded. ! August 1ft. 1761. Bellona a nd Coura- geux. — In the evening of the 13th August, the 74-gun ship Bellona, Capt. Robert Faulkner and 36 -gun frigate Brilliant, Capt. James Loggie, being oft Vigo, chased three large ships ; and on the morning of the 14th, the strangers, which were the French 74-gun ship Courageux and 36* gun frigates Hermione and Malicieuse, stood towards the British. The two frigates having closed with the Brilliant, commenced the action at 6h. 25m. p. m., and so vigorously were the guns of the Brilliant plied that the enemy’s frigates hauled off to repair damages. Meanwhile, the furious contest within musket- shot was maintained between the Bellona and Courageux ; and the water being smooth, few shots were wasted. The mizen-mast of the Bellona having been shot away soon after the engagement commenced, Capt. Faulkner de- termined to lay his antagonist on board; and as the Bellona wore round, she fell alongside, the star- board quarter of the Courageux striking the beam of the British ship, whose larboard guns were discharged with such destructive effect into the stern and quarter of the enemy, that in twenty minutes she hauled down her colours. The two frigates crowded sail and escaped. The Coura- geux, out of 700 men, had 200 killed, Capt. M. L’Ambcrt (mor- tally) and 110 wounded. The Bellona had 6 men killed, 25 wounded ; Brilliant, 6 killed, 16 wounded. 1781. The 14-gun brig Camelcon, Commander Thomas Drury, being off the Texcl, chased a large Dutch lugger, mounting eighteen I 6-pounders, and after engaging a August 15. NAVY. 549 quarter of an hour, the lugger blew up. Commander Drury and eleven men were wounded, and the Cameleon damaged by fire. 1807. Comus and Erederick- scoarn -On the night of the 12th, the Danish 32-gun frigate Erederickscoarn, mounting 32 long 12- and 6 -pounders, lying in Elsineur roads, slipped her cable and steered for Norway ; upon which the 2 2 -gun ship Comus, mounting 22 long 9 -pounders, eight 24-pounder carronades, and two long nines, Capt. Edmund Heywood, was directed in pur- suit. About midnight, on the 14th, Capt. Heywood hailed the Erederickscoarn, and requested her captain to heave to. This being refused, the Comus bore up, and passing under the stern of her opponent within pistol-shot, the action continued 45 minutes, when the Erederickscoarn fell on board her opponent. Lieuts. George Ed- ward Watts and Hood Knight, gallantly heading the assailants, sprang onboard, and, after a slight resistance, the Danish frigate was carried. Her loss, out of a crew of 206 men, amounted to 12 killed, and 20 wounded. Out of a crew of 145 men, the Comus had only one man wounded. 1813. Pelican and Argus. — The 18 -gun brig Pelican, Capt. Eordyce Maples, on the coast of Ireland, at 4h. 30m. a. m. bore down upon the United States 20- gun brig Argus, Capt. W. H. Allen, which at 6h. wore, and fired her larboard broadside with- in grape-shot distance. The Peli- can discharged her starboard guns, by which Capt. Allen was severely •wounded, and then bore up to rake her antagonist ; but the latter frustrated the manoeuvre by throwing all aback. At 6h. 18m., the Pelican, after raking the Argus, ranged up on her starboard quarter ; and, after a short time, the two brigs having fallen foul, Mr. William Young, master’s mate, heading the boarders, sprang on the forecastle of the Argus ; and although this gallant officer at that moment received a mortal wound, his daring followers soon gained complete possession of the enemy’s brig. The loss of the Pelican amounted to Mr. Young and one seaman killed, and 5 wounded, out of a crew of 101. The Argus, of 122, had six killed, her commander (mortally) and 1 7 wounded. — jftrUitel. August 15. 1416. Erench defeated by Duke of Bedford. — Harfleur being closely besieged by the Erench, an English fleet under the Duke of Bedford was assem- bled for its relief, and Sir Walter Hungerford was appointed admi- ral. On the 15th August, this fleet, amounting to 400 sail, being off the Seine, had a desperate en- gagement with a number of large Genoese carracks, hired by the French. After the action had lasted five hours, the Erench were defeated, with the loss of 1500 men; and three great carracks with many smaller vessels were captured. 1797. The six-gun schooner Alexandrian (tender to the flag- ship at Martinique), Lieut. W. H. Senhouse, being on a cruise, cap- tured the French privateer- schoo- ner Coq, of six guns and thirty- four men, after a spirited action. 1809. Attack of Riviere Noire. — The boats of 18-gun sloop Otter, led by Capt. N. J. Willoughby, at midnight on the 14th August, proceeded to the at- tack of three vessels anchored under the powerful batteries of Iiiviere Noire, Isle of Erance. n n 3 550 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. August 16. Having reached a lugger unper- ceived, and that vessel being quick- ly secured, the boats, under Lieut. J. Burns, after a short struggle, boarded and carried a brig, al- though defended by a party of soldiers. Capt. Willoughby, who in the gig had in the meantime made an unsuccessful search for the gun-boat, discovering that the brig was secured to the shore by a chain fast to the keel, ordered her to be destroyed ; but learn- ing that some of the crew were below badly wounded, the prize was abandoned. The three boats then taking the lugger in tow, carried her off, under a heavy fire from the batteries. In this daring exploit, no greater loss was sustained than one man killed and another wounded. August 16. 1652. Ayscue and De Rut- ter. — Vice-Admiral Sir George Ayscue being olf Plymouth with thirty-eight sail, for the protec- tion of the English trade, fell in with Admiral de Ruyter, who, with a Dutch fleet of equal force, was convoying about fifty out- ward-bound merchant ships down the Channel. De Ruyter, taking twenty merchant ships into his own fleet, bore down upon the English in line abreast. The English vice-admiral, with nine of his headmost ships, passed between the Dutch, and en- gaged them with much vigour; and the fight lasted from 4h. p. m. until dark. Being ill supported by many of his squadron, Sir George Ayscue was unable to capture any of the Dutch ships ; but two were sunk. 1697. Harlow and De Poin- tis. — Commodore Thomas Har- low, cruising in the Bay with the 80-gun ships Torbay and Devon- shire, 70-gun ship Restoration, and 64-gun ship Defiance, had an action with a French squadron- of five sail of the line, under M. De Pointis. After engaging a short time, the enemy made sail away, pursued by the English, who renewed the fight on the 16th, when the French, having the advantage of sailing, again hauled off. In the two partial actions, the Torbay had one man killed and five wounded; the Restoration, six killed and 14 w r ounded ; Devonshire, 11 killed and 11 wounded ; and the Defi- ance, 16 wounded. 1854. Reduction of Bomar- sijnd. — An expedition, consist- ing of the combined English and French squadrons, conveying 11,000 troops, early in August proceeded to effect the reduction of the Aland islands in the gulf of Bothnia. The principal object of attack being the forts of Bo- marsund, the French army ef- fected a landing, and having made the necessary approaches, bat- teries were erected in suitable positions. The fortifications of Bomarsund lay on the eastern point of the largest of the Aland islands. The principal fortress stood at the head of a semicir- cular bay, armed with about eighty cannon in two tiers. At the back or northern side of the fort, the land rose considerably, and the defence on that part consisted of three round towers, — one on the highest ground to the west, a second in the centre, and a third to the east. A fourth w’ork had been erected on the island of Presto, east of the for- tress, and a mud battery thrown up on the beach to the west. Across the bay, running cast and west, lay such of the ships as could make their way through the narrow, shallow, and intricate passages leading from Ledsund to August 17. NAVY. 551 Bomarsund. As the western tower commanded the main fprt on the shore, it was determined to land the main body on that side, while the English and French marines, with some sailors, were landed on the shore north of the forts. The mud battery on the west,- however, stood in the way, but half an hour’s firing from the Amphion and Phlegethon de- stroyed it. The woods near the point of embarkation being clear- ed by the fire of the Edinburgh, on the 8th August, in three hours and a half, 11,000 men, with guns, were landed on the island, and, marching over the heights, encamped against the western fort. On the 13th, some sailors, headed by a band of mu- sic, dragged the heavy guns from the beach into the camp of the marines, which was within 800 yards of the western fort, and sheltered by some rocky ground. On the 14th, all was ready, and the bombardment of the western fort, commenced at four that morning by the French, soon be- came so evident on the facings and embrasures, that the enemy hung out a flag of truce, and asked for time to bury their dead. This was a Russian ruse to gain time ; instead of burying their dead, they obtained ammunition and reinforcements. When the firing had recommenced they tried the trick again ; but Gen. Baraguay d’Hilliers refused fur- ther concessions, and all night long the batteries continued their deadly fire. Early the next morn- ing, the fort gave in and was cap- tured. It was found that the granite had fallen out in masses, and that the rubble had followed it in heaps ! Meanwhile Capt. Pelham had established a battery on the west of the main fort ; Gen. Jones had completed his battery inland ; the Edinburgh and Ajax made good practice at long range upon the great fort ; and the combined fire smashed and defaced its embrasures in splendid style. On the 15th, the eastern round tower was taken by the marines, and on the 16th, the large fort, after sustaining a tremendous fire from all sides for a few hours, hung out a flag of truce, and the Aland islands sur- rendered. August 17. 1796. Surrender of Dutch Squadron. — A Dutch squadron, consisting of two ships of 66 guns, one of 54, two of 40, two of 26 guns, and an 18-gun sloop, com- manded . by Rear- Adm. Lucas, arrived in Salclanha bay on the 3rd of August, with the intention of attempting to regain possession of the settlement of the Cape of Good Hope. This information having been conveyed to Vice- Adm. Sir George Keith Elphin- stone, who was lying in Simon’s bay with a British squadron of seven sail of the line and a ship of 50 guns, the vice-admiral pro- ceeded in quest of the Dutch squadron. On the 16th, the Bri- tish ships anchored within gun- shot of them, and the rear-ad- miral having been summoned to surrender without attempting any resistance, a capitulation was signed on the 17th, placing the nine Dutch ships in possession of the British admiral. 1804. Capture of Blonde. — In lat. 49° 30' N., long. 12° 20' W., the 38-gun frigate Loire, Capt. F. L. Maitland, captured the French privateer Blonde, mounting 30 guns, 8- pounders, with a crew of 280 men, after a chase of 20 hours, including a running fight of 15minutes, in N N 4 552 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 18, which she had two men killed and five wounded. The Loire had six men wounded. 1810. Attack of Canaille du Bois. — Captain N. J. Wil- loughby, of the 3 6 -gun frigate Nereide, having embarked in the boats of that ship and the Staunch gun-brig, 50 seamen, under Lieut. H. C. Deacon and acting Lieut. W. West, the de- tachment of marines, and 50 men of the 33rd and 69th regiments, before daylight landed at Canaille du Rois, on the Isle of France. After a march of six miles, they attacked the fort on Pointe du Diable, which was stormed and carried without the loss of a man, although the French officer com- manding the fort and three men were killed. After destroying the guns and magazine, the party proceeded to Grand-Port, a dis- tance of 12 miles, under the cover of three boats commanded by Lieut. Deacon, leaving procla- mations at the different villages through which they passed. Hav- ing accomplished this service, the whole force re-embarked at sunset, without any casualty. August 18. 1747. The Bellona, 24 guns, Capt. the Hon. Samuel Barrington, off Ushant, captured the French Indiaman, Due de Chartres, 30 guns and 175 men, after an ac- tion of two hours. 1759. Boscawenand La Clue. — A British fleet, under Adm. the Hon. Edward Boscawen, of 13 sail of the line, 2 of 50 guns, and 10 frigates, discovered, on the Barbary coast, a French squa- dron, consisting of 1 ship of 80, 5 of 74, 5 of 64, 2 of 50 guns, and 3 frigates, under Adm. De la Clue. Owing to the light airs that prevailed, the action was but partial; it was, nevertheless, well maintained on both sides. The Centaur, of 74 guns, after a gal- lant defence, and the loss of 200 men killed, surrendered. The pursuit was continued during the night, and on the morning of the 19 th only four sail were to be seen, and they were completely embayed near Lagos, on the coast of Portugal. At 9h. a.m., the admiral’s ship, the Ocean, of 80 guns, was observed on shore among the breakers, and her masts fell over the side. She was boarded and set on fire, as was the Redoutable, 74. The Teme- raire, 74, and Modeste, 64, were captured. The loss of the enemy was very severe, and Adm. De la Clue died of the wounds he had received in the action. The British had 56 killed, 196 wounded. 1807. The boats of the 18-gun sloop Confiance, Capt. J. L. Yeo, under the orders of Lieut. W. H. Walker, were despatched to at- tempt the capture of a lugger, mounting one long 12- and two 4 -pounders, with a crew of 30 men, in the harbour of Guardia, moored under two forts, one of four 26-pounders and the other six 18-pounders. Although ex- posed to a heavy fire, the lugger was carried without the slightest loss ; but the enemy had several killed and wounded. 1813. Batteries of Cassis stormed. — The 38-gun frigate Undaunted, Capt. Thos. Ussher, Redwing and Espoir, 18-gun brigs, Capts. Sir J. Gordon Sin- clair and Hon. R. C. Spencer, ac- companied by boats of Caledonia, Hibernia, Barfleur, and Prince of Wales, with 200 marines from the fleet, attacked the batteries of Cassis, a town situated between Marseilles and Toulon. The light winds prevented the Undaunted August 19. NAVY. 553 taking up her position; but the Redwing and Espoir, in spite of the fire of the four batteries, swept in and covered the ma- rines, who, led by Capt. J. Cogh- lan of the Caledonia, carried the citadel battery by escalade, and then drove the enemy at the point of the bayonet, pursuing them to the heights that com- manded the town. The boats, under Capt. Sinclair, now en- tered the mole, and captured 3 gun-boats and 24 merchant ves- sels. The British had 4 marines killed; one lieutenant (Aaron Tozer), 1 midshipman, and 14 ma- rines wounded. Lieut. Harry Hunt, of the marines, was the first who entered the citadel-battery, by a ladder, under a galling fire. August 19. 1702. Benbow and Du Casse. — Vice-Adm. John Benbow, off Santa Martha, in the West Indies, fell in with a French squadron under Rear-Adm. Du Casse. British. 1 ship of 70 guns 1 „ 64 „ 1 „ 54 ,, 4 ,, 48 ,, French. 4 ships of 70 guns 2 „ 60 „ 1 large Dutch ship, and 5 smaller vessels. Chase was immediately given, but the ships were so much separated that it was some time before Adm. Benbow could make the attack. The brunt of the action was borne by the flag-ship, the Breda, Capt. Fogg, and the Ruby, of 50 guns, Capt. George Walton. Both these ships, and the Fal- mouth, of 48 guns, Capt. Samuel Vincent, pursued the enemy, and were closely engaged, as related in our columns of the 24th August, but from want of energy on the part of Capts. Kirby, of the Defiance, 64, Hudson, of the Pendennis, J ohn Constable, of the Windsor, of 48 guns, and Cooper Wade, of the 5 4- gun ship Green- wich, the enemy effected their escape. 1811. Hawk and French Flotilla. — At 2h. p.m., the 16- gun brig Hawk, Capt. Henry Bourchier, chased a convoy under the protection of three gun-brigs and two large luggers, steering for Barfleur. The five armed vessels having hauled out from the convoy to attack the brig, the Hawk hove to in readiness to re- ceive them. At 30h. 3m. p.m., the action commenced within pistol-shot, and continued with great spirit, until the Hawk suc- ceeded in driving two of the brigs and the two luggers, with 15 sail of the convoy, on shore. While in the act of wearing, the Hawk took the ground, but by great exertions she was again afloat, but lay exposed to an incessant discharge of artillery and mus- ketry from the shore. The boats under Lieut. David Price, under a galling fire of musketry from the beach, succeeded in bringing out the Heron brig, pierced for 1 6 and mounting 10 guns, together with three large transports laden with ship-timber. The remainder of the vessels were on their broad- sides, completely bilged. British loss one man killed and four wounded. — iHebal. 1840. Defeat of Chinese. — The detachments of marines of Druid, 44, Larne and Hyacinth sloops, with a party of seamen and a field-piece, were landed to attack a body of Chinese near the barrier. This force having united with the Bengal volunteers, drove the enemy, who abandoned their guns, and fled in all directions. 554 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. August 21. Having destroyed the fort and spiked the guns, the British re- turned to their respective ships, without having incurred any loss. August 20. 1799. Clyde and Vestale. — The 38-gun frigate Clyde, Capt. Charles Cunningham, when about 7 leagues to the westward of Cordouan lighthouse, with the wind to the northward, at 8h. 30m. a. 3i. chased two sail in the south-west quarter. At noon the strangers bore up, steering differ- ent courses. The largest, the 12- pounder 36-gun frigate Vestale, Capt. Gaspard, was pursued by the Clyde, and at lh. 30m. p.3i. brought to close action. After a gallant resistance of an hour and 50 minutes, the Vestale hauled down her colours, with loss of 10 killed and 22 wounded, out of a crew of 230 men. The Clyde, out of a crew of 281, had 2 killed and 3 wounded. The consort of the Vestale, the 20 -gun corvette Sagesse, was in sight during the action. Lieut. A. R. Kerr, who lost an eye in the Boston, in her action with the Embuscade, was promoted to the rank of com- mander. 1801. In the night, the boats of the frigates Fisgard, Diamond, and Boadicea, under the orders of Lieut. Philip Pipon, boarded and carried the Spanish ship Nep- tuno, pierced for 20 guns, moored within the strong batteries that protect the harbour of Corunna. The corvette, together with a gun- boat and a merchant ship, were safely brought out without sus- taining any loss. August 21. 1797. Penguin and Oiseau. — In lat. 48° 3' N., long. 8° W., the 16-gun brig Penguin, Capt. John King Pulling, at 9h. 30m. A. 3i. brought two brigs to ac- tion, and soon compelled the sternmost to haul down her co- lours. Without taking possession, Capt. Pulling pursued the other brig, and after a running fight or an hour and 40 minutes, the French privateer brig Oiseau, of 18 guns, surrendered. No loss w r as sustained by the Penguin, but the Oiseau had one man killed and five wounded. 1800. Seine and Vengeance. — The 38-gun frigate Seine, mounting 48 guns, Capt. David Milne, cruising in the Mona pas- sage, at 8h. a. 3i. discovered the F rench frigate V engeance, mount- ing 52 guns, which commenced firing her stern guns at 4h. p. 3i. ; but it was not until llh. 30m. that the Seine was enabled to open her broadside. The Ven- geance, nevertheless, continued her course, and her firing so greatly damaged the rigging and sails of the Seine, that she un- avoidably dropped astern. After refitting, the Seine continued the pursuit, and at 8h. A.3i. on the 21st, having got close alongside of her opponent, recommenced the action, which continued until lOh. 30m. A.3r.,when, having lost her foremast and main-topmast, and 35 men being killed and 70 wounded, out of a crew of 326, the Vengeance surrendered. The Seine had one lieutenant (George Milne) and 12 seamen killed, and 29 wounded. — iHctraL 1810. Recapture of Wind- HA3i. — The 36-gun frigate Ne- reide, Capt. N. J. Willoughby, was lying near the Isle de la Passe, when the French 40-gun frigates Bellone and Minerve, Victor sloop, and their prize the Ceylon India- man, were enticed into Grand- Port, by the use of the French August 22. NAVY. 555 signals, which had fallen into our possession at the capture of that little island on the 13th. Another Indiaman that had been captured by the French frigates, the Wind- ham, haying separated from the squadron, and steered for the Riviere Noire, was seen by the 38-gun frigate Sirius, Capt. Pym, while cruising off Port Louis on the 21st August. Not aware of the real force of this ship in the twilight of the morning, Lieut. W. Watling proceeded to board her with the gig, and jolly-boat, under Mr. John Andrews, mid- shipman ; and owing to some mismanagement, both boats were unprovided with arms. Daylight discovered to the bold adventurers a ship of 800 tons, apparently armed with 30 guns, very near to the French batteries, and distant three miles from the Sirius. Un- daunted by these discouraging circumstances, this gallant little band pulled alongside the ship, and, armed with the boats’ stretch- ers, fought their way up the side and gained possession of the Windham, mounting 26 guns, commanded by a lieutenant de vaisseau, with a crew of 30 men, and within shot of the French batteries. After sustaining their fire for 20 minutes, by which four of the crew were wounded, Lieut. Watling succeeded in bringing off his prize. August 22. 1795. Stag and Alliance. — A small British squadron, con- sisting of the 50-gun ship Isis, 36-gun frigates Reunion, Stag of 32, and Vestal of 28 guns, were cruising off the coast of Norway, when the two Dutch 36-gun frigates Argo and Al- liance, with a 16 -gun cutter, were discovered and chased. The Stag, Capt. Joseph Yorke, closed with the Alliance, and after an action of 50 minutes, compelled her to surrender. The Stag had four killed and 13 wounded. After a running fight, in which the Reunion had one man killed and three wounded, the Isis two men wounded, and the Argo two killed and 15 wounded, the latter with the cutter got safe into the harbour of Egeroe. 1798. Capture of Decade. — The 38-gun frigate Naiad, Capt. Wm. Pierrepoint, off Cape Finis- terre, at noon fell in with and chased the French 36-gun frigate Decade. The pursuit continued, until 2h. p.m. on the 23rd, when the 44-gun ship Magnanime, Capt. Hon. Michael De Courcy, joined in the chase, and after a running fight from 5h. p. m. until 6k. 15m. p. m., the Decade hauled down her colours. 1806. The boats of the 36-gun frigate Alexandria, Capt. Edward D. King, in which were Lieuts. JosephLewis and Edmund Nagle, and Master’s Mate Alfred Smith, boarded and carried a Spanish brig and a garda-costa, moored under the batteries in the har- bour of Rio de la Plata, on the Spanish main. As the vessels were stripped of their sails, and secured to the shore, Lieut. Lewis, after sustaining a severe fire for two hours, and consequently a heavy loss, ordered them to be destroyed. Mr. Smith and five men were killed; Lieut. Nagle, Midshipman Samuel Marshall, the gunner, and eight seamen wounded. August 23. 1794. VOLONTAIRE DESTROYED. — Commodore Sir J. B. Warren, in the Flora, 36, with a squadron of five frigates, drove on shore 556 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. August 24, on the Penmarcks the French 3 6 -gun frigate Volontaire, where she was completely wrecked. The Alerte and Espion, of 18 guns, were also driven on shore ; but the latter was got off without having sustained much injury. 1796. Destruction of An- dromaque. — French 36-gun fri- gate Andromaque, driven on shore near Arcasson by Galatea, Capt. R. G. Keats, and Sylph, 18, Capt. J. C. White, completely destroyed. 1806. Capture of Pomona. — In the morning, the 3 8 -gun frigate Arethusa, Capt. Charles Brisbane, and 44 - gun frigate Anson, Capt. Charles Lydiard, cruising off the Havannah, disco- vered, within two miles of the Moro castle, the Spanish 34-gun frigate Pomona, which, finding herself driven to leeward of the port by the current, bore up and anchored within pistol-shot of a castle mounting eleven long 36- pounders, where she was rein- forced by 10 gun-boats from Havannah, each mounting a long 24-pounder, with 60 men. At lOh. a. m., the British frigates came to an anchor, — the Anson abreast of the gun-boats, which were formed in line ahead of the Pomona, whilst the Arethusa, on her consort’s starboard quarter, lay close alongside of the Spanish frigate ; and a warm action now commenced. In 35 minutes the Pomona struck her colours, and during that time all the gun- boats had previously blowm up, sunk, or been driven on shore. The castle continued the can- nonade a short time longer, until the explosion of part of the bat- tery put an entire stop to the action. The Anson had not a man hurt ; but the Arethusa had two men killed, Lieut. Henry Higman, Lieut, of Marines John Fennell, and 29 wounded. The Pomona, out of a crew of 347 men, had her captain and 20 men killed, two lieutenants and 30 men wounded. — August 24. 1217. Defeat of Eustace the Monk. — A fleet of eighty ships and a large number of galleys, commanded by Eustace the Monk, put to sea from Calais on 24th August, wfith the in- tention of proceeding up the Thames to London. Herbert de Burg, governor of Dover castle, by great exertions collected six- teen large ships and about twenty smaller vessels, and with this small force put to sea. The wind was blowing fresh from the south- ward, and the French, not antici- pating the hostile reception in store for them, -were steering free, to round the North Foreland. Overtaking the French rear, the English threw their grapnels on board, and a furious onslaught w r as made upon the enemy. Quantities of unslaked lime, re- duced to powder, being blown by the wind into the eyes of their opponents, completed their dis- may. The English then boarded the enemy, and, cutting away the masts, rendered the ships entirely helpless. Out of the whole fleet, only fifteen escaped. 1 702. Benbow and Du Casse. — Vice-Adm. Benbow, continuing to follow the enemy’s squadron, noticed on the 19th instant, dis- tantly attacked them on the 20th; but it was not until the 24th, at 2h. a. m., that the Breda was enabled to close with the stem- most French ship, which Benbow in person boarded three times, and was twice w r ounded. Shortly afterwards, this gallant officer had his right leg shattered by a August 25. NAVY. 557 a chain-shot, and was carried below; but he insisted on being again taken upon deck, where he remained lying in his cradle, giving directions during the re- mainder of the action. The op- ponent of the Breda lost her mizen-mast, and was otherwise completely disabled ; but soon after daylight her consorts bore down to her assistance ; and at the same time Benbow had the mortification of seeing the Wind- sor, Pendennis, Greenwich, and Defiance running away to lee- ward, despite of his signal then flying for close action. The ene- my, observing the dastardly con- duct of Benbow’s captains, sharply assailed the Breda ; and then taking their disabled consort, her late opponent, in tow, made sail away. The heroic Benbow finding himself deserted by his captains, gave over the pursuit, and pro- ceeded with his squadron to Jamaica, where he died of his wounds on the 4th November. 1841. Reduction of Amoy. — At lh. 30m. p. M., the 74-gun ships Wellesley and Blenheim, after ranging along the line of works of Amoy, which mounted above 300 guns, under a smart fire, anchored by the stern at 2h. 30m., within 400 yards of the principal battery. The Cruiser, Pylades, Columbine, and Algerine sloops, took their positions at the extreme point of the line, and covered the landing of the troops, flanked by the Sesostris and Queen steam ves- sels, while the Blonde and Druid frigates and Modeste sloop reached their stations against the batteries of Koo-lang-soo. At 3h. 30m., 170 marines, under Captain Ellis, followed by the companies of the 26th regiment, under Major Johnstone, landed, and the British colours were soon planted on the fortifications. The marines of the Blenheim, under Capt. Whitcomb, and a party of seamen, under Com- mander Fletcher, landed, and drove the enemy from their guns in the principal battery. Every point being now in the power of the British, they occupied the heights above the town for the night. August 25 a 1796. When inlat. 41° 39' N., long. 66° 24' W., the 20-gun ship Raison, Capt. John P. Beresford, engaged the French 40-gun ship Vengeance; but a fog coming on, the combatants separated. The Raison was much cut up, and had 3 men killed and six wounded. 1799. Tamar and Republi- cain. — The 38 -gun frigate Ta- mar, Capt. Thos. Western, cruis- ing off Surinam, chased the French 28-gun frigate Republi- can!, Capt. Le Bosec, and on the following day brought her to close action. After a gallant resistance, which was continued while a chance of escape re- mained, the Republicain sur- rendered, having lost nine men killed and 12 wounded, out of a crew of 281. The Tamar had two men wounded. 1811. Successful Ruse. — The 38-gun frigate Diana, Capt. Wm. Ferris, and 36-gun frigate Semi- ramis, Capt. Charles Richardson, having on the 24th August de- scried five vessels, under the convoy of the 14-gun brig Teazer (late British), at the entrance of the Gironde river, adopted the following stratagem to effect their capture. At 4h. 30m. p.m., the two frigates, under French colours and making the signal for a pilot, stood boldly in. The Teazer having hoisted her colours and 558 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. August 26 . fired a gun to leeward, the signal for a friend, the British ships promptly repeated the gun, and at 6h. p.m. they tacked. The bat- tery at Pointe-la-Coubre now fired a few shot, but the Capt. of the Teazer, as she ran past, hailed the commandant, and informed him that the strangers were the Elbe and Pallas, from Rochefort. The battery then ceased firing, and shortly afterwards a pilot- boat came alongside the Diana. At 7 p.m., the frigates anchored off Pointe-de-Grave, between the Cordouan and Royan, under the batteries of which place lay the Teazer, in company with the 16- gun brig- corvette Pluvier. The Teazer’s convoy having anchored four miles higher up the river, at 7h. 30m. p.m. three boats from the Diana, under Lieut. Fras. Sparrow, and four from the Se- miramis, under Lieut. Thos. Gard- ner, were despatched to attempt their capture. And at 6h. a.m. on the 25th, the two frigates, under their assumed character, got un- der way, and steered for Verdon road ; when Capt. Dubourg, of the Pluvier, went on board the Diana, nor did he discover his mistake until he had ascended the quarter- deck. While the Semiramis stood towards the inner brig, the Diana laid the Teazer close alongside. In an instant she was boarded, and carried, without the loss of a man. The Pluvier, on the approach of the Semiramis, cut her cables and grounded under the battery of Royan. Lieuts. Gardner and Grace, with the three boats, having returned from capturing the convoy, boarded and carried the Pluvier, without greater loss than Lieut. Gardner and two seamen wounded. Hav- ing burnt the corvette, the Semi- ramis stood out to join the Diana, which had anchored out of gun- shot, in company with the Teazer and the five vessels late under her charge. August 26. 1804. In sight of the Emperor Napoleon, a flotilla of sixty brigs and upwards of thirty luggers, was attacked off Cape Grisnez, by the Immortalite, 38, Commo- dore Owen, 18-gun brig Harpy, Capt. E. Hey wood, 12 -gun brig Adder, Lieut. George Wood, and Constitution cutter, Lieut. J. J. A. Dennis, within shot of their numerous batteries. Several gun- vessels ran ashore, and the re- mainder bore up for Boulogne. The Constitution was struck by a shell ; and one seaman killed and six wounded, was the total loss of the British squadron. 1808. Capture of Sewolod. — A Russian fleet of nine sail of the line, three 50 -gun ships, eight frigates and smaller vessels, in all 24 sail, anchored in Hango bay, Swedish Finland, on 19th of August. On the 20th, Rear-Adm. Sir Wm. Hood, in the Centaur, 74, Capt. Webley, with Implaca- ble, 74, Capt. T. B. Martin, joined the Swedish squadron of eleven sail of the line, but unfortunately more than a third of their crews were on the sick list with scurvy. On the 25th, the combined fleet weighed from Oro roads, and on the morning of the 26th, at 4h., the two British ships were many miles to windward of the Swedes ; and the Implacable, two miles to windward of the Centaur, was within five miles of the Sewolod, the stern most Russian ship. After several tacks, the Implacable, at 7h. 30ra., ranged up alongside her; and so vigorous a cannonade was kept up, that the Sewolod struck her colours. At this mo- ment, the Russian admiral was Divers, library OF THE nr QF August 27. NAVY. 559 within two miles' of the Impla- cable, bearing down to the rescue of the Sewolod. The . Centaur having recalled her consort, the two British ships bore up for the Swedish fleet, then ten miles to leeward. The Implaca- ble had 6 men killed and 26 wounded. About noon, the Rus- sian fleet anchored in the port of Rogerwick, leaving the Sewolod aground, on a shoal near the en- trance of the harbour. In the afternoon, the 74 having floated off, a division of boats from the Russian squadron proceeded to her assistance. Sir Samuel Hood, determined to prevent this, bore up, to cut her off before the boats could arrive. The Centaur, rang- ing alongside, discharged her guns with great execution, and then lashed the bowsprit of the Russian ship to the Centaur’s mizen-rigging. Much valour was displayed on both sides, and after an hour’s gallant fighting, the Sewolod’s colours were again struck. The prize having taken the ground, was set on fire and burnt to the water’s edge. The Centaur had three men killed ; Lieut. P. Lawless and 26 wound- ed .— Mzttal August 27. 1809. The 32-gun frigate Am- phion, Capt. Wm. Hoste, on the 24th discovered in the Port of Cortelazzo, situated near Trieste, six Italian gun-boats and a con- voy of trabaccalos moored close under a battery of four 24- pounders. Finding it impractica- ble, on account of the shallowness of the water, to enter the port, with the frigate, Capt. Hoste re- solved to attempt the capture of these vessels with the boats. To prevent suspicion, the ship was kept out of sight of land until the evening of the 26th, when, crowding all sail, the Amphion stood in shore, and at Ih. a.m. on the 27th anchored off the en- trance of the Piavie river. At 3h. a.m., a detachment of 70 sea- men and marines, commanded by Lieut. Charles G. R. Phillott, landed about a mile to the south- ward of the battery; and at 3h. 15m. a.m., the party attacked the fort, which was carried in less than 10 minutes. The guns of the battery were then turned on the gun-boats, which were boarded by the division under Lieut. Slaughter, and, after a slight opposition, taken possession of, as well as two laden trabac- colos, which were brought off, and five others burnt. The only loss sustained by the British was one man wounded. 1816. Bombardment or Al- giers. — A squadron under Adm. Lord Exmouth, prepared to act against the forts of Algiers, con- sisting of Queen Charlotte, 100 guns, Impregnable, 98, Superb, Minden, and Albion, 74, Leander, 50, Severn and Glasgow, 40, Granicus and Hebrus, 36 guns, with five brigs and four bombs, on the 9th August, were joined in Gibraltar bay by five Dutch frigates, under Vice - Admiral the Baron Van de Capellen, sailed again on the 14th, and at daybreak on the 27th arrived off Algiers. At this time, the ships lying nearly becalmed, Lord Ex- mouth, despatched Lieut. Samuel Burgess to demand of the Dey the following conditions: — The abolition of Christian slavery ; the release of Christian slaves ; the repayment of the money recently exacted for the redemption of certain Neapolitan and Sardinian slaves ; peace with the King of the Netherlands; and the imme- diate liberation of the British 560 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. August 27, consul, with the officers and boats’ crews of the Prometheus. Mean- while, a breeze having sprung up, the fleet stood into the bay, and lay to, about a mile from the city ; upon the various batteries of which upwards of a thousand guns were mounted. No reply arriving from the Dey, at 2h. 35m. p.m. the Queen Charlotte an- chored with springs about 50 yards from the mole-head, and having opened her starboard broadside, the action became general. On the larboard bow of the Queen Char- lotte lay the Leander, with her starboard after-guns bearing upon the mole, and the foremost ones on the fishmarket battery. Ahead of the Leander was the Severn, her starboard broadside bearing full upon the fishmarket battery. Close to the Severn was the Glas- gow, her larboard guns bearing on the town batteries. On the larboard quarter of the Queen Charlotte was the Superb, her starboard broadside bearing on the 60-gun battery next to the mole-head. It was intended that the Impregnable and Albion should have anchored close astern of the Superb ; but the former not being sufficiently advanced when the firing commenced, brought up considerably outside her appointed station. The Impregnable thus lay exposed, at the distance of 450 yards, as well to the light- house battery of three tiers, as to the eastern battery of two tiers. The Minden, observing the space between the Impregnable and her second ahead, pushed on, and took up a position about her own jcngth astern of the Superb. The Albion, about 3h. p.m., came to within her own length of the Minden. The Dutch admiral gal- lantly ran past the Melampus, with his jib-boom over the Glas- gow’s taffrail. The Hebrus, being becalmed, anchored a little with- out the line, on the larboard bow of the Queen Charlotte; and the Granicus between the Queen Charlotte and Superb. The brigs took their stations as most convenient, and the four bomb-vessels anchored about two thousand yards from the enemy’s works ; whilst the flotilla of mor- tar-boats, gun-boats, &c., under Lieut. Frederick T. Michell, placed themselves where they could most annoy the enemy. The fire of the Queen Charlotte was so well directed, that the third broadside levelled the south end of the mole to its foundation. She then sprang her broadside to- wards the batteries over the town gate leading to the mole, and their demolition was speedily ef- fected. The Leander, having directed her fire at the Algerine gun-boats and row-galleys, com- pletely frustrated their intention of boarding the nearest British ships. About 4h. p.m., the barge of the Queen Charlotte, under Lieut. Peter Richards, set fire to the Algerine frigate, lying across the mole ; and in less than a quar- ter of an hour the ship was in flames. By 4h. 30m., the Impreg- nable having sustained a loss of 150 in killed and wounded, the Glasgow was ordered to divert the enemy’s fire, but it being per- fectly calm, after an hour’s exer- tion, she anchored a short distance ahead of the Severn, and thus became exposed to a severe fire from the fishmarket and conti- guous batteries. By 7h. p.m., the mortar and rocket-boats had set all the vessels within the harbour in flames, and the city was also set on fire in several parts by the shells from the bomb-vessels. The cannonade continued until 10 p.m. , when the upper tiers of the batteries on the mole being August 29. NAVY. 561 nearly destroyed, and the lower tier almost silenced, the Queen Charlotte cut her cables, and stood out with a light air of wind, which fortunately sprang up from off the land. The other ships fol- lowing as well as their dis- abled condition would permit, made but slow progress ; and the Leander, Superb, and Impregna- ble suffered much from the raking fire of a fort at the upper angle of the city. Before 2h. a. m. on the 28th, the whole fleet were out of range of shot or shell ; but as if to add to the awful grandeur of the scene, for nearly three hours the lightning and thunder were incessant, and the rain poured in torrents. — Killed. Wounded. British loss - - 128 692 Dutch „ - - 13 52 Total loss - 141 744 August 23. 1796. Capture of the Eli zabeth. — On 28th August, a squadron of five sail of the line, under the command of Vice- Admiral George Murray, in the 74-gun ship Resolution, off the Chesapeake, gave chase to three Erench frigates. The 36-gun frigate Elizabeth was overtaken and captured by 36-gun frigate Topaze, Capt. Stephen G. Church. The others escaped. August 29.. 1350. King Edward defeats the Spaniards. — The Spaniards having plundered some English ships and murdered their crews, King Edward assembled a fleet, and proceeded to Winchelsea. On the 28th August, he embarked on board the cog Thomas, accom- panied by the Earl of Richmond and about 400 knights. At 4h. p. m. on Sunday the 29th, the Spaniards were observed sailing down Channel at a rapid rate. The English stood out to the attack, led by their chivalrous king ; and on arriving close to a heavy ship, Edward, reckless of the consequences, ordered his steersman to lay her aboard. Such was the violence of the contact, that the mast of the cog Thomas went over the side, and the ship sprang a leak. The Spaniard having sheered off, Ed- ward with difficulty succeeded in grappling another enemy, which he impetuously boarded, and, af- ter much opposition, carried; then abandoning the sinking cog, the king removed his crew into the prize. The Spanish fleet was completely beaten, and twenty- six large ships captured. The monarch, satisfied with his vic- tory, stood inshore and anchored at Rye, with his prizes. 1800. Capture of Guepe.—— On 29th August, while a squadron under Rear-Adm. Sir J. B. War- ren, consisting of the Renown, Courageux, and Defence, 74, Eis- gard and Unicorn frigates, was proceeding along the coast of Spain, a large Erench privateer, named the Guepe, was observed to anchor under the batteries of Vigo, in the narrows of Rcdon- dela. In the evening a division of boats, 20 in number, under the orders of Lieut. Henry Burke, of the Renown, proceeded to the attack of the privateer, which mounted 18 long eight-pounders, with a crew of 161 men. It was about 40 minutes past midnight when the boats got alongside the ship, which was fully prepared; nevertheless the British resolutely boarded, and in fifteen minutes carried her. The loss in this desperate affair amounted to four o o CALENDAR OE VICTORY. September 1. 562 P11 tilled; Lieuts. Burke, John Henry Holmes, and J osephNourse, Sd n men wounded. As a proof how obstinately the ^“ 9 ? tilled been defended, she had 25 killed ^d 40 wounded, includmgamong the mortally wounded her brave commander, the citizen Dupan. Xtlal to boats of the Renown, TmnStueux, London, Courageux Amethyst, Stag, Amelia, Brilliant, and Cynthia. August 30. 1799. Surrender oe Dotch SQUAnnort.-Vice-Adm. Mi chel with a British squadron q at five , M got under way from tne Helder g and steered for the Texel, formed in line ' .r^ran ■Rnmuev and Ins, of 50, V eteran, Ardentf Belliqueux, Monmouth, Overvsel, Mistisloff (Russian), of 64 guns, and four frigates. They stood along the narrow and intri- Lte channel of the Vlieter, to eio-ht two-deckers and frigates, under Adm. Storey, and anchored Tn the south-east channel upon the Vogel sand. A summons Ss then sent to the Dutch ad- miral, and on the same day they took possession of the 101 have described. . 1806. In the evening the 20- srun ship Bacchante, Capt. James | Dacres, cruising off the Spanish main sent her boats, under Lieut. George Norton, to effect the cap- turc or destruction of som ® vc ®' sels in the harbour of Santa Martha. On the 30th, at lh. A.M., ““ boats, under a heavy five from the batteries and some field pieces on the beach, dashed along- side the vessels, and, in spite of this formidable opposition, cap- tured and brought out an a ™, d brig and two armed feluccas, witl out" sustaining any loss. August 31i 1807. Reduction of Heligo- land.— On 31 st August the island of Heligoland capitulated to a British force, the naval part o which was under the command of Vice- Adm. Thomas Macna- mara Russell. _ . . ? 1807. In the night, the boats of the Psyche frigate, commanded by Lieut. Lambert Iversteman, boarded two vessels at anchor m I the road of Griesse, East Indies ; and although defended by the batteries of the town, an 8-gun schooner and a large mere brig were gallantly brought out. 1812. Attack oe PortLemo. —The 38-gun frigate Bacchante, Capt. William Hoste, lying an- chored off Rovigno, on the south- west coast of Istria, despatched five boats, under tne orders of Lieut. D. H. O’Brien, containing 62 officers and men, to attempt the capture of several vessel, laden with ship-timber, in Port Lemo. Lieut. O’Brien captured two vessels at the entrance of the harbour, from which he obtained information that the convoy he was about to attack, was under the protection of a xebec of three guns, and two gun-boats. Leav hm the two prizes m charge of Mr Langton and six men, the remaining 55 dashed on to the attack. The skill and gentry of Lieut. O’Brien and his party- carried all before them, and, with- out sustaining any loss, they cap- tured seven laden vessels, to„ ther with the armed force u, have already described.— JtU Hal September 1. 1762. Capture of Zepiiti .The 60 -gun ship Lion, ^ a P Le Cras, having chased from t) [ squadron of Commodore Man September 2. NAVY. 563 off Ushant, fell in with French 32-gun frigate Zephyr, but hay- ing only 22 mounted, with a crew of 250 men, bound to New- foundland, with military stores. Although of such inferior force, the enemy’s frigate did not sur- render until she had sustained a running fight of one hour ; with the loss of nine men killed and twenty -five wounded. 1782. Capture of Aigle. — The 18 -gun sloop Due de Char- tres, Capt. J, C. Purvis, on the North American station, cap- tured the French 22-gun corvette Aigle, Capt. De Preneuf, after an action of one hour’s duration, in which she had her captain and 12 men killed, and 15 wounded. The Due de Chartres sustained no loss. Capt. Purvis was pro- moted for his gallant conduct. September 2. 1762. Capture of San Josef. — The iEolus, 32, Capt. Hotham, cruising off Cape Pinas, gave chase to two ships, which, having taken shelter under a small bat- tery in Avilas bay, they were closely pursued; and the frigate anchoring with a spring on her cable, opened a well-directed fire upon the battery and the largest of the ships. After a short resist- ance, both were abandoned by the Spaniards, The marines were then landed, and spiked the guns; and Lieut, Paisley in the mean- time took possession of the ship, which was so fast aground that he set her on fire. She was the San Josef, 1100 tons burthen, pierced for 60 guns, having 32 mounted, from the Caraccas, bound to Pas- sage. The other ship, by warp- ing into shoal water, escaped. 1781. Capture of Magi- cienne. — The 50-gun ship Chatham, Capt. Andrew’ Snape Douglas, off Boston, captured the French 32 -gun frigate, Magi- cicnne, Captain the Chevalier Bouchetiere, with the loss of 32 killed and 54 wounded. Chat- ham, 1 killed, 1 wounded. The Ma- gicienne, being a very fine vessel, was added to the British navy under the same name, and con- tinued a cruising ship for nearly thirty years. 1801. The squadron under Capt. Lawrence Halstead, in the Phoenix, with Minerve and Po- mone, Capts. George Cockburn and Edward Leveson Gower, blockading Porto Ferrago, fell in with French frigates Succes, (late British) of 32- guns, and Bravoure of 36-guns, which, after a short chase, were driven on shore near Vada. The Bravoure was destroyed ; but the Succes was got off, and restored to the British navy. 1801. Victor and Fleche. — The 18-gun corvette Victor, Capt. George Kalph Collier, while cruising off the Seychelle islands, discovered to leeward the French 8-pounder 18-gun brig Fleche, and at 5h. 30m. p. m. brought her to action ; but the Fleche, after a few broadsides, crossing the Victor’s stern, hauled to the wind and made sail away, followed by the Victor as soon as she had repaired her running rigging. The pursuit continued during the two suc- ceeding days, as detailed in the Calendar of 7th September. September 3. 1782. Hughes and De Suff- rein. — Vice-Adm. Sir Edward Hughes, on 3rd Sept., for the fourth time engaged the French squadron, under Commodore De Suffrein, in the East Indies. O O 2 564 CALENDAR OF VICTORY, September 3, British. 3 ships, of 74 guns. 1 >» 70 ,, 1 ,, 68 „ 6 „ 64 „ 1 „ 50 „ 12 ships, 794 guns, and four frigates. French. 4 ships, of 74 guns. 8 „ 64 „ 3 ,, 50 ,, 15 ships, 958 guns. The British were formed in line as the French bore down from the harbour of Trincomalee to the attack at 2h. 30m. p. m., five ships steering for the British van, and two on the Monmouth and Worcester in the rear. The latter ship being oppressed, the Monmouth gallantly closed to her support. The action then became general, the two flag- ships being warmly engaged. At 3h. 30m., the ship astern of the Heros lost her mizen-mast, and the next ahead her fore and mizen topmasts. The action con- tinued until 5h. 30m., when the wind shifted to ESE. which brought the English to windward ; and the effect of the fire now opened brought down the main and mizen-mast of the Heros. At 7h. p.m., the ships of De Suffrein wore and stood inshore, receiving o severe cannonade as they passed to leeward of the British line. But it certainly does seem unac- countable, that no effort should have been made to follow the beaten enemy, several of whom were much disabled, and the Heros had only her foremast standing. Among the killed were Capts. James Watt, of the Sultan, Charles Wood, of the Worcester, and the Hon. Thomas Lumley, of the Iris. The following is the loss incurred in the five several battles that Sir Edward Hughes fought with M. De Suffrein: — 1782. 1783 To- tal. 6th 12th 6th 3rd 20th Feb. Ap. July. Sep. Jun. Killed - 32 137 77 51 99 396 Wounded 83 430 233 283 431 1460 Total - 115 567 310 334 530 1856 1800. Capture of Concep- tion and Paz. — Eight boats from the 74-gun ship Minotaur, Capt. Thomas Louis, and 32-gun frigate Niger, en flute , under the orders of Capt. James Hillyar, of the latter, proceeded at 8 a. m. to attempt the capture of the two Spanish corvettes Conception and Paz, each mounting 22 long 12- and 8 -pounders. As the boats approached, the Conception, about 9h. p. m., discharged a harmless broadside. The British, pushing on with their accustomed alacrity, were alongside before the corvette could reload her guns. They instantly boarded, and, after a sharp struggle, carried the Con- ception. The announcement of this victory by the cheers of the British was the signal for the Spaniards in the other ship to cut their cable, and endeavour to run close under the battery at the mole-head ; but the ship cast- ing the wrong way, and the British being alert in their move- ments, the Paz, in spite of a heavy fire from four strong bat- teries, 10 gun-boats, two schooners, mounting each two long 36- pounders, and a fort on the hill throwing shells, before 1 Oh. p.m. shared the fate of her consort. About llh. p.m., the boats, with the two captured ships, reached the Minotaur, having only three men killed and five wounded. September ft. NAVY. 565 1806. Attack of Bratabano. — Capt. Le Geyt, in the Stork, 18-gun sloop, with schooners Superieure, 14, Capt. Edward Rushworth, Flying Fish, 1 2, Lieut. G. Gooding, and Pike, 4, Lieut. John Ottley, sailed from Port Royal on 25th August, and on the 30th arrived off the Isle of Pines, when a Spanish schooner of 10 guns was captured by the Pike. The object of the expe- dition being to attack Bratabano, then thirty leagues distant, Capt. Rushworth, after lightening the three schooners, proceeded up the bight, but owing to the intricacy of the navigation, these vessels did not reach within twenty miles of their destination till the 2nd September. At midnight they again moved forward, but it was broad daylight on the 3rd before they could reach the harbour. Capt. Rushworth then landing within two miles of the battery of Bratabano, with 50 men pushed on to the attack, and in spite of every opposition gained the fort, which mounted six long 1 8-pounders. Having spiked the guns, the boats took possession of a felucca, pierced for 14 guns, but having only one long 18- pounder mounted, a 12 -gun schooner, and four privateers, to- gether with six laden vessels. This gallant enterprise was ac- complished with the trifling loss of one man wounded. 1814. The United States fri- gate Adams, lying moored abreast the town of Hampden, protected by 1400 militia, and the ap- proaches to the town defended by eight long 18-pounders and fifteen 18-pounders, placed on a wharf close to the frigate, was attacked, by a party of seamen and marines, amounting to about 1760 men, under Captain Robert Barrie, of the 74-gun ship Dragon, lying in the Ponobscot river. Before the boats got within grape- shot, Capt. Morris, of the Adams, set the ship on fire, by which two other vessels were destroyed. The British then pushed on for Bangor, where they destroyed se- veral vessels, including a 16-gun brig and the Decatur privateer. September ft. 1777. The homeward-bound fleet from the West Indies, under convoy of the 22-gun ship Camel, Capt. the Hon. W. Finch, 14-gun sloop Druid, 6-pounders, and 16- gun sloop Weazel, Capts. Peter Carteret and Samuel Warren, being in lat. 40° 30' N., long. 50°. 17' W., were chased by the United States 32 - gun frigate Raleigh, Capt. T. Thomson, and 24-gun frigate Alfred, Capt. E. Hinxman. At 5h. p.m., the Ra- leigh ranged up alongside the Druid, when a smart action en- sued. Capt. Carteret was mor- tally wounded and the master killed by the first broadside. Lieut. John Bourchier, succeed- ing to the command, continued to fight the ship so vigorously, that at 6h. p. m. the enemy made sail ahead, leaving the Druid in so disabled a state in sails and rigging as to be incapable of pursuit. At 6h. 20m., the Raleigh hauled down her colours, and made sail to leeward to close the Alfred; and the two American frigates permitted themselves to be driven from the convoy without a single trophy. The Druid, besides her captain, had 9 men killed and twenty-one wounded. Lieut. Bourchier was promoted to the command of the Druid. 1782. Capture of Hebe. The 44-gun ship Rainbow (armed entirely with carronades: 20 68- pounders, 22 42-pounders, and 6 0 0 3 566 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. September 6. 32 -pounders), Capt. Henry Trol- ] lope, being off the isle of Bas, chased, and at 7h. a. m. brought to action, the Erench 40 -gun frigate Hebe, of 1063 tons, com- manded by the Chevalier de Vigny, with a crew of 360 men. After a running fight, the Rainbow closed with her oppo- nent at 8h. 30m., and having discharged one broadside, the Hebe hauled down her colours, with the loss of 5 men killed. The Rainbow did not sustain any loss. The Hebe was purchased into the British navy, and, being a beautiful ship, served as a model to English shipwrights for many years. September 5. the wind, without any attempt on the part of the Erench to renew the contest. At this period Cape Henry bore north-west, three leagues distant. The loss of the British amounted to 79 killed, 230 wounded; that of the enemy, 250 in killed and wounded. The Erench fleet continued in sight of the British during the succeeding four days, with the power of bringing on an action; but, al- though much superior in force, they°did not evince any disposi- tion to renew the contest. Comparative Force of the Two Fleets. British. French. Ships Guns Men 19 - 24 1,408 - 1,822 11,311 - 18,100 1781. Action off Ltnn Haven Bay. — The Erench fleet of 24 ships of the line, under Admiral Comte de Grasse, was lying at anchor in Lynn Haven bay, when the British fleet of 19 sail of the line, under Rear-Adm. Sir Thomas Graves, appeared off that anchorage. The Erench fleet, on the approach of the British, got under way, and stood off shore on the larboard tack. At lh. p.m., the two fleets were nearly abreast of each other, on opposite tacks. At about lh. 50m., the signal was made to Rear-Adm. Drake, com- manding the rear division (which was now the leading one of the fleet), to bear up and close with the enemy. At 4 h. 45m. f.m., the advanced ships of the British having arrived within less than half gun-shot of the enemy’s van, commenced the action. The Bri- tish van and centre soon became generally engaged, but the rear took no part in the action. After the battle had lasted about two hours, without any decisive re- sult, the British fleet hauled to 1800. The fortress of Valetta and its dependencies capitulated; and the island of Malta was taken possession of by the forces under Major-Gen. Pigot and Captain George Martin. In the port were the 64-gun ships Athenien and Dego, and frigate Cartha- genaise. The Athenien was added to the British navy. 1810. The boats of 38-gun fri- gate Surveillante, under the orders of Lieut, the Hon. Jas. Arbuth- not, captured a Erench brig lying under the batteries of St. Gildas and St. Jacques, in the Morbihan; and although the boats were also exposed to the fire of a body of troops and field-pieces, the brig was brought off without any casualty. September 6. 1808. Recruit and Dili- gente.— The 18-gun brig Re- cruit, Capt. Charles Napier, in lat. 17° 50' N., long. 58° 10' W. discovered to windward tin Erench corvette Diligente, ant September 7. NAVY. 567 at 8h. 40m. a.m. exchanged broad- sides within pistol-shot, by which fire Capt. Napier was wounded, but not compelled to quit the deck. At 8h. 40m., the Recruit succeeded in bringing her oppo- nent to close action, which con- tinued until 1 Ih. 30m., when the brig’s mainmast was shot away within a few feet of the deck. In this situation she was raked by the Diligente, who then, pass- ing ahead, exchanged broadsides, and then bore away before the wind, followed by the British brig as well as her disabled condition would admit. The Recruit had her commander and Lieut. M. de Willetts wounded. 1810. Two boats of the 38-gun frigate Surveillante, in charge of Master’s Mate John Illingworth, were sent to destroy a watch- tower and a battery, mounting one long 24-pounder, lately erect- ed at the entrance of the river Crache. This service was gal- lantly executed in broad day- light. Having first decoyed the guard from the battery, the Bri- tish attacked and drove the enemy from the beach, spiked the gun, and levelled the building with the ground. 1811. Early in the morning the 18-gun brig Pilot, Capt. Toup Nicolas, observing a ketch secured to the walls of the fort of Cas- tellan, stood in and anchored close to the town. The boats under Lieut. Alexander Campbell were then despatched, and that officer having gallantly landed under the castle walls, after some opposition, set the ketch on fire, without sustaining any loss. September 7. 1798. The Phaeton and Anson frigates, Capts. Rob. Stopford and P. C. Durham, cruising off the Prench coast, captured the French 32-gun frigate Flore. 1801. Victor and Fleche. — On the 2nd, the 18 -gun ship- sloop Victor, Capt. George R. Collier, cruising off the Seychelle islands, discovered the French 8 -pounder 18 -gun brig Fleche, Lieut. Bonnavie. The Victor brought the chase to close action at 5h. 30m. p. m., but the Fleche, after a few broadsides, made sail away. At 3h. 30m. p. m. on the 5th, the Victor descried her late opponent, standing in for the an- chorage at Mahe ; and at day- light on the 6th the Fleche was seen lying at the mouth of the inner harbour, with springs on her cables. An incessant can- nonade was maintained by both vessels, until 2h. 20m., a. m. on the 7th, when the Fleche was discovered to be sinking, and the boats of the Victor had scarcely taken possession of their prize before she fell over on her lar- board side and sank. Out of a crew of 145, the Fleche sustained a severe loss ; but the Victor had only Mr. Middleton and one sea- man wounded, and that loss was in the previous contest. 1807. Expedition to Copen- hagen. — A demand having been made by Great Britain for the surrender of the Danish fleet, in consequence of the treaty of Til- sit, Adm. Gambier sailed from Yarmouth roads on the 26th July, with 17 sail of the line, 21 frigates, and smaller vessels ; and in the early part of August the British force before Copenhagen amounted to twenty -five ships of the line, forty frigates, sloops, &c., having on board transports 27,000 troops, under Gen. Lord Cathcart. On the 2nd Sept., the batteries opened upon the town and forts, and the bombardment continued with little intermission o o 4 5S8 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. September 10. until the evening of the 5th, when the Danes proposed to capitulate ; and on the morning of the 7 th the terms were ratified by the re- spective parties stipulating that the British were to be put in pos- session of the citadel, the ships of war, and their stores ; but within six weeks the citadel was to be restored, and the island of Zea- land evacuated by the British. The loss sustained by the British during the operations amounted to 156 killed, 175 wounded, and 25 missing. Eighteen ships of the line, and two 38-gun frigates, six 36-gun frigates, two 20-gun ships, twelve smaller vessels, and twenty gun-boats were brought away ; and three ships on the stocks were taken to pieces and brought off. 1809. In the night, the boats of the 28-gun frigate Mercury, under the orders of Lieut. Watkin Owen Pell, pulled into the harbour of Barletta, near Manfredonia, where they boarded and carried the Prench schooner Pugliese, mount- ing five 6-, and two 18-pounders, with 31 men on board, without a man being hurt on the part of the British. September 8. 1811. On 8th September, the 36-gun frigate Hotspur, Captain the Hon. Joceline Percy, arrived off Calvados, and stood in to the attack of seven brigs, chased into that port by the Barbadoes and Goshawk on the preceding day. At 6h. f.m., the Hotspur having sunk one of the brigs and driven two on shore, took the ground, when within less than half gun- shot of the shore. The Hotspur, during this time, was exposed to a heavy fire from the brigs, a battery, and some field-pieces, by which she sustained considerable damage in her hull, masts, and rigging, and a loss of two mid- shipmen (William Smith and Alexander Hay) and three men killed, and twenty -two wounded. September S. 1797. The Prench privateer Decouverte was captured in the Channel by the Unite, 36, Capt. Rowley. 1840. Admiral Stopford ar- rived off Beyrout, accompanied by part of the fleet, which, with those already assembled there under Commodore Sir Charles Napier, amounted to thirteen ships of the line, several frigates and sloops. Pive Turkish ships of war and three Austrian also arrived on the same day. During the night, the marines of the fleet, together with 5000 Turkish troops, were embarked on board the steam-ships Gorgon, Cyclops, and Phoenix, which were to make a feint of landing on the cape, under cover of the guns of the Dido and Wasp. The next morn- ing the whole fleet got under way, and stood close in. The Benbow, 74, having anchored, threw shells with great precision, and several ships joined in the cannonade. Having by these means drawn the enemy to a par- ticular part of the cape, the com- modore, by signal from the ad- miral, crossed the bay to a spot ten miles distant from the ex- pected point of disembarkation, where a landing was effected, in D’Jouni bay, without opposition. September 10. 1759. Pocock and D’Ache. The squadron in the East Indies, under Vice-Adm. Pocock, dis- covered the Prench squadron under the Comte d’Aclie off Cey- September 11. NAVY. 569 Ion on 4th September, and, after an anxious chase of six days, a change of wind enabled the Bri- tish to bring on an action. The British squadron consisted of Yarmouth, 66, Vice- A dm. Pocock, Grafton, 68, Rear- Adm. Charles Stevens, Elizabeth, 64, Tiger, 60, Sunderland, 60, Weymouth, 60, Cumberland, 58, Newcastle, 50, Salisbury, 50, Queenborough, 24 : line-of-battle force, 536 guns. French squadron, of Zodiaque (flag), 74, Minotaur, 74, Comte de Provence, 74, Centaur, 70, Ulustre, 64, Actif, 64, Yengeur, 64, Fortune, 64, Due d’Orleans, 60, St. Louis, 60, Due de Bour- gogne, 60, and two frigates : line- of-battle force, 740 guns. At 6h. a.m. on the 10th, the French squadron was in line ahead on the starboard tack, with the wind north-west, distant eight miles, when the British bore up in line abreast direct for the enemy. At 10h., the French wore, and came to the wind on the larboard tack. The British, having arrived within point-blank range, also hauled to the wind on the larboard tack, thus losing the opportunity of bringing on a decided action, and giving the enemy the advantage resulting from their heavier weight of metal. The Grafton, bearing the flag of Rear-Adm. Stevens, gallantly commenced the action with the Zodiaque, but, after a short time, relinquished that op- ponent to Adm. Pocock, and, passing ahead, attacked the Yen- geur, until that ship bore up out of the line. The Grafton then pushed on to the support of the Tiger and Newcastle, which were opposed to the St. Louis and Due d’Orieans ; and, driving the St. Louis out of the line, the rear- admiral became engaged with the Orleans and Minotaur. Adm. Pocock continued to engage the Zodiaque, while the Ulustre was opposed to the Salisbury, until the latter becoming disabled, her opponent was attacked by the Sunderland and Weymouth. After a contest of six hours, the French bore up and quitted the scene of action, leaving the British too much disabled to follow. The Yarmouth had 39 killed and wounded, Graf- ton 83, Elizabeth 77, Tiger 168, Sunderland two, Cumber- land 52, Newcastle 115, and the Salisbury 36 : total 569. The French loss was estimated at 1500 killed and wounded. September 11. 1809. Diana and Zephyr. — The 10-gun brig Diana, long 6- pounders, and 45 men, Lieut. William Kempthorne, standing into the bay of Amarang, on the north end of the Dutch island of Celebes, discovered the Dutch brig of war Zephyr, of 14 long 6 -pounders and 45 men, lying at anchor under a fort. Lieut. Kempthorne resolved to attempt her capture with the boats at night ; but, in the meantime, the Zephyr had shifted her position to take shelter under a strong fort in the bay of Monado. Lieut. Kempthorne, therefore, proceeded in that direction, and on the 11th, at daylight, the enemy being discovered, the chase con- tinued until 4h. 30m. p.m. When within four miles of the shore, the Diana succeeded in getting within half gun-shot of her op- ponent’s lee beam. After en- gaging about 40 minutes, the Zephyr, who had her gaff and main-topgallant-mast shot away, encouraged by the appearance of five gun-boats sweeping off to her assistance, ran down within pistol-shot of the weather beam 570 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 13. of her opponent ; but shortly afterwards fell on board the Diana, and hauled down her co- lours. The Diana, taking the Zephyr in tow, stood towards the gun-boats, which were sweeping down in line upon her weather beam ; but, after receiving a few shot from the brig, they put about, and left the Diana in quiet possession of her prize. Notwith- standing this action had lasted altogether one hour and ten mi- nutes, the Diana sustained no loss ; but the Zephyr w'as much cut up, and had her first lieu- tenant and four men killed, and eight wounded. — iHetlal* September 12. 1799. Capture of Draak and Gier. — The Arrow, mount- ing 24 guns, 32 -pounder carron- ades, Captain N. Portlock, and the bark Wolverine, mounting 13 guns, carronades, on traversing carriages, Capt. W. Bolton, were detached on the 9th from the squadron of Vice-Adm. Mitchell, in quest of a ship and a brig lying at anchor under the island of Vlie, at the entrance of the TexeL On the morning of the 12th, the enemy was discovered, and, as the British ships ap- proached, hoisted the Batavian republican colours. The Wolve- rine anchored within 70 yards, on the weather quarter of the Gier brig, of 14 long 12 -pounders and 80 men, and, having fired one gun, the brig fired three guns to leeward, and hauled down her colours. The Arrow pushed on towards the ship, which was the Draak, of two long 32- and 16 long 18-pounders, with six 50- pound brass howitzers, lying with her broadside directly opposed to the Arrow, who was for 20 mi- nutes exposed to her fire before she could bring her broadside to bear in return. Having at length got within 80 yards of her op- ponent, the Arrow opened her fire, and, after a contest of 15 minutes, the Wolverine being nearly up to co-operate with her consort, the Draak struck her colours. The Arrow, out of 120 men, had one man killed; her commander, one master's mate (William Wilson), and seven men. wounded. The Draak was set on fire and destroyed ; but the Gier, being a fine brig of 324 tons, was taken to England. — September 13. 1747. The 44 -gun ship Dover, Captain The Hon. Washington Shirley, fell in with the French 32 -gun frigate Renommee, which had been severely engaged by the 2 6 -gun frigate Amazon on the previous day. After a short de- fence, the Renommee hauled down her colours. The Renom- mee was purchased into the navy. 1782. Bombardment of Gi- braltar. — On the 12th of Sep- tember, about one o’clock in the morning, the enemy’s gun, and mortar boats, came over from Algesiras, fired upwards of two hundred rounds of shot and shell, and then retired. On the same morning, the combined fleets of France and Spain, under Adm. De Pointis, stood into the bay, and by noon 'anchored op- posite Carteja. They amounted to 46 sail of the line, six being three-deckers, and were accompa- nied by a number of frigates. On the 1 3th, at 8h. a.m., the ten Spanish battering ships under Rear-Adm. Moreno stood towards the Rock, arid about lOh. anchored in their respective stations, with un- daunted resolution, about nine September 13, NAVY. 571 hundred yards from the works. The Spanish admiral opposite the King’s bastion : three ships extended to the southward of the flag as far as the Church battery, five to the northward, about the height of the Old Mole, and one a very little to the westward of the admiral. Those formidable machines mounted altogether 142 guns and 5260 men. A heavy cannonade was immediately opened, supported by the cannon and mortars in the enemy’s lines and from the approaches on the isthmus. At the same moment the batteries of the garrison opened with hot and cold shot and shells ; and so admirably were the operations conducted, that while the chief direction of the fire seemed to be poured upon the battering-sEips, the cannon- ade towards the enemy’s lines was so well maintained that the whole peninsula appeared over- whelmed by the torrents of fire which were incessantly showered upon it. The battering-machines continued throughout the day a cannonade so tremendous as to admit of little, if any, appearance of superiority on the part of the fortress ; and their construction was so formidable, that for se- veral hours the unceasing flights of shells and hot shot with which they were assailed did not make any visible impression upon them. Towards noon their firing seemed to slacken ; and about 2h. p. m. the admiral’s ship appeared to be on fire. Their cannonade never- theless continued, although with less vigour.- About midnight the flames burst out from the ad- miral’s ship ; and in a short time her second was also on fire ; and before morning some more suc- cessively took fire. Boats and launches from the combined fleet came to their assistance ; and although exposed to the con- tinued fire of the fortress, the Spaniards displayed great intre- pidity in rescuing the crews of the burning vessels. In the midst of this scene of horror, Brigadier Curtis, with twelve gun-boats, about 3h. a-.m. attacked the flank of the enemy, who, disconcerted by this unexpected onset, fled with precipitation. The day and night of the 13th exhibited the grandest scene of military prowess that was, perhaps, ever displayed ; and daylight on the 14th disclosed one of awful and impressive grandeur. Numbers of the enemy were seen in the midst of the flames crying for assistance ; and the melancholy condition to which those on the battering-ships were reduced produced a cessation of the firing both from the garrison as well as from the gun-boats. Nine of the battering-ships exploded ; and the tenth was destroyed by the Bri- tish. The loss on the part of the garrison amounted to 65 killed and 388 wounded. Gen. Elliott, for his distinguished services, was created a peer of Great Britain by the title of Baron Heathfield. 1801. Capture of Esperan- za. — In the afternoon, the 18- gun brig Lark, acting commander Lieut. James Johnstone, being close off the island of Cuba, fell in with and chased the Spanish privateer-schooner Esperanza, of one long eight- and two four- pounders and 45 men, which ran for shelter within the Portillo reefs. The yawl and cutter of the Lark, with 16 men in each, were immediately despatched, under the orders of Lieut. James Pasley, to attempt her capture. At about 1 Oh. 30m. p.m., the two boats found the schooner at an- chor awaiting the attack, and, on their near approach, opened a 572 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 15, fire that severely wounded several of the men. Nevertheless the British dashed on, hoarded, and after a sharp contest carried, the privateer. In this gallant and well-conducted enterprise, the British sustained a loss of one man killed, Mr. M'Cloud (mid- shipman) and 12 seamen wounded. The loss on board the Esperanza was the captain and 20 men killed, and six men wounded. September 14. 1779. Pearl and St a. Moni- ca. — The 32-gun frigate Pearl, Capt. George Montagu, cruising off the Azores, early in the morn- ing chased a large ship bearing north-west, and at 9h. 30m. a.m. brought to action the Spanish 28 -gun ship Santa Monica. After a gallant defence of two hours, in which she had thirty-eight men killed and forty-five wound- ed, the Spanish frigate surren- dered. The Pearl suffered a loss of twelve men killed and nine- teen wounded. 1801. Attack of Port Fer- rajo. — Rear-Adm. Sir John B. Warren arrived off Port Ferrajo on the 12th, when it was deter- mined to land a detachment of seamen and marines, to assist in an attack upon some French bat- teries, those especially which shut up the port. Arrangements were immediately made for an active co-operation of the squadron, consisting of the Renown, 74, Gibraltar, 80, Alexander, 74, Genereux, 74, Stately, 64, Pearl and Pomone frigates, and Vin- cejo brig. On the 13th, at day- break, the Dragon and Genereux, for the purpose of creating a di- version, opened a fire upon a round tower at Marciana ; and on the 14th, a little before the day broke, 449 marines and 240 seamen, commanded by Captain George Long of the Vincejo, to- gether with a party of Tuscans, pioneers, &c., amounting in the whole to about 1000 men, landed in two divisions under Captain Chambers White, of the Renown. The attack was creditably made, several of the batteries destroyed, and 55 prisoners, including three captains and five subalterns, brought off; but the enemy ar- riving in very superior force, the allied detachments were com- pelled to retire with a loss of 32 killed, 61 wounded, and 105 missing. Of this number, Capt. Long, while gallantly leading his men to storm a narrow bridge, two seamen, and 12 marines were killed ; 17 seamen and 20 ma- rines wounded ; one officer, 12 seamen, and 64 marines missing. Total loss to the navy, 15 killed, 33 'wounded, and 77 missing. 1803. Bombardment of Dieppe. — Captain Owen, in the Immortalite frigate, with bomb- vessels Perseus and Explosion, cannonaded the batteries pro- tecting the town of Dieppe, from 8h. until llh. 30m. a.m. 1806. Destruction of Im- petueux. — The French 74-gun ship Impetueux, under jurymasts, endeavouring to enter the Che- sapeake river, coast of North America, was discovered by the 74-gun ships Belleisle, Capt. Wm. Hargood, and Bellona, J. E. Douglas, and Melampus frigate. Finding escape impracticable, the Impetueux ran on shore near Cape Henry, where she was de- stroyed by the Melampus, after removing her crew. September 15. 1782. Capture of Aigle. — The French 40-gun frigates Aigle and Gloire, which had been September 16. NAVY. •73 repulsed on the 5th of September in their attack on the 74-gun ship Hector, one of the prizes cap- tured on the 12th of April, were chased into the Delaware on the 15th by a small squadron under the Hon. Keith Elphinstone, in the Warwick, of 50 guns. The Gloire succeeded in getting so far up the river that she could not be effectually attacked; but the Aigle, which was armed with 24-pounders on her main-deck, having grounded, the Vestal, 28, and Bonetta, 16, with the Sophie of 22 guns (a prize manned by the Warwick and Lion), were despatched to attempt the cap- ture of the French frigate. Those ships took up positions on either quarter of the Aigle so judiciously that she could not bring a gun to bear on her antagonists, and, after receiving a few broadsides, surrendered ; but the Aigle’s mast had been previously cut away, and the ship scuttled. She was, however, got off, and added to the British navy under the same name. 1795. The Cape of Good Hope surrendered to a squadron under Vice-Admiral Sir George Keith Elphinstone, consisting of the Monarch, Victorious, and Arro- gant, of 74, America and Stately, of 64 guns, and two sloops, and a large body of troops under Gen. Alured Clarke. ‘ 1803. Granville bombarded. — An attack was made upon the town of Granville by a small squadron under Bear-Adm. Sir James Saumarez. The bombard- ment lasted from 5h. until loh. 30m. A.M., when the falling of the tide compelled the squadron to haul off. 1804. Centurion with Ma- | rengo and Squadron. — The 50- | gun ship Centurion, Lieut. J. B. Philips (Capt. Lind on shore on duty), tying in the Vizagapatam roads, with two Indiamen in company, was attacked by the French 74-gun ship Marengo, Bear- Admiral Linois, with the 40-gun frigates Atalante and Semillante. On their arriving within gun-shot, the Centurion cut her cable, and, having stood towards the enemy, gallantly sustained this unequal contest until lOh. 45m., when the Ma- rengo hauled to the wind, fol- lowed by the frigates. The Centurion shortly afterwards anchored in six fathoms, to the NE. of the town, when Captain Lind joined the ship. At llh. 30m., the French ships made another unsuccessful attack upon the Centurion; but they carried off the Princess Charlotte India- man. The Centurion was much cut up, and had one man killed and nine wounded. Capt. Lind obtained the honour of knight- hood, and a sword of 100 guineas’ value from the Patriotic Fund; but the lieutenant who so gal- lantly commenced the action, and repelled the attack, had to wait a year for his promotion, although presented with a sword of fifty guineas’ value by the Patriotic Fund, JHefcal. September 16 . 1710 Successful Attack of Bibadeo. — On 15th September, Captain Bobert Johnson, in the Weymouth, 60, having the Win- chester frigate and Dursley galley under his orders, learning that two Spanish ships of war and a merchant vessel were lying in the harbour of Bibadeo, about sixteen leagues from Cape Or- tcgal, proceeded thither, where they arrived on the 16th. Hav- ing* sent the boats ahead to sound, the Weymouth and Winchester 574 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 17, anchored between the Spanish ships and a battery of eight guns, within musket-shot. In a short time the enemy’s fire was silenced and a party of men landed to take possession of the battery. The Spanish men-of-war blew np be- fore they could be boarded ; but the merchant ship was brought off. Capt. Johns on received the honour of knighthood. 1812. In the evening, the 74- gun ship Eagle, Capt. Charles Rowley, having anchored off Cape Maistro, near Ancona, Lieutenant Augustus Cannon was despatched, with three boats, to intercept the enemy’s coasting trade. On the morning of the 17 th, a convoy of 23 sail, protected by two gun- boats, was discovered standing towards Goro. As the boats ad- vanced, the convoy, each vessel of which was armed with a long 6 -pounder, drew up in line of battle, with the two gun-boats in front, supported by a four-gun battery, and the beach lined with armed people. Notwithstanding that the boats, owing to the shallowness of the channel, fre- quently grounded in their advance, the largest gun-boat was gallantly carried; then, turning her guns upon the second gun-boat, also captured her, and all the convoy but two. Lieut. Colson Resting, who had succeeded to the com- mand, in consequence of Lieut. Cannon being mortally wounded, burnt six, and brought out the re- maining seventeen vessels, includ- ing the two gun-boats. Besides Lieut. Cannon mortally wounded, two seamen were killed and three wounded. 1813. Swallow at Port D’Anzo. — Early in the morning, the 18 -gun brig Swallow, Capt. : Edward R. Sibly, being off port j D’Anzo, discovered a brig and a j xebec, between herself and that J harbour. The boats were imme- diately despatched from the Swallow in pursuit of them, under the orders of Lieut. Samuel E. Cook. After a row of two hours, the boats overtook the French brig Guerriere, of four guns and 60 stand of fire-arms, when she had arrived close under D’Anzo; and, notwithstanding that nu- merous boats and two gun-ves- sels gave their assistance, and kept the brig in tow until the British were alongside, Lieutenant Cook and his party gained entire possession of her. But, in effect- ing this, he had two men killed and four wounded, in his own boat. September 17. 1797. Pelican and Trompeur. — The 18-gun brig Pelican, Lieut. Thomas White acting commander, at 7h. 30m. a.m. was off Cape Nicolas’ mole, St. Domingo, when a brig was observed stand- ing towards her on the larboard tack, with the wind at east. The Pelican made sail in chase, and about 9h. a. m. opened her fire while crossing the enemy on op- posite tacks. She then wore round under the stern of her opponent, and kept up a well-directed fire until 9h. 45m. a.m., when the stranger, which was the French privateer Trompeur, of 12 long six- pounders and 78 men, hauled on board her larboard tacks and made all sail away. As soon as the Pelican had repaired her run- ning rigging, which had been very much cut up, she crowded all the canvass she could set in pursuit of her antagonist. At 45m. past noon she was again alongside the Trompeur, and a spirited action was continued on both sides until lh. 10m. p. m., when the Trompeur blew up abaft y September IS. NAVY 5 75 and in about five minutes, went down by the head. The Pelican immediately hoisted out the boats, and fortunately, by their exertions, 60 of the drowning crew, including the captain, were saved. The Pelican had one man killed and five wounded. September 18. 1810. Capture op Venus. — The 38-gun frigate Boadicea, Commodore Rowley, with the Otter stoop and Staunch gun- brig, lying in St. Paul’s bay, Isle of Bourbon, discovered, abreast of St. Denis, the French 40-gun frigate Venus, and Victor cor- vette, with the late British 32- gun frigate Ceylon, which they had just captured. The Boa- dicea and consorts immediately weighed, and went in pursuit. At 8h. a.m., the Victor took the Ceylon in tow; but, at 3h. 30m., finding the British gaining rapidly upon them, the latter removed her men from the prize, and, hauling up, made sail towards the Isle of France. The Venus then stood towards the Boadicea, who, hav- ing ran her opponent alongside, at 4h. 4m. p. m. compelled her to surrender, after a defence of ten minutes, in which she had nine men killed and fifteen wounded; the Boadicea having only two men wounded. Taking the Venus in tow, the Boadicea returned to the Isle of Bourbon, where the Otter also conducted the Ceylon. The Venus, a fine ship of 1100 tons, was taken into the British service, and, to perpetuate the ship so heroically defended by Capt. W. Willoughby at Grand- Port, was called Ner^ide, — Mziszl. 1811. Reduction of Java The island of Java and its de- pendencies capitulated on the 18th September, after a series of gallant exploits and numerous skirmishes, in which the seamen and marines bore ample share. The fleet, under Rear-Adm. Robt. Stopford, consisting of 74-gun ships Scipion, Illustrious, and Minden, Lion, 64, Akbar, 44, thirteen frigates, and seven sloops, together with eight cruisers of the Hon. East India Com- pany’s service, in all 100 sail. The troops, 8000 strong, were under the command of Major- Gen. Wetheral and Col. Robert R, Gillespie. The loss sustained by the navy amounted to eleven seamen and four marines killed ; Capt. Edward Stopford, Lieut. F. Noble, Lieutenants of Marines H. Elliott and J. Haswell ; Masters Mates J. D. Worthy and Robert G. Durlop, 29 seamen, and 20 ma- rines wounded, and 3 missing. The loss of the army, 141 killed, 733 wounded: making a total loss of 156 killed, 788 wounded, and sixteen missing. —MtX ial. September 19. 1777. Alert and Lexing- ton. — The British 10-gun cutter Alert, Lieut. JohnBazeley, having been despatched off the French coast, in order to intercept an American vessel of war, got sight of a brig off Ushant. At 7h. 30m. she brought the stranger to action, which was continued with much spirit until lOh. a.m., when the brig wore and endeavoured to escape ; but the cutter, having re- paired her damages, was again alongside of her antagonist at lh. p.m. The engagement was then renewed, and continued until 2h. p.m., when the brig sur- rendered. She proved to be the Lexington, mounting 16 guns, twelve swivels, with a crew of 84 men; of which number, seven 576 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. September 21 , were killed and eleven wounded. The Alert, out of a crew of 60 men, had two killed and three wounded. The gallant conduct of Lieut. Bazeley obtained his promotion to the rank of com- mander. September 20 . 1799. Defeat of the Pre- neuse. — On the 20th September, the armed store-ship Camel, mounting 24 guns, Capt. John Lee, and 16-gun sloop Rattle- snake, Lieut. Samuel Gooch, were lying in Algoa bay, with lower yards and topmasts down. Capt. Lee, having a detachment of sea- men with him, was serving with the army under Gen. Dundas, and the lieutenant of the Rattle- snake was detained on shore by the violence of the surf. While in this unprepared state, the Prench 3 6 -gun frigate Preneuse, Capt. L’Hermite, stood into the bay and anchored about 800 yards from the Rattlesnake. Lieut. William Fothergill conducted the defence of the British ships in such an able manner, that, after an action of three hours’ duration, the Preneuse cut her cable and made sail out of the bay. The Camel was much cut up, and, out of a crew of 101 men, had six wounded. The Rattlesnake, out of ninety-two men, had two killed and seven wounded. 1803. Gallant Defence of the Princess Augusta. — At 5h. p. m., the hired armed cutter Princess Augusta, of eight 4- pounders and 26 men, Lieut. Isaac W. Scott, being off the Texel, was attacked by two Dutch schooners. At 6h. 30m., the largest, which was the Union, mounting 12 guns, with a crew of 70 men, closed with the cutter to windward, and by her first broad- side killed the gunner and boats- wain of the cutter, and mortally wounded Lieut. Scott. Mean- while, the other schooner, the Wraak, of eight guns and 50 men, ranged up on the cutter’s lee, and both the enemy’s vessels made ineffectual attempts to board. After an hours’ engagement, the enemy hauled off, and discon- tinued the action. In his dying moments, Lieut. Scott recom- mended the master to fight the cutter bravely, and desired him to tell the admiral (Lord Keith) that he had done his duty. Mr. Joseph Thomas, the master, fully acted up to his commander’s in- junctions; for it was by the heroic determination of himself and the few hands about him that the Princess Augusta was brought off triumphantly. Her loss amounted to three killed and two wounded. September 21. 1757. Southampton and Eme- raude. — The 32-gun frigate Southampton, Capt. James Gil- christ, cruising off Brest, at lh. p. m. brought to action the French 28-gun frigate Emeraude. In consequence of the calm that ensued, the ships drifted foul of each other, and the French made an ineffectual attempt to carry the Southampton by boarding; but after a severe struggle of a quarter of an hour, the Emeraude surrendered, having lost her first and second captains, and 60 men, in killed and wounded. The Southampton had her second lieu- tenant and 19 men killed, all her officers (except the captain) and 28 men wounded. The Eme- raude was added to the Royal Navy under the English name, Emerald, and continued for many years a cruising ship. September 21, NAVY. 577 1809. Reduction of the Isle of Bourbon. — It having been determined by Commodore Josias Rowley to make an attack on the harbour of St. Paul, Isle of Bourbon, on the 1 6th September, a squadron, consisting of the Raisonable, 64, frigates Sirius, Boadicea, and Nereide, Capts. S. Pym, J. Hatley, and Robert Corbett, Otter sloop, Capt. N. J. Willoughby, and armed schooner Wasp, Lieut. Watkins, having on board a detachment of 368 troops, assembled off port Louis, Isle of Prance, for that purpose. On the morning of the 1 9th, a party of seamen and marines, forming, with the troops, 604 men, were put on board the Nereide, and the squadron stood towards Bourbon. On the morning of the 21st, the detachment landed without op- position, and being in possession of the batteries of Lamboussiere and La Centiere, the seamen under Captain Willoughby im- mediately turned the guns on the shipping, the fire from which had considerably annoyed the troops. After defeating the ene- my in a sharp skirmish, the in- vaders took the battery of Le Neuf ; but the French receiving a reinforcement from the interior and from the Caroline frigate, the British spiked the guns of the two first-captured batteries, and manned the guns at that of Le Neuf, which they opened upon the French frigate and her consorts. The fourth and fifth batteries were also taken, and by 8h. 30m. the town batteries (mounting together 1 1 7 heavy guns), magazines, eight field-pieces, and all the public stores, together with many pri- soners, were in possession of the troops under Lieut.-Col. Keating. In the meanwhile, the British squadron stood into the bay, and opened a fire upon the 40-gun frigate Caroline and two captured Indiarnen (the Streatham and Europe), as well as on the bat- teries. The French ships cut their cables and drifted on shore; but they were soon got off without having sustained material injury. By the evening, the demolition of the several batteries and of the magazines was completed, and the whole force re-embarked. On the 22nd, in the evening, a French force appearing on the hills, Captain Willoughby landed with a party of seamen, destroyed the storehouses and public pro- perty, and then returned to the squadron, without any casualty. In this enterprise, the loss sus- tained by the British amounted to two seamen and five marines killed, and 1 9 wounded. Of the troops, eight were killed and 40 wounded. Total, 15 killed, 58 wounded, and three missing. The Caroline ivas commissioned by Capt. Corbett under the name of Bourbonnaise, and the gallant conduct of Capt. Willoughby was rewarded by his appointment to the vacancy in the Nereide. 1811. Capture of Yille de Lyon. — A French flotilla, under the command of Rear-Admiral Baste, consisting of seven prames, each mounting 12 guns, with a crew of 120 men, and ten brigs, each mounting four long 24- pounders, at 7h. a.m. stood out from under the batteries near Boulogne, with the intention of attacking the British squadron, consisting of the 38-gun frigate Naiad, Capt. Philip Carteret, 10- gun brigs Rinaldo and Redpole, 18-gun brig Castilian, and 8-gun cutter Viper. At 9h. 30m. a.m., the leading prame, bearing the admiral’s flag, having tacked in- shore, the British by signal bore up together in chase. The Naiad having got within pistol-shot of 578 CALENDAR, OF VICTORY. September 24. the enemy, opened her fire on both sides, but finding it impos- sible, owing to the shallowness of the water, to close with the French admiral, she wore round, ran on board the Ville de Lyon, and carried her, after a gallant resist- ance, in which the French lost above 30 in killed and wounded. The Naiad had two men killed and twelve wounded. The Cas- tilian, her first-lieutenant (Charles Cobb, killed), and one seaman wounded. The Redpole, her pilot wounded. September 22. 1795. Sans Culottes, French 18-gun brig-privateer, destroyed by Aimable, 32, Capt. Davis. September 23. 1796. Pelican and Medee. — At daybreak, the 18-gun brig Pelican, Capt. John Clarke Searle, being off the island of Desirade, found herself close under the lee of the French 40-gun frigate Me- dee. The Pelican made sail to the north-west, and was followed by the frigate, rapidly approach- ing. Some of the crew appeared to hesitate about engaging a ship of such superior force ; but when Capt. Searle recalled to their re- collection the frequent occasions in which they had distinguished themselves, and expressed his re- liance that they would not now sully their good reputation, nor place less confidence in him than hitherto, the noble fellows gave three cheers, and expressed their determination to do their duty while the brig would swim. At 7h. a.m., the Pelican shortened sail, and gallantly awaited the approach of her formidable ad- versary, who opened her fire on arriving within gun-shot, — the brig reserving hers until her car- ronades would reach with effect. A close action was then main- tained on both sides until 8h. a.m., when the Medee, in much apparent confusion, hauled on board her main-tack, and made off co the northward under all sail, leaving the Pelican so much dis- abled in sails and rigging as to be incapable of immediate pur- suit ; but with all this damage the brig had only one man wounded. The Medee, out of a crew of 300 men, had 33 killed and wounded. The Pelican had only 97 men and boys on board in the action. September 24. 1758. Caumartin, 16 guns, captured by Southampton 32, Capt. Gilchrist. 1797. Indien, 16 guns, cap- tured off the Roches-bonnes, by Phaeton, 32, Capt. Stopford. 1801. Chance and Limano. — The letter-of-marque Chance, Capt. William White, mounting 1 6 guns, with a crew of fifty men, standing in towards the roads of Puna in Guayaquil bay, fell in with a large Spanish brig, bearing a broad pendant, and after some distant firing, brought her to close action at 5h. p. m. The engage- ment had continued upwards of two hours and a half, when, after endeavouring to make off, the brig was compelled to haul down her colours. She proved to be the Spanish man-of-war brig Limano, mounting 18 long six- pounders, commanded by Com- modore Du Philip de Martinez, the senior officer on that coast, with a crew of 140 men, sent from Guayaquil for the express purpose of capturing the Chance. She had fourteen men killed and seven wounded ; among the latter, September 25, NAVY. 579 Capt. Martinez, mortally. The Chance had two men killed and one wounded. September 25. 1778. The United States 32- gun frigate Raleigh, Captain J. Barry, after being engaged an hour and a half with the Experi- ment, 44, Capt. Sir James Wallace, and Unicorn, 32, was driven on shore near Boston ; but was got off without damage, and added to the British navy. 1805. (^ALCUTTA AND FRENCH Squadron. — At noon, the 50-gun ship Calcutta, Captain Daniel Woodriff, having under convoy the Indus East India ship, three whalers, and two other ships from St. Helena, homeward bound, in lat. 46° 30' north, long. 9° west, discovered the Rochefort squa- dron, under Rear- Adm. Allemand, consisting of the Majestueux, 120, Magnanime, Jemappes, Suffrein, and Lion, 74s, Armide, Gloire, and Thetis frigates, and two brigs. At daylight on the 26th, Capt. Woodriff directing the Indus to make all sail ahead with the con- voy, the Calcutta stood towards the Armide, then in chase of the merchant ships. At 3h. p.m., the frigate commenced firing her stem- chasers, and after an hour’s action, hauled off to repair damages. At 5h. p. m., the Magnanime open- ed her fire upon the British ship, still running under all sail to the southward. As the Magnanime was far ahead of her consorts, the Calcutta was brought close to her opponent, and a spirited action was maintained for more than 40 minutes. Being then completely unrigged and unmanageable, and the remainder of the French squa- dron rapidly approaching, the gallantly defended ship hauled down her colours. Out of 343 men and boys, the Calcutta had six men killed, and six wounded. The delay, and the direction in which Capt. Woodriff had pur- posely drawn the squadron, en- abled the ships under his charge to get clear. 1805. Capture of four French Frigates.— Commodore Sir Samuel Hood, in the Centaur, 74, with the Windsor Castle, 98, Achille, Monarch, Revenge, and Mars, 74s, and the Atalante brig, cruising off Rochefort, at lh.A.M. discovered to the leeward, and gave chase to, the French 40-gun frigates Armide, Gloire, Infati- gable, Minerve, and 36-gun frigate Themis, with Lynx and Sylphe corvettes, who bore up under all sail, steering south-west. At 5h. a. m., the Monarch commenced firing at the Armide. At 6h., the Infatigable hauled up to the north-east, pursued by the Mars, while the Themis with the two brigs bore away to the southward, and effected their escape. The Gloire, Armide, and Minerve, kept in close order for mutual support ; and at about lOh. a. m. the. Monarch opened her starboard, main and quarter-deck guns upon the two rearmost, the swell being so heavy as to prevent her open- ing her lower-deck ports ; conse- quently she became much cut up. At 1 ] h. a. m., the Centaur arrived up, and discharged her larboard broadside at the Gloire and Ar- mide, while the Monarch con- tinued engaging the Minerve. After defending themselves with much credit, the Armide struck to the Centaur at llh. 45m.; and shortly after noon the Minerve surrendered to the Monarch. By this time the Mars had overtaken and captured the Infatigable. The Gloire, as a last resource, hauled up to the westward, pur- sued by the Centaur. At 2h. 30m, P P 2 580 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 27. r. m., the Mars, having joined in the case, opened her fire, and at 3h. p. M. compelled the Gloire to haul down her colours. The Centaur had 3 killed, the com- modore and 3 wounded. The Monarch, 4 killed, 25 'wounded. The four frigates were added to the British navy. The Minerve under the name of Alceste, the Infatigahle that of Immortalite, and the Gloire and Armide re- tained their Erench names. September 26. 1814. Destruction of the General Armstrong. — The Plantagenet, 74, Capt. Robert Lloyd, 3 8 -gun frigate Rota, Capt. Philip Somerville, and 18-gun brig Carnation, Capt. George Bentham, cruising off the West- ern Isles, discovered, at anchor in Payal road, the American priva- teer-schooner General Armstrong, of 7 guns, including a long 32- pounder, on a traversing carriage, and a crew of 90 men. Lieut. Robert Eaussett was despatched in the pinnace of the 74, to ascertain the force of the schooner ; but owing to the strength of the tide, and the schooner getting under way, the boat became exposed to her fire, by which two men were killed and seven wounded. As the captain of the schooner had thus broken the neutrality of the port, Capt. Lloyd determined to attempt her capture. Accord- ingly, at 9 p.m., four boats from the Plantagenet, and three from the Rota, containing about 180 seamen and marines, under the orders of Lieut. Wm. Matterface, pulled in towards the road. After a fatiguing row against a strong wind and current, the boats ar- rived within hail of the privateer at about midnight, and received from her, and from a battery armed with a portion of her guns on the commanding points of land, under which she had an- chored, a heavy fire of canon and musketry, which sank two of the boats, and killed or disabled two- thirds of the party on board of them. The remainder returned, and at about 10 p.m. on the 27th reached the Rota, having sus- tained a loss of the first and third lieutenants of the Roto (William Matterface and Charles R. Nor- man), one midshipman, and 31 men killed. The Rota’s second- lieutenant (Richard Rawle), lieut. of marines (Thomas Park), purser (W. B. Basden), two midship- men, and 81 men wounded. Soon after daylight the Carnation stood in to destroy the privateer, but the Americans saved the Bri- tish that trouble, by setting her on fire themselves. September 27. 1806. Capture of Presi- dents. — The Dispatch, 18-gun brig, Commander Edward Haw- kins, was in company with a squadron under the command of Adm. Louis, in the Bay of Biscay, when in the afternoon the signal was made for “general chase.” The wind was light and variable during the night, and at daylight the Dispatch was ahead of the squadron five miles, and had arriv- ed within musket-shot of La Pre- si den te, French 44-gun frigate, when it fell calm. An action commenced, which continued about three-quarters of an hour, when the French ship struck her colours, and was taken, and kept possession of by her daring anta- gonist, until the barge of the Ca- nopus arrived up at the end of an hour, and took charge of the prize. The Dispatch had not a man hurt ; but was much cut up September 28. NAVY. 581 in sails and rigging, with loss of fore -topmast. The Presidente was commissioned under her own name. 1810. In the night, the boats of the Caledonia, 120, Valiant, 74, and 38-gun frigate Armide, lying at anchor in Basque roads, were detached under the orders of Lieutenant Arthur P. Hamil- ton, to capture or destroy three brigs, lying under the protection of a battery on Pointe du Che. As the enemy had a strong body of troops in the immediate vici- nity of the fort, a detachment of 130 marines, commanded by Capt. Thomas Sherman, were added to the division of seamen from the three ships. At about 2h. 30m. a.m. on the 28th, the marines having landed under the battery, the alarm was immediately given by the brigs, and an ineffectual fire opened from the enemy’s guns. Lieut. John Little, with the party of marine artillery un- der his immediate command, pushed forward with the bayonet to the assault, quickly carried the battery, and spiked the guns. A considerable body of the enemy had approached from the country around, but these were kept in check by the fire from the car- ronade of the launch and divi- sions of marines under Capts. Sherman and M‘Lachlan. In the meantime the boats had effected the capture of two brigs and the destruction of the third. The marines were then re-embarked without the loss of a man killed ; but Lieut. Little, in struggling with the French sentinel at the entrance of the battery, received the contents of the musket into his hand, which was so much shattered as to render amputa- tion necessary. One private was also wounded. The enemy had 14 men killed in defending the battery upon Pointe du Che. — MttSaX. 1840. Storm of Sidon. — On 27th September, a British squa- dron under Commodore Sir Chas. Napier, consisting of Thunderer, 84, Capt. M. F. F. Berkeley, steam- vessels Cyclops, Gorgon, Strom- boli, Wasp, and Hydra, with Austrian frigate Guerriera, and a Turkish corvette, bombarded the town of Sidon. At lh. p.m., a breach having been effected on the sea-wall, the Turkish troops, with a battalion of marines, under Capt. A. Morrison, and another of the same corps, under Captain Whylock, pushed for the shore. After a short struggle, the Egyp- tians were driven at all points, and 1800 men laid down their arms. In five hours from the commencement of the bombard- ment, Sidon was in quiet posses- sion of the assailants. Lieut. C. F. Hockin, of the marines, and two seamen, were killed; master’s mates W. R. O. Price (Revenge) and R. Maquire, (Wasp), and 19 men wounded. September 28. 1652. Dutch defeated off the Goodwin. — The Dutch fleet consisting of 59 men-of-war, be- sides many smaller vessels, under Adms. De Witte and De Ruyter, was discovered near the Goodwin sands, by the English fleet, of nearly equal force, commanded by Adms. Blake and Penn, who immediately stood towards them with a fresh breeze at W. by N. At about 3 p.m., Adm. Blake, in the Resolution, being far ahead, shortened sail to allow the body of the fleet to come up, and at 4 p.m. engaged them with great effect. The Sovereign, unfortu- nately, grounded on the shoal called the Kentish Knock, but p p 3 582 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. September 28 , not before she had engaged and sunk a Dutch rear-admiral’s ship. Several others of the largest English ships also grounded on this shoal ; whilst those of the Dutch, drawing less water, went over it, and thus escaped being captured. Four of the enemy were dismasted, but, being taken in tow, escaped capture. One rear- admiral and two captains were among the prisoners. The En- glish ships had 300 men killed and as many wounded, and their masts and sails were much dam- aged; they, nevertheless, pursued the enemy on the two following days to the mouth of the Texel, and then returned into port with their prizes. 1795. Rose and Feluccas. — Early in the morning, the hired cutter Rose, Lieut. William Walker, of eight 4-pounders and only 13 men, near Capraria, fell in with three French felucca-pri- vateers, and immediately bore away for the largest vessel, which was to leeward of the other two. Passing so close to the felucca’s stem as to carry away her mizen- mast, the Rose poured in a treble- shotted broadside ; then, shooting ahead of her to leeward, tacked and crossed the felucca’s bows, gave her another broadside, and having with her boom carried away the privateer’s foreyard, she surrendered. Without waiting to take possession, Lieut. Walker stood after the other vessels, one of which he sank, but the third escaped. The captured vessel mounted one long brass six- pounder, four one-pound swivels, and 12 musketoons on her sides; and had on board, when taken, 29 men, exclusive of 13 reported to have been killed. The priva- teer that was sunk had on board 56 men, and the one that escaped, 48, making a total of 146 opposed to 14 ! Battening down the pri- vateer’s men in their vessel, and then taking her in tow, the cutter conducted her to Bastia. The Rose had only one man wounded. 1801. Sylph and Artemise. --The 18-gun brig Sylph, Capt. Charles Dashwood, having re- fitted at Plymouth, was about 40 leagues to the northward of Cape Pinas on 28th September, 1801, when she discovered and chased her old opponent, the French fri- gate Artemise, of 44 guns and 350 men. After crossing each other three times, exchanging as many broadsides, at 7h. 30m. the Sylph obtained a position upon the frigate’s weather bow. A severe conflict continued without intermission for two hours and five minutes, when the frigate wore, and made sail on the oppo- site tack. The Sylph was so much cut up in standing and running rigging, that she was unable to make sail to renew the action ; but, strange to say, she had only one person wounded, Mr. Lionel Carey, midshipman, who had been wounded in the former action, when the Artemise had 20 men killed and 40 wound- ed. Capt. Dashwood was pro- moted on 2nd November follow- ing, for his meritorious conduct in both these actions. — iHtfraL 1810. Capt. Robert Hall, of the 14 gun-brig Rambler, having been detached from Gibraltar with some gun-boats, in quest of the enemy’s privateers, after a pull of twenty hours, effected a landing on 28th September, with thirty officers and men, near the entrance of the river Barbute, Tarifa. After traversing the sand-hills to get at alarge French privateer, protected by two 6- pounders and thirty dragoons, in addition to her own crew, Capt. Hall attacked the enemy so September 29, NAVY. 583 vigorously, that they retreated with the loss of five dragoons and two seamen killed. The privateer was brought out. September 29. 1719. Reduction of Yigo. — On 29th September, a land and sea-force, under the com- mand of Lord Cobham and Yice- Adm. Sir James Mighells, at- tacked and surprised Yigo, with loss of the British of two officers and four men killed. The opera- tions had continued only four days, when the place surren- dered. A great number of brass cannon, 8000 muskets, and am- munition, intended to be em- ployed against England, were seized, and seven ships, including three privateers, were captured. The troops then moved upon Ponte Yedra, which surrendered without opposition. The place was found to contain a quantity of military stores. 1795. Southampton and Yestale. — The 32-gun frigate Southampton, Capt. James Mac- namara, standing in towards Genoa in the afternoon, discover- ed and chased the French 36-gun frigate Yestale, in company with the 28-gun corvette Brune and two 14-gun brigs. At 10 p. m. the Southampton arrived within pis- tol-shot of the Yestale, and, receiv- ing no answer to her hail, fired her starboard broadside into the French frigate’s larboard quarter. The Yestale returned the fire, but, wishing to avoid an action, at lOh. 25m. tacked, and was promptly followed by the South- ampton, who soon brought her larboard guns to bear. The Yes- tale, with the Brune a short dis- tance ahead of her, made all sail to get away. The Southampton having repaired her damaged rig- | ging, was soon in pursuit of the enemy, and at 11p.m., just as she was getting within point- blank range of the Yestale, her mizen-mast fell over the side. Although the deck was speedily cleared, a jury-mast erected, and fresh sails bent, the Yestale ef- fected her escape. Her loss amounted to eight men killed and nine wounded. 1803. Rambler, Leda, and French Flotilla. — The 36- gun frigate Leda, Captain Robert Honeyman, drove on shore twenty-three sail of gun- vessels, which were attempting to escape from Calais to Boulogne, and the whole were bilged upon the rocks. 1803. Two boats of the Ante- lope, 50, Commodore Sir Sidney Smith, under command of Lieut. John H. Hanchett and Midship- man W. C. C. Dalzell, sent to re- connoitre the enemy’s fleet in the Texel, were attacked by two schooners and five large gun- vessels, Lieut. Hanchett, having succeeded in drawing the gun- vessels off from the land, and out of reach of the schooners, sunk one, and killed and wound- ed many men on board the others. September 30. 1780. Capture of the Espe- rance. — The 32-gun frigate Pearl, Capt. George Montagu, cruising off Bermuda, chased and captured, after a well-contested action, the French merchant fri- gate Esperance, mounting 28 guns. The loss on board the Pearl amounted to one lieutenant of marines (J. Foulke) and five men killed, the master (Mr. Dunbar) and nine men wounded. Out of a crew of 123 men, the Esperance had 20 men killed, 24 wounded. p p 4 584 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 1 The prize was added to the British navy under the name of Clinton. 1841. Successful Opera- tions in China. — Since the British forces had been withdrawn in February, the Chinese were actively engaged in erecting bat- teries. From the western extre- mity outside Guard Island to the eastern termination of their works, there was a continuous line of strong batteries on the sea-face, principally constructed of mud, comprising 267 embrasures, and 95 guns of various calibre, ac- tually mounted on different points, independently of 41 on the ramparts, besides numerous gin- gals in every direction. The Mo- deste and small vessels anchored close to the battery on Guard Island, to prevent its occupation, while the guns of the Nemesis made a considerable breach in the walls of the fortified encamp- ment. The northerly gales pre- vented the removal of the fleet from the anchorage of Just-in- the-way before the 29 th Septem- ber, when the men- of- war and part of the transports reached the outer harbour of Chusan. The Modeste, Blonde, and Jupiter, with the Queen steam-vessel, proceeded to take up a position on the south side of the Maccles- field and Trumbull islands, to cover a party of artillery erecting a battery there. The Wellesley was moved as close as possible to the intended place of landing, while the Cruiser and Columbine were advanced within 200 yards of the beach ; and, by well direct- ed shot from these vessels and shells from the Sesostris, the Chinese were completely kept in check. The remainder of the transports arrived on the 30th ; and on the 12th October the dis- embarkation took place. The 49tn regiment and the battalion of marines, together with a body of seamen, formed the right co- lumn under Lieut.-Col. Morris, and were to have attacked the sea-defences; but as the 49th was not landed in time, the marines immediately pushed forward in support of the 18th regiment. The Chinese suffered very consi- derably and fled in all directions. The British troops had only 2 killed and 27 wounded, and the navy 3 men wounded. October 1. 1 748. CONQUESTADORE CAP- TURED. — A British squadron, consisting of the Cornwall, 80, Rear-Admiral Charles Knowles, Capt. P. Taylor; Lenox, 70, Capt. Charles Holmes ; Tilbury, 60, Capt. Charles Powlett; Strafford, 60, Capt. David Brodie; War- wick, 60, Capt. Edward Clarke, and Oxfbrd, 50, Capt. Edw. Toll, attacked a Spanish squadron of seven ships of the line, under Vice-Adm. Reggio, when about half-way between the Tortugos and the Havannah. The Corn- wall, at 2h. p.m., arrived within musket-shot of Vice-Adm. Reg- gio, in the Africa, 74; but having her main-topmast and fore-top- sail-yard shot away, she was com- pelled to drop astern out of the line. The Lenox took the Corn- wall’s place, and maintained the action with great spirit; but her situation was rendered very cri- tical by the Spanish ships closing round their admiral, until the arrival up of the Canterbury and Warwick. The action then be- came general, and continued un- til 8h. p.m., when Vice- Adm. Reg- gio deemed it prudent to attempt a retreat. The crew of the Corn- wall having by great exertion refitted their ship, the Conquest- adore, 74, from being much dis- October 2. NAVY. 585 abled, and astern of her squadron, became the first object of her renewed attack. Having run alongside of that ship, the Corn- wall opened so animated a fire that the Spaniard had her cap- tain and many of her crew killed, and was compelled to haul down her colours. Rear-Adm. Knowles soon afterwards gave over the pursuit. He, however, fell in with the Africa, 74, on the second day after the action, anchored a few leagues distant from the Havannah. On the approach of the British squadron, the Spa- niards took to their boats, after setting fire to the ship, and she blew up before possession could be taken. Out of a force of 4150 men, the captains of the Con- questadore, Africa, and Galgo, and 86 men were killed; the vice- admiral, 14 officers, and 197 men wounded. The British loss amounted to 59 killed and 120 wounded, out of a total number of 2900 men. 1807. Windsor Castle and Jeijne Richard. — Windsor Cas- tle packet, acting Capt. William Rogers, on her passage to Bar- badoes, was attacked about noon by a French privateer, approach- ing under all sail. The packet, finding it impossible to effect her escape, made preparation to re- ceive her opponent. At noon the action commenced, and shortly afterwards the privateer ran along- side the Windsor Castle, grap- pled her, and made an attempt to board ; but they were beaten back with severe loss. The enemy now endeavoured to get clear, but the mainyard of the packet, being locked in the schooner’s rigging, held her fast. At 3 p.m., when the Frenchmen were pre- paring for another assault, a nine- pounder carronade, loaded with double-grape, canister, and 100 musket-balls, was discharged with great effect. Capt. Rogers, with five men out of his little crew, then sprang upon the schooner’s decks, drove the enemy from their quarters, and carried the Jeune Richard, mounting six long 6-pounders, and one long 18-pounder on a traversing car- riage, with a complement of 92 men, of whom 21 were found dead on her decks, and 33 wound- ed. The Windsor Castle mounted six long 4-pounders, and two 9- pounder carronades, with a crew of 28 men and boys, of whom 3 were killed and 10 severely wounded. Her mainyard and mizen-mast were carried away, and her rigging, fore and aft, much damaged. October 2. 1758. The 28-gun ship Lizard, Capt, Broderick Hartwell, cruising off Brest, fell in with the French corvettes Heroine and Due d’Han- ovre. The Heroine escaped in the passage of Fortenoy, but the Due d’Hanovre, mounting 14 guns, was captured. 1806. Boats op Minerva. — While the 32-gun frigate Minerva, Capt. George R. Collier, was lying at anchor off Oro island, near Porto Novo, on the coast of Spain, the cutter and barge of the frigate, commanded by Capt. Collier in person in the cutter, proceeded in search of some Spanish gun- boats, supposed to be lying at Carril. After rowing seven hours, the cutter was hailed by a large gun-boat, within pistol-shot of the shore, accompanied by a smaller one, mounting a brass 4-pounder. The gun-boat was immediately boarded on the quarter, and carried, as well as her attendant, without the loss of a man. She was the Spanish 586 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 5. gun-boat No. 2., mounting one long 24-pounder in the bow and two shot brass fours, with a com- plement of 30 men. October 3. 1799. The 14-gun brig Speedy, Capt. Jahleel Brenton, while run- ning through the gut of Gibraltar, observed several small vessels coming out of Algesiras, which proved to be eight Spanish coast- ers under the protection of a cutter and schooner. In a short time, two of the coasters having taken refuge under the guns of a castle, the Speedy stood on in chase ; and at 4h. p.m., after pass- ing under the fire of Tarifa castle, came up with four others as they were entering a hay to the eastward of Cape Trafalgar, where they anchored under the protection of batteries. As it blew hard, the Speedy could not venture nearer than 900 yards of the shore, where, having anchored, she opened a fire upon the castle and the vessels, which were soon abandoned by the Spaniards, af- ter cutting their cables, that they might drift on shore. Lieut. Richard William Parker was then despatched with the boats to ef- fect their destruction, but the surf broke over their vessels so heavily that they soon became complete wrecks. October €fc. 1797. Alexandrian and Epi- charis. — At daybreak, the island of Barbadoes bearing west four or five leagues, the 6-gun schooner Alexandrian, Lieutenant William Wood Scnhouse, descried a schooner on her quarter in chase of an American brig to leeward. No sooner did the stranger (which was the French privateer Epi- charis, of 8 guns) discover the Alexandrian to be an armed ves- sel, than she hauled her wind to the northward, and was imme- diately pursued. At 9h. A.M., the Alexandria overtook the Epi- charis, and, after an action of fifty minutes, compelled her to haul down her colours, having four men killed and twelve wounded, out of a crew of seventy- four. The Alexandrian had one seaman killed and four wounded October 5. 1804. Capture op Medea, Fama, and Clara. — A squadron, consisting of the Indefatigable, 44, Lively, 38, Medusa, 32, and Amphion, 32, Capts. Graham Moore, G. E. Hamond, John Gore, and John Sutton, at 6h. a.m., when off Cape St. Mary, discovered and chased the Spa- nish frigate Medea, 40, Rear- Adm. J. Bustamente, and 34-gun frigates Fama, Clara, and Mer- cedes. The strangers formed the line of battle ahead, and at 9h. A. m. jthe Medusa placed her- self within pistol-shot of the Fama. Shortly afterwards, the Indefatigable took a similar sta- tion by the side of the second ship, the Medea; and the Am- phion and Lively, as they came up, ranged alongside the Mer- cedes and Clara. Capt. Moore communicated to the Spanish ad- miral that he was ordered to de- tain his squadron; which being refused, the Indefatigable, at 9h. 30m., bore down close upon the weather bow of the Medea, and the battle instantly commenced. Li about ten minutes the Mer- cedes blew up alongside the Am- phion, with a tremendous ex- plosion. Shortly afterwards, the Fama attempted to make off, and was pursued by the Medusa. October 6. NAVY. 587 After sustaining, during 17 mi- nutes, the heavy broadsides of the Indefatigable, and finding a new opponent in the Amphion, who had advanced on her star- board quarter, the Medea sur- rendered. In another five mi- nutes the Clara also submitted ; and the Lively immediately made sail after the Fama, which at lh. 15m. struck to the two British ships in chase of her. The Lively had two men killed and four wounded; the Amphion, three men wounded. The Medea had two killed, 10 wounded ; Fama, 31 killed, 50 wounded; Clara, seven killed and 20 wounded ; and the Mercedes, by the fatal explosion, lost the whole of her crew (280), except the second captain and about 40 men. 1813. Attack of Port D’An- zo.—In the morning, the 74-gun ship Edinburgh, Capt. the Hon. George Heneage Lawrence Dun- das, 36-gun frigates Imperieuse and Resistance, sloops Eclaii% Pylades, and Swallow, attacked a convoy of 29 vessels, which had assembled in the port of D’Anzo. The place was defended by two batteries, mounting two heavy guns each, on a mole ; a tower to the northward of this, with one gun, and a battery to the south- ward, with two guns, flanking the mole. At lh. 30m. p. m., every- thing being prepared, the ships bore up and took their stations as follows:— The Imperieuse and Resistance against the mole bat- teries, the Swallow against the tower, the Eclair and Pylades against the battery to the south- ward, and the Edinburgh sup- porting the two last-named brigs. The ships, by signal, opened their ire together ; and shortly after- vards Lieut. Eaton Travers, of he Imperieuse, and the marines, pider Captain Thomas Mitchell, landed in the best order, close under the southern battery, which was instantly carried, driving the French in all directions. In the meantime Lieut. David Mapleton took possession of the convoy, 20 of which, laden with timber for the arsenal at Toulon, were brought out without any loss, — all the enemy’s works having pre- viously been destroyed. October 6. 1762. Expedition to Ma- nilla. — Vice-Adm. Samuel E. Cornish, with a squadron of 7 sail of the line, a 50-gun ship, and three frigates, conveying an army of 2330 men under Gen. Draper, composed in great part of Caffres, Topasses and Lascars, anchored in Manilla bay on 23rd Sep- tember, and effected a landing at Malata on the 24th. On the 6th October, Manilla and the Philip- pine islands were surrendered, together with a quantity of ord- nance and naval stores, and a large amount of treasure. Ma- nilla was saved from plunder upon a promise of a ransom of one million sterling ; which terms were, however, negatived by the king of Spain, peace having oc- curred in the interim of the ne- gotiations. ; 1779. Quebec and Surveil- lante. — The 12 -pounder 32 -gun frigate Quebec, Captain George Farmer, whilst cruising off Brest, in company with the Rambler cutter, Lieut. George, chased the French 18-pounder 40-gun fri- gate Surveillante, which at 9h. a, i, i. commenced firing at the Quebec; and, the latter having closed, both ships, running off the wind, became warmly en~ gaged. At 1 lh. a.m., the Ram- bler brought to action the 16- gun cutter Expedition, and after 1 588 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 8, engaging for three hours, the enemy made off towards the French coast. The frigates con- tinued furiously engaged until 2h. p. M., by which time they were both dismasted, and alongside of each other. Unfortunately, the Quebec, by firing through the sails which w r ere lying over the muzzles of the guns, took fire; and the ship continued to burn with unremitting fury until 6h. p. m., when she blew up with her colours flying. By the exertions of the boats of the Rambler, as well as those of the French fri- gate, Lieutenant Francis Roberts, Lieutenant of Marines A. J. Field, the surgeon, one master’s mate, two midshipmen, and 36 of the crew were saved. Previously to this lamentable conclusion, Capt. Farmer and about 80 of his crew had been killed or wounded. The Surveillante was reduced to a sinking state, and it was with much difficulty that she reached a French port. The great in- feriority of the British frigate and the gallant manner in which the action was fought shed a lustre on the fame of her lamented commander. The king, to mark his sense of his distinguished ser- vices, conferred a baronetcy upon Capt. Farmer’s eldest son ; and Lieut. Roberts was deservedly promoted to the rank of com- mander. October 7. 1760. Rear-Admiral Stevens, blockading Pondicherry, in the night of 7th October sent the boats of the fleet, formed in two divisions, commanded by Capt. Newsom and Lieut. Isaac Ourry, to cut out the French frigates Hermione and Baleine, moored close to the town, protected by several batteries. This service was executed with the greatest skill and gallantry, — the British resolutely boarding the frigates and towing them off in triumph, in spite of a determined resist- ance and a destructive fire from the batteries, mounting nearly one hundred pieces of cannon. 1807. Boats of Porcupine. — In the evening, the 22 -gun ship Porcupine, Captain Hon. Henry Duncan, cruising in the Adriatic, having chased a trabacculo into Zupano, despatched two boats, commanded by Lieuts. George Price and Francis Smith, to bring her out. As they rounded a point near the harbour’s mouth, a gun-boat, under the Italian flag, opened a fire of round and grape upon them, which Captain Duncan observing, he recalled the boats ; but at night they were again despatched on the same service. Having on this second occasion captured the guard-boat, mounting one 4 -pounder swivel and manned with French soldiers, the boats pushed on for the gun- vessel, which, prepared for the attack, was moored close to the shore with four cables. In the face of a heavy fire of grape and musketry, Lieut. Price and his party gallantly boarded and car- ried the vessel, which proved to be the Venetian gun-boat Safo, armed with one long 24-pounder and several swivels, with a crew of 50 men. In accomplishing this enterprise, only two men were wounded. October 8. 1746. Capt. Hugh Palliser, in command of the Weasel sloop-of- war, of 12 guns, engaged two privateers, one mounting six guns and six swivels and 48 men, the other 10 guns, 10 swivels, and 95 men, both of which he cap- tured. October 9 , NAVY. 589 1747. Capture of Glorioso. — The 80-gun ship Russell, Capt. Buckle, and 50-gun ship Dart- mouth, Captain Hamilton, fell in with the Spanish 70-gun ship Glorioso near Cadiz ; and at lh. p.m. the Dartmouth brought her to close action. Both ships con- tinued to engage with great spirit until 3h. 30m., when the Dart- mouth unfortunately, by some accident, blew up, and all on board perished, excepting Lieut. O’Brien and eleven seamen, who were taken up by the boats of a British privateer. The Russell did not arrive up with the Glorioso till lh. a.m. on the 9th. A warm engagement then ensued ; and the Spanish ship having lost her main-topmast, and twenty-five men killed, and a great many wounded, surrendered. The Rus- sell had twelve men killed and twenty wounded. 1800. Gipsy and Quidpro- quo. — At 8h. A. m., the Gipsy schooner, of 10 long 4-pounders and 42 men (tender to the Levi- athan, 74, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Duckworth), com- manded by Lieutenant Coryndon Boger, when cruising off the north end of Guadaloupe, brought to action a French armed sloop. During one hour and a half the two vessels continued closely en- gaged, when the Gipsy, receiving great annoyance from the mus- ketry of her opponent, hauled a little further off, and then, keep- ing up a smart fire of round and grape, at lOh. 30m. compelled her opponent to haul down her colours. She proved to be the Quidproquo, of eight guns, 4- and 8-pounders, with a crew of 98 men, 80 of whom were Guada- loupe chasseurs. The Gipsy had three men killed, and nine, in- cluding Lieut. Boger, wounded. The captain of the Quidproquo, and four men, were killed, and eleven wounded. 1808. The 36-gun frigate Mo- deste, Captain the Hon. George Elliott, cruising off the Sand- Heads in the Bay of Bengal, cap- tured, after a chase of nine hours and a running fight of fifty mi- nutes, the 18-gun corvette Jena, which, although much disabled in sails and rigging, had not a man hurt. The Modeste had her master (Wm. Donovan) killed, and one seaman wounded. The prize was added to the British navy, and named the Victor. October 9. 1803. The 18-gun brig Ata- lante, Captain J. O. Mansfield, having driven on shore three French merchant vessels under the battery of St. Gildas, at the entrance* of the river Pennerf, in the Morbihan, the boats were despatched under Lieut. John Hawkins, who succeeded in boarding the vessels, in spite of much resistance from a party of soldiers ; but, being light and of no value, their cables were cut, and they drifted on the rocks. The boats had one man killed and two wounded. 1 805. Recapture of Cyane. — The 3 6 -gun frigate Princess Charlotte, Captain George To- bin, cruising near the island of Tobago, discovered, at a great distance to windward, two sus- picious-looking vessels, a ship and a brig. Capt. Tobin imme- diately disguised the frigate as much as possible ; and in a short time the strangers bore down. Ihese, which were the late British sloop-ship Cyane, mounting 26 guns and 190 men, and the brig- corvette Naiade, of sixteen long 12-poundcrs, four 2-pounder brass swivels, and 170 men, did not 590 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 11, discover their mistake until the Cyane was within gun-shot of the frigate ; but she did not sur- render until she had made a gallant defence, and, besides be- ing greatly damaged, had her first - lieutenant and two men killed, and nine wounded. The French commodore, by superior sailing, effected his escape. A week afterwards, the Naiade, after a nine hours’ chase, and some partial firing of 1 5 minutes’ dura- tion, was captured by the 32 -gun frigate Jason. 1806. Boats of Galatea. — Three boats of the 3 2 -gun frigate Galatea, Captain George Sayer, under the orders of Lieutenant Richard Gettings, were sent to cut out some vessels at anchor near Barcelona. In spite of a heavy fire from the batteries, and musketry from the beach, to which the vessels were moored head and stern, three schooners were boarded and brought out without the British incurring any loss. 1813. Thunder and Nep- tune. — At 8h. 30m. a. m., the Thunder bomb, Capt. W. O. Pell, observing a large lugger to wind- ward, hauled in for the land, to decoy her down. The stranger, which was the 16-gun lugger- privateer Neptune, of Dunkirk, having a crew of 65 men, taking the Thunder for a merchant ship, bore up, and, at lOh. 30m. ar- riving within hail, ordered her to surrender, at the same time put- ting her helm up to lay her on board. The British ship, at the same time, putting her helm down, discharged her four car- ronades, with a volley of mus- ketry. The lugger having fallen on board, a party of British in- stantly jumped on the privateer’s 3 18 Beliiqueux 64 » 25 78 Adamant - 50 0 0 Isis - - 50 V 2 145 21 382 Killed. Starboard Division , 145 Wounded. 382 Larboard Division : — Monarch - 74 guns 36 100 Russell - 74 „ 0 7 Director - 64 „ 0 7 Montagu - 74 „ 3 5 Veteran - 64 „ 4 21 Powerful - 74 „ 10 78 Monmouth 64 „ 5 22 Agincourt 64 „ 0 0 — — Total - - 203 622 At llh. 10m. a.m., Adm. Duncan made the signal for each ship to engage her opponent in the ene- my’s line — to bear up and sail large, and for the van to attack the enemy’s rear. At llh. 30m., the centre of the Dutch line bearing south-east, distant about four miles, the British fleet bore down ; but they were not formed in any regular order of battle, and, while they were pushing on for the thickest of the fight, some seemed in doubt where to place themselves. At llh. 53m. Ad- miral Duncan made the signal to pass through the enemy’s line, and engage to leeward. At about half-past noon, Vice-Adm. Onslow', in the Monarch, leading the larboard division, cut through the Dutch line, between the Ju- piter and the Haerlem, then luffed up close alongside the Jupiter. The remaining ships of the lar- board division, more especially the Monmouth and Russell, were soon in action with the Dutch rear ships. It was a quarter of an hour after the Monarch had broken the Dutch line, that the V enerable passed under the stem of the States General, and the Triumph found an opponent in the Wassenaer, her second astern. In the meanwhile the Venerable ranged up close under the lee of her first-intended antagonist, the 592 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 12. Vryheid, with whom, on the opposite side, the Ardent was warmly engaged. In front, the Bedford, as she cut through the line astern of the Devries, also engaged the Vryheid. The Bru- tus, Leyden, and Mars, not being pressed upon by opponents, ad- vanced to the succour of their admiral, and did considerable damage to the Venerable and other British ships around her. The Hercules, after having caught fire, surrendered. At length, from the united fire of the Venerable, Triumph, Ardent, and Director, the three masts of the Vryheid fell over the side, and that gallantly -fought ship struck her colours. With the surrender of Admiral De Winter’s ship, the action ceased; and the British found themselves in possession of two ships of 74 guns, five of 64 guns, one of 50 guns, and two frigates. The remaining ships of the enemy bore away for the Texel, and were not pursued, in consequence of the proximity to the shore, the land near Cam- perdown being only five miles distant. The Dutch admiral and both rear-admirals were wounded, the captains of the Wassenaer and Vryheid were killed, and their total loss amounted to 540 killed, and 620 wounded. Comparative Eorce of the Two Fleets- British. Dutch. Number of ships 16 16 Broadside guns — Number - 575 517 Pounds- - 11,501 9,857 Crews, aggregate number- - 8,221 7,157 Tons - - 23,601 20,937 — iftrtraL 1799. French privateer Borde- lais, of 24 guns, captured on coast of Ireland by 38 -gun frigate Revolutionnaire, Capt. Thomas Twysden, after a run of 1 14 hours. 1811. Boats of Imperieuse fri- gate, under Lieut. E. Travers, carried a fort mounting 24- pounders, at Positano, in gulf of Salerno, and brought off two gun- boats, with no greater loss than one man killed and two wounded. October 12. 1702. Reduction of Vigo. Adm. Sir George Rooke, with 15 English, and 10 Dutch men-of- war, and some fire-ships, at- tacked the combined French and Spanish fleet, moored in the har- bour of Vigo, protected by a strong boom, with a ship of the line at each extremity; and within the boom were five ships of from 60 to 70 guns, with their broad- sides bearing upon the entrance. Vice-Adm. Hopson, in the Torbay, led the attack, and, having broke the boom, was instantly between the two ships placed to defend the entrance of the harbour. The other ships had at length found a way through the same passage. The Torbay, from her exposed situa- tion, suffered most severely, hav- ing 115 men killed, besides many wounded; and she was so much disabled that Vice-Adm. Hobson shifted his flag into the Mon- mouth. The land forces having gained possession of the town, the French admiral gave orders to set fire to the ships of his fleet. The following is a summary of the French loss : — Ships. Guns. Men. Burnt and otherwise destroyed - - 7 334 2,030 Taken by the English 4 284 1,750 „ Dutch - 6 342 2,043 Total loss to the - ) 17 French - . j 17 960 5,823 Three Spanish men-of-war, carry- ing 178 guns, were destroyed; and of the 15 galleons, four were October 13. NAVY. 593 taken by the English, five by the Dutch, and four destroyed. The gold and silver on board this fleet were computed at 20 millions of pieces-of-eight, but only six mil- lions were on board the galleons at the time of the attack. 1798. Warren’s Action. — A British squadron, consisting of the Canada, 74, Commodore Sir J. B. Warren, Bart., Bobust, 74, Captain Edward Thornborough, Foudroyant, 74, Capt. Sir Thomas Byard, Magnanime, 44, Captain Hon. M. De Courcy, Ethalion, 38, Capt. George Countess, Anson, 44, Capt. P. C. H. Durham, Me- lampus, 36, Capt. Graham Moore, and Amelia, 38, Captain Hon. Charles Herbert, when off Tory island, coast of Ireland, at 6h. a.m. discovered the French squa- dron of Commodore Bompart, consisting of the Hoche, 74, Im- mortalite, Bomaine, and Loire, 46, Bellone, Coquille, Embuscade, Besolue, and Semillante, of 36 guns. At 7h. a.m., the British ships, having formed in line astern of the Bobust, bore down upon the enemy, who had formed a line ahead, the commodore, in the Hoche, being the fourth ship from the rear. At 7h. 45m., the Bobust having passed under the stern of the Coquille, ranged up under the lee of the Hoche. The Ma- gnanime passing on, engaged the Loire, Immortalite, and Bellone ; but these ships, after receiving a few broadsides, made sail to lee- ward. The Magnanime then placed herself across the bows of the Hoche, and at lOh. 50m. a.m. that ship was so entirely disabled that she hauled down her colours. The Embuscade also surrendered; but the Coquille made sail after her companions, whose object was to cross the bows of the Foud- royant, still on the starboard tack. In this, tiie Loire and Immor- talite succeeded ; but the Bellone, unable to effect it, was compelled to haul up to windward of the of the Foudroyant. After re- ceiving the heavy fire of that ship, she became engaged with the Melampus, whose masts she dis- abled, and keeping up a running fight of one hour and fifty mi- nutes with the Ethalion, the Bel- lone was at length compelled to haul down her colours, with loss of 20 killed and 45 wounded. The Coquille also surrendered, and was taken possession of by the Magnanime. The Bobust had 10 men killed and 43 wounded. The loss on board the other ships was but trifling, for the total only amounted to 13 killed and 75 wounded. The French loss amounted to 462 killed and wounded. — jiftebal. October 13. 1795. Capture op Bepubli- caine. — The 32-gun frigate Mermaid, Capt. H. Warre, cruis- ing off Grenada, captured the French 18 -gun corvette Bepubli- caine, after a running fight of some hours, and a close action of ten minutes, in which the Mer- maid had one man killed and three wounded. The corvette, 20 killed and wounded. 1796. Terpsichore and Ma- honesa. - — The 32 -gun frigate Terpsichore, Captain Bichard Bowen, cruising off Carthagena, captured the Spanish 34-gun fri- gate Mahonesa, after an action, within hail, which lasted from 9h. 30m. a.m. until lOh. 20m., when the Mahonesa endeavoured to make off; but the Terpsichore having quickly refitted her rigging, was again alongside the enemy. In a short time the Mahonesa was compelled to haul down her co- lours, having, out of a crew of 594 CALENDAR OF VICTORY October 3.4, 275, 30 men killed and 30 wounded ; whilst the Terpsichore, whose crew amounted to no more than 182 men, had only four wounded. Lieut. J. F. Devon- shire was promoted to the rank of commander. — iHttfaT. 1813. Telegraph axd Fli- bustier. — At daylight, the Te- legraph schooner, mounting twelve 12-pounder carronades, Lieut. Timothy Scriven, being off the entrance of the Bayonne river, discovered the French 16-gun brig Flibustier, Lieut. Daniel, lying becalmed under the land. At this time the 18-gun brig Challenger and Constant gun- brig were more than six miles distant, in the offing. Favoured by a light breeze, the Telegraph approached the Flibustier, which had anchored under the distant protection of a battery. At 6h. 45m., the Telegraph, having taken up a raking position ahead, opened her fire, which was re- turned by the brig with the guns she could bring to bear. At 7k. p.m., finding that the two British brigs in the offing were rapidly approaching, the Flibustier was set on fire by her own crew, who immediately took to their boats; and at 8h. 10m. the brig blew up. The Telegraph had not a man hurt, nor did she sustain any da- mage. Lieut. Scriven was pro- moted to the rank of commander, and continued in the Telegraph. — jHctral. October 14. 1798. Capture of Resolue. — The French 46-gun frigate Immortalite and 36-gun frigate Resolue, which had escaped from the action on 12th October, were chased; and the Resolue being overtaken by the Melampus, 36, Captain Graham Moore, after a feeble resistance, surrendered ; the Immortalite making no effort to succour her consort. 1803. The 18-gun brig Racoon, Capt. Austen Bissell, being off Cumberland harbour, island of Cuba, at daylight chased some vessels under the land; and having arrived within gun-shot of a brig which had 180 troops on board, compelled her to haul down her colours. A schooner and a cutter were then seen standing towards the Racoon. "When they had ar- rived within pistol-shot, the Ra- coon fired her broadside at the cutter, then, wearing round, dis- charged the other at the schooner, and continued in this manner to manoeuvre so effectually as to prevent the two vessels, whose decks were crowded with troops, from executing their project of boarding. After engaging an hour, the cutter, Amelie, carrying 4 guns, several swivels, and up- wards of 70 troops, being reduced to a sinking state, surrendered. Having taken possession of the cutter, the Racoon crowded sail after the schooner, the Jeune Adele, carrying six guns and 80 troops, which surrendered without further resistance. Iso loss was sustained by the Racoon, but the enemy had 40 men killed and wounded. 1810. Briseis and Sans Souci. — The 10-gun brig Briseis Acting- Capt. George Bentham, in the North Sea, after a run of eight hours and an action of fifty-five minutes, captured the French 14-gun schooner- privateer Sans Souci, having 8 men killed and 19 wounded. The Briseis had 4 killed and 11 wounded. — iHftfilL 1813. At lh. p.m., the 36-gun frigate F urieuse, running along the coast towards the island of Ponza, observed in the port of Marinello, about six miles from Civita-Vec- October 15. NAVY. 595 chia, a convoy of vessels, protected by two gun-boats, a fort of two long 24-pounders, a fortified tower, and a castle. The boats were immediately despatched with a party of seamen and marines, under the orders of Lieut. Walter Croker, who landed and stormed the fort on the land side. After a few broadsides from the Fu- rieuse, the battery was also car- ried, and the guns spiked. The French troops, having retreated to the castle, kept up a galling fire of musketry from loop-holes; not- withstanding which, 16 vessels were captured: two of these were sunk, and the remaining 14, deeply laden, brought out. The British sustained a loss of two men killed and ten wounded. October 15. 1795. Capture of Eveillee. . — In the morning, the 3 6 -gun frigates Melampus, Captain Sir Bichard Strachan, and Latona, Capt. A. K. Legge, off the isle of Groix, gave chase to the French 36-gun frigates Tortue and Ne- reide and 18-gun brig Eveillee, but owing to the inability of the pilot to take the ships within the Barges d’Olonne, the frigates entered the Pertuis Breton in safety, but the Eveillee was cap- tured by the Thunderer, 74, Capt. A. Bertie. 1799. On the 14th October, the 16-gun sloop Echo, Capt. K. Philpot, having chased a brig into Laguadille bay, Porto Bico, on the following day despatched two boats under Lieut. Napier, who captured a Spanish brig from Camana, on the main, bound to Old Spain, laden, and armed with two 4-pounders and 20 men. October 16. 1798. Mermaid and Loire. — On 15th October, the twelve- pounder 32-gun frigate Mermaid, Capt. J. N. Newman, in company with 18-gun brig Kangaroo, Capt. Edward Brace, chased the French 40-gun frigate Loire; and on the 16th, at 3h. p.m.,, the brig, being far advanced in the chase, suc- ceeded in bringing the enemy to action in the most gallant manner until her fore-topmast was shot away. At daybreak on the 17th, the Mermaid, having outsailed the brig, closed with the Loire, and both ships going nearly before the wind, steering north-east, be- came warmly engaged. After defeating the enemy’s attempt to board, the Mermaid, having gained a position on the larboard bow of her opponent, shot away her fore -topmast and cross-jack- yard; and at 9h. 15m. the main- topsail-yard. Soon afterwards, the main- topsail-yard of the Mer- maid came down, and as she was luffing across the hawse of the Loire, her mizen-mast and main- topmast went over the side. Leaving her antagonist thus crip- pled, the Loire put before the wind and was soon out of sight. The Mermaid had only three men killed and 13 wounded. 1799. Capture of Thetis and Sta. Brigida. — In the morn- ing, the 38-gun frigate Naiad, Capt. William Pierrepoint, being in lat. 44° N., long. 12° 30' W., chased the Spanish 34-gun fid- gates Thetis and Santa Brigida. The pursuit continued until 3h. 30m. a. m. on the 16th, when the Ethalion, 38, Capt. James Young, joined in the pursuit. At day- break, the 32 -gun frigates Triton and Alcmcne, Capts. John Gore and Henry Digby, hove in sight, the former astern and the latter QQ 2 596 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 17, to the westward. At 7h. 30m., the Spanish ships separated; and the Ethalion, having pursued the Thetis, brought her to action, and, after a short resistance, compelled her to haul down her colours. The Santa Brigida bore up under all sail, steering for Corunna, closely pursued by the Triton and Alcmene. On the 17th, at 5h. a. m., the Brigida passed so near the rocks of Monte Lora, that the Triton, following her, struck heavily, and sustained some damage ; but fortunately got off, and soon afterwards opened her fire upon the chase. The Alcmene being also close at hand, the Brigida surrendered. For this valuable capture, the captains received 40,730/. 18s.; lieutenants, 5091/. 7s. 3d.; war- rant officers, 2468/. 10s. 9 d.; petty officers, 791/. 17s. ; seamen and marines, 182/. 4s. 9 d. October 17. 1782. A British squadron, con- sisting of Torbay, 74, Capt. J. L. Gidoin, London", 98, Capt. James Kempthorne, and Badger sloop, cruising off the east end of St. j Domingo, discovered to leeward ( of them the French 74-gun ship j Scipion, and the 40-gun frigate j Sybille. The enemy bore away, pursued by the British ships. At 8h. p. m., the London, after some firing, ran alongside to lee- ward of the Scipion, and a close action continued for 40 minutes, the Sybille keeping up a galling fire under the bows of the Lon- don. The London, in endeavour- ing to get athwart her hawse, fell on board her opponent, the lar- board cat-head of the Scipion being abreast of the London’s starboard gangway. In this po- sition the action was continued with increased fury; but, after a short time, the Scipion backed clear of the London, and, bearing up under her stern, raked her; but the latter again closed with the Scipion, and both ships con- tinued engaging until lOh. 20m. p.m., when the Sybille made all sail away. The London, being much disabled, was unable to close the Scipion to take pos- session, but the Torbay arriving up at 3h. 30m. p. m. on the 18th, the French ship bore up and ran into English Harbour, where she struck upon a rock and was totally lost. Her captain, the Chevalier Grimouard, was wounded, and her total loss amounted to 15 killed and 46 wounded. The London had 11 killed and 75 wounded. 1809. In the morning, the boats of the 18-gun brigs Hazard and Pelorus, Capts. Hugh Ca- meron and Thomas Huskisson, were despatched, under the orders of Lieut. James Robertson, to attack a privateer moored under the batteries of St. Marie, Gua- daloupe. Although they were for some time exposed to a heavy fire of grape and musketry, the schooner was gallantly boarded and carried; but being moored to the shore by chains, she was set on fire, and soon afterwards blew up. Six men were killed, Lieut. Flinn and 8 wounded. 1854. Bombardment of Se- bastopol. — On the night of the 16th October, it was determined by the commanders-in-chief of the allied forces that the bom- bardment of Sebastopol should take effect on the following day, and that the combined fleet should, at the same time, attack the bat- teries at the entrance of the port. At about half-past six, volumes of smoke and flashes of fire broke out simultaneously from every part of our lines, which the enemy instantly returned with -vigour, October 17. NAVY. 597 not only from their extensive in- trenchments, but on every height and ridge guns of heavy calibre were placed in battery; and the deafening roar of 120 pieces of cannon on the part of the allies, and above 130 on the Russian batteries, continued with little ces- sation until evening. As soon as the first guns were heard, the greatest activity prevailed on board the fleet. At 9 o’clock the steamers got under way, and paired off with the liners, to which they were respectively lashed. Guns. Queen, 116 | ' starboard ' side of J | Vesuvius Vengeance, 84 Highflyer Albion, 90 Firebrand Britannia,' 120 Furious ( V.-Ad.Dundas) London, 90 »» Niger Triton Arethusa, 50 ” Bellerophon, 78 Cyclops Rodney, 90 „ Spiteful Trafalgar, 120 ” Retribu- tion. Whilst the steamers Agamemnon, 91, Rear-Adm. Lyons, Sanspareil, 81, Terrible, 21, Sampson, 6, and Sphinx, were left on detached service. Guns. Ville de Paris, 1 ‘20 alongside Primauget (V.-Ad. Hamelin) Valmy, 1*20 Friedland, 120 Montebello, 120 Henri IV., 100 Jupiter, (screw), 90 Napoleon, 90 Charlemagne, 90 Bayard, Jean Bart, Suffren, Ville de Mar- seilles, (steamer) ; Canada Pomone Mogador Albatross 90 90 90 alongside Labrador Alger, Marengo, 80 80 80 Christophe Colombe Pluton (screw)., Making a total of 24 sail of the line, a ship of 50 guns, and above twenty steamers. The French squadron, led by the Napoleon, first took their stations, at about half-past 12 o’clock, on the southern side of the harbour, attacking forts Alex- ander and Paul, mounting, re- spectively, 180 and 200 guns; whilst the English assailed fort Constantine, of 300, another of 150, with three minor batteries, of 10, 20, and 30 guns each. The firing soon became terrific, and the weather being calm, the smoke hung heavily about both ships and batteries, and frequently pre- vented anything being seen on either side. The body of the fleet was at the distance of from 1200 to 1500 yards, whilst the Agamemnon, Sanspareil, London, Albion, Terrible, Tribune, and Sampson, were within 800 yards of fort Constantine. The British moved to the attack in three divisions, the Queen at the head of the right, the Britannia of the centre, and the detached ships, under Adm. Lyons, on the left. Owing to some misconception of the order of battle, the French and Turks approached too far north, and consequently the in- tended line could not be kept. The Queen, Capt. F. T. Michell, being impeded from taking her intended station, gallantly stood away for and joined the inshore ships, and her approach was greeted by a signal from the Rear-Adm. “Well done, Queen;” but this noble ship having been set on fire by a red-hot shot, was obliged to retire. Towards dusk the Rodney joined the Agamem- non ; but about this time the whole fleet took their departure towards the offing. The ships which suffered most were the Albion, 10 killed, 71 wounded ; Sanspariel, 11 killed, 59 wound- ed ; Agamemnon, 4 killed, 25 wounded; Arethusa, 4 killed, 15 wounded. The total loss amounting to Killed. Wounded. 44 266 Which, with the French 32 180 Gives a total of 76 346 Q Q 3 598 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 19, October 18. 1798. Capture of Loire. — In the morning, the Erench 40- gun frigate Loire, with loss of fore and main topmasts, was dis- covered to leeward by the 44- gun frigate Anson, Capt. P. C. H. Durham, and the 18 -gun brig Kangaroo, Capt.Brace ; the former without her mizen-mast, main- yard, and main cross-trees, which had been carried away in a squall on the 11th October. At lOh. 30m. a.m., the Anson bore down and engaged the Loire until llh. 45m., when both ships were much disabled. As the Anson dropped astern, the Kangaroo gallantly ranged up alongside the enemy’s frigate, whose mizen-mast falling over the side, carried with it her colours, and the Loire surren- dered. The Anson had two men killed and 13 wounded. The loss on hoard the Lone amounted to 48 killed and 70 wounded. 1806. Caroline and Maria. — The 18-pounder, 36-gun frigate Caroline, Capt. Peter Rainier, attacked the Dutch 12-pounder 36-gun frigate Maria Riggers- bergen, a 14-gun corvette-brig, and an armed ship of 18 guns, which were lying at anchor at Batavia roads. The Caroline an- chored within pistol-shot of the frigate, and, after an action of 30 minutes, compelled her to sur- render. The British frigate sus- tained very little damage, and her loss amounted to 4 killed and 17 men wounded. The Maria had 50 killed and wounded. 1854. Defeat of Chinese Pirates. — Lieut. Wray Palliser, assisted by Lieut, of Marines E. G. Stokes, with three boats of the Spartan, 26, containing 85 sea- men and marines, on the 17th October, proceeded in company with the Ann steamer, Lieut. Morrell, to rescue a French lady, held in captivity by some Chinese pirates; and in the evening an- chored in Coulan bay. On the following morning the boats gave chase to three junks, which made for the shore, whose crew, after throwing the guns overboard, es- caped into the jungle. The Erench lady, together with a Chinese merchant, were, however, fortu- nately recovered, and sent to the steamer. The tln-ee junks being destroyed, the boats pulled to the village of Coo-choo-mee, which, with two other hamlets, were burnt. Lieut. Palliser then at- tacked a village in an adjacent valley, defended by four guns, five wall-pieces, and by large stones thrown from a height. In spite of this opposition, the bat- tery was speedily cleared, and the Chinese, not killed or wound- ed, hastily fled. Having burnt the village and 17 boats on the beach, the party returned to the Ann, without sustaining any loss. October 19. 1760. Capture of Sirene. — On 1 7 th October, the 50-gun ship Hampshire, Capt. Charles Nor- bury, 2 8 -gun ship Boreas, Capt. Samuel Uvedale, and 20-gun ship Lively, Capt. the Hon. Frederick Maitland, off Cape Nicolas, chased five Erench frigates. The Boreas, at midnight, arrived up with the 32-gun frigate Sirene, Commodore M‘Cartie, but in a short time was so disabled as to drop astern. Having repaired her damages, she again closed with the Sirene at 2h. a.m. on the 18th, and, after two hours’ close action, compelled her to surrender, with loss of 80 killed and wounded, out of a crew of 280. Boreas, one killed and one wounded. The remaining four ships, were October 20. NAVY. 599 pursued by Hampshire and Lively. The latter was enabled to bring the sternmost to action at a little before eight, and, after a contest of two hours, compelled her to haul down her colours, having 38 killed and 24 wounded. The Hampshire followed the remain- ing three frigates, and at 3h. 30m. p.m. attacked the Due de Choi- seul ; but the latter effected her escape into Port-au-Paix. The Prince Edward and Fleur de Lys ran on shore, and, being set on fire by their crews, blew up. October 20. 1793. Crescent and Reunion. — The 18 -pounder 36-gun frigate Crescent, with a crew of 257 men, Capt. James Saumarez, being off Cape Barfleur, as the day dawned on the 20th discovered the French 12-pounder 36-gun frigate Re- union, Capt. F. A. Denian, and a cutter. The Crescent immediately edged away with a commanding breeze, and in a short time ran alongside her opponent. A spi- rited action ensued, in the early part of which the Crescent had her fore-topsail-yard and fore-top- mast shot away. She then came round on the opposite tack, and brought her larboard guns to bear upon the Reunion’s stern and quarter. Having also her fore- yard and mizen-topmast knocked away, the French frigate became exposed to the raking fire of the Crescent, and, after a gallant re- sistance of two hours and ten minutes, she struck her colours. The Circe, 28, Capt. J. S. Yorke, which had been becalmed about three leagues off, was now fast approaching. The Reunion, out of a crew of 300 men, had 33 killed and 48 severely wounded ; whilst the Crescent had not a man hurt by the enemy’s shot, and the only person injured had his leg broken by the recoil of a gun. — JHefcal. 1798. Fisgard and Immor- talite. — The 38-gun frigate Fisgard, Capt. Thomas By am Martin, cruising to the westward, discovered the French 40-gun frigate Immortalite to windward, steering free with the wind WSW. At llh. 30m., the two frigates commenced firing their chase guns ; and, at half-past noon, the Fisgard having got close alongside, a spirited action was maintained until lh. p.m., when the Fisgard, being much cut up, dropped astern. The French fri- gate endeavoured to make off, but in less than half an hour the Fisgard was again in action with her antagonist. Both ships were warmly engaged until 3h. p.m., by which time the Immortalite, having her mizen-mast shot away, her other masts badly wounded, and her captain, several officers, and 54 men killed, and 61 wound- ed, hauled down her colours. The loss of the Fisgard amounted to ten men killed and 2 6 wounded. — MtiSKh 1827. Battle of Navarino. — On 15th October the combined British, French, and Russian squadrons were assembled before Navarino. Various attempts to communicate with Ibrahim hav- ing failed, it was decided on the 18th that the combined squadron should enter the harbour, and thence renew the negotiations. On the evening of the 19 th, the vice-admiral issued instructions for anchoring each division. At about Hi. 30m. p.m., on the 20th October, the signal was made by the Asia to prepare for action; and the combined fleet, consisting of the following ships, imme- diately weighed, and stood into the harbour of Navarino. Q Q 4 600 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 20. British Squadron. Guns. Killed. Wnded. 80 Asia, V.-A. Sir E. Codrington, Cap- 1 S3 tain Edward Cur- zon, K. C.B. 19 57 74 Genoa, Commo. W. Bathurst (killed) 26 S3 74 Albion, Capt. John Ommaney 10 50 46 Dartmouth, Capt. Thos. Fellowes 6 8 50 Glasgow, Captain Hon. J. A. Maude 2 48 Cambrian, Captain G. W. Hamilton 1 1 28 Talbot, Capt. Hon. Fred. Spencer 6 17 10 Philomel, Captain Visct. Ingestrie - 1 7 18 Rose, Capt. Lewis Davies 3 15 10 Brisk, Capt. Hon. W. Anson 1 3 10 Musquito, Captain George B. Martin 2 4 6 Hind cutter, Lieut. J. Robb - Total - - 85 197 French. Guns. 60 Sirfcne, Rear-Admiral de Rigny. 80 Trident. 78 Scipion. 80 Breslau. 76 Armide. 16 Alcyone. Daphne. Russian. Guns. , 80 Azoff, Rear-Adm. Count Heiden. 76 Gorgoute. 76 Ezekiel. 76 Newsky. 46 Provernoy. 48 Constantine. 46 Elena. 46 Castor. The Turkish and Egyptian ships were moored in the form of a crescent, consisting of one ship of 84, and two of 74 guns each, mounting on their lower deck four guns of 10-inch bore, for throwing marble-shot of 120 lbs., weight, two of 64, two of 60, two of 50, fifteen 48-gun frigates, 26 large corvettes, eleven brigs, and five fire-ships; making, with about 40 transports, a total of above a hundred sail, mounting together 2000 guns. At about 2h. p. m., the Asia passed unmolested with- in pistol-shot of the heavy battery on the starboard hand, and an- chored close alongside of a ship of the line, bearing the flag of the Captain Bey, and on the larboard, or inner quarter of a double- banked frigate, with the flag of Moharem Bey, commanding the Egyptian squadron.* The Genoa, closely following, brought up abreast of a double-banked fri- gate astern of the admiral, and the Albion anchored astern of the Genoa. Four ships of the Egyptian squadron, to windward of the fleet, were entrusted to the Russian admiral, and those to leeward in the bight of the cres- cent were to mark the stations of the whole Russian squadron; the ships of the line closing those of the British, and being followed up by their frigates. The French frigate Armide was directed to place herself alongside the outer- most frigate on the left hand side on entering the harbour, and the Cambrian, Glasgow, and Talbot, next to her, and abreast of the Asia, Genoa, and Albion. The Dartmouth, with the Rose, Wasp, Philomel, and Mosquito, were ordered to watch the movements of the six fire-ships stationed at the entrance of the harbour. The British ships of the line were suffered to anchor without a shot being fired, and the Dart- mouth following them, had also anchored, when Capt. Fellowes, perceiving some activity on board the fire-ships, sent a boat, com- manded by Lieut. George W. H. Fitzroy, to desire that the fire- ships should quit the line occu- pied by the allies. A fire was opened upon the boat, which killed the lieutenant and several of the crew. The Sirene and Dartmouth instantly opened a fire of musketry upon the Turk- ish vessels, to cover the boat’s October 21. NAVY. 601 return. A shot from the Turkish admiral having been fired, the whole of the allied ships in posi- tion immediately opened their broadsides upon the Turks. The action then becoming general, the fire-ships were soon in flames : one blew up, and another was sunk. The forts, especially that of Navarino, committed much havoc on board the ships. In a short time the two opponents of the Asia were so effectually beat- en, that they dropped to leeward complete wrecks. She then be- came exposed to a destructive fire from the ships of the inner lines, by which her mizen-mast was shot away. The Genoa also suffered severely. Capt. Bathurst was mortally wounded by a grape- shot. The Albion was exposed to a cluster of ships, but her prin- cipal opponents were a ship of 74, and two of 64 guns. One of these fell foul of the Albion and made an attempt to board, but the assailants were repulsed with heavy loss, and the Turkish ship was in turn boarded, and carried by a party of men led by Lieut. John Drake. Shortly after- wards she caught fire, and having drifted to leeward, exploded; and the two other opponents of the Albion met the same fate. The Bose, Philomel, and Talbot, were also greatly distinguished ; and the conduct of Lieut. Bobb, in the Hind cutter, elicited the ad- miration of the fleets. The French ships behaved nobly, and the Bussians also well maintained the honour of their flag. Summary. Killed. Wounded. Total killed and ■wounded. British 75 197 272 French 43 144 187 Bussians 59 139 198 Total — Plctral 177 480 657 October 21. 1757. Capt. Arthur Forrest, in the Augusta, 60, with Edinburgh, Capt. William Langdon, and Dreadnought, 60, Capt. Maurice Suckling, cruising off Cape Fran- cois, at 7h. a.m. discovered a French squadron under M. de Kersaint, consisting of Intrepide and Sceptre, 74s, Opinatre, 64, Greenwich, 50, Outarde, 44, and Sauvage and Licorne, of 32 guns, At 3h. 20m. r.M., the three Bri- tish ships formed in line ahead: the Dreadnought leading, attacked the Intrepide ; and the action was maintained with much spirit, until the French ships dropped astern, and fell foul of the Greenwich, producing so much confusion that the British were enabled to en- gage them with great effect, with- out experiencing any injury in return. The action had lasted two hours, when the French com- modore in the Intrepide was towed out of action by one of the frigates, and the whole of the enemy's squadron then made off to leeward. The British ships suffered so much in their sails and rigging as to be incapable of pursuit. The Augusta had her first lieutenant and 8 men killed, and 39 wounded ; Dreadnought, 9 killed and 30 wounded ; Edin- burgh, 5 killed and 30 wounded. The French squadron lost about 600 in killed and wounded. 1794. Capture of Bevolu- tionnaire. — The 38-gun frigate Artois, Capt. Edmund Nagle being in company with the fri- gates, Arethusa, Diamond, and Galatea, gave chase to the French 40- gun frigate, Bevolu- tionnaire. The Artois took the lead in the pursuit, and engaged the enemy for forty minutes; when the Diamond arriving up. 602 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 21, the French frigate surrendered, having eight men killed, her cap- tain and four men wounded. — iHrtral. 1805. Battle of Trafalgar. — On 19th October, a British fleet of twenty-seven ships of the line and four frigates, under Vice- Adm. Lord Nelson, was cruising before Cadiz. On that day, and on the 20th, the combined French and Spanish fleet of 33 ships of the line and 5 frigates put to sea. On Monday the 21st, at 6h. a.m., Cape Trafalgar bearing east by south, distant seven leagues, the combined fleet was discovered about ten miles to leeward. The British soon after bore up, and formed the order of sailing in two columns. At 8h. 30m. the enemy wore and formed in line on the larboard tack. Owing to the lightness of the wind and the heavy swell, it was near lOh. a.m. before the manoeuvre was com- pleted, and then the line was so very irregularly formed, that it was nearly in the shape of a cres- cent, particularly towards the rear. The Victory leading the weather, and the Royal Sovereign the lee column of the British fleet, Lord Nelson telegraphed to Lord Collingwood, “ I intend to pass through the van of the enemy’s line, to prevent him from getting into Cadiz.” The signal was next made, “ Prepare to an- chor after close of day;” and shortly afterwards, that emphatic injunction was telegraphed to the fleet, “ England expects every man will do his duty.” It was just at noon, the wind very light, the sea smooth, with a heavy swell setting from the westward, when the Fougueux,the ship next astern to the Santa Ana, opened her fire upon the Royal Sovereign, as did other ships as they brought their guns to bear. At ten mi- nutes past noon, the Royal Sove- reign passed close astern of the Santa Ana, and ranged close alongside of the three-decker, to leeward. The Sovereign was also exposed to the fire of the San Leandro, San Justo, andlndompt- able, within 300 yards on her starboard bow and quarter. Just at this time the mizen-topmast of the Spanish three-decker was shot away ; by lh. p.m., her three masts had fallen over the s de; and after a severe contest of little more than two hours, the Santa Ana struck her colours. At this period the mizen-mast of the Royal Sovereign came down, and shortly afterwards her main-mast fell over the side ; whilst the tot- tering foremast was so crippled, that the British ship was almost as much disabled as the one she had so gallantly captured. After sustaining the fire of the centre and part of the rear of the combined line, for more than twenty minutes, the Belleisle, at 30 minutes past noon, discharged a broadside into the stern of the Santa Ana, and with her star- board guns exchanged some shot with the Fougueux. She then steered for the stern of the In- domptable; but the latter, after the exchange of some broadsides, bore away to the south-east. At lh. p.m., the Fougueux ranged up on the starboard side, but in a quarter of an hour, hauled to the northward and ran on board the Temeraire. At this time, as the Belleisle lay with main-top- mast and mizen-mast shot away, the French Achille stationed her- self on the larboard quarter, while the Aigle engaged her dis- tantly on the starboard side, as did the San Leandro and Justo, as they passed ahead towards the rear of the line. At 3h. 15m., the Belleisle was lying totally dismast- October 21. NAVY. 603 ed, when the Swiftsure passed under her stern, and soon gave full occupation to the Trench Achille. The Mars, as she broke through the line, became engaged with the Pluton (from which ship Capt. Duff was killed); and she also found opponents in the Monarca and the Algesiras ; but the Tonnant arriving up, passed under the stern of the Spanish ship, and soon compelled her to haul down her colours. She then ran the Alge- siras on board, being at the satne time engaged by the San Juan on her larboard bow, and the Monarca, who had re-hoisted her colours, on her quarter. The Trench ship now made a serious attempt to board, but the assail- ants were repulsed with great loss ; and at 2h. 15m. she struck her colours, having 200 men killed and wounded, including Kear- Adm. Magon, mortally wounded. The Bellerophon, passing under the stern of the Monarca, at 50 minutes past noon, ran foul of the Aigle. Whilst engaging that ship, the Bellerophon sustained the fire of the Monarca and Mon- tanez to windward, and the Ba- hama and Swiftsure to leeward. At. lh. p.m., her main and mizen topmasts fell over the starboard side, and shortly afterwards Capt. Cooke was killed; and at lh. 40m. p.m., the Aigle, after several in- effectual attempts to board, dropped astern. At about lh. p.m., the Colossus ran on board the larboard side of the Argonaute, and in about a quarter of an hour the Trench ship dropped astern. After en- gaging the Swiftsure, the Colossus, directing her entire attention to the Bahama, compelled her to sur- render ; and then renewed her contest with the Swiftsure, who lost her mizen-mast just as Belle- rophon brought down her main- mast, and the Trench ship sur- rendered. The Colossus lost her mizen-mast, and the mainmast went during the night. The Achille, following closely after the Colossus, passed under the stern of the Montanez; but in a short time the Spanish ship sheered off. The Achille then stood away to succour the Belle- isle, which was lying partly dismasted, with three ships upon her, and engaged the Argonaute until she compelled her to strike her colours. The Achille soon found fresh opponents in the Trench Achille and the Berwick. The two ships were warmly en- gaged for upwards of an hour, when the Berwick hauled down her colours. At 2h. 20m., the Dreadnought ran on board of and captured the San Juan, which, having been previously engaged by the Ton- nant, Bellerophon, and some other ships, was nearly in a defenceless state. The Dreadnought then stood on towards the Principe de Asturias ; but, after two or three broadsides, the Spanish three- decker with several other ships effected their escape. About 3h. 25m., the Swiftsure opened her fire upon the Trench Achille, as the latter passed along the larboard beam of the Belleisle. The Polyphemus, after receiving the heavy fire of the Trench Neptune in passing be- tween that ship and the Belleisle, advanced upon the Achille’s wea- ther quarter ; but in a short time, the Trench ship having taken fire, she ceased to engage; and the Prince bore down in time to assist in silencing that gallantly defended ship. The Polyphemus then stood away towards the De- fence, which was engaged with the San Ildefonso; but the Spanish 604 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 21. colours were hauled down before the Polyphemus could take part in the action. The Revenge passed close ahead of the Aigle, and whilst hauling up on the larboard tack, received a destructive fire into her lee quarter from the Principe de Asturias, which, in conjunction with the ships around her, con- tinued to cannonade the Revenge, until the Dreadnought and Thun- derer took off the fire of the Spanish three-decker. The Defence commenced en- gaging the Berwick at 2h. 30m. p.m. , but in less than half an hour the French ship hauled off. The San Ildefonso was the next oppo- nent of the Defence, and after engaging her for upwards of an hour, the Spanish ship struck her colours. The Thunderer, after raking the Principe de Asturias, was engaged with the French Neptune for a short time. The Defiance, at 3h. p.m., closed with the Aigle, and boarded her with little resistance, but the as- sailants were soon driven back to their ship. After contending for twenty minutes within pistol- shot, the Aigle surrendered. Returning to the starboard divi- sion, the Victory, atlh. p.m., pass- ing under the stern of the Bucen- taure, became exposed to the rak- ing fire of the French Neptune, as she ran foul of the Redoutable, and in a few minutes the Victory dropped along that ship’s star- board side. At lh. 25m. p.m., Lord Nelson was mortally wounded by a musket-ball. The two ships continued warmly en- gaged, when the Temeraire, ar- riving quickly up, received a sharp fire from the starboard guns of the Redoutable, and she suffered severely from being raked by the French Neptune, which brought down her fore-yard and main-top- mast. At that moment, about lh. 40m. p.m., the Redoutable* with the Victory on her larboard side, fell on board the Temeraire. That ship having dropped along- side, the heroically-fought Re- doutable, after several resolute attempts to board her opponents, was at length overpowered, and taken possession of at lh. 55m., having 300 killed and 222 wound- ed, out of a crew of 643 men. Just as the Victory was booming herself off, the Fougueux, which had been engaged with the Belle- isle and other ships of the lar- board column, ran alongside the Temeraire. Lieut. Kennedy, with 30 followers, then boarded and carried the Fougueux. It was intended that the Levia- than should have preceded the Victory, but the head of the column was now too far advanced to render this change practicable. The Neptune having shortened sail, to facilitatethe endeavours of the Leviathan to pass ahead to her newly allotted station, at lh. 45m. the latter passing un- der the stern of the Bucentaure, brought down the French ad- miral’s main and mizen masts. The Neptune was soon close under the stern of the Santissima Trinidada, whose main and mizen masts went by the board just as the Leviathan opened her fire. The Conqueror, following the Leviathan, having brought down the Bucentaure’s foremast, then directed her fire at the San- tissima from to windward, while the Neptune engaged her to lee- ward ; and at 2h. 30m. the foremast of this huge ship fell over her bows, as she lay an un- manageable hulk upon the water. The Leviathan then hauled up for the ships in the enemy’s van; and at 3h. p.m., as the San Au- October 21. NAVY. 605 gustin endeavoured to pass ahead, a well-directed broadside brought down her mizen-mast, and with it the Spanish colours, as she fell Dn board the Leviathan. Lieut. Eyles Mounsheer, at the head of a party of men, then boarded and ’carried her without further op- position. The Africa brought the Intrepide to close action at about 3h. 30m. p.m., and notwith- standing her inferiority of force, continued the contest for nearly three-quarters of an hour; at which time the Orion came up, and, after a defence of 30 minutes, the Intrepide, with loss of main and mizen masts, struck her co- lours, having 200 killed and wounded. Of the ten van ships of the enemy, four French and one Spanish, under Rear-Adm. Du- manoir, hauled their wind, and the remaining five kept away to- wards Cadiz. The Britannia, after engaging the San Francisco d’Asis, became opposed to the Rayo. The Agamemnon also ex- changed a few broadsides with some of the ships that bore up. The Formidable, Duguay Trouin, Mont Blanc, Scipion and Neptuno, as they passed to wind- ward, at about 3h. 15m. became engaged with the Minotaur and Spartiate, lying hove to on the larboard tack. At 4h. p.m., the two British 74s wore round, and closed with the Neptuno, who, after a gallant defence, surren- dered at about 5h. 10m. p.m., with loss of her mizen-mast and fore and main topmasts. Of the 19 ships composing the rear of the combined line, eleven were captured, and seven, which bore away towards Cadiz, escaped. The Achille, at about 5h. 45m., still hav- ing her colours flying, exploded. The following is a statement of the ships in both fleets : — British Fleet. Weather Division . Guns. Killed. Wnded. 100 Victory, Yice-A. Ld. Nelson, K.B. 57 102 98 Temeraire 47 76 98 Neptune 10 34 74 Leviathan - 4 22 74 Conqueror 100 Britannia, Rear- Adm. Earl of 3 9 Northesk 10 42 74 Agamemnon - 2 7 64 Africa 18 44 74 Ajax - 2 9 „ Orion - 1 23 „ Minotaur 3 22 „ Spartiate 3 20 Lee Division. Killed. Wnded. 100 Royal Sovereign, Vice-A. Col- lingwood - 47 94 74 Belleisle - 33 93 74 Mars - 29 69 80 Tonnant - 26 50 74 Bellerophon - 27 123 „ Colossus - 40 160 „ Achille - - 13 59 98 Dreadnought - 7 26 64 Polyphemus - 2 4 74 Revenge - 28 51 „ Swiftsure - 9 8 „ Defiance - 17 53 „ Thunderer - 4 12 „ Defence - 7 29 98 Prince - - — — Total - 449 1241 Frigates, Euryalus, Naiad, Phoebe, Sirius. Cutter Entreprenant. Schooner Pickle. Combined Fleet. Guns. 80 Neptuno (taken).* 74 Scipion. 74 Intrepide (taken). 100 Rayo. 80 Formidable. 74 Duguay Trouin, Rear-Adm. Dumanoir. „ Mont Blanc. * The Spanish ships are in italic . ‘ 606 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 23 trims. 74 San Francisco de Asis. „ San Augustin (taken). „ Heros. 130 Santissima Trinidada , Rear- Adm. Cisneros (taken). 74 Bucentaure,Vice-Adm.Ville- neuve (taken). 80 Neptune. 64 San Leandro. 74 Redoubtable (taken). 80 San Justo. „ Indomptable. 112 Santa Ana , Vice-Admiral D’Alava (taken). 74 Eougueux (taken). „ Monarca (taken). „ Pluton. „ Algesiras,Rear-Adm.Magon (killed), (taken). „ Bahama (taken). „ Aigle (taken). „ Swiftsure (taken). „ Argonaute. „ Montanez. 80 Argonauta (taken). 74 Berwick (taken). „ San Juan Nepomuceno (taken). „ San Ildefonso (taken). „ Achille (burnt). 112 Principe de Asturias, Adm. Gravina. Erench frigates, Cornelie, Her- mione, Hortense, Rhin, Themis. Brigs, Argus and Euret. — JWiftal. 1813. The Eran co-Batavian 40- gun frigate Weser, with the loss of her main and mizen masts and fore-topmast, after resisting the attack of Scy 11a and Royalist, 18- gun brigs, for two days, with loss of 4 men killed and 15 wounded, was captured by Rippon, 74, Capt. C. Cole, on 21st October. October 22. 1793. Agamemnon and Ehencii Squadron. — At 2h. a.m., the 64- gun ship Agamemnon, Captain Horatio Nelson, being off Sar- dinia, on her way to join Com- modore Linzee, fell in with a Erench squadron of five frigates, under Commodore Perree, which at 2h. a. m. were seen close on awind, standing to the north- west, across the bows of the Aga- memnon ; but, on observing the latter, they fired rockets and tacked. At 4h., the Agamemnon having hailed a frigate, and re- ceiving no reply, a shot was fired ahead of her ; whereupon the stranger made all sail, steering two points free, followed by the British 64. At daylight the chase hoisted Erench colours, and commenced firing her stem- chasers, and occasionally, from her superiority of sailing, was enabled to yaw and discharge her broadside. The other four ships were under all sail on the Agamemnon’s weather quar- ter ; and at 9h. a. m. were gain- ing very fast. The British ship being nearly becalmed, the fri- gate to leeward, which was the Melpomene, then hauled up to rejoin her consorts. The Aga- memnon, having her masts badly wounded, and sails and rigging much cut, was not in a condition to haul to the wind in chase ; but the French squadron had the option of bringing the 64 to action during the whole day. They did not, however, make the attempt, but pursued their route. Out of a crew of 345 men, the Agamem- non had one man killed and six wounded. October 23. 1813. Capture of Traye. — On 21st October the 40-gun frigate Trave (consort of the We- ser, captured on same day by Rippon, 74, and also dismasted) was fallen in with by the 16-gun brig Achates, Capt. J. H. Morri- son, standing to the south-east, October 24. NAVY. 607 with the wind at south-west. The brig, being to leeward, made sail in chase, and at 7h. 50m., having opened her fire in passing, re- ceived in return the broadside of the frigate. At noon, the Achates again exchanged shots with the enemy’s ship, and continued en- gaging in an advantageous posi- tion on her quarter until 8h. p. m., when dark and squally weather hid the Trave from her view. The Trench frigate, without fur- ther interruption, continued her course until the afternoon of the 23rd, when the 38-gun frigate Andromache hove in sight. At 3h. 30m. p. M., the Trave com- menced firing her stern-chasers, but the Andromache made no return to it until 4h. 15m., by which time she had gained a po- sition on the Trench frigate’s weather quarter. The fire of the Andromache was so close and well directed, that in a quarter of an hour the Trave hauled down her colours ; having, out of a complement of 321, one man kill- ed, her captain and 27 wounded. The senior lieutenant of the An- dromache, Thomas Dickinson, was severely, and one seaman slightly wounded. October 24. 1779. The Trench 32 -gun fri- gate Alemene, captured by the squadron under Capt. Richard Edwards, cruising off Martinico. 1793. Thames and Uranie. — The 32-gun frigate Thames, Capt. James Cotes, cruising to the west- ward of Ushant, at lOh. a. m. dis- covered the Trench 40- gun frigate Uranie standing towards her. On arriving abreast of the Thames, the enemy fired her broadside, then, wearing round, hauled up on the British ship’s weather quarter. A spirited action was maintained until 2h. 30rn. p. m., when the Uranie bore up and raked her opponent. She then hauled up, and attempted to board her on the starboard quarter; but finding herself repulsed by the well-di- rected fire of the Thames, she threw all aback and hauled off, the crew of the British frigate giving three cheers at parting. Out of a crew of 184, the Thames had eleven men killed ; one lieu- tenant (George Robinson), her master (George Norris), master’s mate (David Valentine), Mid- shipman James Dale, and 23 wounded. The Thames was only 650 tons, whilst her opponent was a firsh class 40-gun frigate, with a crew of 320 men. While the British frigate was repairing her damages, four Trench ships hove in sight, and to one of these the Thames surrendered. 1798. Sirius and Turie.— In the forenoon, the 36-gun frigate Sirius, Capt. Richard King, off the Texel, fell in with the Dutch 36-gun frigate Turie and 24-gun corvette Waakzaamheid. After firing a broadside at the frigate as she passed, the Sirius hauled up for the corvette, which at 9h. a. m., on receiving the fire of her opponent, hauled down her co- lours. The Turie, on seeing the fate of her consort, bore up and made sail to escape ; but the Sirius, after taking possession of the corvette, overtook the Dutch frigate at 5h. p. m., and, after an hour’s engagement, compelled her to surrender. Her loss, out of a crew of 328, including 165 soldiers, amounted to eight killed and 14 wounded. The Sirius had only one man wounded. October 25. 1799. Capture of the Her- mione.— The 28 -gun frigate Sur- 603 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. October 26. prise, Capt. Edward Hamilton, arrived off the harbour of Puerto Cabello on the 21st October, when she discovered the Her- mione (late British), now mount- ing 44 guns, with a crew of 321 men, moored head and stern be- tween two strong batteries, at the entrance of the harbour, said to mount between them nearly 200 guns. On the evening of the 24th, Capt. Hamilton acquainted the ship’s company with his in- tention to lead them in an attempt to cut out the Hermione by the boats; which at 8h. p.m., con- taining 100 men, pulled towards the Spanish frigate. About mid- night a guard-boat gave the alarm, and the Hermione dis- charged the bow-guns on her main-deck and forecastle. The British, nothing daunted, dashed boldly forward. Captain Ha- milton, with Mr. John Maxwell the gunner, and eight or ten men from his boat, boarded the Spa- nish frigate, and took possession of the forecastle, without much resistance. The gig, under the command of Mr. J ohn M*'Mullen the surgeon, boarded on the lar- board bow, and the men imme- diately joined the captain’s party. In the meanwhile the two cutters, commanded by the first lieu- tenant and boatswain, had each been beaten off from the gang- ways. The second lieutenant, in the launch, had been directed to cut the bower, and the carpenter, in the jolly boat, the stern cable ; and then both boats, after re- inforcing the boarders, were to go ahead and tow the ship. Leav- ing the gunner with 12 men in possession of the starboard gang- way, Captain Hamilton, with the surgeon’s party, proceeded along the larboard side to the quarter- deck, where the Spanish officers hud taken their station, which they obstinately defended. A dreadful carnage ensued among the Spaniards, nor did the British escape with impunity, — Captain Hamilton, the gunner, and several of the men being badly wounded. At this moment the first lieu- tenant, and acting lieutenant of marines, M de la Tour du Pin, had boarded with their respective parties ; and the cables being cut, the boats under the direction of the second lieutenant pulled ahead, and took the ship in tow, whilst hands went aloft and loosed the fore and mizen topsails. Follow- ing up their success, the officer of marines and the surgeon pur- sued the Spaniards on the main- deck so quickly that they were incapable of making a regular defence, and soon compelled to cry for quarter. The batteries did not open their fire until the Hermione was fairly under way ; nevertheless she was struck by several shot; but by 2h. a.m. the prize was out of reach of the bat- teries. In effecting this unparal- leled enterprise, the British sus- tained so comparatively slight a loss as 12 wounded, including Captain Hamilton by several contusions, and Mr. Maxell the gunner, dangerously and in se- veral places. Out of a crew of 365, the Hermione had 119 killed and 97 wounded. — iHcftal. 1810. The 10-gun brig Cal- liope, Captain John M‘Kerlie, in the North Sea, captured the French schooner-privateer Com- tesse d’Hambourg, of 14 guns and 51 men, after a chase of two hours and a smart running fight. The Calliope had three men wounded. October 26, 1803. Capture of Resource. — Three boats of the 18-gun brig Osprey, under the command of October 27. NAVY 609 Lieut. Robert Henderson, pro- ceeded in chase of the French privateer Resource, of four 4- pounders and 73 men, being un- der the land of Trinidad. The boat of the lieutenant being considerably in advance of the other two, that gallant officer dashed alongside the privateer, and, although exposed to a heavy hre from her guns and musketry, boarded and carried the schooner, which had two men killed and 12 wounded. Lieut. Henderson and four seamen were wounded. 1807. Boats of Herald. — In the night of 25th October, the boats of the 18-gun sloop Herald, Captain George M. Honey, com- manded by Lieut. Walter Fore- man, were sent to attack a vessel lying moored under the fortress of Otranto. Early on the morn- ing of the 26th, the boats dashed alongside of the French privateer Cesar, mounting four long 6- pounders, and carried her with the loss of only one man wounded. 1809. The French 80-gun ship Robuste and 74-gun ship Lion, belonging to the squadron of Rear-Adm. Baudin, which had escaped from Toulon with Adm. . Gantheaume, were driven on shore near Frontignan, in the gulf of Lyons, by a squadron of six sail of the line under Rear- Admiral George Martin. The French ships were set on fire by their own crews, and at lOh. 30m. p. m. blew up with a tremendous explosion. October 27. 1800. Capture of the San Josef. — In the evening, the boats of the 38-gun frigate Phae- ton, under the orders of Lieut. Francis Beaufort, proceeded to attack the Spanish polacre-ship San Josef, mounting two long 24-pounders in the bow, two long 1 8 -poun ders for stern-chasers, and four 12- and six 4-pound- ers, all brass, on her sides, having on board 34 seamen and 22 sol- diers, lying moored under the protection of five guns, mounted on the fortress of Fuengirola, near Malaga. At 5h. a.m. on the 28th, in face of an obsti- nate resistance, the three boats boarded, carried, and brought out the polacre. In this gallant affair, one seaman was killed. Lieut. Beaufort was wounded in the head, and afterwards received several slugs in his left arm and m his body. Lieutenant Duncan Campbell received several sabre wounds, and Mr. Hamilton was shot through the thigh whilst in the boat ; notwithstanding which he gallantly boarded with the rest : one seaman was also wounded, making the total Bri- tish loss one killed and four wounded. 1810. Orestes and Loup- Garou. — At daylight, lat. 48° 30' N., long. 8° 56' W., the 16- gun brig Orestes, 95 men and boys, Capt. John Richard Lape- notiere, after an hour’s chase and a close action of thirty minutes captured the French brig-pri- vateer Loup-Garou, of 16 *guns, and 100 men and boys. Her loss amounted to only 4 men wound- ed. The Orestes had not a man hurt. October 28. 1801. Pasley and Polacre. — The hired armed 14-gun brio* Pasley, Lieut. William Woold- ridge, when about twenty leagues from Cape de Gatt, was chased by bpanish polacre-ship Virgin del Rosario, pierced for 20, but mounting only ten guns, eight of which were long twelve-pounders 610 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. October 31, and two long twenty-fours, with a crew of 94 men. After an hour’s engagement, the Pasley, being disabled in her rigging and having her gaff shot away, in order to prevent her adversary’s escape, ran the polacre athwart hawse, lashing the Spaniard’s bowsprit to the Pasley ’s capstan. The British crew then jumped on board, and after a sharp struggle of 15 minutes, carried the po- lacre; but not until her captain, six officers, and 15 seamen were killed, and 13 wounded. On board the Pasley, the gunner and two seamen were killed ; her commander shot through the left shoulder, her master, Ambrose Lyons (mortally), master’s mate (George Davies), and five seamen wounded. Lieut. Wooldridge was promoted to the rank of com- mander, for the bravery evinced on this and on former occasions. — October 29. 1704. In the month of October, the Spaniards having formed a plan for the attack of Gibraltar, the Prince of Hesse applied to Sir John Leake, who was then at Lisbon with his fleet, for suc- cour. On the 25th of the month, the admiral sailed to its relief, and on the 29th entered the bay, where he surprised and captured three French frigates, a corvette, and a store-ship. The English fleet arrived very opportunely, for the Spaniards intended to have stormed the fortress that night. October 30. 1794. Jacobin, 24, captured in West Indies by squadron under Capt. Truscott. 1805. Prudente, 12, captured at the Cape of Good Hope by squa- dron under Sir Home Popham. 1809. Milan, 18, taken off Ushant by Surveillante, 38, Capt. Sir George Collier. October 31. 1803. At 9h. a. m., while the Leda frigate, Capt. Robert Honey- man, with the Lark and Harpy brigs, were off Etaples, working towards the shore, with a strong breeze at ESE., a brig mounting 12 long 24-pounders, with six vessels under convoy, was ob- served coming out of port. The hired armed cutter Admiral Mitchell, of 12 carronades, 12- pounders, with a crew of 35 men and boys, Lieut. Alexander Ship- pard, being close off Boulogne, gallantly stood after them. At lOh. a.m., he brought them to action under the batteries of Por- tet, and, after engaging them up- wards of two hours, drove the brig and one of the sloops ashore. The Admiral Mitchell was much cut up in her masts and rigging, but her loss did not amount to more than two men wounded. 1808. Circe Am> Palinure. — At daylight, the 32-gun frigate Circe, Capt. Hugh Pigot, cruising off fort Royal, Martinique, dis- covered the" French 16-gun brig Palinure, under jury-masts, com- ing down before the wind, and, hauling close round the Diamond rock, by the aid of her sweeps, got under the protection of a battery on Pointe Salomon. The Circe opened her fire as soon as her guns would bear with effect, and, after an action of 1 5 minutes, the Palinure, having seven men killed and eight wounded, hauled down her colours. The Circe had one man killed and one wounded. November 1. NAVY. 611 1809. Gallant Boat Attack in Bay of Rosas. — On 31st October, the boats of the Tigre and Cumberland, 74s, Volontaire, Apollo, and Topaze frigates, Scout and Tuscan brigs, under the orders of Lieut. John Tailour, after dark, proceeded to attempt the capture or destruction of the 16-gun Erench store-ship Lamproie, the two armed vessels Victoire and Grondeur, and the armed xebec Norm an de, with seven merchant vessels, which had taken shelter under the for- midable batteries in the bay of Rosas. The boats moved for- ward in perfect order, and, as they approached the harbour, the alarm-gun was fired. This pro- duced a general cheer from the British as they dashed on to their allotted stations. The Lamproie was boarded at all points, and, spite of a very resolute resistance, carried in a few minutes. The Victoire, Grondeur, Normande, and a felucca armed with mus- ketry, shared the same fate ; and this was effected in the face of a heavy fire from the castle of Ro- sas, fort Trinidad, several other batteries, and of repeated volleys of musketry from the troops on the beach. By daylight on the 1st November, every Erench ves- sel of the eleven was either brought out or destroyed. This gallant exploit was not performed without severe loss. Lieut. Dal- housie Tait, and Master’s Mate James Caldwell, ten seamen, and three marines, were killed. Lieuts. John Tailour and John Eorster, Midshipman Dey Richard Syer, and one marine, severely ; Lieuts. Richard Stuart, Hon. J. A. Maude, James Begbie, and Midshipmen H. Brady, John Webster, and John Armstead, 28 seamen, and 5 marines, slightly wounded. Total, 15 killed, 55 wounded. Lieut. Tailour was immediately promoted to the rank of com- mander, and Mr. Syer to the rank of lieutenant. —MtiS&L November 1. 1806. The boats of the 36-gun frigate Pique, Capt. Charles B. H. Ross, under the orders of Lieut. Christopher Bell, cut out of Cabaret bay, Porto Rico, a Spanish brig pierced for 12 guns, after having destroyed a 3-gun battery. No loss was sustained by the British. 1808. Cruiser and Elotilla. — The 18-gun brig Cruiser, act- ing commander Lieut. Thos. Wells, being off the entrance to Gotten- burg, fell in with about 20 sail of armed cutters, luggers, and row-boats, which she attacked, and succeeded in capturing a schuyt mounting ten 4-pounders and 32 men. Lieut. Wells was promoted. — JHctfaL 1811. Attack on Palinuro. — An attack was made upon the harbour of Palinuro by a detach- ment of 250 men of the 62nd regiment, under Major Darby, acting with a party of seamen, under Lieut. Eaton Travers, and the detachment of marines of the Imperieuse and Thames frigates, under Lieut. Pipon ; the whole commanded by Captain Charles Napier, of the Thames. The British, landing at the back of the harbour, immediately ascend- ed and carried the heights, under a heavy fire from the enemy, as- sembled in great force, and who soon after dark made an unsuc- cessful attempt to recover their position. On the morning of the 2nd, Captain Duncan, finding it impossible to dislodge the enemy from a strong tower, recalled Capt. Napier, and as soon as the sea-breeze set in, the two frigates 3Et R 2 612 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 3. ran close inshore, sank two gun- boats, and compelled eight others to surrender ; then, anchoring, opened their fire upon the fort, which in less than fifteen minutes hauled down its colours. The fort was immediately taken pos- session of by Lieut. Travers, the guns of which were thrown into the sea, and the walls and ram- parts blown up. Six gun-boats, 22 laden feluccas, and 20 large spars, were brought off. Lieut. Kay, of the 62nd, and four men were killed ; Lieut. Pipon, of the marines, and two men wounded. 1813. The 16-gun brig Snap, Capt. AY. B. Dashwood, being off St. Valery, fell in with five French luggers. At 9h. a. m., the Snap bore away in chase of the two leewardmost, and after an action of ten minutes captured the Lion of Boulogne, mounting sixteen guns, with a crew of sixty-nine men, four of whom were killed and six wounded. The British did not sustain any loss. November 2. 1757. Capture of Melampe. — The 2 8 -gun frigate Tartar, Capt. Lockhart, cruising in the Channel, gave chase to the Me- lampe privateer, of 700 tons, and mounting twenty-six long 12- pounders and ten 6-pounders, with a crew of 330 men. After a pursuit of thirty hours, and a running fight of three hours, in which the Melampe sustained a loss of twelve men killed and twenty-six wounded, the priva- teer surrendered. The Tartar, had four men killed. The prize was added to the navy under her own name, and long continued a favourite ship as a 36-gun frigate. 1757. Unicorn and Hermione. — The British 9 -pounder 28-gun frigate Unicorn, Capt. Matthew Moore, cruising in the Channel, captured the 12-pounder 38 -gun French frigate Hermione, after an action of five hours. 1758. Antelope and Belli- queux. — The 50-gun ship An- telope, Capt. Thomas Saumarez, captured, off Lundy island, the French 6 4 -gun ship Belliqueux, from Quebec, having on board a great quantity of merchandise. At the same time the Rhinoceros, 36, was captured by the Isis, 50, Capt. Edward Wheeler. 1789. Zephyr and Senegal. — The 14- gun brig Zephyr, Capt. John Inglis, captured, after a gallant action, the French 18 -gun ship Senegal (late British Race- horse), lying with some prizes in the river Gambia. The Senegal sustained a loss of twelve men killed and twenty- two wounded ; and the Zephyr, two killed and four wounded. On the 22nd November, the Senegal, preparing for the homeward voyage, took fire and blew up. Lieut George Crofts, and twenty-two officers and men perished. 1806. Lieut. Philip H. Baker, in the launch of the 36-gun fri- gate Pique, drove on shore, upon the reef of Cape Roxo, West In- dies, a French felucca-rigged pri- vateer, mounting two guns and four swivels, with a crew of twenty-six men. The felucca was completely wrecked. November 3. 1757. On 3rd November, the 50-gun ship Antelope, Captain Thomas Saumarez, cruising in the Channel, captured the French 22-gun privateer Moras, having a crew of 285 men. The Antelope, had two men killed and sixteen wounded. 1762. Capture of Marigny. — The 26-gun frigate Terpsi- KTovember 3, NAVY 613 chore, Captain the Hon. John Ruthven, cruising off the Trench coast, captured the Trench letter- of-marque Marquis de Marigny, after an action of 15 minutes, in which she had 9 men killed and 1 8 wounded. Terpsichore, 5 killed, Captain Ruthven and fifteen wounded. 1778. Maidstone and Lion. — The 9 -pounder 28-gun frigate Maidstone, Capt. Alan Gardner, cruising off the Chesapeake, dis- covered and chased the Trench 12-pounder 36-gun frigate Lion. At 3h. 30m. a.m., she succeeded in getting close alongside, and an action was maintained with great spirit for upwards of an hour, when the Maidstone had received so much injury to her sails and rigging as to be compelled to heave to, to repair damages. At noon on the 4th, Capt. Gardner again brought the enemy to ac- tion, and at lh. p.m. compelled her to surrender. Out of a crew of 216, she had 8 men killed and 18 wounded. On board the Maid- stone 4 were killed, Capt. Gardner and 8 men wounded. 1840. Bombardment of Acre. ■ — On 2nd November, a squadron under Adm. Stopford, consisting of Princess Charlotte, 104, Power- ful, 84, Bellerophon, 78, Thun- derer, 84, Revenge, 74, Edinburgh, 72, Benbow, 72, Pique, 36, Castor, 36, Carysfort, 26, Hazard and Talbot sloops: steamers Gorgon, Phoenix, Stromboli; Austrian fri- gates, Medea, Guerriera and Ve- suvius, also a Turkish 74-gun ship bearing a rear-admiral’s flag, ar- rived in the bay of Acre. On the sea batteries 147 guns were mount- ed, besides five 13-inch mortars; and the place had ammunition in abundance. On the 3rd, at lh. p. m., the sea-breeze having set in, the ships bore up for their respective stations, the admiral being on board the Phoenix, in order the better to observe the pro- ceedings. The Powerful, closely followed by Princess Charlotte, Thunderer, and Bellerophon, stood to the northward, and then steered for the batteries. At 2h. 17m., just as Commodore Napier’s di- vision had anchored and opened fire upon the western line of bat- teries, the Castor and Talbot, gallantly leading the division (consisting of Edinburgh, Benbow, Cary s fort, Hazard, and Wasp), appointed to act against the southern face, dropped anchor in less than four fathoms water, within about 700 yards of the fort, and opened a spirited fire. The remaining ships took up po- sitions as most convenient, whilst the Turkish admiral anchored to the eastward, and the Austrian ships to the westward. At 2h. 30m. p.m., when the action be- came genera], the Revenge, which had been ordered to keep under way, anchored by signal ahead of the Powerful, and the Pique brought up to the northward of the whole. The cannonade con- tinued until 4h. p.m., when the whole fortress was illumined by an instant blaze of light, — the principal magazine, containing some thousand barrels of powder, had exploded. The firing, which had for a second been stayed, was succeeded by a loud cheer, which resounded from ship to ship. The action continued until near sun- set, when the admiral made the signal to discontinue the bom- bardment. It would be impos- sible to describe the devastating effects of the British fire combined with the explosion. Embrasures were beaten into one, and the pa- rapets, throughout, so much da- maged as to be nearly useless. Total British loss, 12 killed, 32 wounded; Austrian, 2 killed and 6 R R 3 614 CALENDAE OF VICTOKY. November 4* wounded; Turkish, 4 killed and 3 wounded. November 1805. Strachan’s Action. — The 36 -gun frigate Phoenix, Capt. T. Baker, off Cape Finisterre on 2nd November, being chased by the French squadron under Bear- Admiral Dumanoir, consisting of the 80-gun ship Formidable, Mont Blanc, Scipion, and Duguav Trouin, 74 guns, which had es- caped from the battle of Tra- falgar, shaped her course to- wards a British squadron, under Captain Sir Bichard Strachan, cruising off Ferrol. At llh. p.m., Sir Bichard, apprised of the ene- my being near at hand, bore away in the Cassar, 80, under all sail, fol- lowed, at no great distance, by the Hero, Courageux, 74s, and iEolus, 32 : and in a short time the light of the moon discovered to them the enemy in the ENE., under a press of canvass. At 9h. a.m. on the 3rd, the French ships were again seen, and immediately pursued by the British squadron under all sail. At daylight on the 4th, the enemy were not more than six miles distant, and at 5h. 45m. a.m. the Santa Margarita, 36, commenced firing her foremost starboard guns at the Scipion, who soon afterwards returned the fire with effect. At 9h. 30m., the Phoenix arrived up, and opened her larboard guns upon the Sci- pion’s starboard quarter. In this way the two frigates continued to harass the French rear. Mean- while, the Ctesar, Hero, and Courageux were rapidly advanc- ing in line ahead. At llh. 50m., the French ships, by signal, shortened sail, and hauled to the wind of the larboard tack, in the following order Duguay Trouin, F rmidable, Mont Blanc, Scipion. It was about 15 minutes past noon when the Caesar opened her larboard guns upon the Formid- able, then, as well as her three companions, under topsails and topgallant-sails, with the wind a point abaft the starboard beam. Within a few minutes, the Hero and Courageux, in quick succes- sion, discharged their broadsides into the Mont Blanc and Scipion, and a spirited action ensued. At about lh. p.M.,the Duguay Trouin, luffing up to rake the Caesar, went in stays, and having come round on the larboard tack, passed under the lee, successively, of the Caesar and Hero, receiving from each of them a destructive fire. The French admiral, in order to sup- port the Duguay Trouin, tacked, and was followed in this ma- noeuvre by the two ships in his wake; but the Formidable was so slow in getting round, that she did not regain her station ; con- sequently, the line was thus formed on the larboard tack : — Duguay Trouin, Mont Blanc, Formidable, Scipion. The British ships god round in pursuit, as soon as the disabled state of their rigging would admit. The Namur, 74, had now arrived up, and her signal was made to attack the enemy’s van, and, at the same time, to the Hero, to lead on the larboard tack. The squadron then edged away, and, at 2h. p.m. the Hero opened her starboard guns upon the Scipion. Having brought down her mainmast, she dropped astern and became engaged by the Courageux to windward, and by theBevolutionnaire, 38, to leeward. The Hero then advanced upon the weather beam of the Formi- dable until she gained a position on the French ship’s larboard bow. At 2h. 45m. p. m., the Namur having placed herself abreast of the Formidable, the November 5, NAVY. 615 Hero pushed on for the Mont Blanc. At 3h. 5m. p.m., the Caesar was about to renew her fire on the Formidable, when that ship, hav- ing had her mizen-topmast shot away, being otherwise much cut up, and having lost 200. men in killed and wounded, struck her colours, and was taken possession of by the Namur. At 3h. 10m., just as the Duguay Trouin and Mont Blanc had bore up to form a line ahead of the Scipion, the latter ship having had her fore- topmast, main and mizen masts shot away, and having lost 200 in killed and wounded, struck her colours. The Duguay Trouin and Mont Blanc now endeavoured to make off, but they were soon brought to close action by the Hero and Caesar. After a de- fence of about 20 minutes, both the French ships, being reduced to a shattered state, one with the loss of 150, and the other 180 in killed and wounded, at about 3h. 35m. p.m. hauled down their co- lours. The total British loss amounted to 24 killed and 111 wounded. That of the French squadron, above 700 killed and wounded. — JHsXfaL November 5. 1803. On the evening of the 4th, Lieut. Edward Nicolls, of the marines, with 12 men in the cutter of the 36-gun frigate Blanche, proceeded to the attack of the French cutter Albion, mounting two 4-pounders, 6 swivels, with 43 men, lying close under the guns of Monte Christi, St. Domingo. At 3h. 30m. a.m. on the 5th, having arrived within pistol-shot, the cutter hailed. Re- plying to the hail with three hearty cheers, the British dashed alongside, under a sharp fire of musketry, which wounded three men. After a short resistance, in which their captain was killed and five men wounded, the Al- bion surrendered. Lieut. Nicolls was severely wounded by a mus- ket-ball, which passed round the belly and lodged in his right arm. Hitherto not a shot had been discharged from the bat- teries, and, in order to keep up the delusion that the victory was undecided, Lieut. Nicolls directed the marines to load and fire as fast as possible, while the seamen were busily engaged in getting the cutter under way. The ves- sel was nearly under sail, when the barge came alongside, and Lieutenant Lake took command. The marines having discontinued firing, the battery immediately opened, by which two of the Blanche’s crew were killed. For- tunately, the breeze freshened off the land, and the cutter was brought out without further loss. On the same morning, the launch of the Blanche, with twenty-eight men, under the command of Mas- ter’s Mate John Smith, attacked a French schooner, mounting one long 8-pounder, and having a crew of thirty men, as she was coming out of the Caracol pas- sage, and, after an obstinate re- sistance, carried her, after she had sustained the loss of one man killed and five wounded. The launch had one man killed and two wounded. Mr. Smith having been promoted for this exploit, the naval medal has been granted to the survivors of his boat’s crew ; but no such mark of distinction has been conferred on Lieut. Nicolls and his gallant followers for the capture of the Albion. 1813. Skirmish off Toulon. — A partial engagement took place off Cape Sepet, between r r 4 616 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. November a. the squadron under Vice-Admi- ral Sir Edward Pellew and the French fleet of 13 sail of the line, under Comte Emeriau. A change of wind at noon having separated 5 ships of the line and 4 frigates from the main body of the fleet of 13 sail, under Comte Emeriau, off Sepet, a gallant, though unsuccessful, attempt was made to cut them off. The Cale- donia, 120, bearing Sir Edward Pellew’s flag, received several shot in her hull, and had three men wounded; and the San Josef, 110, hearing the flag of Rear- Admiral Sir Richard King, had four wounded, including Lieut, of Marines William Clarke, and Midshipman William Cappage, each of whom lost a leg by the same shot. The Boyne, 98, and Scipion, 74, Captains George Burlton and Henry Heathcote, had each one man wounded ; the Pembroke, 74, Capt. James Bris- bane, three men, and Pompee, 74, two men wounded. The French squadron was much cut up in sails and rigging, and had seventeen men wounded. November 6. 1807. In the night of the 6th November, the boats of the 36- gun frigate Renommee, Capt. Sir Thomas Livingstone, and 18-gun brig Grasshopper, Capt. Thomas Searle, cruising off Carthagena, were sent, under the orders of Lieut. Wm. Webster, to cut out some vessels lying at anchor under the Tower of Estacio. The boats gained possession of a Spanish brig and a French tartan, each mounting six guns ; but the cur- rent being strong, with only a light air of wind, both vessels ran aground. As there were a number of women and children on board, Lieut. Webster, from motives of humanity, did not destroy the prizes, and they were abandoned. Mr. Thomas Bustin, purser of the Grasshopper, and one seaman, were wounded. .'November 7. 1803. Midshipman Edward Henry A’Court, in a cutter of the 36-gun frigate Blanche, cruis- ing off St. Domingo, was sent with seven seamen and marines to obtain sand for the use of the ship. In the evening the boat fell in with a schooner lying nearly becalmed, and, apprehen- sive that the stranger was a pri- vateer, kept cautiously in her wake. As they got under the vessel’s stern a discharge of mus- ketry mortally wounded one, and severely another, of the boat’s crew. Mr. A’Court, nevertheless, gallantly pulled up alongside, and, with his five remaining men, boarded and carried the schooner, although she had among her pas- sengers a French colonel and thirty soldiers. November 8. 1709. The Defiance, 50, Capt. John Evans, and Centurion, 50, Capt. J ames Mighells, fell in with two French ships, of equal force, off Malaga. After an action, which lasted from 8h. a. m. until noon, the enemy made sail away; and, although pursued by their opponents, effected their escape. They arrived at Malaga in a shattered state, with the loss of 100 men. The Defiance had 25 men killed and 60 wounded, in- cluding among the latter Cap- tain Evans ; the Centurion had twenty-one, including Lieutenant Thomas, and the chaplain, the Rev. Robert Williams, killed, and forty men wounded. November 9. NAVY. 617 1810. The boats of Quebec, 32, under Lieut. Stephen Popham, hoarded and carried the French schooner-privateer Jeune Louise, of 14 guns and 35 men, at anchor within the Vlie stroom, in the Texel. Previous to the attack, the boats unfortunately grounded on the sand within pistol-shot of the schooner ; and, in that si- tuation, received some broadsides and musketry. The British loss amounted to two men killed and one wounded. Besides the French captain, who fell in personal con- flict with Lieutenant Yates, the schooner had one man killed and one wounded. 1813. At 8h. 30m. p. m., the boats of the 74-gun ship Revenge, Capt. Sir John Gore, under the orders of Lieut. William Richards, were sent into the harbour of Palamos to cut out a French felucca-privateer. At 1 lh. p. m., Lieut. Richards and his party boarded and carried the felucca, without having a man hurt ; and by lh. a. m. on the 9th, the prize was alongside the Revenge. STovember 9. 1813. Port Nouvelle. — The boats of the 3 8 -gun frigate Un- daunted, Capt. Thomas Ussher, commanded by Lieut. Thomas Hastings, assisted by Lieut, of Marines Harry Hunt, and the boats of the 18 -gun brig Guada- loupe, under Lieut. George Hurst, landed at Port Nouvelle, and stormed the batteries in a very gallant manner. Two vessels were captured and five destroyed ; and this service was achieved without any loss to the British. tWovember 10 . 1808. Amethyst and Thetis. — The 3 6 -gun frigate Amethyst, Captain Michael Seymour, was standing in towards the isle of Groix, with the wind at ENE., when at 7h. p.m. a sail was ob- served astern, running to the westward. The Amethyst im- mediately went in chase, and at 9h. p. m. got within a quarter of a mile of the French 40-gun frigate Thetis, Capt. T. Pinsun, bound to Martinique, with troops and 1000 barrels of flour. At 9h. 15m., the Thetis, then going nine knots, luffed to, on the star- board tack, to rake her opponent. This the Amethyst avoided, and, passing just clear of the French ship’s starboard quarter, shot up in the wind, right abreast of her to windward. In this way, a close and furious action was maintained by the two frigates as they fell round off and stood to the westward. At 9h. 40m., the Thetis attempted to cross her opponent’s stern, but not having room, run her jib-boom between the Amethyst’s main and mizen rigging. In a few minutes the ships separated, and again bore up, warmly engaging. At lOh. 5m. p.m. , the Amethyst, crossing her opponent’s hawse, placed her- self a little before her starboard beam. At lOh. 20m., the mizen- mast of the Amethyst came down, and, falling in-board, encumbered the whole quarter-deck. Within a few minutes, the mizen-mast of the French frigate fell over the side. At llh. p.m., the Thetis ran the Amethyst on board, and the ships meeting at the bows, dropped alongside. In this way the action continued until about 20 minutes past midnight, when the fire of the Thetis being com- pletely silenced, the Amethyst 618 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 12, boarded and carried her. Shortly after the ships got clear, the fore and main-masts of the French frigate went over the side. About lh. 15m. a.m. on the 11th, the Triumph, 74, came up under a press of sail ; and in another quarter of an hour, the 38-gun frigate Shannon joined, from the westward, and took the prize in tow. Out of a crew of 261 men and boys, the Amethyst had her second lieutenant of marines (Bernard Kendall) and 18 men killed, and 49 wounded. The Thetis, of a crew of 436 men and boys, had her captain and 134 men killed, and 102 wounded. Lieut. G. Blenerhasset was pro- moted to the rank of commander. — i&ctfal. 1811. Defeat of French Flotilla. — The 1 6 - gun brig Skylark, Captain James Boxer, and 12 -gun brig Locust, Lieut. John Gedge, gave chase to twelve French gun-vessels, one of which was driven on shore near Calais, and one, mounting four 24-pound- ers and sixty men, captured, immediately under the enemy’s batteries. Lieut. Gedge was pro- moted. — iHetfal. 1841. Reduction of Ching- hae. — On the evening of 9th Nov., the British fleet anchored off Chinghae, and at an early hour on the 10th the troops under Major-General Gough moved to the points of debarkation. The Wellesley, 24, was towed to an excellent position, and anchored within 1300 yards from the citadel and town wall. The Blenheim, 74, also anchored, whilst the Blonde frigate and Modeste sloop took their stations under sail. The troops carried all before them. From 1200 to 1500 of the enemy were driven down the heights into the river, and many were drowned, and 500 taken prisoners. The right column, consisting of the seamen, a de- tachment of royal artillery, and 50 sappers, with the battalion of marines under Capt. Ellis, and the whole commanded by Capt. Herbert, of the Blenheim, landed at llh. 15m. a.m. In a short time, the Union Jack was dis- played on the Joss-house walls. Thus, the city of Chinghae, and the several fortifications on the right bank of the river, fell into the possession of the British. November 11. 1780. Capture of Santa Margaritta. — The Spanish 34- gun frigate Santa Margaritta was captured off* Cape Finisterre by the 28 -gun ship Tartar, Capt. A. Grasme, belonging to the squadron of Commodore George Johnstone, after a short defence, and loss of one man killed and three wound- ed. The Tartar sustained no loss. November 12. 1806. Boats of Galatea. — In the morning, the Galatea, 36, Capt. Sayer, cruising off the is- land of Guadaloupe, gave chase to a suspicious looking schooner in the north-west. After a few hours’ pursuit, and when getting near to the schooner, it fell calm. The boats were immediately des- patched under the orders of Lieuts Gittins and Walker, and just as they had arrived near enough to return the fire of musketry, and were on the point of laying her on board, the schooner hauled down the French colours. She proved to be the Reunion, a fine copper- bottomed vessel of 10 guns, from La Guayra, bound to Martinique. No loss was sustained by the boats. Uovemtoer 13. NAVY. 619 1854. Martello Tower de- stroyed. — In the forenoon of Sunday, 12th November, the steam frigate Tribune, Capt. Carnegie, with Highflyer and Lynx, whilst standing in towards the coast of Circassia, about ten miles to the NW. of Anapa, were fired at by a martello tower, mounting two guns. The ships having anchored at a distance of 500 yards from the beach, opened a fire, which soon compelled the enemy to abandon the place. A party of seamen and marines were imme- diately landed, and completed the destruction of the tower. Capt. Moore, of the Highflyer, and Lieut. Smithett, of the Tribune, wounded by the explosion, was the only loss sustained by the British. November 13. 1800. Milbrook and Bel- lone. — Early in the morning, the Milbrook schooner, mounting 16 carronades, 18 -pounders, on the non-recoil principle, Lieut. Mat- thew Smith, lying becalmed off Oporto, with two brigs under his convoy, discovered a ship, appa- rently a frigate. The Milbrook immediately swept towards the stranger, and at 8h. a.m. received a broadside from the French pri- vateer Bellone, of Bordeaux, mounting 24 long 8-pounders, and six brass 36-pounder car- ronades. Before the enemy could bring her second broadside to bear, the Milbrook had fired three broadsides; and by the time the ship had discharged her third, the schooner had fired her guns eleven times. At about lOh. a.m., the ship’s colours came down. Not having a rope left wherewith to hoist out a boat, one was launched over the gunwale; but she was so pierced with shot, that she soon filled with water. At this time the Milbrook lay quite unmanageable; ten of her guns disabled, and her sweeps cut to pieces. A light air spring- ing up, the Bellone crowded all sail, and sought safety in flight. Out of a crew of 47 men, the Milbrook had nine severely, and three slightly wounded. The Bellone put into Vigo, when it was ascertained that her loss amounted to 20 killed, her cap- tain and 45 wounded, out of a crew of 250 men. 1809. The town of Bas-al- Khyma, in the Persian Gulf, hav- ing been for some time a nest for numerous desperate pirates, a squadron, consisting of Chiflone, 36, Capt. John Wainwright, Caro- line, 36, Capt. Charles Gordon, and H. E. I. Company’s cruisers Mornington, Aurora, Nautilus, Prince of Wales, Fury, and Ariel, conveying a body of troops un- der Lieut. -Col. Smith, proceeded thither; and on 13th November burnt the town and above fifty vessels. The squadron next visited Linga, where twenty large pira- tical vessels were destroyed; and on the 27th, eleven vessels of the same character at the town of Luft, and the sea defences of both places levelled with the ground. The pirates made a desperate defence at both places, and the loss of the British amounted to five killed and thirty-four wounded. BTovemtoer 14. 1755. A squadron under Ad- miral the Hon. J ohn Byng, cruis- ing in the Channel, captured the French 74-gun ship Esperance ; which being greatly damaged, and bad weather coming on, was set on fire and destroyed. 1803. Capture or IIarmonie. — A detachment of seamen and 620 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 16, marines, numbering 134 men, under Capt. William Ferris, of the 14-gun brig Drake, with Lieuts. Thomas Cole and Thomas Furber, of the 74 -gun ship Blen- heim, and Captain of Marines Thomas Graves, and Lieuts. Wal- ter S. Boyd and George Beatty, accompanied by the Swift cutter, proceeded off Marine Harbour, Martinique, to attack the French schooner Harmonie, at anchor in the port. The marines landed, surprised the fort, taking fifteen prisoners ; and, having dismounted and spiked the guns, blew up the magazine. The boats attacked the schooner under a sharp fire; but she was gallantly boarded, and in a few minutes carried. The Harmonie mounted eight guns, and, out of a crew of sixty- six men, had two killed and four- teen wounded. The British loss amounted to one man killed and five wounded. 1808. Capture of Colibri. — At 8h. 30m. a.m., the 64-gun ship Polyphemus, Capt. William Pryce Cumby, cruising off the city of San Domingo, despatched her boats in chase of the French national schooner Colibri, of three carriage guns and 63 men, which was attempting to enter the roads. At 9h. 20m., Lieut. Joseph Daly, assisted by Lieut, of Marines James Irvine Willes, in the face of a heavy fire of grape and mus- ketry, boarded and carried the schooner. In accomplishing this gallant service, the British had one marine killed; and the enemy, in defending their vessel, had one man killed and five wounded. November 15. 1799. Capture of Galgo. — The 36-gun frigate Crescent and 16 -gun sloop Calypso, off Porto Rico, when in charge of a convoy bound to Jamaica, fell in with the Spanish 64-gun ship Asia, 40-gun frigate Amfitrite, and 16- gun ship-corvette Galgo. Order- ing the convoy to disperse, the Crescent hauled her wind and carried off the Galgo, without any resistance on the part of the corvette. 1808. Gallant Defence of Fort Trinidad. — At 8h. a.m., a resolute but unsuccessful assault was made upon Fort Trinidad, one of the defences of Rosas, by a body of 200 French troops, with a reserve of 2000 men. The garrison of the fort at this time consisted of 25 marines, un- der Lieut. Thomas How, and the same number of Spaniards. In a second assault the enemy came on with equal determination; but not a shot was fired from the fort, until the outer gate was forced; and then such a steady and well- directed fire of musketry and hand-grenades was opened upon them by the marines, that they were again compelled to retreat, leaving their leader, a chef-de- brigade, and several officers and men dead under the walls. Ex- pecting a third assault, Capt. West, of the Excellent, 74, by the means of a rope ladder, threw in a reinforcement, consisting of Captain James Nicholson, with Lieut. George Pattoun and 30 rank and file ; and although the party had bravely entered the fort under an incessant fire of mus- ketry from the besiegers, only one was slightly wounded. November 16. 1703. The French 52 -gun ship Hazardous, Capt. De la Rue, after a gallant defence, was captured by the Orford, Warspite, and Litchfield, belonging to the fleet of Sir Cloudesley Shovel. November 17. NAVY. 621 1810 . Phipps and Barbies de Seville. — The 14-gun brig-sloop Phipps, Capt. Christopher Bell, being off Calais at 5h. a.m., dis- covered and chased the Prench lugger Barbier de Seville, mount- ing 16 guns, with a crew of 60 men. Por a quarter of an hour the lugger maintained a sharp fire of musketry, and appeared determined to run on shore. As the only means of frustrating this design, especially as the brig was already in three and a half fathoms water, the Phipps ran the lugger alongside, and dis- charged her guns with destructive effect. Under cover of the smoke, Lieut. Robert Tryon, assisted by Master’s Mate Patrick Wright, and Mr. Peter Geddes, the boat- swain, at the head of a party of seamen, sprang upon her decks, and in a few minutes carried the privateer, with a loss of six of her men killed and eleven wounded. Of the British, one seaman was killed, and Lieut. Tryon mortally wounded. November 17. 1800. Destruction of Reo- laise. — The boats of the 74-gun ship Captain, Magicienne frigate, and Nile lugger, under the orders of Lieut. William Hennah, as- sisted by Lieuts. Charles Clyde, Richard William Clarke, George Skottowe, and the Hon. Edward Rodney, were despatched to at- tempt the destruction of the Prench corvette Reolaise, lying in the harbour of Port Navalo, in the Morbihan. The enterprise was conducted with great judg- ment and gallantry ; and notwith- standing a heavy fire from the shore on all sides, the Reolaise was boarded and destroyed. The British had one man killed and seven wounded. November IS. 1693. Bombardment of St. Malo. — Early in November, Commodore John Benbow, with twelve ships of the line, 4 bomb- vessels, ten brigantines, and se- veral smaller vessels, proceeded to the Prench coast with the in- tention of bombarding St. Malo. On the 16th, in the afternoon, the fleet anchored at the entrance of the harbour, near the unfinished work of Quince fort, situated on the Conchal island; and, when the tide permitted, three mortar- vessels and brigantines took po- sitions to bombard the town. The cannonade was repeated for se- veral days, the vessels withdraw- ing at the falling of the tide. On the 18th, a party landed on the island of Sezelmere, and destroyed a convent ; and on the following day an extraordinary description of fire-ship was towed in. In the lower part of this vessel were placed 100 barrels of powder, covered with combustibles ; over these, a row of thick planks with holes to communicate the fire from above, and upon them were placed 340 carcasses filled with grenades and various other de- structive missiles. It was in- tended to have placed this engine of destruction near the wail of the town ; but it grounded on a rock at some distance; never- theless the explosion shook the whole city, blew down a part of the town wall, and damaged every house in the place. This, with the demolition of Quince fort and making eighty prisoners, was the extent of the injury sustained by the Prench. ESFovemtoer 19. 1779. In the evening, the Hussar, 28, Captain Elliot Salter, being in company with the Chat- 622 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November ZQ , ham, 50, convoy to the home- ward-bound trade from Lisbon, gave chase to a large ship, which proving to be a two-decker, the Hussar kept close to her until daylight, when the stranger hoist- ed Spanish colours and com- menced firing. After the action had lasted forty-five minutes, she hauled down her colours, and proved to be the Nostra Senora del Bueno Consejo, of eleven hun- dred tons, pierced for 64 guns, but mounting only twenty- six 12- pounders, with a crew of 120 men, of whom 27 were killed and eight -wounded. The Hussar had four killed and ten wounded. ETovember 20. 1759. French Fleet defeat- ed. — The Channel fleet, of 23 sail of the line and 11 frigates, under Adm. Sir Edward Hawke, put to sea from Torbay on 14th November, and on the same day Adm. Conflans, with 20 ships of the line and six frigates, sailed from Brest. On the 20th, at 8h. 30m. a. m. , the enemy was dis- covered near Belleisle, standing in for the land, with a fresh gale from the north-west. At 2h. 30m., the advanced ships arrived up with the French rear, and the action became very animated. The Formidable, 80, Rear- Adm. Verger, after nobly defending herself against several ships, and having 200 of her crew killed, surrendered at 4h. p.m. to the Resolution, 74. The Magnanime, 74, Capt. Viscount Howe, be- came closely engaged with the Thesee, 74 ; but the latter being disabled, dropped astern, and was engaged with the Torbay, 74, Capt. Hon. A. Keppel, whilst Lord Howe pushed on in search of a fresh opponent, which he found in the Heros, 74. The Thesee, in endeavouring to fight her lower-deck guns, shipped so much water that she filled and sank. The Superbe, 70, overset in the squall, and also sank. At 5h., the Heros surrendered to the Magnanime, and came to an anchor, but the sea ran too high to take possession of her. Night coming on, Sir Edward Hawke ordered the fleet to anchor, the island of Dumet bearing from the Royal George about east, distant three miles. The admiral’s signal to anchor was not gene- rally understood, consequently many of his ships stood out to sea; and one ship, the Resolution, 74, Capt. Henry Speke, got on shore on the Four reef, and was totally lost. At daylight on the 21st, the Heros was discovered aground, and the dismasted Soleil Royal, 80, cut and run on shore. The Essex also got on shore on the Four, and was wrecked, but her crew were saved. The two French ships were set on fire during the day, and destroyed. The loss of the British, amounting to 50 killed and 250 wounded, was borne by the leading ships of the fleet. 1791. Phcenix and Resolue. — Captain Sir Richard Strachan, off Mangalore, in the 36-gun frigate Phoenix, insisting upon searching two merchant vessels in company with the French 32- gun frigate Resolue, an action took place, and, after engaging twenty-five minutes, the Resolue hauled down her colours, having sustained a loss of twenty-five men killed, her captain (danger- ously) and 40 wounded. The loss on board the Phoenix amount- ed to six killed and eleven wounded. The French captain, refusing to resume the command of his ship, the Resolue, was con- ducted to Mahe roads. 1 AID) RAO RAO- IL HAWKE. OB . 1761, November 21. NAVY. 623 1806. Boats of Success. — The 32-gun frigate Success, Capt. John Ayscough, being off Cum- berland harbour, isle of Cuba, sent her barge and pinnace, under Lieut. William Duke, to attempt the capture of a felucca in Hidden Port. As the boats approached, a fire was opened upon them from a neighbouring hill, where the crew of the felucca had taken post, and the first volley killed Lieut. Duke. After a vain at- tempt to dislodge the privateer’s men from the hill, Lieut. Spence, with the additional loss of seven wounded, including Lieutenant O’Reilly, was unable to do more than to take possession of the abandoned felucca, which proved to be the French privateer Ven- geur, from San Domingo. Dur- ing the same night, while the 32 -gun frigate Orpheus, Captain Thomas Briggs, was cruising in the bay of Campeachy, her barge, commanded by Lieut. George Ballard Vine, boarded and car- ried without loss the Spanish schooner Dolores, mounting one long nine- and two four-pounder guns, and four swivels, with 34 men. This vessel had just been sent out from Campeachy for the express purpose of attacking the frigate’s boats. November 21. 1739. Reduction of Porto Bello. — On the 20th November, a squadron consisting of the fol- lowing ships came in sight of Porto Bello . — Guns. Burford - - - 70 Vice-Admiral Edw. Vernon, Captain Thos. Watson. Hampton Court 70 Com. Chas. Brown, Capt.Digby Dent. Worcester - - 70 Capt. Perry Mayne. Strafford - - 60 „ Thos. Trevor. Princess Louise 60 „ Thos. Water- house. Norwich - - 50 „ Rich. Herbert. On the 21st, the squadron worked up to the harbour, and, at 2h. p.m., the Hampton Court an- chored close under the Lon Castle, mounting 78 guns, with a battery of 22 guns nearly level with the water. The Norwich and Worcester next took up a position, and the united fire of those ships soon silenced the fort. Vice-Adm. Yernon arriving up about this time, and observing the slackness of the enemy’s fire, ordered the boats to assemble near him. The Spaniards now re-opened their fire ; but the Burford adding to the cannon- ade, again compelled them to desist, and the soldiers in the lower battery were driven from their guns by the small-arm men stationed in the ships’ tops. Upon this, the boats commanded by Lieut. Thomas Broderick put off, and in a short space of time the seamen, clambering up the face of the rampart by the aid of each other’s head and shoulders, made themselves masters of the castle, and then advanced towards the town. The Spaniards fled in all directions ; and as rein- forcements arrived from the squa- dron, all appearance of opposition ceased, and a white flag was soon held out from the walls of the town. The castles of Gloria and Jeronimo still held out ; but, after some negotiation, both surrender- ed on the following day. Gloria castle, consisting of two regular bastions towards the bay, mount- ed 92 guns, besides a line of eight guns pointing towards the an- chorage. Above this castle, on a sandy point running into the bay, stood fort St. Jeronimo, a quadrangular redoubt mounting twenty guns. These two castles commanded the anchorage, and, together with the Iron Castle, rendered access to the harbour C24 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 25. most hazardous. The town of Porto Bello, built along the shore in the form of a crescent, stood at the bottom of the bay. The loss of the British was but slight : the Burford and Worcester had each 3 men killed and 5 wounded, and on board the Hampton Court only one man was wounded. By the 6th December, the whole of the formidable fortifications, un- der the direction of Capt. Charles Knowles and Captain Boscawen, were levelled to the ground. November 22. 1799. The 32-gun frigate Sole- bay, Capt. Stephen Poyntz, cruis- ing off St. Domingo, discovered at daybreak a French squadron, consisting of the 12 -pounder 20-gun frigate-built store-ship Egyptienne, 1 8 -gun corvette Eole, 12-gun brig Levrier, and 8-gun schooner Vengeur. At 6h. a.m., the Egyptienne, on ascertaining the force and character of the Solebay, made all sail to escape; but at 2h. p.m. the squadron was lying nearly becalmed, while the Solebay, with a light breeze was enabled to bring the Egyptienne and brig to action, and after a short resistance compelled them to surrender. The Solebay then attacked the other two, which were also captured. The aggre- gate force of this squadron was 58 guns and 481 men, so that the conquest was by no means an insignificant triumph. November 23. 1758. Destruction of Al- cyone. — The 28 -gun frigate Hussar, Capt. John Elliot, and 24-gun ship Dolphin, Capt. Ben- jamin Marlow, gave chase to a large ship. The Hussar closed with the stranger at 8h. p.m., and commenced the action, in which she was shortly joined by the Dolphin. At lOh. p.m., the French ship, being entirely dis- masted, went down with her co- lours flying. The ill-fated vessel was supposed to have been the French 50- gun ship Alcyone, armee en flute. The Hussar was so much damaged that she had not a boat that would swim ; the Dolphin, however, lent assistance, but unfortunately did not succeed in rescuing any of the devoted French crew. 1799. Courier and Guerrier. — The hired armed cutter Courier, Lieut. Thomas Searle, cruising off Flushing, discovered a sail to windward, and after an anxious chase of twelve hours , came up with the French privateer-cutter Guerrier, of fourteen long 4- pounders, and forty-four men, Capt. Felix L’Allemand ; and after an action of fifty minutes compelled her to surrender. Mr. Stephen Marsh, the master of the cutter, was killed early in the action, and two seamen -were wounded. The Guerrier had four killed and six wounded. Lieut. Searle was promoted. — iHeSal. November 24. 1758. The French 36-gun fri- gate Bien Acquis, was captured by the 70 -gun ship Chichester, Capt. S. W. Willett, and 24-gun ship Sheerness, Capt. Thomas Graves. November 25. 1757. The 60-gun ship Au- gusta, Capt. Arthur Forrest, pro- ceeding between the islands of Gonaive and Hispaniola, with a view to cut off a valuable fleet, under convoy of two armed mer- chant-frigates, stood inshore, un- November 26, NAVY. 625 ' der Dutch colours. At lOh. p.m., two ships were seen, and one having fired a gun, the other made sail for Leogane bay. The Augusta now closed with the ! strange ship, and, throwing off all disguise by opening her lower- deck ports, cautioned the captain, on pain of being sunk, not to give any alarm. The ship submitted without opposition, and Captain, Forrest having put a lieutenant and thirty-five men into the prize, with directions for her to stand into Petit Guave, to intercept any ships making for that port, the Augusta made sail after the con- voy, and by dawn of day was in the midst of them, firing at all in turn. The Trench ships returned an ineffectual fire; and three of the largest, having surrendered, were employed to pursue the re- mainder. Only one small snow escaped; and thus, by the able measures adopted, this valuable convoy, consisting of nine ships, the united tonnage of which amounted to 3070, carrying 112 guns and 415 men, fell into the hands of Capt. Forrest. 1793. Capture of Incon- stante. — At Ih. a.m., the 12- pounder 32-gun frigates Pene- lope and Iphigenia, Capts. B. S. Eowley and Patrick Sinclair, in the bay of Leogane, St. Domingo, chased the French 3 6 -gun frigate Inconstante. At lh. 30m., the Penelope closed with the enemy, and a smart action was main- tained on both sides until the Iphigenia joined in the contest, when the Inconstante struck her colours, having, out of 300 men, had her first lieutenant and six men killed, and her captain and twenty men wounded. On board the Penelope one seaman was killed and seven wounded. The prize was purchased into the navy under her own name. November 26. 1796. Capture of Decius. — The 28-gun frigate Lapwing, Capt. Eobert Barton, being off Anguilla, at noon, brought to action the French 20-gun ship Decius and 6 -gun brig Yaillante, having on board 200 troops. After an hour’s contest, the brig bore away, and in less than twenty minutes the Decius sur- rendered. The Lapwing then pursued the brig, which she drove on shore, and completely de- stroyed. The Lapwing had one man killed and six wounded. The Decius, out of 336 men, in- cluding troops, lost eighty killed and forty wounded. On the fol- lowing day, the Lapwing being pursued by French frigates Thetis and Pensee, Capt. Barton set the prize on fire. — 1813. Capture of Charle- magne. — The 74-gun ship Swift- sure, Capt. Edward S. Dickson, being off Cape Eousse, Corsica, despatched her boats, under com- mand of Lieut. William Smith, (4.), in pursuit of the French pri- vateer schooner Charlemagne, of 8 guns and 93 men. The schooner was boarded in face of a heavy fire, and after a sharp struggle carried; though not without a heavy loss. Midshipman Joseph Douglas and four men were killed ; Lieuts. E. H. Fuller and John Harvey (the latter mor- tally), Lieut, of Marines J. E. Thompson, Midshipman J. Field, and eleven seamen wounded. November 27. 1710. The 40-gun ship Win Chester, Capt. Eobert Hughes, chased a large privateer belong- ing to Flushing. At 8h. p.m., arriving within hail, she opened her fire ; and after a short action, in 626 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. November 29, which the Dutch captain was killed, the crew of the privateer called for quarter. 1811. The 74-gun ship Eagle, Capt. Charles Rowley, cruising in the Adriatic, chased the 40-gun frigate Uranie,Corceyere en flute , and brig Scemplone, from Trieste, hound to Corfu. At 7h. 30m. p.m., the Corceyere, having lost her main-topmast, surrendered. The Uranie and the brig escaped. November 28. 1808. Boats of Heureux, at Mahaut. — On the 28th No- vember, the 16 -gun brig Heu- reux, Captain William Coombe, was cruising off the north side of Guadaloupe, when information was received of seven vessels being in the harbour of Mahaut. In the evening three boats pushed off from the brig, led by Captain Coombe, and, after rowing six hours, lay upon their oars to wait the setting of the moon. At 4h. a.m. on the 29th, they pushed forward, and after a few minutes of desperate fighting, Captain Coombe, with 19 men, boarded and carried a schooner of 2 guns, with a crew of 39 men. In the meanwhile, Lieut. Daniel Laurence, assisted by Mr. Robert Daly, the purser, with the re- mainder of the attacking party, amounting to 44 officers and men, had landed and spiked the two 2 4 -pounders upon the near- est battery. They then boarded a brig; but before either of the captured vessels could be got off, the shore was lined with mus- ketry, and three field-pieces were brought to bear upon the brigand schooner. In their way out, these vessels unfortunately grounded, and thus became fixed objects for the enemy’s fire, which was pre- sently increased by the 24-pound- er in the other battery. Finding it impossible to get the vessels afloat, and daylight appearing, Capt. Coombe was in the act of giving orders to abandon them, when a 24-pound shot struck him in the left side, and he instantly expired, exclaiming, “ I die con- tented — I die for my country ! ” Lieutenant Laurence, who was wounded by a musket-ball in the arm, succeeded, by 6h. a.m., in getting the three boals beyond the reach of shot, without sustain- ing any further loss. — iHcUaL November 29. 1652. In the morning, Adm. Blake was lying in the Dover roads with 40 ships, when the Dutch fleet of 80 large ships, and small vessels, numbering altoge- ther 92, under Van Tromp, were discovered lying two leagues to leeward. Blake immediately got under way to meet the enemy, who had also weighed anchor. The fleets met off the Ness, and an obstinate battle ensued. The Garland and Bonaventure frigates were captured; and the English fleet being much cut up in main- taining a fight against a force so superior, returned to Dover roads. In consequence of this success. Van Tromp hoisted a broom at his mast-head, intimating his de- termination to sweep the narrow seas of the English. 1805. On the 28th Nov., the 16- gun ship-sloop Serpent, Captain John Waller, cruising in the bay of Honduras, observed two suspi- cious vessels ; and believing them bound to Truxillo, the Serpent pro- ceeded thither, and on the 29th she regained sight of them entering the bay. Two boats were then despatched, in charge of Lieut. Patfull, which, in face of great guns and musketry, boarded, and, November 30. NAVY. 627 without sustaining any loss, car- ried, a Spanish guarda-costa schooner, mounting one long 18- pounder and six smaller guns, with a crew of forty men. 1811. Capture of Pomone and Persanne. — The 38 -gun frigate Alceste, Capt. Murray Maxwell, Active, 38, Capt. James Alexander Gordon, and Unite, 32, Capt. Edwin Henry Cham- berlayne, were off the isle of Augusta, in the Adriatic, at 9h. 20m. a.m., when three sail were discovered, and chased. These were the French 40 -gun frigates Pauline and Pomone, and frigate-built store-ship Persanne, of 26-guns. At about llh. a.m., the Persanne stood away to the north-east, and the Unite was detached in pursuit of her. At 30 minutes past noon, the Unite and Persanne commenced firing their chase-guns ; but it was not until lh. 20m. that the Alceste, then going above nine knots with the wind on the larboard quarter, was enabled to fire with effect at the Pomone. Pressing forward under a crowd of sail to attack the French Com- modore, the Alceste, when abeam of the Pomone, exchanged broad- sides, and a shot from that ship carried away her main-topmast. The Alceste dropped astern ; but the Active, at 2h. p.m., having gained a position on the starboard and lee quarter of the Pomone, brought her to close action. At about 2h. 20m., the Pauline tacked and stood for the weather beam of the Alceste; and those ships became closely engaged until 3h. 5m. p.m. , when the 18-gun brig Kingfisher approaching fast, the French commodore set all sail, and stood to the westward. At about 3h. 40m., just as the Al- ceste was about to open her fire upon the Pomone, the French ship’s main and mizen masts came down by the board, and she immediately surrendered. Nei- ther of the British frigates being in a condition to pursue the Pau- line, the French commodore es- caped. Out of a crew of 218, the Alceste had one midshipman (Charles Nourse) and six seamen killed, one lieutenant (Andrew Wilson) and 12 men wounded. The active lost one midshipman (George Osborne) and 7 men killed; her captain (leg ampu- tated), two lieutenants, William Bateman Dashwood (arm ampu- tated) and George Haye, and 25 men wounded. Out of a crew of 332, the Pomone had 50 killed and wounded, including Capt. Eosamel among the latter. The Unite had only one man wounded, in effecting the capture of the Persanne, which ship had two men killed and four wounded. — JWrtraL November 30. 1803. On this day, the French squadron, with the troops under Gen. Eochambeau, evacuated Cape Francis, St. Domingo and by the terms of the capitula- tion, the ships in that port were to be surrendered to the British squadron as soon as they had quitted the harbour. The 40-gun frigate Surveillante was accord- ingly taken possession of, but the 40 -gun frigate Clorinde ground- ed on the rocks, and, but for the extraordinary exertions and per- severance of Lieut. N. J. Wil- loughby, would have been wreck- ed, and above 800 persons on board her perished. Both prizes were added to the British navy. 1808. Defence of Trinidad. — A division of the French army, amounting to about 5000 men, occupied the heights around the s s 2 628 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 2. bay of Rosas, and had approach- ed close to the town. On the 22nd November, both the fort of Trinidad and the citadel of Rosas were more than half invested, and a breach nearly effected in Trini- dad. The Spanish garrisons were also in such a deplorable condition, that it was considered expedient, on the 23rd, to with- draw the marines. On the 25th, the Imperieuse frigate, Capt. Lord Cochrane, arrived in the bay, where she joined the Lucifer and Meteor bomb-vessels. His lord- ship, finding that the garrison of fort Trinidad, composed of 80 Spaniards, was on the point of surrendering, threw himself into the fort with 50 seamen and 30 marines from the Imperieuse. Lord Cochrane’s active mind soon found resources to place the forti- fications in a state of defence : sand-bags, with barrels and pali- sadoes, supplied the place of walls and ditches, so that the French, when, on the 30th, they assaulted the castle with 1000 picked men, were repulsed with the loss of their commanding officer, their storming equipage, and all who had ventured to mount the breach. This daring and important ser- vice was effected without any loss to the British. The citadel of Rosas having capitulated on the 5th of December, Lord Cochrane considered that further resistance of fort Trinidad was impracti- cable ; he therefore fired the trains for exploding the magazines, and then re-embarked his men. December 1. 1652. Recapture of Phoenix. — The Phoenix frigate, recently captured by the Dutch squadron, under Commodore Bodley, was lying in Leghorn roads, com- manded by Capt. Van Tromp, whose ship had been disabled in the action ; and the crew, thinking themselves perfectly secure from any attempt, spent their time in mirth and jollity. It having been determined by Commodore Ap- pleton to attempt the ship’s re- capture, three boats were prepared, with thirty men in each, who, in addition to their weapons, were severally provided with a bag of meal to throw into the eyes of the Dutchmen. On St. Andrew’s Day, in the evening, the boats, under the command of Captain Owen Cox, proceeded to the attack. Owing to the darkness of the night, one of them parted company, which caused some de- lay ; but having rejoined, the three dashed forward, and at day- light on the 12th December were alongside the frigate. The boats’ crews had each their appointed work : one had to cut the cables, the second to go aloft and loose the sails, while the third closed the hatches and kept the crew in subjection. Tromp, who was below, on hearing the alarm, rushed out of his cabin and dis- charged his pistols at the assail- ants, who were, however, by that time in entire possession of the frigate; so, leaping out of the cabin window, he swam to a ship astern. The Phoenix was carried off in triumph, and reached. Naples in safety. This violation of neutrality caused a remon- strance on the part of the Duke of Tuscany, who ordered the English ships to quit his terri- tories. The English parliament disavowed the act, and recalled Commodore Appleton. December 2. 1793. Antelope and Ata- lante. — The Antelope packet, Capt. Curtis, mounting six 3- December 3. NAVY. 629 pounders, with a crew of 21 men and boys, when off Cumberland harbour, island of Cuba, on 1st December, fell in with two French schooner-privateers of formidable appearance, who gave chase to her as she bore away for Jamaica, One of the strangers, the Atalante, mounting eight 3-pounders, with a crew of 65 men, having out- sailed her consort, continued the chase alone, and at 5h. A. m. on the 2nd, the wind falling light, the privateer took to her sweeps, and rowed up alongside. Having grappled the Antelope on the starboard side, she attempted to carry her by boarding. The as- sailants were driven back with much loss, but Capt. Curtis was unfortunately killed in heading his gallant crew. A French gen- tleman passenger and the steward were also killed, and the first mate badly wounded. Mr. Pas- coe, the boatswain, now took the command, a*nd with the few brave fellows left, nobly supported by the passengers, repulsed several attempts of the enemy to board. At length the privateer endea- voured to cut the grapplings and sheer off, but the boatswain ob- serving this, ran aloft and lashed the schooner’s squaresail - yard to the Antelope’s fore-topmast shrouds. Seeing this, and being assailed with a well-directed fire of musketry, the Frenchman soon called for quarter, and was taken possession of by the Antelope. The Atalante had 20 men killed and 17 wounded. The House of Assembly of Jamaica voted 500 guineas to the crew of the Ante- lope, as a reward for their gallant defence. December 3» 1781. The 40 -gun frigate Artois, Captain John Macbride, cruising in the North Sea, was attacked by two very large schooners (the Mars and Her- cules), each mounting 24 long 9-pounders. After engaging the frigate above thirty minutes, both these vessels were compelled to surrender. The Mars, out of a crew of 145, had nine men killed and 15 wounded; and the Her- cules, out of 164, had 13 killed and 20 wounded. The Artois had one man killed and six wounded. The two prizes be- came cruisers in the British navy, under the names of Pylades and Orestes. 1799. Racoon and Intrepide. — The 18 -gun brig Racoon, Capt. Robert Lloyd, being off Dover, early in the morning discovered the French lugger-privateer In- trepide, mounting 16 guns, with a crew of 60 men, which she immediately chased and captured, after a running fight of 40 mi- nutes ; but not until she had her foremast and bowsprit shot away, and sustained the loss of 13 killed and wounded. On board the Ra- coon, Capt. Lloyd and one sea- man slightly wounded. 1 807. Curieux and Revanche. — The 1 8 -gun brig Curieux, Capt. John Sheriff, at lOh. a. m., being in lat. 14° 48' N., long. 59° 14' W., with the wind north-east, discovered on her lee bow the French 24-gun ship - privateer Revanche. At llh. a. m., the Curieux tacked in chase, and at 2h. p. m., having arrived abreast of the ship to windward, the brig brought her to close action. This continued for an hour, when the Revanche, at 3h. 1 5m. p. m., ran on board the Curieux on her starboard side. In this position the ship kept up a sharp fire, by which Capt. Sheriff and five men were killed, and several wounded. Shortly afterwards, the Curieux 8 S 3 630 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 6. got clear of her opponent, and the Revanche dropped astern ; but presently hauling up, she crossed the brig’s stern, and taking ad- vantage of her disabled state, crowded sail to the north-west. The loss on beard the Curieux amounted to eight killed, in- cluding her captain, and 14 wounded. The Revanche, it is stated, had only two men killed and 13 wounded. 1810 . Reduction of the Isle of France. — The Isle of France capitukited to a British squadron, under the command of Vice- Adm. Bertie, consisting of one ship of 74 guns, 12 frigates, four sloops, and a fleet of transports, containing 10,000 troops under Major- Gen. Abercromby. The capture was effected after some severe skirmishing, and was at- tended with the loss on the part of the British of 28 killed, 94 wounded, and 45 missing. The French force amounted to 1300 regular troops and 10,000 militia. The island was defended by 209 cannon. In Port Louis were captured the 40 -gun frigates Bel- lone, Minerve, Manche, Astree, and Iphigenie, the corvette Victor, and brig Entreprenante ; also the Charlton, Ceylon, and United Kingdom, late English Indiamen, and 24 French mer- chant ships. December 5. 1776. On 5th December, the 24-gun ship Fowey, Capt. George Montagu, being off Cape Ann, after a long chase captured the American brig Washington, mounting ten guns, 6- and 4- pounders, and ten swivels. The Washington was commissioned by Congress, and had a crew of seventy-four men December 6. 1782. Ruby and Solitaire. — The 64-gun ship Ruby, Capt. J ohn Collins, being 40 leagues to windward of Barbadoes, captured the French 64-gun ship Solitaire, commanded by the Chevalier de Borda, after an action of 40 minutes. The Solitaire had her mizen-mast shot away, and her loss amounted to 20 men killed and 35 wounded. The Ruby had only 2 men wounded. Capt. Collins received the honour of knight- hood for his gallant conduct in this action. 1807. Destruction of Dutch Squadron. — Rear-Adm. Sir Ed- ward Pellew, learning that the Dutch ships of war which had escaped from Batavia in the pre- vious year, were lying in the harbour of Griesse, sailed from Malacca on the 20th November, with the Culloden and Powerful, 74s, Caroline and Fox frigates, Victoire and Samarang sloops, and Seaflower and Jasseur, of 14 guns. The squadron arrived off Point Panka on the 5th of De- cember; and the Dutch commo- dore refusing to give up the ships, the Culloden and Powerful, having been lightened, commenced as- cending the river leading to Griesse, cannonading a battery at Sambelangan in passing, and re- ceiving in return a fire which did considerable damage to some of the ships. The navigation of the river was so intricate that the ships grounded several times, and the Culloden was compelled to take out guns and start water; but she remained fast. After dark the admiral proceeded on board the Caroline, which had got several miles ahead of the squadron, and was near the har- bour’s mouth. Next morning the Culloden floated off, and the December 7. NAVY. 631 squadron proceeded, led by the Fox, the Culloden being second and the Caroline third. The Dutch, finding the admiral in ear- nest, entered into a treaty for the surrender of the Dutch shipping. In the meanwhile, however, the two line-of-battle ships Pluto and Revolutie, the sheer hulk, and a 40-gun merchant ship, had been scuttled by order of the commo- dore. On the 11th of December, the work of destruction was com- pleted by setting the ships on fire; and the guns and military stores at Griesse and at Sambe- langan were destroyed. The Fox was much damaged by hot shot, and Lieut. Samuel Allen and se- veral men were wounded. December 7. 1810. Rinaldo and Marau- deur. — After dark, the 10-gun brig-sloop Rinaldo (eight 18- pounder carronades and two long sixes, with a crew of 65 men and boys), Captain James Anderson, while cruising off Dover, with the wind from the westward, discover- ed to windward and immediately chased two armed luggers, stand- ing towards the English coast. One of them, the Maraudeur, of 14 guns (pierced for 18) and 85 men, after a short running fight, endeavoured to cross the bows of the brig, but the Rinaldo frus- trated that manoeuvre by running her jib-boom between the priva- teer’s jib-stay and foremast. As the two vessels dropped alongside of each other, the enemy attempt- ed to board, but were repulsed by the crew of the Rinaldo, who, in turn, boarded from the fore- chains, led by Lieut. Edward Gascoigne Palmer, and soon com- pelled the Frenchman to call for quarter. This promptly de- cided affair cost the Maraudeur her captain and four men wound- ed ; but no one was hurt belong- ing to the Rinaldo. December 8. 1780. While the squadron on the East India station, under Vice Adm. Sir Edward Hughes, was off Mangalore, se veral vessels be- longing to Hyder Ally were ob- served in the roads. There not being sufficient water for the ships, the boats were sent away under cover of two snows belong- ing to the service of the H.E.I. Company, which with great gal- lantry boarded and destroyed the whole, with the exception of one armed brig, which made her escape by throwing overboard her guns and running into the harbour. This service was, how- ever, attended with severe loss ; Lieut. Gosnam, of the Burford, and ten men were killed; and Lieuts. Sam. Sutton, of the Superb, Dunbar M‘Lellar, of the Eagle, and fifty-one men wounded. December 9 , 1798. Invincible Bonaparte, mounting 20 guns, French pri- vateer, captured in the channel by Boadicea, 38, Capt. Keats. 1809. Grand Rodeur, French 16-gun privateer, captured off Beachy head by 10-gun brig Redpole, Capt. McDonald. December 10. 1810. Rosario and Mame- louck. — In the evening, the 10- gun brig, Rosario, Capt. Booty' Harvey, cruising off Dungeness, with the wind blowing hard from the westward, fell in with two large French lugger-privateers. Closing with the nearest, Capt. Harvey ran alongside, when Lieut. S s 4 632 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 11, Thomas Davis, at the head of a party of men, sprang on board, and in a few minutes succeeded in carrying her. The Rosario was at the same time engaged with the other lugger on the star- board side, but she made off on seeing the fate of her companion. The prize was the Mamelouck, of 16 guns, and 45 men, of whom 7 were wounded. The British had 5 men wounded, two of them se- verely. December 11. 1798. Capture of the Armee dTtalie. — At daylight, the 22- gun ship Perdrix, cruising to the eastward of the island of Virgin Gorda, in the West Indies, dis- covered and chased the French privateer ship Armee dTtalie, mounting 18 guns, and, after an anxious chase of sixteen hours, brought her to close action. An animated fire was kept up for forty-two minutes, when the lat- ter, being reduced to an unma- nageable state, struck her colours. Out of a crew of 153 men, the Perdrix escaped with only one wounded, while the loss on board the Armee dTtalie amounted to 6 men killed and 5 wounded, out of a crew of 117. 1799. Destruction of Pre- neuse. — The 74-gun ship Tre- mendous, Capt. John Osborn, and 50-gun ship Adamant, Captain William Hotliam, cruising off Port Louis, Isle of France, chased the French 40 -gun frigate Pre- neuse, and compelled her to run on shore on the west side of the river Tombeau, near some batte- ries. At 3h. p.m., the frigate cut away all her masts, and soon afterwards, in conjunction with the batteries, opened a fire upon the Adamant as she was working up to attack her. At oh. 30m., the Adamant returned the fire, and in a short time afterwards the Preneuse hauled in her ensign from the quarter as a signal of submission. Three boats, under Lieut. Edward Grey, assisted by Lieuts. John Walker and Benja- min Symes, and Lieut, of Marines John Owen, were then despatched to destroy the French frigate. At 8h. p.m., the batteries opened a fire of shot and shell at the boats, and at the Adamant as she was working up towards the object of attack. The Preneuse was, never- theless, gallantly boarded ; and, having taken out her captain (L. Hermite) and the few men re- maining on board, the French frigate was set on fire and de- stroyed. This important service was accomplished without the loss of a man. 1807. Capture of San Josef. — While the 3 6 -gun frigate Re- nommee, Captain Sir Thomas Livingstone, and 18-gun brig Grasshopper, Captain Thomas Searle, Tvere off Cape Palos, chase was given to a brig and two settees. The Grasshopper con- tinuing to beat to windward, lost sight of the frigate at noon, and at 12h. 30m. p.m., opened her fire on the brig. A running fight continued until 2h. 30m., when the enemy, which was the Spanish brig San Josef, of ten 24-pounder carronades and two long sixes, ran on shore near Cape Negrette, and struck her colours. The set- tees, which were the Medora, of 10 guns and 80 men, and the Aigle, of 8 guns and 50 men, on seeing the fate of their con- sort, tacked to the eastward and escaped. The Grasshopper, hav- ing anchored, succeeded in getting her prize afloat, in spite of a smart fire of musketry from the shore ; and only one man was December 12. NAVY. 633 wounded on the part of the British. December 12. 1706. On 12th December, the 50-gun ship Bomney, Captain William Coney, attacked a French privateer, mounting thirty brass guns, at anchor under the forts of Malaga, and, in spite of a heavy fire, brought her out. 1779. Salisbury and San Carlos. — The 50-gun ship Salis- bury, Capt. Charles Inglis, when off Porto de Sail, Honduras bay, fell in with the San Carlos priva- teer, of 50 guns and 397 men. The pursuit lasted all day, and at 6h. 30m. p.m., the action com- menced. At Bh. 30m., the main- mast of the San Carlos was shot away, and being in a defenceless state, with the loss of the greater part of the crew, she surrendered. On board the Salisbury, four men were killed and fourteen wounded. 1782. Mediator and French Squadron. — The 44-gun ship Mediator, Capt. Hon. John Lut- trell, cruising off Ferrol, bore away, at 7h. a.m., in chase of five sail to leeward. This force, con- sisting of the Eugene, a ship of 36 guns, an American brig of 14 guns, the 64-gun ship Menagere, en flute , mounting 30 guns, the Alexander, of 24 guns, and Dau- phina Boyale, of 28 guns, were thus formed in order of battle. After ranging along their line, the Mediator ran down to at- tack the sternmost, but that ship , and the Eugene bore up out of the line. The three remaining ships were to protect their con- sorts, which the Mediator, at llh. a.m., steered to cut off, and hav- ing succeeded in capturing the Alexander, made sail after the retreating ships. The Eugene, at 3h. p. m., hauled her wind, and the Mediator followed the Menagere, which site brought to action at 5h. 30m. p.m. ; but, just at this time, a very heavy squall coming on, the Mediator, from the lowness of her lower- deck ports, was nearly filled with water, and, consequently, com- pelled to put before the wind to clear the ship. At 9h. p.m., the Mediator was again alongside the Menagere, and compelled her to surrender. No loss was sustained on board the British ship ; but the Alexander had six men killed and nine wounded, and the Me- nagere four killed and several wounded. 1809. Capture op Nisus. — The boats of the 38-gun frigate Thetis, 16-gun brig Pultusk, 10- gun brig Achates, gun-brig At- tentive, armed schooner Bacchus, with the whole of the marines, under the orders of Capt. William Elliott, of the Pultusk, proceeded in the evening to attempt the capture of the French 16- gun brig Nisus, lying at anchor under the protection of a fort in the har- bour of Hayes, Guadaloupe. The British, having landed without opposition, proceeded with con- siderable difficulty through a thick wood and over a high hill, until they reached the rear of the fort, which they attacked and carried in the most gallant manner, forc- ing the garrison, amounting to more than 200 men, to retreat. Leaving Lieut. Belcher to dis- mantle the battery, Capt. Elliott, supported by the squadron, but more particularly by the Atten- tive, which entered a narrow har- bour, and maintained for upwards of six hours a close and vigorous cannonade, attacked the corvette, which he very soon boarded and carried. This gallant enterprise was accomplished with the com- paratively slight loss of four men 634 CALENDAR OE VICTORY. December 13, wounded. The Nisus, a brig of 337 tons, was added to the British navy, under the appropriate name of Guadaloupe.— 1810. The Entreprenante cut- ter, mounting eight 4-pounders, and 33 men and boys, Lieut. Peter Williams, was lying be- calmed on the coast of Spain, between Malaga and Almiera bay, when four French lateen- rigged privateers, one of 6 guns, including two long 18-pounders, and 75 men, another of 5 guns and 45 men, and two of 2 guns and 25 men each, weighed and swept towards the cutter. The action, which commenced at llh. a.m., was now maintained with great spirit on both sides within pistol-shot. At noon the crew of the nearest of the two large pri- vateers attempted to board, but were driven back with loss, and a second attempt was equally un- successful. The Entreprenante, with the aid of her sweeps, brought her larboard guns to bear with such effect, as to com- pel three of her antagonists to sheer off ; and, at this moment, a well-directed broadside carried away the foremast and bowsprit of the most formidable of the privateers. A third attempt was now made to carry the cutter, but with no better success than before. The enemy, assisted by their boats, at 2h. 30m. p.m., made off towards the shore. The En- treprenante had one man killed and ten wounded. Z&ecember 13. 1796. Vestale and Terpsi- chore. — On the 12th Dec., at daybreak, the 12-pounder 32-gun frigate Terpsichore, Capt. Richd. Bowen, was about 20 leagues to the westward of Cadiz, when she discovered the French 36-gun frigate Yestale about four miles on her weather quarter. Sail was made in chase, but the wind increased so much that the Terp- sichore sprang her topmasts, and both ships reduced then canvass to the courses only. At 8h. a.m, on the 13th, a shift of wind to the southward brought the Terp- sichore to windward, who imme- diately made all the sail she could in pursuit. At 9h. 30m. p.m., the Yestale hauled up her courses and hove to, awaiting the ap- proach of the British frigate, who having reached a position close upon her weather quarter, at lOh. p.m. a furious action commenced on both sides, which continued until llh. 40m. p.m., when the Yestale, having sustained the loss of her captain (Foucaud) and 27 men killed and 37 wounded, struck her colours. Immediately after her surrender, her mizen- mast fell over the side. The loss of the Terpsichore was four men killed, her second and only lieu- tenant (George Bowen) and 17 wounded, out of a reduced crew of 166,— the other officers and 46 men being away in prizes. Dur- ing the night of the 13th, the crew of the Yestale regained pos- session, and at daylight on the 14th Capt. Bowen had the mor- tification of seeing his nobly- acquired prize steering towards Cadiz, where she arrived in safety. 1806. Halcyon and Neptuno. — At 8h. a.m., the 10-gun brig Halcyon, Capt. Henry Whitmarsh Pearse, when about six leagues to the eastward of Cape San Martin, coast of Spain, observed an armed ship, brig, and xebec standing towards her, and five settees were also seen in the distance. At lOh. 30m. the action commenced, and as soon as the Halcyon ar- rived abreast of the second vessel, she tacked and brought them to December 14- NAVY. 635 close action. At half-past noon, the xebec and brig, assisted by their sweeps and boats, hauled off to the southward. The ship en- deavoured to do the same, but the Halcyon swept after, and in the course of an hour got close along- side, when the Spanish corvette Neptuno, of 14 long 12-pounders and '2 men, struck her colours. Of her 94 men and hoys (the Halcyon was short 16, but had on hoard four very active passen- gers), she had not a man hurt. The brig was the Virgine de Solidad, of 14 long 12- and 8- pounders and 78 men; and the xebec Vives mounted 12 long 8- and 6-pounders, and 65 men. 1808. Capture op Cigne. — On 12th December, an unsuccess- ful attack was made to cut out the French 18-gun brig Cigne, lying under the protection of four batteries, and a considerable number of troops on the beach, with field-pieces, near St. Pierre, Martinique, by the boats of the Circe, under the command of Lieut. Charles Henry Crooke. Although the boats boarded in the most gallant manner, they were beat off with great slaughter. One boat was taken, another sunk, and the third entirely dis- abled ; and out of 68 men, 9 were killed, 21 wounded, and 26 missing. At daylight on the 13th, the French brig got under way, and, aided by her sweeps, stood along shore towards St. Pierre, pursued by the Ama- ranthe, 18-gun brig, Capt. Edwd. Pelham Brenton, having in tow the boats of the Circe frigate and Stork sloop. At lOh. A.M., the Cigne grounded near several bat- teries, to the northward of St. Pierre. The Amaranthe worked in under a heavy fire from the batteries, and the French brig, whilst the Circe and the rest of the squadron engaged the bat- teries to leeward. The well-di- rected fire of the Amaranthe soon obliged the crew of the Cigne to take to the shore, and the boats of the Circe, Amaranthe, and Stork, led by Lieut. James Hay, first of the Amaranthe, boarded and carried the Cigne, in the face of a heavy fire from the batteries and from the troops on the beach. The prize having bilged, was destroyed, as was also a schooner. December 14. 1809. On 14th December, the 36-gun frigate Melampus, Capt. Edward Hawker, cruising off Guadaloupe, after a chase of twenty-eight hours captured the French 16-gun brig Bearnais, after sustaining the loss of one man killed and several wounded. The Melampus had two men wounded. 1814. Capture of American Flotilla. — On 14th December, an attack was made on the Ame- rican flotilla, anchored athwart the narrow channel called Mal- heureux Island passage, on lake Borgne, coast of America, by 42 armed launches, carrying alto- gether 980 seamen and marines, under the orders of Capt. Nicholas Lockyer, assisted by Capts. Henry Montresor and Samuel Roberts. The American force consisted of five gun-boats, mounting each one long 24- or 32-pounder, and from four to six smaller guns. After a pull of 36 miles, a great part of the way against a strong current, the boats, at lOh. 33m. a.m., dashed on towards the flo- tilla, exposed to a destructive fire of round and grape. At about noon, Capt. Lockyer and Lieut. George Pratt, in the barge of the Seahorse, closed with the gun- 636 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 15 boat of the American commo- dore, and, after an obstinate struggle, in which the greater part of the officers and the men in the boat were either killed or wounded, including, among the latter, Captain Lockyer severely, and Lieut. Pratt mortally, suc- ceeded in boarding her. Seconded by another boat of the Seahorse, commanded by Midshipman George Robert White, and by the boats of the Tonnant, under Lieut. James Barnewall Tatnall, the British soon carried the gun- vessel. The boat of Lieutenant Tatnall having been sunk along- side, that officer, getting into an- other, gallantly pushed on to the attack of the remaining four gun- vessels. Upon these the guns of the captured boat were now turned, and in a few minutes, with the assistance of the second and third divisions of boats, the enemy were all secured. The loss of the British amounted to three midshipmen and 14 men killed ; Capt. Nicholas Lockyer, four lieutenants, one lieutenant of marines, three master’s mates, seven midshipmen, and 61 men wounded; total, 17 killed, 77 wounded. The American loss was comparatively trifling, amounting to 6 killed and 35 wounded. — iFUfral. December 15. 1788. Attack on St. Lucie. — The expedition intended for the reduction of the island of St. Lucie sailed from Barbadoes on 13th December, and on the same day a considerable body of troops, under Brigadier-Gens. Meadows and Prescott, landed in different parts of the Grand Cul-de-Sac, while Brigadier- Gen. Sir Henry Caldcr protected the landing- place to keep open a communica- tion between the fleet and army The British had not been long in possession of the island before the Comte d’Estaing made his appearance with twelve ships of the line, having on board 9000 troops. Rear-Admiral Barring- ton ordered the transports to be warped close inshore, and moored his little squadron with so much skill and judgment as to baffle the repeated attacks of the enemy. On the 15th, the Comte d’Estaing made two des- perate attacks upon the British squadron ; but the determined coolness, resolution, and bravery of its commanders, supported by a steady fire from the batteries on shore, compelled the enemy to stand out to sea and relinquish any further attempts. 1824. Defeat of Burmese War-boats. — Thinking it pro- bable that the enemy’s fire-rafts might be destroyed, Capt. Chads despatched Lieut. Kellett up the Panlang branch of the river, in the steam- vessel, with 40 marines and soldiers, and the Prince of Wales, towed by the Diana, accompanied by the pinnaces of the Arachne and Sophie. Arriving early in the morning of the 1 5th December at Pagoda point, they discovered about 200 war-boats, who in retiring kept up a smart fire from the long guns which five of them nffiunted. Finding the Bri- tish advancing rapidly upon them, they drew up in line of battle ; but the little band was not to be daunted by this show of resistance ; and, dashing bold- ly forward, the fire from the boats’ carronades and musketry threw the enemy into confusion. Panic-struck, they flew in all directions, leaving in our posses- sion three of their long war- boats, one mounting three, and the others two guns each. Forty December 17, NAVY. 637 other boats of various descrip- tions were also captured; and this was accomplished without any loss on the part of the Bri- tish. i December 16. 1796. Hirondelle, French 16- gun corvette, captured by Cleo- patra, 32. 1806. Elizabeth, French 14- gun brig-privateer, captured in West Indies by Kingfisher, 14, Capt. Cochrane. December 17. 1809. The 18-gun brig Rosa- mond, Capt. Benjamin Walker, cruising near Guadaloupe, captur- ed, after a short resistance, the French 16-gun brig Papillon. The prize was commissioned under the same name. 1810. Rinaldo and French Buggers. — At 3h. 30m. p.m., the 10-gun brig, Rinaldo, Capt. James Anderson, was standing out from St. Helens, when she perceived in the offing four French luggers. In order to decoy them, Capt. An- derson kept in such a position as to prevent their discovering that she was a vessel of war. The manoeuvre succeeded so well that the four luggers soon afterwards made sail in chase ; and at 5h. p.m. the two largest came up under the brig’s stern, and, discharging a volley of musketry, ordered her to strike. The Rinaldo, heaving in stays, brought a broadside to bear upon each of them, then wearing round, discharged a se- cond broadside into the larger vessel, which brought down her masts and sails, and compelled her to call for quarter. The other lugger ran down upon the bow of the Rinaldo, with an in- tention to board, keeping up, as she advanced, a smart fire of mus- ketry; but on the brig closing with her, she ran within the Ower’s light, lowered her sails, and also called for quarter. At this moment the Rinaldo was carried by the strong ebb-tide on board the Ower’s light- vessel, and became so entangled, that three of the privateers made sail and escaped; but the Vielle Josephine, of 16 guns, was sunk, and only three men out of her crew of 80, were rescued by her consorts. December 18. 1809. Destruction of Seine and Loire. — The French 40-gun frigates en flute , Seine and Loire, which had separated from the Renommee and Clorinde, finding themselves cut off from Basse- terre by a British squadron, on 17th December entered the cove of Anse la Barque, where they anchored head and stern under the protection of a strong battery, on each side of the entrance. The Ringdove, 18, having been struck by a shot from a point to the southward, Capt. Dowers embarked a party in his boats, and at 3h. p.m. landed. Having stormed the battery, spiked the guns, and blow r n up the magazine, he returned to the Ringdove at 4h. p.m., without having sustained any loss. On the 18th, at 8h. a.m., the 74-gun ship Sceptre, Capt. S. J. Ballard, arrived from Martinique. The Blonde and Thetis frigates, Capts. Y. Y. Bal- lard and George Miller, were ordered to enter the bay and en- gage the French ships, whilst the Sceptre and Freja, 36, Capt. John Hayes, cannonaded the batteries, and the 18-gun sloops Hazard, Cygnet, and Ringdove took the boats of the squadron in tow. The forts and frigates opened 638 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 20 their fire at 2h. 30m., and the Blonde, having anchored within pistol-shot of a battery, and a quarter of a mile of the French frigates, opened her starboard broadside. Soon afterwards the Thetis also anchored and com- menced firing. At 3h. 30m., one of the enemy’s ships being dis- masted, surrendered ; and at 4h. 20m. her consort hauled down her colours. The Blonde and Thetis then made sail out of reach of the fort ; and at 5h. 20m., both French ships caught fire and exploded. Just as the night was closing in, the boats of the squadron, under the orders of Capt. Cameron, landed under a heavy fire, and succeeded in storming the fort; but that officer w r as unfortunately killed by a grape-shot, when stepping into his boat to return to the Hazard, and had been pre- viously wounded by a musket- ball, while gallantly hauling down the French colours. The Blonde had Lieut. George Jenkins, and 7 killed, and 16 wounded; Thetis, 6 men wounded. — December 19. 1783. Capture of the South Carolina. — The United States frigate South Carolina, Captain Joyner, mounting 28 long 36- pounders on her main-deck and twelve long 12-pounders on the quarter-deck and forecastle, was captured by a squadron consist- ing of 32 -gun frigate Quebec, Capt. C. Mason, 44-gun ship, Diomede, T. L. Frederick, and 32-gun frigate Astrea M. Squire. The South Carolina was built at Amsterdam in 1780, with the scantling and dimensions of a 74- gun ship. She was originally named the Indien, and belonged to France, from whom she was hired by the Americans. 1796. Miner ye and Sabina. — At lOh. a.m., the 40-gun fri- gate, Miner ve, Capt. George Cockburn, bearing the broad pen- dant of Commodore Horatio Nelson, and Blanche, 32, Capt. D’Arcy Preston, near Porto Fer- rajo, fell in with the Spanish fri- gates Sabina and Ceres. At lOh. 30m., the Minerve brought the Sabina to close action, and, after engaging her two hours and fifty minutes, compelled her to sur- render, having had her mizen- mast shot away, and ten men killed and 45 wounded. The Minerve had one midshipman and six men killed, and Lieut. James Noble and 32 men wounded. The Blanche closed with the fri- gate to leeward, and, after a few broadsides, the Ceres hauled down her colours ; but the near approach of a Spanish three-decker and two frigates prevented Captain Preston taking possession of his prize. The Sabina was taken in tow of the Minerve, until the Spanish frigate Matilda arrived up, when the action commenced with this ship; but the superior force of the enemy being close at hand, both the prizes were re- captured. — ;f£UtraL December 20. 1797. Phcebe and Nereide. — The 18-pounder 36-gun fri- gate Phoebe, mounting 44 guns, Capt. Robert Barlow, being in lat. 48° 58' N., long. 8° 4' W. f discovered the French 12-pounder, 36-gun frigate Nereide, mounting 46 guns, Capt. A. Canon, wffiich immediately hauled to the wind and was pursued by the British frigate. The chase continued during the day, and at 9h. p.m., the Nereide commenced firing her stern guns, which did con- siderable damage to her op- December 21. NAVY. 639 ponent’s masts, sails, and rigging. At 9h. 10m., the Nereide hove in stays. In a few minutes the Phoebe also came round, and the two frigates, in passing on oppo- site tacks, exchanged broadsides. At lOh. p.m., the Phoebe got fairly alongside her antagonist; when both ships backed their main-top- sails, and commenced the action in earnest, — the Nereide placing herself about four ships’ length to windward of the Phoebe. In a short time, the Nereide, from the injury she had sustained in her sails and rigging, fell on board the Phoebe, a little before the main chains; but the latter bore up clear of her, then hauled to the wind, and again approached. At lOh. 45m., just as the Phoebe was about to renew her fire, the Nereide hauled down her light, and hailed that she surrendered. Neither ship had a mast shot away, but both had suffered much in their rigging and sails. Out of a crew of 261, the Phoebe had three men killed and ten wounded. The Nereide, out of a crew 330 men, had 20 killed and 35 wounded. The first lieutenant of the Phoebe, Michael Halliday, was promoted to the rank of com- mander, in July in the following year. The Nereide measured 892 tons, and was added to the British navy as a 12-pounder 36-gun fri- gate. — December 21. 1799. Recapture op Lady Nelson. — In the evening, the hired 10 -gun cutter Lady Nelson, while off Cabrita point, was at- tacked by three Prench privateers and some gun-boats, in sight of the 100-gun ship Queen Charlotte and 36-gun frigate Emerald, lying in Gibraltar bay. The boats from these ships were imme- diately despatched by Vice-Adm. Lord Keith to support the Lady Nelson; but, before they could get up, the cutter had been cap- tured, and was in tow of two o the privateers. Lieut. William Bainbridge, in the barge of the Queen Charlotte, ran alongside of the Lady Nelson, and, after a sharp conflict, carried her, taking as prisoners seven French offi- cers and 27 men; six others had been killed in the conflict. Lieut. Bainbridge was severely wounded in the head by the stroke of a sabre, and slightly in other places. Some of his men were also wounded. — JHetlal. 1807. The Danish island of St. Thomas, in the West Indies, sur- rendered to an expedition under Adm. the Hon. Alexander Coch- rane and Gen. Bowyer. 1812. Boats oe Apollo and Weasel. — The 38-gun frigate Apollo, Capt. B. W. Taylor, ac- companied by the 18 -gun brig, Weasel, chased a trabaccolo under the protection of the tower of St. Cataldo in the Adriatic. The boats of the two vessels were de- tached, under the orders of Lieuts. George Bowen and Michael Quin, to destroy this tower, which was reputed to be the strongest be- tween Brindisi and Otranto. The enemy became so discouraged by the well-directed fire of the Apol- lo’s barge, that the tower was carried without loss, and then blown up by the British. December 22. 1779. Capture of Blanche and Fortunee. — Rear-Admiral Rowley, in the Suffolk, 70, was detached with Yegeance, Magni- ficent, and Stirling Castle, in pur- suit of three ships belonging to the fleet of Comte d’Estaing, cruising off Martinique. On Tuesday, the 21st December, at 640 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 26 8h. a.m., three strange sail being discovered, the signal was made for a general chase, which con- tinued during the night; and on the 22nd, at 5h. p.m., one of the strangers, after a short defence, struck her colours. She proved to be the Blanche, of 36 guns and 212 men, Capt. La Gallis- soniere. At llh. p.m., La For- tunee, of 40 guns, commanded by the Chevalier Marigny, also surrendered. December 23. 1779. The squadron under Adm. Rowley, after the capture of the Blanche and Fortunee, as we have just related, continued the pursuit of the third ship, and, at 3h. p.m. on Thursday the 23rd, came up with and captured the Elize, of 28 guns and 68 men, commanded by M. Eonteneaux. 1812. The American brig Hun- ter, of 14 guns, was captured by Phoebe, 36, Cap. Hilly ar. December 24. 1796. Capture of Justine. — The 64-gun ship, Polyphemus, Capt. Geo. Lumsdaine, captured the French 50-gun ship Justine, en flute , having on board 600 troops. Before the prize could be secured, a violent gale came on, in which she foundered, with all hands. 1805. Capture of Libre. — In the morning, the French 40- gun frigate Libre, which had sepa- rated from her consort the Fu- rieuse, in a gale on the coast of Scotland, when off the port of Rochefort, fell in with and was chased by the 44 -gun frigate Egyptienne, acting captain, Lieut. P. C. Handheld. At noon the 38-gun frigate Loire, Capt. Fred. L. Maitland, joined in the chase, and at 3h. p.m. brought the Libre to action. Soon afterwards the Egytienne also opened her fire, and then ran the French fri- gate on board, carrying away by the shock the latter ship’s bow- sprit. This soon put an end to the contest, and the Libre hauled down her colours, having above 20 men killed and wounded, out of a crew of 280. The Egyp- tienne had one killed and 9 wounded, out of a crew of 330. December 25. 1666. Capture of Dutch Squadron.— On 25th December, a squadron of six sail, under the command of Commodore Robert Robinson, in the 60- gun ship Warspight, engaged a Dutch squadron of five sail, on the coast of Norway, three of which, in- cluding the Dutch commodore’s ship, were captured after a short action. 1807. Reduction of Sainte Croix. — On the 25th December, the Danish island of Sainte Croix capitulated to an expedition un- der Rear- Adm. the Hon. Alex. J. Cochrane and Gen. Bowyer. December 26. 1706. Destruction of Con- tent. — The 50-gun ship Romney, Capt. William Coney, in company with Milford and Fowey frigates, being on the coast of Spain, gave chase to the French 64-gun ship Content, which made sail in- shore, and sought shelter under a small fort eight leagues to the westward of Almeira ; the Rom- ney took a position athwart her bows, whilst the Milford and Fowey placed themselves on her bow and quarter, and opened so destructive a fire, that in a short time the French ship blew up with all her crew. December 27- NAVY. 64 1 1780. The Mary letter-of- marque, of 22-guns, commanded by Moses Stowards, on passage to the West Indies, fell in with a large Spanish frigate, which, after an obstinate engagement, she compelled to haul off. The Mary having her topmasts shot away and being much cut up in rigging and sails, was incapable of pursuing the enemy ; and she had 3 men killed and 5 wounded. 1799. At lOh. 15m. a. m., the Dodman bearing north, distant seven leagues, the Viper cutter, mounting fourteen 4-pounders, and 48 men, Lieut. John Pengelly discovered to windward, and gave chase to the Trench lugger Turet, of fourteen 4-pounders and 57 men. After a running fight of an hour and half, the Viper ran alongside her opponent, and soon compelled her to haul down her colours. Lieut. Pengelly and one seaman were wounded. Onboard the Turet, 4 men were killed and 8 wounded. This was the second time that the Viper, under the same commander, had cap- tured a Trench privateer of equal force. — JHctfaf. 1807. The Trench having oc- cupied Portugal, a British squa- dron, under Bear-Adm. Sir Sam. Hood, consisting of 74-gun ships Centaur, York, and Captain, and 64-gun ship Intrepid, with the frigates Africaine, Alceste, Shan- non, and Success, together with transports conveying troops un- der Major-Gen. Beresford, sailed for Madeira. On the 24th De- cember, the squadron anchored in Funchal bay, and on the 26th, vithout opposition, took posses- ion of the Madeira islands. December 27. 1742. PULTNEY AND XEBECS. —The British 16-gun privateer Pultney, with a crew of 142 men, commanded by James Purcell' returning to Gibraltar from a cruise, was attacked by two large Spanish xebecs, each mounting 12 guns, with a crew of 120 men. The wind being very light, the xebecs, by the aid of their sweeps, were enabled to choose their po- sition, and overtook the privateer off Luropa point. On arriving up, the Spaniards ordered the Pultney to surrender, and, being answered by a broadside, made several attempts to carry her by boarding, but were on each occasion repulsed with great slaughter. After an action of nearly two hours’ duration, the Spanish vessels sheered off, and returned to their port with the loss of 100 men killed and wounded. The Pultney had only one man killed and five wounded. December 2S. 1793. Sans Culotte, 20, cap- tured m West Indies by Blanche, 32, Capt. Parker. ♦ ll 97 V,F azard ’ 14 £ uns > taken in the Channel by Phaeton, 38 Captain Stopford. 1806. General Blanchard, 16, captured off Los Pongos by Ta- vourite. 20, Capt. Davie. December 29. 1797. The Trench 20-gun cor- vette Daphne (late British) was captured in the Bay by the 44- gun frigate Anson, Captain P. C. C. H. Durham, after a spirited defence, and the loss of five men killed and several wounded. • , 18 l?* r_riie 18 '& un brig Loyal- ist, . Captain George Downie cruising m the Channel, captured the Trench privateer Buse. — 642 CALENDAR OF VICTORY. December 31. December 30. 1707. The Ludlow Castle, Capt. Nicholas Haddock, off the Long- sand-head, fell in with the French privateers Dunkirk and Nightin- gale, each carrying more men than the British ship; the Night- ingale being under the command of one Thomas Smith, who had been dismissed the English ser- vice. The two ships having at- tacked the Ludlow Castle, were so warmly received that they en- deavoured to make off ; but Capt. Haddock gave chase to the largest, which he came up with, and captured. 1780. Bellona akd Princess Caroline. — The 74-gun ship Bellona, Capt. Richard Onslow, cruising on the Downs station, fell in with, and, after an action of half an hour, captured, the Dutch 54- gun ship Princess Caroline, with the loss of 4 men killed and 12 wounded. Bellona, one killed and two wounded. The prize was added to the British navy under the same name. December 31. 1796. Amaranthe, French 14- gun privateer, captured near Al- derney, by Diamond, 38, Captain Strachan. 1797. Aventure, French priva- teer, 12 guns, taken by Mermaid, 32, off Belleisle. 1811. Chasseur, 16, French, captured by Blossom, 20, Capt. Stewart, in the Channel. ADDENDUM. — Nayt. The following has been inadvertently omitted under Oct. 14th page 594: — October 14. 1747. — Rear-Admiral Hawke, with 12 ships of the line, and 2 of 50 guns, being off Cape Finis- terre, discovered a French fleet, under Commodore Letendeur. Sail was instantly made to close the enemy, then on the weather bow; and at lOh. a.m. the British formed in order of battle. The French commodore at the same time directed the Content, 64, and frigates with the convoy, to make the best of their way, while he, "with the remainder, drew into line ahead. The Intrepide, 74, Trident, 64, and Terrible, forming the van; Tonnant, 80, and Mo- narque, 74, the centre ; the Se- vern, 56, Fougueux, 64, and Neptune, 70, the rear. The sig- nal for a general chase was now made. The Lion, 60, and Prin- cess Louisa, 60, took the lead, but the remainder of the British soon arriving up, the action became general. The Severn struck to the Devonshire, 66, and Hawke pushed on to close the Tonnant ; but the Eagle, 60, being disabled, fell on board the Devonshire ; and in this situation the latter was engaged by the Tonnant, until the Tilbury, 60, took part in the action. The Devonshire then closed with the Trident and Ter- rible, and both these ships surren- dered at 7h. p.m. The Neptune, . being dismasted, and having lost her captain and 200 of her crew, struck to the Yarmouth, 64. The Monarque, Fougueux, and Se- vern surrendered before 5h. p.m. The Tonnant and Intrepide ef- fected their escape. The loss of the British amounted to 154 killed and 558 wounded. INDEX A. A’Court, Mid. H., 616. Abbot, Lt.-Col., 197. Abercromby, Gen., 4. 50, 51. 80. Death of, 82. 109. 119. 146. 162.216. 251—253. 257. 264. Abingdon, Maj., 8. 13. Acadia, 135. Achates, 606. Achille, 498. 527. Achilles, 454. Acre, 123. 200. 273. 456.613. Acklow, Lt-Gen., 497. Actionnaire, 467. Active, 627. Acul, 51. Adams, 565. Adams, Gen., 173. 279. AdamsfLt.-Col., 142. 146. Adams, Maj., 194. 203. 208. 224. 249. 258. 302. Adams, Capt., 69. Aden, 21. 142. 194. Admiral Yawl, 432. Admiral Mitchell, 610. Adventure, 385. JEolus, 430. Africa, 425. Africaine, 423. Agamemnon, 606. Agincourt, 317. Agra, 309. Agraga, 306. Aguada, 523. Ahmednuggur, 234 Aicha, 195. Aigle, 446. 491, 524. 563. 572. Aimable, 465. 532. Ainslie, Lt.-Col., 319. Aire, 60, 63. 235. Aix Roads, 458. Ajaygerh, 45. Ajmeer, 161. Alamparvah, 72. Alba, 337. Albemarle, Earl of, 245. Albion, 601. 615. Albuera, 137. Albuquerque, 131. Alceste, 509. 627. Alcide, 301. 525. Alcmdne, 545. 607. Alcoentre, Alcoy, 67. Alcyone, 624. Alert, 575. Alexander, 423. Alexander, Capt., 97. Alexandria, 79, 80. 240. 246. 256. Alexandrian, 549. Algesiras, 518. Algiers, 559. Alicant, 518. Ali Cawn, 208. Alighur, 284. Aliwal, 28. Allamanee Creek, 62. Allen, Capt. W. H., 549. Allen, Lt. S., 631 . Alma, 278. Alten, Gen., 168. Amaranthe, 635. Amazon, 394. 440. Amazone, 446. 536. Amboor, 361. Amboyna, 51. 422. America, 498. American Flotilla, 635. Americain, 404. Amethyst, 456. 617. Amethyste, 409. Amherst, Gen., 160. 213. 215. Amherst, Lt.-Col. 263. Amhertzberg, 240. Amiens, 284. Amoy, 557. Amrooh, 70. Anaconda, 524. Ancona, 491. Anderson, Lt.-Col., 382. Anderson, Capt. J., 631. 637. Andre, Fort, 128. Andromache, 408. 607. Andromaque, 489. 556. Anglese, 455. Anguilla, 142. Angus, Lt., 72. Angus, Earl of, 225. Anholt, 447. 485. Anicul Fort, 199. Annapolis Royal, 290. Anne, Fort, 302. Annunghoy, 58. Anson, 641. Anson, Commod.,509. Anson, Vice-Adm., 473. 556. Anstruther, Lt.-Col., 161. Antelope, 481. 612. 628. Antwerp, 128. Apollo, 408. 506. Appleton, Commod., 628. Aquilon, 459. 481. Arbuthnot, Adm., 132. 479. Arc, Joan of, 147. Arcangues, 348. Arcot, 41. 234. 271. 283. 342. Ardent, 438. Arethusa, 506. 556. Arethuse, 413. Argo, 400.413. 480. Argum, 354. Argus, 549. Argyle, Duke of, 188. 339. Ariadne, 489. Ariancopang, 289. Arikera, 436. Armada, Spanish, 528. 531. 535. Armstrong, Lt.-Col., 235. Armee d’ltalie, 632. Armide, 579. Arnaud, St. Marshal, 271. Arnaut, St., Sir. H., 122. Arnold, 119. Arras, 140. Arrow, 570. Arroyo, Molino, 323. Arriveriete, 49. Artemise, 538. 582. Artois, 515. 601. 629. Arumbali, 42. Arundel, Earl of, 147.250. 336. 454. Ascalon, 257. Ashe, Gen., 64. Ashta, 52. 54. Ashworth, 368. Assaye, 282. Asseer, 46. Asserghur, 79. 100. Astrea, 458. 487. Astree, 630. Atalante, 392. 450. 476. 620. Atcherley, Capt., 321. Auberoche, 232. Auchmaty, Gen., 21. 35. 227. 231. Auckland, B., Gen., 193. Audacieuse, 497. Auda Nulla, 249. 258. Augusta Island, 407. Augusta, 601. 624. Auguste, 414. Austen, Capt. F. W., 444/ Austria, Don Juan of, 166. Auray, 289. Avaraourchy, 109. Aventurier, 541. T T 3 646 IXDEX. Ayscue, V.-Adm., Sir Geo., 550. B. Babet, 467. Bacchante, 3S0. 455. 480. 483. Badajos, 78. 85. 97. 130. 132. 157. Badaumy, 50. Badere Zaffer, 517. Bahoor, 251. Baird, Sir James. 54. Baird, Gen., 8, 9. 17, 18. Bailey, Capt., 52. 194. Bailey, Lt., 142. Bailie, Lt.-Col., 122. 261. Bailie, Maj., 21. Bailie, Capt.. 286. Bainbridge, Lt. W., 639. Bajee Roco, 341. Baker, Capt. T., 545. Baker, Lt. P. H., 612. Balaklava, 319. Baleine, 481. Ball, Capt. H. L.. 415. Ballard, Capt. S. J., 637. Ballard, Capt. V. V., 637. Baltimore, 268. Bancole, 100. Banda, 68. Banda Neira, 522. Bandoola, 88. Bangalore, 65. 67. 85. Bannatyn, Capt., 109. Bantry Bay, 471. Barbier de Seville, 621. Barcelona, 382. Barclay, Col., 57. Baring, Maj., 174. Barlow, Capt. R., 423. 638. Barnard, Lt.-Col., 225. Earnes, Gen., 63. 175. 215. 320. 367. Barosa, 65. 288. Barquier, Gen., 195. Barrie, Capt. R., 472. Barrington, Gen., 122. Barrington, Rt. Hon., 636. Barrington, Capt., 454. Bartholomew, 77. Barton, Capt. R., 625. Barrabutee, 304. Basden, Maj., 68. Basque Roads, 392. 400. 458. Bassett. Lt., 511. Baste, R. Adm., 577. Bastin, Lt. R., 528. Batoo Golka, 52. Battensbv, Lt. H., 506. 525. ' Baumgardt, Lt. A., 469. Baurot, Gen., 82, 102. Bayley, Capt., 52. 321. Bayonne, 1. 106. Bazeley, Lt. S., 575. Beachy Head, 514. Bearn’ Capt., 49. Beatson, Capt., 113. Beatty, Lt. G., 457. Beaver, Capt. P., 486. Beaufort, Lt. F., 609. Eeauclerk, Capt. Lord A., 505. Beaulieu, Gen., 273. Beckwith, Col., 22. 78. 94. Beckwith, Gen., 3i. Bedamee, 162. Bedford, Duke of, 44. 238. 460. 549. Bednore, 29. Bejar, 52. Begur, 543. Belcher, Lt., 633. Bell, Capt. C., 621. Bellegarde, 460. Belleisle, 135. 144. 159. 502. Belle Poule, 421. 439. 505. 525. Belliand, Gen., 186. Belliqueux, 612. Bellone, 409. 425. 521.619. 630. Bellona, 548. 562. 642. 630. Belvidera, 511. Benbow, Commod., 520. 553. 556. 621. Bentham, C. M. G., 594. Bentinck, Gen., 67. 99. 110. 226. Bentinck, Maj. -Gen., 280. 321. 333. Berbice, 124. Beresford, Gen., 18. 58, 59.102.108. 125. 137.207. 244. 349. 641. Beresford, Capt. J. P., 484. Bergen, 292. Berkeley, Adm. Lord., 517. Beruadotte, 182. Berry, Capt., 450. Bertie, V. Adm., 357. 630. Berton,Gen., 56. Bethune, 252. Bettesworth, Lt. G. E. B., 411. Bettesworth, Capt .,414. Beyrout, 568. Bhooja, 87. Bhore Pass, 41. Bhurtpore, 18. Bidassoa, 298. Bien Acquis, 624. Eien Aimee, 388. Bien Venue, 442. Bissett, Capt. A., 523. 594. Black, Capt., 25. 46. Blackwood, Capt. H.,450. Bladensberg, 248. Blair, Lt.-Col., 3. 40. 43. Blake, Maj., 133. Blake, Adm., 137. 423. 444. 465. 484. 499. 581. 626. Blakeney, Col., 138. Blanche, 389. 528. 638. 640. Bland, Lt., 78. Bland, Capt., 542. Blenheim, 236. Blenerhasset, Lt.-G.,618. Blonde, 551. 637. Blucher, 167. 175. Boadicea, 575. Bock, Gen., 207. 212. 259. Bodley, Commod. 628. Boger, Lt.-C., 589. Bohemia, King of, 250. Bokhara, 342. Bolton, Capt., 510. Bomarsund, 550. Bommel, Fort, 295. Bompart, Commod., 359. Bonaparte, 269. Bonn, 219. Bonne Citoyenne, 438. 519. Bordelais, 406. 592. Boreas, 598. Bordentown, 129. Borgne, Lake, 635. Boscawen, Adm., 501. 552. Boscawen, Capt., 624. Bosquet, Gen., 321. Boston, 537. Bosworth Field, 146. Bouchain, 44. 227. 253. 271 . Boulogne, 37. 143. 270. 300. Boufflers, Marshal, 243. Bounton, Lt. J., 545. Bourbeque, 140. Bourbon, Fort, 445. Bourbon, Isle, 197. 520.577. Bourchier, Capt., 146. 553. Bourchier, Lt., 348. 565. Bourgoyne, Gen., 160. Bouvet, Commod., 513. Bowen, Capt. R.. 593.634. Bowen. Capt., 117. Bowen, Lt., 30. 442. Bowen, Lt. G., 634. 639. Bowes, Gen., 73. 98. Bow'yer Fort, 4. Boxer, Capt., 351. Boxer, Lt. J., 618. Boyles, Capt., 476. Boyles, Gen.. 270. Boyne, 188. Brace, Capt., 486. 598. Bradford, 182. 210. Bradley, Lt., 490. Bradstreet, Lt.-Col ,251. Braithwaite, Lt.-Col., 78. 247. Brandywine, 267. Bratabano, 565. Bravoure, 563. Bray, Capt., 385. Breda, 553. Bremer, Commod., 58. 194. Brennier, Gen., 245. Brenneville, 242. Breton, Capt. J., 473. 544. 586. Brenton, Capt. E. P., 635. Brereton, 281. 301. Brereton, Maj., 23. Brereton, Col., 354. Brest, 489. Brett, Capt. P., 521. Bridport, Adm. Lord, 356. 385. 510. Brilliant, 464. 548. Briseis, 594. Brisac, Due de, 423. Brisbane, Capt., 421. 556. Brock, Maj. -Gen., 240. Broke, Capt. P.B. V., 498. INDEX. 647 Bromfield, Maj., 261. Brook, Lt.-Col., 268. Brooke, Lt.-Col., 377. Brown, Maj.-Gen., 10. Brown, Lt.-Gen. Sir Geo., 279. 321. 332. Brown, Col., 34. 310. Brown, Capt., 250. Browne, Col., 34. 310. Brownrigg, Lt.-Col., 21. 208. Brune, 407. Brune, Gen., 292. Brunswick, Prince of, 204. 222, 223. 233. Buckle, Capt., 589. Buchanan, Capt., 44. Buckeridge, Lt.-Col., 50. Buckingham, Duke of, 246. Buller, Brig.-Gen., 279. 333. Bullonberg, 122. Bulow, Gen., 175. Bundlescund, 162. Bunker’s Hill, 169. Burgess, Capt., 177, Burgh, Gende, 330. Burgos, 276. 310. Burgoyne, Gen., 296. Burgoyne, Lt.-Col., 43. 296. Burgoyne, Capt., 52, Burgundy, Duke of, 188. 262. Burke, Lt. H., 504. 512. 516. 561. Burke, Capt., 63. Burke, Lt. W., 530. Burlington Heights, 158. Burn, Col., 341. Burns, Lt. J., 550. Burrell, Gen., 146. 194. Burton, Lt. W., 449. Busaco, 287. Busche, Maj., 4. Bush, Sub-lieut., 465. Butler, Lt., 358. Butterfield, Capt. W., 546. Byng, Gen., 241. 341. Byng, Adm., 311. 513. 537. Byng, Adm., 619. Byrn, Mid., 530. C. Cabul, 268. 370. Cadiz, 464. 510. 517. Cadogan, Gen., 187. 228. 235. Cadogan, 285. 288. Caen, 216. 258. Cairo, 186. fa Ira, 441. Calais, 1. Calcutta, 2. 259. 579. Calder, V.-Adm. Sir R., 530. Calicut, 13. Calliaud, Maj., 109. Calliaud, Col., 154. Callinghur, 40. Calliope, 608. Calvaire, 79. Calvery, Sir H. de, 289. Calvi, 216. Cambray, 116. 183.233. Cambridge, Major-Gen., Duke of, 279. 321. 332. Camden, 239. Camel, 576. Cameron, Lt.-Col., 34. 49. 127. 206. 214. 287. 299. 365. Cameron, Capt., 638. Campbell, Gen., 14. 88. 119. 176. 218. Campbell, Sir A., 41. 92. 150. 162. 356. 369. Campbell, Sir Colin, 280. 319. Campbell, Lt.-Col., 20. 38. 43. 101. 147. 167.297. Campbell, Maj., 22. 254. Campbell, Capt., 30. 247. 519. Campbell, Lt., 50. 343. Camperdown, 591. Campo Mayor, 86. Canada, 472. Canaille du Bois, 552. Canch, Lt.. 97. Candahar, 12. Candler, Capt., 142. Canning, Col., 175. Cannon, Capt., 168. Cannon, Lt., 474. Cannoniere, 409. 478. Canrobert, Gen., 348. Canton, 146, 147. 490. 493. Cape River Fort, 247. Capricieuse, 517. Capua, 216. Carden, Maj., 63. Cardigan, Maj.-Gen., 319. Carier, Gen., 207. Cariou, 320. Carket, Lt., 431. Carleton, Col., 110. 163. Carleton, Gen., 114. 128. 269. Carmen, 467. Carmichael, Gen., 195. Carnac, Maj., 15. 124. Carnegie, Capt., 619. Caroline, 522. 598. 630. Carrere, 541. Carri, 525. Carruthers, Capt., 35. Carter, Maj., 88. Carteret, Capt., 577. Carthagena, 68. 437. 449. Carysfort, 494. Casal, 197. Casal Nova, 74. Cascais, 152. Cashman, Lt. W., 540. Cassis, 552. Castalla, 105. Castanetta, Adm., 537. Castor, 494. Castrejon, 207. Cathcart, Gen., 8. 262. 279. 319. 321. 331. 333. 567. Cathcart, Col., 165. Cavalier, Col.. 139. Cavendish, Lord F., 204. Cavery River, 94. Cayenne, 396. Cawdor, Lord, 56. Cedars, 141, Censeur, 441. Centurion, 509. 573. 616. Cerbere, 533. Cerberus, 427. Ceres, 390. 465. 638. Cesnatico, 472. Ceylon, 48. 51, 52. Chacun, 55. Chads, Capt., 636. Chagre, 446. Chalmers, Lt., 400. Chaloner, Capt., 179. Chamberlayne, Capt. E. H., 627. Chambly, 555. Cham bon, Gen., 167. Chance, 578. Chandos, Lord, 289. Chanter, Gen., 158. Chandernagore, 84. Changama, 257. Charlemagne, 625. Charles I., 315. Charles VI., 258. Charlestown, 33. 479. Charles worth. Capt., 142. Cherbourg, 229. 542. Cherie, 389. Cherokee, 393. Cherub, 449. Chesapeake, 498. Chesnut Hill, 359. Chesnut Neck, 298. Chevrette, 529. Cigne, 635. Chilledroog, 132. Chillianwullah, 13. China, 584. Chinese Pirates, 598. Chinghae, 618. Chinsurah, 149. Chinglput, 326. Chittapett, 30. Chittoor, 337. Chitty, Lt., 76. Christian, Rear- Adm., 119. Chuenpee, 8. Chunda, 142. Churchill, Lt.-Col., 230. Churchill, Gen., 259. Chusan, 194. Chuttar, 53. Circe, 610. 635. Ciudad Rodrigo, 89. 343. Clara, 586. Clarence, Duke of, 258. Clairfait, Gen., 130. 233. Clark, Maj , 82. Clarke, Gen., 274. Clarke, Maj., 13. Clarke, Lt. It. W., 621. Clavery, Sir J.. 94. Clavering, Gen., 112. 122. T T 4 648 INDEX. Clauzel, Gen., 56. 63. 211. 212. 224. Cleav eland, Maj., 18. Clements, Lt. M., 485. Cleopatra, 402. Cleopatre, 508. Clifford, Lt.-Col., 45. Clifford, Ens., 256. Clinton, Gen., 80. 132. 152. 185. 251. 261. 296. 301. 322. 362. Clinton, Fort, 296. Clive, Capt., 107. 150. 155. 254. Clive, Col., 3. 36. 44. 180. 283 # Clorinde, 428. 627. Close, Lt.-Col., 39. Ciunie, 214. 301. Clyde, 554. Clyde, Lt. Chas., 621. Cobham, Visct., 291. 301. 306. 383. Cobourg, 428. Cochrane, Adm., 31. 43. 57. Cochrane, Capt., 244. 246. 390. 458. 476. 628. Cochrane, A. F., 484. Cocks, Maj., 276. Cockburn, R. Adm., 201. 268. 470. Cockburn, Capt. G., 638- Codrington, Y. Adm., 500. Codrington, Maj. -Gen., 279. 333. Coffin, Lt.-Col. 58. Coghlan, Capt. R., 444. 493. 533. Coghlan, Lt., 553. Colar, 199. Colborne, Lt.-Col., 8. 20. 59. Colborne, Gen., 86. 137. 300. Colchester, 483. Cole, Gen., 7 . 59.102. 137. 219, 220, 221. Cole, Capt. C., 522. Cole, Lt. T., 620. Colle, Mill, 91. Colibri, 620. Collier, Capt. Sir G., 472. Collier, Capt. B., 563. 567. Collins, Capt., 298. 630. Colombo, 44. 48. Colon, 43. Colpoys, 445. Colville, Gen., 95. 98. 182, Columbine, Capt. H., 525. Combe, de la, 200. Combermere, Gen., 18. Combined French and Spanish Squadron, 523. Comet, 546. Commines, Count de, 232. Compiegne, 147. Comte d’ Artois, 145. 547. Comtesse d’Hambourg, 608. Comus, 549. Conaghul, 266. Concale, Fort, 3. Conception, 417. 564. Concord, 111. Concorde, 126. 421. Cond<§, Prince de, 166, Condeixa, 74. Condore, 363. Coney, Capt. W., 133. 640. Confiante, 496. Conflans, Adm. de, 622. Congreve, Lt.-Col., 118., Conolly, Lt., 321. Conquestadore, 584. Conquet, 489. Conroux, Gen., 221. Conseveram, 59, 60. 108. Constance, 437. Contades, Gen., 123. Content, 640. Conway, Gen., 199. Cooke, Capt., 286. 431. 603. Coombe, Capt.W., 626. Coote, Gen., 22. 68. 292. Coote, Col., 23. 30. 38.41. 45. 50. 62. 65. 113. 272. Coote, Maj. -Gen. Sir Eyre, 189. 244. 246. 249. 364. Coote, Lt. W., 386. Copenhagen, 262. 451. 567. Corbet, Maj., 15. Corceyere, 626. Cornelis, Fort, 249. Cornish, Adm., 89. 587. Cornwallis, Gen., 32. 34. 38, 39. 50. 67. 75. 88. 136. 184. 195. 239. 251. 257. 260. 286. 295. Cornwallis, Capt. Hon. W., 443. Cornwallis, Vice - Adm., 507. Corsica, 39. 42. Cortelazzo, 559. Corunna, 16. Cosby, En., 289. Cosby, Capt., 191. 258. 286. Cotes, Capt., 607. Cotton, Gen., 51. 67. 103. Coventry, 475. Covelong, 326. Covreplank, 61. Courageux, 548. Courageuse, 509. 512. Courier, 624. Courrier, 388. Courrier National, 491. Courtenay, Capt. C. W. A., 537.' Cox, Capt. O., 628. Crackton, Lt., 70. Craddock, Lt.-Col., 22. Craddock, Maj. Gen., 73. 240. Craig, Maj.-Gen.,231.287. 326. Craigie, Capt. H., 143. Crampe, Brig.-Gen., 107. Cranstoun, Lt.-Col., 122. Crawford, Earl of, 291. Crawford, Gen., 114. Creole, 515. Crenen, Marq. de, 198. Crequi, Marq. de, 168. Crescent, 496. 599. Cressy, 249. Cresswell, Maj., 201. Cririe, Lt., 505. Crispin, Capt., 142. Crodon, 354. Crofton, Mid. E.,530. Croix, d’Orade, 100 Croker, Lt. \V„ 595. Cruger, Lt.-Col., 144. Cruiser, 611. Crooke, Lt. C. H., 635. Crooked Billet, 125. Cuddalore, 142. 164. 169. 182. Cull, Lt. R„ 512. Culloden, 108. 630. Cullyanellore, 40. Cumberland, Earl of, 159. Cumberland, Duke of, 108. Cumby, Capt., 195. Cumby, Maj., 200. Cunningham, Capt. C., 534. Cunningham, Gen., 16. Curieuse, 434. Curieux, 406. 410. 414. 629. Curtis, Brig., 571. Curtis, Capt., 590. 628. Curzola, 35. 410. Cutchoura, 72. Cuttack, 302. Cutts. Lord, 196. 208. 237. 243. 275. 282. Cutwa, 202. 208. Cuyler, Maj.-Gen., 107. Cyane, 512, 513. 589. CybSle, 427. D. Dacres, Col., 321. Daedalus, 415. Dagres, Lt.-Col., 112. Dagworth, Sir R., 177. Dalhousie, Gen., 62. 255. Dalling, Maj., 45. 55. Dalrymple, Col., 136. Dalrymple, Maj., 50. Dalrymple, Capt., 312. Dalton, 136. 150. Dalton, Gen., 218. Daly, Capt. C. F., 546. Daly, Lt. J., 620. Dame Ernouf, 414. Dampiere, Gen., 130. Danae, 448, 481. Dandaels, Gen., 264. Daniell, 312. Daphne, 641. Daraporam, 154. Darby, Lt.-Col., 247. Darby, Maj., 327, 61 L Dardanelles, 424, 433. Darke, Lt., 70. Dart, 519 INDEX. 649 Dartmouth, 589. Dashwood, Capt.,391. 538. 582 . Dashwood, Capt. W. B.. 612. Dashwood, Lt. W. B., 627. Dauture, Gen., 63. David, King, 245. 308. Davis, Capt., 113. Davis, Lt. T., 632. Dawes, Capt. H., 483. Dawes, Maj., 52. Dawson, Lt.-Col., 85. Dawson, Capt. G., 544. Dawson, Lt. W., 436. D’Ache, Comte, 568. D’Anet, 111. D’Antenil, 150. D’Asfield, Chev., 15, 16. Deacon, Lt. H. C., 552. Deacon, Lt.-Col., 54. De Clermont, Count, 44. De Courcy, Capt. N., 4G4. Decaen, Gen., 358. De Chartres, Due, 399. 447. 552. De Dumas, Chev., 182. D’Erlon, Gen., 172, 176, 214. D’Eu, Comte, 216 De Grasse, Comte, 566. De Guichen, Adm., 463. D’Hautpoult, 462. De La Motte, Adm., 501. De L’Isle, Count, 232. De Lancey, Col., 175. D’Orvilliers, Adm., 534. De Ruyter, Adm., 493. 494. 532. 546. 550. 581. D’Urban, Gen., 210. 234. De Vaux, 62. De Winter, Adm., 592. De Witte, Adm., 581. Decius, 625. Dedaigneuse, 405. Defiance, 427. 510. 616, Deig, 341. Deiskaw, Baron, 263. Delhi, 267. Dencanicota, 199. Denis, Capt. P., 494. Dennie, Lt.-Col., 71. 99. 212 . Derampoury, 324. Derby, Earl of, 232, 246. Derenzy, Maj., 304. Desiree, 398, 519. Despard, Lt.-Col., 254. Diamante, 473. Diana, 557. 569. Dick, Gen., 42. Dickins, Lt.-Col., 162. Dickinson, Lt., 417- 607. Dickson, Capt. E. S.,435. Dickson, Lt.-Col., 43. 138. Dictator, 519. Didon, 545. Dieppe, 202. 523. 572. Diez, Marshal, 37. Digby, Capt. H., 595. Digley, Capt., 87. Djajocarta, 177. Dilkes, Gen., 66. Diligente, 461. 493. 566. Dispatch, 580. Distaffe, Capt., 526. Dixon, Capt. M., 450. 526. Dixon, Lt. H., 526. Dobbs, Lt. A., 470. Dobbs, Capt., 115.547. Doggerbank, 541. Dogherty, Maj., 83. Dolphin, 624. Dominica, 157. Don, Lt.-Col., 136. Donabew, 88. 90. Donawert, 78. 190. Donkin, Gen., 67. 217. Donna Maria, 222. Donop, Col., 251. 314. Dorade, 501. Dornford, Lt. Jos., 469. Dost Mahommed, 53. Dorsetshire, 494. Douay, 114. 120. 128. Douglas, Earl of, 207. 209. 270. Douglas, Sir Robt., 225. Douglas, Capt., 58. 128. Douglas. Maj., 382. Douglas, Com. Sir J., 157. Douro, 133. Dover, 570. Doveton, Maj., 8. 52. 137. Doveton, Gen., 78. 100. 110. Downie, Capt. G., 641. Doyle, Gen., 139. Draak, 570. Drake, Sir F., 152. 464. 531. Drake, Lt. J., 601. Draper, Gen., 587. Dreadnought, 601. Droits de 1’hoinme, 394, 395. Drouet, Gen., 127. Druid, 565. Drummond, Gen., 476. Drummond, Capt., 467. Drury, L. A., 469. Drury, Lt. E. O’Brien, 543. Drury, Gen., 157. Dryad, 505. Du Casse, 553. 556.. Du Guay Trouin, 432. 474. 614. Duff, Capt., 603. Duke, Lt. W., 623. Du Quesne Fort, 351. Dubreton, Gen., 311. Duckworth, Lt.-Col., 138. Duckworth, Commod., 342. Duckworth, Vice-Adm., 413. 424. 433. Dumblane, 339. Dunbar, 118. 257. D unbury, 119. Duncan, Adm., 591. Duncan, Maj., 13. 66, 199. Duncan, Capt., 611. Dundas, Gen., 6. 37, 38, 39. 41. 113. 165. Dundas, Vice-Adm., 597. Dundonald, Lord, 198. Dungurpore, 70. Dunkirk, 165. 183. Dunkin, Lt.-Col., 20. Dunlop, Lt.-Col., 126. Dumanoir, Rear-Adm., 614. Duras, 389. Durell, Capt. T., 464. Durham, Capt. P. C. H., 598. 641. Durham, Rear-Adm., 398. Dutoya, Lt., 236. E. Eagle, 626. Echallar, 223. Echo, 469. Eclair, 399. Ecureuil, 470. Edgar, Lt., 471. Edge Hill, 315. 360. Edinburgh, 399. 601. Edward I., 1. 118. Edward III., 1. 207, 208. 210. 216. 226. 249. 275. 561. Edward, Fort, 40. Edward, Prince, 94. Edwards, Maj., 85. Edwards, Capt., 462. Edwards, Lt., 471. Elhouse, Lt.-Col., 37. Effingham, Earl of, 510. Egg Harbour, 306. Egypt, 68. 436. Egmont, Count, 201 . 233. Egyptienne, 436. 446. 640. El Arisch, 382. El Bodon, 284. Elbert, B. Gen., 64. Elena, 469. Elizabeth Town, 15S, 521 . 561. Ellenborough, Lord, 381. Elliot, Gen., 571. Elliot, Capt., 430. Elliot, Capt. H., 633. Elliot, Lt., 109. Ellis, Capt., 146. 194, 618. Ellis, Col., 138. Elphinstone, Lt.-Col., 13. 164. Elphinstone, Vice-Adml . 551. Elphinstone, Capt. J., 404. Elphinstone, G. R., 389. Elphinstone, Ed., 534. Kmbuscade, 537. Emerald, 457- Emeraude, 576. Emsdorf, 204. Endymion, 386. 396. Engageante, 468. England, Maj. -Gen. Sir R., 279. Ensor, Lt., 476. Entreprenante, 634. Eole, 526. 650 EsDEX. Erbach, Lt.-Gen., 216. Erskine, Maj.-Gen., 72. 109. 204. Eselyn, Capt., 310. Esperance, 583. Esperanza, 571. Espierres, 144. Espoir, 425. 469. 542. Essex, Earl of, 152. 315. 321. Essex, 448. Estaing, Comte d\ 636. Estrees, Comte de, 493. Etauliers, 96. Etchemin River, 50. Ethalion, 595. Etoile, 444. 448. Etourdie, 443. Eugene, Prince, 183. 197. 257. 262. 267. 333. Evans. Lt.-Gen., 279.321. Eveillee, 595. Evertzen, Vice- Ad., 514. Eurotas, 148. Eustace, the Monk, 556. Exmouth, Lord, 559. Experiment, 481. Eybach, 7. Eyre, Lt.-Col., 261. F. Facey, Lt. P.. 504. Fahie, Capt. TV., 462. Fairborne, Adm., 182. Fairfax, Gen., 166. Fairfield, 196. 200. Faithful, Maj., 41. Falaise, 2. Falkirk, 210. Falmouth, 489. Fama, 586. Fane, Gen. T., 245. Farmer, Capt. G., 587. Farquharson, Lt., 103. Farrant, Lieut. J., 506. Fastolfe, Sir J., 44. Faulkner, Capt. S., 447. Faulknor, Capt. R., 3S9. 548. Faulknor, Capt. J., 492. Faunce, Capt., 52. Favorite, 405. 462. Fay, L., 78. Fayette, Gen., 9. Felicite, 404. Fenwick, Capt., 85. Ferey, Gen., 78. Ferguson, Gen., 211. Ferguson, Capt., 306. Ferozeshah, 374, 375. Ferrand, Gen., 223. Ferris, Capt., 57 . 557. Ferrol, 530. Finnis, Mid. R., 530. Festing, Lt. Colson, 574. Fischer, Lt.-Col., 476. Fisgard, 599. Fishguard, 56. Fisher, Capt.. 358. Fish River, 41. Fisher, Lt.-Col., 129. 185. 187. Fitzhugh, Sir Henry, 48. Fitton, Lt. M., 403. Fleche, 563. 567. Flemish Fleet, 4 54. Fleming, Lt. J., 391. Fletcher, Col., 79. Fleur de Hundred, 10. Flibustier, 594. Flodden, 264. Flora, 496. 544. Flore, 562. Florentine, 454. 457. Floyd, Col., 88. Fly, 406. Fons D’Aronce, 75. Foote, Capt., 513. 522. Forbes, Capt., 44. 48. Forbes, Capt., 118. Forbisher, Sir M., 354. Ford, Commod., 33. Forde, Col., 97. 363. Forey, Gen., 279. Foreland, 532. Foreman, Lt. W., 609. Formidable, 614. Forrest, Capt. F., 533. Forrest, Capt. A., 601.624. Fort Island, 316. Fort Edw’ard, 40. Fort Louis, 44. Fort Royal, 36. Forte, 431. Fortunee, 639. Forster, Capt., 106. 141. 148. Forster, Maj., 26. Forster, Lt., 187. Forster, Capt., 106. Foudroyant, 430. 450. Fowey, 441. 505. Fox, 630. Fox, Commod., 509. Foy, Gen., 55. 59. 182, 183. 211 . 220 . France, Isle of, 630. France, Invasion of, 523. 527. 545. Franchise, 494. Francis, Col., 196. Francisco Redoubt, 8. 14. Francisco, Isle of, 357. Frankland, Capt. T., 417. Fraser, Lt.-Col., 78, 79. 197. Fraser, Maj.-Gen., 79. 341. Fraser, Brig-Gen., 196. Fredericksham, 533. Frederickscoarn, 549. Frelon, 440. French, Capt., 171. French Rock, 239. Freija, 401. French Invasion, 206. 209. Friant, Gen., 73. Frontenac, 251. Fuentesde Onoro,124. 126. Fuller, Gen., 84. Fulierton, Col., 154. 341. Furber, Lt. T., 434. Furet, 429. Furic, 607 . Furieuse, 519. Fumes, 248. G. Gabriel, Lt. W., 501. Gage, 111. 169. Gaiete, 545. Galatea, 401. 487. Galgo, 620. Galiez, Capt., 334. Galle Gederah, 51. Garris, 47. Galway, Earl of, 120. Gambier, Adm. Lord, 58. 262. Gamo, 476. Gardiner, Capt. A., 430. 164. Gardner, Lt., 303. Gardner, Capt. Alan, 613. Gamier, 25. 27. Gaspereau, Fort, 169. Gasquet, Gen., 63. Gave D’Oleron, 49. 56.58. Gawdighur, 368. Gebb, Gen., 34. Gedge, Lt. J., 618. Geils, Maj., 11. Gell, Capt., 416. Gela Nova, 505. Germanstown, 294. George II., 167. 186. George Ford, 303. Georgia, 196. Geriah, 44. 93. General Ernouf, 444. Genereux, 423. Genoa, 440. Ghent, 382. Gheriali, 224. Ghurry Ghauts, 26, 27. Ghuznee, 212. 260. Gibraltar, 16. 124. 352. 532. 570. Gibson, Lt. W., 4S6. Gidoin, Capt. J. L., 596. Gier, 570. Giganta, 474. Gilbert, Gen., 13. 42. 374. Gilchrist, Capt., 57. 77. 448. 596. Gill, Capt., 386. Gillman, Li., 236. Gillespie, Col., 116, 117. 177. 227. 232. 249. 355. 575. Gingee, 96. Gipsv, 589. Giraffe, 674. Girard, Gen., 323. Girardon, Gen., 217. Gisors, 301. Gittings, Lt., 618. Givet, 66. Glassier, Maj., 300. Glatton, 526. Gledstanes, Lt.-Col., 176. Gloire, 435. 458. 463. 579. Glorieux, 458. Glorioso, 589. Gloucester, Duke of, 233. INDEX. 651 Gluckstadt, 387. Godby, Gen., 29. Goddard, Gen., 94. Golden Rock, 280. Goldie, Brig. -Gen., 333. Gonine, 254. Goodwin, 581. Goojerat, 53. Good Hope, Cape of, 19. 256. 274. 394. 573. Goor, Lt.-Gen., 190. Gordon, Col., 175. Gordon, Maj., 60. 108. Gordon, Capt., 4. Gordon, Capt. A., 621. Gordon, Lt. R., 483. Gore, Capt., 63. 595. Goree, 435. Goreham, Lt.-Col., 347. Gosier, 90. Gough, Gen., 13. 42. 53. 149. 372. 374. 381. 618. Gough, Lt.-Col., 383. Gough, Capt., 46. Gowdie, Maj., 208. 311. Grafton, 480. Graham, Gen., 34. 148. 154. 178. 182, 183. Grammont, Duke de, 9. Granby, Marq. of., 181. 388. 203. Grand Cairo, 183. Grande Terre, 104. Grant, Gen., 182. Grant, Lt.-Col., 164. Grant, Capt., 359. Grant, Lt., 90. Grant, Col., 155. Grant, Maj .-Gen., 252, 295. Granville, 520. 573. Grasse, Comte de, 404, 405. 460. 470. 566. Grasshopper, 454. 468. 632. Gravelines, 201. Gravenbrock, 208. Gravenstein, 181. Graves, Capt. T., 336. Graves, Rear-Adm. SirT., 566 Gray, Maj. -Gen., 281. Greene, Gen., 117. 122. 161. 170. 175. 263.475. Gregory, Lt. M., 455. Grenada, 162. Grey de Wilton, Lend., 12 38. 119 Grey, Gen., 43. 60. 110. 2S5. Grey, Sir G., Gen., 84. 103. Grey, Capt., 90. 259. Grey, Maj., 381. Greyhound, 354. Griffin, Maj .-Gen., 259. Grinfield, Gen., 179. Groa, 514. Grondeur, 611. Grueber, Col., 45. Guadaloupe, 25. 37. 103, 104. 107, 112, 113. 122. 187. 390. 413. Guarda, 87. 89. Guelder Malsen, 6. Gudersberg, 16. Guelderland, 486. Gu&pe, 561. Guernsey, 400. Guerrier, 624. Guerriere, 528. 574. Guichen, De, 463. Guilford, 375. Guillaume Tell, 450. Guion, Lt., 392. 400. Guise, Due de, 13. Gurwood, Lt., 20. Gwalior, 36. 225. Gyah, Maunpore, 15. H. Hackinsack, 348. Haddock, Capt, N., 612. Halcyon, 634. Hall, Maj., 116. Hall, Capt. R., 582. Hall, Lt., 502. Halkett, Gen., 175. Halliday, Lt. M., 639. Hallidowne Hill, 207. Halstead, Capt. W., 541. Halstead, Capt., 180. Hamilton, Capt. Sir C. 387. Hamilton, Lt. A., 481. Hamilton, Capt., 589. Hamilton, Capt. E., G03. Hammond, Lt.-Col., 497. Hampshire, New, 8. Hampshire, 598. Hanchett, Capt. H., 584. Hancock, Maj., 91. Handheld, Lt.-Col., 156. Harcourt, Gen., 131 Harcourt, Lt.-Col., 304. Harding, Lt., 90. Hardinge, Capt. G. N. 436, 450. Hardinge, Col., 138. Hardinge, Gen., 372. 374. Hare, Capt., 32. Harfieur, 3. 274. 549. Harispe, Gen., 46, 47. 56. 102 . Harland, Capt. R., 408. Harman. Adml. Sir J.. 494. Harman, Capt., 406. 426. Harmonie, 620. Harold, 305. Hartley, Col., 42. Hartwell, Capt. N., 585. Harper, Cant., 508. Hastings, 305. Hastings, Capt, 3. 390. Hastings, Lt., 353. Hastings, Lt. T., 617. Harrier, 534. Harris, Gen., 87. 118. Harris, Lt. J., 400. Harrington, Lt. W., 423. Harrison, Gen., 23. Harrison, Lt.-Col., 52. Harrison, Maj., 11. Harrison Capt., 407. Harrison, Lt., 353. Harvey, Gen., 98. 138< Harvey, Lt.-Col., 159. Harvey, Capt. J., 498. Harvey, Capt. Hon. A., 159. Havannah, 159. 163. 186. 208. 220. 246. Haviland, Gen., 25. 28. Havik, 415. Havre, 156. 191. 202. Hay, Gen., 106. 206. Hay, Lt. J., 635. Hayes, Capt. J., 410. Hawke, Adml. Sir E., 622. Hawker, Capt. J., 502. Hawkesbury, Lt., 9. Hawkey, Lt. Jos., 520. Hawkins, Lt., 540. Hazard, 546. Hazardous, 620. Head, Col., 86. Heath, Col., 26. Hebe, 565. Hebrus, 448. Hector, 546. Heiden, Rear Adml., 600. Heister, Gen., 251. H elder, 252. Helexem, 205. Hellette, 46. Heligoland, 562. Helpman, Lt. T., 526. Henderson, Maj., 31. Henderson, Capt., 40. Henderson, Capt. W. W. 535. Henderson, Lt. R., 609. Hennah, Lt. W., 621. Henrv IV., 209. Henry V., 2. 19. 163. 180, 193. 233. 274. 317. 536. 545. Henry VI., 47. Henry VIII., 241. 265. 270. Henry, Capt., 120. Hepburn, Capt., 35. Herbert de Burgh, 586. Herbert, Capt. Hon. C., 458. Herbert, Adml., 471. Herbert, Col., 77. Hercule, 466. Hermione, 502. 588. 607. Hernani, 441. Hero, 614. Heron, 538. Heros, 622. 612. Herries, Lt.-Col., 34. Herrings, Battle of, 44. Hereford, Earl of, 37. 143. Hervey, Maj., 134. Herqui, 443. Hespen, 205. Hesse, Prince of, 532. Heureux, 396. 434. Hewett, Lt., 129. Hewett, Maj., 19. Hicks, Gen., 29. Hicks, Capt., 532. Higginson, Lt., 303. Hill. Gen., 17. 46, 47. 49. 59. 63. 134. 141. 178, 214. 217. 222. 241. 287. 323. 338. 362. Hill, Capt., 47. Hillsborough, 341. 652 INDEX. Hillyar, Capt. J., 487. 564. Hinglaisghur, Fort, 191. Hinuber, Gen., 106. Hirondelle, 443 . 538. Hislop, Gen., 60. 374. Hobkirk, 17. Hoche, 593. Hodgkin, Sub-Lt., 468. Hodgson, Gen., 114. 135. 159. Hodgson, Capt.. 42. Hogue, La, 485. 487. Holkar, 15. 376. Holmedon Hill, 270. Holmes, Lt., 29. Holmes, Sir R., 544. Holloway, Capt., Home, Capt. R., 515. Homspech, Lt.-Col., 34. Honner, Capt., 51. Hood, Rear Adml. Sir S., 404, 405. 464. 470. Hood, Capt. Sami., 393. 425. 558. 579. Hood, Capt. Alex., 403. 466. 481. Hood, Commod. Sir Sam., 475. Hood, Rear Adml. Sir Sam., 641. Hood, Col., 13. Hood, Lt. S. T., 483. 505. Hoogly, 1 1 . Hopkins, Capt., 95. Hope, Gen., 16.55. 82. 106. 179. 362. Hope, CaptH. ., 396. Hope, Lt. D., 402. Hopson, Gen., 25. Hopson, Vice- Adml., 592. Horatio, 415. 425. Hormillas, 163. Hoste, Capt. W., 440. 480. Hotham, Adml., 439, 440. 524. Hotspur, 309. 568. Houghton, Gen., 133. How, Lt. T., 620. Howard, Maj.-Gen., 141. Howard, Lt. H., 151. Howat, 194. Howe, Capt. Visct., 622. Howe, Commod. Hon. R., 157. 501, 502. 542. Howe, Adml. Lord, 494. 497. Howe, Gen., 184. 251. 272, 273. 323. 360. Howe, Col., 269. Howell, Lt., 303. Huebra, 345. Hughes, Vice-Adml. Sir, E., II. 324. 393. 421,422. 460. 510. 518. 503. Hughes, Maj., 100. Hughes, Br.-Maj., 62. Hughes, Capt. R., 625. Humbert, Gen., 259. Hunt, Capt. J., 391. Hunt, Lt. H., 442. 617. Hunter, Capt., 70. Hunter, Lt., 109. Hurriarpore, 62. Hurst, Lt. G., 617. Hussar, 391. 402. 453. 484. 621. 624. Hutchins, Capt. S., 475. Hutchinson, Maj.-Gen., 112. 131. Hutchinson, Lt.-Gen., 139. 186. 297. Hutt, Capt., 498. Hyat, Sahib, 29. Hvder, Ali, 22. 189. 286. 294. Hyderghur, 28. Hyeres, 524. Hydra, 543. I. Imlach, Col., 76. 90. Immortalite, 599. Imperieuse, 390. Impetueux, 498. 572. Implacable, 520. 558. Inconstant, 465. Inconstante, 625. Indefatigable, Infatigable, 579. Indienne, 460. Inglis, Capt, R., 64. Inglis, Charles, 633. Inglis, Lt.-Col., 138. Inkermann, 331. Innis, 4. Intrepide, 629. Invincible, 404. 473. 484. Irresistible, 469. Iris, 387. 502. 481. 544. Irving, Capt., 59. Irwin, Maj., 70. Irwin, Capt., 334. Iphigenie, 398. 400. 631. Irois, Fort, 112. Isaac, Lt., 36. Isis, 451. Italienne, 427. lvry, 238. J. Jamaica, 477. Jackson, Maj., 50. James II., 188. James IV., 264. James, Commod., 93. Jamestown, 195. Jamieson, Capt., 113. Janssens, Gen., 8,9. 18.227. Jason, 405. 466. 473. 514. Jellalabad, 31. 71. 85. 99. Jenkins, Lt., 34. Jenkins, Capt., 54. Jenkins, Lt. G., 638. Jennings, Sir J., 513. Jersey Invaded, 6. 122. Jerusalem, 203. Jeune Louise, 617. Jervis, Capt. J., 465. Jervis, Adm. Sir J., 418. John, King, 276. Johnson, Maj., 162. Johnson, Lt.-Col., 263. Johnson, Capt. R., 573. Johnstone, Commod. G., 462. Johnstone, Lt. J., 571. Jones, Capt., 36. Jones, Lt., 2. Jones, Lt. T., 509. Joseph, King, 164. Jourdan, Marshal, 178. Joyeuse, Adm., 494. 497. Junot, Gen., 244. June 1., Battle of, 497. Juno, 393. 407. Junon, 415. 509. 536. Justice, Capt., 77. 90. Juwud, 30. K. Kairee, 46. Kangaroo, 596. Keane, Maj.-Gen., 212. Keating, Lt. - Col, 120. 124. 140. 197. 520. Keene, Lt., 161. Kein, Maj.-Gen., 87. Keith, Maj., 7. Keith, Adm. Lord, 68. 436. Kelby, Lt., 249. Kellett, Lt., 360. 636. Kellerman, Gen.. 173. 245. Kelly, Lt.-Col., 164. 232. 249. Kemmendine, 163. 353. 359. Kempt, Lt.-Col., 193. Kempt, Maj.-Gen., 85. 98. 300. 341. 364. Kempthorne, Capt. J.,596. Kempthorne, Capt., 569. Kennedy, Lt.-Col., 47. 71. Kennett, 46. Keppel, Commod., 114. 159. Keppel, Adm., 534. Kerkelie, Sir R., 233. Kerr, Sir W. G., Maj.- Gen., 45. 46. Kerr, Lt., 61. 554. Khyber Pass, 96. Killegrew, Commod., 405. King, Capt. R., 607. Kingfisher, 392. 409. Kingston, 306. Kinion, Lt., 87. Kirkee, 329. 331. Kirch, Denekern, 203. 205. Kistnagherry, 199. 336. Knell, Lt. W., 440. Knight, Lt. H., 549. Knox, Capt., 98. Knox, Brig. -Gen., 77. 146. 161, 162. Knowles, Rear-Adm., 68. 584. Knowles, Capt.. 146. Knvphausen, Gen., 158. 360. Kurnella, 22. Kurrachee, 34. Laborde, Gen., 134. 238. La Clue, Adm., 552. Laforey, Vice- Adm., 107. Laforey, Capt., 494. 496. 534. Lagosta, 30. La Hogue, 485. 487. Lady Nelson, 639. Lake, Gen., 234. 242. 260. 267. 284. 327. 376. Lallemand, Gen., 214. Lally, Gen., 15. 22, 23. Lamba, 77. Lambert, Brig..Gen., 114. Lambert, Maj.-Gen., 43. 102 . Lambert, Capt. H., 420. Lamotte, Gen., 137. Lamproie, 611. Landrecy, 109. Lane, Lt. H., 407. Lane, Maj., 71. Lang, Col., 10. 93. Langara, Adm., 397. Langdon, Capt. W., 601. Langford, Capt. G., 432. Languilla, 478. Langworth, Gen., 218. Lanier, Gen., 225. Lanusse, Gen., 73. 82. Lapisse, Gen., 218. Lapwing, 625. Lark, 505. 571. Laroche, Capt., 13. Laroche Darien, 177. La Serna, 212. Laswarree, 327. Las Rozas, 235. Latona, 415. La Touche, Capt., 142. Latour Maubourg, Gen., 86 . La Yaudour, 523. Lavie, Capt. T., 528. Law, Gen., 155. Lawrence, Gen., 160. 251. 280. Lawrence, Maj., 4. 9. 169. 239. 326. Lawrence, Capt. J., 470, Lawrie, Capt. Sir R., 426. Lawson, Adm., 500. Leake, Adm. Sir J., 438. Leander, 400. 426. Lechmere, Capt. E., 397. Le Cor, Gen., 68. Lee, Col., 161. 295. Lefebre, Gen., 380. L£gere, 508. Le Hunte, Lt., 42. Leicester, Earl of, 152. Leith, 119. 165. Leith, Gen., 287. Leland, Maj., 25. Le Marchant, Gen., 103. 207. 211. Lemmertown, 303. Lemoine, Lt., 343. Lendrick, Lt. J., 546. Lennock, Capt. G., 517. Lenox, 464. Leocadia, 472. INDEX. Leslie, Lt.-Col., 527. Leslie, Maj.-Gen., 75. Leviathan, 457. Lewis, Maj., 269. Lewis, Lt. J., 555. Lexington, 575. Liardet, Capt., 358. Libre, 640. Lighton, Capt. T., 505. Ligonier, Sir J., 291. Liguria, 542. Ligurienne, 444. Limero, 578. Limmen, 297. Lincelles, 242. Lincoln, 140. Lincoln, Gen., 177. Lind, Capt., 573. Lindsay, Lt.-Col., 13. Lindsay, Capt., 62. 154. Lindsey, Capt., 388. Linois, Rear-Adm., 518. Linnet, 398. Linzee, Capt. J. H., 405. Lion, 450.463. 521 . 526. 613. Lisle, 262. 266. 315. 361. Lissa, 440. Little, Lt. J.. 468. 581. Littler, Maj.-Gen., 372. 374. 381. Lively, 439. Livingstone, Capt. Sir T., 632. Lizard, 585. Llerena, 103. Lloyd, Capt. R., 629. Lobau, Gen., 171. 175. Loch, Capt., G., 417. Lockhart, Lord, 183. Lockhart, Capt., 612. Lockyer, Capt. N., 635. Lodi, 523. Logan, Lt.-Col., 51. Loggie, Capt. J., 548. Loire, 411.499, 500. 551. 595. 598. 637. 640. Loison, Gen., 125, 126. 138. 241. London, 440. Long, Maj.-Gen., 214. Long, Capt., 203 572. Long, Lt., 470. Long Island, 251. Longueville, Due de, 241. Looe, 514. Losack, Capt. W.,487. Losberg, Gen., 253. Lottery, 414. Lotum, Count, 188. Louis, Prince, 190. Louisbourg, 121. 160. 166. 198. 215. Lovelace, Lt., R. A., 396. Lowestoffe, 512. Lucan, Lt., 151. Lucan, Maj.-Gen., Earl of, 279. 319. Lucas, R.-Adm., 551. Lucas, Lt. M. R., 490. Lucas, Maj., 42. Ludlow, Maj.-Gen., 68. Ludlow Castle, 642. Lumsdaine, Capt. G., 481. 653 Lumley, Gen., 190, 208. Lundie Nowah, 4. Luttrell, Capt. J. 633. Luxembourg, Due de, 225. 230. Lydiard, Lt. C., 504. Lydiard, Capt. C., 385, 386. Lyme, 397. Lynn Haven, 566. Lyon, Maj., 44. Lyons, Lt. E., 536. Lyons, R. A., Sir E., 597. M. Maadre, 73. M‘Auley Lt., 54. M'Caskill, Gen., 370. M‘Cowan’s Ford, 32. M‘Curdy, Lt.,475. M Dermeitt, Lt. J., 519. M‘Donald, Maj., 54. M^onnell, Capt., 272. M‘Donnell, Maj., 13. M‘Donnell, Lt.-Col., 123. M'Dowall, Col., 93. 117. 140. M Dowall, Gen., 51. M'Kenzie, Capt., 270. M‘Kerlie, Capt., 608. M‘Kerven, Capt., 41. M‘Kinnon, Capt., 127. M‘Lean, Lt., 144. M‘Leod, Col., 13. 49. M‘Leod, Maj., 78. M‘Murdough, Lt., 50. M‘Naghten, Sir W., 329. M‘Pherson, Maj., 22. Macao Fort. 438. Macbride, Capt. J., 547. 629. Macdonald, Lt.-Col., 179. Maclaren, Col., 63. Mackay, Lt., 179. 196. Mackay, Gen., 225. Mackenzie, Lt.-Col., 115. 215. 255. Mackenzie, Gen., 218. Mackie, Lt., 20. Mackinnon, Gen., 20. Mackinnon, Lt., 399. Macmorice, Lt.-Col., 4. Macnamara, Capt. J., 503. 583. Macpherson, Maj., 64. Madagascar, 487. Madeira, 641. Madras, 122. Magicienne, 386. 563. Magnanime, 408. 438. Mahdapatam, 313. Mahe. 41. Mahedpore, 373. Machault, 385. Mahonesa, 593. Maida, 192. Maidstone, 613. Mainwaring, Capt. J. 532. Maitland, Capt. F. L., 551. 640. 654 INDEX, Maitland, Maj., 129. Maitland, Capt., 64. Maitland, Lt.-Col.,,, 177. Maitland, Maj .-Gen., 84, Majestic, 410. Malabar, 386. Malaga, 547. Malasanky 18. Malcolm, Col., 183. 476. Malplaquet, 266. Malta, 260. Malvelly, 87. Mamelouck, 631. Manby, Capt. T., 406. Mangalore, 193. 631. Manilla, 567. Manly, 386. Mankaiseer, 37. Mann, Capt.. 427. 434. Manners. Maj., 20. Mansell, Maj. -Gen., 18. Maples, Lt. J., 455. Maples, Capt. F„ 549. Marabout, 244. 247. Maharajpore, 380. Maraudeur, 631. Marcouf, 477. Marengo, 439. 573. Maria, 505. 598. Marinello, 594. Marke, Castle of, 205. Marlborough, 119. 144. 157. 181, 182. 187. 190. 194. 205. 222. 227. 236. 242. 253. 257. 262. 266. 271. 253. 294. 335. 501. Marmont, Marshal, 344. Marques, Col., 8. Marrack, Fort, 536. Mars, 409, 410. 466. 536. 592. Marshall, Capt., 507. Martin, Capt. G., 469. Martin, T. B. 503. 558. 599. Martindale, Col., 45. Martinique, 25. 31. 37— 39. 41. 43, 44. 48. 57. 84.427. Mason, Capt. G., 638. Massena, 126. 287. Massey, Lt.-Col., 213. Mather, Lt. M., 491. Matilda, Fort, 114. Matthews, Gen., 26. 28, 29. 46. 69. 192. Matthews, Adm., 416. Maucune, Gen., 12?. Maughan, Lt., 477. MaunselJ, Capt. R., 537. Maurice, Capt. W., 447. Maurice, Prince, 24. Mawhood, Lt.-Col., 77. Maxwell, Lt.-Col., 38. 325. 336. Maxwell, Lt. K., 529. Maxwell, Maj., 525. Maxwell, Capt. M., 627. May, Battle of 29th. May, Capt., 30. Maya, 214. Mayne, Lt., 31. Mayne, Capt. C. 464. Mead, Capt. J., 441. Meadows, Gen., 38. 636. Meanee, 49. Meaux, 123. Medea, 586. Medee, 575. Mediator, 420. 459. 633. Melampe, 448. 612. Melampus, 493. 594. Melpomene, 471. 480. Melville, Lt.-Col., 158. Menagere, 633. Menin, 242. 248. 272. 313. Menon, Gen., 81. 240. Menschikoff, Prince, 319. Mercedes, 502. Mercury, 454. 491. Merexem, 34. Merguion, 231. Mermaid, 543. 593. 595. Messina, 311. Meulan, 325. Mighells, Vice-Adm., 301. 583. Mignonne, 443. Milbrook, 619. Milford, 434. 640. Miller, Col., 61. Miller, Capt. Geo., 637. Milles, Capt., 164. Milne, Capt. D., 514. 554. Milne, Lt.-Gen., 554. Minden, 223. Minerva, 389. 403. Minerve, 482. 512. 579. 638. Minorca, 342. Minotaur, 494. Mitchell, Vice-Adm., 562. Mitchell, Capt., 162. Mitchell, Lt., 144. 151. Modeste, 552. Mohammed, Dost, 329. Mol tan, 189. Monachin, 3. Monasterio, 304. Monckton, Lt.-Gen., 25. 27. 48. Monckton, Lt.-Col., 169. Mondeuille, 26. Mondovi, 482. Moneypenny, Capt., 256. Mongheer, 302. 326. 329. 334. Monk, Gen., 544. Monmouth, 430. Mons, 284. 2S9. 307. 316. Monson, Col., 266. 341. Monson, Maj., 7*2. 89. Manson, Brig.-Gen., 91. Montagu, Lt. J. W., 513. Montagu, Capt., 572. Montagu, Capt. G., 583. 630. Montagu, Capt., 12. Mont Blanc, 614. Montbrun, Gen., 127. Montcalm, Gen., 269. Montereau, 193. Monte Video, 21. 208. Monteith, Lt.-Col., 99. Montgomery, Fort, 296. Montgomery, Lt.-Col., 154. Montgomery, Maj., 251. Montjuich, 183. Montreal, 263. Montressor, Col., 67. Montressor, Capt. H., 635. Moodkee, 371. Moore, Gen., 16. 68. 82. 120. 146. Moore. Lt.-Col., 42. 48. 109. 206. Moore, Capt. Graham, 586. Moore, Capt., 162. Moosa Fort, 1 52. Moose Island, 200. Mootejil, 213. Morai Row, S. Morales, 154. Morehouse, Lt.-Col., 282. Morgan, Adm.. 14. Morgion, 449. 572. Morne, Chabot, 120. Morne, Duchassau, 121. Morne, Forcunee, 179. Morne, Mascot, 187. Morris, Gen., 17. Morris, Lt.-Col., 141.265. Morrison, M., Gen., 87. Morrison, Lt.-Col., 339. Mortlock, Capt., 388. Mounsey, Capt. W., 519. Mount Pelham, 165. Moyston, Maj. -Gen., 157. Muckwampore, 60. Mud Island, 345. Mulcaster, Lt. 12. 523. Mulcaster, Capt., 129. 476. Mulwalgul, 199. Mullah, Lt., 538. Munhara, 34. Munroe, Gen., 22. 36. 260. Munroe, Lt . 197. Munsurpet, 346. Muriel, 316. Murrav, Gen., 56. 67. 105. 139. 157. 159. Murray, Col., 60. Murray, Maj., 198. Murray, Capt., 70, 114. Musgrave, Lt.-Col., 295. 310. Musulapatam, 98. Mutine, 464. Muvzenburg, 231. Myers, Lt.-Col., 44. Myers, Gen., 138. N. Nagle, Capt. Edmd., 601. Nagle, Lt. E., 556. Nagpore, 369. Naiad, 555. 577. Najara, 94. Namur, 196. 205. 212. 243. 256. Napanee, Fort, 52. 53. Napier, Maj .-Gen. Sir C., 49. 85. Napier. Lt.-Col., 183. 201. Napier, Maj., 15. 20. 123. Napier, Capt. C., 463. 482. 566. 581. 611. Napier, Lt., 595. Napoleon, 171. Napoleon, Fort, 141. Naseby, 156. Nazer, Lt.-Col., 414. Navarino, 599. Neale, Capt. Sir H., 437.458. Nearque, 448. Necessity, 425. Negapatam, 324. 338. Negombo, 37. Nelson, Commod.199. 419. 468. 638. Nelson, Capt. H., 100. Nelson, Vice-Adm., 451. Nelson, Rear-Adm., 516. 538. Nemiow, 356. Neptune, 546. 590. Neptuno, 554. 634. Nereide, 471. 491. 638. Nesbit, Brig.-Gen., 161. Neville, Lt. M., 529. Nevil’s Cross, 308. Newbury, 277. 321. Newfoundland, 274. 522. Newhaven, 200. New London, 261. Newman, Capt. N., 411 Newman, Capt. J. N., 595. New Orleans, 377. New Providence, 110. Newsom, Capt., 588. New York, 272. Ney, Marshal, 72. Niagara Fort, 372. Nicaragua, 417. Nicholas, Capt. R.,97. 408. Nicholls, Brig.-Gen., 85. 162. Nicholls, Maj.- Gen. ,19.176. Nicholls, Lt.-Col., 17. Nicholson, Col., 290. Nicolas, Capt. T., 482. 508. 533. 567. Nicolas, Lt. W. K. 508. Nicolls, Capt. E., 485. 512. Niemen, 456. Nieuport, 189. 316. Niger, 390. Nightingale, Gen., 71. Nile, 538. Nimeguen, 530. Ninety-Six, 144. 161. 176. Ninfa, 469. Nisus, 633. Nive, 362. 364—366. Nivelle, 337. 340. Noble, Lt., 469. Noli, 540. Nonsuch, 446. 525. Norbury, Capt. C., 598. Norcott, Maj. 279. Norman, Lt. G. R., 548. Normande, 611. Normandy, Duke of, 305. Norris, Gen., 152. 354. 515. North River, 273. 346. Northumberland, 488.498. Northumberland, Earl of, 250. Norton, Lt.-Col., 34. Norton, Capt., 186. INDEX. Norton, Lt.-G., 562. Nottingham, 408. 500. Nourrice, 472. Nugent, Lt.-Col., 301. Nuggar, 57. Nukye, 93. Nundy, 311. Nundy Durgum, 310. Nymphe, 437. 500. 544. O. Oakes, Brig.-Gen., 820, Oates, Capt., 86. Obidos, 238. O’Brien, Lt., 390. 562. O’Callaghan, Col., 47. Ocean, 582. Ochterlony, Gen., 60. Ochterlony, Col.. 341. Ocrakoke, 201. O’Donaghue, Col., 68. Odessa, 467. Ogdensburg, 54. Ogilvie, Brig.-Gen., 35. Ogilvie, Maj., 159. Oglethorpe, Gen. ,61. 152. 196. O’Halloran, Lt.-Col., 62. O’Halloran, Lt., J51. O’Hara, Gen., 33. 75. O’Hara, Col., 299. O’Leary, Lt., 62. Oiseau, 405. 408. 554. Oldfield, Capt., 671. Oldfield, Maj., 457. Oliphant, Sir W., 208. Olivenza, 108. Oliver, Capt. R.D., 535. Omerkan, 22. Onore, 5. Onslow, Vice-Adm., 591. Onslow, Capt. R., 642. Onyx, 386. Ootradroog, 376, 377. Opdarn, Adm., 500. Orange, Prince of, 168.267. Oreposo, 504. Oreste, 394. Orestes, 609. Orford, 464. Oriflamme, 451. Orleans, siege of, 44. Ormond, Duke of, 303. Orphee, 420. Orpheus, 474. Orthes, 59. Ortona, 417. Osborne, Adm., 430. Osprey, 446. Ossoor, Fort, 199. Ostenburg,Fort, 416. Ostend, 7. 182. 194. Ostrich, 520. Oswald, Brig.-Gen., 8. Oswald, Maj., 82. 206. Oswego, 128. 192. 476. Otto, Lt.-Gen., 117. 131. Otway, Col., 86. Otway, Capt., R. W., 491. 543. Oude, Nabob of, 314. 655 Oudenarde, 187. Oullagary, 266. Ourry, Lt. J., 588, Outram, Maj., 342. 356. Outremaloor, 23. Owen, Lt.-Col.J.,441. Owen, Capt., 478. Owen, Lt. J., 632. P. Pack, Gen., 20. 211. Pagahm Mew, 41. Paget, 16. 82. 133. Paget, Lt.-Col. Lord, 293. 373. 378. 380. Paget, Capt. W., 507. Paisley, Lt., 563. Pakenham, Gen. ,179. 211. 221 . Pakenham, Lt.-Col., 85. Pakenham, Capt. Hon. T., 496. Paieinbang, 116, 117. Palinure, 610. Palinuro, 327. 611. Pallas, 411. 482. 534. Pallee, 40. Palliser, Lt. Hugh, 588. Palliser, Lt. Wray, 598. Palliser, Capt., 275. Palmer, Capt. E., 448. Palmer, Lt. W., 387. Palmiste, 112. Paloor Fort, 281. Panama, 14. Papillon, 637. Parenza, 475. Paris, Gen., 49. Parker, Capt. W., 38. 440. Parker, Lt. W., 474. Parker, Lt. R. W., 476. Parker, Capt. H., 521. Parker, Vice- Adm. H., 541. Parker, Adm. Sir H., 451. Pasley, 609. Pasley, Rear-Adm., 498. Pasley, Lt., 529. Patna, 208. Patterson, Col., 344. Patterson, Capt., 114. Pattle, Col., 50. Patria, 54. Paulet, Lord H., 48. Paulghaut, 341. Paulghautcherry, 282. Paumier, Capt., 44. Payne, Capt. J. W., 400. Paz, 564. Peachey, Lt. F., 399. Pearl, 572. 583. Pearse, Ensign, 144. Pearse, Col., 247. Pearse, Capt. H. W., 634. Pearson, Capt., 90. Pechell, Capt. S. J., 402. Pedlar, 113. Peebles, Lt. F., 486. Pegase, 465. Pelican, 470. 549. 574. 578. Pell, Lt. W. O., 568. 590. Pell’s Point, 309. 656 INDEX. Pellew, Capt. Sir E., 394. 466. 470. 5C6. 508. Pembroke, Lord, 204. 233. Pendegrast, Col., 198. 234. Penelope, 750. 625. Pengelly, Lt. J.,439. 641. Penn, Vice-Adm., 477. Pennefather, Col., 50. Pennefather, Maj.-Gen., 280. Pennington, Lt.-Col., 35. Pennington, Maj.-Gen., 331. Pensee, 532. Pepper, Col., 3. Pepperell, Col., 166. Perambaucum, 260. Perche, Gen.. 141. Percie, H., 209. Percy, Gen. Lord, 112.344. Perdrix, 632. Perigort Comte de, 232. Permacoil, 65. Persanne, 627. Perse, Lt., 87. Peterel, 414. Petit, Capt., 299. Phaeton, 447. 609. Phoebe, 423. 449. 487. 638. Phoenix, 397. 480. 545. 622. 628. Phelipeaux Col.. 456. Philadelphia, 286. Philimore, Capt. Sir J., 428. Philip, King, 250. Philippa, Queen, 226. Philips, Capt., 48. 222. Philips, Lt. J. R., 573. Phillott, Lt. G. R., 559. Phipps, 621. Picton, Gen., 9. 59. 79. 97. 102. 168. 172. 221. Piemontaise, 436. 522. Pierrepoint, Capt. H., 392. Pierrepoint, Capt. W., 597. Pierson, Maj., 6. Pietra Neira, 47. Pigot, Gen., 169. Pigot, Capt., 45. 118. 465. 610. Pilch, Lt. R., 509. 519. . Pilot, 482. 491. 508. 533. 567. Pinagra, 326. Pinkey, 265. Pipon, Lt. P.. 554. 611. Pique, 389. 447. 514. Planosa, 543. Plassey, 180. Plenderleath, 159. Plumridge, Lt. J. H., 480. Pocock, Vice-Adm., 568. Point Levi, 45. Pointe du Che, 581. Pointis, Adm. De, 570. Poitiers, 275. Pole, Capt. C. M„ 441. Polkinghorne, Lt.J., 453. Pollock, Maj.-Gen., 96. 248. 268. Polly, 520. Poison, Lt.-Col., 100. 116. Polyphemus, 640. Porabal, 71. Pomona, 556. Pomone, 391. 449. 468. 472. 541. 627. Pompee, 462. Pondicherrv, 15. 45. 247. 255. 291. 308. Ponsonby, Lt.-Col. F., 304. - Ponsonby, Col., 66. 164. Ponsonby, Gen., 172. Ponte Vedra, 306. Ponza, 428. Poole, Lt., 77. Poornia, Nabob of, 146. Popham, Col., 142. Popham, Capt., 129. 225. 617. Port D’Anzo, 522. 586. Port au Prince, 156. Port Hercule, 517. Port Lemo, 562. Port Louis, 435. Port Navalo, 621. Port Nouvelle, 617. Porta Cceli, 446. Portland, 414. 475. Portlock, Capt. N., 570. Porto Bello, 38. 623. Porto Cavallo, 97. 309. Porto Ferrajo, 199. Porto Novo, 189. Porto Praya, 463. Positanc, 592. Powerful, 630. Pownall, Capt. P., 403. 488. 506. Poyntz, Capt. S., 624. Pratt, Maj., 146. Pratt; Lt. G., 635. Prendegast, Lt., 70. Preneuse, 576. 632. Preston, 340. Preston, Capt., 3. Preston, Capt. D’Arcy, | 638. Preston, Col., 62. j Prevost, Gen., 33. 253. Prevost, Lt.-Col., 64. 159. Prevost, Capt. H., 533. i Prevoyante, 484. i Price, Lt. David, 553. 1 Price, Lt. C. P., 477. Price, Lt. G., 522. 588. Prieur, Lt. P., 462. Prima, 486. Princess Augusta, 476. Princess Caroline, 642. Princeza, 464. Prindts Christian Frede- rick, 445. Pringle, Gen., 47. 214. Pritchard, Lt., 115. Prith, Lt.-Col., 21. Pritzler, Gen., 9. 63. 132. Proby, Capt. C., 527. Procris, 537. Procter, Lt. P., 415. Procter, Col., 23. Prother, Lt.-Col., 132. Prothers, Lt.-Col., 22. 40. 46. 75. Prudent, 534. Prudente, 415, 459. 580. Prussia, Prince F. of, 181. PugliSse, 568. Pulling, Capt. J. K., 554. Pultney, 641. Pultusk, 633. Pun alia, 356. Puniar, 381. Purcell, Capt. J., 641. Putman, Gen., 252. Pym, Lt., 397. Q. Quatre Bras, 167. Quebec, 128. 139. 269. 275. 587. 617. Quesnoy, 267. Quibble Town, 184. Quin, Lt. M„ 639. Quintius Bridge, 77. R. Racoon, 523. 594. 629. Raglan, Gen. Lord, 271. 333. Ragosniza, 534. Rahmanie, 131. Railleur, 386. Rainbow, 566. Rainier, Rear-Adm., 48. 68 . Rainier, Capt. P., 300. 520. 598. Rairee, 45. Raison, 484. Raisonnable, 494. Raleigh, 565. Ramilies, 144. Ramnadaporam, 93. Rampoora, 10. Ramsay, Capt. V., 127. Randolph, 435. Rangoon, 356. Rantzan, Maj.-Gen., 187. Raposa, 391. Ras-al-Khyma, 619. Rattlesnake, 440. 576. Rawdon, Gen. Lord, 19. 170. 176. 240. Rawlins, Capt., 484. Rayacotta, 208. Rayas, 176. Rea, Capt. A., 478. Recluse, 481. Recovery, 464. Recruit, 566. Redinha, 72. Redoutable, 552. Redwing, 477. Reggio, Vice-Adm., 584. Reille, Gen., 164. 179.214. 219. 224. Renard, 444. 492. 507. Renaud. Adm.. 471. Renommee, 487. 570. Reolaise, 621. Republicain 557. Republicaine, 593. Resistance, 437. Resolue, 594. Resource, 465. 608. 622. Retiro, The, 237. Revanche, 428. 464. 492. 629. Revolutionnaire, 461. 495. 601. Reynell, Gen., 19. Reynier, Gen., 192. Reynolds, Lt., 57. Reynolds, Lt. R. C.,410. Reynolds, Capt. R. C.,394. Reunion, 599. Rhin, 535. Rhode Island, 362. Ribadeo, 573. Ribera, 213. Richard II., 136. Richard III., 129. 200.246. Richards, Brig.-Gen., 90. Richards, Lt. W., 617. Richardson, Lt. W., 479. Richardson, Capt. C., 557. Richmond, 404. Ricketts, Capt., 43. Ridge, Maj. 20. Ridge, Col. 97. Rigaud, Gen., 112. Rigny, R.-Adm. De, 600. Rinaldo, 637. Rippon, 606. Ristnagherry, 124. Rivett, Col., 124. Riviere du Raisin 23. Riviere Noire, 549. Rivoli, 425. 471. Roarree, 75. Roberts, Capt. S., 635. Roberts, Capt., ‘206. Roberts, Lt. M., 491. Robertson, Lt.- Col., 30. 35. 199. Robertson, Gen., 158. Robertson, Capt., 50. J85. Robertson, Lt., 144. 486. 596. Robertson, Lt. P., 348. Robinson, Lt.-Col., 297. Robinson, Gen., 255. Rodney, A dm., 392. 397. 460. 463. Rogers, Lt., 144. Rogers, Capt. W., 585. Roize, Gen., 82. Rolancourt, Gen., 6. Rollo, Gen. Lord, 157. Romney, 507.515. 633.640. Roncesvalles, 214. Ronco, 472. Roney, Lt., 144. Rooke, Adm Sir G., 303. 532. 547. 592. Rorica, 241. Rosamond, 637. Rosario, 631. Rosas, 611. Rose, 393. 417. 582. Rose, Capt., 51. 68. 75. Rosetta, 99. Ross, Gen., 59. 248. 268. 353 Ross, Col., 193. 214. INDEX. Ross, Maj., 165. 187. Ross, Capt., 447. Ross, Lt. W., 464. Rotterdam, 389. Rouen, 19. Rousalier, 128. Rousseau, Gen., 66. Rovigno, 451. 540. 562. Rowley, Rear- Adm., 639, 640. Rowley, Capt. C., 626. Rowley, Capt. B. S., 465. 625. Rowley, Capt. J. 520. 575. Royalist, 606. 641. Rubis, 473. Ruby, 553. 630. Rudd, Capt., 86. Rufane, Gen., 25. Ruffin, Gen., 66. 217. Runjoor, Singh, 29. Rupert, Prince, 494. 546. Ruse, 641. Rushworth, Capt. E., 565 Russaulghur, 71. Russel, Adm., 202. 485. Russel, Capt. T. M„ 402. Russell, Lt. W., 482. Russell, 589. Ruthven, Capt. Hon. J., 613. Ryddel, Capt., 484. S. St. Albans, 415. St. Amand, 30. St. Anne, 501. St. Arnaud, Marshal, 271. St. Aubert, 230. St. Augustine, 152. Sta. Brigida, 595. Sta. Catalina, 441. St. Christopher’s, 177. 202, 203. St. Cloud, 336. Ste. Croix, Isle of, 640. Ste. Croix, Gen.. 159. St. David, Fort, 272. 284. St. Domingo, 1. 34. 234. 412. 627. Sta. Dorotea, 526. St. Elmo, 201. St. Estevan, 15, 16. St. Eustatia, 14. 35. St. Fernando de Ormoa, 312. St. John’s, 89. 270. 272. St. Leger, Lt.-Col., 42. St. Leger, Gen., 159. 273. Ste. Lucie, 119, 120. 123. 146. 148. 178. 367, 368. 370. 382. 636. St. Malo, 157. 502.517. 621. Sta. Margaritta, 503. 536. 618. St. Martin, 20. 24. 31. 37 .,84. Sta. Monica, 572. St. Pierre, Eustace, 226. 367. t St. Quentin, 223. St. Sebastian, 255. 264. 657 Sta. Teresa, 413. St. Thomas, 639. St. Vincent, 418. St. Vincente, Fort, 418. Sabina, 638. Sabugal, 94. Sackville, Gen., 159. 223. Safo, 588. Sahagun, 373. Sale, Gen., 31. 85. 99. 358. 372. Salisbury, 633. Salisbury, Earl of, 44. Salter, Lt.-Col., 328. Salter, Capt. E.. 536. 621. Saltoun, Col., 172. Samiaveram, 107. San Bartolomew, Convent of, 206. “'San Carlos, 633. San Felices, 78. San Fiorenzo, 420.436.458 San Josef, 563. 609. 632. San Miguel, 590. San Millan, 170. Sanders, Capt., 425. Sandwich, Earl of, 494. Sans Pareil, 498. Santa Cruz. 13. Santa Maura, 82. 109. 463. Sappho, 432. Sasnee, 3. Savoy, Duke of, 233. 262. Saumarez, Capt. 590. 599. Saumarez, Rear-Adm., 518. 523. Sawyer, Capt. H., 488. Sayer, Capt., 186. Scarlett, Brig.-Gen., 319. Scharles, 436. Schellenberg, 190. Schelling, 544. Schomberg, Capt. C. M., 487. Schonevelt, 494. Schultz, Gen., 145. Scipion, 614. Scorpion, 394. 450. 596. Scotland, Lt., 324. Scott, Capt., 57. 352. 377. 415. 425. Scott* Maj., 68. Scott, Lt.-Col., 25. Scott, Lt. J. W., 576. Scourge, 439. Scriven, Lt. T., 594. Scylla, 478. 606. Seahorse, 513. 517. Sealark, 529. Searle, Capt. T., 468. Searle, Capt. J. C., 578. Searle, Lt T., 624. Sebastopol, 321. 348. 396. Sedghur, 76. Seerdasser, 66. Seetabaldee, 351. Seine, 514. 554. 637. Semillante, 492. Semiramis, 557. Senegal, 387. 525. 612. Senhouse. Capt., 5. Senhouse, Commod., 149 Sens, 168. U U 658 INDEX. Sensible, 513. Sereenuggar, 4. Seringapatam, 38, 39. 50, 51. 108. 118. 225. Serndilla‘77. Severndroog, 93. 373. Sewell, Maj., 58. Sewolod, 558. Seyer, Lt. D. R., 449. Seyer, Mid., 611. Seymour, Vice-Adm. H., 243. Seymour, Capt. M., 456. 617. Shallapore, 136. Shannon, 498. Shaw, Capt., 86. 472. Shaw, Lt. J., 449. Shenaz, 4. Shere Singh, 53. Sherlock, Maj., 334. Sherlock, Lt. C., 126. Shipley, Capt., 447. Shippard, Lt. Alex., 610. Shirley, Lt.-Col., 395. Shortland, Lt. T. G„ 541. Shortland, Lt.-Gen., 133, 134. Shovel, Lt. C., 395. Shovel, Sir C., 5i5. Shrewsbury, 209. Shrewsbury, Earl of, 314. Sibly, Capt. E., 507. 574. Sibly, Lt., 526. Sidon, 581. Simcoe, Lt.-Col., 10. Simoga, 3. Sinclair, Capt. P., 625. Sinclair, Lt. J., 529. Sinclair, Capt. Sir G., 552. Sinfray, Capt., 180. Sirdne”, 598. Sirius, 607. Skelton, Brig.-Gen., 57. Skerrit, Lt.-Col., 4. 382, 383. Skinner, Maj.. 46. 62. Slade, Lt., 547. Slade, Maj.- Gen., 89. 94. Slaughter, Sleigh, Gen., 19. Sluys, 511. * Smith, Lt.-Gen., 199. 253. Smith, Maj -Gen., 52. 54. Smith, Sir H., 28. 42. 62. 374. Smith, Lionel, 63. Smith, Lt.-Col., 44. 46. 62. 73. 88. 111.229. 249. 257. 285. 361. Smith, Sir S., 73. 123. 406. 443. 483. Smith, Maj., 110. 266. Smith, Capt. R., 346. Smith, Capt. E. T.,386. Smith, Capt., 31. 62.326. Smith, Lt. F., 543. Smith, Lt. Matthew, 619. Smith, Lt. W. (4.), 625. Snap, 612. Snowe, Capt., 82. Sobraon, 42. Sol ebay, 493. 624. I Solitaire, 630. i Somerset, Gen., 58, 59. Somerset, Lt.-Col. F„ 175. Somerset, Duke of, 265. Soony, Fort, 22. Soult, Marshal. 16. 59. 102. 133. 137. 221, 222. 224. 337. Soult, Gen. P., 79. Sourier, 50. 60. Southampton, 409. 503. 576. 583. Spartan, 473. Sparviere, 473. Speedy, 476. 544. 589. Spencer, Lt., 57. Spencer, Col., 69. 99. 156. 240. Spencer, Maj., 153. Spread, Capt., 144. Spurs, 241. Sporcken, Gen., 222. Spragge, Lt. E., 479. 546. Squires, Capt., 132. Stacey, Gen., 42. Stafford, Earl of, 209. Staines, Capt. T. 512. Standard, The,!245. Stanfell, Capt., 394. Stanhope, Gen., 204. Stanhope, Col., 69. Steady, Capt., 162. Steele, Capt., 107. Steenkirk, 191. 225. Stevens, Adm., 15. Stevens, Capt. S., 414. Stevenson, Col., 283. Stewart, Lt. D. 12, 13. Stewart, Gen. C., 127. 134. 222. 380. Stewart, W., 137. Stewart, Lt.-Col., 141.263. Stewart, Brig. -Maj., 89. Stewart, Capt., 48. 109. 319. Stirling Castle, 208. Stirling, Rear- Adm., 21. Stirling, Capt. C., 514. Stirling, Gen., 158. Stirling, Lt. Jas., 520. Stoney Point, 152. Storey, Adm., 562. Stopford, Rear-Adm., 231. Stopford, Adm., 568. 575. 613. Strachan, Capt. R., 614. 622. Strangways, Brig.-Gen., 333. Strenowitz, Lt., 165. Strickland, Lt.-Col., 201. 206. Strike, Maj., 122. Stuart, Capt. Lord G., 387. Stuart, Gen., 67. 164. 182. Sturgeon, Col. H., 79. Subarmalee, 120. Succ^s, 441. 563. Success, 623. Suchet, Gen., 105. 226. Suckling, Capt. M., 601. Suffisante, 492. Suffolk, Earl of, 318. Suffrein, Coramod,, 463. 510. 518. Suftur Jung, 12. Sujah Dowla, 124. Sulina, 521. Sullivan, Serj., 321. Sultane, 447. Sumatra, 308. Sumbalpore, 3. Sumpter, Gen., 239. Sumroo, 224. Sunbury, 9. Surat, 64. 115. Surinam, 122. 475. Surirey, 33. Surly, 468. Surprise, 607. Surveyor, 503. Surrey, Earl of, 264. Sutherland, Lt., 196. Sutherland, Maj., 242. Sutherwood, Col., 143. Surveillante, 587. 627. Sybiiie, 386. 402. 507. Syder, Lt. G„ 540. Sydney, Sir R., 24. Sylph, 538. 582. Sylphe, 546. Sylvia, 469. Symes, Gen., 185. Symes, Col., 102. Symes, Capt., 42. Swallow, 507. 574. Swan, 490. Swanton, Commod., 139. Swayne, Capt., 57. 110. Swiftsure, 476. Swinton, Cornet, 162. T. Tailour, Lt. J., 611. Tait, Lt. D., 611. Talavera, 218. Talbot, Capt. J., 425. Talbot, Lt., 112. Tallard, Marshal, 236. Talmain, 59. Tamar, 557. Tamatave, 487. Tamise, 503. Tangier, 62. Tan j ore, 22. 27. 33. Tapageuse, 455. Tarbes, 79. Tarifa, 4. 373. 375. 383. Tarleton, Lt.-Col., 33. 62. 75. 128. 151. 240. Tarragona, 226. Tartar, 612. 618. Tate, Gen., 56. Tat nail, Lt. J. B., 636. Taylor, Col., 96. 245. Taylor, Capt. B. W., 410. Taylor, Gen., 34. 155. Tees, Maj., 40. Telegraph, 443. 594 Temeraire, 552. Temple, Lt. F., 513. Teneriffe, 465. Terpsichore, 410. 431. 593. 613. 634. INDEX. 659 Terrell, Lt., 61. Teviot, Earl of, Lt., 62. 87. Texel, 562. Thackwell, Gen., 42. Thames, 482. 533. 607. Theresa, 446. Thetis, 484. 595. 607. 633. 637. Thierry, Col., 86. Thistle, 415. Thomas, Maj., 70. Thomiere, Gen., 210. Thomson, Lt. T.B., 496. Thomson, Lt. W., 496. Thomson, Lt. J., 501. 523. Thomson, Gen., 160. Thorn, 490. Thornborough, Lieut. E., 545. Thornhill, Gen., 21. 24.31. 201 . Thornton, Lt.-Col., 248. 377. Thornton, Capt., 109. Thoulouse, Adm. Comte de, 547. Thunder, 590. Thunderer, 527. Thurot, Capt., 430- Ticonderago, Fort, 243. Tiger, 426. Tilly, Chev. de, 30. Tippoo Saib, 39. 67. 87. 88. 125. 380. Tobago, 107. 189. Tolosa, 183. Tomlinson, Capt. N., 492. Tongue, 233. Tonnerre, 460. Topaz e, 402. 497. Tordesillas, 190. Torrens, Brig.-Gen., 333. Torrens, Capt. R., 447. Torrington, Earl of, 514. iTortenson, 25. Tortue, 389. iTothill, Lt., 468. Toulon, 281. 291. 301. 343. 416. 418. 439. Toulouse, 101. 104. Tourampoor, 136. Tournay, 131. 198. 222. 257. 265. Tourterelle,439. Tourville, Adm. Comte , de, 485. 514. Townsend, Col., 106. Townsend, Gen., 275. Towry, Capt., G. H., 512. Tozer, Lt. A., 553. Tracey, Lt. J., 398. 411. Trafalgar, 602. Trant, Col., 99. 241. 244. 278. Travancore, 380. Trave, 606. Travers, Lt., 70. 587. 592. 611. Treilhard, Gen., 235. Trent, 388. 453. Tribune, 481. 503. 619. Trichinopoli, 353. Trigge, Gen., 84. 243. Trimbaek, 117. Trincomalee, 2. 11. 285. 421. Trinidad, 422. Trinidad, Fort, 460. 620. 627. - Trinomalee, 62. Tripasore, 247. Tripoli, 393. 433. Trist, Mate R., 418. Triton, 59. Trivampore, 3. Trivadi, 4. 9. Trivatore, 351. Trois Rivieres. 160. Trollope, Lt. H., 449. Trollope, Capt. H., 526. 566. Trompeur, 574. Trompeuse, 394. Troubridge, Capt. T., 201. 216. 534. Tryon, Gen., 119. 158. 196. 200. 297. Tryon, Lt., 348. Tryon, Lt. Robert, 621. Tucker, Capt., 51. Turenne, Vicomtede, 165. Turenne, Prince de, 225. Turner, Lt., 70. Turnhout, 24. Turin, 261. Tupman, Lt. Geo., 414. Tyrone, 2. V. Val de Mula, 99. Valencia d’Alcantara, 120. Valenciennes, 216. 223. Valentinois, Comte de, 232# Valetta, 566. Valeur, 462. 481. Valiant, 388. 409. Valiant, Maj.-Gen., 381. Van Tromp, 423, 424. 484. 494. 499. 544. 626. 628. Vandeleur, Gen., 349. Var, 421. 515. Varsovie, 459. Vaughan, Gen., 153.306. Vellore, 10. 13. 197. Vendome, Duke of, 262. Venerable, 398. 400. Vengeance, 391. 432. 439. 543. 554. 557. Venloo, 275. 282. Venta Cruz, 14. Venteux, 513. Ventura, 441. Venus, 390. 407. 492. 575. Vere, Sir F. 7. 24. 189. Vere, Capt. H., 143. Ver Huel, Rear-Adm. 483. Vernon, Adm., 69. 446. 623. Vestal, 425. Vestale, 391. 554. 583. 634. Vial Gen., 100. Viart, 72. Vic Bigore, 79. Victoire, 611. Victor, 563. 567.. Victor, Marshal, *4. Victor, Hughes, Gen., 7. 12 . Victorious, 425. Vigo, 301. 303. 583. 592. Villa Velha, 295. Villaporam, 95. Villaret, Adm., 494. 497. Villars Marshal, 181. 222. 228. 235. 294. Viliatte, Gen., 56.148.217, 218 Ville de Caen, 244. Ville de Lyon, 577. Ville de Milan, 426. Villeroi, Marshal, 144. Vimiero, 244. Vincent, Capt. S., 553. Vincent, Brig.-Gen., 158. Vine, Lt- G. B., 623. Viper, 439. 546. 641, Virginie, 466. 486. Vivian, Maj., 52, 53. 100. 102 . Vivian, Gen., 55. 59. 172. Volage, 403. Volcan, 474. Volcondah, 150. Volontaire, 555. Volpe, 512. Voltigeur, 447. Vyvian, Lt., 387. U. Ummulneir, 355. Unicorn, 391. 465. 484. 503. 612. Unite, 461.465. 472. 627. Uranie, 607. Usagre, 109. Ussher, Lt. T., 445. 477. Utatoor, 131. Utile, 503. Uvedale, Capt., 598. Uxbridge, Gen. Lord., 173. 175. W. Waakzamheid, 607. Wade, Lt.-Gen., 306. Wainwright, Capt., 4. Waldeck, 199. Waldegrave, Capt. G. G., 533. Wales invaded, 56. Wales, Prince of, 276. Walker, Col., 358. Walker, Capt. B., 637. Walker, Lt. W. H., 552. Walker, Lt. W., 582. Walker, Lt., 618. Wallace, Capt. Sir J., 306. 481. 525. Wallace, Sir W., 210. Waller, Capt. J. 626. 660 INDEX. Wallis, Capt., 154. Wallis, Lt.-Gen., 311. Walsaw, 151. Walsh, Lt., 115. W als h , Gen ,25. 28. Walton, Capt. G., 537. 583. Wandewash, 23. 31. 354. 364. 375. Wangenheim, Col., 164. Wangenheim, Gen., 223. Wantong, 58. Wantong, Gen., 223. Warbourg, 222. Wardroper, Lt., 70. Warneton Fort, 181. Warre, Capt. W. H., 593. Warren, 147. Warren, Adm., 84. Warren, Commod., 121. 166. 593. Warren, Commod. Sir J. B., 467. Warren, Col., 63. Warrenne, Earl of, 118. Warwick, 389. 403. Warwick, Earl of, 27. 196. 202 . Washington, City, 248. Washington, Fort, 344. Washington, Gen., *267. 272 . Waterloo, 170. Waters, Col., 134. Watling, Lt. W., 548. 555. Watson, Rear- Adm., 344. Watson, Lt., 142. Watteville, De, 193. Watts, Lt.-Gen., 478. Weasel, 466. 588. Webb, Lt. C., 428. Webster, Lt.-Col., 33. 62. 240. Webster, Lt. W., 616. Wellesley, Col., 88. 266. Wellesley, Maj.-Gen., 37. 234. Wellesley, Lt.-Gen., 132, 133. 238. 241. 244. 283. 304. Wellington, 47. 58, 59. 72. 76. 80. 102. 104. 126. 148. 167. 171. 175. 178. 207. 218-220. 230. 284. 310. 320. 327. 343. 345. Welsh, Capt., 376. tp mm p 0 i O 1 o ib 81TY OF II Welsh, Maj., 42. Welsh, Lt. T., 468. Werle, 137 Western, Capt. F., 557. Western, Lt. J., 444. Westphal, Lt. Geo.. 524. Westphal, Lt. P.. 537. Wetheral, Maj.-Gen., 575. Whaley, Lt. T., 390. Wheatley, Col., 66. Wheeler, Capt., 451. Whiby, Capt., 234. Whitaker, Cart., 532. White, Gen., 39. 124. White, Lt.-Col. , 36. White, Capt. C.. 572. White, Lt. T., 574. White’s Plains, 322. Whitelock, Lt.-CoL, 51. Whitmore, Brig.-G^n., 160. Whittingham, Gen., 226. Wilkinson, Gen., 42 91. Willes, Lt. G. W., 472, 473. Willes, Lt. J. I., 620. Willetts, Lt. M. De, 567. William III., 188. 225. 242. 256. Williams, Col., 125. 183. Williams, Capt. W. P„ 496. 544. Williams, Capt. T., 503. Williams, Lt. P., 634. Williamson, Col., 116. Williamson, Capt., 182. Willoughby, Capt. N. J., 471. 549. 552. 577. 627. Wills, Col., 15, 16. Wilmot, Capt. D., 123. 456. Wilson, Gen., 349. Wilson, Maj., 139. Wilson, Capt., 186. Winchelsea, 561. Winchester, 625. Winchester, Gen., 23. Winder, Gen., 158. Windham, 554. Windsor, 447. Windsor Castle, 585. Wingate, Surg., 2. Wise, Capt. W. F., 420. Wolf, 386. Wolfe, Capt. G., 446. 524. Wolfe, Brig.-Gen., 160. . THE END. 5 *f fa N0IS. Wolfe, Maj.-Gen., 215 269. Wolverine, 388. 570. Wood, Lt.-Gen., 266. Wood, Commod., 122. Wood, Capt., 95. 285. Woodburn, Capt., 192. Woodgate, Lt., 9. Woodman, Capt., 206. Woodrifl'. Capt. D , 579. Wooldridge, Lt. W., 669 Wooster, Gen., 119. Worcester, 257. Worcester, Earl of, 209. Worth, Capt. J. A.. 398. Worth, Lt. J. A. 443. Wright, Lt. J. W., 456. Wutgenau, Gen., 205. Wyburn, Lt., 303. Wylie, Dr., 2. Wvmer, Lt.-Col., G. P., 70, 71. 151. Wynendale, 288. Y. Yarmouth, 435. Yates, Lt., 617. Yeo, Capt., 7. 128. 409. 499. 500. 543. York, Duke of, 109. 116. 117. 121. 130, 131. 144. 146. 230, 231. 242. 292. 318. 493. 500. York Town, 307. York Island, 313. Yorke, Capt. Sir J„ 555. Yorkshire, Earl of. 246. Young, Capt. 482. 595, Young. W. Mate, 549. Younghusband, Capt. G., 446. Z. Zante, 294. Zephyr, 562. 569. 612. Zeuse, 510. Zittang, 5. Zoutman, Rear-Adm.,541. 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