APRIL, 1914 Bulletin of the University of Georgia Volume XIV Number 7b THE LIBRARY Entered at the Post Office at Athens, Ga., as Second Class Matter, August 31,1905, under Act of Congress of July 16th, 1904. Issued Monthly by the University. Serial Number 223 O 7-1 . I'i. G Extract from the Minutes of the Alumni Society The following resolution offered by T. W. Seed, was adopted: “Realizing the need of a more thorough equipment of the Uni¬ versity of Georgia library with books covering every department of study and research, and looking forward to days when great¬ er and greater additions to its shelves must be made, if the young men of Georgia are to be furnished the library facilities their educational training will demand: ‘‘Be it resolved, by the Alumni Society of the University of Georgia that a committee of five members be appointed by the president, charged with the duty of securing donations from alumni and friends of the institution to a fund to be known as the Alumni Library Fund, said donations to be turned over as fast as received to the treasurer of the University and by him invested in some safe security, preferably state, county, or muni¬ cipal bonds, the principal of said fund to remain forever intact and the interest only to be used for the purchase of books for the library, under the direction of the Librarian, with the approval of the Chancellor, or in such manner as the Board of Trustees of the University may determine, should that body see fit to change the method of purchasing books in the future.” The above is a copy of a resolution offered by T. W. Reed, Esquire, at the last annual meeting of the Alumni Society and adopted by the Society. Pursuant to this resolution the presi¬ dent appointed the following committee: M. G. Michael, Athens, Ga., Chairman. T. W. Reed, Athens, Ga., Secretarjr. E. M. Mitchell, Atlanta, Ga, W. A. Harris, Macon, Ga. J. A. Davison, Camden, S. C. The object of the resolution and the duties of your Committee are manifest. The purpose of this Bulletin is to inform the So¬ ciety concerning the Committee’s plans and to appeal to the Alumni for their support. I shall not dwell upon the need for such a fund as the resolu¬ tion contemplates, or upon the advantages, which the University will derive therefrom. These are either apparent or will become so upon a consideration of the resolution and the comments upon it by the gentlemen of this Committee, who are most familiar with the library’s needs and its deficiencies. Your Committee firmly believes that all Alumni who really de¬ sire to assist the University and to give to Alma Mater in return for that which has been received, will find no more acceptable and worthy means than a contribution to the Library Fund. An opportunity for great good is afforded every son of Georgia, and we are of the opinion that the response to our appeal will be generous and liberal. It must be observed that only the interest derived from this fund is to be used in the purchase of books; the principal remain¬ ing forever intact as a memorial of the love of this body for the University. It is therefore imperative that each man of us should give as much as he possibly can, else the purpose of this resolution must fail. With this in mind your Committee has deemed it wise to permit all contributions to be paid in five an¬ nual instalments in the hope that the fund will be five times as large as it would be otherwise. The rate of interest yielded by the class of securities in which the fund is to be invested is small. Often ten thousand dollars will earn only about four hundred dollars, and certainly we must have at least that amount, if the Alumni would make this Alumni Library Fund worthy of the University. That it will be even larger, your Committee does not doubt. The resolution was unanimously adopted and we expect the same unanimity in its support. The younger of our brothers are wont to speak of the “ Georgia Spirit.” All of us, however, have this spirit, the spirit of generous, loyal, devoted service, and this is a sufficient guarantee of a large and useful Alumni Library Fund. M. G. Michael, (Class of 1878.) The Alumni Library Fund Nothing adds more to the dignity and prestige of a college than the possession of a great library. It is not merely necessary to have an adequate and commodious building but it is even more important to have a large number of books. The Universi¬ ty of Georgia has a suitable library building and an excellent li¬ brary of books but the number of these is by no means propor¬ tioned to the greatness of this time-honored institution of learn¬ ing. It ought to be possible for the Faculty, the undergraduates and the public to find in the library of the University of Georgia every standard authority in every branch of learning. The cir¬ culating library of the ordinary Carnegie type in our cities and towns must necessarily devote its efforts to satisfying the tastes of the greater number of the reading public and its funds for the purchase of books must perforce be used mainly in the purchase of the lighter and perishable literature demanded by its patrons. The function of the University Library is different. Its duty is to supply that more solid literature required by the student, the investigator and the writer while not neglecting entirely works of a lighter character. It ought to be the ambition of the University of Georgia to build up one of the great libraries of the world. Why not? Is he too much of an optimist who anticipates in the course of a few generations a population in Georgia equal to that of many of the countries of the old world and that the South will rival in pop¬ ulation and wealth the great Empires of Europe? The Univer¬ sity of Georgia is located at the educational center of Georgia and of the Southeastern States. There there ought to be not merely an ordinary college library but an institution which in the number and value of its books, would rank with the greatest national libraries. Along with the increase in our population and wealth there ought to be a corresponding increase in edu¬ cational facilities. The University is not merely building for a day but for the ages to come. The Alumni Library Fund has been started and all who re¬ ceived their education at Athens ought to deem it a pleasant privilege to contribute to this fund and help build up an institu¬ tion which is already an ornament to our State and which will in the future years help to spread the fame of Old Georgia. Eugene M. Mitchell, (Class of 1885). Benefits That Will Last There are few ways, if any, in which a man may more surely project his influence across the centuries than by writing a meri¬ torious book, but the genius necessary to the writing of such a book is given to comparatively few. Hence, if the great majori¬ ty of men would do great service to the generations coming after them they can do no better than by placing in the hands of the youth of their respective communities the books contributed to the world by the master intellects of all ages. There are thousands and tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of such books. The University of Georgia has a splen¬ did library building in which they may be kept for use. The State of Georgia furnishes over six hundred young men who are the recipients of such benefits as may be bestowed by the educa¬ tional training in this institute. But the books are not here. We have a fairly good library, but not such as it should be. With the limited funds available, the best possible has been done. This movement of the Alumni Society is for the purpose of providing a steady income for the library with which many of the best books may be purchased each year. The attention of the alumni is called to the fact that the do¬ nations made will work in perpetuity. The principal of the fund can never be used. Every donation will yield income every year so long as the University of Georgia exists. Those who give to this fund will some day pass from the scenes of life, but their gifts will continue to do good. Such monuments are worth build¬ ing. A workman cannot build a piece of complicated machinery without the proper tools. The finished structure of a human life cannot be erected without the proper tools. Among the essen¬ tial tools are good books. Our young men are building for Geor¬ gia magnificent temples of character and efficiency. Let us fur¬ nish them with the necessary tools to be used in this work. The great big questions of life are grappled with and settled by the scholar. The scholar cannot reach his highest efficiency without much research work. That kind of work calls for much reading. That reading cannot be accomplished if the books are not at hand. Here is an opportunity for the alumni of the University of Georgia to build an enduring monument. We believe that each alumnus will he glad to furnish some of the material with which it is to be built. T. W. Reed, (Class of 1888). The Library and the College Books are absolutely necessary to higher education. The function of the University of Georgia is to promote this higher education. Therefore, it must have books to do its work and a plenty of them. Books represent the best of the world’s thoughts, the highest contribution which the greatest characters can make to the development of life. The function of education is to en¬ rich life. The master minds of every era have made it a habit to associate with the greatest characters of the world’s history through what they have written for the purpose of reaping the benefit of their experimental insight into life’sessentials. With reference to the work, our Alma Mater is doing to develop the lives of the best young manhood of the State of Georgia, the con¬ clusion is inevitable that our University library should be en¬ dowed with adequate funds, not only to keep its shelves filled with what has been written in the past, but also to provide for its students the opportunity of coming in contact with the ful¬ ness of modern thoughts in every phase of its rich development. The handicap of inadequate library facilities, at present, con¬ stitutes a serious problem to those who are trying to lead out to bigger things in their development of the life of our State to its highest capacity. In the light of the facts that have been pre¬ sented by the Chancellor and the University Librarian it is hardly necessary to say that every man who considers himself an alumnus of the Old University will respond readily to the appeal of Mr. Michael and the Alumni Library Fund Committee for cooperation in a commendable effort to remove this handicap. All of us are going to respond. The spirit of gratitude for the new grasp upon life, which those years at college furnished, prompts our hearts. And when our hearts are prompted our hands go with them to lay hold on the tasks of the hour. John A. Davison, (Class of 1908). In April, 1902, during the Southern Educational Conference in this city, the announcement was made from the chapel stage that a friend of the University of Georgia had given the sum of fifty thousand dollars for a library building. As the result of that splendid gift the University now has a library building of which its alumni and friends are justly proud. The friend who so generously gave this building to the Univer¬ sity was Dr. George Foster Peabody, a native of Georgia and a distinguished and successful citizen of New York. This gift was but one of many made by this generous Georgian to those worthy institutions whose work appealed to his judgment and his desire to do good for humanity. Nor did his interest in this institution pass with the making of this donation. Every advance movement by the University has had his loyal support, financially and otherwise. He justly ranks as one of our greatest benefactors. His interest in the University library is manifested each year by the gift of scores of books, selected with care and with an eye to their usefulness. Through the generosity of this distinguished friend, the Uni¬ versity of Georgia has the necessary library building. But the books on its shelves are not in keeping with the structure. The University has a fairly good library, but not such as it should have. The Alumni Society, through its committee, is endeavor¬ ing to raise a fund, from the interest on which a large number of books may be added to the library each year. The Alumni of the institution can show their appreciation of the Peabody Library Building in ,no better way than by filling its shelves to overflowing with the best books. George Foster Peabody A Word from the Chancellor It is with pleasure and grateful pride that I note the effort of the Alumni to raise an endowment fund for the library. Already we have evidence, in the magnificent domain of more than 900 acres extend¬ ing from the centre of Ath¬ ens far beyond the limits of the city, of that which can be accomplished when the Alumni of the University, with purpose of heart, set themselves to a task. Another evidence of their devotion is found in the gymnasium which while it is but a part of the building which the Alumni propose to construct, has been given by the Alumni and friends of the University. The Alumni have now turned their thought and effort to the heart of the University, for all know that the library is the heart of an institution of learning. As we were fortunate in the leaders of the former undertak¬ ings, we are equally favored in the devoted alumnus and thorough¬ going gentleman who has consented to serve as chairman of the committee in charge of this undertaking. We await with confidence the outcome of this new effort of the Alumni. D. C. Barrow, (Class of 1874). Some Library Statistics Statistics of the size and annual book funds of a number of state university libraries should be interesting. Note that the lar¬ gest of them are in states whose wealth does not greatly exceed that of Georgia; hardly equal in potential wealth. Note the amount that comparatively poor states, such as Idaho, Montana, Oklahoma, the Dakotas, etc., are spending. These institutions are new, all their books are ‘ ‘ live, ’’ they are all asking for more mon¬ ey to meet needs—and getting it. Note the amount the progressive southern libraries in this list are receiving, and especially the size of the library and the annual book fund (which has hardly fallen below $5,500, and usually exceeded this amount during the last ten years) of our nearest progressive competitor, the University of North Carolina library. The statistics of this library are peculiarly interesting because of the considerable amount of its funds derived from alumni endowments. STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES Minnesota Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Ohio Kansas Iowa Oregon & Oregon Agr’l California VOLUMES ANNUAL BOOK FUNDS 160,000 $ 32,000 223,000 32,000 288,000 30,000 175,000 26,000 123,000 20,000 282,000 14,000 94,000 13,500 63,000 12,000 238,000 10,000 Texas Washington Indiana North Carolina Maine North Dakota South Dakota Arizona Montana Idaho Oklahoma West Virginia Georgia 72,500 9,500 51,600 9,200 87,000 9,000 65,000 5,500 47,700 4,200 44,000 4,200 19,000 4,000 17,300 3,500 14,500 3,100 25,000 3,000 20,000 3,000 45,000 3,000 38,000* 1,700 ♦Only 15,000 really useful books. University Library (Gift of George Poster Peabody) The Library and the Alumni PAST AND For the benefit of older alumni whose recollections of FUTURE. the part that the library played in their college work and recreation may be somewhat humorous, and for those younger members among Georgia’s graduates who were in college during the transition period of library affairs, there is here set down as briefly as possible a little of history, a little of the present position of the library in University life and work, and a prophecy of possibilities of service. First Library Building, 1821-1823 On the 27th of Nov. 1800, the day the first president was elected and before a single building was begun on this campus the Senatus Academicus ordered a considerable list of books “for the use of the students at intervals when not engaged in their academical studies” (from the list, the august body evidently did not propose that the students’ leisure moments should be lighter moments). Where the library was first located is somewhat uncertain; most probably in the President’s house. Records show that it occupied the second floor of the old Agricultural Building, once known as Philosophical Hall, in the early twenties, and was transferred to New College in 1823 when that building was completed. It must have been largely destroyed in the fire which consumed New College in 1830. The records seem to speak of entire destruction. Older alumni will remember the Ivy Building. This arose at the same time that New College was rebuilt and was used as the library and museum for thirty years. Their recollections will hardly extend back to its use for that purpose however, since for the forty-five years previous to the erection of the new building the library occupied the beautiful and dignified old room in the then “Library Building” to which the recollections of the majority of the University’s living alumni carry them. D. C. BARROW, The centennial year, 1876, marks the birth of the LIBRARIAN. great modern library movement, as American an institution as the state university. But so tardy was its effect on most of our educational institutions that in very recent times many college libraries were still a joke. The story of the Harvard man telling the visitor he did not know where the library was as he was a student, may be apocryphal, but hardly exaggerated the situation. The best of college libraries were open but from one to three or four half hours a week not so long ago; often through volunteer Services of some professor with a special sympathy for students. At Georgia Chancellor Barrow comes under this indictment. For some years, as many will recall, he opened Ivy Building (Library and museum for 30 years) the library three hours each week in a service of this sort. Previous to the present administration the library was presided over by the lady whose memory will be ever dear and green to those who as students made her life a burden, or as alumni proudly wore the colors she pinned upon their coats. The gift of the present building made an increase in the library staff imperative, and since Miss Frierson, on account of increasing age, wished to be relieved of the chief responsibility, the present librarian was appointed to undertake the reorganization made necessary by the move, along modern lines. Some may not know that largely through the efforts of the donor of the present building, Miss Frierson spent the last three years of her life in a happy leisure free from financial care. She was the first pensioner in Georgia on the Carnegie Foundation, and as Librarian Emeritus at commencement time used to move as “the chief among us.” THE DOORS A few of the more obvious indications of the present ARE OPEN. part the library takes in university life and work may be noted. They are not exceptional, but as far as statistics can be relied upon appear to be up to the average of modern college libraries. The library is open for eleven hours daily. It is closed but one entire day during the college year, Washington’s birthday. On all other holidays it is open for five hours, and on Sunday afternoons also for recreative reading. The amount of books used both inside and outside of the building has increased over four times as fast as the student body in the last ten years. In the academic year of 1912-13 the average daily attendance for eight months was between 170 and 240, averaged by months. The library is not a cold weather refuge as the daily average of the spring months does not fall below the winter: 268 men used the library on a warm April day of last year, the record thus far. During the morning the library usually plays to capacity houses, and where ten years ago in the afternoon might be found one student languidly scanning a paper from a poise of easy equilibrium upon the last vertebra in his neck, an alumnus entering on any afternoon will hardly find less than twenty men quietly at work. The afternoon average is much higher; rather more than sixty. The evening and Sunday hours also attract a good sized patronage. MINDING HIS Recent years have seen a decided change in the BOOK THEN manner of teaching of a large percentage of the AND NOW. college courses. Previously the student’s knowledge of his subject was confined to lessons conned from a text-book only, with such additional information as his teacher saw fit to give him in classroom or lecture. Now he is asked to read and digest for himself what both great and recent authorities have to say on these subjects in many volumes, periodicals, and publica¬ tions of societies. Obviously he cannot buy one hundredth part of the literature to which he is referred, and as a direct result his college library becomes a vastly more important factor in his studies, than in the older days. This class of reading the student does largely in the library where the books referred to in many 'different courses are reserved on special shelves for this purpose. At the University this class of work has increased rapidly in the last three or four years. The development of this “collateral” reading is but coextensive with the general reference use of the library. Over 40,000 volumes used in the building were returned to their places by library assistants. As more readers replace books used in the library on the shelves than leave them on the tables, an estimate of a hundred thousand volumes consulted for reference use last year is probably conserva¬ tive. The library has about 15,000 live books. These were used in the building at least the estimated number of times. Though an increasingly important amount of the student’s use of library books is done in the building, another index of increased usage is the ten years record of outside loans. In 1903-04 the ouside circula¬ tion was 800 in round numbers. In 1912 it was 6470, and this year is running at a rate that will bring it close to the ten thou¬ sand mark, or at least ten times ten years ago. In this same period the student body has not more than doubled, a considerable portion of which is presumed to get an appreciable percentage of their reading from the Agricultural Reading Room. MR. DEBATER, Younger alumni will recall the elaborate bibliog- ET AL. raphies prepared every year for the Class, Cham¬ pion, and Intercollegiate debates. This feature of the library’s services to the students has not decreased in impor¬ tance or the extent of time given to it. In addition, lists of books are frequently posted on current top¬ ics or subjects calcu¬ lated to widen the student’s interest. These bulletins are usually attractively illustrated to help bring to the eye of the student reading that should bring pleasure as well as profit. The above short description of some of the activities of your University Library coupled with the statement that its de¬ velopment has been up to the average may lead you to think library matters are prosperous enough without a stir being made for library endowment. But bear in mind that you have a description of the increase in library activities and not of money or books. This latter “is quite another story.” THE BOOK The University Library had its beginning in AND THE DOLLAR, the first year of the nineteenth century. That century saw a widening of the fields of knowledge, learning and research, possibly best expressed for our purposes in the resultant increased output of the printing press. The first year of the twentieth century saw over 7,000 different works printed in the United States: more than had been printed in the entire period preceding the library’s foundation. Ten years later the American production of new books had nearly doubled, for in 1911 over 13,000 new works were printed. Libraries of learned institutions can by no means confine their purchases to the book production of America and though the acquisition of books printed in England and in the principal foreign languages is not so exten¬ sive, it is by no means unimportant. The three principal book pro¬ ducing countries printed five times as many new books in 1911 as the United States. PERIODICALS The output of the periodical press has increased AND DITTO. in a nearly equal ratio. We all know how the popular periodicals occupy our attention. Teach¬ ers and students of historical, social, economic or scientific subjects are equally dependent upon the periodicals in these fields. How increasingly important the popular and learned periodicals are to university libraries may be judged from the fact that one western university is now expending the income from three quarters of a million dollars upon periodical subscriptions and is, with this income in hand, hunting the book markets of the world for the earlier volumes of learned periodical publications. There are indexes pub¬ lished covering all the great fields of periodical publications so that a student, in this library for instance, working on an oration or a debate, finds reference after reference on his subject to periodicals not on our shelves or subscription list. The engineering student often in five minutes will find scores of references that he cannot make use of on some important problem because the library has not had the money to subscribe as yet for many of the most im¬ portant engineering periodicals to which our indexes constantly refer. AND SO We could truly say, with the above facts in mind and IT GOES, remembering the present intimate and vital relation of college work to the library and its dependency for efficiency upon not only the best but the latest things in print, that it is more difficult to meet the needs of one year with the money the University library now has to expend than it would have been in 1801 to use the same sum in selecting a library from all that the printing press had produced up to that time. No great library can possibly be an omnium gatherum. Rigid selection is a necessity with the greatest. They are all forced to specialize; university libraries are in fact highly specialized, institu¬ tions. But rigid selection being the rule it is still interesting to notice the annual expenditures of some of our greater university libra¬ ries; as for instance, of Harvard, $54,000, Yale, $35,000, Chicago, $35,000, Minnesota, $32,000, Wisconsin, $26,000. These institu¬ tions are of course giving instruction in many more subjects and in more advanced ways than we are here, but we are attempting instruction in many more lines and on more advanced problems than the library can cope with at present. Heavy pressure is brought for the establishment of a new chair, let us say for instance of Business Economics. The University trustees somehow manage to raise money to pay the salary of the professor holding this new chair; the best they can do. Our new professor arrives; makes a bee-line for the library (this never fails). He finds that in the literature of his subject we are non-existent. With greatly over¬ burdened funds we try to piece out so that he can have a few books and a periodical or two with which to begin work with his students. Three or four thousand dollars would have been but a moderate sum with which to make a start collecting the material he really needs; with our present income we can’t spend that amount on his work in twenty years. This is a typical instance. When there is a general enough demand that instruction in some new field or subject be given at the State University, the State you will say should see such instruction' properly provided for. Pro¬ gressive institutions elsewhere make liberal initial appropriations for new work and provide additional funds thereafter to meet the increased current demands on their libraries. If this is so, the State you will say should enable our Trustees to do so here. Undoubtedly true: let it be hoped that the time will come and come quickly. THE ALUMNI But were our funds now adequate to meet the AND needs of work now being carried on on this THE LIBRARY, campus (a conservative estimate is an annual sum about three times our present resources) such a move as was started last June by the appointment of your Commit¬ tee on an Alumni Library Fund would be equally welcome. The library lacks thousands of dollars worth of books which may be conveniently termed cultural reading, of sets of periodicals, etc. needed by debaters and for reading for purely student activities. Each year are received hundreds of catalogues offering these books and sets at prices at a third to a fifth of their original values. Funds to an indefinite amount can be expended in this way; in fact, there is no way in which the alumni can interest themselves, where dollar for dollar money will go so far or be "so generally helpful as in the manner now proposed. All of our larger institutions and many of the smaller, derive no mean part of their library fund from such sources. Endowments from individual alumni, from classes, or from associations are numer¬ ous. Buildings may crumble and fall or outlive their usefulness, and other memorials however costly disappear in the lapse of time, but so long as funds draw interest these library endowments, however big or small, will be memorials to their donors. ! The University extends a cordial welcome to all educational, agricultural, commercial, manufacturing, financial and industrial bodies, and bodies of like character, having for their object the welfare of the state, to use on special occasions, free of rent, such public buildings of the University as the Chancellor and President of the Agricultural College may approve.