1630.7 I (fie no. 897 1972 cop. 5 UNIVERS Digitized by the Internet Archive I j in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/1972suggestedins1972univ Cll .ATiNG COPY ■ LIBRARY UNIVERSITY AGRIC 1972 Suggested Insecticide Guide Insect Control for COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE CROPS^an^ GREENHOUSE VEGETABLES Commercial vegetable gardeners find it impossible to produce vegetables profitably unless they control insects at maximum efficiency and minimum cost. The house- wife of today will not accept unsightly wormy vege- tables; not only are wormy fruits and vegetables unappetizing but the waste from trimming increases food costs. Thus the commercial vegetable gardener must produce a quality product that is acceptable and safe to the consumer. Careful and correct use of the right insecticides will enable him to do this. This suggested insecticide guide has been prepared for use by, Illinois commercial vegetable farmers; it is not for home gardeners, who should use only those insecticides that are extremely safe to handle, apply, and store. Furthermore, the commercial vegetable gardener must use a wider variety of insecticides than the home gardener in order to obtain maximum insect control at the least cost. In using insecticides, read the label and carefully follow the instructions. Do not exceed maximum rates suggested; observe carefully the interval between appli- cation and harvest, and apply only to crops for which use has been approved. Make a record of the product used, the trade name, the percentage content of the insecticide, the dilution, the rate of application per acre, and the date or dates of application. Some of the insecticides suggested here can be poisonous to the applicator. In using them, the com- mercial gardener is expected to use precautions to pro- tect himself, his workers, and his family from undue or needless exposure. In using this guide, always refer to the table on the next page, which lists the limitations and restrictions on use. These limitations apply to the vegetables as human food. If you use any portion of a vegetable for livestock food (tops, stalks, etc.) refer to the label for instructions as to the interval required between applica- tion and feeding. The chemical names used in these tables may be unfamiliar to you. These names are the common coined chemical names and as such are not capitalized. Trade names are capitalized. In the table of limitations the common names are listed first. If the trade name is more commonly used, it is listed in parentheses following the common name. Throughout the tables of suggestions, however, the common name is used if there is one. In case of question, refer to the table of limitations. These suggestions are subject to change without notification during the growing season. The publication was prepared by entomologists of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture and the Illinois Natural History Survey. Requested label clearances for a few uses of insec- ticides, carriers, and solvents is uncertain for 1972, since many requests have not been officially cleared. Anticipating needed changes in labeling, we began mod- ifying these suggested uses a few years ago. We have attempted to anticipate any further label changes in 1972, but an occasional use may still be canceled. Be sure to check with your county extension adviser if you are in doubt about the insecticide you plan to use. We will make announcements of label changes through the news media to keep you up to date. Suggestions for use of insecticides effective from a practical standpoint are based on available data. Soil texture, pH of the soil, rainfall, slope of the field, wind velocity at planting, method and accuracy of applica- tion, and other unpredictable factors affect efficiency of insecticides. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiii iiaiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinnniiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiinitiiiiiaDiiiiNiiiiiuiu iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiihiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE In cooperation with ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY CIRCULAR 897 Urbana, Illinois, December, 1971 Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. JOHN B. CLAAR, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. LIMITATIONS FOR FIELD VEGETABLES IN DAYS BETWEEN APPLICATION AND HARVEST AND OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INSECTICIDES IN ILLINOIS (Blank spaces indicate the material is not suggested for the specific use in Illinois) Insecticide Brussels Cab- Cauli- Beans Broccoli sprouts bage flower Horse- radish 1 Radish 1 Turnip 1 Onions Egg- plant Toma- Peppers toes azinphosmethyl (Guthion) 2 carbaryl (Sevin) Dasanit diazinon dicofol (Kelthane) dimethoate (Cygon) . . endosulfan (Thiodan) ethion Fundal Galecron malathion methomyl (Lannate) . . mevinphos (Phosdrin) 2 naled (Dibrom) parathion 2 phorate (Thimet) 2 . . . . rotenone toxaphene trichlorfon (Dylox) . . . 7C OC CH 15 3 7 7 14K 14K 3 7 1 1 7 14K 14K 7 B 21 21 3 3 7 14K 14K 7 1 1 1 10 7D 21 15 3 7 B 14K 14K 7 7 3 1 7 B 21 3 10 15 3.14G I, J 10 10 14 i 3 3 3 4 10 C 28C 15 1 5 15 1 5 21 10 1 3 21 Insecticide Pota- toes 1 Col- lards Kale Lettuce Spinach Swiss Sweet Cucum- Pump- chard corn bers 3 Melons 3 kins 3 Squash 3 Winter Summer carbaryl (Sevin) diazinon dicofol (Kelthane) dimethoate (Cygon) . . dyfonate endosulfan (Thiodan) Gardona malathion methomyl (Lannate) mevinphos (Phosdrin) 2 naled (Dibrom) parathion 2 phorate (Thimet) 2 . . . . rotenone toxaphene trichlorfon (Dylox) . . . 15 10 B 14F 15 15 1 Root crops such as radishes, turnips, carrots, horseradish, potatoes, and sugar beets should not be grown in soil where aldrin, dieldrin, or heptachlor was applied as a soil insecticide the preceding year. 2 Use only by professional applicators or commercial gardeners. 'Only apply insecticide late in the day after blossoms have closed to reduce bee kill. A. Not more than twice per season. B. Not after edible portions or heads begin to form. C. Do not use tops for feed or food. D. If outer leaves are stripped ; otherwise, B. E. Do not apply after seedling stage. F. Not more than once per season. G. If tops or stover is to be used as feed. H. Not more than three times per season. I. Soil applications at planting time only. ]. Do not use on green onion crop. K. No more than nine applications. LIMITATIONS FOR GREENHOUSE VEGETABLES Insecticide Tomatoes Lettuce endosulfan (Thiodan) 15 hours malathion 15 hours 10 days metaldehyde As bait only applied to soil naled (Dibrom) 1 day parathion 1 10 days 21 days tepp 1 3 days 1 Do not use aerosols that contain parathion, tepp, or the propellant methyl chloride in greenhouses connected to living quarters. Should be applied only by a trained operator. Insect g.09 ''p KGX CABBAGE AND RELATED COLE CROPS 1 Time Lb. of active of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Cabbage maggot 2 (NHE-44) All season diazinon Broadcast Disk in just before planting. Use only for cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. diazinon granules Furrow At time of planting; on turnips a drench- ing spray of 1 lb. diazinon should be applied 30 days following treatment. azinphosmethyl diazinon 3 oz. W.P. or 2 oz. E.C. per 50 gal. transplant water 4 oz. per 50 gal. transplant water 6 fluid oz. transplant water per plant. Aphid (NHE-47) Thrips (NHE-48) All season azinphosmethyl dimethoate malathion mevinphos parathion H 0.3 1 0.4 Foliage When aphids appear, but before leaves begin to curl. Diamond-back moth larva; imported cabbage worm; cabbage Iooper (NHE-45) All season bacillus thuringiensis 4 Fundal Galecron methomyl naled See rates on label 0.5 0.5 0.45-0.9 1 Foliage When small worms first appear, and about every 5 to 7 days thereafter. Thor- ough spray coverage of foliage is im- portant. Fundal and Galecron control only the egg stage plus newly hatched worms. parathion with endosulfan 3 1 Cutworm At planting trichlorfon toxaphene 1 1^-2 Soil At planting, at base of plant or as needed when damage first occurs. Flea beetle and leafhopper All season carbaryl IH Foliage As needed. 1 Root crops such as radishes, turnips, carrots, potatoes, and sugar beets should not be grown in soil where aldrin, dieldrin, or hepta- chlor was applied as a soil insecticide the preceding year. ' Maggots are resistant to aldrin, dieldrin, and diazinon in some areas of Illinois. 8 When using mixtures that have different "days between application and harvest" restrictions, choose the larger restriction. 4 No time limitations. Note: E.C. = emulsion concentrate; W.P. = wettable powder. COLLARDS, KALE, LETTUCE, SPINACH, SWISS CHARD Insect Time of attack Insecticide Lb. of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Aphid (NHE-47) All season diazinon H dimethoate 0.3 mevinphos H naled 1 parathion 0.4 Foliage As needed. Cutworm On seedling plants toxaphene trichlorfon V/2 Base of plant When first damage appears. 1 and soil Leafhopper All season carbaryl dimethoate malathion 0.3 1 Foliage When first leafhoppers appear and as needed. Caterpillar (NHE-45) All season bacillus thuringiensis 2 naled parathion See rates on label 1 V2 Foliage When small worms first appear and every 5 to 7 days thereafter. with endosulfan 1 1 Leaf miner All season diazinon dimethoate parathion 0.3 0.4 Foliage When first miners are observed. Flea beetle All season carbaryl rotenone 1 Foliage As needed. 1 When using mixtures that 1 No time limitations. have different "days between application and harvest" restrictions, choose the larger restriction. Insect Time of attack Insecticide BEANS Lb. of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Seed maggot (NHE-27) All season dieldrin 1 lindane 1 Manufacturer's directions Seed At seeding. diazinon 50% W.P. 1 3/5 oz./bu. Seed Treat seed no longer than 3 months before planting. phorate granules l}^ Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at planting but not in contact with seed. Bean leaf beetle (NHE-67) Early and late season carbaryl malathion Foliage When feeding first appears and weekly for 2 or 3 applications as needed. Leafhopper (NHE-22) and plant bug (NHE-68) All season carbaryl dimethoate malathion 1 Foliage Before plants become yellow and stunted. 0.3 Repeat applications at weekly intervals 1 as necessary. phorate granules iy 2 Soilband As for seed maggot. Mexican bean beetle Midseason and late season carbaryl malathion % Foliage When occasional leaves show lacework 1 feeding. phorate granules 1H Soilband As for seed maggot. Aphid (NHE-47) All season dimethoate endosulfan malathion 0.3 l A 1 Foliage Usually applied when a few aphids can be found on each plant, but before leaves begin to curl and deform. phorate granules 1H Soilband As for seed maggot. Blister beetle (NHE-72) Midseason and late season carbaryl iH Foliage As needed. Corn earworm (NHE-33) Corn borer Late season carbaryl parathion Foliage As needed, but usually after September 1. Worms may be present before bloom. Mites Midseason and late season dicofol dimethoate malathion 0.4 Foliage As needed, but especially during drouthy 0.3 periods particularly if carbaryl has been 1 used on crops. phorate granules IH Soilband As for seed maggot. 1 No restrictions when used as recommended. CUCUMBERS AND OTHER VINE CROPS 1 Insect Time Lb. of active of attack Insecticide' ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application 2 Striped and Seedling to carbaryl spotted cucumber mature plants parathion beetles (NHE-46) 1 Foliage When beetles first appear; as often as H necessary thereafter. Aphid (NHE-47) All season diazinon dimethoate malathion parathion 0.3 1 Foliage When aphids become noticeable. Squash bug (NHE-51) All season parathion trichlorfon 3 J^ Foliage Do not apply until first eggs are found 1 hatching (about June 15 to July 15). Leafhopper July-August malathion dimethoate 1 0.3 Foliage As needed. Squash vine borer June- September carbaryl Base of stem Weekly applications when vines begin to for 3 ft run — usually 5 applications. Pickle worm August- September carbaryl Foliage Weekly applications, beginning in late August. Mites July- September dicofol malathion parathion 1 V2 Foliage As needed. Cutworm (NHE-77) April-June carbaryl toxaphene 2 1H-2 Base of plants As needed. 1 Pumpkins should not be grown on soil that has been treated with aldrin, dieldrin, or heptachlor the preceding year. ' Spray vine crops with insecticide only late in the day after blossoms have closed to reduce bee kill. * Pumpkin is the only vine crop for which trichlorfon should he used for squash bug control. Apply only once per season. TOMATOES, PEPPERS, EGGPLANT Insect Time of attack Insecticide Lb ingred . of active ient per acn s Placement Timing of application Cutworm (NHE-77) Early and midseason carbaryl toxaphene trichlorfon 2 3 1 Base of plants or foliage As needed. Flea beetle May-June carbaryl rotenone 2 0.2-0.4 Foliage Apply every week as long as needed. Aphid (NHE-47) May-July diazinon dimethoate malathion parathion 0.3 1 0.4 Foliage As needed, but before leaves curl. Corn earworm Corn borer July- September; occasionally in June carbaryl toxaphene methomyl 2 2 Foliage Add to weekly applications of fungicide 2 sprays beginning at first fruit set. If .45-. 9 spraying is infrequent, use 6 lb. of toxa- phene. Hornworm July- September carbaryl trichlorfon Foliage When first small worms appear. Mites July- September carbophenothion dicofol malathion parathion 1 M l 0.4 Foliage As needed. Russet mite July- September parathion sulfur dust 1 sulfur spray 1 0.4 10 10 Foliage As needed. Blister beetle (NHE-72) June- September carbaryl parathion toxaphene IK 2 Foliage As needed. Fruit fly and picnic beetle August- October diazinon spray diazinon granules Foliage When flies or beetles first appear. pyrethrin dust 1 Foliage Applv to hamper immediately after it is filled. 1 No limitations on use. 5 Use cleared only on tomatoes, not on peppers or eggplant. ASPARAGUS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Lb. of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Asparagus beetle (NHE-49) Early and mid- season on spears and ferns carbaryl 1 malathion 1 rotenone 1 IK 1 0.2-0.4 Spears and ferns Spears As needed, not more often than every 3 days. As needed. 1 One -day restriction between last application and harvest. SWEET CORN Insect Time of attack Insecticide Lb. ingred of active ient per acre Placement Timing of application Soil insects (NHE-26, 27, 43) April-August diazinon dyfonate phorate 1 1 1 Row Apply on soil surface behind planter shoe and ahead of press wheel. Cutworm (NHE-38) April-June carbaryl 1 carbaryl bait toxaphene 2-3 1 3 Base of plants When first damage appears. Flea beetle (NHE-36) April-July carbaryl 1 1H Foliage As necessary. Japanese beetle (NHE-32) July- September carbaryl 1 l Ear zone As necessary. Corn borer June- September carbaryl spray, dust, 1 or granules diazinon granules 2 Foliage Make first application when tassel ratio is 30 to 40. Repeat every 4 to 5 days as 11^ long as field has 20 or more unhatched egg masses per 100 plants. Corn earworm 2 (NHE-33) June- September carbaryl 1 Gardona methomyl 2 Ear zone Market corn: At first silk and every 2 to 1H 3 days for 5 to 8 applications. On very 0.45 early or late planted corn, treatment may be necessary before silking when eggs are being laid on stalks and flag leaves. Canning corn: At 30 to 50% silk and every 3 days thereafter until corn is with- in 1 week of harvest. Sap beetle July- carbaryl 1 2 (NHE-10) September diazinon 1 Picnic beetle malathion 1 parathion y 2 Foliage When adults first appear in field; usually between pollen-shedding and silk-drying. Corn leaf aphid (NHE-29) July- September malathion parathion 1 Foliage As needed to produce attractive ears for }/2 fresh market. 1 During pollen shed, apply carbaryl as late in the day as possible (preferably after 4 p.m.) to reduce bee kill. ' Addition of 0.5 to 0.75 pound of parathion to carbaryl improves earworm control. ONIONS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Lb. of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Onion maggot (NHE-50) All season diazinon W.P. ethion W.P. 14-1 for 40-50 lb. of seed 1 for 40-50 lb. of seed Seed Seed treatment for set onions only. Use lighter dosage of diazinon on sandy, highly mineral soils. Dasanit granules 1 diazinon granules %-l ethion granules J^-2 diazinon diazinon malathion Use 1 lb. active ingredient per acre for Furrow rows 12" apart; % lb. for rows 18" apart; x /l lb. for rows 24" apart. Up to twice these amounts are needed for ethion on muck soils Do not use Dasanit on green onions. Broadcast Preplanting; disk into upper 1 to 2 inches of soil. Supplement with foliage spray below. Y% Foliage 1 Supplemental to soil treatment. Make first application when first adult flies are seen; make another 1 week later. From then on only as necessary Thrips (NHE-48) Midseason and diazinon late season malathion Yl Foliage When injury first appears and every 10 1 days as necessary. POTATOES 1 Insect Time of attack Insecticide Lb. ingred: of active ient per acre Placement Timing of application Flea beetle May-July carbaryl endosulfan endosulfan spray dust 1 i Foliage When first damage appears on leaves, and repeat as needed. Colorado potato beetle May -July carbaryl endosulfan endosulfan spray dust i y* i Foliage As needed. Potato leafhopper May-July (NHE-22) carbaryl dimethoate endosulfan spray endosulfan dust 1 0.3 y% i Foliage Weekly applications when leafhoppers first appear phorate granules 2 to 3 Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at planting but not in contact with seed. Use lower rate on sandy soils and heavier rate on heavy soils. Do not use on muck soils. Aphid (NHE-47) All season dimethoate 0.3 endosulfan spray Yt endosulfan dust l malathion l parathion X A Foliage As needed. phorate granules 2 to 3 Soilband As for leafhoppers. Blister beetle (NHE-72) All season carbaryl toxaphene V4 2 Foliage As needed. Wireworm (NHE-43) All season phorate granules 2 to 3 Soil Preplanting, disk in; or use as soilband at planting. White grub (NHE-23) All season phorate granules 3 Soil Preplanting, disk in; or use as soilband at planting. Grasshopper (NHE-74) July- September carbaryl toxaphene % A V4 Foliage As needed, control in fence rows, road- sides, ditch banks, etc., before migration. 1 Potatoes should not be grown in soil where aldrin, dieldrin, or heptachlor was applied as a soil insecticide the preceding year. GREENHOUSE LETTUCE Insect Insecticide 1 Dosage and formulation Application Aphid Garden fleahopper Mealybug Spider mite Whitefly malathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. parathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. tepp aerosol 1 lb. 5% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Armyworm Cabbage looper Cutworm Sowbug malathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. parathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Slug metaldehyde Commercially prepared bait or spray To mulch on soil surface. Do not con- taminate edible parts. 1 See page 2 for limitations between application and harvest. Insect GREENHOUSE TOMATOES Insecticide 1 Dosage and formulation Application Aphid Whitefly endosulfan aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. malathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. naled vapor 5 oz. of 4% E.C. per 50,000 cu. ft. Apply on steampipes. parathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Mealybug Spider mite Russet mite Thrip Use malathion or parathion aerosol as suggested for aphid and whitefly. Armyworm malathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Cabbage looper Cutworm Tomato fruitworm parathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Slug metaldehyde Commercially prepared bait or spray To mulch on soil surface. Do not con- taminate edible parts. 1 See page 2 for limitations between application and harvest. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Leaflets describing the life history, biology, and habits of some of the insects mentioned can be obtained from the offices of county extension advisers or by writing to Office of Agricultural Publications, Univer- sity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801. These are indi- cated by an NHE number in the tables. Other circulars on insect control are: Circular 898 — Insect Control for Livestock and Livestock Barns: Circular 899 — Insect Control for Field Crops; Circular 900 — Insect Control by the Homeowner; Circular 1004 — Pest Control in Commercial Fruit Plantings These can be obtained from the above offices or from the College of Agriculture, Urbana. FOR YOUR PROTECTION Always handle insecticides with respect. The persons most likely to suffer ill effects from insecti- cides are the applicator and his family. Accidents and careless, needless overexposure can be avoided. Here are a few easy rules that if followed will pre- vent most insecticide accidents: 1. Wear rubber gloves when handling insecticide concentrates. 2. Do not smoke while handling or using insecti- cides. 3. Keep your face turned to one side when opening insecticide containers. 4. Leave unused insecticides in their original con- tainers with the labels on them. 5. Store insecticides out of reach of children, irresponsible persons, or animals; store preferably in a locked cabinet. 6. Wash out and then bury, burn, or haul to refuse dump all empty insecticide containers. 7. Do not put the water-supply hose directly into the spray tank. 8. Do not blow out clogged nozzles or spray lines with your mouth. 9. Wash with soap and water exposed parts of body and clothes contaminated with insecticide. 10. Do not leave puddles of spray on impervious surfaces. 11. Do not apply to fish-bearing or other water supplies. 12. Do not apply insecticides, except in an emer- gency, to areas with abundant wildlife or to blossoming crops visited by bees. Avoid drift onto blossoming crops or onto bee hives. 13. Do not apply insecticides near dug wells or cisterns. 14. Do not spray when weather conditions favor drift. 15. Observe all precautions listed on the label. 16. To avoid bee kill, apply insecticides after bee activity has been completed for the day; use the least toxic materials. Warn beekeepers that you are apply- ing insecticides. 7M— 12-71— 19989 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA Q 630 7IL6C C005 CIRCULAR URBANA. ILL. 897 REV. 1972 3 0112 019540852