Congregationalists 
 and the Christian 
 Conquest of India. 
 
 By MISS ANSTICE ABBOTT 
 
 Printed for use in Mission Study Classes, being an advance 
 edition of the January, 1907, number of the 
 Envelope Series. 
 
 THE AMERICAN 
 
 BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR 
 FOREIGN MISSIONS. 
 
 14 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MASS. 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 ill 
 
 In this number of the Envelope Series we 
 present a comprehensive account of the American 
 Board's three missions in India — Marathi, Ma- 
 dura and Ceylon. The time is auspicious for the 
 printing of such a sketch, because this year thou- 
 ands of young people and adults are studying 
 Christian missions in India in connection with the 
 Study Classes of the Young People's Missionary 
 Movement. Using Dr. Thoburn's excellent text- 
 book for a general treatment of the religious needs 
 and work of this fascinating country, this little 
 pamphlet will be welcomed by these classes as a 
 supplement covering the work of our own Board. 
 The story is told, however, in a manner to interest 
 all classes of readers, and we believe any person 
 perusing these pages will be impressed by the 
 variety of our Indian work. Take the journey 
 yourself under Miss Abbott's guidance, and form 
 your own conclusions. For ourselves we have 
 viewed this array of churches, schools, hospitals, 
 asylums, industrial plants, and, most of all, the 
 noble men and women carrying on this work with 
 a new and profound sense of gratitude and admira- 
 tion. It is a great thing to be a partner in such an 
 enterprise. Miss Abbott is a sister of Rev. J. E. 
 Abbott, D.D., of Bombay, and is qualified for her 
 task by a long and fruitful ministry in the Mar- 
 athi mission. The parents of Dr. Abbott and 
 Miss Abbott labored for many years in the mis- 
 sion field. 
 
 This is the last number of the Envelope Series 
 for this year, and you should be sending us your 
 ten cents as a subscriber if you want us to con- 
 tinue your name on our list. While we circulate 
 this little quarterly freely in some directions, we 
 cannot retain our privilege of second class govern- 
 ment rate without a bona fide subscription list on 
 an extensive scale. By subscribing you help 
 yourself and at the same time enable us to help 
 others. 
 
 Cornelius H. Patton, 4 
 Home Secretary. ' 
 
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The American Marathi 
 Mission* 
 
 The Haystack prayer-meeting of 1806, cry- 
 stallized into the American Board in 1810. In 
 1813, its first missionaries landed in Bombay. 
 As soon as their errand was known, they met with 
 a most inhospitable reception. The East India 
 Trading Company of Great Britain had obtained 
 a strip of land for its commercial enterprizes, and 
 
 although peaceful in its prospectus, it was as 
 ready to defend its rights against the entering in 
 of the righteousness of the Prince of Peace as 
 against the encroachment of the French and 
 natives. 
 
 However, a new governor at last gave way to 
 the persistency of the Americans, and Samuel £ 
 Newell, Samuel Nott, and Gordon Hall were per- 
 mitted to enter the city of Bombay. In spite of 
 the hostility of climate, customs, and people, 
 these pioneers held on indomitably. Others 
 
 4 
 
joined them, and they made themselves a name 
 and place. In 1827, after fourteen years of labor 
 and discouragement, the first missionary church 
 was formed of three members. 
 
 The years that followed brought other con- 
 secrated young lives to sow the seed. Young- 
 men and women leaving home and friends, with 
 little hope of seeing them again, undertook the 
 long, weary voyage of six months from Boston 
 to Bombay, in merchant ships that furnished 
 scanty comfort or convenience. 
 
 Mrs. Harriet Newell, one of the pioneer band, 
 a woman of sweet courage, was the first to die in 
 a foreign land. Her grave, in the Isle of France, 
 is a memorial of her as precious, we can believe, 
 to the Saviour, as the alabaster box broken over 
 His feet. 
 
 Among these, who from longer lives cr greater 
 ability, were permitted to leave their mark, we 
 think especially of Gordon Hall, one of the 
 greatest of the early missionaries of the Board, 
 who, by his persistency, won Bombay; David 
 Allen in his literary labors, and Robert Hume 
 in his evangelistic and pastoral successes. 
 
 In 1831 the Ahmednagar station in the interior 
 was opened by Messrs. Graves and Read. They 
 were not long in this new field, but were followed 
 by Messrs. Ballantine, Burgess, French, and Ab- 
 bott. Twenty years later, there were in the field 
 William Barker, Samuel Fairbank, Lemuel Bissell, 
 and Richard Winsor. These opened up, or con- 
 tinued, the stations of Yadala, and Sirur. Samuel 
 Fairbank, a lover of nature, helped the people to 
 till their fields intelligently, and through nature 
 and the Gospel, has won a harvest of souls for 
 Nature’s God. Lemuel Bissell spent most of his 
 missionary life in Ahmednagar. He developed 
 the Theological Seminary and was indefatigable 
 in touring and in the care of village churches. 
 Mrs. Mary Bissell has but just passed away, hav- 
 ing rounded out more than fifty years of mission 
 service. 
 
 Richard Winsor was the first to introduce in- 
 dustrial schools, and in Sirur, he brought this 
 } phase of mission work up to an excellent standard. 
 
 In the fifties work was systematically begun in 
 the Satara district, and in 1861 in the Sholapur 
 district. 
 
 Of all these, and other pioneers, none remain. 
 
 5 
 
They have entered into their rest and “ their 
 works do follow them.” We would fain, if there 
 were more space, write of the devoted women who 
 have shared in their trials and toils and not less in 
 their joys and rewards. They have been, not 
 only true wives and mothers, but co-laborers, 
 bearing responsibilities in their own lines of work. 
 
 The past of this mission has not only a claim 
 upon our thought and sympathetic interest, but it 
 appeals directly to our present sense of duty. 
 The preparations for conquest have been well 
 made and developed; we are now desirous to 
 know how the conquest is going on. 
 
 To see is to know. We therefore pray for the 
 power to give you such a glimpse of things as they 
 are, that you will have “the substance of things 
 hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.” 
 
 We steam, let us say, at sunset, into Bombay 
 harbor, the largest and safest in the world. On 
 the right, a range of hills stands protecting, clad 
 in exquisite purples and browns. On the left is 
 the fair city, Bombay the Beautiful. The setting 
 sun gilds her towers and minarets and lights up 
 her noble buildings. No time for dreams and 
 visions, however, for from the shore come hasten- 
 ing launches and boats of every description. 
 Here comes our welcome, too, from the friend 
 who takes us and ours under his care. We are 
 soon driving through wide and clean streets. We 
 pass the Royal Yacht Club, the fine yacht cham- 
 bers, the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, then the new 
 buildings of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. for 
 Europeans. In quick succession we pass college 
 and university buildings, law courts, post and 
 telegraph, one of the finest railway stations in the 
 world, until we are filled with surprise. “Can 
 this be the India for whose uplifting I have con- 
 secrated my life?” you are saying in your heart. 
 But lower your eyes, dear friends, from the beauty 
 and greatness of the buildings and look about you, 
 especially that we have come- now into narrower 
 and more crowded streets. Here, on the right, 
 is the Monkey Temple, dedicated to Hanuman, 
 the great monkey god. Now across the street is 
 a shrine; we have a glimpse of red and tinsel, and 
 a huge, hideous face. Here, where the drums are 
 mingling in the din, are two Jain temples upon 
 whose walls are no gross images, but within are 
 unwritable abominations. 
 
 6 
 
Through all the long street of three miles, we 
 passed a veritable kaleidoscope of forms and faces. 
 People of every caste and of nearly every land. 
 People in a city where at least seventy-nine dia- 
 lects are spoken. God made all these in His own 
 image; breathed His spirit into them; gives them 
 a conscience that He may not be left without wit- 
 ness. In many good traits, they are not a whit 
 behind us. Then, why not let them alone, be- 
 lieving that their religion is good enough for them? 
 Because it isn't. You cannot realize the awful 
 gulf there is between worshipping one God, who is 
 immeasurably above you in holiness and love, and 
 the bowing down to a swarm of deities who are far 
 below the human in their morals. Until you know 
 these people, you cannot even imagine the barren- 
 ness and desolation of their hearts. It is only the 
 love of God in Christ, and the ever flowing waters 
 of the Spirit that can make “the wilderness blos- 
 som as the rose." This is what the Hindu heart 
 needs, the knowledge of the love and righteous- 
 ness of the Almighty. 
 
 We will now see what is being done in this great 
 city of 982,000 inhabitants, by the representatives 
 of the Congregational churches in the United 
 States. We drive first to the one missionary 
 compound owned by the American Board. Here, 
 on the right, is the High School building; the one 
 further on for the primary classes. The building 
 in front of us is the missionary bungalow, and on 
 the left, is Fiske Hall, the boys' boarding depart- 
 ment. Here we find Rev. B. K. and Mrs. Hunsber- 
 ger in charge. This mission school in all its de- 
 partments owes its development and well-equip- 
 ped buildings to the zeal and enthusiasm of Mr. 
 and Mrs. E. S. Hume. Nearly four hundred 
 Christian boys and girls are now receiving a solid 
 education under well-trained teachers, some of 
 whom have given many years of devoted service. 
 An efficient industrial department is connected 
 with the school and a lucrative class for embroid- 
 eries in the girls' department. Five minutes 
 away is Bowker Hall, the girls' boarding home, a 
 noble memorial of Mrs. Albert Bowker, the first 
 ) president of the Woman's Board of Missions. 
 This school, in all its departments, is an honor to 
 the Mission and a necessity to the city 
 
 Those who in the years past have graduated 
 from this school are many of them the chief sup- 
 
 7 
 
porters of the church, and active members in 
 church and mission work. Their Christian in- 
 fluence is felt in government offices and business 
 circles. 
 
 Our next visit is to the two buildings of the 
 school for the Blind. Miss Millard, who began 
 the school, is happy and busy in its development. 
 Here we find fifty boys and girls — most of them 
 saved from famine and beggary, and now happy 
 and being prepared for useful lives. The school 
 has found many friends among Europeans and 
 Indians, and is supplying a great need so far as its 
 present accommodations allow. 
 
 There are now 
 twelve other schools 
 to visit, the boys’ 
 boarding school, un- 
 der Mrs. Abbott, and 
 the day schools for 
 Hindu children; some 
 for high caste and 
 some for low caste, 
 but mostly for girls. 
 They are supervised 
 by the ladies of the 
 Mission, beside their 
 other mission duties. 
 Parents send their 
 children to the Chris- 
 tian schools to learn 
 morals and manners 
 
 REV. ,T. E. ABBOTT, D.D. 
 
 as well as books, hoping in some indefinite way 
 that the Christianity they learn, will not hurt 
 them. Among the parents, however, there are 
 many who have learned to love the Saviour 
 through the knowledge which comes to them in 
 the verses, hymns, and Bible stories which the 
 child repeats at home. Each school has its own 
 Sunday school connected with it, and as you look 
 into the bright, interested faces, it will be hard 
 for you to imagine that they are not Christian 
 children. 
 
 From these schools, we drive to the new church 
 building. A beautiful building it is. It has a 
 seating capacity of 1,000, but it is still unfinished \ 
 and unfurnished, save with the seats from the old 
 church. It awaits its dedication until its debt is 
 paid, and for this $6,000 are still wanting. They 
 are a goodly company of Congregationalists who 
 
 8 
 
assemble there, seven hundred strong. The Sun- 
 day school is flourishing and the Christian En- 
 deavor Society has many branches. 
 
 Near by the parsonage is a spot we covet for a 
 medical dispensary. Our doctor, Mrs. Gurubai 
 Karmarkar, who knows her own countrywomen as 
 no foreigner can, has two small dispensaries for 
 women, but they are inconvenient and illy placed 
 for the purpose. The women and children of the 
 Christian community depend on these dispensaries 
 and upcn the medical visits. In 6894 cases 
 treated last year, more than a thousand were 
 those of Hindu, Parsi, and Mohammedan women 
 to whom these ministrations are a means of soul- 
 saving as well as of physical healing: Not far 
 away is the home of the Karmarkars. Rev. 
 Sumantras Karmarkar is at the head of the 
 evangelistic work of the Mission in the city. He 
 is a bonafide Congregationalist, having studied for 
 the ministry in Yale and Hartford. Besides 
 preaching on the streets and in the bazaars with 
 those who accompany him, he has erected a taber- 
 nacle convenient to schools and colleges for Hin- 
 dus and Parsis, where, aided often by mission- 
 aries of every Board, he has daily preaching and 
 hours for conversation. He also edits the weekly 
 Sunday school leaflet, which is an adapted trans- 
 lation of the International Sunday school series. 
 Mr. Karmarker gives also much of his time in 
 travelling in connection with his duties as Secre- 
 tary of the Christian Endeavor Society of the 
 Bombay Presidency, and as one of the executive 
 committee of the new Indian National Mission- 
 ary Society. 
 
 We must make a flying visit to the Mission 
 Treasurer and Secular Agent, Mr. M. A. Peacock, 
 and stop at the home of Rev. Dr. J. E. Abbott 
 and Mrs. Abbott. Being the senior missionaries, 
 they have the care of the church and the Christian 
 community. Here is the center of literary ac- 
 tivity of the Mission. Dr. Abbott is the secretary 
 of the Mission and the editor of its weekly organ, 
 the Dnyanodaya , a publication which meets the 
 need cf a Christian paper throughout the districts 
 \ of this mission and those of others, and enters also 
 into innumerable Hindu homes and libraries. 
 Much of Dr. Abbott’s time is taken in the daily 
 sessions of the Bible Revision Committee, in con- 
 nection with representatives from the other prin- 
 
 9 
 
cipal missions. His influence is felt also in com- 
 mittees of the Bible Society, Tract Society, and 
 the Indian Y. M. C. A. His antiquarian re- 
 searches and papers on language are appreciated 
 and called for by Government and the Royal 
 Asiatic Society. 
 
 The mission has incurred a heavy loss in the 
 closing up of all its Bible women’s work. A year 
 ago there were two flourishing classes for Bible 
 training, and an efficient corps of Bible women. 
 
 A large weekly prayer meeting for women and a 
 Dorcas Society. There was also a most interest- 
 ing and needed home for widows of high caste. 
 Miss Abbott, who labored especially for the women 
 for eighteen years, was obliged to give up her 
 work in 1905. The Widow’s Home has been re- 
 moved to Wai, and all the rest of the work for 
 women is stopped for want of a woman to take 
 up all these branches of work again. 
 
 We have lingered at Bombay, as it is an in- 
 troductory city, historically and literally, but 
 there remains yet to be seen the greater part of 
 the Marathi Mission’s work. 
 
 On the railway journey of about two hundred 
 miles to Ahmednagar, we pass through the marshy 
 rice fields of the Konkan and then ascend by a fine 
 piece of railway engineering, the 2,000 feet up the 
 ghauts to the great Deccan plain. We have left 
 the humid heat of Bombay for a drier and clearer 
 air. If you have come with visions of tropical 
 luxuriance, they are sadly dispelled. For, unless 
 we are travelling in the rainy season there is 
 nought anywhere but brown, parched earth and 
 with few exceptions, trees of shrivelled leaves. 
 
 If, however, you pass these regions in the rainy 
 months, your dreams will be realized; rank ver- 
 dure everywhere, trees in dense foliage, streams 
 and cascades rushing down the mountain sides, 
 and the rolling meadows of the plain in beautiful 
 greens of grass and grain. On our way, we pass 
 Poona, a large, military station, two or three 
 towns, and many villages, compact and small. 
 The farmers, men and women, are working in 
 their fields, often far away from their village 
 homes, and on the roads, pass an endless proces- ( 
 sion of people and carts. 
 
 Ahmednagar is a hive of study and industry 
 and one must rise with courage and strength to 
 go the rounds of mission undertakings. The 
 
 JO 
 
city is three miles from the station, and we are not 
 much more than half there before we are stopped 
 to see the first institution. Here we find two long 
 neat buildings, the homes of two hundred lively 
 boys and girls, saved from the famine, and prov- 
 ing by their ready response to teaching and train- 
 ing their right to live. The responsible heads of 
 these houses are under the supervision of Miss 
 Nugent. Further on, we come to the large ground 
 and suitable buildings of the Normal School. It 
 is a necessity in the training of teachers to meet 
 the need of the rural districts and will call for a 
 new man to be at its head. 
 
 DR. AND MRS. R. A. HUME, DAUGHTER AND NATIVE WORKERS 
 
 At our right is another compound with three 
 buildings. We shall do well to enter the mis- 
 sionary bungalow first and be welcomed by the 
 senior missionaries of the city, Rev. Dr. Robert A. 
 Hume and Mrs. Hume. Dr. Hume, so well known 
 in America, will scarce need an introduction, and 
 we find, as we expected, that he will be our guide 
 through the city, acting on his motto : “The more 
 one does, the more one can.” He has the general 
 supervision of the church and the large Christian 
 -community in the city; is the head of the Theolo- 
 gical Seminary, the acting principal of the Normal 
 School, and has beside the Parner District of a 
 population of 71,000 for his parish. There are 125 
 villages with six churches, twenty schools, and 
 
 n 
 
thirty-two agents to supervise. Dr. Hume is pre- 
 eminently the spokesman of the Mission. Matters 
 requiring government or other official notice or 
 sanction are usually given to him for presenta- 
 tion. Mrs. Hume has charge of the two buildings 
 in the compound, the Alice Home and the Chapin 
 Home. The former has nearly 150 girls, most of 
 them saved from the famine of six years ago. 
 Nearly all are still studying and all are doing 
 something toward their support by rug weaving 
 and lace making. The Chapin Home is intended 
 to furnish a home for women who wish to become 
 Christians. It is more or less a temporary home 
 and the women are required to labor for their 
 own maintenance. To teach and to provide 
 work for so many women and children draws 
 heavily on judgment and strength, but will 
 bring forth important results in the future. 
 
 Outside the bungalow, but close by, is a dispen- 
 sary, in charge of Dr. Beals, and a hospital ward. 
 Humble in their way, but meeting the need of 
 8,360 cases the past year. There should rise 
 on these foundations a well-equipped hospital 
 especially for the training of young men for nurses 
 and assistant doctors. There is not only an in- 
 creasing need but an increasing desire for Christian 
 medical attendance in hundreds of villages and 
 from people of every caste. 
 
 Beyond the dispensary are the weaving fac- 
 tories, established by the Industrial Aids Mission 
 of England, but carried on for and by the Ameri- 
 can Mission. They give employment to hundreds 
 of Christian young people, and are under the 
 supervision of Mr. D. C. Churchill. Mrs. Churchill 
 cares specially for the girls employed in * the 
 factories. 
 
 Down by the river side, we come to the board- 
 ing department of the High School boys, full to 
 overflowing. Neatness, order, flowers, and pets, 
 prove that the boys’ hearts and bodies are cared 
 for as well as their heads. Rev*. James Smith and 
 Mrs. Smith who care for these boys, are living in 
 the adjoining bungalow. Mr. Smith is the prin- 
 cipal of the High School itself, which we will 
 presently visit. 
 
 We must hasten on to the neat little building 
 for the training of Bible women. We find it 
 closed. Why? Because there is no one who can be 
 found to parry it on! We turn away disappointed, 
 
to visit the new hospital for women. Here is 
 something to cheer us, for this fine building with 
 its equipments is a realization of years of effort 
 and prayer. 8,022 cases have been treated here 
 and in the dispensary within the city walls. Dr. 
 Ruth Hume and Dr. Eleanor Stephenson are the 
 physicians in charge. Not only Christian women 
 and children but Hindu and Mohammedan receive 
 here loving care for souls as well as bodies. 
 
 As we leave the hospital, we turn to our left to 
 enter the city itself, for in all our visits so far, we 
 have been on the outside skirting the walls. The 
 city of 38,000 souls is well walled in, and its heavy 
 gates are still closed at night. The houses for the 
 most part are low and the streets narrow and 
 swarming with humanity, and more — camels, 
 cows, goats, and dogs share with the two-footed 
 passers, the equal right of way. A few moments 
 after entering, we are whisked through a gate into 
 the compound of the girls' school. A long, low 
 building hums with the voices of the pupils. Six 
 hundred and twenty girls, from the infants of the 
 kindergarten to classes in a High School course, 
 are here in the process of being educated. The 
 teachers are bright and efficient, as you can see at 
 a glance, and they have two superintendents, 
 Miss Nugent, the principal, and Miss Gates, who 
 assists her. 
 
 These little cottages in the compound are the 
 homes of the girls, and have a matron in each. 
 The large building on the right is the old church, 
 built seventy years ago, at least, with later addi- 
 tions. It is used now for chapel exercises and 
 other needs of the school. A grand work this is, 
 training the girls of the Christian community. 
 Not only from the city, but from all the districts 
 of the Mission, are girls sent who are capable of a 
 higher education than that which is afforded by 
 the station schools. 
 
 Across the road, we enter the bungalow, long 
 associated with Mrs. Mary Bissell and her labors 
 for the poor, the maimed and the halt. Her large 
 classes of Bible women, her noon prayer-meeting 
 for Christian women, etc., will probably be now 
 carried on by her daughter, Miss Emily Bissell. 
 The latter will also continue her work as editor of 
 the Balbodhmewa , a bright and instructive ver- 
 nacular monthly for the young. Her companion 
 m this home is Mary Moulton. Rev. Henry G. 
 
 '3 
 
Bissell has charge of the Jeur district, which has a 
 population of 17,500, with thirty villages where 
 Christians live. There are six churches and a 
 Christian community of 840, nine schools and 
 seventeen native agents. How many ministers 
 in America have a parish of like extent? 
 
 We have run far out of the city, but we are only 
 accounting for the missionaries who live in the 
 city, but whose fields, like those of the farmers, lie 
 far away, and require days and nights of travel 
 and camping. We must go on, however, in our 
 
 REV. R. A. HUME, D.D. 
 
 visits, and are whirled away to the compound of 
 the High School. In one large building are the 
 class rooms of the higher grades, with a large hall 
 for chapel services; in another, the preparatory 
 classes are found. Over three hundred boys are 
 here taught. A majority of them are Christians, 
 but Hindu and Mohammedan* boys share in the 
 prraleges offered. The other buildings are for the 
 industrial classes connected with the school, 
 cabinet work of all kinds and silver and copper K 
 work. We shall find everything well done, for 
 Rev. James Smith, the enthusiastic principal, 
 believes in perfection. The young men, trained to 
 
 14 
 
use their hands as well as their heads, already give 
 promise of being the financial backbone of the 
 native church. 
 
 We hasten on to the new church, a large, im- 
 posing building, but not' too large for its con- 
 gregation of eight or nine hundred. This, too, is 
 yet unfinished, and awaiting dedication, but we 
 imagine that Dr. Hume will be indefatigable until 
 he 11 brings it to pass.” There is another church 
 that we have missed in our rounds, but it is worth 
 noting, because it makes no draft on mission 
 money nor help, except by way of sympathy and 
 counsel. It is, however, a product of past mis- 
 sionary labor and is hailed now as a co-worker. 
 
 Our last visit must be made to the Theological 
 Seminary. This consists of a neat building for 
 lectures and the like, and a hotel for the students. 
 Dr. Hume is the principal with Mr. Bissell as his 
 colleague. The curriculum of the seminary pro- 
 vide for half-year sessions, the young men being 
 employed during the rest of the year as catechists 
 or preachers according to their ability. This 
 most important institution is in urgent need of 
 better and enlarged quarters, and especially of 
 help in its staff. The missionaries who are in 
 charge are already over-burdened with their work 
 in the city and districts, and find it almost im- 
 possible to undertake this task, which to do it 
 justice requires a tax on the brain and leisure for 
 thought. 
 
 We have not visited the six schools scattered 
 about the city, lights shining in the darkness, but 
 they are worth visiting, each one. In one there 
 are fifty lively boys, all Hindus, with two Christian 
 teachers. Two are of high caste girls, neat and 
 demure, with sweet, soft voices. Still another is 
 filled with girls of the low castes, bright and ag- 
 gressive, but not as pleasing in their appearance. 
 How much more we may have missed in this mis- 
 sionary city, we do not know, but, overpowering 
 as it all seems in proportion to the staff at work, 
 the half has not been told. 
 
 We have run over two cities of this mission 
 somewhat in detail as being representative and 
 ) central. We cannot do the same for all the 
 stations that remain, although they cry out to us 
 their importance and appeal to us in their in- 
 dividual characteristics. We can only glance at 
 what is peculiar to each, and discuss more at 
 
 
our leisure what is common to all in these wide 
 fields. 
 
 We must rise early and pack ourselves into 
 roomy tangas. I say “pack” advisedly, for travel- 
 ling in India means more than oneself and a suit- 
 case. Besides our own personal belongings, we 
 are to carry the bedding and culinary department 
 of the driver, for, as he is a Maratha and going 
 among Christians, he must provide everything 
 for an independent board and lodging. These 
 other mysterious packages are a basket of bread, 
 a bag of flour, and “tell it not in Gath,” a piece of 
 beef for our dinner, already roasted by some kind 
 friend in the city, that it may keep on the way. 
 You see, we are going to drive twenty-six miles 
 into Vadala where beef is unknown in the mar- 
 kets, and mutton a scarcity; nothing but the 
 everlasting chicken. 
 
 Vadala district numbers 60,000 in population. 
 The town of Vadala is a large one and fairly pros- 
 perous. The two missionary bungalows are out- 
 side of the town. Here, too, are the boarding 
 quarters of the boys and girls who come in from 
 the village schools to prepare for higher grades 
 in Bombay or Ahmednagar. 
 
 Out of school hours, we shall find the boys busy 
 in gardening, well-digging, and road-making; 
 the girls, in the making of laces. A class of 
 women also support themselves by this industry. 
 A commodious schoolhouse, a dispensary, and 
 the new church building, are nearer the city. The 
 church is truly “a light set upon a hill.” It is 
 built large, with room to grow, for it is built in 
 faith. This is the Fairbank field. Rev. Dr. 
 Fairbank laid the foundations for mission work in 
 the district. His name is respected and cherished 
 by Hindu and Christian. His son, Rev. Edward 
 Fairbank, and Mrs. Fairbank, have the privilege 
 of continuing and increasing the work in every 
 direction. They are happy, after many years of 
 pleading for help, to have as colleagues, Rev. 
 Alden H. Clark and Mrs. Clark. Beside all the 
 work of the station, there are one hundred and 
 fifty villages to care for, twenty-nine schools, 
 twelve churches, over 4,000 Christians, and an 
 agency of seventy-two men and women workers 
 This is a peculiarly fruitful field and urgently calls 
 for more helpers. 
 
 Reluctantly we rush from this attractive place 
 
across country to Rahuri. Here we find Rev. 
 W. 0. Ballantine, M.D., and Mrs. Ballantine, in 
 charge. As his name indicates, he belongs to the 
 I. O./or India's Own, a degree conferred upon 
 all missionaries' children, by the lamented Dr. 
 Phillips, late secretary of the Sunday School 
 Union. In passing, we call your attention to the 
 fact that this mission has had no less than twenty- 
 four I. O.'s who have proved their devotion to 
 their native land by returning to labor for it. In 
 the town of Rahuri, we find as usual the station 
 school, the boarding quarters of the pupils, a 
 dispensary, and a church. In the dispensary 
 Dr. Ballantine and his assistant have treated over 
 7,000 cases. The church building is slowly rising 
 as money is received. This district has felt the 
 force of famine more than any other, and yet the 
 church is increasing and has entirely outgrown 
 the building. For industries, there is an orange 
 grove and large farms, where the school boys are 
 taught agriculture and the Christian men find 
 employment. In the town we must visit the 
 “ Christ Sadan," (Christ Home), where inquirers 
 from all parts of India can come to learn of Christ. 
 The host this time, the Rev. N. Tilak, being a 
 converted Brahmin, can more readily than a 
 foreigner, understood the difficulties of his 
 guests and give them the sympathy they need. 
 Rahuri district has a population of 95,000, with 
 170 villages, ten churches, twenty-six schools, 
 and a native agency of forty-four to super- 
 vise. 
 
 Now, away to Sirur, with a tanga drive of 
 thirty-eight miles. The district has a population 
 of ninety thousand, two churches, ten schools, 
 and thirty-five native workers. The town of 
 Sirur is well placed by a river and is often used as 
 a military station by the Government. Beside 
 the church building and the usual buildings for 
 school purposes, there is a Home for poor and 
 blind women, mostly widows, who are taught to 
 read and to work toward their support. There 
 is also a class for blind boys who are being trained 
 for useful lives. Our special attention, however, 
 is drawn to the Industrial School. It bears the 
 name of Sir D. M. Petit of Bombay, a generous 
 Parsi donor, but in reality, the institution with 
 its buildings for instruction in cabinet work 
 and rope making, and its plantation of aloes, is 
 
 17 
 
a memorial of Rev. Richard Winsor, the pioneer 
 of industrial work in the Mission. 
 
 From Sirur, another long tanga drive of forty 
 miles to Poona, where we will take the train to 
 Wattar on the Southern Marathi railway. Our 
 change here, is into a roomy phaeton, with vicious 
 and capricious ponies, who will, however, carry 
 us safely the eighteen miles to Wai. Just before 
 entering this stronghold of Brahmanism, we come 
 to the mission schoolhouse, which also serves as a 
 chapel, and next to the adjoining parsonage. 
 Since they know we are to pass by this morning, 
 the pastor and his family, teachers and pupils, 
 
 MISSION BUNGALOW OF REV. RICHARD WINSOR. 
 
 are out in full force, giving us a cheer of welcome. 
 We can only smile a dislocated smile in return, 
 for our ponies are made to gallop up the steep hill. 
 We drive through the narrow streets full of people, 
 returning from their morning ablutions in the 
 sacred Krishna and their worship in the many 
 picturesque temples on the river’s side. Across 
 the river we come again upon missionary quarters 
 with their bungalows, boarding homes, and a 
 home for teachers. Here we are welcomed by 
 Mrs. Sibley and Miss Gordon. Mrs. Sibley has 
 had charge of the evangelistic work, in town and 
 district, since 1888, when Rev. J. W. Sibley was 
 called to his reward. She has been ably seconded 
 by Miss Gordon, who has had charge of the 
 
 18 
 
educational department. We find now three 
 mission schools for high caste girls, under her 
 care. Within two years Rev. T. S. Lee and Mrs. 
 Lee have come to the greatly needed help. 
 Within a year, we hope that the Widow's Home, 
 removed from Bombay, will have a building of its 
 <own, the money being already provided by the 
 W. B. M. I. The Wai district has a population 
 of 98,000, the city 14,000. There are already 120 
 villages visited, one church, ten schools, and 
 twenty-nine agents. 
 
 Hastening on, we have a charming drive to 
 Satara, twenty-two miles distant, a city of 22,000 
 inhabitants. The surrounding district has 700 
 villages, with a population of 500,000. Satara is 
 beautiful for situation and teeming with oppor- 
 tunities for extended mission work, — a bigoted 
 city, but more approachable villages. Here, 
 again, we find a church, a dispensary, a com- 
 modious station, schoolhouse, and boarding 
 quarters for boys and girls. 
 
 Before we go any further we must visit Rev. 
 Henry J. Bruce and Mrs. Bruce, who are the 
 senior missionaries, and also visit his press. The 
 press has been at work for thirty years and has 
 sent out for gratuitous distribution millions of 
 leaflets and scripture verse cards. Each one 
 containing, as Mr. Bruce tells us, “enough of the 
 plain gospel to save a man if he would only accept 
 it and act accordingly." The church a*d station 
 schools are under Mr. and Mrs. Bruce. The vil- 
 lage work and the Hindu schools in and out of the 
 city, are under Rev. Henry Fairbank and Mrs. 
 Fairbank, both I. O. 's. They have lately been 
 sent to work in this needy and immense district, 
 where there are now only two churches and seven 
 schools. The evangelistic work is being carried 
 on by seventeen preachers and Bible women. 
 The field is great and the laborers few indeed! 
 Dr. Louise Grieve is the medical representative 
 of the Mission. She has treated 4,478 cases the 
 past year, more than two-thirds of them being 
 Hindus. A proper dispensary and a hospital ward 
 for women seems an imperative need. 
 
 Again, on our journeyings by train, we come, 
 this time, in about ten hours to Sholapur, a city 
 of 74,500, next in size to Bombay of the cities 
 within the Marathi Mission's limit. The whole 
 district has a population of 700,000, with 740 
 
 19 
 
towns and villages. A fairly good field for two 
 men to superintend! There are eight churches, 
 thirty-six schools, with about 1,200 pupils. The 
 evangelistic department in all its branches is 
 almost entirely in charge of Rev. L. S. Gates and 
 Mrs. Gates, as well as the schools for Hindu 
 children in and out of the city. Rev. Wm. 
 Hazen and Mrs. Hazen have oversight of the 
 Anglo-Vernacular and primary schools for the 
 Christian boys, their boarding home, and the 
 industrial department connected with the school. 
 The industries carried on are those of carpentering 
 and weaving of cloth, which have been most 
 successful in their products of workmen and 
 
 goods. 
 
 The girls, also, 
 have an industrial 
 department, in 
 which they weave 
 cloth, and a very 
 successful kinder- 
 garten. Connect- 
 ed with the Mis- 
 sion, although not 
 supported by it 
 nor under its con- 
 trol, is a leper 
 asylum, orphan- 
 age, dispensary, 
 and some common 
 schools, all super- 
 intended by Dr. 
 P. B. Keskar, an- 
 other independent 
 Indian worker. 
 
 We have now visited all the stations, seen build- 
 ings by the score, churches, dispensaries, work- 
 shops, schoolhouses, and homes. We have met 
 pastors and teachers, catechists, and Bible women, 
 and seen children without number in school or at 
 work. We are astonished that all we have seen 
 is supervised by so small a band of missionaries, 
 and yet we have not begun to follow them through 
 all the avenues by which their influence goes out. 
 Let us give you a glimpse of the daily service, 
 which is not seen in the buildings: 
 
 The army of agents in towns and villages re- 
 quire training, not only in preparatory schools and 
 institutions, but by personal contact. When 
 
 REV. H. G. BISSEI/L. 
 
 20 
 
these are sent ouLto their work there is need of 
 constant communication between them and the 
 missionary. To supervise, advise, instruct, and 
 encourage, the latter must often make long trips 
 to far-off villages. Then hours of correspondence, 
 and in the home must be devoted to the patient 
 hearing, and meeting, as far as possible, the tem- 
 poral and spiritual need of these same preachers, 
 teachers, and Bible women. 
 
 There are hours, too, and some of these far into 
 the night, to give to those who “would see Jesus. ” 
 Some are Nicodemuses, some who want the 
 knowledge of Christ but are not ready for any- 
 thing further. There are some who take the time 
 of the weary missionary in mere discussion and 
 cavil. Then, as for bodily ailments, complaints, 
 and quarrels which must be attended to, as cups 
 of cold water for Christ's sake, they are legion. 
 Think, also, of the hours that the pen must be 
 used in reflex influence. Letters to the A. B. 
 C. F. M., W. B. M., of W. B. M. I. officials; and 
 to a multitude of other devoted donors who have 
 saved the widow and the orphan from sin and 
 misery. 
 
 What is true of the part the Marathi Mission 
 missionaries play in the silent undermining of 
 heathenism, is true of the Madura and Ceylon 
 missionaries and need not be repeated, but to 
 learn the story here, thinking that all that is 
 necessary has been said of the grand forces at 
 work, would be to make the mistake of the 
 ignorant and indifferent. 
 
 Our army of conquest must have its officers, 
 and it has over five hundred of them. Its 
 colonels, drill-majors, and captains, are the leaders 
 and pastors, teachers and preachers. We have 
 met some of them and recognized their power as 
 organizers, preachers, doctors, and poets. Others 
 have impressed us by their patient and faithful 
 service. And what shall we say of the rank and 
 file — thirteen regiments, each a thousand strong, 
 which we find in battalions, squads, or as solitary 
 sentinels, up and down the land in three hundred 
 and thirty-eight outposts? Many of these are still 
 recruits and cadets, learning to put on the armor 
 of God. Many serve by the wonderful transfor- 
 mation of their lives, living cleanly lives and up- 
 holding the cross in the midst of their heathen 
 neighbors. Do you see in all the darkness, in 
 
 21 
 
city streets, village roads, and across the fields 
 tiny little lights twinkling in every direction? 
 These are the scouts, 4,300 of them — all Hindus. 
 Children of every caste, hurrying home from 
 Sunday school with, maybe, only a spark, but a 
 spark from the Living Fire, or a tiny burning 
 wick which shall light father or mother out of the 
 bondage of darkness into the light and liberty, 
 and conquering power of the Christian Host. As 
 one of the missionaries has told us, village schools, 
 as evangelistic agencies, can never be over- 
 estimated. We can safely number them in the 
 sum total of the army. 
 
 The Madura Mission. 
 
 We have come more than a thousand' miles 
 from the Marathi Mission, to this city of Madura, 
 the center of the Madura Mission and its Con- 
 gregationalist work. 
 
 The Madura Mission has one great advantage 
 over the Marathi Mission in the compactness of 
 the district which it occupies. One can say of it : 
 
 It is so long and so wide, and that throughout its 
 length and breadth it is the exclusive missionary 
 field of the A. B. C. F. M. In the Marathi mis- 
 sion the districts are scattered, some of them 
 being more than a hundred miles from any of the 
 others. They share the land also with other 
 missions, making the strain of mission comity, 
 at times, a hindrance. In the Madura Mission, 
 the missionaries have virtually the field to them- 
 selves. Before we look about to see things as 
 they are, let us question how they came to be. 
 
 It seems that the Ceylon Mission, already 
 started, wished to enlarge its borders, and sent 
 men to spy out the neighboring continent. Find- 
 ing it a goodly land, Messrs. Hoisington and Todd 
 were, in 1834, sent over to open a station. They 
 were at first received with contempt or indiffer- 
 ence by the influential Hindus, but when they 
 saw that in marked contrast with the reception 
 in Bombay, English gentlemen received these . 
 missionaries with courtesy, they became afraid of f 
 their influence and began to hate and oppose them. 
 
 The next year, Dr. Poor came to open schools, 
 and by his tact and ability, laid the foundation of 
 the present successful educational system. Mr, 
 
 22 
 
Lawrence came over the same year, and in his 
 evangelistic tours virtually defined the borders of 
 the present mission. In 1837 six missionaries 
 and their wives largely reinforced the workers 
 and began work, not only in Madura city, but in 
 the surrounding district. Dr. Tracy seized upon 
 Pasumalai as a strategic point for training future 
 teachers and pastors, He and his wife were per- 
 mitted over forty years of labor, and were able to 
 hand over to their successors a theological semi- 
 nary and many village schools. Dr. G. T. Wash- 
 
 burn developed the seminary to its present effi- 
 ciency, and added normal, industrial, and col- 
 legiate departments. Among those who have 
 passed on to higher service, the names of Dr. 
 Steele and Dr. Chester are cherished in memory, 
 by Hindus and Christians alike, for their skill and 
 sympathy in medical service. The names of Mr. 
 Capron and Mr. Noyes are held in reverent 
 memory for their work in establishing churches 
 and in strengthening the Christian community, 
 Mrs. Noyes and Mrs. Capron for their extended 
 work among women and girls. The latter is still 
 living, and is one of those devoted women who 
 23 
 
have given their lives in, and out of India, for the 
 women of that country. 
 
 What Christ has wrought through the many 
 who could give but few years of service, being re- 
 moved from the field of their chosen labor by ill- 
 ness or death, who can say? He knows them all 
 by name and “their works do follow them.’, 
 Madura is a city of about 87,500, and is blatant- 
 ly a Hindu city. Here is Hinduism, pure and 
 simple. Its great temples with their massive and 
 decorated towers, stand in open defiance of the 
 Almighty. Its shrines and priests, and above all 
 the men, women, and even children, who go 
 thronging in and out the huge temple gates, are 
 
 all in direct contrast 
 to the simple and per- 
 fect purity and love 
 of the Holy and Cru- 
 cified One. 
 
 Rev. and Mrs. John 
 S. Chandler are on 
 furlough , but Rev. D. 
 S. Herrick and Mrs. 
 Herrick will give us a 
 welcome and an escort • 
 to see this well- 
 ordered mission. 
 
 Beside the care of 
 the churches and large 
 s u p e r i n t endence of 
 the evangelistic work 
 in the city in the ab- 
 sence of Mr. Chandler, Mr. Herrick is connected 
 with the college department, which is an out- 
 come of the High School. But two years of 
 the collegiate course are now offered to students, 
 for the want, as usual, of money and men. We 
 find the majority of the students are Hindus, 
 having all the privileges, educational and spiritual, 
 with the Christians. Rev. W. W. Wallace is the 
 principal of the college, the president, Mr. 
 Zumbro, being on furlough, which, in its evan- 
 gelizing opportunity, brings far more responsibi- 
 lity than a purely educational institution can 
 offer. Mr. Wallace is also the treasurer of the 
 Mission. Only those who have had experience 
 of mission finances can realize what a drain this 
 makes on the judgment and patience of the 
 treasurer, to say nothing of his time. 
 
 REV. J. S. CHANDLER. 
 
 2 4 
 
Closely connected with this college are its 
 feeders, the High Schools for boys and girls. Mr. 
 Wallace superintends the school for the boys, 
 Miss Noyes, that of the girls. These High Schools, 
 with their preparatory classes, are educating 752 
 boys and girls. The girls occupy the fine build- 
 ing, called Capron Hall, a memorial of her who 
 still lives. The Christian life and activity of this 
 school is seen in its large Sunday school; its three 
 branches of Christian Endeavor Society; its bene- 
 volences and its personal work for Hindu children. 
 
 A Normal department has lately been added to 
 the educational force in the city and has sent out 
 thirty-eight teachers equipped for work, young 
 women as well as young men. 
 
 While the young people of the Christian com- 
 munity are so well cared for, the Hindu children 
 are by no means neglected. We find 682 Hindu 
 boys in the village and station primary schools, 
 and 400 Hindu girls attending four schools in 
 different parts of the city. Mrs. Herrick has 
 charge of these most interesting schools for girls, 
 and despite all the other duties which come to 
 her, she would most enthusiastically go with us 
 to visit all the four, if only we had the time. 
 The seed sown in the hearts of Hindu girls bears 
 fruit. Although few of them may come out 
 as Christians, yet they carry home the Gospel 
 and the mothers are quickened in conscience 
 and softened in heart. And they, themselves, 
 when they have homes of their own, make ever 
 welcome the missionary and the Bible woman. 
 The Hereafter will prove that angels do the reap- 
 ing, which is not always permitted workers 
 below to do. 
 
 From the schools, we turn to the Lucy Perry 
 Noble Bible Training School of which Miss Swift 
 has long been the head. No nobler work is done 
 than the training of women to become the bearers 
 of the Good News of Salvation to the thousands of 
 their own country women, and this institution 
 well fulfils its mission. The young women receive 
 a thorough training in their course and have also 
 the privilege of practical work; that of the usual 
 Bible women's work; preaching in the streets and 
 homes of villages, assisting in Sunday schools, 
 children's meetings, and sewing classes. 
 
 Not far from this building is the Women's 
 Hospital and dispensary. The total number of 
 
 2 5 
 
treatments given for last year were 39,789, all 
 treated by one lady, Dr. Parker! There is a good 
 staff of assistants, some of whom, however, are 
 still under training. Of the 16,000 patients, 
 more than a third were Hindu women. And 
 what is more wonderful, 820 were Mohammedan 
 women. Dr. Parker’s duties do not end with the 
 hospital and dispensary, for she often joins the 
 missionaries in their itineracies, and so reaches 
 cases of dire need which cannot be brought to 
 Madura for treatment. 
 
 Another triumph of Christianity is this fine k 
 building under the care of Dr. Van Allen. Many 
 
 MISSION HOSPITAL FOR MEN, MADURA, 
 
 of you have met the genial doctor and all have 
 heard of this famous hospital built entirely by 
 gifts from Hindus. This hospital, with the dis- 
 pensary attached, has treated over 22,000 cases 
 the past year. Here, as in all hospitals and dis- 
 pensaries under mission control, the Gospel is 
 preached that the sick and suffering, maimed and 
 dying, may know that now, as of old, the Great 
 Healer is the one physician in every case. 
 
 We cannot leave Madura without visiting its 
 four churches, with an aggregate average popula- 
 tion of over 1,300. Three of these are now en- 
 entirely self supporting, — good congregational 
 churches, with earnest Indian pastors. These, in 
 common with other station churches in the 
 
 
Madura Mission, have village** churches or con- 
 gregations under their individual care. The 
 reports from some of these are most encouraging. 
 In one village, fifty persons have this year come 
 over in a body to Christianity. Another small 
 church has given Rs. 400 — about $133 — toward 
 a new church building. 
 
 We have drawn largely upon the time and 
 hospitality of the busy missionaries by our visit; 
 calling them aside from classes, patients, and 
 desks to meet our inquiries and satisfy our desire 
 to see for ourselves, but we have seen no im- 
 patience, so happy are they to share with us the 
 joy and trial of accomplishment. 
 
 A short and pleas- 
 ant drive from Madu- 
 ra brings us to Pasu- 
 malai, the center of 
 educational activities. 
 
 It is r p re -eminently 
 the training center. 
 
 Here, besides the ele- 
 mentary and High 
 Schools, there is a 
 Normal School, In- 
 dustrial departments, 
 and the Theological 
 Seminary. Of the six 
 hundred members of 
 the Christian commu- 
 nity in this town, five 
 hundred are pupils in 
 these various institutions. Rev. J. X. Miller and 
 Mrs. Miller have the charge of the preparatory and 
 training schools which include Normal and Indus- 
 trial departments. Rev. Dr. J. P. Jones, the present 
 mission secretary, has in charge the Theological 
 Seminary and the Mission Press. He, with Mrs. 
 Jones, has also the supervision of the Christian 
 community and the evangelical work. The 
 seminary has had on its rolls, the past year, 
 twenty-seven men and seventeen women. This 
 mission believes in trained Bible women. The 
 work in this institution means sermonizing, ser- 
 mon criticism, and vocal training, besides the 
 more exacting class work. Every Wednesday 
 afternoon they go out in bands for village preach- 
 ing. The press, another of Dr. Jones’ specialties, 
 has printed over one and a half million pages, the 
 
 REV. J. P. JONES, D.D. 
 
 27 
 
past year, 66,903 books and tracts, beside local 
 job work. Seven boys are in training for com- 
 positors and bookbinders. Dr. Jones is also 
 editor of two mission periodicals, The True News, 
 an Anglo-Tamil semi-monthly, and The Joyful 
 News , a Tamil monthly. The latter is published 
 in missionary and Christian Endeavor interests. 
 Dr. Jones is well known to the readers of the 
 Congregationalist, from his many able articles that 
 appear on its pages. While he is teacher, super- 
 intendent, and editor, yet he keeps himself alive 
 to all Indian interests, and his pen seems ever 
 ready to convey his thoughts to others. Follow- 
 ing the influences which surround a boy from a 
 primary school through the Theological Seminary, 
 we can easily account for the efficiency of the 
 Madura districts. 
 
 There are eight stations of the Madura Mission 
 in which the missionaries live, and these are sur- 
 rounded by villages in which also work is carried 
 on. The whole district has 530 villages in which 
 Christians live. 
 
 At Manumadura, the southernmost station, we 
 find Rev. E. P. Holton and Rev. C. S. Vaughan 
 with their wives. This station was opened in 
 1864 and has two churches, thirteen schools, and a 
 native agency of fifty-two in a population of 
 380,000. Mr. and Mrs. Holton have each, in their 
 own sphere, the charge of the churches, the schools 
 and the dispensary. This last has had 5,387 cases 
 to treat. They report great satisfaction in the 
 itineracies and in the condition of the village 
 schools and congregations. Here, besides the 
 station school, we find a flourishing industrial in- 
 stitution under Mr. and Mrs. Vaughan. This, in 
 all its departments of carpentry, blacksmithing, 
 farming, lace making, and sewing r is doing great 
 things for the Christian boys and girls. Many of 
 these are in the boarding and elementary schools 
 of the station but spend a part of their time in 
 manual training. Only a lack of capital for a 
 foundation, prevents this institution from be- 
 coming self-supporting 
 
 It will be difficult to drive across country to 
 Aruppukottai, so we must return to Madura and 
 then turn south again to visit this interesting 
 station under Rev. J. C. and Mrs. Perkins. It 
 was opened in 1851 and has seven churches in the 
 town itself and in the villages, of which there are 
 
126 where Christians live. There are thirty-nine 
 schools with forty-seven teachers. We find two 
 boarding departments under Miss Quickenden’s 
 care and also a fine school of seventy bright, 
 Hindu girls. Thus, while education is not 
 neglected, we would call this pre-eminently an 
 evangelizing station. There are fift}^-seven pas- 
 tors, catechists, and Bible women, ministering to 
 eighty-nine congregations, with an average Sab- 
 bath attendance of 2,464. These statistics are 
 but the hands on the face of a clock to indicate 
 the daily and hourly work that is being done. 
 Much of it is out of sight of man but all recorded in 
 the Book of Life. 
 
 NATIVE PASTORS EDUCATED AT PASUMALAI. 
 
 Tirumangalam, near and west of Madura, was 
 one of the first stations to be opened. In a popu- 
 lation of 285,000, we find Rev. H. C. and Mrs. 
 Hazen at work. They have fifty-two congrega- 
 tions to superintend, including four organized 
 churches with Indian pastors. In the town itself 
 there is a boarding school for boys, and scattered 
 about in villages, there are twenty-four other 
 schools to superintend. Christians are living in 
 sixty-three villages, and many of these by their 
 work among their neighbors should be enrolled 
 among the active agencies in the spreading of the 
 Gospel. 
 
 We must now hasten away to Dindigul, nearly 
 
 29 
 
north of Madura and on the railway line. This 
 was the second station to be occupied, probably by 
 Dr. Poor in 1835, for schools seem to flourish here. 
 Rev. F. E. Jeffery and Mrs. Jeffery must have 
 their hands full, for they have not only Dindigul 
 but Battalagundu station to superintend. Din- 
 digul has a boarding school, a station day school, 
 two schools for Hindu girls, and twenty village 
 schools. In its population, of town and district, 
 of 320,000, there are five organized churches 
 among the forty congregations. In the Batta- 
 lagundu district of 146,000, there are also five 
 churches among its nineteen congregations. In 
 the town there is a boarding school and the usual 
 station and village schools. We know that in 
 the stress and distraction of this double care, the 
 missionaries would certainly break down if it were 
 not for the 102 faithful and earnest men and 
 women who, although laboring under their 
 superintendence, are yet able to hold up their 
 hands as Hur of old. 
 
 A missionary and his wife are obliged to go 
 home on furlough, because they are broken down 
 in health, or to avoid breaking down. The 
 neighboring missionary family already carrying 
 burdens greater than they can bear, must in some 
 way step into the gap and be responsible in 
 financial and all other ways for two stations in- 
 stead of one. This is a simple statement. Would 
 to God that the churches and their young people, 
 especially, could see the cruelty of it! — to the 
 missionaries and to the work. 
 
 Leaving our appeals for another time, we are 
 now on our way to Periakulam, where Dr. and 
 Mrs. Tracy will welcome us and tell us something 
 that is being done by the fifty native workers in 
 their care. In their population of 320,000, they 
 have seven churches scattered about the fifty 
 nine villages where Christians live. One of the 
 churches is at Kodikanal, the sanatorium of 
 the Madura Mission. The Palani Hills begin an 
 abrupt ride at Periakulam and a jolting ride up 
 8,000 feet, in a chair or dooly, brings one to an 
 exquisite hollow in the mountain whose peak 
 rises still 1,000 feet higher. A lovely lake, dense 
 verdure, a profusion of ferns and flowers, grand 
 views in every direction, constitute this an ideal 
 resting place, and shelter from the heat. Mis- 
 sionaries of other Boards are found here, also, in 
 
 30 
 
increasing numbers. The annual conference, 
 held here for the deepening of the spiritual life, 
 brings together in unity and fellowship, workers 
 of every denomination. Dr. Tracy has the care, 
 secular and parochial, of this station, and, of 
 course, the usual schools and congregations through 
 his district. 
 
 Down the mountain again, whirled around cor- 
 ners, poised in midair over frightful precipices, 
 we are after all, safely at the bottom, and packed 
 off in a bullock bandy for a long journey to Palani, 
 the most northern station. Mr. and Mrs. El wood 
 seem far away from the others, but evidently they 
 have too much to do, 
 to be often lonely. 
 
 This is, next to Manu- 
 madura, the newest 
 station to be opened, 
 in 1862. It has a sta- 
 tion church and the 
 usual station and vil- 
 lage schools. In its 
 population of 215,000 
 there are sixteen con- 
 gregations to be cared 
 for. These are not 
 provided with pastors 
 as in the organized 
 churches and require, 
 consequently, a great- 
 er supervision by the 
 missionary. Preaching must be kept up regularly 
 on Sunday if possible, and so the missionary must 
 often, week after week, fill two or three little 
 school pulpits in a day. 
 
 One more station to visit, and this one, Melur, 
 is nearer to Madura than many of the others, but 
 has been just out of our circuit. Rev. J. J. Ban- 
 ninga and Mrs. Banninga are holding the fort 
 here. They have 500 villages to visit in a popu- 
 lation of 340,000; 225 of these were visited last 
 year and had the gospel preached to them. Of 
 course, Melur has its boarding school and its day 
 schools. In one of the Hindu girls’ school there 
 is an enthusiastic Christian Endeavor Society. 
 In fact, there are many C. E. societies in thejHindu 
 schools scattered throughout the mission. In the 
 Christian and Hindu schools taken together, 
 there are 175 societies, with 3,600 members, a 
 
 3 1 
 
promise of great things for the future. As we 
 visit the village schools and are amused or in- 
 terested in the lively pupils, we have this to take 
 to heart: from these schools come the thousands 
 of Christian men and women, and out of the 
 higher schools that they may attend, come the 
 six hundred and twelve agents of the mission. 
 The village school is an institution that the 
 Congregational churches must cherish. 
 
 One is greatly impressed with two things in 
 connection with this mission. First, the number 
 and thoroughness of its itineracies. Not only do 
 the missionaries train Catechists and Bible women 
 but many spend the greater part of their time in 
 touring themselves. And this is not all, for such 
 a work means constant communication with the 
 agents in reference to their temporal needs as well 
 as their spiritual equipment. Second, in con- 
 nection with the itineracies there is the distribu- 
 tion of Bibles, Gospel portions, tracts, and books. 
 Of the scriptures in some form, 3111 were sold or 
 given away the past year. And of tracts, 74,761 
 were distributed. Claiming the promise: “My 
 word shall not return to me void/’ we rejoice in 
 the great work that these silent messengers are 
 accomplishing. 
 
 In leaving this mission, we feel that half has not 
 been seen nor heard of the various departments 
 under its control. We wish all our friends could 
 have seen a copy of the Madura Mission Report , 
 compiled by Mr. Banninga. It would have been 
 profitable and interesting reading. There are 
 not, however, copies enough to furnish the gen- 
 eral public. 
 
 Ceylon Mission* 
 
 Unless the boats are greatly improved in these 
 later days, we must summon our courage for a 
 protracted toss, or our patience for a protracted 
 calm, in crossing the straits to Ceylon, the last 
 mission on our program and the smallest. 
 
 Jaffna, in the northern part of Ceylon, was ap- 
 proved as a mission station by Samuel Newell 
 as early as 1814, for while he was awaiting per- 
 mission to enter Bombay, he was skirting the 
 coast of India. In 1816, Messrs. Richards, Meigs, 
 and Poor, with their wives, began their work 
 on this little peninsula. They sent back so 
 
 3 2 
 
good a report of the land and its needs, that 
 in 1820, they were joined by Messrs Spaulding, 
 Winslow, Woodman, and Sc udder, with their 
 wives. By this time, the English government 
 began to be alarmed at the American innova- 
 tion and forbad others to enter. This restric- 
 tion was removed in 1832. As elsewhere, 
 the foundations of mission work were laid in 
 schools. At first, in small village schools but as 
 early as 1826, the Batticotta Seminary and the 
 Oodooville Female Boarding School were started 
 in faith and hope. The pioneers of this mission 
 
 had great advantages. Not only was the govern- 
 ment favorable to their entrance, but it gave 
 them permission to repair and occupy the ruined 
 churches and parsonages, left by the Protestant 
 Dutch when they gave over Ceylon to the Eng- 
 lish. The people, too, were not opposed to 
 Christianity, having been normal Christians under 
 the Dutch rule of more than a hundred years. It 
 was only twenty years before the first American 
 missionaries arrived that England had taken pos- 
 session of Ceylon and proclaimed neutrality in 
 religion. The missionaries appreciated their ex- 
 ceptional advantages and pressed their work with 
 vigor. They began among the high castes, who 
 were glad to give their children the opportunities 
 
 33 
 
of education. Among those who were permitted 
 to labor long and fruitfully, we recall the names 
 of Dr. and Mrs. Spaulding, who gave fifty-three and 
 fifty-five years of active service in this field. 
 Messrs. Meigs, Poor, and Winslow had also many 
 years of successful work. Prominent among the 
 workers we recall the names of the Misses Mary 
 and Margaret Leitch, who spent some eight years 
 in this field, and who, since their release, by their 
 labors both in England and the United States 
 have made possible the establishment and endow- 
 ment of the Medical Work at Inuvil. We remem- 
 ber also the name of Miss Agnew, who gave forty 
 years to her beloved Oodooville school, and 
 trained in it for Christ and the church, more than 
 1,000 girls, mostly from heathen homes. The 
 medical work was started by Dr. Scudder, and 
 medical training of students in 1833 by Drs. 
 Ward and Green. Among the later missionaries 
 who have finished their work on earth, we recall 
 Rev. Thomas S. Smith. 
 
 The first convert of the American Board from 
 heathenism was a Tamil of Jaffna, and the first 
 church organized that of Batticotta, in 1817. 
 Before our other two missions had scarcely made 
 a foothold in the country, they hoped to possess, 
 this mission had four organized churches. With 
 its bright beginnings, its strong force of mis- 
 sionaries, and the intelligent and educated lay- 
 laborers by whom they were supported, we won- 
 der that Jaffna is not wholly conquered for Christ 
 after these ninety years of missionary occupation. 
 The field is small, containing only 300,000 of 
 population, and has always been far better 
 manned than any of the other missions. What 
 has been the hindrance? It is the old trouble: 
 While the husbandman slept, the enemy sowed 
 tares. As soon as the English government pro- 
 claimed neutrality and the people could worship 
 as they pleased, the priest of Buddhism and of 
 Brahmanism took quick advantage to lure the 
 people back to their ancestral faiths, and to this 
 day, by opposition and by rival educational in- 
 stitutions they are fighting hard to defend their 
 land from the conquest of Christ. Therefore it 
 is that missionary work must continue and be 
 prosecuted more vigorously than ever. And for 
 this reason, we are eager to see what is now being 
 done in the six principal stations we are to visit. 
 
 34 
 
In Vaddukkoddai (formerly spelled Batticotta) 
 we see^ Jaffna College, an outcome of the old 
 Batticotta Seminary, a fine building now with 
 its one hundred young men, a college that affi- 
 liates with the Madras and Calcutta Univer- 
 sities. Mr. W. E. Hitchcock, the acting principal, 
 in Mr. Hasting’s absence on furlough, assures us 
 that with the aid of endowments raised in the 
 United States, and of about $8,000 raised in 
 Jaffna, and with the annual fees required, the 
 college pays its own expenses without help from 
 the American Board or of the government. 
 
 GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL AT UDUVIL, JAFFNA. 
 
 Nevertheless, it is a missionary college and carried ^ 
 on along those lines. There are from five to 
 seven American workers in this institution, in- 
 cluding the wives, the latter, who besides having 
 classes in the college, have the charge of Bible 
 women or other missionary responsibilities. In 
 this town also, we find a large English school 
 entirely under Tamil management and support, 
 but in mission sympathy. Here are other large 
 schools, also, for boys and girls, that receive 
 liberal government grants on account of their 
 efficiency. There are sixteen hundred children 
 in these schools receiving a Christian education. 
 
 At Manepay, Dr. T. B. Scott and Mrs. Scott 
 are superintending the work which is largely 
 educational, and yet Dr. Scott has the charge of 
 the large mission hospital and the dispensary 
 
 35 
 
connected with it, making medical visits in the 
 outlying villages as well. As for the schools, 
 there is a flourishing boarding school for girls, 
 and thirteen primary schools for boys and girls 
 in Manepay and the neighboring villages. A 
 large English school is also here. The English 
 schools require fees from their students and with 
 the aid of government grants, pay their own 
 expenses with no help from the Board. 
 
 At Tellippallai we find a very interesting Nor- 
 mal School under Rev. J. H. Dickson. It has 
 always been attended by high caste young men 
 who have been trained into efficient and accept- 
 able teachers. This last year, an innovation has 
 brought forth an unexpected result. After a long 
 and careful deliberation, two low caste boys were 
 admitted into the school. The whole school de- 
 camped, leaving only the two boys. By twos and 
 threes, the high caste boys gradually returned, 
 but persecution was fierce and came to a climax, 
 in burning down the house of one of the teachers. 
 At this the Government interfered and forbade 
 any annoyance to the school. Now there are two 
 low caste boys with the usual attendance of the 
 high castes. The government grant has been the 
 highest on record, and better than all, the re- 
 ligious interest has deepened. There is another 
 large English school and twenty-eight town and 
 village schools requiring supervision. Besides all 
 this, Mr. Dickson has superintendence of the 
 mission press, which last year had printed 3,000,- 
 000 pages of literature. Among its publications 
 is the Morning Star , the weekly paper of the Mis- 
 sion, and the Sunday school lesson notes, beside 
 many books and tracts. 
 
 At Uduppiddi, we find Rev. G. G. Brown and Mrs. 
 Brown in charge. Here is a girls’ boarding school, 
 an English school, and forty-one primary schools, 
 each one requiring personal supervision, although 
 the teachers are usually faithful and efficient. 
 These are evangelical centers, not only on ac- 
 count of the daily Gospel teaching but because 
 the desk of the teacher is the pulpit of the mis- 
 sionary and the catechists. 
 
 At Uduvil, we must first visit the old Oodooville 
 Seminary which recalls Miss Agnew. We find it 
 now in a beautiful new building with Miss How- 
 land in charge, who has herself given over thirty 
 years of love and strength to this same school. 
 
 3 ^ 
 
A good proportion of this large number of bright 
 girls are from non-Christian homes. But when 
 they leave the school, very few of them will go 
 out non-Christians. In all the years of its past, 
 this Christian home has been sending out Christian 
 young women to fill their places in life as wives, 
 mothers, teachers and Bible women. We can 
 truly believe that its influence in Christianizing the 
 district of Jaffna, is as great-, if not greater, than 
 any other institution. “As the mothers so are the 
 people.” 
 
 Miss Howland has but lately returned from 
 furlough. In her absence, Miss Helen Root, the 
 vice-principal, was obliged to take entire charge, 
 while she continued 
 her superintendence 
 of the Normal 
 School and English 
 School. And this 
 was not all of her 
 burden, for during 
 the enforced absence 
 of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Brown from Udup- 
 piddi, the girls’ 
 boarding school 
 there was trans- 
 ferred for a year to 
 Uduvil. This ne- 
 cessitated great 
 temporary arrange- 
 ments for their ac- 
 commodation add- 
 ing to Miss Root’s care and anxiety. All of 
 this, of course, for want of a lady to fill up the 
 gap made by furlough. 
 
 At Inuvil we see a fine hospital building and 
 dispensary, and hear that the evangelical work 
 has been most abundant and successful. But the 
 hospital itself, a center of Christian work and in- 
 fluence, is closed, as the doctor in charge, Miss 
 Isabel Curr, M.D., who had been doing double 
 duty by superintending the General Hospital in 
 Manepay as well as her own, in the absence of 
 Dr. and Mrs. Scott, is now obliged in her turn, to 
 take a furlough. There is no one to fill her place, 
 consequently hundreds must suffer and many die 
 for want of Christian care. 
 
 We have now visited the principal stations and 
 
 MISS S. R. HOWLAND. 
 
 37 
 
seen schools, primary, normal, and English,! 
 boarding schools, a fine college, dispensaries,! 
 hospitals and churches. But above all, we have 
 seen the men and women that make all these or- 
 ganizations a living force. The missionaries are 
 at the head, but there is a noble band of pastors, 
 principals, and teachers from the Tamils them- 
 selves, men and women pressing Christ’s claims 
 by their example as well as their labors. A large 
 body of trained catechists and Bible women also 
 are silently and effectively at work. The Chris- 
 tians themselves have a Home Missionary Society 
 and a Foreign Missionary Society. There are 
 Christian Endeavor Societies. The Y. M. C. A. 
 is flourishing. Sewing societies and girls’ clubs 
 have their part in all of these important factors in 
 the Christianizing of Jaffna. 
 
 We learned some time ago that, as far as figures 
 went, the Ceylon mission was better manned than 
 any other mission. It has certainly more mis- 
 sionaries in proportion to population in the dis- 
 tricts they covet for Christ, but the number is 
 none the less pitiable. Four missionaries and 
 their wives, with three single ladies, beside those 
 connected with the engrossing work of the college ! 
 The time is strategic. Every child in the penin- 
 sula should be taught of Christ. There are 136 
 village schools with over 10,000 pupils, but what 
 are these among the over 100,000 children? And 
 even these few village schools are in danger, 
 many of them, of being closed for want of the 
 little money required to carry them on. If the 
 children are not for Christ, where will be the army 
 that is to go forth to conquer? 
 
 Now, you, who have made this flying visit with 
 us to the three Congregational missions of the 
 American Board, what are you going to do about 
 it? You have seen the widow cared for; thous- 
 sands of orphans given a home and training for 
 useful lives; you have seen and heard of nearly 
 five hundred primary schools with over 20,000 
 pupils; you have had great interest in the higher 
 and industrial schools; your hearts have rejoiced 
 over the training schools for teachers, catechists, 
 and Bible women; you have been happy to take 
 by the hand many an earnest pastor and teacher; 
 you have rejoiced to call the leaders your friends, 
 and yomhave looked with loving wonder on the 
 men and women of your own country who give. 
 
their lives and strength in controlling and guiding 
 and caring for the temporary, as well as spiritual 
 need of this vast army. 
 
 Now, are you going to fold your arms and close 
 your purse in your satisfaction that Congrega- 
 tionalism is going on all right in India? If so, 
 you have missed everything. You have missed 
 seeing Christ Himself at the head of this little 
 band, loving it, encouraging it, but who, with His 
 wondrous pitying eyes looks upon the Congrega- 
 tional churches in America, and wonders that 
 there is none to come up to the help of the Lord, 
 save these few, against the millions of Satan’s 
 forces. 
 
 You have been shown all these things that you 
 might give the more — give yourself. 
 
 39 
 
Secretary Barton on Present Conditions 
 in India and Ceylon* 
 
 (We print below an extract from the annual 
 survey of the work of the Board, presented by 
 Secretary Barton at the annual meeting. It 
 gives an excellent statement as to the situation 
 in India.) 
 
 There are no missions of this Board that for a 
 generation have been so free from external dis- 
 turbances as have been the missions in India and 
 Ceylon. In those countries no political up- 
 heavals have occurred, and the work of the mis- 
 sionaries has had the approval and cooperation of 
 the governments. At the same time the people 
 themselves have been friendly and for the most 
 part ready to respond. In these respects, as well 
 as in other particulars, these three missions differ 
 widely from our missions in Turkey, China, and 
 some other countries. The great drawbacks to 
 the progress of Christian work among the people 
 of India are the famines that occur altogether too 
 frequentty and the scourges of cholera and plague 
 that so afflict the land. To this is to be added the 
 poverty of the common people, due in part to the 
 economic conditions of the country and in part to 
 caste, indolence, and lack of forethought. 
 
 Our three missions in these countries include 
 two of the oldest missions of the Board. We 
 have a distinct field assigned to us by common 
 consent, in which dwell some 7,000,000 of people. 
 These look to our missionaries and to this Board 
 for their Christian teaching and general enlight- 
 enment. 
 
 We have established among these two distinct 
 races, the Marathis and the Tamils, all phases of 
 Christian work. In no country have we a clearer 
 or more complete exhibit of evangelistic, educa- 
 tional, medical, literary, and industrial work than 
 appears in these three missions. Our eighty- 
 three missionaries reside at twenty-one different 
 centers, including the largest and most important 
 towns in their districts. Outside of these station 
 centers there are nearly one thousand different 
 places occupied by some mission institution, like 
 a church or preaching place or school or, in a few 
 
 40 
 
cases, by only a group of Christians, exerting their 
 influence for Christ. This vast and varied work, 
 covering great areas of country, was looked after 
 in detail last year by a trained Christian native 
 force numbering 1,481 men and women. Many 
 of these are men of liberal education and widely 
 recognized ability. All have been trained for 
 this work in mission institutions, and to the work 
 they give their entire time and strength. For 
 every male American missonary connected with 
 these three missions there are, upon an average, 
 forty-three trained native Christian workers. 
 This fact clearly shows the policy of these missions 
 as regards the training and employment of a 
 native agency. 
 
 There are 115 organized churches, with a native 
 membership at the present time of 14,354, or an 
 average of 125 members to each church. Last 
 year these churches added nearly nine hundred 
 members upon confession of their faith. Three 
 fine new stone churches were erected, one in 
 Pasumalai, one in Bombay, and one in Ahmed- 
 nagar, and another was completed in Yadala. 
 The Christian work has been characterized by a 
 real revival spirit in many places. 
 
 The educational work culminates in three theo- 
 logical schools for men, one in each mission, and 
 * two schools for training Bible-women, both in 
 India. Jaffna College in Ceylon and the American 
 Madura College at Madura comprise the collegiate 
 institutions ; but the high schools for boys at 
 Bombay and Ahmednagar and for girls at Uduvil, 
 Ceylon, Madura, Ahmednagar, and Bombay, 
 with their many feeders, are doing much to break 
 down prejudice and to prepare men and women 
 for Christian leadership. 
 
 The most of the accessions to the churches came 
 from these schools. Pasumalai College, with over 
 one thousand pupils in all departments, is greatly 
 enlarging its plant, and has been reorganizing its 
 departments and forces in order to greater unity 
 and efficiency. In all of the schools conducted 
 by our three missions there studied last year 
 24,456 pupils. All these selected Indian youth 
 were thus brought under direct and positive 
 Christian instruction. These schools afford a 
 most favorable opportunity for inculcating Chris- 
 tian truths, while at the same time they open tho 
 
 41 
 
door of approach to the Mohammedans and 
 Hindus. 
 
 The great suffering of the people and the un- 
 usual influence of medical missions have led to 
 the development of this arm of the work for both 
 men and women in all three of these missions. 
 Medical missions require no explanations, and 
 their beneficent service is immediately recog- 
 nized by all classes of people. To the great mass 
 of India’s suffering multitudes the missionary 
 hospital surpasses their highest conception of 
 heaven. Last year the physicians connected with 
 these three missions treated over 91,000 cases, 
 although one hospital w^as closed, owing to the 
 absence upon furlough of the physician in charge, 
 and another was open only a part of the year. 
 The missions are in a position to render in this 
 respect even a larger service during the year to 
 come. This enumeration does not include three 
 leper asylums superintended by our missions, 
 but supported by the London Society for Work 
 among Lepers. 
 
 The economic and industrial conditions in 
 India have compelled our missions to introduce 
 into their educational system many forms of 
 industrial training. It is found that, for the 
 youth of that country, some form of industrial 
 training is calculated to do more toward the 
 awakening of the intellect and the development of 
 character, than the ordinary educational course 
 alone. Our missions as well as the government 
 are practically agreed that some form of indus- 
 trial training has a large place in the best educa- 
 tional systems for India. We have this line of 
 work well developed at Bombay, Ahmednagar, 
 Sirur, Sholapur, and in Ceylon, while plans for 
 the same work in connection with the college at ' 
 Madura are maturing. The famines have com- 
 pelled our missions to provide for large numbers 
 of orphans, and this has necessitated industrial 
 operations as a means of support, while inciden- 
 tally they * have taught independence and self- 
 reliance. It has been demonstrated that the 
 student who engages in some industrial training 
 exercises each day makes more substantial and 
 rapid progress in his regular studies than do those 
 who do not work with their hands 
 
 All of these missions have continued to push 
 the work of preparing and issuing a Christian 
 
 42 
 
literature in the vernacular as well as in English, 
 the language used by all educated Indians. 
 Several million pages have been issued during the 
 year, and the output is not yet equal to the 
 demand. 
 
 An interesting feature of the Christian work in 
 these three missions is that of their financial 
 support. The people for the most part are 
 desperately poor. In spite of this fact, last year 
 they gave for the support of their own Christian 
 and educational institutions 146,000 rupees, or 
 $48,666. This great sum was given in a land 
 where a day's wage for a common laborer averages 
 less than ten cents and where an educated man 
 serves as pastor for a native church upon a salary 
 of from $50 to $100 a year, and yet some people 
 still remark that these poor Indians become 
 Christian for what they can get out of it in money. 
 At the same time, the Indian and the Ceylon 
 governments have assisted our three missions in 
 direct grants in aid of hospitals, schools, and in- 
 dustrial operations amounting in all to over 
 100,000 rupees, or $33,300. In the face of this 
 fact some say that local governments are not in 
 favor of missionaries or of their work. 
 
 The entire 7,000,000 souls for whom we are at 
 work in these three missions are directly accessible 
 to the influences of the gospel, and might be 
 reached at once if only we had a sufficient force of 
 workers. The three missions are calling for im- 
 mediate re-enforcement, in order to hold the work 
 now organized, to say nothing of entering new 
 and wide-open doors. 
 
 43 
 
AN 
 
 ASSURED INCOME 
 For LIFE 
 
 Write to the Treasurer of the American 
 Board for information as to the Plan for 
 
 CONDITIONAL GIFTS 
 
 By this plan donors may secure the 
 guarantee of the American board, than 
 which there is none better, for the 
 
 semi-annual payment, during life, of an 
 amount equal to a good rate of in- 
 terest, the principal to go ultimately to 
 the work of the American Board. 
 
 The Points are these : 
 
 1 Safety 
 
 2 Regular and prompt payment 
 
 3 No change of securities 
 
 4 No care required 
 
 5 A fair rate of interest 
 
 6 The final use of the money given for the 
 
 best missionary purposes 
 
 The plan is most heartily commended 
 by the soundest financiers. Address 
 
 FRANK H. WIGGIN, 
 
 Treasurer A. B. C. F. M. 
 
 Congregational House - Boston, Mass. 
 
The AMERICAN BOARD has sets of 
 
 Stereopticon Slides 
 
 on different phases of 
 
 MISSION WORK 
 
 IN CHINA, INDIA, AFRICA, JAPAN, 
 TURKEY, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, 
 MICRONESIA AND SPAIN, 
 
 which they are glad to send out to 
 pastors, Sunday-school superintendents, 
 and others who wish to use them in the 
 interests of the work of the Board. Each 
 set is accompanied by a description or 
 lecture, making it possible for them to be 
 used by one who is not specially in- 
 formed on the country presented. 
 
 The only expense is that the express charges 
 shall be paid on the slides, and that losses by break- 
 age be made good. 
 
 Applications should be made, as long in advance 
 of the time when they are to be used as possible, to 
 
 JOHN, G. HOSMER, 14 Beacon Street. Boston. 
 
 REV. C. C. CREEGAN, D.D., 4th Ave. and 22d 
 Street, New York City. 
 
 REV. A. N. HITCHCOCK, Ph.D., 153 LaSalle 
 Street, Chicago, 111. 
 
 REV. H. M. TENNEY, Barker Block, Berkeley, 
 California. 
 
The Forward Movement 
 Missionary Library 
 
 This excellent library should find a place in 
 every Sunday School and in the homes of all in- 
 terested in the world-wide work of missions. 
 
 The entire collection of sixteen volumes in 
 original bindings may be purchased for 
 $10 cash. Sets not broken. Express 
 charges extra. 
 
 Transformation of Hawaii Belle M. Brain 
 
 The Gist of Japan Rev. R. B. Peery 
 
 Chinese Characteristics Arthur H . Smith, D.D. 
 The Cross in the Land of the Trident 
 
 Harlan P. Beach 
 In the T iger Jungle Jacob Chamberlain, D.D. ,M. D . 
 The Bishop's Conversion 
 
 Mrs. Ellen Blackmar Maxwell 
 My Life and Times Cyrus Hamlin, D.D. 
 
 Personal Life of David Livingstone 
 
 Wm. G. Blaikie, D.D. 
 In Lands Afar Edited by E . E. Strong, D.D. 
 
 Famous Missionaries of the Church 
 
 C. C. Creegan, D.D. 
 
 The Healing of the Nations 
 
 J. Rutter Williamson, M.B. 
 Social Evils in the Non-Christian World 
 
 J. S. Dennis, D.D. 
 The Evangelization of the World in this Generation 
 
 John R. Mott 
 
 The Ecumenical Conference Report. 2 vols. 
 
 The Chinese Slave Girl Rev. A. T . Davis 
 
 cAddress JOHN G. HOSMER, Agent 
 
 I 4 BEACON STREET 
 
 BOSTON, MASS 
 
By MRS. THEODORA CROSBY BLISS 
 
 FOR TEN YEARS A MISSIONARY IN MICRONESIA 
 
 MICRONESIA 
 
 Fifty Years in the Island 
 World 
 
 HISTORY OF THE MISSION 
 OF THE AMERICAN BOARD 
 
 This is a fascinating story of missionary work in one 
 large section of the Pacific Islands. It is the first complete 
 history of what has been attempted and accomplished 
 through the missionaries of the American Board among the 
 nature-peoples of Micronesia. The book has been written 
 by one who has shared in the work in Micronesia, and her 
 facile pen depicts graphically the interesting history. The 
 volume will be of the same style and about the same size as 
 “ Christus Redemptor,” which forms the basis for study for 
 next year in many missionary organizations of all denomin- 
 ations. But “ Christus Redemptor/’ which covers the whole 
 Island World, could give but little space comparatively to 
 Micronesia, and this volume of Mrs. Bliss will be essential 
 to a knowledge of this important part of the field. The 
 volume will be fully illustrated from photographs of scenes 
 in the islands. 
 
 Price in cloth, 50cts.; paper covers, 30 cts. 
 
 4 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE 
 
 AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS 
 
 FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 JOHN G. HOSMER, Agent 
 14 BEA-CON STREET, BOSTON, 
 
3 0 
 
 12 059259371 
 
 Send contributions for the work of the Amer- 
 ican Board to 
 
 FRANK H. WIGGIN, Treasurer, 
 
 Congregational House, Boston. 
 
 Literature and leaflets of the American 
 Board may be had by addressing 
 John G. Hosmer, Congregational House, 14 
 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Or at the offices of the District Secretaries : 
 Rev. C. C. Creegan, D D., 4th Avenue and 
 22d Street, New York City. 
 
 Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, Ph.D., 153 La Salle 
 Street, Chicago, 111 . 
 
 Rev. H. Melville Tenney, Barker Block, 
 Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 “THE MISSIONARY HERALD.” 
 Single Subscriptions, 75 cents; in clubs of 
 ten, 50 cents each. 
 
 FORM OF BEQUEST. 
 
 I give, devise and bequeath unto the “Amer- 
 ican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
 sions,” incorporated in Massachusetts in 1812, 
 
 the sum of dollars 
 
 to be expended for the appropriate objects of 
 said corporation.