UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS IGR1CULTURE WBRARS 3 o Circ ulating copy Agricultural Libn ary UNIVERSITY OF __ ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN AGRICULTURE For Aphides or Plant Lice use Kerosene Emulsion on all Plants. SPRAY CALENDAR, E. O. LODEflAN. MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. BULLETIN NO. 30 . April IS, 1895. Re-prlnted by consent of Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station, given by I. P. Roberts, Its director, to P. Schweitzer, acting director of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. In the preparation of this calendar the most important points regarding sprays have been selected and arraugod in such a manner that the grower can see at a glance what to apply and when to make the applications. The more important insect and fungous enemies are also mentioned, so that, a fairly clear understanding of the work can bo obtained by examining the table below. When making the applications advised, other enemies than those mentioned are also kept under control, for only the most serious ones could he named iu so brief an outline. The directions given have been carefully compiled from the latest results obtained by leading horti¬ culturists and entomologists, and they may be followed with safety. Notice.— In this calendar it will be seen that some applications are italicized and these are the ones which are most important. The number of applications given in each case has particular reference to localities in which fungous and insect enemies are most abundant. If your crops are not troubled when some applications are advised, it is unnecessary to make any. It should be remembered that in all cases success is dependent upon the exercise of proper judgment in making applications. Know the enemy to be destroyed ; know the remedies that are most effective; and, Anally, apply them at the proper season. Be prompt, thorough and persistent. Knowledge and good judgment are more necessary to success than any definite rules which can be laid down. PLANT. First Application. Second Application. Third Application. Fourth Application. Fifth Application. Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux. For bud moth, Arsenites when leaf buds open. When blossoms have S-12 dags later, Bor- 10-14 days later. Bor- (Scab, codlin moth, bud moth.) swelling, copper sul¬ phate solution. fallen. Bordeaux and Arsenites. deaux and Arsenites. deaux. Bean (Anthracnosc.) When third leaf cx- }>a»ds, Bordeaux. 10 dags later, Bor¬ deaux. 14 days later, Bor¬ deaux. 14 days later, Bor¬ deaux. Cabbaok . ( Worms, aphis.) Carnation.. (Bust and other fungous diseases, red spider. ) When worms or aphis are first seen, Kerosene emulsion. When rust is first no¬ ticed, Bordeaux. Kero¬ sene emulsion when red spider is first seen. 7-10 days later, if not heading, renew emulsion. For rust repeat first in 10-14 dugs. For red spider repeat in 8-4 days. 7-10 dags later, if heading, hoi water 120 degrees F. Repeat second using the Ammoniacal car¬ bonate of copper if plants are in bloom. Repeat third in 10- 14 days if necessary. Repeat, second as before, if necessary. (When plants are small, Arsenites may be used to check worms.) Cherry . .. (Rot, aphis, slug.) As buds are break¬ ing, Bordeaux; when aphis appears. Kero¬ sene emulsion. When fruit has set, Bordeaux. If slugs appear, dust leaves with air-slaked lime. Hellebore. 10-14 days if rot appears, Bordeaux. 10-14 days later, Ammoniacal copper carbonate. Currant . (Mildew, worms.) At first sign of worms, Arsenites. 10 day8 Inter, helle¬ bore. If leaves m ildew, Bordeaux. If worms persist, Hellebore. Gooseberry . (Mildew, worms.) When leaves expand, Bordeaux. For worms ns above. 10-14 days later, Bordeaux. For worms as above. 10-14 dags later, Am¬ moniacal copper carbon¬ ate. For worms as above. 10-14 dags later, re¬ peat third. Grape . (Fungous diseases, Flea-beetle.) I 11 spring when buds swell, copper sulphate solution. Paris green for flea-beetle. When leaves arc 1- 1 1-2 inches in diame¬ ter, Bordeaux. Paris green for larva of flea- bcctlc. When flowers have fallen, Bordeaux. Paris reen as before. 10-14 dags later, Bor¬ deaux. 10-14 days later if any disease appears, Bordeaux. Nursery Stock . ... (Fungous diseases.) When first leaves ap¬ pear, Bordeaux. 10-14 days, repeat first. 10-14 days, repeat first. 10-14 days, repeat first. 10-14 days, repeat first. Peach, Nectarine, Apricot . Before buds swell, copper sulphate solu- Before tlowers open, Bordeaux. When fruit has set, Bordeaux. When fruit is nearly grown,Ammoniacal cop- 5-10 days later re¬ peat fourth. Pear. (Leaf blight, scab, psglla, codlin moth.) ■ As buds are swell¬ ing. copper sulphate solution. Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux Kero¬ sene emulsion when leaves open for psglla. After blo8S\wis have fallen. Bordeaux and Arsenites. Kerosene emulsion if nc less ary. 8-12 days later, re¬ peat third. 10-14 days later, Bordeaux. Kerosene emulsion applied forci¬ bly for psylla. Plum. (Fungous diseases, curculio.) During first warm dags of carlg spring. Bordeaux for black knot. When hares are off in the fall, Kerosene emul¬ sion for plum scale. When buds are swell¬ ing, Bordeaux for l.wit mill oilier winter.Kerosene sion for plum scale. When blossoms have fallen, Bordeaux. Begin Jo jar trees for curculio. ^tefor'H buds start in ™ a- mg , Kerosene emul¬ sion for plum scale. 10-14 dags later, Bor¬ deaux. Jar trees for curculio every 2-4 dags. For San Jose scale, Kerosene emulsion when young appear in spring and summer. 10-20 dags later, Bor¬ deaux for black knot. Jar trees for curculio. When young plum scale insects first ap¬ pear in summer, Kero¬ sene emulsion. Potato. (Scab, blight,beetles.) Soak seed for scab in corrosive sublimate so¬ lution (2 0to 16 gals, of water) for 90 min¬ utes. When beetles first ap¬ pear, Arsenites. When vines are two- thirds grown, Bordeaux. Arsenites for beetles if necessarg. 10-15 days later, re¬ peat third. 10-15 days later, Bor¬ deaux if necessary. 10-20 dags later, Bor- 10-20 dags later, Bor- ( Leaf and fruit spot.) appear, Bordeaux. Bordeaux and Arsen¬ ites. Bordeaux. deaux. deaux. Raspberry., i Blackberry V . Dewberry. . J (Anthracnosc, rust.) Before buds break, copper sulphate solu¬ tion. Cut out badly diseased canes. During summer, if rust appears on leaves, Bordeaux. Repeat second if necessary. (Orange or red rust is treated best by de¬ stroying entirely the affected plants.) Ro 1 ( Mildew, black sjtot, red spider, aphis.) For mildew. Key) heating pipes painted with ct/iinl parts of lime and sulphur mixed with water to form a thin paste. For black spot. Spray plants once a week with Ammoniacal copper carboiiate, using fine spray. For red spider. Spray plants twice a week with Kerosene emulsion. Apply to under side of foliage. For aphis. Spray affected parts with Kerosene e m vision when necessarg. Strawberry. (Rust.) As first fruits are set¬ tling, Bordeaux. As first fruits are ripening, Ammoniacal copper carbonate. When last fruits arc harvested, Bordeaux. Repeat third if foli¬ age rusts. Repeat third if nec¬ essary. Tom \to (Rot, blight.) At first appearance of blight or rot, under glass or out of doors, Bordeaux. Repeat first if dis¬ eases are not checked. Repeat first when necessary. , f Violet. (Blight, red spider.) When blight is first seen in summer, Bor¬ deaux. Kerosene emul¬ sion for insects when necessarg. Repeat first in 10-20 days for blight. Repeat first in 10-20 days for blight. Repeat first if nec¬ essary. (Bordeaux mixture has been tested for violet diseases only to a limited extent.) Sixth Application. 10-14 days later, Bor deaux. 10-14 days, Ammo- niacal copper carbon¬ ate. Make later ap¬ plications of this if necessary. 10-14 days repeat first. 5-10 days later, re peat fourth if neees- 10-14 days later, re¬ peat fifth if necessary. 10-20 (lags later, Bor¬ deaux for black knot. Later applications mag be necessary to prevent leaf spot and fruit rot, use Ammoniacal copper carbonate. (Kerosene emulsion must be used very di¬ lute, as rose foliage is easily injured by it.) (Youngplants not in bearing may be treat¬ ed throughout the fruiting season.) (Kerosene emulsion must be used very di¬ lute, as violet foliage is easily injured by it.) Bordeaux nixturc. Copper sulphate.. f> pounds QmLJunc t - w ^ Dissolve the copper sulphate by putting it in n hag of coarse cloth and hanging this in a vessel holding at least 4 gallons, so that it i* just covered bv the water. Use an earthen or wooden emit*/ Slake the lime in an equal nmount of water Then mix the two and add enough water to make 40 gallons. It is then ready for immediate use but will keep indefinitely. If the mixture is to be used on peach foliage 11 is advisable to add an extra pound of lime to the above formula. When applied to such plants as curoations or cabbages it will adhere better if about a pound of hard soap he dissolved in hot water and added to the mixture For rots, moulds, mildews and fungous diseases. Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate. Copper carbonate .1 ounce Ammonia.. .enough to dissolve the copper Water. . g gallons The copper carbonate is he-si dissolved in large boulcs, where 11 will keep indefinitely, and it should be diluted with water as required. For the same purposes as Bordeaux mixture FORMULAS. Copper Sulphate Solution. Copper sulphate..i..« pound Water. ... 15 gallons Dissolve the copper sulphate in the water, when it is ready for use. This should lin er he applied to foliage, but must he used before the buds break. For peaches and'ncciarines use 25 gallons of water. For fungous diseases. Paris Green. 1 poi ind ....200-300 gallons If this mixture is to be used * on peach trees, t pound of quicklime should he added. Repeated applications will in¬ jure most foliage, unless lime is added. Paris green and Bordeaux mixture ran be app/ie, together with perfect safety. Use ut the rate of 4 ounces of the arsenites to <0 gallons of the mixture. The action of neither is weakened, and the Paris green loses all caustic propertici. For insects which chew. London I urple. This is used in the same prop >i position of London purple is exceedingly variable, and un¬ less good reasons exist for supposing that it contains as much arsenic as Paris green, use the latter poison. Do not use London purple on peach or plum trees unless considerable lime is added. For insects wnich chew. Hellebore. Fresh white hellebore..... i ounce Water. .3 gallons Apply when thoroughly mixed. This poison is not so ener¬ getic os the arsenites and may he used a short time before the sprayed portions mature. For Insects which chew. Kerosene Emulsion. Hard soap. ■■■’A pound Boiling water .1 gallon Kerosene.a gallons Dissolve the soap in the water, add the kerosene, and churn with a pump for 5-10 minutes. Dilute 10 to 25 times before applying. Use strong emulsion for all scale insects. For insects which suck, as plant lice, mealy bugs, red spider, thrips, bark lice or scale. Cabbage worms, currant worms, and all insects which have soft bodies, can also be success¬ fully treated. Black Knots on Plums or Cherries should l»e cut out and burned as soon as discovered.