O O VJ y. ■^r-bi ILLINOIS STATE LABORATORY OF NATURAL HISTORY LIBRARY ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ L I E) R.AR.Y OF THE UN IVLRS ITY or ILLl NOIS I^MtWRAL HISTORY SURVE 550.5 FI REMOTE .1 Field Columbian Museum Publication 120 Geological Series Vol. Ill, No. 5. ANALYSES OF IRON METEORITES COMPILED AND CLASSIFIED Oliver Cummings Farrington, Curator, Department of (Jeology Chicago, U. S. A. March i, 1907. ANALYSES OF IRON METEORITES COMPILED AND CLASSIFIED BY OLIVER CUMMINGS FARRINGTON Chemical analyses may be collected and grouped for purposes of record and of comparison. For the first purpose it is desirable that all known analyses of the substances under consideration be collected ; for the second, only those known to be complete and reliable are needed. A combination of these two purposes may perhaps be gained, however, by collecting all analyses and leaving to the judgment of the investigator the selection of those suited for the study of any par- ticular phase of the subject. This plan is practically that which has been adopted in presenting the analyses here collected. In many cases obviously incomplete analyses are given because they represent all that is known of the chemical constitution of the meteorite in question, or because they mark a stage in its study. On the other hand, analyses which amount to little more than a qualitative deter- mination of the presence of iron and nickel, or whose connection with a particular meteorite is uncertain, are omitted. About three hundred and sixty analyses are here included, and it is believed that they com- prise practically all of importance that have been made of iron meteorites. When more than one analysis of a meteorite is given, the analyses have been arranged chronologically. For the most part the later analyses are the most complete and reliable ones, though this is not always the case. Thus those by J. Lawrence Smith, although made thirty and in some cases forty years ago, accord well with what is known of the constitution of the iron meteorites at the present day and may be considered generally accurate and reliable. The same is true of analyses by Jackson, Berzelius, Damour, and others. As shown later, the relations between structure and composition brought out by the analyses as here grouped are so definite that at the present time a knowledge of the structure of a meteorite will give a more accurate idea of its composition than inferior chemical analyses. The general plan of arrangement which has been adopted 59 6o Field Columbian Museum — (iEOLoGV, Vol. III. for the analyses is that now generally known as the Rose-Tscherniak- Brezina classification. This seemed the classification most desirable to employ on account of its wide use, and when it was found, as will be seen by the tables, that the chemical constitution of the meteorites follows its main divisions, its adaptation to the work in hand seems unquestionable. Under each group of the classification the arrange- ment of the meteorites is alphabetical. Synonyms of the meteorite names will be found on subsequent pages. The characterization of the meteorite groups which head the tables have largely been sum- marized from Cohen.* In considering the analyses it should be realized that some of the groups are much better known than others. Thus the ataxites and hexahedrites were thorough' studied by Cohen and their composition satisfactorily determined. The fine octahed- rites have also been mostly investigated. The coarse and medium octahedrites, however, though more numerous than the groups just mentioned, are but imperfectly known and need detailed modern study. In a list following the tables meteorites of which no analy- sis is known are marked with an asterisk. These- number about forty. In addition, many meteorites, analyses of which are reported in the tables, have never in fact been properly studied. The only ex- tensive list of analyses of iron meteorites which has lately been previ- ously compiled of which the writer is aware is that of Wadsworth, published in 1884.7 This list includes one hundred and ninety-three analyses of iron meteorites and terrestrial irons, arranged in order of the per cent of nickel. No further attempt at classification is made. While Wadsworth's list is fairly complete as regards older analyses, it includes several pseudo-meteorites, and obviously does not ade. quately represent present knowledge. The first recorded attempt at analysis of an iron meteorite is probably to be found in the examination in 1802, by Count de Bournon, J of some so-called native irons from Bohemia, Senegal, and South America. In these Count de Bournon found percentages of nickel ranging from five to ten per cent, but it is stated by Howard else- where in the paper that owing to lack of knowledge of the pecu- liarities of nickel these figures are little more than estimates. The next year Klaproth § reported one and one-half to three and one-half per cent of nickel in the iron meteorite of Hraschina, and expressed the opinion that the presence of nickel might serve as a criterion for * Meteoritenkunde, Heft III. t The Rocks of the Cordilleras, Memoirs Museum Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass , Vol. .\I. Part I, pp. vi-.\vi, Table II. I Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc, London, 1802. ^ .Abhandl. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1803, 21-41. March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 61 judging the meteoric origin of a body. Cobalt was reported by Stromeyer in the iron meteorite of Cape of Good Hope in 1816,* and copper by the same investigator in 1833.J Stromeyer expressed the belief that copper was, with cobalt, a constant ingredient of meteoric nickel-iron, and this conclusion was later corroborated by SmithJ on the basis of more than one hundred analyses. Chromium was dis- covered as a component of meteoric nickel-iron by Laugier in 181 7. § The presence of manganese and tin in meteoric nickel-iron was also early reported. The presence ot other metals or semi-metals reported at different times, such as zinc, lead, arsenic, and antimony, has not been confirmed, while the presence of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, noted by several analysts, is doubtless to be referred to small quantities of silicates which either formed a constitu- ent of the meteorite, as in Tucson, Tula, etc., or accidentally contami- nated the material analyzed. The occurrence of phosphorus in me- teoric nickel-iron seems first to have been noted by Berzelius Ij in the undissolved residue of Bohumilitz. It was similarily reported by analysts who followed Berzelius, but percentages were not commonly given until later times. Sulphur was early noted as an ingredient of meteoric stones and later of irons. Since it occurred as a soluble constituent, it was more often reported in the early analyses than phosphorus. The presence of carbon as graphite was noted by Ten- nant*' in 1806 in the Cape of Good Hope meteorite. Being, like the phosphides, insoluble, its presence was often later reported in insolu- ble residues, but its amount was rarely given. Silicon, as reported in the earlier analyses, whether as metal or oxide, is probably for the most part to be referred to accessory silicates. With later methods, however, its detection in small quantities as an ingredient of the nickel-iron has become possible. The first detection of chlorine as an essential constituent of iron meteorites seems to have been by Jack- son in 1838,** in the meteorite of Limestone Creek. Its presence has been occasionally but not commonly reported by later.analysts. Deter- minations of specific gravity of the iron meteorites examined seem to have been common. While these are probably for the most part fairly reliable, some of the values reported are too anomalous to seem trustworthy. * Gottingisclie Gelehrte .\nzeigen, 1816, 2041-2043. t Gottingische Gelehrte .Anzeigen, 1S33, 369-370. i Am. Jour. Science, 1870 (21, 49, 332. 'f, Ann. Chem. Pharm., 1817, IV, 363-366. ! Pogg. Ann., 1S32, XXVII, 128-132. * Tillochs Phil. Mag., London, 1806. XXV, 1S2. ** Am. Jour. Science (i), 34, 332-317. 62 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. IRON METEORITES. These are meteorites consisting essentially of nickel-iron. Most of them contain, in addition, an appreciable amount of sulphides, car- bides, and phosphides, but the presence of silicates in quantity removes a meteorite from this class. The iron meteorite of Tucson contains about five per cent of forsterite, and the meteorites of Kodaikanal, Persimmon Creek, and Tula also contain silicate aggregates, but in small quantities. In general, it may be said that if the quantity of silicate grains exceeds five per cent the meteorite is not considered as belonging to the class of iron meteorites. About two hundred and fifty iron meteorites are now recognized, the exact number being in- determinate on account of differences of opinion as to identity of origin in several cases. The chief divisions of iron meteorites, accord- ing to the Rose-Tschermak-Brezina classification, are hexahedrites, octahedrites, and ataxites. These are sub-divided as follows: CLASSIFICATION OF IRON METEORITES ACCORDING TO ROSE, TSCHERMAK, BREZINA, AND COHEN I. Hexahedrites. A. Normal hexahedrites. B. Brecciated hexahedrites. II. Octahedrites. A. Normal octahedrites. 1. Coarsest octahedrites. 2. Coarse octahedrites. 3. Medium octahedrites. 4. Fine octahedrites. a. Prambanan group. />. Rodeo group. 5. Finest octahedrites. a. Salt River group. (^. Tazewell group. c. Cowra and Victoria \Vest. B. Hammond octahedrites. C. Brecciated octahedrites. III. Ataxites. A. Nickel-poor ataxites. 1. Si rati k group. 2. Nedagolla group. 3. Rafruti group. March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 63 C. D. Nickel-rich ataxites. 1. Smithland group. 2. Cristobal group. 3. Octibbeha. Ataxites with forsterite. Ataxites with cubic streaks. The follows : iron meteorites enumerated according to groups sum up as Octahedrites: Coarsest . 13 Coarse 30 Medium . 98 Fine 33 Finest 14 Brecciated 6 Hammond . 3 Unclassified 4 201 Ataxites 30 Hexahedrites 17 Total 248 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF IRON METEORITES. The following is an alphabetical list of iron meteorites, showing the classification of each. An asterisk indicates that no analysis of the meteorite is reported. Abert Iron Medium octahedrite Bald Eagle Medium octahedrite *Adargas Medium octahedrite Ballinoo Finest octahedrite Algoma Medium octahedrite Barranca Blanca. . .Brecciated octahe- Ait Biela Fine octahedrite drite *Amates Medium octahedrite Beaconsfield Coarse octahedrite Angara Medium octahedrite Bear Creek Fine octahedrite *Apoala Fine octahedrite Bella Roca Fine octahedrite Arispe Coarsest octahedrite Bendego Coarse octahedrite Arlington Medium octahedrite Bethany Fine octahedrite Asheville Medium octahedrite Billings Coarse octahedrite Auburn Hexahedrite Augustinowka Fine octahedrite Babb's Mill Ataxite Bacubirito Finest octahedrite Bingera Hexahedrite Bischtube Coarse octahedrite Black Mountain Coarse octahedrite *Blue Tier Medium octahedrite Bohumilitz Coarse octahedrite 64 Field Columbian Museum — (iKOlogy, Vol. III. Boogaldi Fine octahedrite Botetourt Ataxite Braunau . . .■ Hexaliedrite Bridgewater Fine octahedrite Buckeberg Fine octahedrite Burlington Medium octahedrite Butler Finest octahedrite *Dellys Medium octahedrite Denton County Medium octahedrite Descubridora Medium octahedrite De Sotoville Hexahedrite Duell Hill Coarse octahedrite Elbogen Medium octahedrite El Capitan Medium octahedrite Cabin Creek Medium octahedrite *E1 Tule Medium octahedrite Cacaria Hammond octahe- *Emmitsburg Medium octahedrite drite Cachiyuyal Medium octahedrite Cambria Fine octahedrite Campo del Cielo. . .Ataxite Canton Coarsest octahedrite Canyon Diablo Coarsest octahedrite Canyon City Coarse octahedrite Cape of Good Hope . Ataxite Caperr Medium octahedrite Cape York Mediumloctahedrite Carlton Finest octahedrite Carthage Medium octahedrite Casas Grandes Medium octahedrite *Casey County Coarsest octahedrite Central Missouri. . .Coarsest octahedrite *Haniel el-Beguel. . .Medium octahedrite *Chanaral Coarse octahedrite Hassi Jekna Fine octahedrite Forsyth County Ataxite Fort Duncan Hexahedrite Fort Pierre Medium octahedrite Franceville Medium octahedrite Frankfort Medium octahedrite Glorieta Medium octahedrite Grand Rapids Fine octahedrite Greenbrier County. . Coarse octahedrite Groslee Fine octahedrite Guilford County Medium octahedrite Hammond Hammond drite octahe- "Hayden Creek Medium octahedrite Hex River Hexahedrite Holland's Store .'. . . Hexahedrite Hopewell Mounds. . Medium octahedrite Hopper Medium octahedrite Hraschina Medium octahedrite *Ilimae Medium octahedrite 1 llinois Gulch Ataxite Indian Valley Hexahedrite Iquique Ataxite Iredell Hexahedrite I vanpah Medium octahedrite *Jackson County Medium octahedrite Jamestown Fine octahedrite Jennie's Creek Coarse octahedrite Jewel Hill Fine octahedrite Joel's Iron Medium octahedrite Joe Wright Medium octahedrite Jonesboro Fine octahedrite Juncal Medium octahedrite Dalton Medium octahedrite Deep Springs Ataxite Kendall County .... Hexahedrite Uehesa Ataxite Kenton County Mediumoctahedrite *L.harcas Medium octahedrite *Chambord Charlotte Fine octahedrite Chesterville Ataxite *Chichimeguilas Chilkoot Medium octahedrite Chulafinnee Medium octahedrite Chupaderos Fine octahedrite Cincinnati Ataxite Cleveland Medium octahedrite Coahuila Hexahedrite Colfax Medium octahedrite Coopertown Medium octahedrite Cosby Creek Coarse octahedrite Costilla Medium octahedrite Cowra Finest octahedrite =^ Cranberry Plains. . .Octahedrite Cranbourne Coarse octahedrite Cuba Medium octahedrite Cuernavaca '. . Fine octahedrite March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 65 *Kodaikanal Fine octahedrite Kokomo Ataxite Kokstad Medium octahedrite La Caille Medium octahedrite Lagrange Fine octahedrite Laurens County Finest octahedrite Lenarto Medium octaliedrite Lexington County. .Coarse octahedrite Lick Creek Hexahedrite Limestone Creek. . .Ataxite Linville Ataxite Locust Grove Ataxite *Lonaconing Coarse octahedrite Losttovvn Medium octahedrite *Lucky Hill Medium octahedrite Luis Lopez Medium octahedrite *Madoc Fine octahedrite Magura Coarse octahedrite Mantos Blancos .... Finest octahedrite Marshall County. . . Medium octahedrite Mart Finest octahedrite Matatiela Medium octahedrite Mazapil Medium octahedrite Merceditas Medium octahedrite Misteca Medium octahedrite *Moctezuma Medium octahedrite *Mooranoppin Coarsest octahedrite Moonbi Fine octahedrite Morito Medium octahedrite Morradal Ataxite Mount Joy Hexahedrite *Mount Stirling Coarse octahedrite Mungindi Finest octahedrite Murfreesboro Medium octahedrite Murphy Hexahedtite *Nagy-Vazsony Medium octahedrite Narraburra Creek. .Finest octahedrite Nedagolla Ataxite Nejed Medium octahedrite Nelson County Coarsest octahedrite Nenntmannsdorf . . Ataxite N'Goureyma Brecciated octahe- drite Niagara Coarse octahedrite *Nochtuisk Coarse octahedrite *Nocoleche Medium octahedrite Oktibbeha County.. Ataxite Orange River Medium octahedrite *Oroville Medium octahedrite Oscuro Mountains.. Coarse octahedrite Pan de Azucar Coarse octahedrite *Persimmon Creek. .Brecciated octahed- rite Petropawlowsk Medium octahedrite Pittsburg Coarsest octahedrite Plymouth Medium octahedrite Ponca Creek Coarsest octahedrite Prambanan Fine octahedrite Primitiva Ataxite Puquois Medium octahedrite Putnam County .. ..Fine octahedrite Quesa Fine octahedrite Kafruti Ataxite *Rancho de la Pila. .Medium octahedrite Rasgata Ataxite Red River Medium octahedrite Reed City Hammond octahed- rite Rhine \'alley Medium octahedrite Rodeo Une octahedrite Roebourne Medium octahedrite *Rosario Octahedrite Rowton Medium octahedrite Ruff's Mountain. ...Medium octahedrite Russel Gulch Fine octaliedrite Sacramento Moun- tains Medium octahedrite St. Francois County. Coarse octahedrite St. Genevieve Coun- ty Fine octahedrite Salt River Finest octahedrite San Angelo Medium octahedrite San Cristobal Ataxite San Francisco del Mezquital Ataxite *Santa Apolonia. . . . Santa Rosa Brecciated octahe- drite Sao Juliao Coarsest octahedrite Sarepta Coarse octahedrite Schwetz Medium octahedrite Scottsville Hexahedrite Seelasgen Coarsest octahedrite Seneca Falls Medium octahedrite 66 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. Shingle Springs Ataxite *Sierra Blanca Coarse octahedrite Silver Crown Coarse octahedrite Siratik Ataxite Smithland Ataxite Smith's Mountain. .Fine octahedrite Smithville Coarse octahedrite Ssyromolotow Medium octahedrite Staunton .Medium octahedrite Summit Hexahedrite Surprise Springs. . .Medium octahedrite Tabarz Coarse octahedrite *Tajgha Medium octahedrite *Tanogami Medium octahedrite Tazewell Finest octahedrite *Teocaltiche Octahedrite Ternera Ataxite Thunda Medium octahedrite Thurlow Fine octahedrite *Tlacotepec Octahedrite Toluca Medium octahedrite Tonganoxie Medium octahedrite Toubil Medium octahedrite Trenton Medium octahedrite Tucson Ataxite Tula Brecciated octahe- drite *Union County Coarsest octahedrite Ute Pass Coarsest octahedrite Varas Fine octahedrite \'ictoria Medium octahedrite Victoria West Finest octahedrite *\Vallen's Ridge . . . .Coarse octahedrite Walker County Hexahedrite Weaver Ataxite Welland Medium octahedrite *Werchne D n i e p - rowsk Finest octahedrite Werchne Udinsk . .Medium octahedrite Wichita County. . . .Coarse octahedrite Willamette Medium octahedrite Wooster Medium octahedrite Yanhuitlan Fine octahedrite Yardea Station Medium octahedrite *York Medium octahedrite Youndegin Coarse octahedrite Zacatecas Brecciated octahe- drite SYNONYMS. The following are synonyms preceding list : Aeriotopos Bear Creek Agram Hraschina Ainsa Tucson Albuquerque Glorieta Allen County Scottsville Amakaken Caperr Arva Magura Atacama, 1858 Joel's Iron Atacama, 1874 Cachiyuyal Augusta County Staunton Bahia Bendego Baird's Farm Asheville Bates County Butler Batesville Joe Wright Bonanza Coahuila BrazC'S River Wichita Butcher Iron Coahuila of the iron meteorites given in the Caille La Caille Caney Fork Carthage Carleton Iron Tucson Catorze Descubridora Chatooga County Holland's Store Cherokee County, 1867 . Losttown Cherokee County,i8g4. Canton Chilkat Chilkoot Claiborne Lime Creek Cocke County Cosby Creek Concepcion Adargas Cross Timbers Red River Crow Creek Silver Crown Dakota Ponca Creek Ellenboro Colfax Floyd County Indian \'alley March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 67 Floyd Mountain Indian Valley Great Fish River Bethany Green County Babb's Mill Hamilton County Carlton Hastings County Madoc Hauptmannsdorf Braunau Henry County, 1857. . .Locust Grove Henry County, 1889. . .Hopper Honduras Rosario Howard County Kokomo Independence County. Joe Wright Independence Kenton County Iron Creek Victoria Johnson County Cabin Creek Knoxville Tazewell La Primitiva Primitiva Lea Iron Cleveland Lime Creek, 1832 Walker County Lime Creek, 1834. Limestone Creek Lion River Bethany Lockport Cambria Miller's Run Pittsburg Muchachos Tucson Mukerop Bethany Netschaevo Tula Obernkirchen Buckeberg Oldham County La Grange Penkarring Rock Youndegin Ranchito Bacuburito Saltillo Coahuila Sanchez Estate Coahuila San Gregorio Morito Saskatchewan Victoria Senegal Siratik Serrania de Varas Varas Sierra de la Ternera. .Ternera Southeast Missouri. ...St. Francois County Teposcolula Yanhuitlan Tocavita Santa Rosa Tombigbee River De Sotoville Tucuman Campo del Cielo Waldron's Ridge Wallen's Ridge White Sulphur Springs Greenbrier County Whitfield County Dalton Wohler's Iron Campo del Cielo 68 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. ANALYSES OF IRON METEORITES. I. HEXAHEDRITES. The hexahedrites are characterized by cubic cleavage and Xeu- mann lines. They consist of the single alloy kamacite, the composi- tion of which, FCj^ Ni, shows a close approximation to the iron-nickel content of the hexadedrites. The content of phosphorus in the hexa- hedrites is usually relatively high, }( to y^ percent. This appears char- XoRMAL Name. Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. Cr, P. ?. C Si, CL In- sol. Miscellaneous. Auburn 04. 1:8 3.01 4.67 5-52 5,21 5.62 2.10 6.62 4-79 3-26 7.42 1 T T •13 .46 .002 ■52 94 nT 49 88 62 82 90 95 62 07 86 02 14 18 41 90 02 90 58 65 .04 1.03 ■53 .92 .60 tr. .48 .60 ■55 .50 in . lOI .024 2.07 " Q3 1 Coaliuila '94 (Bonanza) 97 Butcher) 92 iSallillo) 94 iSanta Rosa> 96 " " rvl ■07 tr. • 04 .05 tr. tr. tr. .24 ■29 tr. .02 .18 1.05 ■27 ■32 .29 .20 .14 •23 .08 .09 .06 Mg. tr. tr. 95 95 95 95 94 92 91 92 94 96 95 tr. .06 •05 tr. .16 4 82 .05 .04 • 04 .01 ., .07 1 ox 7 1 .02 4.87' 6.10 7.03 6 66 1 -^ tr. 1.80 ., .. .28 ■23 .01 4.82 311 3-18 1.07 .42 •35 .04 .04 ■32 iSancha 1 •57 tr. • 24 March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 69 acteristically in the hexahedrites in the form of rhabdite, and often c(jn- stitutes I J^ to 3 per cent of their mass. Another characteristic mineral of the hexahedrites is daubreelite. Graphite and troilite are rare, al- though the latter mineral occurs in some members of the group in visible nodules. The hexahedrites may be divided into normal and brecciated hexahedrites, according to whether they are one or several individuals. A. NORMAL HEXAHEDRITES. In these hexahedrites the cleavage planes and Neumann lines run without change of direction throughout the mass. IeXAHEDRI I'ES. Loss Undet. Total. Sp.Gr. Analyst. Reference. 98.24 100.77 7--7-I7 C. U. Shepard 0. Hildebrand 1869, A. J. S. (2j, XLMI, 230-233 1905, Meteoritenkunde, HI, 217 I 00 . 00 7.782 7.8516 Dutios & Fischer. . . 1847, Ann. Phy. Chem., LXXH, 475-480 1905! Meteoritenkunde, HI, 207 .02 100.30 R. Knauer 101.39 100 00 7.8678 7.825 7.692 E. Cohen 1894, Meteoreisen-Studien A. N. H., IX, i867,A.J.S. (2), XLni,385 1869, A.J. S. (2;, XLVU,385 1905, Meteoritenkunde, HI, 194 1863, Ann. Phy. Chem., CXVHI, 631-634 i885,A.J.S. (3), XXIX, 233 1899, A.J. S. (4), VHI, 154 1905, Meteoritenkunde, HI, 213 Same Same 1886, A.J. S. (3), XXXlb 306 1887, C. R.,CI\', 872-873 1893, B. S.H. N., VI, 17 1889, Neues Jalirb., 227 1905, Meteoritenkunde, HI, 194 104 C. U. Shepard J. L. Smith 0. Biirger 100.07 100.22 100.935 100.05 100 01 H. Wichelhaus. N. F. Lupton. J. E. Whitfield R. Knauer. . . 100.37 100.50 100.46 100 00 Hildebrand & Cohen Knauer & Cohen... . J. B. Mackintosh Meunier . 7-522 7.699 7-72 99-92 98-93 100 26 E. Cohen .02 loi .19 7.84 0. Hildebrand 100. 14 99-59 8 n F A Gentli 1854, A.J. S. (2),X\'H, 239-240 1855, A.J. S. (2), XIX, 160-161 7.81 J L Smith 1 70 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. Name. Hex River Iredell-..- Lick Creek Murphy Scottsville Walker County Fe. 93 33 93 59 93 75 93 oo 93 93 94 32 93 14 94 03 94 14 Ni. 58 .68 51 ■ 74 .52 .01 ■75 •33 ■30 Co. .84 .66 •52 •52 .61 tr. •99 ■95 .64 Cu. .04 tr. 04 06 Cr. .02 .05 •23 .20 .36 •34 .16 •15 •23 .28 .08 .06 tr. ■34 .07 .19 .04 . 12 Si. CI. tr. .06 In •03 Miscellaneous. B. BRECCIATED HEXAHEDRITES. These hexahedrites are characterized by a structure which gives them the appearance of being aggregates of individual grains. Not only do apparent outlines of grains occur, but the directions of the Neumann lines are different on the different grains. The size of the grains differs in different falls, but is fairly uniform for meteorites of the same fall. The contour of the grains may be rounded, polygonal, elongated, or ragged, and as a rule the grains are sharply separated from one another. When the divisions between grains widen to a cleft, some accessory constituent usually occupies the gap. Acces- sory minerals are not, however, abundant. The presence of dau- Brecciated Bingera , Holland's Store. Indian Valley.. . . Kendall County. Mount Joy Summit Ke. 03.76 93-50 93.06 94.60 93-59 92.65 93.80 93-39 •39 ■54 •35 •97 56 .64 .81 .62 ■ 57 •51 1 .00 .21 •53 .78 ■51 .58 Cm. tr. •03 .005 Cr. 23 •23 .26 •31 .21 .27 •34 ■19 •31 tr. .01 ■03 .01 c. .14 •03 1 .62 Si. tr. CI. -54 .08 Miscellaneous. Na. tr. Sn. .02 Mil. Pt.lr.tr. March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 71 ^oss. Undet. Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. — ■94 100. 6q 100.43 100.04 99.62 100.52 99-95 100.13 100.68 I 00 . 66 Cohen &Weinschenk R. Knauer 1891, Meteoreisen-Studien A. N. H., \'I, 143 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 225 1899, A.J. S. (4), VIII, 415-416 7.8225 J. E. Whitfield Smith & Mackintosh J. Fahrenhorst J. E. Whitfield Fischer 1880, A. J. S. (3), XX, 324-326 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien A.N.H., X\', 368 7.7642 7-848 1887, A.J. S. (3), XXXIII, 500 1889, Neues Jahrb., I, 227 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 220 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 173 7-7959 7.7806 R. Knauer 0. Hildebrand iEXAHEDl breelite has not been noted, and schreibersite is not common, either in nodules or as rhabdite. The view that the brecciatetl hexahedrites are aggregates is not accepted by Brezina, except in the case of Kendall County. He regards the structure and cleavage of the other members of the division as uniform, and explains the varying orientation ascaused by twinning. Mount Joy, placed by Berwerth, Cohen, and Brezina among the coarsest octahedrites, because of an apparent octahedral structure observed by Berwerth, seems to the present writer to belong more properly to the hexahedrites. In composition and structure it agrees fully with the hexahedrites, and it shows no trace of cohenite, a characteristic mineral of the coarse octahedrites. Its individual grains are the largest of any of the following group: ilTES. >OSS. Undet. Total. Si> Gr. Analyst. Reference. 99-63 99.88 100. I I 99-99 99.96 loi .11 99-33 99.90 7.834-7-849 7.761 A. Liversidge J. C.H. Mingaye Zaubitzer J. E. Whitfield L. G. Eakins Scherer 188?, Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. W., Xvl, 31-34 1904, Rec. Geol. Sur. N. S. W., VII, 308-310 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 240 1887, A.J. S.(3), XXXIV, 472 i892,A. J.S.(3), XLIII, 424 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, A. N. H., X\', 387 1892, A.J. S. (3), XLIV, 416 1 890, A. J S.(3), XL,:,22 7.801 7-95 . . . 6.949 L. G. Eakins F. P. Venable 72 FiKLD Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. II. OCTAHEDRITES. 'I'he meteorites of this class are the most abundant among iron meteorites. According to the width of the lamellae as seen in etched sections, they are divided as follows: Coarsest octahedrites, lamellae, manv mm. to 2.5 mm. in width; coarse octahedrites, lamelh^ 2-1.5 mm. in width; medium octahedrites, lamellce 1.0-0.5 mm. in width; fine octahedrites, lamelLie 0.4-0.2 mm. in width; finest octahedrites, lamella; from 0.2 mm. down. While no sharp line of separation can be drawn between these groups, the members of each group present as a rule characters more or less peculiar to themselves. As compared with the hexahedrites, the octahedrites differ in structure in being made up of lamellae arranged in accordance with the planes of the octahedron. These lamellae in turn are composed of two or more alloys of nickel-iron. In composition a higher percentage of nickel- cobalt may be noted among the octahedrites, as compared with the hexahedrites, and schreibersite and troilite are far more abundant than in the hexahedrites, Cohenite, which is not known to occur in the hexahedrites, is characteristic of certain groups of the octahe- COARSEST, Name. Fe. Ni. Arispe Canvon Diablo. , 92.27 ,7.04 95 -370 3 -945 91.3967-94 Canton • 91 .96 Central Missouri... 94-73 Nelson County .... 93. 10 Pittsburi^- '92.81 " 93-38 Ponca Creek Sao Julifio. Seelasjren. 91-74 91.74 89-39 90.00 92-33 6.70 4.62 6.11 4.66 5.89 6-53 7.08 Co. .50 .18 ■41 •39 1.24 8.27 5-31 6.23 -43 .67 Cu. 03 Cr. .144 .179 . II • 44 .05 •25 •15 .01 .01 .26 tr .004 .01 .02 .04 .07 .417 •52 tr .047 tr. 1. 16 .02 CI. In- .26 Miscellaneous. J , Mn 14 Chromite. .07 Sn 06! Sn 06 Mn 91 Cu. +Sn.. .o;| March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 73 drites, while graphite and diamond are also largely confined to the octahedrites. Daubreelite and chromite, which are common con- stituents of the hexahedrites, are rare in the octahedrites. The nickel-cobalt content of the octahedrites varies from 5^ to JSH per cent. A. NORMAL OCTAHEDRITES. In the normal octahedrites the lamellar structure extends without change of direction, except for occasional curving, through the indi- vidual. This is true e^^en for large masses like those of Charcas, Chupaderos, and Willamette. I. COARSEST OCTAHEDRITES. ^vidth of lamellne from many millimeters down to 2.5 mm. The nickel-cobalt content is as a rule slightly higher than in the hexa- hedrites, reaching in some cases 7 per cent. The presence of cohen- ite and graphite is characteristic of the group. Canyon Diablo con- tains diamond. The octahedral structure and presence of lamellae is often difficult to discern, so that some members of the group have been classed as hexahedrites. )C 1 AHE])RITES. Undet, Total 99-31 99-719 99.983 9Q-3I 100.00 99.67 g8.32 100.87 98.34 98.89 97.92 98.74 100.00 Sp. Gr. 7-853 7-703 7-74 7-952 7-952 7-783 7.63 -7.71 7-73 Analyst. J.E.Whitfield H. Moissan Booth.Garrett & Blair H. N. Stokes Mariner & Hoskins. . J. L. Smith F.A. Genth O. Hildebrand C. T. Jackson C. V. Bonhorst A. Duflos C. Rammelsberg. . . . Reference. 1902, Proc. Roch. Acad. Sci., W, 85 1904, Comptes Rendus, CXXXIX, 776 1905, Proc. Phil. Aca. Sci., LVII, 875 1895, A. J. S. (3), L, 252-4 1900, A.J. S. (4), IX, 286 i860, A.J. S. (2), XXX, 240 1876, A.J. S. (3), XII, 72-73 1903, Mitt. f. Neil Vorp. u. Rligen, XXX\',4 1863, A. J. S. (2), XXXVI, 261 1863, A.J. S. (2), XXXVI, 261 1888, Neues Jahrb., 372 1848, Ann.Phy. Chem., LXXIV, 61-65 1848. Ann. Phy. Chem., LXXIV, 443-448 74 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. 2. COARSE OCTAHEDRITES. Width of lamellce 2.0-1.5 ''•'"''''■ ^lie lamellar or octahedral struc- COARSE Name. Beaconsfield. Bendego Billings Bischtube Black Mountain. . Bohumilitz Canyon City. . Cosby Creek. Duel! Hill Greenbrier County. Jennie's Creek Lexington County.. Magura % Niagara Oscuro Mountains. Fe. 92 56 91 90 88 46 91 99 93 39 96 04 9i 06 9^ 12 94 77 88 81 91 25 87 00 93 91 91 64 91 90 92 75 94 24 91 59 91 56 92 42 93 62 89 42 90 91 92 55 92 67 90 79 Ni. Co. 7.34 5-71 8.59 .48 6 91 5-17 7. II • 42 .87 ■23 .20 •17 •17 .81 •33 •51 •37 .60 t8.3i •93 Cu. .02 tr. tr. Cr. .26 ■15 .05 .19 .09 •37 .14 .08 •'3 tr. .27 .04 .06 C. .05 .07 50 ■03 .07 .08 .08 .18 C!. .46 .01 1.44 1. 91 2.20 15 .26 Miscellaneous. P. Fe. Ni. .37 C. etc 1. 12 Mn.oQ (iraphite .80 1 Sn. tr. C.Cu.Si.Soh. 1. 41 Co. C. Si., etc., 1. 17 *Cu. Sn. iSy ditf. March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 75 ture is more obvious than in tlie coarsest octahedrites, and the nickel- cobalt content in some members slightly higher. Cohenite and graphite are characteristic and common ingredients. )ctahedrites. .OSS. Undet. Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. I 00 . 76 I 00 . 00 99-45 100.09 100.82 1 00 . 00 100.00 100.00 100.98 96.38 99-37 100.00 98.56 99.68 99.20 100.56 100.07 99.50 100.00 99.69 99-30 99-44 99-30 100.46 100.07 99-36 0. Sjostrom 1897, Sitzber. Berl. Akad., 1047 1863, Buchner, Meteorites, 144 1867, Phipson, Meteorites, 94 1905, A. J. S. (4), XIX, 242 1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, V.A.N.H., XII, 55 1847, A.J. S. (2), IV, 81-83 •93 .96 7-73 7-47 Flickentscher Wohler & Martius . . H.W. Nichols Scherer & Sjostrom. C. U. Shepard J. Steinman 7.261 7-15 1830, A. J. S. (I), XIX, 384-386 1833, Ann. Phy. Chem., XXVII, 1 18-132 J. J. Berzelius C. U. Shepard J. M. Davison G. Troost 1853, A.J. S. (2), XV, 12 1885, A.J. S. (3), XXIX, 469 1904, A J. S. (4), XVII. 383 1840, A. J. S. (1), XXXV1II,254 1842, A. J. S. (I), XLIII, 354-357 7-1 7.68 .50 6.22 7.26 C. U. Shepard C. A. Toy 1853, Ann. Chem. Pharm., LXXXVI, 39-43 1857, Ann. Phy. Chem., C, 254-255 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A.N.H.XV,373 1876, A.J. S. (3), XII, 439 1887, Min. Mag., VII, 183 1886, A.J. S. (3), XXXI, 147 i88i,A, J. S. (3), XXI, 119 1847, Ostr. Blatt. f. Lit., No. 169,-670 Same C. Bergmann. J. Fahrenhorst B. S. Burton L. Fletcher 7.46 .12 7-344 7.00-7.405 7.814 7.814 7.01-7.22 J. B. Mackintosh .... C. U. Shepard, Jr . . . A Patera A. Lowe 1849, Neues Jahrb., 199 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A.N.H.XV,378 1902, Jour. Geo)., X, 518-519 1897, Proc. Colorado Sci. Soc. J. Fahrenhorst J. M. Davison R. C. Hills 7.12 76 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. Name. Fe. Ni. Co. C u Cr. P. S. c. Si. a. In- sol. Miscellaneous. St. Francois County 92.10 92.68 95-94 91-57 91-57 92.76 89.99 91.46 91.65 92.67 2.60 6.97 2.66 8.31 7.02 5.69 10.01 8.30 7.88 6.46 tr. -52 tr. •34 .01 tr. tr. S('lirfiWr>i'e 5 .02 -03 .01 Sarepta Silver Crown .02 ? Sn.112 I'.Fe.M. 1.32 tr. .62 -79 tr. .07 .18 .86 tr. Smith\iiie tr. Res.M;iinlyCarli..i5 ; P Fe. Ni. 28 Tabarz Wichita Willamette .21 -55 tr. .09 .24 Youndegin .04 Mg 42 1 3. MEDIUM OCTAHEDRITES. Width of lamella; 1.0-0.5 mm. More than one-third of the iron meteorites belong to this class. They present, as a rule, quite uni- form characters. The lamellar structure is, as a rule, well-defined, and Medium Xair.e. Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. Ci. P. S. C. Si. CI. In- sol. Miscellaneous. Abert Iron 92.92 92.04 88.62 92.64 90.78 96.50 91.36 92.29 05.20 89.75 91.87 93-92 6.07 7.00 10.63 7.10 8.60 2.60 7.56 8.14 2-13 8.90 6.60 4-93 •54 .68 .84 Sfhri'ibersile . . 56 Graphite. .03 .08 -15 .16 .05 .01 tr. .02 tr. tr. Algoma .02 .04 Angara tr. Ca.tr. Mg. .06 Arlington 1 .02 tr. tr. Ashcville -50 tr. .20 Bald Eaole .70 .09 .06 Burlington .50 .70 ■3i S. & loss. 2.17 u .62 tr. -39 tr. Mn. tr. Cabin Creek ■ 41 .08 .05 Comb'nd ■15 .20 tr. Cachiyuyal Ca. Mg.. . .30 March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 77 Loss. Undet, Total. 99.70 100.58 99.96 99-95 99-54 100.38 I 00 . 00 99.76 99-83 100.38 Sp. Gr Analyst. Reference. 7.746 7-63 7. 02-7. 1 1 C. U. Shepard 1869, A. J. S. (2), XLVII, 233 234 t J. Fahrenhorst 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien.XI, A.N.H. XV,3]1 J. Auerbach !i864, Sitz. Wien Akad., XLIX (2), 497 H.L. Mclhvain 1888, A. J. S. (3), XXXVI, 277 O. W. Huntington... 1894, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., XXIX, 253 7.74 W. Fberhard 1855, Ann. Cliem. Pharm., XC\'I, 286-289 W. P. Riddell i860, Trans. St. Louis Acad, (i), 623 J. E. Whitfield 1904. Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci., lY, 148 7.7 J.M.Davison jSame L. Fletcher 1887. Min. Mag., VIl, 125 the three alloys — kamacite, taenite, and plessite — are usually pres- ent. Among accessory constituents, troilite and schreibersite pre- dominate. These are often in the form of nodules of appreciable size. Octahedrites. Loss. Undet. Total 100.09 99.86 100.26 I 00 . 00 100.45 99.80 99-77 100.43 I 00 . 00 99 97 09. 42 99. S2 Sp. Gr. .'^nahst. 7.589 7-75 6.50-7.50 7.06 72 837 C. U. Shepard, Jr. . . . R-B. Riggs A. A. Koch M.A.Gobel F. F. Sharpless C. U. Shepard W. G. Owens C. H. Rockwell C. U. Shepard \V. S. Clark J.E.Whitfield J. Domeyko Reference. 1876, A.J. S. (3), XII, 119 1887, Bull. U. S. Geul. Sur. VIII, 94 97 1903, Bull. Geiil. Soc. Amer. XI\', 104 1874, B«ll. St. Petersburg Akad. XIX, 544-54 i8g6, Amer. Geol. XVIII, 270 1839, A. J. 8.(1), XXXVI, 81 84 i892,A.J.S. (3), XLI II, 423-424 1844, A.J. S. (I), XLVl, 402 1847, A.J. S. (2), IV, 77-78 1852, Metallic Meteorites, 61-62 1887, A. J.S. (3,, XXXIII, 500 1875, Comptes Rendus, LXXXI, 597 78 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. Name. Caperr Cape York Carthage Casas Grandes . Chilkoot Chulafinnee Cleveland % Colfax -■] Coopertown . . . Costilla Dalton Denton County Descubridora Elbogen El Capitan . Fort Pierre Franceville Frankfort . Glorieta . . . Fe. Ni. 9-33 8.18 7-94 1-1 4.38 7.26 7. II 7-37 8.79 10.31 10.37 9.12 7.71 4.80 5-43 7-53 8.05 Co. 9.07 2.50 8.75 8.52 8.43 2.47 8.40 7.19 7.61 8.06 8.53^ 9.86 1.85 .76 .61 1.59 .60 Cu. tr. tr. . 12 .04 .04 tr. .24 .05 tr. •03 Cr. tr. •03 tr. tr. P. 24 18 19 09 24 18 12 17 32 19 21 04 10 tr. ,24 .05 .18 .19 .01 .40 .02 .04 .006 .09 .08 High. .26 •45 •15 .04 Si. .60 .02 .02 .04 CI. tr. •33 .66 .05 Miscellaneous. 1. 19 Chromite . .03 Mn. tr. P.Cr. and losn. .05 Mn. tr. P. Fe. Ni. 2.21 Mg.28, Mn.tr. Al. 19, Mn. .%l Oa. 35, Mg. .65 *Pt. tr. Zn. .03, Mn.tr. *Schreibersite, .84; Graphite, tr.; Silicate, tr. Marcp [, 19 07. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 79 .OSS. Undet. Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 99-97 99-38 100.04 99-72 100.02 lOI . 12 I 00 . 00 99.65 99-496 99.67 99-45 99.10 100.16 99.80 99-78 99-63 100.00 I 00 . 00 100.00 98. 10 100.00 99.00 99-94 99.80 102.48 99-31 100.00 99.52 99.42 7.86 L. Fletcher 1899, Min. Mag. XII, 167-170 1898, Northward Over the Great Ice, (2) 600 " " 602 J. K. Phelps J. E. Whitfield E. Boricky 7.48-7.50 1866, Neuesjahrb, 808-810 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXV, 71 1903, Mitt. Nat. Ver. f. Neuvorp. u. Riigen, XXXV, 13 1905, Label, State Mining Bureau Collection, San Francisco, California 1880, A. J. S. (3), XX, 74 W. Tassin 7 7 7 885 76 521 Cohen & Hildebrand .05 J. B. Mackintosh. . . . F. A. Genth S. W. Cramer L. G. Eakins J. L, Smith 1886, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci. 366-368 1890, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. IX, 197-198 1890, A, J. S. (3), XXXIX, 395-396 7 85 1861, A. J, S. (2) XXXI, 266 1895, Proc. Colo. Sci. See. 1883, A. J. S. (3), XXVI, 338 i860, Trans. St. Louis Acad. I, 623 L. G. Eakins C. U. Shepard, Jr... W. P.Riddell A. Madelung P. Murphy 7 7 7 7 7 986 67 42 38 6on 1863, Buchner, Meteoriten, 193 1875, Neues Jahrb, 26 1887, A.J. S. (3), XXXIII, 235 181 5, Beit. MineralkOrper, VI, 306-308 1821, Jour. Chem. Phys. XXXII, 253-261 1834, Ann. Phys. Chem. XXXIII, 135-137 1863, Buchner, Meteoriten, 151-152 J. B. Mackintosh M. H. Klaproth J. F. John 7.80-7.83 7-76 7.74-7.87 7-78 J. J. Berzelius A. Wehrle .06 P. A. V. Holger H. N. Stokes H. A.Prout 1895, A. J. S. (3), I, 252-254 i860. Trans. St. Louis Acad. I, 711-712 7-73 7-74 7-87 7.69 A. Madelung J. M. Davison J. L. Smith 1863, Buchner, Meteoriten, 197 1902, Proc. Roch. Aca. Sci. IV, 75-78 1870, A. J, S. (2), XLIX, 331 1885, Proc. Colo. Sci. Soc. II, 14 L. G. Eakins 8o Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. Name. Glorieta Guilford County . Hopewell Mounds Hopper Hraschina Ivanpah Joel's Iron Joe Wright .... Juncal Kenton County . Kokstad La Caille Lenarto Lusttown Luis Lopez Marsliall County Matatiela Mazapil Merceditas Misteca Morito Fe. 88.81 87.93 92.75 95.20 90-54 96.50 83.29 89.78 94.98 90.45 91 .22 92.03 91.59 91 .21 92.50 89.63 85.04 90.90 90.15 90.88 91.50 95.76 91.31 90.12 92.20 91 .26 92.38 86.86 95.01 Ni. Co. 7.28 .17 11.15^ 33 3.15! tr. 4.64 .40 7.70; .94 3.5o; II . 84 1 . 26 [ 8.88! .67 4.52 8.80 •54 8.62* .62 .84 •63 tr. 7 00 7 65 8 01 5 90 9 83 8 12 8 50 6 55 8 45 8 58 3 66 8 17 8 72 7 30 7 84 7 33 9 92 4 22 3.59 .665 .50 .67 tr. .16 •32 .67 .65 .61 .74 .51 Cu. .04 tr. .02 tr. ■03 Cr. tr. tr. P. .36 .07 .13 .07 .26 .16 .21 tr. .33 . 10 .19 •30 .oS .07 .08 •13 tr. tr. .48 .03 .07 •55 . 10 tr. . 12 .03 .08 .04 .68 .90 CI. •35 .05 •03 In- sol. 1.23 •30 .58 Miscellaneous. FeA + Fe(l. .75 Mn. tr., Sn. tr. )Iii. .64, Mg. .48 K. .43,Al.i.38 Insol. &: less. .42 Ca. 1,K3, Al. .77 11. .til, M?. .23. .Mn .15, Sn .08 Ca. tr. By diff. March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. ;s. Undet. Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 96.38 99-77 96.65 100.48 99.70 100.00 I 00 . 00 99-33 99.67 100.05 100.00 99.86 100.20 100.17 99-3° 100.00 100.00 100.067 99.22 100.00 100.38 100.00 99-99 99.26 100.53 100.05 100.51 99.11 99.82 7-1 7.66 7.67 Z. U. Shepard f. B. Mackintosh Z. U. Shepard H.W.Nichols F. P. Venable \I. H. Klaproth P. A. V. Holger A. Wehrle 1885, A. J. S. (3), XXIX, 469 1885, A.J. S. (3), XXX, 238 1 841, A. J. S. (I), XL, 369-370 1902, Field Col. Mus. Pub. Geol. Ser. I, 308 1890, A.J. S. (3), XL, 163 7-73-7-80 1 7.82 7. 78 5 7-65 , 7.863-7.958 1 1807, Beit. Mineralkorper, IV, 99-101 1830, Beit. u. vor. Ett. Zeit. f. Phvs. u. Math. V'll, 2, 129-149 1852, Clark, Metallic Meteorites, 42-44 C. U. Shepard L. Fletcher 1880, A.J. S. (3), XIX. 381 382 1889, Min. Mag. VIII, 264 J. B. Mackintosh A. A. Damour J. M. Davison Fahrenhorst L E Rivot 1886, A.J. S. (3), XXXI, 462 1868, Comptes Rendus, LXVI, 569-571 1892, A. J. S. (3), XLIV, 164 1900, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 11, 14 1854, Ann. Mines (5), VI, 554555 1872, Comptes Rendus, LXXIV, 1 287-1 289 7.7876 7-43 7.64 7-79 7.98 7-73 J. Boussingault P. A. V. Holger A. Wehrle W. S. Clark A. Wehrle 1830, Beit, u. Ett. Zeit, f. Phys. u. Math. VII, 2, 129-149 1841, Rammelsberg, Handworterbuch, 42'^ 1852, Metallic Meteorites, 40 ... J. Boussingault C. U. Shepard Mariner & Hoskins . J. L. Smith 1872, Comptes Rendus, LXXIV, 1 288-1289 1869, A. J.S. (2), XLVII,234 1900, A.J. S. (4), IX, 284 i860, A. J.S. (2), XXX, 240 1900, Ann. So. Afr. Mus. II, 17 1887, A. J.S. (3% XXXIII, 225. 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A.N. H. XV 380 1857, Pogg. Ann.C. 246 i87i,A.J.S. (3), II, 335-338 7 . 8084 J. Fahrenhorst J. B. Mackintosh J. Fahrenhorst C. Bergeman J L Smith 7.58 7-84 - - Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. I Name. Murfreesboro . . . Nejed Orange River. . . Petropawlowsk. . Plymouth. , Puquios . . , Red River Rhine Valley Roebourne . . Rowton Ruff's Mountain. Sacramento Mts. San Angelo Schwetz Seneca Falls. . . . Staunton No. I. No, 2. No. 3. No. 7. Surprise Springs Thunda Toluca Fe. 96.00 91.04 90.48 97.29 93 •57 .67 .67 90.02 90.91 88.85 90.91 91.05 91.25 96.00 90.95 91-39 91.96 93.18 92.40 91.44 90.29 88.71 88.36 89.01 89.85 91 .01 91.54 91.38 90.40 Ni. Co. 2.40! 7.40' .66 8.94 2.07 6.98 8.55 9.83 9.67 8.46 9.07 8.33 9- 8.58 3.12 6.01 7.86 7.86 5-77 7.60 7.56 8.85 10.16 10.24 9.96 7.56 7.65 8.49 8.62 5.02 .66 •71 •34 .06 8 •37 tr. 52 tr. 1.05 .61 ■ 49 .40 ■43 •39 .60 .89 .56 .04 Cu. .24 .04 .04 Cr. tr. .02 .02 .003 .003 .003 .06 .07 .02 tr. tr. P. 1.25 ■17 .04 tr. tr. .07 .24 •34 •36 •37 .16 22 • 17 .07 .09 ■75 •03 fr. .02 .01 .02 .008 ■03 .01 .08 .02 .04 ■ 14 .18 •17 .18 . 12 .05 .02 .11 .09 .07 .06 .06 .05 CL tr. tr. .003 .002 .004 In- sol. Chladnite .54 Schreib. . .0 Graph. 50 2^35 16 P.Fe.Ni.2.9 • Mn. tr. Miscellaneous ■^t Mn. tr. Schreib.. . .51 Mn. tr. Mg. tr. Mn. ? Sn. ti Sn. tr. Sn Mn. tr. Sn.... Mn. tr. Sn Sn Mn. tr. O .00 .00 .00 .00 1-5' March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 83 Undet. I .60 ■59 Total. 100.00 99-79 100.00 99-36 100.55 99-55 99-55 100.00 99.87 99-31 100.00 100.13 I 00 . 20 qg.I2I Q9.81 100.00 99-77 100. 10 100.00 99-97 100.175 99.878 99-345 99-95 99.90 100.00 100.81 100.00 99.72 Sp. Gr. 7.89 7-3 7.76 7-93 7-54 7.40-7.82 7.01-7. 10 Analyst. G. Troost .... L. Fletcher. . . C. U. Shepard Sokolowsky . . Iwanow J. M.Davison. L. G. Eakins . C. U. Shepard B. Silliman, Jr. & T S. Hunt. W. S, Chapman . . . . Mariner & Hoskins - W. Flight 1-1 7-77 7.69 C. U. Shepard .... Boecking Mariner & Hoskins J.E.Whitfield C. Rammelsberg. . . C. U. Shepard .... J. P. Santos J. W. Mallet 7-85 7.86 7.84 7-7308 Reference. 7.72 J.E.Whitfield. E. Cohen J. Fahrenhorst Berthier E.Uricoechea . 848, A. J. S. (2), V, 351-352 887, Min. Mag. VH, 179-182 856, A.J. S. (2), XXI, 213 841, Arch. Kunde Russ. I, 317 841, Arch. Kunde Russ. I, 723-725 895, A. J. S. (3), XLIX, 53-55 890, A. J. S. (3). XL, 226 829, A. J. S. (I), XVI, 217-219 846, A. J. S. (2), H, 372-374 900, Ann. Rep. So.Aust. Sch. Mines, 227-228 898, A. J. S. (4), V, 136 882, Phil. Trans. 894-896 850, Proc. A. A. A. S. HI, 152 154 856, Neues Jahrbuch, 51 898, A. J. S. (4), V, 272 897, A. J. S. (4), ni,66 851, Ann. Phys. Chem. LXXXIV, 153-154 853, A. J. S. (2), XV, 366 878, A.J. S.r 3), XV, 337-338 887, A. J. S. (3', XXXHI, 59 871.A.J. S. (3), H, 13 1903, A. J. S. (4), XV, 469-471 1900, Mitt. Nat. Ver. f. Neu Vorp. u. Riigen, 32 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H. XV', 382 1853, A.J. S. (3), XV, 20 1854, Jour. Prakt. Chem. LXIII, 317-318 84 Field Columbian Museum — Geology Vol. Ill f Name. Fe. Ni. Co. Cu'. Cr. p. s. c. Si. CL In- sol. Miscellaneo'4 Toluca 90 •^7 7-79 8.49 8.86 9.06 8.90 7.10 7.62 9.80 7 2Q I. 91 ti." 90 87 fc7 88 90 90 87 89 90 91 go 91 95 91 89 91 91 91 93 72 88 89 29 08 43 09 07 13 89 56 18 18 03 22 33 17 02 61 ■44 .89 1.07 1 .04 .... .18 .86 •25 Graph. . i ' *C. Graph. tr. .62 .78 1.24 ■03 ■79 ■85 .72 ■77 08 .01 tr. •15 +Cu.&Sn. 1 .02 .04 T1 Schreib... Mn. tr. Fe. S. tr. ■ 7.24 ■38 Mn.tr. 6.32 T.C8 (Los Reyes) 7.71 7-93 3-38 7.20 10.79 8.83 8.54 731 6.01 1.07 •39 .14 ■53 tr. ■ 49 .06 .70 ■73 .14 tr. tr. .24 .0^ .01 .01 Mn. tr. Tonganoxie Toubil . 10 .05 ■ 14 .69 .12 .08 .04 ■45 .)l:i. .09 As. 1 .)!?. .03 Ca. [ Trent _ Name. Fe. Ni. Co, Cu. Cr. P. S. c. Si, CI. In- sol. Miscellaneou Cowra -'''■' 85.26 88.83 13-23 10. 14 I .02 0.53 .02 tr. .22 .28 .01 .0'? ni Sn.and Mn., Victoria West .... — B. HAMMOND OCTAHEDRITES. These meteorites appear in section to be granular aggregates in a which black particles and taenite-like lamella extend in directions ' parallel to octahedral planes. They thus have resemblances to the octahedrites and form a transition to the ataxites. The structure by original, the structure has been produced by the separation of the nickel-rich alloy and black particles to form a web, the lines of which Hammo> ;^ Name. Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. Cr. P. s. C. Si. CI. In- sol. .09 Miscellaneot '' Cacaria 87.38 g2.oo 89.78 91 .62 89-39 12.06 7.70 7.65 7-34 8.18 .65 •54 1.32 1. 01 .02 •03 tr. .04 .01 .01 .01 .22 .24 -51 •52 .05 .06 .01 SiO., ... . Hammond tr. .06 Sn. tr. SiOa. .01 Reed City March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 93 age of nickel-cobalt. It reaches 15 per cent, and more. Taenite is strongly developed. lOUP. Undet. Total. Sp. Gr. 100.26 7-95 99.70 . 99-43 • 100.00 7-4 100.32 . 99.98 7-57 99.22 7.89 Analyst. L. G. Eakins J. B. Mackintosh . . . H. N. Stokes Mariner & Hoskins R. Knauer A. Liversidge J. L. Smith Reference. 1890, A. J. S, (3), XL, 223-224 1886, A. J. S. (3), XXXI, 463-465 1900, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. II, 53 i898,A.J. S. (4),V, 139 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 269 1903, Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. W. XXXVII, 240 1855, A. J. S. (2), XIX, 153 certain, however, and it seems desirable therefore to group them sep- arately. Their percentage of nickel-cobalt resembles that of the finest octahedrites, 11 to 15 per cent. CTORiA West. is. Undet. Total. Sp. Gr, -Analyst. Reference. 99.80 99.78 7.805 7.692 J. C. H. Mingaye . . . J. L. Smith 1904, Rec. Geo!. Sur. N. S. W., VII, 31 1873, A. J. S. (3), V. 108 accord with octahedral planes. In the meshes of this web the nickel-poor remainder is deposited as a homogeneous, granular aggregate. If the structure is secondary, it may be explained by supposing that a normal octahedrite was somewhat softened by heat, so as to destroy the lamellar structure in part, after which solidifi- cation took place. If this latter be the correct explanation, the softening was carried farther in Hammond than in Cacaria and Reed City. TAHEDRITES. ;s. Undet. Total. Sp. Gr. .Analyst. Reference. 100.64 100.58 99.82 100.62 97.57 7.7070 J. Fahrenhorst Fisher i Allnieudinger .... J. Fahrenhorst J. E. Whitfield 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H., XV, 362-363 Same 7.601-7.703 7.288-7.506 7.6 1887, A. J. S. (3), XXXIV, 383 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H., XV, 356 1903, Jour. Geol., XI, 233 94 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. C. BRECCIATED OCTAHEDRITES. In these, as in the brecciated hexahedrites, the mass appears to be al BrecciateiP Name. Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. Cr. P. s. c. Si. CI. In- sol. Miscellaneous * Barranca Blanca.. 91.50 89.28 91.99 91.46 92.30 93-50 96.40 89.84 90.91 91.30 92.09 8.01 9.26 7-15 7-72 6.52 2.50 2.63 5.96 5.65 5.82 5.98 .65 ,60 tr. tr. • 04 .11 •15 .05 • 13 •77 •03 .24 J N'Goureyma .04 Ce cl Chromite .elf Fe.S c!'. Graphite, etf. .. Santa Rosa .... ^3 .28 .78 .02 tr. •36 .04 .18 Tula Sn.tr. ,... Schreibersite. . . Sn. .07 Sfh, . .. Zacatecas .62 .42 .41 .91 tr. •13 .07 3.08 2.17 2.19 .04 Mg. tr. •23 •25 1.02 .50 .. tr. ■74 Mg., tr. „ - ■ March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 95 made up of numerous individuals, the direction of whose lamellae dif- fers in the individual grains. ICTAHEDRITES. ass. Undet. Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 100.47 100.49 99-36 99.46 100.20 96.90 100.00 99-63 99-95 99-97 100.78 7.823 7.6722 7-31 7.30-7.60 7.6896 7-332 L. Fletcher E. Cohen 1889, Min. Mag., VIII, 263 1901, Mitt. Nat. Ver. f. Neu. Vorp. u. Rligen, 1 S. Meunier XXXIII, 14 1901, Compt. Rendus, CXXXII, 444 Rivero and Boussinpiult . . . 0, Sjostrom W. Haidinger J. Auerbach H. Miiller 1824, Ann. Phys. Chem., XXV, 438-443 1899, Meteoreisen-Studien, VIII, A. N. H., XIV, 138 1861, A. J. S. (2), XXXII, 144 1863, Neues Jahrb., 362 i860, Jour. f. prakt. Chemie, LXXIX, 25 a It It tt 7.20 7-625 7.50 (1 J; (1 U 1< il E. Cohen 1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, V, A. N. H., XII, 51 96 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. III. ATAXITES. These iron meteorites are characterized by a fine granular to compact structure throughout. They show no evidence of the cubic cleavage and Neumann lines which characterize the hexahedrites, nor of the lamellar structure, octahedrally arranged, of the octahedrites. The individual grains are in some cases visible to the naked eye, but for the most part are of microscopic or sub-microscopic dimensions. In some occur peculiar streaks which seem to have crystallographic arrangement, but their exact relations have not been determined. These form a special group, which, while not ataxites in the strict- est sense of the term, may be included among them for present pur- poses. The ataxites show the greatest variation among all iron meteorite*, in their nickel-cobalt content. This varies from 6 to i6per cent, and in the doubtful Oktibbeha to 6^ per cent. Two general f Si RATH K Name. Campo del Cielo . (Wohler's Iron.) Cincinnati Locust Grove San Fraiinsco del Mezqiiita Siratik (Senegal). . Fe. 92-33 89 22 94.25 94-47 94-30 93-38 93-36 94.07 Ni. Co. 7.38 9.51 -57 .68 -64 •39 -87 ■77 Cu. Cr. •03 .01 tr. -03 .01 -03 .20 .18 .05 .18 -23 .16 .26 .05 .05 .05 -15 .04 CI. Miscellaneous.' ^ P. Fe. Ni. .4 Sn c Scbreibersite. .c C. etc 2 March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 97 subdivisions may be made of the ataxites, according as they are nickel- poor or nickel-rich. Transitions occur between these, but a general grouping is practicable. Accessory constituents are not usually abun- dant in the ataxites, and when occurring are of small dimensions as a rule. A. NICKEL-POOR ATAXITES. The nickel-cobalt content lies between 6 and 7 per cent, the com- position thus corresponding to that of kamacite. The structure is, as a rule, plainly granular, seldom compact, the size of the grains reaching 0.75 mm. 1. SIRATIK GROUP. An etched surface appears rough through the presence of irregu- larly arranged depressions, due perhaps to the solution of some acces- sory constituent, such as troilite or schreibersite. The smaller the depressions the more plainly the boundaries of the grains appear. The latter range from 0.33 to 0.75 mm. in dimension. :OUP ss. Unde . Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 100. 16 99.23 100.28 100.69 100.77 99-89 100.03 100.37 7-547 7.85 7.7679 7.6895 7.7083 7.83 7.7687 7.7752 N. S. Manross C. Martius 1853, A.J. S. (2), XV, 22 Ann. Chem. u. Pharm., CXV, 92 1898, Meteoreisen-Studien, VIII, A. N. H., XIII, 124 1898, Ber. Berlin Akad., 428-430 1897, Ber. Berlin Akad., 76-81 1868, Comptes Rendus, LXVI, 573-574 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H., XV, 1898, Meteoreisen-Studien, VIII, A. N. H., XIII, 131 0. Sjostrom A. A. Damour J. Fahrenhorst 0. Sjostrom 98 Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. 2. NEDAGOLLA GROUP. Both granular and compact irons occur in this- group. They lac the rough appearance of the Siratik group on etched surfaces. Th e NeDAGOLL; t Name. Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. Cr. P. s. C. Si. CI. In- sol. Miscellaneq Chesterville 95.00 93-15 93.80 94.90 94-03 94.18 92.61 94.50 93.04 94-33 94.72 90.76 92-35 92.81 5.00 5.82 5.50 4.18 5-55 5.56 6.20 5.31 6.16 5.48 4.72 7.87 6.71 6.70 t tr. tr. ■34 •34 tr. -23 .19 .02 •73 .75 -33 -53 .60 -49 <( .02 tr. -03 . 22 -03 -05 -05 .02 - Forsyth County . . . (Compact portion.) . (Granular portion). Nedagolla .02 .02 tr. .02 .04 .25 tr. .17 Nenntmansdorf . . . « .22 .29 .18 „ ■71 ■71 Primitiva tr. .02 ■03 Rasgata IB K •25 .64 tr. 01 tr -35 .28 tr. .08 P. Fe. Ni. .: ■ Silicates . .c Sn t „ .19 i ■ , - 3. RAFRUTI GROUP. The members of this group resemble the granular members of the 1 RAFRU-i Name. Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. Cr P. S. C. Si. CI. hi- sol. =i Miscellaneous! Illinois Gulch 92.51 86.77 89.87 6.70 12.67 9-54 .16 .81 .61 .02 ■03 .01 .01 .62 .08 .06 tr. . II .01 tr. ' " S'o . Rafriiti . . .18 -1 -■■1 March, 1907. Iron Meteorites — Farrington. 99 size of the grains in the granular members is generally less than 0.5 mm., rarely 0.75 mm. No granular structure is visible, even on strong magnification, in the compact members. Chesterville and Rasgata are rich in rhabdite. [:S, L'ndet. Total. 100.00 100.04 100.46 99-63 100.41 100.81 99.62 99.81 99.42 100.81 100.38 98.63 100. II 100.71 Sp. Gr. 7 82 7 8209 7 4954 7 3357 7 8613 6 21 7 8241 7 6 7-33-7-77 7-654 .'\nalyst. C. U. Shepard O. Sjostrom E. A. de Schweinitz O. Sjostrom G. E. Lichtenberger E. Geinitz E.Cohen O. Sjostrom Rivero and Boussiiigault . . . . F.Wohler O. Sjostrom Reference 1849, A. J. S. (2), VII, 449 1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, V, A. N. H., XII, 47 1898, Meteoreisen-Studien, VIII, A. N. H., XIV, 150 1896, A. J. S. (4), I, 208-209 1897, Ber. Berlin Akad., 386-396 1897. Meteoreisen-Studien, VI, A. N. H., XII, m 1873, Sitz. Isis. p. 4, Dresden 1876, Neues Jahrb., 609 1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, V, A. N. H., XII, 42 1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, VI, A. N. H., XII, 123 1824, Ann. Chem. Phys., XXV, 442-443 1852, Ann. Chem. Pharm., LXXXII, 243-248 1808, Meteoreisen-Studien, Vlll, A. .\. H., XIII, H3 ^OUP. Nedagolla group, but have an essentially higher nickel-cobalt content, and thus form a transition to the nickel-rich ataxites. 'SS. Undet. Total. Sp. (^.r. .Analyst. Reference. 100.00 100.36 100.41 7-7 7-8329 7.596 Mariner and Hoskins J.Fahrenhorst Cohen and Hildebrand 1900, A. J. S. (4), IX, 201-202 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H., XV, 353 1902, Mitt. Nat. Ver. f. Neu. \'(>rp. u. Rligen, XXXIV, 87 • loo Field Columbian Museum — Geology, Vol. III. B. NICKEL-RICH ATAXITES. These ataxites are fine-grained to compact, and acquire, as a rule, on weak etching, a characteristic varnish-like luster. Stronger etch- ing produces a dull surface, having a peculiar velvety sheen. The Smithlan Name. Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. Cr. P. S. C. Si. Ci. In- sol. Miscellaneous % Babb's Mill 85.30 87.16 80.59 81.54 81.45 91.42 86.30 88.23 88.41 85.88 87.01 85.99 86.20 84.56 83.13 79.67 82.83 80.78 14.70 9.76 17.10 17.74 17.30 7.95 12.58 II .01 1 1 09 Al. Mg.Ca.,t (Troost Iron) ,1 2.04 1.26 1.67 tr. . 12 Mn t P. Fe. Ni. .] P. Fe. Ni. .c s. Undet. Total 99.19 100.40 Sp. Gr. 6.854 Analyst. W. J. Taylor E. Cohen . . . Reference. 1S57, A. J. S. (2), XXIV, 294 1892, Meteoreisen-Studien, 11, A. N. fl., VII, m lies between the nickel-rich and nickel-poor ataxites. On etching, irregularly shaped areas appear, 0.2-2 cm. in area, which under the microscope have a spotted look and are generally bordered, as are ! most of the silicate grains, by narrow, zigzag bands the nature of which cannot be further determined. :essory Forsterite. 3. Undet. Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 100.12 100.55 99.69 101.09 100.75 6.52-7.13 7.29 7.2248 J. L. Smith 1855, A.J. S. (2), XIX, 161-162 1855, A. J. S. (2), XX, 119-120 1863, A.J. S. (2), XXXVI, 153 1900, Cohen-Festschrift, Greifsw