LIBRAK-Y OF University of Illinois. - rJF 4 i .1 THE ADDYSTON PIPE AND STEEL COMPANY. | /L r 'l -u.w a \) yc WORKS: ADDYSTON, OHIO. — • —NEWPORT, KY. orricES: C2R. THIRD & WALNUT, CINCINNATI, O. 7C CINCINNATI : C. 31. terelibiel ano Company. 248-250 WALNUT ST. 1 892. K~ l orncERS MATTHEW ADDY, - PRESIDENT. W. P. ANDERSON. - VICE-PRESIDENT B. E. HAUGHTON, - SECRETARY. C. H. DOnHOEE, - TREASURER. W. L. DAVIS, ) „ E. A. KEELER. } CON ™ C ™* AGENTS. Copyrighted, 1890, by The Addyston Pife and Steel Co. Cincinnati, Ohio, 1892. The Company, in offering this book, does not wish to convey the idea that it contains everything relative to either gas or water pipe. It is presented with the hope that the information contained may, as far as it goes, be serviceable to those using castings of this character or others of our manufacture. We desire to render credit to the following named hydraulic and civil engineers for many of the tables and much of the information herein contained : Jno. W. Rutherfoord, Jno. W. Hill, J. D. Cook; also to G. A. Ellis and A. H. Howland for tables of “Flow of Water in Pipes.” Also to the following engineering works which we consulted dur- ng the compilation of the work : Humber, Fanning, Haswell, Traut- wine, Molesworth, and Box. We trust that this publication may meet the wants of those for whose benefit it is compiled. THE ADDYSTON PIPE AND STEEL COMPANY. 3 ANNOUNCEMENT The Addyston Pipe and Steel Company, organized under the laws of the State of Ohio, and having a paid-up capital of $1,500,000, owns and operates the works formerly known as the Cincinnati and New- port Iron and Pipe Company, of which it is the successor. In conjunction with the works purchased, The Addyston Pipe and Steel Company has erected an entirely new plant at Addyston, Ohio, fitted with every new and improved appliance adapted to the best manufacture of Cast Iron Pipe and other castings, and with the increase of capacity and facilities the Company is enabled to offer special in- ducements to all buyers, in the direction of speedy delivery, as well as low prices. Particular attention is given to the manufacture of the following castings : WATER-PIPE. PIPE FOR NATURAL OR MANUFACTURED GAS. SEWER AND CULVERT PIPE. SPECIALS OR BRANCH CASTINGS. FLANGE PIPE FOR WATER, GAS, AND STEAM. ELEVATOR CYLINDERS AND PLUNGERS. BLAST-FURNACE CASTINGS. CAST IRON STILLS AND KETTLES. SEWER CASTINGS. LAMP-POSTS. LARGE CASTINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. ROLLING-MILL CASTINGS. HEAVY MACHINERY A SPECIALTY. 5 HISTORY OF WATER MAINS IN AMERICA, P ROBABLY the first pipes used for water mains in this country were bored logs, joined together by driving the sharpened end of one log into a corresponding hollow in the end of the next log. In certain soils these pipes answered fairly well for a limited time for conducting water under a low pressure, but the material of which they were made rotted so readily in most soils that, in spite of their low first cost, the water-works builders demanded pipes of some more suitable material. In 1804 the first cast pipes were laid in Philadelphia, and, although cast on their sides, thus rendering them in many cases twice as thick on one side as the other, their use rapidly increased. To remedy the many defects caused by this imperfect mode of casting, the pipe manufacturers entirely altered their processes, and with new machinery and new methods cast their pipe on end, thus insuring an even thickness of metal and a solid casting. After these unprotected cast pipes had been in use for a long time, certain kinds of water were found to form tubercular accretions and rust inside of them, thus impeding the flow of water. About twenty-five years ago cast pipe for water mains began to be protected from these accretions by the coating now in general use, and in this manner such formations were entirely prevented. The many advantages obtained by the use of cast-iron coated pipe have recently been verified by letters from many of the water-works of this country that testify to its numerous advantages. In view of this, it is amusing to see how the magnificent results of this coated cast pipe are totally ignored in the recent publications of the manufacturers of wrought pipe coated with cement or other material, and how the record of the un- 7 8 The Atjdyston Pipe and Steel Co. protected mains, in which tubercular accretions sometimes collected, is used against the present coated pipes, which are the only cast pipes sold for water mains. In 1845 wrought pipe, coated inside and out with cement and sand, was laid for water mains, and its use was largely increased during the war in consequence of the extremely high price of iron, which rendered the wrought pipe, on account of its comparative lightness, much cheaper, apparently , than cast pipe. We say apparently , for in almost every city where this pipe has been in use for any length of time it has been replaced by cast pipe, as is the case in so many cities of Massachusetts and other states where it had been put in. This wrought pipe has only remained serviceable in a very few instances, where unusually favorable circum- stances caused its preservation. Lightning has a particular affinity for this wrought pipe, and many mains have been ruined in this manner. In a publication issued in the in- terest of cement-lined pipe it is stated that the cast pipe in Halifax, N. S. , was struck by lightning. This is incorrect, as Mr. Keating, Superintendent of the Halifax Water Works, advises us that the accident referred to was caused solely by a washout. We are unaware of any cast pipe having been destroyed by lightning. Recently a wrought pipe, coated inside and out with pure cement, without an admixture of sand, has been placed upon the market. It is difficult to understand how this pipe can be expected to give any better results than that last mentioned, as pure cement cracks more readily than a mixture of cement and sand. This pipe also differs from the former, having an outer wrought shell to enable the manufacturer to make it at his factory instead of at the point of laying. An additional element of danger is thus introduced, as the jarring during transportation is very liable to crack the cement, and its inspection and repair is entirely prevented by this outside wrought shell. Galvanized Iron Pipe was also tried. This pipe is made by coating ordinary wrought pipe with zinc. Its short life, high cost, and the danger of poisonous salts of zinc being formed in the water passing through this kind of pipe, soon caused its abandonment. We here append a clipping from the Engineering News of October 3, 1885, bearing on the subject: Cast Iron Pipe. 9 * ‘ Galvanized-iron Water Pipes. — In the course of a paper on the above subject by Dr. F. P. Venable, in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, he states that it has long been known that zinc dissolves in water, and that soft water, such as rain water, dissolves it more easily than hard water. Water containing carbonic acid is specially able to dis- solve it. The use of galvanized iron for pipes and tanks being so much on the increase, the subject becomes more and more important, and it is desir- able to ascertain, as far as possible, to what extent solution of the zinc coating. takes place, and how far water contaminated by zinc is injurious to health. The author quotes several investigators as to the latter point, the evidence being to some extent conflicting, but giving a very decided bal- ance on the side of the view that such water is considerably injurious. In- vestigations made on behalf of the French Government resulted in the prohibition by the Ministry of Marine of the use of galvanized-iron tanks on board men-of-war. Professor Heaton has given an analysis of a spring water, with a further analysis of the same water after it had traveled through half a mile of galvanized-iron pipe. It had taken up 6.41 grains of zinc carbonate per gallon. Dr. Venable gives the results of an observa- tion of his own, where spring water passed through 200 yards of galvan- ized-iron pipes to a house, and took up 4. 29 grains of zinc carbonate per gallon. It therefore seems pretty clear that drinking-water should not be allowed to come in contact with zinc.” The excellent results obtained by the coating used on cast pipe sug- gested the idea that wrought pipe coated in the same manner might be cor- respondingly protected. In practice, however, it was found that the pol- ished surface formed on the wrought pipe by passing the plates from which they were made through the rolls prevented this or other coatings from clinging tightly to the pipe, and soon caused the abandonment of pipe so coated for use as water mains. In the face of these results, how- ever, attempts are now being made to sell, for underground conduits, spirally welded wrought pipe of extremely thin metal, the life of which depends on the protection afforded by a coating similar to this. Kalamein Pipe . — Owing to the high price of tin its use as a pre- ventive of rusting in wrought-iron water pipe has not been feasible, and many attempts have been made to form a cheaper coating by alloying tin with lead or other cheaper metals. On November 16, 1880, an alloy IO The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. for coating iron was patented, the proportions of its ingredients being about as follows : Lead 53-93 per cent. Zinc 32.00 “ “ Tin 14.00 “ Nickel 07 “ “ 100.00 By this process, which is called calameining , the inventor ‘ ‘ is en- abled to use a large quantity of lead in combination with zinc, tin and nickel,” to form an alloy for coating. On June 10th and October 7, 1884, patents were also issued in which the percentage of lead was still further increased to from 60 to 80 per cent. , slight changes made in the other in- gredients of the alloy, and a fraction of one per cent, of copper added. Wrought pipe coated with this alloy is called “ Kalamein Pipe." The large percentage of lead in this pipe has caused great objection to its use, owing to the fear that water passing through it might become contami- nated, thus causing lead poisoning. The danger from this cause is not fancied, for in Massachusetts alone there are many well-authenticated cases in numerous towns and cities of persons becoming lead-poisoned by drink- ing water which had passed through lead pipes. (See Massachusetts Board Health Report, 1871.) This pipe is also extremely thin ; a ten-inch pipe, for example, is but slightly over one-eighth of an inch thick, while the ordinary standard wrought pipe is about one-third of an inch, and cast-iron water pipe nine-six- teenths of an inch in thickness. Owing to its extreme thinness the life of Kalamein pipe must indeed be short, if its coating is not indestructible. The tests made by Professor Charles O. Thompson, of the Rose Polytech- nic Institute, for The American Water-Works Association, and the trouble which several cities have already experienced in its use, throw grave doubt on the protection afforded by this coating. We understand that, in spite of the alleged indestructibility of this Kalamein coating, a still further protec- tion is now given this pipe by coating it with tar and asphalt, but for rea- sons already pointed out it is not probable that this coating can add much to the life of this pipe. Cast Iron Pipe. i i Wyckoff Pipe. — Wooden logs, bound with thin iron bands and coated on the outside with tar and sawdust, were also tried as mains. This pipe, called Wyckoff Wooden Pipe, was laid by Grand Rapids and Grand Haven (Michigan), Wichita (Kansas), Middletown (New York), New Lis- bon (Ohio), and many other cities, and the expense which they have undergone in replacing it with cast pipe does not speak very favorably of its merits. In some soils it may last many years, but trouble is usually experienced a few years after it is laid, on account of the rusting of the imperfectly protected wrought bands and the rotting of the wood ; this is particularly the case in the more recently made pipes, as it is becoming more and more difficult to obtain logs that are suitable for this purpose, owing to the rapid destruction of our forests. The claim made for all these pipes is their small cost, in comparison with those of cast iron. Their first cost is somewhat less; but with all due deference to the manufacturers of these different compositions, this is the most that can be said in their favor. We can not recall a single instance where any city has discarded the use of cast iron pipe for any of these inferior substitutes ; but instances can be multiplied where pipes of other material have been taken up to be replaced by those of cast iron. Nothing but cast iron is now used in all our large cities, the field of those dealing in patent rights for inferior pipe being the smaller towns and villages ; and here the citizens or trus- tees find to their cost that the investment has been a very expensive one, notwithstanding the claims made to them as to the small cost. New York, Brooklyn, Cincinnati, Louisville, Philadelphia, Toledo, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Buffalo, New Orleans, Memphis, Atlanta, Columbus, Milwau- kee, St. Louis, and all the cities where engineers are employed in their water departments, use nothing but cast-iron water pipe. The late Hon. A. W. Craven, formerly Chief Engineer of the Croton Aqueduct De- partment, New York, says: ‘ ‘ In cast iron you are dealing with a certainty I do not con- sider it true economy to use any known substitute in any portion of the distribu- tion of a town.” The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. I 2 NATURAL GAS PIPES. The use of cast-iron pipes as conduits for natural gas has increased to such proportions that we give below some of the advantages obtained by their use. Durability . — The life of cast pipe is unknown, as even the imperfect pipes first made in this country in 1804 are now in good condition, in spite of the fact that they are uncoated, and were cast on their sides, thus caus- ing one side to be two or three times as thick as the other. Pipes have only been coated during the last twenty-five or thirty years, and those first protected in this manner are now found as perfect as when laid. The smoothness caused by rolling iron or steel prevents this coating from clinging tightly to wrought-iron or steel pipes, and for this reason it can not be depended upon to preserve these pipes from rusting, and from becoming, after a time, worthless as conduits for natural gas. The short life of these pipes when laid in the ground is also well shown by the numerous attempts which have been made to lengthen their life by coating them with zinc, kalamein, cement, asphalt, or other ma- terials. (See pages 8, 9 and 10.) The material of which cast pipes are manufactured and their thick- ness, which is several times greater than that of wrought pipe, clearly proves the reliability and durability of cast-iron pipe. If the supply of natural gas fails, the cast pipe lines can be taken up and used elsewhere, or, if broken up, a large return can be realized from the scrap. Cast pipe is not porous, as is proven by the fact that the natural gas lines of Pittsburgh and other cities show no lowering of the pressure of the compressed air contained in them, although allowed to stand closed up for hours while being tested. Cast pipe is found equally tight in body and joint under natural gas pressure, as was exemplified in the test of The Equitable Natural Gas Line at Pittsburgh, where the line, although constructed of light-weight pipe, withstood successfully a natural gas pressure of one hundred and fifty pounds. The same result was also attained in the test of The Versailles Fuel Gas Company’s lines at McKeesport, Pa., where their twelve and Cast Iron Pipe. i3 fourteen-inch cast pipe successfully withstood a natural gas pressure of two hundred pounds, although pipes of ordinary water weights were used. Joint . — The advantage of the joint used on our cast pipe is well shown by the fact that two of the largest manufacturers of wrought pipes are making their pipes with joints made as nearly as possible like that used on cast pipes, although the advantage gained by the raised bead on the cast pipes can not be obtained in either of the wrought-pipe joints, as in one the bead is replaced by two small rivets and in the other by a groove cut into the spigot end of the pipe. The body of these lead-jointed wrought pipes is much thinner than even standard wrought screw pipe, and their life, when laid in the ground, is correspondingly shorter. It has been proven by experience that the joint on cast pipe remains absolutely tight under a pressure of five thousand pounds per square inch, and that a plug will withstand a pressure of four thousand pounds per square inch before being forced from the socket into which it is leaded. Cast iron expands one-eleventh less than wrought iron, and as cast iron will stretch twice as much as wrought iron within elastic limits, there is no strain on the cast-pipe joint. (For data see “ Trautwine’s Pocket Manual,” page 212.) As cast iron expands or contracts only one-eighth of an inch in 1,688 feet for one degree of heat, if the pipe line varies fifteen degrees in tem- perature there will be a variation of one-eighth of an inch in one hundred and thirteen feet, making a variation of only one-seventy-second of an inch in the length of each cast pipe, which is twelve feet long. Wrought iron varies one-eighth of an inch in only 1,562 feet for each one degree raise or lowering of temperature. If the pipe changes fifteen degrees in tempera ture, it will expand or contract one-eighth of an inch in only one hundred and four feet. 14 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co If wrought pipes are twenty-six feet long, there will then be an expan- sion of one-thirty-second of an inch in each joint; if eighteen feet long, one-forty-sixth of an inch in each joint ; while, as above shown, there is an expansion of only one-seventy-second of an inch in each joint of cast pipe. This will be allowed for fully by the packing in the cast-iron joint, while there is nothing in the screw joint to take up this contraction, particularly as Trautwine shows (page 212) that wrought iron will only stretch one- half as much as cast iron within elastic limits. When natural gas was first discovered two lines of cast pipes were laid in Pennsylvania, whose failure to successfully carry five hundred pounds pressure is often alluded to by our wrought pipe competitors, as these are the only cast iron gas lines, as far as we are aware, which have not given perfect satisfaction. When it is understood that these pipes were the thinnest manufactured, and were intended only to carry gas under a few ounces of pressure ; that they were purchased from many manufact- urers through a broker, and therefore had differently shaped joints ; that they were laid through an extremely rocky and rough country by men who had never laid cast pipes before, the surprise is, not that the lines did not carry gas under a pressure of five hundred pounds successfully, but that they were used to carry gas under pressures as high as two hundred pounds per square inch for several years. Cost . — For pipe of medium size it is safe to say that cast pipe laid in the ground is as cheap as wrought pipe on cars. As the size of the pipe increases, this difference in cost in favor of cast pipe over lap-weld wrought pipe increases with surprising rapidity. The great advantage obtained by using large pipe is hardly, we think, appreciated, for one twenty- four-inch pipe, twenty miles long, will deliver as much gas as twenty 8 -inch pipes of the same length. The loss of pressure on account of friction is extremely high in small lines, and it is usual to figure on a diminution in pressure of from six to eight pounds per mile in an eight-inch -pipe ; in the thirty-inch, and also in the twenty-four-inch cast pipe lines of The Equitable Natural Gas Com- pany, of Pittsburgh, a loss but slightly over a pound per mile is experi- enced. Cast Iron Pipe. 15 CAPACITY AND FACILITIES. Our works, being as large and as thoroughly fitted up as any in the country, have a complete assortment of the most improved machinery for making pipe and other castings. A brief description of our mode of man- ufacture is here appended. METHOD OF MELTING. Our cupolas are of the most improved pattern. In advance of the general custom, all iron, fuel, and flux, composing the mixture, is accu- rately weighed and analyzed. Thus, when any inferiority arises in the quality of casting we are enabled at once to trace and remedy the evil, thereby avoiding damage to our customers by the shipment of weak or defective pipe. From each day’s cast, bars are made by which the tensile strain is determined, thus regulating the uniformity of our work. MACHINE SHOPS. Included in and made a part of our works are extensive and thor- oughly equipped departments for all machine work. The same being re- plete with modern tools and machinery, enables us to reach every branch of work attendant upon the pipe business. We have special and com- plete facilities for facing, drilling, and finishing for immediate use, flange pipe and flange castings of all descriptions. We can, of course, face and drill our hydraulic cylinders or cylinders for smoke stacks when desired. FLASKS AND PATTERNS. Having been so long engaged in the manufacture of iron castings we have a stock of flasks and patterns sufficient to cover every demand for pipe, cylinders, and other castings. 1 6 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. OVENS. By the use of our superior drying ovens the drying of the mold pro- ceeds from the surface coming in contact with the molten metal, pre- venting honey-combing in the casting, as no moisture arises from the perfectly dried surface. By the use of gas, with which all our cores and molds at Addyston are heated, a thoroughly uniform drying is attained. COATING. When preferred, we coat our pipes with Dr. Angus Smith’s patent preservative varnish. This process of coating cast pipe has now been in use for over twenty-five years, and therefore ample time has elapsed for the thorough testing of its efficiency. In order to obtain accurate infor- mation on this very important subject we wrote to the heads of the water departments of many principal cities, and learned that this coating ab- solutely prevents the formation of tubercular accretions, or rust, in the pipe. In many tables showing the discharge from cast pipes the advantage obtained by the use of coated pipe has not been calculated upon. Mr. J. F. Bateman, F. R. S., states that “the four-feet pipes at Glasgow were cal- culated to deliver twenty million gallons in twenty-four hours with five feet per mile inclination. They (being coated) have delivered twenty-six million with three and one-half feet.” TESTING. All pipe over two inches in diameter is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 300 pounds per square inch ; an additional test is made while the pipe is under this pressure, by striking it throughout its length with an iron hammer, thus making apparent any flaw or imperfection existing. Cast Iron Pipe. We would call special attention to the socket and spigot ends of our pipe. When joints are properly made it is impossible for them to separate, or for leakage to occur when under pressure. These necessary results are attained by introducing into the interior of the socket a wedge-shaped recess called the lead ring, which being filled with lead obviates all possi- bility of a withdrawal of the bead end from the socket, and when under pressure tends to tighten the joint. Since the bead rests firmly against the sockets on all sides, it will be seen that it is impossible for the lead when poured to enter into the pipe through imperfect packing. By our improved method of casting the beads or spigot ends they are uniform and unchilled, thus strengthening the part of the pipe most exposed in handling. Further, our pipes are cast with our patent bell-shaped socket, thus causing the entering or spigot end of the pipe to be centered by the tapered sides of the socket. The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. 18 CYLINDERS. In this connection we desire to say we depart from the usual custom and cast all hydraulic Cylinders, Rolls for paper-mill machinery, Smoke Stacks, and other Tubular Castings, on end with iron core bars, thus giving uniform thickness and additional strength. By means of careful and extensive analyses and exhaustive tests by our chemist, we have arrived at most satisfactory mixtures of iron for the manufacture of castings requiring unusual strength and tenacity. FLANGE PIPE. To supply the ever-increasing demand for this class of pipe, we have put in a pit especially designed to make them rapidly and cheaply, and are therefore particularly well fitted to supply the needs of our customers who may desire them. These can be promptly faced and drilled in our machine shops if required. Crx. Cast Iron Pipe. 19 STILLS AND KETTLES. We have patterns for the casting of stills and kettles of various capac- ities, and are prepared to make in loam those differing from the patterns which we have. GENERAL FOUNDRY WORK. Our new molding floor, which is supplied with the most approved cranes, over-head travelers and flasks, enables us to furnish promptly, and at a very low price, castings of all kinds. We make a specialty, however, of very large castings, such as the stills above referred to, blast furnace castings, large specials, and loam castings of every description. Our new machine shops, equipped with tools of most modern design, enable us to face, drill or otherwise machine castings, if our customers so desire. 20 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. CULVERT PIPE. We have complete arrangements for the manufacture or cast-iron pipe of large diameters, for railroad or turnpike culverts. These pipes are usually cast to lay twelve feet, but shorter lengths can be furnished when desired. We also reserve such pipes which, through some slight defect, do not fulfill the severe requirements which we demand of our pipes, but which are thoroughly suitable and reliable for culvert pipe. Whenever we have any of these pipes on hand we supply them to our customers at an extremely low figure. The railroads of this country thoroughly appreciate the many ad- vantages derived from the use of cast-iron culvert pipe, and a consider, able percentage of the larger sizes of pipes made by us are furnished for this purpose. Among the exceptional advantages to be derived from the use of this class of culverts we desire to call attention to the following : 1. Ease and cheapness in laying ; no concrete foundation is required, as in the case of properly laid vitrified pipe, and joints (which can be of cement) occur only once in twelve feet 2. Durability. The enormous strength of this pipe prevents crushing, and the coating with which all our pipe is covered entirely prevents rusting. 3. Discharge. A larger discharge can be obtained through this than through any other kind of culvert, owing to its smooth surface, few joints, and perfect alignment. 4. Reliability . As one piece of our pipe lays twelve feet it may be used instead of six 2-foot vitrified pipes, thus eliminating the danger from undermining by water, the leaking from five joints, and also removing the danger of unequal settlement, as our pipe has a bearing six times as great as that of the two-foot vitrified pipe. Cast Iron Pipe. 21 BRIDGE PIERS AND SUBMARINE FOUNDATIONS. We are also prepared to make sections of cast-iron cylinders for bridge piers and submarine foundations. These sections are made in diameters and lengths as may be required, and from one to two inches in thickness of shell. The flanges are internal, drilled for bolts, and of any required size. The castings are squared in a lathe so as to present the best appear- ance and make a perfect joint. These cylinders coated with our patent preparation of coal tar are claimed to be superior to wrought-iron caissons. We recently sank a caisson of this description on our own prop- erty in order to place our artesian well pumps as close to the water supply as possible. It was composed of eight cylinders ten feet in di- ameter and six feet high. In place of a bottom flange the lower rim of the caisson was tapered to facilitate its sinking into the earth. Many large railroads have adopted castings of this description for bridge piers. We devote especial attention to these branches of our business and we respectfully invite correspondence, or will visit personally parties who may desire anything of the above description. TABLE SHOWING WEIGHTS OF EMBANKMENT MATERIALS PER CUBIC FOOT. Material. Av. Weight. Specific Gravity. Av. Voids. Granite 166 pounds. 2.666 Coarse Gravel 120 “ 1925 .28 per cent. Gravel 116 “ 1. 861 .30 Sharp Sand no “ 1.765 •33 “ Clay 125 “ 1.440 .12 “ Water 62.5 “ 1.000 To determine the pressure per square foot of embankment upon the horizontal surface of the pipe, multiply the weights above given by height of fill above the pipe. 22 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. STOCK ON HAND. For the convenience of our regular customers and of parties requiring pipe in emergencies, we keep on hand a considerable stock of both gas and water pipe, special branch castings and large sizes of pipe for culverts. The variety of standards makes it almost impossible to meet entirely the wishes of every one ordering from our stock. From Jong experience, however, we believe we have adopted safe standards ; these we endeavor to have constantly on hand to supply our customers’ wants. Should they, however, wish weights of their own, we shall use our best endeavors to meet their views. We here append table showing weights and thicknesses of pipe as manufactured by us. WEIGHTS OF STANDARD GAS PIPE. Internal Diameter in Inches. Thickness of Shell in Inches. W eigh t per Foot in Pounds. Weight per Pipe in Pounds. Laid Length. 2 5 1 6 6 48 8 3 T6 + I2£ 150 12 4 3 8 17 204 12 5 lV 24 288 12 6 30 360 12 8 T6+* 40 480 12 10 tV+ 50 600 12 12 1 70 840 12 14 T6 84 1,000 12 16 TS — IOO 1,200 12 18 1 1 rs 134 1,600 12 20 xi — 150 1,800 12 24 1- 184 2,200 12 For other weights see page 24. Cast Iron Pipe. 23 WEIGHTS OF STANDARD WATER PIPE. Internal diameter in Inches. Approx, thickness of Shell in Inches. Weight per Foot in Pounds. Weight per Length in Pounds. Laid Length. 2 re 7 63 9 3 1 i 5 l 8 o 12 3 i 17 204 12 4 i 22 y 264 12 5 i 27 324 12 6 } 33 396 12 8 l- 42 504 12 8 i 45 ^ 540 12 10 re 60 720 12 12 re 75 900 12 12 1 80 960 12 14 1 117 1,400 12 16 3 4 125 1,500 12 18 i 167 2,000 12 20 if 200 * 2.4OO 12 24 250 3,000 12 3 ° 350 4 200 12 - 36 n 475 5 * 7 oo 48 ih 775 9 , 3 oo 12 60 2 1,330 15.960 1 1 "i For other weights see page 24. The above weights are the usual ones required, but of course may be varied to accommodate our customers. 24 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. TABLES SHOWING WEIGHTS OF CAST IRON PIPE, WITH ALLOWANCE ADDED FOR BOWL AND SPIGOT ENDS, AS MANUFACTURED BY US. Weights in Columns , per Foot Lineal. Iron , .2604 per Cubic Inch. GQ W Thickness of Iron Shell in Inches. i * 1 £ t I 7 1 1 1* I* it 1* if 2. ft Equivalents in Decimals of an Inch. K E- z 125 .250 •375 .500 .625 .750 •875 1 1. 125 1.250 i -375 1.500 | 1-625 2. 2 3 6 9-3 14 19 1 3 4 9 13 18 23 29 41 5 1 1 17 23-5 30 37 44 52 5 6 -5 13.5 21 29 36 45 53 62 6 8 16.5 25 34 43 53 63 73 8 10 21.5 32.5 44 56 , 68 81 93 10 14 27 40.5 55 69^ 84 99 n 4 12 r 5 32 48 65 82 100 ”7 J 35 153 172 M 18 37 56 75 95 “5 137 *59 177 198 16 20 4 i 64 86 108 130 153 176 201 224 18 22 47 72 96 (21 146 172 197 224 250 276 20 26 52.5 79 107 134 162 190 216 24 7 275 3 D 5 336 398 458 24 32 63 95 127 l6o 192 225 259 293 33 ° 364 398 470 543 3 ° 40 78 1 18 158 198 23S 278 3 i 8 358 405 449 493 577 664 35 45 90 i 35 180 225 270 3 i 5 360 405 45 ° 495 540 668 766 36 47 94 i 4 t 188 235 282 335 384 433 483 533 583 686 788 40 52 104 156 208 260 312 364 4*3 465 5 i 7 569 621 762 875 42 55 1 10 165 221 276 33 i 386 442 496 552 608 662 718 912 48 63 I2 5 189 252 3 1 5 379 444 5 r o 573 640 705 771 904 1039 5o 65 130 197 262 328 395 463 53 i 597 66 7 734 803 042 1082 52 68 i35 203 270 338 406 473 537 605 672 740 807 991 1138 56 73 146 218 291 364 437 5 io 578 651 723 797 869 1067 1225 58 75 i 5 * 229 3°4 380 458 537 616 693 774 851 93i 1093 1255 60 80 156 239 3*6 396 476 556 636 716 810 898 986 ii54 1328 Above weights are only approximate, as actual weights will vary with the dimensions of the sockets used. Cast Iron Pipe. 25 THICKNESS OF CAST-IRON PIPE REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS PRESSURES WHEN TENSILE STRAIN IS 18,000 LBS. PER SQUARE INCH. Diameter. Class A, Pressure 50 lbs. per Square Inch or less. Head 116 Feet. Class B, Pressure 100 lbs. per Square Inch. Head 230 Feet. Class C, Pressure 130 lbs. per Square Inch. Head 300 Feet. Thickness. A pprox. weight Thickness. Approx. weight Thickness. Approx. weight Inches. Inches. Apprx in. per foot in lbs. Inches. Apprx. in. per foot in lbs. Inches. Apprx. in. per foot in lbs. 3 .3858 3 8 14.5 .4066 13 32 15 | .4191 I 6 17 4 •4033 13 3 2 .8.5 .4311 A 21 •4477 T6 j 22 6 .4383 T 5 - 3 ° .4800 33 ! .5050 1 2 34 8 •4734 42 .5289 H 47 .5622 9 T* 50 10 .5083 \ 55 1 I -5777 H 63 ! .6194 ! ! 1 67 12 •5433 TS 71 i .6266 * 82 | .6766 1 1 16 88 x 4 •5783 1 9 3 5 87 1 -6 ” 5 1 11 1 6 102 .7338 f hi 16 .6166 1 108 .7277 * 127 152 i -7944 ! 13 16 137 18 .6483 21 32 127 •7 733 11 : -8483 j n 166 20 .6833 1 1 T6 150 .8222 11 180 •9055 2 9 3 T 200 24 •7533 S 4 196 .9200 15 1 0 240 j | 1.0200 I 265 30 .8583 8 275 1.0666 lA 345 j 1.1916 r T6 384 36 .9633 3 1 • 32 370 1. 2133 I TZ 47 o 13633 527 48 1 I » I 733 I 3 A T6 607 1.5066 777 1.7066 1 IH 880 60 1.4110 tie 910 2.0000 2 1,328 ! 2.2500 2 1 1 500 A The thicknesses in the above table are based upon Fanning's formula. (P+ioo)d .4 S + •333 {•-+} fi 0) 3 ’> 3 2 c 3-05 1,150 118.745 5 I .438 1,656,000 -.36 4.82 425 16.751 7,268 612,000 2.76 13.33 i,i 75 123.913 53.677 1,692,000 .41 5 - * 1 ' 450 18.727 8.1 ii 648,000 2.88 13.61 1,200 129.192 5 v 963 1,728,000 •45 5-39 475 20.813 9.015 684,000 3.00 13.89 1 ,225 134.580 58.291 1,764,000 • 5 ° 5-67 500 23.009 9.967 720,000 3* I 3 14.18 1,250 140.078 60.674 1,800,' 00 •55 5-95 525 25-315 | 10.966 756,000 3.25 14.46 i ,275 145.687 63.108 1,836 000 .60 6.24 55 ° 27.731 12.01 1 792,000 3-38 14.75 1,300 1 5 1 .406 65.576 1,872,000 .66 6.52 575 30.258 13.107 828,000 3-51 15-03 1,325 I 57-234 68.101 1 ,908,000 .72 6.81 600 32.894 14.249 864,000 3-65 * 5-32 i, 35 o 163.173 70.685 1,944,000 .78 7.09 625 .35.640 15.439 900,000 3-78 15.60 i ,375 169.222 73 . 29.6 1,980,000 •85 7.38 650 38.497 16,678 936,000 3-92 15.88 1,400 I 75 - 38 I 75.965 2,016,000 .91 7-66 675 41.464 1 7.960 972,000 4.06 16.16 1,425 181.650 78.682 2,052,000 .98 7-94 700 44.540 19.083 1,008,000 4.21 16.45 i, 45 o 188.029 81.443 2,088,000 1-05 8.22 725 47.727 20.674 1 ,044,000 4-35 16.73 i ,475 i 94 * 5 i 8 84.254 2,124,000 1.13 8.51 750 51.024 22.101 1 ,080,000 4-50 17.02 1,500 201.118 87.121 2,160,000 37 Cast Iron Pipe. 6-Inch Pipe— Concluded. Vv 4 -> O C o ^ o o :y in Feet :ond. g-a *j % tfc FRICTION HEAD. alions ed per -four rs. -w 6 ^ 4. 0 g :y in • Feet :ond. « “c FRICTION HEAD. 1-4 • K O , § £ T 3 •5 d v °^s O -- C! V °2'i O ^ 5 ^ . b c-.P _ V ^ O C /3 -d £ Oj.q o CL, a U. S. disc per Feet. Pounds. c/}jS . 0 £ -d m 0 - J m cr 3 hh a; 73 U. S. disc per Feet. Pounds. • 0 s -o 4.65 17.30 1,525 207.827 90.018 2,196,000 6.31 20.14 i ,775 280.975 I 2 I. 7 I 2 2,556,000 4.8l 17-59 I, 55 <> 214.646 92.969 2,232,000 6.48 20.42 1,800 288.895 125.138 2,592,000 4.96 17.87 i ,575 221.576 95 - 98 I 2,268,000 6.67 20.71 1,825 296.926 128.621 2,628,000 2,664^000 5-12 18.15 1,600 1,625 228.6l6 99.027 2,304,000 6.85 20.99 1,850 305.066 132.144 5.29 18.44 235765 1 02.04 1 2.340.000 2.376.000 7.03 21.27 1,875 3 ‘ 3 . 3 l 6 135.761 2,700,000 2,736,000 5-45 18.72 1,650 243. 0 25 IO5.271 7.22 21.56 1,900 321.677 139.343 5.62 19.01 1,675 250.395 IO8.462 2.412.000 2.448.000 7.42 21.84 1,925 330.148 143.014 2,772,000 578 19.29 1,700 257.875 III.699 7.61 22.13 i, 95 ° 338.728 I46.73I 2.808.000 2.844.000 5-95 19-57 1,720 265.465 1 14.99 I 2,484,000 7.81 22.41 i ,975 347.419 150.494 6.13 19.86 i, 75 ° 273.165 118.331 2,520,000 8.00 22.69 2,000 356.220 I 54.304 2,880,000 8-Inch Pipe— 1,000 Feet Long. c . c* £ .16 25 .036 .016 36,1x30 • 5 T 574 900 17.681 7.694 1,296,000 • 5 | .32 5 o .096 .042 72,000 •54 5.90 925 18.656 8.081 1,332,000 $ 0 .48 75 .182 .078 108,000 •57 6.06 950 19.656 8.514 1,368,000 4 0 .64 100 .294 .127 144,000 .60 6.22 975 20.683 8.959 1,404,000 .01 .80 125 •433 .188 180,000 •63 6.38 . 1,000 21.735 9.414 1,440,000 .01 .96 150 •59 7 * -259 2 1 6,000 .66 6-54 1,025 22.814 9.882 1,476,000 .02 I. *2 ‘75 .788 •J 4 1 252,000 .70 6.70 1,050 23.919 10.361 1,512,000 •03 1. 28 200 1.065 •435 288,000 •73 6.85 1,075 25.050 10.851 1,548,000 .03 1.44 225. 1*248 • 54 1 324,000 .76 7.01 1, 100 26.208 11.352 1,584,000 .04 I.60 250 1.517 .657 360,000 .80 7 .i 7 1,125 27.391 11.865 1,620,000 •°5 1-76 275 1.812 .785 396,000 .83 7-33 1,150 28.600 12.389 1,656,000 .06 1.91 3 °° 2.133 .923 432,000 .87 7 - 5 ° i,i 75 29.836 12.924 1,692,000 .07 2.07 325 2.481 1.074 468,000 • 9 i 7.66 1,200 31 098 13.470 1,7 >8,000 .08 2.23 35 ° 2.854 1.236 504,000 •95 7.82 1,225 32.386 14.0 -‘9 1,764.000 .09 2-39 '37 5 3.254 i.4to 540,000 •99 7.98! 1,250 33.699 14.598 1 ,800,000 .10 2-55 40.0 3^8o i- 5£4 576,000 1.03 8.14 1,275 35.040 15.178 1,836,000 .11 2.71 425 4.132 ~L 79 ° 612,000 1.07 8.30 1,300 36.406 15770 1,872,000 •13 2.87 45 o 4.610 i .997 648,000 1. 1 1 8.46 1,325 37.798 i 6.373 1,908,000 .14 3.03 475 5 .H 4 2.215 684,000 1. 16 8.62 1 , 35 ° 39.217 16.988 1,944,000 .16 3 .i 9 500 5.644 2^445 720,000 1.20 8.78 i ,375 40.661 17.613 1,980,000 •17 3-35 525 ' 6.201 2.686 756,000 1.24 8.94 1,400 42.132 18.251 2,016,000 .19 3 . 5 i 550 6.783 2-938 792,000 1.29 9.10 1,425 4.3.629 18.899 2,052,000 . .21 c 75 7.392 3.202 828,000 i -33 9-25 1 , 45 ° 45-152 19.559 2,088,000 a 8.026 3477 864,000 1.38 9.41 i ,475 46.701 20.230 2,124,000 .2$ 3.99 625 0.5^7 3.763 900,000 1.42 9-57 1,500 48.276 20.91 2 2,160,000 .27 4.15 650 9-374 4,061 936,000 1.47 973 1,525 49.877 21.605 2,196,000 •29 4.31 675 10.088 4.370 972,000 i- 5 ? 9.89 i, 55 o 51-505 22.310 2,232,000 .31 4.47 700 10.827 4.690 | 1 ,008,000 i -57 10.05 i ,575 53.158 23.026 2,268,000 •33 4.62 725 ir. 592 5.021 | 1,044,000 1.62 10.21 1,600 54.838 23-754 2,304,000 • 3 ; 4 - 78 c 750 12.384 5.364 1 1,080,000 1.67 10.37 !,625 56.544 24-493 2,340,000 .38 4-93 775 1 3.201 5 . 7 i 8 1,116,000 1.72 10-53 1,650 58.275 25-243 2,3 76^,000 .40 5.09 800 14.045 6.083 1,152,000 1 1.78 10.69 1,675 . 60.033 26.002 2,41*2,000 •43 5.25 825 14.915 6.460 1,188,000 I '-83 10.85 !, 7°0 61.818 26.782 2,448,000 .46 5-43 850 15.811 6.849 1,224,000 1 1.88 1 1. 00 1,725 63.628 27.562 2,4*4,000 .48 5-59 875 16.733 7.246 1,260,000 i 1-94 11. 16 1,750 65.464 28.357 2,520,000 The Addystox Pipe and Steel Co. « £ * V ft.- •S-o5 :>city in in Feet Second. , Gallons :harged Minute. t> -3 — V . V ft ** S. C/} 1/1 b ft I *99 1 1 -3 1 i ,775 2.05 11.47 1,800 2. 11 1 1.64 1,825 2,17 1 1.80 1,850 2.23 11.97 i,875 2.29 12.13 1,90c 2.35 12.29 1,925 2.41 12.45 1 , 95 ° 2.47 12.61 C 975 2.53 12.77 2,000 2.60 12.93 2,025 2.66 13.08 2,050 2.73 13-24 2,075 2.79 1340 2,100 2.86 13.56 2,125 2.93 13.72 2,150 3 -°° 13.88 2,175 8-lnch Pipe— Concluded. S «5 FRICTION HEAD. c a ^ i) ft-— CJ 4 > nj 79 864,000 .42 5-20 i ,275 11.679 5.058 1,836,000 .10 2.55 625 2-944 1.275 900,000 •44 5 - 3 i 1,300 12.131 5-254 1,872,000 . 1 1 2.65 650 3-!73 1-374 936,000 .46 5 - 4 i 1,325 12.591 5454 I,908,000 .12 2.75 675 3.410 1 1.477 972,000 •47 5 - 5 i i, 35 o 13.059 5.657 1,944,000 Cast Iron Pipe, 39 lO-Inch Pipe-Concluded. *< O « »- c 0) ft.- fl >> g 'V u rt‘2 « o '~< s > ~ - •0^ c /5 J 2 5 W ■&&. p' 0 ft Feet. Pounds. T 3 •49 5- 6 1 1,375 I 3.536 5.864 1,980,000 1. 25 8.98 2,200 34.086 I 4.765 3,168,000 •SI 5-72 1,400 14.022 6.074 2,016,000 1.28 9.09 2,225 34-855 15.098 3 , 204,000 •53 5.82 1,425 I 4 . 5 I 7 6.288 2,052,000 !- 3 I 9.19 .2,250 35.631 15.434 3 . 240.000 3 . 276.000 •54 5-92 i, 4 ' 5 o 15.019 6.505 2,088,000 i -34 9.29 2,275 36.417 15.775 • -56 6.02 1 ,47 5 15.531 6.727 2.124.000 2.160.000 1-37 9.39 2,300 37.211 l6.Il8 3,312,000 3 , 348,000 •58 6.13 1,500 16.051 6-953 1.40 9.49 2,325 38.013 16.467 .60 6.23 1,525 16.579 7.18.I 2,196,000 i -43 9.59 2,350 38.824 16.808 3 , 384,000 .62 6-33 i, 55 o I 7- II 7 7.414 2,232,000 1.46 9.69 2,375 39.644 I 7 .I 73 3,420,000 3 , 456,000 .64 6-43 1 ,575 17.662 7.650 2,268,000 1.49 9.80 2,400 4O.472 17-531 .66 6-53 1,600 1,625 18.216 7.891 2,304,000 1.52 9.90 2,425 4I.309 17.894 3,492,000 .68 6.63 18.779 8.I34 2.340.000 2.376.000 1.56 10.00 2 , 45 ° 42.154 18.260 3,528,000 ' .70 6-73 !,65o 19-351 8.382 i -59 10. 1 1 2,475 43.008 18.630 3,564,000 •A 2 6.83 1,675 19-931 8.633 2.412.000 2.448.000 i.62 10.21 2,500 43.870 19.003 3,600,000 3,636,000 •75 6.94 1,700 20.519 8.888 1.65 10.31 2,525 44.74I 19.381 •77 7.04 1,725 . 21.116 9.146 2,484,000 1.68 10.41 2,550 45.621 19.762 3, 672,000 •79 7.14 !, 75 ° 21.722 9.409 2.520.000 2.556.000 1.72 10.52 2,575 46.509 20. 146 3,708,000 .81 7.24 1 ,7 7 5 22.336 . 9-676 i -75 10.62 2,600 47.405 20-535 3,744,000 .84 7-35 I, 800 J, 825 22.959 9.946 2,592,000 1.79 10.72 2,625 48.3II 20.927 3,780,000 .-86 7-45 23.590 10.218 2.628.000 2.664.000 1.82 10.82 2,650 49.224 21.323 3,816,000 .88 7-55 !,85o * 24.230 10.496 1.85 10.92 2,675 50.447 21.722 3,852,000 • 9 i 7-65 !,875 24.878 10.777 2.700.000 2.736.000 1.89 n.03 2,700 51.078 22. 125 3,888,000 •93 7.76 I , 9 °o 25.535 11. 061 i-93 ii .13 2,725 52.OI7 22.532 3.924.000 3.960.000 .96 7.86 !,925 26.201 n-349 2,772,000 1.96 n.23 2,75° 52.965 22.942 .98 7-96 i,95o 26.875 11.641 2.808.000 2.844.000 2.00 n.33 2,775 53.922 23-357 3,996,000 I.OI 8.06 !,975 27-557 n-937 2.03 11.43 2,80a 54.887 23-775 4,032,000 1.04 8.17 2,000 28.249 12.236 2,880,000 2.07 n.53 2,825 55.860 24.196 4,068,000 1.06 8.27 2,025 28.948 12-539 2,916,000 2.10 n.63 2,850 56.843 24.622 4,104,000 1.09 8-37 2,050 29.657 12.847 2,952,000 2. 14 H-73 2,875 57.833 25-051 4,140,000 1. 12 • 8.47 2,075 30.374 I3.I57 2,988,000 2.18 11.84 2,900 58.833 25.484 4,176,000 1. 14 8.58 2,100 31.099 I3.47I 3.024.000 3.060.000 3.096.000 2.22 11.94 2,925 59.841 25.921 4.212.000 4.248.000 1. 17 8.68 2, I2 5 31-833 13-789 2.25 12.04 2 , 95 ° 60.857 26.361 1.20 8.78 2,150 32.576 14.112 2.29 12.14 2,975 61.882 26.805 4,284,000 I.22j 8.88 2,175 33-327. 14-437 3,132,000 2 - 33 i 12.25 3,000 62.916 27-253 4,320,000 12-Inch Pipe— 1,000 Feet Long. .07 25 .009 .004 36,000 .01 .85 300 •323 . 140 432,000 .14 50 .020 .009 72,000 .01 .92 325 .372 .161 468,000 .21 75 •035 .015 108,000 .02 •99 35 ° •425 .184 504,000 .28 100 •053 .023 144,000 .02 1.06 375 .481 , .208 540,000 •35 125 .075 .032 180,000 .02 1. 13 400 •541 .234 576,000 •43 150 . 100 •043 216,000 .02 1.20 425 .603 .261 612,000 ■ 5 o 175 .129 .056 252,000 •03 1.28 45 ° .670 .290 648,000 •57 200 .161 •° 7 ° 288,000 .03 i .35 475 .740 .320 684,000 .64 225 .196 .085 324,000 •03 1.42 500 .813 •352 720,000 .71 250 .235 .102 360,000 •03 1.49 525 .890 .381 756,000 .78 275 .277 .120 396,000 1 .04 1.56 550 .970 .420 792,000 40 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. 12-Inch Pipe— Continued. U.og •S-og a *>t 3 0 0 •ufii = « 34 )S — Mg 11 m.S O 25 FRICTION HEAD. j:j, rt v . ^ O 4 -» 6 • £a •'rt 0) Q * Feet. Pounds. D.2 ** -a f C 3 Ph 0. Feet. Pounds. • 0 s K.2 w •0 .04 1.63 575 1.053 .456 828,000 -38 4.96 1.750 8.862 3.839 2,520,000 .04 I.70 600 1. 140 •494 864,000 •39 5-03 1.775 9.1 1 1 3-947 2,556,000 •05 I.77 625 1. 23 1 •533 900,000 .41 5 -ii 1,800 9.363 4.056 2,592,000 •05 I.84 650 1.325 •574 936,000 .42 5 .i 8 1,825 9.619 4.167 2,628,000 .06 1. 9 I 675 1.422 .616 972,000 •43 5-25 1,850 9.878 4.279 2,664,000 .06 I.98 700 I .523 .660 1,008,000 •44 5-32 1,875 IO.I4O 4.392 2,700,000 .07 2.05 725 I.627 .705 1,044,000 -45 5-39 1,900 IO.406 4.508 2,736,000 .07 2.13 75 o 1-735 .752 1,080,000 .46 5-46 1,925 IO.676 4.625 2 , 77 * ,oo° .07 2.20 775 I.846 .800 1,116,000 .48 5-53 1,950 IO.948 4742 2,808,000 .08 2.2 7 800 I.961 .849 1,152,000 •49 5.60 J .975 II.225 4.862 2,844,000 .09 2-34 825 2.079 .900 1,188,000 •50 5.67 2,000 II.504 4.998 2,880,000 .09 2.4I 850 2.200 •953 1,224,000 • 5 i 5-74 2,025 II.787 5.106 2,916,000 .IO 2.48 875 2.325 1.007 1,260,000 •53 5.81 2,050 12.074 5.230 2,952,000 .IO 2-55 900 2-453 1.062 1,296,000 •54 5-88 2,075 12.364 5-356 2,988,000 .11 2.62 925 2.585 1. 120 1,332,000 •55 5-96 2,100 12.658 5483 3,024,000 .11 2.69 95 o 2.720 1.178 1,368,000 •57 6.03 2,125 12.954 5.6ll 3,060,000 .12 2.76 975 2.859 1.238 1 ,464,000 •58 6. 10 2,150 13-255 5-742 3,096,000 •13 2.84 1,000 3.001 1.300 1,440,000 •59 6.17 2,175 I 3-558 5.873 3,132,000 •13 2.91 1,025 3 -H 6 1.363 1,476,000 .61 6.24 2,200 13.866 6.006 3,168,000 .14 2.98 1,050 3-295 1.427 1,512,000 .62 6.31 2,225 14.176 6.I40 3,204,000 .14 3-05 1,075 3448 1.494 1,548,000 •63 6.38 2,250 I4.490 6.276 3,240,000 •15 3.12 1,100 3.603 1.561 1,584,000 •65 6.45 2,275 14.808 6.413 3,276,000 .16 3 -i 9 1,125 3.763 1.630 1,620,000 .66 6-53 2,300 1 5 * 1 29 6-553 3,312,000 •17 3.26 1,150 3.925 1.700 1,656,000 .68 6.60 2,325 15-453 6.693 3,348,000 •17 3-33 i,i 75 4.092 1-773 1,692,000 .69 6.67 2 , 35 o 15.781 6.835 3,384,000 .18 3-40 1,200 4.261 1.846 1,728,000 • 7 i 6-74 2,375 16.112 6.979 3,420,000 •*9 3-47 1,225 4-434 1. 921 1,764,000 •72 6.81 2,400 16.447 7.124 3,456,00c .20; 3-54 1,250 4.611 1.997 1 ,800,000 •74 6.88 2,425 16.785 7.271 3,492,000 .20 3.61 i ,275 4.791 2.075 1.836,000 •75 6-95 2,450 17.127 7 - 4*9 3,528,000 .21 3-69 1,300 4-974 2.155 1,872,000 •77 7.02 2,475 17.472 7.568 3,564,000 .22 3.76 1,325 5.161 2.233 1,908,000 •78 7.09 2,500 17.820 7.719 3,600,000 •23 3.83 i, 35 o 5.351 2.318 1,944,000 .80 7.16 2,525 18.172 7.871 3,636,000 .24 3-90 i ,375 5-545 2.402 1,980,000 .81 7-23 2,550 18.528 8.026 3,672,000 • 2 5 3-97 1,400 5742 2.487 2,016,000 •83 7-30 2,575 18.886 8.180 3,708,000 •25 4.04 1,425 5-942 2.574 2,052,000 .84 7-37 2,600 19.249 8.338 3,744,000 .26 4. 1 1 i, 45 o 6.146 2.662 2,088,000 .86 7-44 2,625 19.614 8.496 3,780,000 .27 4.18 1 ,47 5 6-354 2.752 2,124,000 .88 7 - 5 i 2,650 19.983 8.656 3,816,000 .28 4-25 1,500 6.565 2.844 2,160,000 .89 7-58 2,675 20.356 8.817 3,852,000 .29 4-32 1,525 6.779 2.936 2,196,000 .91 7.66 2,700 20.732 8.986 3,888,000 •30 4-39 i, 55 o 6.997 3-031 2,232,000 •93 7-73 2,725 21. hi 9.144 3,924,000 • 3 1 4.46 L 575 7.218 3.127 2,268,000 •95 7.80 2,750 21.494 9.310 3,960,000 •32 4-54 1,600 7.442 3.224 2,304,000 .96 7.87 2,775 21.881 9478 3,996,000 •33 4.61 1,625 7.671 3-323 2,340,000 .98 7-94 2,800 22.270 9.646 4,032,000 •34 4.68 i , 65 o 7.902 3.423 2,376,000 1. 00 8.01 —2,825 22.663 9.817 4,068,000 •35 4-75 i,675 8.137 3-525 2,412,000 1. 01 8.08 2,850 23.060 9.989 4,104,000 .36 4.82 1,700 8-375 3.628 2,448,00c 1.03 8.15 2,875 23.460 10.162 4,140,000 •37 4.89 1,725 8.617 3-732 2,484,00c 1.05 8.23 2,900 23.864 io.337 4,176,000 Cast Iron Pipe 4i 12 -Inch Pipe— Concluded. Head in Feet required to prc duce Velocity Velocity in Pipe in Feet per Second. U. S. Gallons discharged per Minute. FRICTION HEAD. U. S. Gallons discharged pe twenty-four Hours. Head in Feet 1 required to prc duce Velocity Velocity in Pipe in Feet per Second. U. S. Gallons discharged per Minute. FRICTION HEAD. U. S. Gallons discharged pel twenty-four Hours. Feet. Pounds. Feet. Pounds. I.07 8.30 2,925 24 271 IO.514 4,212,000 I.32 9 22 ! 3.250 29.874 I2.94O 4,680,000 I.09 8-37 2,950 24.681 IO.691 4,248,000 1-34 9.29 1 3,275 ; 30.329 I 3 -I 38 4,716,000 I. II 8.44 2,975 25 095 IO.870 4,284,000 1.36 ! 9.36 1 3,300 30.788 I 3-336 4 , 752,000 1.13 8.51 3.000 25.512 II. 051 4,320,000 1-38 I 9-43 3,325 31-250 13 536 4,788,000 1.15 8.58 3-025 25 933 11.233 4 , 356,000 1 40 9-50 3.350 31-715 rj -738 4,824,000 1.17 8.6c 3.050 26.357 II. 417 4 , 392,000 1.42 9-57 ! 3,375 32.184 13-942 4.860,000 1. 18 8.72 3,075 26.785 II.603 4,428,000 1-45 9.64 ! 3 , 4 oo 32.656 I 4 -H 5 ! 4,896,000 1.20 8.79 3,100 27.216 II.789 4,464,000 1.47 9 71 1 3,425 33,132 14-352 4 , 932,000 1.22 8.86 3,125 27.650 II 978 4, 500,000 1.49 9.78 j 3 , 45 o 33.611 14.560 4,968,000 I.24 8-93 3,150 28 088 12.167 4 , 536,000 1. 5 i 985 3,475 34.094 14.769 5,004,000 1.26 9.00 3 ,i 75 28 529 12.358 4 , 572,000 i -53 9.93 3 . 5 oo 34-580 14-979 5.040,000 1.28 9.08 3,200 28.974 !2 550 4,608,000 1.56 10.00 3,525 35-069 15.191 5 076,000 I.30 9.15 3,225 29.422 12-745 4,644,000 14 -Inch Pipe— 1,000 Feet Long. -1 .iol 5 o .012 •0051 72.000] •17 | 3 33 1,600 3 - 5 io 1.520 j 2,304,000 O O .21 100 .029 • 013 ! 144,000 .18 3 - 44 1.650] 3-725 1.614 2,376,000 .31 150 •053 •023! 216.000 .20 3-54 * 1,700! 3-946 1.709 J 2,448,000 S O .42 200 •083 .036 288,000! .21 3-65 i- 75 o| 4- 1 73 1.808 2,520,000 •52 250 .119 .052 36o,oooj .22 3-75 1,800 4.407 1.909 2,592,000 £> •63 300 .162 .OJO 432,000! •23 3.86 1,850! 4.647 2.013 2,664,000 -1 •73 350 .211 .091 504,000! •24 3-96 1,900 4.894] 2.118 2,736,000 .01 •83 400 .267 .Il6 576,000 .26 4.06 i, 95 o 5 -H 7 2.229 2,808,000 .01 •94 45 ° •329 .143 648,000 •27 4.17 2 ,OOOj 5.406 2.342 2,880,000 .02 1.04 500 •397 .172 720,000 .28; 427 2,050! 5.672 2-457 2,952,000 .02 115 550 .472 .204 792,000 • 3 o| 4-38 2,100, 5-944 2-575 3,024,000 .03 i - 2 5 600 •553 .240 864 000 • 3 i 4.48 2,150] 6.222 2.695 3,096,000 .03I i -35 650 .640 .277 936,000 •33 4-59 2,200 6.507 2.818 3,168,000 •03 i . 46 ( 700 •734 .318 1.008,000 34 4.69 2.250 6.798 2-945 3,240,000 .04 1-56 750 •834 .362 1,080,000 •36 4.80 2,300 7-095 3-073 3,312,000 .04 1.67 800 .941 .408 1,152 000 •37 4.90 2,350 7-399 3-205 3,384,000 •05 i- 77 , 1 850 1-053 •457 1,224,000 • 39 ] 5.00 2,400 7.709 3-339 3,456,000 .06 1.88 900 1 i 73 .508 1,296.000 .41 5 - 11 2 , 45 ° 8.026 3-477 3,528,000 .06 1.98; 95 ° 1.298 ■561 1,368.000 .42 5 - 2 i 2,500 8-349 3.617 3,600,000 .07 2.08I 1,000 i- 43 o .619 1,440.000 •44 5-32 2.550 8.678 3-759 3,672,000 .07 2.18 1,050 1.568 .678) 1,512,000 .46 5-42 2 600 9.014 3-905 3 , 7 44 , 000 .08 2.29 1,100 i- 7 i 3 .742 1,584,000 •47 5-52 2,650 9 - 356 ; 4053 3,816,000 .09 2-39 1,150 1.864 .807 1,656,000 •49 5-63 2,700 9 - 704 ! 4.204 3,888,000 .10 2.50 1,200 2.022 .876 1,728,000] • 5 i 5-73 2,750 10.059 4-357 3,960,000 .11 2.60 1,250 2.185 •949 1. 800. 0001 •53 5.84 2,8ool 10.420 4 - 5 H| 4,032,000 .12 2.71 1,300 2.356 1. 021 1,872,00a] •55 5-94 2,850 10.788 1 4-673 4,104,000 .13 2.81 1 , 35 ° 2.532 1.097 i, 944 ,ooo| •57 6.05 2,900 1 1 . 161 j 4 - 835 i 4,176,000 •*3 2.91 1,400 2.715 1.176 2,016,00a •59 6 15 2,950 11.542 5.000 4,248,000 .14 3.02 1 , 45 ° 2.904 1.258 2,088,000 .61 6.25 3,000 11.928 5- i6 7 4,320,000 •15 3-13 1,500 3.100 1-343 2, 160,00a •63 6.36 3,050 12.321 5-337 4,392,000 .161 3 - 23 1 1 , 55 ° 3-302 1.430 2,232,0001 .65 6.46 3,!ool 12.721 5 - 5 IQ 4.464,000 4- The Addyston 1 j ipe and Steel Co. V 14-Inch Pipe— Concluded. * s * (/) u 73 4 ) . « 8 73 V P.S C V FRICTION HEAD. § V .Sg * g-ss FRICTION HEAD. 0 2 O g •S-o " ^8 •- c « a*; • rt h-; v H.y X ? = '>ss. s. Feet. Pounds. • 0 ^ P.2 ~ -a V 3 J ►r cr 3 rL a; p-S. Feet. Pounds. • O > P W «-» .67 6.57 3,150 13.126 5.685 4 , 536,000 1. 00 8.0,2 3,850 19.474 8-435 5 , 544 ,ooo .69 6.67 3,200 I 3-538 5.864 4.608.000 4.680.000 1.03 8.13 3,900 19-975 8.653 5,616,000 •71 6.77 3,250 13-957 6.046 1.05 8.23 3,950 20.483 8.872 5.688.000 5.760.000 •74 6.88 3,300 14.381 6.229 4 , 752,000 1.08 8-34 4,000 20.997 9-095 .76 6.98 3,350 14.813 6.416 4,824,000 I. II 8.44 4,050 21.517 9.320 5,832,000 .78 7.09 3,400 I 5- 2 50 6.607 4,896,000 II 3 8-54 4,100 i 22.044 9-549 5.904.000 5.976.000 .86 7.19 3,450 I 5-694 6.798 4,968,000 1. 16 8.65 4,150 1 22.577 9-779 .83 7.29 3,500 l6. 144 6.993 5,040,000, 1. 19 8-75 4,200 23.116 10.013 6,048,000 .85 7.40 3,550 l6.6oi 7 -I 9 I 5.112.000 5.184.000 1.22 8.86 4,250 23.662 10.250 6, 1 20,000 .87 7 - 5 ° 3,600 17.064 7-392 1.25 8.96 4,300 24.214 10.488 6,192,000 .90 7.61 3,650 17-533 7-594 5.256.000 5.328.000 1.28 9.07 4,350 24.772 10.687 6,264,000 .92 7 . 7 i 3,700 18.009 7.800 I- 3 I 9.17 4,400 25-337 10.975 6,336,000 •95 7.82 3,750 18.491 8.009 5,400,000 i -34 9.28 4,450 25.909 11.223 6,408,000 .98 7.92 3,800 18.979 8.221 5,472,000! 1 1-37 9.38 4 , 5 oo 26.4.86 n -473 6,480,000 16-Inch Pipe— 1,000 Feet Long. O .08 5 ° .008 .003 72,000 .09 2.47 L 55 ° 1.732 .750 2,232,000 .16 100 .018 .008 144,000 .10 2-55 1,600 - 1.840 -797 2,304,000 _ •24 150 .031 .013 216,000 .11 2.63 1,650 I - 95 I . .845 2,376,000 0 0 •32 200 .048 .021 288,000 .12 2.71 1,700 2.066 .895 2,448,000 .40 250 .068 .029 360,000 .12 2.78 L 75 o 2.184 .946 2,520,000 eJ X .48 3 °° .091 •039 432,000 •13 2.87 1,800 2.305 -999 2,592,000 •56 350 .117 •°5 1 504,000 .14 2-95 1,850 2.429 1.052 2,664,000 $ > w 0 fa n'v ^ 0 0 a “ • ~ -a :ity in n Feet econd. Gallons larged dinute. FRICTION HEAD. u> <0 , fifth 0 0 • GTS *2 M c« 7 0 ° 14.918 6.462 6,768,000 •47 5 - 5 i 3,450 8.134 3-523 4 968,000 .89 7-58 4,750 I 5-232 6.598 6,840,000 •49 5-59 3 , 5 oo 8.367 3-625 5,040,000 .91 7. 66 4,800 15-549 6-735 6,912,000 • 5 ° 5-67 3,550 8.602 3.726 5,112,000 •93 7-74 4,850 15.869 6.874 6,984,000 • 5 i 5-75 3,600 8.841 3-830 5, 184 000 •95 7.82 4,900 16.193 7-015 7,056,000 •53 5-83 3,650 9.083 3-935 5,256,000 •97 7.90 4 , 95 ° 16.520 7.156 7,128,000 •54 5 - 9 i 3 , 7 oo 9.328 4.041 5,328,000 •99 7 - 9 & . 5 , 00 ° 16.850 7.298 7, 200,000 •56 5-99 3,750 9-576 4.148 5,400,000 1. 01 8.06 5,050 17.183 7-434 7,272,000 •57 6.07 3,800 9.828 4-257 5,472,000 1.03 8.14 5,100 17.520 7.589 7,344,000 •59 6.15 3,850 10.083 4.368 5.544,000 io 5 8.22 5 ,i 5 o 17.860 7.736 7,416,000 .60 6.23 3 , 9 oo 10.341 4.480 5,616,000 1.07 8.30 5,200 18.203 7.884 7,488,000 .62 6.31 3,950 10.603 4-593 5,688,000 1.09 8.38 5,250 18.549 8.033 7,560 000 •63 6.38 4,000 10.868 4.707 5,760,000 1. 11 8.46 5,300 18.899 8.187 7,632,000 .65 6.46 4,050 11.136 4.824 5,832,000 i-i 3 8-54 5,350 19.252 8.340 7,704,000 .67 6-54 4,100 11.407 4.941 5,904,000 1. 16 8.62 5,400 19.608 8-493 7,776,000 .68 6.62 4 ,i 5 o 11.682 5.060 5,976,000 1. 18 8.70 5,450 19.968 8.649 7,848,000 .70 6.70 4,200 11.960 5.180 6,048,000 1.20 8.78 5 , 5 oo 20.331 8.707 7,920,000 .72 6.78 4,250 12.241 5-303 6, 120,000 1.22 8.86 5 550 20.697 8.965 7,992,000 •73 6.86 4 , 3 oo 12.525 5.426 6,192,000 1.24 8-94 5,600 21.066 9-125 8,064,000 18 -Inch Pipe— 1, O O O Feet Long. .06 50 .005 .002 72,000 .02 1. 19 95 ° •398 .172 1,368,000 •13 100 .012 .005 144,000 •03 1.26 1,000 •437 .189 1.440, 000 0 £ .19 150 .020 .009 216,000 •03 1.32 1,050 -477 .204 1.512,000 •25 200 .030 .013 288,000 •03 i -39 1,100 .520 .225 1 584,000 0 • 3 i 250 .042 .018 360,000 •03 i -45 1,150 •564 •244 1,656,000 o' .38 3 °o •055 .024 432,000 .04 I - 5 I 1,200 .61 1 .266 1,728,000 G •44 350 .071 .031 504,000 .04 1.58 1,250 •659 .285 1,800,000 rG •50 400 .088 .038 576,090 .04 1.64 1,300 •709 •307 1,872,000 in •57 45 ° .107 .046 648,000 •05 1.70 I , 35 ° .760 •329 1,944,000 i 5 ° 2.293 •993 4,536,000 .OI .87 850 .201 .087 1,224,000 •17 3.26 3,200 2.363 1.024 4.608,000 .OI .92 900 .222 .096 1,296,000 •17 3 - 3 i 3.250 2-435 1-055 4,680,000 .02 •97 95 ° •245 .106 1,368,000 .18 3-37 3 . 3 oo 2.508 1 .086 4,752,000 .02 I.Q 2 1,000 .368 .Il6 1,440,000 .18 3 - 4 2 3 . 35 o 2.581 1.118 4,824,000 .02 1.07 1,050 •293 .127 1,512,000 .19 3-47 3.400 2.656 1 . 1 50 4,896,000 .02 1. 11 1,100 .318 .138 1,584.000 .19 3 - 5 2 3 . 45 o 2.732 1.183 4,968,000 .02 1. 17 1,150 •345 .149 1,656,000 .20 3-57 3 . 5 oo 2.809 1. 217 5,040,000 .02 1.22 1,200 •373 . 162 1,728,000 .20 3.62 3 . 55 o 2.887 1.251 5,112,000 •°3 1.27 1,250 .402 .174 1,800,000 .21 3-67 3,600 2.967 1.285 5,184,000 •°3 *•33 1,300 -.432 .187 1,872,000 .22 3-72 3.65° 3-°47 1.320 5,256,000 •°3 1.38 I > 35 ° •463 .200 1,944.000 .22 3-77 3 , 7 oo 3 - 128 1-357 5,328,000 •03 i -43 1,400 •495 .214 2,016,000 • 2 3 3.82 3 , 75 o 3 - 21 1 1. 39 i 5,400,000 .03 1.48 i, 45 o .528 .229 2,088,000 • 2 3 3-87 3,800 3* 2 94 1.427 5,472 000 ..04 T -53 1,500 1 .562 •243 2, 160 000 .24 3-93 3,850 3-378 1.463 5,544,000 .04 1.58 I , 55 ° •598 •259 2,232,000 • 2 5 3-98 3 , 9 oo 3-464 1. 501 5,616,000 .04 1.63 1,600 • 634 •275 2,304,000 • 2 5 4-03 3 , 95 o 3-551 i .538 5,688,000 .04 1.68 1,650 .672 .291 2,376,000 .26 4.08 4,000 3-638 i -576 5,760,000 .05 .i -74 1,700 .710 •308 2,448,000 .27 4 -i 3 4,050 3-727 1.614 5,832,000 •°5 1.79 1 , 75 ° • 75 ° •325 2,520,000 .27 4.18 4,100 3 - 8 i 7 i -653 5,904,000 .05 1.84 1,800 •790 •342 2.592,000 .28 4-23 4 , 1 5 ° 3.908 1.693 5,976,000 .06 1.89 1,850 • 832 .360 2,664,000 .28 4.28 4,200 4.000 i -733 6,048,000 .06 1.94 1,900 •875 •379 2,736,000 • 2 9 4-34 4,250 4-°93 i -773 6, 120,000 .06 1.99 i. 95 o .919 •398 2 808,000 •30 4-39 4,300 4.187 1.814 6,192,000 .06 2.04 2,000 .964 .417 2,880,000 • 3 i 4.44 4 , 35 o 4.283 1.855 6,264,000 .07 2.09 2,050 1. 010 •437 2,952,000 • 3 i 4.49 4,400 4-379 1.893 6,336,000 .07 2.14 2,100 i-o 57 •458 3,024.000 •32 4-54 4 , 45 o 4.476 1-939 6,408,000 •°7 2. 19 2,150 1. 105 •479 3,096,000 •33 4-59 4 , 5 op 4-575 1.982 6,480,000 .08 2.25 2,200 i-i 54 .500 3, 168,000 •34 4-65 4,550 4.674 2.025 6,552,000 .08 2.30 2,250 1.204 .522 3,240,000 •34 4.70 4,600 4-775 2.068 6,624, 000 .09 2-35 2,300 1.256 •544 3,312,000 •35 4-75 4,650 • 4.876 2.1 12 6,696,000 .09 2.40 2 , 350 ' 1.308 .566 3.384,000 ■36 4.80 4,7oo 4-979 2-157 6,768,000 46 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. %. 20-Inch Pipe - Concluded. Head in Feet required to pro- duce Velocity. Velocity in Pipe in Feet per Second. U. S. Gallons discharged per Minute. FRICTION HEAD. U. S. Gallons discharged per twenty-four Hours. Head in Feet required to pro- duce Velocity. Velocity in Pipe in Feet per Second. U. S. Gallons discharged per Minute. FRICTION HEAD. U. S. Gallons discharged per twenty-four Hours. Feet. Pounds. Feet. Pounds. •37 4-85 4 , 75 ° 5-083 2.201 6,840,000 .6l 6.28 6,150 8.423 3-649 8,856,000 • 3 « 4.91 4,800 5.188 2.247 6,912,000 .62 6-33 6,200 8.558 3-7 07 8,928,000 •38 4.96 4,850 5-294 2.293 6,984,000 .63 6.38 6,250 8.694 3.766 9,000,000 •39 5.01 4,900 5.401 2-339 7,056.000 .64 6-44 6,300 8.831 3-825 9,072,000 .40 5.06 4 , 95 ° 5-509 2.386 7,128,000 .65 6-49 6 , 35 ° 8.969 3.885 9,144,000 .41 5 -II 5,000 5.618 2.434 7,200,000 .66 6-54 6,400 9.108 3-945 9,216,000 .41 5.16 5,050 5.728 2.481 7,272,000 .68 6-59 6 , 45 ° 9.248 4.006 9,288,000 .42 5 - 2 i 5,100 5-839 2.529 7 , 344 ,ooo •69 6.64 6,500 9-390 4.068 9,360,000 •43 5.26 5450 5-952 2.578 7,416,000 .70 6.69 6,550 9-532 4.130 9,432,000 •44 5 - 3 i 5,200 6.065 2.627 7,488,000 .71 6-74 6,600 9-675 4.191 9,504,000 •45 5-36 5,250 6.180 2.677 7,560,000 .72 6.79 6,650 9.820 4-254 9,576,000 .46 5 - 4 i 5 , 3 oo 6.295 2.727 7,632,000 •73 6.85 6,700 9-965 4-317 9,648,000 .46 5-46 5,350 6.412 2.777 7,704,000 -74 6.90 6,750 10. 1 12 4.380 9,720,000 •47 5 - 5 2 5,400 6.530 2.828 7,776,000 •75 6-95 6,800 10.259 4.444 9,792,000 .48 5-57 5,450 6.648 2.880 7,848,000 -76 7.00 6,850 10.408 4 - 5°9 9,864,000 •49 5.62 5 , 5 oo 6.768 2.932 7,920,000 •77 7-05 6,900 10.558 4-574 9,936,000 •50 5-67 5,550 6.889 2.984 7,992,000 -78 7.10 6 , 95 ° 10.709 4.639 10,008,000 • 5 i 5-72 5,600 7. on 3-037 8,064,000 -79 7-15 7,000 10.861 4-705 10,080,000 •52 5-77 5,650 7-134 3.090 7,136,000 .81 7.20 7,050 11. 014 4 - 77 i 10,152,000 •53 5.82 5 , 7 oo 7.258 3-144 8,208,000 , .82 7.25 7,100 1 1. 168 4.838 10,224,000 •54 5-88 5,750 7-383 3.198 8,280,000 .83 7-30 7 ,i 5 o n.323 4-905 10,296,000 •55 5-93 5,800 7 - 5 io 3-253 8,352,000 .84 7-35 7,200 11.479 4.972 10,368,000 •56 5-98 5,850 7-637 3 - 3 o 8 8,424,000 .85 7.40 7,250 11.637 5.041 10,440,000 •57 6.03 5 , 9 oo 7-765 3-364 8,496,000 .86 7.46 7 , 3 oo n -795 5- io 9 10,512,000 •57 6.08 5,950 7.895 3.420 8,568,000 .88 7 . 5 i 7 , 35 ° n -954 5 -I 78 10,584,000 .58 6.13 6,000 8.025 3-476 8,640,000 .89 7.56 7 , 4 oo 12.115 - 5.248 10,656,000 •59 6.18 6,050 8.157 3-533 8,712,000 .90 7.61 7 , 45 ° 12.276 5.318 10,728,000 .60 6.23 6, 100 8.290 3-591 8,784,000 .91 7-66J 7 , 5 oo 12.439 5.388 10,800,000 24-Inch Pipe— 1,000 Feet Long. -031 .07 5 o 100 ^002 Too 5 .001 .002 72,000 144.000 216.000 3 0 .60 .64 850 900 .089 .098 •039 .042 1.224.000 1.296.000 .IO 150 .007 .003 ■StS .67 95 ° .108 .047 1,368,000 -14 200 .010 .004 288,000 r 1-4 Ji /"S -71 1,000 .118 .051 1 ,440,000 1 -17 250 .014 .006 360,000 V -43 600 .050 .022 .02 -99 1,400 .212 .092 2,016,000 ►4 .46 650 •057 .025 936,000 •02 1.02 i, 45 o .226 .098 2,088,000 .50 700 .064 .028 1,008,000 .02 1.06 1,500 .241 .104 2,160,000 -53 750 .072 .031 1,080,000 .02 1.09 i, 55 o •255 .110 2,232,000 •57 8oo| .080 •035 1,152,000 .02 1. 1 3 1,600 .270 •i 17 2,304,000 Cast Iron Pipe. 47 24-Inch Pipe— Continued. Head in Feet required to pro duce Velocity. Velocity in Pipe in Feet \ per Second. U. S. Gallons discharged per Minute. FRICTION HEAD. U. S. Gallons discharged pe twenty-four Hours. Head in Feet required to pro duce Velocity, i Velocity in Pipe in Feet per Second. U. S. Gallons discharged per Minute. FRICTION HEAD. U. S. Gallons discharged pei twenty-four Hours. Feet. Pounds. Feet. Pounds. .02 1.J.6 1,650 ..286 .124 2,376,000 •13 2.84 4,000 1 1-500 ' .65c » 5,760,000 .02 I. 2 Q 1,700 •302 •131 2,448,000 •13 2.87 4,050 1.536 .665 5,832,000 .02 I.24 1,750 .318 .138 2,520,000 .13 2.91 4, 100 1-573 .681 5,904,000 .03 1.28 1,800 •335 •145 2,592,000 •!3 2-94 4,150 I.6lO .697 5,976,000 •03 I.3I 1,850 •352 .152 2,664,000 .14 2.98 4,200 I.648 .714 6,048,000 •03 1*35 1,900 • 37 o .160 2,736,000 .14 3.01 4,250 1.686 • 73 ° 1 6, 1 20,000 .03 1.38 1,950 .388 .168 2,808,000 •14 3.05 4,300 1.724 •747 6,192,000 .03 I.42 2,000 .406 .176 2,880,000 •!5 3.08 4,350 1.763 .764 6,264,000 .03 1-45 2,050 •425 .184 2,952,000 •!5 3.12 4,400 1.802 .781 6,336,000 •03 1.49 2,100 •445 •193 3,024,000 •15 3-15 4,450 1.841 .798 6,408,000 .04 1.52 2,150 .465 .201 3,096,000 .16 3.19 4 5 oo 1.881 .815 6,480,000 .04 1.56 2,200 .485 .210 3,1 68,000 .16 3.23 4 550 1.922 .833 6,552,000 .04 i -59 2,250 .506 .219 3,240,000 •!7 3.27 4,600 1.963 .850 6,624,000 •04 r .6 3 2,300 .527 .228 3,312,000 • 17 3-30 4,650 2.004 .868 6,696,000 .04 1.67 2 , 35 ° •548 •2 37 3,384,000 .17 3-34 4,700 2.046 .887 6,768,000 •05 1.70 2,400 •570 •247 3,456,000 .18 3-37 4,750 2.088 .905 6,840,000 •05 1.73 2 , 45 ° •593 .257 3,528,000 .18 3 . 4 i 4,800 2.131 •923 6,912,000 •05 1.77 2,500 .615 .267 3,600,000 .18 3-44 4,850 2.174 .942 6,984,000 •05 I.80 2,550 •639 .278 3,672,000 .19 3-48 4,900 2.217 .960 7,056,000 •05 1.83 2,600 j .662 .287 3,744,000 .19 3 - 5 i 4 , 95 ° 2.261 •979 7,128,000 .05 1.87 2,650 .687 .298 3,816,000 .20 3-55 5 ,ooo 2.305 •999 7,200,000 .06 1. 91 2,700 .711 .308 3,888,000 .20 3.58 5,050 2.350 1. 018 7,272,000 .06 1.94 2,750 .736 .319 3,960,000 .21 3.62 5,100 2-395 1.038 7,344,000 .06 1.98 2,800 .761 •330 4,032,000 .21 3-65 5 r 5 ° 2.441 1.057 7,416,000 .06 2.02 2,850 - .787 .341 4,104,000 .21 3-69 5,200 2.487 1.077 7,488,000 .07 2.05 2,900 .814 •353 4,176,000 .22 3-72 5,250 2-533 1.097 7,560,000 .07 2.09 2 , 95 ° .840 • 3 6 4 4,248,000 .22 3.76 5,3oo 2.580 1.118 7,632,000 .07 2.13 3,ooo .867 • 376 4,320,000 .22 3-79 5 , 35 o 2.628 1.138 7,704^000 .07 2.16 3,050 .895 .388 4,392,000 •23 3.83 5,400 2.675 I-I59 7,776,000 .08 2.20 3 , IO ° .923 .400 4,464,000 • 2 3 3-86 5 , 45 o 2.724 1. 180 7,848,000 .08 2.23 3,150 • 95 i .412 4,536,000 .24 3.90 5,5oo 2.772 1. 201 7, 920,000 • .08 2.27 3,200 .980 .424 4,608,000 .24 3-93 5 55 ° 2.821 1.222 7,992,000 .08 2.3O 3,250 1.009 •437 4,680,000 •25 3-97 5,6oo 2.871. 1.244 8,064,000 .09 2-34 3,3oo 1.039 • 45 ° 4,752,000 .25 4.00 5,650 2.921 1.265 8,136,000 .09 2-37 3 , 35 o 1.069 .463 4,824,000 •25 4.04 5,7oo 2.971 1.287 8,208,000 .09 2.4I 3,4oo 1. 100 '.476 4,896,000 .26 4.08 5 , 75 o 3.022 1.309 8,280,000 .09 2.44 3 , 45 o .1.131 • 490 • 4,968,000 .26 4.12 5,800 3.073 I- 33 I 8,352,000 .10 2.48 3,5oo 1. 162 •503 5,040,000 .27 4.15 5,850 3.125 1-354 8,424,000 .10 2.51 3 , 55 o 1. 194 • 5 i 7 5,112,000 •27 4.19 5,9oo 3-177 1-376 8,496,000 .10 2-55 3,600 1.227 • 53 i 5,184,000 .28 4.22 5,950 3.229 1-399 8,568,000 .10 2.58, 3,650 1.259 •545 5,256,000 .28 4.26 6,000 3.282 1.421 8,640,000 .11 2.62 3,7oo 1.292 .560 5,328,000 .29 4.29 6,050 3.336 1.444 8,712,000 .11 2.65 3,750 1.326 •575 5,400,000 .29 4-33 6,100 3.389 1.467 8,784,000 .11 2.69 3.800 1.360 •589 5 , 472 ,ooo •30 4-36 6,150 3-444 1,492 8,856,000 .12 2.72 3,850 1-394 .604 5,544,000 •30 4.40 6,200 3.468 1. 5 i 5 8,928,000 .12 2.76 3,9oo 1.429 .619 5,616,000 • 3 i 4-43 6,250 3-553 i -539 9,000,000 .12 2.80 3 , 95 o 1.465 •635 5,688,000 • 3 i 4-47 6,300 3.609 1.563 9,072,000 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. 4$ 24-Inch Pipe— Concluded. z 2 >> t/i t s tfi « a .* c ii-o FRICTION HEAD. U 0,2 .£ JJT 3 GT3 V 0 flj tj FRICTION HEAD. go.- l** O o • 3.5 « s 3 ff| s-o*2 « O Soibg 2 J O •3 e a> °J 3 S O . h r- ° 0 C /3 — 4 ) i) a. W 5 » 1. 1-3 8 v ah »SI, wjs 5 e >ss. Feet. Pounds. E.s ~ -a J 0*3 ti’S, Feet. Pounds. •32 4-50 6 , 35 o 3.665 I.588 9,144,000 -50 5.67 8,000 5.752 2.492 11,520,000 •32 4-54 6,400 3 - 72 i I.6l2 9,216,000 -51 5.70 8,050 5.823 2.523 11,592,000 •33 4-57 6,450 3.778 I.636 9,288,000 9,360,000 •51 5-74 8,100 5.894 2-554 1 1,664,000 •33 4.61 6,500 3.835 1. 66l •52 5-77 8,150 5.965 2.584 11,736,000 •34 4.64 6,550 3-893 1.686 9 , 432,000 •53 5 - 8 i 8,200 6.037 2.615 1 1,808,000 •34 4.68 6,600 6,650 3 - 95 i 1. 712 9,504,000 •53 5-84 8,250 6.IO9 2.646 11,880,000 •35 4.71 4.010 i -737 9,576,000 -54 5-88 8,300 6.182 2.678 11,952,000 •35 4-75 6,700 4.068 1.762 9,648,000 •54 5-91 8,350 6.255 2.7II 12.024.000 12.096.000 •36 4.78 6,750 4.128 1.786 9,720,000 •55 5-95 8,400 6.329 2.745 .36 4.82 6,800 6,850 4.188 1.813 9 . 792.000 9.864.000 -56 5.98 8 , 45 ° 6.403 2-774 12,168,000 •37 4.85 4.248 1.840 -56 6.02 8,500 6.477 2.806 12,240,000 •37 4.89 6,900 4 - 3°9 1.867 9,936,000 -57 6.06 8,550 6.552 2.839 12.312.000 12.384.000 .38 4.92 6,950 4-370 1.893 10,008,000 -58 6.10 8,600 8,650 6.627 2.872 .38 4.96 7,000 4-431 i- 9 i 9 10,080,000 -58 6.13 6.703 2.905 12,456,000 •39 4-99 7,050 4-493 1.946 10,152,000 -59 6.17 8,700 6.779 2.938 12,528,000 •39 5-03 7,100 4-556 . 1-974 10,224,000 .60 6.20 8,750 6.856 2.971 1 2.600.000 12.672.000 .40 5.06 7,i5o 4.618 2.000 10,296,000 .61 6.24 8,800 8,850 6.933 3.004 .40 5.10 7,200 4.682 2.028 10,368,000 .61 6.27 7.010 3-037 12,744,000 .41 5 -i 3 7,250 4-745 2.056 10,440,000 .62 6.31 8,900 7.088 3.070 12,816,000 •42 5.i7 7,3oo 4.809 2.084 10.512.000 10.584.000 .63 6-34 8,950 7.166 3- io 3 12.888.000 12.960.000 42 5.20 7,350 4.874 2.112 .63 6.38 9,000 7.245 3- I 37 •43 5-24 7,400 4-939 2.140 10,656,000 .64 6.41 9,050 7.324 3 - I 7 I 43,03 2, OOO •43 5-27 7,450 5.004 2.168 10,728,000 -65 6.45 9,100 7.404 3.206 13,104,000 13,176,000 13,248,000 •44 5 - 3 i 7,5oo 5.070 2.197 10,800,000 10,872,000 .66 6.49 8,150 7.484 3-241 •44 5-34 7,550 5 -I 36 2.225 .66 6-53 9,200 7.564 3.276 •45 5-38 7,600 7,650 5-203 2.254 10,944,000 .67 6.56 9,250 7.645 3-3II 13,320,000 .46 5-42 5.270 2.282 II,0l6,000 .68 6.60 9,300 7.727 3.346 13,392,000 13,464,000 .46 5-46 7,7oo 5-338 2.311 1 1 ,088,000 .68 6.63 9 , 35 o 7.808 3-382 •47 5-49 7,750 5.406 2.341 11,160,000 .69 6.67 9,400 7.890 3.418 13,536,000 .48 5-53 7,800 5-474 2.371 11,232,000 .70 6.70 9 , 45 o 7-973 3-454 13,608,000 .48 5-56 7,850 5-543 2.401 1 1.304.000 11.376.000 .71 6.74 9 , 5 oo 8.056 3490 13,680,000 •49 5.60 7,900 5.612 2.431 -71 6.77 9 , 55 o .8.140 3-526 13,752,000 13,824,000 -49 5-63 7 , 95 o 5.682 2.461 1 1,448,000 .72 6.81 9,600 8.223 3.562 30-Inch Pipe— 1,000 Feet Long. •04I 100 .002 .001 144,000 •54 1,200 .060 .026 1,728,000 O .o 9 j 200 .005 .002 288,000 ctf 0 •59 1,300 .069 .030 1,872,600 £ .14 300 .008 .003 432,000 ££ •63 1,400 .078 .034 2,016,000 .18 400 .011 .005 576,000 cn K .68 1,500 .088 .038 2,160,000 O O •23 500 .015 .006 720,000 • 864,000 . ° ^0 .St3 £ city in 'n Feet econd. Gallons arged dinute. FRICTION HEAD. C ftg ==-cl A rt 0 ■ 1- O M ■s.s* O'" C/5 — V ^ C/5 % u c /5 «S 5W *S.§ «i 0 to H V u to S „ Sa ffi fa JJ-T3 .(3 v P ft Feet. Pounds. •o v 3 0 s. a « to " 3 P. Feet. Pounds. P.3* •a •44 5 - 3 i 11,700 4.043 I. 75 I 16,848,000 .58 6.08 13,400 5-273 2.284 19,296,000 -45 5-36 1 1,800 4.1 1 1 i.78r 16,992,000 .58 6.13 13,500 5.350 2.317 19,440,000 .45 540 11,900 4.180 1.811 17,136,000 •59 6.17 13,600 5.428 2 - 35 1 19,584,000 .46 544 12,000 4.249 1.841 17,280,000 .60 6.22 13,700 5.507 2.385 19,728,000 47 548 12,100 4 . 3 l 8 1.870 17,424,000 .61 6.26 13,800 5.586 '2.420 19,872,000 .48 5-53 12,200 4.388 1.900 17,568,000 .62 6.31 13,900 5.665 2-454 20,016,000 48 5-57 12,300 4459 1 - 93 1 17,712,000 .63 6.36 14,000 5.746 2.489 20, 1 60,000 49 5.62 12,400 4.530 1.962 17,856,000 .64 6.40 14,100 5.826 2.524 20,304,000 •50 5.66 12,500 4.602 1.993 18,000,000 •65 645 14,200 5.908 2-559 20,448,000 •5i 5 - 7 i 12,600 4.674 2.024 18,144,000 .66 649 14,300 5.990 2.595 20,592,000 51 5-75 12,700 4747 2.056 18,288,000 •6 7 6.54 14,400 6.072 2.630 20,736,000 •52 5.80 12,800 4.820 2.088 18,432,000 •67 6.58 14,500 6.155 2.666 20,880,000 •53 5.85 12,900 4.894 2.120 18,576,000 .68 6.63 14,600 6.239 2.702 21,024,000 •54 5-90 13,000 4.969 2.152 18,720,900 .69 6.67 14,700 6.323 2.739 21,168,000 •55 5-94 13,100 5-044 2.185 18,864,000 .70 6.72 14,800 6.408 2.776 21,3 12,000 -56 5-99 13,200 5.120 2.217 19,008,000 .71 6.76 14,900 6.493 2.813 21,456,000 •57 6.04 13,300 5-196 2.250 19,152,000 1 .72 6.80 15,000 6-579 2.850 21,600,000 36-Inch Pipe— 1,000 Feet Long. .032 100 .001 .000 144,000 .01 .882 2,800 •ii 5 •050 4,032,000 .063 200 .003 .001 288,000 .01 .913 2,900 .122 •053 4,176,000 •095 300 .004 .002 432,000 .01 •945 3,000 .130 .056 4,320,000 .126 400 .006 .003 576,000 .02 •9 77 3.i°o .138 .060 4,464,000 .158 500 .008 .004 720,000 .02 1.009 3,200 .146 •063 4,608,000 .189 600 .010 .004 864,000 .02 1.040 3 . 3 °o ■154 .067 4,75 2 ,ooo .221 700 .012 ,005 1,008,000 .02 1.072 3 . 4 oo .163 .071 4,896,000 .252 800 .015 .006 1,152,000 .02 1. 103 3 . 5 oo .171 .074 5 , 040,000 .284 900 .018 .008 1,296,000 .02 1.135 3.6oo . 180 .078 5,184,000 £ •315 1,000 .021 .009 1,440,000 .02 1.167 3 . 7 oo .189 .082 5,328,000 .346 1,100 .024 .010 1,584,000 .02 1.198 3.8oo .199 .086 5,472,000 O O .378 1,200 .028 .012 1,728,000 .02 1.234 3.900 .208 .090 5,616,000 .409 1,300 .031 .013 1,872,000 •03 1.260 4,000 .218 .094 Pi ON O "O O O 5 6 .440 1,400 •°35 .015 2,016,000 •03 1. 291 4, 100 .328 .099 5 , 904,000 .472 1,500 .040 .017 2,160,000 •03 1-323 4, 200 .239 . 104 6,048,000 m in •503 1,600 .044 .019 2,304,000 .03 1-355 4,300 .249 .108 6,192,000 V •535 1,700 .049 .021 2,448,000 •03 1.386 4,400 .260 •1 13 6,336,000 .566 1,800 .054 .023 2,592,000 •03 1.418 4 , 5 oo .271 .117 6,480,000 .597 1,900 .059 .026 2,736,000 .03 i.449 4,600 .282 .122 6,624,000 .630 2,000 .064 .028 2,880,000 •03 1.481 4,700 .294 .127 6,768,000 .661 2,100 .070 .030 3,024,000 .04 1. 512 4,800 •305 .132 6,91 2,000 •693 2,200 .075 .032 3,168,000 .04 1-544 4,900 •317 .138 7,056,000 .724 2,300 .081 •035 3,312,000 .04 1-576 5,000 •329 •143 7,200,000 •756 2,400 .088 .038 3,456,000 .04 1.608 5,100 •342 .149 7,344,000 •787 2,500 .094 .041 3,600,000 .04 1.63.9 5,200 •354 .154 7,488,000 .Ol .819 2,600 .101 .044 3,744,000 .04 1.671 5,300 .367 .160 7,632,000 .OI • 850 2,700 . 108 .047 3,888,000 .05 1.702 5,400 .380 .165 7,776,000 Cast Iron Pipe. 36-Inch Pipe — Continued. 4 -i O ^ V ft.- in eet id. W FRICTION HEAD. V K, V ft— ,pH ■a u 4 ) O'- C /3 Js .a « T 3 .05 1-734 5,500 •393 .170 7.920.000 8.064.000 .16 3.21 10,200 I.272 •55 14,688,000 .05 1.765 5,600 .407 .176 .16 3-24 10,300 I.296 .56 14.832.000 14.976.000 .05 1.797 5 , 7 oo .421 .182 8,208,000 •17 3.28 10,400 1. 321 •57 .05 1.828 5,800 •435 .188 8,352,000 •17 3 - 3 i 10,500 1-345 .58 15.120.000 15.264.000 •05 1.86 5 , 9 oo •449 .194 8,496,000 •17 3-34 10,600 1-370 •59 .06 1.89 6,000 •463 .201 8,640,000 .18 3-37 10,700 1-395 .60 15,408,000 .06 1.92 6,100 .478 .207 8,784,000 .18 3-40 10,800 1.420 .62 1 5,552,000 .06 i -95 6,200 •493 .214 8,928,000 .18 3-43 10,900 1.446 •63 1 5,696,000 .06 1.98 6,300 .508 .220 9,072,000 .19 3-46 11,000 1.472 .64 15,840,000 .06 2.02 6,400 •523 .227 9,216,000 9^360,000 .19 3 - 5 ° 1 1,100 1.498 •65 15,984,000 .07 2.05 6, 500 •538 •233 •19 3-53 1 1,200 1.524 .66 16,128,000 .07 2.08 6,600 • 554 .240 9.504.000 9.648.000 .20 3-56 11,300 i- 55 o .67 16.272.000 16.416.000 .07 2.11 6, 700 • 57 o .247 .20 3.60 11,400 1-577 .68 .07 2.14 6,800 • 586 .254 9.792.000 9.936.000 .20 3-63 1 1 , 5 °° 1.604 .69 16,560,000 .07 2.17 6,900 .603 .261 .21 3.66 11,600 1.631 • 7 i 16.704.000 16.848.000 .08 2.21 7,000 .619 .269 10,080,000 .21 3-69 11,700 1.658 .72 .08 2.24 7,100 .636 •276 10.224.000 10.368.000 .22 3- 72 11,800 1.686 •73 16.992.000 1 7. 136.000 .08 2.27 7,200 .653 .283 .22 3-75 1 1 ,900 i- 7 i 3 •74 .08 2.30 7,300 .671 .291 10,512,000 • 22 3-78 1 2,000 1. 741 •75 17,280,000 .09 2-34 7,400 .688 .298 10,656,000 •23 3.81 12,100 1.769 •77 17.424.000 17.568.000 .09 2.37 7 , 5 oo .706 .306 10,800,000 •23 3-84 12,200 1.798 •78 .09 2.40 7,600 .724 .313 10,944,000 •23 3-87 12,300 1.827 •79 17.712.000 17.856.000 .09 2-43 7,700 .742 .321 11,088,000 .24 3 - 9 i 12,400 i -855 .81 .09 2.46 7,800 .761 .329 11.232.000 11.376.000 •24 3-94 12,500 1.885 .82 18,000,000 .10 2.49 7,900 .780 •337 •25 3-97 12,600 1. 914 •83 18,144,000 .10 2.52 8,000 .798 .346 11.520.000 11.664.000 •25 4.00 12,700 1-943 .84 18,288,000 .10 2-55 8,100 .818 •354 •25 4-03 1 2,800 1-973 .85 18.432.000 18.576.000 .10 2.58 8,200 .837 • 3 6 3 11,808,000 .26 4.06 12,900 2.003 •87 .11 2.61 8,300 •857 •371 11.952.000 12.096.000 .26 4.09 13,000 2.033 .88 18.720.000 18.864.000 .11 2.65 8,400 .877 .380 .27 4.13 13,100 2.064 .89 .11 2.68 8,500 .897 .389 12.240.000 12.384.000 .27 4. 16 13,200 2.095 .91 19,008,000 .11 2.71 8,600 .917 •397 .27 4.19 13,30° 2. j 26 .92 19.152.000 19.296.000 .12 2-74 8,700 •937 .406 12,528,000 .28 4-23 13,400 2.157 •94 .12 2.77 8,800 •958 .415 12,672,000 .28 4.26 13,500 2.188 •95 19.440.000 19.584.000 .12 2.80 8,900 •979 .424 12.816.000 1 2.960.000 .29 4.29 13,600 2.220 .96 .13 2.84 9,000 1 .000 •433 .29 4-32 13,700 2.252 •97 19,728,000 .13 2.87 9,100 1.022 •443 I 3 , I P 4 , 000 13,248,000 .29 4-35 13,800 2.284 •99 19,872,000 .13 2.90 j 9, 200 1.043 .452 • 3 ° 4-38 13,900 2.316 1. 00 20,016,000 •13 2-93 9,300 1.065 .461 13.392.000 1 3 . 536 .000 • 3 ° 4.41 14,000 2.348 1.02 20,160,000 .14 2-97 9,400 1.087 . 47 i • 3 i 4.44 14,100 2.381 1.03 20.304.000 20.448.000 .14 3.00 9 , 5 oo 1. no .481 13.680.000 13.824.000 • 3 1 4-47 14,200 2.414 1.04 .14 3.03 9,600 1.132 .490 • 3 2 4 - 5 ° 14,300 2-447 1.06 20.592.000 20.736.000 •15 3.06 9 , 7 oo .500 13,968,000 •32 4-54 14,400 2,481 1.07 .15 3.09 9,800 1.178 • 5 i 14,112,000 •32 4-57 14,500 2 - 5 x 4 1.09 20,880,000 .15 3.12 9,900 1. 201 •52 14,256,000 •33 4.60 14,600 2.548 1. 10 21,024,000 15 3.15 10,000 1.225 •53 14,400,000 •33 4-63 14,700 14,800 2.582 1. 12 21,178,000 .16 3.18 10, 100 1.248 •54 14,544,000 •34 4.66 2.617 I * I 3 21,312,000 52 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. 36-Inch Pipe— Concluded. ** £ ^ v - o o city in n Feet econd. U. S. Gallons discharged per Minute. FRICTION HEAD. C Q, O P 0 Si?! « 0 >. Ctf • - = 0.206 2,78962 90 h. =.206 X 0.01245 ft. 64.4 180 And 54 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. DIRECTIONS WHEN ORDERING PIPE AND SPECIALS. When inquiring price of, or ordering pipe, be careful and explicit in stating — first, the size ; second, whether for gas or water ; third, weight per foot ; fourth, quantity of each size required. Crosses, Tees, and Elbows are specified as follows : 6 4 3 2 O’— . 6 6 . 6 6 6 n - g 0 4 3 2 For any pattern out of the ordinary line, more explicit directions should be given by marking on the cross or tee where socket and spigot ends are required, as above : This would be three 6-inch outlets with sockets, and one with spigot. Where no such instructions are given, the outlets are supposed to be all sockets. Drawings should accom- pany all orders for anything requiring special patterns of unusual forms For reducers give the diameter at each end, and also state whether a socket or a spigot end is desired, as shown above : this being a reducer from 12 to 8 with the socket on the small end. A socket is always cast on the small end of reducers and a spigot on the other, unless the con- trary is specified. One-eighth or one-quarter bends may be ordered by giving merely the diameter of pipe required. We append engravings of branch castings as manufactured by us. Our branches vary in size from 2 to 6o inches. Cast Iron Pipe. 55 Our smaller specials are now made as shown in the above cuts. The curved sides not only allow freer water-way, thus overcoming the excess- ive friction that is caused by small specials, but also insure a more per- fect casting, as any extraneous matter in the iron can more readily escape from the mold. The tee is utilized to make a single branch at right angles to the main. Branch pipes are to connect mains which are at a slight angle to each other. 56 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. Crosses are placed at the intersection of streets or other points on the line of pipe where it is desired to extend branches at right angles. When necessary one or more of the outlets of the cross may be cast with spigot ends. Cast Iron Pipe. 5 7 The elbow, or one-quarter bend, is to obtain a change of direction of 90 degrees. The easy bend is used to obtain a slighter change in direction, and is made in any angle required. The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co, 58 Y pipes are designed to cause a double change in direction, as at the forking of streets. An ordinary reducer is used when it is desired to reduce the diam- eter of the main. Cast Iron Pipe. 59 An angle reducer, as here shown, is used when desired to reduce the discharge of a main to smaller proportions without changing grade of trench ; also by turning the reducer to any desired position, close parallel lines of pipe of different diameters may be connected. When placed in an inverted position from that here shown, the reducer acts in gas mains as a drip box on the smaller pipe — as-the impurities drain from the smaller into the larger pipe. S pipes are manufactured to pass around obstacles, such as lines of pipes already laid. The parallel lines of pipe can be connected by this pipe. Sleeves connect the spigot ends of pipe. 6o The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. Plugs are used to close the hub end of a line of pipe until it is desired to make further extensions. Plugs can also be used as strainers for suc- tion pipe by perforating the crowns. Spigot caps are of use to close the spigot end of the pipe. The cap may be bolted to the hub by means of a clamp, or to a band around Valve boxes are used to protect valves and render them easy of access. We manufacture them in two styles as shown above. We can also furnish fire cistern covers. Cast Iron Pipe. 6 1 Drip-boxes are now in general use by gas works to drain water and other impurities from the pipe. The impurities accummulated in the drip-box should he removed at intervals. The split tee which is here shown is of use when it is desired to tap a main without shutting off the water. It also obviates cutting the pipe in order to insert a branch The manner of using is as follows : A circle the size of the orifice required is cut almost through the pipe : a split tee. having a branch the size of the circle, is then, bolted around the main so that the opening 62 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. therein comes opposite to the circle. Rings of clay are then placed inside the branch and around the pipe at the ends of the sleeve. The space between the pipe and the sleeve is now filled with lead and caulked. Shrinkage is now taken up by tightening the bolts. A piece of pipe having a valve at one end is leaded into the branch. By means of a bar of iron passed through the valve, the circle already cut in the pipe, as above described, is broken through. The bar is then withdrawn and the valve closed. When the water can be conveniently shut off in the main for a short time the valve on the smaller branch is unnecessary. It is found that a sheet-lead gasket between the flanges prevents leak- age at these points We also manufacture split crosses of the same design and for the same purpose. Gutter plates of the above design are in extensive use at crossings. The plate is arranged to give a sure footing. We are also prepared to furnish all kinds of iron coverings for catch basins and sewers. On the following page we show three styles of lamp-posts, weights and dimensions of which will be furnished upon application ; also posts of other patterns and sizes manufactured by us. We refer you to page 88, where table of service of lamps may be found. Cast Iron Pipe. 63 cO CO 64 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. WEIGHTS OF ORDINARY BRANCH CASTINGS. 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 Cross 2x2x2 Tee 2 in. Elbow, 90° 2 in. Sleeve . . . . . 2 in. Plug 2 in. one-eighth Bend, 45 0 . x 3 x 3 x 3 Cross x 3 x 2 x 2 Cross 3x3x3 Tee 3x3x2 Tee . . . . 3 in. Elbow, 90° 3 in. one-eighth Bend . . 3 in. Sleeve 3 in. Plug 3 in. Cap 3 in. Branch Pipe, 45 0 . . . 3 to 2 Reducer 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 Cross .... 4 x 4 x 3 x 3 Cross 4 x 4 x 2 x 2 Cross 4x4x4 Tee .... 4x4x3 Tec 4x4x2 Tee 4 in. Elbow, 90° ... 4 in. one-eighth Bend, 45 0 . 4 in. Sleeve 4 in. Plug . . . . . . 4 in. Cap 4 in. S Pipe 4 in. Drip Box 4 to 3 Reducer 4 to 2 Reducer 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 Cross . . 6 x 6 x 4 x 4 Cross 6 x 6 x 3 x 3 Cross 6x6x6 Tee 6x6x4 Tee -•» 6x6x3 Tee 40 lbs. 28 “ 14 “ 10 “ 2 “ 15 “ 104 “ 90 “ 76 “ 76 “ 34 “ 30 “ 20 “ 5 “ 15 “ 90 “ 35 “ i 5 p “ 1 14 “ no “ 100 “ 90 “ 87 “ 48 “ 65 “ 44 “ 8 “ 25 “ 90 “ 235 “ 42 “ 40 “ *200 “ 150 “ 160 “ 150 “ 130 > 125 “ 6x6x2 Tee 120 lbs. 6 in. Elbow, 90° no “ 6 in. one-eighth Bend 45 0 . . . 85 “ 6 in. Sleeve .... 65 “ 6 in. Plug 6 in. Cap ... .... . 60 “ 6 in. S Pipe . . ... 190 “ 6x6x4 Branch Pipe, 45 0 . • 145 “ 6 to 4 Reducer . . • 95 “ 6 to 4 Angle Reducer for Gas 55 “ 6 to 3 Reducer . 80 “ 6 to 3 Angle Reducer for Gas 45 '• 8 x 8 x 8 x 8 Cross 325 “ 8 x 8 x 6 x 6 Cross . . • • 265 “ 8 x 8 x 4 x 4 Cross 266 “ 8 x 8 x 3 x 3 Cross 225 “ 8x8x8 Tee . 266 “ 8x8x6 Tee . .... 252 “ 8x8x4 Tee 222 “ 8x8x3 Tee . 220 “ 8 in. Elbow, 90° . ... • 145 “ 8 in. one-eighth Bend, 45 0 160 “ 8 in. one-sixteenth Bend, 22^° • 155 “ 8 in. Sleeve . 86 “ 8 in. Plug . 26 “ 8 in. Drip Box and Cover . . . • 355 “ 8 to 6 Reducer 126 “ 8 to 4 Reducer 8 to 3 Reducer . . . 116 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 Cross .... . 510 “ 10 x 10 x 8 x 8 Cross • 4 i 5 “ 10 x 10 x 6 x 6 Cross . 388 “ 10 x 10 x 4 x 4 Cross • 338 “ 10 x 10 x 3 x 3 Cross . . . • 350 “ 10 x 10 x 10 Tee 390 “ 10 x 10 x 8 Tee ....... • 330 “ ro x 10 x 6 Tee 3 12 “ 10 x 10 x 4 Tee Cast Iron Pipe. 6 5 io x io x 3 Tee . . 14 to 8 Reducer . . . . 340 lbs. io in. Elbow, 45 0 . . 225 “ 14 to 6 Reducer . . . •285 << 10 in. one-eighth Bend 45° • 190 “ 16 x 16 x 16 x 16 Cross • 1,025 “ 10 in. one-sixteenth Bend, 22^° 165 “ 16 x 16 x 14 x 14 Cross . 1,070 ii 10 in. Sleeve . . . . 140 “ 16 x 16 x 12 x 12 Cross 1,025 “ 10 in. Plug 46 “ 16 x 16 x 10 x 10 Cross . 1,010 “ 10 in. Drip Box . . . . . 760 “ 16 x 16 x 8 x 8 Cross . 825 “ 10 to 8 Reducer . . 212 “ 16 x 16 x 6 x 6 Cross . 700 “ 10 to 6 Reducer . . . . . • 150 “ 16 x 16 x 4 x 4 Cross . 650 “ 10 to 4 Reducer . . 128 “ 16 x 16 x 16 Tee . . . . 790 “ 12. x 12 x 12 x 12 Cross 700 “ 16 x 16 x 14 Tee . . . . 850 “ 12 x 12 x 10 x 10 Cross 650 “ 16 x 16 x 12 Tee . . . • 825 u 12 x 12 x 8 x 8 Cross . ... 615 “ 16 x 16 x 10 Tee . . 890 « 12 x 12 x 6 x 6 Cross . . . . 540 “ 16 x 16 x 8 Tee . . . • 755 « 12 x 12 x 4 x 4 Cross 525 “ 16 x 16 x 6 Tee .... 630 « 12 x 12 x 3 x 3 Cross 495 “ 16 x 16 x 4 Tee .... 655 “ 12 x 12 x 12 Tee . . . . 565 “ 16 in. Elbow, 90° . . . • 525 “ 12 x 12 x 10 Tee 5io “ 16 in. one-eighth Bend, 45 0 • 510 «« 12 x 12 x 8 Tee . . 492 “ 16 in. Sleeve . . . • 340 “ 12 x 12 x 6 Tee . . • • 484 “ 16 in. Plug .... 100 u 12 x 12 x 4 Tee 460 “ 16 to 12 Reducer . . . • 475 “ 12 in. Elbow, 90° . 370 “ 16 to 10 Reducer . . . • 435 “ 12 in. one-eighth Bend, 45 0 . . . 290 “ 20 x 20 x 20 x 20 Cross . 1,790 (( 12 in. one-sixteenth Bend, 22 ] 4 ° 260 “ 20 x 20 x 12 x 12 Cross i,37o « 12 in. Sleeve . . . . . . 176 “ 20 x 20 x 10 x 10 Cross • i ,225 u 12 in. Plug .... 66 “ 20 x 20 x 8 x 8 Cross . 1,000 “ 12 to 10 Reducer ..... 278 “ 20 x 20 x 6 x 6 Cross . 1,000 “ 12 to' 8 Reducer . . .254 “ 20 x 20 x 4 x 4 Cross . 1,000 “ 12 to 6 Reducer . . 230 “ 20 x 20 x 20 Tee • 1,375 “ 12 to 4 Reducer . . 250 “ 20 x 20 x 16 Tee . . . • 1,115 “ 14 x 10 Cross . . . ..... 750 “ 20 x 20 x 12 Tee . . . • 1,025 “ 14 x 8 Cross .... • • • 635 “ 20 x 20 x 10 Tee 1,090 i 14 x 6 Cross .... . . . . 570 “ 20 x 20 x 8 Tee . . . . . 900 “ 14 x 12 Tee ... .... 650 “ 20 x 20 x 6 Tee . . • 875 ii 14 x 10 Tee .... 650 “ 20 x 20 x 4 Tee .... 845 ii 14 x 8 Tee .... 575 “ 20 in. Elbow, 90° . . . ii 14 x 6 Tee .... • ■ ■ ■ 545 “ 20 in. one-eighth Bend, 45° • 740 ii 14 x 4 Tee . . 525 “ 20 in. Sleeve • 500 ii 14x3 Tee . . . . 490 “ 20 in. Plug . . . 150 “ 14 in. Elbow .... 450 “ 20 in. Cap • 550 ii 14 in. Sleeve .... 208 “ 20 in. Drip Box and Cover 1,420 ii 14 in. Plug • . . • • 70 “ 20 in. Y, 45 0 1,655 ii 14 to 12 Reducer . . ■ • • 475 “ 20 to 16 in. Reducer . ii 14 to 10 Reducer . . 43<> “ 20 to 14 in. Reducer 575 ii 66 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. 20 to 12 in. Reducer 540 lbs. 20 to 8 in. Reducer .... 300 “ 24 x 24 x 24 x 24 Cross .... 2,190 “ 24 x 24 x 20 x 20 Cross .... 2,020 “ 24 x 24 x 6 x 6 Cross .... 1,340 “ 24 x 24 x 24 Tee 1,875 “ 24 x 24 x 12 Tee 1,425 “ 24 x 24 x 8 Tee 1,375 “ 24 x 24 x 6 Tee 1,375 “ 24 in. Elbow, 90° 1,400 “ 24 in. one-eightli Bend, 45 0 . . 1,425 “ 24 in. one-sixteenth Bend, 22^° 1,280 “ 24 in. Sleeve 710 “ 24 in. Plug 185 “ 24 x 24 x 24 Branch Pipe, 45 0 . 2,765 “ 24 x 24 x 20 Branch Pipe, 45 0 . 2,145 “ 24 to 20 Reducer . . . 745 “ 30 x 30 x 20 x 20 Cross . . . . 2,635 “ 30 x 30 x 12 x 12 Cross .... 2,250 " 30 x 30 x 8 x 8 Cross .... 1,995 “ We are prepared to make all kinds of those included in the above list. x 30 x 30 Tee 3,025 lbs, x 30 x 24 Tee ... . 2,640 “ x 30 x 20 Tee 2,200 “ x 30 x 12 Tee 2,050 “ x 30 x 10 Tee 2,035 “ x 30 x 6 Tee 1,825 “ in. one-eighth Bend, 45 0 . . 2,000 “ in. one-sixteenth Bend, 22^°i, 735 “ in. Sleeve 965 “ in. Plug . . . 370 “ x 30 x 30 Branch Pipe, 45 0 .4,170 “ to 24 Reducer 1,305 “ to 18 Reducer 1,585 “ x 36 x 36 Tee . . 5,140 “ x 36 x 30 Tee 4,200 “ x 36 x 12 Tee 4,050 “ in. Sleeve 1,500 “ x 36 x 36 Branch Pipe, 45 0 . 10,300 “ to 30 Reducer 1,730 “ or connection castings in addition to 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 36 36 36 36 36 36 branch Cast Iron Pipe. 67 TABLES SHOWING DISCHARGE IN GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR SINGLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMPS.— PER FOOT OF STROKE. The tables of discharge for single acting and double acting pumps are calculated for diameters of 10 to 30 inches, and for speeds of 1 to 30 revolutions per minute, and represent the plunger or piston displacements per foot of stroke per revolution. Thus, the table gives for a pump with 15 -inch piston or plunger, at 12 revolutions per minute, a discharge of no. 16 gallons for single acting pump, and 220.32 gallons for double acting pump. Now, if such a pump had a stroke of 36 inches, the discharge would be 3x110.16=330.48 gallons in the first . case, and 3 x 220. 32=660.96 gallons in the second case. * In estimating an actual delivery of water, a slip or loss of action of four per cent, should be allowed, which would make the true dis- charges in all cases 96-100 of the quantities given in the table. There are many instances where the loss of action of new pumps in good condition is considerably less than four per cent., but the majority of pumps are doing clever work when delivering 96 per cent, of the cal- culated displacements. DISCHARGE IN GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR SINGLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMPS. 68 The Addyston* 1'ipe and Steel Co. W o m O H O O Pi W P4 m O O 0^0 O ioO io O m O 0 O m O 0 io>oO >oi O 0\N IOV O ^ M rON 0) Tf ION O r^NN M M 00 VO VO N N *P o m ON n 00 m m m ONVO *>. o VO 'O N t N . t C? 4 4 t'' 4 k o' oo 4 io 4) «' onoo' P Pm’ vo" vd Poo d o' vO m vO t— t^oo 00 O'^O « m n roTt mm r^oo O' O N m O TNOOvO m O OO O O "TOO MOOOOMMOvOmm N O *i i O' m m O m m O m On M M *-i mm On m H00' M N'flNN«iOH0N0 1/ 'NNin')-O.0tN no 4 on n 4 n m onvo 4 ii o' oo Pm* m 4- 4- m mvo mvO vo NO N f>00 0000 OnO«NN(O^ mvO *-^00 ON O mmmmmmmi-immnhM m O 00 m — M 00 mvO m . m i n i m oo no o On »o rovp i- n moo m m co moo 4- P O vd 6 n 4 dvvd n n on P >n 4- 4 4 4 4 4 in m mm vo NN *>-oo OOONO M iNf , )4 mvO r^oo On M O N VO -POO N O T O O N mm O m O vO m O 00 00 M vO rot^ 'PO movo O m mvO mvo M vf- O' N Tp n vo n On Np O' N ONtsW^-iONN On O' h vO COM ON 0"0 m 00 — 4 O' h 4" O mvd 4 Qn in 4 Q PinrnO O' oo Pvd Tp in m mm 'O nn t-iO0 OOONOiiMmmm mvO *>■ - 0 0 00 n rpvO m n m mo r^oo O M moo oo m on rp n oo Np O O m (S m O' TpvO ON Tp N o m 4 P 4 6 P 4" 4 d'P44ri pppmm mvo m t^oo MC'00«NNro't mvO w H P £ o oooooooooooooooocooooo O O oo n m vo m M m mm r^oo o M moo oo m O' tP w 00 00 O' mvq O' *•> M *-> O' CO CN *>.00 O m 6 -p- On — vO co o 4 4- on n co oo’ — moo" 4 d 4 4 oo 4-4 P 4- 4 4P ppTpTpiom mvo 'Ovo n t^oo OnonO <-> « n m m m hH § P4 w O' O PN mvo ip moo m m Tp m M o oo m n n m m on M n-oo m r^m NONNmN r^o m « o r^mmi^r^r^ N^PP'T moo O CO O O' O' M vo m U ONt^-^p O'VO m vd od O 4-vd oo n m P 4 vd 4 P 4 oo 4 O' m 4 oo m 4 mm-^'^P'P'Pmm mvo vo r^oo ooO'Ovo-HNm P4 c/2 £ o oo O 00 ^pvO MOO O vO O O 00 vo POvO o p PO M MOO 'poo 00 On-iO O NOvOOO P^M pM'O'OOOO mi p vq M O' 'P m i-i o On O « Tp onvo tp -p- moo O' O' r^oo 4 444“ m Poo’ — m ov poo’ moo moo m cn m 4 P m m m m -P-P rpp m m mvo vo r^oo oo OnonO h h H P P O *-> O M vo ONOO M m rp m m m onvo O -p mvo vo m moo vo O oo mp-r^M m M vo m r-, pvo 4 M m mvo Sp 4T mo P m i-i Nhcovo m o on O M vo m ip m P h oo’ o’ 4 4-vd P 4 4 4-od 4 m o 4-o6 m P 4 P 4 Pm m mmmmm-p-'p'p'pm mvo vo vo t>- t^oo oo on on o > w vO Ovooo m >pvO OMOOvOMOOOMOOOOOOP- ■mm 00 n oo MOO NmmmNHOovooo « P moo P 4 co oo m q. Ovvq CN m n !>. M mvo on m o oq vo vo m On mP m 4- i n r on O* 4 mvd oo* « 4- P 4 moo' 4 vd o* 4- cn mod m m m m mmmmm'Pmm m_n mvo vo Nts Poo oo 1-0 O O O mo O mo mmo mo O O m 0 OmmOm O m ONOO MM M N *>.00 00 ONO -1 M P P N O' N m m m mvq oo on mvq oo m « cnoo qv o m ^ n m o m o o - n p mvd dv o * i 4 P dv 4 m cn 4 moo 4 vd d 4 MMMMMMMmmmmmNppmm m mvo vo vo *4 m o p m oovo pom o o moo MooooMNOvovom m m O' m moo O oo O oo rnoo -I m o oo m -i q> *>-vq mmmmmt^ovmt^M n m O' onoo oo ov vd Pnon o n m 4 m P dv — 4-vd cfv 4 4-vd dv m moo — >-i 1 - ii m m m m m m m mmmmmmmmmmrn CO | o oo m — m oo mm m moo n mom mmmmt>.M m 1 m m on i onoo Mm moo o ovmrno m m moo m on on m oo moo m « m m — m movt->mmmmM mm oo i 4 4 44 mvd Poo dv o 4 mmPd'4 44P d - 4- M o m m moo m o m o o m mm o momm ooooo m m t^Ovr^M O' m m m on f>- O' mm O oni ON ON m m m -i m onoo mnn n n *>-oo i- mm oo m m O' m m oo* oo’ od on o o’ 4 4 m* m m m Poo* on o 4 m 4-vd P -oo O M moo oo m O' m i mm on mm O' f> n NONmON r^oo o mo mo'-m m 6 m m O' i moo moo m O' m go m i *>»mM on *^- 444444 mvd vd vd P Pod dv O' o* 4 4 4 444 meter of Under Gti'M ikM ikM ntM --HM I'M niN oco — "--iMMNmmmmm mm m *>. t^oo oo on 3 CJ DISCHARGE IN GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR SINGLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMPS. PER FOOT OF STROKE Cast Iron Pipe. 69 w H £ £ l-H § C* w (P C/2 £ O H P P O t> w 6 5 O 00 F +* N 00 vovO VO 10OO vJ'OO UN -i-ii-iMMMMMMcOCOCOCOCOFF on O f m covo F vnoo 000 ion m vo « vo on N C'vt'N 1-n 00 NfOfNiOTTH'O cs UN O tO O' U1 lO iO O' CO CO 4 i- 1 F co 1-000 OnvO On W M M On h vo tOtOONw 00 * 4 O" cd O' VO O* t 4 . 4 O' wo m 00’ vd 4 M* m’ 0" m’ cd 4 * 4 . i-t M to 't T UNK t^OO ONhh CO FvO 00 O M FvO CO O M OOO itO N 00 OvO O O CO O FOO O vh 't O M MOO 'to vfto O' 00 0 H O'O0 H 00vt ITNVO M FO CO ONVO M O On M UNO UN v}- 10 O M 0 >*-i O FFO OnOO >- O' F N 4 o’ vdoo’ 4 h 4 hoo coco co o' m 4 n h co 0 o’ o’ m* ‘-'MM CO F 1-0 vO Fh 1 >. O' 0 M If UNM O' H M tF O' h w m i-h i-i m w m hh »-( m M M M M M M CO CO CO CO CO tF O M vO OnOO M uirfimoM OnvO O FOO vO vO un coOO vO N vF On N On M O'NvO Nh O'O >^ h >-> OnvO >- ci co h N >f m FO vo M *-i *1 OnvO CO vO O Onh coOnO Jn n O* 10 — co O' vo go iciNvo 0 iAh n 4 4 gn t>. rPo* rd r- 4 . p-i i-i M co co F lovO r^OO O <-1 co FO CO Cn >1 co un k O' O vO OO M FO OMOOOMOOOMOOOOOOF FO 00 CO FO VO O' UN N UN N co M MOO UNNO F O'VO O O F O' co N M r^M co O' C vO CO vo 00 FCO vO O O N vo’ >1 vo* 06 4 d m’ cd un O' co t>* coco 4 1- 1 06 10 4 co co co O w h 0 co F 10 10 vO M O' O M CO 10 r^co 0 M FO 00 ►hi— ii— 11— 11— 11— 1.— 11— i>— imi— iMMMMMM CO CO CO CO CO O O O VO 0 O vO O VO vO O vo O O O vo 0 O vo 10 0 vo O VOVON 0 O NUNNNO M lO O vo, M O O t^t^O O ►- F F “h ONOO 0 CO CO ON ON •'F 10 0 >* r^vO coF" N N M* tP M* CO ON 4 vO CO cd M* 10 ON 4 O' vo H n 4 )«’ d cdoO* O O *-• M M CO F vo 10 NCO On 1-1 M rpO On >- co FO ►h-hihi-iih.hi- 1 ^ 1 -. — 1 -h.hMMMMMMCOCOCOCO O F M 00 O F O 00 O O FOO MOCOOMMOOOF M vO vooo coo O M O 00 VO M M FOO O' vnoo UN co F ONCO ON T}- On VO 0 O' O F F ONOO CO M VO vo ONOO M 1— vo N P. m’ tPoO CO ON 1-1 vd co vooo’ H U) o’ UN o’ VC >-1 O' tP id co O'OO'-'MmFF vovO m On O M co vovG 00 O' >- co vo co OOO F "i MOO VOO vo VOOO <-> F O VO UNF FUNNM co F NUN icitv O M O MOO M CO On F F COOO OOO conh 00 UN F VO N M N 00 vO_ UN q CN N h F N 4 m CO O m 00 W coed co coed 4 vd o' vd cd P cd rP <4 vd o’ vd o’ n 4 h oo* O' O' O >-< <-> M co F F vo t^OO On —i m f vo CnoO O M co h- ii— ii— ii-hi— ii— 1—.1 — iihi— ii— iC^NMMMM CO CO CO N O M VO FOO M O F O O M F vO O F O VO VO O 00 00 M O On>Oh O h vooo vo On On co m vO FOnNunQnOnOM M OnvOvO NNvq M vO un O' N OnvO N co FOO t^M O N on 4cd oo coco* on 4 o' P co tdod 4 id on 4oo’ 4o n4 OO O'O'O H h N COF UNO l >«00 O >-i M FunnOnO M mmmmi-ihhnhihmmMMMMMMMCOCO OOOO N FO vo M vo UNO t^OO O M vooo 00 vo O' F w 00 O unnF” invO n Onun co cooo F FO O O' O' F vo O o FO F CO CO VOOO N-. •-« ON i-t 1-00 CO M r-n CO vo M co N 1 vo o f cooo cd cdoo* cd 4 vd rP q n‘ vd on cd vd m* i>. cd cd 000 ' 0 ' 00 H MMtOF lovD W On O « CO rf vO N O' O 0 oooooooooooooooooooooo O NO FOO M o F O O N Fvo U FOVOVO O OOOO M vO N O' n cl ON un F vo On N O' vovO O Oni-i On On cc N O N i-i id onoo" cd rd rd ci rd zdoo cd P edvd ho' m* 4 cd 4 cd 4 00 00 00 GnO O w M N COFUNNOO ON O M co FvO j>. O' i-iwi_«i_«i-ii-ii_imi-IC 4 MMMMMM O' O F M covo F VOOO vo vo F' CO M OOO vOM M voi-ivD On M COvO 0 «MM«M OOO FOO M CO'NUIh OvO «00 VO F- FOO IH vovq CO « o M C3N O' F M F O M F >-> COOO f; jd cdoo n P vd P P P P m 4 vd oo P cd n P d d t^oo OOOnoiOhhmcoF vovO t^OO ONH M to UNO N 00 O oo FO MOO OvO O OOOVO F O vo O FFO M MOO FFvOvO vOM vo O' vo « FFO F fO m FvO « Fvovo F « O' 00 On i-h n h n h co On F M FO OnFOOncnh com o 00 m’ nun o 4 4 cd cd 4 vdvd oo" cd p 4 N P ld N t->.oo OO ON ON o "i i-> M co F vovO N'OO on h m co vovO tN O Nvo On oo * l>* 00 00 On On O 0 *-■ M ro ^ i^vo 1^00 O « n ro»n VO O vo oo rto gdOO'OdOOONOOOOOOl’ rt oo On W m Q u-iO *^-00 ro W M vO N O ^ O' ^ O^vO roq CKO rnqqNOOOO hf N a QMn ^-vD ^OOO woo M* vo 4 N N O 00 1"** t^vO VO l^» In* 1"*. »-« ro ^ vC N in. CO OOCSOnO ^w m cw ^OvO t^OO On M N ro u "O S;S u rU^u-HM ih|— <—AM hFjiih|hi -1^1 -/«i —1m — iH, OOOh-i-h — MMMcocoF^Fvo vovO vd r ^00 co O' 1 DISCHARGE IN GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR SINGLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMPS. 70 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. W W O & H w O H O O £4 & W Ph O 0 O no O no no no O ^ 0 0 O un un irun in O mo O « 0 ON ON O O N d" 0 O ►lunO'^'-'^Tj-NOOONONO r^oo >- NO d -00 mN^t hOO NOim onoo ON fO O 00 O mONNOiNOOiONOiO no’ un iA iAno* no rAoo o 4 rr)roromicorO'^- w O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ^ O no mo NinmN 1-1 O O O 1-1 mmmN 0 roNO O |-| N d ON NO d nooo ro O On O rOOO no d nooo d w O N H A Ah onoo" rAvd iAiAiAA-nAlAiAiA tAoo’ cri « rA »A rA lonO r^ r^oo CiO H N no r^oo on O m ro tJ- lonO M i-ii-ii-ii-ii-iMNNNNNniNMMrorororororo 3 Pi! W PL C /3 £ O ON nO O -nJ- r^ O no m r^oo On O O O OimNinmO r^'tf-O M 00 IH rn^J-N On -Tj-00 O m O NNOOOO OnOO nO i-i loOO no 00 moiN r^oo m Nm^mNN 0 no no 00 n 00 Oino" -A « on rA iA A A i-i 0’ cfsoo’ oo" rA rA rA rAoo 00' On o’ ro Th unso no r^oo OiO H N N mi- ntnnO r-^oo ON O <-> no HHHHMMHHNNNNNNMMNNNnrfiri) 00 N O 00 ^ O NO O 'd-NO 00OOO00O'd-ONOO 'd-oo O m no no 'Aoo rs 'd _ NO i-oo in O rt-'d-CN 'A'^-oncn O A-nO I'M in « CTnOO On N nO N O ON O CN NO NO OnOO 00 h m O N 4 d rA rA 0’ rA iA ni o’ 00’ A 4 d o’ 00" rANo’ iA >A > 4 - rA n rnond-m iono r^oo oooNOMNNmd 1 nono r^oo On mhmi-immi-ii-ii-ii-imi-iC^NNMNNNNNNN H P 4 O 00 O N 1-1 O on m m nf r^ 0 O 0 Nmw unonO 1-1 cn O OntJ-Cn) NO N N 0000 CN 0 mo wnO inooo O 00 ONrJ-'d- inw 0 ON O M noO N 10 -d- in n O i On On Cn w in O 00’ 'd- 0" iA A 00’ - 4 - i-i rA 4 A 00’ tA rA c^oo’ iA rA' 4 o’ OO* rA 0 1-1 M cn m m 4 m iono r^i>.oo on on 0 >-1 m ro -d - -d - >-o wmi-iwi-ii-imwi-ii-iwi-ii-ip-ii-iMNNCNINCNN > W NO 'tO'OOOONOOCiN'OOOONOOOOONOOONOO OO N t's- NONO 00 mONONO 'd- O 00 00 ONioroM 'd-r^roiN q ctnoo onh 4-ON'd-w q onO m dmd-M onoo 00 q m 4 rA rA m rA rAoo mAAPA rAoNNoAoo noAoo tArAo OnQnOO hw nn md-dm iono r^ r^oo on on 0 >-1 m ,1— !i— 11— 11— 11— 11— ih-ii— 11— ii-<«MCNCN| O O O NO O NO NO NO O IOO O O NO NO NO NO NO O NOO O r^s 0 pono 0 mN h no 0 no 0 noo n 1-1 Nmoo mo NONO N on mN N on no no -d- NONO ONOO NN OiNm NONO_ rA i-i A ctn 4-00 rA rA 4 rA m" rA 4 A n oo’ 4 - On nA 4 rA rA r^oo 0000 On on O O i-i 1-1 N M mmd-d-m no no r^. r^oo d" NOO-d-MOooONOOd-OOO'd-OMOOOONd-O NO 00 00 Ns *tcc N rnN 0 NO O N M NO I^n N O 00_ n nAoo m no 06 (S NO d 4 -rAniNO O 4 00* rA rA 4 rA 4 no" 10 0 0 NN r-^oo 00 ON ON ON 0 O *-i mh i-i N CN mm 4 d" rr> m O 00 on 0 1-1 no onvo mo O O mmoimw 0 Onoo O ■d-NO mNOO d-NO d-ONO r^ 0 O' 4 On N no O m m 0 10 0 4 O' m N O' n in in d 10 10 r^NO N in n no q 4 i-i 4 4 nA rA O' 4 rA 'A rAoo’ 4 rA A rA d\ 4 rANo’ 00* 4 rA mmmmmm 44444 minmin nono nonoo nn - d- 0 no mo NiomN 1-1 0 O O i-< mmmN 0 ^ono O w w d- onno d- nooo mO 00 rmoo no d- nooo d- ** O n iomH onoo r^NO mioiod'ioioioin noo ctn m ro m n nono* rA rAoo’ 00 H n m 4 nono r^oo on 0 4 rA 4 nono’ HHMHMHfiNMMN^NNNMrommmmm U *0 1=4 1-bl r*'! -^Tl — 'kN HkN r - HM r-pM i-llM H|(M ih|H i— ijl-q O'OOi-M'-'NNrorod-d-No nono no r^ r^oo 00 On On O hNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ro ip CJ DISCHARGE IN GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR SINGLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMPS. Cast Iron Pipe. 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IN. 00 * o’ M O CN m’ CN LO M o ■t LOO tN 00 CN — M M to 00 O (OlONCnM tNO <0 — — — — — — M M M M M M (OCOCOCOCO't't'tLOLO O tMXO t O X o M M LO LO tN.NO LO t LO tN tN C'OO LOtN - N OO* lo M* In LO CO C'OO* O* CO 't lOnO t^QO O' O — H ■_ M M n — n MM O 'too M o 00 co N Cn LO M O 'tOO 0C O — M ■t m’ — ’ o* m’ to CO lo tN Cn — co N M M M CO CO OMMONOO't CONCOXtNLO - no 'too 't- tNoo LO tN C 't CN 'f o’ lo tN On CO CO co O M NO 'too M O 't NO LO LOOC 't tN O O lo — C Cn M no O O' O M Tt-NO O 't t lo O Cnno O nO O' O' t tNO O tN LO 't CO CO M CO'ONO'- M M M M M CO O NO NO o oo oo tLOCO t O 't m -t- coo o oo Tt LO LO C COO’ CO LO tN CN M 't CO CO CO co 't Tt OOO — — — MMM CO CO t t lo LOO NO tN tNOC 00 CN I47I.392I DISCHARGE IN GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR DOUBLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMPS. 74 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. rn ^ N O' t--. lo lo d" LO LO t^vO M COO H covO O' ~i d" O covO O' M m O' N mONNC O ^-1/11/11/1 LOO C'O NNN t — 00 0000 O' ON O' O O tH w w o P4 H m o H o o Pd P4 W Ph m O oc 'tO'O O d-vo oo o C'O 00000MTj-NO'NM CO ON O 00 O O' co cooo O ooo O d- O vO oooo o d"vO M O d" CO M vO vO vO 00 M 00 00 0"0 O' I-H Hi d-vo O cooo m oo d- O oo uvd-w n O' m o d-oo co LOCO O M lo r^ O co loco h d-NOi COO O'NC O'N tj- Tj- 't loioio loo ooo t-» r>. t>» r>.oo oo oo O' O' O' O d-OvOOO- covO ^ oom ro ro r-'-OO CO d" 0 H 00 O N O N i-i O CO M O O i-i m r-» co 4 un n o’ cd rd o lo hI o coonnci on m w m* co 4 O M d-vO O' HH COO 00 >-> CO NO 00 H tNO COO O'N IO rh^-i-'t-tiO'Oio LOO O O O r^oo oo 00 00 O' O' o o co oo COO M* m r^. 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W N NO NOO rj-woo ION ONNiorON O OnOO O w M w i-h ro >oo kO ioro 0"0 OnN M T^-ioiOfOH NCONO N (OfON O' NO ** po 4- 4- po ph od 4" <0 pi vono wno 4 w n m 10 tE vonO 00 O « fo tJ-nO woo Q\ O h N N ro fO hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhC^MMMMIN | Q\nn 10 r-^00 O' On On 00 no ro O O N N « io fO« a ponO 00 On OnoO no ro On nJ- O •-< PI « W ON WnO NOOOOOO NO W W O PO t*- PO *- PO PO PO pi On NO ph voOO O 6 On W 4“ O 4" W O' vonO OO O' >-< PO wo WOO 00 O' O w m 1 - m ^^HHhHHHWHHHHMMMMM w 0 WnO tJ- On ro voo Ni-HNONNOO O' O ■^-'O vo O rON M -1 h nh h 00 N tJ- ■ ^-00 NO NioOnO W PI fOO vonO POOO On ro PO PO -h 00 4 06 pi rd 4" ro ph w pi nO 00 O' Tj- vonO 00 O' h N Nt vonO WOO 00 ON O' O' O' • in W <— NO 1-1 PO ^-nO 00 O ponO OnpoNh^ O O WOO 00 O i-O ONO>H UON 0 H POOO N O >-r> nt OnOO PO N WOO PO O <-> WOO . 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H H M w .s «r s C m 5 ^ o I 00 -S 3 3 00 N o S flj ll II II +-> ii 3 ll a u o V r £5 3 u C o h0 d 34 2 545 30 J 5 793 IO 10603 20 10 23499 3H2 32 16 96253 12868 22 11 31277 4181 1 34 17 II 545 I 15435 8o The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. GAS LIGHT. In 1659 Mr. Thomas Shirley communicated some experiments on the gas issuing from a well near Wigan, England. Nearly 100 years later, a Mr. Spedding proposed to light the streets of the town of Whitehaven with the above gas, demonstrating its practicability by using it to light his own office, but his proposal was refused ; and it was not until the year 1792 that Mr. Wm. Murdoch, engineer to Messrs. Bolton & Watt, prac- tically employed coal gas for the purpose of artificial illumination, by lighting his own house and office with it at Redneth, Cornwall. To him belongs the credit of first practically demonstrating the feasibility of making and distributing this illuminating agency. A few years after this, in the Spring of 1802, upon the occasion of the national illumination in honor of the peace of Amiens, he lighted up part of the Soho manufac- tory with a public display of gas lights. The earliest application of this artificial light on a large systematic scale was made in Manchester, where an apparatus for lighting the great cotton mills of Phillipps & Lee was fitted up in 1804, under the direction of Mr. Murdoch. In 1802 coal gas was first used in Paris, although the city was not lighted with it until 1820. The first incorporated gas company in London was ‘ ‘ The London and Westminster Gas Light and Coke Company,” with a capital of £200,000, in 1810. The first practical application of gas light in the United States was in the bath house and contiguous apartments at Newport, R. I., which were lighted by David Melville in 1813. The eminent gas engineer, Samuel Clegg, to whose inventive genius in the perfecting of apparatus for manufacturing gas we owe so much, was in this same year retained as engineer by 4 ‘The Chartered Gas Light and Coke Company” of London. He was born in Manchester, March 2, 1781. Among many inventions and adaptations to his credit in the making of coal gas are the following: In 1805 he first used lime in its purification. In 1806 he communicated to the Society of Arts the first plan of an apparatus for Cast Iron Pipe. 8t lighting manufactories. In 1809 he lighted the factory of Mr. Harris at Coventry. Here he introduced a paddle at the bottom of the tank to agitate the lime. In 18 11 he introduced the wet lime purifier as a separate vessel, the first ever employed for that purpose. In this same year he first used the hydraulic main. In 1812, at the cotton mills at Hyde, he first attached to the gas-holder the mechanism for regulating its specific grav- ity. In 1815 he invented the gas meter. In 1816 he invented and pat- ented the gas governor. In 1817 he invented the collapsing gas holder. In 1841 the first edition of ‘ ‘Clegg on Coal Gas” was published; in 1853 the second ; in 1859 the third; and in 1866 the fourth. This distinguished gentleman died in 1861 in his eightieth year. After the first attempt to illuminate with coal gas in Newport, R. I., no very rapid advance was made, and it was not until 1834 that New York was so lighted. Philadelphia followed in 1835, Chicago in 1840, and Cin- cinnati in 1841. GENERATION OF ILLUMINATING GASES. When coals are heated in a retort to ignition, the progress of decom- position is as follows: First, and before the retort becomes red hot, steam issues along with the atmospheric air. When the retort begins to redden, tar distils in considerable quantity, with some combustible gas, of which hydrogen mixed with ammoniacal gas forms a part. The evolution of gas increases as the retort becomes hotter, with a continual production of tar and ammoniacal liquor, as well as sulphurous acid, from the pyrites of coal, which unites with the ammonia. When the retort has come to a white heat, the disengagement of gas is most active. By and by the gaseous production diminishes, and eventually ceases entirely, although the heat be increased. In the retort a quantity of carbonized coal, or coke , remains, while tar forms at the bottom of the receiver, covered with the ammoni- acal liquor, and combined with carbonic and sulphurous acids and sul- phuretted hydrogen. If, during this distillation, the combustible gas be collected and exam- ined at the several stages of the process, it is found to differ extremely in its luminiferous powers. That which comes off before the retort has ac- quired its proper temperature gives a feeble light, and resembles the gas obtained by the ignition of moist charcoal, consisting chiefly of hydrogen. 82 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. . That evolved when the retort has just acquired throughout a vivid white heat is the best of all, consisting chiefly of bicarbonated hydrogen, with a specific gravity of, say 0.650. At a later period, as after say 5 hours, the gas evolved will have a specific gravity of .5. Toward the end of the operation, say in iohours, it will have a specific gravity of .345. The larger and best proportion of the gas is disengaged during the first hour, amounting to about one-fifth of the whole. In the three following hours the disengagement is tolerably uniform, constituting in all .54 in the sixth hour it is . 1 ; in the seventh and eighth hours . 16. From these observations are derived the rules for the production of a good light — gas from coal. They show that the distillation should com- mence with a retort previously heated to a white heat, since thereby good gas is immediately produced ; that this heat should be steadily continued during the whole operation, and that it should not be increased, especially toward the end, for fear of generating carbonic oxide and hydrogen gases. Upon an average a pound of good coal affords four cubic feet of gas. Below we give the table of temperatures, expressed in colors. Faint red 960° Fahr. Dull red 1290° “ Brilliant red 1470° “ Cherry red 1650° “ Bright cherry red 1830° “ Dull orange 2010° “ Bright orange 2190° “ White heat 2370° “ Bright white 2550° “ , Brilliant white 2730° Coal gas, as it issues from the retort, can not be directly employed for illumination. It contains vapors of tar and oil, also steam impregnated with the carbonate, sulphite, and hydro-sulphuret of ammonia, which would readily condense and prove obstructions in the pipes through which the gas must be distributed. Crude coal gas contains, besides those enumerated, sulphuretted hydrogen, carbonic acid, and carbonic oxide gases ; the former exhales, during combustion for light, an offensive sul- phurous odor, while the latter enfeeble the illuminating power of the gas, and should be removed. In such a book as this we can not give a detailed account of the appa- ratus used for making and purifying gas, but we append a few tests, which can be applied by any one to discover impurities in gas. Cast Iron Pipe. 83 IMPURITIES IN GAS. To ascertain the presence of Carbonic acid . — Impregnate water with the gas, and add a few drops of sulphuric acid, when minute bubbles of carbonic acid gas will be rapidly disengaged. Sulphuretted hydrogen . — Take a solution of nitrate of silver and dis- tilled water. Saturate a piece of writing paper in it, and hold over a jet of unlighted gas. Pure gas will produce no discoloration. If a brown stain is given, the lime in the purifiers requires renewing. Sulphuretted hydrogen prevails more extensively if there be much pyritous matter in the coal. Ammonia — Take litmus paper reddened by acid and apply to a gas jet as above. If the blue color of the litmus returns, the gas contains ammonia. USEFUL PRODUCTS OF COAL GAS MANUFACTURE. Tar yields benzole of great solvent powers, adapted for preparing varnishes, for making oil of bitter almonds, for removing grease spots, and for cleansing soiled white gloves. It also gives naphtha an important sol- vent of india rubber and gutta percha. It also forms lampblack, the princi- pal ingredient in printer’s ink; is largely used in asphalt for pavements; mixed with red hot clay, it is a powerful disinfectant ; with waste coal dust and pressed, it is an excellent and compact artificial fuel. The water condensed with the tar contains much ammonia, readily convertible into sulphate of ammonia. Cyanides are also present, and these are readily convertible into Prus- sian blue. Naphthaline may be made into beautiful red coloring matter, closely resembling that obtained from madder. — Dr. Lyon Playfair. 84 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. TABLE, SHOWING THE DISCHARGES OF GAS IN CUBIC FEET PER HOUR, THROUGH PIPES OF DIFFERENT DIAMETERS AND VARIOUS LENGTHS IN YARDS LINEAL. Pressure of Water, in Inches, i, 1.5, 2, 2.5. Specific Gravity, .400. ! Length in 1 Yards. 2 INCHES DIAMETER. g K 0 3 INCHES DIAMETER. 1 I -S 2 2.5 g 3 Sh bn w ^ I i -5 2 2-5 100 1208 1480 1708 1908 100 3100 4075 4700 5260 150 986 1208 1394 1560 150 2718 3329 3840 4293 a 200 853 1046 1208 1350 200 235 ° 2881 3328 3718 300 697 853 984 1103 3 °° 1920 2353 2714 3037 5 °° 540 661 762 853 500 1488 1823 2108 2353 750 441 540 624 697 75 o 1216 1488 1718 1920 1000 381 468 540 534 1000 1054 1289 1488 1644 1250 342 419 484 540 1250 942 ii 55 1332 1354 1500 312 381 442 493 1500 859 1052 1216 1357 1750 280 353 408 457 i 75 o 795 974 1130 1279 2000 270 33 1 381 427 2000 744 912 1054 1176 g g g 4 . INCHES DIAMETER. S 5 g g 6 1 INCHES DIAMETER. a 1 1-5 2 2.5 g 3 ■ i -5 2 2-5 100 6831 8370 9658 10800 IOO 18820 23050 26600 29770 150 558 o 6830 7888 8817 150 15370 18820 21700 24300 200 4829 5920 6826 7674 200 I 33 10 16400 IS800 21000 300 3944 4829 5577 6233 300 10870 13310 15370 17180 5 CO 3055 3740 4320 4829 500 8418 10310 II94O I 33 IO 75 ° 2420 3055 3522 3944 750 6872 8418 9720 10870 1000 2160 2646 3052 3413 IOOO 5950 7290 8420 9410 1250 1932 2366 2732 3052 1250 4340 5320 7540 8415 1500 1761 2160 2490 2789 1500 4860 597 o 6860 7672 175 ° 1634 2000 2310 2582 1750 4500 55 oo 6366 7115 2000 1530 1870 2150 2415 2000 4209 5i55 5970 6655 Cast Iron Pipe. 85 DISCHARGES OF GAS. — Coiitinued . fc w 0 H ai 8 INCHES DIAMETER. 1 2 1 w Q IO INCHES DIAMETER. g < W ^ ■ i -5 2 2*5 g c w ^ I i -5 j 2 2-5 IOO 38650 47350 54640 61 IOO 500 30100 37100 42600 47700 GO 3H50 38640 44600 49940 750 24650 30190 34800 39000 200 27340 33460 38600 43200 IOOO 21640 26150 30100 33750 300 22310 27340 31550 35270 1500 17400 21300 24760 27560 500 17280 21 1 70 244OO 27340 2000 15050 0 0 Ln 00 21300 23850 750 14100 17280 19800 22310 2500 13^75 16136 18632 20880 IOOO 12220 I4960 17280 19320 3000 12027 14561 17008 19016 1250 10940 13650 15520 17280 15800 4000 10413 12756 14729 16468 I 5°° 9900 12200 I4040 1750 9237 1 1300 I304O 14600 2000 8640 10585 12200 13670 S5 K Q f* al 12 INCHES DIAMETER. g _ c/i ffi Q £ t>i 14 INCHES DIAMETER. g < ►J I i-5 2 2-5 g c w ^ I i-5 2 2-5 500 47600 58320 672OO 75240 500 980OO 1 20200 I3824O 154560 750 38800 47600 55000 61470 750 79770 97740 I 13200 128020 IOOO 33660 41200 47600 53240 IOOO 69120 84670 980OO IO9260 1500 27500 33600 38880 435H 1500 56600 69120 79800 89230 2000 23800 29250 33600 37620 2000 49OOO 60100 69120 77280 2500 21 190 26100 30116 33631 2500 43680 53540 61824 69120 3000 I944O 23800 27500 30740 3000 39885 48870 56600 640OO 4000 16830 20600 23800 26620 4000 34560 42340 49OOO 54630 So The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. DISCHARGES OF GAS. — Continued . 1 Length in Yards. 20 INCHES DIAMETER. Length in Yards. 24 INCHES DIAMETER. I i -5 2 2-5 I i -5 2 2-5 500 170600 204600 24IOOO 270000 500 271200 326000 375000 425800 750 139600 1 70600 I97600 222400 750 217200 271200 310000 344OOO 1000 120744 147900 I 70600 I9IOOO 1000 189200 233280 271200 30Il60 150° 98800 120700 139600 15580° 1500 155000 190500 217200 245800 2000 85300 102300 I2450O 135000 2000 135600 ■ 163000 187600 212900 2500 76500 935oo 108000 120744 2500 I 19000 1 45 5oo I 68000 I 944OO 3000 69800 85300 98800 I 10200 3000 108600 1 3 5600 I 55 C >00 172000 4000 60370 73950 85300 „ 95500 4000 95350 1 16640 135600 150580 Length in Yards. 30 INCHES DIAMETER. . Length in Yards. 36 INCHES DIAMETER. I i -5 2 2-5 • T -5 2 2-5 500 4680OO 574000 664OOO 744200 500 744000 912000 I 2 I 2000 I2564OO 75 ° 384OOO 468000 5589OO 607600 75 o 606000 744000 8560OO IO32OOO 1000 332000 406000 4680OO 526000 1000 530000 644000 744000 832OOO 1500 272070 332760 384140 457600 1500 428500 524860 606000 677630 2000 234OOO 287000 332000 372IOO 2000 372000 456000 524880 628200 2500 210000 257000 29800 332000 2500 332000 408000 468000 53OOOO 0 8 292000 234000 270000 303800 3000 303000 372000 428000 516000 4000 166000 203000 234OOO 263OOO 4000 265000 322000 372000 416000 Cast Iron Pipe. 87 TABLE, EXHIBITING THE PROPORTIONATE SIZE AND LENGTH OF SMALL PIPE FOR AN UNINTERRUPTED FLOW OF GAS AND A READY LIGHT. SIZE OF TUBING. GREATEST LENGTH ALLOWED. GREATEST NO. BURNERS. % inch. 6 feet. i burner. H “ 20 “ 3 “ % “ 30 “ 6 H “ 40 “ 12 “ % “ 50 “ 20 “ 1 “ 70 “ JC « 35 “ IOO “ 60 “ 1# “ 150 “ 100 “ 2 “ 200 “ 200 “ MOTION OF GAS IN PIPES. The following is the formula on which the foregoing tables were com- puted, in which — Q = Quantity of gas in cubic feet per hour. L = Length of pipe in yards lineal. D = Diameter of pipe in inches. H = Head of water pressure in inches. G == Specific gravity of gas = .400. Q = 1350 D 2 -j/ H D G L D = .056 5 - l /~Q r ~G~T 7 H If it is desired to ascertain the quantities discharged of gas of any other specific gravity, multiply the quantities indicated in the above tables by the square root of .4, and divide the product by the square root of the specific gravity of the other gas. See table on next page. If the length of the pipe is one-fourth of the lengths given in the table, the discharge of gas will be doubled. If the length of the pipe is four times greater than the lengths in the table, the discharge of gas will be only one-half. Four times the pressure doubles the discharge of gas. 88 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. TABLE, SHOWING SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF GAS OF DIFFERENT ILLUMINATING POWERS IN STANDARD SPERM CANDLES.— AIR BEING i.ooo. No. Candles. Spec. Grav. No. Candles. \ Spec. Grav. 10 Very Appro ►ximately. .380 21 Very Approximately. .522 11 << (( •392 22 | ec u •537 12 (C u •405 23 i. a • 55 o *3 u cc .416 24 u u •565 14 u u •430 25 a ti .585 15 u u •443 26 u u .605 16 u a •455 27 U (1 .625 17 u u .468 28 ce ic •645 18 << u .482 29 u a .662 19 u u •495 30 u a .678 20 u .508 3 i u u .694 Inside lights consume 4 cubic feet per hour. External lights consume 5 cubic feet per hour. In winter, each lamp consumes, per month, 1800 to 2500 cubic feet. In summer, each lamp consumes, per month, 1000 to 1800 cubic feet. Average consumption for each lamp = 21000 cubic feet per year. Private burners average about = 5000 cubic feet per year. Cast Iron Pipe. 89 FINAL TESTS. Upon the completion of a water system, and in making the final tests of lines of pipe, care should be exercised to withdraw all air from the main. By means of practical tests it has been shown that air collects at the low as well as at the high points of the line. When hydrants are not in close proximity to these points it is highly necessary to tap the main with a wrought-iron pipe through which the air and water may escape. Before putting on the pressure, water should be allowed to flow through the pipe until every indication of the presence of air shall have passed away. This frequently takes two or three days. The presence of air in water can only be detected by filling a glass with the water. If air is present it will be seen rising to the top of the glass in a white cloud. A test should not be made until glasses of water caught at the hydrants no longer show the presence of air. As water is a non-compressible fluid, hydrants should be left open throughout the entire test of direct pumping works, as otherwise there would be no allowance made for the water to escape, which the pumps force into the mains. COST OF EXCAVATION. Excavation for pipe laying differs so widely in the various kinds of soil found in the cities and towns of this country that it will be impos- sible to give any but an approximate estimate of the cost of trenching and back-filling. But we will give an estimate of the cost of trenching, based on clay or loam soil, entirely free from rock, shale, or hard-pan, and sufficiently stiff to stand and not cave, with labor at $1.50 per day. When rock, shale, hard-pan, macadam or gravel streets are to be ex- cavated an additional percentage will have to be added to the estimate here given, in proportion to the extra labor required. The estimate for back-filling may seem somewhat excessive, but we contemplate ramming and putting the streets in as good condition as they were prior to their being excavated. 9 o The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co PIPE LAYING. COST OF EXCAVATING AND BACK-FILLING. Size of Pipe. Width of Trench. Depth of Trench. Cost Excavating per Lineal Foot. Cost of Back Filling per Foot. TOTAL. 4 inches. 2 feet. 4 feet, 6 inches. 6 cents. 3 cents. 9 cents. 6 “ 2 “ 4 “ 8 “ 6} “ 3 * “ 10 “ 8 “ 2 “ 4 in. 4 “ 10 “ 7 b “ 4 11* “ IO “ 2 “ 6 “ 5 6 6 00 4 b “ 13 “ 12 “ 2 “ 8 “ 5 “ 2 “ IO “ 5 “ 15 16 “ 3 “ 5 “ 8 “ 15 8 23 “ 20 “ 3 “ 6 “ 6 6 6 20 “ 10 “ 30 “ 2 4 “ 3 “ 8 “ 6 “ 4 “ 25 “ 12 “ 37 COST OF PLACING AND JOINTING PIPE. 4 inch per lineal foot . . . 12 inch per lineal foot . . . 6 “ “ “ “ . . . ... 2 b “ 16 66 66 66 ... 9 “ 8 “ “ “ “ . . . ... 4 “ 20 66 66 66* 66 II U |0 (( (( 6( 66 ... 5 “ 24 66 66 66 66 These prices include the extra labor in setting the specials that may be needed. EXCAVATION IN CUBIC YARDS PER ioo FEET. Depth of Trench in Feet. WIDTH OF TRENCH IN FEET. 2 2 b 3 3 b 4 4 b 5 3 22.222 27.777 33.333 38.888 44.444 50.000 55-555 3b 25.926 32.037 38.888 45.370 5 I. 85 I 58.333 64.814 4 29.630 37.037 44.444 51.851 59-259 66.666 74.074 4 b 33-333 41.666 50.000 58.333 66.666 75.000 83-333 5 37.037 46.296 55-555 64.814 74.074 83-333 92.592 Cast Iron Pipe 91 TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT OF LEAD AND YARN USED IN LAYING OUR CAST IRON PIPE. WATER. GAS. Pi W DEPTH OF LEAD. oi M DEPTH OF LEAD. Diamet OF Pipe. 2 inches. 1 2 inches. H pd « fa £ soft c ^ Q 2 inches. 1 J inches. Pounds Lead. used. Pounds Yarn used. Pounds Lead used. Pounds Yarn used. Pounds Lead used. Pounds Yarn used. Pounds Lead used. Pounds Yarn used. Inches. 2% : i-53 . I40 Inches. 1.48 •135 3 4.85 .089 3-75 .148 3 4-75 .086 3-53 •144 4 6.32 .251 5.01 •3 2 9 4 6.02 .238 4.81 -313 5 7-50 •2 77 5-95 .366 5 7.14 .267 5.71 •352 6 8.68 .321 6.88 .424 6 8-53 .316 6.77 .417 3 11.03 .471 8.75 .605 8 10.88 .465 8.65 •597 10 13-53 .578 10.73 .742 10 13.24 .566 IO.50 .726 12 15.88 .582 12.60 •775 12 I5-76 -578 12.50 •77 0 14 18.67 .684 14.81 .912 14 18.24 .668 14.46 .891 16 21.03 .642 16.68 •899 16 20.74 •633 l6.44* .886 18 23.68 .867 18.78 1. 157 18 23-39 .856 18.55 1. 142 20 26.33 .966 20.88 1.288 20 25-74 .941 20.4I 1.254 24 j 31-04 I - I 37 24.61 i-5i6 24 30.45 1.115 24.14 1.486 30 | 38.17 1.631 30.37 2.175 *In pipes two inches in diameter the depth of lead is one inch. No allowance is made in the above table for waste and loss in melting. 9 2 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. [From a paper by Wm. Kent, M. E.,in transactions of American Society of M. E., Volume V. i.J TABLE OF DIMENSIONS OF CHIMNEYS FOR STEAM BOILERS. W S 5 H M HEIGHT OF CHIMNEY IN FEET. >n— 1 50 60 70 80 90 100 IIO 125 150 175 200 18 23 25 27 21 35 38 41 24 49 54 58 62 27 65 72 78 83 30 84 92 100 107 “3 33 “5 125 i 33 140 ' • - 36 14 1 152 163 i 73 182 39 183 196 208 219 42 216 231 245 258 271 48 311 33 o 348 365 389 54 427 449 472 503 55 i 60 536 565 593 632 692 748 66 694 728 776 849 918 981 72 835 876 934 1023 I 105 Il8l 78 1038 1107 1212 I3IO 1400 84 1214 1294 1418 1531 1631 90 1496 1639 1770 1893 96 00 On 2027 2167 a in « « w ^ ^ Q P u H of £ CGCQ a go 16 19 22 24 27 30 32 35 38 43 48 54 59 64 70 75 80 86 The above table is based on the generally adopted standard of one horse- power, viz.: The hourly evaporation of thirty pounds of water into dry steam from feed water at 100 degrees Fahr., and under a pressure of sev- enty pounds per square inch above the atmosphere. in Inches. Cast Iron Pipe. 93 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. The metric system of weights and measures was adopted and legal- ized by act of Congress in 1866. Although it has since then been used by some of the different departments of the government, notably by the Coast Survey and the Engineer corps of the army, it has by no means superseded the old style of weights and measures in vogue in commer- cial usage. The meter equaling 39.368505 inches, or 3.280709 feet lineal, is the unit of lengthy area , and volwne in this system, and a cubic meter of water at its maximum density, 39:2°, weighs 2204.7 pounds avoirdupois. The gram is the unit of weight, and is equal to the weight of a cubic centimeter of distilled water at its maximum of density in vacuo = .002204.7 pounds avoirdupois, at sea level, latitude of Paris, barometer 29.922 inches. The Liter is the unit of measures of capacity. A Inter = 1-057 liquid quarts or .908 dry quarts. A curious coincidence in the adoption of units of measurement of the meter and the standard yard is that neither are what they were originally intended to be. The meter was intended to be the one-ten-millionth part of the distance from either pole of the earth to the equator ; but after it had been introduced into use, errors were discovered in the calculations employed for ascertaining that distance. The British standard yard, the standard also for all ordinary purposes in this country, is theoretically that of a pendulum vibrating seconds at the level of the sea in the latitude of London, in vacuum, with thermometer at 62° Fahr. The length of this pendulum is supposed to be divided into 39.1393 equal parts, called inches, and 36 of these inches were adopted as the standard yard for both countries ; but the preliminary standard being destroyed by fire in 1834, it was found to be impossible to restore it by measurement of the pendulum, so as to be exactly correct with the one formerly used. The consequence is that the present British yard is shorter than that of the United States by about 1 part in 17230, which is equal to 3.677 inches in a mile, or to Ath of an inch in 100 feet. We append the metric system of weights and measures. 94 The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. COMPLETE TABLE OF THE METRIC SYSTEM. Relative Values. Length. Weight. Capacity. Surface. Solidity. 10,000 Myriameter. (Mm) 1,000 Kilometer. (Km) Kilogram. (Kg) Ki'loliter. (Kl) IOO Hektometer. (Hm) Hektogram. (Hg) Hektoliter. (HI) Hektar. (Ha) ;o Dekameter. (Dm) Dekagram. Pg) Dekaliter. (HI) Dekaster. (Ds) Unit. Meter. (m) Gram. (g) Liter. (1) Ar. (a) Stere. (s) . i Decimeter. (dm) Decigram. ( d g) Deciliter. (HI) Deciar. (da) Decister. (ds) .oi Centimeter. (cm) Centigram. (eg) Centiliter. (cl) Centiar. (ca) .OOI Millimeter. (mm) Milligram. (™g) Milliliter. (ml) Cast Iron Pipe. 95 TROY WEIGHT. UNITED STATES AND BRITISH STANDARD. 24 grains == 1 pennyweight, dwt. 20 pennyweights = 1 ounce, oz. = 480 grains. 12 ounces = 1 pound, lb. — 240 dwt. = 5760 grains. Troy weight is used for gold and silver and precious stones. A carat in the United States = 3.2 grains ; in London = 3. 17 grains ; in Paris = 3.18 grains, divided into 4 jewelers’ grains. Perfectly pure gold is called fine or 24 carat gold ; when alloyed, it is supposed to be divided into 24 equal parts ; if 14, 15, 18, or 20, etc., of these are pure gold, the alloy is said to be 14, 15, 18, or 20, etc., carat fine. United States trade dollar weighs 420 grains ; United States legal tender dollar weighs 412. 5 grains ; United States “subsidiary” half dol- lars, 192.9 grains; United States 20 dollar gold piece, 5 16 grains. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. UNITED STATES AND BRITISH STANDARD. 27- 34375 grains = 16 drams = 16 ounces = 28 pounds — 4 quarters = 20 cwt. — 1 stone == 1 quintal = 1 dram. 1 ounce = 437.5 grains. 1 pound =256 drams — 7000 grains. 1 quarter = 448 ounces. 1 hundredweight, cwt. .= 112 lbs. 1 ton = 80 quarters == 2240 lbs. 14 pounds. 100 pounds. The Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. 96 APOTHECARIES WEIGHT. UNITED STATES AND BRITISH STANDARD. 20 grains = 1 scruple. 3 scruples = I dram = 60 grains. 8 drams = 1 ounce — 24 scruples = 480 grains. 12 ounces = 1 pound = 96 drams == 288 scruples = 5760 grs. In Troy and Apothecaries weights, the grain , ounce , and pound are the same. LONG MEASURE. The United States and British standards are usually supposed to be the same, but in fact the British measures are short, for reasons explained on page 85. The measurements below are United States standard. 12 inches = 1 foot = .3048121 meter. 3 feet = yard = 36 inches. 5*4 yards = 1 pole, perch, or rod = 16 *4 feet = 40 rods = 1 furlong = 220 yards = 660 feet. 8 furlongs == 1 mile = 320 rods = 1760 yds. = 198 inches. in. 3 miles — 1 league = 24 furlo = 15840 feet. A point = A of an inch. A palm = 3 inches. A line = 6 points = tt inch. A hand = 4 inches. A span = 9 inches. A fathom = 6 feet. Gunter’s chain = 66 feet or 4 rods. rods = 5280 yards A cable’s length = A link = 1 mile. 120 fathoms — 720 feet. 7.92 inches = 100 in chain. A knot , or nautical mile, is the length of one minute of longitude of the earth at the equator, level of the sea, or the ?ri 11 Wrought Pipe, Cement Lined, 8 Wrought Pipe, Coated, 9 Wrought Pipe, Calameined, 10 Wrought Pipe, Durability, 12 Wrought Pipe, Kalameined, 9 Wrought Pipe, Galvanized, 8, 9 Wyck off Pipe, it Y Pipe 58 ! til ■ . wu