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 VINCENNES, INDIANA. 
 
 Mr. Harris Promptly executes orders in these lines, and 
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 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL SURVEY
 
 li. A. FREDERICK, 
 
 SHIPPER OF 1 
 
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 VINCENNES, INDIANA. 
 
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 THE COMPILER
 
 VINCENNES 
 
 In Picture and Story. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE OLD TOWN. 
 APPEARANCE OF THE NEW. 
 
 FULL COLONIAL HISTORY, INCLUDING GEORGE 
 ROGERS CLARK'S OWN ACCOUNT OF 
 THE CAPTURE OF THE VIL- 
 LAGE FROM THE 
 BRITISH. 
 
 ALSO A SHOWING OF THE 
 
 Manufacturing and Business 
 Interests, 
 
 WITH COPIOUS ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 J. IP. HODGE, 
 
 19O2.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Photo by Totenslev- 
 
 KNOX COUNTY COURT HOUSE. Cost over $362,000
 
 ID 
 
 vhor 
 
 J 
 
 Wncennes in Picture and Jtory 
 
 The City of Vincennes, which will form the 
 subject of the following sftetch, is situated on 
 the Wabash river, 120 miles above where its 
 waters join with those of the beautiful Ohio. It 
 is almost equi-distant from the two great cities 
 of St Louis and Cincinnati, being 150 miles al- 
 most directly east of the former, and 192 miles 
 directly west of the latter, on the line of the 
 Baltimore & Ohio South-Western R. R., and 
 south 236 miles from Chicago. It is 117 miles 
 southwest from Indianapolis, and fifty-one 
 miles north of Evansville. It is the southwest- 
 ern terminus of the Indianapolis & Vincennes 
 railroad, a part of the Pennsylvania system, 
 and the midway point on the Evansville & 
 Terre Haute Railroad. It is also the northern 
 terminus of the old Cairo & Vimcerines road, 
 now a part of the Big Four system. 
 
 It is a beautiful city of twelve thousand peo- 
 ple, largely engaged in manufacturing indus- 
 tries, which are, however, so far in the out- 
 skirts, in the main, as to interfere little with 
 the beauty of the city or the pleasure and com- 
 fort of its inhabitants. 
 
 Having thus located and briefly described 
 our subject, our attention! will now be directed 
 to its history proper and more will be said of 
 the present city, its advantages and prospects 
 in another place. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 It is perhaps quite generally known that 
 Vincennes is one of the oldest settlements of 
 the West. It is also known in a vague sort of 
 way that it figured to some extent in the opera- 
 tions of the Revolutionary war. It is probably 
 not so generally known, however, how great a 
 part the "Old Post" played in the game of war 
 which resulted in the birth of the great nation 
 on which the jealous eyes of the whole earth 
 are turned to-day. In view of the importance 
 its conquest assumed in the treaty of Paris, 
 in 1783, it is deeply to be regretted that its 
 early histoiy is enshrouded im misty doubt and 
 
 uncertainty due to the want of official records 
 and authentic historical data. 
 
 In his e/forts to present to his readers a 
 worthy and reliable account of the early set- 
 tlement, growth and development of the city 
 of VinJcennes, the compiler of this history has 
 spent much time and labor and has consulted 
 numerous authorities important among which 
 are Judge Law's "History of Vincennes;" Hon. 
 Win. H. English's "Conquest of the Territory 
 Northwest of the River Ohio and Life of George 
 Rogers Clark," and the "History of Indiana," as 
 published in House Miscellaneous Documents, 
 of the 50th congress; also a pamphlet entitled 
 "Vincennes," by Hon. H. S. Cauthorn.. In this 
 connection he desires to acknowledge valuable 
 assistance rendered him by Hon. Henry S. 
 Cauthorn, Dr. Hubbard M. Smith and Mr. Ed- 
 ward L. Townsley, of the city. 
 
 The city derives its name from a Canadian of- 
 ficer, Francis Morgan de Vincenne, who, there 
 is some reason to believe, planted the first 
 French settlement here in the year 1702. It 
 is not, however, due to this circumstance that 
 the city bears his name. It had up to the year 
 1736 been knk>wn variously as "The Post, "Old 
 Post," "Au Post," "Post Ouabache," "St 
 Francis Xavier Post." etc., no name having, 
 apparently, been officially promulgated. De 
 Vincenne, who was a resident of the town and 
 probably a post officer, accompanied an expe- 
 dition against the Chickasaw Indians. The 
 French were defeated and De Vincenne was 
 among the captured, scorning to leave the 
 wounded. His heroic conduct on this occasion 
 when he was burned at the stake, caused his 
 praises to be sung to that extent that his name 
 was given the post, without any formal action, 
 but by a spontaneous movement which met 
 with a general acceptance. Ttat the first set- 
 tlement on the Wabash on the ?ite of Vincennes 
 was made by French traders from Canada 
 there seems to be no doubt, vrhatever. Under 
 whose leadership and at what date are mat-
 
 
 
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 colonial enterprizes which 
 were undertaken by the 
 French in America, two con- 
 siderations doubtless operated 
 to induce the settlement at 
 Vincennes. The strengthen- 
 ing and extension of the trade 
 and empire of France, and 
 the spread of the Christian re- 
 ligion, as taught by the estab- 
 lished church of that country. 
 It is well kniown that in the 
 latter part of the seventeenth 
 century they attempted the 
 construction of a cordon of 
 posts to connect their settle- 
 ments in Canada with those 
 on the Mississippi, -and the 
 Old Post may have had its 
 origin as far back as that, in 
 this effort. 
 
 O 
 
 h 
 
 ters which do not seem capable of being re- 
 duced to any degree of certainty. As in all the 
 
 At the time when the light 
 of history throws its first dim 
 rays upon the site of our be- 
 loved little city of the pres- 
 ent, there was located here 
 an Indian village called 
 "Chip-pe-co-ke" or "Brush 
 Wood." No doubt the exist-, 
 ence of this village was the 
 moving consideration for the 
 settlement at this point for 
 dual reason that it gave the 
 priest an opportunity to con- 
 vert the savage denizens of 
 the valley and furnished the 
 thrifty trader an opportunity 
 to traffic with the natives. 
 
 Judge Law in his address 
 before the "Vincennes His- 
 torical and .Antiquarian Soci- 
 ety," delivered in 1839, by 
 a most plausible argument 
 arrives at the conclusion that 
 the settlement here must 
 have been made about 1710. 
 Quoting from a volume of 
 "Letters Edifying and Curi- 
 ous," published in Paris in 
 1761, and from a letter therein 
 contained written toy "Father 
 Gabriel Marest, Missionary of the company of 
 Jesus, to Father Germon, of the same com- 
 
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 8
 
 VINCENNES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 pany," dated at Kaskaskia, Illinois, Nov. 12, 
 1712, says: 'The French having lately estab- 
 lished a fort on the river Wabash, demanded a 
 missionary, and Father Mermet was sent to 
 them." From the statement that the fort has 
 been built, Judge Law arrives at the conclusion 
 that the settlement must have been made a 
 year or so previous to the date of the letter. 
 
 In a memoir of M. de Denomville, on the 
 French limits in North America, dated March 
 8, 1688, it is stated that the French at that time 
 had divers establishments on the river Missis- 
 sippi "as well as on the Oyo, Ouabache, etc., 
 which flow into the said river Mississippi." 
 This is taken from the "Paris Documents" 
 which are copies of the "originals in the ar- 
 chives of the department of the marin/e and the 
 colonies in the archives of the department of 
 war, and in the Royal library of Paris." 
 
 nin passant it may be as well to note the fact 
 that there appears to be good authority for the 
 statement that the society before which Judge 
 Law delivered this discourse in 1839 had in the 
 early part of the nineteenth century fixed the 
 date 1680 as that of the first French settlement 
 here. Onl what they based their conclusions is 
 not known at the present day. 
 
 Judge Law sees no reason to doubt that the 
 post mentioned in Father Marest's letter was 
 the one afterwards variously known as "Au 
 Post," "The Post," and "Post Vincennes." 
 
 The statement is made in the 'History of In- 
 diana" previously referred to, published by au- 
 thority of Congress, that "after La Motte Cad- 
 illac founded a permanent settlement at Detroit, 
 and about the close of 1702, Sieur Juchereau, a 
 Canadian officer, assisted by the Missionary 
 Mermet, made an attempt to establish a post 
 on the Ohio, near the mouth of that river; or 
 according to some on the Wabash at the site 
 which is now occupied by Vincentnes." Two 
 anecdotes are there related as told by Father 
 Mermet in connection with this settlement, 
 which Judge Law connects with his later date 
 of 1710. One of these related to a religious 
 controversy with the medicine men of the In- 
 dian village: the other to an epidemic malady 
 of malignant type from which the Indians suf- 
 fered and with which neither the "Big Medi- 
 cine's" sorcery nor the good priest's knowledge 
 was able to cope. In their extremity the poor, 
 ignorant red men determined on an effort to ap- 
 pease the evil spirit by a great sacrifice of 
 
 dogs. The rest is told in Bishop Brute's lan- 
 guage: 
 
 "Forty of these poor animals, innocent as 
 they were of the cause of the epidemic, were 
 immolated, and carried on poles in solemn pro- 
 cession around the fort While the procession 
 was moving, the jugglers were uttering excla- 
 mations, which as recorded by Father Mermet 
 were as follows: 'Manitou of the French, do 
 not kill us all! Softly, softly then! Do not 
 strike too hard. Spare us ere we all die.' 
 Then turning to the father (Mermet) they 
 would say 'O, Manitou, truly thou hast life and 
 death in thy sack. Keep in death and give out 
 life.' " It is added that "the Indians soon 
 moved away from the place of mortality, Mer- 
 met retired to the village of Kaskaskia, and 
 the Sieur Juchereau abandoned the sickly post. 
 
 In the narrative last referred to it is stated 
 that the total French population within the 
 province from Lake Michigan to the Gulf of 
 Mexico did not exceed four hunldred in 1713, 
 three years" after the date fixed by Judge Law 
 for the settlement of Vincennes, from which we 
 may infer that at all events the population of 
 Vincennes must have been exceedingly limited. 
 
 But we find another bit of evidence in favor 
 of the date 1762 for the settlement at the "Old 
 Post," in the petition of the French inhabitants 
 thereof to General Gage in 1772, in which they 
 allege, in response to a proclamation previously 
 issued by General Gage, commanding them "to 
 retire, at their choice, into some one of the 
 colonies of his majesty, where they will be re- 
 ceived and treated as the other subjects of his 
 majesty." They claim in their petition that 
 they hold their lands by "sacred titles;" that 
 the French settlement at this place was of 
 'seventy years' standing," and that their lands 
 had been granted by order and under protec- 
 tion of "his most Christian Majesty," the King 
 of France. To this petition Gen. Gage trans- 
 mitted the following reply: 
 
 "New York, April 2d, 1773. 
 
 "Gentlemen: I have received your letter of 
 the 14th of September last, with the representa- 
 tions annexed, which I intend to cause in a 
 few days to be transmitted to the fleet of his 
 Majesty. 
 
 "As you claim your possession by sacred ti- 
 tles, insinuating that your settlement is of 
 seventy years' standing, and that the lands 
 have been granted by order and under protec- 
 tion of his most Christian Majesty, it is nee-
 
 VINCEXNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 essary that His Majesty should be informed 
 very particularly on these points: and it is> im- 
 
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 tu 
 
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 S 
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 u 
 
 portant to you to giye con- 
 vincing proofs of all that 
 you allege in this respect. 
 
 "To this end I have to de- 
 mand, without delay, the 
 name of every inhabitant at 
 Yincennes and its neighbor- 
 hood, and by what title each 
 one claims; if it is by con- 
 cession, the year of the con- 
 cession must be added, as 
 the name of the officer who 
 made it, and the name of the 
 governor-general who ap- 
 proved and confirmed it 
 with (illegible word, probab- 
 ly "page" or "number";) also 
 of the records where each 
 concession shall have been 
 registered. That the report 
 which I expect may be bet- 
 ter understood, I annex here- 
 to a form, which I beg you 
 to follow exactly, and to put 
 me as early as possible in a 
 position to push forward 
 your business. 
 I am, Gentlemen, 
 
 Your most humble, 
 And obedient servant, 
 THOMAS GAGE. 
 
 "Mr. de St. Marie, and the 
 other inhabitants settled at 
 Post Vincenues." 
 
 It is worthy of remark! 
 that the seventy years' ten- 
 ure of lands at the 
 Post" would carry these pe- 
 titioners back exactly to the 
 date alleged in the history of 
 Indiana, heretofore referred 
 to as that of the arrival of 
 Sieur Juchereau and his fol- 
 lowers, with Father Merniet 
 1702. 
 
 Father Merniet subse- 
 quently died at Kaskas- 
 kia, but whether he ever 
 returned to Viucennes 
 
 we are not told. 
 On the subject of the date of settlement it 
 
 /
 
 VIXCEXXES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 may be further said the Count de Volney, who 
 was here in 1796, and who talked with many 
 of the old settlers, gives it as his opinion that 
 the settlement was made in 1735. The facts 
 and circumstances before related, however, 
 render it altogether probable his estimate is 
 too conservative and that the correct date is 
 many years prior. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE JESUIT MISSIONARIES. 
 
 The noble fortitude, perseverance and endur- 
 ance exhibited by these learned missionaries 
 of the Jesuit order are worthy the admiration 
 of the world, and did more, perhaps, toward 
 conquering the wilderness, so far as it was 
 done by the French than all other agenteies. No 
 other nation had so litle trouble with the In- 
 dians as the French and we can readily believe 
 the Christly deportment, unselfish devotion to 
 the relief of suffering, exhibited by their de- 
 voted priesthood, did more than all other agen- 
 cies to produce that happy state of affairs. 
 
 As throwing some light on their labors anld 
 the manner in which they gained so great an 
 -ascendancy over the natives we quote below 
 from a letter written from Kaskaskia, by Fath- 
 er Marest, giving an account of a journey 
 through the wilderness. He thus describes the 
 character of the country over which he trav- 
 eled in making a journey from Kaskaskia to 
 Michilimackinac: "We have marched," says 
 the Rev. Father, "twelve days without meet- 
 ing a single human creature. Sometimes we 
 found ourselves in vast prairies of which we 
 could not see the boundaries through which 
 there flowed many brooks and rivers, but with- 
 out any path to conduct us. Sometimes we 
 were obliged to open a path through thick for- 
 ests, through bushes and underwood filled with 
 briars and thorns. Sometimes we had to pass 
 through deep marshes in) which we sank up to 
 the middle. After being fatigued through the 
 day we had the earth for our bed or a few 
 leaves exposed to the wind, the rain, and all 
 the injuries of the air." 
 
 Writing of the customary religious exercises 
 at Kaskaskia. Father Marest says: "The fol- 
 lowing is the order we observe each day in 
 our mission: Early in the morning we assem- 
 ble the catechumens at the church, where they 
 have prayers; they receive instruction and 
 chant some canticles. When they have retired, 
 mass is said, at which all the Christians as- 
 
 sist, the men placed on one side and the wom- 
 en on the other; then they have prayers, which 
 are followed by giving them a homily; after 
 which each one goes to his labor. We then 
 spend our time in visiting the sick to give them 
 the necessary remedies, to instruct them, and 
 to console those who are laboring under any 
 affliction.. After noon the cathechising is held, 
 at which all are present, Christians and 
 catechumens, men and children, younig and old, 
 and where each, without distinction of rank or 
 age, answers the questions put by the mission- 
 ary. As the people have no books and are nat- 
 urally indolent, they would shortly forget the 
 principles of religion! if the remembrance of 
 them were not recalled by these almost con- 
 tinual instructions. In the evening all assem- 
 ble again at the church to listen to the instruc- 
 tions which are given, to hear prayers and to 
 sing praise hymns. * * * These hymns are 
 their best insti uctions, which they retain more 
 easily, since the word's are set to airs with 
 which they are familiar and which they like." 
 
 Could anything be more calculated to gain 
 and retain an ascendancy over any people than 
 such a course of instruction and such devotion 
 and service to the sick and suffering? Is it 
 any wonder' that wherever the Jesuit mission- 
 ary went there was for the most part a friendly 
 greeting and that he gained this not only for 
 himself but for his associates and followers? 
 
 But if the picture painted by the Count de 
 Volney in 1796 of the conditions prevailing at 
 Vincennes on the occasion of his visit of that 
 date be a true one the vigilance of the priest- 
 hood hereabout must have been somwhat re- 
 laxed. Mr. Volney says: "My stay at Vin- 
 cennes afforded me some knowledge of the In- 
 dians who were assembled to barter away the 
 produce of their red hunt. There were four 
 or five hundred of them, men, women) and 
 children, of various tribes, as the Weas, Peor- 
 ias, Sawkies, Peankeshaws and Miamis. The 
 men and women roamed all day about the 
 town merely to get rum; for which they eager- 
 ly exchanged their peltry, their toys, their 
 clothes, and at length, when they had parted 
 with their all, they offered their prayers and 
 entreaties never ceasing to drink rill they had 
 lost their senses." 
 
 It should be remembered, however, that this 
 was long after the conquest of the country by 
 George Rogers Clark, and in the meantime 
 there had come into the vicinity many traders
 
 10 
 
 VIXCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 of English extraction over whom and whose 
 dealings with the natives the Jesuit mission- 
 aries could have no control. A further rea- 
 son/ for the more abundant flow of rum Is 
 found in the fact that communication with the 
 settlements was at this time far easier than in 
 the time of Fr. Marest.. A few years later, in 
 
 Photo by Ttnvnsley. 
 
 Jesuitical priesthood certainly render it prob- 
 able that it is possible even at this day to find 
 the facts. We are, however, compelled at the 
 present to content oneselves with conjecture as 
 to the lapse of a quarter of century or more 
 until the year 1749 when the first entry appears 
 in the records of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral. 
 
 VINCENNES AND EVANSVILLE BELLES 
 
 1805, Governor Harrison, in a letter addressed 
 to Governor Tiffin, of Ohio, said: "The dread- 
 ful effects which have beem produced among 
 our Indian neighbors by the immense quanti- 
 ties of ardent spirits which have been poured 
 in upon them by our citizens, have long been 
 known and lamented by every fiiend of hu- 
 manity." 
 
 But these digressions find us far ahead of 
 our story. Let us return to the early years of 
 the eighteenth century. They give us little but 
 conjecture it is true, but we are safe in sur- 
 mising that the Piankeshaw villages in the vi- 
 cinity of Vincennes were not strangers to the 
 zealous priests whose labors were begun al- 
 most with the dawns of the century and that if 
 we know nothing of the events of that period 
 it is probably due to the fact that the archives 
 of the order in France have not been searched 
 by a competent historian sufficiently interested 
 to delve so deep as would be required. The 
 thorough system of reports required of the 
 
 It was made by Father Meurin, who appears to 
 have arrived here at that date. We are told 
 that in the course of the next year, 1700, a 
 small fort was built and that the white popu- 
 lation was considerably increased in the course 
 of the years 1754-55-56 by the arrival of immi- 
 grants from Kaskaskia, Detroit, Canada amd 
 New Orleans. 
 
 It will be remembered that it was in the last 
 year mentioned, 1854, that war was precipitated 
 between France and England, known in Eng- 
 lish history as the French and Indiani war. 
 Washington leading a force against Fort Du 
 Quesne suffered his first disaster, at Fort Ne- 
 cessity, Great Meadows, being compelled to 
 capitulate to De Villiers, the French command- 
 ant, who generously permitted his little army 
 to retire toward the English settlements. This 
 war resulted in victory for the English arms 
 and the cession of Canada and the territory 
 westward to the Mississippi, to England, by 
 "( treaty of 1763. * 
 
 Felix Bouchie, who died in Vincennes at an advanced age, in 1897, related an experience his grand- 
 father, Vetal Bouchie, had with the Indians during this war. He came to Vincennes from Canada in 1760. 
 Young Bouchie, who was a man of herculean proportions, applied to Mrs. Cardinal, a widow, for work, 
 and was engaged to assist in mowing a meadow south of town, in the vicinity of the elevation known 
 as "Bunker Hill." While at work in company with another white man and two negro slaves, they 
 were set upon by a party of Indians, who had approached by the well known stratagem of moving 
 bushes held in front of them. At the moment of the discovery of the Indians, who had taken the precau-
 
 VINCENNBS IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 11 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 UNDER ENGLISH RULE. 
 
 The first official act affecting the repose of the 
 French settlement was a proclamation issued 
 by General Gage in 1772 which read as follows: 
 
 'By his Excellency, Thomas Gage, Lieutenant 
 General of the King's armies, colonel of the 
 twenty-second regiment, general commanding 
 in chief all the forces of his majesty in North 
 America, etc., etc., etc., 
 
 'Whereas, many persons, contrary to the posi- 
 tive orders of the King upon the subject, have 
 undertaken to make settlements beyond the 
 boundaries fixed by the treaties made with the 
 Indian nations, which boundaries ought to 
 serve as a barrier between) the whites and the 
 said nations; and a great number of persons 
 have established themselves, particularly on 
 the Ouabache, where they lead a Wandering 
 life, without government and without laws, in- 
 terrupting the free course of trade, destroy- 
 ing the game anid causing infinite disturbance 
 in the country, which occasions considerable 
 injury to the affairs of the King, as well as to 
 those of the Indians his majesty has been 
 pleased t:> order, and by these presents orders 
 are giver* in the name of the King, to all who 
 have established themselves on the lands upon 
 the Ouabache, whether at St. Vincent or else- 
 where, tD quit those countries without delay, 
 and to retire at their choice, into some one of 
 the colonies of bis majesty, where they will be 
 received and treated as the other subjects of 
 his majesty. Done and given at headquarters, 
 New York. Signed with our hand, sealed with 
 our seal at arms, and countersigned by our 
 secretary, this 8th of .April, 1772. By order of 
 the King. 
 
 "THOMAS GAGE. 
 "By His Excellency, G. Maturin, Sec." 
 
 It was this proclamation which drew forth 
 
 the protest and petition from the inhabitants 
 of Vincennes, to which reference was made 
 above, in which they claimed a seventy years' 
 tenure of their lands at "Old Post." 
 
 The ostensible grounds upon which this or- 
 der of Gen. Gage was issued were by nto means 
 the real reason for its promulgation. It was in 
 pursurance of a policy inaugurated in 1763, by 
 a proclamation from King George, which for- 
 bade his subjects from making any purchases 
 or settlements whatever, or taking possession 
 of any of the lands "beyond the sources of any 
 of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean 
 from the west or northwest," and at the sug- 
 gestion of the "English Board of Trad* and 
 Plantations," the British government took 
 measures to confine the English settlements in 
 America to such a distance from the seacoast 
 as that those settlements should be within the 
 reach of the trade and commerce of Great 
 Britain." In line with this policy the govern- 
 ment rejected the propositions of various per- 
 sons and companies who desired to establ'sh 
 colonies in the west. 
 
 The jealousy of the English people and gov- 
 ernment of their colonies was already mani- 
 festing itself in various oppressive policies and 
 measures designed to repress their growth and 
 confine the benefits of their commerce to the 
 English people. The nuclei furnished by the 
 French settlements within the imhibited terri- 
 tory provided a potent attraction to enterpris- 
 ing Englishmen and Americans to lead them in- 
 to infractions of the English policy, hence the 
 determination) to remove the French population. 
 No doubt the policy thus inaugurated would 
 have been carried out and the "Old Post" and 
 other French settlements depopulated but for 
 the fact that the events supervening gave the 
 English government all it could attend to and 
 more in the eastern section of its domain. 
 
 tion to get between them and the village, the Indians rushed upon them. The negroes escaped by taking 
 to the swamp: the other white man was killed and Bouchie captured after a brave resistance, which 
 resulted in his being beaten into insensibility. He was carried south, and when he recovered conscious- 
 ness was many miles away and on the west side of the Wabash. After several days march, during which 
 he was greatly maltreated', they reached an Indian village, where he became the special charge of aj 
 old squaw. He took pains to placate her and she soon became attached to him. Finally she came to Mm 
 one night with the announcement that the Indians in council had determined that he must die, and 
 token of it had buried their tomahawks in a tree. She bade him follow her and led the way 'to a 
 thicket, where she concealed him and where she promised to feed him. At dusk the next day she ap- 
 peared with the news that a white man had come to the camp and wanted to buy him. He returned 
 with her to camp to find a French trader on his way to Fort Mobile. He was duly delivered to the 
 trader, who later told him that he was on friendly terms with the Indians, and seeing their tomahawks 
 buried in the tree rightly interpreted the circumstance to mean that a white man was to be killed and 
 had determined to secure his release. This he had done at a cost of thirty horses. He conducted 
 Bouchie into the vicinity of an English fort and then disappeared. Bouchie was arrested as a spy by the 
 English and kept in confinement until the fort later fell into the hands of the French, when he made 
 his way back to Vincennes and married Mrs. Cardinal's daughter, residing here till his death, leaving 
 numero'us respectable descendants. I
 
 12 
 
 V1NUENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 U 
 
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 D 
 
 8 
 
 H 
 U 
 
 Croghan's Journal is authority for the state- 
 ment that "in 1765 the total number of French 
 families within the limits of the Northwestern 
 territory (comprising the settlements about De- 
 troit, those near the Wabash and the colony in 
 the neighborhood of Fort Chartres), did mot 
 
 probably exceed six hundred. Of these fami- 
 lies about eighty or ninety resided at Post Vin- 
 cennes." 
 
 Pursuant to a policy of conciliation adopted 
 toward its Canadian subjects with a view to 
 the approaching colonial troubles, and in re-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 13 
 
 sponse to a memorial presented by the inhabi- 
 tants of Quebec, the government of that colony 
 was made commensurate with its former boun- 
 daries under the French regime. This included 
 "all the upper countries, known under the 
 names of Michilimackinac, Detroit, and other 
 adjacent places as far as the Mississippi." And 
 thus the inhabitants of Vincennes again passed 
 under the government of the French (now ow- 
 ing allegiance to Great Britain) colony of Que- 
 bec. By an act of parliament, passed in 1774, 
 the British government guaranteed the French 
 inhabitants "the free exercise of their religion 
 and to the Catholic clergy those rigthts which 
 were agreeable to the articles of capitulation 
 at the time of the surrender of Canada and its 
 dependencies." The same act of parliament 
 removed from the French inhabitants the ob- 
 ligation of trial by jury in civil cases, to which 
 they exhibited a great antipathy. 
 
 Tthis act was viewed with alarm and jealousy 
 by the English colonists, who saw in it an ef- 
 fort to enlist the sympathies of the French sub- 
 jects of Great Britain in behalf of that country 
 in the event of war. And in fact their estimate 
 of its design and effect were by no means with- 
 out foundation, as the French colonists, in the 
 early days of the war, ardently supported the 
 British government, and we are told that "at 
 the French settlements northwest of the Ohio 
 Indian war parties were often supplied with 
 arms and ammunition and sent to assail the 
 western frontiers of the English colonies." 
 
 In 1775, Louis Viviat, a merchant of the Illi- 
 nois country, began negotiations with the Pian- 
 keshaw Indians for the purchase of two large 
 tracts of land lying on both side of the Wa- 
 bash, one north of Vincennes and reaching as 
 far south as "Point Coupee (about twelve 
 leagues above Post St. "Vincent," the other from 
 the "mouth of White river, where it empties it- 
 self Into the Wabash (about twelve leagues be- 
 low Post St. Vincent), then down the Ouabache 
 river, by the several courses thereof, until it 
 empties itself into the Ohio river/' These two 
 tracts were to extend on the Illinois side of the 
 river thirty leagues back and on the Indiana 
 side forty leagues "(the intedmediate space of 
 twemty-four leagues, or thereabouts, between 
 point Coupee and the mouth of the "White river 
 aforesaid, being reserved for the use of the in- 
 habitants of Post St. Vincent aforesaid, with 
 the same width or breadth on both sides of the 
 Ouabache river, as is hereby granted in the 
 
 two other several tracts of land above bound- 
 ed and described.)" 
 
 The negotiations conducted by Viviat were 
 on behalf of an association) called the "Wabash 
 Land Co.," and were conducted with eleven 
 Piankeshaw chiefs. A deed conveying this im- 
 mense and wealthy domain was eventually exe- 
 cuted and delivered, in consideration of "Four 
 hundred blankets, twenty-two pieces Stroud, 
 two hundred and fifty shirts, twelve gross of 
 star gartering, one hundred and twenty pieces 
 of ribbon, twenty-four pounds of vermillion, 
 eighteen pairs of velvet housings, one piece of 
 malton, fifty-two fusils, thirty-five dozen buck- 
 horn-handle knives, forty dozen couteau knives, 
 five hundred pounds of brass kettles, ten thous- 
 and gun flints, six hundred pounds of gun pow- 
 der, two thousand pounds of lead, four hun- 
 dred pounds of tobacco, forty bushels of salt, 
 three thousand pounds of flour, three horses; 
 also the following quantities of silver ware, 
 viz: Eleven very large armands, forty wrist- 
 bands, six wholemoons, six half moons, nine 
 ear wheels, forty-six large crosses, twenty-nine 
 hairpipes, sixty pairs of earbobs, twenty dozen 
 small crosses, twenty dozen nosecrosses and 
 one hundred and tem doz-en brooches, the re- 
 ceipt whtreof is hereby acknowledged," etc. 
 The lands which this deed purported to convey 
 for this trifling consideration amounted to no 
 less than 37,497,600 acres and worth to-day, at 
 a conservative estimate, leaving out of consider- 
 ation city and town valuations, $1,200,000,000. 
 The approach of hostilities between the colo- 
 nists and Great Britain soon after distracted 
 the attention) of the people from all matters of 
 this character and it was not until the year 1780 
 that further steps were taken in reference to 
 this grant. In that year the Wabasn Land 
 Company and the Illinois Land Company, an 
 association that had in a similar manner at- 
 tempted to grab large holdings in the Illinois 
 country, consolidated their interests under the 
 name of the "United Illinois and Wabash Land 
 Companies," and sought a confirmation of their 
 several grants at the hands of congress. TheL' 
 petitions were denied but they kept up the fight 
 for thirty years, until 1810; to no purpose, how- 
 ever, as congress refused to acknowledge the 
 validity and binding force of the grants. 
 
 In the month of May, 1777, in response to a 
 proclamation from Edward J. Abbott, British 
 commandant many of the inhabitants of Post 
 Vincennes took the oath of allegiance to Great
 
 14 
 
 VINCEXXES IX PICTURE AXD STORY 
 
 Britain. The oath taken was that prescribed 
 by the British parliament and is as follows: 
 
 "I, A. B., do sincerely promise and swear 
 true allegiance to His Majesty, King George, 
 and him will defend to the utmost of my power, 
 against all traitorous conspiracies, and attempts 
 whatsoever, which shall be made against his 
 person, crown or dignity; and I will do my ut- 
 most endeavors to disclose and make known 
 to his Majesty, his heirs and successors, all 
 treasons and traitorous conspiracies and at- 
 tempts, which I shall know to be against him 
 or any of them; and all this I do swear with- 
 out any equivocation, mental evasion or secret 
 reservation; and renouncing all pardons and 
 dispensations from any power or person to the 
 contrary. So help me God." 
 
 It was about this time that Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor Hamilton began to send from Detroit 
 messages and proclamations to the various 
 French trading posts within the territory north- 
 west of the Ohio river as well as to the various 
 Indian villages within the same territory, de- 
 signed to incite a border warfare against the 
 frontier settlers in Kentucky, Ohio and Penn- 
 sylvania. In these proclamations Governor 
 Hamilton offered rewards for scalps and gave 
 no encouragement to the Indians to bring in 
 prisoners. Hence, it often happened the In- 
 dians would take prisoners on their forays 
 and compel them to carry the plunder they 
 stole into the vicinity of the English post and 
 then tomahawk and scalp them in order to 
 claim the hellish reward. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 EXPEDITION OF COL. GEORGE ROGERS 
 CLARK. 
 
 In the spring and summer of 1778 was or- 
 ganized, chiefly in Kentucky, an expedition 
 fraught with the most important consequences 
 
 COL. GEORGE ROGERS CLARK 
 
 From an OifPainfing in Vincennes University Chapel. 
 
 to the country northwest of the Ohio, and in- 
 deed to the entire country in rebellion, and hav- 
 ing its culmination in the capture of Vin- 
 cennes by a small band of hardy frontiersmen, 
 after incredible suffering and hardship, under 
 the leadership of the gallant and daring Col. 
 George Rogers Clark.* 
 
 George Rogers Clark, a young man of 
 only 25 years, conceived the daring en- 
 terprise of marching through the wilder- 
 ness to Kaskaskia and Vincennes and captur- 
 ing those posts from the British, who he knew 
 to be responsible for the depredations from 
 which the frontier settlements had suffered so 
 greatly. Securing authority from Governor 
 
 *George Rogers Clark, the hero of this expedition, on whose valiant deeds rested the demands of 
 of the Americans for the cession of the territory northwest of the Ohio, comprising the States of Illi- 
 nois, Indiana and Michigan , was born in Albemarle County. Va., November 19, 1752. His middle name 
 was his mother's patronymic. He was of prominent family on both sides of the house, both the Clarks 
 and the Rogerses being people of wealth and influence. Several on both sides gained distinction in the 
 revolutionary war. One brother of George Rogers became a lieutenant colonel in the Continental armies. 
 The birthplace of George Rogers Clark was two miles east of Charlottsville, and one and a half miles 
 from Monticello, the home of Jefferson in later life, and two and a half miles northeast of Shadwell, 
 where Jefferson was born. They were doubtless playmates in boyhood, and certain it is that in later 
 life Jefferson retained the strongest attachment and friendship for Clark. Like the Father of his Coun- 
 try, young Clark became a surveyor, and in 1771, at 'the age of nineteen years, crossed the mountains for 
 the purpose of following his vocation and also with a view to locating some lands for himself. He lo- 
 cated a claim In Ohio, twenty-five or thirty miles below the present site of Wheeling, and spent sev- 
 eral years In its vicinity, making occasional visits home, carrying glowing accounts of the country, 
 which did much to induce immigration thither. Unconsciously he was fitting himself for the brilliant 
 career that was in store for him. The situation of the settlers In this part of the territory was very un- 
 satisfactory, owing to a doubt which existed as to whether or not they owed allegiance to, and were en- 
 titled to the protection of, the State of Virginia. To settle this point Clark, in 1776. agitated the ques- 
 tion and called a meeting at Harrodsburg. Ky. Clark was elected as one of two delegates to represent 
 the settlements in the Virginia House of Delegates. This was not exactly what Clark had had in mind, 
 but he determined to accept. The journey to Williamsburg. then capital of Virginia, began shortly after-
 
 YIXOEXXES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 15 
 
 Patrick Henry, of Virginia, to organize a force 
 and proceed according to bis proposed plan 
 Clark proceeded to Kentucky and began to re- 
 cruit bis force, leaving arrangements for a part 
 of his proposed army of 350 to be recruited 
 in Virginia. Almost every conceivable obstacle 
 presented itself to prevent realization of his 
 hopes. Of the four companies he expected from 
 Virginia but one arrived. On learning to what 
 region they were bound these deserted, almost 
 to a man. So that when he got ready to start 
 he could muster less than half the proposed 
 number. Nothing daunted, however, and with 
 a merve and determination such as mark the 
 truly great commander, he struck into the wil- 
 derness, headed for Kaskaskia. 
 
 Limitations of space forbid our giving an 
 account of the march of Col. Clark to Kas- 
 kaskia and its easy capture, 'however in- 
 teresting it would prove. It must suffice to 
 say that departing on the 24th of June, 1778, 
 he passed from Louisville down the Ohio 
 river, leavinig it at a point a short distance 
 above Fort Messac, which stood near the pres- 
 ent little city of Metropolis, 111.; that he se- 
 cured guides and made an uneventful march 
 across the country, arriving at Kaskaskia on 
 the evening of the Fourth of July, and by 
 
 great tract and address succeeded in getting his 
 men over the river and taking the British gar- 
 rison by surprise, while the inmates were 
 asleep. Quickly every resident of the town 
 was disarmed and precautions taken to pre- 
 vent an alarm being sent to neighboring vil- 
 lages, should the people of Kaskaskia be so 
 disposed. 
 
 With a great display of severity, Clark threw 
 a few of the leading citizens of the town into 
 irons and made threats of dire vengeance 
 against them should the people transgress his 
 regulations or show a disposition to aid the 
 English in any manner, and after he had, as 
 he conceived, worked them up to a feeling of 
 distress and fear sufficient for his purposes, he 
 appeared to relent, on the discovery that their 
 unfriendliness was due to false allegations and 
 misrepresentations on the part of the English. 
 He thus surprised them and gained their con- 
 fidence in a degree that amounted to enthusi- 
 asm. This served materially to strengthen his 
 hands in his approaching campaign against 
 Vincennes, as we shall see from his own ac- 
 count. The arrests were made on the morning 
 of the fifth of July.. Soon afterwards M. 
 Gibault, the village priest, accompanied by five 
 or six of his aged parishioners, appeared be- 
 
 ward, in company with his colleague. It led through rough and sparsely settled country, full of hostile 
 Indians. They arrived in November, to find the Legislature adjourned. Clark's colleague returned home 
 immediately, but Clark, determined to accomplish something toward the end for which he had come to the 
 capital, called upon the Governor, Patrick Henry. Governor Henry, though sick, received him graciously 
 and gave him an attentive hearing. Among the things Clark demanded was 500 pounds of gunpowder. 
 The Governor gave him a letter to the Executive Council, from whom he at first received a denial. By 
 a skillful combination of threats and diplomacy he finally carried his point and had the satisfaction of 
 delivering to his harrassed countrymen the powder they so much needed. At this time, though not 
 twenty-five years of age, Clark had already acquired so strong a hold upon the confidence, respect and 
 affections of the people of Kentucky that they looked to him as their natural leader in all matters of 
 public concern. 
 
 Clark and his colleague attended the next session of the Virginia Legislature, and, though denied seats 
 as members of that body, they were permitted to lay their business before it and succeeded in getting 
 their settlement erected" into the County of Kentucky. Clark early discovered that the troubles of the fron- 
 tier colonists were largely due to the commandants of the British posts in Illinois and Indiana, and de- 
 termined on their reduction, but kept his plans to himself. In the summer of 1777 he had sent two young 
 hunters as spies, with specific Instructions, to Kaskaskia, to learn the strength of the garrison and such 
 other information as would be of value, but without Imparting to them his designs. The information re- 
 ceived was most satisfactory and made Clark all the more anxious to undertake the enterprise. While 
 In attendance on the Legislature, in 1777. he used his eyes and ears to the best advantage aud finally, 
 at an opportune moment, laid his plans before Governor Henry. The latter was pleased with the 
 Idea and brought Clark's plan to the attention of the Council, where it was so warmly received that he 
 had little trouble In getting matters adjusted, and on the second day of January, 1778, he received his 
 "instructions, 1,200 Virginia paper currency, and an order on Pittsburg for boats, ammunition, etc." 
 
 After the events 'related in this narrative relative to the expedition against Kaskaskia and Vin- 
 cennes. Clark did further honorable service to his country, but seems to have been the subject of bitter 
 animosity and to have been frequently misunderstood and misrepresented, and It is a grief to relate that 
 he died at the home of a sister near Louisville, deprived of the rights his services to Virginia and 
 the whole country sholud have made them glad to grant him. Moneys withheld from him for many years 
 when he was a feeble, impoverished old man, were paid his heirs after his death. Retiring to a cabin 
 on his grant of lands north of the Ohio, near Louisville, In the platted town of Clarksville, he lived alone 
 for many years, save for occasional visits of old friends. Here, ft is pitiable to relate, he fell into habits 
 of great dissipation, and here when alone one day about the year 1808, he suffered a stroke of paralysis 
 and fell so near the fire that his left leg was burned to such an extent as to render its amputation 
 necessary. Though he lived for ten years after that date, he never walked again. His left leg gone 
 and his right one paralyzed, he was a helpless cripple. He was taken to the home of his sister, wife of 
 Major Craghan, near Louisville, where he spent the remainder of his life, dying February 13, 1818. It 
 is related that on the occasion of the amputation of his leg, anaesthetics being unknown, at the re- 
 quest of Clark music on drums and fifes was played, to which Clark kept time. When the music 
 ceased he asked, "Well, is it off?" having apparently been unconscious of the operation.
 
 16 
 
 VINCBNNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Photo by Shores. 
 
 VINCENNES ON A CIRCUS DAY. 3 Views at 2d and Main 
 
 fore Col. ' Clark and 
 stated that as the in- 
 habitants expected to 
 be separated, perhaps 
 never to meet again, it 
 was their desire that 
 habitants expected to be 
 meet at their church 
 and bid each other fare- 
 well. Disclaiming any 
 desire or intention to in- 
 terfere in any manner 
 with their religion or 
 worship. Clark gave 
 the permission sought, 
 but warned them not to 
 attempt to leave the vil- 
 lage. At the close of 
 the meeting a deputa- 
 tion headed by the 
 good priests again 
 waited upon Col. Clark. 
 They stated that "their 
 present situation was 
 the fate of war, and 
 that they could submit 
 to the loss of their prop- 
 erty, but they solicited 
 that they might not be 
 separated from their 
 wives and children, and 
 that some clothes and 
 provisions might be al- 
 lowed for their sup- 
 port." Feigning great 
 surprise at this prayer 
 of the affrighted popu- 
 lace, Clark exclaimed, 
 as he says in his me- 
 morial: "Do you mis- 
 take us for savages? I 
 am almost certain you 
 do from your language. 
 Do you think Ameri- 
 cans intend to strip 
 women and children 
 and take the bread 
 out of their mouths T' 
 "My countrymen," con- 
 tinued he, "disdain to 
 make war on helpless 
 innocence. It was 
 to prevent the hor- 
 rors of Indian butch-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 17 
 
 ery upon our wives and children that we have 
 taken arms and penetrated into this remote 
 stronghold of British and Indiani barbarity, and 
 not the despicable prospect of plunder. Now 
 that the King of France had united his power- 
 ful armies with those of America, the war 
 would not, in all probability, continue long, but 
 the inhabitants of Kaskaskia were at liberty 
 to take which side they pleased, without the 
 least danger to either their property or their 
 families. Nor would their religion be any 
 source of disagreement, as all religions were 
 regarded with equal respect in the eye of the 
 American law, and that any insult offered it 
 would be immediately punished. And now, to 
 prove my sincerity, you will please inform your 
 fellow citizens that they are quite at liberty 
 to conduct themselves as usual, without the 
 least apprehension. I am mow convinced, from 
 what I have learned since my arrival among 
 you. that you have been misinformed and pre- 
 judiced against us by the British officers; and 
 your friends who are in confinement shall be 
 immediately released." The result of this 
 stroke of policy on) the part of the brilliant 
 young officer was electric. The gloom that 
 had overspread the village was dissipated in an 
 instant; the news of the Franco- American 
 treaty, added to Clark's magnanimous conduct, 
 induced the imhabitants quickly to take the 
 oath of allegiance to the State of Virginia. 
 Their arms were restored to them and a volun- 
 teer company of French militia was immedi- 
 ately placed at Clark's disposal and accom- 
 panied Captain Bowman when he marched to 
 the capture of Cahokia. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 OLARK MAKES PREPARATIONS TO SE- 
 CURE YINCENNES. 
 
 "Post Vincennes never being out of my 
 mind," says Clark, "and from some things that 
 I had learned, I had some reason to suspect 
 that M.. Gibault, the priest, was inclined to the 
 American interest previous to our arrival in 
 the country. He had great influence over the 
 people at this period, and Post Vincennes was 
 under his jurisdiction. I made no doxibt of his 
 integrity to us. I sent for him und had a long 
 conference with him on the subject of Post 
 Vincennes. In answer to all my queries, he 
 informed me that he did mot think it worth my 
 while to cause any military preparation to be 
 made at the Falls of the Ohio for the attack 
 
 of Post Vincennes, although the place was 
 strong, and a great number of Indians in its 
 neighborhood, who, to his knowledge, were 
 generally at war that Governor Abbott had, 
 a few weeks before, left the place on some 
 business to Detroit that he expected that 
 whem the inhabitants were fully acquainted 
 with what 'had passed at the Illinois, and the 
 present happiness of their friends, and made 
 fully acquainted with the nature of the war, 
 that their sentiments would greatly change 
 that he knew that his appearance there would 
 have great weight, even among the savages 
 that if it was agreeable to me he would take 
 this business on himself, and had no doubt of 
 his being able to bring that place over to the 
 American interest without my being at the 
 trouble of marching against it that his busi- 
 ness being altogether spiritual, he wished that 
 another person might be charged with the 
 temporal part of the embassy, but that he 
 would privately direct the whole; and he named 
 Doctor Lafont as his associate. 
 
 "This was perfectly agreeable to what I had 
 been secretly aimimg at for some days. The 
 plan was immediately settled, and the two 
 doctors, with their intended retinue, among 
 whom I had a spy, set about preparing for 
 their journey and set out on the 14th of July, 
 with an address to the inhabitants of Post 
 Vincenes, authorizing them to garrison their 
 own town themselves, which would convince 
 them of the great confidence we put- in them, 
 etc. All this had its desired effect. Mr. 
 Gibault and his party arrived safe, and, after 
 spending a day or two in explaining matters 
 to the people, they universally acceded to the 
 proposal, (except a few emissaries left by Mr. 
 Abbott, who immediately left the country), 
 and went in a body to the church, where the 
 oath of allegiance was administered to them in 
 the most solemn manner. An officer was elect- 
 ed, the fort immediately garrisoned, and the 
 American flag displayed, to the astonishment 
 of the Indians, and everything settled far be- 
 yond our most sanguine hopes. The people 
 here began to put on a new face, and to talk 
 in a different style, and to act as perfect free- 
 men. With a garrison of their own, with the 
 United States at their elbow, their language 
 to the Indians was immediately altered. They 
 began as citizens of the United States, and in- 
 formed the Indians that their old father, the 
 King of France, was come to life again, an<7
 
 18 
 
 VIXCEXXES IX PICTURE AXD STORY 
 
 was mad at them for fighting for the English, 
 that they would advise them to make peace 
 with the Americans as soon as they could, 
 otherwise they might expect the land to be 
 very bloody, etc. The Indians began to think 
 seriously. Throughout the country this was 
 generally the language they got from their an- 
 cient friends of the Wabasli and Illinois. 
 
 "Through the means of their correspondence 
 spreading among the nations, our batteries be- 
 gan now to play in a proper channel. Mr. Gi- 
 bault and party, accompanied by several gentle- 
 men of Post Vincennes, returned to Kaskaskia, 
 
 POST OFFICE. Rural Carriers Ready to Start 
 
 about the first of August, with the joyful news. 
 During his absence on this business, which 
 caused great anxiety in me, (for without the 
 possession of the post all our views would 
 have been blasted), I was exceedingly engag- 
 ed in regulating things in the Illinois. The re- 
 duction of these posts was the period of the 
 enlistment of our troops. I was nt a great loss 
 at this time to determine how to act, and how 
 far I might venture to strain my authority. My 
 instructions were silent on many important 
 points, as it was impossible to fors'ee the 
 events that would take place. 
 
 "To abandon the country, and all the prospects 
 that opened to our view in the Indian depart- 
 
 ment at this tUne, for the want of instruction 
 in certain cases, I thought, would amount to a 
 reflection on government, as having no confi- 
 dence in me. I resolved to usurp all the author- 
 ity necessary to carry my points. I had the 
 greater part of our (troop) re-enlisted on a dif- 
 ferent establishment commissioned French of- 
 ficers in the country to command a company of 
 the young inhabitants; established a garrison 
 at Cahokia, commanded by Captain Bowman; 
 and another at Kaskaskia, commanded by Cap- 
 tain Williams. Post Vincennes remained in the 
 situation as mentioned. 
 
 "Col. William 
 Linn, who had ac- 
 companied us a 
 volunteer, took 
 charge of a party 
 that was to be 
 dis c h a r g e d on 
 their arrival at 
 the Falls, and or- 
 ders were sent 
 for the removal 
 of that post to 
 the mainland. 
 Captain John 
 Montgomery was 
 dispatched to 
 government with 
 letters. * * * I 
 again turned my 
 attention to Post 
 Vincennes. I 
 plainly saw that 
 It would be high- 
 ly necessary, to 
 have an Ameri- 
 can o tH c e r at 
 
 that post. Captain Leonard Helm appeared 
 calculated to answer my purpose; he was past 
 the meridian of life, and a good deal acquainted 
 with the Indian! (disposition). I sent him to 
 command at that post; and also appointed him 
 agent for Indiana affairs in the department of 
 the Wabash. * * * About the middle of August 
 he set out to take possession of his new com- 
 mand. 
 
 "An Indian chief called the Tobacco's Son, a 
 Piankeshaw, at this time resided in) a village 
 adjoining Post Vincennes. 
 
 "This mam was called by the Indians, 'The 
 Grand Door to the Wabash;' and as nothing of 
 consequence was to be undertaken by the
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 19 
 
 league om the Wabash without his assent, I dis- 
 covered that to win him was an object of sig- 
 nal importance. 
 
 "I sent him a spirited compliment by Mr. 
 Gibault; he returned it. I now by Captain 
 Helm, touched him on the same spring that I 
 had done the inhabitants, and sent a speech 
 with a belt of wampum; directing Captain 
 Helm how to manage, if the chief was pacific- 
 ally inclined, or otherwise. The captain arrived 
 safe at Post Vincennes, and was received with 
 acclamations by the people. After the usual 
 ceremony was over, he sent for the Grand 
 Door, and delivered my letter to him. After 
 having it read, 'he informed the captain that he 
 \\jas happy to see him, one of the Big Knife 
 chiefs, in- this town It was here that he had 
 joined the English against him; but as the 
 contents of the letter was a matter of great 
 moment, he could not give an answer for some 
 time that he must collect his counselors on 
 the subject; and was in hopes the captain 
 would be patient. 
 
 "In short, he put on all the courtly dignity that 
 he was master of; and Captain Helm, following 
 his example, it was several days before this 
 business was finished, as the whole proceeding 
 was very ceremonious. At length the captain 
 was incited to the Indian council, and informed 
 by the Tobacco that they had maturely con- 
 sidered the case in hand, and had got the 
 nature of the war between the English and us 
 explained to their satisfaction; that, as we 
 spoke the same language, and appeared to be 
 the same people, he always thought that he 
 was in the dark as to the truth of it; but now 
 the sky was cleared up; that he found that the 
 Big Knife was in the right: that perhaps, if the 
 English conquered, they would serve them in 
 the same manner they had intended to serve 
 us; that his ideas were quite changed; and that 
 he would tell all the people on the Wabash to 
 bloody the land no more for the English. He 
 jumped up, struck his breast, called himself a 
 man and a warrior, said that now he was a Big 
 Knife, and took Captain Helm by the hand. 
 His example was followed by all present, and 
 the evening was spent in merriment. Thus 
 ended this valuable negotiation, and the saving 
 of much blood. * * * In a short time, almost 
 the whole of the various tribes of the different 
 nations along the Wabash, as high as the 
 Ouiatenon, came to Post Vincennes and fol- 
 lowed the example of the Grand Door chief; 
 
 and as expresses were continually passing be- 
 tween Captain Helm and myself the whole 
 time of these treaties, the business was settled 
 to my satisfaction and greatly to the advantage 
 of the public. The British interest daily lost 
 ground in this quarter, and in a short time our 
 influence reached the Indians on the river St. 
 Joseph, and the border of Lake Michigan!. The 
 French gentleman at the different posts that 
 we now had possession of, engaged warmly in 
 our interest. They appeared to vie with each 
 other in promoting the business; and through 
 the means of their correspondence, trading 
 among the Indians, and otherwise, in a short 
 time, the Indians of the various tribes inhabit- 
 ing the region of Illinois, came in great num- 
 bers to Cahokia, in order to make treaties of 
 peace with us. From the information they gen- 
 erally got from the French gentlemen (whom 
 they implicitly believed) respecting us they 
 were truly alarmed; and, consequently, we 
 were visited by the greater part of them with- 
 out any invitation from us: of course we had 
 greatly the advantage, in making use of such 
 language as suited our (interest). Those treaties 
 which commenced about the last of August, 
 and continued between three and foiyr weeks, 
 were probably conducted in a way different 
 from any other known in America at that time. 
 I had been always convinced that our general 
 conduct with the Indians was wrong; that in- 
 viting them to treaties was considered by them 
 in a different manner to what we expected, and 
 imputed, by them, to fear; and that giving 
 them great presents confirmed it. I resolved 
 to guard against this, and I took great pains 
 to make myself acquainted fully with the 
 French and Spanish methods of treating In- 
 dians, and with the manners, gen'ius, and dis- 
 position of the Indians in general. As in this 
 quarter they had not been spoiled by us, I was 
 resolved that they should not be. I began the 
 business fully prepared, having copies of the 
 British treaties." 
 
 At the first great council, which was opened 
 at Cahokia, am Indian chief with a belt of peace 
 in his hand, advanced to the table at which 
 Colonel Clark was sitting; another chief, bear- 
 ing the sacred pipe of the tribe, went forward 
 to the table; and a third chief then advanced 
 with fire to kindle the pipe. When the pipe 
 was lighted it was figuratively presented to the 
 heavens, then to the earth, anfl then to all the 
 good spirits; thus invoking the heavens, the
 
 20 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 earth and all the good spirits to witness what 
 was about to be done. After the observance of 
 thes*e forms, the pipe was presented to Clark, 
 and afterward to every person present. An 
 Indian speaker then! addressed the Indians as 
 follows: "Warriors, you ought to be thankful 
 that the Great Spirit has taken pity on you, and 
 cleared the sky and opened your ears and 
 hearts, so that you may hear the truth. We 
 have been deceived by bad birds flying through 
 the land; but we will take up the bloody 
 hatchet no more against the Big Knife; and 
 
 existence as a nation, depended, etc., and dis- 
 missed them not suffering any of our people 
 to shake hands with them, as peace was not 
 concluded, telling them it was time enough to 
 give the hand when the heart could be given 
 also. They replied that 'such sentiments were 
 like men who had but onto heart, and did not 
 speak with a double tongue.' The next day I 
 delivered them the following speech: 'Men and 
 Warriors! pay attention to my words. You in- 
 formed me yesterday that the Great Spirit had 
 brought us together, and that you hoped, as He 
 
 POST-OFFICE, POSTMASTER AND EMPLOYES 
 
 we hope as the Great Spirit has brought us to- 
 gether for good, as He is good, that we may be 
 received as friends, and that the belt of peace 
 may take the place of the bloody belt." 
 
 "I informed them," says Clark, "that I had 
 paid attention to what they had said; and that 
 on the next day I would give them an answer, 
 when I hoped the ears and hearts of the peo- 
 ple would be open to receive the truth, which 
 should be spoken without deception. I advised 
 them to keep themselves prepared for the re- 
 sult of this day, on which perhaps their very 
 
 was good, that it would be for good. I have 
 also the same hope, and expect that each party 
 will strictly adhere to whatever may be agreed 
 upon whether it be peace or war and hence- 
 forward prove ourselves worthy the attention 
 of the Great Spirit. I am a man and a war- 
 rior not a counselor. I carry war in my 
 riglit hand, and in my left, peace. I am sent by 
 the great council of the Big Knife, and their 
 friends, to take possession of all the towns pos- 
 sessed by the English in this country; and to 
 watch the motions of the red people; to bloody
 
 YIXCEXXES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 21 
 
 the paths of those who attempt to stop the 
 river; but to clear the roads from us to those 
 who desire to be in peace, that the women and 
 children may walk in them without meeting 
 anything to strike their feet against. I am or- 
 dered to call upon the Great Fire for warriors 
 enough to darken the land, and that the red 
 people may hear no sound, but of birds who 
 live on blood. I know there is a mist before 
 your eyes. I will dispel the clouds, that you 
 may clearly see the cause of the war between 
 the Big Knife and the English; then you may 
 judge for yourselves which party is in the 
 right. And if you are warriors as you profess 
 to be, prove it by adhering faithfully to the 
 party which you shall believe to be entitled to 
 your friendship, and not show yourselves to the 
 squaws. 
 
 "The Big Knives are very much like the Red 
 People; they don't know how to make blankets, 
 and powder, and cloth. They buy these things 
 from the English from whom they are sprung. 
 They live by making corn, hunting arid trade, 
 as you and your neighbors, the French, do. 
 But the Big Knives, daily getting more numer- 
 ous, like the trees in the woods, the land be- 
 came poor, and hunting scarce; and having but 
 little to trade with, the women began to cry at 
 seeing their children naked, and tried to learn 
 how to make clothes for themselves. They soon 
 made blankets for their husbands and children 
 and tne men learned to make guns and powder. 
 In this way we did not want to buy so much 
 from the English. They then got mad with us 
 and sent strong garrisons through our country; 
 as you 'see they have done among you on the 
 lakes and among the French. They would not 
 let our women spin, nor oitr men make powder, 
 nor let us trade with anybody else. The Eng- 
 lish said we should buy everything from them; 
 and, since we had got saucy, we should pay two 
 bucks for a blanket, which we used to get for 
 one; we should do as they pleased; and they 
 killed some of our people to make the rest fear 
 them. This is the truth and the real cause of 
 the war between the English and us, which did 
 not take place for some time after this treat- 
 ment. But our women became hungry and 
 cold, and continued to cry. Our young men got 
 lost for want of counsel to put them in the 
 right path. The whole land was dark. The old 
 men held down their heads for shame, because 
 they could not see the sun; and thus there was 
 
 mourning for many years over the land. At 
 last the Great Spirit took pity on us, and kin- 
 dled a great council fire, that never goes out, 
 at a place called Philadelphia. He then stuck 
 uown a post and put a war tomahawk by it, 
 and went away. The sun immediately broke 
 out; the sky was blue again: and the old men 
 held up their heads and assembled at the fire. 
 They took up the hatchet, sharpened it, and 
 put it into the hands of our young men, ordered 
 them to strike the English as long as they 
 could find one on this side of the great waters. 
 The young men immediately struck the war 
 post and blood was shed. In this way the war 
 began; and the English were driven from one 
 place to another until they got weak, and then 
 they hired you Red People to fight for them. 
 The Great Spirit got angry at this, and caused 
 your old father, the French king, and other 
 great nations, to join the Big Knives and fight 
 with them against all their enemies. So the 
 English have become like deer in the woods; 
 and you may see that it is the Great Spirit that 
 has caused your waters to be troubled, because 
 you have fought for the people he was mad 
 with. If your women and children' should now 
 cry, you must blame yourselves for it and not 
 the Bi^ Knives. 
 
 "Yon can now judge who is in the right. I 
 have already told you who I am. Here is a 
 bloody belt and a white one; take which you 
 please. Behave like men; and don't let your 
 being surrounded by Big Knives, cause you to 
 take up the one belt with your hands while 
 your hearts take up the other. If you take the 
 bloody path, you shall leave the town> in safety, 
 and may go and join your friends the English. 
 We \vill then try, like warriors, who can put 
 the most stumbling blocks in each other's way, 
 and keep our clothes longest stained with 
 blood. If on the other hand you should take 
 the path of peace, and be received as brothers 
 to the Big Knives, with their friends, the 
 French, should you them listen to bad birds 
 flying through the land, you will no longer de- 
 serve to be counted as men, but as creatures 
 with two tongues that ought to be destroyed 
 without listening to anything you might say. 
 As I am convinced you never heard the truth 
 before, I do not wish you to answer before you 
 have taken time to counsel. We will, therefore, 
 part this evening; and when the Great Spirit 
 shall bring us together again, let us speak and
 
 22 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 think like men with but one heart and one 
 tongue. 
 
 "The n<ext day after this speech, a new fire 
 was kindled with more than usual ceremony: 
 
 paid great attention to what the Great Spirit 
 had put into my heart to say to them. They 
 believed the whole to be the truth; as the Big 
 Knives did not speak like amy other people 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 a, 
 
 c/3 
 
 z 
 
 E 
 
 h 
 
 z < 
 
 o- 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 an Indian speaker came forward and paid, 
 'they ought to be thankful that the Great 
 Spirit had taken pity on them, and opened their 
 ears and hearts to receive the truth.' He had 
 
 they had ever heard. They now saw they had 
 been deceived, and that the English had told 
 them lies, and that I had told them the truth 
 just as some of their old men had always told
 
 VINOBNNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 23 
 
 them. They now believed that we were in 
 the right; and as the English had forts in their 
 country, they might, if they got strong enough, 
 want to serve the Red People as they had 
 treated the Big Knives. The Red People ought, 
 therefore, to help us; and they had with a 
 cheerful heart taken up the belt of peace and 
 spurned that of war. They were determined 
 to iiold the former fast; and they would have 
 no doubt of our friendship from the manner of 
 our speaking so different from that of the 
 English. 
 
 "They would now call in their warriors and 
 throw the tomahawk into the river, where it 
 could never be found. They would suffer no 
 more bad birds to fly through the land, dis- 
 quieting the women and children. They would 
 be careful to smooth the roads for their 
 brothers, the Big Knives, whenever they might 
 wish to come to see them. Their friends should 
 hear of the good talk I had given them, and 
 they hoped I would send chiefs among them, 
 with my eyes, to see myself that they were 
 men, and strictly adhered to all they had said 
 at this great fire, which the Great Spirit had 
 kindled at Cahokia, for the good of all people 
 who would attend it." 
 
 The sacred pipe was again' kindled and pre- 
 sented, figuratively, to the heavens and the 
 earth and to all the good spirits, as a witness 
 of what they had done. The Indians and the 
 white men then closed the council, by smoking 
 the pipe and shaking hands. With no material 
 variation either of the forras that were ob- 
 served or of the speeches that were made, at 
 this council, Colonel Clark and his officers con- 
 cluded treaties of peace with the Piankeshaws, 
 Ouiatenons, Kickapoos, Illinois, Kaskaskias, 
 Peorias, and branches of some other tribes that 
 inhabited the country between Lake Michigan 
 and the Mississippi. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 VINCENNES CAPTURED BY GOV. HAMIL- 
 TONCLARK MAKES PREPARATIONS 
 TO MARCH AGAINST THE POST. 
 
 Clark had acquainted Governor Henry with 
 the happy result of his expedition against 
 
 Kaskaskia and the other settlements in the Illi- 
 nois. In view of the fact that the French in- 
 habitants of Kashaskia, Cahokia and Post 
 Vincennes had taken the oath of allegiance to 
 the State of Virginia, the legislative assembly 
 of that state, in October, 1778, passed an act 
 erecting the country northwest of the Ohio into 
 a county to be known as Illinois County, and 
 the governor was empowered to appoint a 
 county lieutenant or commander-in-chief, "dur- 
 ing pleasure, who shall appoint and commission 
 as many deputy commandants, militia officers 
 and commissaries as he shall think proper in 
 the different districts, during pleasure; all of 
 whom, before they enter into office, shall take 
 the oath of fidelity to this commonwealth, and 
 the oath of office, according to the form of 
 their own religion." Provision* was made for 
 the election of all necessary civil officers by the 
 inhabitants in their respective districts, for 
 which purpose they should be convened by the 
 county lieutenant or his deputy. 
 
 Before the provisions of this law were carried 
 into effect, Henry Hamilton, the British lieu- 
 tenant-governor of Detroit, collected a force 
 consisting of about thirty regulars, fifty French 
 volunteers and 400 Indians and passing down 
 the Wabash took possession of Post Vincennes 
 on the 15th of December, 1778, the inhabitants 
 of the town making no resistance and Captain 
 Helm being powerless. Captain Helm was de- 
 tained a prisoner and the French inhabitants 
 disarmed.* 
 
 Clark's position at Kaskaskia now became 
 perilous. Detached parties of hostile Indians 
 began to appear in the neighborhood of his 
 forces in the Illinois. Realizing his position, he 
 recalled Bowman from Cahokia to Kaskaskia, 
 and began a serious consideration of measures 
 to meet the exigencies of his situation. His 
 memoir now continues: 
 
 "I could see," says Clark, "but little proba- 
 bility of keeping possession of the country, as 
 my number of men were too small to stand a 
 siege, and my situation too reniote to call for 
 assistance. I made every preparation I pos- 
 sibly could for the attack and was necessitated 
 to set fire to some houses in town to clear them 
 
 *Butler's History of Kentucky relates the following anecdote as to what took place at the fort: 
 "When Governor Hamilton entered Vincennes there were hut two Americans there, Capt. Helm, the 
 commandant ond one Henry. The latter had a cannon well charged and placed in the open gate of 
 the fort, while Helm stood by with a lighted match in his hand. When Hamilton and his troops got 
 within nailing distance, the American officer, in a loud voice, called out 'Halt!' This stopped the move- 
 ments of Hamilton, who, in reply, demanded a surrender of the garrison. Helm exclaimed, with an 
 oath. 'No man shall enter until I know the terms." Hamilton answered, 'You shall have the honors of 
 war,' and then the fort was surrendered, with its garrison of one officer and one private."
 
 24 
 
 VINCENXES IN PICT ORE AND STORY 
 
 out of the way. But on the 29th of January, 
 1771), in the height of the hurry, a Spanish mer- 
 chant (Francis Vigo) who had been* at Post 
 Vincennes, arrived and gave the following in- 
 telligence: That Mr. Hamilton had weakened 
 himself by sending his Indians against the 
 frontiers, and to block up the Ohio; that he had 
 ntt more than eighty men in garrison, three 
 pieces of cannon and some swivels mounted; 
 that the hostile Indians were to meet at Post 
 Vincennes in the spring, drive us out of Illi- 
 nois and attack the Kentucky settlements, in a 
 body, joined by their southern friends; that all 
 the goods were taken from the merchants of 
 Post Vincennes for the king's use; that the 
 troops under Hamilton were repairing the fort, 
 and expected a reinforcement from Detroit in 
 the spring; that they appeared to have plenty 
 of all kinds of stores; that they were strict in 
 
 'Photo by Shores. 
 
 mediately make our way good to Kentucky we 
 were convinced that before we could raise a 
 force even sufficient to save that country, it 
 would be too late, as all the mem in it, joined 
 by the troops we had, would not be sufficient, 
 and to get timely succor from the interior was 
 out of the question. We saw but one alterna- 
 tive, which was to attack the enemy in their 
 quarters. If we were fortunate it would save 
 the whole. If otherwise, it would be nothing 
 more than what would certainly be the conse- 
 quence if we should not make the attempt. 
 
 "These and many other similar reasons, in- 
 duced us to resolve to attempt the enterprise, 
 which rnet with the approbation of every indi- 
 vidual belonging to us. 
 
 "Orders were immediately issued for prepara- 
 tions. The whole country took fire at the alarm, 
 and every order was executed with cheerful- 
 
 THE WE SEVEN 
 
 their diciplinte, but he did not believe they were 
 under much apprehension of a visit; and be- 
 lieved, that if we could get there undiscovered, 
 we might take the place. In short, we got 
 every information from this gentleman that we 
 could wish for, as he had had good opportuni- 
 ties and had taken great pains to inform him- 
 self with a design to give intelligence. 
 
 "We now viewed ourselves in a very critical 
 situation in a manner cut off from any inter- 
 course between us and the United States. We 
 knew that Governor Hamilton, in the spring, 
 by a junction of his northern and southern In- 
 dians, (which he had prepared for) would be 
 at the head of such a force that nothing in this 
 quarter could withstand his arms that Ken- 
 tucky must immediately fall: and well if the 
 desolation would end there. If we could im- 
 
 ness by every description of inhabitants pre- 
 paring provisions, encouraging volunteers, etc., 
 etc., and as we had plenty of stores, every man 
 was completely rigged with what he could de- 
 sire to withstand the coldest weather. * * * 
 To convey our artillery and stores, it was con- 
 cluded to send a vessel around by water, so 
 strong that she might force her way. A large 
 Mississippi boat was immediately purchased, 
 and completely fitted out as a galley, mounting 
 two four-pounders, and four large swivels. She 
 was manned by forty-six men under the com- 
 mand of Captain John Rogers.. He set sail on 
 the 4th of February, with orders to force his 
 way up the Wabash as high as W T hite river, and 
 to secrete himself until further orders: but if 
 he found himself discovered, to do the enemy 
 all the damage he could, without running too
 
 VINCENNES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 25 
 
 great a risk of losing his vessel, and not to 
 leave the river until he was out of hope of our 
 arrival by land. We had great dependence on 
 this galley. She was far superior to anything 
 the enemy could tit out without building a ves- 
 sel; and at the worst, it' we were discovered, 
 we could build a number of large pirogues, 
 such as they possessed, to attend her, and with 
 such a little fleet, perhaps, pester the enemy 
 very much; and if we saw it our interest, force 
 a lauding; at any rate it would be some time 
 before they could be a match for us on the 
 water. 
 
 "Everything being ready, on the 5th of Febru- 
 ary, after receiving a lecture and absolution 
 from the priest, we crossed the Kaskaskia 
 river with one hundred and seventy men 
 marched about three miles and encamped, 
 where we lay until the 7th, and set out. The 
 weather wet, but fortunately not cold for 
 the season, and a great part of the plains under 
 water several inches deep; it was difficult and 
 very fatiguing marching. My object now was 
 to keep the men in spirits. I suffered them to 
 shoot game on all occasions; and feast on it 
 like Indian war-dancers each company by 
 turns inviting the others to their feasts, which 
 was the case every night, as the company that 
 was to give the feast was always supplied with 
 horses to lay up a sufficient store of wild meat 
 in the course of the day myself and principal 
 officers putting on the woodsman now and then, 
 and running as much through the mud and 
 water as any of them. Thus, insensibly, with- 
 out a murmur, were those men led on to the 
 banks of the Little Wabash, which we reached 
 on the thirteenth through incredible difficulties, 
 far surpassing anything that any of us had 
 ^ver experienced. Frequently the diversions of 
 the night wore off the thoughts of the preced- 
 ing day. We formed a camp on a height which 
 we found on the bank of the river, and suffered 
 our troops to amuse themselves. I viewed this 
 sheet of water for some time with distrust, 
 without holding any consultation about it or 
 suffering anybody else to do so in my presence, 
 ordered a pirogue to be built immediately, and 
 acted as though crossing the water would be 
 only a piece of diversion. As but few could 
 work at the pirogue, at a time, pains were 
 taken to find diversion for the rest, to keep 
 them in spirits. * * * In the evening of the 
 14th. our little vessel was finished, manned, 
 and sent to explore the drowned lands on the 
 
 opposite side of the Little Wabash, with pri- 
 vate instructions what report to make, and, if 
 possible, to find some spot of dry land. They 
 found about half an acre, and marked the 
 trees irom thence back to camp, and made a 
 very favorable report. 
 
 "Fortunately, the 15th happened to be a 
 warm, moist day for the season. The channel 
 of the river where we lay was about thirty 
 yards wide. A scaffold was built on the oppo- 
 site shore (which was about three feet under 
 water) and our oaggage ferried across, and put 
 on it; our horses swam across, and received 
 their loads at the scaffold; by which time the 
 troops were also brought across, and we be 
 gan our march through the water. * * * 
 
 "By evening we found ourselves encamped 
 on a pretty height in high spirits; each party 
 laughing at the other, in consequence of some- 
 thing that had happened in the course of 'this 
 ferrying business,' as they called it. A little 
 antic drummer afforded them great diversion 
 by floating on his drum, etc. All this was 
 greatly encouraged; and they really began to 
 think themselves superior to other men, and 
 that neither the rivers nor the seasons could 
 stop their progress. Their whole conversation 
 now was concerning what they would do when 
 they got about the enemy. They now began to 
 view the main Wabash as a creek, and made 
 no doubt that such men as they were could 
 find a way to cross it. They wound themselves 
 up to such a pitch that they soon took Post 
 Yincennes, divided the spoils, and before bed- 
 time were far advanced on their route to De- 
 troit. All this was no doubt pleasing to tliose 
 of us who had more serious thoughts. * * * 
 
 "We were now convinced that the whole of 
 the low country on the Wabash was drowned, 
 and that the enemy could easily get to us, if 
 they discovered us, and wished to risk an 
 action; if they did not, we made no doubt of 
 crossing the river by some means or other. 
 Even if Captain Rogers, with our galley, did 
 not get to the station agreeable to his appoint- 
 ment, we flattered ourselves that all would be 
 well, and marched on in high spirits." 
 
 Here follows an extract from the manuscript 
 journal of Major Bowman: 
 
 "February Kith, 1770. .Marched all day 
 through rain and water. Crossed the Fur 
 River. Our provisions begin to be short. 
 
 "17th. Marched early: crossed several runs 
 very deep; sent Mr. Kernedy. our commissary,
 
 26 
 
 YINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 with three men, to cross river Embarrass, if 
 possible, and proceed to a plantation opposite 
 Post Vinicennes, in order to steal boats or 
 canoes to ferry us across the Wabash. About 
 an houv by sun, we got near the river Embar- 
 rass, found the country all overflown by water. 
 We strove to find the Wabash. Traveled till 
 eight o'clock in mud and water, but found no 
 place to encamp on. Still keep marching on, 
 but after some time Mr. Kernedy and his party 
 returned. Found it impossible to cross the 
 Embarrass River. We found the water falling 
 from a small spot of ground. Staid there the 
 remainder of the night. Drizzling and dark 
 weather. 
 
 'Photo by Townsley. 
 
 McCarty, with three of his men embarked in 
 the canoe, and made the next attempt to steal 
 boats; but he soon returned, having discovered 
 four large fires about a league distant from 
 our camp. They seemed to be the fires of 
 whites and Indians. Immediately Colomel Clark 
 sent two men in the canoe, down to meet the 
 galley, with orders to come on day and night 
 that being our last hope, and (we) starving. 
 Many of the men were much cast down, par- 
 ticularly the volunteers. No provision of any 
 sort, now two days. Hard fortune. 
 
 20th. Camp very quiet, but hungry. Some 
 almost in despair. Many of the Creole volun- 
 teers talking of returning. Fell to making 
 
 A KNOX COUNTY MELON FIELD. Planting Time 
 
 "18th At daybreak hear Governor Hamil- 
 ton's morning gun. Set off, and marched down 
 the river (Embarrass) saw some fine land. 
 About two o'clock, came to the bank of the 
 Wabash; made rafts for four men; to cross and 
 go up to town and steal boats; but they spent 
 the day and night in the water to no purpose; 
 for there was not one foot of dry land to be 
 found. 
 
 "19th. Captain McCarty's company set to 
 making a canoe; and at three o'clock the four 
 men returned, after spending the night on some 
 logs in the water. The canoe finished; Captain 
 
 more canoes, when about twelve o'clock^ our 
 sentry on the river brought. to a boat with five 
 Frenchmen from the fort, who told us we were 
 not yet discovered that the inhabitants were 
 well disposed to us, etc. * * * They informed 
 us of two canoes they had seen adrift some dis- 
 tance above us. Ordered that Captain Worth- 
 ington, with a party, go in search of them. 
 Returned late, with one only. One of our men 
 killed a deer, which was brought into camp; 
 very acceptably. 
 
 "21st. At break of day, began to ferry our 
 men over (the Wabash) in two canoes to a
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 27 
 
 small bill called the Mamelle. Captain 
 Williams, with two men, went to look for a 
 passage, and were discovered by two men in 
 a canoe, but could not fetch them to. The 
 whole army being over, we thought to get to 
 town that night, so plunged into the water, 
 sometimes to the neck, for more than one 
 league, when we stopped on a hill of the same 
 name there being no dry land on any side for 
 many leagues. Our pilots say we cannot get 
 along that it is impossible. The whole army 
 being over, we encamped. Rain all this day. 
 No provisions." 
 
 The Memoir of Clark proceeds: "This last 
 day's march through the water, was far 
 superior to anything the Frenchmen had any 
 idea of. They were backward in speaking 
 said that the nearest land to us was a small 
 league called Sugar Camp, on the bank of the 
 river (?). A canoe was sent off, and returned 
 without finding that we could pass. I went in 
 her myself, and sounded the water, found it 
 deep as to my neck. I returned 'with a design 
 to have the men transported on board the 
 canoes to the Sugar Camp, which I knew would 
 spend the whole day and ensuing night, as the 
 vessels would pass slowly through the bushes. 
 The loss of so much time, to men half starved, 
 was a matter of consequence. I would have 
 given now, a great deal for a day's provision, 
 or for one of our horses. I returned but slowly 
 to the troops, giving myself time to think. On 
 our arrival, all ran to hear what was the re- 
 port. Every eye was fixed on me. I unfortun- 
 ately spoke in a serious manner to one of the 
 officers; the whole were alarmed without know- 
 ing what I said. I viewed their confusion for 
 about one minnite whispered to those near me 
 to do as I did; immediately put some water in 
 my hand, poured on powder, blackened my 
 face, gave the war whoop, and marched into 
 the water without saying a word. The party 
 gazed, and fell in, one after another, without 
 saying a word, like a flock of sheep. 
 
 "I ordered those near me to begin a favorite 
 song of theirs; it soon passed through the line 
 and the whole went on cheerfully. I now in- 
 tended to have them transported across the 
 deepest part of the water; but when about 
 waist deep, one of the men informed me that 
 he felt a path. We examined, and found it so; 
 and concluded that it kept on the highest 
 ground, which it did; and by taking pains to 
 follow it we got to Sugar Camp without the 
 
 least difficulty, where there was about an acre 
 of dry ground, at least not under water, where 
 we took up our lodging. 
 
 "The Frenchmen that we had taken on the 
 river appeared to be uneasy at our situation. 
 They begged that they might be allowed to go 
 in the two canoes to towm in the night. They 
 said that they would bring from their own 
 houses provisions, without a possibility of any 
 persons knowing it; that some of our men 
 should go with them, as a security of their 
 good conduct; that it was impossible we could 
 march from that place till the water fell, for 
 the plain was too deep to march. Some of the 
 (officers) believed that it might be done. I 
 would not suffer it. I never could well account 
 for this piece of obstinacy, and give satis- 
 factory reasons to myself, or to anybody else, 
 why I denied a proposition apparently so easy 
 to execute, and of so much .advantage; but 
 something seemed to tell me that it should not 
 be done, and it was not done. 
 
 "The most of the weather that we had on 
 this march, was moist and warm, for the sea- 
 son. This was the coldest niight we had. The 
 ice, in the morning, was found one-half to 
 three-quarters of an inch thick, near the shores, 
 and in still water. The morning was the finest 
 we had on our march. A little after sunrise 
 I lectured the whole.. What I said to them I 
 forget; but it may be easily imagined by a per- 
 son that could possess my affections for them 
 at that time. I concluded by informing them 
 that passing the plain that was then in full 
 view, and reaching the opposite woods, would 
 put an end to their fatigue that in a few 
 hours they would have a sight of their long- 
 wished-for object and immediately stepped 
 into the water without waiting for any reply. 
 A huzza took place. As we generally marched 
 through the water in a line, before the third 
 entered, I halted and called to Major Bowman, 
 ordering him to fall In the rear with twenty- 
 five men and put to death any man who refused 
 to march, as we wished to have no such person 
 among us. The whole gave a cry of approba- 
 tion, and on) we went. This was the most try- 
 ing of all the difficulties we had experienced. 
 I generally kept fifteen or twenty of the strong- 
 est men next myself; and judged by my own 
 feelings what must be that of others. Getting 
 about the middle of the plain the water about 
 middeep, I found mysolf sensibly failing, and 
 as there were no trees nor bushes for the men
 
 28 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 to support themselves by, I feared that many 
 of the most weak would be drowned. I ordered 
 the canoes to make the land, discharge their 
 loading, and play backward and forward with 
 all diligence, and pick up the men; and to en- 
 courage the party, sent some of the strongest 
 men forward with orders, when they got to a 
 certain distance, to pass the word backward 
 that the water was getting shallow, and when 
 getting near the woods to cry out 'Land.' This 
 
 built fires. Many would reach the shore and 
 fall with their bodies half in the water, not be- 
 ing aole to support themselves without it. 
 
 This was a delightful dry spot of ground of 
 about ten acres. We soon found that the fires 
 answered no purpose; but that two strong men 
 taking a weaker one by the arms was the only 
 way to recover him and being a delightful day 
 it soon did. But fortunately, as if designed by 
 Providence, a canoe of Indian squaws and chil- 
 
 KNOX COUNTY BAR 
 
 stratagem had its desired effect. The men, en- 
 couraged by it, exerted themselves almost be- 
 yond their abilities the weak holding by the 
 stronger. * * * The water never got shallower, 
 but continued deepening. Getting to the woods, 
 where the men expected land, the water was 
 up to my shoulders; but gaining the woods 
 was of great consequence. All the low men. 
 and the weakly, hung to the trees and floated 
 on old logs, until they were taken off by the 
 canoes. The strong and tall got ashore and 
 
 dren was coming up to town, and took through 
 part of this plain as a nigh way. It was dis- 
 covered by our canoes as they were out after 
 the men. They gave chase and took the Indian 
 canoe, on board of which was near half a quar- 
 ter of a buffalo, some corn, tallow, kettles, etc. 
 This was a grand prize and was invaluable. 
 Broth was immediately made and served out 
 to the most weakly, with great care; most of 
 the whole got a little; but a great many gave 
 their part to the weakly, jocosely saying
 
 VIXCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 29 
 
 something cheering to their comrades. This 
 little refreshment and tine weather, by the 
 afternoon, gave new life to the whole. Cross- 
 ing a narrow, deep lake, in the canoes, and 
 marching some distance, we came to a copse of 
 timber called the Warrior's Island * We were 
 now in full view of the fort and town, not a 
 shrub between us, at about two miles' dis- 
 tance. Every man now feasted his eyes, and 
 forgot that he had suffered anything saying 
 that all that had passed was owing to good 
 policy, and nothing but what a man could bear; 
 and that a soldier had no right to think, etc. 
 passing from one extreme to another, which 
 is common in such cases. It was now we had 
 to display our abilities. The plain between us 
 and the town was not a perfect level. The 
 sunken grounds were covered with water full 
 of ducks. We observed several men out on 
 horseback, shooting them, about half a mile 
 from us; and sent out as many of our young 
 Frenchmen to decoy and take one of them 
 prisoner, in such a manner as not to alarm the 
 others, which they did. The information which 
 we got from this person, was similar to that 
 which we had got from those we took on the 
 river, except that of the British having com- 
 pleted the wall of the fort, and that there was 
 a good many Indians in town. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 CLARK CAPTURES THE OLD POST. 
 
 '"Our situation was now truly critical and 
 in) full view of a town that had, at this time 
 upward of six hundred men in it, troops, in- 
 habitants and Indians. The crew of the galley, 
 though not fifty men, would have been now a 
 reinforcement of immense magnitude to our 
 little army (if I may so call it), but we would 
 not think of them. We were now in the sit- 
 uation I had labored to get ourselves in. The 
 idea of being made prisoners was foreign to 
 almost every man, as they expected nothing 
 but torture from the savages, if they fell into 
 their nands. Our fate was now to be determ- 
 ined, probably in a few hours. W^ knew that 
 nothing but the most daring conduct would In- 
 sure success. I knew that a number of the in- 
 habitants wished us well that many were 
 lukewarm to the interest of either and I also 
 learned that the grand chief, the Tobacco's 
 son, had, but a few days before, openly de- 
 
 clared, in council with the British, that he was 
 a brother and friend to the Big Knives. These 
 were favorable circumstances, and as there 
 was but litle probability of our remaining un- 
 til dark undiscovered, I determined to begin 
 the career immediately, and wrote the follow- 
 ing placard to the inhabitants: 
 
 " 'TO THE INHABITANTS OF POST VIN- 
 CENNES Gentlemen: Being now within two 
 miles of your village, with my army, determ- 
 ined to take your fort this night, and not being 
 willing to surprise you, I take this method to 
 request such of you as are true citizens, and 
 willing to enjoy the liberty I bring you, to re- 
 main still in your houses :and those, if any 
 there be, that are friends to the king, will in- 
 stantly repair to the fort, and join the hair- 
 buyer general, and fight like men. And if any 
 such as do not go to the fort, shall be discov- 
 ered afterward, they may depend on severe 
 punishment. On the contrary, those who are 
 true friends to liberty may depend on being 
 well treated; and I once more request them 
 to keep out of the streets. For every one I 
 find in arms on my arrival, I shall treat him 
 as an enemy. 
 
 (Signed) 'G. R. CLARK.' 
 
 "I had various ideas on the supposed results 
 of this letter. I knew that it could do us no 
 damage; but that it would cause the lukewarm 
 to be decided, encourage our friends and as- 
 tondsh our enemies.* * * We anxiously viewed 
 this messenger until he entered the town, and 
 in a few minutes could discover by our glasses 
 some stir in every street that we could pene- 
 trate into, and great numbers runndng or riding 
 out into the commons, we supposed to view us, 
 which was the case. But what surprised us 
 was that nothing had yet happened that had 
 the appearance of the garrison being alarmed 
 no drum nor gun. We began to suppose that 
 the information we got from our prisoners was 
 false, and that the enemy already knew of 
 us and were prepared.* * * A little before 
 sunset we moved and displayed ourselves in 
 full view of the town crowds gazing at us. 
 We were plunging ourselves into certain de- 
 struction, or success. There was no midway 
 thought of. We had but litle to say to our 
 men, except inculcating an idea of obedience, 
 etc. We knew they did not want encouraging, 
 and that anything might be attempted with 
 
 *This island was undoubtedly what is now familiarly known as "Bunker Hill."
 
 30 
 
 VINCENXES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 them that was possible with such a number 
 perfectly cool, under subordination, pleased 
 with the prospect before them, and much at- 
 tached to their officers. They all declared that 
 they were convinced that an implicit obedience 
 to orders was the only thing that would insure 
 success, and hoped that no mercy would be 
 shown the person that should violate them. 
 Such language as this, from soldxers in, our sta- 
 tion must have been exceedingly agreeable. We 
 
 Fftoto by Shores 
 
 best of advantage, and as the low plain we 
 marched through was not a perfect level, but 
 had frequent raisings in it seven or eight feet 
 higher than the common level, (which was cov- 
 ered with water), and as these raisings gen- 
 erally run in an oblique direction to the town, 
 we took the advantage of one of them, march- 
 ing through the water under it, which com- 
 pletely prevented our being numbered. But 
 our colors showed considerably above the 
 
 POST H., T. P. A., BASE BALL TEAM 
 
 moved on slowly in full view of the town, but, 
 as it was a point of some consequence to us to 
 make ourselves appear as formidable, we, in 
 leaving the covert that we were in, marched 
 and countermarched in such a manner that we 
 appeared numerous. In raising volunteers in 
 the Illinois, every person that set ' about the 
 business had a set of colors given him. which 
 they brought with them to the amount of ten 
 or twelve pairs. These were displayed to the 
 
 heights, as they were fixed on long poles pro- 
 cured for the purpose, and at a distance, made 
 no despicable appearance, and as our young 
 Frenchman had, while we lay on the Warrior's 
 Island, decoyed and taken several fowlers, with 
 their horses, officers were mounted on these 
 horses, and rode about more completely to de- 
 ceive the enemy. In this manner we moved, 
 and directed our march in such a way as to 
 suffer it to be dark before we had advanced
 
 VINUEXXES IX PICTURE AXD STORY 
 
 31 
 
 more than half way to the town. We then 
 suddenly altered our direction, and crossed 
 ponds where they could not have suspected us, 
 and about eight o'clock gained the heights back 
 of the town. As there was yet no hostile ap- 
 pearance, we were impatient to have the cause 
 unriddled. Lieutenant Bayley was ordered, 
 with fourteen) men to march and fire on the 
 fort. The main body moved in a different di- 
 rection, and took possession of the strongest 
 part of the town. 
 
 "The firing now commenced on the fort, but 
 they did not believe it was an enemy, until one 
 one of their mem was shot down through a port, 
 as drunken Indians frequently saluted the fort 
 after night. The drums were sounded, and bus- 
 iness fairly commenced on both sides. Reip- 
 forcement were sent to the attack of the garri- 
 son", while other arrangements were makinig in 
 town. * * * We now found that the garrison 
 had known nothing of us; that, having finished 
 the fort that evening, they had amused them- 
 selves at different games, and had just retired 
 before my letter arrived, as it was near roll 
 call. The placard beinig made public, many of 
 the inhabitants were afraid to show themselves 
 out of the houses for fear of giving offence, and 
 not one dare give information.* 
 
 "Our friends flew to the commons or other 
 convenient places to view the pleasing sight. 
 This was observed from the garrison, and the 
 reason asked, but a satisfactory excuse was 
 given, and as a part of the town lay between 
 our line of march and the garrison, we could 
 not be seen by the sentinels on the walls. Cap- 
 tain W. Shannon and another being some time 
 before taken prisoners by one of their (scout- 
 inig parties), and that evening brought in, the 
 party had discovered at the sugar camp some 
 signs of us. They supposed it to be a party 
 of observation that intended to land on the 
 hight some distance below the town. Captain 
 ^amotte was sent to intercept them. It was 
 at him the people said they were looking, when 
 they were asked the reason for their unusual 
 stir. Several suspected persons had been taken 
 to the garrison: among them was Mr. Moses 
 Henry. Mrs. Henry went under the pretense 
 of carrying him provisions, and whispered him 
 the news and what she had seen. Mr. Henry 
 conveyed it to the rest of his fellow prisoners, 
 
 which gave them much pleasure, particularly 
 Captain Helm, who amused himself very much 
 during the seige, and I believe, did much dam- 
 age. 
 
 "Ammunition was scarce with us, as the 
 most of our stores had been put on board of 
 the Galley. Though her crew was but few, 
 such a reinforcement to us, at this time, would 
 have been invaluable in many instances. But 
 fortunately at the time of its being reported 
 that all of the goods in the town were to be 
 taken for the king's use (for which the own- 
 ers were to receive bills), Colonel LeGras, Ma- 
 jor Bosseran, and others, had buried the great- 
 est part of their powder and ball. This was 
 immediately produced, and we found ourselves 
 well supplied by those gentlemen. 
 
 "The Tobacco's son, being in town with a 
 number of warriors, immediately mustered 
 them and let us know he wanted to join us, 
 saying that by the morniing he would have a 
 hundred men. He received for answer that we 
 would counsel on the subject in the morning; 
 and as we knew that there were a number of 
 Indians in and near the town, that were our 
 enemies, some confusion might happen if our 
 men should mix in the dark; but hoped that 
 we might be favored with his counsel and 
 company during the night which was agree- 
 able to him. 
 
 "The garrison was soon) completely surround- 
 ed, and the firing continued without intermis- 
 sion (except about fifteen minutes a little be- 
 fore day), until about nine o'clock the follow- 
 ing morning. It was kept up by the whole of 
 the troops joined by a few young mem of the 
 town who got permission, except fifty men kept 
 as a reserve. * * * I had made myself ful- 
 ly acquainted with the situation of the fort 
 and town, and the parts relative to each. The 
 cannon of the garrison was on the upper floors 
 of strong blockhouses, at each angle of the 
 fort, eleven; feet abore the surface, and the 
 ports so badly cut that many of our troops lay 
 under the fire of them within twenty or thirty 
 yards of the walls. They did no damage, ex- 
 cept to the buildings of the town, some of 
 which they much shattered, and their mus- 
 ketry, employed against woodsmen, covered by 
 houses, palings, ditches, the banks of the river, 
 etc., was but of little avail, and did no injury 
 
 *"The town immediately surrendered with joy, and assisted nt the siege." Letter, dated Kaskaskia, III. 
 April 29, 1779. from Colonel Clark to the Governor of Vii-j*inia.J
 
 32 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 to us except wounding a man 1 or two. As we 
 could not afford to lose men, great care was 
 taken to preserve them sufficiently covered, 
 and to keep up a hot fire in order to intimidate 
 
 they were opened, that men could not stand to 
 the guns seven or eight of them in a short 
 time got cut down. Our troops would frequent- 
 ly abuse the enemy in order to aggravate them 
 
 the enemy as well as to destroy them. The 
 embrasures of their cannon were frequently 
 shut, for our riflemen, finding the true direc- 
 tion of them, would pour in such volleys when 
 
 to open their ports and fire their cannon, that 
 they might have the pleasure of cutting them 
 down with their rifles, fifty of which, perhaps, 
 would be leveled the moment the port flew
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 33 
 
 open; and I believe that if they had stood at 
 their artillery, tln> greater part of them would 
 have been destroyed in the course of the night, 
 as the greater part of our men lay within thirty 
 yards of the walls; and in a few hours were 
 covered equally to those within the walls, and 
 much more experienced in that mode of fight- 
 ing. * * * Sometimes an irregular fire, as 
 hot as possible, from different directions was 
 kept up for a few minutes, and then only a 
 continual scattering fire at the ports as usual, 
 and a great noise and laughter immediately 
 commenced in different parts of the 
 town by the reserved parties, as if they 
 had only fired on the fort a few minutes for 
 amusement, and as if those continually firing 
 at the fort were only regularly relieved. Con- 
 duct similar to this kept the garrison' constant- 
 ly alarmed. They did not know what moment 
 they might be stormed or (blown up), as they 
 could plainly discover that we had thrown >ip 
 some intrenchments across the streets, and ap- 
 peared to be frequently very busy under the 
 bank of the river which was within thirty feet 
 of the walls. The situation of the magazine 
 we knew well. Captain Bowman began some 
 works in order to blow it up in case our ar- 
 tillery shouM arrive, but as we knew that we 
 were daily liable to be overpowered by the 
 numerous bands of Indians on ths river, in 
 case they had again joined the enemy (the cer- 
 tainty of which we were acquainted with), we 
 resolved to lose no time, but to get the fort 
 in our possession as soon as possible. If the 
 vessel did not arrive before the ensuinig night, 
 we resolved to undermine the fort, and fixed on 
 the spot and plan of executing this work, 
 which we intended to commence the next day. 
 The Indians of different tribes that were 
 iminical. had left the town and neighborhood. 
 Captain Lamotte continued to hover about it, 
 in order, if possible, to make his way good in- 
 to the fort. Parties attempted in vain to sur- 
 prise him. A few of his party were taken, one 
 of which was Maisonville, a famous Indian 
 partisan. Two iads that captured him, tied 
 him to a post in the street and fought from 
 behind him as a breastwork supposing that 
 the enemy would not fire at them for fear of 
 killing him. as he would alarm them by his 
 voice. The lads were ordered, by an officer 
 who discovered them at their amusement, to 
 untie their prisoner and take him off to the 
 guard, which they did; but were so inhuman 
 
 as to take part of his scalp on the way. There 
 happened to be no other damage. As almost 
 the whole of the persons who were most ac- 
 tive in the department of Detroit, were either 
 in the fort or with Captain Lamotte, I got ex- 
 tremely uneasy for fear that he would not fall 
 into our power knowing that he would go off 
 if he could not get into the fort in the course 
 of the night. Finding that, without some un- 
 forseen accident, the fort must inevitably be 
 ours, and that a reinforcement of twenty men, 
 although considerable to them, would not be 
 of great moment to us in the present situation 
 of affairs, and knowing that we had weaken- 
 ed them by killing or wounding many of their 
 gunners, after some deliberation we concluded 
 to risk the reinforcement in) preference of his 
 going again among the Indians; the garrison 
 had at least a month's provision, and if they 
 could hold out, in the course of that time he 
 might do us much damage. A little before day 
 the troops were withdrawn from their positions 
 about the fort, except a few parties of observa- 
 tion, and the nring totally ceased. 
 
 "Orders were given, in) case of Lamotte's ap- 
 proach, not to alarm or fire on him, without a 
 certainty of killing or taking the whole. In 
 less than a quarter of an hour he passed with- 
 in ten feet of an officer and a party that lay 
 concealed. Ladders were flung over to them, 
 and as they mounted them our party shouted. 
 Many of them fell from the top of the walls 
 some within), and others back; but as they 
 were not fired on, they all got over much to 
 the joy of their friends. But, on considering 
 the matter, they must have been convinced 
 that it was a scheme of ours to let them in, 
 and that we were so strong as to care but lit- 
 tle about them or the manner of their getting 
 into the garrison. * * * The firing imme- 
 diately commented on both sides with double 
 vigor, and I believe that more noise could not 
 have been made by the same number of men 
 their shouts could not be heard for the fire- 
 arms, but a continual blaze was kept around 
 the garrison, without much being done until 
 about daybreak, when our troops were drawn 
 off to posts prepared for them, about sixty or 
 seventy yards from the fort. A loophole then 
 could scarcely be darkened, but a rifle ball 
 would pass through it. To have stood to their 
 cannon would have destroyed their men, with- 
 out a probability of doing much service. Our 
 situation was nearly similar. It would have
 
 34 
 
 VINCENXES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 been imprudent in either party to have wasted 
 their men, without some decisive stroke re- 
 quired it. 
 
 "Thus the attack continued until about nine 
 o'clock of the twenty-fourth. Learning that 
 the two prisoners they had brought in the day 
 before had a considerable number of letters 
 with them. I supposed it an express that we 
 expected about this time, which I knew to be 
 of the greatest moment to us, as we had not 
 received one since our arrival in the country 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 impending storm that now threatens you, I or- 
 der you immediately to surrender yourself, 
 with all your garrison, stores, etc., etc. For 
 if I am obliged to storm, you may depend on 
 such treatment as is justly due a murderer. 
 Beware of destroying stores of any kind, or 
 any papers or letteis that are in your possess- 
 ion, or hurting one house' in town for, by 
 heavens! if you do, there shall be no mercy 
 shown you. 
 (Signed) G. R. CLARK." 
 
 BICYCLE RACES THE START 
 
 and not being fully acquainted with the char- 
 acter of our eniemy, we were doubtful that 
 those papers might be destroyed to prevent 
 which, I sent a flag (with a letter) demanding 
 the garrison.." 
 
 Following is a copy of the letter which was 
 addressed by Colonel Clark to Lieutenant 
 Governor Hamilton on this occasion: 
 
 "Sir: In order to save vourself from the 
 
 The British commandant immediately re- 
 turned the following answer: 
 
 " 'Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton begs leave 
 to acquaint Colonel Clark, that he and his gar- 
 rison are not disposed to be awed into any 
 action unworthy British subjects.' 
 
 "The firing then commenced warmly for a 
 considerable time, and we were obliged to be 
 careful in preventing our men from exposing
 
 VINCEXNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 35 
 
 themselves too much, as they were now much 
 animated having been refreshed during the 
 flag. They frequently mentioned their wishes 
 to storm the place and put an end to the busi- 
 ness at once. * * * The firing was heavy 
 through any crack that could be discovered in 
 any part of the fort. Several of the garrison 
 got wounded, and no possibility of standing 
 near the embrasures. 
 
 'Toward the evening a flag appeared with 
 the following proposals: 
 
 " 'Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton proposes to 
 Colonel Clark a truce for three days, during 
 which time he promises there shall be no de- 
 fensive works carried on in the garrison, on 
 condition that Colonel Clark shall observe, on 
 his part, a like cessation of any defensive 
 work: that is, he wishes to confer with Colonel 
 Clark as soon as can be, and promises that 
 whatever may pass between them two, and 
 another person, mutually agreed upon to be 
 present, shall remain secret till matters be fin- 
 ished, as he wishes that whatever the result 
 of the conference may be, it may tend to honor 
 and credit of each party. If Colonel Clark 
 makes a difficulty of coming into the fort, Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor Hamilton will speak to him 
 by Ihe gate. 
 
 (Signed) HENRY HAMILTON. 
 
 24th February. 1179.' 
 
 "I was at a great loss to conceive what rea- 
 son Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton could have 
 for wishing a truce of three days, on such 
 terms as he proposed. Numbers said it was a 
 scheme to get me into their posession. I had 
 a different opinion, and no idea of his possess- 
 ing such sentiments; as an act of that kind 
 would infallibly ruin him. Although we had 
 the greatest reason to expect a reinforcement 
 in less than three days, that would at. once put 
 an end to the siege, I yet did not think it pru- 
 dent to agree to the proposals, and sent the 
 following answer: 
 
 " 'Colonel Clark's compliments to Lieutenant- 
 Governor Hamilton, and begs leave to inform 
 him that he will not agree to any terms other 
 than his surrendering himself and garrison 
 prisoners at discretion. If Mr. Hamilton is 
 desirous of a conference with Colonel Clark, he 
 will meet him at the church, with Captain 
 Helm. 
 
 (Signed) G. R. CLARK.' 
 
 February 24th, 1779.' 
 
 "We met at the church, about eighty yards 
 
 from the fort, Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton, 
 Major Hay, Superintendent of Indian affairs, 
 Captain Helm, their prisoner, Major Bowman 
 and myself. The conference began. Hamil- 
 ton produced terms of capitulation 1 , signed, that 
 contained various articles, one of which was 
 that the garrison should be surrendered on 
 their being permitted to go to Pensacola on 
 parole. After deliberating on every article, I 
 rejected the whole. He then wished that 1 
 would make some proposition. I told him 
 that I had no other to make than what I had 
 already made that of his surrendering as pris- 
 oners at discretion. I said that his troops had 
 behaved with spirit that they could not sup- 
 pose that they would be worse treated in con- 
 sequence of it that if he chose to comply with 
 the demand, though hard, perhaps, the sooner 
 the better that it was in vain to make any 
 proposition to me that he, by this time, must 
 be sensible that the garrison would fall; that 
 both of us must (view) all blood spilt for the 
 future, by the garrison, as murder; that my 
 troops were already impatient anid called aloud 
 for permission to tear down and storm the 
 fort, if such a step was taken, many, of course, 
 would be cut down, and the result of an en- 
 raged body of woodsmen breaking in, must be 
 obvious to him; it would be out of the power 
 of an American officer to save a single man. 
 Various altercations took place for a consider- 
 able time. Captain Helm attempted to mod- 
 erate our fixed determination. I told him he 
 was a British prisoner, and it was doubtful 
 whether or not he could, with propriety, speak 
 on the subject. Hamilton then said that 
 Helm was from that moment liberated, and 
 might use his pleasure. I informed the cap- 
 tain that I would not receive him on such 
 terms; that he must return to the garrison, and 
 await his fate. I then told Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor Hamilton that hostilities should not com- 
 mence until five minutes after the drums gave 
 the alarm. We took our leave, and parted but 
 a few steps, when Hamilton stopped and po- 
 litely asked me if I would be so kind as to 
 give him any reasons for refusing the garrison 
 on any other terms than those I had offered. 
 I told him I had no objections in giving my 
 real reasons, which were simply these: that I 
 knew the greater part of the principal Indian 
 partizans of Detroit were with him; that I 
 wanted an excuse to put them to death, or 
 otherwise treat them as I thought proper; that
 
 36 
 
 VINCEXXES IN 1 PICTURE AND STORY 
 
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 H j. 
 
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 W >S 
 
 Ho. 
 S 
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 (X, 
 
 S 
 
 8
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 37 
 
 the cries of the widows and the fatherless, on 
 the frontiers, which they had occasioned, now 
 required their blood from my hands, and that 
 I did not choose to be so timorous as to diso- 
 bey the absolute commands of their author- 
 ity, which I looked upon to be next to divine; 
 that I would rather lose fifty men, than not 
 to empower myself to execute this piece of 
 business with propriety; that if he chose to 
 risk the massacre of his garrison for their 
 sakes, it was his own pleasure, and that I 
 might, perhaps, take it iato my head to send 
 for some of those widows to see it executed. 
 Major Hay, paying great attention, I had ob- 
 served a kind of distrust in his countenance, 
 which in a great measure influenced my con- 
 versation during this time. On my concluding, 
 'Pray sir,' said he, 'who is it that you call In- 
 dian partizans?' 'Sir I replied, 'I take Major 
 Hay to be one of the principal.' I never saw 
 a man in the moment of execution so struck as 
 he appeared to be, pale and trembling, scarcily 
 able to stand. Hamilton blushed, and, I ob- 
 served, was much affected at bis behavior. 
 Major Bowman's countenance sufficiently ex- 
 pressed his disdain for the one, and his sorrow 
 for the other. * * * Some moments elapsed 
 without a word passing on either side. From 
 that moment my resolutions changed respect- 
 ing Hamilton's situation. I told him that we 
 would return to our respective posts; that I 
 would consider the matter and let him know 
 the result: no offensive measures should be 
 taken in the meantime. Agreed to, and we 
 parted. What had passed, being made known 
 to our officers, it was agreed that we should 
 moderate our resolutions." 
 
 In the course of the afternoon of the 24th, 
 the following articles were signed, and the 
 garrison capitulated: 
 
 "(1) Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton engages 
 to deliver up to Colonel Clark, Fort Sackville, 
 as it is at present with all the stores, etc. 
 
 "(II) The garrison are to deliver themselves 
 as prisoners of war; and march out with their 
 arms and accouterments, etc. 
 
 "(Ill) The garrison to be delivered up at ten 
 o'clock to-morrow. 
 
 "(IV) Three days' time to be allowed the 
 garrison to settle their accounlts with the in- 
 habitants and traders of this place. 
 
 "(V) The officers of the garrison to be al- 
 lowed their necessary baggage, etc. 
 
 "Signed at Post St. Vincent (Vincennes), 24th 
 Feb'y., 1779. 
 
 "Agreed for the following reasons: The re- 
 moteness from succor; the state and quality of 
 provisions, etc., unanimity of officers and men 
 in its expediency, the honorable terms allowed, 
 and lastly, the confidence in a generous enemy. 
 
 (Signed) HENRY HAMILTON, 
 
 Lieut.-Gov. and Superintendent." 
 
 "The business being now nearly at an end, 
 troops were posted in several strong houses 
 around the garrison, and patroled during the 
 night to prevent any deception that might be 
 attempted. The remainder on duty lay on their 
 arms, and, for the first time for many days 
 past, got some rest. During the siege I got 
 omly one man wounded, not being able to lose 
 many I made them secure themselves well. 
 Seven were badly wounded in the fort, through 
 ports. * * * Almost every man had conceived 
 a favorable opinion of Lieutenant-Governor 
 Hamilton I believe what affected myself, 
 made some impression on the whole and I 
 was i>appy to find that he never deviated, while 
 he stayed with us, from that dignity of con- 
 duct that became an officer in his situation. The 
 morning of the 25th approaching, arrangements 
 were made for receiving the garrison, (which 
 consisted of seventy-nine men,) and about ten 
 o'clock it was delivered in form; and every- 
 thing was immediately arranged to the best 
 advantage. * * * On the 27th, our galley ar- 
 rived, all safe the crew much mortified, al- 
 though they deserved great credit for their dili- 
 gence. They had, on their passage, taken up 
 William Myres, express from government. The 
 dispatches gave much encouragement: Our own 
 battalion was to be completed, and an addi- 
 tional one to be expected in the course of the 
 spring." 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 CLARK CAPTURES HAMILTON'S BOATS- 
 PLANS AGAINST DETROIT EARLY 
 EVENTS FOLLOWING. 
 On the 26th of February, the next day after 
 the surrender of Governor Hamilton, Clark, 
 having information of the approach of a de- 
 tachment with clothing and provisions from 
 Detroit which was coming by boats down the 
 Wabash. dispatched sixty men under command 
 of Captain Helm, Major Boseron and Major Le- 
 Gras to intercept and capture them. This 
 force proceeding in three armed boats about
 
 38 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 120 miles up the Wabash, surprised and cap- 
 tured the enemy wifh their supplies in seven 
 boats. These boats, containing supplies to the 
 value of about $50,000, were manned by forty 
 men who were made prisoners. 
 
 Col. Clark states that the goods, with the ex- 
 ception of about $4,000 worth, were divided 
 
 Photo by Shores. 
 
 VINCENNES METROPOLITAN POLICE. 
 
 among the soldiers, that amount being retained 
 to clothe an expected reinforcement. 
 
 Clark's eyes now turned longingly 'toward 
 Detroit, which he knew to be in a poor state 
 of defense, and he was anxious to organize an 
 expedition for its capture, but, embarrassed by 
 
 his prisoners, doubtful as to the attitude of 
 many tribes of Indians, he was in a auandary. 
 However, the Indians soon began to show a 
 pacific disposition and a number of the tribes 
 came to him. with overtures of peace, and 
 treaties were concluded. 
 
 On the 7th of March a detachment of twenty- 
 five men, under com- 
 mand of Captains 
 Williams and Rog- 
 ers, set out with the 
 British officers and. 
 eighteen privates to 
 conduct them to 
 Kentucky, whence 
 they were forwarded 
 to Virginia under 
 command of Captain 
 Rogers, who re- 
 ceived orders after 
 he reached the Falls. 
 Relieved in some 
 measure by the de- 
 parture of a part of 
 prisoners, Clark took 
 every possible means 
 to organize his de- 
 sired expedition 
 against D e t r o i t. 
 Promised reinforce- 
 ments were delayed 
 and Clark was con- 
 fronted with the 
 necessity of postpon- 
 ing his enterprise. 
 He made the best 
 possible use of the 
 time, however, pre- 
 paring the minds of 
 the French people of 
 Detroit for his ap- 
 pearance. The com- 
 pany of French vol- 
 unteers from De- 
 troit, who had been 
 made prisoners with 
 Hamilton, and who 
 expected to be sent 
 into the states and held as prison- 
 ers of war, w r ere lectured and paroled, 
 supplied with boats, arms and provisions and 
 told to return 'home. They did -so and so pleased 
 were they with their treatment that they be- 
 came loud in' the praise of the Americans and 
 
 Mayor Greene in Rear
 
 VIXCEXXE3 IX TICTURE AXU STORY 
 
 39 
 
 created at Detroit a strong pro-American senti- 
 ment. 
 
 By a masterful strategy Clark had contrived 
 to create an exceedingly strong sentiment at the 
 Old rost in favor of the Detroit expedition, 
 while assuming an attitude of indifference or 
 disapproval, with a view to preventing prema- 
 ture knowledge of his intentions reaching that 
 post. In furtherance of this design, on the 20th 
 Df March he "set sail" on board his galley and 
 five armed boats, with seventy men, for Kas- 
 kaskia, where he arrived safely a few days 
 later. Lieutenant Brashear was left in com- 
 mand of the garrison of forty picked men, Cap- 
 tain Helm commandant of the town, superin- 
 tendent of Indian affairs, etc. 
 
 From Kaskaskia Clark directed war to be 
 made from Vincennes against the Delawares, 
 who were settled at the forks of the White 
 River and who had become troublesome and 
 had committed a number of murders. Deter- 
 mined to give them a lesson that would im- 
 press all the tribes, he ordered that no quarter 
 should be shown the warriors, but that women 
 and children should be spared. So merciless 
 and vigorous was the campaign that the Dela- 
 wares were quickly brought to terms, but, hav- 
 ing once broken their treaty, Clark refused to 
 treat with them unless they could induce some 
 of the neighboring Indians to become sureties 
 in 1 their behalf. This the Tobacco's son agreed 
 to do, and peace was restored. 
 
 A rendezvous had been appointed for Vin- 
 cennes in June, against which time it was 
 hoped a sufficient force would have been re- 
 cruited in Kentucky and Virginia for the ac- 
 complisihmenit of his designs against Detroit. 
 But in this Colonel Clark was doomed to bitter 
 disappointment. Less than half the expected 
 reinforcements arrived. The depression of the 
 continental currency gave him great trouble in 
 securing supplies. Clark returned with his 
 forces to Vincennes, but was compelled on ac- 
 count of the paucity of his resources to aban- 
 don the proposed expedition, and retired soon 
 afterward to Louisville ("the Falls") as the 
 most convenient spot from which to direct the 
 operations of the forces anid posts in the newly 
 acquired territory. 
 
 The conquest of the territory northwest of the 
 Ohio by General Clark was soon followed by 
 a considerable influx of emigrants from the 
 states, and it is stated that in the spring of 
 1780 no less than three hundred large "family 
 
 boats" arrived at the Falls of the Ohio, and it 
 may be fairly surmised that Post Vinceunes 
 came ini for its full share of the new popula- 
 tion. n the spring of 1779 Colonel John Todd, 
 \vlio had been appointed county lieutenant of 
 Illinois county, which embraced all the terri- 
 tory covered by Clark's conquests, visited Vin- 
 cennes and Kaskaskia and took steps to organi- 
 ize local governments suitable to the require- 
 ments of the people. One of his first acts was 
 to issue a proclamation designed to forestall the 
 location of all the best lands by greedy specu- 
 lators and adventurers. The proclamation for- 
 bade the location of claims in the rich lands 
 in the river valleys or within a league of these 
 lands, "unless in manner and form of settle- 
 ments as heretofore made by the French in- 
 habitants, until further orders herein given." 
 The proclamation also required every claimant 
 of lands to file with an officer, to be appointed 
 in each district, a description of his claim, the 
 name of the original grantee, with date of 
 grant, with vouchers, "deducing the title 
 through the various occupants to the present 
 owner." Depositions were required to estab- 
 lish ownership when no vouchers could be pro- 
 duced. 
 
 A court of civil and criminal jurisdiction, 
 composed of several magistrates, with Colonel 
 J. M. P. Legras as president, was established 
 at Vincennes, in the month of June, 1779. The 
 members of this court assuming that they were 
 vested with authority to grant lands, soon be- 
 gan to make grants in various amounts "from 
 the size of a house lot to 400 acres," after the 
 manner of the former French grants. Finally 
 we are told they became of opinion that they 
 might dispose of the entire tract given in 1742 
 to the French inhabitants of Vincennes by the 
 Piankeshaw Indians, amounting to a very large 
 domain, and then conceived the idea that if 
 they tould grant to others they should not be 
 debarred from granting to each other. They 
 accordingly divided this large tract among 
 themselves, each absenting himself from the 
 court on the day his grant was to be made. 
 
 The surrender of Lord Corn wall is, at York- 
 town, Va., Oct. 19, 1781, followed by an armis- 
 tice and finally by the definitive treaty of peace, 
 concluded at Paris Sept. 3, 1783. having put an 
 end to hostilities by granting the independence 
 of tne colonies, and including the territory west 
 to the Mississippi in that ceded, the fate of this 
 territory was thenceforward to be controlled by
 
 40 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTCRE AND STORY 
 
 the state of Virginia and Congress. The terri- 
 tory was in 1784 ceded by Virginia to the 
 Uniteu States. 
 
 Conflicting claims among land speculators, 
 the inhabitants of Vincennes and vicinity, uow 
 attracted the attention of the government. The 
 lands claimed by the French settlers at Vin- 
 cennes by virtue of Indian grants, court con- 
 cessions, etc., and other lands claimed in the 
 northwestern territory aggregated about 15,000 
 
 'Photo by Todd 
 
 establish a boundary line between the United 
 States and the Potawatomie, Twightwee, Pian- 
 keshaw and other western nations, a treaty be 
 held with the said Indians at Post Vincennes, 
 om the Wabash River, on the 20th day of June. 
 1785, or at such other time and place as the 
 commissioners may find more convenient." 
 Pursuant to a subsequent resolution of Con- 
 gress the treaty was held on the Ohio River at 
 the mouth of the Great Miami. In August, 
 
 SECOND STREET Looking North-east from Bosseron 
 
 square miles, and the claims of the Illinois & 
 Wabash land companies were far larger in ex- 
 tent. The Indians had become jealovis of the 
 encroachments of the whites and were becom- 
 ing restless. To quiet, if possible, this seething 
 and threatening mass of conflicting claims, but 
 primarily to keep down the turbulent spirits of 
 the Indian tribes. Congress, on the 18th of 
 March, 1785. resolved "That in order to give 
 greater security to the frontier settlement and 
 
 1785. the Wabash Indians held a grand counsel 
 at Ouiatenon. About the same time a French 
 inhabitant of Vincennes was killed by an In- 
 dian and in retaliation four Indians were killed 
 and others wounded by friends of the French- 
 man. Soon afterwards an Indian chief de- 
 manded of the French inhabitants of Vincennes 
 that they all leave the post against a certain 
 d'ate, as the Indian* had declared war against 
 the Americans and that such French as re-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 41 
 
 mained would receive the same treatment as 
 that accorded the Americans. In the following 
 year settlers who arrived at Viucennes in boats 
 were fired on at the mouth of the Embarrass. 
 A settler by the name of Small headed a com- 
 pany of thirty or forty and proceeded to attack 
 the Indians, with the result that several were 
 killed and wounded on each side. 
 
 So troublesome had the Indians become by 
 this time that a strong military force was 
 raised in Kentucky tor the purpose of subduing 
 them. About 1,000 men, undei command of 
 General George Rogers Clark, marched from 
 the Falls of the Ohio for Vincennes and arrived 
 here early in October. Here the army went 
 into camp to nwalt the arrival of provisions 
 that were to come by boat. At the end of nine 
 days the boats arrived and it was found that 
 half the provisions were spoiled. That part 
 which had been transported by land was al- 
 most exhausted. Discontent had already be- 
 gun to manifest itself in the camp and when 
 the state of the provisions became known it 
 was greatly increased. Re-enforced by volun- 
 teers from Vincennes, however, the force 
 moved up the river to near the mouth of the 
 Vermillion, the army finding all Indian villages 
 deserted. Here a false rumor was spread 
 among them to the effect that Gen. Clark had 
 sent a flag of truce to the Indians, "with an 
 offer of peace or war." "This rumor," we are 
 told, "combined with a lamentable change 
 which had taken place in the once temperate, 
 bold, energetic and commanding character of 
 General Clark, excited among the troops a spirit 
 of insubordination which neither the commands 
 nor the entreaties nor the tears of the general 
 could subdue." Three hundred troops deserted 
 in a body and the expedition was abandoned. 
 
 General Clark, feeling that to abandon the 
 territory after this demonstration would be but 
 to embolden the Indians and endanger not only 
 the people of Vincennes but the settlements in 
 Kentucky, called a council of his officers, at 
 which it was decided to garrison the town with 
 one field officer and 250 men (exclusive of a 
 company of artillery to be commanded by Cap- 
 tain Valentine Thomas Dalton) which force was 
 to be recruited here. It was further decided 
 that the command should be entrusted to 
 Colonel Holder. General Clark began to levy 
 recruits, appoint officers and impress provisions 
 for the support of the garrison. General Clark 
 also opened communications with the Indian 
 
 chieftains, looking to treaties of peace, and ap- 
 pointing a meeting for "the last of Aprtt," 1787. 
 The agitation in the west over the Spanish 
 claims to exclusive right to navigate the Mis- 
 sissippi, which imposed onerous restrictions on 
 the people of this section, and the rising hos- 
 tility of the people of the west against Spain, 
 at least gave color to the charges made that 
 General Clark's action was in reality taken 
 with a view to a movement against the Spanish 
 settlements and the fact that his first impress- 
 ments at Vincennes were from a Spanish mer- 
 chant lent not a little force to this construction 
 of it. The matter was investigated by the gov- 
 ernment of Virginia and by Congress, but ap- 
 parently not very thoroughly, and the acts of 
 General Clark were disavowed. Congress 
 passed a resolution on the 24th of April, 1789, 
 directing the secretary of war to order the 
 commanding officer of the United States troops 
 on the Ohio to take immediate and efficient 
 measures "for dispossessing a body of men 
 who had in a lawless and unauthorized manner, 
 taken possession of Post Vincennes, in defi- 
 ance of the proclamation and authority of the 
 United States." 
 
 Mr. English, in his Life of General Clark, 
 takes pains to defend General Clark against 
 the charges made against him in this connec- 
 tion. But whether just or not, it is certain 
 western sentiment would have supported him 
 in such a move at this time against the prepos- 
 tuous claims of Spain; and certain it is that 
 war was narrowly averted. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 GOVERNOR SAINT CLAIR LAWS FOR 
 THE GOVERNMENT OF THE NORTH- 
 WEST TERRITORY INDIAN TROU- 
 BLES. 
 
 The first governor of the Northwestern Terri- 
 tory after its cession to the United States was 
 Major General Arthur St. Glair. He was as- 
 sisted by a council consisting of three judges, 
 and in the governor and judges was the law- 
 making power. Governor St. Clair and the 
 judges established themselves at Marietta, 
 Ohio, at the mouth of the Muskingum River, 
 winch was therefore the first capital. From 
 this place a code of laws was promulgated near 
 the close of 1788. In accordance with his in- 
 structions from Congress. Governor St. Clair 
 early turned his attention to securing treaties 
 with the Indians, but a number of tribes de-
 
 42 
 
 A'INCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 dined to treat and others to acknowledge the 
 validity of treaties formed with their sachems. 
 Roving bands of marauding Indians caused 
 much trouble and in this regard the Wabash 
 country was not exempt. In a report to the 
 president in June, 1789, General Knox, secre- 
 tary of war, says, among other things: "It is 
 to be observed that the United Staes have not 
 formed any treaties with the Wabash Indians. 
 On the contrary, since the conclusion of the 
 war with Great Britain, hostilities have almost 
 constantly existed between he people of Ken- 
 tucky and the said Indians. The injuries and 
 murders have been so reciprocal that it would 
 be a point of critical investigation to know on 
 which side they have been the greatest. Some 
 of the inhabitants of Kentucky during the past 
 year, roused by injuries, made an incursion 
 into the Wabash country, and possesing an 
 equal aversion to all bearing the -name of In- 
 
 Photo by Shoies 
 
 call upon the President for directions for his 
 government in dealing with the problem and he 
 likewise does not lose sight of the fact that the 
 peaceable Indians of the Wabas'h have been 
 made to suffer for the wrongs of others, by the 
 people of Kentucky. 
 
 So threatening has the situation become be- 
 fore the close of the year 1789 that President 
 Washington, ini replying to Governor St. Clair, 
 authorizes him, in case of necessity, to call out 
 the militia of Virginia and Pennsylvania to the 
 extent of 1,500 men. The president says, to- 
 ward the close of his communication, "I would 
 have it observed, forcibly, that a war with the 
 Wabash Indians ought to be avoided by all 
 means consistently with the security of the 
 troops and the national dignity." 
 
 The president, in closing, directs General St. 
 Clair to proceed "as soon as you can with 
 safety, to execute the orders of the late con- 
 
 THE PLEIADES 
 
 dians, they destroyed a number of the peace- 
 able Piankeshaws, who prided themselves on 
 their attachment to the United States. In the 
 course of this communication General Knox 
 discusses the Indian problem in a most en- 
 lightened and humane manner. He advocates 
 the formation of treaties of peace "ini which 
 their rights and limits should be explicitly de- 
 fined and the treaties observed on the part of 
 the United States with the most exact justice, 
 by punishing the whites who should violate the 
 same. The alternative of this, he says, is the 
 extermination of the Indians, for which he 
 argues there is no warrant in right or justice. 
 He further shows its impracticability. He esti- 
 mates the Wabash tribes at 1,500 to 2,000 war- 
 riors, and says to accomplish their destruction 
 will require 2,500 men and cost $200,000, and 
 that the government cannot furnish the 
 money for the campaign. 
 Governor St. Clair soon found it necessary to 
 
 gress respecting the inhabitants of Post Vin- 
 cennes and Kaskaskia, and the other villages 
 on the Mississippi. It is a circumstance of 
 some importance that the said inhabitants 
 should, as soon as possible, possess the lands 
 to which they are entitled, by some known and 
 fixed principles." 
 
 This had reference to the resolutions of Con- 
 gress of the 20th of June, and the 28th of 
 August, 1788. By these resolutions provision 
 was made to confirm the titles of French and 
 Canadian settlers and others about Kaskaskia 
 and Vincennes, who on or before the year 1783, 
 "had professed themselves citizens of the 
 United States or any of them." A tract of four 
 hundred acres was donated to each head of a 
 family of this description of settlers. 
 
 Governor St. Clair started from Marietta for 
 the various outlying posts on the first of Janu- 
 ary, 1790. Before leaving Clarksville he sent 
 dispatches to Major Hamtramck, commandant
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 43 
 
 at Vincennes, among which appears the follow- 
 ing, dated Fort Steuben, January 23, 1790: 
 
 "It is with great pain that I have heard of the 
 scarcity of corn which reigns in the settlements 
 about the post. I hope it has been exaggerated; 
 but it is represented to me that, unless a supply 
 of that article can be sent forward, the people 
 must actually starve. Corn can be had here in 
 any quantity; but can' the people pay for it? 
 I entreat you to inquire into that matter, and if 
 you flnil they cannot do without it, write to the 
 contactor's agent here, to whom I will give or- 
 ders to send forward such quantity as you shall 
 find to be absolutely necessary. They must pay 
 for What they can of it; but they must not be 
 suffered to perish; and though I have no direct 
 authority from the government for this purpose, 
 I must take it upon myself." Whether the re- 
 lief offered was availed of we are not informed. 
 In his report from Kaskaskia, in 1790, Governor 
 St. Clair draws a sorry picture of the condi- 
 tions at that post, where the people had suf- 
 fered from flood and frost as well as from the 
 Indians, and ho calls attention to their cheerful 
 assistance rendered Clark, and failure of the 
 State of Virginia and of Congress to repay 
 them for advances made Clark, which they 
 were ill able to bear. A pathetic memorial in 
 behalf of his parishioners is presented Governor 
 St. Clair by Father Gibault, from which we 
 take the following sentence as indicative of its 
 character: "Loaded with misery, and groaning 
 under the weight of misfortunes accumulated 
 since the Virginia troops entered their country, 
 the unhappy inhabitants throw themselves un- 
 der the protection of your excellency, and take 
 the liberty to solicit you to lay their deplorable 
 situation before Congress." 
 
 The attitude of the Indian nations, with 
 whom Governor St. Clair had been endeavoring 
 to conclude treaties of peace, becoming so 
 menacing as to require active preparations for 
 war, the governor left Kaskaskia on the llth 
 of June to consult with General Harmer, in 
 command of the military forces in the west, 
 arriving at Fort Washington on the 13th of 
 July. Before his departure he instructed his 
 secretary, Winthrop Sargent, to proceed to Post 
 Vincennes and execute the requirements of the 
 congrssional resolutions with reference to the 
 lands of settlers in the Wabash, &c. 
 
 Mr. Sargent proceeded immediately to Post 
 Vincennes, laid out the county of Knox, ap- 
 pointed various civil and military officers and 
 
 took steps to secure proofs of land titles, etc., 
 according to his instructions. 
 
 In a report to the president at the end of July 
 he thus portrays the conditions as he found 
 them here. "Although," says Mr. Sargent, "the 
 lands and lots which were awarded to the in- 
 habitants appeared, from very good oral testi- 
 mony, to belong to those persons to whom they 
 were awarded, either by original grants, pur- 
 cfrase or inheritance, yet there was scarcely one 
 case in twenty where the title was complete, 
 owing to the desultory manner in which pub- 
 lic business had been transacted, and some 
 other unfortunate causes. The original conces- 
 sions by the French and British commandants 
 were generally made on a small scrap of paper, 
 which it was customary to lodge in the notary's 
 office, who has seldom kept any book of record, 
 but committed the most important land con- 
 cerns to loose sheets, which in the process of 
 time have come into possession of persons who 
 have fraudulently destroyed them, or, unac- 
 quainted with their consequence, innocently lost 
 or trifled them away; for by the French usage 
 they are considered as family inheritances, and 
 often descend to women and children. In one 
 instance, and during the government of Mr. 
 St. Ange here, a royal notary ran off with all 
 the papers in his possession, as by a certificate 
 produced to me. And I am very sorry further 
 to observe that in the office of Mr. LeGrand, 
 which continued from 1777 to 1787, and where 
 should have been the vouchers for important 
 land transactions, the records have been so 
 falsified and there is such gross fraud and 
 forgery as to invalidate all evidence and in- 
 formation which I might otherwise have ob- 
 tained from his papers." 
 
 In this connection it may be of interest to re- 
 produce a few samples of descriptions preva- 
 lent in deeds of that date, which are taken from 
 notes made by Judge Law to his lecture on 
 Vincennes. The judge says: "Judging from the 
 description of the concessions as then made, it 
 would be somewhat troublesome in these mod- 
 ern times, to find them." Examples follow: 
 
 "The widow of Peter Gormare. A house and 
 lot, the boundaries oot expressed, but to be sur- 
 veyed agreeably to possession, and not inter- 
 fering with the streets." 
 
 "Robert Buntin. A house and lot in Vin- 
 cennes, front on the Wabash, back to the In- 
 dian fields, one side by Maonaman, on the other 
 by Francis the Catspaw, about one acre in
 
 44 
 
 VINCEXNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 length each way." "Five pieces of land, for- 
 merly held by Kettle Carrier, sold by Quiquila- 
 quia, the grandson of Kettle Carrier, with the 
 approbation of Montour and the other 
 chiefs." 
 
 "Five pieces of land In the old Piankeshaw 
 town at Vincennes, sold by Montour." 
 
 On the 13th of July, 1790, there were in Post 
 Vincennes one hundred forty-three heads of 
 families, who were entitled, by reason of resi- 
 dence prior to 1783, to confirmation of their 
 grants. While making preparations for this 
 Mr. Sargent received numerous petitions for 
 
 'Photo by Shores 
 
 SITE OF FORT KNOX ABOVE THE CITY 
 
 confirmation of grants made by the court under 
 Major LeGras's regime, and he demanded of 
 this court by what authority these grants were 
 made, receiving a frank and full explanation 
 by letter, which, however, failed to establish 
 such authority. The matter of these grants was 
 treated in a liberal spirit by Congress, and in 
 1791 the governor of the northwest territory 
 was empowered, when lands had been actually 
 improved under supposed grants, to confirm the 
 titles, but limiting the amount of grant to 400 
 acres. 
 During the summer of 1790, acting Governor 
 
 Sargent and the judges enacted three stringent 
 laws, designed to suppress gambling and con- 
 trol the liquor traffic in the interests of the 
 peace and good order of the village and vicin- 
 ity. Om the 23d of July Mr. Sargent received 
 a letter signed by nine citizens of the village, 
 seven of whom signed as "Magistrates." 
 Among the names to the letter was that of 
 Francis Vigo, "Commandant of Militia." They 
 commended in the strongest terms the efforts 
 of Mr. Sargent in be'half of law and order and 
 expressed great satisfaction with the new gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 On his arrival at 
 Fort Washington on 
 the 13th of July. 
 Governor St. Clair 
 found the situation 
 so threatening that 
 he desired, in pur- 
 suance of the au- 
 thority given him by 
 the President, to 
 levy 1,500 militia 
 from Pennsylvania 
 and Virginia and 
 make a vigorous 
 campaign against 
 the Indians. This he 
 did and 300 of the 
 militia of Virginia 
 were ordered to ren- 
 dezvous at Fort 
 Steuben and with 
 the garrison of regu- 
 lars at that fort to 
 march to Vincennes 
 and join Major 
 Hamtramck, who 
 
 had orders to call to his aid the local militia 
 and to move- up the Wabash to attack any of 
 the Indian \illages to which his force might be 
 equal. The remainder of the troops were to 
 join the garrison of regulars at Fort Washing- 
 ton under General Harmer. 
 
 The operations of the army under command 
 of General Harmer in Ohio during the summer 
 were by no means creditable, the militia behav- 
 ing in a cowardly manner. The losses were 
 fully as heavy as those of the Indians. From 
 Vincennes Major Hamtramck marched up the 
 Wabash and destroyed some deserted Indian
 
 YINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 45 
 
 villages at the inouth of the Vermillion and re- 
 turned to Vincennes without meeting any oppo- 
 sition. 
 
 These operations 'having produced no visible 
 improvement in the situation, in March, 1791, 
 General Knox, secretary of war, wrote Briga- 
 dier General Scott, of Kentucky, authorizing 
 him to raise a force of Kentuckians, not to ex- 
 ceed 750, and proced against the Indians on the 
 Wabash. This General Scott did, crossing the 
 Ohio May 23. He does not appear, however, 
 to have passed via Vincennes, but to the east 
 of the post. On the 4th of June the first In- 
 
 Thoto by Shores 
 
 A VIEW ON KELSO'S CREEK 
 
 diau was sighted and soon afterwards a cum- 
 ber of villages were destroyed, including 
 Ouiatcnon. which had "a considerable French 
 population, and many well furnished houses," 
 according to General Scott's report. General 
 Scott adds that "by the books, letters and 
 other documents found there it is evident it 
 was in close connection with, and dependent on, 
 Detroit." General Scott, after the destruction 
 of these villages returned to Kentucky, arriving 
 at the Falls June 14, "without the loss of a sin- 
 gle man by the enemy, and only five wounded; 
 having killed thirty-two, chiefly warriors of size 
 
 and figure, and taken fifty-eight prisoners." 
 
 By authority of Governor St. Clair a second 
 expedition was organized by the "Board of 
 War" of Kentucky and ordered to rendezvous 
 at Fort Washington not later than July 20, 
 "well mounted on horseback, well armed and 
 provided with thirty days' provisions." The 
 command of this expedition was given to Brig- 
 adier-General Wilkinson on the first of August, 
 who, at the head of 525 men, directed his march 
 toward an important village on the Eel River, 
 near its junction with the Wabash. Taking a 
 direction similar to that of General Scott he 
 reached the town he 
 sought on the even- 
 
 ing of the 7th. The 
 
 town was destroyed, 
 six warriors, two 
 squaws and a child 
 killed and thirty-four 
 prisoners taken. 
 After destroying the 
 crops he continued 
 his march, destroy- 
 ing a number of 
 other villages, but 
 meeting no further 
 resistance, until the 
 state of his provi- 
 sions and the condi- 
 tion of his horses 
 warned him that he 
 must return. On this 
 expedition he reports 
 that he destroyed 
 "430 acres of corn in 
 the milk." 
 
 In the fall of 1791, 
 Governor St. Clair, 
 collecting another 
 
 army of something like fifteen, hundred men, 
 mostly undisciplined militia, moved against the 
 Mia mis, only to meet with one of the most dis- 
 astrous defeats in the history of the country, 
 losing thirty-nine officers and 593 men killed 
 and missing, among the officers killed being 
 Major-General Butler. The retreat was a pre- 
 cipitate flight, all wounded being left to their 
 fate in the hands of the merciless savage foe. 
 
 While the savages had suffered heavily in 
 these campaigns it may be imagined that these 
 successes, combined with the impression they 
 had gained that the Americans meant to de-
 
 46 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 prive them of their lands, which, by the way, 
 was not far from correct, did not act as a seda- 
 tive to their war-like temper. General St. Clair 
 resigned his commission! as 'major-general and 
 was succeeded by General Wayne ("Mad An- 
 thony") of revolutionary fame. These reverses 
 had taught the lesson that a larger regular 
 army was necessary. Steps were taken to en- 
 large the army to something over 5,000 men. 
 It had previously been about 1,000, of which 
 not more than 400 to 600 were in the west. 
 
 While General Wayne was organizing and 
 drilling his little army, the United States gov- 
 
 Phoio by Shores 
 
 SCENE NORTHEAST OF THE CITY 
 
 eminent was doing everything possible to ar- 
 range treaties of peace with the various Indian 
 tribes. Many messengers, commissioners and 
 spies were sent among them, generally only to 
 lose their lives. Major Trueman and Colonel 
 Hardin, both distinguished Indian fighters, lost 
 their lives on one of these missions, for which 
 they had volunteered. At Vincennes, April 7, 
 1792, Major Hamtramck the commandant, con- 
 cluded treaties with small parties of the Weas 
 and Eel River tribes, and on the 27th of Sep- 
 tember, Brigadier-General Rufus Putnam con- 
 cluded a treaty with thirty-one "Kings, chiefs 
 
 and Warriors" of the Wabash and Illinois 
 tribes "on the part of said tribes," but the Sen- 
 ate refused to ratify this treaty on account of 
 some of its provisions, which were regarded as 
 objectionable. Legesse, the principal chief of 
 the Potawatomies, wrote to Major Hamtramck 
 a letter professing the strongest friendship, but 
 advising him that the Americans had more In- 
 dians to fight than ever before. The majority 
 of the chiefs refused to treat on any other basis 
 than that the Ohio River should be made the 
 boundary line between the Indians and whites. 
 General Wayne, having at his command a 
 well organized force 
 of about 2,600 effect- 
 ive men and being 
 joined at Fort 
 Greenville by Gen- 
 eral Scott, of Ken- 
 tucky, with a bri- 
 gade of cavalry, set 
 forth from Fort 
 Greenville on the 
 ?.8th of July to at- 
 tacK the confeder- 
 ated tribes. An* ad- 
 vance section of this 
 array, amounting to 
 about 900 men, came 
 up with a force of 
 2,000 savages on the 
 banks of the Mau- 
 mee on the 20th of 
 August, and after a 
 hard fought battle. 
 almost under the 
 guns of the B-itish 
 fort, which had been 
 built here, in viola- 
 tion of the treaty of 
 
 Paris, routed them with great slaughter. As 
 a result they were immediately ready for a 
 treaty. They were invited to Fort Greenville 
 to treat, and there, on the 10th of August of the 
 next year, 1795, a satisfactory definitive treaty 
 was concluded by General Wayne. 
 
 In May, 1795, Governor St. Clair and Judges 
 Symmes and Turner met at Cincinnati and en- 
 acted a code of laws, containing thirty-eight 
 sections for the government of the Northwest 
 Territory. 
 
 On the 3d of March, 1796, a treaty was signed 
 between the United States and Spain, by which
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 47 
 
 the boundary line became the middle of the 
 Mississippi, and the long vexed question of the 
 navigation of that stream was settled by its 
 being freely conceded to the United States. 
 Notwithstanding this treaty, however, Spandsh 
 officials delayed the surrender of certain posts 
 held on this side of the river and entered into 
 intrigues with France and certain dissatisfied 
 Americans of the western territory, by which 
 it was hoped to induce the West to separate 
 from the eastern states, by which those nations 
 hoped to profit. Emissaries were sent from the 
 Spanish headquarters in Louisiana, obsteusibly 
 on an official mission to Gen. Wilkinson, com- 
 manding the American forces, to whom a letter 
 wase sent, but really to spy out the situation 
 and report the prevailing sentiment of the peo- 
 ple. General Wilkinson was not deceived, and 
 sent the Spanish agent out of the country un- 
 der escort. During the ensuing four years the 
 diplomatic situation between the United States 
 on the one side and France and Spain on the 
 other was exceedingly strained and war was 
 so imminent that Congress made vigorous 
 preparations in view of it. Ex-President Wash- 
 ington was appointed commander-in-chief of 
 the American armies. But happily war was 
 averted and treaties of peace and commercial 
 relations concluded in 1800. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 GENERAL HARRISON BECOMES SECRE- 
 TARY OF THE NORTHWEST TERRI- 
 TORY. LEGISLATURE ESTABLISHED. 
 FIRST DELEGATE IN CONGRESS. 
 COUNT DE VOLNEY WRITES OF V1N- 
 CENNES. 
 
 On the 7th of May, 1798, William Henry Har- 
 rison was appointed secretary of the territory 
 northwest of the Ohio and the nomination con- 
 firmed by the Senate on 1 the 28th of the same 
 month. On the 29th of October Governor St. 
 ('lair issued a proclamation directing the quali- 
 fied voters to hold elections in their respective 
 counties on the third Monday in December, 
 for representatives to a General Assembly, 
 which he ordered to convene at Cincinnati on 
 January 22. 1799. This was the, first general 
 election within the bounds of this territory. 
 The representatives met in accordance with the 
 proclamation and in order to establish a "legis- 
 lative council," as provided in the Ordinance of 
 1787. for the government of the territory, nomi- 
 nated ten persons whose names were sent to 
 
 the president. From these the president nomi- 
 nated for members of the council five, as fol- 
 lows: Jacob' Burnet, James Findlay, Henry 
 Vanderburgto, Robert Oliver and David Vance. 
 They were immediately confirmed by the Sen- 
 ate. The first territorial legislature met at Cin- 
 cinnati on the 16th of September, 1799, but it 
 was the 24th before an organization was ef- 
 fected. Henry Vanderburgh was elected, presi- 
 dent of the first Legislative Council. The House 
 of Representatives consisted of nineteen mem- 
 bers. Shadrach Bond was the member from 
 Knox County. Edward Tiffin, of Ross County, 
 was elected speaker. On October 3, 1799, Wm. 
 Henry Harrison was elected by the Legislature 
 delegate to the National Congress from this ter- 
 ritory. During this session, which was closed 
 December 19, thirty-seven acts were passed 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON 
 
 and approved by the governor. 
 
 By the treaty of Greenville, negotiated by 
 General Wayne, in 1795, the Indians were given 
 all the lands lying within the present limits of 
 Indiana, with the exception of certain specific 
 tracts which included "the town of Vincennes, 
 on the Waliash. and the adjacent lands, to 
 which the Indian title had been extinguished." 
 The earliest mention we have seen of Fort 
 Knox is under date of 179G, when it is said
 
 48 
 
 YIXCEXXES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 there was "a small garrison at Fort Knox, un- 
 der command of Captain Thomas Pasteur, of 
 the First United States regiment, 'till Septem- 
 ber, 1798, when, on the removal of this officer 
 to Fort Massac, the garrison at Fort Knox was 
 placed under the command of Captain Robert 
 Buntin." The Count de Volney states that 
 when he visited Vincennes in 1796 there were 
 about fifty houses here, "whose cheerful white 
 relieved the eye, after the tedious dusk and 
 green of the woods." 
 
 Volney, who was a French traveler and writ- 
 er of distinction, thus describes some of his 
 experiences: 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 VIEW NORTH OF VINCENNES NEAR FORT KNOX 
 
 "Adjoining the village and the river is a 
 space, inclosed by a ditch eight feet wide, and 
 by sharp stakes six feet high. This is called 
 the fort, and is a sufficient safeguard against 
 surprises by the Indians. I had letters to a 
 principal man (Henry Vanderburgh) of the 
 place, by birth a Dutchman, who spoke good 
 French. I was accommodated at his house in 
 the kindest and most hospitable manner for 
 ten days. The day after my arrival (Aug. 3d) 
 a court was held, to which I repaired to make 
 
 my remarks on the scene. On entering I was 
 surprised to find the audience divided into 
 races of men in person and feature widely dif- 
 ferent from each other. The fair or light brown 
 hair, ruddy complexion, round face and plump 
 body, indicative of health and ease, of the one 
 set, were forcibly contrasted with the emaciated 
 frame and meager, tawny visage of 
 the other. The dress, likewise, of the latter 
 denoted their indigence. I soon discovered that 
 the former were new settlers from the states, 
 whose lands had been reclaimed five or six 
 years before, while the latter were French of 
 sixty years' standing in the district The 
 latter, three or four 
 e x c e p te d. knew 
 nothing of English, 
 while the former 
 were almost as ig- 
 norant of French. I 
 had acqiiired. in the 
 course of the year, a 
 sufficient knowledge 
 of English to con- 
 verse with them 
 and was thus en- 
 abled to hear the 
 tales of both parties. 
 "The French, in a 
 querulous tone, re- 
 counted the losses 
 and hardships they 
 had suffered. es- 
 pecially since the 
 last Indian war. in 
 1788. * * * They 
 complain e d that 
 they were cheated 
 and robbed. and 
 especially that their 
 rights were con- 
 tinually violated by the .courts, in which 
 two judges only out of live were French- 
 men, who knew little of the laws or language 
 of the English. Their ignorance, indeed, was 
 profound. Nobody ever opened a school 
 among them, till it was done by the able R. 
 (Riveti a polite, well educated and liberal mind- 
 ed missionary, banished hither by the French 
 revolution. Out of nine of the French scarcely 
 six could read or write, whereas, nine-tenths of 
 the Americans or immigrants from the East
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 49 
 
 could do both. * * * I could not fix, with 
 accuracy, the date of the first settlement of 
 Vincennes, and, notwithstanding the homage 
 paid by some learned men to tradition, I could 
 trace out but few events of the war of 1757, 
 though some of the old men lived before that 
 time. I was able to form a conjecture that it 
 was formed about 1735. 
 
 "These statements were confirmed for the 
 most part by the new settlers. They only 
 placed the same facts in a different point of 
 view. They told me that the Canadians (for 
 by that name the French of the Western colo- 
 
 9hofo by Toiunslev 
 
 VIEW IN CATHOLIC CEMETERY 
 
 nics are known to them) had only themselves 
 to blame for all the hardships they complained 
 of. We must allow, say they, that they are a 
 kind, hospitable, sociable sect: but then for 
 idleness and ignorance they beat the Indians 
 themselves. They know nothing at all of our 
 civil or domestic affairs. Their women neither 
 sew. nor spin, nor make butter.* * * The 
 men take to nothing but hunting, fishing, 
 roaming through the woods and loitering in the 
 sun. They do not lay up, as we do for winter, 
 or provide for a rainy day. They cannot cure 
 pork or venison, make sourkraut or spruce beer, 
 
 or distilled spirits from apples or rye, all need 
 ful arts to the farmer." 
 
 The French inhabitants of Vincennes having 
 become accustomed to the arbitrary govern- 
 ment by commandants and being unacquainted 
 with customs and usages of the people of the 
 English colonies, preferred this form of gov- 
 ernment. Colonel Clark appointed command- 
 ants for Kaskaskia and Vincennes, and 
 Colonel Todd, the first lieutenant for Illinois 
 County did likewise. Colonel Legras was ap- 
 pointed by Colonel Todd for Vincennes and 
 carefully instructed in his duties. Having de- 
 c i d e d, in 1780, 
 to withdraw all the 
 American forces to 
 the mouth of the 
 Ohio, and fearing to 
 leave Vincennes 
 without military pro- 
 tection, Colonel 
 Todd authorized 
 Colonel Bosseron, 
 then commandant at 
 the Post, to raise a 
 company to garrison 
 the post, providing 
 him with blank com- 
 missions for the of- 
 ficers, with assur- 
 ances that the garri- 
 son would be al- 
 lowed pay and 
 rations by the gov- 
 ernment 
 
 Concerning the 
 condition of things 
 at Vincennes and 
 Kaskaskia in 1783, 
 a letter written by 
 
 Walter Daniel, Esq., to Virginia officials, under 
 date of February 3, says: "He (Captain Tarde- 
 veaux) complains that they are wholly without 
 law or government; that their magistrates, 
 from ignorance or sinster views, having for 
 some time been relax in the execution of their 
 offices, are now altogether without authority; 
 that crimes of the greatest enormity may be 
 committed with impunity, and a man may be 
 murdered in his own house and no person re- 
 gards it; that they have no sheriffs nor pris- 
 ons; and, to crown the general confusion, that 
 many persons have made large purchases of
 
 50 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 three or four hundred leagues, and are en- 
 deavoring to have themselves established lords 
 of the soil, as some have done in Canada." 
 
 This chaotic condition of affairs was relieved 
 after the visit of Colonel Josiah Harmar, who, 
 at the head of a detachment of U. S. infantry, 
 visited Vincennes in July, 1787. Major John F. 
 Hamtramck was stationed here with a strong 
 garrison of infantry. 
 
 A numerously signed petition was presented 
 
 ST. VINCENT'S ORPHANAGE 
 
 to Major Hamtramck soon after, by the citi- 
 zens, for relief from land-grabbers, who had ap- 
 propriated the "commons" for the purpose of 
 carrying on an improper traffic with persons 
 who are not permanent citizens." Relief was 
 promptly granted by the major, as requested. 
 To prevent other abuses Major Hamtramck is- 
 sued an order prohibiting all persons from 
 "selling, mortgaging or exchanging any of their 
 goods, lands or slaves, without express per- 
 mission from the officer commanding at this 
 place." . 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT OF INDIANA TERRI- 
 TORY. GOVERNOR HARRISON. FIRST 
 GRAND JURY. FIRST LEGISLATURE. 
 -VARIOUS MATTERS OF INTEREST. 
 On the division of the Northwestern Terri- 
 
 tory by the act of May 7, 1800, the seat of gov- 
 ernment of the Indian Territory was fixed at 
 Viucennes, and William Henry Harrison, a 
 native of Virginia, became its first governor, 
 May 13, 1800. On the next day John Gibson, 
 of Pennsylvania, became secretary. It was to 
 this man, many years before, that the Indian 
 chief, Logan, delivered his celebrated speech. 
 William Clark, Henry Vanderburgh and John 
 Griffin were soon afterwards appointed terri- 
 torial judges. At 
 this time the civil- 
 ized population of 
 the territory was es- 
 timated at 4,875. 
 The new secretary 
 arrived at Vincennes 
 in July and in the 
 absence of the gov- 
 ernor appointed a 
 number of territorial 
 officers to provide 
 for the administra- 
 tion of the laws. 
 Governor Harrison 
 arrived early in Jan- 
 uary, 1801, and on 
 the 10th of that 
 month issued a 
 proclamation requir- 
 ing the attendance 
 of the judges at the 
 seat of government 
 for the purpose of 
 
 "adopting and publishing such laws as the ex- 
 igencies of the times" required, and for 
 the "performance of other acts conform- 
 able to the ordinances and laws of Con- 
 gress for the government of the terri- 
 tory." The governor and the judges met 
 on the 12th and continued in session till the 
 26th of the same month, during which time 
 they adopted and published seven laws and 
 three resolutions. 
 
 The first term of the territorial court was 
 begun at Vincennes on the 24th day of March, 
 1801. by the three judges named above. The 
 first grand jury impaneled within the territory 
 was composed of the following nineteen per- 
 sons: Luke Decker, Antoine Marchal, Joseph 
 Baird. Patrick Simpson, Antoine Petit, Andre 
 Montplaiseur, John Ockiltree, Jonathan Mar- 
 ney, Jacob Tevebaugh, Alexander Varley,
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 51 
 
 Francois Turpin, Fr. Compagiioitte, Charles 
 Languedoc, Louis Severe, Fr. Languedoc, 
 George Catt, Johu Bt Barois, Abraham Decker, 
 Philip Catt. 
 
 One of the first questions which occupied the 
 attention of the newly organized territory of 
 
 'Photo by Tcnonsley 
 
 A HOME ON THE ROLLING DEEP 
 
 1802. The main object of those who favored 
 this convention was to consider the expediency 
 of adopting measures to secure the repeal or 
 suspension of that article of the ordinances of 
 1787 which prohibited the holding of slaves 
 in the territory. The convention declared in 
 favor of the suspen- 
 sion of the sixth 
 article of the or- 
 
 - dinances and so peti- 
 tioned Congress. But 
 Congress declined to 
 accede to their de- 
 m a n ds. Petitions 
 and remonstrances 
 by the friends and 
 enemies of slavery 
 began to be frequent 
 subjects of consider- 
 tion by Congress and 
 the political caldron 
 of the territory was 
 seething for a num- 
 ber of years. 
 
 A majority of the 
 electors of the ter- 
 ritory having, Sept. 
 11, 1804, declared in 
 favor of electing a 
 territorial le g i s 1 a- 
 ture, Gov. Harrison 
 issued a proclama- 
 tion calling for such 
 an election to be held 
 
 Indiana was that of slavery, which had been 
 introduced into the territory under the French 
 laws. Louis XIII. of France had, in 1615, pro- 
 mulgated a code of laws consisting of fifty-five 
 articles, "in order to maintain the discipline of 
 the apostolic Roman Catholic Church and to 
 regulate the estate and condition of slaves in 
 the said country" of Louisiana Territory. Vari- 
 ous persons at both Kaskaskia and Vincennes 
 were owners of slaves from the earliest times. 
 The slave question began to agitate the people 
 of the territory early in the administration of 
 Governor Harrison, and at the earnest solicita- 
 tion of many of the inhabitants Governor Har- 
 rison, on the 22d of November. 1892. gave notice 
 of an election to be held on the llth of Decem- 
 ber, following, for delegates to meet in conven- 
 tion at Yincennes on the 20th of December, 
 
 on the 3d of January, 
 
 1805, and fixing the number of members from 
 each county. The members so elected were to 
 meet in Vincennes on the first of February and 
 nominate ten persons, from whose numbel% ac- 
 cording to law, the president would select the 
 legislative council, or upper house of the Legis- 
 lature. The members so nominated for Knox 
 County were John Rice Jones, who in subse- 
 quent years became a judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Missouri, and Jacob Kuykendall. 
 President Jefferson, not knowing the men, 
 wisely decided to depute to Governor Harrison 
 the authority to name them. Accordingly he 
 sent to the governor an instrument with 
 blanks for the insertion of the names, caution- 
 ing him to reject "land jobbers, dishonest men 
 and those who, though honest, might suffer
 
 52 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 themselves to be warped by party prejudices." 
 The first Legislature of Indiana Territory met 
 at Vincennes, July 29, 1805, and the lower house 
 was composed of seven members. The mem- 
 bers from Knox County were Benjamin Parke 
 and John Johnson. 
 
 Governor Harrison's message called for need- 
 ed legislation on a number of subjects, the first, 
 and that on which he dwelt longest, being to 
 prevent the sale of intoxicants to the Indians. 
 On this subject he said: "The interests of your 
 constituents, the interests of the miserable In- 
 dians, and your own feelings, will sufficiently 
 urge you to 'take it into your most serious con- 
 sideration, and provide the remedy which is to 
 save thousands of our fellow creatures. You 
 are witnesses to the abuses; you have seen our 
 town crowded with furious and drunken sav- 
 ages; our streets flowing with their blood; 
 their arms and clothes bartered for the liquor 
 that destroys them; 
 and their miserable Photo by Shores 
 women and children 
 enduring all the ex- 
 tremities of cold and 
 hunger. So destruct- 
 ive has the progress 
 of intern p e r a n c e 
 been among them 
 that whole villages 
 have been swept 
 away. A miserable 
 remnant is all that 
 remains to mark the 
 names and situa- 
 tion of many numer- 
 ous and warlike 
 tribes. In the en- 
 ergetic language of 
 one of their orators, 
 'it is a dreadful con- 
 flagration, which 
 spreads misery and 
 desolation through 
 the country,' and 
 threatens the- anni- 
 hilation of the race." 
 
 The Indiana territory, as first organized in 
 1800, included what is now the states of Illinois 
 and Michigan, as well as the state of Indiana. 
 Michigan was cut off in June, 1805, but Illinois 
 remained within the Indiana Territory till 1809. 
 In addition to the government of the territory, 
 
 Governor Harrison was intrusted with other 
 important matters by the government at 
 Washington. Among these was that of culti- 
 vating the friendship of the Indian tribes, with 
 whom he was empowered, on behalf of the 
 United States, to conclude treaties. He was 
 urged to use all pacific m.eans in his power to 
 extinguish the Indian title to lands northwest 
 of the Ohio, and so successful was he in this, 
 that by a series of some seven treaties with the 
 various tribes, before the close of 1805, he had 
 secured the relinquishnient by the Indians to- 
 the United States of 40,000 square miles of ter- 
 ritory. 
 
 In 1807 the first revised statutes of the terri- 
 tory were published at Vincennes by Messrs.. 
 Stout & Smoot, "Printers to the Territory." 
 The book contained the laws "as revised by 
 Messrs. John Rice Jones and John Johnson, and 
 passed (after amendments) by the Legislature," 
 
 VIEW OF RIVER FROM FORT KNOX 
 
 fee. It is of interest to note that among the 
 subjects of legislation ait this early date was 
 "the Vincennes library" and the "Wabash Bap- 
 tist Church." By the provisions of this code 
 the death penalty was attached to the crimes of 
 treason, murder, arson and horse stealing.
 
 VIXCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 53 
 
 .Burglary and robbery were punishable by whip- 
 ping, fine or imprisonment. Larceny was pun- 
 ishable by fine or whipping or by being bound 
 to labor for a term, not exceeding seven years; 
 hog stealing by tine and whipping; bigamy, by 
 fine, whipping and dist'ranchisement. 
 
 Stringent laws were also in force for the pun- 
 ishment of children and servants who refused 
 to obey parents or masters, as the case 
 might be. 
 
 By act of Congress, approved March 26th, 
 1804. provision was made for the disposal of 
 the public lands through land offices, of which 
 three were established. That at Vincennes was 
 .in charge of Mr. John Badollet, as register, and 
 
 Nathaniel Ewiiig, receiver. Mr. Badollet who 
 was a man of distinguished ability and virtue 
 and subsequently prominent in various official 
 capacities, was an ancestor of our esteemed 
 townsman, Mr. Henry S. Badollet, late of the 
 Elephant Shoe Store. 
 
 (Governor Harrison said in his message to the 
 Territorial Legislature, in 1806, that he had 
 had assurances from all the Indian tribes with- 
 in his jurisdiction that they would "preserve 
 inviolate their relations of 'amity with the 
 United States," and his strong sense of justice 
 induced him to add: 
 
 "They (the Indians) will never have recourse 
 
 to arms I speak of those in our immediate 
 neighborhood unless driven to it by a series 
 of injustice and oppression. Of this they al- 
 ready begin to complain, and I am sorry to say 
 that their complaints are far from being 
 groundless. It is true that the general govern- 
 ment has passed laws for fulfilling, not only 
 the stipulations contained in our treaty, but 
 also those sublime duties which a just sense of 
 our prosperity and their wretchedness seem to 
 impose. The laws of the territory provide, 
 also, the same punishment for offenses com- 
 mitted against Indians as against white men. 
 Experience, however, shows that there is a 
 wide difference in the execution of those laws. 
 The Indian always suffers and the white man 
 never. This partiality has not escaped their 
 penetration, and has afforded them an oppor- 
 tunity of making the proudest comparisons be- 
 tween their own observance of treaties and that 
 of their boasted superiors. If, in your review 
 of our penal code, gentlemen, any regulation 
 should suggest itself, which would promise 
 more impartiality in the execution of the laws 
 in favor of those unhappy people, the adoption 
 of it will be highly acceptable to the United 
 States and honorable to yourselves. But should 
 you suppose it dangerous to make any discrim- 
 ination in their favor, I pray you to Igse no op- 
 portunity of inculcating, among your constitu- 
 ents, an abhorrence of that unchristian and de- 
 testable doctrine which would make a distinc- 
 tion of guilt between the murder of a white 
 man and that of an Indian." 
 
 Writing to the secretary of war, Governor 
 Harrison recounts a complaint of an old In- 
 dian chief to him. "You call us your children." 
 said, he, "Why do you not make us happy, 
 as our fathers, the French, did? They never 
 took from us our lands; indeed they were in 
 common between us. They planted where they 
 pleased, and they cut wood where they 
 pleased: and so did we. But now if a poor In- 
 dian attempts to take a little bark from a tree 
 to cover him from the rain, up comes a white 
 man and threatens to shoot him, claiming the 
 tree as his own." 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 INDIANS BECOME RESTLESS. TECUM- 
 SEH. TIPPECANOE. 
 
 The encroachment of the whites upon the 
 lands of the Indian, their invasion of his hunt-
 
 54 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 ing ground and frequent killings of Indians by 
 the whites, many who looked upon the killing 
 
 Believed to be a Portrait of Tecumseh 
 
 of an Indian as rather a praiseworthy act than 
 a crime, could have but one effect when long 
 continued, that of rendering the Indians dis- 
 contented axid restless. They saw the lands of 
 their fathers slipping away from them into the 
 grasp of a people whose example had been only 
 one of cruel and contemptuous oppression, 
 whatever might have been their precepts. 
 Their alarm was no doubt heightened by the 
 activity of Governor Harrison in inducing the 
 Indians to cede their lands to the government, 
 pursuant to his instructions from Washington. 
 In the course of a very few years they had thus 
 parted with an immense domain and were be- 
 ing gradually more and more restricted. To 
 this there could be but one culmination, from 
 the Indian's point of view. The adoption of 
 the civilized mode of life, and dependence 
 
 mainly on the productions of the ground for 
 his sustenance was foreign to his thought. He- 
 only saw himself a wanderer on the face of 
 the earth, seeking a hunting ground in the do- 
 main of other tribes and compelled to go to- 
 war with them for the privilege. The wiser 
 men among them b(;gan to contemplate these 
 matters with a growing alarm, which was fed. 
 and fostered constantly by British emissaries, 
 who looked forward to the aid of the Indians 
 in the war that every one felt must soon come 
 between England and this country. 
 
 During the year 1806 the famous Shawanee 
 chief, Tecumseh, and his brother, Law-le-was-i- 
 kaw (the loud voice), resided at the Delaware- 
 villages on the west fork of the White River, 
 in the bounds of the present county of Dela- 
 ware. Law-le-was-i-kaw began to lay claims to- 
 
 
 Harrison's Conference with Tecumseh 
 
 prophetic powers and began a crusade against: 
 witchcraft, the use of intoxicating liquors, in-
 
 YINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 55 
 
 terinarriage of Indian women with the whites, 
 the dress and habits of the whites and the sale 
 of Indian lands. He soon gathered a con- 
 spicuous following among the superstitious In- 
 dians, through his claims of direct communi- 
 cations from the Great Spirit. A number of 
 Indians were at his instigation put to death 
 for witchcraft. Governor Harrison, becoming 
 alarmed at the machinations and growing in- 
 fluence of the Prophet, early in 1806 sent a 
 messenger to the Indians with a speech strong- 
 ly condemning the prophet, who had a short 
 time before, with his immediate followers, in- 
 cluding Tecumseh, withdrawn to Greenville, 
 Ohio. Having by his artful practices in the 
 course of the next two years fallen under the 
 suspicion of the people and officials of that 
 vicinity, in the spring of 1808 he removed and 
 settled on the banks of the Wabash near the 
 mouth of the Tippecanoe River, having ob- 
 tained permission from the Potawatomies and 
 
 Photo by Todd 
 
 that the treaties by which the United States 
 had acquired their lands were unfair, and 
 therefore void; that the tribes in severalty 
 could not alienate their lands since they be- 
 longed to them all in common, and that he and 
 his brother, the prophet, would resist any 
 further attempts on the part of the whites to 
 extend their settlements over the Indian lands. 
 There is no evidence, however, that he advo- 
 cated w r ar. 
 
 Early in 1808, Governor Harrison addressed 
 a speech "to the chiefs and head men of the 
 Shawnee tribe of Indians"' as follows: "My 
 children, this business must be stopped. I will 
 no longer suffer it. You have called a number 
 of men from the most distant tribes to listen 
 to a fool, who speaks not the word of the 
 Great Spirit, but those of the devil, and of the 
 British agents. My children, your conduct has 
 much alarmed the white settlers near you. 
 They desire that you will send away those peo- 
 
 A BARNYARD SCENE NEAR VINCENNES 
 
 Kickapoos. This place was afterwards known 
 as Prophet's Town. The growing fame of the 
 prophet among the tribes of th'> northwestern 
 part of the territory opened their ears to the 
 solicitations of Tecumseh, who was actively 
 engaged in an effort to form these tribes into a 
 great confederacy for their mutual protection 
 against the encroachments of the whites. In 
 his speeches at their council fires be claimed 
 
 pie. And if they wish to have the imposter 
 with them, they can carry him. Let him go to 
 the lakes; he can hear the British more dis- 
 tinctly." The prophet's reply, sent by the same 
 messenger, was a model of self restraint and 
 apparent candor, while he specifically denied 
 the allegations of the governor. Later the 
 prophet sent another messenger to the governor 
 protesting that his followers desired to live in
 
 56 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 peace with the white people. At the confer- 
 ence with the governor this messenger said: 
 "I have now listened to that man (the prophet) 
 upward of three years, and have never heard 
 him give any but good advice. He tells us 
 that we must pray to the Great Spirit, who 
 made the world and everything in it for our 
 use. He tells us that no man could make the 
 plants, the trees and the animals; but that 
 they must be made by the Great Spirit to whom 
 we ought to pray, and obey in all things. He 
 tells us not to lie, to steal or to drink whisky; 
 not to go to war, but to live in peace with all 
 mankind. He tells us, also, to work and make 
 corn." 
 
 year, however, put an end to his efforts in that 
 direction, and it is not known that any citizens 
 of Vincenues actually took any steps toward 
 joining him. The unsettled state of the land 
 claims in the Northwestern Territory, and 
 the vast number of speculative and fraudulent 
 claims, induced Congress, in 1804, to establish 
 boards of commissioners to inquire into their 
 validity. Before the close of the year 1810 these 
 boards had severally examined and confirmed a 
 large number of valid and just claims and re- 
 jected a large number of ilfegal and fraudulent 
 claims. In one instance a single perjurer, "fond 
 of liquor," had made depositions in favor of a 
 
 In the month of 
 August the prophet 
 himself visited Vin- 
 cennes and remained 
 ten days, holding 
 conferences with the 
 governor. These in- 
 terviews seem to 
 have modified, in 
 aome degree, at 
 least, the opinions 
 the governor had 
 previously held as 
 to the honesty and 
 good faith of the 
 prophet But later 
 inf ormation, ob- 
 tained from various 
 
 Photo bv Shores 
 
 THE 
 
 sources, confirmed his former impressions that 
 in the prophet and Tecumseh he had to deal 
 with very dangerous persons, who were under 
 the influence of British agents. A second visit 
 of the prophet did not remove his suspicions. 
 
 The governor continued his policy of making 
 treaties with the various nations by w r hich 
 their lands were ceded to the United States and 
 in this he met the constant opposition of Te- 
 cumseh and the prophet. The former plainly 
 told the governor in an interview at Vincenues 
 that he would resist any attempt that should 
 be made to survey these concessions. 
 
 Some time during 1 the year 1806 or 1807, 
 Aaron Burr is said to have visited the. town of 
 Vincennes in the interest of his conspiracy to 
 establish an empire in the Southwest and to 
 have enrolled some of its inhabitants among 
 his followers. His arrest early in the latter 
 
 W ABASH AT HIGH TIDE 
 
 few claimants to the number of two hundred. 
 This man made oath in court, in the presence 
 of the commissioners, to the falsity of his pre- 
 vious depositions. 
 
 In the districts of Kaskaskia and Vincennes 
 many of the inhabitants who had received do- 
 nations of lattd from the government, sold their 
 lands to speculators at the rate of about thirty 
 cents per acre, and in many instances, so little 
 were they capable of managing their affairs, 
 they accepted in payment various kinds of un- 
 profitable merchandise at exorbitant prices. 
 
 As early as the year 1860 "the common" at 
 Vincennes, containing about 5,400 acres, was 
 enclosed by a fence for the confinement of cat- 
 tle, the usage of the French settlers being to 
 keep their cattle within this inclosure and to 
 leave their cultivated fields unfenced. By act 
 of Congress of March 3, 1791, the inhabitants of
 
 VIXCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 57 
 
 Vincennes were au- 
 thorized to use this 
 large common "until 
 otherwise disposed 
 of by law." By act 
 of April 20, 1818, the 
 trustees of Vin- 
 cennes were author- 
 ized to divide the 
 "common" into lots 
 and to sell such lots, 
 applying the pro- 
 ceeds, so far as 
 necessary, to the 
 drainage of a pond 
 in the vicinity of the 
 town, the residue to 
 be paid to the trus- 
 tees of Vincennes 
 University. 
 
 On account of the 
 wide extent of "wil- 
 d e r n e s s country" 
 which separated 
 the various settle- 
 ments within the im- 
 mense territory, the 
 
 Pholo by Shores 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 B. & O. GRAVEL PIT. Site of a hill 35 feet high, now a lake 25 feet deep 
 
 question of a divi- 
 sion of the Indian 
 territory began to be 
 agitated as early as 
 1806. The hardships 
 and dangers, coupled 
 with the attendance 
 of parties and wit- 
 nesses upon the 
 courts, and the diffi- 
 culty of executing 
 the laws in the dis- 
 tant sections were 
 among the most po- 
 tent reasons urged 
 therefor. The divi- 
 sion was effected by 
 an act of Congress of 
 February 3, 1809, 
 which gave to the 
 territory practically 
 the present bound- 
 aries of the state of 
 Indiana. In 1808 the 
 white population of 
 Indiana Territory 
 was estimated at 28,- 
 000, of whom 11,000 
 
 VINCENNES RIVER FRONT
 
 58 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 were westward of 
 the Wabash. 
 
 The act of 1809, by 
 which the division 
 was effected, pro- 
 vided that the Gen- 
 eral Assembly 
 should apportion, the 
 members of the 
 House of Represent- 
 atives to consist of 
 not less than nine 
 nor more than 
 twelve," &c. Appar- 
 ently the fact was 
 overlooked by Con- 
 gress that there was 
 no Legislature In ex- 
 istence and could be 
 none until an elec- 
 tion should be held, 
 and. that an appor- 
 tionment would 
 seem to be a pre-re- 
 quisite to the hold- 
 ing of such an elec- 
 tion. Six days be- 
 fore he had notice of 
 
 Photo ty Shores 
 
 T'h'vo by Shors 
 
 VIEW IN CITY CEMETERY 
 
 VIEW OF WABASH -South of City 
 
 the law dividing the- 
 territory, Governor 
 Harrison had issued 
 writs for an election 
 of members of the 
 Legislature. This 
 Legislature met at 
 Vincennes in the fol- 
 lowing November, 
 but not being coni- 
 stituted and elected 
 according to the new 
 law, conceived that 
 it was not authorized 
 to proceed with leg- 
 islation. The neces- 
 sities of the situa- 
 tion, however, in- 
 duced the Legisla- 
 ture to proceed with 
 the apportionment 
 and to memorialize 
 Congress to legalize 
 the same. This done, 
 the legislature was, 
 at its own request,, 
 prorogued by Gov-
 
 VINCEN'NES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 59' 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Hiskey's Boarding House, Fifth and Church 
 
 ernor Harrison.. 
 On May 22, 1809, 
 an election for dele- 
 gate to Congress was- 
 held, the chief con- 
 testants being Jona- 
 than Jennings, a na- 
 tive of Pennsylvania 
 and an anti-slavery 
 man, and Thomas 
 Randolph, a pro- 
 slavery man, from 
 Virginia. The for- 
 mer received 428 and 
 the latter 402 votes. 
 In Knox County- 
 eighty-one v o t e & 
 were cast for John- 
 Johnson, the total 
 vote of the territory 
 being 911. 
 
 According to the 
 census of 1810, the 
 total white popula- 
 tion of the territory 
 was 24,520. Other 
 statistics taken at 
 that time showed 
 
 Cottage Residences of W. S. Racey and T. F. Palfry
 
 VINCEXNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 that there were within its boundaries 33 grist 
 mills, 14 saw mills, 3 horse mills, 18 tanneries, 
 28 distilleries, 3 powder mills, 1,256 looms, and 
 1,350 spinning wheels. The value of all manu- 
 factures was as follows: Cotton, woolen, hemp- 
 en and flaxen cloths and mixtures, $159,052; 
 cotton and wool, spun in mills, $150(?); nails 
 (20,000 pounds) $4,000; leather, $9,300; distilled 
 spirits (35,000 gal- 
 lons), $16,230; gun- 
 powder (3,600 IDS.). 
 $1,800; wine from 
 grapes (96 bbls.), $6,- 
 000; maple sugar (50,- 
 000 Ibs.), value not 
 stated. 
 
 The year 1810 was 
 one of great anxiety 
 to the governor and 
 inhabitants of Indi- 
 ana Territory on ac- 
 count of the activity 
 of Tecumseh and the 
 prophet, in their ef- 
 forts to unite the In- 
 dians against the 
 policy of the whites. 
 During the summer 
 a number of horses 
 were stolen from 
 settlers in the north- 
 ern part of Knox 
 county on White 
 
 River and other depredations committed. It 
 was the constant effort of Governor Harrison to 
 defeat the hostile designs of the prophet and 
 his brother and to that end he sent many mes- 
 sengers to them, among the men thus employed 
 being a number of the most prominent in the 
 territory, including Colonel Francis Vigo, Tou- 
 sant Dubois, Joseph Barroni, Pierre and Wni. 
 Prince. These were sent to the Delawares and 
 Mia mis with assurances of the friendship and 
 protection of the United States, and warnings 
 of the danger of encouraging the prophet. 
 
 In May a meeting was held by chiefs of the 
 Potawatomies, Chippewas and Ottawas, at a 
 place called the Cow Pasture, on the banks of 
 the St. Joseph River near Lake Michigan. At 
 the suggestion of Governor Harrison', the Dela- 
 wares sent deputies to this meeting and their 
 presence and remonstrances prevented the 
 others from placing themselves at the feet of 
 the prophet. At this time it was believed there 
 
 were with the prophet about 600 warriors. 
 The attitude of the prophet's followers grew 
 more and more arrogant as their numbers in- 
 creased. In the spring of this year they de- 
 clined to receive their "annuities of salt" from 
 the boatmen who attempted to deliver it, and 
 treated them with contempt and great rude- 
 ness. 
 
 OLD RESIDENCE MR. JOHN WISE Built by Judge Parke, 1804 
 
 Governor Harrison continued to send mes- 
 sages of warning to the prophet, but to no ef- 
 fect. Finally, in July, he sent a letter to the 
 prophet endeavoring to convince him of his fol- 
 ly and offering to send him and three chiefs of 
 his own selection to Washington to see the 
 President, if he would prefer to make his com- 
 plaint there. Mr. Barron. the bearer of this 
 letter, was received ini a cold and haughty, even 
 threatening, manner, and accused of being a 
 spy. Mr. Barron received no definite answer, 
 but was informed that Tecumseh would go to 
 Vincennes in a few days and hold a conference 
 with the governor. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 12th of August, the noted 
 chief appeared at the head of seventy-five 
 armed warriors and from that date till the 22d 
 was almost constantly before the governor. 
 Tecumseh had made a number of speeches, but 
 none was preserved until that of the 20th, when 
 Governor Harrison directed his interpreter to
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 61 
 
 take it down in writing. In this speech the 
 chief complains of the sale of lands to the 
 whites by the petty chiefs to whom he denies 
 authority thereto. He claims that he himself 
 is supreme and that unless the lands are re- 
 stored a counsel will be held soon and these 
 recreant chiefs will all be condemned to death, 
 and charges that the governor will be accessory 
 to their murder. Ins this arrogant strain he 
 
 fhoto by Totvnsley 
 
 RESIDENCE B. KUHN, 306 
 continues at length. 
 
 At the conclusion of this speech the governor 
 arose to reply and when speaking of the exact 
 justice and paternal care with which the 
 United States had always dealt with the vari- 
 ous 'tribes he was suddenly interrupted by Te- 
 cumseh, who jumped to his feet, jesticulating 
 
 wildly, and denounced as false the allegations 
 of the governor.* 
 
 The braves with him jumped to their feet 
 and assumed a defiant attitude. The governor, 
 not being acquainted with the language, did' 
 not know what had been said, but the secre- 
 tary of the territory, General Gibson, under- 
 standing, and anticipating possible trouble, di- 
 rected a guard of twelve men, who were at a 
 little distance, to 
 stand to their arms. 
 It looked very 
 stormy for a mo- 
 ment. When the gov- 
 ernor heard the in- 
 terpretation of the 
 language he in- 
 formed Tecumseh 
 that he would no 
 longer treat with 
 him and ordered 
 him to depart to his 
 camp. He was in- 
 formed that the gov- 
 ernor would commu- 
 nicate with the 
 tribes by letter on 
 the subject of the 
 lands recently pur- 
 chased and that if 
 Tecumseh had any- 
 thing further to com- 
 municate he should 
 send the Huron or 
 
 N - Fourth some other chief. 
 
 This interview was held under some large trees 
 which stood near the governor's residence, now 
 corner Park and Scott Streets. 
 
 During the night Tecumseh realized that he 
 had made a mistake and when visited by the 
 interpreter in the morning he begged another 
 interview with the governor and protested that 
 
 *It was related by Mr. Felix Bouchie, an old gentleman of wonderful memory, who died in Vincennes 
 in 1897, after having spent his entire life of eighty years here, that on this occasion Tecumseh asked 
 for a bench. Gen. Harrison asked through the interpreter for what he wanted it. Tecumseh replied 
 that he desired to sit by the General. No bench being obtainable elsewhere, Gen. Harrison, disposed to 
 humor the great chief, sent to St. Xavier Church and secured one of the puncheon benches in use 
 there. When the General and chieftain took their seats on the bench, the latter sat very close to Gen. 
 Harrison, in fact forcing the General to move. Tecumseh promptly followed him up and again 
 crowded him. Again the General moved, only again to be Crowded. Finally, reaching the end of the 
 bench, Gen. Harrison said to the interpreter: "Tell him he is about to crowd me off." This appeared 
 to be the protest for which Tecumseh was looking, and which gave him the opportunity to enforce his 
 points. "Ugh! Ugh!" said he, "Ask the big man how he would like me to crowd him clear off. Ask 
 him how he would like me to crowd him out of the country, as he is crowding me and my people. Tell 
 him we were once to the sea on the east, but we have been crowded back and off. Tell him that all the 
 earth ,the hills and the valleys, the forest and the streams and the fullness thereof were ours one time, 
 but now the paleface has crowded us back till only the space to the setting sun is ours." Gen. Harrison 
 protested that the whites had dealt fairly and honestly with the Indians, and here it was, according to 
 Mr. Bouchie, that Tecumseh lost his temper and gave the lie to the General.
 
 62 
 
 V1NCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 lie had meant no harm by his conduct of the 
 day before, and that he wished to reach an 
 amicable settlement. He said, also, that he 
 liad probably been deceived by white people, 
 who told him that only half the whites were 
 with the governor and that the remainder were 
 friendly to the claims of the Indians, etc., etc. 
 
 Governor Harrison consented to meet him 
 again, and at this meeting, on the 21st, his 
 manner had entirely changed. He was digni- 
 fied and respectful in manner and repeated to 
 General Harrison what he had before said to 
 the interpreter, Mr. Barren. When the gov- 
 ernor asked him whether the Indians would in- 
 terfere with surveyors who might attempt to 
 run the lines of recent purchases, he made it 
 pretty plain that they would be in dangerous 
 business. 
 
 The next day Governor Harrison, with his in- 
 terpreter, visited the camp of Tecumseh. In 
 the course of the interview Tecumseh repeated 
 
 Knox County Orphan's Home, Fairgrounds Avenue 
 
 his former claims and when told bjr the gov- 
 ernor that his pretensions would not be 
 acknowledged by the president, he threw down 
 the gauntlet in the following language: 
 
 "Well, as the Great Chief is to determine the 
 matter, I hope the Great Spirit will put sense 
 enough into his head to induce him to direct 
 you to give us this land. It is true he is so far 
 
 off he will not be injured by the war. He may 
 sit still in his own town and drink his wine, 
 while you and I will have to fight it out." 
 
 Soon after this famous conference between 
 Governor Harrison and Tecumseh a small de- 
 tachment of troops was ordered to move from 
 Newport, Kentucky, to Vincennes. These 
 troops, with three companies of militia and a 
 company of Knox County dragoons, were held 
 in readiness to march into the disputed terri- 
 tory and build a fort on the bank of the Wa- 
 bash near the northern boundary of the land, 
 which was north of the present site of Terre 
 Haute. This was laud that had been acquired 
 by the treaty of Fort Wayne in 1809. The fort 
 was not built, however, until the next year, 
 though a surveyor of the name of McDonald 
 undertook to make the survey in October, 1810. 
 While these momentous events were trans- 
 piring at the Capital, an election for members 
 of the Legislature had been held in the terri- 
 tory on April 2, 1810, 
 pursuant to a proc- 
 lamation of the gov- 
 ernor. In further 
 compliance with the 
 proclani a t i o n the 
 body met at Vin- 
 cenues on the 12th of 
 November in the 
 same year. Of this 
 body the Knox 
 County members 
 were Walter Wilson 
 and William Jones 
 of the Council and 
 General Washington 
 Johnston, Peter 
 Jones and John Cald- 
 well of the House. 
 
 In his message to 
 the legislature at the 
 opening of the ses- 
 sion, Governor Har- 
 rison called attention 
 to the threatening 
 
 attitude of the Indians and the dangerous 
 views some of them entertained with reference 
 to the lands. At the same time he dwelt at 
 length on the necessity of rapid extinction of 
 the Indian title to lands- not only for the benefit 
 of the whites, but likewise of the Indians them- 
 selves, as tending to lead them into civilized 
 modes of life, on the growing scarcity of game.
 
 VIXCEXXES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 63 
 
 Ou the subject of education the governor urged 
 the propriety of making a military education 
 compulsory in both the common schools and the 
 higher institutions of learning. Said he: "Let 
 the masters of the Inferior schools be obliged 
 to qualify themselves and instruct their pupils 
 in the military evolutions, while the university, 
 in addition to the exercises, may have attached 
 to it a professorship 
 of tactics, in which 
 all the sciences con- 
 nected with the art 
 of war may be 
 taught" He dwelt 
 at considerable 
 length on the 
 obvious advantages 
 and the small cost of 
 the innovation. 
 
 The Legislature 
 continued in session 
 thirty-eight days and 
 passed no less than 
 sixty-three acts. 
 Among these was 
 one authorizing the 
 president and direct- 
 ors of the Vincennes 
 Library to raise the 
 sum of $1,000 by lot- 
 tery. At this session 
 also a petition to 
 Congress was pre- 
 
 murdered by whites, added fuel to the smoul- 
 dering wrath of both the savages and the set- 
 tlers. The prophet caused the seizure of some 
 "annuity salt" that was being sent to some 
 northern tribes of Indians, sending word to the 
 governor "riot to be angry at his seizing the 
 salt, as he had got none last year and had more 
 than two thousand men to feed." 
 
 Residence Charles Bierhaus, 424 N. Sixth 
 
 pared asking permission to locate a certain 
 quantity of lauds "lying on the main fork of 
 White River" for a permanent seat of govern- 
 ment; and by an act of the General Assembly, 
 a commission was appointed to select a site for 
 the new capital. 
 
 Governor Harrison continued his efforts to 
 break up the confederacy of the northern tribes, 
 but the activity of the British agents, who be- 
 lieved that a war was approaching between 
 England and America and were determined to 
 secure the friendship of the Indians, rendered 
 his efforts in a measure abortive. While the 
 governor was instructed to preserve the pacific 
 relations with the Indians, if possible, the secre- 
 tary of war intimated that "the surest means 
 of securing good behavior from the prophet and 
 Tecumseh would be to make them prisoners." 
 
 During the spring and summer of 1811 a num- 
 ber of murders were committed by roving 
 bands of Indians, and some isolated Indians 
 
 Governor Harrison sent Captain Wilson with 
 a speech addressed to the prophet and Tecum- 
 seh in which he recounted information he had 
 received from various sources as to the sinister 
 designs of the conspirators, demanding satis- 
 faction for the seizure of the salt, suggesting 
 that the surest means of establishing the purity 
 of their motives would be to visit the president 
 and lay their grievances before him, renewing 
 his offer to provide them means for the jour- 
 ney, and informing Tecumseh that his pro- 
 posed visit to Vincennes at the head of a large 
 body of men would be taken as an unfriendly 
 act. Tecumseh replied in a short written letter 
 saying he would visit Vincennes within eighteen 
 days and that then all the matters would be 
 settled. 
 
 On the 27th of July Tecumseh came to Vin- 
 cennes at the head of a body of about 300 In- 
 dians. Suspecting his designs, Governor Har- 
 rison took pains to have at hand a military
 
 64 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 force of 700 or 800 men, and if Tecumseh had 
 any ulterior intentions they were not developed. 
 He remained several days. He still professed 
 a desire to be at peace with the whites, but con- 
 tinued to maintain the same attitude with ref- 
 erence to the sale of the Indian lands; said he 
 was going* to visit the Southern Indians, the 
 Creeks, Chickasaws and Choctaws, for the pur- 
 pose of uniting them in his proposed confed- 
 eracy. He said he would on his return visit 
 Washington and that everything would be satis- 
 factorily adjusted. After the conference he de- 
 parted southward with about twenty followers. 
 On July 31, 1811, a public meeting was held 
 at Vincennes for the purpose of declaring by 
 resolutions the danger td which the white in^ 
 habitants were exposed and also to petition the 
 President to disperse the prophet's band of hos- 
 tile Indians. Already, however, had the Presi- 
 dent, on the 17th, instructed the secretary of 
 war to authorize Governor Harrison to call out 
 
 Photo by Toii>nsley 
 
 House in which Territorial Legislature Met 
 
 the territorial militia and if circumstances re- 
 quired, attack the prophet and his followers. 
 He was also authorized to call to his aid the 
 fourth U. S. infantry, then stationed at the 
 falls of the Ohio. 
 
 The governor promptly gave orders to Colonel 
 Boyd to move with his regiment to Vincennes, 
 where it was joined by the militia and the 
 
 garrison of Fort Knox. In accordance with the 
 earnestly expressed desire of the government to 
 preserve the peace with the Northwestern Indi- 
 ans, the governor dispatched, by special messen- 
 gers, written speeches to the various tribes with- 
 in his territory, requiring them to "fulfill the con- 
 ditions of their treaties with the United States, 
 to avoid all acts of hostility to the whites and 
 to make a positive disavowal of union or con- 
 nection with the Shawanee prophet." 
 
 On the 25th of September, a little before the 
 governor was ready to move on his expedition 
 against the prophet, a deputation arrived from 
 the prophet with protestations of peace, and de- 
 claring the willingness of the Indians to com- 
 ply with the governor's demands. 
 
 Governor Harrison's little army, about 1,000 
 strong, moved northward on the 26th of 
 September. On the 3d of October, without in- 
 cident, it arrived at a point about two miles 
 north of where Terre Haute now stands. It 
 then went into camp 
 and inline di a t e 1 y 
 made preparations to 
 build a fort, which, 
 when completed, on 
 the 28th of October, 
 was named, by the 
 unanimous vote of 
 the officers. "Fort 
 Harrison." While en- 
 gaged here Governor 
 Harrison received 
 visits from friendly 
 Indians, who told 
 him of the growing 
 hostility of the 
 prophet and his 
 motley horde of fol- 
 lowers. The Dela- 
 wares reported that 
 he had sent a "war 
 speech" to some of 
 the chiefs of their 
 tribe, who were on 
 their way to meet 
 
 the governor at his request. In this speech he 
 declared his tomahawk was up against the 
 whites, etc., etc. Some of the Delaware chiefs 
 visited the prophet and endeavored to dissuade 
 him from his purpose. 
 
 Leaving a small garrison under Lieutenant- 
 Colonel James Miller, at Fort Harrison, the 
 governor proceeded on his march toward the
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 65 
 
 prophet's town, on the 29th of October. On the 
 31st they crossed the Wabash near the site of 
 the present town of Montezuma, in .farke 
 County. At this time the governor's force 
 amounted to 910 men, of whom two hundred 
 and fifty were regulars, under command of 
 Colonel Boyd; sixty volunteers, from Kentucky, 
 ami six hundred citizens of the territory, largely 
 from Knox County. Among the volunteers 
 were a number who had gained distinction in 
 Kentucky and held high commands, who here 
 served as privates. Major- General Samuel 
 Wells, of Kentucky, became a plain major in 
 the governors little urmy and in the battle did 
 not fail to sustain a well-earned fame as an 
 Indian fighter. 
 
 On the 2d of November a block house was 
 built about two miles below the mouth of the 
 Big Vermillion River, and a sergeant and eight 
 men detailed to protect the boats, which had 
 thus far transported the provisions. 
 
 Residence Mrs. J. H. Rabb, 524 Broadway 
 
 Resuming the march on the morning of the 
 3d, and leaving the Wabash, keeping the 
 prairie lands in the general direction of the 
 river, the army cnme in view of the prophet's 
 town on the afternoon of the 6th of November. 
 Various things had occurred during the day to 
 convince Governor Harrison of the hostility of 
 the Indians and he proceeded with great cau- 
 
 tion. As they approached the prophet's town 
 messengers came out to meet them and desired 
 to speak to the governor. He recognized in one 
 a chief high in the confidence of the prophet, 
 and accorded him, an interview, '.these men 
 said the chiefs were greatly surprised at his ap- 
 proach in battle array. The governor replied 
 that he did not intend to attack them until 
 satisfied that they would not comply with the 
 demands he had made. They claimed that a 
 message had been two days before sent him by 
 the friendly Potawatamie chief, Win-a-mac, etc. 
 The governor said he would go and camp on 
 the Wabash and in the morning would have an 
 interview with the prophet and his chief. It 
 was agreed on both sides that no hostilities 
 should in the meantime be committed. 
 
 Not finding a suitable camping ground, the 
 gov trnor continued his march till he approached 
 very niear the village, when he was again met 
 by the prophet's messengers, after having been 
 interrupted by a vio- 
 lent demonstration 
 on the part of a 
 body of Indians. The 
 governor explained 
 that he had not 
 found a suitable 
 camping ground on 
 the Wabash, as he 
 had expected, and 
 asked the Indian if 
 he could direct him 
 to one. He was di- 
 rected to "a creek to 
 the northwest." Hav- 
 ing had the place ex- 
 amined by some of 
 his officers and re- 
 ceiving a favorable 
 report, the army was 
 marched to the 
 point and went into 
 camp. 
 
 Governor Harrison 
 was not altogether 
 
 pleased with the location, finding it dry and 
 high enough but almost surrounded by marshes, 
 whose willow growth would form an excellent 
 screen for the savage foe. However, he de- 
 cided to make the most of a bad bargain, and, 
 taking every possible precaution against sur- 
 prise, went into camp. The men were disposed 
 to the best advantage for repelling a night at-
 
 66 
 
 VIXCEXXES IX PICTURE AXD STORY 
 
 tack, should one be made, and were instructed 
 to sleep with their clothing and accountrements 
 on, with firearms loaded and bayonets fixed. 
 
 Notwithstanding the great caution taken to 
 avoid -surprise, and the strong guards that were 
 posted, it is not believed that the commanding 
 officers expected that an attack would be made 
 that night. It came, however, after the Indian 
 fa shion, about two 
 hours before sunrise 
 on the morning of 
 the 7th of November. 
 Although the gov- 
 ernor says he had 
 risen, at a quarter 
 past four o'clock, 
 and in two minutes 
 more would have 
 given the signal for 
 calling out the men, 
 so sudden was the 
 attack that many In- 
 dians were in the 
 camp before they 
 were dis covered. 
 The attack was 
 made from all sides 
 by a force of Indians 
 variously estimated 
 at from 350 to 1,000. 
 and nothing but the 
 most intrepid valor 
 on the part of both 
 
 minority. Many more officers were among the 
 wounded. The loss of the Indians was believed 
 to be at least as great as that of the whites, 
 as thirty-eight dead were left on the field of 
 battle. During the battle the prophet encour- 
 aged his followers, who were composed of 
 small numbers from various tribes, as the 
 Shawanees, Wyandots, KIckapoos Ottawas. 
 
 Cottage Residence V Schoenfeld 617 Busseron 
 
 officers and men, could have saved the day. 
 In his report of the action the governor says: 
 "Under these discouraginig circumstances the 
 troops (nineteen-twentieths of whom had never 
 been under fire before) behaved in a manner 
 that can never be too much applauded. They 
 took their positions without noise and with less 
 confusion than could have been expected of 
 veterans placed in a similar position." The bat- 
 tle raged hotly until after daylight, which en- 
 abled the governor's command effectively to 
 charge and dislodge the Indians, who were 
 driven to precipitate flight. 
 
 The victory was purchased, however, at no 
 small cost, the loss In killed amounting to thir- 
 ty-seven, while the wounded aggregated 151, of 
 whom twenty-five died of their wounnds. 
 Among the killed and mortally wounded were 
 three colonels, three captains, two lieutenants 
 ' and Thomas Randolph, Esq., who had recently 
 been defeated for Congress by a very small 
 
 Chippewas, Potawatamies, Winnebagoes, Sacs 
 and a few Miamis. He stood on a small eleva- 
 tion near the battle ground chanting a war 
 song in an exceptionally loud voice. He told 
 his followers they would gain an easy victory, 
 that the bullets of the Americans would be ren- 
 dered harmle>s. When told that some of the 
 Indians had been killed he still encouraged 
 them to continue the fight, saying they would 
 soon be victorious. After the battle his fol- 
 lowers, having lost faith in him, almost all 
 dispersed and rejoined their various tribes. 
 
 The deserted prophet's town, which contained 
 a large amount of corn, was destroyed on the 
 morning of the eighth, and the next day the 
 army took up its return march, arriving at Fort 
 Harrison on the 14th of November, whence the 
 wounded were sent forward by boats to Vin- 
 cennes. The army continued its march, reach- 
 ing Vinvennes on the 18th. This battle of Tip- 
 pecanoe was fought on the banks of Burnet's
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 67 
 
 Creek, about seven miles north-east of tiie pres- 
 ent city of Lafayette, iu Tippecauoe County. 
 It became famous iu a large degree through 
 its adoption as a "slogan'' during the campaign 
 in which Mr. Harrison was subsequently elect- 
 ed President of the United States. 
 
 The news of the battle and its results having 
 reached the capital, the Legislature and the 
 people made preparations to greet the victorious 
 army and its commander with appropriate hon- 
 ors. It was "resolved" by the Legislature that 
 that body would wait upon the g9yernor iu a 
 body and "in their own names and those of 
 their constituents, welcome him home," and 
 General Washington Johnston was appointed a 
 committee to make the same known to the 
 governor at the head of the army, "should un- 
 forseen circumstances not prevent." An appro- 
 priate and highly complimentary address was 
 adopted and delivered to the governor on his 
 arrival. 
 
 KNOX COUNTY INFIRMARY 
 
 But these demonstrations of esteem and ap- 
 proval did not meet with universal approbation 
 among the citizens of Yincennes or the mem- 
 bers of the Legislature, where the governor was 
 not without opponents, and indeed inveterate 
 enemies. The address, which was prepared 
 In the council, was adopted by the close margin 
 of onlv four to three votes, seven members be- 
 
 ing present. There were not a few of the resi- 
 dents \vko dissapproved of the Indian policy of 
 the governor and were opposed to the expedi- 
 tion when undertaken. These soon developed a 
 disposition to rob the governor of his just meed 
 of praise and to award the honors for the vic- 
 tory to Colonel Boyd of the regular army, who, 
 it was claimed by the enemies of Harrison, had 
 saved the day, and that, but for him and his 
 regiment, the militia would have been de- 
 stroyed. On the 25th of November the House 
 adopted joint resolutions, which, on account of 
 the "strong, special and somewhat exclusive 
 praise" which they bestowed on Colonel Boyd 
 and his regiment,, were "disagreed to" by the 
 Council. Later the House adopted a series of 
 resolutions in which Colonel Boyd and the 
 United States troops received special thanks, as 
 did also the militia under Colonel Luke Decker 
 and Colonel Joseph Bartholomew, and the sol- 
 diers composing the volunteer corps from Ken- 
 
 tucky. 
 
 This called fortu 
 from the governor a 
 strong protest as 
 not giving to the 
 mounted riflemen of 
 the territory and to 
 the squadron of 
 dragons the notice to 
 which they were 
 justly entitled. The 
 governor recounted 
 the distinguished 
 services of these 
 men, recalling tLe 
 heavy losses they 
 had suffered among 
 their officers and 
 men. Answering the 
 governor, the House 
 disclaimed any in- 
 tentional neglect of 
 the commands in 
 question and inti- 
 mated they were sup- 
 posed to be included in the term "militia," as 
 used in the original resolution. 
 
 These proceedings are recalled here as show- 
 ing the jealousies which existed, even at that 
 early day, on the subject of military glory and 
 honor. Bitter partisan politics had much 
 to do with the public service even in that 
 day.
 
 68 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 WAR OF 1812. GOVERNOR HARRISON IN 
 COMMAND OF UNITED STATES FORCES. 
 CAPITAL LEAVES VINCENNES. 
 During the month of December, 1811, Gov- 
 ernor Harrison received overtures of peace 
 from various bands of Indians who had been 
 associated with the 
 prophet, but declined 
 .to meet them in 
 council - till tne 
 prophet and all his 
 followers who did 
 not belong to the 
 Wabash were re- 
 moved from the 
 country." 
 
 Tecumseh, on his 
 return north, ap- 
 peared among the 
 Miami Indians soon 
 after the defeat of 
 h i s brother, the 
 prophet, at Tippe- 
 canoe. He is said to 
 have reproved the 
 prophet in strong 
 terms for permitting 
 the Indians to at- 
 tack Governor Harri- 
 son's command. 
 
 In December, 1811, 
 
 a memorial was adopted by the Legislature, 
 asking Congress to authorize the people of In- 
 diana Territory to form a state constitution. 
 
 The declaration of war made in June, 1812, 
 against Great Britain by the United States was 
 no cause of surprise, either to the white in- 
 habitants of Indiana Territory or to the Indians. 
 The latter had been accustomed to the idea 
 through the British traders and emissaries for 
 years past. In January, Little Turtle, a dis- 
 tinguished chief of the Miamis, whose village 
 was near Fort Wayne, in a message to Gov- 
 ernor Harrison, alluded to the signs of an ap- 
 proaching war and expressed the attachment 
 of the Miami and Eel River Indians to the 
 United States. The Delawares, also, were 
 friendly. It soon became apparent, however, 
 that the Kickapoos, Potawatamies and Wintne- 
 bagoes were bent on mischief, and marauding 
 parties from these tribes began to murder and 
 pillage the frontiers. During the month of 
 
 April several families within the state were 
 murdered. On the 22d of April, 1812, Mr. 
 Haryraan, who resided at the mouth of the 
 Embarrass River, but a few miles below Vin- 
 cenues, with his wife and five children, was- 
 murdered. 
 
 Governor Harrison issued. orders designed to 
 place the militia on the best possible war foot- 
 
 Residence Dr. L. M. Beckes, 609 Main 
 
 ing and commanding the officers of the various 
 organizations throughout the state to be in 
 readiness and promptly to pursue and punish 
 any parties of Indians who should commit 
 depredations. Block houses and picketed 
 forts were erected throughout the state, and 
 especially on the borders of Knox County set- 
 tlements. 
 
 In May a grand council of the various Indian 
 tribes was held at an Indian village on tne 
 Mississinewa River. The representation was 
 large and embraced almost all the tribes within 
 the present states of Indiana and Illinois. The 
 orators all expressed the strongest friendship 
 for the United States and the most earnest 
 desire for peace. Tecumseh was there and 
 made a speech in which he stated that "the 
 unhappy affair which had taken place between 
 the white people and a few of our young men 
 has been settled between us and Governor Har- 
 rison." He said there would be no more cause
 
 VIXCEXXES IX PICTURE AXD STORY 
 
 69 
 
 .given b3 r his people for an attack by the whites, 
 and chided the Potawatamies for not having 
 taken better care to see that their treaty obli- 
 gations were preserved inviolate. In closing he 
 said: ''Should the bad acts of our brothers, the 
 Potawatamies, draw on us the ill will of our 
 white brothers, and they should come again 
 and make an unprovoked attack on us. at our 
 village, we will die like men; but we will never 
 strike the first blow." 
 
 There appeared but one sentiment at the 
 council, that of friendliness to the United 
 States, and a large number of the Indians soon 
 after went to Fort Wayne and so reported to 
 the Indian agent, Mr. Stickney, who demanded 
 of the Winnebagoes, Kickapoos and Shawanees, 
 as proof of their honesty, that they give up for 
 punishment those of their tribes who had been 
 guilty of murdering white settlers. To this 
 they apparently agreed. 
 
 Pritchett's Old War Horse, "Robbin" 
 
 Tecumseh was not satisfied with the result 
 of the Mississinewa council, and soon after the 
 declaration of war against England, on June 18, 
 1812, he went to Maiden and joined himself to 
 the British force. 
 
 Soon after Governor Harrison received otti- 
 cial notice of the declaration of war he visite:i 
 Kentucky and secured the cooperation of Gov- 
 
 ernor Scott in the protection of the frontier, a 
 large number of Kentucky volunteers ibefng en- 
 listed in that behalf. 
 
 It was not, however, until the latter part of 
 August, after the temporary disasters to the 
 United States forces at Macinac, Detroit and 
 Chicago, that the Indians began to take a bold 
 attitude. In the early part of September they 
 began to assemble in considerable numbers in 
 the vicinity of Fort Wayne, and on the night of 
 of September 4, a considerable force made a 
 savage attack on Fort Harrison, then gar- 
 risoned by a small detachment under command 
 of Captain Zachary Taylor, afterwards Presi- 
 dent of the United States. The Indians fired 
 the fort but the fire was extinguished after a 
 considerable breach had been made in the 
 walls, and the garrison succeeded in holding its 
 own till day, when the Indians retired. 
 When information of the attack on Fort Har- 
 rison reached Vin- 
 cennes, Colonel Wm. 
 Russell of the Sev- 
 enth U. S. infantry, 
 at the head of a 
 force of 1,200 men, 
 marched to the relief 
 of the fort. On reach- 
 ing Fort Harrison, It- 
 was found that the 
 Indians had de- 
 camped, and, leaving 
 Colonel Wilcox with 
 his regiment of Ken- 
 tucky volunteers at 
 the fort, the remain- 
 der of the relief ex- 
 pedition returned to 
 VIncennes. A few 
 days later, Lieuten- 
 ant Richardson, with 
 a detachment of 
 eleven men, was 
 escorting provisions 
 from Vincennes to 
 Fort Harrison when 
 Indians and seven men 
 
 he was attacked by 
 killed and one wounded. 
 
 In August, 1812, Governor Harrison was 
 breveted Major-General of Militia of Kentucky 
 by Governor Scott, and invested with the su- 
 preme command of all the Kentucky forces 
 operating for the defense of the Xorthwestern 
 Territories. Two thousand Kentuckians and
 
 70 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 'Photo by Townsley 
 
 700 Ohioans who bad rendezvoused at Piqua, 
 Ohio, marched under command of Governor 
 Harrison to the relief of Fort Wayne, which 
 was invested by hostile Indians in force. On 
 the approach of Governor Harrison the Indians 
 retired. On the 19th of September General 
 Harrison surrendered the command of troops 
 at Fort Wayne to 'Brigadier-General Winches- 
 ter, but five days 
 later received dis 
 patches from Wash- 
 i n g t o n, assigning 
 him to the command 
 of the Northwestern 
 army, with the rank 
 of brigadier-general. 
 This army, estimted 
 at 10,000 men, was 
 composed of the 
 various detachments 
 of regulars and rang- 
 ers within the terri- 
 tory, the volunteers 
 and militia of Ohio 
 and Kentucky, and 
 three thousand men 
 from Virginia and 
 Pennsylvania. Gen- 
 eral Harrison was in- 
 structed to provide 
 for the protection of 
 the frontier and men 
 
 the service and General Hopkins immediately 
 set about organizing a new force of infantry 
 for the purpose of destroying the Indian vil- 
 lages in the vicinity of the prop-bet's town, 
 which had been rebuilt. This force, consisting 
 of three regiments of Kentucky militia, a com- 
 pany of regulars under Captain Z. Taylor, a~ 
 company of rangers under Captain Becker, an<L 
 
 Miss Lillian 
 
 to retake Detroit, 
 and, with a view to 
 the conquest of upper Canada," to "penetrate 
 that country" as far as the force under his -com- 
 mand would, in Lus judgment, justify. 
 
 At this time there was stationed at Vincennes . 
 a force of mounted volunteers from Kentucky 
 under General Samuel Hopkins, A no had dis- 
 tinguished himself in the Revolutionary war. 
 General Hopkins was expected to take care of 
 the Indians on the Wabash and Illinois Rivers. 
 Early in October he moved up the Wabash, 
 crossing near Fort Harrison into the Illinois 
 country, intending to seek some Indian villages 
 in the direction of Peoria. Soon after cross- 
 ing the river, signs of mutiny and discontent 
 became apparent in his ranks, and finally, after 
 a six days' march, had grown to such an ex- 
 tent that the general lost control and his army 
 refused to follow him further, but turned about 
 and returned, he in the rear. 
 
 On its return this army was mustered out of 
 
 Miller's Residence, 6J8 Broadway 
 a company of scouts,- left Vincennes '"" *jie 5th 
 of November, returning late in the mt >n ^ with- 
 out haying accomplished Anything DI vo .".'. ) tne 
 destruction of some deserted Indian villages, 
 and. having lost heavily in an ambuscade of a 
 detached party, eighteen men killed ai <1 a num- 
 ber wounded. 
 
 On the eighteenth of December, Gen. Hopkins 
 resigned his command and annouuc Hi his in- 
 tention to *retir"e from military life. 
 
 While General Harrison was with the armies- 
 actively engaged in the service of the United 
 States government, the government of the terri- 
 tory of Indiana devolved on the secretary, Gen- 
 eral John Gibson. General Gibson issued a 
 proclamation in December, 1812, requiring the 
 Legislature to meet at Vincennes on the first 
 day of February. 1813, which it did. It re- 
 mained in session until the 12th of March. 
 Among the bills passed were the following: To>
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 71 
 
 improve the uavigation of \Yhite River, orgau- 
 i/.iiiL' the counties of Warrick and Gibsou, to 
 open and improve roads and highways, to regu- 
 late the granting of divorces and for the inspec- 
 tion of flour, beef and pork. The law removing 
 the seat of government from Vincennes to Cory- 
 don, in Harrison County, was also passed at 
 this session, and provided that "from and after 
 the first day of May, 1813," the capital of the 
 territory should be Corydon. This decision was 
 reached on the eleventh of March and on the 
 following day, in conformity with a joint reso- 
 lution, the General Assembly was prorogued by 
 acting Governor Gibson to meet at Corydon on 
 the first Monday in December, 1813. 
 
 During the year 1813 there was great activity 
 within the borders of Indiana Territory in the 
 matter of providing block houses for the pro- 
 tection of the outlying districts. While the In- 
 dians did not venture to attack any of these, 
 
 Phofo by Shores 
 
 Residence Edw. Watson, 622 N. Seventh 
 
 zen was sh;jt, stabbed and scalped in the neigh- 
 borhood of the city. 
 
 In February, 1813, the President appointed to 
 the governorship of the territory, Colonel 
 Thomas Posey, a United States senator from 
 Louisiana. The new governor arrived at Vin- 
 cennes and entered upon the discharge of his 
 duties in the following May. 
 
 Pursuant to the terms of prorogation of 
 the preceding March, the General Assembly 
 met at Corydon on Monday, Dec. 6, 1813, and 
 received the first message of Governor Posey. 
 The many successes which had attended the 
 American arms in the northwest under the gen- 
 eral direction of General Harrison, culminating 
 in the famous battle of the Thames on the 5th 
 of October, 1813, where Tecumseh was killed in 
 the British ranks, wrought a great work in the 
 way of pacifying the Indian tribes, who began 
 in large numbers to sue for peace, and the set- 
 tlements of the In- 
 diana Territory be- 
 came comparatively 
 quiet and secure. By 
 the early part of 
 1814 considerable 
 numbers of immi- 
 grants from the East 
 .began to come into 
 a the territory. 
 
 On the tenth of 
 September, 1814, by 
 act of the Legisla- 
 ture, the Bank of 
 Vincennes was char- 
 tered, with a capital- 
 ization of $5,000.000, 
 the charter extend- 
 ing to Oct. 1, 1835. 
 This charter was 
 recognized and con- 
 firmed by the state 
 constitution of 181t>, 
 and the first State 
 Legislature, by act 
 of Jan. 1. 1S17. 
 
 they were, in small bands, quite active, and did 
 much mischief in the way of single murders, 
 and in the killing and driving off of stock. 
 Among the depredations committed in the vicin- 
 ity of Vincennes -..-ere the killing of two men 
 seven miles west of the town in March, and 
 about The same time the theft of twenty horses 
 from citizens of the vicinity. In July a citi- 
 
 adopted the Rank of Vincennes as the "State 
 n.-mk of Indiana." This act enlarged the cor- 
 porate powers of the bank and authorized an 
 increase of $1.000,000 in its capital, divided into 
 shares of $100. of which 3.7.10 were reserved 
 for the state, to be subs< . rilu-d for from time to 
 time by the governor. This bank was also 
 authorised t adopt the Farmers' and Mechan-
 
 72 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Photo by Tcmnsley 
 
 ics' Bank, of Madison, chartered somewhat 
 earlier than the Yiucennes institution, as one 
 of its branches. For some time the affairs of 
 this bank appear to have been managed with 
 prudence, but before the year 1821, the man- 
 agement had become so shamefully corrupt and 
 its violations of its charter provisions so notori- 
 ous, that the Legislature in that year authorized 
 proceedings against 
 the bank by writ of 
 quo warranto, with 
 the result that it 
 was deprived of its 
 charter and banking 
 privileges. It was 
 charged with con- 
 tracting debts to an 
 amount double that 
 of the deposits, the 
 excessive issue of 
 paper with fraudu- 
 lent intent, the pay- 
 ment of large divi- 
 dends to sharehold- 
 ers while refusing to 
 redeem its notes in 
 specie, and the em- 
 bezzlement of large 
 sums deposited for 
 safe keeping. A 
 large amount of 
 notes circulated -by 
 this institution and 
 
 sion of the territory into the union as a state. 
 Calling attention to the provision of the or- 
 dinance of 1787, under which the territory was 
 organized, by which it was provided that the 
 territory should be entitled to statehood when 
 it contained a white population of 60.000, it was 
 shown by certificates from the county clerks 
 of the various counties that the population at 
 
 
 Its branches at 
 
 Residence J. L. Bayard 
 
 Brookville, Corydon and Vevay, became worth- 
 less. The notes of the Farmers' & Mechanics' 
 Bank, of Madison were, however, ultimately 
 redeemed. 
 
 The building containing the recorder's offir-e 
 at Vincennes was destroyed by fire in January, 
 1814, consuming all the books, papers and rec- 
 ords belonging to the office. In September fol- 
 lowing, commissioners were appointed to re- 
 store them, so far as possible, by taking evi- 
 dence. 
 
 CHAPTER. XIV. 
 
 INDIANA BECOMES A STATE. BLAC.v- 
 HAWK WAR. WAR OF THE REBEL- 
 LION. 
 
 The Territorial Legislature convened at Cory- 
 don on the frst Monday in December. 181 >. and 
 on the 14th of that month . adopted a memo- 
 rial to Congress, designed to secure the adinis- 
 
 , President First National Bank. 505 N. Sixth 
 
 that time was 63.897. The population of Knox 
 County was certified as 8,068, and was larger 
 than that of any other county. 
 
 Congress passed an act which became a law 
 April 19, 1816, -.authorizing the people of Indi- 
 ana to adopt a constitution and providing for 
 its admission as a state. 
 
 Pursuant to this act a constitutional conven- 
 tion was chosen in May following. The mem- 
 bers from Knox County were John Johnson, 
 John Badollet, William Polke, Benjamin Parke 
 and John Benefiel. The session was begun at 
 Corydon. June 10. and completed its labors on 
 the 29th of the same ironth. 
 
 An flection for state embers, under the con- 
 stitution, was held in August. 1816. and Jona- 
 than Jennings, who had presided over the de- 
 liberations of the constitutional convention, 
 was chosen governor, receiving 3.211 votes, to 
 3.934 cast for Governor Posey. William Polke
 
 V1NCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 73 
 
 -was elected state senator from Kiiox County, 
 and Isaac Blackford, Walter Wilson and Henry 
 I. Mills were the members of the Lower House 
 from Knox. Mr. Blackford was elected speaker 
 of the House on the organization of that body. 
 On the seventh of November the state officers 
 took the oath of office and a new state was 
 born into Uncle Sam's family. 
 
 The years of quiet succeeding the war of 1812 
 were prosperous ones for the new state and 
 immierration flowed into its borders at an im- 
 mense rate, so:that by the year 1820, less than 
 four years from the date of its admission, its 
 population had more than doubled and the cen- 
 sus of that year showed a population of more 
 than 147,000 souls. 
 
 BLACKHAWK WAR. The rapid settle- 
 ment of the state, and the treaties with 
 the various tribes of Indians, rendered the 
 citizens of Indiana comparatively secure 
 
 < Pho!o by Totonsley 
 
 Residence John Bierhaus, Seventh and Busseron 
 
 from their depredations, but in the year 
 1832 the famous Sac chief, Blackhawk, as- 
 sumed an arrogant and threatening attitude 
 and disturbed the peace of Illinois and greatly 
 alarmed the outlying settlements on the bor- 
 ders of Indiana. Governor Noble called out 
 the militia to protect the northern settlements. 
 A company of United States rangers was or- 
 
 ganized in Kuox County by Captain B. V. 
 Beckes, known as "Company B, of mounted 
 rangers, army of the United States," com- 
 manded by Major Henry Dodge. The officers 
 of the company were: Captain, Ben. V. Beckes; 
 first lieutenant, Samuel Smith; second lieuten- 
 ant, George Leach. The men were enlisted for 
 a year and spent the winter of 1832-3, at Can- 
 tonment Johnson, on River Deshee. In his re- 
 port of the service of his company, Captain 
 Beckes says: "I left Cantonment Johnson by 
 way of Carlisle, Merom, Terre Haute, Clinton, 
 Danville, Iroquois, Beaver Creek, Rock Creek, 
 Hickory Creek, DuPage, Fox River, 'Pop Pau' 
 Grove, Dixon's Ferry, and encamped four 
 miles west of Dixon's Ferry, on my way to 
 Fort Armstrong, with my company in good 
 order and fit or service." Later he reports 
 having returned to Cantonment Johnson in De- 
 cember "and commenced building barracks, 
 . . which have been 
 
 completed some time 
 and the company 
 regularly drilled 
 since. As no blood 
 was spilled on Indi- 
 ana ground during 
 this war, Captain 
 Beckes and his Knox 
 County boys had no 
 opportunity to prove 
 their valor on the 
 battleground. There 
 were, however, no 
 less than six deaths 
 in Captain Beckes' 
 company before it 
 was mustered out of 
 the service. On the 
 roster of the com- 
 pany appear many 
 names familiar 
 among the inhabit- 
 ants of the Vin- 
 cennes of to-day. 
 
 From the date of 
 
 the Black Hawk campaign to that of the War 
 of the Rebellion, there was nothing in the his- 
 tory of the country to stir the patriotism of the 
 Knox County people or make martial history, 
 p.nve the Mexican War of 1840, and the small 
 dvMi'aml on the State of Indiana for soldiers for 
 tlvit war gave Knox County no opportunity to 
 put into the field any complete organization,
 
 74 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Mrs. Carrie Stallard made the presentation on 
 behalf of the ladies of the city in the following 
 language, addressing herself to Captain Har- 
 row: 
 
 "Sir, with mingled feelings of pain and pleas- 
 ure we look upon your noble company; pain, 
 when we look upon the distracted condition of 
 our once happy country; pleasure, when we re- 
 
 t hough there were a number of enlistments 
 from the county for that war. 
 
 WAR OF THE REBELLION. On the break- 
 ing out of the War of the Rebellion sentiment 
 in and about Vincennes was greatly divided. 
 Though Mr. Lincoln had received several hun- 
 dred votes in the county, there was a large ele- 
 ment out of sympathy with him and his views, 
 and the current of 
 feeling ran high in 
 the early days of the 
 war. Nevertheless 
 patriotism rapidly 
 gained the upper 
 hand and military 
 organizations began 
 to be formed early 
 in the spring of 
 1861. The first com- 
 pany formed in Vin- 
 cinnes was a com- 
 p a n y of "H o m e 
 Guards," with J. II. 
 Massey as captain, 
 P. B. La Plante, J. 
 T. Coleman and J. C. 
 Denny, lieutenants 
 This company, or- 
 ganized while senti- 
 ment was in the 
 formative period 
 adopted the follow- 
 ing resolution: "Re- 
 solved That the ob- Residence John Hattigan; Fourth and Church Streets 
 
 jcct of this organization is peace at home, not 
 destruction abroad not an aggressive war, but 
 a defensive peace not for subjugation or coer- 
 cion, but to arrest turmoil and to maintain the 
 law." This resolution created not a little com- 
 ment and caustic criticism. We are glad to 
 note that a great number of the members of 
 this organization later enlisted in other organ- 
 izations and did honorable service at the front. 
 A number of companies were organized in 
 various parts of the county but the first to offer 
 their services to the government were the "Old 
 Post Guards" and the "Knox County Invinci- 
 bles." The "Invincibles" was the first com- 
 pany to depart, which they did on the 10th of 
 May, 1801. Before leaving for Camp Vigo, at 
 Terre Haute, they were given a banquet by 
 the ladies of Vincennes and presented with a 
 beautiful and costly silk flag. The presenta- 
 tion was at the residence of Captain Denny, and 
 
 member that we have such a gallant band will- 
 ing to leave home and friends and go forth at 
 their country's call. History will grite of the 
 great Rebellion of the Nineteenth Century, and 
 of those who laid down their lives when their 
 country was in danger. May your names be 
 enrolled among the Union's brave sons. In be- 
 half of the ladies of Vincennes I present you 
 with the American flag. Should the Star 
 Spangled banner wave o'er the battlefield, as 
 your eyes rest upon it think of home and coun- 
 try. Our best wishes and prayers will attend 1 
 you, while our sympathies and feelings will be 
 with your loved ones at home. We need not 
 charge you to be true to the Stars and Stripes. 
 We believe the bravest and best blood would 
 be poured out in defense of the flag under 
 which our fathers, with George Washington as 
 their leader, fought and won such glorious 
 victories. Our Heavenly Fatlu-r was with
 
 VIXCEXNBS IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 75 
 
 them; He will be with you. Death to the 
 traitor that would try to trail that flag through 
 the dust of shame. All honest hearts in this 
 will share and follow it to death or fame." 
 
 Response was made by Captain Harrow in 
 suitable words. 
 
 These two companies became B and G, of the 
 famous Fourteenth Indiana infantry. Though 
 enlisted under the call of the state for six regi- 
 ments of twelve-months men, they were, on 
 the 7th of June, mustered into the service of 
 the United States, being the first regiment so 
 mustered from the state. It went to Indian- 
 apolis, June 24th, and on the 5th of July left 
 for West Virginia, and was soon engaged in 
 active operations. The regiment was com- 
 manded by Colonel Nathan Kimball. No vol- 
 unteer regiment, probably, saw more actfcve 
 service or made a more honorable record than 
 did the Fourteenth. 
 
 Phoro by 7<ftnsley 
 
 Residence Harry V. Somes, Jr., Assis't Cashier First National Bank, 50J N. Third 
 
 who went into the battle, thirty-one were killed 
 and 151 wounded, more than fifty per cent. 
 It led the charge at Fredericksburg on the 13th 
 of December, losing' four killed, seventeen 
 wounded and eight missing. On May 3, 1863, at 
 Chancellorsville it lost seven killed, fifty-one 
 wounded and 2 missing. In the afternoon of 
 the third day of the Battle .of Gettysburg this 
 regiment sustained the brunt of Longstreet's 
 desperate charge, sustaining a loss of 123 offi- 
 cers and men killed and wounded. 
 
 Company G, Twenty-first Indiana volunteers, 
 Captain Edward McLaflin, was made up from 
 Vincennes and vicinity. It was mustered into 
 the service July 24, 1861, reaching Baltimore 
 Aug. 3. It remained here till Feb. 19, 1862. 
 This regiment was a few months later engaged 
 at New Orleans when that city was captured 
 by General Butler. In the battle of Baton 
 Rouge, Aug. 5, the regiment lost 126 officers 
 and men in killed 
 and wounded. In 
 February, 1863, this 
 regiment became a 
 heavy artillery regi- 
 ment, and was called 
 the First Heavy 
 Artillery. During 
 the siege of Port 
 Hudson it lost twen- 
 ty-eight men. This 
 regiment, most of 
 whose members 
 "veteraued" at the 
 expiration of their 
 first terms of enlist- 
 ment, saw much fur- 
 ther hard service. 
 
 Company E, of the 
 Fifty-first regiment, 
 was officered almost 
 entirely from Vin- 
 cennes, though en- 
 listed largely from 
 the counftry dis- 
 tricts. This regi- 
 
 It lost three killed and eleven wounded at 
 Cheat Mountain, Sept. 12, 1861; five killed and 
 eleven wounded at Green Briar, Oct. 3; five 
 killed and fifty-eight wounded at Winchester 
 Heights. March 23. 1862. On the 17th of 
 September it was outraged in the battle of An- 
 tit'tam and for four hours fought within sixty 
 yards of the enemy. In this fight, of 320 men 
 
 ment was mustered into the service Dec. 14, 
 1861, under Colonel A. D. Streight. Its first 
 active service was at Corinth, where it assisted 
 at the siege. At the battle of Stone River, 
 Dec. 31, 1863, and two days following, thi 
 n-iriment lost a total of forty-nine, killed, 
 wounded and missing. In an expedition againist 
 Rome. Georgia, Colonel Streight and his com-
 
 76 
 
 VINOBNNBS IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 mand, a brigade, was captured by the rebels. 
 After enduring the horrors of the rebel prisons 
 for a time, they were exchanged. Its last im- 
 portant engagement was in the battle of Nash- 
 ville, December 15, 1864. 
 
 Company I, Eightieth Indiana, was mainly 
 from Vinceuues. This regiment went into 
 camp at Camp Gibson, Princeton, in August 
 and September, 1862. Leaving Princeton on 
 the 8th of September, this regiment, on the 
 eighth of the follow inlg month, took a con- 
 spicuous part in the battle of Perryville, where 
 it lost, in killed, wounded and captured, 150 
 men. The record of this regiment was a bril- 
 liant one, it having been engaged in very many 
 battles, skirmishes and active campaigns. In 
 killed, wounded and prisoners its losses aggre- 
 gated 327 men. It is said to have traveled an 
 aggregate of 7,245 miles. 
 The record of Knox County in the matter of 
 
 Residence Senator R. E. Purcell, Sixth and Busseron 
 
 response to the calls for troops was highly 
 creditable. In the dark days of 1862. when it 
 became necessary to make drafts throughout 
 the county, Knox was no exception to the rule. 
 Mr. M. P. Ghee was appointed draft commis- 
 sioner for Knox Counlty. The calls of 1862 and 
 1863 were filled without the necessity of draft. 
 Under first three calls of 1864 the quota of 
 
 Knox County was 374. This was the Presi- 
 dential election year and a sentiment was pre- 
 valent, to some extent, that "the war was a 
 failure," so that it became necessary to enforce 
 the draft to supply the demand, scarcely one- 
 third of the required number having volun- 
 teered, notwithstanding the most strenuous ef- 
 forts. Under the December call for 300,000 
 men, after the people had spoken their minds at 
 the polls and it was seen that the hands of 
 Mr. Lincoln were to be held up. every quota in 
 the county was filled save that of Decker, 
 which was deficient one. Every other township 
 in the county showed a surplus of volunteers 
 of from one, in each of several of them, to 
 twelve in Vincennes. 
 
 In July, 1861, Camp Knox was established as 
 a camp of instruction and drill for recruits, at 
 first under the command of General John A. 
 Mann, and later under that of Colonel George 
 W. Gorman. At 
 times there were in 
 this camp as many 
 as 1.500 or more sol- 
 diers. It was a great 
 attraction and was 
 visited by thousands 
 of people. Every 
 neighborhood had its 
 Soldiers' Aid Soci- 
 ety, and the ladies 
 of Vincennes and 
 Knox County did 
 much to alleviate 
 the sufferings of the 
 soldiers at the front. 
 After the battle of 
 Fort Doim<elson the 
 Bishop of Viuceuues 
 diocese tendered the 
 use of the Seminary 
 building for the care 
 of sick and wound- 
 ed soldiers brought 
 home from the front 
 and the aid of the 
 
 sisters in caring for them. On the 26th of 
 April, the City Council of Vincennes voted $3,- 
 000 for the care of the families of soldiers. 
 All told, there was given* in bounties and re- 
 lief by the county, various townships and City 
 of Vincennes. more than $152.000 to soldiers 
 and their families.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 77 
 
 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR 
 
 In the Spanish-American war Yincennes bore 
 an honorable part, having furnished two com- 
 panies,. A. and L., of the J59th Indiana Volun- 
 teers. 
 
 Company A, Capt. T B. Coulter, of the 
 First Regiment, I. N. G. was an organization 
 that had been in existence for a number of 
 years and was one of the best drilled compan- 
 ies in the military organization of the State. 
 This company reported at Indianapolis on) the 
 2Gth of April, 1898, in response to orders from 
 Brigadier-General McKee, commanding State 
 forces. On the evening of the 25th citizens 
 tendered to the company a banquet at the 
 Grand Hotel, where patriotic speeches were 
 made and the boys givmi God-speed. A flag 
 provided by the ladies of the city was later 
 presented the company at Indianapolis by a 
 committee appointed for the purpose. 
 
 The roster of Company A is as follows: 
 
 Captain Thomas B. Coulter, Vincennes. 
 
 First Lieutenant Charles D. McCoy, Vin- 
 cennes. Died October 9, 1898. 
 
 Second Lieuteniant Adolph H. Kruse, Vin- 
 cennes. 
 
 (Mr. Kruse became first lieutenant on death 
 of Lieutenant McCoy and was succeeded as sec- 
 ond lieutenant by Sergeant Raymond A. Smith.) 
 
 First Sergeant Raymond A. Smith, Vin- 
 cennes. 
 
 Quartermaster Sergeant Louis Harnru, Viu- 
 cennes. 
 
 Sergeants Edward S. Sparrow, Emery C. 
 Thome, James R. Irwin, Arthur Saiter, Vin- 
 cennes. 
 
 Corporals ^Fred Castor, Fred Fossineyer, 
 James, A. Hughes. Judson Alton, William Jen- 
 kins, Vincennes; Elijah C. Williamson, Sand- 
 born. 
 
 Musicians Frederick W. Hall, Thomas B, 
 Wilson, Vincennes. 
 
 Artificer Charles Saiter, Vincennes. 
 
 Wagoner August Dreiman, Vincennes. 
 
 Privates Claud Adams, Ralph S. Alexander, 
 John W. Allen, Oliver I. Alton, Paul A. Aubry, 
 Vincennes: Clarence Baker, Linton; Eugene V. 
 Bartholomai, Jno. F. Beamon, Frederick A. Ber- 
 ry, Vincennes; Frederick R. Bomlfield, Danville; 
 Frank Browning, Vincennes; August Bubenzer, 
 Freelandsville; Albert Charles, Lee O. Church, 
 Matthew Clifton, Lawrence R. Cloin, Vio- 
 cennes; Edward Cooper, Terre Haute; William 
 
 A. Courier, Thomas W. Devine, Daniel S. Ever- 
 ett, Larkin Everett, Samuel Everett, William 
 Everett, Byron B. Fitch, John Flory, James H. 
 Fortner, Nelson Fry, Vincennes; George H. 
 Gifford, Indianapolis; Harry W. Gregory, Chas. 
 Z. Haas, Vincennes; William S. Hackett, Sand- 
 born, GoldeB Hardesty, Vincennes; Clyde Haw- 
 kins, WheatUnd; Oscar Hawkins, Elmo A. In- 
 derrieden, Joseph J. Joice, Archie T. Jordan, 
 Franklin R. Kiefner, Charles Kirtwood, Freder- 
 
 . iek C. Lacky, Grant Lamb, Lewis F. Martin, 
 William H. Milam, David F. Miller, John Muir, 
 Vincennes; Jonas Nolting, Freelandsville; Ar- 
 chie Owens, Jerome Pennington, Vincenntes; Os- 
 car Powell, Sandborn; Lee L. Rice, Lafayette N. 
 Rider, Andy Ruth, William Scott, John 
 F. Sloan, Glenn R. Smith, Vineennes; 
 Charles Steinberg, Bloomington; Thomas H. 
 Taylor, Everett O. Townsley, Vincennes; Erwln 
 E. Tryoni, Terre Haute; George R. Turner, 
 William H. Wathem, Theodore Witshark, Vin- 
 cenues: Harley Williams, Cowan; Harry 
 
 B. Wells, Vinicennes' Edgar A very, Sandborn; 
 Henry Brommelhaus, Charles H. Bouchie, Vin- 
 cennes; John F. Crane, Terre Haute; David 
 Daugherty, George Dill, Edward L. Dodd, Hen- 
 ry Devine, Vincennes; Elmer Edwards, Sand- 
 born: Clement L. Greene, Michael Hamm, 
 Charles E. Harris. Martin S. Hartel, John Heid- 
 enrich, Henry C. Kassens, William T. Martin, 
 Otto Meyer. Isaac G. McCleave. William W. 
 McCorniick, Oscar Peek, Joseph T. Randolph, 
 Harry E. Ratcliff, Charles E. Smith, Frank Tay- 
 lor, Thomas Wayman, John J. Weisenberger, 
 W ,-ilter Wood. Vincennes, 
 
 Company L. Capt. Robt. A. Simpson, was com- 
 posed of cadets and former cadets of the Uni- 
 versity. When the cal 1 for volunteers came, 
 patriotism ran high with the cadets and they 
 promptly tendered their services. They elected 
 officers, redoubled their efforts to perfect them- 
 selves im the manual of arms by constant and 
 earnest drill. On the 21th of April Captain 
 Simpson received orders to proceed to Camp 
 Mount, at Indianapolis, on the 28th, which he 
 did.. On the afternoon of the 27th a beau- 
 tiful silk flag was presented the company by 
 the patriotic young ladies of the University. 
 In the evening of the 29th the Board of Trus- 
 tees and faculty of the University tendered 
 to the company a banquet at which patriotic 
 speeches wero made and good advice given 
 the young soldiers. The cadet company on ar- 
 rival at Indianapolis was made Company L,
 
 78 
 
 VINCENNES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 of the First Regiment, I. N. G. This company 
 being composed of students who had for years 
 had the advantage of military training at the 
 UnSversiay was not at a disadvantage with 
 any in the regiment. 
 The roster of Company L is as follows: 
 Captain Robert A. Simpson, Vlncennes. 
 First Lieutenant Lee B. Purcell, Vincennes. 
 Second Lieutenant John B. Bayard, Vin- 
 cennes. 
 
 First Sergeant Winfield Robinson, Vin- 
 cennes. 
 
 Quartermaster Sergeant William R. Kenne- 
 dy, Vincennes. 
 
 Sergeants Harry T. Watts, Maurice F. Bay- 
 ard, William T. Purcell, Charles A. Thius, Vin- 
 cennes. 
 
 Corporals Lewis A. Holman, Willis; Barney 
 F. Greenhow, Marion Yelton, Ray G. Agnew, 
 Smiley C. Johnson, Andrew Roseman, Vin- 
 cennes. 
 
 Musicians Maurice D. Demaree, Blooming- 
 ton; Walter Shirts, Noblesville. 
 Artificer John E. Hartigam, Vincennes. 
 Wagoner Herman F. Piel, Vincennes. 
 Privates Albert E. Albright, William Alton, 
 Vincennes; Frank Aston, L'nceville, 111.; James 
 E. Bailey, Louis R. Bailey, Vincennes; Seth J. 
 Ballou, Bicknell; Judy K. Barnes, Greenville, 
 111.; Clarence Bicknell, Edward E. Blackwell, 
 Bicknell; Clark Bledsoe, Shoals; Louis N. Bou- 
 cfhie,' John J. Breem, Vincennes; Isaac D. Bry- 
 ant, Bdwardsport; John C. Burke, Vincennes; 
 Benjamin Carter, Crawford county, 111.; How- 
 ard Carter, Daviess Co., Ind.; Don H. Cassell, 
 Indianapolis; Charles C. Castor, Vincennies; 
 William L. Crum, Friendsville, 111.; Walter L. 
 Daugherty, Vinceunes; Thomas Dunn, Wheat- 
 land; William C. Emison, Thomas F. Fields, 
 Vincennies; George B. Fleming, Karl T. Fore- 
 man, Bruceville; Charles L. Gardner, Robert 
 Gwin, Vincennes; Andrew D. Houck, Bruce- 
 ville; Claude M. House, Bicknell; Clarence Huff 
 man, Walter C. Huffman, L'nceville, 111.; Wil- 
 liam E. Hurst, Vincemies; Charles A. Johnson, 
 Washington; Edward P. Johnson!, Vincennes; 
 Charles O. Kelso, Rushville; Frank Keneipp, 
 Vincennes; Ozro B. Lloyd, Monroe City; 'Mar- 
 tin E. Marome, Florence McCarty, James Mc- 
 Crisaken, Vincennes; Burford McOuat, Indian- 
 apolis; Lewis Organ, L'nceville, 111.; Harry H. 
 O'Whene, Vincennes; Owen M. O'Rourke, 
 L'nceville, 111.; Roland L. Perry, Vincennes; 
 Oharles Pickerel, L'nceville, 111.; Emery M. 
 
 Reedy, Knox county; Ervin -L. Reel, Vin- 
 cennes; Charles E. Robersou, Bicknell; Leon 
 H. Roberts, Cleveland, O.; Ernest Ruddy, Vin- 
 cennes; Edgar Z. Ryan, L'nceville, 111.; James 
 O. Sickels, Edwardsport; Paul W. Simpson, 
 Bruceville; Ammon E. Smith, Gards Point, 111.; 
 Joseph Smith, Allendale, 111.; Oath H. Smith, 
 Bickuell; Edward Thuis, Vincennes, Harry B. 
 Truedley, Cincinnaati, O.; Harry Turner, Mt. 
 Carmel, 111.; William H. Vaugnn, Edward O. 
 . Vieke, Vincennes; Charles Weger, Jasper; An- 
 ton J. Wirth, Mt. Carinel, 111. 
 
 Recruits Ambrose Braden, Mitchell; Chas. 
 A. Brocksmith, Viucennes; Sumner Cox, Emi- 
 son; Dean Crooke, Mitchell; William Dayson, 
 Maurice Dorey, Vincennes; William Dunn, 
 Wheatland; John W. Fox, Emison; Elmer 
 Fox. Bruceville; Emil Frey, Vincennes; Moses 
 M. Fulk, Farmer; Malott Fletcner, Indianapo- 
 lis: John H. Hatcher, Louis P. Hamm, Vin- 
 cennes; George W. Johnson, Koleen; Aden 
 Mansfield, Robinson; Charles A. Miller, Harry 
 McCarty, William F. McDowell, Vincennes; 
 Nelson Norton, Sullivan; George Olmstead, 
 Brownstown; Edward F. Pierson, Edward 
 Roseman, Richard C. Robintson, Herman 
 Schmidt, Vincennes; Ethelbert C. Stewart, 
 L'nceville, 111.; Charles Soden, Bicknell; Otto 
 Shelkofsky, Oscar Sparks, Harry W. Soete, 
 Vincennes; James F. Snyder, Pinkstaff, 111.; 
 Edward Wetzel, Vincennes; Joseph B. Wit- 
 tenmyer, Emison. 
 
 The First Regiment was mustered into the 
 service of the United States May 12, 1898, as 
 the 159 Indiana Volunteers. 
 
 The regiment left Camp Mount May 22, and 
 arrived at Camp R. A. Alger, Dunn Loring, 
 Virginia, May 24. Here it remained till August 
 3, when! it broke camp and marched to Burke's 
 Station, nine miles. On the 5th it continued 
 the march to Yates' Ford and camped on Bull 
 Run battle ground; thence on the Tth it march- 
 ed to New Bristow, Va., and on the 9th com- 
 pleted a march of forty miles to Thoroughfare 
 Gap, Va. 
 
 From Thoroughfare Gap the regiment was 
 moved by rail to Camp Meade, near Middle- 
 town, Pa., where it arrived August 29. Under 
 orders for the muster out of the regiment, it 
 left Camp Meade September 11, and arrived 
 at Camp Mount, Indianapolis, September 13. 
 Five days later the entire regiment was fur- 
 loughed for thirty days. Later, on telegraphic 
 orders from the war department, the furlough
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 79 
 
 was extended to include November 10. The 
 regiment was mustered out November 23. 
 
 The 159th was commanded by Ool. John T. 
 Baruet, of Piqua, Ohio; Col. George McCoy, of 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 z 
 
 TJ 
 
 a 
 
 rt 
 
 Vincennes, now colonel of the First Regiment 
 I. N. G., was lieutenant- colonel of the 159th. 
 It was brigaded with the Third New York and 
 the 22d Kansas, these regiments constituting 
 
 the First brigade of the second division, Sec- 
 ond Army Corps. The brigade was command- 
 ed by Brigadier-General Mark D. Sheaf, the 
 division! by Brigadier-General George W. Da- 
 . vis, afterwards 
 governor general 
 of Porto Rico and 
 now provost mar- 
 tial general at 
 Manila. The corps 
 commander was 
 Major General 
 William M. Gra- 
 ham. The 159th 
 was recognized in 
 the corps as one 
 of the best discip- 
 lined in the corn- 
 man. 
 
 On their arrival 
 at home the boys 
 were received 
 with demonstra- 
 tions of great re- 
 gard by the citi- 
 zens, who met 
 them at the train 
 rain en masse. 
 They marched in 
 a body to the 
 court square 
 where an address 
 of welcome was 
 delivered by the 
 Hon. J. W. Emi- 
 son and- respond- 
 ed to by Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel Mc- 
 Coy and Cap- 
 tains Coulter and 
 Simpson. They 
 were sumptuous- 
 ly banqueted at 
 the Union Depot 
 Hotel in the even- 
 Ing. 
 
 The spirit of 
 comradeship de- 
 _ veloped in the 
 b service shows It- 
 self yet among the officers and men and It is 
 safe to say that should auother appeal to their 
 patriotism be made the response would be no 
 less prompt and effective than in this case. 
 
 .8 
 
 o 
 
 z 
 
 I 
 H 
 
 51 
 
 OH 
 
 
 
 W
 
 80 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 CORPORATE HISTORY OF VINCENNES. 
 WHERE HISTORY WAS MADE. HIS- 
 TORICAL NOTES. 
 
 The first acts for the government of the vil- 
 lage or borough of Vinceumes were passed by 
 the Legislature in 1805, and approved in 1807, 
 but it appears the village or borough was not 
 incorporated till the act of 1815. By this act 
 the following persons were named trustees: 
 Robert Buntin, Joshua Bond, William Bullitt, 
 Henry Hurst, Chas. Smith, Jacob Kuykendall, 
 Hyacinth Laselle, Touissant Dubois and Peter 
 Jon)es. The boundaries of the borough were 
 those included at present by Hart on the north- 
 east, the church lands on the south-west, the 
 Wabash River on the north-west and Eleventh 
 Street on the south-east. This remained the 
 boundary of the village until the year 1817, 
 
 Phoio by Tvwnsley 
 
 Residence Auditor James D. Williams, Eighth and Broadway 
 
 when "Harrison's Addition" was annexed by 
 act of the Legislature. These enlarged limits 
 remained unchanged till the place was incor- 
 porated as a city in 1856, after a special elec- 
 tion held in January, 1856. The last meeting 
 of the village trustees was held February 7, 
 1856. 
 The president of the Board of Trustees in 
 
 1815, as far back as a record showing is pre- 
 served, was Fred Graeter, who served two- 
 years. He was succeeded by Robert Buntin, 
 1817-18; A. Patterson, 1818-19; Robert Buntin, 
 1819-20; John Moore, 1820-23; (Owen Reily, pro 
 tern., 1823); John Collins, 1823-26; G. W. John- 
 son, 1826-28; J. S. C. Harrison, 1828-37; Abner 
 T. Ellis, 1837-56. The first mayor of the City 
 of Vincennes was John Meyers, 1856-57. He 
 was followed by James Dick, 1857 to 59; W. A. 
 Jones, 1859-60; R. M. Kennedy, 1860-62; H. V. 
 Somes, 1863-67; Geo. E. Green, 1867-69; W. B. 
 Robinson, 1869-73; J. S. Pritchett, 1873-74; (An- 
 ton Kapps, pro tern., 1873); W. H. Beeson, 
 1874-77; W. B. Searight, 1877-83; J. H. Shouse, 
 1883-85; John W T ilhelm, 1885-89-, Francis Mur- 
 phy. 1889-91; O. G. Miller, 1891-94; George E. 
 Green, 1894-1902. 
 
 The following have served as village and city 
 clerks: B. I. Harrison, 1815-17: G. R. Sullivan, 
 1817-23: E. Stout, 
 1823-33: Martin Rob- 
 inson, 1833-37: Sam- 
 uel Hill, 1837-56; 
 A. M o n t g o m ery, 
 1856-60; G. C. Ma- 
 thesie, 1860-69; G. S. 
 Turney, 1869-75; 
 Emil Grill, 1875-79; 
 C. Cripps, 1879-85; 
 C. M. Allen, 1885-87; 
 George E. Green, 
 1887-94: Charles 
 Langel. 1894-1802. 
 
 WHERE H 1 S- 
 TORY WAS MADE. 
 -Fort S a.c k v i 1 1 e 
 captured in 1779 by 
 George Rogers 
 Clark, was located, 
 it is stated on good 
 authority, not far 
 from First and Main 
 Streets, being to the 
 north-west of the 
 latter street and 
 
 about twenty or thirty yards from the river. 
 The little log church in which, at the instance 
 of the good Father Gibault, the inhabitants of 
 Vincennes first took the oath of allegiance to 
 the State of Virginia, stood further over to- 
 ward the site of the present venerable St. 
 Francis Xavier Cathedral. Later, a fort, 
 which has been variously identified as a sec-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 81 
 
 ond Fort Sackville and the first Fort Kiiox, 
 stood at a point near First and Buntin Streets. 
 This second fort was built in 1793. Owing to 
 friction between the citizens and the soldiers 
 of the garrison, Governor Harrison, ini 1807, or- 
 dered the fort built above the village at a point 
 now recognized as the site of Fort Knox. Fort 
 Saekville is said to have taken its name from 
 Jean Sacqueville, a />, / by <rodd 
 French trader and 
 soldier in the em- 
 ploy of the Detroit 
 French Fur Co. Fort 
 Knox was named in 
 honor of President 
 Washington's secre- 
 tary of war, John 
 Knox. 
 
 The store of the 
 Spaniard, Laurent 
 B a z a d o n, whose 
 goods were im- 
 pressed by General 
 Clark in 1786, stood 
 at the corner of Sec- 
 ond and St. Peters, 
 (mow Broadway.) 
 The residences of 
 Col. Vigo and John 
 Rice Jones stood on 
 opposite sides of St. 
 Peter's (now Broad- 
 way), beyond Sec- 
 ond Street. In Col. 
 
 Vigo's house Governor Harrison made his 
 headquarters when he first came to the Capital 
 of Indiana Territory. A part of this house re- 
 mained as late as 1856. In the same neighbor- 
 hood resided Judge Vanderburg. 
 
 In a frame house at the south corner of Third 
 arid Broadway, the first Territorial Legislature 
 held its sessions. Governor Harrison's resi- 
 dence was at the head of St. Louis Street. This 
 was the first building of burnt brick west of 
 Pittsburg. In this vicinage the celebrated con- 
 ferences with Tecumseh and other historic 
 events of importance transpired. The gov- 
 ernor's plantation had been named '"Grouse- 
 land" by its owner and was held in high esti- 
 mation by him. Romantic stories are told of 
 a tunnel leading to the river to be used for 
 escape from the Indians in case of necessity 
 and of a powder magazine located beneath the 
 family room by which the general designed to 
 
 destroy himself and fr.mily rather than permit 
 them to fall into the hands of a savage foe. 
 There does not seem to be a reasonable founda- 
 tion for these statements. 
 
 The first building used as a court hoxise was 
 at the north corner of Second and Broadway. 
 It was later used as a hospital by soldiers. The 
 court house was the brick at the west 
 
 Prospect Hill Coal Shaft 
 
 corner of Fourth and Buntin, now a private 
 residence. The present court house square 
 \vas bought of Jacob Kuykendall in 1830. 
 
 The "Bank of Vincenines," incorporated by 
 legislative act in 1814 and which subsequently 
 became the "State Bank of Indiana, with four 
 branches in various parts of the state," and 
 was wrecked by fraud and mismanagement of 
 the grossest kind, within seven years from its 
 formation, was located in a two-story brick at 
 the east corner of First and Broadway. 
 
 HISTORIC NOTES. The first theater was 
 built by John Rice Jones, and the first play, 
 given in 1807, was entitled, "Drowning Meij 
 Catch at Straws." A singular coincidence is 
 that oni the day the play appeared a man was 
 drowned in the Wabash. 
 
 A duel was fought just across the river in 
 1813 between Dr. Scull and Parmenus Beckes, 
 in which the latter was killed.
 
 82 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Notwithstanding the ordinance of 1787, by 
 which the territory was constituted, forbade 
 slavery within its boundaries, many of the in- 
 habitants held slaves to a late date, and the 
 institution did not finally disappear till 1840. 
 It is said Governor Harrison had quite a 
 retinue of slaves. In .1808 the tax lists showed 
 123 slaves, enumerated as "servants," and in 
 1830 there were thirty-two slaves listed. 
 
 The vehicle in common use among the creole 
 population as late as 1840 was the "caleehe," 
 a cart with two woodeni wheels, with rawhide 
 tires, if any, and with a deep, square box for a 
 bed. 
 
 But once in its history has Vincennes suf- 
 fered severely from an epidemic disease. This 
 was in 1820 when a malarial fever of malignant 
 type caused great loss of life. It was at- 
 tributed to stagnant water in the vicinity. 
 Numerous stagnant ponds existed and the river 
 
 had become stagnant and foul by reason of a 
 peculiar water grass which grew in its bed. 
 It was many years before the little village out- 
 grew the effects of this terrible scourge. 
 
 Three great fires have occurred in the history 
 of Vincennes. The first of these was on the 
 16th of October. 1841, and destroyed every- 
 thing on the north-east side of Main Street ex- 
 
 cept two buildings. The second great fire oc- 
 curred Dec. 0, 1854, and destroyed all the build- 
 ings on the north-east side of Main Street be- 
 tween Second and Third Streets. On Sunday, 
 April 15, 1860, nine buildings on the south-east 
 side of Second, between Main and Busseron, 
 were destroyed. In 1808, in "General Court," 
 Judges Vanderburg and Parke presiding, Abra- 
 ham Hiley was sentenced to death for the mur- 
 der of John Coffiiian. On the 29th of October 
 he stood upon the drop with the noose adjusted 
 about his neck. In) a moment more the drop 
 would have fallen, when he was respited by the 
 governor. The respite having expired a few 
 days later, he was again placed on the scaffold 
 and this time pardoned by the governor before 
 the drop fell. Only two judicial executions 
 have occurred at Vincennes within its history. 
 These were Thomas McKinney, Oct. 15, 1822, 
 for the murder of Tames Boyd, and William 
 Cox, a negro, April 
 9, 1824, for rape. It 
 thus fell to the lot 
 of a sinigle circuit 
 judge, Jacob Call, to 
 sentence the only 
 criminals ever hung 
 at Vincennes. The 
 judge, not long 
 afterwards, c o rn- 
 mitted suicide on 
 the eve of his in- 
 tended marriage. 
 
 Among the dis- 
 tinguished men more 
 or less identified 
 with the early his- 
 tory of Vinjcennes. 
 we may mention be- 
 sides Governor, 
 afterwards P r e s i- 
 dent Ilarrison, John 
 Badollet, first regis- 
 ter of the land office, 
 a position he ob- 
 tained through the 
 
 personal friendship of Albert Gallatin, a mem- 
 ber of the President's cabinet. He came to 
 Vincennes in this capacity on the organization 
 of the territory in 1800, and continued to hold 
 the position 1 till failing health compelled his 
 resignation in 1836. He died the next year. 
 
 Colonel Francis Vigo, whose aid to General 
 Clark contributed so much to the success of
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 83 
 
 any of the streets of the city. As first con- 
 structed the road ran from the depot to First 
 Street, with the present loop at the depot and 
 a loop around the two blocks bounded by 
 First, Third, Main and Busseron. It was a 
 single track, with switches, and the motive 
 power was mules. The first cars were run in 
 1883. About 1886, the loop at the down-town 
 
 Photo fcy Shores 
 
 his expedition, resided in Vincennes for many 
 years prior to his death. It is a blot on our 
 early congressional history that Colontel Vigo, 
 though in dire need In his declining years, was 
 never able to secure reimbursement for his out- 
 lay of over $9,000 in Clark's behalf. 
 
 General Zachary Taylor, tenth President of 
 the United States, when a captain commanded 
 at Fort Knox for a 
 time. 
 
 Judge Benjamin 
 Parke was one of 
 the big men of his 
 day, and the resi- 
 dence he built In 
 1804 still stands on 
 Upper First near 
 Hart Street. He was 
 territorial delegate 
 in Congress and sub- 
 sequently became 
 judge of the U. S. 
 District Court. 
 
 The first lodge of 
 the Masonic frater- 
 nity organized here 
 was Vincennes 
 Lodge, No. 1, being 
 also, of course, the 
 first In the bounds 
 of the state. It was 
 chartered by the 
 Grand Lodge of Ken- 
 tucky, Sept. 1, 1808. Residence Mrs. Arabella McKenney, Third and Vigo 
 
 Wabash Lodge, No. 20, I. O. O. F., the first 
 lodge of Odd Fellows, was organized in 1840. 
 
 Charter for street railway was granted Oct. 
 24, 1881, to Chas. and Frederick Graeter and 
 their associates, successors and assigns, the 
 corporate name being the Vincennes Citizens' 
 Street Railway Co. The company was formed 
 with a capital stock of $15,050. The original 
 incorporators were Frederick Graeter, Charles 
 Graeter, John W. Graeter, George W. Graeter, 
 O. P. Baker and Christ Hoffman. In 1885 
 Frederick Graeter bought the stock of Ohas. 
 Graeter, Baker and Hoffman, and two years 
 later the entire stock was transferred to George 
 W. Graeter, who had been manager of the lines 
 from the first. 
 
 The franchise of this corporation was very 
 broad and for a term of fifty years. It per- 
 mitted the company to enter upon and occupy 
 
 end was taken up, the lines running up Main 
 to Second and out Second, to Scott. In 1891 
 Mr. Graeter sold out to a company formed for 
 the purpose of building an electric line. The 
 new company was composed of Messrs. Hudnut, 
 Gerner, Walker and Barr, of Terre Haute, and 
 Allen Tiudolph, of Vincennes.. Electric power 
 was installed ami within the next two or three 
 years the road was extended to the fair 
 grounds and to its present terminus on Second 
 Street, and double tracked. 
 
 The Wagon Bridge over the Wabash was 
 built in 1869. The original company, formed 
 in December, 1868, was composed of leading 
 citizens, prominent among them being L. L. 
 Watson, Colonel C. M. Allen, R. J. McKenny, 
 William Burtch, and Charles A. Weisert. The 
 authorized capital of the company was $40,000. 
 The plan was to build a structure entirely of 
 wood. After the contract was let, however,
 
 84 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 it was decided to build an iron draw. This iu 
 creased the cost to $79,000, and additional stock 
 to the amount of $39,000 was issued. A part 
 of the bridge, at the Vincennes end, was de- 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 \ Residence Governor Harrison, built in J804. Owned and Occupied by Mr. E. 
 S. Sheperd, of Vincennes Paper Co., Park and Scott S reets. 
 
 stroyed in a storm in 1869, but immediately re- 
 built. In 1876 the two wooden spans were re- 
 built of iron at a cost of $10,000. The entire 
 stock was acquired by the city in 1890, and the 
 bridge, which had previoiisly been operated as 
 a toll bridge, made free. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 VINCENNES UNIVERSITY. 
 The subject of education early occupied the 
 minds of manly of the intelligent people of the 
 territory but serious obstacles presented them- 
 selves to the development of a system, and of 
 such nature that they could not be overcome 
 
 in the prevailing condition of society. The' 
 United States government, by the ordinance of 
 1787, under which the territory was organized, 
 had made liberal provisions in 1 that direction, 
 by reserving the six- 
 teenth section! of 
 every township in 
 the public lands to 
 school purposes. 
 However, the posi- 
 tive opposition of 
 some, the indiffer- 
 ence of many and 
 the poverty of all 
 were mountainous- 
 barriers to an early 
 development of the- 
 proposed system. In 
 1807 the Territorial 
 Legislature passed 
 an act for the in- 
 corporation of the 
 Vincennes Universi- 
 ty "for the instruc- 
 tion of youth in the- 
 Latin, Greek, 
 French and English 
 Languages, mathe- ' 
 matics, natural phil- 
 osophy, ancient and 
 modern h i s t o r y t 
 moral philosophy, 
 logic, rhetoric and 
 the law of nature 
 and nations." 
 
 In 1808 provision 
 was made for the im- 
 provement of the- 
 school lands by au- 
 thorizing the execu- 
 tion of leases through the various common 
 pleas courts. Under an act passed in 1810 the 
 courts were authorized to appoint trustees of 
 school lands ini the various counties. The first, 
 second and third sections of the state consti- 
 tution of 1816 required the Legislature to pro- 
 vide for the improvement of school lands, to- 
 pi-event their sale prior to 1820 and to adopt 
 measures for the security and proper adminis- 
 tration of all school funds. In the 9th article 
 it was provided that "It shall be the duty of 
 the General Assembly, as soon as circum- 
 stances will permit, to provide by law for a 
 general system of education, ascending, in a
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 85 
 
 regular gradation, from township schools to a 
 State University, wherein tuition shall be 
 .gratis, and equally open to all." 
 
 In this connection, probably the account of 
 the origin and progress of that institution as 
 given in its announcement for the year 1901, 
 could not be improved upon. It is as follows: 
 
 "The existence of the Viiicennes University 
 ds due to the ordinance of 1787, for the govern- 
 ment of the territory n'orth-west of the Ohio. 
 That document contained the following signifi- 
 cant paragraph: 'Religion, morality and 
 knowledge being necessary to good govern- 
 ment and the happiness of mankind, schools 
 -anti the means of education shall forever be 
 encouraged.' This expression of Congress set 
 the tone for the future management of this 
 territory, and the act parsed March 26, 1804, 
 governing the disposal of public lands therein, 
 provided that the 
 
 following out the same policy, the Indiana Ter- 
 ritorial Legislature, at its first session, passed 
 'an act to incorporate an university in, the In^ 
 diana Territory, to be called and known by the 
 name and style of Vincennes University. This 
 was approved by the governor, William Henry 
 Harrison, November 29, 1806. The first board 
 of trustees was named in the act as follows: 
 
 William Henry Harrison, Ellas McNamee, 
 John Gibson, Henry Vanderburg, Francis Vigo, 
 Waller Taylor, Jacob Kuykendall, Nathaniel 
 Ewing, John Badollet, Luke Decker, John Rice 
 Jones, Samuel Gwathmej, George Wallace, Jr., 
 John Johnson, William Bullitt. 
 
 "These trustees were authorized to found an 
 University 'within the borough of Vincennes 
 and to appoint to preside over and govern it a 
 president and not exceeding four professors for 
 the instruction of youth in Latins, Greek, 
 
 flection numbered 
 sixteen 'shall be re- 
 served in each 
 township for the 
 support of schools 
 within the same.' 
 The same act pro- 
 vided that in each 
 of the three land 
 districts (Detroit, 
 Kaskaskia and Vin- 
 cenneo), an tire 
 township was 'to 
 be located by the 
 secretary of the 
 treasury for the 
 use of a seminary 
 of learning.' 
 
 "In obedience to 
 this act, Albert 
 G-allatin, secretary 
 of the treasury, 
 chose township No. 
 2 south, range 11 
 west, as the semi- 
 nary township in 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 the Vincennes district, that is, in the Territory 
 of Indiana. This land is now Patoka Town- 
 ship in Gibson County, the site of a part of the 
 Oity of Princeton. 
 
 "The Legislature of Ohio had previously (Jan- 
 uary 9, 1802) laid the foundation of the first 
 college in the North-west, the Ohio University 
 at Athens. With this example before it, and 
 
 Residence;. D. La Croix, 420 S. Third 
 
 French and English languages, mathematics, 
 natural philosophy, logic, rhetoric and the law 
 of nature and of nations.' 
 
 "The first meeting of the trustees was held 
 December, 1800, which is counted as the begin- 
 ning of the school. The work of instruction 
 began in earnest in 1810, with Rev. Samuel 
 Scott as the first president, the elementary
 
 86 
 
 VIXCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 branches being taught in addition to those 
 prescribed in the charter." 
 
 We are largely indebted to a paper prepared 
 by Dr. H. M. Smith and read by President 
 Hershman at the foundation day exercises of 
 the University, in 1901, for the following facts 
 in the history of this institution of learning. 
 
 The first property acquired by the University 
 
 'Photo by Tov)nsley 
 
 with no better result, and the institution) led. a 
 precarious existence till in 1820 the Indiana 
 State Legislature passe*; an act appointing 
 commissioners to take possession of said lands, 
 rent them, and turn the proceeds into the state 
 treasury. At the same time the attempt was 
 made to blot the University out of existence 
 by superseding it with the "Knox County Semi- 
 
 nary," incorporated 
 under state law. A 
 
 _____ Board of Trustees 
 
 of the new institu- 
 tion was appointed 
 and authorized to 
 take over the 
 books, funds and 
 lands of the Uni- 
 versity. The Board 
 of Trustees of the 
 University, though 
 without a school, 
 or school funds, ap- 
 pear to have main- 
 tained a legal exist- 
 
 Residence I. Lyons, 404 North Fourth 
 
 was a tract of laud embracing almost the en- 
 tire four squares bounded by Perry, Sixth, 
 Hart and Fourth Streets, secured by the build- 
 ing committee of the Board of Trustees from 
 Colonel Francis Vigo and Henry Vanderburg, 
 two of the original Board of Trustees. A large 
 two story brick building was erected in the 
 center of this campus 2-.:t owing to the diffi- 
 culties attending all building operations in 
 those days, was not ready for occupation till 
 the 10th of April, 1811. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Scott, a Presbyterian minister, 
 was selected to open an English school in the 
 new building. Having practically exhausted 
 its funds in building, the trustees, in 1816, peti- 
 tioned Congress for leave to sell the 19,000 
 acres remaining of the Gibson County reserva- 
 tion. This was, however, denied it. The peti- , 
 tion was renewed to subsequent congresses 
 
 ence, ami in 
 1838, reorganized, 
 with Rev. Thomas 
 Alexander, presi- 
 dent, and George 
 R. Gibson, secre- 
 t a r y. Measures 
 were taken to re- 
 cover the records 
 of the old board 
 and to secure a set- 
 
 tlement with the borough of Vincennes as to 
 funds arising from the sale of commons lands, 
 authorized by act of Con'gress. In 1839 the 
 Knox County Seminary Board relinquished all 
 claim to the grounds and building. Debts to a 
 considerable amount having accrued against 
 the property by this time, after due delibera- 
 tion it was decided best to sell it and it was 
 disposed of to St. Gabriel's College for the sum 
 of $6,500. 
 
 The board now took steps looking to the 
 erection of a new building, but in the meantime 
 rented a brick building which stood near the 
 corner of Fifth and Market (now Main) Streets, 
 and employed Rev. B. B. Killikelly, organizer 
 and first rector of St. James Episcopal Church, 
 to take charge, with one assistant. The lot 
 at the corner of Fifth and Busseron, on which 
 the University building stands, was bought of
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 87 
 
 Dr. Hiram Decker for $500. In) 1842 Rev. 
 Killikelly, being about to proceed on a 
 tour to the eastern states and to Eng- 
 land in behalf of his conigr egat ion, resigned the 
 principalship of the .school and in the following 
 year the State of Indiana, through its Legis- 
 lature, made a second attack on the school, by 
 authorizing the county board of Knox County 
 to seize all the assets of the University. No 
 attempt was made by the county authorities, 
 however, to carry into execution the authority 
 a grant of which was th-.is attempted. This lute 
 attempt on the part of the Legislature to crush 
 it, appears to have aroused the friends of the 
 University and the Board of Trustees to action 
 and they immediately sought legal counsel and 
 obtained from Chancellor Kent, through briefs 
 prepared by Hon. Samuel Judah, an opinion as 
 follows: "I am of opinion that the Legislature 
 of Indiana is 
 
 bound by the most phoio by To^vnsley 
 
 imperious obliga- 
 tions of justice and 
 honor, to fhdem- 
 n'fy the University 
 for this unconstitu- 
 tional arrest and 
 detention of their 
 property." Thus 
 fortified the board 
 authorized its at- 
 torneys, Hon. Sam- 
 uel Judah and A. 
 T Ellis, to begin 
 ejectment proceed- 
 ings against the 
 grantees of the 
 state to its lands 
 in Gibson County. 
 Such a storm of in- 
 d i g n a t i o n was, 
 however, raised by 
 s Jiese proceedings, 
 threatening to lead 
 to physical vio- 
 lence, that the con- 
 testing attorneys reached an understanding by 
 which the representatives of Knox and Gibson 
 Counties were prevailed upon to secure the pas- 
 sage of an act authorizing the University board 
 to sue the state for the value of the lands. 
 
 The bill was passed and suit brought in the 
 Marion County Circr.it Court, wh-n-e a judg- 
 ment was secured for the sum of $30.<)00.5<5 for 
 
 that part of the lauds already disposed of by 
 the state. On appeal by the state, the State 
 Supreme Court reversed this judgment. The 
 trustees then carried the cause to the United 
 States Supreme Court, where the State Su- 
 preme Court was reversed and where it was 
 calculated the amount due the University at 
 that time, 1852, was $200,000. The state then 
 attempted to defeat the claim by an alleged 
 forfeiture ot charter on the part of yie Uni- 
 versity. Failing in this, the Legislature of 
 1855 appropriated $66,565 in payment for 
 "lands already sold." After further litigation, 
 a further sum of $41,5(35 was appropriated but 
 from this sum the University was required to 
 pay all t'he costs of the litigation; from the first 
 appropriation the attorneys retained one-third, 
 so that less than half the amount actually due, 
 according to the decision of the U. S. Supreme 
 
 Residence Judge O. H. Cobb, 324 Broadway 
 
 Court, was received. Finally, in 1895, a fur- 
 ther appropriation of .$ir>,<>(><) was made, and 
 Mil effort nuiile to secure ;i formal release of the 
 state from further obligation, but this the 
 board declined to grant. Again, after a hard 
 fight in IS!)!), conducted by Senator Purcell, in 
 the Senate, and RepreM ntatives Willoughby 
 and Claycomb in the House, an appropriation
 
 88 
 
 VINCENXES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 of $120,000 ' ate 4 per cent, bonds was 
 made, passii^ ch houses by overwhelming 
 majorities, bu t Governor Mount declined to 
 sign the bill, and it failed to become a law. 
 The matter was again pressed to the attention 
 of the Legislature at its next session, but with- 
 out success. 
 While this litigation has been in progress, the 
 
 Residence W. B. Purcell, 5J6 Busseron 
 
 Board of Trustees -has not been idle. Having 
 come into possession of a good brick building 
 on their lot, erected by an arranegment with 
 the county commissioners, the school was in 
 1856 reinstated with Rev. R. M. Chapman as 
 president, and since that time has had a con- 
 tinuous existence and a constant growth in im- 
 portance and influence. In the year 1856, the 
 trustees bought the lot at the south corner of 
 Fifth and Busseron and erected thereon a 
 building for a female department. This separ- 
 ate department was conducted for a consider- 
 able time, but was eventually consolidated 
 with the male department in the brick build- 
 Ing. The lot was sold in 1880 to Mr. Christian 
 Bberwine for $25.000. 
 
 In 1878. finding the school had outgrown its 
 quarters, the trustees decided to erect a new 
 and larger building and the main part of the 
 present handsome structure was built at a cost 
 of $14,616. It soon became necessary to build 
 an important addition which was done in 
 
 1889, at a cost of $4,180, this addition compris- 
 ing a hall and six rooms "on the south and 
 west end." 
 
 In 1891 the Vincennes University was accord- 
 ed recognition as a military school, by the de- 
 tail under authority of congress of an officer of 
 the army as drill master. The first officer 
 was Lieutenant R. C. Melt, of the 10th 
 
 infantry. He was 
 succeeded in 1893 
 by Lieutenant U. 
 G. Kemp, of the 2d 
 cavalry and he In 
 1897 by Lieutenant 
 A. M. Davis, of the 
 8th cavalry. So ef- 
 ficient and well 
 drilled was the 
 cadet, company 
 that on the declara- 
 tion of war with 
 Spain and the call 
 for volunteers, this 
 company was ac- 
 cepted as a whole 
 as one company of 
 the 159th regiment, 
 and was in the ser- 
 ice for seven 
 months. Dr. Smith 
 adds: "This was the 
 first volunteer com- 
 pany to offer its services to the governor of the 
 state, and the only full company of cadets sent 
 by any state institution of learning In the 
 union, to engage in the Spanish war." 
 
 After the Spanish war the military branch 
 was for a time under the efficient care of Mr. 
 Lee B. Pnrcell. but since the latter was ap- 
 pointed to a lieutenancy in the U. S. Marine 
 Corps the branch of military tactics has not 
 been receiving attention. 
 
 In the field of athletic sports the University 
 has in the last three years made an honor- 
 able record. Its football team has been de- 
 feated very rarely in the numerous contests 
 with various institutions of learning through- 
 out the state. 
 
 The present members of the Board of Trus- 
 tees, officers and instructors of the institution 
 are as follows: 
 
 BOARD OF TRUSTEES: Dr. H. M. Smith, 
 president: W. B. Robinson, secretary: Joseph L. 
 Bayard, treasurer: Hiram A. Foulks. Major W.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 89 
 
 P. Gould, W. F. Townsend, Ed- 
 ward Smith, R. E. Purcell, Dr. 
 W. M. Hindman, S. N. Cham- 
 bers, Chas. Bierhaus, Jas. W. 
 Emison, T. H. Adams, W. C. 
 Johnson, Prof. James E. Man- 
 chester, president and ex-offleo 
 member of board. 
 
 FACULTY: President and 
 professor of mathematics, Dr. 
 James E. Manchester, D. Sc. 
 
 Professor of Greek and Latin, 
 William C. Hengen, Lit. B. 
 
 Professor of Science, O. M. 
 Duncan. 
 
 Professor of English Litera- 
 ture, T. J. Davis. 
 
 Professor of Modern Lan- 
 guages, Mrs. J. E. Manchester. 
 
 Professor of Philosophy and 
 Pedagogy, Rev. De Lou Burkf. 
 
 Piano Department, Miss Mary 
 Venable. 
 
 Vocal Department, Mrs. Mar- 
 garet Eluere. 
 
 'Photo by Todd 
 
 Residence Herman Boog, 28 S. Fourth 
 
 Vincennes University, Fifth and Busseron
 
 THE VINCENNES Of TO-DAY 
 
 MANUFACTURING AND BUSINESS INTERESTS 
 AND THE MEN WHO CONDUCT THEM. 
 
 Having given the history of Vincennes so far 
 as known from the earliest colonial period, to 
 the present, we will now turn our attention to 
 the city of the present. Having seen how it 
 was founded and how it grew we will now 
 see into what it has grown and into what it 
 promises to grow. 
 
 The city of Vincennes as it now exists is one 
 of the most progressive, energetic and growing 
 cities of the State. With a population of 12,000 
 thrifty, intelligent people, bent on its develop- 
 ment and advancement, with numerous and 
 varied manufacturing interests, with raw ma- 
 terials for manufactures within easy reach,- 
 many of them at its very door, with transpor- 
 tation facilities and frei.ent rates unsurpassed, 
 with a demand for residences which an un- 
 precedented activity in building fails to sup- 
 ply; with a board of trade active, intelligent 
 and well supplied with funds for the location 
 of factories, there is every reason to believe 
 the future lies bright bei'ore her and that the 
 growth of more than fifty per cent, shown for 
 the previous decade by the census of 1900 will 
 be far outstripped by that of the current de- 
 cade. 
 
 In the midst of one of the finest agricultural 
 sections in the world, in a delightful and salu- 
 brious climate, with educational facilities sur- 
 passed by few cities 61 its size, with church 
 organzations and edifices of rare perfection, 
 with excellent streets ana sidewalks, with so- 
 cial advantages unsurpassed, with all the mod- 
 ern conveniences that add to the comfort and 
 pleasure of living, it takes its place in the first 
 rank of desirable residence cities. 
 
 With four vast systems of railroads directly 
 
 connecting it with ev,ery great trade center and 
 very low switching charges, in the matter of 
 freight privileges no city is better provided. 
 Work soon to be begun under government di- 
 rection for the improvement of the Wabash 
 will be of great advantage to Vincennes in the 
 matter of water transportation. With a good, 
 vein of coal of superior steam making proper- 
 ties near the surface and within easy reach of 
 an unlimited supply, which can be had at very- 
 low rates, the fuel question is one that needs 
 trouble the Vincennes manufacturer little. 
 
 Labor is abundant, both skilled and common, 
 and factories seldom find difficulty in obtain- 
 ing all they desire. 
 
 A university, six fine public school build- 
 ings, five schools conducted by various 
 churches and religious societies, covering all 
 grades from primary to academic, furnish 
 abundant opportunity for the training of the- 
 young. 
 
 Twelve church edifices of various grades up- 
 to $35,000 cost, with large and flourishing con- 
 gregations, furnish ample accommodation for 
 worship. 
 
 We have not attempted in the following 
 pages to mention every business and profes- 
 sional man, nor indeed any great number, 
 comparatively, but the various lines of manu- 
 factures and business touched upon will give 
 some faint idea of what we have. Before 
 taking these up we wi!l have a word to say 
 about the Vincennes Board of Trade, an or- 
 orgnnization on whose efforts in a large meas- 
 ure depends the future growth of the city, as* 
 to it is in a like measure due the city's past 
 development.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 91 
 
 VINCENNES BO0RD Of TR0DE 
 
 The Vincennes Board of Trade was organ- 
 ized in 1883, the first meeting of which record 
 was made having been held in the parlors of 
 the La Plante hotel June 
 28, of that year. There 
 seems to have been a 
 previous meeting at 
 which a committee on 
 by-laws had been ap- 
 pointed as they made 
 report at this meeting 
 and the matter was 
 laid over for further 
 further consideration 
 until the next meeting. 
 The board of directors 
 
 Edw. Watson, President ^3 also requested to 
 
 report at the next meeting on the matter of 
 a "room." This was held in the evenling of 
 July 3, at the same place as the former meet- 
 ing. At this time the 
 report of the commit- 
 tee on by-laws was 
 adopted, as was also a 
 resolution of thanks to 
 J. D. Cox for the use 
 of the parlors of the 
 La Plamte House for 
 the meetings, and offi- 
 c?rs were elected as 
 follows: 
 
 President, N. F. Dai- 
 ton. 
 
 V ice-President, Ed- 
 ward Watson. 
 
 Secretary, Dr. George I>1. Ockford. 
 Assistant Secretary, Lewis A. Wise. 
 
 Treasurer, Joseph L. 
 Bayard. 
 
 The following board 
 of directors was chos- 
 en: 
 
 J. H. Rabb G. Wein- 
 stein, P. R. McCarthy, 
 E. M. Thompson, E. H. 
 Smith. 
 
 At the next meeting 
 July 17, nine business 
 men were elected to 
 membership. 
 Without following up 
 
 Geo. W. Roush 
 
 T. H. Adams 
 
 the work from meeting to meeting further, 
 
 which the limitations of our space forbids, 
 
 suffice it to say that the growth of the board 
 
 membership in its ear- 
 
 ly days was quite satis- 
 
 factory and that it 
 
 numbered among its 
 
 active members many 
 
 of the prominent busi- 
 
 ness and professional 
 
 men of those days. 
 
 Among the charter 
 
 members who are still 
 
 active members we 
 
 lote: President Ed- 
 
 ward Watson, Treasur- 
 
 er Joseph L. Bayard, H. F. Willis. Secretar ' 
 
 E. H. Smith, L. A. Wise, R. E. Russell and P. 
 R. McEarthy. 
 
 N. F. Dalton, who was at this meeting 
 C'losen president of tin, 
 board, proved an active 
 and intelligent execu- 
 tb e, and he was an- 
 nually re-elected until 
 and including 1890, but 
 m the fall of 1890 he 
 resigned the position 
 ana was succeeded by 
 Mr. Watson, the pres- 
 ent incumbent. At its 
 September meeting the 
 b-jard passed a resolu- 
 tion of thanks for his ; - A ' Risch 
 
 long and faithful service and expressing regret 
 that he could not longer serve them. At the 
 meeting held September 19, 1890, Mr. Edward 
 W.'tson was chosen 
 president to succeed __^______^^__ - 
 
 President Dalton, re- 
 signed, and has held 
 that position since, with 
 the exception of two 
 terms, Mr. Joseph L. 
 Ebner haying served 
 from March 24, 1899, to 
 April 30, 1901. 
 
 The present member- 
 ship of the board is 
 about 200. The cost of 
 membership is $5.00 for 
 
 c 
 
 McCord
 
 VIXCBNNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 certificate and monthly lues of 25c, payable 
 semi-annually. Since its organization this board 
 has done much for the city by securing the 
 location of factories, no 
 less than nine of the im- 
 portant industries now 
 contributing to the well- 
 fj;re of the city owing 
 thtir existence here to 
 the efforts of the board 
 in that behalf, while 
 others have been assist- 
 ed with stock and still 
 others located which 
 ht)ve since been discon- 
 tinued. 
 
 The first of these lo- w - A - CuII P 
 
 cated was the Vincennes Paper Mill, which 
 was located in September 1886, and was quickly 
 followed by the Enterprise Stove Company the 
 next year. A starch factory was secured in 
 1888 and proved of great advantage to the city 
 until its destruction by fi.e. The Fyfield & Lee 
 Woolen Mills were locateu in the same year. At 
 the meeting of January, 1S89, President Dalton, 
 in his annual address, celled attention to four 
 industries that had been secured through the 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 New Depot of Terre Haute Brewing Co., First, bet. Main and Busseron 
 
 efforts of the Board of Trade: the Paper Mill, 
 Enterprise Stove Works, GJ over's Stave Factory 
 and the Woolen Mills, whose combined gross 
 output amounted to $2/2,000 and which em- 
 ployed 270 people to w.'tom the annual pay- 
 ments amounted to 
 $77,000, 38J per cent, of 
 the gross production. 
 Tioese enterprises, so 
 Mr. Dalton said, had 
 e. st the people of Vin- 
 cennes a total of $13,- 
 500. In 1889 the Bell & 
 \rmistead Manufactur- 
 .rg Company (sewer 
 pipe works) was estab- 
 'isned here at a cost of 
 $5000 to the Board of 
 Trade. Another $10,000 Eugene Hack 
 
 was subscribed to this oompan/y later when its 
 plant was destroyed by fi. e. In this year also 
 the Hartman Manufacturing Company was 
 organized and placed in operation and the 
 Baker Manufacturing Company (egg case fac- 
 tory), now owned and operated by the Vln- 
 cennes Paper Company, was secured through 
 the efforts of the board, so that 1889 was a 
 red letter year in the 
 matter of the loca- 
 tion of factories at 
 Vincenes. 
 
 In 1893 the Hart- 
 well Handle Works 
 was located through 
 the efforts of the 
 board. 
 
 In 1895 the Marlon 
 Hardwood Lumber 
 Company. 
 
 In 1896, the Inter- 
 State Distillery. 
 
 In 1897 the Shep- 
 erd Paper Mill burn- 
 ing of the Vin- 
 cennes Paper Com- 
 pany was organ- 
 ized through the ef- 
 forts of the board 
 and the mills rebuilt 
 on enlarged plans. 
 In 1899 the Vin- 
 cennes Bridge Com- 
 pany was located. In
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 1900 Roush's Basket factory was organized, 
 and in the same year an arrangement was 
 concluded with the Central Foundry Company 
 whereby its plant was ro be doubled and to 
 employ mot less than 250 men. This has been 
 accomplished. 
 
 In 1901 the Vincennes Window Glass Com- 
 pany was secured to the city and is now em- 
 ploying at good wages a')out 200 men with the 
 prospect of a constant development and in- 
 crease of pay roll. In .1901 also the Indiana 
 Hantdle Company, employing now in the neigh- 
 borhood of fifty men at good wages, was 
 
 Population 14,000. Had gas, electric light and 
 power, electric street railway, filtered water 
 company, stand pipe and direct pressure; maxi- 
 mum power, 90 horse pcvver; minimum power, 
 40 horse power. 
 
 Fire alarm system, with a fine modern 
 equipped paid fire department. 
 Lines of traffic -rail and water. 
 Wabash river navigabl^ eight to ten months 
 of the year. 
 
 Baltimore snd Ohio Railroad. 
 Pennsylvania Lines. 
 
 Cleveland, Cincin- 
 nati and St. Louis 
 Big Four. 
 
 Evansville and. 
 Terre Haute. 
 
 Three National 
 Banks, whose capi- 
 tal and surplus prof- 
 its amount to $416,- 
 937.17, and their de- 
 posits $2,512,^10.56. 
 
 Rate of gas, 95- 
 cents per thousand. 
 
 Rate of water 
 maximum, 25 cents 
 per 1,000 gallons. 
 Rate of water min- 
 imum, 8 cents per 
 1,000 gallons. 
 
 Average rate of 
 taxation for past 
 five years, $2.12. 
 
 Price of Bitumin- 
 ous Coal per ton: 
 Slack, 50c per ton; 
 nut and slack, 85c 
 per ton; mine run, 
 $1.25 per ton; lump, 
 $1.65 per ton. 
 
 The present offi- 
 cers are: President, 
 Second Street, South from Busseron Edward Watson, 
 
 proprietor of Union Depot Hotel and largely 
 interested in various manufacturing concerns; 
 Vice-President, Antoni S';non, of Hack & Si- 
 mon, brewers; Treasurer. Joseph L. Bayard, 
 president First National liank; Secretary, H. T. 
 Willis, cashier Union Depot Hotel; Assistant 
 Secretary, H. J. Foulks, 'nsurance. 
 
 The Board of Directors is composed of lead- 
 ing business and professional men, as follows: 
 
 placed in operation here ihrough the efforts of 
 tiie board. 
 
 The board has at its command many good 
 manufacturing sites convenient to water and 
 railroads and is prepared to extend material 
 assistance to worthy institutions of all kinds. 
 
 The board in its literature holds out the 
 following as some of th? inducements for the 
 investment of capital het'o:
 
 94 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Eugene Hack, of Hack & Simon, brewers; 
 Joseph L. Ebner, ice, coal and coid storage; 
 Chas, Bierhaus, of E. Bierhaus & Sons, whole- 
 sale grocers; Isaac Lyons of S. & I. Lyons, dry 
 goods; W. A. Cullop, attorney. 
 
 The various committ _:! of the board are 
 as follows 
 
 'Photo by Townsley 
 
 A. M. Ford, manager of the Grand Hotel. 
 MANUFACTURING COMMITTEE T. H. 
 Adams, proprietor Daily Commercial and post- 
 master; An'ton Simon, brewer; Gerard Reiter, 
 vice-president German National Bank; Francis 
 Murphy, wines and liquors, and D. L. Bonner, 
 merchant and traveling salesman. 
 
 Floral Parade 
 
 LEGAL COMMITTEE C. B. Kessenger, C. 
 G. McCord, E. H. DeWolf, James W. Emison, 
 all attorneys. 
 
 ENQUIRY COMMITTEE John A. Risch, 
 general merchandise; Henry Eberwine, 
 Thomas Campbell, architect; John A. Cox, lum- 
 ber; George W. Roush, lumber and baskets; 
 
 July 4th, 1900 
 
 At the meeting held November 26, 1901, the 
 treasurer's report showed receipts for the pre- 
 vious year, including a small balance, to have 
 been $12,561.46. The expenses, including $8,000 
 to the glass works and $3,000 to the Enter- 
 prise Stove Works, amounted to $11,136.44, 
 leaving a balance in the treasury of $1,425.02.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 95 
 
 First National Bank 
 
 The First National B.nk, of Vincennes, was 
 organized July 15, 1871 with J. H. Rabb as 
 president and J. L. Bayard cashier. The first 
 board of directors was as follows: Louis L. 
 Watson. John H. Rabb, Abraham Glmbel, 
 Henry Knirihn, W. M. Tyler, Newton F. Ma- 
 lott and Jos. L. Bayard. Of this board only two 
 members are living, Messrs. Watson 
 and Bayard. Messrs. Rabb and Bay- 
 ard served uninterruptedly as presi- 
 dent and cashier, respectively, for al- 
 most twenty-seven years, until the 
 death of Mr. Rabb in February, 1898, 
 when Mr. Bayard fiecame president, 
 and Mr. P. M O'Don'nell, who had 
 been, in 1893, made assistant cashier, 
 succeeded Mr. Bayard as cashier. 
 These with Mr. H. V. Somes, who was 
 elected assistant cashier in January, 
 1901, are the present officers. The 
 present board of directors of the First 
 National is as follows: L. L. Watson, 
 J. L. Bayard, E H. Smith, Chas Bier- 
 haus, J. L. Ebuei, Edward Watson 
 and J. E. Horn. The condition of the 
 First National, as rendered in its re- 
 port December 10. 1901, is as follows: 
 
 Capital stock $100,000.00 
 
 Surplus 20,000.00 
 
 Undivided profits 50,429.29 
 
 Deposits 1,009,861.413 
 
 The First National Bank became a 
 depository for government funds in 
 October, 1898. 
 JOSEPH L. BAYARD PRESIDENT. 
 
 Joseph L. Bayard was born in Vin- 
 cennes, January 21, 1840, and received 
 his education in the schools of Vin- 
 tennes and at Bardstown College, at 
 Bardstown, Ky. His first employment in the 
 way of business was as a clerk in the Vin- 
 cennes branch of the Bank of the State of In- 
 diana. In this position he remained five years 
 till 18G3, when he engaged in a general mer- 
 chandise business in Vincennes, in which he 
 continued till 1869, when he joined in the or- 
 gani-saton of the German Banking Company, a 
 private bank, of which he became cashier. 
 This bank was, in 1871. merged in the First 
 National, and Mr. Bayard became cashier of 
 the enlarged institution. This position he con- 
 tinued to fill for more than twenty-six years 
 
 until the death of Mr. Rabb, in 1898, when he 
 was elected president of the bank and has 
 been annually re-elected since. Mr. Bayard 
 has never sought public office or public trust 
 but has had many trusts imposed upon him 
 which a broad-minded pub'ic spirit would not 
 permit him to decline. He was ome of the or- 
 ganizers of the Citizen's Gas Company and has 
 been treasurer of the company since its organl- 
 
 First National Bark 
 
 /atiou. He lias also been president of the com- 
 pany since 1S98. He was a charter member 
 of the board of trade and has been treasurer 
 of that body siace its organization. He has 
 been a trustee of Vincennes University for 
 fourteen years and treasurer of the institution 
 for ten years. He is also the senior member 
 of the firm of J. L. Bayard & Co., one of the 
 oldest and largest insurance agencies in this 
 end of the State. Mr. Bayard was married in 
 1881 to Miss Helen Burke, of Marietta, Ohio. 
 They have four sons and one daughter living 
 and one son doad.
 
 96 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Patrick M. O'Donnell. cashier of the First 
 National Bamk, is a native of Lawrence coun- 
 ty, Illinois, where he was horn on a farm, Sep- 
 tember 4. 1865. He received his education in 
 the public schools of tLat county. His father 
 .removed to V'incennes in the year 1879 and 
 the next year our subject became a messenger 
 
 BAYARD BUILDING/.THIRD AND MAIN 
 In the Vmcennes National Bank. He contin- 
 ued in the employ of this bank till. 1884, when 
 he became book-keeper for the First National, 
 a position which he continued to fill until 
 1893, when he was made assistant cashier. On 
 the death of Mr. Rabb ir 1898, and the election 
 
 of Mr. Bayard to the presidency, Mr. O'Don- 
 nell became cashier, a position which he has- 
 since held. He is a member of the firm of J. 
 L. Bayar;! & Co., insurance. 
 
 Mr. O'Donnell was married in April, 1893, 
 to Miss Marie C. Convery, of Vincennes. They 
 have three daughters and one soni. 
 
 HARRY V. SOMES, 
 ASS'T. CASHIER. 
 
 Harry V. Some* 
 was born in Vin- 
 cennes September 24^ 
 1866, anti received 
 his education in the- 
 Cathedral school and 
 the Vincennes pub- 
 lic schools. After 
 leaving school, when 
 yet quite young, he- 
 was variously em- 
 ployed in grocery 
 stores and elsewhere 
 for some years, his 
 last employment be- 
 fore entering the 
 bank being with 
 William Davidson, 
 books and station- 
 ery. In 1884, in the 
 month of August, he 
 became collector for 
 the First National 
 P.ank. Since that 
 time he has been 
 from time to time 
 advaniced until in 
 January, 1901, he be- 
 came assistant cash- 
 ier, his present posi- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Somes was 
 married in 1894, to- 
 MJSS Bertha O'Dan- 
 lel, of Owensboro, 
 Ky. They have one 
 son and one daugh- 
 ter. 
 
 JOSEPH L. BAYARD, JR., TELLER. 
 
 Joseph L. Bayard, Jr., receiving teller of the 
 First National Bank, was born in Vincennes 
 July 21, 1872. He attended the Cathedral 
 school here and later entered Fordham College,
 
 YINCEXNES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 97 
 
 of Fordhana, New York taking the scientific 
 course. From this school he was graduated 
 in June, .1892, taking the degree of B. Sc. His 
 first employment after leaving school was in 
 the First National Bank, which he entered as 
 book-keeper in May, 18!)4. He became receiv- 
 ing teller, January 1, 1900. Mr. Bayard was 
 married October 28, 1896, to Miss Helen Reily. 
 They have one son. 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 Second National Bank, Second and Main 
 
 Second National Bank 
 
 The Second National Bank of Vincennes was 
 organized inf 1893 with a capital of $100,000 
 and began business in July of that year, hav- 
 ing bought at receiver's sale the building at 
 the north corner of Second and Main streets, 
 formerly occupied by tne Vincennes National 
 Bank. The first officers of the bank were as 
 follows: Ailed Tindolph, president; G. W. 
 McDonald, cashier; W. J. Freeman, assistant 
 cashier. The preesnt officers are G. W. 
 Donaldson, president; W J. Freeman, cashier; 
 
 J. T. Boyd, assistant cashier. The Second Na- 
 tional Bank has from the f!ay of its organiza- 
 tion enjoyed the confidence of the public in a 
 high degree, the men who have conducted its 
 affairs being recognized as possessed of the 
 most sterling qualities. Its board of directors 
 includes many of our most solid and conserva- 
 tive business men and notwithstanding the 
 financial depression, covering a period of sev- 
 eral of the eight and a half years since 
 its organization, it has accumulated a 
 surplus of $16,000 and shows a hand- 
 some and steady gain in deposits from 
 year to year. 
 
 The directors of the Second National 
 are as follows: George Fendrich, James 
 I. Kelso, 'B. Kuhn, R. M. Robinson, J. T. 
 McJimsey, G. W. Donaldson, L. R. 
 Boyd, R. M. Glass anld E. Bierhaus, Sr. 
 
 G., W. DONALDSON, PRESIDENT. 
 George W. Donaldson, president of 
 the Second National Bank, was born on 
 a farm in Knox county, near Wheat- 
 land, February 11, 1856. He attended 
 the district school iu the neighborhood 
 of his birth and later Vimcennes High 
 School in which he took the teacher's 
 course. He became a teacher in the 
 schools of ' the country and continued 
 so engaged for twelve years. During 
 the time that he was engaged as a 
 teacher he successfully conducted a. 
 farm near Bicknell. In 1884 he em- 
 barked in mercantile business at Bick- 
 niell, where he carried a general stock. 
 and in which business he remained 
 four years, until, in 1888, he was 
 elected treasurer of Knox Count:/. 
 Before entering upon the discharge of 
 his official duties he disposed of th > 
 store. He served two terms as treas- 
 urer, having been re-elected in 1890. During 
 his service as treasurer Mr. Donaldson had 
 the satisfaction of seeing the entire indebted- 
 ness of Knox county wiped out. At the begin- 
 ning of his term it amounted to $86,000. Soon 
 after his retirement from office the Seconl 
 National was organized and Mr. Donaldson b ~- 
 cMiiH 1 its first cashier and has been connected 
 with its active operation ever since. He w:is 
 elected president in January, 1899. 
 
 Mr. Donaldson owns and conducts a stock 
 farm of about five hundred acres near Bi -k-
 
 98 
 
 V1NCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 nell, devoted principally to neat cattle. He 
 is also one of the proprietors of the Citizen's 
 Bank, of Bicknell, Ind., and a member of the 
 Robinson-Donaldson Buggy Company, of this 
 city. 
 
 Mr. Donaldson was married in 1878 to Miss 
 Sarah A. Gilmore, of \ igo township, Knox 
 county. They have three daughters an'd one 
 son. 
 
 W. J. FREEMAN, CASHIER. 
 William J. Free- Pho , by ShoreS 
 man, cashier of the 
 Second N a ti o n a 1 
 Biank, was born in 
 Washington, Ind., 
 January 3o, 1860. 
 His parents removed 
 to Edwardsp ort. 
 where his father, Mr. 
 Job Freeman, opera- 
 ted a coal mine, 
 whenf W. J. was quite 
 small, and here he 
 attended the public 
 schools till 1885, 
 when his father re- 
 moved to Vincennes 
 and he entered Vin- 
 cennes University. 
 After one year here 
 he entered Rose 
 Polytechnic School 
 at Terre Haute, 
 where he remained 
 till November, 1887, 
 when, his father be- 
 coming auditor of Knox county, W. J. became 
 his deputy, serving in tl^at capacity four years 
 undor his father and one year under C. II. 
 DeBolt. his successor. In 1803 he became as- 
 sistant cashier 'of the Second National Hank, 
 which position he held t'll 1800, when lie was 
 advanced to the position of cashier, on the 
 election of Mr. G. W. Donaldson to the presi- 
 dency. Mr. Freeman was married December 
 23, 1800, to Miss May. daughter of Thomas 
 Bartlett, of Edwardsport. 
 
 JOHN T. BOYD, ASSISTANT CASHIER. 
 
 John T. Boyd was born in Vincennes Jan- 
 uary 21, 1873. He was educated in tbo schools 
 of the city. His business experience began 
 with a subordinate position in the Second Na- 
 tional Bank, which he accepted ini 1804. and 
 he has since that date continued with the bank, 
 
 becoming assistant cashier in 1809. Mr. Boyd 
 was married October 25 1895, to Miss Kathe- 
 rine Eastham, daughter of City Treasurer 
 Thomas Eastham. 
 
 JOHN F. HALL- 
 
 John F. Hall, exchange > lerK of the Second 
 National Bank, was born in Vincennes, Febru- 
 ary 24, 1878, and is a son of Henry J. Hall. 
 He was educated in the schools of the city, 
 attending the University fee* a time. In Octo- 
 
 Main 
 
 Street, Looking North from Fifth 
 
 IKT, 1807, he became a messenger for the Sec- 
 ond National Bank and was later advanced to 
 liis present position. John is a bright, steady, 
 industrious young man, and apparently has a 
 prosperous future before him. 
 
 The German National Bank 
 
 The German National Bank was organized 
 in the spring of 1888, ueginming business on 
 the 4th of April, of that year, at 116 Main 
 street, where it remained until 1805, when it 
 removed to its present quarters, the south cor- 
 ner of Second and Main, having bought the 
 building during the previous year. The first 
 officers of the bank were Selenian Gimbel, 
 president: Gerard Reiter. vice-president; Dr. 
 George R. Alsop. cashier. The first board of 
 directors was composed of the following gen-
 
 VINCBNNB8 IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 99 
 
 tleinen, S. Gimbel, G. Reiter, Wm. Baker, E. 
 Hack, C. Hoffman, A. .Gimbel, A. Heinekamp, 
 Job Freeman and Dr. John W. Milam. The 
 present officers are: President, William Baker; 
 vice-president, Gerard Reiter; cashier, George 
 R. Alsop; assistant cashier, H. J. Boeckman. 
 
 Directors Wm. Baker, G. Reiter, Eugene 
 Hack, Chris Hoffman, Aug. Heintekamp, Henry 
 J. Hellert, Edwin L. Ryder, F. M. Mail and 
 George R. Alsop. 
 
 At the date of the last statement ^> Mo 
 rendered the comptroller, December ^^^ 
 10, 1901. the condition of the bank was 
 as follows: 
 
 Capital stock $ 100,000 
 
 Surplus and und'ed profits. 50,000 
 Deposits 1,100,000 
 
 The German National is a regular 
 depository for government funds. 
 
 WILLIAM BAKER, PRESIDENT. 
 Win. Baker, president of the German 
 National Bank, wss born in Lippe 
 Detmold. Prussia. September 29, 1835, 
 and was educated in the schools of 
 that country. He came to this country 
 with his parents, arriving in Decem- 
 ber, 1852. His first employment was 
 as a teamster in the construction of 
 the E. & T. H. railroad. He was sub- 
 sequently for several years employed 
 on a farm and then for one year drove 
 a dray in Vincennes. Later, in 1860, 
 entered the employ of George Kerck- 
 hoff & Co., hides and leather. Here he 
 remained till 1863, when he estab- 
 lished a hide and leather business of 
 his own on Second street, between 
 Broadway and Buntin. In 1868 he 
 bought the business of Kerckhoff & 
 Co., at the north corner of Third and 
 Main, and continued the business 
 there for about twenty years, when 
 he retired from active business for a 
 time.' He became one of the directors of the 
 German National Battk on its organization, in 
 1888. In 3894, Mr. Baker was elected presi- 
 dent of the bank and has been annually re- 
 elected since that date. 
 
 GERARD REITER. VICE PRESIDENT. 
 
 Gerard Reiter, vice-president of the German 
 National Hank, is of German parentage but 
 was born and reared in Vincennes. The date 
 of his birth was Septeiubev 1. 1849. He was 
 
 educated in the German Catholic and public 
 schools of the city. His first business experi- 
 ence was as clerk in the county auditor's of- 
 fice, which position he filled when but fifteen 
 years of age. He was deputy auditor for elev- 
 en years and in 1874 was elected auditor and 
 re-elected in 1878, serving two full terms and 
 completing a total service in the auditor's 
 office of nineteen years. In 1884 Mr. Reiter 
 was elected a member of the State Legisla- 
 
 by Shores 
 
 German National Bank, Second and Main 
 ture as joint representative for the counties of 
 Knox. Sullivan and Greene. In 1888, on the 
 organization of the German National Bank, he 
 became vice-president of the institution and 
 has held that position to the present time. Mr. 
 Reiter served six years MS an efficient member 
 of the Vincennes school board, from 1883 to 
 1S8<! and from 1889 to 1892. In 1897 he was 
 elected supreme treasurer of the Catholic 
 Knights of America, an office which he held 
 for four years, during which time funds of the
 
 100 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 society amounting to over three millions of 
 dollars passed through his hands. Of this great 
 trust Mr. Reiter acquitted himself, not only 
 with satisfaction to the order, but with distin- 
 guished honor to himself. 
 
 Mr. Reiter was united in marriage, October 
 24, 1871, to Miss Ellen Green, a native of Bel- 
 fast, Ireland. 
 
 DR. GEORGE R. ALSOP, CASHIER. 
 
 Dr. George R. Alsop, cashier German Nation- 
 al Bank, was born in Sperroyville, Rappahan- 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 Graeter Block, South Corner Third and Main 
 
 noc county, Virginia, December 19, 1851, and 
 was educated in the schools of Rappahannock 
 and Spottsylvania counties, Va. He came to 
 Sullivan county, Indiana, in 18f>9, teaching 
 school till 1873. In 1873 and 1874 attended In- 
 diana Medical College and next year -entered 
 the medical department of the University of 
 Louisville, Ky., from whicn he was graduated 
 in March, 1875. He soon after located at Free- 
 landville, Knox county, Indiana, for the prac- 
 
 tice of his profession, forming a partnership 
 with Dr. M. M. McDowell, and remaining there 
 eight years. In November, 1882, the doctor 
 was elected Circuit Clerk and in the following 
 autumn moved to Vincennes to enter upon 1 the 
 discarge of the duties of that position. He 
 served four years as clerk and. soon after the 
 close of his term joined in the organization of 
 the German National Bank, of which he be- 
 came cashier in April, 1888. In that position, 
 'he has continued to the present time. 
 
 Prior to his service as Circuit 
 Clerk, Dr. Alsop was for four years 
 trustee of Widner township, from. 
 1878 to 1882. Having an abiding 
 faith in the value of Knox county 
 farm lands the doctor has invested 
 largely, and owns a number of val- 
 uable farms. 
 
 Dr. Alsop was married April 20,. 
 1875, to Miss Nancy J. McClellan, 
 of Sullivan, Ind. They have an. 
 interesting family of four sons and. 
 three daughters. 
 
 HENRY J. BOEKMAN. 
 Henry J. Boeckmani, assistant 
 cashier of the German National- 
 Bank, was born in Vincennes, Feb- 
 ruary 18,1857. He received his edu- 
 cation at St. John's German Catho- 
 lic schools and his first employ- 
 ment was in the bank of R. J. Mc- 
 Kenney & Co., of the city, inl which 
 he became booii-keeper in 1873. 
 Here he remained six and a half 
 years and was then for nearly five 
 years bookkeeper in the First Na- 
 tional Bank, of Vincennes. Follow- 
 ing this he was for a time with C. 
 H. DeBolt, as book-keeper for his 
 implement business. On the or- 
 ganiization of the German National 
 Bank, in 1888, Mr. Boekman be- 
 came book-keeper and assistant 
 cashier and has held that position continuously 
 to the present time. He is also a member of 
 the firm of Boeckman & Co., insurance agents^ 
 
 &
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 101 
 
 The John LI) ne r 
 Ice Co. (lately incor- 
 porated), was estab- 
 lished iu 18U, iu tiie 
 corner of Chestniu 
 and Locust Streets. 
 It was iiot, however, 
 until 1889 that ma- 
 chines were in- 
 stalled, beginning 
 with a 20-ton plant. 
 The capacity of the 
 Vinceuues plant now 
 is eighty tons a day. 
 It employs from 
 twenty-five to forty 
 hands. Besides a 
 large home trade the 
 product is shipped 
 largely south and 
 west, as far south as 
 Cairo, Nashville and 
 St. Louis, and east 
 to Cincinnati, xne 
 John Ebner Ice Co. 
 also owns plants at 
 Washington, Ind., 
 and at Seymour and 
 and Martinsville, the 
 combined capacity 
 of the foul) plants' be- 
 ing 200 tons. Large 
 cold storage plants 
 are operated at Vin- 
 cennes and Seymour 
 and a smaller one at 
 Washington. The 
 company buys ap- 
 ples largely for stor- 
 age, besides doing a 
 storage custom busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Ebner, 
 manager of the Vin- 
 cennes plant, is a 
 progressive public 
 spirited man. a lead- 
 er in every move- 
 ment for the en- 
 largement and de- 
 
 velopment of the city. He was president of fhe board of trade for the year 1899 and 
 
 1900.
 
 102 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 The Eagle Brewery. 
 
 The Eagle Brewery, Hack & Simon proprie- 
 tors, was established in 1875, when the firm 
 was organized and bought a small brewery 
 that had been operated by John Ebner. A large 
 amount of money was at once spent in enlarg- 
 
 ways been prominently identified with public 
 affairs and is largely interested in many of the 
 prominent manufacturing institutions of the 
 city. He is a director of the German National 
 Bank and of the Vincennes Board of Trade. 
 He is also a member of the Board of Education 
 of the city. 
 
 THE EAGLE BREWERY Hack & Simon, Proprietors 
 
 ing it. A number of new buildings were erect- 
 ed, th plant thoroughly modernized and made 
 the equal of any in this section. The build- 
 ings cover several acres of ground and are 
 built on the most approved plans and the most 
 substantial manner. From a small beginning, 
 under intelligent and progressive management, 
 the business of the Eagle Brewery has grown 
 to large proportions. The number of men em- 
 ployed is about twenty-five and the product of 
 the brewery is sold over a radius of one hun- 
 dred miles or more in every direction. The 
 chief brands of bottle beer are "Elite," "Ex- 
 port" and "Erlanger." 
 
 Eucenp Hack was born in Wurtemburg. Ger- 
 many. Nov. 18, 1840, and came to this country 
 in 1807, and to Yincennes in 1868. He entered 
 the employ of Edward Weisert in a grocery 
 store where he remained for six years, having 
 bought the brewery some time before leaving 
 the employ of Mr. Weisert. Mr. Hack has al- 
 
 Mr. Hack was married in May, 1873, to Miss 
 Dora Hackman, of Vincennes. They have two 
 sons and four daughters. 
 
 Anton Simon was born in Alsace, France, 
 (now Germany), Nov. 2, 1848, and came to 
 America, direct to Vincennes, in 1862. After 
 his arrival here he was for a six months in the 
 employ of Theodore Huslage. He subsequently 
 was in the employ of William Busse, grocer, 
 for five years and a number of years with John 
 Ebner in his brewery. He then embarked in a 
 confectionery business which he continued for 
 si bout three years, till 1874, when the partner- 
 ship with Mr. Hack was formed. Like his 
 partner. Mr. Simon is an enterprising and pub- 
 lic spirited man. He is Vice President of tfie 
 Board of Trade. Mr. Simon was married in 
 I860, to Miss Caroline, daughter of John Ebner, 
 of Vincennes. He was a second time married, 
 in 1876, to Miss Anna Weisenberger, of Vin- 
 cennes. They 'have two sons and two daughters 

 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 103 
 
 The Vincennes Window Glass Company. 
 
 The Vincenues Win- 
 dow Glass Company 
 was organized at Al- 
 bany, Ind., April, 1901, 
 by a number of men, 
 most of whom are ex- 
 perienced in the glass 
 industry. 
 
 The factory, which is 
 built upon the most ap- 
 proved plans, including 
 every known improve- 
 ment and appliance, in- 
 cluding producer gas, is 
 up to date in every particular. 
 
 The tank, which is of the latest design, and 
 of twenty-four blowers capacity, was erected 
 in the summer of 1901. 
 
 The manufacture of window glass, the sole 
 product of this factory, was b.^gun Nov. 1, 1901, 
 and it makes a quality of glass that is nowhere 
 excelled. 
 
 This fact, coupled with the large business 
 acquaintance of the management, has already 
 
 Andrew Tuite, Pres. & Mgr. 
 
 and Memphis, Tenn. In the West to Portland, 
 Oregon, and Walawala, Washington. St. Louis 
 and Chicago also furnish a good market for 
 the best quality and sizes. Many other large 
 cities also, are taking a large amount of its 
 product. 
 
 The present capacity of the factory is from 
 four to five car loads per week; and with the 
 present demand for window glass, the prospects 
 are that it will be necessary in the near future 
 to enlarge the plant. 
 
 It now employs about 100 men, largely skilled 
 labor, and its pay roll averages about .$12,000 
 per mouth. 
 
 The manager of the company, Mr. Andrew 
 Tuite. has been engaged in the window glass 
 business more than thirty years. Mr. Tuite has 
 been uniformly successful in the business, in 
 fact, he knows no such word as "fail" and is 
 still active and energetic. He is thoroughly 
 capable of filling the position he occupies with 
 the company, as manager. 
 
 The officers of the company are Win. Tuite, 
 president; A. K. Ilartman, secretary and treas- 
 urer; Andrew Tuite, manager. 
 
 The directors are: A. P. Hartman, Andrew 
 
 VINCENNES WINDOW GLASS COMPANY PLANT 
 resulted in sales over a broad range of terri- Tuite. Wm. Tuite, Joseph Baures, Sr., John 
 
 tory, extending in the North to Duluth. Minn., 
 and in the South to Jackson, Miss., Macon. d'a., 
 
 Middlehurst, John Tuite, John Wenzel, Fred 
 Perkins, and Thomas Dixon.
 
 104 
 
 YINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 105 
 
 The Vincennes Paper Company. 
 
 The Yinceuues paper Co. was established in 
 188(3, by Jacob Sheperd and Mrs. S. T. Cottrill, 
 of Urbana, Ohio. After being in successful 
 operation for several years 1he plant was de- 
 stroyed by flie in 180o and in the following year 
 the company was incorporated and a new and 
 enlarged plant erected. Of the new organiza- 
 tion A. M. Sheperd became president and E. S. 
 Sheperd, secretary and treasurer, and they 
 have continued to hold the same offices to the 
 present time. 
 
 The product of the mills is straw board, of 
 which it makes a superior quality, and its ca- 
 pacity is fifteen tons daily. Its product is sold 
 in all parts of the country, reaching westward 
 to California and to all parts of the east and 
 south and northward into Canada. The com- 
 pany employs about forty hands and consumes 
 iaimense quantities of straw from the farms 
 and waste paper from the city, providing a 
 ready cash market for substances that would 
 otherwise be almost valueless. 
 
 The Vincennes Egg Case Company. 
 
 The Vincennes Eg? Case Company, organized 
 in 1891 for the manufacture of straw board 
 fillers for egg cases, is an industry of consider- 
 able importance to the city, giving employ- 
 ment to an average of something like fifty peo- 
 ple. mostly girls. The company was incorpor- 
 ated in 1900. The officers are A. M. Sheperd, 
 president, and E. S. Sheperd, secretary and 
 treasurer. The capacity of its factory is about 
 3.500 sets of fillers daily, nsing board made by 
 the Yincennes Paper Mills. It has built up a 
 trndo that reaches to the limits of the United 
 States and Canada, and finds no difficulty in 
 disposing of its entire outpnt as rapidly as it 
 can be produced. 
 
 The Vincennes Bridge Company. 
 
 The Yincennes Bridge Co.. manufacturers of 
 bridges of every character, and structural work 
 in iron and steel, was organized in January, 
 1899, with the following officers, who have con- 
 tinued to the present time without change: 
 John T. Oliphant. president: J. L. Riddle, secre- 
 tary; F. L. Oliphant. treasurer. These are the 
 only stockholders in the concern. Before de- 
 ciding on Yincennes as a location for the busi- 
 
 ness, President Oliphant spent six months trav- 
 eling in ten or twelve states, examining many 
 sites and considering many propositions, some 
 of which, in the way of bonuses, were much 
 superior to the inducements offered by Vin- 
 cennes, but finally decided that the advantages 
 possessed by Vincennes were so great as to out- 
 weigh all other inducements offered, and accord- 
 ingly fixed upon this location. The character 
 of the work done by this company is such as 
 to give en/tire satisfaction and the business has 
 developed rapidly. For the past year the com- 
 pany has been unable to keep up with its or- 
 ders and has been compelled to increase the 
 capacity of its plant to which end a large addi- 
 tion ?s now nearing completion. New machin- 
 ery will be installed and the force of workmen 
 increased. 
 
 John T. and F. L. Oliphant, brothers, were 
 born at Buena Vista, Indiana. J. T. Oliphant 
 first went into the hardware business and sub- 
 sequently in real estate. After two years in the 
 latter business became one of the organizers 
 of the New Castle Bridge Co., in 1894. Of this 
 company he was vice president, and secretary 
 until 1898, when he resigned and organized the 
 Vincennes Co. F. L. Oliphant was a teacher 
 for fourteen years, the last seven as principal, 
 three at Diller, Neb., and four at Teller, Colo- 
 rado. He was graduated from the Central 
 Normal School at Danville, Ind., in 1892. 
 
 Mr. Little was, prior to embarking in this 
 business, a merchant at Cincinnati, Indiana. 
 
 * 
 
 George W. Roush, Baskets. 
 
 George W. H. Roush 
 was born in Hillsboro, 
 Ohio, may 26, 1851. 
 He received a good 
 education in the schools 
 of that city, having 
 been duly graduated 
 from the high school. 
 He read law with 
 Charles Collins, a lead- 
 ing attorney of Hills- 
 boro, for two years, fol- 
 lowing which he was for 
 five years local editor of the Hillsboro Weekly 
 Gazette. He was then for seven years deputy 
 sheriff of Highland County, Ohio, until the year 
 1899, when he came to Vincennes and estab- 
 lished a large business as manufacturer and
 
 106 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 dealer in lumber. His business flourished, and 
 in 181)0 he added a basket factory which exper- 
 ienced a constant and rapid growth until its 
 destruction by tire on the night of June 1'9, 
 1901, at which time it was employing 126 peo- 
 ple and making two car loads of baskets per 
 day. He is making arrangements to renew his 
 basket factory and will begin work thereon 
 early in the spring of 1902. 
 
 Mr. Roush is the regular Democratic candi- 
 date for Mayor of Vincennes, election May 6, 
 1902. 
 
 Mr. Roush was married, March 4, 1876 to 
 Miss Cindarella Chapman, of Hillsboro, Ohio. 
 They have two daughters, Mrs. E. F. Tindolph 
 of the city and Miss Georgia. 
 
 * 
 
 James A. Plummer, Chairs and 
 Finishings. 
 
 James A. Plummer , 
 was born at McCou- 
 nellsville. Morgan Coun- 
 ty, Ohio, October 5, 
 1826. His mother dy- 
 ing when he was an 
 infant he was placed 
 with relatives at Mid- 
 dletown, Ohio, where 
 he was educated. He 
 served an apprentice- 
 ship to the trade of 
 chairmaker in Cin- 
 cinnati, where he was an active member of the 
 volunteer fire department for ten years. Mr. 
 Plummer came to Vincennes in May, 1854, and 
 was for five years employed as a cabinet 
 maker, following which he was for five years 
 employed in the woodwork department of the 
 O. & M. shops. He then embarked in the manu- 
 facture of chairs and house finishing lumber, 
 which he has continued to the present time 
 Ho makes oak dining room and double cane 
 chairs and everything in the way of finishings 
 for houses. His chairs wherever known are 
 popular because of their high quality and dura- 
 bility. He employs from seven to twelve men 
 at good wages. 
 
 Mr. Plummer was married, in 1851, to Miss 
 Esther M. Jackson, of Cincinnati. They have 
 one daughter. Mrs. J. W. Shaw, of Chicago. 
 
 Central Foundry. 
 
 The Central Foundry Co. is one of Vinceuues' 
 most important industries. Its location here 
 was in a large measure due to a chance meeting 
 in Louisville, Ky., of William Warner, of the 
 lirm of Matthew Addy & Co., of Cincinnati, 
 with Alfred Bell and William J. Armistead. 
 They were contemplating the organization of 
 a company for the manufacture of sewer pipe 
 and looking for a location. Mr. Warner, who 
 was impressed with the superior advantages of- 
 fered by Vincennes for such an institution, sug- 
 gested the propriety of their locating here. 
 They took the matter under advisement and 
 after investigation the matter was taken up 
 with the Board of Trade here, in the office of 
 DeWolf, Chambers and DeWolf, February 25, 
 1889. The result was the prompt organization 
 of the company, the necessary stock being 
 subscribed, largely by local capitalists. At this 
 meeting the first board of directors was chosen, 
 as follows: Edward Watson, Eugene Hack, 
 ('has. Rierhaus, Alfred Bell and William J. 
 Armistead. 
 
 Ait a second meeting, held in the office of 
 Hack & Simon, officers were elected, as fol- 
 lows: Edward Watson, president; W. J. Armi- 
 stead, secretary and treasurer; Alfred B"ell, 
 general manager. During the summer of 1889 
 the plant was erected and put into operation. 
 Rut misfortune soon overtook the new enter- 
 prise in the shape of a fire, by which it was 
 totally destroyed in December, 1889. No time 
 was lost in rebuilding. The enterprise of Vin- 
 vennes capitalists was equal to the emergency. 
 The directors increased the capital stock of the 
 company and the additional stock was quickly 
 taken. The plant was immediately rebuilt. But 
 the struggling young company was not yet to 
 have smooth sailing, for not long thereafter it 
 suffered a loss of $10.000 through the failure 
 of a large eastern corporation and was a sec- 
 ond time the victim of the destroying element, 
 in 1894. 
 
 In July, 1898, the Vincennes plant became 
 the property of the Central Foundry Co., a cor- 
 poration embracing a large number of such in- 
 stitutions throughout the country. 
 
 The company has recently built large addi- 
 tions to its plant, which will enable it greatly 
 to increase its force of employes and its out- 
 put. When the contemplated additions are 
 made to its working force it will employ about
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 107 
 
 300 men and have a weekly pay roll aggregat- 
 ing more than $2,500. 
 
 The present manager is Paul G. Rahe; John 
 B. Pruilage is superintendent. The office force 
 consists of A. H. Rogers and C. F. Possou, book- 
 keepers; H. C. Bultman, time keeper; John 
 Herding, shipping .clerk; Miss Lydia Busse, 
 stenographer. 
 
 union and to England. They also make neck 
 yokes, singletrees, doubletrees, etc., for wagons 
 and carriages. They also handle rough wagon 
 stock from the mills. The number of men em- 
 ployed in the Vincennes plant and in the aux- 
 iliary work in the timber is 05 to 75 and the 
 business of the factory runs about $100,000 per 
 annum. 
 
 Vhoto by Icrtvnsley 
 
 PLANT OF CENTRAL FOUNDRY CO. Sewer Pipe Works, Second, Near Portland Ave. 
 
 The Hartwell Handle Works. 
 
 The Hartwell Handle Works, conducted by 
 Hartwell Bros., an incorporated company, is lo- 
 cated at First and Seminary Streets. The of- 
 ficers of the company are F. G. Hartwell, Chi- 
 cago, president; M. C. Hartwell, Clifton, Tenn., 
 vice president; W. A. Hartwell, of Vincennes, 
 secretary; C. L. Hartwell, of Vincennes, treas- 
 urer and manager. The business of which this 
 is the outgrowth was established at Delphos, 
 Ohio, in 1865, by John T. and E. T. Hartwell 
 brothers, progenitors of the present members of 
 the company. The business was removed to 
 Vincennes in 1893. The products of the factory 
 are hickory handles of every description, In- 
 cluding hand shaved ax handles, machine made 
 ax, pick, sledge hammer and other handles, 
 many of special pattern for a particular trade, 
 as California, England, etc. They ship by car 
 load lots to California and throughout the 
 
 Indiana Handle Company. 
 
 The Indiana Handle Co. is an incorporated 
 concern for the manufcture of handles. Its of- 
 ficers are James A. Taylor, president, Geo. W. 
 Caldwell, vice president; O. J. Mobley, secre- 
 tary; T. R. Welch, treasurer. The organization 
 was effected in May, 1901 and soon thereafter 
 operations were begun. The company having 
 leased the idle hub and spoke factory, reno- 
 vated it and replaced its machinery with new 
 and improved handle machines. They make 
 shovel, fork, rake and hoe handles, using ash 
 timber only. They employ thirty-five hands 
 in the mill, which force is increased to fifty by 
 tlie men employed in the woods and on the 
 roads. They ship their product to all 
 parts of the United States and to England. 
 The present output of the factory is about 1,200 
 to 1,4()() dozen handles per week.
 
 108 
 
 VIXCEXNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 The Hartman Manufacturing Company. 
 
 The Hartman Manufacturing Company is the 
 outgrowth of a business established in 1889 by 
 
 The annual business is in the neighborhood of 
 $100,000, bidding fair to show a large increase 
 for the current year. 
 
 CJ. R. Hartman, for the manufacture of agricul- 
 tural implements. The growth of the business 
 was such that an incorporated company with 
 enlarged capital was formed in 1891, of which 
 J. H. Rabb, now deceased, was president, Fred 
 Harsch. secretary and treasurer, and C. R. 
 Hartman, superintendent. The present officers 
 of the company are Edward Watson, president: 
 Louis A. Meyer, secretary and treasurer; Wil- 
 liam M. Willmore, manager; W. Louis Schmidt, 
 superintendent. 
 
 The company manufactures riding and walk- 
 Ing two-horse cultivators for corn, cotton, and 
 tobacco and a full line of rolling coulters for 
 breaking plows. It makes a superior quality 
 of goods which find litle difficulty in meeting all 
 competition wherever introduced and they are 
 making steady progress over a rapidly expand- 
 ing territory. The goods are sold strictly on 
 their merit and the management never fear 
 any fair test in any field. 
 
 At present the number of men .employed in 
 the factory averages about forty. They have 
 three traveling men and a trade which em- 
 braces the states of Indiana. Illinois. Ohio and 
 Kentucky, which are pretty thoroughly covered. 
 
 Vincennes Galvanized Iron Works. 
 
 Peter Rockford McCarthy, proprietor of the 
 Vincennes Galvanized Iron works, was the sec- 
 ond of a family of seven children born to Mich- 
 ael McCarthy in Parish Fackle, County Clare, 
 Ireland, the date of his 
 birth being March 10, 
 1849. After the death of 
 Mr. McCarthy'? mother, 
 his father, with his 
 seven children, Peter B. 
 then being twelve years 
 of age, came to Ameri- 
 ca, residing one year 
 thereafter at Hoboken, N. J. He then removed 
 to Washington. Ind., and thence to Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, where, the father later lost his 
 life in a railroad accident. Mr. McCarthy, hav- 
 ing received a good common school education in 
 Ireland, became a locomotive engineer and was 
 in that capcity employed for eight years on the 
 O. & M. railway. After that he had charge of 
 a fire engine in the Vincennes fire department 
 aud while thus employed was elected city treas- 
 urer in 1879. To this office he was re-elected
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 109* 
 
 in 1881, serving two full terms, thereby being 
 disqualified under the law for re-election. Be- 
 fore the expiration of his second term of office 
 he had established his present business to 
 which he now gives his undivided attention, 
 and which has reached large dimensions, ex- 
 ceeding $50,000 per annum, and including con- 
 tracts reaching into a number of states, his 
 specialties being galvanized iron cornice, roof- 
 ing, etc. In politics Mr. McCarthy is an uncom- 
 promising Democrat and has long been an in- 
 fluential member in the councils of the party. 
 He served four years as chairman of the Demo- 
 cratic County Committee and has attended 
 every state convention of his party since he 
 became a voter. He was doorkeeper of the Na- 
 tional Democratic convention which, in 1892, 
 nominated Grover Cleveland for the presidency. 
 Mr. McCarthy has been for nearly twenty years 
 a trustee of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral. He 
 is president of Vincennes branch, No. 256, C. K. 
 of A., and is also supreme mustering officer of 
 the TJ. R. C. K. of A., and has been president of 
 the state organization of C. K. of A. He is a 
 member of Vincennes Lodge, No. 291, B. P. O. 
 E. of which he was recently chosen/ E. R. by 
 unanimous vote. He was a charter member of 
 the Vincennes Board of Trade. 
 
 Mr. McCarthy was married April 4, 1871. to 
 Miss Mary O. Dubois, of Vincennes, a niece of 
 Jesse K. Dubois, who was for eight years state 
 auditor of Illinois, and a cousin' of Senator Fred 
 Dubois, of Idaho. They have seven children 
 living and two dead. 
 
 4* 
 
 -~V- 
 
 Henry Watson. 
 
 Henry Watson was born and reared in Vin- 
 cennes. He was educated in the schools of 
 the city. His first employment after leaving 
 the schools was with Thomas Lamport in the 
 lumber business. He was afterwards for four 
 years a salesman in the general store of G. 
 Weinstein & Co. He then engaged in tin and 
 galvanized iron work with his father, Mr. John 
 Watson, who conducted the business at No. 123 
 North Second Street, the present location of his 
 business. In 1890 he became proprietor of the 
 Imsiness by purchase from his father and ha 5 ? 
 since conducted it at the old stand. Mr. \\ ; 
 son is a careful and conscientious workman and 
 spares no pains to render satisfaction to his 
 custom. That he does so is evidenced by a 
 growth in business in which he may well take 
 
 Irish parentage. 
 
 an honest pride. Mr. Watson was married in. 
 1800 to Miss Emma Acker. They have three- 
 children. 
 
 * 
 
 James T. Orr. 
 
 James T. Orr manufacturer and dealer la 
 saddlery, harness, etc., is u native of Ireland, 
 where he was born in 1835, and is of Scotch- 
 His parents, James T. and 
 Catherine Orr, came to 
 America in 1837, and 
 settled at North Ver- 
 non, Indiana, whence in 
 1843, they came to Vm- 
 cenues. In 1852, at the- 
 age of 17 years, he be- 
 came an apprentice to- 
 the saddler's trade in 
 Louisville Kentucky. At 
 the end of three years 
 he returned to Vin- 
 cennes and embarked in 
 
 business for himself and has continued in the 
 business here since that date, building up a 
 large and profitable trade. In politics Mr. Orr 
 has always been a Democrat aod in religion a 
 Catholic. He was at one time president of the- 
 Vincennes Draw Bridge Company, which con- 
 structed the wagon bridge over the Wabash at 
 this place and operated it for a number of years 
 as a toll bridge, and has been prominent in 
 other public enterprises of magnitude. In 1885 
 Mr .Orr was elected county commissioner and 
 served acceptably for six years. Also served 
 seven years as councilman from the third (now) 
 first ward. He is one of the oldest business 
 men in the city in point of time actually in the 
 harness, and has always been recognized as a 
 man of the strictest integrity and honesty. 
 
 Mr. Orr was married in 1872 to Miss Mary, 
 daiighter of Thomas P. Beckes. They have 
 four sons and one daughter. 
 
 * 
 
 F. A. Thuis Estate. 
 
 The business of the F. A. Thuis estate, deal- 
 ers in harness and saddlery, was established 
 by Francis A. Thuis, now deceased, in 1882, on 
 First, between Main and Busseron Streets, and 
 was removed to 111 Main in 1887. Mr. Thuis 
 had built, up a fine business and was in pros- 
 perous circumstances when death overtook him 
 in 1898. Mr. Louis Thuis, the eldest son, who- 

 
 110 
 
 was attending medical college at the time of his 
 father's death, immediately left school to take 
 charge of the business for the benefit of the 
 estate and has sinte conducted it most suc- 
 cessfully. Francis A. Thuis, the founder of this 
 business, was born in Diedam, Holland, in 
 Mareh, 1837, and came to this country with a 
 brother when seventeen years of age, in 185i. 
 Landing at New York, he went thence to Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, where he remained some three or 
 four years and then came to Vincennes. On the 
 breaking out of the War of the Rebellion he 
 promptly enlisted in the Twenty-fourth Indiana 
 Infantry as a musician and subsequently as a 
 private in the Ninety-first Indiana, gallantly 
 serving his adopted country till the close of the 
 war. 
 
 Mr. Thuis was married to Miss Mary J. Page, 
 of Yineeniies in 1866, and to the union were 
 born five sons, Louis E., Francis Eugene, 
 Charles A.. Joseph G., now deceased, and Silas 
 Leo, and two daughters, Johana E. and M. 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Garrett R. Recker. 
 
 Garret R. Recker, 
 successor to Convery 
 & Recker, conducts 
 a general foundry 
 and machine shop at 
 Eighth and Hick- 
 man Streets, has one 
 of the most complete 
 plants in the state, 
 conveniently arrang- 
 ed and supplied with 
 modern machines of 
 every kind demand- 
 ed by his trade. His 
 shops employ from 
 14 to 20 men and do 
 everything in the 
 line comprehended 
 in a general foun- 
 der and m a c h i n- 
 ists' business. Mr. 
 Recker is not only a 
 thorough master-ma- 
 chinist but a very 
 careful superintend- 
 
 thus that a tine business was built up by the 
 firm of Convery & Recker, to which Mr. Recker 
 succeeded on the death of Mr. Convery in Janu- 
 ary, 1902. 
 
 Garret R. Recker was born in Vincennes 
 March 2, 1865, and was educated in the city 
 schools. At the age of 15, in 1880, he entered 
 the machine shop of Clark & Buck to learn 
 the trade of machinist and continued in their 
 employ until the year 1893, thirteen years. In 
 that year he and August Convery, also an em- 
 ploye of Clark & Buck for many years, formed 
 a partnership and established a small shop 
 near the corner of Eighth and Hickman. The 
 business grew from year to year until they 
 were finally, in 1900, compelled to erect the 
 large brick building now occupied, and a cut 
 of which appears herewith. 
 
 Mr. Recker was married February 7, 1888, to 
 Miss Mary E. Ritman, of Newton, 111. They 
 have four sons and two daughters. 
 
 4* 
 John B. Page. 
 
 J. B. Page was born in Vincennes, June 13, 
 1847. He became an apprentice to the harness 
 and saddlery trade with the firm of Page & Orr 
 
 
 GARRETT R. RECKER'S MACHINE SHOP AND FOUNDRY 
 
 ent and permits no work to go out of his shop about 1862, completing his apprenticeship in 
 that is not fully up to the requirements. It was 18(56. He then entered the employ of Page &
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 111 
 
 Orr as a journeyman and Continued with them 
 until the dissolution of the firm in 1873, after 
 Avhieh he was employed by his father until 
 1882, when he became proprietor of the busi- 
 
 ness by purchase. Mr. Page's large experience 
 in the business makes him a thoroughly com- 
 petent man in every department. He has his 
 full share of the trade and we do not hesitate 
 to say that all who trade with him get full 
 value for their money. Mr. J. N. Page, son of 
 our subject, is with him and has been for five 
 years and is a thorough master of the trade. 
 He operates a Landis harness sewing machine 
 
 which Mr. Page has recently added to his equip- 
 ment and which does work equal and even su- 
 perior to hand work. This work, as all of Mr. 
 1 'age's work, is fully guaranteed. He invites 
 all who are interested to call and inspect this 
 new harness machine and will gladly show 
 them how it works. Mr. Page appreciates the 
 patronage of his friends, is at all times genial 
 and pleasant and glad to receive callers 
 whether purchasers or not. When absent his 
 son will be found abundantly able to represent 
 him whether in the salesroom or otherwise. 
 
 Mr. Page was married. April 23, 1873, to Miss 
 Mary L. Brouilette, of Vincennes, and has two 
 i-hildren. Mrs. W. A. Courter and J. N. Page, 
 both of the city. Two children died in infancy. 
 
 Broadway Mills. 
 
 The Broadway Mills, owned and operated by 
 Christian Hoffman 1 , have r ( capacity of 350 bar- 
 rels first grade flour per day, which is sold 
 throughout the country. They employ steadily 
 from eight to ten men. 
 
 Atlas Mills. 
 
 J. & S. Emison. proprietors. Established 
 1880. Large dealers in grain. In 1901 this 
 firm handled between 400.000 and 500.000 bush- 
 els of wheat. 
 
 Vincennes Elevator. 
 
 The Vincennes Elevator Co., south-east cor- 
 ner First and Broadway, was organized in 
 1898. Does a general grain and elevator busi- 
 ness, owning the steamer Vincennes and 
 barges. Samuel A. Jordan. A. G. Jordan. A. 
 M. Jordan. 
 
 Enterprise Stove Company. 
 
 The Enterprise Stove Company was organized 
 in 1888. It is an incorporated company of ample 
 capital. . The officers are: Presi- 
 dent. Edward Watson, vice pres- 
 ident. Eugene Hack: secretary 
 and treasurer, George Thomp- 
 son. Their product is stoves, 
 heating and cooking, gas stoves, 
 ranges and steel ranges. The 
 factory is located at the corner 
 of Eleventh and Nicholas 
 streets and employs about sev- 
 enty-five men. including five 
 traveling salesmen. The com- 
 pany enjoys a large trade, cover- 
 ing Indiana. Illinois. Western 
 Ohio and Eastern Kansas.
 
 112 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 INTERSTATE DISTILLERY Chestnut Between Lyndale and Reel 
 
 that of the Continental Filter Company, of New 
 York, called the subsiding and gravity system. 
 The capacity is over 2,000,000 gallons daily, 
 
 VINCENNES WATER SUPPLY CO. 
 
 The Vincennes Wafer Supply Company was 
 formed in 1886, the name at that time being 
 Bullock & Mer- 
 cer, No. 11 Wall 
 street, New York. 
 About 1890 the 
 property passed 
 into hands of 
 Walter Wood, 400 
 Chestniut street, 
 Phil a d e 1 p h i a . 
 There is, how- 
 ever a consider- 
 able amount of 
 the stock held in 
 the city. These 
 works are on the 
 standpipe system, 
 also having direct 
 pressure. T'he 
 stand-pipe is one 
 of the highest in 
 the United States, 
 being 200 feet 
 high. It is 22 
 feet in diameter 
 and has a capaci- 
 ty of 575,000 gal- 
 lons. There are 
 in use three com- 
 pound condensing 
 pumps, two high 
 pressure duty, pumps each of 2,000,000 gallons 
 capacity, and one low pressure service pump of 
 3,000,000 gallons capacity. The filter system is 
 
 there being six subsiding tanks of 35,000 gal- 
 lons each. The consumption of the city has run 
 500,000 to 1,700,000 gallons daily.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 113 
 
 PLANT OF ViNCENNES NOVELTY MANUFACTURING CO. 
 Sam Lyons, Pres.; Chas. Bierhaus, Vice Pres.; John Hartigan, Treasurer. Man- 
 ufacturers of Jewelry and Novelties. Employ 125 people. 
 
 DRY GOODS, CLOTHING, ETC. 
 H. Brokhage & Sons. 
 
 The firm of H. Brokhage & Sons, dealers in 
 dry goods, clothing, gents' furnishings, car- 
 pets, c, is composed of Herman Brokhage and 
 his two sons, John T. and Louis A. 
 
 Herman Brokhage, the founder of the busi- 
 ness, senior member of the firm, was born in 
 Essen. Grand Duchy of Oldenberg, Germany, 
 August 2, 1845. Emigrated to this country, 
 coming direct to Vincennes, in 1866, when 
 twenty-one years of age. His first employ- 
 ment here was with Theodore Huslag, an 
 uncle, who had long been established in busi- 
 ness here, in one of the buildings now occu- 
 pied by the firm of H. Brokhage & Sons. He 
 later entered the employ of J .B. La Plante & 
 Brother, with whom he remained thirteen 
 years. After this he again became a sales- 
 man for Mr. Huslag, with whom he remained 
 until the death of the latter in 1889, when) he 
 bought the stock and has continued the busi- 
 ness to the present time having admitted his 
 sons into partnership with him in 3900. 
 
 Brokhage & Sons is one of the enterprising 
 and progressive firms of Southern Indiana. 
 Without bluster or braggadocio this firm has 
 gone steadily forward, enlarging and developing 
 
 a business that has reached mammoth propor- 
 tions. Its stock now occupies two large build- 
 
 ings three stories high. They have a com- 
 modious passenger elevator and other modern 
 appliances that betray the enterprising spirit
 
 114 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 that animates them, and it is pleasing to note 
 that the growth of their trade keeps pace with 
 the enlarged investments and improvements. 
 
 Herman Brokhage was married in 1875 to 
 Miss Clara D elf man, of Vincennes. They 
 have two sons, those named as members of 
 the firm. 
 
 Gimble, Haughton & Bond. 
 
 The firm of Gimble, Haughton & Bond is 
 composed of Chas. L. Haughton, Frank M. 
 Bond and Jacob Gimbel. The firm was or- 
 gandzed in December, 1899, buying the dry 
 goods department of I. Joseph & Sons, occupy- 
 ing numbers 202-4 Main Street. 
 
 Charles L. Haughton was born at Niagara, 
 New York, and came West in 1867, spending 
 some three or four years in various parts of 
 Minnesota, Iowa and the South-west. In the 
 winter of 1872 and 1873, he came to Oaktown, 
 Knox County, and was for a year or so em- 
 ployed by a brother who was in business there. 
 Embarked in business for himself at Oaktown 
 in 1874, forming a partnership with Elias De 
 Lashmutt, under the firm name of Haughton 
 & De Lashmutt, doing a business in> general 
 merchandise. In 1876 Mr. Haughton bought 
 his partner's interest and continued to conduct 
 the business till December, 1899, when he sold 
 it and came to Vindennes, forming the partner- 
 ship first above named. 
 
 Mr. Haughton took in marriage Miss 
 Emma C. Pugh, daughter of Dr. J. W. Pugh, of 
 Oaktown. They have four children. Two 
 daughters, Daisy H. and Mary S., now students 
 at De Pauw University, and two younger chil- 
 dren at home. 
 
 Frank M. Bond, was born and reared in Oak- 
 town, Ind., and was for a number of years in 
 the employ of Mr. Haughton at that place. He 
 was subsequently for ten years connected with 
 the First National Bank of this city, as teller, 
 resigning that position January 1, 1900, to en- 
 gage actively in the present business. 
 
 Jacob Gimbel was born and reared in the 
 City of Vincennes and after leaving college 
 conducted a business for his mother prior to 
 the formation of the firm of which he is at 
 present a member. 
 
 The enterprise, eruergy and progressive busi- 
 ness methods which luve characterized the 
 "Busy Corner" since th^ advent of this firm, 
 have resulted in a business of which they may 
 well be proud. 
 
 J. C. Cohen. 
 
 Julius C. Cohen was 
 born in the City Neu- 
 emburg, Prussia, Aug. 
 3, 1848, and came to 
 A.inerica in 1864 and to 
 Vincennes in 1877. His 
 first employment here 
 was as salesman for I. 
 E. Libshutz and subse- 
 quently for other firms 
 in the city. In 1885 
 Mr. Cohen rmbarked in 
 business for himself at 
 No. 106 Main Street. 
 His business was at- 
 tended with marked 
 success frono the start 
 and in> 1891 Mr. Cohen 
 bought and occupied 
 the beautiful and commodious three-story 
 building at No. 312 Main, now occupied by 
 him, a cut of which appears elsewhere, one of 
 fhe best in the city. By close attention to the 
 wants of his patrons and judicious manage- 
 ment, he has built up and holds an enviable 
 custom in clothing and gents' furnishings. Mr. 
 Cohen was married Dec. 18, 1871, to Miss El- 
 len Keenan, of Louisville. 
 
 T. F. FRANKE. 
 
 Theodore F. Franke, 
 merchant tailor, was 
 born at Covmgton, Ky., 
 and received his educa- 
 tion in the schools of 
 Cincinnati. In 1887 he 
 went to New York 
 City, where he learned 
 the c u 1 1 e r's trade, 
 which he afterwards 
 followed for a time in 
 Cincinnati. Coming to 
 V'ncennes February 1, 
 1891, he entered the employ of B. Kuhn & Co., 
 and remained with them until in July, 1901, he 
 bought the merchant tailoring business they 
 had theretofore conducted. He continued to 
 conduct it at the old location until at the first 
 of December, 1801, he bought the business 
 which had been established by John A. Kapps, 
 at 303% Main Street, where he is now driving 
 a thriving trade. Mr. Franke is a young man 
 of steady and industrous habits and gives close
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 115 
 
 attention to the wants of his customers. As a 
 cutter and fitter he has no superior and finds 
 no difficulty in retaining the patronage of a 
 customer once gained. No one e\er said he 
 did not get good value for his money when he 
 dealt with T. F. Franke. 
 
 GENERAL MERCHANDISE. 
 S. Risch. 
 
 Sebastian Risch was 
 born in Bernolsheim, 
 Canton Brumath, Al- 
 sace, Sept 7, 1834. Im- 
 migrated to this coun- 
 trj in 1854, landing at 
 New Orleans in March 
 of that year. Shortly 
 after landing he came 
 to Evansville, where 
 he remained about nine 
 months, returning to 
 New Orleans in Decem- 
 ber of the same year. Here he re- 
 mained four mouths, coming to Vincennes 
 in the spring of 1855. He worked for a short 
 time on a farm and then engaged in making 
 shingles for some months, following this work 
 with a further engagement on a farm for some 
 fifteen months in the years 1855-6. In January, 
 1857, he took a position with L. D. Smith, gro- 
 cer. After fifteen months, in 1858, he entered 
 the geenral store of Roseman & Stewart, with 
 whom and their successc; 1 , J. H. Rabb, he re- 
 mained until 1867, when he removed to a farm 
 near Vincennes. Failing health, due to a bod- 
 ily injury, compelled him to give up this work 
 after fifteen months and he returned to Vin- 
 cennes in 1868. He was then for four years 
 toll-keeper at the wagon bridge over the Wa- 
 bash. In August, 1873, he opened a boarding 
 house at Eleventh and Main. This business 
 was successful and a few years later, in 1877, 
 Mr. Risch embarked in n general merchandise 
 business at No. 112 Main Street. In Novem- 
 ber of the same year he bought the store of 
 Joseph Laugel at the corner of Tenth and 
 Main, which he has since conducted most suc- 
 cessfully. Mr. Rlsch's genial and pleasant 
 manner has made him a host of friends, while 
 a ready accommodation of his customers and 
 substantial Inducements to trade have built up 
 and retained a very large custom. Mr. Risch 
 
 was married May 13, 1862, to Miss Mary Heller, 
 of Vincennes, with whose companionship lie 
 has been blessed to the present t'.me. They 
 have eight children, three sons, John A., An- 
 thony M. and Joseph, being in business for 
 themselves in the city. Two others, Henry and 
 Lawrence, are in the store with Mr. Risch at 
 this time. 
 
 John A. Risch. 
 
 John A. Risch was 
 born and reared in Vin- 
 cennes. He is a son of 
 the veteran merchant, 
 Mr. S. Risch, of Tenth 
 and Main Streets. He 
 received his education 
 in the schools of the 
 city and entered the 
 store of his father as a 
 salesman, remaining in 
 tnat position for fifteen 
 years. In 1892 Mr. 
 
 Risch embarked in business for himself at Sec- 
 ond and Tecumseh Streets, where he is still to 
 be found. He carries a general stock of mer- 
 chandise, including groceries, dry goods, shoes 
 and country produce, and has a large and 
 growing trade. Mr. Risch's close attention to 
 business and his methodical business habits, 
 coupled with a genial and pleasant manner 
 have enabled him to build up a most profitable 
 trade. Notwithstanding the fact that in 1895 
 he suffered a heavy loss from fire, which de- 
 stroyed his warehouses and a part of his store 
 building, he now owns the handsome and com- 
 modious building in which he is located with a 
 valuable lot adjoining, and carries one of the 
 most complete general stocks in the city. Mr. 
 Risdh's high standing with his fellow mer- 
 chants is evidenced by the fact that he was 
 honored with the presidency of the Association 
 of Retail Merchants on its organization in the 
 summer and fall of 1901. He was made tem- 
 porary chairman at the first meeting and on 
 completion of the organization became its first 
 president for one year. 
 
 John A. Louis. 
 
 John A. Louis was born in the province of 
 Hanover, Germany, on the 25th day of October, 
 1837. He came to this country with his 
 mother at the age of sixteen year!?. He re- 
 mained in New York three years and spent two
 
 116 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 years in Cincinnati, coming to Virucennes in 
 1859. Mr. Louis embarked in grocery business 
 here October G, 1859, and enjoys the distinc- 
 tion of being the only grocer of that date who 
 has been continuously in business ins the city to 
 the present time. His first location was at 
 Eleventh and Main. In 1862 he removed to 
 the south corner of Fourth and Main, wihere he 
 continued twenty-one years, removing to his 
 present location, 1217 N. Second Street, in 1883. 
 He carries a geenral stock of groceries and dry 
 goods, and does a steady thriving business. 
 Mr. Louis is a public-spirited citizen and ready 
 to lend a hand to whatever tends to help the 
 city forward. He is vice president of the Vint- 
 cennes Mutual Fire Insurance Co. 
 
 Mr. Louis was married in 1860 to Miss Cath- 
 erine Sachs. They have six children living and 
 live dead. 
 
 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCERIES. 
 Bierhaus Brothers. 
 
 The wholesale grocery house of Bierhaus 
 Brothers was established in 1890 by William 
 C. and Edward Bierhaus, sons of Edward Bier- 
 haus, senior, of E. Bierhaus & Sons. It com- 
 menced business in the building at the south 
 cornier of Second and Bioadway, now occupied 
 by the Koh-I-Noor Laundry. In the fall of 
 1891 the business was removed to Nos. 207-9 
 North Second street. In the course of the next 
 two years its growth wa.ti such that it became 
 necessary to add to their capacity and No. 211 
 was occupied and a year later 213-15 were in- 
 cluded. Continuing to prosper, they decided 
 to erect the mammoth building now occupied 
 at the corner of Second and Perry streets, a' 
 handsome brick structuie eighty by two hun- 
 dred feet with five stories and basement, pro- 
 vided with railroad switch, elevators and every 
 modern convenience for handling their immense 
 traffic with ease and dispatch. Ground was 
 broken for this building in the fall of 1900, 
 and it was completed aoout a year later. 
 
 Mr. John W. Crook was admitted to member- 
 ship in the firm November 1, 1890, and Edward 
 Bierhaus withdrew in M^y, 1897, to enter the 
 retail trade in the city. 
 
 The trade of Bierhaus Brothers extends to 
 the southward a .distance of 150 miles and 
 over a large radius in every direction from 
 Vincennes. They employ six traveling men 
 and have an office force of fifteen. 
 
 W. C. Bierhaus, the senior member, was bora 
 and educated in Vincennes and was for a num- 
 ber of ytars employed i;i the wholesale house 
 of E. Bierhaus & Sons. He was married in 
 January, 1888, to Miss ix>ttie Watkins, of Mt 
 Carmel. They have two children living and 
 have lost one by death. 
 
 John W. Crook was bora at Dover Hill, Ind., 
 May 9, 1865. He attended the public schools, 
 but the loss of both parents compelled him 
 to leave school at the a.c of fifteen years and 
 make his own livelihood. His first employ- 
 ment in the way of business was at Russell- 
 ville, 111., where he was engaged with T. J. 
 Ford and J. A. Leonard & Co. He came to 
 Vincennes July 17, 1882, and became book- 
 keeper for J. E. Sullivan, remaining with him 
 until the following February, when he became 
 bill clerk for E. Bierhaus & Sons. In July, 
 1883, he became a trav? ing salesman for this 
 firm and continued in that position until No- 
 vember 1, 1890, when h<; bought an interest in 
 the firm of Bierhaus Brothers, and has since 
 traveled for his own house, making a total 
 of nineteen consecutive jears in that capacity. 
 He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. He is also a nrember of the Masonic, 
 K. of P., T. P. A. and Li. C. T. fraternities. 
 
 Mr. Crook was married May 9, 1888, to Miss 
 Effie Broyles, of Russeilville They have one 
 daughter, Hazel Gretchea, and one son, Harry 
 Francis, twelve and ten years of age respec- 
 tively. 
 
 E. Bierhaus & Sons. 
 
 The firm of E. Bierhaus & Sons, grocers and 
 packers, is one of the old and solid concerns of 
 Vincenmes. 
 
 Edward Bierhaus, Sr., the founder, was born 
 at Elberfield, Rhein, Prussia, Aug. 4, 1832. 
 Came to this country, direct to Vincennes, with 
 his parents, in 1849, at the age of 17 years. 
 His first employment was at the old American 
 Hotel on the site of the La Plante House, cor- 
 ner First and Main Streets. In 1853 he em- 
 barked in a general merchandise business at 
 Freelandville, with a capital of $200. In 1865 
 returned to Vincennes and engaged in pork- 
 packing, conducting in connection therewith a 
 retail grocery store. In 1878 he bought the 
 wholesale grocery of Gimbel Brothers and ad- 
 mitted a son to partnership unlder the firm 
 name and style of E. Bierhaus & Son, the 
 junior partner being Chas. Bierhaus. Later
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 117
 
 118 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Fred Bierhaus was admitted and subsequently 
 John Bierhaus became interested. The firm 
 is now composed of Charles and John Bier- 
 haus. 
 
 The present handsome and commodious 
 building at the east 
 corner of Fourth 
 and Main Streets 
 was erected in 1886. 
 A cut of the build- 
 ing will be found 
 herewith. 
 
 Charles Bierhaus, 
 senior member of 
 the firm of E. Bler- 
 (haus & Sons, was 
 born in Freeland- 
 ville, Ind., Feb. 13, 
 1855, and was edu- 
 cated in the schools 
 of Vincennes. After 
 leaving school, at 
 the age of sixteen 
 years, he entered his 
 father's store and 
 has been intimately 
 connected with the 
 business ever since. 
 He was for three 
 years traveling 
 salesman, beginning 
 when seventeen 
 years of age. Be- 
 sides this business, 
 Mr. Bierhaus has 
 large interests in 
 
 tered the store of his father and has been 
 actively connected with the business since. He 
 was for eight years bookkeeper and was on 
 the road as salesman one year. Mr. Bierhaus 
 was married Nov. 22, 1888, to Miss Anna Gib- 
 
 various other Impor- 
 tant concerns of the 
 city, being a director of the First National 
 Bank, president of the Vincennes Electric Light 
 and Power Co., and the Vincennes Mutual Fire 
 Insurance Co., director of the Wabash Mutual 
 Insurance Co., The Vincennes Novelty Works, 
 the Vincennes Board of Trade and other prom- 
 inent local institutions. 
 
 Mr. Bierhaus wan married Sept. 27, 1878, to 
 Miss Helen Busse, of the city. They have 
 two daughters. 
 
 John Bierhaus, junior member of the firm of 
 E. Bierhaus & Sons, was born in Freelands- 
 ville, Ind , Dec. 3J, 1865, and received his edu- 
 cation in the schools of Vincennes from the 
 High School of which he was graduated in 
 1882. Immediately after leaving sc tool he ent- 
 
 E. BIERHAUS & SONS Wholesale Grocers and Packers Fourth and Main 
 
 son, of Vincennes. 
 three daughters. 
 
 They have two sons and 
 
 RETAIL GROCERIES. 
 Bratton-Racey Grocery Co. 
 
 The Bratton-Racey Grocery Company was 
 established September 19, 1901. The members 
 are J. Frank Bratton, William S. Racey and 
 Thomas F. Palfrey. The company purchased 
 the stock of James Hedden, deceased, and 
 continued the business at his old stand In the 
 Bishop block, at the west earner of Fifth and 
 Main streets. Messrs. Bratton and Racey were 
 both largely experienced in the business, the
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 119 
 
 former having been for fourteen years and the 
 latter for seven years with Watts Bond, a large 
 general merchant at Oak town. Mr. Racey was 
 subsequently for five years in partnership with 
 
 James Hedden, under the firm name of Racey 
 & Hedden, in a grocery business at this same 
 location. Immediately 1-ofoie the formation of 
 this company, Mr. Brat*on was for eighteen 
 months in the grocery butiness at No. 423 Main 
 street, as a member of ihe firm of Bratton & 
 Bouvy, and the stock carried by this firm was 
 combined with the Hedden stock. The Brat- 
 ton-Racey Company carries an immense stock 
 embracing everything that belongs to this line 
 of business and have a trade excelled by few 
 retail grocery stores in the State. 
 
 J, Fran 1 !* Bratton, of tne Bratton-Racey Gro- 
 cery Company, was born in Xenia, Ohio, No- 
 vember 3. 1867. He catne to Oaktown, Ind., in 
 1886, and immediately entered the general store 
 of Watts Bond as a salesman, remaining there 
 for fourteen years until M<.rch, 1900, when he 
 embarked in business in Vincennes as a mem- 
 ber of the firm of BraUon & Bouvy. In 1888 
 Mr. Bratton was united in marriage with Miss 
 Leelah H. Wortman, of O&'rtown. They have 
 three children. 
 
 (For biographies of Mersrs. Racey and Pal- 
 frey see Racey-Palfrey Shoe Company.) 
 
 W. F. Recker. 
 
 William F. Recker 
 was born in Vincennes 
 S-jptember 16, 1862. He 
 was educated in the 
 schools of the city. His 
 first employment after 
 leaving school was as 
 salesman in the store of 
 Ernest Baker, at Sev- 
 enth and Main streets, 
 in whose employ he re- 
 mained for more than 
 tui years. He then, 
 October 1, 1889, embarked in business for him- 
 self at the south corner Fourth and Main 
 streets, where he has continued to the present 
 time. Uniformly courteous and obliging to his 
 custom, he has built up a strong and profitable 
 trade. Mr. Recker was married in 1891 to Miss 
 Emma Hickman, of the city. They have one 
 son and one daughter. 
 
 Jacob W. Casseil. 
 
 Jacob W. Casseil was 
 born on a farm near 
 Alexandria, Madison 
 county, Ind., December 
 2o, 1840. Attended the 
 public schools and later 
 tlie Northwestern Uni- 
 versity, of Indianapolis. 
 Subsequently took the 
 full course of the Iron 
 City Commercial Col- 
 lege of Pittsburg, Pa. 
 Ir the fall of 1865, Mr. 
 Cassell's father bought a firm three miles be- 
 low Vincennes, now known as the Henderson 
 farm. This farm our subject conducted 
 till the fall of 1874, when he came to the City 
 and established a grocery business at No. 213 
 Main. In 1879. Mr. Cassell's business had 
 grown to large dimensions and he bought and 
 removed to his present location, No. 123-5 Main 
 street where he has since been continuously. 
 Mr. Cassell's business devloned rapidly and he 
 has for many years done a wholesale and retail 
 business in produce, groceries, etc. Prior to 
 Cleveland's second administration he did a 
 business as high as $7o,000 per annum. Mr. 
 Casseil had always been a Democrat in politics 
 until the second administration of President 
 Cleveland. Even then party ties were so strong
 
 120 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 that in 1890 he voted for Bryan. In 1900, how- 
 ever, he burned his bridges behind him and 
 supported McKinley. For ten years Mr. Cassell 
 sewed as appraiser ot lands for the school 
 fund. He owns thirteen hundred acres of land 
 in Lawrence county, Illinois, adjacent to the 
 town of Billet, which place he platted and dedi- 
 cated. 
 
 Mr. Cassell was in 1874 married to Miss Alice 
 J. Turner, of Clay county, Kansas. They have 
 five children. , 
 
 Christian W. Schultz. 
 
 Christian W. Schultz 
 was born in Prussia, 
 May 18, 1850, coming to 
 this country with his 
 parents when eight 
 vears of age. They 
 came direct to Free- 
 laiudville, where he at- 
 tended the parochial 
 .-chools one year. In 
 1803 when thirteen 
 years of age, he entered 
 the employ of Peter 
 Pomil, a merchant of Vincennes, with whom 
 he remained eighteen years, until 1881, when 
 he embarked in business for himself on Sec- 
 ond and Shelby street. Here he continued for 
 two years, when in 1883, his business having 
 prospered he bought the lot at north corner of 
 Second and Shelby and erected a substantial 
 brick store and dwelling in which he has since 
 conducted a thriving Dusmess. Mr. Schultz 
 was im 1871, married to Miss Sophia Laue, of 
 Vincennes. They have two children living. 
 
 J. Herman Twietmeyer. 
 
 J. Herman Twietmey- 
 was born in St. Louis 
 December 20, 1873, and 
 removed with his par- 
 ents to this city in 1883. 
 He was educated in the 
 schools of Vincennes 
 and immediately after 
 leaving school, entered 
 the store of his father, 
 Mr. Frederick Twiet- 
 meyer, with whom he 
 remained for a period 
 
 of t\velve years, till August 18, 1901, when he 
 established his present grocery business at the 
 east corner of Seventh and Seminary streets. 
 
 His long experience witi his father, who is one 
 of the i.iost thorough business men of the city, 
 has equipped our subject w:'th a knowledge of 
 the business in wbich lie is engaged and with 
 the demands of his trade which insures him 
 a successful career, an earnest of which already 
 appears in the handsome beginning he has 
 made. 
 
 Mr. Twietmeyer was married in 1897 to Miss 
 Emma Weigelt, of the city. 
 
 M. Halter. 
 
 Michael Halter was 
 born in Vincennes Feb- 
 ruary 28, 1862. He was 
 educated in the schools 
 of the city. His first 
 employment was in the 
 wholesale grocery store 
 of L. B. Smith, where 
 he was engaged when 22 
 years of age and where, 
 being of a steady and 
 industrious turn, he re- 
 mained fourteen years. 
 
 He then in 1898 enterea the employ of Frank 
 Krack. in a new groceiy store established at 
 the corner of Tenth and DuBois streets. He 
 continued in Mr. Krack's employ till in March, 
 1898, when he bought the business and has 
 since continued to conduct it at the same place, 
 where he carries a large and complete stock 
 and enjoys a good, healthy trade in groceries, 
 notions, etc. Mr. Halter is a thorough business 
 man and close attention to business, coupled 
 with fair dealing, has given 'him a strong hold 
 on his trade. 
 
 Mr. Halter was married in 1890 to Miss The- 
 resa Bohnert. They have one son. 
 
 Lawrence S. Bey. 
 
 Lawrence S. Bey was 
 born in Viocennes, Au- 
 gust 10. 1872. He was 
 educated in the Catho- 
 lic schools of the city 
 and after leaving school 
 was first employed 
 when about fifteen 
 years of age, in the 
 woolen mills of Fyfield 
 & Lee. Two years la- 
 ter he entered the 
 employ of Jacob W. 
 Cassell, wholesale and rei . i grocer, with v hoin
 
 VIXCEXXES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 121 
 
 he remained two and a half years. Following 
 this he was with Bey Brothers, Seventh and 
 Main street, for nine years- In 1898 he em- 
 barked in grocery business at Seventh and Hart 
 streets, which he continues to conduct. Law- 
 rence Bey carries one of the most complete lines 
 in the city, which is always kept in first-class 
 shape. Catering to the best class of trade he 
 has built up an excellent custom which he holds 
 by an ever anxious solicitude to meet its wants. 
 Mr. Bey was married. September 29. 1896, to 
 Miss Mary Fritsch. of the city. They have one 
 son. 
 
 tmf 
 
 CONFECTIONERS. 
 
 William W. Cassell. 
 
 William W. Cassell. confectioner and caterer, 
 ,No. 300 Main, was born in Jacksonville, 111., 
 March 16, 1860. Was elucated in the schools 
 of that city and learned the trade of candy 
 maker, which he followed for some years there. 
 There he was married in 1884 to Miss Wilhelmi- 
 na Knollenberg of Jacksonville. They have one 
 son living. 
 
 Mr. Cassell came to Vmcenmes in 1891 and 
 soon afterward .formed a partnership with J. J. 
 Dawson, under the firm name of Dawson & 
 Cassell, and they embarked with small capital 
 in the ice cream and confectionery business. 
 The business was successful trom the start, and 
 grew rapidly in proportions. At the end of one 
 year Mr. Gassell bought the interest of his part- 
 ner and has since condiu ted the business with 
 profit and credit to himself, seeing it grow year 
 by year from a small retiiil business to a whole- 
 sale one of large dimensions, especially in the 
 departments of ice cream and candies of his 
 own manufacture. Being of a studious and ex- 
 perimental turn Mr. Cassell makes many con- 
 fections of his own compounding that have 
 grown into great favor. To the end that his 
 goods may at all times be pure and wholesome 
 he makes not only his candies but also the 
 extracts, flavorings, sirups and colors that enter 
 into them. Long since the demands of his 
 trade required the installation of a power plant, 
 to which he has been compelled to add from 
 time to time as requirements of the business 
 dictated, until it is now most complete. His 
 wholesale trade extends over a radius of 75 
 miles or more and his chief consideration, has 
 not been its extension but rather its detention 
 within the bounds of his capacity, his chief 
 
 desire being to cater to the local trade. 
 
 An idea of the extent of his trade may be 
 drawn from the fact that his consumption of 
 ice during the summer season reaches from 
 3.(oo to r-.OOO pounds daily. 
 
 Rumor & Son. 
 
 The business of Rumer & Son, candies, con- 
 fectionaries, cigars, ice cream, etc., 220 Main 
 street, was established 
 in 1893, on a capital of 
 $185, of which $100 
 was borrowed. It has 
 grown and flourished 
 from the first and now 
 has reached propor- 
 tions which rank it 
 among the prominent 
 ousinesses on Main 
 street. With a stock 
 and fixtures averaging 
 from $3,000 to $4,000 
 
 and a weekly business of from $200 to $600, 
 the Messrs. Rumer have no cause to complain 
 that prosperity has not come their way. This 
 is one of the Vincennes houses that discounts 
 its bills. 
 
 Samuel Rumer was born in Vincennes Octo- 
 ber 18, 1851, and was educated in the city 
 schools, being graduated from the High 
 School. While yet a school boy he was em- 
 ployed in the Fyfield & Erushaw woolen mills 
 in vacation time. After leaving school he 
 learned telegraphy, which he followed at va- 
 rious points for nine years. He was also for 
 several years in the employ of Mass & Watson 
 in the Union Depot Cafe. He was afterward 
 deputy sheriff for a period tf seven years. He 
 was elected a member of the city counicil but 
 resigned at the end of thirteen months to be- 
 come marshal, filling an unexpired term. About 
 the year 1890 Mr. Rumer removed to Florida, 
 but not liking the country remained only a 
 short time. Returning to Vincennes he be- 
 came proprietor of the livery stable at the cor- 
 ner of Seventh and Fairground avenue. Dis- 
 posing of this. he. in 1893, embarked jn his 
 present business. He was subsequently on the 
 police force, first as patrolman and afterwards 
 as sergeant, but the demands of his business 
 compelled his resignation. 
 
 Mr. Rumer was married October 16. 1872, to 
 Miss Sarah C. Shouse. of Harrison township, 
 Knox coun-ty. They have seven children, of
 
 122 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 whom Harry, the eldest, is junior member of 
 the firm of Rumer & Son. 
 
 Hairy Rumer, junior member of the firm 
 of Rumer & Son, was born in Vineennes Jan- 
 uary 15, 1874, and attended, the city schools. 
 His first employment after leaving school was 
 with C. C. Jones, traveling passenger agent 
 of the O. & M. railway for one year. He was 
 then eighteen months in tine office of the O. & 
 M. railway, the last six months at Washington, 
 Ind. Subsequently he worked four years for 
 the Hartman Manufacturing Company, and 
 two years at Kixmiller's brickyard. After this 
 and up to the date of the establishment of the 
 present business he was employed in the con- 
 fectionery and fruit store of W. A. Miller. 
 
 Mr. Rumer was married April 20, 1897, to 
 Miss Mary, daughter of John Heller, of Vin- 
 cennes. They have two sous. 
 
 * 
 
 LUMBER. 
 Edward F. Tindolph. 
 
 Edward F. Tindolph was bora at Olney, 111., 
 September 29, 1871. In 1871 his parents re- 
 moved to Vincennes. 
 After leaving the public 
 schools he entered the 
 Vincennes University, 
 from which he was 
 graduated in 1891. He 
 immediately became 
 secretary and superin- 
 tendent of the Citizens' 
 Electric Railway, a po- 
 sition which he held for 
 six years, until after 
 
 the death of his father, Allen Tindolph, in 1894. 
 In 1896 his interests in the Vincennes road were 
 sold, when he accepted a similar position with 
 the Springfield Railway Company, of Spring- 
 field, Ohio. A year later Mr. Tindolph bought 
 an interest in the Virginia Hotel, at Indianapo- 
 lis. After two years he sold his interests in 
 Indianapolis and -became manager of Hotel 
 Emory, at Cincinnati, Ohio. This position Mr. 
 Tindolph resigned to return to his old home in 
 1900. In January, 1901, he established his pres- 
 ent flourishing lumber business at the corner 
 of St. Clair street and B. & O. S.-W. railroad. 
 He has always been a Republican in politics 
 and an earnest party worker. In recognition 
 
 of his services to the party as well as his high 
 standing as a man and citizen, he was, Jan- 
 uary 11, 1902, appointed by Governor Durbin 
 a member of the Metropolitan Police Board of 
 the city, for a term of three years. 
 
 Mr. Tindolph was married to Miss Lucile, 
 daughter of Mr. G. W. H. Roush, of Vincentnes, 
 in 1890. 
 
 Robert 0. James. 
 
 Robert O. James was born in Wabash county, 
 Indiana, March 19, 1850, and educated in the 
 common schools and at 
 the Seminary of South 
 Wabash, Ind., from 
 which he was graduated 
 in 1871. After leaving 
 school he engaged in 
 farming until twenty- 
 seven years of age. He 
 then embarked in mer- 
 cantile business at Lo- 
 gansport, Ind., where he 
 remained three years, 
 when failing health 
 compelled him to dispose of his business and 
 the next year was devoted to regaining his 
 health, with entire success. In 1881 he became 
 agent for the D. M. O. & S. railroad at Des 
 Moines, Iowa, which position he held for about 
 five years. Resigning this agency he spent the 
 winter of 1885 and 1886 with his parents in 
 Wabash county, Indiana. In the spring of 1886 
 he became a partner in a private bank at Hugo- 
 ton, in South-west Kansas. He remained in 
 this business four and a half years. Dispos- 
 ing of his interest there in the fall of 1890, he 
 spent the winter of 1890-91 in Wabash county, 
 and in the summer of 1891 bougfot a flouring 
 mill at Eldorado, in South-east Kansas. This 
 business he continued till the fall of 1895, when 
 he dsposed of it and after a few months spent 
 at Wabash. Ind., came to Vincennes in May, 
 1896, and invested in a large tract of timber 
 land. He has since been engaged largely in 
 lumber and saw mill business, shipping the 
 product of his mills over a wide territory. 
 
 Mr. James was married May 9, 1878, to Miss 
 Mary P. Leedy, of Remington, Ind. They have 
 one son, Rolin R., now twenty-two years of age 
 and a student at Earlham College, where he will 
 complete the full classical course next June.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 123 
 
 DRUGGISTS. 
 City Hall Drug Store. 
 
 One of the oldest and best known business 
 houses In the city is the City Hall Drug Store, 
 established in 1867 
 by H. J. Watjen, a 
 pharmacist of large 
 experience. The 
 store was first loca- 
 ted in Odd Fellows' 
 block, at the corner 
 of Second and 
 Broadway, where it 
 remained for twen- 
 ty-one years. In 1888 
 it was moved to the 
 corner of Second 
 and Main, into the 
 building now occu- 
 pied by the German 
 National Bank. 
 Here it remained till 
 1895, wheni it was 
 removed to its pres- 
 ent location, corner 
 Main and City Hall 
 place. Mr. Watjen 
 brought with him to 
 the business not on- INTERIOR VIEW 
 
 ly long years of experience, many of which had 
 been spent in careful and thorough study of 
 the science, but well formed business habits, 
 which have resulted ini the building up of a 
 magnificent trade. Fifteen years ago Mr. Wat- 
 jen's eldest son, Woodville C. Watjen, took 
 up the study of pharmacy under his father's 
 direction and soon became one of the most 
 thorough and skilled pharmacists in the city. 
 For the past two years the business has been 
 under his management entirely the father hav- 
 ing let his mantle fall upon the shoulders of 
 the son, who wears it with a grace that shows 
 him to be of the parent stock. 
 
 The trade of the City Hall Drug Store is, as it 
 should be, one of the very best in the city. 
 
 Dr. R. G. Moore. 
 
 Ruben G. Moore, M. D., wholesale and retail 
 drugs, paints, toilet articles, etc., 221 Main 
 street, is one of tlie business men of the city 
 who may be said to be old in the business in 
 Yincennes, having been steadily engaged here 
 for more than a third of a century. Dr. Moore 
 
 was born within six miles of Indianapolis in 
 1837 and came to Vincennes in 1866. Apparent- 
 ly his long service has not rendered business 
 distasteful to him, for one may confidently ex- 
 pect to find the doctor at his desk at all times 
 
 CITY HALL DRUG STORE, 320 MAIN 
 during business hours. 
 
 Dr. Moore was married in 1867 to Miss Sarah 
 B. Burns, of Moore's Hill, Imd. They have one 
 son, Dr. M. G. Moore, of the city, and two 
 daughters, Mrs. John W. Neptune, of Thorn- 
 town, Ind., and Mrs. William Evans Jenkins, 
 of Richmond, Ind. 
 
 Victor Schoenfeld. 
 
 Victor Schoenfeld was born in Budapest, Hun- 
 gary, May 19, 1846. Came to America in 1872. 
 The first year after his 
 arrival he spent at Cin- 
 cinnati; then went to 
 Indianapolis, where be 
 was in business for six 
 years, coming to Vin- 
 cennes in August, 1879. 
 He went into business 
 at once, conducting, a 
 notion store at 207 
 Main street He re- 
 mained at that location 
 nine years, removing to
 
 124 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 present location, No. 211 Maim, in 1888. He car- 
 ries a complete stock of proprietary medicines, 
 wall paper, sihades, paints, etc., and a variety of 
 notions anld toys and enjoys a thriving trade. 
 
 Mr. Schoenfeld was married in 1879 to Miss 
 Rifka Wile, of Vincennes. They have two 
 daughters, Misses Elizabeth and Elvira. 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 Watjcn's Wonderful Cat, "Mascot" 
 
 John M. Duesterberg. 
 
 John M. Duesterberg, druggist, 624 North 
 Second street, was born, reared and educated 
 ia Vincennes. His first 
 employment after leav- 
 ing school was with H. 
 E. Peck, druggist, in 
 1861. He remained with 
 Mr. Peck and his suc- 
 cessors, Messrs. Luck & 
 Patton, over four years. 
 He was then for three 
 years in the employ of 
 J. E). Lander, druggist. 
 In 1868 he embarked in 
 business for himself, 
 opening a drug store near the old passenger 
 depot ini North Vincennes After two years he 
 sold this store and bought an interest with 
 Landers. In 1874 this partnership was dis- 
 solved and Mr. Duesterberg opened a store at 
 
 No. 325 Main street. A year or so later this 
 was removed to No. 316 Main. In 1879 he sold 
 this business and was for a time out of busi- 
 ness. In 1883 he opened up a new stock at the 
 corner of Second and Sott. Here he remained 
 ten years. In 1893 he built and occupied his 
 present building at 621 North Second. Mr. 
 Duesterberg was married in 1874 to Miss Mary 
 Rikhoff. of Vinceuues. 
 
 BAKERS. 
 Planke Bros. 
 
 The firm of Plauke Bros., bakers and confec- 
 tioners, 502-4 Main street, is composed of Fred- 
 erick W. and Henry E. Planke, both who were 
 born in Westphalia, Germany, the former Sep- 
 tember 11, 18(52, and the latter January 11, 1869. 
 Frederick Planke came to this country direct 
 to Knox County in 1881. He lived on a farm 
 during the first four years after his arrival. 
 In 1886 with a brother. William, now deceased, 
 he established a business at No. 311 Main, but 
 after a few months removed to the present loca- 
 tion. William Planke died in October, 1895, and 
 later Henry E., who had arrived from Germany 
 in June, 1889, became a member of the firm. 
 
 Frederick W. Planke was married in 1886 to 
 Miss Annie Spangle, of Knox county. They 
 have two children. 
 
 Planke Brothers have fitted their bakery with 
 modern machinery and have every appliance 
 calculated to improve the quality or lessen the 
 cost of prodiiction and their product gives uni- 
 versal satisfaction. They are large dealers in 
 candies and confectioneries and hi season man- 
 ufacture and sell at wholesale and retail im- 
 mense quantities of ice cream, in which their 
 trade has had a steady and rapid growth for 
 several years past. 
 
 Herman Boog. 
 
 Herman BOog was born in Brunswick, Ger- 
 many, May 28, 1864, and came to America in 
 1888 at the age of 24 years. In 1890 Mr. Boog 
 came to Vinicennes and engaged with Frank 
 Mitcihell as baker. In 3891 he formed a part- 
 nership with Henry Bergmann and established 
 a bakery at Seventh and Hart streets. In 1895 
 the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Boog 
 established his present business at 9 South 
 Fourth street, where he has had a steady 
 growth and now conducts one of the largest
 
 V1NCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 125 
 
 
 bakeries in the city, equipped with modern 
 steam machinery. 
 
 Mr. Boog was married in 1892 to Miss Lina 
 Ahlborn, of Celle, Germany. They have two 
 children living and have lost one by death. 
 
 MILLINERS. 
 G. R. Harvey. 
 
 Geo. R. Harvey was born in Kingston, Tenn., 
 May 14, 1818. When George was two years of 
 age his parents removed 
 to a farm in) Washing- 
 ton county, Ind., where 
 he remained until 
 twelve years of age. He 
 then entered the em- 
 ploy of a merchant tail- 
 or in Salem and there 
 lea rned the tailor's 
 trade. He remained 
 here five years and then 
 established himself in 
 business at the small 
 town of Bono, in Lawrence county, near the 
 Washington county line. Here he commenced 
 business in 1833 and continued it till 1847. In 
 the latter year on account of failing health, 
 due to his confining occupation, he disposed 
 of his business and for an open air occupa- 
 tion chose flat boating and engaged in tihis occu- 
 pation on the east fork of White River, follow- 
 ing it for a period of two years. Finding him- 
 self then in fairly good health lie removed to 
 Vinlcennes, where he embarked in business as 
 a merchant tailor, combining with it a book and 
 stationer}- business. After two years he sold 
 the tailoring department and confined himself 
 to the book and stationery business. Very soon 
 thereafter in partnership with James A. Mason 
 and L. L. Watson, under the firm name and 
 style of Harvey, Mason & Co., he, about 1853-4, 
 bought the Vincennes Gazette, in connection 
 w-ith which the book and stationery business 
 was subsequently conducted. In 1859 tihey sold 
 the Gazette to Col. C. M. Allen and Dr. H. M. 
 Smith and later in the same year sold the book 
 store to Major Gould and Dr. Shepard. Mr. 
 Harvey was then for two years engaged in an 
 auction and commission business, embarking, 
 in 1861, In millinery and ladies' furnishings 
 and the manufacture of ladies', misses' and 
 children's wraps. This business grew to large 
 
 proportions and Mr. Harvey did a business run- 
 ning as high as 40,000 to $50,000 a year, making 
 nearly all the goods in those lines sold in this 
 section. In these lines he has continued to the 
 present time, but with advancing years has 
 dropped some features of the business entirely, 
 and has ceased to push the remainder with 
 his erstwhile vigor, being satisfied with a quiet, 
 little business that provides a comfortable liv- 
 ing for himself and family. When at the height 
 of his prosperity in the manufacture of ladies* 
 wraps, etc., Mr. Harvey employed five to six 
 tailors and from fifty to sixty needle women. 
 
 Our venerable subject recalls the fact that 
 when he came to Vincennes there were in ac- 
 tive business ini the city fifty-two men. Of 
 these he is now the only one in business. The 
 only other one living is Mr. Christian Eberwine, 
 of 503 Busseron street. 
 
 Mr. Harvey was married April 12, 1849, to 
 Miss Laura B. Brace, of Haysville, Dubois 
 county, Ind., who is still living and assisting 
 in the business. 
 
 Robert M. Glass. 
 
 Robert M. Glass was born in Lewistown, Pa., 
 and educated in the schools of that city. He 
 came to Vincennes in 
 1879 For a period of 
 seven years he was em- 
 ployed as a salesman by 
 B. Kuhn & Co., and I. 
 Joseph & Sons, In 1885 
 Mr. Glass embarked in 
 business for himself, 
 buying the millinery 
 business of J. T. Mc- 
 Jiinsey, theretofore es- 
 tablished at 15 North 
 Second street, where he 
 
 has continued in business to the present time. 
 Mr. Glass carries one of the most complete lines 
 of millinery in the State and having at all 
 times the best trimmers obtainable, enjoys the 
 cream of the city's millinery trade. 
 
 Mr. Glass was married in 1885 to Miss Fannie 
 E. Collins, of the city. They have two children. 
 
 * 
 
 WALL PAPER, PAINTS, ETC. 
 Mrs. E. J. Loten. 
 
 The business conducted by Mrs. Eleanor J. 
 Loten at 416 Main street, was established by 
 John Loten, about 1856. Mr. Loten was born
 
 126 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 in England and came to this country with his 
 father in 1853 to a farm near Grayville, 111. He 
 had learned the trade of house painter and 
 decorator in England and in 1854 came to Vin- 
 cennes, where lie followed his trade for a time 
 and then established a paint and paper store 
 on Fourth street, between Maim and Busseron. 
 He later bought two Main street lots of Dr. Hitt 
 and erected buildings, one of which is yet occu- 
 pied by the business conducted by his widow, 
 Mrs. Eleanor J. Loten, nee Roberts, to whom 
 he was married in Hull, England, in 1851. Mr. 
 Loten dying in 1876 Mrs. Loten> succeeded to 
 the business, which she has since conducted 
 most successfully, having added to it a fine line 
 of pictures, frames and ornamental goods, in 
 which she deals largely. 
 
 Charles W, Helle. 
 
 Charles W. Helle, dealer in pictures, mould- 
 ings, wall paper, paints and window shades, 219 
 Main street, was born 
 at Freelandville, Knox 
 county, August 11, 
 1866. His father died 
 when he was but five 
 years of age, and his 
 widowed mother re- 
 moved soon after to 
 Vincennes, where he at- 
 tended St. John's Evan- 
 gelical school and sub- 
 sequently the public 
 schools. Necessity com- 
 pelled him to seek employment at an early age 
 and he found it mainly in stores until he de- 
 cided to learn the trade of paper hanger, which 
 he did with Henry Miller. In 1887 he went to 
 Cincinnati and became foreman of the freight 
 house of the C., H. & D. railroad, in which po- 
 sition he remained for six years. He then fol- 
 lowed his trade of paper hanger for five years. 
 Returning to Vincennes in 1898, he bought of 
 J. J. Dawson the business which he has since 
 conducted. 
 
 Mr. Helle was married in 1889 to Miss Mary 
 Hays of Cincinnati. 
 
 BICYCLES, REPAIRS, ETC. 
 White Bicycle Company. 
 
 The White Bicycle Company, bicycles, repairs 
 and general repair work, 202 North Seventh 
 street, is the outgrowth of a business estab- 
 lished in the spring of 1897, by George M. White 
 
 and Lafayette LeGros, under the firm name of 
 George M. White. The firm continued un- 
 changed till December 1, 1901, when Oliver 
 
 Mrs. Loten's New Building, Telephone Exchange, 
 Fourth, Between Main and Busseron 
 
 Pierson bought the interest of Mr. White and 
 the present firm was formed, consisting of Mr. 
 LeGros and Mr. Pierson, and the name "The 
 White Bicycle Company" adopted. 
 
 The White Bicycle Company handles a large 
 line of the best wheels made, and are exclusive 
 agenits for the Crescent and one or two other 
 high grade wheels. They also handle a full 
 line of specialties and repairs and do all kinds 
 of repair work, including enameling and nickel- 
 ing, under a full guaranty. 
 
 Oliver Pierson, of the White Bicycle Com- 
 pany, was born in Knox county, Ohio, Decem- 
 ber 13, 1836. After leaving the public schools, 
 young Pierson took an academic course at Mar- 
 tinsburg and there attended college for a time. 
 He afterward learned the trade of chair maker 
 but did not long follow it, taking up that of 
 house painting, emigrating in 1857 to Marshall 
 county, Illinois. Here he taught school onie 
 year and then returned to Ohio. While in Illi- 
 nois he met and won Miss Martha Fountain, of 
 Marshall county, and in 1860 returned and mar- 
 ried her. He then followed school teaching In 
 Ohio one year, after which he returned to 
 Wenona, 111., where he followed the trade of
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 127 
 
 house painting for some five or six years. From 
 there he went to Oskaloosa, Iowa, where he 
 was engaged, in the manufacture of window 
 blinds. Here he remained till the fall of 1882, 
 when he removed to Wabash county, Ind., and 
 engaged in the saw mill business. In this he 
 continued till 1892, when he engaged in the 
 same business in Knox county and continued it 
 till the year 1899. 
 
 Mr. Pierson is a skillful mechanic and well 
 versed in everything pertaining to saws and 
 saw mills; At filing and re-hammering saws 
 he has few superiors amd bJs trade in this line 
 is quite large. Mr. Pierson is the father of two 
 sons and two daughters. 
 
 Lafayette LeGros was born at Allendale, Wa- 
 basti county, 111. When he was six or seven 
 years of age his father removed to Bridgeport, 
 Lawrence county, 111., where he attended the 
 public schools. At the age of seventeen years 
 he engaged to learn the trade of miller and 
 was for several years employed in. a large flour- 
 ing mill at Bridgeport. Having a natural me- 
 chanical turn he quickly obtained an expert 
 knowledge of the trade and was placed in en- 
 tire charge of the mill at an early age. Find- 
 ing his health suffered from the occupation, 
 however, he gave it up and came to Vincennes 
 in 1892 and was employed in a bicycle repair 
 shop. In 1894, he accepted a position in a 
 large mill at Davenport, Iowa, which, however, 
 he was compelled to give up on account of his 
 health, after one year. Returning to Vincennes 
 he took charge of a bicycle department for C. 
 Scott & Son. Later he was offered and ac- 
 cepted the formanship of a large bicycle repair 
 shop at Atlanta, Ga. In 1897, with George M. 
 White he established a general bicycle business, 
 of which the present "White Bicycle Company" 
 is the outgrowth. 
 
 E. B. Hunter. 
 
 E. B. Hunter was born at Newberry, Green 
 counity, Ind., but his father dying when our sub- 
 ject was quite small, he was placed with his 
 grandmother on a farm near Washington, Davis 
 county. When fourteen years of age. striking 
 out for himself, he went to Mattoon, 111., where 
 he remained until 1875. Here young Hunter 
 learned milling and the machinists trade. 
 Leaving Mattoon he spent one year in Terre 
 Haute. Coming to Vincennes in 1877, he took 
 charge of the milling department of a starch 
 factory for a time and subsequently of flouring 
 
 mills at Bridgeport, 111., and at Vincennes. In 
 1890 Mr. Hunter opened a bicycle store, coup- 
 ling with it a bicycle repair shop, which has 
 sin/ce developed into a general machine and re- 
 pair shop, wherein Mr. Hunter's superior tal- 
 ents are in great demand. Recently Mr. Hunter 
 has become proprietor of the "Racket Store" for 
 some years conducted by Mrs. Barlow in an ad- 
 joining building, which has been connected by 
 an archway. Energy, enterprise and skill have 
 combined to build up for Mr. Hunter a busi- 
 ness of large proportions and which is appar- 
 ently destined to a much larger growth. Mr. 
 Hunter was married December 11, 1879, to 
 Miss Esther A. Thomas, of Washington, Ind., 
 who died Sept. 27, 1899, leaving four children. 
 He recently married Miss Anne Barrows. 
 
 COAL AND ICE. 
 L. A. Frederick. 
 
 Louis A. Frederick, wholesale and retail deal- 
 er in coal, 1115 Main street, was born in Louis- 
 ville, Ky., October 20, 
 1858, and received his 
 education in the schools 
 of that city. At the age 
 of twenty years, In 
 1878, he entered the 
 shops of the Indianapo- 
 lis car works and learn- 
 ed the trade of car buil- 
 der and subsequently 
 became car inspector on 
 the Pan Handle rail- 
 road and remained In 
 
 the employ of the Pennsylvania system for fif- 
 teen years. In 1885 he came to Vincennes as 
 inspector for the I. & V. railroad and continued 
 to hold the position here until 1892. In the 
 mean time he had built up a flourishing coal 
 business, to which he has since devoted his en- 
 tire time and attention building up a whole- 
 sale and retail business of large proportions. 
 He handles the Jackson Hill and Princeton, two 
 of the best grades of coal to be had in this 
 market. 
 
 Mr. Frederick is an "old reliable" among 
 Republicans, and though in no sense a seeker 
 after office he waft in 1894 the Republican nomi- 
 nee for trustee of Vincennes township, and 
 notwithstanding a normal majority of over five 
 hundred in favor of the Democrats, his popular-
 
 128 
 
 YINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 ity was attested by the fact that he was beaten 
 by only 89 votes. He is a member of the M. E. 
 church and also of a number of fraternal and 
 beneficiary societies, including the Odd Fellows, 
 K. of P., Uniform Rank K. of P., of which he 
 is captain; Modern Woodmen and Ben Hur. He 
 is also a member of the Vincennies Board of 
 Trade. 
 
 Mr. Frederick was married, January 10, 1SS5, 
 to Miss Mary E., daughter of James L. Lowe, 
 of Indianapolis. This union has been blessed 
 by nine children, of whom six sons and one 
 daughter are living. He resides with his family 
 on his farm of forty acres just east of the city 
 limits. 
 
 John D. LaCroix, Coal and Ice. 
 
 John D. LaCroix, dealer in coal and ice, was 
 born in Yincennes, April 5, 1856. He obtained' 
 his education in the schools of the city and in 
 early life was employed as a salesman in the 
 dry goods store of his father in the city. Soon 
 after the death of his father, he, in 1877, formed 
 a partnership with Htigh Bowen and embarked 
 in the grocery business at 309 Main street, un- 
 der the firm name of LaCroix & Boweru, com- 
 bining with it a coal and ice trade. At the end 
 of one year he bought his partner's interest and 
 continued the business until 1890, when he dis- 
 posed of the grocery store in order to devote 
 his entire time attention) to the other branches 
 of the business, which had grown to large pro- 
 portions, erecting an office which he still occu- 
 pies, at 18 South Third street. 
 
 Mr. LaCroix was married June 5, 1889, to 
 Miss Mary Brackette, of St. Louis. 
 
 John A. Henderson. 
 
 John A. Hendersom was born in Yincennes, 
 August 18, 1842. His mother dying in his in- 
 fancy he was placed in the care of relatives 
 in Parke county, Ind., where he remained till 
 the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, 
 when ho enlisted in Company "I," First Indiana 
 Cavalry. With this company he served three 
 years, being mustered out July 4, 18G4, and saw 
 much hard service. He was in the second bat- 
 tle of Bull Rui\ and was with Grant before 
 Petersburg. His,- command took an- honorable 
 part in a number of hard fought battles and 
 many skirmishes. In 1867 Mr. Henderson came 
 to Vincennes and formed a partnership with 
 Irvin Wilkinson in a tin and stove business. 
 
 After about two years he sold his interests here 
 and went to Nashville, Tenn., where he took 
 stock in a cotton compress company and be- 
 came assistant superintendent of the business. 
 Afterwards returning to Vincenmes he entered 
 the employ of the Adams Express Company 
 with which he remained eleven years as way- 
 bill and money clerk. In 1880 Mr. Henderson 
 embarked in coal and ice business at corner of 
 Third and Scott streets, where he is still lo- 
 cated. Mr. Henderson was married October 
 20, 1869, to Miss Hanmah R. McClure, of Vin- 
 cennes. They have one son and one daughter. 
 
 Edwin L. Ryder. 
 
 Edwin L. Ryder was born aear Lebanon, Ky., 
 May 20, 1846. He was educated at Iowa Col- 
 lege, Davenport, Iowa. 
 He learned telegraphy 
 and was first employed 
 at South Charleston, O., 
 on the Little Miami 
 railroad. For some years 
 he continued with this 
 road occupying various 
 positions as operator 
 and agent. He was 
 night manager for the 
 Western Union at Cin>- 
 cinnati, Ohio, when the 
 Rebellion came and was made operator at 
 Camp Dennison, near that city, when troops 
 began to mobilize. Mr. Ryder attempted to en- 
 list but was rejected on account of being an 
 operator, his services in that capacity being 
 urgently required. He subsequently made a 
 second attempt with a like result. In 1866 Mr. 
 Ryder came to Vincennes as train dispatcher 
 for the O. <t M. railroad. After one year he 
 was made train master of the western division 
 and subsequently of the entire system from 
 Louisville to St. Louis. Later he became assist- 
 ant general superintendent of the road. In 
 1874 he resigned this position to become divi- 
 sion superintendent of the Missouri Pacific and 
 Iron Mountain roads, with headquarters in St. 
 Louis. In 1885 he resigned this position and 
 returned to Vincennes, embarking in a coal 
 business and sack exchange, which he has 
 since conducted. 
 
 Mr. Ryder was married in 1869 to Miss Mary 
 Wise, of Vincennes. now deceased. He has one 
 daughter, Mrs. William C. Breed, of New York 
 City.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 129 
 
 SHOES. 1 
 
 George Klein. ~ 
 
 George Klein, dealer in shoes at 329 Main 
 street, was born in Alsace, at that time French 
 territory, in 1833. He cum* to this country at 
 the age of 19 years, landing at St. Louis, where 
 he remained about 
 eight years, following 
 the trade of shoemaker. 
 He spent also three 
 years at Bt-ntonsport, 
 Iowa, whence he re- 
 turned to St. Louis, 
 coming to Vincennes in 
 1868. Working for a 
 time as a journeyman 
 at his trade he, in 1869, 
 established a business 
 of his own at 323 Main. 
 The business flourished and was in 1878 re- 
 moved to its present location, where it has since 
 been continued. 
 
 Mr. Klein was married in 1864 to his present 
 wife, who was Miss Lena Heybeck, of Ger- 
 many, whither he had returned on a visit. They 
 have four children. 
 
 Racey Palfrey Shoe Co. 
 
 The Racey-Palfrey Shoe Company is com- 
 posed of Wm. S. Racey and Thomas F. Palfrey 
 and was formed in December, 1899. 
 
 Wm. S. Racey was born on a farm near Oak- 
 town. In 1808 he took a position in the general 
 store of Watts Bond, 
 of Oaktown, anid re- 
 mained with him sev- 
 en years. In March, 
 1895, he formed a 
 partnership with James 
 Hedden and embarked 
 in the grocery business 
 at the corner of Fifth 
 and Main Streets, Vin- 
 cennes. In December, 
 1899, Mr. Racey sold 
 his interest in the 
 grocery store and formed a partnership with 
 Thomas F. Palfrey in the shoe business, which 
 they have since conducted at 218 Main street. 
 Mr. Racey was married in October, 1889 to Miss 
 Maggie E. Shepherd, of Oaktown. They have 
 two children living. 
 
 Thomas F. Palfrey was born in Detroit, Mich., 
 and educated in the schools of St. Louis, to 
 
 which city his parents 
 removed when Thomas 
 F. was a small boy. In 
 1889 he took a position 
 with the Simmons 
 Hardware Company, of 
 St. Louis, in which 
 company he soon after 
 became a stockholder 
 and traveling salesman 
 and remained in that 
 connection for ' ten 
 years, withdrawing in 
 December, 1899, to enter the shoe business. Mr. 
 Palfrey was in 1894 married to Miss Mary L. 
 BurrelJ, of St. Louis. They have three children. 
 (Messrs. Racey and Palf/ey are both mem- 
 bers of the BractonrRacey Grocery Company.) 
 
 Chas. E. Shepherd. 
 
 Charles E. Shepherd was born on a farm in 
 Knox county near Oak- 
 town. When he was 
 qaito small his parents 
 removed to Sullivan 
 county, where he was 
 reared and educated. 
 He remained on the 
 farm until twenty years 
 of age, when he took a 
 position with Racey & 
 Hedden, grocers, with 
 whom he remained for 
 several years. He be- 
 came a salesman for tiie Racey-Palfrey Shoe 
 Company in September, li)l. 
 
 T. Ray Cross. 
 
 T. Ray Cross was born and reftred on a farm 
 near Vincennes, attending the schools of the 
 city, including one year 
 in the high school. In 
 1896 he entered the em- 
 ploy of Racey & Hed- 
 den grocers, Fifth and 
 Main, and remained 
 there until the death of 
 Mr. Hedden. in the fall 
 ot 1891, which resulted 
 ir closing the business 
 temporarily. In Octo-- 
 ber, 7901, he became a 
 salesman in the shoe 
 
 store of the Racey-Palfrey Shoe Company, 
 where he is now employed.
 
 130 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 HARDWARE. 
 W. H. Weed. 
 
 William H. Weed was born in Grayville, Illi- 
 nois, May 5, 1803, and received his general edu- 
 cation in the schools of that city. He after- 
 wards attended Easthan/s Business College, of 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 
 from which he was 
 graduated in 1880. 
 
 He first embarked in 
 business at Fairfield, 
 Illinois, where he con- 
 ducted a hardware 
 store for a few mouths, 
 removed to Grayville, 
 where he was in busi- 
 ness about two years 
 before coming to Vin- 
 cennes in 1887. Here he 
 first occupied the storeroom at 214 Main street, 
 where he remained twelve years, moving into 
 the large double stores at 410 and 412 Main in 
 1899, remaining here to the present time. 
 
 Mr. Weed handles a general line of builders' 
 hardware, stoves, furnaces, tinware, tools, wire, 
 rooting, etc., and has built up a fine business 
 and a reputation for fair dealing that is as 
 broad as the territory over which Vincennes 
 trade extends. 
 
 Mr. Weed was married at Grayville, Illinois, 
 in 1884, to Miss Mary B. Spring. They have 
 one son. 
 
 N. Smith & Sons. 
 
 The firm of N. Smith & Sons is one of the 
 oldest in the State of Indiana, dating back to 
 the year 1817, when Nicholas Smith ,the foun- 
 der, and father of the present proprietors, came 
 to Vincemies from Cincinnati, being originally 
 from Newark, N. J. He established himself as 
 a blacksmith, subsequently adding a tin shop 
 and in 1834 putting in> a line of stoves. Mr. 
 Smith, in 1828, bought the property, then va- 
 cant, where the business now stands, No. 313 
 and 315 Main street, together with that at Nos. 
 317 and 819 Main, and about the year 1860, 
 erected the building now occupied by H. Brok- 
 hage & Sons, and in 1864 that occupied by the 
 present firm of N. Smith & Sons. 
 
 The firm was originallv composed of the fath- 
 er, Nicholas Smith, and his two elder sons. G. 
 Foster and C. C. Smith. The two sons with- 
 drew from the firm in 1856 and embarked in 
 
 business together at Terre Haute, where C. C. 
 Smith is still engaged, G. Foster being now de- 
 ceased. After the withdrawal of his sous Mr. 
 Smith continued alone till the year 1864 when 
 Edward H. and John A. Smith were admitted 
 to a partnership and the old name has con- 
 tinued to the present date, though the elder 
 Smith died in the year 1871, and the business 
 has been conducted with m irked success by the 
 last named brothers. The line includes every- 
 thing in lieating and cooking stoves, kitchen 
 utensils, tin work of all descriptions, steam, 
 hot water and hot air furnaces, mantels, roof- 
 ing, guttering, etc. The growth of the business 
 has recently compelled the addition of a large 
 ware room in the rear to accommodate it. Be- 
 sides their business, the Messrs. Smith are large 
 owners of valuable real estate in the city. They 
 are enterprising and public spirited men and 
 ready ,\t all tin?es to lead a holping hand for the 
 advancement of the city E. H. Smith was a 
 charter member of the board of trade and is a 
 director in the First National Bank. 
 
 P. Eluere & Sons. 
 
 The firm of P. Eluere & Sons is one of the 
 oldest houses in the city and owes its beginning 
 to a small repair shop started by Prosper El- 
 uere, in the year 1842, on Broadway between 
 First and Second streets. Born in Rennes, 
 France, in 1812, Mr. Eluere learned the trade 
 of gun and locksmith and became an expert 
 in general repair work. Ernmigrating to Ameri- 
 ca and coming direct to Vincenmes in the year 
 last above mentioned, he established himself 
 in business as stated and as his talents were 
 recognized and his business and capital grew, 
 he put in a line of guns 
 and sporting goods, 
 adding to it other lines 
 as his trade demanded, 
 from time to time, until 
 he carried a great varie- 
 ty of goods, represent- 
 ing a large investment. 
 Mr. Eluere was married 
 in 1847 to Miss Mary 
 Louise Bayard and to 
 the union were born 
 five sons, Edward, Sam- 
 uel, Louis, Prosper, Jr., and William, and three 
 daughters. Misses Emma, Frances and Eliza- 
 beth. Before many years the business of Mr. 
 Eluere had outgrown its quarters, and its char-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 131 
 
 acter and dimensions demanded a better loca- 
 tion. Accordingly he removed to 305 Main 
 street where he continued to conduct it for 
 many years to the date ol his death in 1891. 
 Two years prior to his death Mr. Eluere asso- 
 ciated with himself ini the business his three 
 sons, Prosper, Louis and William, who had 
 grown up with it, and thuy now conduct the 
 business. P. Eluere & Sons is not only one 
 of the oldest but one of the largest retail busi- 
 nesses in the city. They carry an immense 
 line of hardware, cuttlery, guns, sporting goods, 
 notions, toys, etc. 
 
 The Messrs. Eluere are skilled mechanics and 
 in their repair shop do in the most skillful man- 
 ner all kinds of repairs in metal. Born, reared 
 and educated in Vincennes, they are known 
 as careful and reliable business men, whose 
 word is as good as their bond, and is taken 
 by their customers at its face value. 
 
 i* 
 
 MARBLE. 
 Peter J. Burns. 
 
 Peter J. Burns, of the Standard Monument 
 Works, 14 South Second street, was born In 
 Pittsburg, Pa., March 9, 
 1854. He was educated 
 in the schools of Louis- 
 ville, Ky., and at St. 
 Mary's Academy, of 
 Floyd county, Indiana, 
 from which he was 
 graduated in 1871. He 
 learned the trade of 
 marble cutter at Louis- 
 ville, Ky., and followed 
 the trade as a journey- 
 man marble cutter for 
 about ten years, traveling for a marble firm 
 during an interval of four years. Mr. Burns, 
 in 1885, embarked in business in Vincennes 
 with E. M. Salyards as a partner, under the 
 firm name of Salyards & Burns. This part- 
 nership was dissolved after two years and Mr. 
 Burns went into business alone. The pres- 
 ent firm was organized in 1896. Mr. Burns is a 
 thorough master of the mechanical side of his 
 bii^eer. 's a designer of ability and taste, and 
 having a broad acquaintance in this section 
 his firm enjoys a large and profitable custom. 
 He has done much work of the higher class 
 for wealthy and distinguished peoole of this 
 and other cities. 
 
 Mr. Burns was married October 3, 1882, to 
 Mrs. Mary Walter, of Jeffersonville, Ind. They 
 have one daughter. 
 
 E. M. Salyards. 
 
 Edward M. Salyards was born at Portsmouth, 
 Ohio, March 12. 1845. When he was eight years 
 of age his father re- 
 moved to Orleans, Ind., 
 where the son grew to 
 young manhood and 
 where at the age of 16 
 years he enlisted in the 
 Twenty-fourth Indiana 
 Volunteer Infantry and 
 remained in the service 
 till the close of the war, 
 four and a half years, 
 seeing much hard serv- 
 ice and being engaged 
 in maiijy battles of importance, among them 
 Shiloh, Champion Hill, Mississippi, and Vicks- 
 burg, Mis?. 
 
 After the war he attended the Indiana Uni- 
 versity at Blooraington for eighteen months. 
 After leaving school Mr. Salyards learned the 
 trade of marble cutter with his father at Or- 
 leans and has followed it ever since. He first 
 went imto business for himself at Madison, Ind. 
 From there, he went to New Albany where, 
 with a partner, he conducted a large business 
 for ten years. In 1885 he engaged in business 
 in Vincennes, where he has continued to the 
 present time. Mr. Salyards was married at 
 Bloomington. Ind.. in 1867, to Miss Eleanor An- 
 derson. They have four children. 
 
 FUNERAL 
 Ora J. 
 
 Ora J. Hartley was 
 in 1874. He received 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 Hartley. 
 
 born at Hillsboro, Ind.. 
 a gooa education in the 
 schools of Crawfords- 
 ville. After leaving 
 school young Hartley 
 learned telegraphy and 
 followed the vocation of 
 telegraph operator for 
 three years. He was 
 then for three years 
 with H. L. Steers, un- 
 derfci ker. in T e r r e 
 Haute. He came to 
 Vincennes in February. 
 1901 buying the inter-
 
 132 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 est of John Weber in the undertaking business 
 of Karaschefsky & Weber, the firm, becoming 
 Karaschefsky & Hartley. Mr. Hartley is a 
 thorough master of the undertaker's profession 
 and in every way a good citizen and business 
 man. His firm is doing a good business. 
 
 Mr. Hartley was married October 15, 1901, to 
 Miss Lida Swain, of Vincennes. 
 
 Dexter Gardner & Son. 
 
 The firm of Dexter Gardner & Son, under- 
 takers, 427 Main street, dates back to 1816, 
 when Andrew Gardner, a native of Boston, 
 Mass., arrived in Vincennes and estab- 
 lished a furniture and undertaking 
 business. About 1840, Andrew Gard- 
 ner associated with himself his son, 
 Elbridge G. Gardner, who had for a 
 number of years had practical charge 
 of the business, and the firm beeame 
 Andrew Gardner & Son. After the 
 death of the Elder Gardner, in 1860, 
 the business was continued by the sou 
 in liis own name. The latter conducted 
 a factory for the manufacture of furni- 
 ture as a feeder for the business Tind 
 this was on a large scale for those 
 days. In 1884 Elbridge G. Gardner 
 associated with himself in the business 
 his sons, Dexter and Edward, under 
 the firm name of E. G. Gardner & 
 Sons, and o continued till 1892, when 
 the business was divided between* the 
 two sons, Edward taking the furniture 
 business, which continued in the name 
 of E. G. Gardner & Sons, and Dexter 
 continuing the undertaking business. 
 In 1899 George E., son* of Dexter Gard- 
 ner, was admitted into the business 
 and the firm became Dexter Gardner 
 & Son. 
 
 The firm of Dexter Gardner & Son 
 has long been one of the leading under- 
 taking firms of Southern Indiana and 
 has don>e a large business in the city 
 and vicinity. The father, Dexter Gard- 
 ner, died February 8, 1902, and the 
 firm as now constituted is composed of the 
 heirs of Dexter Gardner and George E. Gard- 
 ner. George E. Gardner is assisted in the man- 
 agement of the business by his sister. Miss 
 France D. Gardner, who is a practical funeral 
 director and embalmer. 
 
 George Elbridge Gardner was born and reared 
 in Vinceunes and educated in its schools. After 
 leaving school he was for nearly two years in. 
 the railway mail service, after which, in 1891, 
 he entered the employ of Stanley & Co., under- 
 takers, of Memphis, Tenn. He remained with, 
 them six years, returning to Vincennes in 1867. 
 He was then employed by his father until he 
 became a member of the firm as above stated. 
 Since the death of his father Mr. Gardner has 
 been appointed the Democratic member of the 
 Metropolitan Police Board of Vincennes, suc- 
 ceeding his father, a position for which he had 
 
 FOUR GENERATIONS OF GARDNERS 
 
 the hearty endorsement of Republicans and 
 Democrats alike. 
 
 Mr. Gardner was married in 1897 to Miss 
 Ella Whittle: of Vinrennes. They have an inter- 
 rstinu; little daughter of five years and an in- 
 fant son.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 153 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHERS. 
 E. E. Shores. 
 
 Elmer E. Shores was born at Waverly, Iowa, 
 July 2, 1862. Came to Vincennes 1876. Was 
 graduated from the 
 Vincennes High School 
 ini 1880. Taught school 
 two years. He then 
 studied crayon work 
 and in 1883 opened a 
 studio for this, class of 
 work in St. Louis. To 
 this he subsequently 
 added photogr a p h y . 
 Here he remained, con- 
 ducting a 'successful 
 business till the year 
 
 1892, when he came to Vincennes and 
 established his present business, Since- Sep-^ 
 tember. 1895. Mr. Shores has been traveling for < 
 the W. A. Seed Dry Plate company,, of St. ( 
 Louis, having charge of eight states for that '" 
 concern. In the mean time his%business here 
 is in competent hands and receives,- much per- ' 
 sonal attention from the proprietor. , The busi- 
 ness here has been eminently successful, be- 
 ing one of the largest in the state, "turning out ' ! 
 every class of photography knpwn to the craft. 
 
 Mr". Shores was. in 1883. parried to Miss,/ 
 Anna Bloom, of Vincenmes. They have two 
 daughters. 
 
 Edward S. Clark. 
 
 Edward S. Clark was born at Assumption, 
 Christian county, Illinois, and educated in the 
 schools of Taylorville, 
 attending the high 
 school of that city. He^ 
 remained in Christian 
 county, part'of the time^ 
 on a farm. . until 17 
 years of age, when he 
 went to Indianapolis, 
 where he learned pho- 
 tography and has since 
 followed that profes- 
 sion. He remained sev- 
 en years in one of the 
 leading Indianapolis galleries then spent two 
 years in a Chicago gallery. From Chicago he 
 took a tour through Wisconsin, making views 
 for the Wisconsin Ledger, of Milwaukee. Re- 
 turning to Indianapolis, he was again employed 
 in a leading gallery for some two years, after 
 
 which he embarked with a partner in business 
 at Noblesville. After near two years sold this 
 business and returned to Indianapolis where 
 he was employed for about five years, coming 
 to Viucennes in 1899 as operator at E. E. 
 Shores' gallery, where be has since been em- 
 ployed. Mr. Clark is a pastmaster of the art 
 and has given excellent satisfaction to the 
 patrons of this establishment. Much of the 
 finest engraving in this work is from negatives 
 taken and pictures finished by Mr. Clark. 
 
 Martin V. Presnell. 
 
 Martin V. Presnell, photographer, was born 
 and reared in Vincennes and educated in the 
 public schools. Mr., 
 presnell engaged in the 
 business of photogra- 
 phy in 1883, and has 
 followed it continuous- 
 ly since. He has been 
 near five years at his 
 present number, 207$ 
 Main. He has made it 
 a point to keep abreast 
 of the imprivernents in 
 photography and his 
 work shows him as a 
 
 \ thorough master of his profession. 
 
 A number of the portraits in this volume are 
 
 -f row: photographs from his studio. 
 
 I. E. Townsley. 
 
 Isaiah E. Townsley Was'-born on a farm in 
 Fountain County, Ind., in 1847.- Was educated 
 in the schools of that 
 county and remained 
 on the farm until 32 
 years of age. In the 
 winter of 1864-5, when 
 in his 17th year, Mr. 
 Townsley enlisted in the 
 150th Indiana Volun- 
 teers and served to the 
 end of the war. - In 
 INS2 he came to Vin- 
 cennes and embarked 
 in business as a pho- 
 tographer, in which business he has since been 
 engaged. Mr. Townsley is devoted to his call- 
 ing and makes a superior line of work. Many 
 of the illustrations of this volume are from 
 photographs made by him. Mr. Townsley was 
 married October 30, 188K to Miss Eliza Harris, 
 of Vincennes.
 
 134 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Cassius E. Todd. 
 
 Cassius E. Todd was born at Mt. Vernon, 
 Ohio, Sept. 6, 1879, and educated in 1 the schools 
 of Fredericktown in 
 that state. After reach- 
 ing manhood Mr. Todd 
 spent several years on 
 a farm. Coming to 
 Vincennes in 1897 he 
 engaged in the lumber 
 business with hia 
 father at the corner of 
 Third and Scott Streets, 
 under the firm name of 
 W. J. Todd & Co. After 
 three years in this bus- 
 iness he took up the business of photography, 
 to which he had previously given much atten- 
 tion. After spending some months in the gal- 
 lery of J. S. Thompson he bought the business 
 in April, 1901. Mr. Todd is an industrious and 
 capable young man and can at all times be 
 found at his place of business, 308 N. Second 
 Street, ready to take a good photograph for a 
 reasonable price. Mr. Todd was married 
 March 28, 1899, to Miss Hayth-Hifdson, of Vin- 
 cennes. 
 
 * '' 
 
 ARCHITECTS AND CONTRACTORS. 
 John Hartigan. 
 
 John Hartigan was born in County Limerick, 
 Ireland, June 24, 1850. He came to this coun- 
 try with a sister in 1865, direct to Evansvijle, 
 where he remained about thirteen years; remov- 
 
 Hartigan Office Building. Second, bet. Main 
 and Vigo. 
 
 ing to Vincennes in 1878. Mr. Hartigan received 
 his education in Ireland. He learned the trade of 
 stone cutter in Evansville, which he followed 
 
 as a journeyman for about eleven years. He 
 then established a tombstone and monument 
 business in Vincennes, which he conducted for 
 seven years, then becoming a contractor in 
 which he is still engaged. While he does not, 
 as a rule, furnish plans, he does so in some 
 instances when the work is entirely of stone. 
 
 Mr. Hartigan has erected a large number of 
 important buildings in Vincennes, either in 
 whole or in part, including a number of fine 
 residences and public buildings. Among the 
 latter are the West End School, an addition to 
 the Vincennes University, etc. He was also 
 contractor for the residences of Mr. John 
 Smith, E. Bierhaus, J. B. La Plante and many 
 others. Other important buildings he has 
 erected are the electric ligiht plant at 
 corner Eleventh and Church Streets and the 
 stock house, bottling department, etc., of the 
 Eagle Brewery. In addition to his contract 
 business Mr. Hartigan is a l.'irge dealer in Port- 
 land cement. Mr. Hartigan is a public spirited 
 man, and has always been found ready to lend 
 a hand to any enterprise that tends to the ad- 
 vancement and development of the city. 
 He has borne an important part in se- 
 curing to Vincennes a number of industries, 
 prominent among which is the Vincennes Nov- 
 elty Works, of which he is treasurer. He has 
 now in hand some important enterprises which 
 will be of great benefit when developed. 
 
 Mr. Hartigan was in.'ijried in 1873 to Miss 
 Barbara Snyder, of Evansville. They have 
 two sons living. 
 
 Stephen Arnold. 
 
 Stephen Arnold, contractor and builder, 42ft 
 Church Street, was born* in Alsace, Prance (now 
 a German province), 
 July 18, 1846, and there 
 received his educatida 
 arid also learned the 
 trade of carpenter: and 
 cabinetmaker in a most 
 thorough manner, ac- 
 cordiag to the require- 
 ments of continental 
 Europe. Soon after at- 
 taining his majority he 
 entered the French 
 army, where he served 
 
 for a period of four years. It was during his 
 service that the Franco-German war occurred 
 and in this he saw most interesting service. He
 
 VI. \CENNKS IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 135 
 
 was in a number of hard-fought battles, in one 
 of which he received a German bullet in his 
 left shoulder, suffering a severe wound. This 
 was in. the battle uf (iravelotte, the most im- 
 portant and terrible battle of the war, and one 
 of the greatest ever fought In this battle 175,- 
 000 French were engaged and their loss in 
 killed and wounded exceeded thirty thousand. 
 It occurred on the eighteenth of August, 1871. 
 
 Soon after the close of the war, Mr. Arnold 
 came to America, direct to Viacennes, making 
 the trip from Strasburg, France, to Vincennes 
 in eleven days. He has since coming here fol- 
 lowed the occupation of conti actor anil builder, 
 and his services have always been in demand 
 as one of the most thorough and reliable mas- 
 ters of the builder's art. He has done the 
 woodwork on many of the finest residences and 
 other buildings in the city. 
 
 Mr. Arnold and family are members of St. 
 John's German Catholic congregation and he is 
 a member of Branch 533, Catholic Knights of 
 America, and also of the Uniform Rank. He 
 is a director in the German Mutual Insurance 
 Co., of Vincennes. 
 
 Mr. Arnold was united in marriage October 
 24, 1873, with Miss Mary Memering, of Vin- 
 cennes, who is a native of Hannover, Prussia, 
 and who had preceded him to this country sev- 
 eral years. They have five children living and 
 five dead. The living are four sons, John, 
 Frank. Herman, Aloisius and one daughter, 
 Miss Catherine. Four children died in infancy 
 and early chi'dhood and one son, Jorseph, at 
 the age of eighteen years. 
 
 W. H. Moore. 
 
 William H. Moore, contractor, was born in 
 Richland County, Illinois, May 4, 1854, and was 
 educated in the schools 
 of that county. His 
 first employment was 
 as water boy to a con- 
 struction gang on the 
 O. & M. Railway. 
 Later he became a 
 newsboy on the same 
 line. He then became 
 a fireman and received 
 his engineer's license at 
 the age of twenty-two 
 years. He subsequent- 
 joined the bridge gang 
 and continued in this line of construction work 
 
 for twelve years with the O. & M. and was 
 then made- inspector of bridges for the entire 
 line from Ciueinwiti to St. Louis and also on 
 the Springfield branch of the road. In 1886 he 
 resigned this position and became a general 
 contractor in building and street work in East 
 St. Louis. He came to Vincennes in 1898, and 
 has been engaged in the same line here since 
 that time. Since coir ing to Vincennes he has 
 executed a number of important contracts in 
 the cit3' and vicinity, his latest being the hand- 
 some new depot of the Terre Haute Brewing 
 Co., on First Street. 
 
 He has also built a large amount of fine side- 
 walk. He is an Odd Fellow and a member of 
 Malluch Court, No. 45, T. B. H., of this city. 
 
 Mr. Moore was married in February, 1877, to 
 Miss Mary Alice Courter, of Wabash County, 
 111. They have two sons. . . 
 
 D. W. Norton & Co. 
 
 The firm of D. W. Norton & Co., general 
 contractors, is one of the strong and substantial 
 firms added to the business fraternity of Vin- 
 cennes lately. They 
 have secured office ac- 
 commodations and per- 
 manently located with 
 J. S. Spiker, at 408* 
 Main Street, where* they 
 will be pleased to con- 
 fer with any person, 
 firm or municipality 
 having work in their 
 line, whether a large or 
 small amount is to be 
 done, such as ditching, 
 
 grading, paving, excavating, sewer construc- 
 tion 1 , sidewalk building, etc. The firm is com- 
 posed- of D. W. Norton and J. W. Landrum and 
 has been for a number of years largely engaged 
 in this line of work. . J'liey are familiar with 
 every detail, are abundantly responsible and 
 make a pohit of complying strictly with the re- 
 quirements of their contracts. Among the con- 
 tracts executed by this firm in the past two 
 years are the following: 
 
 Cement sidewalks an(? curbing at Mattoon, 
 Illinois, amounting to $20.000: street paving at 
 Champaign. Illinois, to the same amount; street 
 paving at Lebanon, Ind.. to the amount of $50,- 
 000: a sewage system at Martinsville, Ind.. $">(.- 
 000; large contracts for sewers, excavations, ce- 
 ment work, etc., at Terre Haute and elsewhere.
 
 136 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 and cement sidewalks and curbing on Eighth, 
 Ninth, First and Busseron Streets in Vincennes, 
 to the amount of eighteen thousand dollars, the 
 latter executed during the summer and fall of 
 1901. 
 
 They do not ask their patrons to take 
 their work on faith, but make a positive and 
 unequivocal five years' guaranty" on all con- 
 tracts executed by them. During the past year 
 their relations with the city and business men 
 have been so pleasant and their bearing has 
 been so universally business-like that they have 
 taken a high place in the estimation of our 
 people, by whom they are welcomed to our 
 midst as a valuable acquisition to the business 
 world. 
 
 Thomas Campbell. 
 
 Thomas Campbell, architect and builder, cor- 
 ner First and Perry Streets, was born in Ire- 
 land April 1, 1851, and came to this country 
 with his parents at.fhe age of three years. His 
 father located on a farm in Richland County, 
 111., six miles south of Olney, where young 
 Campbell grew to manhood. When eighteen 
 years of age he was apprenticed to John Bar- 
 low, of Olney, with whom he learned, the car- 
 penter's trade. After completing his ap- 
 prenticeship he continued to work at his trade 
 in Olney for one year, coming to Vincennes in 
 1873. He worked here as a journeyman car- 
 penter for several years, embarking in his pres- 
 ent business in 1892. Mr. Campbell furnishes 
 plans for the greater pa:-t of his work and has 
 to his credit many fine buildings in this- city 
 and neighboring towns. Among these -are the 
 First M. E. Church of tlna city, which is shown 
 elsewhere, the business block at north corner 
 Main and Third Streets, that at 207-17 North 
 Second, residence of Fred Bierhaus, on Fifth, 
 between Perry and Seminary, residence Guy 
 Mc.Timsey. 414 N. Sixth the Christian Church 
 at Lawrenceville, C. P. Church at Monroe City 
 and M. E. Churches at Shoals, Worthingfon, 
 Carlisle and Farmersbur?, rnd. Also superin- 
 tended the $50,000 addition made to the Grand 
 Hotel in this city in 1900 Mr. Campbell dis- 
 plays a taste in design and a genius in his 
 plans that renders his work popular. He is a 
 careful superintendent, permitting no deviation 
 from specifications and the only difficulty he 
 experiences is in meeting the increasing de- 
 mand for his services. Mr. Campbell was 
 married in 1876 to Miss Lucinda Matters, of 
 
 Vincennes. They have two children living and 
 one dead. 
 
 LIVERY. 
 William Simpson. 
 
 William Simpson, livery, 15-21 North Third, 
 opposite Grand Hotel, was born on a farm four 
 miles east of Vincennes, 
 Feb. 18, 1869. He attend- 
 ed the public schools 
 and subsequently Vin- 
 c e n n e s University, 
 almost completing the 
 course of that institu- 
 tion. He remained on 
 the farm till 1891 and 
 was for four years sub- 
 sequently a full partner 
 in the Knox Nuseries. 
 In December, 1895, he 
 accepted a position in the hardware and im- 
 plement house of Simpson, Emison & Laue. 
 Here lie remained over four years till, in 1900, 
 he bought the livery and boarding stable at the 
 above numbers, which he has since conducted. 
 Mr. Simpson is not only a genial and pleasant 
 gentleman, but an energetic and progressive 
 man and the business under his management 
 has shown material advancement, and the 
 number of its customers has greatly increased. 
 
 Frank Green. 
 
 Green's livery stable, Broadway near Busse- 
 ron, was established by William Green, who 
 came to this country 
 from Somersham, Hun- 
 tingtonsihire, England, 
 in 1831. After some 
 years spent as a driver 
 of stages, mainly on the 
 Evansville and Terre 
 Haute line, ^during a 
 considerable part of the 
 time making Vincennes 
 a stopping place, he, in 
 1836. in partnership 
 with Samuel Emison, 
 established a livery business in Vincennes. 
 They continued in partnership till 1S55. con- 
 ducting a livery and stage business, their sta- 
 ble was on the east corner of Second arid Broad- 
 way. The stable was built on its present site 
 in 1863 and the business has had a continuous 
 existence since. With his advancing years, Mr.
 
 VIXCEXXES IN PICTURE AXD STORY 
 
 137 
 
 Green, the elder, found in his son Frank a 
 steady and reliable business man on whom 
 his mantle could fall with no fears that it would 
 not rest on worthy shoulders. Since 1890 Frank 
 has conducted the business uninterruptedly, 
 save for a period of two years during which 
 he resided in Indianapolis. Under his manage- 
 ment Green's Livery has always done its full 
 share of business. Familiar with v every detail, 
 Mr. Green permits nothing but the most faith- 
 ful attention from his employes and ttjfe best 
 service to his patrons. . 
 
 John F. Mail. 
 
 John F. Mail, proprietor of Mail's livery, was 
 born in Johnson township, Knox county, July 
 14, 1860. He was educated in the schools of- the 
 county and engaged in fanning on. obtaifiing 
 his majority. Having a good business head as 
 well as the necessary energy and * push, Mr. 
 Mail's farming operations were eminently suc- 
 cessful and he soon accumulated a competence. 
 In August, 1891, he bought the Caney livery, 
 boarding and sale stables, at 22 South Sixth 
 street, which he continues to conduct. Mr. Mail 
 has probably the largest and most commodious 
 buildings in the city and is always to be found 
 at his post ready to accommodate his trade, 
 which under his management is showing a 
 healthy growth. 
 
 Mr. Mail was married in 1885 to Miss Annie 
 Johnson, of Johnson township. They have four 
 children. 
 
 <$ 
 
 CIVIL ENGINEERS, 
 J. S. S piker. 
 
 Jacob S. Spiker was horn in Clay Bounty, 
 Coming to Vincennes in 1883, : he en- 
 tered the Vincennes 
 University J and was 
 graduated therefrom in 
 18S7. The following 
 year he was elected 
 surveyor of Knox 
 County. After serving 
 very acceptably to his 
 constituents for some- 
 thing over three years, 
 Mr. Spiker resigned the 
 office for the purpose 
 of taking a special 
 course in civil engineering at Purdue Univer- 
 sity, which he did. After leaving the uni 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 versity Mr. Spiker. in 1893, opened an office in 
 Vincennes for the practice of his chosen pro- 
 fession, also prepared an index to the Knox 
 County records for the purpose of abstracting 
 titles, in which his office has done a large busi- 
 ness, notwithstanding the fact that the increas- 
 ing demand for his professional services has 
 compelled him to leave this branch mainly in 
 the hands of his associates. 
 
 Mr. Spiker is a thoroueh master of his pro- 
 fession, a careful and exacting superintendent, 
 permitting nothing short of perfect compliance 
 with specifications in work which he super- 
 vises. He has been employed very largely in 
 the construction of levees, drainage ditches, 
 roads and bridges, and so favorably has he be- 
 come known through the excellence of his work 
 that his services are in demand in an ever 
 broadening field. He has been compelled to 
 call in the aid of a number of assistants., To 
 a considerable extent his services have been in 
 demand as consulting engineer in matters per- 
 taining to heating and various structural work. 
 Mr. Spiker was in 1898 elected a member of the 
 City Council from the Third Ward and has 
 been one of the most careful and serviceable 
 members of that body. Mr. Spiker was mar- 
 ried October 23, 1891, to Miss Elizabeth Hoi- 
 lingsworth, of Vincennes. They have one son. 
 
 A. C. Spiker. 
 
 Augustus C. Spiker was born in Clay County, 
 Illinois, July 1, 1872. When he was twelve 
 years of age his father 
 removed to Stoddard 
 County, Missouri (his 
 mother having previ- 
 ously died), and here he 
 grew to man'hood, be- 
 ing employed on the 
 farm and as salesman 
 m a store. His father 
 dying in 1891, he came 
 to Vincennes in May 
 of that year and at- 
 tended Vincennes Uni- 
 versity during the school year of 1891-2. He 
 then, in the fall of 1892, entered Purdue Uni- 
 versity, which he attended for four years and 
 from which he was graduated in June, 1896. 
 His class record having given him a high 
 standing with the authorities, he was at once 
 appointed an instructor in practical mechanics 
 and drawing, a position which be held for two
 
 138 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 years, in the course of which, on the produc- 
 tion of a satisfactory thesis, he received the 
 master's degree of C. E. In 1898 Mr. Spiker 
 came to Vincennes and opened an office for the 
 practice of his piofession. 
 
 In January, 19(11, he was engaged to en^- 
 gineer and superintend the construction of a 
 large system of drainage in Stoddard and New 
 Madrid Counties, Missouri, and' has been em- 
 gaged there since, completing contracts aggre- 
 gating over $351,000. On the seventh of Janu- 
 ary, 1902, he let an additional contract for $87,- 
 000 worth of work which will begin soon. His 
 thorough mastery of his profession places him 
 in position to take charge of all sorts of con- 
 struction work and the care with which he 
 supervises work entrusted to him entitles him 
 to the consideration of all who have need of 
 the services of a competent and faithful civil 
 engineer. 
 
 Mr. Spiker was married, Sept. 26, 1900, to 
 Miss Mabel Loten, grand-daughter of Mrs. E. 
 J. Loten, of the city. 
 
 LAUNDRIES. 
 Koh-l-Noor Laundry. 
 
 The Koh-I-Noor Laundry was established in 
 1880 and become the property of Mr. S. S. Bur- 
 net by purchase in 1891. The Koh-I-Noor is 
 supplied with a most complete equipment of 
 the most modern and approved machinery 
 throughout, and under the efficient manage- 
 ment of Mr. S. S. Eastham gives universalsat- 
 isfaction to its large and increasing custom. 
 Besides its city patronage it has a large list of 
 patrons in the territory adjacent and tributary 
 to Vincennes. It gives steady employment at 
 good wages to twenty-five to thirty people. 
 
 Stephen S. Burnet, proprietor Koh-I-Noor 
 Laundry, was born in Orange, Cayahoga coun- 
 ty, Ohio, April 8, 1834. He received his educa- 
 tion in the public schools and at Hyram College, 
 Hyram, Ohio. His first employment in a busi- 
 ness way was in a wholesale liquor store at 
 Nashville. Tenn. He came to Vincenaes in 
 1862. Later he was many years engaged here 
 in furniture business and subsequent to this in 
 lumber and the manufacture of boxes, which 
 he continued to about the time he purchased 
 the laundry, as noted above He is a member 
 of the Royal Arcanum and of the Knights 
 of Honor and a Republican in politics. 
 
 Mr. Burnet was married in 18(38 to Miss Kate 
 Nance, of Putnamville. 
 
 Ivory Steam Laundry. 
 
 The Ivory Steam Laundry was established in 
 1899 by Pomil & Purcell and was successfully 
 conducted by them until sold to the Merchant 
 Brothers, present proprietors, in October, 1901. 
 It is equipped with modern machinery of the 
 best makes and is able to turn out a large 
 amount of first-class work, giving excellent 
 satisfaction to its custom, which is by no means 
 confined to Vincennes, extending over a wide 
 radius of the surorunding territory. 
 
 The Merchant Brothers are young men of ex- 
 cellent parts, lull of energy and closely atten- 
 tive to business. Both are native to the city 
 and no one stands fairer than they in the esti- 
 mation of the people. 
 
 Since taking charge of the Ivory Laundry the 
 Merchant Brothers have added not a little to 
 its equipment and capacity by putting in a 
 number of modern machines of the most ap- 
 proved pattern. They have further improve- 
 ments in contemplation and are determined to 
 make the Ivory one of the very best plants in 
 the state. 
 
 John A. Merchant, the senior member, took 
 a course in stenography and, after two years 
 in the employ of the McJinsey Buggy Company, 
 entered the division freight office of the B. & 
 O. railroad, in 1894. After one and a half years 
 here he was in 1896 transferred to the Spring- 
 field, 111., office, where he remained until Octo- 
 ber, 1901, when he resigned his position to be- 
 come an active partner in the Ivory Laundry. 
 
 Foster B. Merchant founii his first employ- 
 ment after leaving schoo) as driver for the 
 Ivory Laundry and has thus been with it from 
 the first dtry it ran to the present. He is famil- 
 iar with every branch of the business and has 
 become expert in the operation of some of the 
 machintery. 
 
 INSURANCE, ETC. 
 Albert P. DeBruler. 
 
 Albert P. DeBruler was born on a farm in 
 Pike Co., Ind., July 4, 1842. Was educated in 
 the public schools and enlisted in the army at 
 the age of 17 years, joining the Seventeenth In- 
 diana Infantry and remaining to the end of the 
 war. serving four years and two months. Was
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 139 
 
 a corporal when mustered out. His regiment 
 belonged to Wilder's brigade and was a part 
 of the time attached to the Fourteenth Army 
 Corps, but a part of the time acted independ- 
 ently. It belonged to the Army of the Cumber- 
 land, was in the battle of Chickamauga, and 
 passed through the famous Atlanta campaign. 
 Mr. DeBruler was wounded at Selma, Ala- 
 bama, April 2, 1865, and still carries the ball. 
 He was taken to a rebel hospital at Montgom- 
 ery, where he remained till the close of the 
 war. 
 
 After the war Mr. DeBruler spent several 
 years trading on the river and then went into 
 planing mill business at Petersburg. Dispos- 
 ing of this business he returned to the river 
 for a time. Was subsequently two years in 
 marble business at Petersburg and was Deputy 
 Sheriff of Pike County two years. Came to 
 Vincennes in 1881 and embarked in Real Es- 
 tate and Insurance business in which he has 
 continued ever since. Mr. DeBruler repre- 
 sents six fire, one life, one accident and one 
 live stock company and does a good business, 
 being recognized as a thoroughly reliable and 
 responsible man. He has a clientele which has 
 remained steadily with him through a long 
 term of years. 
 
 Mr. DeBruler was married July 6, 1886, to 
 Miss Harriet A. Long, of Wheatland, Ind. 
 
 Milton P. Ghee. 
 
 Milton P. Ghee was born at Thompson, 
 Geauga Co., Ohio, March 3, 1822. He was edu- 
 cated in the schools of that place and at Lord's 
 Seminary, Painesville, Ohio. Mr. Ghee came to 
 Vincennes in 1845 and became a teacher in the 
 schools of Knox Co. In 1847 he was married to 
 Miss Sophia Langdon, of Palmyra Township, 
 who still survives and with whom, in 1897, he 
 celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. 
 Soon after marriage he became Deputy Auditor 
 of Knox Co., under Abraham Smith, in which 
 capacity he continued to serve till 1854. In 
 1856 he bought an interest in the Daily Gazette 
 ami a book and stationery business run In con- 
 nection therewith under the firm name and 
 style of Harvey. Mason & Co., the other mem- 
 bers of the firm being George R. Harvey, still 
 of the city, and James A. Mason, now deceas- 
 ed. Mr. Ghee was city editor and advertising 
 manager of the Gazette. About 1859 the pa-, 
 per was sold to Dr. Hubbard M. Smith and 
 
 Hon. C. M. Allen and Mr. Ghee was retained 
 in the same capacity till the paper later passed 
 under the control of Wm. Denny, in 1860. 
 
 In 1800 Mr. Ghee became Deputy United 
 States Revenue Collector, under Hon. H. i$. 
 Shepard, which position he held for some six or 
 seven years, until the close of Mr. Shepard's 
 term of office. In 1869 he became United 
 States gauger of distilled spirits and so re- 
 mained until 1874. In the meantime he had 
 established himself in a fire amd life insurance 
 business and subsequent to that date devoted 
 himself exclusively to this line. 
 
 Mr. Ghee was in 1854 admitted to the prac- 
 tice of law, but followed the profession but a 
 short time. His first vote was cast in 1844 for 
 Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President. 
 He continued a member of the Whig party till 
 the formation of the Republican party, voting 
 for Fremont in 1856, and adhering consistently 
 to the tenets of that party ever since. Mr. 
 Ghee was the Republican nominee for repre- 
 sentative in the legislature from Knox Co., in 
 1898, and his popularity is attested by the fact 
 that he ran something like 400 ahead of his 
 ticket. 
 
 Mr. Ghee has four children, one son and three 
 daughters. 
 
 Col. George W. McCoy. 
 
 George W. McCoy was born in Knox County, 
 Ind., and attended the schools of the county. 
 He remained on the 
 farm till 1879, when he 
 entered Purdue Univer- 
 sity, from which he 
 was graduated in 1884, 
 taking the degree of B. 
 Sc. On leaving college 
 Mr. McCoy came to 
 Vincenmes. In 1885 he 
 was admitted to the 
 bar, but has not active- 
 ly practiced his profes- 
 sion, having devoted 
 
 himself principally to the business of fire in- 
 surance, in which he has been eminently suc- 
 cessful. In 1889 Mr. McCoy was appointed 
 Captain of Co. A, First Regiment. I. N. G., and 
 in 1892 became major of the same regiment. 
 In December of the same year he was pro- 
 moted to the lieutenant colonelcy. On the 
 declaration of war against Spain, in 1898, the
 
 140 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 First Regiment was mustered into the service 
 of the United States as the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-Ninth Indiana Volunteers, and Col. Mc- 
 Coy went with it to the field. After the close of 
 the war Colonel McCoy was promoted to the 
 colonelcy of the regiment and still holds that 
 commission. 
 
 Col. McCoy was married JMov. 19, 1885, to 
 Miss Gernand, of Danville. 111. They have no 
 children living, having lost a son and a daugh- 
 ter by death in infancy. 
 
 Wm. L. Te Walt. 
 
 Will L. TeWalt was born in Vincennes, Sept. 
 3, 1865, and was educated in the schools of the 
 city, including the uni- 
 versity, which he at- 
 tended for a number of 
 years.. He- subsequent- 
 ly erfterecL the Terre 
 Haute: Commercial Col- 
 lege and was graduat- 
 \, f 'ed therefrom in 1882. 
 His first business was 
 that of breeder of 
 blooded trotting and 
 racing stock, imported 
 German coach horses 
 and hiah grade saddlers, at the same time con- 
 ducting a successful livery business. 
 
 In 1884 he established the Wabash Valley 
 Stock farm, which became famous for the qual- 
 ity of stock it produced. This business he 
 continued till 1892. When he went west and 
 spent one year at Monte Visto, Colorado, as a 
 broker in mining stocks, and also doing a real 
 estate and loan business. Returning to Vin- 
 cennes in 1893 he established his present real 
 estate and insurance business, buying an in- 
 surance business theretofore conducted by Mr. 
 Fred Hall. He has since added to the busi- 
 ness until he now does every species of insu- 
 rance known to this section. He represents 
 seven of the leading fire companies, also Tor- 
 nado. Steam Boiler, Plate Glass, Live Stock, 
 Life and Accident. He also represents the Fi- 
 delity and Deposit Bond Co. His insurance 
 linos have had a steady and satisfactory 
 growth and Mr. TeWalt stands exceptionally 
 high in insurance circles, adjusting losses for 
 his companies in Southern Indiana and Illinois. 
 In the other side of his business, that of real 
 estate find loans. Mr. TeWalt has been equally 
 
 a marked success. He has handled much val- 
 uable property in a way which denotes his pe- 
 culiar abilities in this direction and to give 
 most excellent satisfaction to his clients, and 
 he has reason to pride himself on the character 
 of the clientele he has built up. In the midst 
 of his large business he has yet been able, 
 through bis thorough system, to fiind time to 
 execute numerous trusts imposed upon him in 
 the way of Guardianships, Administration of 
 estates and executorships, in all which capaci- 
 ties he has served most satisfactorily. 
 
 He is a member of a number of fraternal and 
 beneficiary orders, in most of which he holds 
 responsible official positions. He is scribe of 
 Mallnch Court, No. 45, Tribe of Ben HUT, 
 Record and Finance keeper. Vincennes Tent, 
 No. 1-19. K. O. T. M.; chairman of the commit- 
 tee on credentials of the Suprece Council of 
 American Plowmen, of Logansport, Ind. He 
 is also a member of the Masonic fraternity of 
 Vincenntes, and is director and treasurer of the 
 Wabash Building and Loan Association. 
 
 Mr. TeWalt was married Sept. 3. 1884, to 
 Miss Alice, daughter of Dr. John Williams, of 
 Olney. 111. They have one daughter, Miss 
 Leona. 
 
 Maitland A. Claycomb. 
 
 Maitlamd A. Claycomb was born in Lawrence 
 County. Illinois, Nov. 10, 1863, removing to 
 Knox County, Ind., to 
 make his home with 
 his graindparents on the 
 death of his mother, 
 in 1869. He was edu- 
 cated in the schools of 
 Knox County, remain- 
 ing on the farm until 
 23 years of age, when 
 he engaged in , a mer- 
 cantile business at Giro, 
 Gibson County, secur- 
 ing and naming the 
 
 postotfice at that place. Remaining here but 
 six months he removed to Monroe City in May, 
 1887. where he continued in business till Sep- 
 tember. 1900. when he sold his store and came 
 to Vincennes, where he ably represents the 
 Aetna Life Insurance Co., of Hartford, Conn. 
 Mr. Claycomb has always been an earnest 
 worker in the cause of Democracy and was in 
 1896 elected to the state legislature to repre-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STOUY 
 
 141 
 
 sent Knox County, and re-elected in 1898, serv- 
 ing with ability in the sessions of 1897 and 
 
 1899. Mr. Claycomb was married in 1899 to 
 Miss Barbara M. Marchino, daughter of Baltzer 
 Marchino, of Vincennes. They have two chil- 
 dren. 
 
 John Selby. 
 
 John Selby was born on a farm in Spencer 
 County, Ind., where he remained until nine- 
 teen years of age. Af- 
 ter leaving home he 
 spent one and a half 
 years in Indiana Uni- 
 versity at Bloomington. 
 He was then for two 
 years connected with 
 a gents' furnishing 
 store at Mount Pulaski, 
 111. After some years 
 spent in various occu- 
 pations he embarked in 
 the work of life insu- 
 rance, engaging with the New York Life In- 
 surance Co., at Evansville. For this line of 
 work he showed a special talent and was emi-' 
 nently successful from the beginning. Was 
 placed in charge of the Vincennes field in July, 
 
 1900, where he has since been engaged with 
 an energy that has proven most profitable to 
 himself and his company, and has easily dis- 
 tanced all competitors. About the first of 'the 
 year 1902 he was made manager of a district 
 composed of a number of counties, with" head- 
 quarters at Vincennes. 
 
 Carlin Utterback. 
 
 Carlin Utterback, general agent of the Na- 
 tional Surety Company, was born in Clay Coun- 
 ty, Illinois, where he received a common school 
 education, after which, a three years' mixed 
 course in the Vincennes University. 
 
 He became a resident of Vimcennes in-. 1888, 
 since which time he has engaged in the book 
 and stationery, insurance and surety bond busi- 
 ness successively, having now the general 
 agency of Soxithern Indiana for the National 
 Surety Company, of 340 Broadway, IJew York, 
 and transacting a general surety business 
 through a local board, composed of George W. 
 Donaldson and Charles Bierhaus. Vice-Presi- 
 dents; Clarence B. Kessinger, Attorney, and 
 himself Resident Assistant Secretary. 
 
 Mr. Utterback has built up a profitable busi- 
 
 ness and is recognized as one of the leading 
 surety bond men of this section of the United 
 
 States. He is also actively engaged in the de- 
 velopment of the natural adv-afttages of the 
 city, and improvements in the North Side, 
 where he has valuable real estate interests, 
 having recently platted and annexed a subdi- 
 vision of 1JM) desirable residence building lots, 
 where many beautiful cottages are now in 
 course of construction. 
 
 Mr. Utterback was married to Miss Elizabeth 
 Broulette, of Vincennes, October, 1887, and to 
 them have been born one son, Ben, and three 
 daughters, Esther, Catherine and Ruth. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 F. A. Thuis. 
 
 Frank A. Thuis, bottler of soda, cider, seltzer 
 and other "soft" drinks, 15 South Third Street, 
 was born in Vincennles, November 11, 1859. He 
 attended the schools of the city, inculding the 
 High School and Vincennes University. After 
 leaving school he was for a time employed in 
 R. J. McKenney's Bank and then entered the 
 employ of his father, Mr. H. F. Thuis, who con- 
 ducted a confectionery and bottling works. He 
 was later admitted to a partnership in the busi- 
 ness and became sole proprietor in 1895, by 
 purchase from his father. Mr. Thuis enjoys a 
 large city trade and also ships largely over a
 
 142 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 radius of twenty to thirty miles: His goods 
 have a reputation for purity and excellence 
 that makes them popular wherever used. 
 
 Mr. Thuis is a leading member of the Im- 
 proved Order of Red Men of the city, and has 
 held all the important offices of Peankeshaw 
 Lodge, No. 108, of the city. He has for ten 
 years held the office of "Chief of Records" 
 save when filling another office incompatible 
 therewith. He has been for many years chair- 
 man of the Democratic City Central Commit- 
 tee. Mr;- Thuis was, in November, 1884, mar- 
 ried to Miss Mary Raben, of St. Wendel, Posey 
 County, Ind., who conducts a prosperous mil- 
 linery business at No. 217 Main Street. They 
 have three sons and one daughter. 
 
 John B. Zuber. 
 
 John B. Zuber was born in Vincennes, May 
 9, 1858. He was educated at the German 
 Catholic Parochial 
 Schools till ten years of 
 age, whent he went to 
 regular work, driving a 
 team. This he con- 
 tinued to do for several 
 years, assisting to sup- 
 port a widowed mother. 
 Later he worked some 
 two or three years in 
 the poultry house of 
 Bierhaus & Sons. He 
 afterwards became 
 
 weighmaster at the Baltic Mills, then owned 
 by .Louis Schliep. Here he remained for six 
 years, when he embarked in the butcher busi- 
 ness with his brother Joseph, in 1890. In 1895 
 Mr. Zuber bought his brother's interest in the 
 business and now conducts two shops, one at 
 523 Main, and the other at 913 N. Seventh 
 Street. He has his own large and well ap- 
 pointed slaughter house, where his meats are 
 dressed in the very best manner. Mr. Zuber 
 was married in 1878 to Miss Elvira Lovell, of 
 Henderson, Ky. 
 
 A. M. Yelton. 
 
 A. M. Yelton was born in Butler, Pendleton 
 County, Ky., and received 'his education in the 
 schools of that town. After leaving school he 
 learned telegraphy, soon acquiring great pro- 
 ficiency, so much so that at the age of twenty- 
 one years he became train dispatcher on the 
 M. & O. Railroad. This position he held for 
 
 three years. In 1874 he came to Vincennes as 
 agent for the C. & V. and I. & V. Railroads, 
 now the Big Four and Pennsylvania. He con- 
 tinued as such agent for seventeen years, until 
 he entered upon the duties of clerk of the Cir- 
 cuit Court to which office he was elected on 
 the Democratic ticket, in 1890. As circuit 
 clerk Mr. Yeltou gave eminent satisfaction, be- 
 ing at all times courteous and obliging, and his 
 niomination and election to a second term was 
 accomplished without great effort on his part. 
 
 Mr. Yelton is the Democratic nominee for 
 alderman of the Third Ward in the pending 
 campaign. 
 
 Mr. Yelton was married, Dec. 14, 1875, to 
 Miss Carrie J. Shaw, of Alexandria, Campbell 
 Co., Kentucky. They have two sons and one 
 daughter. 
 
 J. C. Wagner. 
 
 John C. Wagner was born in Knox County 
 Nov. 8, 1857, and came to Vincennes in 1872. 
 Learned the jeweler's 
 trade with Bitterman 
 Brothers, who conduct- 
 ed a business at No. 
 206 Main Street. He 
 remained with this 
 firm four years, the last 
 two of which were in 
 Evansville, whither 
 they removed. Mr. 
 Wagner then followed 
 his trade at Freeland- 
 ville about two years. 
 
 In May, 1878, he took employment with Perry 
 Tindolph. with whom he remained till 1889. 
 In February of the latter year he formed a 
 partnership with E. J. Julian, under the firm 
 mime of Julian & Wagner. Their business was 
 located at the corner of Third and Main Streets. 
 This partnership was dissolved in December, 
 1898, and in the following February Mr. Wag- 
 ner established his present business at 429 
 Main, where a upiform courtesy and a careful 
 .study of the wante of his patrons has led to a 
 most satisfactory development, and where he 
 carries a lajjge ?n<d elegant lino of watches, 
 clocks, jewelry, sterling silverware, cut glass 
 and similar goods usually carried by the jew- 
 elry trade. 
 
 Mr. Wagner was married in 1884 to Miss 
 Elizabeth Briggs, of Evansville. They have 
 two children. 

 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 143 
 
 W. H. Propes 
 
 William H. Propes. manager ef the Vincennes 
 branch of the Terre Haute Brewing Co., was 
 born in Lawrence Coun- 
 ty, Illinois, and re- 
 ceived his education in 
 the schools of Law- 
 renceville. His first 
 business experience 
 was as an undertaker 
 in the employ of his 
 father, who was in bus- 
 iness in Lawremceville. 
 Here he remained six 
 years till offered his 
 present position in 
 1892. Since coming to Vincenues in that year 
 Mr. Propes has built up for his company a fine 
 trade, which has necessitated the erection dur- 
 ing the past year of the fine new depot on 
 First Street, which is shown elsewhere. He 
 has taken a high standing among the business 
 men of Vincennes. 
 
 W. A. Reiman. 
 
 William A. Reiman. florist, 104 Sycamore 
 Street, was born in New York City, Feb. 21, 
 1851, and educated in 
 the schools of that city. 
 After leaving the pub- 
 lic schools he attended 
 the Free Academy of 
 the city, from which 
 he was graduated 
 in 1872. His first 
 employment was with 
 the banking house of 
 Kidd. Pierce & Co., 
 fiscal agents of the 
 Wabash Railway. A. 
 
 Boody, president of the railway, was also a 
 member of this concern and through him Mr. 
 Reiman was, when only twenty-two years of 
 age. made a passenger conductor on that road, 
 an occupation which he followed om this and 
 other roads for twenty years, his last position 
 of this kind being on the Frisco, out of Fort 
 Smith. Ark. This he resigned in 1892, to be- 
 come special agent of the Fidelity and Casualty 
 Company on the Texas lines. This, after some 
 years, he resigned to assume the management 
 of the Vincenines Calorific Brick and Tile Co., 
 in which he was financially interested. After 
 two and a half years with the company, he 
 
 bought the green houses and good will of John 
 A. Balmer, which he has since conducted with 
 the exception of two years during which he 
 was again on the road for the Fidelity & 
 Casualty Co. Mr. Reiman has a taste for this 
 line of business and under his management it 
 has had a steady growth which has compelled 
 him constantly to enlarge his houses and in- 
 crease -his facilities, until he now has one of 
 the most complete plants in the state, and a 
 constantly increasing outside demand for his 
 product. 
 
 Mr. Reiman has been twice married, his first 
 wife being Miss Mary Louise Bakeman, of 
 Syracuse. N. Y., to whom he was married in 
 1875. Her death occurred in 1885. He 
 was married to Mrs. Fannie B. Callender, of 
 Vincennes, Dec. 15, 1898. They have one son. 
 
 R. J. Greenhow. 
 
 Richard J. Greenhow was born in Vincennes 
 Feb. 3, 1845. He was educated in the schools 
 of the city, completing 
 his education at the 
 Vinicennes University, 
 from which he was 
 graduated in 1860. His 
 first employment was 
 as clerk in the Vin- 
 cennes postofiice under 
 Dr. H. M. Smith. He 
 subsequently engaged 
 in book and stationery 
 business, buying the 
 business of Capt. Wat- 
 sou when the latter enlisted in the army. The 
 business was resold to Captain Watson on his 
 return from, the war, and on the appointment 
 of Mr. Greerihow to a clerkship in the paymas- 
 ter's department at Washington. He was sub- 
 sequently a clerk in the Pension Bureau. After 
 two years he was assigned to the Commisary 
 Department of the South .and afterwards on 
 the Western frontier, being station^ at Forts 
 Fletcher and Riley, while the famous Custer's 
 Seventh Cavalry was being organized. Mr. 
 Greenhow was well acquainted with all the 
 officers of this famous but ill-fated command. 
 In 18(38 'he returned to Vinicennes and was con- 
 nected with the construction of the I. & V. and 
 C. & V. Railroads under Colonel C. M. Allen, 
 and subsequently became agent for these rail- 
 roads, in which position he remained for some 
 years. For the past twenty years he has been
 
 144 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 engaged in business as a grain dealer. He is 
 the Vincennes correspondent of Gill & Fisher 
 of Baltimore and Philadelphia. Mr. Greenhow 
 was married in November, 1870, to Miss Eliza- 
 beth B. Hays, of Gosport, Ind. They have two 
 sons. 
 
 Samuel Riddle. 
 
 Samuel Riddle was born in Warrick County, 
 Ind., and educated in the schools of that coun- 
 ty. He learned the barber's trade in Oakland 
 City and there followed 
 it for a period of ten or 
 twelve years. He came 
 to Vincentaes in 1896 
 and soon after became 
 proprietor of a leading 
 shop. This business he 
 disposed of in *3ie 
 spring of 1901, and 
 after prospecting for a 
 time for another loca- 
 tion decided there is no 
 place like Vincennes, 
 
 and accordingly bought his present business, at 
 No. 516 Main', where his old friends have 
 quickly found him out. 
 
 Mr. Riddle was married April 29, 1890, to 
 Miss Ida M. Richardson, of Oakland City. They 
 have two children. 
 
 H. J. Hellert. 
 
 Henry J. Hellert was born in Prussia, Ger- 
 many, March 21, 1845. He attended school 
 there until 14 years of 
 age. Came to America 
 with his parents in 1860, 
 at the age of 15 years. 
 They came direct to 
 V in c e n n e s, where 
 Henry obtained em- 
 ployment at various oc- 
 cupations for a time 
 and then was for some 
 years in the employ of 
 the E. & T. H. Rail- 
 road, at first on a work 
 train, and the last two years as fireman. In 
 1866 he embarked in the saloon< business at 
 Eleventh and Main Streets, a year later moving 
 to 1003 Main. In 1868 he erected the build- 
 ing at the corner of Tenth and Main Streets 
 where he has since continued in business. In 
 1870 Mr. Hellert added a grocery department 
 
 which he continued to conduct for ten years. 
 In 1880 he began the business of bottling Hack 
 & Simon's beer, which he continued for 16 
 years. In the spring of 1895 lie embarked in 
 the wholesale liquor trade, in which he has 
 since done a thriving and profitable business at 
 Tenth and Main, and later also at 6 and 8 North 
 First Street, having bought, in 1899, a business 
 long conducted there by S. Gimbel, and after 
 his death by his 'heirs. 
 
 Mr. Hellert was married in 1870 to Miss Lucy 
 Althoff, of Vincennes. They have two sons 
 living and one daughter recently deceased. 
 
 A. S. Reel. 
 
 Abe S. Reel was born in Palmyra Township, 
 Knox County, Indiana, Oct. 22, 1843. Was 
 educated in the schools 
 of the county and at 
 Otterbein University of 
 Westerville, O. Though 
 but eighteen years of 
 age when the war of 
 the Rebellion broke 
 upon the country, he 
 was early to the front, 
 enlisting in the Seventh 
 Battery, Indiana Light 
 Artillery, in 1861. He 
 continued in the ser- 
 vice till the end of the war. The Seventh be- 
 longed to the artillery brigade commanlded by 
 General Terrell, who was killed at Perry ville, 
 Ky,. It took an active part in nine battles of 
 considerable importance, including Shiloh, 
 Chickamauga and Stone River, and in 168 
 skirmishes, more or less bloody. In the last 
 battle in which it was engaged, Jonesboro, Ga., 
 the brigade lost every third man. 
 
 Mustered out of the army ini December, 1864, 
 Mr. Reel entered Otterbein University, at 
 Westerville, Ohio, where he remained two 
 years and then returned to the farm. While 
 remaining on the farm Mr. Reel devoted much 
 of his time to saw milling for ten or twelve 
 years; also to tubular wells. He removed to 
 Vincenntes in 1895, embarking in business as a 
 plumber and contractor. Later he bought the 
 building at 114 Main Street, where the busi- 
 ness is located. 
 
 Mr. Reel has always been prominent in 
 church work. Was for twenty years an elder 
 in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and 
 for five years in the Presbvterian Cturch, of
 
 MNCENNE3 IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 145 
 
 which he is still a member. Was for three 
 years county superintendent of Sunday school 
 work and three years townsihip superintendent. 
 
 He was, in December, 1901, elected com- 
 mander of Jeff. C. Davis Post, No. 16, G. A. R., 
 of the Department of Indiana, located at Vin- 
 cennies. 
 
 Mr. Reel was married Jan. 2, 1867, to Miss 
 Martha V. Pea, his present wife. They have 
 live daughters. 
 
 Joseph Kitchell. 
 
 Joseph Kitchell was born in Springfield, Ohio, 
 Aug. 13, 1851, and attended the schools of that 
 city. When twenty 
 years of age he came to 
 Indiana and located at 
 Patoka, where he 
 learned .the trade of 
 shoemaker and fol- 
 lowed that occupation 
 till 187t', when he re- 
 moved to Vincennes, 
 where he has dince re- 
 sided.^ Mr. Kitchell 
 has recently patented a 
 device to take the place, 
 of the hook fastener, so largely used on shoes,;,, 
 and his invention is highly commends! by shoe 
 men, many of whom believe it will displace the 
 hook and thus prove a most profitable discov- 
 ery 4 Our subject has always been a stanch 
 Republican and one of the most faithful work- 
 ers in the party. 
 
 Mr. Kitchell was married in May, 1882, to 
 Miss Lizzie Flood, of Vincennes. They have 
 one son and one daughter. 
 
 E. Yunghans. 
 
 Emil H. Younghans was born in Saxony, Ger- 
 many, Aug. 13, 1855. Came to America in 
 1871, to Vincennes in 1876, having spent the in- 
 tervening time at Terre Haute. Mr. Yunghans 
 learnted the trade of cigar maker in Germany 
 and established his factory here in the year 
 1876 in a small building on the present site of 
 the Vincennes Implement & Carriage Co. 
 In 1877 he removed to a building at 325 Main 
 Street, where he remained till 1883, when he 
 purchased the lot and erected and occupied 
 the building at present in use, at 409 Main. 
 Mr. Younghans employs an average of five 
 men in his factory and manufactures a num- 
 ber of popular brands of hi^h grade cigars, in- 
 
 cluding "Little Cubans," "No. 150," etc. He 
 also makes a number of private brands for Job- 
 bers and other dealers, in which line he has 
 quite an extensive and growing trade. 
 
 Mr. Younghans was married in 1878 to Miss 
 Julia Kolb, of Vincennes. They have a fam- 
 ily of ten children living. 
 
 H. S. Latshaw, D. D. S. 
 
 Dr. Henry S. Latshaw, dentist, was born at 
 Ottawa, Illinois, May 14, 1846, and when about 
 eight or nine years of 
 age removed with his 
 mother to Evansville, 
 Ind., where he attended 
 the public schools for a 
 time, ' but being com- 
 pelled by^circumstances 
 to support a widowed 
 molber and three 
 younger children, his 
 educational acquire- 
 ments are chiefly due 
 to his- own persevering 
 labors at leisure moments and the assistance 
 of a friend: At the age of 17 he took up the 
 study of dentistry under Dr. Isaiah Haas, of 
 Evans.ville, under whom he studied for seven 
 years, the kind-hearted doctor knowing the 
 stern necessities of his case, paying him a small 
 salary, contrary to the usual practice in such 
 cases, increasing it from time to time as his in- 
 creasing usefulness warranted. At the age of 
 twenty-two years Dr. Latshaw struck out for 
 himself, going to Carlisle, Ind., where he met 
 and on June 8, 1869, married Miss Nannie E.. 
 Sullivan. The doctor continued to practice his- 
 profession with success 1 at Carlisle till 1881, 
 when he removed to Petersburg, Ind., where he 
 engaged in drug business, Having a half inter- 
 est in two stores. He was doing a prosperous 
 anfd promising business, when misfortune over- 
 took him and in a twinkling the accumulations 
 of years were wiped out by fire. About 1884 
 he came to Vincennes and for about ten months 
 was in charge of a drug store for W. A. 
 Markee, after which he again took up the prac- 
 tice of dentistry, which he has continued to the- 
 present time, building up a large practice, 
 
 Dr. Latshaw Is a member of a large number 
 of fraternal and beneficiary societies, in all of 
 which he is prominent. He is an Odd Fellow, 
 a Knight of Pythias, member of the Encamp- 
 ment, IT. R. K. P., Daughters of Rebecca, I. O.
 
 146 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STOKY 
 
 R. M., A. O. U. W., Tribe of Ben Hur, The 
 Escenic Order and the Noble Order of Buffa- 
 loes, being a charter member of Herd No. 1, 
 and, as the doctor says, "last but not least, a 
 Prince of the Orient." He is P. C. and Rep. 
 of Dioscuri Lodge, No. 47, K. of P., and has held 
 the office of Master of Finance since Janiuary, 
 1893. Has been financier of Vincennes Lodge, 
 No. 29, A. O. U. W., since January, 1893, keeper 
 of the Wampum in I. O. R. M., since 1897. He 
 also held the office of keeper of tribute of Mal- 
 luch Court, T. B. H., one term, and is now drill 
 master of the degree team of that court. 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Latshaw have two children liv- 
 ing, Mrs. A. J. Firnhaber, of Evansville, and 
 Frank H. Latshaw, of the city. 
 
 McJimsey's Opera House. 
 
 The Mc-Jimsey Opera House is the successor 
 of Green's Opera House, which was first built 
 in 1860 'by William 
 Green. The building 
 was burned in 1885 and 
 rebuilt by Mr. Green 
 the same year. The 
 property was bought by 
 J. T. McJimsey and 
 name changed, in 18s.">. 
 It has a seating capaci- 
 ty of 1250^ including the 
 balcony. The stage is 
 large $nd commodious' 
 being' 45x75 feet aOd fit- 
 ted with every modern convenience for the 
 proper staging of the drama and the conven- ; 
 ient shifting of scenery. The auditorium is ele- 
 gantly finished, decorated and furnished and its 
 acoustic properties are all that could be de- 
 sired. 
 
 The manager, Mr. Frank Greeru, is a veteran, 
 having been for twenty years manager of this 
 house, save during an interim of two years, 
 when he was a resident of Indianapolis. Mr. 
 <Jreen knows a good thing in the way of a 
 dramatic organization when) he sees it and 
 bears well in mind the demands of his patrons, 
 so that Vincennes has no dearth of that which 
 is really good in the way of entertainment. 
 Careful of a well earned and well established 
 ivputation for discernment and veracity in con- 
 n"ction with the stage, Mr. Green does not reck- 
 1 ssly advertise that as good which is in reality 
 in different and the patrons of McJimsey The- 
 ater have learned to rely with confidence on his 
 
 recommendations. No city of its size in the 
 United States enjoys a higher class of theatri- 
 cal performances than does Vincennes. 
 
 John Hack. 
 
 John Hack was born in Hesse Darmstadt in 
 1842. Came to this country with his parents 
 when five years of age. 
 settling at Adrian, 
 Mich., where our sub- 
 ject attended the 
 public schools, and 
 made his home until 
 1861, when he enlisted 
 in Company B, 47th 
 Ohio infantry, and was 
 mustered into the Unit- 
 ed States service June 
 15, 1861, and remained 
 in! the service till 
 Aug. 20, 1864. While engaged in running the 
 rebel blockade at Vicksburg, May 3, 1863, Mr. 
 Hack, with his command, was captured and 
 lay in Libby prison until Oct. 14, when he was 
 exchanged and rejoined his regiment two days 
 before the battle of Missionary Ridge, in which 
 he participated. From here his regiment went 
 to the relief of Burnside at Knoxville, winter- 
 ing at Chattanooga. In the Atlanta campaign, 
 which followed, Mr. Hack's command was in 
 more than a dozen battles during the ensuing 
 six months. He was mustered out before At- 
 lanta, Aug. 2, 1864, after three years and two 
 months' service. Returning to Adrian, Mich., 
 he jwrent to work in a machine shop and fol- 
 lowed his trade for a number of years. In 
 1876 he came to Vincennes as foreman of the 
 old O. & M. round house, where he remained 
 eleven years. During this time he served four 
 years, 1885-89, in the City Council, from the 
 Fifth Ward. On the building of the water 
 works Mr. Hack erected the machinery and 
 served as engineer for a time. He then ac- 
 cepted a position as foreman of the machine 
 shops of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific 
 Railroad, at Trenton, Mo., where he remained 
 eleven years, returning to Vincennies in October, 
 1900, to embark in the oil business. He is pro- 
 prietor and manager of the Vincennes Oil Co., 
 which is doing a lively and growing business at 
 wholesale and retail. 
 
 Mr. Hack was married Oct. 24, 1864. to Miss 
 Dell F. Cooli\v. of Adrian, Mich. They have 
 two daughters and onte son.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 147 
 
 Frank Lieberman. 
 
 Frank Lieberinan was born in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, July 1, 1854, and was educated in the 
 schools of that city and those of Evansville, to 
 which place his parents removed when) he was 
 eleven years of age. He there learned the 
 trade of bookbinder, which he followed for six 
 or seven years. In 1875 he came to Vincennes 
 and established himself in business as book- 
 binder and stationer, first at 403 Main Street, 
 
 . 
 soon after removing to 504 Main, where he 
 
 remained eight years, removing to his present 
 location, 500 Main, in 1884. In addition to 
 stationery Mr. Lieberman deals in pictures and 
 frames and kindred specialties. His bindery, 
 which turns out a large variety of first-class' 
 work, is often taxed to its utmost capacity tor 
 meet the demands made upon it. 
 
 Mr. Lieberman was married in 1881 to Miss? 
 Sarah. Kapps, of Vincennes. They have one 
 son living and one daughter dead. 
 
 Wm. Davidson. 
 
 William Davidson, booka and stationery, 425 
 Main Street, was born in County Antrim, Ire- 
 land, Oct. 24, 1833. After receiving a good edu- 
 cation in the schools of that county he learned 
 the jeweler's trade and with his widowed 
 mother anid brother, when in his twentieth 
 year, he came to America, locating in Darke, 
 one of the Western Reserve counties, Ohio. He 
 worked at his trade for a time at Sidney. Ohio, 
 and then, after spending some time in travel, 
 took an engagement with the firm, of Clayton 
 & Jenkins, of Cincinnati, the largest wholesale 
 jewelers in the West at that time. Here he re- 
 mained two years and then came west on a call 
 to Princeton, Ills., where he worked at his 
 trade for about one year. From there he went 
 to Oskaloosa, Iowa, arriving there by stage in 
 March, 1856. Here he remained till February 
 of the following year, when he decided to turn 
 with the tide to Kansas. He embarked in busi- 
 ness at Leavenworth, Kansas, where he had a 
 flourishing trade for over seven years. Mr. 
 Davidson relates that he became a citizen of 
 that state, and there cast his first vote, which 
 was done viva voce. In 1864 he disposed of 
 his business there and, finding himself pos- 
 sessed of a goodly sum of money, looked about 
 for a time and finally decided to locate in Vin- 
 cennes. On Oct. 24. 1864, the 31st anniversary 
 of his birth, he bought a book and news business 
 
 which had been established at 217 Main Street. 
 After a short time he removed to No. 207 Main 
 Street. Two or three years later he rented 
 the store at No. 314 Main Street, where he con- 
 tinued in busintess something like thirty years, 
 until Jan. 1, 1901, when he removed to his pres- 
 ent location, No. 425 Main, where he handles a 
 general line of school and miscellaneous books, 
 school supplies, blankbooks, stationery, etc., 
 and in addition conducts a general news 
 agency, handling the dailies and all the stand- 
 ard magazines and periodicals. 
 
 Mr. Davidson was married, Jan. 17, 1865, to 
 Miss Mary E. Piquett, of Cincinnati, who de- 
 parted this life on the 2d day of October, 1901, 
 leaving two daughters. 
 
 CITY OFFICERS. 
 George E. Greene, Mayor. 
 
 George E. Greene, mayor of the city, was born 
 and reared in Vincennes. His father, George 
 E. Greene, bought the 
 Western Sun in 1854, 
 and continued to pub- 
 lish it until his death, in 
 1870. Mr. Greene at- 
 tended the public 
 schools and also St. 
 John's College, Dayton. 
 Ohio, and Cecilian Col- 
 lege, near Elizabeth- 
 town, Ky. He entered 
 the office of the "Sun" 
 in 1873, where he 
 
 learned the trade of compositor, which he fol- 
 lowed in Vincennes, varying it with reportorial 
 and editorial work, until 1882, when he accepted 
 a position on the Courier-Journal of Louisville. 
 Ky. Here he remained one year. Returning 
 to Vincennes he was engaged in newspaper 
 work until 1886,- when! he was elected city 
 clerk, and to this office he was twice re-elected. 
 In 1894 Mr. Greene was elected mayor of the 
 City of Vincennes and re-elected in 1898, being 
 now in the eighth year of his service as mayor. 
 Mr. Greene is an able man and has made a con- 
 servative an'd safe chief magistrate, while at 
 all times ready to do whatever may be done 
 for the advancement of the interests of the city.
 
 148 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Photo by Shores 
 
 Thomas Eastham, Treasurer. 
 
 Thomas Eastham was born in Nelson County, 
 Ky., February 25, 1835. After leaving the pub- 
 lic schools of Bardstown he attended 
 St. Joseph College, of the same place. 
 His father was engaged in the stage 
 business, conducting a line from Louis- 
 ville to St. Louis, via Vincennes, and 
 after leaving school our subject identi- 
 fied his interests with those of his 
 father. Vtacennes being the half-way 
 point and therefore a convenient one 
 for headquarters, they removed to this 
 place in 1851. They conducted a daily 
 line, one coach arriving, one departing 
 every twenty-four hours from each end 
 of the line. The time to St. Louis was 
 thirty-six hours, frequent changes of 
 horses being made at relays of ten or 
 twelve miles each, along the route. 
 This business was continued till 1838, 
 when the O. & M. Railroad going into 
 operation rendered it unprofitable. It 
 required no less than 300 horses to 
 meet the demands of the line. Messrs. 
 Eastham & Son subsequently conduct- 
 ed a livery business for a- time and 
 then embarked in the lumber business, 
 having large saw and planing mills to 
 which was later added a furniture 
 factory. Mr. Isaac N. Eastham, fath- 
 er of our subject aind senior member 
 of the firm, dying in 1868, the latter 
 continued the business some thirteen 
 years longer, till 1891, when it was dis- 
 
 and at McKendree College, of Lebanon, 111. He 
 became a teacher and taught in the schools of 
 Illinois for a period of four years, after which 
 
 continued and property sold to the O. & M. 
 Railroad, whose freight depot was erected on 
 its site. 
 
 Mr. Eastham then retired to 'his farm near 
 the city, where he remained till the year 1896. 
 In the spring of 1897 he was elected treasurer 
 of the city, which office lie still holds and to 
 which he has been renominated by the Demo- 
 cratic Party in the pending campaign. 
 
 Mr. Eastham was married in 1801 to Miss 
 Jane Burnet, of Vincennes. They have four 
 children. 
 
 Daniel Bonner, President Met. Police Bd. 
 
 Daniel L. Bonner was born at Montfort, 
 Grant County, Wisconsin, March 12, 1856. He 
 was educated in the public schools of Carlyle, 
 Illinois, to which place his father had removed, 
 
 CITY HALL-Built J886, Fourth and Main 
 
 he came to Vincennes and was for one year 
 book-keeper at the Atlas Mills. He was then 
 book-keeper five years for E. Bierhaus & Sons, 
 wholesale grocers, subsequently traveling one 
 year for the same firm. He then became a 
 traveling salesman for Hulman & Co., import- 
 ers and jobbers, of Terre Haute, and has since 
 continued in that connection. He is also large- 
 ly engaged in the general merchandise busi- 
 ness, owning and conducting a store at Decker, 
 Knox County, and another at Hazelton, Gibson 
 County, Indiana. 
 
 Mr. Bonner has always been a staunch and 
 uncompromising Republican in politics and a 
 worker in behalf of the party principles. He 
 has on several occasions been pressed forward 
 by his frienids for high political preferment, be- 
 ing strongly endorsed for Bank Examiner in
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 149 
 
 1896, and in 1898 came within one and one-half 
 votes of being the Republican nominee for Con- 
 gress, Judge Gardner, of Washington, having 
 won the nomination by that narrow margin. 
 His merit was in some degree recognized by 
 
 <Gov. Durbin. who in 1901 appointed him metro- 
 politan police commissioner for three years. 
 On the organization of the board Mr. Bonner 
 was elected chairman and has continued to 
 hold that position to the present time. 
 
 Mr. Bonner was married in 1877 to Miss Ara- 
 tine Ludington. of Cleveland. Ohio. They have 
 one son, Leonard, who is manager of the Hazel- 
 ton store, and two daughters. Miss Anne Lucile, 
 now in college, and Miss Clara Bernice, at 
 home. 
 
 (For biographies of Messrs. Gardner and Tin- 
 dolph, the other members of the board, see un- 
 der business heads elsewhere.) 
 
 Thomas L Robertson, late Capt. Police. 
 
 Thos. Robertson was born in Vincennes, Nov. 
 4, 1854, and attended the schools of this city. 
 After leaving school he worked for a time on 
 a farm. He then learned the printer's trade, 
 working at the case for some nine years. In 
 1888 he became riding deputy sheriff under 
 Dr. McDowell. This position he resigned after 
 two years to become deputy city marshal under 
 Frank Johnson, in November. 1890. This posi 
 tion he filled most acceptably for over seven 
 years, when he was. in 1898. elected to the of- 
 
 flrst term in this office when, by the passage 
 of the metropolitan police law, the office was 
 abolished and he was by the commissioners 
 made captain on the new force, May 1, 1901. 
 Captain Robertson has a clean record as a po- 
 lice officer, being sober, active, fearless and ef- 
 ficient, and deserves well at the hands of the 
 appointing power. The captain is the regular 
 Democratic nominee for city clerk in the ensu- 
 ing May election. 
 
 Captain Robertson was married in 1880 to 
 Miss Emma Sellers. They have three daugh- 
 ters. 
 
 (Since the above was written, Captain Rob- 
 ertson has resigned the captaincy and is making 
 the race for city clerk with strong prospects of 
 election.) 
 
 Ayers J. Taylor. 
 
 Ayers J. Taylor was born in Jassamine Coun- 
 ty, Kentucky, Oct. 5, 1849. His father, who 
 was a slave-holder, dis- 
 posed of his slaves and 
 other property and re- 
 moved to Boone Coun- 
 ty, Indiana, in 1854, and 
 here the son was reared 
 and educated. In 1863, 
 at the age of 14 years, 
 he enlisted in the 116th 
 Indiana Volunteers and 
 served thence to the 
 close of the war of the 
 Rebellion, having twice 
 re-enlisted, and seeing some hard service. His 
 first active service was in the campaign for the 
 repulsion of Morgan from Indiana. After the 
 war Mr. Taylor was for nineteen years con- 
 nected with a circus and with it visited every 
 section of the union. He came to Vincennes in 
 1890. After tending bar for some years he 
 embarked in saloon 1 business for himself in 
 1895. In 1896 Mr. Taylor became an independ- 
 ent candidate for member of the City Council 
 from the First Ward, but was defeated by a 
 small plurality. In 1898 he was the regular 
 Democratic nominee by almost two to one ma- 
 jority, and was elected by a majority of thirty- 
 eight votes in the election a few weeks later, 
 im a ward that had been very close in previous 
 elections. In the council Mr. Taylor is always 
 active, energetic and eloquent in advocacy of 
 measures which meet his approval, and often 
 
 fice of marshal. He was in the midst of his A takes the initiative in important legislation.
 
 150 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Mr. Taylor was married in 1880 to Miss Hul- 
 da Carr, of Providence, R. I. 
 
 Jere Hershey, City Engineer. 
 
 Jere Hershey was born in Martinsburg, Pa., 
 Oct. 15, 1839. He moved with his parents to 
 Wabash County, Illinois, when a small boy, 
 and received his edu- 
 cation in the schools of 
 that county. For ten 
 years Mr. Hershey 
 taught in the schools of 
 Wabash and Lawrence 
 Counties 111., and Knox 
 County, Ind., coming 
 to Vincennes in 1865. 
 He was one year with 
 Chas. S. Kabler, civil 
 engineer, and then be- 
 came county surveyor 
 for one year. In May, 1871, he. was elected 
 city engineer and has held the office continuous- 
 ly since that date, having been many times re- 
 .elected. His official services have given emi- 
 nent satisfaction. 
 
 Mr. Hershey was in 1863 married to Miss 
 Martha J. Jackmam, of St. Francisville, 111. 
 They have one son living, Mr. Joseph B. Her- 
 slit'V, civil engineer, Vimcennes, and who was 
 for six years county surveyor of Kuox County. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 Frank Horsting, Trustee. 
 
 Frank Horsting was born at Coefield, near 
 Munster, Westphalia, Prussia, January 31, 1831. 
 He came to this coun- 
 try with his parents 
 when fourteen years of 
 age. They took ship at 
 the port of Bremer- 
 haven in a sailing ves- 
 sel and were exactly 
 eight months on the 
 sea, arriving at the port 
 of New Orleans. Soon 
 after landing they came 
 to Vincennes, where 
 he has since resided. 
 His father located on a farm near the city and 
 Frank worked ?t various occupations, including 
 six months 5m a tan yard conducted by John C. 
 Holland. He finally learned the trade of shoe- 
 maker, which he followed for eighteen years. 
 
 He then embarked in saw mill business on the- 
 river front at the site of Harrison Park in Vin- 
 cennes. This he continued for some years and 
 then formed a partnership in the grocery busi- 
 ness with Chas. G. Mathesie, under the firm 
 name of Mathesie fc Horsting. They were lo- 
 cated at 205 Main Street. After about two and 
 one-half years, Mr. Horsting bought his part- 
 ner's interest. He continued the business for 
 about seven years till 1884, when he sold the 
 grocery and went into boot and shoe business, 
 which he continued for two years. In 1886 Mr. 
 Horsting was elected trustee of Vincennes 
 Township and served four years in this capaci- 
 ty. He then engaged in the lumber business, 
 which he conducted for four years. At the end, 
 -of that time he closed this out and became a 
 salesman in the grocery store of John Burke, 
 and after the death of Mr. Burke he managed 
 the store for^Vlrs. Burke until it was sold to 
 Wm. Tromley in 1900. In November, 1900, Mr. 
 Horsting was again elected trustee of Vin- 
 cennes Township, the duties of which office 
 now occupy his time and attention. 
 
 Mr. Horsting was married in 1856 to Miss 
 Mary A Knirihn. They have nine children liv- 
 ing and two dead. 
 
 Edward Weisert, J. P. 
 
 Edward Weisert was born in kingdom of 
 Wurtemberg, Germany, July 21, 1839. He wa 
 educated at Heilbronn 
 Government School. 
 Came to this country 
 with two sisters, in 
 1857, when 18 years of 
 age. Landing in New 
 York, they were met by 
 Charles M. Weisert, a 
 brother, who had pre- 
 ceded them and who- 
 was already located in 
 Vincennea, where they 
 soon after joined him. 
 
 After about a month Edward departed for New 
 Orleans. La., where he found employment and' 
 where he remained until the capture of the citj 
 by the government forces in 1863. Here he 
 was a member of the French Legion, a home- 
 guard organized for the protection of the city 
 in case of a negro uprising. Colonel Reauch- 
 ereaux. After the capitulation of New Or- 
 leans, Mr. Wt'isert took ship for New York, 
 but the vessel was pressed into service of the-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 151 
 
 government as a dispatch boat and sent to Key 
 West and other points, greatly extending the 
 voyage. Finally reaching New York, he re- 
 mained there three years, two of which were 
 spent in the Cooper Institute. He then spent 
 one year in the oil regions of Pennsylvania as 
 superintendent of wells for a large New York 
 oil company. In 18(30 he returned to Vincennes, 
 where he has since resided. He was engaged 
 in general merchandise and lumber business; 
 was also largely interested in agriculture, own- 
 ing and conducting four farms. lu 1887 Mr. 
 Weisert engaged in real estate and loans, which 
 business he has followed to the present time. 
 In the summer of 1901 he was appointed a jus- 
 tice of the peace. 
 
 Mr. Weisert was in 18(37 married to Miss Eliz- 
 abeth Gerard, of New Orleans, La., who de- 
 parted this life Feb. 2(5, 1901. They had ten 
 children, of whom seven are living. 
 
 E. A. Baecher, J. P. 
 
 Engelbert A. Baecher was born in Bavaria, 
 June 22, 1845, and educated at the seminary of 
 Eichstaedt, a government school, a certificate 
 of graduation from which entitled the holder to 
 a position in the government service for life. 
 
 Being graduated at the age of 18 years, he en- 
 tered the government service, but after one and 
 a half years' service decided to come to Amer- 
 ica. Reaching our hospitable shores in 1865, 
 he decided to take a course of instruction in one 
 
 of our schools, and accordingly entered St. Vin- 
 cent's College, Pennsylvania, where he passed 
 the first year's work and was graduated in 
 18(37. He taught three years in the schools of 
 York, Pa., coming thence to Louisville, Ky., 
 where he was principal of the Third Ward 
 school for six years. From Louisville Mr. 
 Baecher came to Vinc-ennes and was for five 
 years principal of the German Catholic schools. 
 Was then for one season superintendent for the 
 Western Mining Co. In 1881 Professor Baecher 
 erected the brick store at the corner of Sixth 
 and Main Streets, adding 'the remainder of 
 Baecher Block in 1895. 
 
 Prof. Boecher was editor and proprietor of the 
 Vincennes Post, published in both English and 
 German, from 1892 to 1898. 
 
 Feb. 10, 1899, Prof. Boecher was appointed 
 justice of the peace, an office which he h%s con- 
 tinued to fill most satisfactorily to the present 
 time. He has made a record which has never 
 been equaled in the county and probably not In 
 the state. Of more than 1,300 cases heard and 
 decided in his court, the squire has the satis- 
 faction of knowing there have been biit sixteen 
 appeals from his decisions and of the cases ap- 
 pealed, not one has been reversed in the higher 
 courts. 
 
 In the midst of a very busy life Squire 
 Baecher has found time to cultivate a musical 
 talent far above the average. He has produced 
 more than 200 musical compositions, both vocal 
 and instrumental, of a high order of merit. 
 
 Mr. Baecher was married at York, Pa., to 
 Miss Mary E. Pheffer, on the 14th day of 
 August, 1871, and they celebrated their thirtieth 
 anniversary (or as the squire jocosely says, "the 
 thirty years' war") in August, 1901. They have 
 four sons and two daughters. 
 
 COUNTY OFFICERS. 
 Louis C. Summit, Sheriff. 
 
 Louis C. Summit, sheriff of Knox County, was 
 born in this county Sept. 19, 1801. Educated in 
 the schools of the county, he remained on 
 the farm on which he was born and 
 reared, having bought the interests of 
 the other heirs after his father's death, con- 
 ducting the business till the year 1898. when ho 
 bought the Green livery stable on Broadway, 
 between) First and Second Streets, and re- 
 moved to the city. This he conducted till 1000.
 
 152 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 The campaign for the Democratic nomination 
 for the shrievalty in the spring of 1900 was 
 hotly contested, there being no less than six 
 candidates in the field. 
 Mr. Summit was nom- 
 inated by a good plural- 
 ity and was duly elect- 
 ed to the office in No- 
 vember following. He 
 has always been a 
 stanch Democrat of the 
 Jacksonian type. So 
 ardent is his admira- 
 tion of "Old Hickory" 
 that his first son was 
 named for the doughty 
 old hero. 
 
 Mr. Summit was married Nov. 16, 1887, to 
 Miss Mattie Traylor, of Petersburg. They have 
 two children. 
 
 James F. Lewis, County Clerk. 
 
 James F. Lewis was born in Pauquier Coun- 
 ty, Virginia, July 29, 1853. When he was 12 
 years of age he took up 
 his residence with a sis- 
 ter in St. Louis and re- 
 ceived the principal 
 part of his education in 
 the schools of that city. 
 After leaving sc'hool 
 Mr. Lewis learned tele- 
 graphy, which he fol- 
 lowed, for fifteen years, 
 largely on the L., E. & 
 St. L. Railroad, of 
 which he became cash- 
 ier and paymaster. This position he resigned 
 in 1882 and became book-keeper for Joseph 
 Pollock, of the Broadway Mills, in Vincennes. 
 After Mr. Pollock's death, Mr. Lewis succeeded 
 to a partnership in the business, the firm being 
 composed of Dawsou Blackmore. of Cincinnati; 
 Thomas Borrowman. of Vincennes: J. C. Me 
 Kinzie, of Montgomery, Ala., and Mr. Lewis, 
 under the firm name of Blackmore & Co. In 
 18!)2 Mr. Lewis retired from the mill, but con- 
 tinued to deal in 1 grain till in February, 1899, 
 when he entered upon the duties of the office 
 of clerk of Knox County, to which he had been 
 elected in November. 1898. Mr. Lewis was 
 married. Feb. 3, 1873, to Miss Elizabeth Pol- 
 lock, of Vincennes. They have one son, Harry 
 
 II. Lewis, of the firm of Daily & Lewis, attor- 
 neys. 
 
 James D. Williams, Auditor. 
 
 James D. Williams was born on a farm in 
 Harrison Township, Kn>ox County, Aug. 25, 
 1863. After leaving the 
 public schools he at- 
 tended Purdue Univer- 
 sity for several years, 
 taking a special course. 
 He engaged :n farming, 
 which he has continued 
 to the present time, 
 though, of course, since 
 his election to office, he 
 has resided in the citf. 
 Mr. Williams is a 
 breeder of short-horn 
 
 cattle and Poland China hogs and has s,qme of 
 the highest prize winners in the United States. 
 Mr. Williams has always been a staa^i-and 
 consistent Democrat. He is a grand sqn of 
 Hon. James D. Williams, who was governor of 
 the state, 1877-1891, dying just before /the, ex- 
 piration of his term of office. 
 
 Mr. Williams was married in September, ^885, 
 to Miss Martha A. Nicholson, of Steen Bpwn- 
 ship, Kuox County. They have five sons and 
 one daughter. 
 
 Charles A. Weisert, Treasurer.; 
 
 
 
 Charles A. Weisert was born in Vincennes on 
 the seventh day of January, 1860. He was 
 educated in the city 
 schools of Vincenues 
 and was graduated 
 from the St. Louis Uni- 
 versity in June, 1878. 
 He was first employed 
 as book-keeper for his 
 father, Mr. C. A. Weis- 
 ert, wholesale grocer 
 and pork packer. After 
 the death of the latter, 
 in 1880, lie became time- 
 keeper for constructors 
 
 of Toledo, Cincinnati and St. Louis,, and later 
 for the Chicago, Springfield & St. Louis Rail- 
 road. Subsequently for ten months he was en- 
 gaged on the coast and geodetic siii'vey, in the 
 employ of the united States' . government. 
 The appropriation for this work having been 
 exhausted and the work ceasing. Mr. Weisert
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 153 
 
 turned his attention to the business of expert 
 book-keeper and accountant. In November, 
 1891, he was appointed deputy auditor of Knox 
 County, under C. H. DeBolt, which position he 
 held for four years. During the year 1896 Mr. 
 Weisert was clerk of the Democratic State Cen- 
 tral Committee, to the duties of which position 
 he devoted almost his entire time. On the 
 election of W. H. Vollmer to the treasurership, 
 in 1896, Mr. Weisert was made deputy treas- 
 urer of Knox County, wliich position he held 
 until he succeeded to the office of treasurer, to 
 which he was chosen at tke election of 1900. 
 
 Mr. SVeisert was married, Oct. 17, 1893, to 
 Miss Julia O'Daniel, of Owensboro, Ky. They 
 have one son. 
 
 Dr. Henry W. Held, Coroner. 
 
 Dr. Henry W. Held, coroner of Knox County, 
 was bora in Vincennes, July 30, .1870. He was 
 educated in the schools 
 of the city and attended 
 Ohio Medical College, of 
 Cincinnati, from which 
 he was graduated in 
 1894, entering on the 
 practice in Vincennes 
 soon thereafter. Dr. 
 Held is a Democrat in 
 politics and was elected 
 coroner on the Demo- 
 cratic ticket in 1898 and 
 re-elected in 1900. 
 Dr. Held was married in June, 1895, to Miss 
 Amelia Buschiflg, of Vincennes. They have one 
 daughter. 
 
 Peter Phillippe, Superintendent Schools. 
 
 Peter Pbillippe, county superintendent of 
 schools, was born on a farm near Bicknell, 
 Knox County, March 6, 
 1863. Was principally 
 educated In the schools 
 of Bickn'ell. Became a 
 teacher in the schools 
 of Knox County, and 
 followed that occupa- 
 tion for a period of 
 eight years. He was 
 elected superintendent 
 of schools in June, 1891, 
 and re-elected in 1899, 
 having held over in 
 1895 and '07. bv failure of the board to elect. 
 
 Mr. Phillippe is a thorough and accomplished 
 educator and has devoted his time and talents 
 to the schools of the county, to their great ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Mr. Philippe was married, May 15, 1897, to 
 Miss Lettie A. Heuring. They have tive 
 children. 
 
 John M. Stork, Assessor. 
 
 John M . Stork was born in Knoz County, near 
 Petersburg, Sept 12, 1863. He attended school 
 in Petersburg, and also attended the Central 
 Normal School at Dan- 
 ville. He became a 
 teacher in the schools 
 of Knox County and 
 was so engaged for six 
 years. In 1896, Mr. 
 Stork was elected as- 
 sessor, and came to the 
 city the following 
 spring to enter upon 
 the discharge of his of- 
 ficial duties. In June, 
 1898, Mr. Stork bought 
 the interest of Robert Mayfield in the abstract 
 business of Pennington and Mayfield, and has 
 since been actively connected therewith. 
 
 Mr. Stork was married, Se^t. 13, 1893, to Miss 
 Anna Garner, of Keensburg, 111. They have 
 three children. 
 
 Frank P. Emison, Recorder. 
 
 Frank P. Em\son was born< May 20, 1864, and 
 reared on a farm in Palmyra Township, Knox 
 County, Ind., and was 
 educated in the schools 
 of that township and at 
 Vincennes University. 
 On leaving school. Mr. 
 Emison returned to the 
 farm, wliere he con- 
 tinued to reside until 
 after his election to the 
 office of recorder of 
 deeds, in 1898. Mr. 
 Emison has always 
 been a consistent advo- 
 cate of the doctrines of Democracy and a work- 
 er in the councils of the party, and as a reward 
 for his services was. as already intimated, 
 elected to the office of recorder of Knox Coun- 
 tv in 1898. an office whose duties he has dls-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 charged to the entire satisfaction of his consti- 
 tuents of all parties. 
 
 Mr. Emisou was, in 1894, married to Miss 
 Mattie Root, of Vincennes, but a happy life of 
 four years was rudely broken wfren' death 
 claimed Mrs. Emison on the 28th day of May, 
 1898. 
 
 John E. Rogers, Surveyor. 
 
 John E. Rogers, surveyor of Knox County, 
 was born in Rush County, Ind., April 27, 1860. 
 When he was eight years of age his parents re- 
 moved to Edwardsport, 
 where he attended the 
 public schools. He also 
 attended the high 
 school of Washington, 
 Ind. He subsequently 
 attended the Normal 
 School at Danville, Ind., 
 taking a thorough teach- 
 er's course. Mr. Rog- 
 ers became a teacher in 
 the schools of the 
 county, teaching six- 
 teen terms. In 1895 he embarked in the cloth- 
 ing business, which he continued till elected 
 surveyor in 1898. In his early youth Mr. Rog- 
 ers had a fondness for mathematics and took 
 up the study of surveying when 14 years of 
 age, devoting more or less time to it during the 
 years spent in the school room. 
 
 Mr. Rogers was married in 1893 to Miss Lula 
 Hill, of Lawrence County, Illinois. They have 
 two children. 
 
 W. H. Pennington, County Attorney. 
 
 William H. Pennington was born in Palmyra 
 Township, Knox County, Ind., June 18, 1855. 
 He was educated in the schools of Vincennes 
 and in the State Normal School at Terre Haute. 
 He taught school for ten years in Knox County, 
 devoting his leisure time to reading law un- 
 der direction of Cobb & Cobb. He was elected 
 county superintendent of schools in 1883, and 
 served four years in that capacity. In 1887 
 Mr. Pennington embarked with E. B. Milam in 
 a book and stationery business, under the firm 
 name of Milam & Pennington. This he dis- 
 posed of at the end of two years, and in "1892 
 entered on the 1 practice of law, which he has 
 continued to the present time, combining with 
 it an abstract business, which has reached large 
 proportions. Mr. Pennington has always been 
 
 a Democrat, and since 1890 has been chairman 
 of the County Central Committee of his party. 
 He has served as county attorney since 1897. 
 Mr. Penuingtpn was married Aug. 21, 1880, to 
 Miss Annie C. Shively, of Edwardsport, Ind. 
 They have three children. 
 
 Frederick Samonial, President Board of 
 Commissioners. 
 
 Fred Samoniel was bom in Floyd Co., Ind. r 
 Dec. 31, 1839. When Fred was seven yeirs or 
 of age his father re- 
 moved ' to Louisville, 
 where he grew to man- 
 hood and where he was 
 educated. He learned 
 the trade of harness 
 maker which he follow- 
 ed for some years. In 
 the fall of 1858 he re- 
 moved with his father 
 to Mt. Carmel, ill., 
 where his father estab- 
 lished a tannery. Fred 
 
 didn't take kindly to the tannery amd accord- 
 ingly followed various occupations for some 
 years, including stage driving for more than 
 a year. Subsequently he spent some time in 
 Evansville, ooming to Vincennes in 1863. His 
 first employment here was as a teamster, 
 which occupation he followed for about a 
 year. He then for about the same length of 
 time drove cattle for a firm of government 
 beef contractors. He was" then employed as 
 driver for 1 the Adams Express Co. for a year 
 and by the American Express Co. for about 
 the same time. In 1870 he became superin- 
 tendent of teams for Frank Fay, who did a 
 general transfer business. This position he 
 held for five years. In 1876 he established 
 himself in the transfer business in which he 
 has since been engaged. In 1882 he was elect- 
 ed trustee of Vincennes township and ^e-elect- 
 ed in 1884, serving till 1887. In that year he 
 embarked in the coal business in which hy is 
 still engaged. In 1894 he was elected county 
 commissioner and has served continuously 
 since that time. Mr. Samoniel has always been 
 a consistent Democrat. He is a. member of the 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 Mr. Samoniel was, on February 13, 1873, mar- 
 ried to Miss Bridget Quinn. They have four 
 children.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 155 
 
 Henry Frederick, Commissioner. 
 
 Henry Frederick was born Oct. 2, 1837, in 
 Washington township, Knox County, Indiana, 
 where he attended the public schools. He re- 
 mained under the parental root' until twenty- 
 three years of age, when he bought land nar 
 his father's farm and embarked in business for 
 himself. On this farm he continued to reside 
 until 1895, when he returned to Bruceville, 
 where he now resides. Mr. Frederick was a 
 successful farmer and succeeded in providing 
 a comfortable competency for his declining 
 years. He was elected County Commissioner 
 in 1898 and re-elected in 1900. He had pre- 
 viously served as trustee of Washington town- 
 ship. 
 
 Mr. Frederick was married, in 1861, to Miss 
 Mary E. Hollingsworth, who died in 1894. He 
 has two children. 
 
 John W. McGowen. Commissioner. 
 
 John W. McGowen was born in Gibson Coun- 
 ty, Ind., December 10, 1849. His father became 
 a citizen of Knox County and young John at- 
 tended the public schools of this county. His 
 parents both dying when he was quite small, 
 he was reared an orphan among strangers. 
 But John had in him the metal that makes a 
 way for its possessor, and, notwithstanding 
 the difficulties under which he labored he was 
 able in 1877 to buy a farm in Johnson Town- 
 ship, on which he has since resided, making a 
 comfortable living. In 1890 he was elected 
 trustee of Johnson Township and held that of- 
 fice for five years. He was elected County 
 Commissioner iai 1898. He has always been a 
 Democrat in politics. 
 
 Mr. McGowen was married in 1877 to Miss 
 Ella G. Berdlow. They have four children. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS, PRINTERS AND PUB- 
 LISHERS. 
 
 Daily and Weekly Commercial. 
 
 The Vinceimes Weekly - Commercial was 
 established in 1878 by S. F. Horrall & Sons, 
 formerly of Washington, Irid., who moved here 
 and established a republican newspaper. The 
 Commercial was quite a success from the start, 
 and in 1880 the Horralla established the Daily 
 Commercial. 
 
 This paper had an active career during the 
 presidential campaign in 1880. In 1881 the 
 entire plant was sold to the Commercial Print- 
 ing Co., a stock company organized of the lead- 
 ing republicans of Knox County, and the 
 Messrs. Horrall retired from the field. 
 
 The new company took charge in February, 
 1881, and continued the publication of the Com- 
 mercial until April, 1882, when the plant was 
 sold to Thomas H. Adams, the present proprie- 
 tor, who has been sole owner and publisher 
 ever since. 
 
 The Commercial is issued in three editions, 
 Daily, Weekly and Sunday. Shortly after Mr. 
 Adams as'sumed control, the ; Sunday edition 
 was started and has been in successful opera- 
 tion since. 
 
 The Commercial is recognized by the frater- 
 nity everywhere as one of the most successful 
 county seat newspapers in Indiana. It has a 
 good, substantial circulation, and is the Repub- 
 lican organ of Knox County. 
 
 There have been republican newspapers pub- 
 lished in Vincennes at various times for over 
 a half a century. During the war the repub- 
 lican organ was the Vincennes Daily Gazette. 
 This paper was published for a great many 
 years until Jts proprietors sold it to those who 
 changed its name and afterwards published it 
 as an independent newspaper. 
 
 In the 70s the republicans were without an 
 organ for several years, until the establishing 
 of the Vincennes Commercial in 1880 by Mr. 
 Horrall. Since that time the republicans have 
 had in the Commercial an active, energetic and 
 aggressive organ. 
 
 Thomas H. Adams. 
 
 Thomas Henry Adams, publisher and pro- 
 prietor of the Vincennes Daily and Weekly 
 Commercial and post- 
 master of Vincennes, 
 was born at the little 
 town of Grand Rapids, 
 on the Auglaize River, 
 in Paulding County, 
 Ohio, July 19, 1860. His 
 father, Rev. Josiah Ad- 
 ams, was of English 
 birth and was in the 
 forties married to Miss 
 Elizabeth Wykes, of 
 Norttiamptonshire,Eng- 
 land, soon afterwards coming to America.
 
 156 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AJSD STORY 
 
 Rev. Adams became a member of the Northern 
 Ohio M. E. Conference and was engaged in the 
 ministerial work in the bounds of this confer- 
 eiice at the date of his death, in 1865. 
 
 Thomas H.. on account of the limited re- 
 sources of tiie family, was early compelled to 
 leave school and seek employment to assist }n 
 the support of his widowed mother. He en- 
 tered a printing office, where a natural aptitude 
 .and that energy and pluck which have charac- 
 terized him in later life and enabled him to 
 -triumph over difficulties that would have con- 
 quered a less resolute spirit, came to his assist- 
 .ance and he advanced rapidly in his calling. 
 At the age of sixteen he published a small 
 weekly paper at the town of Edwardsport, in 
 Knox County Ind. Later he became editor and 
 publisher of the Lancaster Free Press and Re- 
 publican, at Lancaster, Ohio. Here he met 
 with reasonable success and, in 1882, purchased 
 the Vincennes Daily and Weekly Commercial, 
 becoming a resident of the city. Though its 
 field in the beginning was a liimted one and its 
 .struggle for an existence in a democratic 
 stronghold was a hard one, he was equal to the 
 occasion, and now has one of the best news- 
 paper properties in the state. 
 
 In addition to his newspaper, Mr. Adams is 
 largely interested in a number of other busi- 
 ness enterprises of. considerable magnitude, in- 
 cluding a popular proprietary medicine line. He 
 has for a number of years been a member of 
 the board of trustees of Vincenrnes University 
 .and is a trustee of the First M. E. Church of 
 the city; was during the year 1901-2 president 
 of the Pastime Club, the leading club of the 
 city. 
 
 Though always active in politics and a lead- 
 ing member of the local committees, and at 
 different times of the state committees, he has 
 never been a seeker after political preferment, 
 and has never held any public office until ap- 
 pointed postmaster by President McKinley, in 
 1897. He was in 1901 reappointed and con- 
 tinues to hold that office. He was chairman of 
 the Republican Congressional Committee of 
 the Second District in 1888 and 1890. He was 
 also a member of the advisory board of -the Re- 
 publican State Committee in 1898 and 1900. 
 
 Mr. Adams was, in October, 1879, married to 
 Miss Irene, daughter of J. Thornton Willis, of 
 Knox County. They have one son, Chester 
 TV., who will this year be graduated from Cul- 
 
 ver Military Academy, and one daughter, Miss 
 Dola. 
 
 Daily and Weekly Sun. 
 
 The Western Sun proudly dates its origin 
 back' to the early days of the 19th century, 
 when, in 1804, Elihu Stout, a young man of 
 energy and capability, transported an outfit on 
 pack mules from Frankfort, Ky., and on July 
 4, of that year, issued his first edition of the 
 "Indiana Gazette." Mr. Stout in 1807 lost his 
 plant by fire and the paper was for a short time 
 suspended, but, a new plant 'having been pro- 
 cured,, it again appeared on the fourth of July, 
 1807, as the "Western Sum" Mr. Stout's con- 
 nection with the paper continued, with the ex- 
 ception of one year, until 1845, when it was 
 sold to John R. Jones, Mr. Jones and his 
 brother William continued the publication till 
 1849, wnen it was for a time suspended. It 
 was resuscitated under the name of "Jones' 
 Vinceunes Sentinel." It soon afterward be- 
 came the "Indiana Patriot, in the hands of 
 James J. Mayes. Later it again changed own- 
 ers and became the "Vincennes Courant." In 
 1856 the plant was- purchased by George E. 
 Greene, a practical newspaper man, who re- 
 vived the original name and soon placejd it on 
 a paying basis and continued its publication 
 till his deatb, in 1870. ( In that year, by admin- 
 istrator's sale, the paper became the property 
 of Gen. R. C. Kise, who, with Dr. Andrew J. 
 Thomas, continued its publication till tihe death 
 of Gen. Kise, in 1873, when it passed into the 
 hands of Dr. Alfred Paton, by whom, three 
 years later, it was sold to Royal E. Purcell, 
 who has since owned and conducted it with 
 marked success. The Daily Edition of the Sun 
 was established by Mr. Purcell in 1879. The 
 Western Sun- is a seven-column, eight-page 
 paper and the daily a seven-column, four-page 
 paper. It occupies a three-story brick building 
 at 119 Main Street, owned by the proprietor. 
 
 Royal E. Purcell. . 
 
 Royal E. Purcell was born in Knox County, 
 Ind., July 26, 1849, both parents likewise being 
 natives of this county, his grand-parents having 
 immigrated from Virginia. After leaving the 
 public schools Mr. Purcell taught in the schools 
 of the county for a time and afterwards attend- 
 ed Hanover College, from which school he was 
 graduated in the year 1874. taking the degree 
 B. Sc., receiving the degree of A. M. in 1883.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 He studied law for a time, but his purchase 
 of the Western Sun in 1876 led him into the 
 journalistic profession, so that he has since de- 
 voted his entire time to that line of work and 
 with eminent success. Publishing a leading 
 organ of his party (Democratic), Mr. Purcell 
 has of necessity been' high in its councils and 
 was in 1898 elected to the state senate. In the 
 senate he was an untiring worker and was 
 largely instrumental in securing tne passage of 
 
 a number of bills, among them the bill to re- 
 imburse the Vincennes University for funds 
 diverted from it to state uses. The bill was, 
 however, subsequently vetoed by Governor 
 Mount, was again introduced at the session of 
 1900 and passed the Senate but failed in the 
 House. 
 
 Mr. Purcell was a member of the City Board 
 of Education, 1891-3, and is a member of the 
 Board of Trustees of Vincennes University, 
 also of Hanover College. He was in 1883 a 
 member of the World's Fair Board for Indiana. 
 He was chosen a member of the executive com- 
 mittee of the National Editorial Association, 
 and president of the Indiana Editorial Asso- 
 ciation in 1899. He was postmaster at Vin- 
 cennes in 1893-97. 
 
 Mr. Purcell has been twice married: first to 
 Miss Mary Pidgeon, of the cuy, who died in 
 1880. In December, 1886, he was married to 
 Miss Georgie Wise, of the city. They have 
 five children. 
 
 W. B. Purcell. 
 
 William B. Purcell, son of William and 
 Sophia (Beckes) Purcell, was born in Knox 
 County. He attended, 
 the common schools 
 during winter and 
 worked on the farm 
 during summer months. 
 Later he taught school. 
 He was married to- 
 Miss Mary D. McCord, 
 of Vincennes, in Au- 
 gust, 1874. He located 
 on a farm and con- 
 tinued with marked 
 success in this business 
 
 till 1886, when he moved to Vincennes to ac- 
 cept the business management of the Vincennes 
 "Sun," a position he still retains. Mrs. Purcell 
 died July 24, 189 1. Mr. Purcell's family con- 
 sists of four daughters, Misses Mabel, Robert- 
 ine, Delia anld Mary. Two children died in 
 infancy. 
 
 Aside from his duties in the management of 
 a newspaper, Mr. Purcell is extensively en- 
 gaged in farming, owns a large area of fine 
 farming land in the vicinity of this city and 
 drives out weekly to look after his landed in- 
 terests, all of which he manages in a practical 
 and profitable way. 
 
 Daily and Weekly Capital. 
 
 The Vincennes Weekly "Capital" was estab- 
 lished by George M. Cook in the spring of 1899, 
 its first edition bearing date February 24, and 
 was issued from 207 Main Street. Early in 
 the following year Mr. Cook formed a stock 
 company with an authorized capital of ten 
 thousand dollars and interesting a number of 
 prominent citizens of the county, began the 
 publication of the Daily "Capital," an evening 
 paper, of which the first edition was issued on 
 the 26th of February, 1900. The capital had 
 much to contend with m making Its way into 
 the esteem of the people of Vincetfnes, but the 
 manager, Mr. Cook, succeeded in placing his 
 paper on n. sure fixating, where it is a recog- 
 nized force in the business affairs of the city 
 and countj. On the fifth of March the Capital 
 became the property of a company composed 
 of Perry D. Green, Frank W. Curtis and John 
 R. Du Kate, who have been connected with it 
 in editorial and reportorical capacities, Mr. 
 Curtis since its inception.
 
 158 
 
 VIXCEXXES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Perry D. Green. 
 
 Perry D. Green was born in Vincennes, Ind., 
 Aug. 2, 1876, and was educated . in the Vin- 
 cennes University. Inl 1894 he-removed to In- 
 dianapolis and in 1895 accepted a position in 
 the clerical department of the Western Union 
 
 Telegraph Company. In this department he 
 held several positions. Mr. Green resigned 
 July G, 1901, and two days later associated him- 
 self with the Vincennes Capital. He is a son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Green- and belongs to 
 a family that is well' known throughout the 
 southern part of the state. 
 
 THE NEWSGATHERERS 
 
 The names of the r.ewsfratherel*8 al>ovp, reading from left to right, be.irinning at top of cut. are as fol- 
 lows: A. B. Brouilette, Commercial; J. R. DuKate. Percy D. Green, Capital; Joseph I. Mdentzer, Sun; 
 Frank W. Curtis, Capital; George IMelj Democrat; L. V. Tucker, Sun; R. F. Weenis, Commercial. 
 
 Within a few weeks after the above cut was made radical changes in the relations of a number of the 
 young men to their papers have occurred. Messrs. Curtis, Green and DuKate ha\'e become proprietors 
 of the Capital, and Messrs. Weems. Tucker and Piel have severed their connection with their 'papers. Mr. 
 \Veems had beeu 19 years with the Commercial, and Mr. Tucker a number of years with the Sun.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 159 
 
 Frank W. Curtis. 
 
 Frank W. Curtis was born Sept. 8, 1868, at 
 Albion, 111., and after graduation from High 
 School served apprenticeship in' the Albion 
 Journal office; later was employed as foreman 
 on the Alt Veruon Register, and for one year 
 managed the publication of the News at 
 Lawrenceville, 111. He became a resident of 
 Vincennes in 1899. and has served as city edi- 
 tor of Daily Capital since its first number. In 
 1898 was married to Miss Flora Andrus, a tal- 
 ented musician and teacher, of Mt. Carmel. 
 Airs. Curtis has been teacher in the free public 
 kindergarten ever since its establishment in 
 Vincennes. 
 
 Air. and Airs. Curtis are active members of 
 the Presbyterian Church and because of their 
 musical talent are prominent in the club and 
 social circles of the city. 
 
 John Ralph DuKate. 
 
 John Ralph Du Kate was born in Wheatland, 
 Ind., March 24, 1881, and is a son of Dr. John 
 B. Du Kato, a prominent physician, who re- 
 moved to Vtacennes in 1895, and lias since re- 
 sided here. Ralph attended the public schools 
 here, including the high school, and subsequent- 
 ly the university. In October, 1900, he took a 
 position as reporter on the Daily Capital and 
 has been connected therewith shice that date. 
 
 The Knox Co. Democrat. 
 
 The Knox County Democrat, Weekly, was 
 established in 1893. It is Democratic in poli- 
 tics. The publishers are Alessrs. Gerard and 
 Quigle. It has a good circulation throughout 
 the county. 
 
 The National Era. 
 
 The National Era. the Populist organ of 
 Southern Indiana, is published by A. L. Harbi- 
 son, who has for a number of years )>een promi- 
 nent in Populist circles. It was established in 
 1890. It has been an. able and industrious ex- 
 ponent of the doctrines of that party. 
 
 A. V. Crotts. 
 
 Alfred V. Crotts was born in Jackson Coun- 
 ty, Ind., and educated in the schools of Vin- 
 cennes, to which city his father removed. Mr. 
 Crotts learned the printer's trade with the 
 Western Sun when conducted by Mr. George E. 
 Greene, continuing his connection there for ten 
 years. In 1879 Air. Crotts bought the plant of 
 the old Vincenn'es Times and established a job 
 
 business, which he has continued to the pres- 
 ent time, building up a fine patronage in this 
 and adjoining counties. Being himself a 
 thorough master of the printer's art and a 
 thorough business man, he has been- able to 
 meet the demands of his custom in a way that 
 has resulted in a constant and healthy growth. 
 He now has one of the most complete and 
 thoroughly equipped job offices in Southern In- 
 diana. Keeping abreast of the times ini all 
 that pertains to the business, including styles 
 and type faces, he is never at a loss to meet the 
 requirements of a patron. He has a large 
 battery of jobbers run by power and all other 
 needed machinery, and is always ready to meet 
 any competition. 
 
 H. B. Hitt. 
 
 Harvey Brace Hitt was born and reared in 
 Vinceunes and educated in its schools. His 
 first experience in a 
 business way was as a 
 carrier on the Vin- 
 cennes Daily Commer- 
 cial, a morning paper, 
 and the stuff of which 
 he is made is exempli- 
 fied in the fact that, be- 
 ginning this not over 
 pleasant work at the 
 age of nine years, he 
 continued it for a peri- 
 od of nine years. Being 
 possesed of a mechanical genius and a desire 
 to earn money for himself, he, in 1892, when 
 but a small boy, organized the "Hitt Printing 
 Company," interesting in the venture some of 
 his juvenile friends and using a room in his 
 father's residence as an office. Working be- 
 tween school hours under Harvey's supervi- 
 sion, and by dint of industry at solicitation as 
 well as in doing the work, they built up a trade 
 that brought them not a little income. In 1901, 
 having added to the business that of the manu- 
 facture of rubber stamps, the company rented 
 office room in the Bishop Block under the name 
 of The Hitt Printing and Rubber Stamp Co. 
 The business flourished to such an extent that 
 they were compelled to seek enlarged quarters 
 and they are at present occupying large and 
 commodious rooms above the postoffice, at Sec- 
 ond and Busseron Streets. Radical changes 
 having been made in the firm. Mr. Hitt is now 
 in full control and management of the busi-
 
 160 
 
 YINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 ness. Mr. Hitt's success is an example of 
 what may be accomplished by pluck and perse- 
 verence, coupled with a head for business. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 DR. KNAPP'S SANITARIUM 
 
 Especially equipped for treating diseases of Eye, Ear, Nose and 
 
 Throat. Twenty beds, modern operating and office rooms, 
 
 Turkish and Electric Baths, Massage Treatment. 
 
 Corner Fourth and Broadway. 
 
 Dr. L. M. Beckes. 
 
 Dr. Lyman M. Beckes was born on a Knox 
 County farm, Jxily 26, 1862. He attended the 
 district school during 
 the winter and worked 
 for his father on the 
 farm during the sum- 
 mer, until eighteen 
 years of age. In Sep- 
 tember, 1880, he enter- 
 ed the Vincennes high 
 school, taking the latin 
 course. From this school 
 he was graduated June 
 15, 1883, with a high 
 record of scholarship on 
 
 account thereof being valedictorian of his class. 
 The next day after graduation young Beckes 
 accepted a position on the staff of the Daily 
 Sun. This he filled acceptably during the sum- 
 mer mouths, but having a well-formed purpose, 
 in the following October he entered Chicago 
 Medical College and begin the study of medi- 
 cine. At the cloue of his first term here he be- 
 came a student under Dr. W. B. Fletcher, of 
 Indianapolis. This resulted in his matricula- 
 tion at the Indiana Medical College, of which 
 his preceptor was a leading professor. From 
 this school he was graduated in March, 1887, 
 
 and was chosen president of the Sydenham So- 
 ciety of the Indiana Medical College. In his 
 struggles to this date Dr. Beckes had master- 
 ed all difficulties and had twice been honored, 
 as valedictorian', jut now began the real strug- 
 gle, the battle of life. The result is so well 
 known it is unnecessary here to say more than 
 that the doctor's victories and triumphs did not 
 end with his school life. 
 
 1'n 1896, at a time when the doctor was over- 
 whelmed by an extensive practice, he cast it 
 aside and went east, devoting another year to 
 study and research for the latest and most ad- 
 vanced ideas and practice as taught by emi- 
 nent physicians in the hospitals and polyclinic 
 of New York City. Before returning home, 
 accompanied by Mrs. Beckes he crossed the 
 Atlantic and made a tour of England, Scotland, 
 France and Belgium. 
 
 On his return home he resumed his practice 
 and the demand for his professional services 
 has "been all that he could desire, leaving him 
 small leisure for the amenities of life. 
 
 Dr. Beckes is eminently practical and observ- 
 ing in his practice. During the past ten years 
 he has devoted much time and energy to the 
 perfecting of a remedy to be used by local ap- 
 plication. He recognized this as of great im- 
 port and believed it would be possible to per- 
 fect local medication to a degree that would 
 result in great good. That he has met with 
 abundant success many of our citizens can te<- 
 tify. Without entering into details, suffice it 
 to say that he has perfected a local remedy 
 (Zenol), which is as near a specific for inflam- 
 mation as has ever been found for any disease. 
 Unlike many discoveries in the field of medi- 
 cine the doctor declined to reap a special per- 
 sonal benefit in a financial way by throwing 
 about his discovery the protection of the pa- 
 tent office and gave the profession its full bene- 
 fit by making public the formula. 
 
 Dr. Beckes has been several times honored 
 by the appointing power. He was secretary of 
 the City Board of Health for two years, exam- 
 ining surgeon on the pension board, a position 
 which he resigned before going east in 1896, 
 and county health official, a trust which he still 
 holds. He also held the office of coroner for 
 four years. He has foeero for many years and 
 is now medical examiner for many of the lead- 
 ing life insurance companies. As an evidence 
 of the esteem in which Dr. Beckes is held
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 161 
 
 abroad as well as at home, we mention the fact, 
 generally known, that within the past year he 
 has been offered several positions of trust and 
 emolument, one of which was a high official 
 position, carrying with it a salary of $6,000 per 
 annum. None of these, however, offered any 
 temptation to the doctor, even temporarily to 
 divorce himself in any degree from his pro- 
 fession, to which he is as loyal and devoted as 
 to the good woman he chose for the sharer of his 
 life's joys and sorrows, when, May 25, 1891, he 
 plighted his troth to Miss Helen L. Staub, of 
 Terre Haute, Indiana. As in all other under- 
 takings Dr. Beckes had succeeded, so in the 
 matter of choosing his life partner he made no 
 mistake. Brilliant, beautiful and womanly, she 
 is an artist of acknowledged talent, and settled 
 as they are in the beautiful home shown else- 
 where, it need not be said they are happy, pro- 
 gressive and successful. Two beautiful chil- 
 dren have blessed this union. The first, Irving 
 Wadsworth, died in infancy, but Marlin Lyman, 
 born April 6, 1899, serves to complete the hap- 
 piness of this well ordered home, which is the 
 culmination of a zealous and honorable strug- 
 gle for some of the good things of life. 
 
 Dr. H. M. Smith. 
 
 Dr. Hubbard M. Smith was born at Win- 
 chester. Kentucky. Sept. 6, 1820, and was edu- 
 cated in the schools of that county. He left 
 school at the age of fourteen years and learned 
 the saddler's trade, which he followed for some 
 five or six years and then took up the study of 
 medicine, bearing his expenses while reading 
 by teaching in the public schools. In 1844 he 
 attended the medical department of Transyl- 
 vania University. He then entered upon the 
 practice of his profession at New Liberty, Owen 
 County, from there going to Warsaw, Ky. 
 After some two or three 
 years he entered Star- 
 ling Medical College, at 
 Columbus. Ohio," from 
 which place he was 
 graduated with honors 
 In 1849. Immediately 
 after leaving this school 
 Dr. Smith came to Vin- 
 cennes and entered 
 upon the practice and 
 has since been actively 
 engaged here. 
 
 Dr. Smith was married, in 1846, to Miss 
 Nannie W., daughter of Gen. Edmund Pendle- 
 ton, of Clark County, Ky. Mrs. Smith died in 
 1895. Five children survive. Two of Dr. 
 Smith's sons have attained distinction in the 
 diplomatic service of the United States gov- 
 ernment The doctor's eldest son, Edmund VV. 
 P. Smith, died while in the service as consel 
 general, at Bogota, Columbia, South America, 
 and acting minister to that country. Another 
 son, Hubbard T., after having served as clerk 
 in both the war and treasury departments, was 
 appointed to a clerical position with the Beh- 
 ring Sea commission; was subsequently vice 
 cotinsul at Paris, Prance, and later at Constan- 
 tinople. In 1898 he was appointed vice consul 
 at Kobe, Japan. From here he was transferred 
 to Canton, China, in charge of the consul's of- 
 fice. On the appointment of Commissioner 
 Rockhill he became his secretary, a position 
 which he still holds. Dr. Smith was appointed 
 postmaster of Vincennes by President Lincoln, 
 in 1861, and continued to hold the office till 
 1869. He is president of the Board of Trus- 
 tees of Vincennes University, :beiug in point of 
 service the oldest member of that body. He 
 also held the position of examining surgeon un- 
 der the pension bureau for about twelve years. 
 The doctor has always had a taste for literary 
 pursuits, and in the midst of a busy profession- 
 al career has found time to write much for pub- 
 lication, a number of the more prominent mag- 
 azines and periodicals having made demands on 
 his talent in this direction. In 1898 he publish- 
 ed a delightful little volume of poems, entitled. 
 "At Midnight and Other Poems." He is a 
 charter member of the Western Writers' Asso- 
 ciation, whose annual meetings have been held 
 at Winona, Minnesota, for the past eight years, 
 having been held previously at Indianap- 
 olis. The conventions of this society form a 
 delightful occasion of reunion for the members 
 and usually cover a period of about five days. 
 The doctor is prominently identified with the 
 medical fraternities, is a Republican in politics, 
 and a member of the Presbyterian church. He 
 is also the oldest living member, in point of 
 continuous connection therewith, of the Ma- 
 sonic lodge of Vincennes, having joined the 
 same by demit from the Warsaw, Ky., lodge 
 in 1849.
 
 162 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Dr. S. Hall. 
 
 Dr. Silas Hall was born in Wood County, Va., 
 now West Virginia, July 29, 1849. He was edu- 
 cated at Ohio Univer- 
 sity, Athens, Ohio. He 
 entered the Physio-Med- 
 ical institute, of Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, from which 
 he was graduated in 
 1875. Dr. Hall entered 
 upon the practice in 
 Ohio, but after a short 
 time removed to Law- 
 renceville, Illinois, 
 where he remained six- 
 teen years. In 1891 he 
 took a post-graduate course at Columbus Medi- 
 cal College at Columbus, Ohio. He removed to 
 Vincennes in 1893, where he has since prac- 
 ticed his profession, his practice in Vincennes 
 and vicinity covering a period of more than 
 twenty-five years. Dr. Hall was, in March, 
 1878, married to Miss Ella I. Flander. They 
 have two daughters and one son. 
 
 Drs. Maxedon & Somes. 
 
 The firm of Maxedon & Somes, Dctors 
 Thomas H. Maxedon and Joseph F. Somes, 
 physicians and burgeons, was formed in Jan- 
 uary, 1900, for the general practice of medicine 
 and surgery, giving special attention to female, 
 rectal and chronic diseases; also diseases of the 
 eve. ear. nose and throat. They have offices at 
 No. 120 North Fourth Street, fully equipped for 
 the treatment of all diseases in the line of their 
 specialties. 
 
 THOMAS H. MAXEDON. 
 Thomas H. Maxedon was born near Paoli, 
 Ind., Aug. 13, 1861. Received a general educa- 
 tion in Paoli and Or- 
 leans high schools, af- 
 ter which he entered 
 the Hospital Medical 
 College, the medical de- 
 partment of the Uni- 
 versity of Kentucky, 
 from which he was 
 g r a d u at e d In June, 
 1887. After practicing 
 his profession for a 
 time at Heathsville. 111., 
 he took a post-grad- 
 
 uate course in the New York Polyclinic in 
 1891. In 1898 Dr. Maxedon visited Europe and 
 received post-graduate instruction at Vienna, 
 Austria. On his return he took a post-gradu- 
 ate course at Philadelphia. He entered upon 
 the practice in Vincennes in January, 1899. The 
 doctor is official surgeon to Post H.> T. P. A. 
 
 Dr. Maxedon was. married Sept. 26, 1889, to 
 Miss Mary A. Duncan, of Flat Rock, Illinois. 
 They have two children. 
 
 JOSEPH F. SOMES. 
 
 Joseph F. Somes was born in Vincennes, De- 
 cember 18, 1864, and 1 educated in the schools of 
 the city. After leaving 
 school Dr. Somes was 
 for seven years in drug 
 business in the city. He 
 then entered Rush Med- 
 ical College, of Chicago, 
 from which he was 
 graduated in February, 
 1889. He first located 
 at Lindsborg, Kansas, 
 where he remained five 
 years, returning to Vin- 
 cennes in 1895. In 1900 
 
 Dr. Somes took a post-graduate course at New 
 York Post-graduate Hospital, in diseases of 'the 
 eye, ear, hose and throat, Avhich are his special- 
 ties. 
 
 Dr. Somes was married, January 5, 1892, ta 
 Miss Ray Lamer, of Lindsborg, Kansas. They 
 have one son. 
 
 Dr. William T. Von Knappe. 
 
 Dr. Wilhelm T. von Knappe was born at Co- 
 lumbus, Ohio, September 15, 1845. His fam- 
 ily were of the most aristocratic at the capitol 
 of the Buckeye State. He is the eldest son> of 
 the Hon. Horace S. Knappe, the eminent jour- 
 nalist and historian w r ho was editor of the '"'Cin- 
 cinnati E'nquirer" during the Mexican war, the 
 first .editor of the "Ft. W T ayne (Ind.) Times 
 and Sentinel,'' "Ohio Statesman," author of 
 "The History of the Maumee Valley," etc., etc. 
 He was named in honor of Dr. William Trevitt, 
 chief surgeon on General Taylor's staff during 
 the Mexican War, and afterwards auditor of 
 state. He is a lineal descendant of Baron Wil- 
 helm von Knappe, with the coat of arms of the 
 Red Cross and the Imperial Eagle. His mother 
 was the great grand daughter of Lord Robert 
 Mac Gee Mac Brenton, of Scotland; coat of
 
 V1NCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 163 
 
 anus. lion, thistle and star in a garlaud. Dr. 
 Von Knappe was educated at HejTs Female 
 Seminary, Vermillion Institute, University of 
 Norm- Dame du Lac, and University of Leipsic. 
 He studied m.dk-im' with Drs. Trovitt & Daw- 
 
 son of Columbus, O., and was graduated at Star- 
 ling Medical College; attended two six-months 
 courses at Chicago Medical College and was 
 graduated at the New York University. He 
 spent a year in the hospitals of Dublin, Edin- 
 burgh, Berlin, Vienna and Leipsic. While in 
 Europe he had the distinguished honor of be- 
 ing presented to Queen Victoria and of attend- 
 ing a Masonic Lodge presided over by the heir 
 apparent to the English crown. 
 
 He received a medal for bravery and skill in 
 cholera, from the Royal Legion; was commis- 
 sioned by Gov. Flemming of Florida, for suc- 
 cess in the treatment of yellow fever; also held 
 a commission under Gov. Claude Mathews, of 
 Indiana. He is an elder of the Presbyterian 
 Church; an Ancient Uniformed Patriarch, I. O. 
 O. F.; a member of Star Lodge, No. 7, K. of P.; 
 a member of die Royal Arcanum; a Past Com- 
 mander of Knights Templars; a 32^ Mason; 
 a Mystic Shriner and an honorary member of 
 the Masonic order of Pilgrim Knights of Jeru- 
 salem, Palestine. 
 
 The doctor is a convert to the Homeopathic 
 school of medicine, in which he was graduated. 
 
 He was married at the Church of the Memo- 
 
 rial, at St. Augustine, Florida, December 8, 
 1891. Mrs. vou Knappe is a daughter of the 
 .'.merkan Revolution, and a member of Caro- 
 line Scott Harrison Chapter, of Indianapolis, 
 Indiana. 
 
 Dr. J. H. Mammon, Optician. 
 
 James H. Haniinon was born near Fort 
 Wayne, Ind.. January 30, 1876. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Union City and 
 Winchester and in the 
 high school of Seymour, 
 Indiana. 
 
 After leaving the high 
 school Mr. Harnmon 
 took a preparatory 
 course in medicine un- 
 der Dr. Porter, of Rush 
 County, Indiana. He 
 then attended the 
 American College of 
 ophthalomology, of Chi- 
 cago, from which he 
 
 was graduated. Later he took a special 
 course under Dr. Runkin, of New York 
 City, and another under Dr. Brown, of 
 Philadelphia. He also mastered Savage's and 
 Stevens' courses in eye-muscular work and Ed- 
 ward Jackson's work on skioscopy. He first 
 entered upon the practice of his profession at 
 Rushville, Rush County, Indiana, going from 
 there to Indianapolis, whence he came to Vin- 
 cennes on April 8, 1901, where he has since been 
 located, at No. 207 Main Street, and where he 
 has established an enviable reputation as an 
 expert and reliable optician and a large and 
 profitable clientele. He is also a practical 
 grinder and is making preparations to manu- 
 facture everything in the line of optical goods. 
 
 Dr. Ha mm on was married on the fourth of 
 April. 1898, to Miss Alberta M. Steward, of 
 Shoals, Ind. They have an> infant daughter. 
 
 LAWYERS, 
 James W. Emison. 
 
 James W. Emison was born at Bruceville, 
 Knox County, Ind., Feb. 7. 1869. After leaving 
 the public schools he entered Asbury University 
 (now De Pauw), of Greencastle, Inid., taking the 
 full classical course. From this school he was 
 graduated in June, 1882, with the degree A. B. 
 In 1885 he delivered the master's oration at the
 
 164 
 
 VIXCEXXES IX PICTURE 1 AXD STORY 
 
 college commencement and the enlarged degree 
 of A. M. was conferred. Mr. Emison also at- 
 tended the law department of this college for a 
 time, afterwards reading in the office of Captain 
 George G. Reily, the distinguished Vincennes 
 advocate. He was admitted to the bar in 1889, 
 and immediately formed a partnership with 
 Captain Reily. under the firm name of Reily 
 and Emison. which partnership continued till 
 the death of Captain Reily, in February, 1899, 
 this firm long being recognized as one of the 
 leading law firms of the state. In the early 
 days of his practice Mr. Emison served as city 
 attorney and also as county attorney. He was 
 secretary of the Knox County Pair Association 
 for eight years, 1889-97. 
 
 Mr. Emison is a Republican in politics 
 and has always been held in high esteem 
 by the Republican leaders of the state. 
 He was in 1884 chairman of the Republican 
 County Central Committee. January 1, 1901, 
 a partnership was formed between Mr. Emi- 
 son and Judge W. W. Moffett, an able and dis- 
 tinguished lawyer, of Bloomfield, Indiana, the 
 firm name and style being Emison & Moffett. 
 Mr. Emison was married Xov. 27, 1890, to Miss 
 Sada Rabb, i>f Vincennes. They 'have four 
 children. 
 
 Judge William W. Moffett. 
 
 Win. W. Moffett was born on a farm in Owen 
 County, Indiana, Feb! 19, 1853. He attended 
 the public schools and 
 was graduated from the 
 liigh school of Spencer, 
 Ind., in 1876. Immedi- 
 ately entering the Uni- 
 versity of Indiana, at 
 Blooniington, he was 
 graduated therefrom in 
 1880, with the degree of 
 A. B. Entering the law 
 office of the distin- 
 guished firm of Frank- 
 lin & Pickens, of Spen- 
 cer, general solicitors for the I. & V. Railroad, 
 he diligently pursued his studies under their 
 preceptorship and was admitted to the bar in 
 Owen County in 1881. Upon the dissolution 
 of the partnership of Franklin & Pickens by 
 the appointment of the former a member of 
 the Supreme Court Commission, in 1881, 
 Mr. Moffett formed a partnership with the lat- 
 ter, under the firm name of Pickens & Mof- 
 
 fett. In 1883 he removed to Bloomfield, where 
 he formed a partnership with his college class- 
 mate, Cyrus E. Davis, succeeding the old firm 
 of Shaw & Bays, under the firm name of Mof- 
 fett & Davis. This partnership continued with 
 the name unchanged till 1894, when Mr. Mof- 
 fett was elected judge of the Fourteenth 
 Judicial Circuit, composed of the counties of 
 Green and Sullivan. On account of a fixed 
 understanding in the ranks of the Democracy 
 in those counties that the judgeship should al- 
 ternate between) the two counties, Judge Mof- 
 fett declined to be a candidate for re-election 
 and retired from the bench at the close of his 
 term, in Xovember, 1900. In January follow- 
 ing, he entered into partnership with James W. 
 Emison, of Viucennes, under the firm name of 
 Emison <fc Moffett. Judge Moffett has always 
 been a Democrat and a leader in the party 
 councils. The judge was married Oct. 27, 
 1884, to Miss Maggie Gray. They have two 
 children. 
 
 Judge 0. H. Cobb. 
 
 Orlando H. Cobb is a native of Lawrence 
 County. Ind.. where he was born Nov. 18, 1850. 
 He is the eldest son of 
 Hon. Thos. R. Cobb, 
 who for ten years rep- 
 resented this district in 
 Congress, but who was 
 then a practicing at- 
 torney at Bedford, Ind. 
 When Orlando was six- 
 teen years of age the 
 father, together with 
 his partner, Judge New- 
 ton F. Malott, removed 
 to Vincennes, where he 
 
 resided to he time of his death. After leaving 
 the public schools, Orlando entered the Uni- 
 versity of Indiana, taking the full scientific 
 course, and was graduated therefrom in June, 
 1872, with the degree of B. Sc. He immediately 
 entered the law department and was the next 
 year graduated with the degree LL. B. By 
 excessive application to his studies for a num- 
 ber of years Mr. Cobb had overtaxed his 
 strength of body and left school in a low state 
 of health. He therefore took a year's vacation 
 and was admitted to the Knox County bar in 
 May, 1874. Immediately thereafter he became 
 a member of the law firm of Cobb, Robinson & 
 Cobb, the other members being his father,
 
 VINCENNES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 165 
 
 Hon. Thomas R. Cobb and William B. Robin- 
 son. This firm continued until 1870, when Mr. 
 Robinson became clerk of the Knox Circuit 
 Court, when the firm became Cobb & 
 Cobb and so remained till the death of the 
 senior member, after which Orlando Cobb con- 
 tinued the practice of the law alone, until elect- 
 ed judge of the Knox Circuit Court, in Novem- 
 ber, 1900, for a term of six years. In Novem- 
 ber, 1874, Mr. Oobb became deputy Prosecuting 
 Attorney under Hon. John H. O'Xeall, then 
 Prosecutor of this Circuit, whic'h position he 
 held for four years. In November, 1888, Mr. 
 Cobb was elected Prosecuting Attorney of this 
 Circuit, and was re-elected in 1890, serving 
 with distinguished ability for four years. 
 
 Mr. Cobb was married, Nov. 11, 1874, to Miss 
 Elizabeth Beckes, daughter of Thomas P. 
 Beckes, a prominent farmer of Knox County, 
 who afterwards was elected a commissioner of 
 the county. 
 
 In the practice of his profession Judge Cobb 
 has always emjoyed the confidence of the peo- 
 ple in an unusual degree and his practice has 
 been one of the most lucrative in this part of 
 the state. As judge of the Knox Circuit Court 
 he is making an enviable reputation for judicial 
 fairness and acumen, .and in the dispatch of 
 business he has no superior om the Indiana 
 bench. 
 
 Hon. Mason J. Niblack. 
 
 Mason J. Niblack was born and reared in 
 He is a son of Hon. William E. 
 Niblack, who for six- 
 teen years represented 
 this district In Con- 
 gress and was on the 
 Supreme bench of the 
 state for twelve years. 
 Mr. Niblack was edu- 
 cated in the schools of 
 Vincennes and at Cazi- 
 novia Seminary, Cazi- 
 novia, New York. Ho 
 also attended the Mich- 
 igan University, for 
 
 several years, and fronl the law department of 
 that school was graduated im 1882, with the de- 
 gree of LL. B. Mr. Niblack entered upon 
 the practice of his profession in Vincennes as 
 a partner of Judge F. W. Viehe, under the firm 
 name of Viehe & Niblack. He was elected to 
 the .State Legislature for Knox County as a 
 
 Democrat in 1880 and 1888, and for the coun- 
 ties of Knox, Gibson and Vanderburgh in 1890. 
 Mr. Niblack was honored with the speaker-ship 
 of the House in 1889, and again in 1891 the du- 
 ties of which position he discharged with dis- 
 tinguished ability. In 1897 Mr. Niblack be- 
 came Grand Master of the Masonic Fraternity 
 for the state of Indiana. He has served as a 
 member of the School Board for the City of 
 Vincennes' for five years, and is now the Presi- 
 dent of the Board. 
 
 Hon. S. W. Williams. 
 
 Samuel Wardell Williams was born at Mount 
 Carmel, Feb. 7th, 1851. After leaving the pub- 
 lic schools he attended 
 Friendsville Academy, 
 at Friendsville, 111., be- 
 ing designed for the 
 Presbyterian ministry. 
 From this school he 
 was graduated in 1867. 
 Instead of entering the 
 ministry, however, Mr. 
 Williams read law with 
 Cauthorn & Boyle, of 
 Vincennes and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 
 
 1874. Prior 1o this date Mr. Williams had 
 served as Deputy Clerk of Wabash County, 111., 
 for two years, coming to Vincennes in 1870. 
 He was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Knox 
 County, and served two years, 1878-80. He 
 was elected, on the Democratic ticket, member 
 of the State Legislature from Knox Counity, 
 and served from 1882 to '86. It was during the 
 first term of President Cleveland that Mr. 
 Williams, becoming dissatisfied with the course 
 of his party leaders, embraced Populism, being 
 one of the originators of the party. He has 
 since been a leader in the state and nation- 
 al councils of that party. He has been a dele- 
 gate to every national convention of the party, 
 was chairman of the first state convention and 
 of nearly all the subsequent conventions. Mr. 
 Williams strenuously opposed the fusion with 
 Bryan forces in 1896. and at the St. Louis Pop- 
 ulist convention secured the reversal of the or- 
 der of nomination, by reason of which Watson 
 became the Populist candidate for the Vice 
 Presidency. Mr. Williams also seconded Wat 
 son's nomination. It was through Mr. Williams' 
 efforts in the Legislature that Knox County 
 was erected into a separate judicial district
 
 YINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 He also introduced and succeeded in passing 
 the first bill by a legislature to regulate the 
 tolls and charges of corporations. It was 
 known as the Williams Telephone Bill. This 
 law was attacked in the courts by the corpora- 
 tions, but sustained by the Supreme Court. He 
 was also author of a number of changes in the 
 probate practice. He was four years chair- 
 man of the Democratic legislative caucus. 
 
 As a trial lawyer Mr. Williams "takes first 
 rank and at the time of this writing is Presi- 
 dent of the Bar Association of Knox County. 
 He has been engaged ins many of the noted 
 jury trials of the past twenty-five years in 
 Knox and adjoining counties, among them be* 
 ing the Berner murder case, the Carter case, 
 the Horrall-Swartzel cases and the Johnson 
 will case. 
 
 He possesses rare skill in the preparation of 
 legal papers, is a good jury advocate and is un- 
 surpased in the art of examining witnesses. 
 He is noted for his fidelity to his clients and 
 enjoys a large practice. 
 
 Hon. James S. Pritchett. 
 
 .James 8k. Pritchett was born in, 1 Warrenton, 
 Gibson Coun^tyr Ind. After leaving the public 
 schools he attended Vin- 
 cennes University and 
 Hanover College, of Jef- 
 ferson County, Ind. He 
 read law with Col. W. 
 A. Jones, and was ad- 
 mitted to the practice of 
 his profession in 1864. 
 He first formed a part- 
 nership with Judge 
 Harrison Burns, after- 
 wards author of Burns' 
 Index and Burns' Di- 
 gest. This partnership continued for eight 
 years, when Burns was appointed private secre- 
 tary to Minister Geo. W. Julian. After Burns' 
 return, the partnership was resumed and con- 
 tinued four years longer, when Mr. Burns re- 
 moved to Indianapolis. 
 
 Mr. Pritchett was City Attorney for several 
 years early in the fifties, also member of the. 
 Council, and in 1857 was chosen Mayor of the 
 city, serving one term. In 1896 he was again 
 elected member of the City Council and has 
 served continuously since, having been re- 
 elected in 1900. In the City Council Mr. Pritch- 
 ett is an able and aggressive advocate of what 
 
 he conceives to be the interests of the city and 
 is one of the most powerful and influential 
 members of that body. In politics he is a Dem- 
 ocrat of Democrats. He enjoys a large and 
 lucrative law practice. 
 
 Mr. Pritchett was married in June, 1888, to 
 Miss Ella A. Wise, of Knox County, Indiana. 
 They have three children. 
 
 Arthur T. Cobb. 
 
 Arthur Thomas Cobb was born in Vincennes, 
 Ind., on the 27th day of February, 1871. After 
 leaving the public 
 schools he entered the 
 Vincennes University, 
 and the Indiana Uni- 
 v e r s i t y, graduating 
 from the law depart- 
 ment of the latter in 
 June, 1899, taking the 
 degree LL. B.. Was in- 
 mediately admitted to 
 the bar in Monroe Coun- 
 ty. On the 9th of June, 
 1899, he was admitted to 
 practice before the Supreme Court of the state, 
 and before the United States District Court at 
 Indianapolis. 
 
 Mr. Cobb is the youngest son of the Hon. 
 Thomas R. Cobb, lawyer and politician. On 
 the 20th of September, 1900. Arthur T. Cobb 
 was married to Miss Catherine R. Collins, of 
 Covington, Ky. 
 
 Hon. W. A. Cullop. 
 
 William A. Cullop, attorney at law, senion 
 member of the firm of Cullop & Shaw, was 
 born in Knox County, 
 March 28, 1853. He 
 attended the public 
 schools and Oaktown 
 Seminary and in 1874 
 entered Hanover Col- 
 lege of Jefferson Coun- 
 ty, Indiana. Taking 
 the scientific course, he 
 was graduated from 
 this institution in June, 
 1878, with the degree 
 B. Sc. He soon after 
 entered the law office of Cobb & Cobb, 
 where he spent two years and was admitted to 
 the practice before the Knox Circuit Court in 
 June, 1880. January 1, following, he opened
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 167 
 
 an office and entered upon the practice.. In De- 
 cember, 1881, lie formed a partnership with 
 George W. Shaw, under the firm name of Cul- 
 lop & Shaw. In 1884 Clarence B. Kessenger 
 was admitted into the firm, which became Cul- 
 lop, Shaw <Jc Kessiuger. In 1877 Mr. Kessinger 
 went west, retiring from the firm, which again 
 became Cullop & Shaw. In April. 1888, Mr. 
 Shaw was appointed judge of the Circuit Court 
 and Mr. Cullop continued the practice alone till 
 August of that year, when Mr. Kessinger, re- 
 turning from the West, again formed a part- 
 nership with Mr. Cullop under 'the firm name of 
 Cullop & Kessinger. This continued till July, 
 1900, when failing health induced Mr. Kessinger 
 to retire from the practice and Mr. Cullop was 
 again alone until the following December, when 
 Judge Shaw, retiring from the bench, again 
 entered into partnership with him under the 
 firm name of Cullop & Shaw. 
 
 Mr. Cullop was Prosecuting Attorney for the 
 12th judicial circuit from 1884 to 1886, and in 
 1890 was elected a member of the State Legis- 
 lature. He was re-elected in 1892, and in the 
 Legislature of 1893 was chairman of the Ways 
 and Means Committee of^ the House. He was 
 the Democratic nominee for the State Senate in 
 1894, but went down with his party in the land- 
 slide of that year, though leading the ticket by 
 147 votes. He was a delegate to the Demo- 
 cratic National Convention at Chicago in 1892 
 and was the Indiana member of the notification 
 committee, appointed to wait upon the candi- 
 dates and give forinal notice, of their nomina- 
 tion. ie was also a delegate to the Democratic 
 National Convention of 1896. He was the 
 Democratic nominee for Elector from this dis- 
 trict in 1900. 
 
 Mr. Cullop. besides being one of the most 
 active and successful members of the Knox 
 County bar, has business interests of consider- 
 able magnitude. He is president of the Knox 
 County Coal Company, operating at Bicknell, 
 Ind., a director of the Hartman Manufacturing 
 Co., agricultural implements, and is also a di- 
 rector of the Yincennes Board of Trade and En- 
 terprise Stove Works. He is also a director of 
 and attorney for the Wabash Mutual Insurance 
 Company, of the city. 
 
 Mr. Cullop was married in October, 1879, tc 
 Miss Kate, daughter of Hon. Thomas R. Cobb v 
 of Vincennes. and to this union was born one 
 daughter. Miss Carrie. He was a second time 
 
 married, July 28, 1898, to Mrs. Artie Goodwin, 
 of Chicago, a lady of rare accomplishments and 
 refinement and a popular leader of society. Mrs. 
 Cullop is a royal entertainer, and their elegant 
 home is one of the most delightful places where 
 society gathers. 
 
 In 1900 Mrs. Cullop was signally honored by. 
 Governor Mount, who appointed her as one 
 of the lady commissioners to the Paris World's 
 Fair. She has recently been chosen a state 
 delegate to the convention of the National Fed- 
 eration of Women's Clubs, Which meets at San 
 Francisco in June, 1902. 
 
 Dailey & Lewis. 
 
 Charles E. Dailey was born on a farm near 
 Olney. 111., Oct. 9, 1865. He was educated in 
 the schools of Olney, from the High School, 6f 
 which city he was graduated in 1882. Soon 
 after leaving school he entered the law office 
 of Messrs. McCauley & Moutray, of Olney. He 
 subsequently came to Vincennes and read law 
 with Hon. Thomas R. Cobb. Was admitted to 
 the bar before the Supreme Court of Illinois, at 
 Mt. Vernon, in 1889. He first entered upon the 
 practice at Olney, whence, after four years, he 
 went to Oklahoma, in 1893, remaining there 
 three years. In 1896 Mr. Dailey returned to 
 Vincennes and formed a partnership with 
 Henry S. Cauthorm & Son, under the firm name 
 of Cauthorn, Dailey & Cauthorn. This part- 
 nership was dissolved in 1900, and the present 
 partnership formed with Harry R. Lewis in 
 October of that year. 
 
 Mr. Dailey was married in 1894 to Miss May 
 Jeanette Boyd, of Casey. 111. They have two 
 children. 
 
 Harry R. Lewis, son of James F. Lewis, was 
 born in Vincennes. Attended the public schools 
 and subsequently Vincennes University for sev- 
 eral years. He also attended Kent College one 
 year. He then entered the law department of 
 the University of Minnesota, passing by exam- 
 ination the first two years' work and complet- 
 ing the three years' course in one year, being 
 graduated in 1899 with the degree LL. B. In 
 June of the same year he was admitted to the 
 bar. After spending some months in the office 
 of Cullop & Kessinger, in the following October 
 he formed a partnership with Charles E. 
 Dailey. under the firm name of Dailey & Lewis. 
 Mr. Lewis is a Democrat in politics and an act- 
 ive field worker, having stumped the county In 
 the interests of his party in 1900. Mr. Lewis
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 was married April 16, 1901, to Miss Kathern 
 Milligan, of Washington, Ind. 
 
 The firm of Dailey & Lewis is a strong one 
 and is rapidly forging to the front. 
 
 Hon. W. B. Robinson. 
 
 William B. Robinson was born in Knox Coun- 
 ty, near Wheatland, Sept. 9, 1839. He attended 
 the public schools and 
 later Lebanon Acad- 
 emy, of Lebanon, Ind. 
 After being for more 
 than a year superin- 
 tendent of schools for 
 Knox County, he en- 
 tered Indiana Law 
 School, at Bloomington, 
 in 1866, and was gradu- 
 ated therefrom the fol- 
 lowing year, with the 
 degree LL. B. He imme- 
 diately entered upon the practice of his profes- 
 sion in Vincennes. His first business associate 
 was^Jdhn M. Boyle, the firm name being Rob- 
 inson ^ST Boyle. Mr. Robinson's career as a 
 lawyer was an honorable one. He soon took 
 rank as one of the strong members of the Vin- 
 cennes bar. In 1869 he was elected Mayor of 
 Vincennes, and at the end of two years was re- 
 elected, serving two terms as the city's chief 
 magistrate. After his election he dissolved the 
 partnership with Mr. Boyle and devoted al- 
 most his entire time to the duties of his office, 
 in which he made a record for which he has no 
 occasion to blush. Before the expiration of 
 his second term as Mayor, Mr. Robinson formed 
 a partnership with Hon. Thomas R. Cobb, un- 
 der the name of Cobb & Robinson. This part- 
 nership and name continued until in 1873 Or- 
 lando H. Cobb, now Judge of Knox Circuit 
 Court, was admitted into the firm, which then 
 became Cobb, Robinson & Cobb. In 1874 Mr. 
 Robinson was elected Circuit Clerk of Knox 
 County, entering upon his duties in 1876. He 
 was re-elected in 1878, serving two full terms. 
 On his retirement from office in 1884, Mr. Rob 
 inson decided m t again to take up the practice 
 of the law and has since devoted himself to 
 farming, stock raising and horticulture, in 
 which he has been eminently successful. He 
 has been a member of the Board of Trustees 
 of Vincennes University for something like 
 twenty years, being secretary of the board the 
 greater part of the time. 
 
 Mr. Robinson was married, June 5, 1873, to 
 Miss Maggie J. La Hue, daughter of ex-Sheriff 
 James C. La Hue, of Knox Co. They have 
 four sons and one daughter. 
 
 Major Thomas B. Coulter. 
 
 Thomas B. Coulter was born in Vincennes 
 and educated in the schools of the city, having 
 been graduated from the Vincennes High 
 School in 1896. He 
 then entered the Indi- 
 ana Law School at In- 
 dianapolis, from which 
 he was graduated with 
 honor in 1898, taking 
 the degree of LL. B. In 
 the same year he was 
 admitted to the bar and 
 located in Viucennes, 
 forming a partnership 
 with Duncan L. Beckes, 
 which still continues. 
 
 Mr. Coulter joined Co. A, First Infantry, In- 
 diana National Guard, in September, 1891, and 
 was made corporal in December of that year, 
 and the following May, sergeant. In January, 
 1893, he was elected second lieutenant. In 
 May, 1894, he was elected captain. His regi- 
 ment being called into the service of the United 
 States in the war with Spain, as the 159th Indi- 
 ana Volunteers, Captain Coulter commanded 
 his company during the campaign. In July, 
 1900, he was promoted to a majority, and stiL 
 holds that commission. 
 
 Duncan L Beckes. 
 
 Duncan L. Beckes was born on a farm seven 
 miles south of Vincennes. Attended the public 
 schools and was graduated from the Vincennes 
 High School in 1896. He 
 afterwards attended 
 Butler College, of In- 
 dianapolis. He entered 
 Indiana Law School at 
 Indianapolis, and was 
 graduated therefrom in 
 1898, with the degree 
 LL. B. He was Im- 
 mediately admitted to 
 the bar and opened an 
 office in Vincennes, 
 where he has since 
 practiced his profession, having formed a part- 
 nership with Major Thomas Coulter in the fall
 
 VINCENN&8 IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 169 
 
 of that year, under the firm name of Coulter & 
 Beckes. Mr. Beckes is a Democrat in politics 
 and a party worker of no mean ability. 
 
 Hon. Thomas R. Cobb. 
 
 Hon. Thomas R. Cobb, father of Judge O. H. 
 Cobb and Mr. A. T. Cobb, of the city, was a 
 distinguished lawyer 
 and pol'tician. He came 
 to Vincennes ir\ 1869, 
 from Bedford, Indiana, 
 with his partner, New- 
 ton F. Malott, after- 
 wards Judge of the 
 Knox Circuit Court. 
 Mr. Cobb had previous- 
 ly served as commis- 
 sioner of the Indiana 
 Militia, under appoint- 
 ment made in 1852. He 
 
 served in the State Legislature from 1858 to 
 1866. He was a member of the Democratic 
 National Convention in 1876 and was subse- 
 quently for ten years member of Congress from 
 this district. He died in Vincennes, Jun>e 26, 
 1892. 
 
 Samuel Judah. 
 
 Samuel Judah, deceased, was born in the City 
 of New York, in the year 1798. He was the 
 son of Samuel Bernard Judah, a physician of 
 that city, and Catherine Hart, his wife. Mr. 
 Judah's grand-father came to New York from 
 England about 1750, and became a large mer- 
 chant there, and signed the compact against 
 the importation of British goods, and was 
 known as an ardent supporter of the cause of 
 the patriots in the Revolutionary War. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was graduated at 
 Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1816, studied 
 law in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and emi- 
 grated to Indiana in 1818, coming in a wagon 
 train. He settled in Vincennes in 1818 or 
 1819, and commenced the practice of the law 
 and soon gained prominence as a lawyer an<l 
 politician, with a reputation throughout the 
 state. 
 
 He married in 1825, Harriet, the daughter of 
 Armstrong Brandon', of Corytlon, Indiana, who 
 was U. S. Postmaster. State Printer, and Editor 
 of the Indiana Gazette, during the 1 time Cory- 
 don was the capital of the state. The Bran- 
 dons were of English ancestry and settled in 
 Pennsylvania about 1680. 
 
 Samuel Judah was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture, from this county, in the sessions of 1828- 
 1836-1839 and 1840, and speaker of the House 
 in 1840. 
 
 He was United States District Attorney for 
 Indiana, under President Jackson, and was 
 chairman of the first state convention of the 
 Whig Party, which resulted in the reorganiza- 
 tion of that party, and the election of W. H. 
 Harrison to the presidency. 
 
 We quote the following from the sketch of 
 Mr. Judah in the Cyclopedia of Biography: "As 
 a lawyer he was noted for his skill, learning 
 and originality. Amorg his most celebrated 
 cases are Knox County vs. The Ohio & Missis- 
 sippi R. R. Company, fn the U. S. Supreme 
 Court, and the well known case of the Vin- 
 cennes University vs. the State, thrice in the 
 Supreme Court or Indiana, and finally in the 
 Supreme Court of the United States. Through 
 his whole life he was a great and constant stu 
 dent and reader. His racy and original wit. 
 and brilliant conversation made his company 
 much sought after. The Hon. Hugh McCol- 
 lough, in his 'Men and Measures of Half a Cen- 
 tury,' refers to him thus: 'Samuel Judah, the 
 best read man and one of the ablest lawyers of 
 the state.' He died in Vincennes in 1869." 
 
 The children of Samuel and Harriet Judah, 
 who arrived at maturity, are Caroline, wife of 
 Dr. John Mantle, of Vincennes, and Catherine, 
 wife of Gen. Laz. Noble, all who are nowi 
 deceased; Mrs. Alice Clarke, of this city, widow 
 of Franklin Clarke, deceased; Samuel Brandon, 
 of Vincennes; John M., of Indianapolis, and 
 Noble B., of Chicago, both well known and 
 prominent lawyers of their respective cities. 
 
 A, L. Harbison. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln Harbison was born in Parke 
 County, Indiana, Feb. 8, 1872. He was edu- 
 cated in the schools of 
 Crawford County, 111., 
 whither his father had 
 removed when our sub- 
 ject was one year old. 
 After teaching school 
 eighteen months. Mr. 
 Harbison, in 1894, took 
 the management of the 
 "National Era," a Pop- 
 ulist organ, established 
 four years previously 
 by his father, Mr. D. T.
 
 170 
 
 VI. \CEXXES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Harbison, in Robinson. 111. Mr. Harbison was 
 for a short time, beginning in 1892, a citizen of 
 Kansas, and it thus happened that his first vote 
 was cast for Hon. Jerry Simpson, jocularly 
 termed "Socklnss." Thus eaily embracing 
 Populism. Mr. Harbison has b?en an ardent 
 advocate and consistent expounder of fts doc- 
 trines ever since. He has'*t>eet a delegate to 
 foul 1 state conventions a: id, one nitional conven- 
 tion, that at Cincinnati, in 1900. Was sergeaul:- 
 at-arms of the Populist National Convention at 
 St. Louis in 1896. In addition to his party 
 services as editor of its organ in this section, 
 Mr. Harbison has been active on the stump in 
 every campaign since and including 1890. Mr. 
 Harbison was admitted to the bar in the year 
 1897. but did not enter upon the practice of law 
 till January, 1901, when he opened an office at 
 Secondhand Busseroii and has since given ex- 
 clusive attention to it. 
 
 In 189(5. Mr. Harbison was married to Miss 
 Mary E. Boyd, of Vincennes. They have one 
 
 Jospeh T. Randolph. 
 
 Joseph Todd Randolph was born in Knox 
 County, Indiana, on a farm, in Johnson Town- 
 ship, March 26, 1878. 
 His father dying when 
 he was but ten years of 
 age, he was placed with 
 a grand-father in Illi- 
 nois, where he re- 
 mained till sixteen 
 years of age, when he 
 came to Vincennes and 
 attended the high school 
 for three years, having 
 a determination to 
 make his way in the 
 world. On> the declaration of war against 
 Spain Mr. Randolph enlisted in Company A. 
 159th Indiana Volunteers, and went with a 
 true soldierly spirit into the field. After the 
 war, returning to Vincennes, he took up the 
 battle of life where he had laid it down to go 
 to the service of his country. He read law 
 with Hon. John Wilhelm for about eighteen 
 months, supporting himself meantime by work- 
 ing as motorman for the Citizens' Street Rail- 
 way Co. He subsequently read for a time 
 with Prosecuting Attorney Hoover and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in Pehuary. 1900. He re- 
 mained in the office of Mr. Hoover till October, 
 
 1901. when he established an independent of- 
 fice in the Baecher Block. To Mr. Randolph's 
 indomitable energy and industry alone is due 
 the advancement thus far attained in his pro- 
 fession* and we predict for him a successful 
 future. 
 
 John T. Goodman. 
 
 John T. Goodman was born on a farm near 
 Bicknell, Knox County, Ind.. March 31, 1861. 
 He attended the Bicknell schools and subse- 
 quently the Cen- 
 tral Normal Col- 
 lege, of Danville. 
 Ind., from which 
 he was graduated 
 in 1880. He 
 taught school in 
 Knox County for 
 two years. He 
 read law with 
 Cobb & Cobb in 
 the office now oc- 
 cupied by himself 
 over the postof- 
 fice, corner Sec- 
 ond and Buseron 
 Streets, and was 
 
 admitted to the bar in 1882. He first formed a 
 partnership with Edward W. Cooper, which 
 was dissolved by the reomval of the latter from 
 the city. In October, 1883, he became a mem- 
 ber of the firm of Cobb, Cobb & Goodman. This 
 partnership was continued till October, 1886, 
 since which time Mr. Goodman has had no 
 partnership in the practice. He was City At- 
 torney. 1889 to 1893. In 1892 he was elected 
 Prosecuting Attorney for Knox -County and 
 twice re-elected, serving six years. Mr. Good- 
 man has always been uncompromising in his 
 democracy. He was for ten years chairman of 
 the Democratic City Central Committee. He 
 is a lawyer of recognized ability. As a speaker 
 he has a pleasing and forcible address, which 
 gives him great power with the jury. He has 
 a large criminal practice. 
 
 Mr. Goodman was married in 1883 to Miss 
 Mary E. Fuller, of Bickuell. a daughter of 
 George W. Fuller, who founded the town of 
 Bicknell. They have three children. 
 
 Hon. S. B. Judah. 
 
 Samuel Brandon Judah was born at the fam- 
 ily homestead, upon the farm, near Vinceunes, 
 upon Dec. 26th, 1845. His father was Samuel
 
 VINOENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 171 
 
 Judah, a well known lawyer and politician of 
 the early days of Indiana, and Lis mother was 
 Harriet Judah. daughter of Armstrong Bran- 
 don, of Corydou. Ind., both mentioned in a fore- 
 going article. 
 
 Samuel B. Judah passed his boyhood and 
 youth upon the farm; He attended the Vin- 
 cennes University for several years, under the 
 instruction of Kev. R. M. Chapman, a noted 
 teacher: He took a one-year course, at the 
 Rennslaer Institute. Troy, New York, and then 
 entered the Polytechnic College of Pennsyl- 
 vania, Philadelphia, where he was graduated 
 in 18G5. Shortly afterwards he was appointed 
 a deputy under his brother-in-law, the late Gen. 
 Laz. Noble, clerk of the Supreme Court of In- 
 diana, which situation he held for two years. 
 His next employment was as assistant assessor 
 of internal revenue of the First District of In- 
 diana, first under J. G. Bowman, now deceased, 
 and afterwards under James H. McNeely, of 
 the Evansville" Journal, both who were as- 
 sessors, and where he remained for about two 
 years. 
 
 la 1871 the subject of this article married 
 Miss Emily C. Burnet, daughter of llev. 
 Stephen Burnet, of this county, now deceased. 
 The fruit of their marriage were two sons, 
 Samuel, now deceased, and Charles B. Judah, a 
 member of the law firm of Calverley & Judah, 
 of this city. From 1875, and until the present 
 time, Mr. Judah has had his residence upon 
 Burnet Heights, near Vincennes, and for more 
 than twenty years followed the business of 
 farming and stock raising. He has also for 
 many years been employed in the management 
 as agent, administrator, executor and trustee 
 of valuable and extensive estates, both real and 
 personal, to all of which duties he has attended 
 honestly and successfully, and to the satisfac- 
 tion of the parties interested. 
 
 In the fall of 1898 it became necessary to 
 have a branch office opened at Vincennes for 
 the collection of internal revenue. Mr. Judali 
 was appointed as deputy collector in charge of 
 the office at this place by the Hon. David W. 
 Henry, collector of internal revenue for this 
 district, and up to the present time he has col- 
 lected and paid over to the proper authorities 
 over eight millions of dollars. 
 
 His motto is "A public office is a public trust, 
 and to perform the duties faithfully and consci- 
 entiously." 
 
 Orestes C. Phillips. 
 
 Orestes C. Phillips was born at Millsboro, 
 Pa.. Nov. 14, 1875. He was graduated from 
 the Pennsylvania State 
 Normal school at Cali- 
 fornia. Pa., in 18'J7. 
 Studied Latin and 
 (Jivek for a considera- 
 ble time under the di- 
 rection of Prof. Krehu- 
 tield. He entered the 
 Tennesse college of 
 law, near Nashville, in 
 1898, and was graduat- 
 ed therefrom in 19L>0 
 with degree LL. B. In 
 
 the same year Mr. Phillips came to Vincemies, 
 where he entered on the practice of his pro- 
 fession with every promise of marked success. 
 In a recent edition, in its report of a damage 
 suit in the Knox Circuit Court, the Daily Com- 
 mercial, of Vincennes, said: 
 
 "The speech of C. C. Phillips, principal at- 
 torney for the plaintiff, was pronounced one 
 of the most eloquent that has ever been heard 
 at this bar. As a pleasing and forcible ora- 
 tor, Mr. Phillips certainly has few superiors of 
 his age in the state." 
 
 Mr. Phillips was married September 20, 1901, 
 to Miss Emily Fairhurst, of Vincennee. 
 
 C. G. McCord. 
 
 Chas. G. McCord was born in the City of 
 Vincennes on the 21st day of March, 1851, and 
 is the son of William 
 R. McCord, Deceased. 
 He obtained his early 
 education at Vincannes 
 University and entered 
 Brown University, of 
 Providence, Rhode Isl- 
 and, in September, 
 1870. He was graduat- 
 ed from this institution 
 In June, 1873. Upon 
 his return home he en- 
 tered the law office of 
 Hen. F. W. Viehe, now deceased. In October, 
 1877. lie formed a partnership with Col. C. M. 
 Allen, for the practice of the law, remaining 
 with him for two years, when he opened an of- 
 fice of his own. Having become especially in- 
 terested in that branch of the law pertaining to
 
 172 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 titles to real estate, he, in December, 1881, 
 opened his present abstract of title office, in the 
 Noble block, opposite the court house and has 
 since that time given special attention to the 
 law of real property and the preparation of 
 abstracts of title. He is well known as a title 
 lawyer and is regarded by the profession as an 
 authority on all complicated legal questions re- 
 lating to titles and an expert in the prepara- 
 tion of abstracts of title. Mr. McCord has a 
 well selected library, especially bearing upon 
 the law of real property and a complete set of 
 abstract records that are widely known as one 
 of the best in the state. His ambition has been 
 to become proficient in law of real property and 
 an expert in the examination of titles and in 
 this he has been eminently successful. 
 
 John L. Buckles. 
 
 John L. Buckles was born in Knox Co., Aug. 
 23, 1854. After leaving the public schools he 
 attended Danville Col- 
 lege, taking about half 
 the course. Read law 
 four years under the 
 preceptorship of pres- 
 ent judge of Knox Cir- 
 cuit, Orlando H. Cobb, 
 and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1897. Mr. 
 Buckles served as 
 deputy sheriff for five 
 years, from 1887 to 
 1892, and was sheriff 
 
 from 1892 to 1896. Mr. Buckles is also the ef- 
 ficient secretary and attorney of the People's 
 Savings, Loan and Building Association, or- 
 ganized in 1889, with a capitalization of $1,000,- 
 000 and in that capacity has done much to for- 
 ward the interests of home builders in Vin- 
 cenines. 
 
 In December, 1901, a partnership was formed 
 between our subject and Robert L. Buckles, 
 under firm name and style of Buckles & Buck- 
 les, i 
 John L. Buckles was married, in 1886, to 
 Miss Mary Etta Yates, of Knox County. They 
 have two children, one son and one daughter. 
 
 Hon. John Wilhelm. 
 
 John Wilhelm, attorney, is of German paren- 
 tage and was bcrn on a farm in Wabash Co., 
 
 near Mt. Carmel, 111., May 10, 1854. His father 
 dying when he was but a small boy, John re- 
 mained on the farm until he was twenty-three 
 years of age, with the exception of the years 
 1872-73. during which he was in business in Mt. 
 Carmel. At the age of twenty years he took up 
 the study of law, which he pursued for four 
 years before applying for admission to the bar. 
 He entered upon the practice of law in Vin- 
 cenes, November 18, 1878. Mr. Wilhelmn's 
 first appearance before the people as a candi- 
 date for office was in 1885, when he was elect- 
 ed mayor on the Democratic ticket, giving to 
 the city a clean and able administration of the 
 laws. Mr. Wilhelm is a leading member of the 
 bar of Vincennes and is at preesnt city coun- 
 selor. 
 
 0. B. Williamson. 
 
 Oscar B. Williamson was born at Lancaster. 
 Ohio, May 12, 1872. His parents removing to 
 Vincennes when' he was 
 small, he was educated 
 in the schools of the 
 city and was graduated 
 from the High School 
 in 1889. He then en- 
 tered Earlham College, 
 of Richmond, Ind., tak- 
 ing the mathematical 
 course. He was grad- 
 uated from this school 
 in 1893, with the de- 
 gree Bachelor of Sci- 
 ence. After leaving College Mr. Williamson en- 
 tered the law office of Reily & Emison, in this 
 city. He was admitted to the bar in< 1894, and 
 remained in the office of Reily & Emison until 
 1897, when he formed a partnership with J. S. 
 Spiker for the purpose of conducting an ab- 
 stract office, the firm name and style being J. S. 
 Spiker & Co. This partnership continued until 
 August. 1901, when it was dissolved. Mr. 
 Williamson has had quite an extended experi- 
 ence in making abstracts of title and his 
 thorough acquaintance with the records of the 
 county, in many instances abstruse and diffi- 
 cult to master, makes him one of the most re- 
 liable abstractors of the city. Accordingly he 
 finds an ever increasing demand for his ser- 
 vices in this direction. Mr. Williamson makes 
 a specialty of the law of real property and is 
 building up a substantial practice.
 
 YINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 173 
 
 Henry S. Cauthorn. 
 
 Henry Sullivan Cauthoru was born in Vin- 
 cennes, Feb. 23, 1828. Was graduated from 
 the ::Indiana Asbury 
 I College." now De Pauw 
 University, i n 1849. 
 Read law in the office 
 of U. S. District Attor- 
 ney, Benjamin M. 
 I Thomas, of this city, 
 and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1853, and has 
 I since practiced his pro- 
 fession at this bar with 
 honor and success. In 
 1854 lie was elected Dis- 
 trict Attorney for the judicial district of Knox, 
 Daviess, Pike and Martin Counties. He was 
 subsequently for eight years Clerk of the Cir- 
 cuit Court of Knox County. In 1856 lie was, 
 on the organization of the city government, the 
 first City Attorney. In 1870 Mr. Cauthorn was 
 elected representative to the State Legislature, 
 and was re-elected in 1872, 1878 and 1880. In 
 1879 he was chosen Speaker of the House, a 
 position which he filled with credit to himself 
 and to the satisfaction of that body. 
 
 In politics Mr. Cauthorn has always been a 
 stanch Democrat and in religion a Roman 
 Catholic. 
 
 He was married, in 1878, to Miss Margaret 
 Bayard, of Vincennes. They have seven chil- 
 dren living, two sous and four daughters. 
 
 Henry S. Cauthorn, Jr. 
 
 Henry S. Cauthorn, Jr., was born in Vin- 
 caun>es, December 4, 1870. He was educated in 
 the schools of this city 
 and at Notre Dame Uni- 
 versity, Notre Dame, 
 Ind. After leaving col- 
 lege, young Cauthorn 
 entered the law office of 
 his father, Hon. Henry 
 S. Cauthorn, of the city, 
 and was admitted to 
 the practice Dec. 7, 
 1891. He immediately 
 entered upon the prac- 
 tice in partnership 
 
 with his father, who is looked upon as one of 
 the most learned and skillful members of the 
 Knox County bar, under the firm name of 
 
 Cauthorn & Cauthorn. In 1896 Mr. Charles E. 
 Dailey was admitted into the firm, which be- 
 came Cauthorn, Dailey & Cauthorn, and so con- 
 tinued till 1900, when, Mr. Dailey withdrawing, 
 the firm again became Cauthorn & Cauthorn. 
 These firms have handled much business of im- 
 portance and magnitude, including the settle- 
 ment of the large estates of John B. La Plante 
 and Charles Graeter, deceased, and others of 
 almost equal dimensions. Mr. Cauthorn has 
 made a specialty of probate law, and being a 
 young man of studious habits, indomitable en- 
 ergy and more than average ability, is forging 
 his way upward in the profession. He is a 
 Democrat in politics and takes an active part 
 in all general elections. In the campaign of 
 1900 he was an effective stump speaker. 
 
 Mr. Cauthorn was married, Oct. 6, 1897, to 
 Miss Mary T. Bowles, of the city. They have 
 one child living. 
 
 Robert G. Cauthorn. 
 
 Robert G. Cathorn was born in Vincennes 
 and is a son of Hon. Henry S. Cauthorn. He 
 attended Cathedral School until his education 
 was sufficient for his 
 admission to Vincennes 
 University, from which 
 he was graduated in 
 1896. He then entered 
 Georgetown University, 
 of Washington, D. C., 
 taking the full classical 
 course. From this 
 school he was gradu- 
 ated with honor in 1899, 
 taking the degree A. B. 
 Mr. Cauthorn is a gifted 
 orator and while at the Vincennes University 
 captured the "Gould Oratorical Medal" and 
 likewise at Georgetown University carried off 
 the "Merrick Debating Medal." which is there 
 regarded as the ne plus ultra of honors in that 
 field.- So highly were his talents in this direc- 
 tion regarded by the faculty of the institution 
 that he was appointed to deliver the "bach- 
 elors' oration" at the commencement. Mr. 
 Cauthorn immediately after graduation entered 
 the law department of Georgetown College, 
 which he attended one year, during which time 
 he taught in the preparatory department of the 
 college. He was admitted to the practice in 
 Vincennes, Sept. 7, 1900. Of more than aver- 
 age ability, of excellent habits and a studious
 
 174 
 
 VIXCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 turn, Mr. Cauthorn gives promise of a bright 
 future. He was at a late meeting of the Knox 
 County Bar Association elected secretary of 
 that organization. 
 
 Wm. S. Hoover. 
 
 William S. Hoover was born in Davis County, 
 Indiana, Sept. 5, 1864. He was educated in the 
 schools of Knox Coun- 
 'ty, to which his parents 
 removed in 1866, and in 
 the Cincinnati College 
 of Law, from which he 
 was graduated in 1890, 
 with the degree LL. B., 
 and was soon after- 
 wards admitted to the 
 practice in the Knox 
 Circuit Court. Mr. 
 Hoover is a Democrat 
 iu politics, having cast 
 his first vote for Cleveland in 1884, and is an 
 earnest party worker in all important cam- 
 paigns, taking an active part on th<j stump. In 
 recognition .of him abilities and a reward for 
 faithful party services, Mr. Hoover* in 1898, re- 
 ceived the nomination of his party for Prose- 
 cuting Attorney for Knox County and was 
 elected. So acceptably did he perform the du- 
 ties of the office that he was again nominated 
 and elected in 1900, being now in the midst of 
 his second term. 
 
 A. M. McClure. 
 
 Alvin M. McClure was born in Carroll Coun- 
 ty. I ml., Aug. 2C). 1869, and in his early boyhood 
 moved to Knox County. 
 He was reared, on a 
 farm in Busseron 
 Township, and received 
 his education in the 
 common schools and at 
 Vincennes University. 
 He became a teacher at 
 the age of eighteen 
 year? and continued to 
 teach in the. schools of 
 Knox County for a 
 period of seven years. 
 
 Taking up the study of law, he spent four and 
 one-half years as a student with the well-known 
 firm of Cullop & Kessinger. He was admitted 
 
 to the bar in 1893 and in 1895 opened an office 
 for the practice of his profession at 320^ Main 
 Street, Vincennes, where he has proven himself 
 a progressive and successful lawyer, and where 
 he has a 'strong and growing clientele. 
 
 Mr. McClure is a Republican and has always 
 been a stanch advocate of the principles of the 
 party, serving four years as secretary of the 
 Republican Central Committee of his county. 
 He was the Republican nominee for Prosecut- 
 ing Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in 
 the campaign of 1896, and ran six hundred 
 ahead of the national ticket. Mr.' McClure was 
 ini 1898, married to Miss Nora Bond, of Oak- 
 town, Ind. They reside at 718 Broadway. 
 
 H. W. Alexander. 
 
 Henry W. Alexander was born in Greenville, 
 111., Sept. 7, 1852. His ancestry on his father's 
 side was of the Sewell 
 family of Maine, and on 
 his mother's side of the 
 Wilkins family of 
 South Carolina. He at- 
 tended the public 
 schools of Greenville, 
 and was graduated 
 from the Greenville 
 High School: In 1872 
 he entered the Universi- 
 ty of Michigan', at Ann 
 Arbor, where he took 
 the classical course and was graduated in 1876, 
 taking the degree of A. B. He immediately 
 entered upon the study of law under the pre- 
 ceptorship of Judge Phelps, at Greenville, 111., 
 and was admitted to the bar on examination be- 
 fore the Appellate Court of Illinois at Mt. Ver- 
 non, in 1879. In 1887 he located in Vincennes, 
 where he has since remained in the practice of 
 his profession, with which he has combined a 
 general real estate and loan business. The 
 latter has grown to such dimensions as to pretty 
 well absorb his attention and in this line Mr. 
 Alexander has made a reputation as a prompt, 
 reliable and successful dealer. In politics he 
 has always been a Republican. He is a mem- 
 ber and was for many years clerk of St. Jaroes' 
 Episcopal Church, of Vincennes. 
 
 Mr. Alexander was married, Oct. 22, 1884, to 
 Miss Flora D. Portmess, of Terrell, Texas. 
 They have two daughters.
 
 YINX'ENNES IN PICTURE AND STOKY 
 
 175 
 
 MINISTERS. 
 Rev. H. T. Willis, First M. E. 
 
 Rev. Tilghman Howard Willis, was born on 
 a farm in Sullivan Co., Ind., Oct. 15, 1846. He 
 was educated in the public schools and Union 
 College, Merom, Ind. 
 He enlisted as a pri- 
 vate in Aug. 1864, and 
 served to the close of 
 the war. He was li- 
 censed as a local 
 preacher in July 1870, 
 and entered the Indi- 
 ana conference in Sept. 
 1871, having traveled 
 "White River Mission" 
 one year, under the 
 presiding elder. He WHS ordained a deacon in 
 1873 and an elder in 1875. His first charge 
 was Currysyille circuit iii .1871. 'Then followed 
 Washington circuit in 1873,. AVheatland circuit 
 in 1876, Bruceville, 1879; ,Worthington, 1880. 
 Since that date he has been stationed as fol- 
 lows: Princeton, 1881-83; New Albany, 1884-89; 
 Princeton, 1890; Greencastle, ' 1891 ; Blooming- 
 ton district, 1892-98; Vincennes, 1899 to the 
 present time. The degree D. D. was conferred 
 on Dr. Willis by Moqreshill College 5 in 1898. He 
 was a delegate, to the general conference at 
 Cleveland. Ohio, in 1896, ^find at 'Chicago in 
 1900, representing Indiana "conference, the 
 largest conference, in Methodism. 
 
 Rev. Willis possesses a pleasing personality, 
 and is an eloquent and feeling speaker and a 
 diligent and effective worker. It goes without 
 saying, therefore, that he has a strong hold 
 upon the affections of his. congregation. 
 
 Mr. Willis iwas marrdedOctober 21, 1869, to 
 Miss Sarah E. Johnson, of Carlisle, Ind. They 
 have six children/ 
 
 Rev. H. C. Clippinger, Presiding Elder. 
 
 Rev. H. C. Clippinger, A. M., Presiding Elder 
 of the Vincennes .District of the Indiana Con- 
 ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was 
 born at Concord, New Hampshire, Oct. 13, 1859. 
 His father was a Methodist minister. He is a 
 graduate of the Evansville High School, of the 
 class of 1878, and also of De Pauw University, 
 class 1882. He entered the Indiana Conference 
 in 1882, and has served New Harmony, Owens- 
 
 ville, Salem, Rockport, Wesley Chapel, New 
 Albany and Vincennes M. E. Churches as pas- 
 tor, and was made Presiding Elder in 1899 by 
 Bishop Goodsell. He was married to Miss 
 Hettie L. Blemker, of Evansville, Oct. 22, 1884. 
 They have three children, Foster, Gilbert and 
 Mary. Mr. Clippinger received the degrees of 
 A. B. and A. M. from De Pauw University. He 
 
 is a Trustee of Moore's Hill College, and has 
 been Grand Chaplain of the state for the I. 
 O. O. F. and has represented his Conference as 
 visitor to De Pauw Theological School and to 
 Garrett Biblical Institute as Evanston, 111. He 
 is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon Col- 
 lege fraternity. 
 
 Rev. Meinrad Fleischman. 
 
 Rev. Meinrad Fleishman, pastor of the 
 Church of St. John the Baptist, was bora in 
 Switzerland in 1844, 
 and came- to this- coun- 
 try with h\s parents 
 when yet a child. He 
 was educated at St. 
 Meinrad's Abbey, in 
 Spencer County, Ind., 
 and was ordained to- 
 the priesthood June 21, 
 1867. His first work 
 was as assistant priest 
 at New Albany, where 
 he remained about eigh- 
 teen months. He then became pastor of St.
 
 176 
 
 V1NCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Michael's Church, at Brookville, Indiana, De- 
 cember 8, 1868. Here he remained until trans- 
 ferred to Vincennes, in December, 1897, twen- 
 ty-nine years. 
 
 Rev. W. A. Hunter, First Presbyterian. 
 
 Rev. William A. Hunter, D. D., was born in 
 Ohio. His father at the time of the doctor's 
 'birth was a wholesale grocer in Cincinnati, but 
 later removed to Macomb, 111., where he engaged 
 
 in farming and stock raising. Here Dr. Hunter 
 was reared and received his early education. He 
 then entered Hanover College, of Hanover, Ind. 
 After taking the classical course of this school 
 he entered Princeton Theological Seminary, of 
 Princeton, New Jersey, from which he was 
 graduated in 1879. He was ordained by Schuy- 
 ler Presbytery and his first charge was at War- 
 saw, Illinois, as pastor of Wythe Church. 
 Thence he was called to the pastorate of the 
 Presbyterian Church at Clinton, Illinois, where 
 he remained fifteen years, during which his 
 church grew in strength and general prosperity. 
 During this period Dr. Hunter received various 
 calls to important charges elsewhere, all which 
 were declined because of his attachment to the 
 Clinton congregation, but in 1899, receiving a 
 call to Fort Collins, Colo., and feeling the neces- 
 sity of a change in behalf of the health of his 
 family, the call was accepted and he remained 
 there until called by the First Presbyterian 
 Church of Vincennes. 
 
 Dr. Hunter was a contemporary at Hanover 
 College with a number of young men from Vin- 
 cennes, including Hon. Royal E. Purcell, Hon. 
 W. A. Cullop, J. P. Ooan and J. P. L. Weems. 
 Here also he met and won the lady who has 
 since been his helpmeet, in the person of Miss 
 Mattie Dunn. They have two children, a son 
 who is in college at Colorado Springs, Colo., 
 and a daughter of five years. 
 
 Dr. Hunter was for twelve years stated clerk 
 of the Bloomington (111.) Presbytery and was 
 moderator of the Illinois Synod, at Peoria, in 
 1895. He wasMn 1900 moderator of the Synod 
 of Colorado, at Denver. He received the de- 
 gree of A. M. from Hanover College in 1886, 
 and that of D. D. from Blackburn University, 
 of Carlinville, Illinois, in 1896. 
 
 Rev. Louis Gueqen, St. Franois Xavier. 
 
 Rev. Louis Guegen, pastor of St. Francis 
 Xavier Church, was born in Brittany. France, 
 in the year 1834. He received his education in 
 France and came to America in 1859, when 
 just ready for ordination to the priesthood. He 
 came direct to Vincennes and was ordained at 
 
 St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, December 8, 
 1859. He went to Madison, Indiana, where he 
 remained till I860. He was then stationed at 
 Washington. Indiana, for a short time in the 
 fall of 1860, going from there to St. Marys, 
 Floyd Knobs. Floyd County, where he remain- 
 ed three years. He was then at New Albany 
 for about eight months, going thence to Loo-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 177 
 
 gootee, Martin County, Indiana, where he re- 
 mained for more than twenty years. From 
 here he went to Madison, Indiana, as pastor of 
 St. Michael's Church for five and a half years. 
 From Madison he was transferred to Vincenues 
 as rector of St. Francis Xavier's Church, in 
 1890, and has continued in the pastorate to 
 the present time. 
 
 Rev. J. B. Miller, Cum. Pres. 
 
 Rev. John B. Miller, pastor of the Cumber- 
 land Presbyterian Church, of Vincennes, was 
 born at Amity, Pa., 
 January I, 1870. His 
 education was begun in 
 the public schools of 
 Amity and continued in 
 Waynesburg College, of 
 Waynesburg, Pa., 
 where he took the full 
 classical course and 
 form which he was 
 graduated' in June, 
 1892, taking the degree 
 A. B., receiving the ad- 
 vanced degree of A. M., two years later. Im- 
 mediately after leaving Waynesburg College 
 Mr. Miller entered the Western Theological 
 Seminary, where he spent two years, following 
 which he spent one year in the theological de- 
 partment of Cumberland University, Lebanon, 
 Tennessee. He was ordained to the ministry in 
 April, 1893. His first work was as pastor of a 
 Cumberland. Presbyterian Church' at Salem 
 City, Pa. Here he remained seven years, re- 
 signing the work in March, 1900, on account of 
 partial failure of voice, going to California to 
 recuperate. From there he was called to his 
 present charge, May 5, 1901. 
 
 Mr. Miller was- married, June 27, 1893, to 
 Miss Annie F. Edwards, of Slate Lick, Pa. 
 
 Rev. W. G. Law, Baptist. 
 
 Rev. W. G. Law, Pastor of the First Baptist 
 Church of Vincennes, was born in Greene Coun- 
 ty, Indiana, Oct. 2, 1856. He was reared on a 
 farm, but became a teacher at the age of nine- 
 teen years and followed that profession for 
 twelve years. He was educated at the State 
 University .at Bloomington, Ind., and at the 
 State Normal School at Terre Haute. He was 
 married, Aug. 28, 1889, to Miss Alpina Rails- 
 back, of Terre Haute, Ind. To this union were 
 
 born four children, of whom two only are 
 living. 
 
 After entering the ministry, Mr. Law's first 
 pastorate was that of Petersburg, Pike County, 
 Ind., where he remained six years. He then 
 took charge, of the churches at Freelandvillej 
 Edwardsport and Bicknell, making his home at 
 Freelandville for the first two years, after 
 which he removed to Bicknell, where he re- 
 mained in charge of the same work one year 
 longer, coming to Vincennes, to his present field 
 of labor, Jan. 1, 1901. 
 
 Rev. De Lou Burke, St. James, Epis. 
 
 The Rev. De Lou Burke, Rector of St. James' 
 Church, and Professor of Philosophy and Peda- 
 gogy in Vincennes University, was born at 
 Crawfordsville, Ind., March 24, 1858. He was 
 educated in the Central Indiana Normal Col- 
 lege, of Danville, Ind., graduating in 1877. He 
 taught until 1888, when he entered the Nasho- 
 tah Theological seminary of Nashotah, Wis. 
 From this school he was graduated in 1892, and 
 was ordained Priest by Bishop Nicholson in 
 All Saints' Cathedral, Milwaukee, on Trinity 
 Sunday. 1892. For two years he was Rector 
 of St. Mark's Church, Beaver Dam, Wis. He 
 then accepted a call to St. James' Church, 
 South Bend. Ind. He was Rector there for six 
 
 years, and in that time built the church there, 
 which is one of the most beautiful and churchly 
 edifices in the state. In the fall of 1898 he ac- 
 cepted a call to St. James' Church, Vincennes,
 
 178 
 
 VLNCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 holding his first service on Advent Sunday, that 
 year. 
 
 In September, 1901, he was elected to the 
 chair of Philosophy and Pedagogy in the Vin- 
 cennes University. This professorship he act 
 cepted and now teaches in the University, along 
 
 ivith his duties as Rector of St. James. 
 The Rev. Mr. Burke is an Odd Fellow and an 
 
 .nthusiastic Mason, Holding the office of Prelate 
 in the commandery and Chaplain in the Blue 
 Lodge of this city. 
 
 Rev. William Oeschqer, Christian. 
 
 William Oeschger was born, Sept. 2, 1868, in 
 Philadelphia, Penn. When 2 years old his par- 
 ents removed to Indi- 
 ana, and eight years 
 later to Nebraska. He 
 received Ms early edu- 
 cation in the public- 
 schools. In the fall of 
 1889 he entered Cotner 
 University, at Lincoln, 
 Neb. He was gradu 
 ated from that institu 
 tion with the degree of 
 A. B. in June, 1894. In 
 July of the same year 
 he entered the University of Chicago. He was 
 
 given the degree of A. B. from that institution 
 in April, 1895. After this he entered the Divin- 
 ity School of the University of Chicago. ID 
 1898, after three years of work in that school, 
 he was given the degree of Bachelor of Divin- 
 ity. From Chicago he went to Fairbury, Neb., 
 to take charge of the First Christian Church of 
 that city. In the spring of 1900 he accepted a 
 call to this city. 
 
 He was married to Miss Dema Hopkins, May 
 17, 1899. Rev. Oeschger is a strong and able 
 preacher and as a pastor has gained the respect 
 and affection of his flock in a marked degree 
 since his arrival here. 
 
 'William Simpson's Pony and Cart 
 
 Fourth Street, North from Vigo
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 179 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 St. Francis Xavier Cathedral. 
 
 The foundation of St. Francis Xavier Cathe- 
 dral dates back to the early French settlement 
 at Vincennes when the little log structure with 
 its chinking of grass and clay served the pur- 
 poses of a house of worship for the pioneer in- 
 
 against the Chickasaw Indians, in 1836. A mar- 
 riage record bearing date April 21, 1749, and 
 signed by Father Meurin, a Jesuit missionary, 
 is the next preserved. In the following June 
 is a baptismal record of a child. These cer- 
 tificates are also signed by M. St. Ange, "Lieu- 
 tenant of marines and commandant for the 
 king at Post Vincennes." The last record 
 made by Fr. Meurin was that of a burial, un- 
 der date of March 17, 1853. Fr. Meurin was 
 
 Presbyterian Parsonage and Old Church 
 
 habitants. The first allusion to the Vincennes 
 Church in any preserved writings is a letter 
 from Father Marest, written from Kaskaskia 
 in 1712, in which he states that "the French, 
 having lately established a post on the 
 Wabash, demanded a missionary and Father 
 Mermet was sent , there." How long Father 
 Mermet served the new church we are not in- 
 formed but it appears that Fr. Senat was pas- 
 tor at Vincenntes in 1736, having come here 
 with Francis Morgan de Vincenne and per- 
 ished with 'him in the ill-fated expedition 
 
 .Main Street, between Fifth and Sixth 
 
 succeeded at Post Vincennes by Fr. Louis 
 Vivier, 1753-56. Half the records of this time 
 are said to be of "red or Indian slaves" be- 
 longing to the commandant and the inhabit- 
 ants. Father Julian Du Vernay was the last 
 Jesuit missionary at the post, his service being 
 1756-03. The records were kept by a notary 
 from 1763 to '70, from which it is inferred 
 there was no pastor in charge. In the latter 
 year Fr. Gibault arrived, and was in charge 
 for many years, being absent at Intervals. He 
 it was who came from KaskaskJa in the latter
 
 180 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 part of 1778, after Col. Clark's capture of Kas- 
 kaskia, and assembling the inhabitants of the 
 post in the church, induced them to take the 
 oath of allegiance to the state of Virginia. In 
 May. following the capture of the post by Col. 
 
 St. Francis*Xavier Cathedral, Second and Church 
 
 Clark, Fr. Gibault again took up his residence 
 here. He records the building of a new 
 church, 42x90 feet, in 1784. In 1789 Fr. 
 Gibault installed Pierre Mallet, a layman, as 
 guardian of the church, and this guardianship 
 continued until the arrival of Fr. Flajet, In 
 1792. Fr. Flaget was succeeded by Fr. Lava- 
 doux, and he by Rev. John Francis Rivet 
 The last was particularly zealous in his work 
 
 among the Indians and records many mar- 
 riages and baptisms among them. He died at 
 Vincennes in 1804, the first priest who died 
 here. He established the first school in the 
 old French village. 
 
 The members of this congregation 
 comprise about 300 families. It owns 
 the church, library and episcopal resi- 
 dence and maintains a parochial 
 school for boys, having a large brick 
 school house. The instructors are 
 Sisters of Providence. The girls are 
 also under the instruction of the Sis- 
 ters of Providence, at St. Rose Acad- 
 emy. 
 
 The See of Vincennes was erected in 
 1834, with the Rt. Rev. Simon G. W. 
 Brute as first bishop. He remained 
 in charge till his death in June, 1839, 
 when he was succeeded by Rt. Rev. 
 Celestine Rene Lawrence Guynemer 
 de la Hailandiere, who officiated for 
 about eight years, resigning the office 
 in 1847. John Stephen Bazin became 
 Bishop of Vincennes, Oct. 24, 1847, but 
 dying April 23, 1848, was succeeded by 
 Rt. Rev. James M. Maurice de Long 
 d'Aussac de St. Palais, as administra- 
 tor till January, 1849, when he was 
 consecrated to the bishopric, which he 
 held until his death, June 28, 1877. 
 August 11, 1878, Rt. Rev. Francis Silas 
 Chartard became Bishop of Vincenues, 
 taking up his residence at Indianapolis 
 instead of Vincennes. Bishop Chatard 
 continues in office, the name having 
 been' changed about the year 1897 to 
 the Diocese of Indianapolis. 
 
 The present rector is Rev. Louis 
 Guegnen. Rev. Frederic Burget, as- 
 sistant. 
 
 The Cathedral, building now standing 
 immediately in Line with Second 
 Street, at Second and Church Streets, 
 
 is perhaps the oldest church edifice In the 
 state. The erection of a new church was de- 
 cided upon at a public meeting called for the 
 purpose by Rev. J. L. Champonier and Hya- 
 cinth Lasselle, July 24, 1825. The corner stone 
 was laid with due solemnity by Father Cham- 
 ponier, March 30, 1826. The erection and com- 
 pletion of the building occupied several years 
 and was not accomplished until the year 1830. 
 In connection with the cathedral is a library
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 181 
 
 of something like ten thousand volumes, in- 
 cluding many rare and valuable books. 
 
 St. James Episcopal Church, Fourth and Busseron 
 
 St. James Episcopal Church. 
 
 St. James Protestant Episcopal Church was 
 organized in Vincennes, Oct. 7, 1837, the Rev. 
 B. B. Killikelly presiding at the meeting which 
 resulted in the organization. Rev. Killikelly 
 was the first rector, or as the records say "pas- 
 tor." The vestrymen chosen at this meeting 
 were George Davis, Geo. Cruikshank, John 
 Craiksihank, Jas. W. Groenhow. Samuel 
 Langston. A. T. Ellis and Joseph Somes. 
 Of these. Messrs. Davis and Greenhow 
 were chosen Wardens, Joseph Somes, 
 Treasurer. Geo. W. Rathbun was elected Sec- 
 retary of the Vestry. Ait this meeting Un- 
 church was named St. James and the Rev. Kil 
 likelly chosen "pastor." A committee was ap- 
 pointed to secure the permission of the town 
 authorities to use the town hall for the ser- 
 vices until a church could be provided, "and if 
 
 consent is obtained to have the same properly 
 fitted up with stoves and seats; and further 
 that they correspond with Gen. W. H. 
 Harrison in relation to a lot hereto- 
 fore donated by him to this church, 
 asking permission to sell the lot and 
 apply the proceeds to the purchase of 
 a more eligible location. The coJ.sent 
 of Gen. Harrison to this program was 
 later obtained. 
 
 Great difficulties were experienced in 
 the early uays of the church in meet- 
 ing its necessary expenses. The town 
 hall was fitted up at a cost of $117.25, 
 and the church granted its exclusive 
 use, the vestrymen having agreed to 
 contribute $5.00 each on the first Mon- 
 day of each month to meet the ex- 
 pense. The financial difficulties un- 
 der which the infant church labored 
 induced the vestry, at a meeting held 
 Feb. 20, 1840, to "request anU em- 
 power" the pastor to travel and solicit 
 aid to erect a new church, and $50 
 was advanced him to pay his expenses. 
 In May. Mr. Killikelly reported that 
 he had been unable to secure any as- 
 sistance and refunded the money. At 
 a meeting held Dec. 23, a committee 
 which had been appointed to secure a 
 building lot reported in favor of a 
 half lot at corner Fourth and Busseron, 
 belonging to the heirs of Hiram Soden, 
 deceased, which could be had for $400, 
 
 "$200 cash in hand; balance at the end of one 
 year." By a unanimous vote the committee 
 was instructed to bay this lot. Here the 
 church was erected. Arrangements were soon 
 after made for the pastor to make a trip 
 through the Eastern States and England to 
 secure funds and $400 was borrowed for his 
 expenses. On this trip the pastor more than 
 redeemed his formed delinquency, raising, ac- 
 cording to out- computation from the 
 records, the neat sum of $3,527.73. Among the 
 contributors in England were many bishops and 
 archbishops, lords and members of Parliament. 
 The list was headed by a 10 subscription by 
 Queen Adelaide, the dowager queem, aunt of 
 Queen Victoria. W. E. Gladstone contributed 
 5. The present church was erected in 1843, 
 but without the tower, which was added in 
 1868. The Rectory was erected in 1864-G5.
 
 182 
 
 VINOJflNNBS IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Rev. Killikelly, on account of failing health, re- 
 linquished his charge in 1843, but after a year's 
 rest returned to it in 1844, resigning it a sec- 
 ond tine in 1 1840. 
 
 The present rector. Rev. De Lou Burke, was 
 called to the church in 1898, holding his first 
 service on Advent Sunday. 
 
 First M. E. Church. 
 
 There is no record, by which the exact date 
 of the organization of the first "Methodist Soci- 
 ety" in Vineennes, can be obtained; nor can the 
 names of those composing that lirst society be 
 obtained. It was probably organized about 
 1808. In 1810. Vineennes was the head of a 
 large "circuit," extending from Fort Harrison 
 to the Ohio River, and from the Wabash River 
 to Orange County. 
 
 which Gov. Harrison was present and held the 
 candle while the reverend gentleman read the 
 hymn and scripture lesson. There is no record 
 of the exact date of the building of the first 
 "Meeting House" in Vineennes. The deed for 
 the lot on which stood the old brick church that 
 was torn down in 1900, and on which the par- 
 sonage still stands, was made by William 
 Henry Harrison, to David S. Bonner, Richard 
 Posey and Thomas Collins, April 18, 1828. The 
 present beautiful and commodious stone build- 
 ing was erected at a cost of about $25,000, and 
 is located on the corner of Fourth and Perry 
 Streets. The corner stone was laid by Bishop 
 Fowler, April IT. IS'.tO. The building was dedi- 
 cated by Bishop McCabe, April 1, 1900. Archi- 
 tect, Thomas Campbell: Building Committee, 
 M. A. Bosworth. A. M. Sheperd, George Harris. 
 At this date, February, 1902, 
 there is a membership of 475. 
 A Sunday school of 300. A 
 Senior Epworth League of 
 103 and a Junior Epworth 
 League of 50 members. 
 
 The church pays for the 
 support of the ministry 
 $1,725, and paid last year 
 (1901) to missions and other 
 benevolences $840. 
 
 The next session of the In- 
 diana Annual Conference, a 
 body composed of 321 minis- 
 ters, will be held in this 
 church, in September, 1902. 
 
 First Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 The First Presbyterian 
 Church of Vineennes was 
 organized by Rev. Samuel 
 Robertson in 1806, the first 
 place of worship being a 
 short distance in the country 
 and known' as Upper Indiana 
 Church. Rev. Samuel T. 
 Scott was the first pastor and 
 services were held in Vin- 
 rrnnt's at private houses and 
 occasionally at the court 
 house at Third and Buntin 
 Streets. There were two or- 
 Among the first preaching services held by gauizations known as Upper and Lower Indiana 
 the Methodists in Vineennes, of which there is churches, nnd membership was held with either 
 any record, is one conducted by Rev. Wians, at of these till about 1832. when an organization 
 
 First M. E. Church, Fourth and Perry Thomas Campbell, Architect
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 183 
 
 was effected in the city by Rev. Scott with a 
 meinl>ership of thirty-one. 
 Through the influence of Revs. Alexander and 
 
 whose pastorate was from 1833 to 1835. He 
 was succeeded by Rev. John McNarr, 1835-36; 
 Rev. Thos. Alexander, 1836-47; Rev. John P. 
 
 Sunday School Class. Mrs. 
 
 Hawley a considerable amount of money was 
 raised In the East for the erection* of a Church, 
 and a brick edifice, 40x60 feet, was built at 
 Fifth and Busseron Streets. The first pastor 
 of the new church was the Rev. W. W. Martin, 
 
 New Christian Church, Third and Broadway From Architect's Drawing 
 
 {Catherine Morse, M. E. S. S. 
 
 Smith, 1847-56; Rev. John W. Ely the, 1856-58; 
 Rev. J. F. Jennison, 1859-60; Rev. Eli B. Smith, 
 1861-2. In 1862, during the pastorate of Rev. 
 Smith, a schism arose in the church which be- 
 came so bitter as to cause the withdrawal of 
 eighty-seven mem- 
 bers, wlho organized 
 the Second Presby- 
 terian Church of 
 Vincennes. Rev. E. 
 B. Smith continued 
 pastor of the First 
 Church until 1866, 
 and was succeeded 
 by Rev. J. F. Hendy, 
 wlho was the pastor 
 till 1872, when he re- 
 signed and in the fol- 
 lowing year the two 
 churches were re- 
 united under the pas- 
 torate of the Rev. 
 Joseph Vance. 
 
 After the division, 
 in 1862, the Second 
 church was under 
 the ministration of 
 Rev. E. S. Wilson, 
 who was stated sup-
 
 184 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 ply from June, 1862, to 1865. During this time 
 the congregation erected the brick church on 
 Main, between Fifth and Sixth Streets, at a 
 cost of $9,000. Rev. Wilson was succeeded by 
 Rev. Joseph Vance, wfoo was pastor of the 
 Second Church until 1873, and of the re-united 
 church until July 1, of the following year, when 
 he resigned, and was succeeded by the Rev. C. 
 B. H. Martin, who served the church until De- 
 cember, 1877. Three calls were made before 
 the church secured a successor to Rev. Thayer 
 and it was Sept. 10, 1878, wten Rev. E. P. 
 Whalen was installed. H remained in charge 
 ten years, and the church was/then without a 
 pastor some three years, until the Rev. T. S. 
 Scott accepted a call and became pastor in 
 1891, remaining unitil 1896 when 'he was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. George Knox, 1896-1901. Rev. 
 W. A. Hunter, D. D., the present pastor, as- 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, Fifth < 
 
 sumed charge December, 1901. 
 
 In 1884 an elegant new cihurch was erected at 
 Fifth and Busseron Streets at a cost of $14,000. 
 
 and to this an addition was built in 1899, cost- 
 ing about $15,000. 
 
 First Baptist Church. 
 
 The First Baptist Church was organized by 
 Rev. Gillespie in 1860. The present churcfc 
 buildimg was erected six years later at the cor- 
 ner of Fifth and Broadway. Since the organi- 
 zation of this cihurch the pastors have been 
 Revs. Gillispie, Robinson, Bradenbury, Gavins, 
 Stinson, Butler, Kerth, Thomas, Wolford and 
 the present pastor, Rev. W. G. Law. The pres- 
 ent membership is about 230. This church is 
 in excellent working condition, every depart- 
 ment being well organized and harmonious, and 
 the work being successfulfully carried forward. 
 It is interesting to note in this connection that 
 the Rev. Gillespie, the founder of this church.,, 
 is still living at Fort Worth, Texas, at the ad- 
 vanced age of eighty- 
 five years. 
 
 Church of St. 
 John the Baptist. 
 
 Prior to the year 
 1851 the German 
 Catholics at Vin- 
 cennes (had no sep- 
 arate organization 
 and worshipped at 
 the Cathedral, with 
 occasional services in 
 German. In 1846, 
 Rev. Charles Opper- 
 man had his resi- 
 dence at tlhe Cathe- 
 dral and conducted 
 services in German. 
 He was succeeded 
 by Rev. Conrad 
 S c h n e i derjans in 
 1847. Their first 
 church was built 
 der the adminis- 
 tration of the Rev. 
 Nicholas S.tauber in 
 18M, being a brick 
 building 40x80 feet 
 ard forming part of 
 the present hand- 
 
 id Busseron 
 
 some structure at Eighth and Main Streets. 
 Rev. Stauber was succeeded by Rev. Leonard 
 Brandt, who had charge till 1856. The first
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 185 
 
 resident iirh'st and pastor was William Enjjeln. 
 who reiuaimtd till 1853, and was succeeded by 
 Jicv. Acu'ldins Joseph Merz, who took charge in 
 
 was organized on the 3d Sunday in June, 1833. 
 It is not known by whom the church was or- 
 ganized, nor how many and who the charter 
 members were. The 
 only on>*5 that it is 
 definitely known 
 were charter mem- 
 bers were H. D. 
 Wheeler and wife, 
 and Samuel Piety 
 and wife.. For fifteen 
 years after the or- 
 ganization of the 
 church, the society 
 was without a fixed 
 home of worship. 
 During that time its 
 services were held 
 in private houses, 
 town hall, court 
 house &c. 
 
 On May 5, 1846, 
 the plot of ground on 
 
 Baptist Church, Association Tiim Fifth, betw:n 
 
 1863. In 1866, under direction of Rev. Merz 
 the sanctuary was removed and the church en- 
 larged in the form of a cross. It is' now 40x154 
 feet and has a transept 40x80 feet. Rev. Merz' 
 labors resulted in making this one of the finest 
 church properties in the diocese. The first 
 parochial school was opened in 1851, private 
 houses being utilized in lieu of a school build- 
 ing. In 1856 a small school building was erect- 
 ed, and this was siiperseded in 1873, under the 
 administration of Rev. Merz, by the present 
 commodious two-story building. The school is 
 now in charge of Prof. Nicholas Schnell, as- 
 sisted by three Sisters of Providence, and has 
 an average attendance of about 220. The 
 priests' residence was erected about 1855 or '56. 
 Rev. Merz continued in charge of this con- 
 gregation till his death. March 27, 1897. The 
 present pastor. Rev. Meinrad Fleischmann, 
 came to the charge on the 10th of the following 
 December, and has been here continuously 
 sinice. The present membership includes about 
 350 families. 
 
 Christian Church. 
 
 The Christian Church, of Vincennes, Ind., 
 
 which 
 church 
 stands 
 chased 
 
 the present 
 building 
 was pur- 
 from Judge 
 
 Broadway and Buntin 
 
 Blackford anid deed- 
 ed to H. D. Wheeler, Alpheus Draper and D. J. 
 R. Mantle, in trust, as trustees of the 6hurch. 
 In the fall of that same year the congregation 
 began the erection of a house of worship. It 
 was dedicated Oct. 19; 1848. For many years 
 the church was without a regular pastor. It 
 was dependent on evangelists and lay brothers; 
 for preaching for many years. Among the 
 first preachers were: Michael Combs, Father 
 Palmer. Morris Trimble. David Worfor, James 
 M. Mathes, Elijah Goodwin, Jdhni O'Kane, L. 
 H. Jameson, P. K. Dibble, O. A. Bartholomew, 
 Prof. Amzi, At/water, J. K. Speer, Stephen Bur- 
 net, Dr. Eccles, J. H. Harrison. In 1861 the 
 church was visited by Alexander Campbell. In 
 18C5 the church employed T. T. Holton as its 
 pastor for full time. He was the first man so 
 employed. In 1869 W. H. Tiller was called to 
 the past orate. In 1871 T. J. Clark was called. 
 He remained with it for 21 years. He was 
 followed bq J. W. Jessup, 'he by G. M. Weimes, 
 who was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. 
 Wm. Oeschger. The church at present num- 
 bers 500 members. In the spring of 1902 it will 
 build one of the finest churches in the city, cor- 
 ner Third and Broadway, at a cost of $30,000.
 
 186 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Cumberland Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The First Cumberland Presbyterian Church 
 of Vincennes was organized at the court house. 
 April 28, 1890, by Rev. H. Clay Yates, assisted 
 
 Watson, Mrs. Mary Underwood, Elizabeth In- 
 gram, Joseph Roseman, Hannah Presnell, Jen- 
 nie Hazen, Lueinda Sawyer, Ella J. Medcalf, 
 Emma McCarrell. The church building waa 
 erected during the summer of 1890. The church 
 
 by Rev. Alonzo Yates, of Monroe City. The 
 following are the charter members: Mrs. Sallie 
 Setzer, Nannie Setzer, Alfred Reel, W. H. Wil- 
 son, Lee Milam, Emma Presnell. John S. Saw- 
 yer, Cassada Pinkstaff, N. E. Medcalf, Wm. A. 
 Reel, Mary A. Mass, Emma Setzer, Lueinda 
 
 has had four pastors, Rev. H, Clay Yates, from 
 April 28, 1890, to April 1, 1895; Rev. F. A. 
 Grant, from July 1, 1895. to Jan. 1. 189(5; Rev. J. 
 X. McDonald, from March, 1897, to April, 1901; 
 Rev. J. B. Miller, the present pastor, took 
 charge May 5, 1901. The church has a pres-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 187 
 
 ent membership of 230 and a Sunday school en- 
 rollment of 237. There is also a Ladies' Aid 
 Society, Malonna Circle, Missionary Society and 
 Senior and Junior Christian Endeavor Societies. 
 
 St. John's 
 
 Evangelical 
 
 Church. 
 
 St. John's Evangel- 
 ical Church was or- 
 ganized in 1849 by a 
 little band of no 
 more than six fami- 
 lies of Germans who 
 had settled in Viii- 
 cennes and Who had 
 begun to hunger tc 
 hear the gospel 
 preached in their 
 mother tongue, when 
 in August, 1849, a 
 young preacher, 
 Rev. P. C. Thomson, 
 on his way to St. 
 Louis chanced, to 
 stop over for a day 
 or so in the city. The 
 few German fami- 
 lies here, both Lu- 
 therans and Evan 
 gelical, by consider- 
 able effort, prevailed 
 on him to remain 
 and preach to them. 
 Then* meetings were 
 for a time held ii> 
 the town hall. Mr. 
 Thomson proved an 
 energetic and capable man and though his in- 
 come from his small congregation was neces- 
 sarily very small, not over 30c or 40c a day, he 
 added somewhat to his income by teaching 
 German and by "boarding around" among the 
 members of his congregation was enabled to 
 live. At the end of nine mouths, however, re- 
 ceiving a call from Louisville, he was con- 
 strained to accept and his little congregation 
 paid him ini full and released him with earnest 
 prayers for his success in a field better adapted 
 to his abilities. Rev. Thomson was succeeded 
 after an interval of some months by the Rev. 
 Carl Kuster. 18.">l-53. Rev. Kuster being called 
 to Terre Haute the congregation was again for 
 
 some time without a pastor. Then came Rev. 
 Frederick Schlundt Who appears to have sys- 
 tematized the work of the church, prepared a 
 code of by-laws and the firat preserved records 
 
 Church of St. John The Baptist Eighth and Main 
 
 of the church were begun under his administra- 
 tion. He was succeeded in December, 1855, by 
 Rev. Cornbaum, under whose administration 
 the first church edifice was erected, at Eighth 
 and Scott Streets. Soon afterward there was a 
 division in the church, one faction adhering to 
 the Evangelical and the other to the Lutheran 
 faith. Of the Evangelical branch the first 
 pastor was Rev. Christopher Jung, 1857-9. For 
 some time thereafter there was no regular pas- 
 tor but the church was occasionally supplied 
 by Rev. Hoffmeister, of Freelandville. Rev. 
 Frederick Durlitz became pastor in 1862, and 
 continued in charge till 1804. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. C. Hoffmeister, 1864-65; Rev.
 
 188 
 
 VlNCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 Wm. Jung, 1865-70; Rev. Nicholas Burkhart, 
 1871-73; Rev. Paul Werber, 1873-74; Rev. Albert 
 Schorey, 1874-83; Rev. Otto J. Kuss, 1884-85; 
 Rev. Reller, 1886-1901; Rev. Henry Mehl, nine 
 months of 1901, his pastorate 'having been ter 
 urinated by Ms death. The pastor-elect is Rev. 
 Louis Holman. Mr. and Mrs John Hamm, of 
 1204 North First Street, are probably the only 
 living members of the original organization. 
 The present 'handsome church edifice at Fifth 
 and Hart Streets, was erected in 1886, at a cost 
 of $12,000. The present parsonage was built in 
 1899 at a cost of $3,800. 
 
 St. John's Lutheran Church. 
 
 St. John's Lutheran Church was organized in 
 1859. The congregation erected a church build- 
 ing at the corner of Eighth and Scott Streets. 
 The first pastor was the Rev. Peter Seuel, who 
 was ordained and in- 
 stalled Oct. 26th, 
 He was s u c- 
 ceeded by the Rev. 
 F. R. Tramm, Sept. 
 26th, 1869, who 
 continued in charge 
 pastorate the congre- 
 till 1880. During his 
 gation builded a 
 larger 'house of wor- 
 ship, a handsome 
 brick structure, cost- 
 ing $10,000 at the 
 corner of Eighth and Scott Streets, to succeed 
 the first church building; the new edifice was 
 dedicated Dec. 10, 1876. Rev. Tramm was suc- 
 ceeded by the Rev. C. F. Huge, Sept. 26, 1880. 
 His successor, the Rev. G. Goesswein, was in- 
 stalled Jan. llth, 1885, and served till June, 
 1897. The present pastor, Rev. Carl Kretz- 
 mann, was installed Sept. 12, 1897, and his as- 
 sistant pastor and 
 missionary, the Rev. 
 Martin Kretzmann, 
 was ordained and in- 
 stalled Aug. 4, 1901. 
 
 This congregation 
 maintains continual- 
 ly a parochial- school 
 since 1859, and erect- 
 ed a two-story bricM 
 school house, next to 
 the church, in 1866. 
 
 Rev. Martin Kretzmann The number of 
 
 Rev. Carl Kretzmann 
 
 scholars at present is ninety, wlio are in charge 
 of the teacher, Mr. August Fathauer and the 
 Rev. Martin Kretzmann, and their assistant, 
 Mrs. Julia Steffen. 
 
 The trustees at the present time are Messrs 
 E. H. Younghans, John Kirsch and Geo. Hall. 
 
 f 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 Malluch Court, No. 45, T. B. H. 
 
 Malluch Court, No. 45, Tribe of Ben Hur, was 
 organized at Yincentnes Dec. 4. 1895, with eigh- 
 ty-one (83)- charter members. The first officers 
 were: Chief, Dr. H. S. Latshaw; Judge, Alfred^ 
 Laue; Teacher, Rev. J. N. Jessup; Scribe, Will 
 L. Te Walt; Keeper of Tribute, John T. Boyd; 
 Captain, Samuel Thompson; Guide, Ed. S. 
 Sparrow. 
 
 The trustees were William C. Bierhaus, Geo. 
 W. Donaldson, and Alfred S. Laue. 
 
 The court lias had a prosperous existence and 
 has always had a strong membership, composed 
 of the better class of citizens. Its' present mem- 
 bership is about four hundred, with the follow- 
 ing 'officers: Past Chief, Arthur T. Cobb; Chief, 
 John (j. Wise: Judge, Mrs. Mamie Sliugert; 
 Teacher. Mrs. Melissa Evans; SCribe, Will L. Te 
 Walt; Keeper of Tribute. Mrs. Nannie Lat- 
 shaw; Captain, Winfield W. Robinson; Guide, 
 Miss Gertrude Scott: Keeper of the Inner Gate, 
 Jas. Hensley; Outer Guard, T. J. Burrell. Since 
 the organization of Malluch Court nine deaths 
 have occurred in its membership and the losses 
 paid to beneficiaries have aggregated $12,500. 
 Ini every case payment was made promptly 
 after proof furnished, in some cases within a 
 week from Hhe date of death. 
 
 Malluch Court is a live and active organiza- 
 tion, has excellent paraphernalia and fine uni- 
 forms and one of the best drilled teams in the 
 state for the exemplification of the work. 
 
 FEATURES OF THE TRIBE OF BEN HUR. 
 
 In no case will more than $3,000 be granted 
 on any one life. 
 
 A monthly payment, as above, from each 
 member holding a beneficial certificate will be 
 due on the first day of each month, and must 
 be paid to the Scribe of his or her Court on, OP 
 before the 25th day of each month, without 
 notice. 
 
 In addition to above payment, as per the* 
 table of rates, each beneficial member must 
 pay a per capita tax of 75 cents in June an'l
 
 BEN HUR 
 
 I. WinfieldW. Robinson, Captain. 2. James Hensley, Master Cer. 3 . Miss Dollie Phillips, Pianist. 4. J. C. Wise, Aus. 
 5. Mrs. Nannie E. Latshaw, Past Chief. 6. Peter J. Burns, Sitting Chief. 7. Miu Lizzie Bombarg, Terza. 8. Mr. Sue 
 Hensley, Judge. 9. Mrs. May Burns, Lady Guide. J 0. Dr. H. S. Latshaw, Drill Master. J J. Fred. Shugrt, Guide. 12. Mrs. 
 Malissa Evans, Teacher. 13. Miss Effie Bombarg, Hebrew Girl. 14. Mrs. Mamie Shugert, Mother of Hur. 15. Albert Brook*, 
 Rabbi Joseph. 1 6. A. Grant McKay, Ben Hur.
 
 190 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 ^UHUggDHI 
 
 December 
 
 Ben Hur Boat in Floral 
 of each year, in addition to the local 
 
 Court dues. 
 
 
 TABLE OF 
 
 RATES. 
 
 
 MONTHLY PAYMENTS ACCORDING TO 
 Whole One and One 
 At the Certificate, Mo. half Certificate, 
 ages Payment Mo. Payment, 
 of $1.00 $1.50 
 
 25 to 29 1,400 2,100 
 
 AGE 
 Double 
 Cert. 
 Mo. Pa>- 
 
 ment $2.00 
 
 2,800 
 
 29 to 33 
 
 1,300 
 
 1,950 
 
 2,600 
 
 33 to 37 
 
 1,200 
 
 1,800 
 
 2,400 
 
 37 to 40 
 
 1,100 
 
 1,650 
 
 2,200 
 
 40 to 43 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,500 
 
 2,000 
 
 43 to 45 
 
 900 
 
 1,350 . 
 
 1,800 
 
 45 to 47 
 
 800 
 
 1,200 
 
 1,600 
 
 47 to 48 
 
 700 
 
 1,050 
 
 1,400 
 
 48 to 49 
 
 600 
 
 900 
 
 1,200 
 
 49 to 50 
 
 500 
 
 750 
 
 1,000 
 
 18 to 15 
 
 $1,500 
 
 $2,250 
 
 . $3,000 
 
 COST OF MEMBERSHIP. 
 The cost to become a member -of the Tribe of 
 Ben Hur is as follows: 
 Membership Fee, $5.00; Certificate and Regis- 
 
 Parade July 4, J900 
 
 tration, $1.00; Local Medical Examiner, $1.00; 
 Supreme Medical Examiner 50 conts. 
 
 The above fees must be paid to the authorized 
 Deputy in Charge of the institution of the Court, 
 as follows, viz: $2.50 when application is made, 
 and $5.00 upon the delivery of certificate. 
 
 DISTINCTIVE FEATURES. 
 
 First Men affld women are alike eligible to 
 membership. 
 
 Second The protection is graded according 
 to age, but tfhe monthly payments remain the 
 same. 
 
 Tfhird No assessments upon death of mem- 
 bers. 
 
 Fourth An Old Age Disability, of one-tenth 
 of the face of the Certificate, after 70 years of 
 age. 
 
 Fifth A Partial Disability of one-half of the 
 face of the Certificate for the "loss of both legs, 
 both arms, or one leg and one arm by amputa- 
 tion, or the loss of the sight of both eyes. Or,
 
 V1NCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 191 
 
 one-fourth of the face of the Certificate for the 
 loss of one leg or one hand by amputation. 
 
 .Sixth A Reserve Fund is created by setting 
 aside ten per cent, of the monthly payments. 
 WHY YOU SHOULD JOIN 
 
 THE TRIBE OF BEN HUR. 
 
 It is a new order, founded in 1894, has a 
 beautiful ritualistic work, drawn from the 
 book Ben Hur. 
 
 It has a very rigid medical examination; none 
 but first-class risks accepted. 
 
 The amount of a member's certificate does 
 not change with advancing age, but remains 
 the same in. amount as when issued. 
 
 Its plans are entirely different from all as- 
 sessment orders that collect assessments only 
 
 the only heretofore weak feature in fraternal 
 protection. 
 
 Tecumseh Camp, 3945, M. W. A. 
 
 Tecumseh Camp, No. 3945, Modern Woodmen 
 of America, was after two preliminary meet- 
 ings, organized June 17, 1896, and its charter 
 bears date Aug. 29, 1896. The charter members 
 were: C. W. Benham, M. D., F. A. Berry, John 
 Branon. Otto Brandt, John T. Boyd, Earl H. 
 Buck, Peter J. Burns, Owen Coleman, Thos. B. 
 Coulter, J. H. Cannon, W. W. Cassell, C. W. 
 Fyffe, L. Geschwindner, W. A. Hartwell, Jas. 
 X. McCoy, M. D., F. W. Planke, H. E. Planke 
 Z. Pulliam, Ohas. A. Sanford, M. D., Alex P. 
 Smyth, W. T. Smith, J.' F. Somes, M. D., W. 
 L. Te Walt, Edward L. Townsley, Robert P. 
 
 Photo by She res 
 
 
 Old Town Hall, Built 1837. Removed 1886 
 
 on the death of their members, but make no 
 provision for future years wlien the death rate 
 increases. 
 
 It makes mo assessment at death, but collects 
 a uniform monthly payment, thus enabling you 
 to know just what to pay. 
 
 A reserve fund of 10 per cent, is set aside 
 from each stated monthly payment. This fund 
 and its accumulations, cannot be used for any 
 other purpose except to provide against exce-s 
 sive or unusual mortality. This makes strong 
 
 Weems. Gilbert Williams, O. B. Williamson. 
 
 The officers elected and installed at the meet- 
 ing of June 17, 1896, were as follows: Dr. J. F. 
 Somes, V. C.; Wm. T. Smitih, W. A.; John T. 
 Boyd, E. B.; Will L. Te Walt, Clerk; O. B. 
 Williamson. Escort; Alex Smith, W.; Wm. 
 Hartwell. Secretary; C. W. Beniham, J. N. Mc- 
 Coy, Physicians; Edward L. Townsley, Dele- 
 irate: Z. Pulliam, Chas. A. Sanford, O. W. Cole- 
 ma in. Managers. 
 
 The organization has suffered but one death
 
 MODERN WOODMEN 
 
 12. John Burway, Forestr. 13. E. J. Worth, forester.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 193 
 
 loss at this place, that of Ohas. A. Sanford, who 
 died in November, 1896, about five months from 
 the date of the organization. The increase in 
 membership of this camp lhas not been rapid, 
 but it is now experiencing a steady and healthy 
 growth and has a present membership of about 
 120. The present officers are: V. C., Dr. J. H. 
 Hammon; W. A., Edward Yocum; E. B., Jesse 
 P. Haughton; Clerk, Robt. N. Johnson; Escort, 
 Geo. Glass; W., Henry Mull; Sentinel, Alex 
 Cornoyer; Managers, Otto C. Busse, Wm. S. 
 Racy, Chas. Fyffe. 
 
 The Modern Woodmen of America had its' 
 beginning at Lyons, Iowa, when Pioneer Cam]). 
 No. 1, was organized, Jan. 5, 1883. The origi- 
 nator of Woodcraft, Mr. J. C. Root, of Lyons. 
 
 Photo by Townsley 
 
 was practically confined to Illinois, Iowa, Kan- 
 sas and Nebraska, the most marked growth be- 
 ing in t!he first named state. At the close of 
 the year 1888, the membership was 24,980. The 
 society had paid eighty-five death claims, every 
 one but the first (which occurred before the as- 
 sessments collected amounted to $1,000) being 
 paid in full, and the total disbursements had 
 amounted to $170,000. 
 
 In 1890 Head Consul Root having withdrawn 
 from the order and organized a rival society, 
 W. A. Northcott, of Greenville, 111., now Lieu 
 tenant-Governor of Illinois, became Head Con- 
 sul and under his leadership the order has had 
 a phenomenal growth, distancing all competi- 
 tors in the field of fraternal insurance. 
 
 The New Grand, Third and Busseron 
 
 became the Head Consul of the order and so 
 continued for a number of years. 
 
 The second and third camps of the order 
 were organized at Fulton and Lanark, 111., re- 
 spectively, and for a number of years the work 
 
 The total insurance In force Nov. 1, 1901, was 
 $1,075,200,500. 
 
 The total paid to beneficiaries to the same 
 date was $23,649,449.30. 
 
 The total membership in good standing was
 
 194 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 657,310, distributed among 10,010 local camps. 
 The average cost of insurance in this organi- 
 zation never has exceeded $4,95 per thousand 
 
 members of the order has therefore ruled lower 
 than in any similar order in existence. Deputy 
 Head Consul P. W. Whirlock, \viho resides in 
 
 DINING ROOM, NEW GRAND HOTEL 
 
 per annum, being lowest of any beneficiary or- 
 ganization in the world. 
 
 The ritual of the Modern Woodmen of Amer- 
 ica is original and striking and the work digni- 
 fied and impressive. The fraternal features of 
 the order are strong and binding. This char- 
 acteristic of woodcraft 'has done much to give 
 '< Uie great lead it has gained and maintained 
 for a number of years among fraternal benefici- 
 ary societies. 
 
 The confinement of its organizations to the 
 Northern states, Where the death rate is much 
 lower than In the Southern states and the ex^ 
 elusion from membership of the more hazard- 
 ous occupations has also tended, in no small 
 degree, to keep down the death rate and conse- 
 quently the required number of assessments 
 which have never exceeded eleven In any year. 
 The cost of benefits to families of deceased 
 
 Vincenries aoid who has charge of the work of 
 extension of the order ill a district comprising a 
 number of adjacent counties, is a reliable, capa* 
 ble and consciencious worker, selecting his can- 
 didates for membership carefully both as to 
 character and quality of risk, and the member- 
 ship he has gained has added strength and mor- 
 al standing to the various camps within hia 
 jurisdiction!. . 
 
 4 s 
 
 New Grand Hotel. 
 
 The new Grand Hotel, of which a cut ap- 
 pears herein, is one of the best appointed and 
 best managed hostelries in the state. The Old 
 Grand Hotel was bought by Messrs. C. W. 
 Padgett and P. H. Blue, of Sullivan, Ind., In 
 1899, at executor's sale. They immediately 
 had plans prepared for its improvement, direct-
 
 VIXCENNES IN PICTURE AND STOKY 
 
 195 
 
 to 
 C 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 w 
 
 ing their architect to provide for a generous ex- 
 penditure of money in that direction. Early 
 in the following year work was begun and the 
 old structure was thoroughly remodeled and 
 rebuilt at a cost of $50,000. As the house now 
 stands it has seventy elegant sleeping rooms 
 
 luxuriously furnished throughout. In its culi- 
 nary appointments anid in the conveniences and 
 comforts offered in a general way to its guests 
 the New Grand is surpassed by few hotels in 
 the state. The manager, Mr. Al M. Ford, is a 
 thoroughly experienced hotel man, familiar
 
 196 
 
 VINCENNES IX PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 w 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 w
 
 VINCENNES IX TICTUKE AND STORY 
 
 197 
 
 with every department, and knows full well 
 how to add to the comfort and pleasure of his 
 guests. The rates are two to three dollars and 
 the popularity of the New Grand with the trav- 
 eling public is such that there is seldom a time 
 when! they are not taxed to meet the demands 
 for accommodation. 
 
 The First Regiment Band. 
 
 The First Regiment Band is the successor of 
 'Balue's Independent Band," organized by 
 Arthur M. Balue, in March, 1899, the name be- 
 ing changed to that at present worn in June, 
 1900, when it was attached officially to the 
 First Regiment of the Indiana National Guard. 
 In the presenit organization are four members 
 of the original "Independent Band." There 
 are in the present organization tAventy-five 
 members, as follows: Arthur M. Balue, Direct- 
 or; Q. V. List, Solo Cornet: J. G. Hunckler, Solo 
 Cornet; J. B. King, Solo Cornet; J. C. Wagner, 
 First Cornet; C. W. Miller. Second Cornet; 
 Joseph Goddard, Solo Clarinet; Wm. Oatlett, 
 First Flarinet; F. W. Boone, Second Clarinet; 
 Ohas. Leonard, E Flat Clarinet; John Marvel, 
 First Alto; M. Gluck, Second Alto; T. J. Acker, 
 Third Alto; A. Furguson, Fourth Alto; A. F. 
 Raker, E Flat Bass: Jos. I, Stoll. E Flat Bass; 
 A. F. Fischer, Trombone; Ohas. Purcell, Trom- 
 bone; J. W. Brockfcmith, Baritone; Jos. Moss, 
 Saxophone; Jas. Williams, Trombone; .Chas. D. 
 
 K;irson, Bass; W. C. Teschner, Side Drum; Al- 
 vin McCormick, Trombone; Howard Earl, 
 Drum Major. 
 
 It is an unusually strong aggregation of 
 musicians and has never failed to carry off the 
 honors whenever it has been pitted against 
 other organizations. 
 
 Arthur M. Balue, the director, was born at 
 Cerro Gordo, 111., and at the age of eight years 
 came with his parents to Vincennes, where he 
 was educated. He early developed a musical 
 talent of a superior order, and taking up the 
 study without an instructor, began, at the age 
 of nineteen years to give special attention to it. 
 When twenty-one years of age he became a 
 member of Piankeshaw Band, of the city, un- 
 der the leadership of George McDonald. He 
 soon after went on the road as a professional, 
 which he continued for several seasons, being 
 connected with a number of the best profes- 
 sional aggregations. In March, 1899, as stated, 
 he organized "Balue's Independent 'Band and 
 Orchestra," which, in June, 1900, became the 
 .First Regiment Band. Mr. Balue has con- 
 tinued to direct the band from its first organi- 
 zation to the present, with great satisfaction 
 to its membership. In a business way Mr. 
 Balue is associated with Mr. L. P. Colenbaugb 
 in the grocery business at 1008 North Second. 
 
 Mr. Balue was married in October, 1900, to 
 Miss Mary Acker, of Vincennes. They have 
 one soni. 
 
 "Little Joe" Earl and His Drawing, Made at Age of Four Years
 
 198 
 
 VINCBNNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 A Youthful Prodigy. 
 
 "Little Joe" Earl, whose portrait appears 
 above, taken when in his fifth year, is a prodigy 
 in many respects and has been a puzzle to phy- 
 sicians and nmtfy others who have taken an in- 
 terest in his talents and genius. Before he was 
 four years of age his parents, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Howard Earl, of Eleventh and Main Streets, 
 discovered signs of a remarkable mechanical 
 genius and a talent for drawing which came to 
 tfhern as a surprise, and they began more closely 
 to observe tlieir little sou. They soon found him 
 unlike other children in that he possessed a re- 
 markable memory, seldom forgetting anything 
 one told him. His father being a switchman 
 in the employ of the I. & V. Railroad, 'he natur- 
 ally took an interest in engines. He was soon 
 able to produce with dialk on a blackboard 
 with which he had been provided a wonderfully 
 true sketch of a locomotive engine. One of 
 
 these, drawn when "Little Joe" was four years 
 of age, was photographed and is here repro- 
 duced. Joe is a diminutive bit of humanity, 
 but may be depended on to give an intelligent 
 answer to almost any question on any subject. 
 There is niot the smallest part of a railway en- 
 gine whose name and use he has not known for 
 years. He is familiar with the rules governing 
 tllie engineer in various emergencies that may 
 arise. But it is not only in these matters that 
 he is informed; he knows much of history, of 
 physiology and various other knowledge n<ot 
 '. ound in the average head many times the age 
 of his own. His ready understanding and re- 
 tentive memory make 'him truly a wonder on 
 account of his extreme youth. He has never 
 attended school, physicians having advised 
 against it on account of his frail little body. 
 His wonderful knowledge seems to be almost 
 intuitive, so readily is it acquired. 
 
 The public schools of Vincennes are equal in 
 equipment and efficiency to those of any other 
 
 of which the central building at Seventh and 
 Buntin Streets was the first* erected, 1865. It 
 has a corps of eleven 
 teachers and is pre- 
 sided over by Prof. 
 M. R. Ivirk, a gradu- 
 ate of the State Nor- 
 mal School of Terre 
 Haute and of the 
 State University at 
 Bloomington, where 
 he took the classical 
 course. 
 
 No. 2, which was 
 built in 1884, a con- 
 siderable addition be- 
 ing made in 1895, is 
 located at Second 
 and I n d i anapolie 
 Avenue, North Vin- 
 cennes, and has six 
 teachers, of whom 
 M iss Josephine 
 Crotts is principal. 
 
 No. 3, erected in 
 1877, is the school 
 Vincennes High School. Fifth and Buntin f or colored pupils, 
 
 city of the same size in the state. They are sup- and is loeatedfat Twelfth and Seminary Streets. 
 
 plied with six large and commodious buildings, The principal. R. L. Anthony, is a colored edu-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 199 
 
 cator of ability and there are three departments. 
 No. 4. erected in 1878, Seventh and Barnet, 
 the "West Side School," 
 has four departments, 
 with A. B. Mavity as 
 principal. 
 
 No. 5. built in 1891, 
 Eleventh and Hickman, 
 "East End School." has 
 a corps of six teachers, 
 with Miss Melvina 
 Keith as principal. 
 
 No. 6, the High 
 School, was built in 
 1897. and is one of the 
 
 M. J. Nfclacfc. Prudent mogt 
 
 school buildings in the 
 state. It is a handsome 
 structure of yellow 
 brick, with every mod- 
 ern appliance, including 
 a finely appointed gym- 
 nasium, which is under 
 the supervision of a 
 thorough teacher of 
 physical culture, and a 
 large and commodious 
 auditorium, where lec- 
 tures and a variety of 
 e n t e r t a i nments are 
 given. 
 
 The public library, 
 which is a part of 
 the educational sys- 
 tem and under the 
 control and manage- 
 ment of the school 
 board, is located in 
 the City Hall, where 
 it has a very hand- 
 s o in e 1 y appointed 
 apartment. It was 
 established in 1889, 
 the first librarian be- 
 ing Miss Mary Scott, 
 now Mrs. G. W. 
 Shaw, who served in 
 that capacity till 
 Dec ember, 1897. 
 when she tendered 
 lier resignation, and 
 Miss Myrtle Ruddy 
 
 H. T. Wa, Secretary 
 
 Huddy has served continuously since that date. 
 There are in th? library about five thousand vol- 
 umes, selected with a 
 special view to the 
 wants of the students 
 of the public schools, 
 but the benefits of the 
 library are open to any 
 citizen of Viucennes 
 without charge, on com- 
 pliance with the rules 
 of the institution. The 
 expenditure for the 
 library in 1901 was $730. 
 The members of the 
 School Board are Hon. 
 Mason J. Niblack, President; Eugene Hack, and 
 H. Thornton Willis, Secretary, all broad-minded, 
 progressive men, who spare no pains or ex- 
 l>ense. when the good of the schools is involved 
 Superintendent A. E. Humke is an educator of 
 broad culture and large experience and pos- 
 sessed of the requisite energy and judgment to 
 maintain the high standard of excellence of 
 these schools, which is. indeed, in no small 
 measure due to his labors. 
 
 The investment in school property in the city 
 of Yinf-ennes will easily reach $150.000. and the 
 annual expenditure largely exceeds $30,000. 
 
 E. Hack 
 
 was appointed to 
 succeeded her. Miss 
 
 Central School, No. \, Seventh and Buntin
 
 200 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 The expenditure for the year 1901, includ- 
 ing salaries of teachers and janitors and fuel, 
 water, furniture, repairs, apparatus, books, &c, 
 including also the public library, amounted to 
 $34,155. The board has under consideration 
 plans to enlarge the 
 facilities by the erec- 
 tion of further build- 
 ings to accommodate 
 the increasing num- 
 ber of pupils, due to 
 the growth of the 
 city. It is highly 
 probable that the 
 next few months 
 will see another 
 handsome school 
 building under way. 
 
 H. T. WILLIS, Sec. 
 Henry Thornton 
 Willis was born at 
 Bruceville, K n o x 
 County, Aug. 29, 
 1862. He received 
 his early education 
 In the public schools 
 and later attended' 
 the State Normal 
 School at Terre 
 
 Haute and became a teacher in the schools of 
 Knox County, being so engaged for six years. 
 He was then for five years city editor of the 
 Daily Sun, after which, in 1891, he became 
 cashier of the Union Depot Hotel, a position 
 
 East End School, Eleventh and Hickman 
 
 North Vincennes School, Second and Indianapolis Avenue 
 
 which he has held 
 continuously since 
 that date. 
 
 The high estima- 
 tion in which Mr. 
 Willis is held in the 
 community is evi- 
 denced by the num- 
 ber of positions of 
 trust and responsibil- 
 ity he has held. He 
 was elected secretary 
 of the Board of 
 Trade, March 24, 
 '1899, and has served 
 in that capacity 
 since that time, hav- 
 ing been re-elected 
 annually. He be- 
 came a member of 
 the City Board of 
 Education in June, 
 1899, and was at the 
 first meeting there-
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 201 
 
 after elected secretary of the board. The fol- 
 lowing year he was chosen treasurer and secre- 
 
 West Side School, Seventh and 
 tary again the next year, in which position he 
 still serves. He was for a number of years 
 secretary and treasurer of the Security Spoke 
 Manufacturing Co., of the city, and was for 
 twelve years, from 1889 to 1901, secretary of 
 the Old Settlers' As- 
 Bociation. of Knox, 
 County. He is a 
 member of the 
 Christian C h u r c h; 
 and has been treas- 
 urer of that organi- 
 zation since 1896. In 
 politics he is a dem- 
 ocrat, though of Re- 
 publican stock. Mr. 
 Willis was married, 
 June 17, 1896, to 
 Miss Grace Burnet 
 of the city. They 
 have one son. 
 
 PROP. ALBERT 
 E. HUMKE. 
 
 January 23, 1864. He attended the public 
 schools and a gymnasium of his native country 
 until fifteen years of 
 age, when he, with 
 mother and family, 
 immigrated to this 
 country, coming di- 
 rect to Wabash, Ind., 
 in 1869, soon after 
 locating in Laketon, 
 where our subject 
 attended the public 
 schools for three 
 years and then be- 
 came a teacher. The 
 better to fit himself 
 for his chosen pro- 
 fession he attended 
 the State Normal 
 School at Terre 
 Haute, from which 
 he was graduated 
 with honors in 1877. 
 Subseque ntly he 
 taught as principal 
 Baxt of one of the Ward 
 
 schools of Wabash. Following this he was 
 for seven years instructor in reading in the 
 State Normal School at Terre Haute. In 1891, 
 Prof. Humke became superintendent of the 
 city schools of Vincennes, a position which he 
 
 Albert E. Humke 
 was born in Lippe, 
 Detmold, Germany, 
 
 Colored School, Twelfth and Seminary
 
 202 
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 has since held, to the pleasure and profit of 
 their patrons and whose duties he has per- 
 formed with an 
 assiduity and wis- 
 dom that has 
 resulted in one of 
 the best conduct- 
 ed educational de- 
 partments in the 
 State. 
 
 Professor 
 Humke was mar- 
 ried in 1877 to 
 Miss Mantle D. 
 Gregory of Mar- 
 
 I Would Love to Go Back. 
 
 tinsville, 111. 
 
 A. E. HUMKE, 
 
 Vlncennes, 
 
 St. Rose Academy. 
 
 St. Rose Academy, conducted by the Sistera 
 of Providence, whose Mother House is at St. 
 Mary's of the Woods, 
 Vigo County, Indi- 
 ana, was founded in 
 1842. During the 
 sixty years of its ex- 
 istence it has kept 
 pace with the edu- 
 cational demands of 
 the times, offering 
 accommodations for 
 resident students as 
 well as day scholars. 
 The regular course 
 of instruction com- 
 prises three depart- 
 ments: Primary, In- 
 termediate, Acad- 
 emic. A commercial 
 course can also be 
 pursued if desired. 
 The scholastic year 
 is divided into two 
 terms of twenty St. Rose 
 
 weeks eacli. The number of pupils attending 
 is two hundred and sixty; the number of teach- 
 ers employed is twelve. Instruction is given 
 in piano and vocal music, and the various 
 stringed instruments. Public recitals form a 
 feature of the educational system, thus pre- 
 paring the pupils for appearance in public and 
 maintaining among them a spirit of interest 
 and emulation. 
 
 (George R. Harvey's Muse Sings of His 
 Heart's Desire.) 
 
 I would like to go back 
 To the days of my boyhood, 
 In life's morning march, 
 When my bosom was young; 
 Re-tread the old paths 
 That ran through the wild-wood, 
 And sing the old songs 
 That we neighbor boys sung. 
 
 I would love to go back 
 To that double log cabin, 
 In wihich I was taught 
 My first little prayer, 
 And hear Brother Strainge, 
 The old Circuit Rider, 
 Preach to the people, 
 Who came far and near. 
 
 Academy, Fifth and Seminary 
 I would love to sit down 
 In my father's old orchard, 
 Where the Romanite, Pippin^ 
 And bellflower grew. 
 'Twas the fruit of the country; 
 Yes, fruit of my boyhood, 
 But where it's all gone 
 Good Lord only knows.
 
 VINCENNES IN PICTURE AND STORY 
 
 203 
 
 I would love to look back 
 
 On the old sweep-mill in the valley, 
 
 In which I once worked 
 
 In life's early morn, 
 
 In a seat on the sweep, 
 
 Behind the two horses, 
 
 To keep them both moving 
 
 While grinding the corn. 
 
 Yes, I would like to go back 
 
 To that old beech log 
 
 By the path through the forest, 
 
 On which I once sat 
 
 Near the pigeon roost ground, 
 
 And see the birds coming 
 
 By thousands, yes. millions, 
 
 And cover the trees for many miles round. 
 
 'Twas a sight of a life-time, 
 And oft I have wondered 
 If the days that have passed 
 Would ever roll round 
 
 And bring back the good times 
 I had in my boyhood 
 In bagginig wild pigeons 
 That roost near the ground. 
 
 I would love to look back 
 
 On that. old wooden flax brake 
 
 And scutching board, 
 
 Sharpen'd and driven in ground, 
 
 Where we broke and we scutched 
 
 And we ran through the heckle 
 
 Preparing flax fiber 
 
 For the spindle and loom. 
 
 I would love to go back 
 To the days of wild turkey 
 Anld venison steak 
 And pigeon pot pie, 
 With corn bread for dinner 
 Mixed well with stewed pumpkin 
 And a few juicy cracklings 
 Just fresih from the fry.
 
 COISTTEISTTS 
 
 Page 
 CHAPTER 1., Early Settlement 5 
 
 CHAPTER II., The Jesuit Missionaries 9 
 
 CHAPTER III., Under English Rule 11 
 
 CHAPTER IV., Expedition of Col. George 
 Rogers Clark. Biographical foot note of 
 Clark 14 
 
 CHAPTER V., Clark makes preparations to 
 secure Vincennes 17 
 
 CHAPTER VI., Vincennes captured by Gov. 
 Hamilton. Clark prepares to march 
 against the Post 23 
 
 CHAPTER VII., Clark captures the "Old 
 Post" 29 
 
 CHAPTER VIII., Clark captures Hamil- 
 ton's boats. Plans against Detroit. Early 
 events following 37 
 
 CHAPTER IX., Governor St Glair. Laws 
 for the Northwest Territory. Indian 
 troubles 41 
 
 Page 
 
 CHAPTER X., Gen. Harrison becomes sec- 
 retary of the Northwest Territory. Leg- 
 islature established. First delegate in 
 Congress. Count De Volney writes of 
 Vincennes 47 
 
 CHAPTER XI., Establishment of Indiana 
 Territory. Governor Harrison. First 
 Grand Jury. First Legislature. Various 
 matters of Interest 50 
 
 CHAPTER XII., Indians become restless. 
 Tecumsch. Tippecanoe 53 
 
 CHAPTER XIII., War of 1812. Gov. Har- 
 rison in command of U. S. forces. Capi- 
 tal leaves Vincennes 68 
 
 CHAPTER XIV., Indiana becomes a state. 
 Blackhawk War. War of the rebellion. . 72 
 Spanish-American War 77 
 
 CHAPTER XV., Corporate History. His- 
 torical Miscellany 80 
 
 CHAPTER XVI., Vincennes University . . .84-9 
 The Vincennes of To-day 90 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN 
 
 Page 
 
 Adams, T. H .155 
 
 Alexander, H. W 7..174 
 
 Alsop, George R 100 
 
 Arnold, Stephen 134 
 
 Baecher, E. A 151 
 
 Baker, William 99 
 
 Bank, First National 95 
 
 Bank, German National 98 
 
 Bank, Second National 97 
 
 Bayard, Joseph L 95 
 
 Bayard, Joseph L., Jr 96 
 
 Beckes, Duncan L 168 
 
 Beckes, Lyman M., Dr 160 
 
 Ben Hur Tribe of 188 
 
 Bey Lawrence 120 
 
 Blerhaus Brothers 116-17 
 
 Blerhaus, E. & Sons 116-18 
 
 Board of Trade 91 
 
 Boeckman, Henry J., 100 
 
 Bonner, Daniel 148 
 
 Boog, Herman 124 
 
 Boyd, John T., 98 
 
 Bratton-Racey Grocery Co.... 118 
 
 Brokhage & Sons, H 113 
 
 Buckles, John L 172 
 
 Burke, Rev. DeLou 177 
 
 Burns, Peter J 131 
 
 Cassell, J. W 119 
 
 Cassell, W. W 121 
 
 Campbell, Thomas H 136 
 
 Cauthorn, Hon. H. 8 173 
 
 Cauthorn, H. S. Jr., 173 
 
 Cauthorn. Robt. G 173 
 
 Central Foundry Co 106 
 
 Page 
 
 Churches . . .179-188 
 
 City Hall Drug Store 123 
 
 Clark, Edward S., 133 
 
 Claycomb, M. A., 140 
 
 Cllppinger, Rev. H. C 175 
 
 Cobb, A. T... 166 
 
 Cobb, O. H. Judge 166 
 
 Cobb. Hon. Thomas R., 169 
 
 Cohen, J. C 114 
 
 Coulter, Major T. B., 168 
 
 Cross, T. Ray 129 
 
 Crotts, A. V., 159 
 
 Cullop, Hon. W. A 166 
 
 Curtis, F. W 159 
 
 Dalley, C. E 167 
 
 Davidson, Win., 147 
 
 DeBruler, A. P 138 
 
 Donaldson, G. W., 97 
 
 Duesterberg, John M., 124 
 
 Du Kate, J. Ralph 159 
 
 Eagle Brewery 102 
 
 Earl. "Little Joe" 197-8 
 
 Eastham, Thomas 148 
 
 Ebner, John. Ice Co 101 
 
 Eluere, P. & Sons 130 
 
 Emison. Frank P 153 
 
 Emlson, James W., 163 
 
 Enterprise Stove Co Ill 
 
 First Regiment Band 196-7 
 
 Fleischman. Rev. M., 175 
 
 Flouring Mills Ill 
 
 Franke. T. F., 114 
 
 Frederick, Henry 155 
 
 Frederick, L. A., 127 
 
 Page 
 
 Freeman, William -98 
 
 Gardner & Son 132 
 
 Ghee, M. P., 139 
 
 Gimbel, Haughton & Bond 114 
 
 Glass. R. M 125 
 
 Goodman, John T., 170 
 
 Green, Frank 136 
 
 Green, Perry D 158 
 
 Greene, George E., 147 
 
 Greeuhow, R. J., 143 
 
 Guegen. Rev. Louis 176 
 
 Hack, John. 146 
 
 Hack & Simon 102 
 
 Hall, Dr. S., 162 
 
 Hall, John F 98 
 
 Halter, M 120 
 
 Hainmon. Dr. J. H., 163 
 
 Harbison. A. L., 169 
 
 Hartigan, John 134 
 
 Hartley. O. J 131 
 
 Hartman Mfg. Co 108 
 
 Hartwell Handle Co 107 
 
 Harvey. George R 125 
 
 Held, Dr. H. W., 153 
 
 Helle, C. W 126 
 
 Hellert, H. J., 144 
 
 Henderson. J. A 128 
 
 Hershey , Jere 150 
 
 Hitt, Harvey B., 159 
 
 Hoover, W. S 174 
 
 Horsting, Frank 150 
 
 Humke, Prof. A. E., 201 
 
 Hunter, E. B., 127 
 
 Hunter, Rev. W. A., 176
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN Continued. 
 
 Page 
 
 Iiidiana Handle Co 107 
 
 Inter-State Distilling Co 112 
 
 James R. O., 122 
 
 Judah, Samuel 169 
 
 Judah, Samuel B 170 
 
 Kitchell, J. S., 145 
 
 Klieu, George 129 
 
 Kuapp, Dr. George, Sanitar- 
 ium 100 
 
 Knappe, W. T. Von 162 
 
 La Croix, J. D., 12S 
 
 Latshaw, Dr. H. S 1 .45 
 
 Laundries 138 
 
 Law. Rev. W. G 177 
 
 Lewis, Harry R 167 
 
 Lewis, J. P 152 
 
 Lieberman, Prank 147 
 
 Loten, Mrs. E. J.,. i.25 
 
 Louis, J. A 115 
 
 McCarthy, P. R 108 
 
 McClure, A. M 174 
 
 McCord, C. G., 171 
 
 McCoy, Col. Geo. W UW 
 
 McGowen, John W 1?5 
 
 McJimsey Opera House 146 
 
 Mail, J. F 136 
 
 Maxedon, Dr 162 
 
 Miller, Rev. J. B., 177 
 
 Modern Woodmen of America. 191 
 
 Moffett, Judge W. W 164 
 
 Moore, Dr. R. G 123 
 
 Moore, W. H., 135 
 
 New Grand Hotel 194-7 
 
 Newspapers 155-60 
 
 Niblack, Hon. M. J 165 
 
 Norton & Co., D. W., 135 
 
 O'Donnell, P. M., 96 
 
 Oeschger, Rev. Wm., 178 
 
 Orr, James T., 109 
 
 Page. John B., 110 
 
 Palfrey, Thos. F 129 
 
 Pennington, W. H 154 
 
 Page 
 
 Phillippe, Peter 153 
 
 Phillips, O. C 171 
 
 Planke Bros 124 
 
 Plummer, J. A., 106 
 
 Presnell, M. V 133 
 
 Printers and Publishers . . . 155-60 
 
 Pritchett, J. S 166 
 
 Propes, W. H -. 142 
 
 Public Schools 198-201 
 
 Purcell, R. E 156 
 
 Purcell, W. B 157 
 
 Racy-Palfrey Shoe Co 129 
 
 Randolph, Joseph T 170 
 
 Recker, Garret R 110 
 
 Recker, W. P 119 
 
 Reel, Abe S 144 
 
 Reiman, W. A 143 
 
 Reiter, Gerard 99 
 
 Riddle, Samuel 144 
 
 Rlsch, J. A 115 
 
 Risch, S 115 
 
 Robertson, Thomas 149 
 
 Robinson, W. B 168 
 
 Rogers, John 154 
 
 Roush, G. W. H 105 
 
 Rumer & Son 121 
 
 Ryder, E. L 128 
 
 St. Rose Academy 201 
 
 Salyards, E. M 131 
 
 Samoniel, Fred 154 
 
 Schoenfeld, V 123 
 
 Schultz, C. W 120 
 
 Selby, John 141 
 
 Shepherd, Chas 129 
 
 Shores, E. E 133 
 
 Simon, Anton 102 
 
 Simpson, Wm 136, 178 
 
 Smith, Dr. H. M 161 
 
 Smith, N. & Sous 130 
 
 Somes, Harry V 96 
 
 Somes, Dr. J. F 162 
 
 I age 
 
 Spiker, J. S 137 
 
 Spiker, A. C 137 
 
 Stork. J. M 153 
 
 Summit, L. C 151 
 
 Taylor, Ayers J . . . . 149 
 
 TeWalt. Will L 140 
 
 Thuis, F. A 141 
 
 Thuis, F. A. Estate 109 
 
 Tindolph, E. P 122 
 
 Todd, C. E 134 
 
 Townsley, I. E 133 
 
 Tribe of Ben Hur 188 
 
 Twietmeyer, J. Herman 120 
 
 Utterback, Carlin 141 
 
 Vlncennes Bridge Co 105 
 
 Vincennes Egg Case Co 105 
 
 Vincennes Elevator Co Ill 
 
 Vincennes Galvanized Iron 
 
 Works 108 
 
 Vincennes Novelty Mfg. Co. ..113 
 
 Vincennes Paper Co 105 
 
 Vincennes University 84-9 
 
 Vincennes Water Supply Co.. 112 
 Vinceunes Window Glass Co. 103 
 
 Von Knappe, Dr. W. T 162 
 
 Wagner, John C 142 
 
 Watson, Edward 91 
 
 Watson, Henry 109 
 
 Weed, W. A 130 
 
 Weisert, C. A 152 
 
 Weisert, Edward 150 
 
 White Bicycle Co 126 
 
 Wilhelm, John 172 
 
 Willis, H. Thornton 200 
 
 Willis, T. H., Rev 175 
 
 Williams, Hon. S. W 165 
 
 Williams, James D 152 
 
 Williamson, O. B 172 
 
 Yelton, A. M 142 
 
 Yunghans, E. H 145 
 
 Zuber, John B 142