J^ IliMNOIS li-Ai't >r,''' "W -/■ ■A* ■M',-'a '^ .\';' UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN IS TH/ -^* lesa. *-!- COMBINED HISTORY RANDOLPH, MONROE® PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. DESCRIPTIVE OF THEIR SCENERY ^iojrapl^ital ^IvbIi^bb ofj soma t\ {\m |}romm$nl Men anit mon^grs. PUBLISHED BY J. L. Mcdonough & co., PHILAOEI.PHIA. CORRESPONDING OFFICE, EDWARDSVILLE, ILL. 1883. m^- C'753 PREFACE "T^HE publishers desire to return their sincere thanks to those who have aided in making this ivork thorough and complete. For the incidents relative to the early settlement of these counties, we are indebted to a feiv early pioneers, who have seen a wild fron- tier country develop into a 'wealthy and populous com- munity. For other facts zoe are under obligations to a class of intelligent men, 'who, amid the ordinary pursuits of life, have taken pains to thoroughly in- form themselves on the resources of their county. Among those 'who have specially contributed to the eoinplctencss of this history, are Samuel Jlfansker, Hugh Mathews, John .Sivawwick, Antoine Blais, Ed- inond Menard, the sei'cral jnenihers of the O'Hara family, E H. Lciuen, W. S. D Smith, the Holmes family, W. K. Murphy, John Chestniit'wood, J. H. Wilson, Joseph ]\\ Drury, William and John F. Schuchcrt. We also acknoivledge our obligations to the 'writings of Governor Reynohh, Rev. John M. Peck, Captain Pit. man, of the English army, also the American State papers and the 'writings of the Jesuit Fathers. Many old and valuable manuscripts, both in the French and English languages, ha'ce been examined. These rare papers ha've made plain and intelligible some of the earliest incidents and anecdotes pertaining to this region of the state. The articles on the common schools have been pre- pared by gentlemen thoroughly acquainted with their subject, 'wliose names appear at the head of the sketches in the body of the 'work. Among the chapters most fruitful in interest to a great number of our readers, 'will be found those 'which treat of the early history of the churches. Many persons arc now living 'whose fathers and grandfathers, in the humble log cabin, 'which 'was then the only house of 'worship, assisted in founding organizations 'which ha-ce been of the greatest good to subsequent generations. To the clergy- men of the different denominations, and to many of the older members of these societies, 'we arc indebted for much 'valuable information. The editors of the several newspapers ha've also rendered assistance in that prompt and eheeiful manner so characteristic of the journalistic profession. We have endea'oored, 'with all diligence and care- fulness, to make the best of the material at our command. The facts 'were gathered from a hundred different sources, and depend largely, not on exact written records, but on the uncertain and conflicting recollections of different indi'oiduals ! We lia've tried to preser'oe the incidents of pioneer history, to aecuratc- Iv present the natural features and material resources of this portion of the state, and to gather the facts likely to be of most interest to our present readers, and of greatest importance to coining generations. If our readers iiill take into consideration the diffi- culties of the task, 'we feel assured of a favorable 'verdict on our undertaking. The Publishers. TABLE OF CONTENTS COUNTY HISTORY. CHAPTER I. A Brief Sketch of the North- Vv est Territory. Geographical Position, 9 ; Early Explora- tions, 9 ; Discovery of the Ohio, 15 ; English Explorations and Settle- ments. 16 ; American Settlements, 22 ; Division of the North- West Territory, 23 ; Present Cnndition of the North- West, 24 9-25 CHAPTER II. Brief Histokicil Sketch of Illisois. French Possessions, 25 ; The first Settle- ments in Illinois, 26; Founding of Kaskaskia, 27 ; As a part of Louisi- ana, 27 ; Fort Chartres, 28 ; Under French rule, 29; Character of the Early French Settlers, 30; A Po.ssession of Great Britain, 30 ; Conquest by Clark, 32 ; The " Compact of 1787," 32 ; Land Tenures, 34 ; Physical Features of the State, 35 ; Progress and Development, 35; Material Resources of the State, 36 ; Annual Products, 36 ; The War Record, 36 ; Civil Government, 39 ; Territorial and State Officers, 40 ; Mis- cellaneous Information 25—43 CHAPTER III. GEOQRAPHy, .\griculti;r.4.l Resources and Railroad Facilities. Randolph Coustt,-46 ; Monroe Countv, 47 ; Perry Cousty, 48 ; Transpor- tation facilities, 49; St Louis and Cairo Short Line Railroad, 50 ; St. Louis and Cairo. 51 ; Wabash, Chester and Western, 51 ; St. Louis Coal Road, 51 ; Illinois Central, 52; Rail- road Lands.'53 10-53 CHAPTER IV. Geology. General Stialum. 53; Randolph County, 54 ; Coal Measures, 54 ; Chester Lime- stone, 55 ; Economical Geology, 55 ; Monroe County, 56; Perry County. 57 53-58 CHAPTER V. Flora. List of Native Woody Plants, Grasses, etc., etc 58-59 CHAPTER VI. Fauna. Treating of the Various Families of Ani- mals and Birds that have existed in these counties 59-62 CHAPTER VII. Pioneer Sbttleme.n'ts. Randolph County, 62; The French Set- tlers, 62; Character of the Early French Settlers, 63 ; American Immi- gration, 64; American Population in 1800, 67 ; Subsequent Settlements, 67; E.irly Mills, 75 ; Overflows of the Mississippi, 75; Monroe County, 75; Indian Hostilities, 78; Early Mills, 82; Destructive Hurricane, 82 ; Perry County, 83; Manners and Customs of the American Pioneers, 86. . . 62--89 CHAPTER VIII, Civil History. Randolph County from 1778 to 1818, 89 ; License for trade, 92 ; Letters to the Court of Kaska.skia, 92 ; Kahokia Fund (No. 1.) 93; Warrant for Exe- cution. 94 ; Todd's Embargo, 95 ; James Moore's Naturalization, 96; Land Tenure, 97; Extract from assess- page ment of 1808, 98; Government of County in Territorial Times, 100 ; Scraps from Records of the Period 1795 to 1809, 101 ; 1809 to 1819, 102 ; List of Township Officers 1809, 103 ; Proceedings in Courts of Justice, Ter- ritorial Laws. 104 ; Shadrach Bond and Rice Jones' Duel, 105 ; Dunlap — Jones Murder, 105 ; Another Murder Case, 105; Probate Court 1809, 106; Estates under Administration from 1809 to 1818, 106 ; Slavery in Ran- dolph County, 107; Manumission in 1760, 108 ; A Negro Child set Free, 109; Public Buildings, 111; Early Marriages. 112; Randolph represented in Territorial Legislature, 1795 to 1818, 112; Territorial Officers, 113; Randolph County, 1818 to 1883, 113; Census 1825. ; Heads of Families, 115; County Finances, 1819 to 1844, lis ; Change of County Seat to Ches- ter, 119; Financial Condition of the County, September Ist, 1882, 122 ; List of county Officers, 121-127. . 89-127 Mo.N-ROE County (from 1816 to 1882), 127; County Government, 129 ; List of Tax-payers in 1816, 132 ; Emancipa- tion Papers, 133 ; Tenure of Lands, 134; Lands Entered, 135; Early Transfers of Real Estate, 136; First Road Petitions and names of Monroe county Pioneers, 137 ; Early Mar- riages, 139 ; Towns and Villages prior to 1820, 140 ; Contracts for first Public Buildings, 141 ; Prairie Du Long, 144 ; Circuit Courts, 1817 to 1848, 146; Challenge to Fight a Duel, 148; Mur- ders, 148 ; Naturalization, 148 ; In General Assembly from 1818 to 1848 — 1883, 149 ; Precincts, March, 1875, 155 ; Statistics. 1881-'82. 1.56; Mur- der and Execution. 1.56 , In General TABLE OF CONTENTS. Assembly 1848 to '84, State Offices and Congress, Officers of county, 159. Perry Cockty, 161 ; First License, 164 ; First session of Circuit Court, 1 64 ; First Road Districts and Road Offi- cers, 1G5 ; Proceedings in Relation to Establishing the County Seat, 165; First Officers, 166 ; First Fiscal State- ment, 167 ; First Probate Court, 167 ; Petition for Redress, 168 ; First Gen- eral Election, 168 ; First Bridge, 169; First Court House, 169 ; Second Court House-Remonstrance against build- ing it, 170; Third Court House, 170; Present Court House, 171 ; First and Present Jail, 171 ; Almshouse, 173 ; Circuit Court, 173; First Murder Trial — Execution of Vaughn, 174 ; Statistics, 175 ; Subscription to Rail- roads, 177 ; Saline and Swamp Lands, 177 ; Officers, 17S 89-180 CHAPTER IX. The Bench and B.vr. B.^NTOLPH CoL-XTV, ISO; Former mem- bers of the Bar, 182 ; Present Mem- bers, 185; Monroe County, For- mer Members of the Bar, 186 ; Present Members, 187; Perky County, 18S ; Non-Resident Lawyers, 190 ; Former and Present Members, 191.180-193 CHAPTER X. The Press. R.ixnoLrn County. — First Newspaper in Illinois, 193. Subsequent Newspa- pers— Monroe COUNTY, 198, Perry County, 199 193-201 CHAPTER XL Patriotism. Early French, Conquest by Clark, 201 ; War of 1812, 203 ; Soldiers in Black Hawk and Mexican Wars, 204 ; Re- bellion, 207 ; Muster Roll of all the Soldiers who enlisted from Randolph, Monroe and Perry counties . . . 201-231 CHAPTER XII. Common Schools. Randolph county, 231 ; Monroe county, 237 , Perry county, 238 231-242 CHAPTER XIII. EeCLE.SIASTICAL. Randolph County.— Reformed Presbyte- rian, 243 ; Evangelical Lutheran, 249 ; Catholic, 254 ; Presbyterian, 257 ; Christian, 258; St. Mark's Parish, 259'; Freewill Baptist, 259 (Randolph and Perry counties) ; German M. E., 260. Monkoe County. — Concord Presbyterian, 261 ; Methodist, 261 ; German Evangelical, 262 ; Baptist, 263 ; Catholic, 263. Perry County. —Christian, 265 ; Presbyterian, 266 ; Baptist, 267 ; Methodist, 278 ; Ger- man Evangelical, 279 ; Holy Catho- lic, 280 ; United Presbyterian (Ran- dolph and Perry), 281 243-281 BIOGRAPHIES. Adair, Captain William 431 Anderson, J. B 392 Anderson, R. B 351 Angerer, Hon. John T 453 Ashwood and Marlow 372 Beem, John T 445 Bickelhaupt, Peter 327 Blais, Antoine 379 Blakeslee, A. J 442 Boldt, Dr. H. M 312 Boyd, Hon. John 346 Boyd, Thomas 350 Breese, William M 364 Brey, Paul C 321 Burch, J. G 311 Burbank, Hiram L 441 Campbell Bros 393 Campbell, William A 302 Canniff, James F 325 Crozier, Dr. William J 419 Curlee, Charles W. and Albert N 441 Curlee, Joseph B 366 Davis, Richard M 358 Derousae, Louis 297 Derouase, Louis J. Jr 309 Detrich, J. E 390 Dudenbostel, Louis 427 Devine, John 296 Dyer, Dr. L 443 Edwards, Captain M. C 357 Elliott, James C 430 Eld, William 327 Fairchild, W. S 402 Frank, John B 461 Gerlach, Daniel 391 P.\GE Gerlach, John D. . • • 295 Gladson, William E 343 Gordon, Abram G 302 Goddard, Reuben J 394 Goodman, J. William 398 Gordon, Rev. George A 426 Gordon, Rev. H. S 426 Grant William H 419 Guker, Frederick, (deceased.) 405 Hamilton, P. P 433 Hammack, Lewis 352 Hartmann, Christian F 320 Hawthorne, J. C 394 Heape, Hon. Lysias 363 Hilyard, W. H 326 Holbrook, J. C 298 Hoener, Hon. Ambrose 329 Holmes, Joseph B 290 Holmes, William M 302 Holt, Nelson 364 Horner, H. C 302 Janson, Hon. John 320 Jahn, George E 329 Kane, Louis M, 349 Koenigsmark, Thomas 455 Laurence, M. B 441 Lee, A. H 3S0 Lemen Edwin H 340 Malone, James M 284 Mansker, Samuel 469 Matlack and Wassell 301 Mathews, Hugh 411 McBride, John T 300 McCandless, W. L 359 McFie, John R 373 McKenzie, William R 294 Menard, Edmond 310 Metzger, Charles 327 Michan, John 394 Murphy, William K 344 Murphy, William P 393 O'Hara, Henry 462 Pautler, Joseph 418 Payne, Thomas J 323 Penny, James J. . • 343 Penwarden, Thomas F 360 Pickett, James 428 Pollock, J. T 299 Pyatt, Hon. John W 356 Ragland, J. K. P 343 Richards, Charles P 439 Rickert, J. W 322 Riess, George L 404 Roe, Charles H 355 Rose, William, M. D 4.55 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Rothstein, Dr. Hugo 327 Bushing, Evan B 353 Sauer, Nicholas 419 SchlierhoU, Charles A. M 328 Schuchert, John F 293 Schuchert, William 292 Scott, Henry P ^-14 Swanwick, John *ll Smith, W. S. D 348 Thiea, John H 428 Thompson, Captain R. Q 354 Thum, Jacob 458 Ward, John B 440 Watt, James 41U Wheatley, B. W. S 445 Wheeler, Charles M 312 Wiesenborn, John 324 Williams, Frederick 3fi6 Williams, John S, M. D 305 Wilson, J. H 454 Wilson, Warren N 301 Winthrop, Hon. Charles E R 3H4 Wisely Brotliers 372 PRECINCT HISTORIES. PAGE. Baldwin 405 Beaucoup 472 Blair 463 Bluff 421 Breemen 465 Brcwerville 374 Central 420 Chester 284 Columbia 449 Coulterville 369 Cutler 446 Du Quoin 433 Evansville 415 Florence 312 Grand Cote 429 Harrisouville 412 Kaskaskia 303 Mitchie 395 Moredock 333 New Design 330 New Hanover 447 Paradise .... 3(i7 Pinckneyville 335 Prairie du Long 456 Prairie du Rocher 375 Red Bud 398 Renault 382 I'AliE Rockwocii 467 Ruma 459 South Western 432 Sparta 384 Steele's Mills 423 Tamaroa 3()0 Tilden 407 Waterloo 314 Wine HiU 470 PORTRAITS. Anderson, J. B 392 Anderson, Marj' 392 .'Anderson, R. B 3.")1 Blai.s, Antoine 379 Blakeslee, A. J 442 Brey, Paul C 321 Burch, J. G :!11 Canniff, James F 32:i Derousse, Louis 297 Detrich, J. E 390 Devine, John 296 Dudenbostel, Louis 427 Gerlach, Daniel 391 Gerlach, John D 295 Hamilton, P. P 438 Hilyard, W. 11 326 Holbrook, J. C 298 Holmes, Joseph B 290 Lee, A. H 380 Lemen, Edwin H. and Wife 340 Mansker, Samuel 469 Mathews, Hugh 411 Mathews, Jane M 411 McBride, John T 300 McCandless, W. L 359 McFie, John B 373 McKenzie, William B 294 Menard, Edmund 310 Murphy, William K 344 O'Hara, Henry 402 Payne, Thomas J 323 Pautler, Joseph 118 Pollock, J. T 299 Bickert, J. W 322 Rieas, George L 404 Roe, Charles H 355 Rushing, Evan B 353 Schlierholz, Charles A. M 328 Schuchert, John F 293 Schuchert, William 292 Scott, Henry P 444 Smith, W. S. D 348 Sprigg, James D 403 Swanwick, John 291 Watt, James 410 Ward, John B 440 Wiesenborn, John 324 Wilson. J. II 454 ILLUSTRATIONS. -Anchor Flouring Mills Facing 446 Been, E. M Facing 406 Boekholf, S Facing 400 Brickey and Aubuihon, . . Between 396--397 Brown, Charles Facing 406 Cape Hotel Facing 424 Catholic Church Facing .308 Creagau, Thomas Facing 460 Crisler, J. M Facing 308 Deroiisse, Mrs. M K Facing 296 Eberman, Isaac Facing 332 Evang. St. Pauls Church, Waterloo, Facing 320 Evansville Catholic Cliurch 460 Fults, Christopher Facing 393 Gardner Roller Mills Facing 448 Goodman, J. W Facing 41ii Grann^-niann, Louis Facing 446 Gant, Thomas Facing 304 Knapp, P. C Facing 360 Lemen, E. H F-acing 342 Livingstone, Dr. G. P Facing 416 McKenzie, Dr. Williiuii R Facing :'j01 Maus, Philipp A Facing 384 Map Facing 9 Milligan, William H Facing 336 Meredith, Isaac store and residence, Facing 284 Oldendoriih Wagon Factory, . . . Facing 436 Old Log School-house and Puncheon Bench Facing 232 Payne, Thomas J Facing 448 Penitentiary Facing 124 Public BuiIdings,(Randolph County,) Fac. 120 Public Buildings, (Monroe County,) Facing 152 Public Buildings, (Perry County,) . Facing 172 Pyatt, 1. J Facing 356 Roussel, F. L Facing 296 Schuchert, William Facing 284 Schuchert, John F Facing 288 Soukup, W Facing 350 " The Boots Place," Facing 360 Winklemann, Henry Facing 284 Wilson, J. H • • . . Facing 455 White, John Facing 432 Amendments to Constitution of U. S , . . 509 Constitution of Illinois 493 Constitution of United States ,506 Declaration of Independence 505 Partial List of Patrons 475 HISTORY RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. CHAPTER I. A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE SOr/TILWEST TEREITOUY. GKOGRAPHIL'AL POSITION. iN 1784 the North Western Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia. It embraced only tlic territory lying be- tween the Ohio and Mississippi rivers; and north, to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the states of" Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, O'aio, and that portion of Minnesota lyir.g en the east side of the Mississippi river. On the first day of March, 1784, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee, and James Monroe, delegates in Congress on the part of Vir- ginia, executed a deed of cession, by which they transferred to the United States, on certain conditions, all right, title and claim of Virginia to the country known as the Korth- western Territory. But by the purchase of Louisiana in 180.3, the western boundary of the United States was ex- tended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles, being greater than the united areas of the Middle and Southern states, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign states and eight territories, with an aggregate population at the present time of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one-third of the entire population of the United States. Its rivers are the largest on the continent, flowing thous- ands of miles through its rich alluvial valleys and broad, fertile prairies. Its lakes are fresh-water seas, upon whose bosom floats the commerce of many states. Its far-stretching prairies have more acres that are arable and productive than any other area of like extent on the globe. For the last quarter of a century the increase of popula- tion and wcakh in the north-west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States. EARLY EXI'LORATIOSS. In the year 1512, on Easter Sunday, the Spanish name for which is Pa.scua Florida,* Juan Ponce de Leon, an old comrade of Columbus, discovered the coast of the American continent, near St. Augustine, and in honor of the day and of the blossoms which covered the trees along the shore, named the new-found country Florida. Juan had been led to undertake the discovery of strange lands partly by the hope of finding endless stores of gold, and partly by the wish to reach a fountain that was said to exist deep within the forests of North America, which possessed the power of renovating the life of those wlio drank of or bathed in its waters. He was made governor of the region he had visited but circumstances prevented his return tliither until 1-521 ; and then he went only to meet death at the hands of the Indians. In the meantime, in 1.51G, a Spanish sea-captain, Diego Miruelo, had visited the coast first reached by Ponce de Leon, and in his barters with the natives had received con- siderable quantities of gold, with which he returned home and spread abroad new stories vf the wealth hidden in the interior. Ten years, however, passed before Pamph'do de Narvaez undertook to prosecute the examination of the lands north of the Gulf of ]\Iexico. Narvaez was excited to action by the late astoni.'^hing success of the conqueror of Montezuma, but he found the gold for which he sought constantly flying before him; each tribe of Indians referred him to those living farther in the interior. And from tribe to tribe he and his companions wandered. They suffered untold priva- tions in the swamps and forests ; and out of three hundred followers only four or five at length reached Mexico. And still these disappointed wanderers persisted in their original fancy, that Florida was as wealthy as Mexico or Peru. *Pascutn, the old English "Fash" or Passover; " Pascua Florida" is the " Holvdav of Flowers." 10 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Among those ^vho had faith in that report was Ferdinand de Soto, who had been with Pizarro in the conquests of Peru. He asked and obtained leave of the King of Spain to con- quer Florida at his own cost. It was given in the year 1538. With a brilliant and noble baud of followers he left Europe and in May, 1538, after a stay in Cuba, anchored his vessels near the coast of the Peninsula of Florida, in the bay of S])iritu Santa, or Tampa bay. De Soto entered upon his march into the interior with a determination to succeed. From June till November of 1539, the Spaniards toiled along until they reached the neighborhood of Appalachee bay. During the next season, 1540, they followed the course suggested by the Florida Indians, who wished them out of their country, and going to the north-east, crossed the rivers and climbed the moun- tains of Georgia. De Soto was a stern, severe man, and none dared to murmur. De Soto passed the winter with his little baud near the Yazoo. In April, 1541, the resolute Spaniard set forward, and upon the first of May reached the banks of the great river of the West, not far from the 35th parallel of latitude.* A month was spent in preparing barges to convey the horses, many of which still lived, across the rapid stream. Having successfully passed it, the explorers pursued their way northward, into the neighborhood of New Madrid ; then turning westward again, marched more than two hun- dred miles from the Mississippi to the highlands of White river; and still no gold, no gems, no cities — only bare prai- ries, and tangled forests, and deep morasses To the south again they toiled on, and passed their third winter of wander- ing upon the Washita. In the following spring (1542), De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, descended the Washita to its junction with the Mississippi. He heard, when he reached the mighty stream of the west, that its lower portion flowed through endless and uninhabitable swamps. The news sank deep into the stout heart of the disap- puinted warrior. His health yielded to the contests of his mind and the influence of the climate. He appointed a successor, and on the 21st of May died. His body was sunk in the stream of the Mississippi. Deprived of their ener- getic leader, the Spaniards determined to try to reach Mexico by land. After some time spent in wandering through the forests, despairing of success in the attempt to rescue them- selves by land, they proceeded to prepare such vessels aa they could to take them to sea. From January to July 1543, the weak, sickly band of gold-seekers labored at the doleful task, and in July reached, in the vessels thus built, the Gulf of Mexico, and by September entered tiie river Pauuco. Oue-half of the six huudred f who had disem- barked with De Soto, so gay in steel and silk, left their bones among the mountains and in the morasses of the South, from Georgia to Arkansas. De Soto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, aud disheartened • Dl' i^nto probably was at tbe lower Chickasaw bluffs. Tlie .Spaniards calli'il tlie Mississippi Rio Grande, Great Rivei> wLicb is tlie literal meaning of tlie aboriginal name. 1 t fe liiedna says there lauded 020 men. such as might desire to follow up the career of discov( ry for better purposes. The French nation were eager and reatly to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by De Soto's defeat. As it was, fir more than a century after the expedition, the west reuiaiuLd utterly unknown to the whites. The French were the first Europeans to make .settlements on the St. Lawrence river aud along the great lakes. Qutbec was founded by Sir Samuel Champlain in 1608,* and in IGOD when Sir Henry Hud.son was exploring the noble rivi r which bears his name, Champlain ascended the Sorrelle river, and discovered, embosomed between the Green moun- tains, or " Verdmont," as the chivalrous aud poetic French- man called them, and the Adirondacks, the beautiful sheet of water to which his name is iudissolubly attached. In 1613 he founded Montreal. During the period elapsing between the years 1607 and 1664, the English, Dutch, and Swedes alternately held pos- session of portions of the Atlantic coast, jealously watching one another, and often involved in bitter controversy, and not seldom in open battle, until, in the latter year, the English became the sole rulers, aud maintained their right3 until the era of the Revolution, when they in turn were compelled to yield to the growing power of their colonies, and retire from the field. The French movements, from the first settlement at Quebec, and thence westward, were led by the Catholic missionaries. Le Caron, a Franciscan friar, who had been the companion and friend of Champlain, was the first to penetrate the western wilds, which he did in 1616* in a birch canoe, exploring lake Huron and its tiibutaries. This was four years before the Pilgrims "Moored their bark on the wild New England shore." Under the patronage of Louis XIII, the Jesuits took the advance, and began vigorously the work of Christianizing the savages in 1632. In 1631, three Jesuit missionaries, Brebeuf, Daniel, and Lallemand, planted a mission on the shores of the lake of the Iroquois, (probably the modern Lake Simcoe), and also established others along the eastern border of Lake Huron. From a map published in 1600, it would appear that the French had at that date, become quite familiar with the region from Niagara to the head of Lake Superior, includ- ing considerable portions of Lake Michigan. In 1641, Fathers Jogues and Raymbault embarked on the Penetanguishine Bay for the Sault St. Marie, where they arrived after a passage of seventeen days. A crowil of two thousand natives met them, and a great council was held. At this meeting the French first heard of many nations dwelling beyond the great lakes. Father Raymbault ditd in the wilderness in 1642, while enthusiastically pursuing his discoveries. The same year, Jogues and Bressani were captured by the Indians aud tortured, and in 1648 the mission which had been founded at St. Joseph was taken and destroyed, and Father Daniel slain. In 1641), the missions St Louis and St. Ignatius * Western Auuals. HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MOXROE AXD PERRY COVXTIES, II.LIXOIS. 11 were also destroyed, and Fathers Brebeuf and Lallemand barbarously tortured by the same terrible and unrelenting enemy. Literally did those zealous missionaries of the Eomish Church "take their lives in their hands," and lay them a willing sacrifice on the altar of their faith. It is stated by some -writer that, in 1G.54, two fur traders accompanied a band of Otfatias on a journey of five hun- dred leagues to the west. They were absent two years, and on their return brought with thom fifty canoes and two hundred and fifty Indians to the French trading posts. They related wonderful tales of the countries they had seen, and the various red nations they had visited, and described the lofty mountains and mighty rivers in glowing terms- A new impulse was given to the spirit of adventure, and scouts and traders swarmed the frontiers and explored the great lakes and adjacent country, and a party wintered in IGJO-fiO on the south shore of Lake Superior. In IGCO Father Mcsnard was sent out by the Bishop of Quebec, and visited Lake Superior in October of that year. While crossing the Keeweenaw Point he was lost in the wilder- ness and never afterwards heard from, though his ca&sock and breviary were found long afterwards among the S'toiu:. A change w.as made in the government of Xcw France in IGGj. The Company of the Hundred Associates, who had ruled it since 1G32, resigned its charter. Tracy was made Viceroy, Courcelles Governor, and Talon Intendent* This was called the Government of the West Indies. The Jesuit missions were taken under the care of the new govcnmcnt, and thenceforward became the leaders in the movement to Christianize the savages. In the same year (1GG.5) Pierre Claude Alloiiez was sent out bv way of the Ottawa river to the far west, via the Sault St. Marie and the south shore of Lake Superior, where he landed at the bay of Chegoimegon. Here he found the chief village of the Chippewas, and established a mission. lie also made an alliance with them and the >S(te<, Foxes and IlUnoi.<,y against the formidable Iroqiioi<. Alloiiez, the nest vcar (1GG6) visited the western end of the great lake, where he met the Sioux, and from them first learned of the Missis- .sippi river which they called "Messipi." From thence he returned to Quebec. In 1GG3 Claude Dablon and Jacques JIarquette estab- lished the mission at the Sault called St. Marie, and during the next five years Alloiiez, Dablon and Marquette explored the region of Lake Superior on the south shore, and ex- tending to Lake Michigan. They also established the mis- sions of Chegoimegon, St. Marie, Mackinaw and Green Bay. The plan of exploring the Mississippi probably originated with Marquette. It was at once sanctioned by the Inten- dent, Talon, who was ambitious to extend the dominion of France over the whole West. In 1G70 Nicholas Perot was sent to the West to propose a congress of all the nations and tribes living in the vicinity of the lakes ; and, in 1G71, a great council was held at Sault St. Marie, at which the Cross was set up, and the nations of » The duties of Intendent included a super\-ision of the policy, justice, and finance of the province. t The meaning of this word is said to be " Men." the great Xorth-west wtre taken into an alliance, with much pomp and ceremony. On the 13th of May, 1673, Marquette, Joliet, and five voiinrjeurs, embarked in two birch canoes at Mackinaw and entered Lake Michigan. The first nation they visited was the " FoUei-Avoincn," or nation of Wild Oats, since known as the Menomonies, living around the " Bale des Puans," or Green Bay. These people, with whom Marquette was some- what acquainted, endeavored to persuade the adventurers from visiting the Mississippi. They represented the Indians on the great river as being blood-thirsty and savage in the extreme, and the river itself as being inhabited by monsters which would devour them and their canoes together.* Marquette thanked them for their advice, but declined to be guided by it. Passing through Green Bay, they ascended the Fox River, dragging their canoes over the strong rapids and visited the village, where they found living in harmony together tribes o{ t\\Q Mlamis, Ma.iCOutcns'\ aud KiLabeaux or Kickiipoos. Leaving this point on the 10th of June, they made the portage to the " Ou!.iconsi:i," and descended that stream to the Mississippi, which they entered on the 17th with a joy, as Marquette says, which he could not express."]; Sailing down the Jlississippi, the party reached the Des Moines River, and, according to some, visited an Indian village some two leagues up the stream. Here the people again tried to persuade them from prosecuting their voyage down the river. After a great feast and a dance, and a night passed with this hospitable people, they proceeded on their way, escorted by sis hundred persons to their canoes. These people called themselves lUtnois, or lUini. The name of their tribe was Peruaca, and their language a dialect of the Algonquin. Leaving these savages, they proceeded down the river. Passing the wonderful rocks, which still excite the admira- tion of the traveller, they arrived at the mouth of another great river, the Pthiiantni, or Missouri of the present day. They noticed the condition of its waters, which they described as " muddy, rushing and noisy." Passing a great rock, § they came to the Ouaboushtgnn, or Ohio. Marquette shows this river very small, even as com- pared with the lUinois. From the Ohio they passed as far down as the Akamsca, or Arkansas, where they came very near being destroyed by the natives; but they finally paci- fied them, and, on the 17th of July, they commenced their return voyage. The party reached Green Bay in September without loss or injury, and reported their discoveries, which were among the most important of that age. Marquette afterwards returned to Illinois, and preached to the natives until li"i75. On the 18th of Jlay of that year, while cruising up the eastern coast of Lake Michigan with a partv of boatmen, he landed at the mouth of a stream putting into the lake from the east, since known as the river Marquette. He performed mai=s, and went a little apart to pray, and being •See Icj^end of the erent hird. the terrible " Piasn,^* tlialdcvonred men and was only overcome by the sacrifice of a brave young chief. Th<' rocks above Alton, Illinois, have some rude representations of this monster. t Prairie Indians. ; Marquette's journal. I The grand t >wer. 12 HISTORY OF h'AynOLPIf, MONROE AXD PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. gone longer than his companions deemed iiecessar)', they went in search of him, and found him dead where he had knelt. They buried him in the sand. While this distinguished adventurer was pursuing his labors, two other men were preparing to follow in his foot- step, and make still further explorations, and, if possible, more important discoveries. These were the Chevalier Robert de la Salle and Louis Hennepin. La Salle was a native of Rouen, in Normandy. He was educated at a seminary of the Jesuits, and designed for the ministry, but, for reasons unknown, he left the seminary and came to Canada, in 1G67, where he engaged in the fur trade. Like nearly every intelligent man, he became intensely interested in the new discoveries of the West, and conceived the idea of exploring the passage to the great South Sea, which by many was believed to exist. He made known his ideas to the Governor-General, Count Frontenac, and de- sired his co-operation. The Governor at once fell in with his views, which were strengthened by the reports brought back by Jlarquette and Joliet, and advised La Salle to apply to the King of France in person, and gave him letters of introduction to the great Colbert, then Minister of Finance and Marine. Accordingly, in 1675, he returned to France, where he was warmly received by the King and nobility, and his ideas were at once listened to, and every possible favor shown to him. He was made a Chevalier, and invested with the seigniory of Fort Catarocouy, or Frontenac (now known as Kingston) upon condition that he would rebuild it, as he proposed, of stone. Returning to Canada, he wrought diligently upon the fort until 1677, when he again visited France to report progress. He was received, as before, with favor, and, at the instance of Colbert and his son, the King granted him new letters patent and new privileges. Oa the 14th of July, 1678, he sailed from Rochelle, accompanied by thirty men, and with Tonti, an Italian, for his lieutenant. They arrived at Quebec on the 13th of September, and after a few days' delay, proceeded to Frontenac. Father Lewis Hennepin, a Franciscan friar, of the Recollet sect, was quietly working in Canada on La Salle's arrival. He was a man of great ambition, and much interested in the discoveries of the day. He was appointed by his religious superiors to accompany the expedition fitting out for La Salle. Sending agents forward to prepare the Indians for his coming, and to open trade with them, La Salle himself em- barked, on the 18th of November, in a little brigantine of ten tons, to cross Lake Ontario. This was the first ship of European build that ever sailed upon this fresh-water sea. Contrary winds made the voyage long and troublesome, and a month was consumed in beating up the lake to the Niagara River. Near the mouth of this river the Iroquois had a village, and here La Salle constructed the first fortification, which afterwards grew into the famous Fort Niagara. On the 26th of January, 1679, the keel of the first vessel built on Lake Erie was laid at the mouth of the Cayuga Creek, on the American side, aiwut six miles above the falls. In the meantime La Salle had returned to Fort Frontenac to forward supplies for his firthcoming vessel. The little barque on Lake Ontario was wrecked by carelessness, and a large amount of the supplies slie carried was lost. On the 7th of August, the new vessel was launched, and made ready to sail. She was about seven tons' burden. La Salle christened his vessel the " Griffin," in honor of the arms of Count Frontenac. Passing across Lake Erie, and into the small lake, which they named St. Clair, they entered the broad waters of Lake Huron. Here they en- countered heavy storms, as dreadful as those upon the ocean and after a most tempestuous passage they took refuge in the roadstead of MicldlllmacJcinac (Mackinaw), on the 27th of August La Salle remained at this point until the middle of September, busy in founding a fort and constructing a trading-house, when he went forward upon the deep waters of Lake Michigan, and soon after cast anchor in Green Bay. Finding here a large quantity of furs and peltries, he deter- mined to load his vessel and send her back to Niagara. On the 18th of September, she was sent under charge of a pilot while La Salle himself, with fourteen men,* proceeded up Lake Michigan, leisurely examining its shores and noting everything of interest. Tonti, who had been sent to look after stragglers, was to join him at the head of the lake. From the 19lh of Septem'ber to the l?t of November, the time was occupied in the voyage up this inland sea. On the last-named day, La Salle arrived at the mouth of the river 3Iiami.s, now St. Joseph. Here he constructed a fort, and remained nearly a month waiting for tidings of his vessel; but, hearing nothing, he determined to push on before the wintershould preventhira. On the 3d of December, leaving ten men to garrison the fort, he started overland towards the head-waters of the Illinois, accompanied by three monks and twenty men. Ascending the St. Joseph River, he crossed a short portage and reached the The-a-hi-ki , since corrupted into Kanhahce. Embarking on this sluggish stream, they came shortly to the Illinois, and soon after found a village of the Illinois Indians, probably in the vicinity of the rocky blufls, a few miles above the present city of La Salle, Illinois. They found it deserted, but the Indians had quite a quantity of maize .stored here, and La Salle, being short of provisions, helped himself to what he required. Passing down the stream, the party, on the 4th of January, came to a lake, probably the Lake Peoria, as there is no other upon this stream. Here they found a great number of natives, who were gentle and kind, and La Salle determined to construct a fort. It stood on a rise of ground near the river, and was named Creve- Cceur f (broken-heart ), most probably on account of the low spirits of the com- mander, from anxiety for his vessel and the uncertainty of the future. Possibly he had heard of the loss of the " Griffin," which occurred on her downward trip from Green Bay ; most probably on Lake Huron. He remained at the Lake Peoria through the winter, but no good tidings came, and no supplies. His men were discontented, but the brave adventurer never gave up hope. He resolved to send a party on a voyage of exploration up the Mississippi, under ' Annals of the West. t The site of the work is at present un'.;nowa. HISIORY OF BAXDOLPH, MOXROE AXD I'KHUY COUXTIES, ILLIXOIS. 13 the lead of Father Hennepin, and he himself would proceed on foot to Kiagara and Frontenac, to raise more means and enlist new men; while Tonti, his lieutenant, should stay at the fort, which they were to strengthen in the meantime, and extend their intercourse with the Indians. Hennepin started on his voyage on the last da}' of Febru- ary, 16S0, and La Salle soon after, with a few attendants, i-tarted on his perilous journey of twelve hundred miles by the way of the Illinois Kiver, the Miami, and Lakes Erie ! nd Ontario, to Frontenac, which he finally reached in safety. He found his worst fears realized. The "Griffin" was lost, his agents had taken advantage of his absence, and his creditors had seized his goods. But he knew no such word as Jail, and by the middle of summer he was again on his way with men and supplies for his band in Illinois. A sad disappointment awaited him. He found his fort deserted and no tidings of Tonti and his men. During La Salle's absence the Indians had become jealous of the French, and they had been attacked and harassed even by the Iroquois, who came the long distance between the shores of Lake Ontario and the Illinois River to make war upon the more peaceable tribes dwelling on the prairies. L'ncertain of any Bi^sistance from La Salle, and apprehensive of a general war with the savages, Tonti, in September, 1G80, abandoned his position and returned to the shores of the lakes. La Salle reached the post on the Illinois in December, 1G80, or January, 168L Again bitterly disappointed. La Salle did not succumb, but resolved to return to Canada and start anew. This he did, and in June met his lieutenant, Tonti, at Mackinaw. Hennepin in the meanwhile had met with .strange adven- tures. After leaving Creve-Coeur, he reached the Missis- sippi in seven days ; but his way was so obstructed by ice that he was until the 11th of April reaching the AVisconsin line. Here he was taken prisoner by some northern Indians, who, however, treated him kindly and took him and his companions to the falls of St. Anthony, which they reached on the first of May. These falls Hennepin named in honor of his patron saint. Hennepin and his companions remained here for three months, treated very kindly by their captors. At the end of this time they met with a band of French, led by one Sieur de Lulh,* who, in pursuit of game and trade, had penetrated to this country by way of Lake Su- perior. With his band Hennepin and his companions re- turned to the borders of civilized life in November, 1G80, just after La Salle had gone back to the wilderness. Hen- nepin returned to France, where, ia 1684, he published a narrative of his wonderful adventures. Robert De La Salle, whose name is more closely connected with the explorations of the Mississippi than that of any other, was the next to descend the river in the year 1G82. Formal possession was taken of the great river and all the countries bordering upon it or its tributaries in the name of the King. La Salle and his party now retraced their steps towards the north. They met with no serious trouble until they reached the Chickasaw Bluffs, where ihcy had erected a fort " From this man uadoubtedlj- ccmc3 I'.ie name of Dulutli. on their downward voyage, and named it Prudhomme. Here La Salle was taken violently sick. Unable to proceed, he sent forward Tonti to communicate with Count Fronte- nac. La Salle himself reached the mouth of the St. Joseph the latter part of September. From that point he sent Father Zenobe with his dispatches to represent him at court, while he turned his attention to the fur trade and to the project of completing a fort, which he named St. Louis, upon the Illinois River, The precise location of this work is not known. It was said to be upon a rocky bluff two hundred and fifty feet high, and only accesiible upon one side. There are no bluffs of such a height on the Illinois River answering the description. It may have been on the rocky bluff above La Salle, where the rocks are perhaps one hundred feet in height. L^pon the completion of this work La Salle again sailed for France, which he reached on the 13th of December, 1G83. A new man. La Barre, had now succeeded Fronte- nac as Governor of Canada. This man was unfriendly towards La Salle, and this, with other untoward circum- stances, no doubt led hira to attempt the colonization of the ^Mississippi country by w ay of the mouth of the river. Kot- withstanding many obstacles were in his path, he succeeded in obtaining the grant of a fleet from the King, and on the 24th of July, 1G84, a fleet of twenty-four vessels sailed from Rochelle to America, four of which were destined for Lou- isiana, ar.d carried a body of two hundred and eighty people, including the crews. There were soldiers, artificers, and volunteers, and also " some young women." Discord soon broke out between M. de Beanjeu and La Salle, and grew from bad to worse. On the iOth of December they reached the island of St. Domingo. Joutel* was sent out with this party, which left on the 5lh of February, and traveled eastward three days, when they came to a great stream which they could not cross. Here they made signals by building great fires, and on the loth two of the vessels came in sight. The stream was sounded and the vessels were anchored under shelter. But again misfortume overtook La Salle, and the vessel was wrecked, and the bulk of supplies was lost. At this junc- ture M. de Bcaujeu, his second in command, set sail and returned to France. La Salle now constructed a rude shelter from the timbers of his wrecked vessel, placed bis peojile inside of it, and set out to explore the surrounding country in hope of finding the Mississippi. He was, of course, disappointed : but found on a stream, which is named the Yaches, a good site for a fort. He at once re- moved his camp, and, after incredible exertions, constructed a fortification sufficient to protect them from the Indians. This fort was situated on Matagorda Bay, within the present liniiU of Texas, and was called by La Salle Fort St. Louis. Leaving Joutel to complete the work with one hundred men, La Salle took the remainder of the company and em- barked on the river, with the intention of proceeding as far up as he could. The savages soon became troublesome, and •Joutel, historian of tlic voyage, accompanied La Salle, am! snlxic- quently wrote his " Journal Historiquc," which was published in Paris, 1713. 14 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND FERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. on the 14th of July La Salle ordered Joutel to join him with his whole I'.rce. They had already lost several of their best men, and dangers threatened them on every side. It would seem from ihe historian's account of the expedition that La Salle began to erect another fort, and also that he becartc morose and severe in his discipline, so much so as to get the ill will of many of his people. He finally resolved to advance into the country, but whether with the view of returning to Canada by way of Illinois, or only for the pur- pose of making further discoveries, Joutel leaves in doubt. Giving his last instructions, he left the fort on the 12th day of January, 1687, with a company of about a dozen men, including his brother, two nephews. Father Anastasius, a Franciscan friar, Joutel, and others, and moved north-east- ward, as is supposed, until the 17th of March, when some of his men, who had been cherishing revengeful feelings for some time, waylaid the Chevalier and shot him dead. They also slew one of his nephews and two of his servants. Tins deed occurred on the 20th of March, ou a stream called Ccnis. In 1687, France was involved in a long and bloody war. The League of Augsburg was formed by the Princes of tlic Empire against Louis XIV., and England, Sf>aiu, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, and Savoy took up arras, and Louis found himself battling with nearly the whole of Europe, and only Turkey for an ally. This war ended with the peace of Kyswick in 1697. No material change took place in America, but the colo- nists were harassed and many of their people killed or car- ried c-ptives to the Canadas. In 1688, the French posses- sions ill North America included nearly the whole of the continent north of the St. Lawrence, and the entire valley of the Mississippi ; and they had begun to establish a line of fortifications extending from Quebec to the mouth of the Mississippi, between which points they had three great lines of communication, to wit : by way of Mackinaw, Green Bay, and the Wisconsin Eiver ; by way of Lake Michigan, the Kankakee and Illinois Rivers ; and by way of Lake Erie, the Maumee and Wabash Rivers, and were preparing to explore the Ohio as a fourth route. In 1699, D'Iberville, under the authority of the crown, discovered, on the second f f March, by way of the sea, the mouth of the " Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives " Malbouchia," and by the Spaniards, ' La Pulissade," from the great number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western outlet, and returned to France. An avenue of trade was now opened out, which was fully improved. At this time a census of New France showed a total population of eleven thou.sand two hundred and forty-nine Europeans. War again broke out in 1701, and extended over a period of twelve years, ending with the treaty of L'trecht, in 1713. This also extended to the American Colo- nies, and its close left everything as before, with the excep- tion that Nova Scotia was captured in 1710. In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colonists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by France, under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by the United States, for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory of Louisiana and the commerce of the Mississippi river, came under the charge of the United States. Although La Salle's labors ended in defeat and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country. Had established several ports, and laid the foundation of more than one .settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia are to this day monuments of La Salle's labors ; for, th ugh he had founded neither of them (unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecrour), it was by those he led into the we.st that these places were peopled and civil- ized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored."* The French early improved the opening made for them, and before 1693, the Reverend Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, and became the founder of Kas- kaskia. For some time it was merely a missionary station, and the inhabitants of the village consisted entirely of natives ; it being one of three such villages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. This we learn from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, dated " Aux Cascaskias, Autrement dit de I'lmmaculee concepcion de la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembrc, 1712." In this letter, the writer tells us that Gravier must be regarded as the founder of the Illinois mi sions. Soon after the founding of Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia,t while Peoria arose near the remains of Fort Crevecocur X An unsuccessful attempt was also made to found a colony on the Ohio. It failed in consequence of sickness.^ In the north, De La Motte Cadillac, in June, 1701, laid the foundation of Fort Poutchartrain, on the strait, (le De. troit'),|| while in the southwest efforts were making to realize the dreams of La Salle. The leader in the last named en- terprise was Lemoine D'Iberville, a Canadian officer, who from 1694 to 1097 distinguished himself not a little by battles and conquests among the icebergs of the " Baye D'Udson or Hudson Bay." The post at Vincennes, on theOubache river, (pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly), was estab- lished in 1702. It is quite probable that on La Salle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. Until the year 1750, but little is known of the settlements in the northwest, as it was not until this time that the atten- ■■' The authorities in relation to La Salle are Hennepin : a narrative pub- lished in the name of Tonti, in 1697, but disclaimed by liim (Cliarlevoix III, 3tl5. Lettres Edifiantes. t Bancroft, iii. tflti. I There was an Old Peoria on the northwest shore of the lake of that name, amile and a half above the outlet. From 1778 to 17% the iiiliaiii- tants left this for New Peoria, (Fort Clark) at the outlet. Anuri.an State Papers, xviii. 476. ^ Western An mils, f Charlevoix, ii. 2S4. Le Detroit wa.s the whole strait from Erie to Huron. The first grants of land at Detroit, t. e., Fort Pontchartrain, were made in 1707. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 15 tion of the English was called to the occupation of this por- tion of the new world, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary among the Illinois, writing " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort Chartres, June 8th, 1750, says: " We have here whites, negroes, and Indians, to say nothing of the cross-breeds. There are five French villages, and three villages of the natives within a space of twentv-one leagues, situated between the Mississippi and another river, called the Karkadiad, (Kaskaskia ). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred whites, three hundred blacks, and some sixty red slaves or savages. The three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all told.* Most of the French till the soil. They raise wheat, cattle, pigs and horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can be con- sumed, and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to Kew Orleans." Again, in an epistle dated November 17th, 17."iO, Yivicr says : " For fifteen leagues above the mouth of the Jlissis- sippi, one sees no dwellings * * * * New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I think, than twelve hun- dred persons. To this point come all kinds of lumber, bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins, and bear's grease; and above all pork and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At point Coupee, thirty-five leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, witliin five or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison." Father Marest, witing from the post at Vincennes, makes the same observation. Vivier also says, " Some individuals dig lead near the surface, and supply the Indians and Can- ada. Two Spaniards, now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper we would find silver under the lead ; at any rate the lead is excellent. There are also in this coun- try, beyond doubt, copper mines, as from time to time, large pieces have been found in the streams." I' At the close of the year 17.50, the French occupied in ad- dition to the lower ilississippi posts and those iu Illinois, one at Du Quesue, one at the ^laumec, in the country of the ^•lamis, and one at Sandusky, in what may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the north-west, they had stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigau, at Fort Pontchartraiu (^Detroit), at Micliilli- uiackinac or Massillimacinac, Fox Kiver of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of La Salle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settle- ment. Another nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, and learning of its wealth began to lay plans for occupying it and for securing the great profits arising therefrom. - Lottrc-j Eiliffant,-: i I'm.-, ITolj, vii. 97-IOi;. t Western .Vnnali. The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the DISCOVERY OF TOE OHIO. The largest branch of the Mississippi river from the east, known to the early French settlers as la belle riviere, called " beautiful " river, was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La .Salle, in 1669. While La Salle was at his trading-post on the St. Lawrence, he found leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. While con- versing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea. In this statement the Mississii)pi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. La Salle, believing as most of the French at that period did, that the great rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to em- bark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent. He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Governor and the Intendent, Talon. They issued letters patent, authorizing the enterprise, but made no provisions to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary St. Sulpicc decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, and La Salle offering to sell his improvements at La Chive to raise the money, the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred dollars were raised, with which La Salle purchased four canoes and, the necessary supplies for the outfit. On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty- four persons, embarked iu seven canoes on the St. Lawrence. Two additional canoes carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present city of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to conduct them to the Ohio, but ill this they were disappointed. After waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian from the Iroquois colony, at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them they could find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. On their way they passed the mouth of Niagara river, when they heard for the first time the di.stant thunder of the cataract. Arriving among the Iroquois they met with a friendly reception, and learned from a Shawnee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. De- lighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made i-eady to resume their journey, and as they were about to start they heard of the arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the west. He had been sent by the Canadian government to explore the copper mines on Lake Superior, but had failed and was on his way back to Quebec. On arriving at Lake Superior, they found, as La Salle had predicted, the Jesuit fathers, Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. After parting with the priests, La Salle went to the chief Iroquois village at Onondago, where he obtained guides and passing thence to a tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far as 16 nisTOHY OF L'ANDOLPII. MOXROE AND PERRY COUXTIES, ILLINOIS. the falls of Louisville. Tlius was the Ohio discovered by La Salle, the persevering and successful French explorer of the west in 16(39. When "Washington was sent out by the colony of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty com- mandant at Quebec replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries of La Salle, and 'will not give it up to the Engli.«h. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio valley." ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. "We have sketched the progress of French discovery in the valley of the Mississippi. The first travelers reached tha* river in 1073, and when the year 17.50 broke in upon the father of waters and the great north-we-st, all was still except those little spots upon the prairies of Illinois and among the marshes of Louisiana. Volney, by conjecture, fixes the settlement of Yiucennes about 1735.* Bishop Brute, of Indiana, speaks of a mis- sionary station there in 1700, and adds: "The friendly tribes and traders called to Canada for protection, and then M. De Yincennes came with a detachment, I think, of Carignan, and was killed in 1735. "f Bancroft says a mili- tary e.stablishment was formed there in 1716, and in 1742 a settlement of herdsmen took place. J In a petition of the old inhabitants at Viucennes, dated in November, 1793, we find the settlement spoken of as having been made before 1742.§ And such is the general voice of tradition. On the other hand, Charlevoix, who records the death of "Vincennes, which took place among the Chickasaws, in 1736, makes no mention of any post on the Wabash, or any missionary station there. Neither does he mark any upon his map, although he gives even the British forts upon the Tennessee and elsewhere. Such is the character of the proof relative to the settlement of Vincennes. Hennepin, in 166-3-4, had heard of the " Hohio." The route from the lakes to the Mississippi, by the Wabash, was explored 1676, 1| and in Hennepin's volume of 1698, is a journal, said to be that sent by La Salle to Count Frontenac in 1682 or '83, which mentions the route by the Maumeel" and Wabash as the most direct to the great western river. In 1749, when the English first began to think seriously of sending men into the west, the greater portions of the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, of the nature of the vast wealth of these wilds. In the year 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had matured a plan and commenced movements, the object of which was to secure the country beyond the Allegheni.s to the English crown. In Pennsylvania, also. Governor Keith and James Logan, Secretary of the Province from 1719 to » Volney's View, p. 336. t Butler's Kentucky. t History U. S. iii. 346. J American State Papers, .xvi. 32. II Histoire General Des Voyages xiv., 758. ^Now called Miami. 1731, represented to the powers of England the necessity of taking steps to secure the western lands Nothing, however, was done by the mother country, except to take certain diplomatic steps to secure the claim of Britain to this unex- ploreil wilderncs?. England nad from the outset cl.aimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, on the ground that the dis- covery and possession of the sea coast was a discovery and possession of the country ; and as is well known, her grants to Virginia, Connecticut, and other colonies, were through from " sea to sea." This was not all her claims ; she had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This was also a strong argument. In the year 1684, Lord Howard, Governor of Virginia, held a treaty with the five nations at Albany. These were the great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Oneidas, Ououdagas, Cayugas, and Seuecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the six nations. They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 1701 they repeated the agreement. Another formal deed was drawa up and signed by the chiefs of the National Confederacy in 1726, by which their lands were conveyed in trust to Eng- land, " to be protected and defended by his majesty, to and for the use of the grantors and their heirs." The validity of this claim has often been disputed, but never successfull}'. In 1774, a purchase was made at Lancaster of certain lands within the " colony of Virginia," for which the Indians received £200 in gold and a like sum in goods, with a promise that as settlements increased, more should be paid. The commissioners from Virginia at the treaty were Col. Thomas Lee and Col. William Beverly. As settlements extended, and the Indians .^egan to com- plain, the promise of further pay was called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the Alleghenies to Logs- town. In 1784, * Col. Lee and some Virginians accom- panied him, with the intention of ascertaining the feelings of the Indians with regard to further settlements in the west, which Col. Lee and others were contemplating. The object of these proposed settlements was not the cultivation of the soil, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. Accordingly after Weiser's conference with the Indians at Logstown, which was favorable to their views, Thomas Lee, with twelve other Virginians, among whom were Lawrence and Augustine, brothers of George Washington, and also Mr. Hanbury, of London, formed an association whi h they called the "Ohio Company," and in 1748 petitioned the king for a grant beyond the mountains. This petition was approved by the English government, and the government of Virginia was ordered to grant to the petitioners half a million of acres within the bounds of that colony beyond the Alleghenies, two hundred thousand of ^^hich were to be located at once. This portion was to be held for ten years free of quit-rent, provided the company would put there one hundred families within seven years, and build a fort suffi- cient to protect the settlement. The company accepted the proposition, and sent to London for a cargo suited to the Indian trade, which should arrive ij November, 1749. »Pljia Facts, pp.40, 120. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Other companies wore also formed about this time in Vir- ginia to cohinize tiie west. On the 12th of June, 1749, a grant of 800,1100 acres from the line of Canada, on the north and west, was made to the Loyal t'onipany, and on the 29th of October, 1751, another of lOO.UOO acres to the Grtenbriar Company. * The French were not blind all this time. They saw that if the British once obtained a stronghold upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent their settlements upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts, and so gain posses- sion of the whole country. Upon the lOth of May, 1744, Vaudreuil, the French governor, well knowing the conse- quences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading posts in the north-.vest, seized some of their frontier posts, to further secure the claims of the French to the west. Having these fears, and seeing the danger of the late movements of the British, Gallisoniere, then Governor of Canada, determined to place along the Ohio evidences of the French claim to, and possession of, the country. For that purpose he sent, in the summer of 1749, Louis Celeron, with a party of soldiers, to place plates of lead, on which were written out the claims of the French, in the mounds and at the mouths of the rivers. These were heard of by Willliam Trent, au Indian commissioner, sent out by Vir- ginia in 17">2, to treat with and conciliate the Indians, while upon the Ohio, and mentioned in his journal. One of these plates was found with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August ICth, 1749, and a cojn of the inscrip- tion, with particular account, was sent by De Witt Clinton to the American Autiiiuariau Society, among whose journals it may now be found. These measures did not, however, deter the English fnmi going on with their explorations. In Februarv, H-)!, Christoph-T Gist was scut by the Ohio Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwecs, on the Miami, about 1")0 miles above its mouth. From there he went down the Ohio Paver nearly to the falls, at the jiresent city of Louisville, and in Novem- ber ha commenced a survey of the company's lands. In 1751, General Andrew l/cwis commenced some surveys in the Greenbrier country, on behalf of the company already mentioned. Meanwhile the French were busy iu preparing their forts for defence, and in opening roads. In 1752 having heard of the trading houses on the Miami River, thev, assisted by tlie Oltawas and Cliippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. The traders were carried away to Canada, and one account says several were b\irned. This fort, or trading house was called by the Engli.-h writers rickawillany. A memorial of the king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawellanes, in the centre of the territory between Ohio ami the Wabash." This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and occurred near the present city of Piqua, Ohio. The English were determined ou their part to purchase a title from the Indians of lands whi'-h they wished to occupy, and in the spring of 1752, Messrs. Fry,t Lomax and Pat. on ^^Rcvlsiil Pinmipi of Vir.'iiii.i. + .\ftirnar.l-i C'lHiinnii l.i-in-cliicf t meut of lUc I'rcnch Vi'-.'.r of 177j. Wasliiiii'tou, at Cio commencc- were sent from Virginia to hold a conference with the natives at L igstown, to learn what they objected to in the treaty at Lancaster, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June the commissioners met the red men at Logs- town. This was a village seventeen miles below Pittsburgh, upon the north side of the Ohio. Hero had been a trading post for many years, but it was abandoned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize the treaty of Lancaster, but the commissioners taking aside Jlontour, the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catherine Montour, and a chief among the six nations, being three-fourths of Indian blood, through his influence an agreement was eflbcted, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing a deed, confiruiing the Lancaster treaty in its fullest extent. Meanwhile the powers beyond the seas were trving to out-manieuver each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally outwitted the Indians, and secured themselves, as they thought, by their polite conduct. But the French, in this as in all cases, proved that they knew best how to manage the natives. While these measures were taken, another treaty with the wild men of the debatable land was also iu contemplation. And iu Sep- tember, 1753, William Fairfax met their deputies at Win- chester, Virginia, where he concluded a treaty. In the month following, however, a more satisfactc ry interview took place at Carlisle, between the representatives of the Iroquois, Delawares, Shawneos, Twigtwees, and Wyandots, and the commissioners of Pennsylvania, Richard Peters, Isaac Xorris, and Bonjamin Franklin. Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohi,), either as to the force, position, or purposes of the French, Robert Dinwiddie, then Governor of Virginia, determined to send to them another messenger, and learn if possible their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young surveyor, who, at the age of nineteen had attained the rank of major, and whose previous life had inured him to hardships and woodland ways ; while his courage, cool judgment, and firm will, all fitted him fir such a mission. This personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then held considerable interest iu western lands. He was twenty-one years old at the time of the appointment.* Taking Gist as a guide, the two, accom- panied by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They lefi Will's Creek, where Cumberland now is, on the 15lh of Xoveraber, and on the 22d reached the Monongahel;;, about ten miles above the f 'rk. From there they went t . L ogstown, where Washington had a long conference wil'.i the chiefs of the six nations. Here he learned the position of the French, and also that they had determined not to come down the river until the following spring. The Indians were non-committal, they deeming a neutral position the safest. Washington, finding nothing could be done, went on to Ve- nango, au old Indian town at the mouth of the Frencli Creek. Here the French had a fort called Fort Machault. Ou the 11th of D -c Muber he reached l!ie fort at the head of French Creek. Here he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, and upon the l<)th set out upun his return journey with no one l>ut Gist, hii guidi-. and a few -'SiKirks' Wa,liiu-:on, Vol. ii., ri>- iZi-n:. 18 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Indians, who still remained true to liim. They reached home iu safety on the 6th of January, 1754. From the letter of St. Pierre, Commander of the French fort, sent by Washing- ton to Governor Dinwiddle, it was perfectly clear that the French would not yield the West without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made ia all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French finished their fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications to be in readiness. The Old Dominion was alive. Virginia was the center of great activities. Volunteers were called for, and from neighboring colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac men were enlisting under Governor's proclamation, — which promised two hundred thousand acres on tlie Ohio. Along this river they were gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent had come for assistance, for his little band of fjrty-one men, who were working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. The first birds of spring filled the firest with their songs. The swift river rolled by th^ Alh-glieny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of spring and April showers. The leaves were appear- ing, a few Indian Scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand, and all was so quiet that Frazier, an old In- dian trader, who had been left by Trent in command of the new fort, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten miles up the M jnougahela. But though all was so quiet iu that wilderness, keen eyes had seen the low entrenchment that was rising at the fork, and swift feet had borne the news of it up the valley,, and on the morning of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink; — sixty batteaux and three hundred canoes, filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and stores. The fort was called on to surren- der: by the advice of the Half-King, AVard tried to evade the act, but it would not do. Contreca;ur, with a thousand men about him, said 'Evacuate,' and the eusign dared not refuse. That evening he supped with his captor, and the next day was bowed off" by the Frenchman, and, with his men and tools, marched up the Mouongahela." The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and English possessions unsettled, and the events already narra- ted show that the French were determined to hold the coun- try watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries: while the English laid claim to the country by virtue of the discoveries by the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New Found- land to Florida, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The first decisive blow had been struck, and the first attempt of the English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands had resulted disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed the fortifications begun at the fork, which they had so easily captured, and when com- pleted gave to the fort the name of Du Quesne. Washing- ton was at Will's Creek, when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched himself at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of French and Indi- ana marching against him, but was soon after attacked by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the morn- ing of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. The English Government immediately planned for cam- paigns, one against Fort Du Quesne, one against Nova Sco- tia, one against Fort Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions.. The expedition against Fort Du Quesne was led by the famous Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered an inglorious de- feat. This occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is gen- erally known as the battle of Monougahela or " Braddock's defeat." The war continued through various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7, when, at the commencement of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then secretary of state, afterwards Lord Chatham, active prepa- rations were made to carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one under General Amherst, against Louisburg; another under Abcrcrombie, against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third under General Forbes, against Fort Du Quesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surren- dered after a desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern partof the Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie captu red Fort Fronte- nac, and when the expedition against Fort Du Quesne, of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was found in flames anl deserted. The English at once took possession, rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illus- trious statesman, changed the name to Fort Pitt. The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the redac- tion of Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Araherst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point; and General Prideaux was to capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant Prideaux lost his life. Amherst captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point, without a blow ; and Wolfe, af.cr making the memorable ascent to the plains o£ Abraham, on September 13th, dufeated Montcalm, and on the l«lh the city capitulated. In this engagement, Montcalm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Jlont- calm's successor, marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with th3 purpose of defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian war. It resulted iu the defeat of the French, and the fall of the city of JMon- treal. The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of C.mada was surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of the Ibervill river in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same time, Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. On the 13th September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only re- maining French post in the territory. He arrived tliere on HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 19 the 9th of November, and suramoaed the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, Beletre, refused, but on the 29rh, hearing of the continued defeat of the French array, surrendered. The North-west Territory was now entirely under the English rule. In 17G2, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to prevent it fulling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fou- tainbleau, gave to the English the dominion in question. Twent)' years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the great lakes, comprising a large territory, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States. In 1803 Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to France, and by France sold to the United States. By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including all these and other towns of the north-west, were given over to England ; but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 17G5, when Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty in England, establisheil himself at Fort Chai-tres, bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, dated December 30th, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Catho- lics who worshiped here and the right to leave the country with their effects if they wished, or to remain with the priv- ileges of Englishmen. During the years 1775 i.nd 177(5, by the operations of land companies and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly established be- tween the AUeghenies aud the Ohio river, and western land speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held in Kaskaskia, on July .Sth, 1773, an association of English traders, calling themselves the " Illinois Land Company," obtained from the chiefs of the Kaskaskia, Ca- hokia, aud Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on the east side of the Mississippi river south of the Illinois. In 177o a merchant from the Illinois country, named Viviat, came to Post Viucennes as the agent of the association called the "Wabash Land Company." On the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piauke.-haw chiefs a deed for 37,497, GOO acres of land. This dccil was signed bv the grantors, attested by a number of the inhabitants of Yincennes, and afterward recorded in the office of a Notary Public at Kas- kaskia. This and other land companies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all were frus- trated by the breaking out of the Revolutionary war. On the 20th of April, 1780, the two comixinies named consoli- dated under the name of the " United Illinois and Wabash Land Company ; " they afterwards made strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all signally failed. When the war of the Revolution commenced, Ken- tucky was an unorganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. In Ilutehins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated th.".t at that time Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black inhabitants, the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia contained fifty houses, 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were east of the !Missis- sippi river, about the year 1771 — when these observations were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 238 negroes." From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following extract is made: " Near the mouth of the river Kaskaskia, there is a village which appears to have contained nearly eighty fam- ilies from the beginning of the late Revolution ; there are twelve families at a small village at La Prairie Du Rochers, and nearly fifty families at the Cahokia village. There are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philip's, which is five miles further up the river." St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time contained, inclu- ding its neighboring towns, over six hundred white aud one hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country west of the Mississippi was under French rule, and remained so until ceded back to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the country including New Or- leans to the United States. At Detroit, there were, accord- ing to Caj)tain Carver, who was in the north-west from 17G8 to 1776, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more than twenty miles, although poorly cultiva- ted, the people being engaged in the Indian trade. On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, and recog- nizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those w'ithin the commonivealth of Ken- tucky proceeded to exercise their civil privileges of tlecting John Todd aud Richard Gallaway burgesses, to represent theni in the assembly of the present state. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move of unequalled boldness. He had been watching the move- ments of the British throughout the north-west, aud under- stood their whole plan. He saw it was through their possession of the post at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them easy access to the vari- ous Indian tribes in the north-west, that the British intended to penetrate the country from the north aud south, and annihilate the frontier fortresses. Tliis moving, energetic mau was Colonel, afterwards General George Rodgers Clark. He knew that the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could the British be defeated and expelled from the north-west, the natives might be easily awed iuto neutrality ; by spies sent for the purpose, he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements might easily succeed. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartily iuto Clark's plans. The same plan had before been agitated in the Colonial Assemblies ; but there was no one until Clark came who was sufHciently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the scene of action to be able to guide them. Clark, havingsatisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his plan, received on the second of January two sets of instructions: one secret, the other open. The latter authoriz- ed him to proceed to enlist seven companies to go to Ken- 20 HISTORY OF IIANDOLPH, MONBOE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. tucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three months from their arrival in the west. The secret order authorized him to arm tlie troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand, at Pittsburg, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. "With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choos- in"- rather to raise his men west of the mountains. Here he raised three companies and several private volunteers. Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as tlie falls, where he took possession of and fortified Corn Island, between the present sites of Louis- ville, Kentucky, and Ivew Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may yet be found. At this place he ap- pointed Col. Bowman to meet him with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route. Here he an- nounced to the men their real destination. On the 24th of June he embarked on the river, his destination being Fort Massac or Massacre, and then marched direct to Kaskaskia. The march was accomplished and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort near the village, and soon after the village itself, by surprise, without the loss of a single man or killing any of the enemy. Clark told the natives that they were at perfect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the conflict thev would, and he would protect them from any barbarity from Biitish or Indian foes. This had the desired 'effect, and the inhabitants at once swore allegiance to the Ameri- can arms, and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the Gth of July, they accompanied him, and through their in- fluence the inhabitants of the place surrendered. Thus two iiniwrtaut posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the Eng- lish into the possession of Virginia. During the year (1779) the famous " Land Laws " of Virginia were passed- Tlie passage of these laws was of more consequence to the pioneers of Kentucky and the north-west than the gaining of a few Indian conflicts. These grants confirmed in the main all grants made, and guaranteed to actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the settlers, the laws provided for sell- ing the balance of the public lands at forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims over many of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity vote.* These gentlemen opened their court on October, 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided three thou- sand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, — George May, who assumed the duties on the 10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the next year (1781) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- sippi commenced. The Government of Spain exacted such measures in relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. f » Butlur's Kentucky. t American State Papera. The settlements in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was during this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the West in this young and enterprising commonwealth. The settlers did not look upon the building of the fort in a friendly manner as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain hael been friendly to the colonies during their struggle for independence, and though for a while this friendship ap- peared in danger from the refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the satisfaction of both nations. The winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusu- . ally severe ones ever experienced in the West. The Indians always refered to it as the " Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few pioneers lost their lives. The following summer a parly of Canadians and Indians, attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possesion of it in consecjuence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolt- ing colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were compelled to abandon the con- test. They also made an attack on the settlements in Ken- tucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable man- ner, they fled the country in great haste. About this time arose the cjuestion in the Colonial Congress concerning the western lauds claimed by Virginia, New York, Jlassachu- setts and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this sub- ject finally led New York, on the 19th of February, 17S0, to pass a law giving to the delegates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until September Oth, when a resolution passed that boely calling upon the states claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. This basis formed the Union, and was the first after all of those legislative measures, which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,Michigan, Wisconsin and ^Minnesota. In Decemberof the same year, the plan of coneiuering Detroit again arose. The conquest might easiiy have been effected by Clark, had the necessary aid been furnished him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew that the safety of the North- West from British invasion lay iji ihe capture and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the territory. Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the counties of Lincoln, Fayette, and Jeilerson, and the act establishirg the town of Louisville was passed. Virginia in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to,* and the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the colonies were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio Eiver of American parentage occurred, being that of Mary 9 American State Papers. HJSlOm OF EAyDOLPH, MOXIiOE AXD FERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 21 Hcckewelder, daughter of the widely known Moravian Mis- sionary, whose band of Christian Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1781 and 17S2 in the his- tory of the Xorth-west. During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and frontiersmen occurred, and between the ^loraviau Indians and the Wyandota. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practiced on the captives, many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of fron- tier outlaws. These occurred diiefiy in the Ohio Valleys. Contemporary with them were several engagements in Ken- tucky, in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill and knowledge of Indian warfore, saved the outposts from cruel destruction. By the close of the vear victory had perched upon the American banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her unconquerable colonies ; C'ornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October preceding, and the lib- erty of America was assured. On the 19.h of April follow- ing, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was proclaimed to the Army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the "West were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the centre of the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long I.,ake, thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the ^Mississippi Paver ; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line east to the head of the Appalach- icola Bivcr; down its center to its junction wiih the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. JIary's Kiwr, and theucj down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. Following the cessationof hostilities with England, several posts were still occupied by the British in the Xorth and West. Among these was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements with the Indians through- out Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose lands adventur- ous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by the proper trcatv. To remedy this evil, Congress appointed Commissioners to treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the settlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the North-west she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of December preceding, authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and the North- west Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. To General Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situ- ated anywhere north of the Ohio wherever they cly^se to locate them. They selected the region opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the village of Clarksville, about mid- way between the cities of New Albany and Jeffersonville, Indiana. While the frontier remained thus, and General Ilaldi- mand at Detroit refused to evacuate, alleging that he had no orders from his king to do so, settlers were rapidly gather- ing about the inland forts. In the spring of 17S4, Pittsburg was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in appearance. He say.s, " Pittsburg is in- habited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the North of Ireland, or even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being brought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per hundred lbs. from Philadelphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and money. There are in the town, four attorneys, two doctors, and not a priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabi- tants, and was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take defensive precaution against the Indians, who were yet, in some instances, incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no entries were recorded until 1787. The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished, they held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Con- gress adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made in 1781, that at Fort Mcintosh in 178.5, and through theso vast tracts of land were gained. The Wabash Indians, how- ever, afterwards refused to compi)' with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786, the free navigation of the !Mis sissippi came up in Congress, and caused various discussions, which resulted in no defiait^p anion, only serving to excite speculation in regard to the Western lands. Congress had promised bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its navigation, and the trade of the Northwest, that body, had in 1783 declared its inability to fulfill those promises until a treaty could be coucluded be- tween the two governments. Before the close of the year, 17SG, however, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some grants and settlements thereon, and on the 14th of September Connecticut ceded to the general government the tract of land known as the '' Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the year a_ large tract of land was sold to a company, who at once took measures to settle it. Bv the provisions of this grant, the company were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a de- 22 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. ductiiui of one-third fur bad lands and other contingencies, they received 750,000 acres bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the Seventh range of townships, on the west by the Sixteenth range, and on the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without the reservation. lu addition to this Congress afterward granted 100,000 acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the resolutions of 17.S9 and 1790. While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing its claims before Congress, that body \va3 bringing into form an ordinance for the political and social organization of this Territory. "When the cession was made by Virginia, 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition of slavery, which prevail- ed. The plan was then discussed and altered, and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. By this proposition tlie Territory was to have been divided into ten States by parallels and meridian lines. There were, however, serious objections to this plan ; the root of the diffi- culty was in 'the resolution of Congress passed in October, 17S0, which fixed the boundaries of the ceded lands to be. from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- ginia and Massachusetts they desired a change, and in July 1786, the subjeat was taken up in Congress and changed to favor a division into not more than five S.'ates, and not less than three; this was approved by the Legislature of Virginia. The subject was again taken up by Congress in 17S6, and discussed throughout that year, and until July 1787 when the famous " compact of 1787 " was passed, and the founda- tion of the government of the Northwest laid. This compact is fully discussed and explained in the sketch on Illinois in this book, and to it the reader is referred. The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of land between the Miamis. This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the follow- ing year. During the autumn the directors of the New England Company were preparing to occupy their grant the following spring, and upon the 23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, under the superintendency of General Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the surveyors and their assistant?, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hartford and proceed on their journey westward, the remainder to follow as soon as possi- ble. Congress in the meantime, upon the 3d of October, had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and to prevent unauthorized intrusions, and two days later appointed Arthur St. Clair Governor of the Ter- ritory of the Northwest. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. The civil organization of tlie Northwest Territory was now complete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of In- dian affairs, settlers from the east began to come into the country rapidly. The New England Company sent their men during the winter of 1787-8, pressing on over the Alle- ghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike from Cumberland, westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled on, and by April were all gathered on the Youghiogheny, where boats had been built, and a once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived on the 7th of that mouth, and unless the ^Moravian missionaries be regarded as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. General St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the North west not having yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, writ- ten out, and published by being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed to administer them. Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the Northwest said : " No colony in America was ever settled under such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. I know many of its set- tlers personally, and there were never men better calculated to promote the welfare of such a community." On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpo e of naming the new born city and its squares." As yet the settlement was known as the " ]\Iuskingum," but was afterwards changed to the name. Marietta, in honor of Mario Antoinette. Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Var- uum, who with S. II. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the judicial bench of the territory on the IGth of October 1787. On July 9, Governor St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act of 1787 pro- vided two distinct grades of government for the Northwest, under the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed on the governor's arrival, and the first, laws of the colony passed on the 25th of July: these provid- ed for the organization of the militia, and on the next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the county of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the second of September the first court was held with imposing ceremonies. The emigration westward at this time was very great. The commander at Fort Ilarmer, at the mouth of the Musk- ingum reported four thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between February and June 17S8, many of whom would have purchased of the " Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they been ready to receive them. On the 2Gth of November 1787 Symmes issued a pamphlet stating the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In January 1788, Mat- thias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest in Svmmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sec- tions upon which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one- third of this locality, he sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the three about August EiticLY OF BAynoLnr, MoynoE axd PEnnr counties, Illinois. 23 commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which was desig- nated as being Licking River, to the mouth of whicli thcy proposed to have a road cut from Lexington ; these settle- ments prospered but suffered greatly from the flood of 1780. On the 4th of March 1789, the Constitution of the United States went into operation, and on April 30th, George AVashington was inaugurated President, and during the next summer an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The President at first used pacific means but these failing, he sent General Ilarmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but was defeated in two battles, near the present city of Fort Wayne, Indiana From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 179(5, General St. Clair was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while he was encamped on a stream, the 8t Mary, a branch of the Maumee, he was attacked and defeated with a loss of six hundred men. General "Wayne was then sent against the savages. In August, 1794, he met them near the rapids of the JIaumee, and gained a cumpkte victorv. This success, followed by vigorous measures, com- pelled the Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the treaty cf Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large tract of country was ceded to the United States. Before proceeding in our nar- rative, we will pause to notice Fort "Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. Nearly all the great cities of the North-west, and indeed of the whole countrv, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer struc- tures, k:iown as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Ponchartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud cities of Chicago, Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities ea^t and wcstof the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a num- ber of strong' y-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers' quarters were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. The whole was so placed as to form a hollow .square, enclosing about an acre of grirtine it fir( ver remembered that this compact declared that " Itcligiou, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good governmont and the happiness of mankind, schools and means of education shall always be encouraged." Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platfirm and would not yield. Giving his unqualified declaration that it was that or nothing — that unless they cimid make the land desirable they did not want it — ho took his horse and gig and started for the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its pas.sage, and was unanimously adopted, every Southern member voting fnr it, and only one man, ^Ir. Yates of New York, voting against it, but as the States voted as States, Yates lost his vote, and the conijiact was put beyond repeal. Then the great States of Ohio, In- diana, Illinois, Michigan, and 'Wisconsin — a vast empire, the heart of the great valley — were consecrated to freedom, intelligence, and honesty. In the light of these ninety-five years, it is evident to all that this act was the salvation of the republic and the destruction of slavery. Soon the south saw their great blunder, and tried to repeal the compact. In 1803 (Congress referred it to a committee, of which John Randolph was chairnum. He reported that this ordinance was a compact, and opposed repeal. Thus it stood a rock in the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. With all this timely aid it was, after all, a most desperate and protracted struggle to keep the soil of Illinois sacred to freedom. It was the natural battle field for tlie irrepressible conflict. In the southern cud of the State slavery preceded the compact. It existed among the old French settlers, and was hard to eradicate. The southern part of the State was settled from the slave States; and this population brought their laws, 34 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND FERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. customs, and institutions with them. A stream of popula- tion from the Nortli poured into the northern part of the State , These sections misunderstood and hated each other perfectly- The Southerners regarded the Yankees as a skin- ning, tricky, penurious race of peddlers, filling the country with tinware, brass clocks, and wooden nutmegs. The Northerner thought of the Southerner as a lean, lank, lazy creature, burrowing in a hut, and rioting in whisky, dirt and ignorance. These causes aided in making the struggle long and bitter. So strong was the sympathy with slavery that in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and iu spite of the deed of cession, it was determined to allow the old French settlers to retain their sl.avos. Planters from the slave States might bring their slaves, if they would give them a chance to choose freedom, or years of service and bondage for their children till they should become thirty years of age. If they chose freedom they must leave the State iu sixty days or be sold as fugitives. Servants were whipped for offences for which white men are fined ; each lash jsaid forty cents of the fine. A negro ten miles from home without a pass was whipped. These famous laws were imjiorted from the slave States, just as they imported laws for the inspec- tion of flax and wool when there was neither in the State. These black laws are now wiped out. A vigorous effort was made to protect .slavery iu the State Constitution of 1818 ; it barely failed. It was renewed in 1826, when a convention was asked to make a new constitution. After a hard fight the convention was defeated ; but slaves did not disappear from the census of the State until 18.50. There were mobs and murders in the interest of slavery. Lovcjoy was added to the list of martyrs — a sort of first fruits of that long line of immortal heroes who saw freedom aa tiie one supreme desire of their souls, and were so enamored of her that they pre- ferred to dis rather than survive her. LAND TENURES. The early French settlers held the possession of their land in common. A tract of land was fixed upon for a Common Field, in which all the inhabitants were interested. Besides the Common Field, another tract of land was laid off on the Commons. All the villagers had free access to this as a place of pasturage for their stock. From this they also drew their supply of fuel. Individual grants were likewise made. Under the French system, the lands were granted without any equivalent con- sideration in the way of money, the individuals satisfying the authorities that the lands were wanted for actual settle- ment, or for a purpose likely to benefit the community. The first grant of land, which is preserved, is that made to Charles Danie, May lOlli, 1722. The French grants at Kaskaskia extended from river to river, and at other places in the Bot- tom they commonly extended from river to bluff. Grants of land were made for almost all the American Bottom, from the upper limits of the Common Field of St. Phillip's to the lower line of the Kaskaskia Common Field, a distance of nearly thirty miles. The British commandants, who assumed the government on the cession of the territory by France, exercised the pri- vilege of making grants, subject to the approval of his Ma- jesty, the King. Colonel Wilkins granted to some merchants of Philadelphia a magnificent domain of thirty thousand acres lying between the village of Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, much of it already covered by French grants pre- viously made. For the better carrying out their plans, the British officers, and perhaps their grantees, destroyed, to some extent, the records of the ancient French grants at Kaskaskia, by which the regular claim of titles and convey- ances was partly broken. This British grant of thirty thousand acres, which had been assigned to John Edgar, was afterward patented by Governor St. Clair to Edgar and John Murray St. Clair, the Governor's son, to whom Edgar had previously conveyed a moiety by deed. Although much fault was found with the transaction, a confirmation of the grant was secured from the United States government. When Virginia ceded Illinois, it was stipulated that the French and Canadian inhabitants, and other settlers, who had professed allegiance to Virginia, should have their titles confirmed to them. Congress afterwards authorized the Governor to confirm the possessions and titles of the French to their lands. In accordance with this agreement. Governor St. Clair, in 1790, issued a proclamation directing the inhabitants to exhibit their titles and claims of the lands which they held, in order to be confirmed in their possession. Where the instruments were found to be authentic, orders of survey were issued, the expense of which was borne by the parties who claimed ownership. The French inhabitants were in such poverty at this time that they were really una- ble to pay the exjicnses of the surveys, and a memorial signed by P. Gibault, the priest at Kaskaskia, and eighty- seven others, was presented to Governor St. Clair, praying him to petition Congress for relief in the matter. In 1791, Congress directed that four hundred acres of land should be granted to the head of every family which had made improve- ments in Illinois prior to the year 1788. Congress had also directed that a donation be given to each of the families then living at either of the villages of Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher, Cahukia, Fort Chartres, or St. Phillips. These were known as the " bead-right " claims. At an early date, speculation became active in the land claims of different kinds; bead -rights, improvement rights, militia right', and fraudulent claims were produced in greU numbers. The French claims were partly unconfirmed, owing to the poverty of that people, and these were forced on the market with the others. Tfie official report of the commissioners at Kaskaskia, made in 1810, shows that eight hundred and ninety land claims were rejected as being ille- gal or fraudulent. Three hundred and seventy were reported as being supported by perjury, and a considerable number were forged. There are fourteen names given of persons, both English and French, who made it a regular business to furnish sworu certificates, professing an intimate knowledge, in every case, of the settlers who had made cer- tain improvements upon which claims were predicated and when and where they were located. A Frenchman, clerk of the parish of Prairie du Rocher, " without property and fond of liquor," after having given .some two hundred depo- HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MOXROL AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 35 sitions ia favor of three land claimant speculators, " was induced,' in the bnguage of the report, " either by compen- sation, fear, or the impossibility of obtaining absolution on any O'ther terms, to declare on oath that the said depositions were false, and that in giving them he had a regard for something beyond tlie truth." The report of the commissioners raised many doubts in regard to the validity and propriety of a number of confir- mations by the Governors, and much dissatisfaction among the claimants; and in consequence. Congress in 1812, passed an act for the revision of these land claims ia the Kaskaskia district. The commissioners under this law were Michael Jones, John Caldwell, and Thomas Sloo. Facts damaging to persons who occupied positions of high respectability in the community, were disclosed. They reported that tlie English claim of thirty thousand acres confirmed by Gover- nor St. Clair to John Edgar and the Governor's son, John Murray St. Clair, was founded in neither law or equity ; that the patent was issued after the Governor's power ceased to exist, and the claim ought not to be confirmed. Congress, however, confirmed it. For a period of .several years, emigration was considerably retarded by the delay in adjusting land titles. The act of Congress passed in 1813, granting the right of pre-emption to settlers, was influential in bringing the public lands into market. Emigrants poured into the country, and improve- ments were rapid'y made. rilYSICAI, FK.VTURES OF TIIF. .STATE. Ia area the State has 55,410 square miles of territ iry. It is about 150 miles wide and 400 miles long, stretching in latitude from JIaine to North Carolina. It embraces wide variety of climate. It is tempered on the north by the great inland, saltless, tidelcss sea, which helps the thermometer from either extreme. Being a table-land, from 690 to 1,G00 feet above the level of the sea, one is prepared to find on the health maps, prepared by the general government, an almost clean and perfect record. In freedom from fever and mala- rial diseases and consumptions, the three deadly enemies of the American Saxon, Illinois, as a State, stands without a superior. She furnishes one of the essential con4,000,000 worth of slaughtered animals ; more than any other State, and one- seventh of all the States. Illinois is a grand and wonderful State, peerless in the fer- tility of her soil, and inexhaustible resources. She is fast marching on towards her predestined place asjirst among the sisterhood. We subjoin a list of the things in which Illinois excels all other States. Depth and richness of soil ; per cent, of good ground ; acres of improved land ; large farms — number of farmers ; amount of wheat, corn oats, and honey produced ; value of animals for slaughter; number of hogs; amount of pork; and number of horses. Illinois excels all other States in miles of railroads and in miles of postal service, and in money orders sold per annum, and in the amount of lumber sold in her markets. She pays a larger amount of internal revenue to the general govern- ment than any other state. Illinois is only second in manv important matters. Tliis sample list comprises a few of the more important: Permanent school fund (good for a young State) ; total income for educational purposes; number of publishers of books, maps, papers, etc. ; value of farm products and im- plements, and of live stock ; in tons of coal mined. The shipping of Illinois is only second to Xew York. Out of one port during the business hours of the season of navi- gation she sends forth a vessel every ten minutes. This does not include canal boats, which go one every five minutes. No wonder she is only second in number of bankers and brokers or in physicians and surgeons. She is third in colleges, teachers and schools ; cattle, lead, hay, flax, sorghum, and beeswax. She is fourth in population ; in children enrolled in public schools, in law schools, in butter, potatoes, and carriages. She is fifth iu value of real and personal propert)', in theo- logical seminaries and colleges exclusively for women, in milk sold, and in boots and shoes manufactured, and iu book- binding. She is only seventh in the production of wood, while she is the twelfth in area. She now has much more wood and growing timber than she had thirty years ago. A few leading industries will justify emphasis. She man- ufactures 8210,000,000 worth of goods, which place her nearly equal to New York and Pennsylvania. In the number of copies of commercial and financial news- papers issued, she is only second to New York, and in her miles of railroads she leads all other States. Jlore than two- thirds of her land is within five miles of a railroad and less than two per cent, is more than fifteen miles away. The Eeligion and Morals of the State keep step ivith her productions and growth. She was born of the missionary spirit. It was a minister who secured her the ordinance of 1787, by which she has been saved from slavery, ignorance, and dishonesty. Rev. Mr. Wiley, pastor of a Scotch congre- gation in Eandojph County, petitioned the Constitutional Convention of 1818 to recognize Jesus Christ as King, aud the Scriptures as the only necessary guide and book of law. The Convention did not act in the case, and the old cove- nanters refused to accept citiztii.*hip. They never voted until 1824, when the slavery question was submitted to the people. But little mob violence has ever been felt in the State. In 1817 the regulators disposed of a band of horse thieves that infested the territory. The Mormon indignities finally awoke the same spirit. Alton was also the scene of a pro-slaver)' mob, in which Lovejoy was added to the list of martyrs. The moral sense of the people makes the law supreme, and gives the State unruffled peace. With about 823,000,000 in church property, and 4,321 church organiza- tions, the State has that divine police, the sleepless patrol of moral ideas, that alone is able to secure perfect safety. Con- science takes the knife from the assassin's hand aud the blud- geon from the grasp of the highwayman. We sleep in safety not because we are behind bolts and bars — these only de- fend the innocent ; not because a lone ofiicer sleeps on a distant corner of the street; not because a sheriff may call his posse from a remote part of the county ; but because con- science guards the very portals of the air and stirs iu the deepest recesses of the public mind. This spirit issues within the State 9,-500,000 copies of religious papers annually, and receives still more from without. Thus the crime of the State is only one-fourth that of New York and one-half that of Pennsylvania. Illinois never had but one duel between her own citizens. In Belleville, in 1820, Alphonso Stewart and William Ben- nett arranged to vindicate injured honor. The seconds agreed to make it a sham, and make them shoot blanks. Stewart was in the secret. Bennett mistrusted something, and, unob.servcd, slipped a bullet into his gun and killed Stewart. He then fled the State. After two years he was caught, tried, convicted, and, in spite of friends and political aid, was hung. This fixed the code of honor on a Christian basis, and terminated its use in Illinois. The early preachers were generally ignorant men, who were accounted eloquent according to the strength of their voices. Gov. Ford .saj's, "Nevertheless these first preachers were of incalculable ben- efit to the country. They inculcated justice and morality. To them are we indebted for the first Christian character of the Protestant portion of the people." Jn£(fucaiiium EUivanls \Iiril:;l, Isiio, to DecijmburC, ISIS. Tlio term oftho Governor's h,:. im n i,r a.k two yc.->rs. Governor Ertwarrls was rc-appoiutoil from timo ti. tiiii., :i^ Ins I, rm expired, and served through the entire territorial government. SEcr.ETAr.IES. K.-ilhanicl Pope IVI.ireh 7, ISnn, to DeeemV.rr IT, ISH',. J.istph Phillips December 17, 1S16, to Oelober c, 1S18. AUDITORS OF rUBLIC ACCOUNTS. IT. II. Maxwell 1S12 to I.SIG. Daniel P. Cook January V.\, 181G, to April, l.sn. B.-ihert Blaelcwell April .^i, 1S17, to August, 1317. Elijah C. Berry August 28, 1317, toOctober 9, ISIS. ATTOr.NrVS riFNERAL Benjamin 11. Dovle i " ■ .'l, 1 ■ ", to December, 1809. •lohn J. Crittenden I'- i"'" r ■'•", 1809, to April, lalo. Th.jmas T. ('rittenden iiril 7. |s|ii, to Oetoher, Isln. Benjamin M. Piatt I i,.t,,l,.r •-'9, isin, to June, 1S13. William Mears Iune23, 1813, to February 17, ISIS. • From Le.jislativc Directory, published 1881. TREASURERS, 1S1-2 10 1818. DELEGATES TO COKGRESS. Sb.adraeh Bond Iir, rnibrr, 1S12, to 1S14. lleniamin Slepheuson September -l-J, ISH, to 1817. Naliianiel Pope 1»17 to Isls. JUDGES. March 7, 1809. Jbu-eh 7, 1SH9. Resigned. Obadiah Jones, \Vi 1 M<- Jeptlia Hardm. (Eastern elrcuil.).. ADJUTASTS-GEXERAL. Elias I),.ot,M- Mnv :; |s l!o Elias l:. . I..; .. . l\enjanunS|„|,| Wui. Akxande , 1M4 First Territorial Legislature— 1813. Convened at KaslcasUia on the 2.5th dav of November, A. D. 1812. Adjourned the -'etli dav of December, 1S12. .Second session convened and adjourned November s' A. D. 1S13. LEGISL.VTIVE COUNCIL. OFFICERS. President Pierre Menard. Si-crclnrii lohn Thomas. Duorkeeper Thomas Van Swcaringen. MEMBERS. Pierre Menard Randolph. Ramnel Jud.v Madison. lienjamui Talbott (iallatin. Tlionias Ferguson Julinsou. William Biggs St. Clair. HOUSE OF REPRE.?ENTATIYES. n li FRs. F:peal;er... Clerk Duurkecpt .George Fisher, -.William C, GrCi Reorse Fisher Alexand'T WiN..u Phillip Trallirnel , MEMBERS. ..Randolpli. .Toshua Oclesbv St. Clair, ....(iallatni. Jaeob Short SI. I'l.iir, ... (inllatin. William Jones Madison ....John.son. Second Territorial I.e*f;islatu FIRST .SESSION. LEtJlSLATIVE COUNCIL. OFFICERS. r-i-Meni Pierre Menard. Srcrr.lnTv John Thomas. Luurkceper Phomas Stuart. MEMBERS. Pierre Menard Randolph. S:imuel ,Iudy Madison. William Biggs st. riair. Thomas Ferguson Johnson. Benjamin Talbott (iallatin. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. OFFICERS. Snrakcr Ri.sdon Moore. Clerk William Mears. Duurileper Tliomas Stuart MEMBERS. Fisdnn iT.inr.- St. Clair. Phillip Trammel Gallatin. \V;lh,un l.oi Madison. Thomas C. Browne (iallatin. Jam..- I'M, St, Clair. Owen Evans Johnson. Jaiiu- < .i:i . 'II. Randolph. Seeond Territorial I^eglslature— 1815. SECOND SESSION Convened pursuant to adjournment, the 4th day of December, A. D. ISl.i. Adjourned January 11, A, D, 1810. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. OFFICERS. President Pierre Menard. ,Verretarii .Jolin Ihomas. Enrolnnn and Eagromng Clerk Wm. C. Greenup. jjoorkecper Ezra Ctwen. MEMBERS. Pierre Menard R.andolph. William Biggs St. Clair. Samuel Judy Madison. Thomas Ferguson Johnson. Benjamin Talbott Gallatin. » Expelled. mSTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 41 . C.Greenup. nOl'PE OF EKPRF.SF.NT.VTIVES. oi'Fici:i;-- Speaker Oerk Doorkeeper Enrolting and Engrossing Ciirk MEMEEK.S. Ri«don Moore St Clnir. .Ii'liti n. Lodon Mndh Phillip Trammel Gallatin. William l!alil>. Tlioma.« C. Browne liallatin. James Lemon Jarvis Hazelton Kaadoliili. Third TerHtorlal I/eglslatiire— 1816-IT. FIRST SliS-SlCPX. Convened at Ka=kaskia the 2d da.v of December. A. D. ISIG. Adjourned January 14, \. D. ISIT. ^ ' LEGISL.-VTIVE COl'N'CIL. OFFICERS, President Pierre Menard. Hrrrelar,, ;',"',?P,r '^"""'K'- Enntllimi and Enqro.siuj Clerk H. K.MoLaughlm. DoorkecJHr ! Ezra Owen. membet;?. "icrre Menard Randolph. .Mm Grammar Johnson. ,Iohn G. Lofton Madison. TliomM C. Browne Oall.ilin. Abraham .\mos St. Clair. HOUSE OF KEPRESEXTATIVES. OFFICEIIS. Speaker "T"'-?'; J'^^*"",' 0frk Daniel P. Cook. Enroi}ni!i''and'Bn'qrt>5Sinn Ocrk R. K. McLaUKhlin. Doorkeeper '. Ezra Owen. MEMBERS. Georce Fi.«her R.andolph. Joseph Palmer Johnson. C. R. M.alhenv ^^t. Clair. S.'th Card Edwards. \Vm. H. Brad'sby S^t. Clair. Samuel Omelveny Pope. ^'athan Davis Jackson. Third Territorial ieglslatnre— 1S17-18. SECOND SE5SlnN-. Convened .\t Ka.skaskia the Ist day of Docember, A. D. 1817. Adjourned Januarv li A. D. 1818. LEGISL.VTIVE COUNCIL. OFFICERS. President Pierre Menard. Seerctnr,! !,°''fP''.F'',""''-^L-,- Enre^inganAEagroaing CUrk R. KJ»IcLaughIir Doorkeeper MEMBERS. Pierre Menard Randolph. Abraham .\mo9 Monroe. John Grimmar Johnson. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. OFFICERS. Speeika- g^ilS? F'sh". (jlffrk Daniel P. Cook. Enrouimaiui'iiii^nTsing'cierk. R- K. McLaughlii Doorkeeper '.... - Ezra Owen. ..Ezra Owen. George Fisher Randolph Cha«. R. Matheny St. Clair. Willis Hargiaves White. Wm. H. Bradsby St. Clair Joseph Palmy J,.hnson M. S. Davenport Gallatin First Constitutional Convention. COXVEXTION I IF ISls. As.'serabled at Kaska-skia, July — , 1818. Adjourned August 26, 1818. Thirtv-three delegate,^. One member from Wa-shington county died during the .sitting of tlie convention ; name unknown. Constitu- tion adopted in convention without being submitted to a vote of the people. Approved by Congress, December 3, 1818. OFFICERS. President -Tes-se B.Thomas. Secretary William C. Greenup. I)ELEGATF,S. St. Cfctr— Jesse B. Thomas, John Messinger, James Lemen, Jr. Bandolph— George Fisher, Elias Kent Kane. Jl/adtscm— Benjamin Stephenson, Joseph Borough, .Abraham Pric- kett. GaZZo/iTv— Michael Jones, Leonard White, Adolphus F. Hubbard. Johnson — Hezekiah West, Wm. McFatridge. Edward.i Seth Gard, Levi Compton. irAt<<:— Willis Ilargrave, Wm McHenry. .AToTiroe— Caldwell Cams, Enoch Moore, Pope — Samuel Omelveny, Hamlet Ferguson. Jncfoon— Conrad Will, .lames Hall, Jr. Oau/orrf -Joseph Kitchell, Edward X. CiiUom. Bai!rd Coles IDeC. Nmian Kd wards Dec. Jotm Reynolds Dec. Wm. L. D. Ewing INov. Joseph Duncan Dec. Thomas Carlin ' Dec. Thomas Ford Dec. Augustus C. French Dec, Augustus C. French |Jan. 6, 1818.... 6, 1822... 6, 182C.. 9, 1830... 17, 1834. 3, 1834 7, 1838.... 8, 1842 !1, 1846 8, 1849... .St. Clair .'Madison..., . Madison.... .'St. Clair .Fayette .:Morgan .'Greene Joel A. Mfttteson Jan., Wm. U. Bissell Jan. John Wood Mar. .Ian. 14,18f.l. Jan. 16, 1865.., Jan. 11, 1869., Jan. 13, 1873., John L. Beveridge Jan 23, 1873 Richard Yates Richard J.OKlesby.. John M. Palmer Richard J. Oglesby-. 1853.... 12,18.57.., 21, I860.. Resigned Nov. 17, 1834. Elected Ren. to Congress. Vice Reynolds. * Shelby M. Cullom Jan. 8,1877.. Shelby M. Cullom 'Jan. 10, 1881.. Monroe Died March 15. 1860. Adams jSueceededto the office vic« Bissell. Morgan Macon Macoupin . Macon Resigned Jan. 23, 187S. Elected U.S. Sen*or. Succeeded to office, t1c« Oglesby resigned. 4-2. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Ijieutenan£-Goi Pierre Menard Oct. 6, 1818.. Adolphus F. Hubbard..' Dec. 5,1822., William Kinney., "' " Stinson H. .^nrter: John M'viri- Joseph n. Wolls... Wm. McM.irtry... Gustavua KcErner, John Wood 3 A. Marshall.. I \. Hoffman.. Dec. 7, 1838., Dec. 8. 1S42., Dec. 9, 1846. Jan. 8, 1849. 1853. 12, 1857. St. Claii Jefferso Fayette Jeffer.son, McLean,. Rock Isia Jan. 14, 1861., Jan. li;, 1805., „ Jan. 11, 1869., John L. Beveridge 'Jan. 13, 1873., John Early Jan. 23, 1873., Archibald A. Glenn Jan. 8, 1875. Union Coolt Winnebago. Brown Resienc-d March 1. 18.33 Pre.sident of Senate and Act- ing Lieut-Governor. Resigned Presidentof Senate and Act- g Ijieut-Governor Succeeded to office vice Bissell dec'd ^ 1860. President of Senate a ing Lieut-Gnvernc Succeeded to office of Gov. vice Oglesby elec'd U. S Sen Presidentof Senate and Act- ing Lieut-Governor. President of Senate and Act- ing Lieut-Gc Secretaries of State. Elias Kent Kane 1 1, t r. l-l- Samucl n, L.,ckwood 1 in ■ I -, ■ - David Bl-vkn-r-ll \]'ril J. ' Morri" P.pklu-.'k M,,t 1,1- I Georrr l,',,-|r ,r ,1 ,:, I,, I ' Alex^ui i, , ]■ I I, !,i I' , ,1, I - Stepli.-n \ h ,i|,-i,i. \,,> ,,.■, I- h Lyman '1 i '-ill .. I-I' -T, IMI Thompson r.inipbcll, , -Mar. 4, 1,<4:!„ Horaces. Cooley [Dec. 23, ls4r...| Horaces. Cooley 'Jan. 8,1849..' David L. Greggs \i.nn". !,■<." Alexander -Starne ' m l ■, i ,, Ozins M. Hatcli 1 n I ., 1 : OziasM. Hatch ,l:.n, II, l Sharon Tyndale ,,ian, P , I Edward Rummel 'Jan. 11. i George H. Harrow Jan. 1:1, 1 George H. Harrow Jan. ,'-. 1 ,, Henry C. Dement Ijan. 10, l,.^l,. lAppointed hy Gov. French. Elected under Constitution I of 1848. Died April 2, 1850. Auditors of Public Accounts. , 27, ls:n. Fayette James T. B. Stapp Levi Davis James Shields Wm. D. L. EwinK_. Thomas H. Campbel Thomas H. Campbel Jesse K. Dubois Jesse K. Dubois Orlin H. Miner Deo. li, 1864.. Sang; rhailcs E. Lippincott..]Jan. 11, 18C9.. Cass Charles E. Lippincott.. J.an. l.i, 187,3,, " Thomas B. Needles .fan. 8, 1877.. Washington Charles P. Swigert Wan. 10, 1881.. Kankakee... ? Ewing, deceased. Superintendent of Public Instruction. Ninian W. Edwards Mch. 24, 1854. Wm. H. Powell Jan'y 12, 1857. Newton Bateman |Jan'y 1,1859. Newton B.iteniaii iJan'y 4, W61. John P. Brooks Jan'y 12, 1863. Newton Bateman Jan'y lu, 1805. Newton Bateman IJan'y — , 1867. Newton Bateman 'Jan'y-, 1871. Sam'l K. Etter iJan'y 11, 1876. Jattes P. Slade Ijan'y 13, 1879. Sangamo Peoria.... Morgan.. Appointed by the Governor State Treasurers. John Tho R. K. Jlc I Jamc Willi; Willi; Resigned Dee, 3, 1,V10. Ale HBeveridg George W. Smith... Erastus N. Bates... Erastus N. Bates... Edward Ruiz Thos. S. Ridgeway.. Edward Rutz John C. Smith Edward Rutz ,l;m. 12, 1,S63„ .Ian. 9, 1865. Jan. 10, 1807. Jan. 11, 1869., Nov. 8, 1870. Jan. 13, 1873. Jan. 11, 1875. Jan. 8, 1877. Jan. 13, 1879. Jan. 10, 1881. Dekalb.. Oook Marion.. St. Clair Gallatin St. Clair JoDaviess . .Cook ,l|ipn,„t Kleeted. Resigned Sept. 3, 1859. Appointed, Carpenter. ,1859 Mille Attomeys-CJeneral. Daniel Pope Cook WHliam Mcars Sam'l D. Lockvvood..,. James Turncy James Turney George Forquer James Semple Ninian W. Edw.ards.. Ninian W. Edwards... .Jesse li. Thomas, Jr. Walter B. Scates Usher F. binder I W. Olney .'Mch. 6, 1819.. Randolph ... Resigned March 5, 1819. .'Dec. 14, 1819.. St Clair I Feb. 20, 1821,.!Madison Resigned Deo. 28, 1822. . laii'yll, 1^2:1 Washington Resigned Jan'y 7, IS'25. 1, l.>,.4„ ly 111, 1811, James A. Meli, David H, CiiLi] Kobeiti., Ill-- ■ iFeb." 12, 183.5. .'Madison. I,' I : -, .Llan'ylS, 1830.,'JefTerson I,, .i , 1 ,■ - , IFeti, 4. isn C,-.|p.i.,. 1:, ;-ii, ,l ,l;ii,' II, I ,;■<. .1,1, ix;- M-,,!,^,,,,, R, .,L',i.-,| Feti-y 1, 1,h:.19. ; Jl, h ,,!-,, ( ■ i,u,,|,| 1;, .|,_'iie,l Kov.19, 1S40. I-!', J.; I-'- !■,'', ','■",, .\pi...inledby(..ov. I 'Klc.by. I ,:, X I I. !■; , I ,- il,, - . Janv. ,11 1S77„, " : .^Jan'y.lO, I881..lWayne 1 - - State Geolo^Bts. When I From what appointed, i county. Joseph Norwood H. A. rlffers Amos H. Worthen.... L.-op.jld Riiditer Henrv Engolraann.. William Billington.. !.luly 21, 1R,51 ,'s,3neamon.-.. Act of Feb. 17, 1S51. ■\], 1, ■' 1- 11 ■(, , 1: \ !',,• >or%vood. 1,,, 1,1 ,, " i -,M. , .\|„,1 r., I-., I -' ' I,..: ,:Apnli:o, l.,„l„-.;n;4.m.,...-.. State Entomologists. When |From what appointed. ] county. D.B.Walsh Wm. LeBarron. Cyrus Thomas.. .June- 11, lsn7..!Rock IslandlDicd. .April 2, 1870..lK.ane iDied. .lApril 13, 1876..iJackson I Adjutants-General. Wm. Alexander Elijah C. Berry James W. Berry.... Moses K. Anderso Simon B. Buckner Wm. C. Kcnney.... I'homas S. Mather Allen C. Fuller Isham N. Haynie.. Edward P. Nlles.... Hubert Dilger Edwin L. Higgins Edwin L. Higgins Hiram Hilliard Hiram Hilliard When From what appointed. county. April ! June 1 Dec. 1 Dec. 1 April Deo. Oct. 2 Nov. 1 Jan'y 1 MohVii Jan'y 2 July July July , 1839. 1857. , 1857. , 1858. , 1801. , 1866. ,'1809. , 1873. , 1874. , 1875. , 1877. Sangamon... Cook St. Clair Sangamon.. Boone Alexander.. Cook Sangamon.. Resigned Nov. 11, Resigned Nov. 7, 1857. Died. Vice Kinney, deceased. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 43 POPrLATIOX OF ILLINOIS. i by Counties, ujordiag t> the United States census, from the year ISCk) to the year 1380, and dale 1800. i 1810. ; 1820. 1 ia.io. I'^Ml. I ISfiO. Adams Alexander. Hond Boone Brown Bureau Calhoun Carroll Champaign ... Christian Clark Clay Clinton Coles Cook Crawford Cumberland.. DeKalh IifWiti llH!lL'l;l* l>iira.-.- Iroqtv .T.vks •l.lSpc ..| 4,822 2,1811 i,:ao 2,031 3,0411 7.1,-: 2,.'i30 ],878l 3, 20:!! 7, 4V1 9, ."■32 111,2111 1 43,3S.V 41,323 4, 707 0,815 11, 078 9,938 25, 420 .1, 141 11,733 ll,32r, 14, 029 10, 492 11,987 9, .^3^, 10.911 14, 203 144, 9."i4 11,.V,I R.31I 10,086 10, .S2n 7,140 14,7"l! lc.,9i->| .■i.lSJl 7 8IC1 11,189 l,079l 0,303' 33, .l;).'?! 10,093! 10,379: a.nwl 29, 001 i 3,7.59; 2,2041 1 1 1' ■-, 1-1; 3,921 I ■.■• -•lllj 11,079 4,012 1_ ...,l 11. Till! r., 9.37 -., 5SS 19, 22s in, .-.73 ..■;72| r,ii.-,o. l,-.73 7,914 7,807 3,710 13, rcii 20. ISO 2,8'Hi ll.ixr. ♦,7lfi| 7. i21 1 12,0-,2 3,239: r.,.v24i 7, 01.-. 9,no3i 11,492 2,7Io| 4,210 4, 090 308' 0,739| 8,170 l,n7.'>i 4,S10| n,9.-.3 2,r..W| S, 133i 0, S2."i 0,0911 7,9I9j 2. -.14 8 92.'. s. 3111 1871 ,301 20, 000! ..; 4,.^r.: 7, 3.54i 12, 0.51 : 1 0, liSM 18,001 27,3-25 i;| 3, c-.io, 4,114 9, 342; .. 0, 5111 10, 703, 30. 0fi2i 1.5. 4121 ■ 7 73 ; I3.074I 4; 7,010 1:1. 279i 2.<, 0031 ,- 7,0,-,4! 11,220 18,2571 ..' 9, 3 IS 17. SI.5I 48.3321 .•* 7,0921 0.I2I1 9,214' 2, 03-.: r., 292: 17.0.511 .1 7.59 ■ 1,5.52, 11,037: 22, 112' 0,385' 22, SSsi 30, 001 1 9,,5.52| 0, 127 27.2491 0,712 3,943 .5, .587 17.205 9,711 21,00.5 9, 331 32, 274 14, CS4 9, 0(i9l 14.0131 9,004: •37,094 25,1121 21, 470, ll.lSli lo.rtiol 7, 3131 l8,.^3fi! 13.731] 12, 2131 12, 403 15, 71)71 29,3211 12,2a5 SO, 302 10, .564 13 152 12, 942 1-2,205 34,41 lr,'-u 18,719 15,875 10,285 When organized. 12, 0521 S-'S, 2911 11,1341 20, -277 14..93,s 1.3,Ot4| 35,9351 19.0.34 11,2.3s 17,8114, 1.5,0.54' 27, 820 ll,24.'i' 39,1191 24, .352] 1-2, .399 27, 171 : 31 , 471 2!, 0.531 20, 181 ; 10, .5nO 2.5.4711, 10, 751 f 1,01a, 30,00s 27. 903 I 10,.51R| 30..3SS; 8, .« 11 23. 174 17, .599 19,7.5.Ittrt-h 4, 1S19 14,873 J;inii:ir-.- 1. I«1T.. 11,527 Mi: ■': I, 1- ,^ .- 13,014 !■■■ I 1 . I i- .' 33. ISO F- ',- ■ , V J. 1 ■ :T N-. KM 18,924 r,-lMiiiuyl5, lb:ii 23,213 Fohmarv 14, 1821 15 105 Februarv.l7, 1.S.59 111, l.-Llnnuiu-V-'. isl.'^... : . J 1 ■ ■ •.-S, ISJl.. -.-11. 1825.. ■:. IS39 i'V 211, 1S41... r,n1 .l:ini 457 Feb .50S .lam 5; 5 F.-b, u-vl :. K2.5... uary -20, 18.33 ary 10, isio... n;n-vl5, 1S31 27; 491 1- ■','-.• ■--, i- :i 3s.,|5'i F,' 1 :; 11 V --7. 1^1: 2.5,041 Fel.|ll:u-\' 1 ., 1S:|9..., 30,071 .laiiiia'-y I'l, Isii 37,705.1aniiarvl7, 1820 .50.141 S-ptc-nibor 14, 1SI2.. 1,,. 11^ 1'. :.i;; ,:;.-s, lvl:l. ... iliflU .lannary 10,' ls3il 00,115 Dci-embfr 2.5, 1S30.. 13. 02s Febrnarvl5, 1.S.39.... 19, ,5111 .l:innnr%' 1:1. \---5 13,6.12 I::- ■ 1, I-' 2S, (iSii 1 31,51:. I 13,^111 |- 1 . ' .33,701 .biiiuiuv 111. l.^Jl.. 13,2.5c:Al.iil I, Isio 9, .507 51;>rch.3, 1843 S.555 .Taniinrv 13. !S-25.. 16, 2l'i la 1 -, 1125 745 February 10, 1839.... .3o;2S2 .lanuarv 23, 1S27 11,209 March 2,1839 Cl,SjO April 28. 1809 31,970 March 4,1837 29, 079 .January .31, 18-27 18, 1(«t .lannary 2. 1818 , 41, 000 .lannai-v 18, 1320 9, 91.5 Dcnen)ber27, 1824.. 22,940 .lannary 13, 1325 21,117 January 2, 1818 21, -297 Mareh20. 1819 23, II.S9 nceembcr 9, I815... 30, SM January 10, 1S:10 , 53, 424 January 1-2, 1830 , 19.320 Fcbruarv 23, 1839... 30, 518 January 16. 18.36 21, 630 February 27, 1841... County Seats. iQuincy Cairo Greenville Hclvifiere Ml. Sterling I'l in. --("M... ll-,r.lni M.-ir.sliall .'.'.'.'.'.'..'..'. ILouisville Carlyle Charleston , Chicago Robinson .:Majority Point '. lilliogliaMKiim..!.! . Van.lali.a Paxton . Benton . Lewistown . Shawneetown . Carrollton . Morris . Mel.eansboro . Carthage . Elizabethtown . Oquawka . C.mbridge . Watseka . Murphvsboro. . Xewtoii . Mt. Vernon . Jerseyville . Galena . Vienna . Kankakee City .'Yorkville . Galesbnrg . Wn.lkfgan I .V, :. ..-viiiel'Z! ' l.ine,!in..!3!"!".l - Deratni- . Carlinville . F.hvardsville . Slu-lhyvill. . Touion . nellcville. . Freeport. Marion.. B.>..klord... Metamora.. . 851,4701 1,711.951 2,.5.39.89ll 3,1 :, 030 as organized April 27th, 1790, by Arthur Pt. Clair, then Gnve ' rc^organized after lUinoiei had been established as a Terril or and Commnnde y, April 23tli,18iiO. ritory of the United Slate 44 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. Presidents. No. NAME. QUALIFIED. 1 George Washington April 30, ITS'i .•^ '' Mar. 4, nm 2 John Adams Mar. 4, IT.i? S Thomas .Icrtersou Mar 4, isin " " Mar. 4, 18llj 4 James Madison Mar. 4,1800 •« " Ma**, 4, 181-i 5 James Monroe Mar. 4, 1M7 C John Qiiiiicy .K'\Muf .... .M^r. 4, 1»25 7 .Andrew Jaclcso,, Mar. 4, ip M.ir. 4, 1833 8 Martin Van Bnron Mar. 4, 1837 Wm. Honrv Harrison.... Mar. 4, 1841 10 John Tvler April n, 1841 11 James K. l'..lk Mar. 4, 184,5 in Zacharvr.vl.ir M.ir. f<, 1S4') 13 Millard FiHni"r^ Inly 1", LS^" 14 FranUliii I'l ivr Mir. 4, IsVt Ir, James Bu.'i,.„,:,n M:ir 4, 1H.-.7 16 Abraham Li.icohi Mir. 4, 1.%1 " .Mar. 4, 180.5 17 Andrew Johnson April 15, 18b5 18 Ulvsses S. Grant Mar. 4, 1809 Mar. 4, 1873 10 Rutherford B. Hayes Mar. 6, 1877 ao James A. Garfield Mar. 4, 1881 21 Chester A. Arthur Sept. 20, 1881 Vice-Presidents. Secretaries of State. 2 Thomai .leffi- 3 Aaron Burr 4 George Clinft 4, 1707 4, 1801 4, 1805 4, 1809 6 Eldlidu-e Gerrv ..Mar. 4, 1813 ..Nov. 2.5, 1814 G Daniel D. Tompkins... ..Mar. 4, 1817 ..Mar. 6, 18^1 7 John C.Calhoun ..Mar. 4, 18i5 8 Martin Van Hiin-n ..Mar. 4, 1833 9 Ricli:i! 1 M .1- :hi-.ii .. ..Mar. 4, 1837 ...Mar. 4, 1841 •Saiir.. 1 - . . .;.l .Anril 1-., 1841 ..May 31, 1842 11 lifMru- M PaMi. ..Mar. 4, 1845 Vi Miliar.; I'llli. 1,11.1 ..Mar. .5, 1840 •William li KiiiK ...July 11, 1850 13 William K. Kiiii; ..M.ar. 4, 1853 •Iiavrl R, Atrhison.... ..April 18, 18.53 •Jesse D. Brieht ..Dee. 6, 1854 ..Mar. 4, 18.57 1.5 Hannibal Hamlin .Mar. 4, ISfil 16 Andrew Ji.hn-. »I,.afaveite ^ 1 •Benjamin 1' v 17 Schuyler ('nil iv 18 Henry WiN,.n ♦Thomas W. Fe il 15, 1 2, 18G7 I 4, 1800 r. 4, 1873 No. NAiaB. APPOISTEn. 17 John C.Calhoun Mar. 6, 1814 18 James Buchanan Mar. li, ls4o 19 John M. Clayton Mar. 8, 18i0 Daniel Webster July 22, 1850 20 Edward Everelt Nov. B, 18.52 21 William L. Marcy Mar. 7, 1853 "lewisCass Mar. 6, 1857 2:j Jeremiah 8. Black Dec. 17, I8C0 24 William H. Seward Mar. 6, 1861 Mar. 4, 1865 April 15, 1865 25 E. B. Washburne Mar. .5, 1809 26 Hamilton Fish Mar. 11, 1860 " Mar. 4, 1873 27 William M.Evarts Mar. 12, 1877 28 James G. Blaine Mar. 4, 18S1 29 Frelinghuysen, F. T Dec, 1881 Secretaries of tlie Treasury. 1 Alex. Hamilton Sept. II, 17S0 Mar. 4, 1703 2 Oliver Wolcott Feb. 2, 1705 Mar. 4, 1797 3 Samual Dexter Jan. 1, ISol 4 Albert Gallatin May 14, 1801 " " Mar. 4, 1800 Mar. 4, 1813 5 Geo. W. Campbell Feb. 9, 1814 6 Alexander J. Dallas Oct. 0, 1814 7 Wm. H. Crawford Oct. 22, 1816 Mar. 5, 1817 " " Mar. 5, 1821 8 Richard Rush Mar. 7, 1825 9 Samuel D. Ingham Mar. 6, 1820 10 Louis McLane Aug. 2, 1831 11 William J. Duano May 20, 1833 12 Roger B. Taney Sept. 23, 1833 13 Levi Woodbury June 27, 1834 Mar. 4, 1S37 14 Thomas Ewiug Mar. 5, 1841 " April 6, 1841 ..Sept. 13, 1841 ..Mar. 3, 1843 .June 1,5, 1844 ...Mar. 0, 1845 8, 1849 Secretaries of AVar. No. i William L. Marcy Mar. 6, 1845 23 George vv. Crawford.. . Mar. 8,1849 24 Charles M. Conrad Aug. 15, 1850 25 Jerter.ion Davis Mar. ,5, 1853 20 John B. Floyd Mar. 6. 18.7 27 Joseph Holt Jan. 18, 1801 28 Simon Cameron Mar. 5,1861 29 Edwin M. Stanton Ian. 1.5, 1862 Mar. 4, 1865 " " April 16, 1805 U. S. Grant, ad in(erim...Aug. 12, 1867 L Thomas, " " ...Feb. 21,1808 30 John M. Schofield May 28, 1868 31 John A. Rawlin,! Mar. 11, 1809 32 Wm. W. Belknap Out. 25, 1869 Mar. 4, 1873 33 AlphonsoTaft Mar. 8, 1876 34 James D. Cameron May 22, 1.876 35 Geo. W. McCrary Mar. 12, 1877 36 Alexander Ramsey Dec. In, 1879 37 Robert T. Uncoln Mar. 4, 1881 Secretaries of tHe Navy. 1 Benjamin Stoddert May 21, 1708 Mar. 4, 1801 2. RobertSmilh July 15, 1801 3. J. Crowninshield M 4 Paul Hamilton M 5 WiiliamJou 15 Walter Forward.. 16 John C. Spencer.. 17 George M. Bibb . 18 Robert J. Walk M. M I Th. iith. 21 James Onlhrie ■>i Howell Cohb 23 Philip F. Thomas ., 24 John A. Dix 25 S.almon P.Cha,se 20 Wm. Pilt Fesscnde 27 Hugh McCulloch... .Sla 23, IS, 7, ls-,3 . 6, 18,57 , 12, 1861 1 11, 1SI,1 186.= 29 George S. Boutwell 29 Wm. A Richardson M 30 Benj. H. Bristow ^1 Lot M. Morrill... 32 John Sherman... .April 15, IS .M ■■ " 11, 1: 17, 1 4, 1874 luly 7, 1876 Mar. 8, 1877 ..Mar. 4, IRSl ..Dec 1881 20 Chester A Arthur Mar. 4, 1881 21 David Davis Oct. 13, 1881 *Aeting Viee-Presidcnt £ pro tern of the Senate. Secretaries of State. Secretaries of \Vi 4 Samuel Den 5 Roger Grisv G Henry Dea 8 John Quincy Adams Mar. Henry Clfiy 1 1 Martin Van Bur U Edward Divines 12 Louis McLane . 13 John Forsyth 14 Daniel Web=tei ..Sept. 26, 1789 ..Mar. 4, 1793 ...Ian. 2, 1794 ..Dec. 10, 1795 .Mar. 4, 1707 .. May 13, 1800 ...Mar. 5, 1801 ...Mar. 4, 1805 ..Mar. 6, 1809 .April 2, 1811 11 George Graham ' 12 John C. Cal'ioun 13 James Barbour.. 14 Peter B. P,)rter. 15 John H. Eaton... 10 Lewis Cass .Sept. 12, 17S0 ..Mar. 4, 1793 .Jan. 2, 1705 ..Jan, 27, 1796 ..Mar. 4, 1797 ..May 13, 1800 . K. b. n, 1801 ...Mar. 6, 1801 ..Mar. 4, 1805 ...Mar. 7, 1809 ...Jan. 13, 1813 4, 1813 27, 1814 1, 1815 ,.ad interim Mar. 6 B. W. Crowninshield Dec. Mar. 7 Smith Thompson Nov. 8 Samuel L. Southard Sept Mar, 9 John Branch... 10 Levi Woodbury, 11 Mahlon Dicke 14 Abel P. Upshur.... 15 David Henshaw ... 10 Thomas W. Gi.mei 17 John Y. Mason 18 Geo'gelianeroft,... John Y. Mason 19 William B. Piesto ill William A. Graliar 21 John P. Kennedy. 22 James C. Dobbin . 23 l.saac Toucey 24 Gideon Welles 3, 1805 7, 1809 12, 1813 4, 1813 19, 1814 4,1817 9, 1S18 5, 1821 16, 1823 4, 182.1 9, ISill May 23, 1831 Mar. 4, 1833 June 30, 1834 .Mar. 4, 1837 June 25, 1838 Mar. 5, 1841 0, 1841 13, 1841 July 24, 1843 15, 1844 14, 1844 111, 1845 9, 1846 5, 1849 July 22', 1852 Mar. 7, 1853 Mar. C, 1857 Mar. 5,1801 Mar. 4, 1865 April 15, 1865 5, 1869 April ..F.b. .Sept. . Mar. Illy Postmasters-Creneral No. 26 Geo. M. Robeson June Mar. 27 Rich. W.Thompson Mar. 28 Nathan Goff, Jr Jan. 29 W. H. Hunt Mar. 30 W. E. Chandler April, 25, 1869 4 1673 12, 1877 6,1881 4, 1881 Secretaries of tile Interior. ..Sept. ,.Ma -,Mar. 7, 1825 .Mar. 6, 1S29 ..May 24, 1831 ...Mai'. .5, 1841 .. April 6, 1841 Hugh S. Leeare May 21, 184;) Abel P. Upshur July 24, 1843 ..Oct. ..Ma April 19 John C. Spencer Oct. 20 James M. Po-ter Mar. 21 William ftilkina Feb. ,181- 5, 1821 7, 1825 20, 1823 9, 1829 1,1831 4, 1833 7, 1837 ,5, 1841 6, 1841 12, 1841 iEwing Mar, 1 Thi 2 Alex, H. Stu; 3 Robert McClelland .Mar. 4 JacobTh'impson Mar. 5 Caleb B. Smith Mar. John P. Usher Jan. " Mar. 8, 1849 Sept. 12, 1850 7, 1853 4 Gideon Gi-auger Nov. 28, 1801 Mar. 4,180,5 " Mar. 4,1809 5 Reluru J. Meigs, Jr Wai-. 17, 1814 " Mar. 4. 1817 " Mar. 5,1821 6 John McLean June 20,1823 " Mar. 4,1825 7 William T. Barry Mar. 9, 1829 •■ Mar. 4,1833 8 Amos Kendall May 1,18:15 Mar. 4, 1837 9 John M. Niles May 25, 18Jl> 10 Francis Granger iMar 6. 1841 Apiil 6,1841 11 Chas. A. Wickliflo Sept. 13, 1S41 12 Cave Johnson .Mar. 6, 181,5 13 Jacob Collamer Mar. 8 1K49 14 Nathan K. Hall July 23, 18.50 15 Sam'l D. Hubbard Aug. 31, 18.52 16 James Campbell Mar 5, lR5:i 17 Aaron V. Brown Msr. 6, 18.57 18 Joseph Holt .Mar. 14,1659 19 Horalio King Feb. 12, 1861 20 Mnnteoniery Blair Mar. 5, iROl 21 William Dennison Sept. 24, 1864 Mar. 4, 186.5 " " Apiil 15, 1K65 22 Alex. W. Randall July 2.5, 1866 23 John A. J. Cresswell Mai'. 5, 1869 Mar. 4. 1S73 24 Marshall Jewell Aug. 24, 1874 25 James N. Tyner July 12, 1n70 2C David McK Key Mar. 12, 1877 27 Horace Maynard June 2, 18'!) 28 Thomas L James Mar. 4, issl 29 Timothy O.Howe Dec, 1881 Attorneys-General . 7 James Hailan 8 O. H. Browning 9 Jacob I'. Cox 10 Columbus Delano . 11 Zachariah Chandh UCarl Schurz Mar. 13 Samuel J. Kirkwood Mar. 14 Henry M.Teller April, 6, 1867 5, 1801 8, 1863 4, I8O0 April 16, 1865 May 15, 1865 July 27, 1806 Mar. 5, 1809 Nov. 1, 1870 .Mar. 4, 1S73 19. 1875 12, 1877 4, 1881 1682 . Oct. Postmasters-General. 3 Joseph Habersham F b. 26, 1789 12. 1791 4, 1793 25, 1795 I Edmund Randolph... Sept. .Mar 26, 1789 4, 1703 2 William Bradford .Jan. 27, 1704 3 Charles Lee .Dec. 10, 1795 .Mar. 4, 1797 4 Theophilus Parsons... .Feb. 211, 1801 5 Levi Lincoln ..Mar. 6, 1801 6 Robert Smith ..Mar. 3, 180.5 7 John Breckiniidge.... Aug. 7, 1805 SCicsar A. Rodney 28, 1807 ..Mar. 4, 1809 9 William Plnkney ..Dec. 11,1811 ..Mar. 4, 1813 10 Richard Rush ..Feb. 10, 1814 " •' ..Mar. 4, 1817 11 William Wirt ..Nov. 1.3, 1817 ..Mar. 5 1821 ..Mar. 4, 1825 12 John M. Berrien .. Mar 9, 1820 13 Roger B. Taney ..July 1.0, 1831 4, 1833 14 Benjamin F. Butler... ..Nov. 1.5. 1833 . Mar. 4, 1837 15 Felix Grundy ...July, 5, 1838 10 Henry D. Gilpin 11, 184(1 17 John J. Cnllenden.... 6, 1841 ..April 6, 1841 18 Hugh S. Legate ...f^ept. ...JuV 13, 1841 19 John Nelson 1, 1843 20 John Y. Mason ...Mar. 0, 1845 21 Nathan Clifford ..Oct. 17, 1840 22 Isaac Toucey ...June 21, 1848 23 Reverdy Jonnson .... . .Mar. 8, 1849 John J Crittenden... luly 22, 1850 24 Caleb Cn>hing ...Mar. 7, 1853 ...Mar. 6, 1857 26 Edwin M. Slanton.... .. .Dec. 20, 1860 27 Kdward Bates ...Mar. 5, 1861 ..June 28 James Speed ...Dee. 2, 1864 ....Mar. 4, 1865 a .1 .. Apri 15. 1865 29 Henry Stanbery ...July 23. 1866 30 William M Evarts... ...July 16, 1868 31 E. Rockwo'^d Hoa-... .. Mar. 6, 1809 32 Amos T. Akerman .. lune 23, 1870 33 George H. Williams. ....Dec 14, 1871 " ' ... Mar. 4. 1873 34 Edward Pi-rrepont. ...Apri 26, 1875 35 Alphonso Tnft ....May 22, 1870 36 Charles Devena ....Mar. 12, 1877 37 Wayne MacVeagh.... ....Mar. 4 1881 38 Benj. Harris Brewster...Dec. I88I 45 SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Joseph B. Varnii Henry Clay John W. Taylor.... Philip P. Barbour Henry Clay John W. Taylor... Andrew Stevenson. Pennsylvania Connectieut.. Pennsylvania New Jersey... MQBr^aclmaetts.- Kentweky New York, 2d Session.. Virginia Kentucky Robert M. T. Hunlcr John White John W. Jones John W. Davis Robert C. Winthrop. Howell Cohb Linn Boyd Joyd Tennessee, 2d Sesp Virginia Kenlucky Virginia Indiana Massachusetts.. Georgia Kentucky Naths niel P. Banks .Unies L. Orr Wm. Pennington lialu.iha A. Orow , Schuyler Colfar . Ma.«sachusel jriouth Carol .iNew Jer.oey. tPennsylvani .Indiana i G. Blaine Maine.. CpMSr Ter IstC'ngress April I, IT.y', t.i Miir.li 4, 2d Congress 'ii.;tober lit. IT'l. t'. Mm I 3d Congress Decerntxr j, 17'.';. lu M:in «h Congress iL-i-emli. r :, IT'i:., <■■ -Mm. 5th Congress. M iv r.. r; '7, i M .i 'i ■', 6th Congress. i '' .mt-i .17', 'iMit 1th Con.nrei.8 l •. . mi., r 7, l i , !'• M .i .*tth Congress -i, < .i„ ,17 l : . Mu I nth Congress ••■>'■> '-■' i.M.n lOth Cot.gress >• '<' 1 1 7, . Mu Uth Congress M .- ^- 11 . ■■ ' 12th Congress ^ ■ ' ^11 1 '"• '' lath Congress. "^I 'v 71, 11 ;. 1 1 u..i,u\ lUth Congl-ess hinumy Id, IMI, t.. .Man- llthCongies.s Uerember 4, Isl.->, to Mar 15th Congress li,ecember 1, 1S17, to Mar lilth Congress Iiecember G, l^l'.i, to Miij llith Congress \,,i, mb. r 1,7. l-j", i.. M:l 17th Congress Ii. ..,nl..r 1, l-jl, 1. 11, ,t l.slhCongress I <••''• 1 1 i-: '•■ M:u I'Jth Congress I'"" 1 • 1-7,1.. Mm 20th Congress 1 1. . .'liil...! ., I-J7, i.i iM;ii 21st Congress I ">'- ' ~. '^'-•. <" Mm 2'.'d Congl-ess 1'. ..nil- r 7, IMI, to M«v ■2nd Congress ' mi.- r 7, 1^.1 1, In .1.11,1 ■2;Jd Congress i.:... 7, 1- .1, t.. "M;,.. i. 1, 24th Congrtss i. . ... . ;,i- . \i 2.'tth (!ontireps >. . ■. 1 ■ 7i 26th Congress 1 :, *27th Congress ^' .^ ii n 7i z«th Congress Iiec.n.i- 11 • ■ 71 2ath Congress pecenil. ; ,1 '. 1 llnth Congress iDeceiril. 1 .1 ;: i . :11st Congress .Dt-.-einl. 1 7, : |. ' ^l.. .32d Congress |i,..i,.i 1 1 - 1 -.7],, H3d Congress I ' ' ■ iM .: 34th Congress 1 ;... 71 . . ,7L,i. :J5th Congress I '■ . 1 ' 1 . 71 . 36th Congress I '■■■ -'-'• ' '''• 37th Cf ngress ' . 1. ' 7; 1 38th Congress I ■: t : 1. 39th Congress I" . i 'i- 1609 1805 1SII5 .;Pennsylvauia,2dSe 44lh Cngrt-ss lle.-emb.T 1, I.s7.:, 1.. Miir.b 4, 157: .'4.ith Consress jOotober 15, 1K77, to March 4, 1879... .i4illh Congress JMarch 18, 1S7.J, to 1821 1652 i'sivi 1845 1848 185U POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1790 TO 1880, FROM THE OFFICIA L CENS US. States aud Territories. 1790. I ISOO. I 1810. 1820. 1830. I 1840. I 18S0. ! 1860. 1870. 1880. The United State 771023 209897 02,i97 25243.3 I 341)985 12282 651 02 24520 I 147178 711748 347.30 511.823 l')7445 313031 oppi Missi M .ss< Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire- New Jersey >'ew York North Carolina.... Ohio Oregon , Penn.sylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas The States Arizona 141885 184139 3411120 393751 4.34373 G882S 249073 35G91 151719 341548 422845 0112.305 09122 345591 105602 40 15.09 30.67 19,99 23.42 39.91 24.72 34.88 117.42 90.12 «S.90 NJSTOHY OF IIAKDOIA'II, MONROE AND I'KUHY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. CHAPTER III. OKOaUArilY, AinUrri.TVllAL llKSOUncnS AXD nAlL- ROAD FACILITIKS uF RAXlJOLlUI. .VOMiOB AXD PEJIRY COUXTIE^. RANDOLPH COUNTY. i/^J^ HIS county is situaud on the .'uiitlivctt borders of tlie slate, and bisected at riglit angles by the 38th degree oi' north latitude, and the 90th degree of longitude west from Gr(en\\icli. It is an irregular district of country, triangular ill outline, and bounded on the north by Monroe, St. (.'lair and Wabliingtuii coun- ties, on the ea.it by Perry and Jackson counties, and on the south and wejt by the Mississippi river and Monroe county.- It embraces an area of about si.Kteen congressional townships, or upwards of five hundred square miles. The Kaskaskia enters the county from the north in Baldwin precinct, flows ill a soutiierly course, and discharges its waters into the Mis.-issippi river about ten miles above the south line of the eiiuutv. The ea.-^t is traversed in the same direction by Mary's river, which enters the Mi-s^issippi about four miles below the mouth of the Kaskaskia. lu addition to these. Horse creek, and Nine Mile creek, tributaries of the Kas- kaskia, flow through the northern portion of the county; and the Little Mary, a tributary of Mary's river. The>e, taken together, furnish an excellent waterway i'ov all sections of the county. Besides the a'oove, there are streams of lesser note, which form auxiliaries to complete almost a perfect surface drainage. Toporjrapluj. — The features of the county topographically are somewhat varied. About one-third of its surface, com- prising the northeastern portion, is comparatively of a level or rolling surface, sufficient for good natural drainage. The prairie tracts are very small and limited, and possess a loamy Soil of lightish color, with a yellow clay sub-soil. These prairie lands, although not possessing the deep bl.ick soil peculiar to the central and northern part of the state, are nevertheless, very productive yielding abundant crops of corn, wheat, oats, and grasses, and this without very much effort' on the part of the husbandman. The jirairie region is restricted, maiuly, to that portion of the county underlaid by the coal fields. Soil and At/iiciilture. — Between this prairie region and the bottom lands on the Kaskaskia and Mississippi rivers, there is a bjlt of country underlaid by sandstone and lime- stone, which is ipiite broken and hilly, rising at some points to quite prominent bluffs. Originally this portion of the country was covered with heavy timber, and a considerable portion of its surface is still occupied by the natural forests. The soil upon these broken lands is somewhat shallower than that of the prairie.", yet its productive qualities seem to be about equal to the adjacent lands, and where the surface is sufficiently level for agricultural purposes, good crops are usually realized. The yellow clay sub-soil of this region appears to possess all the essential elements of a good soil, and when brought to the surface and subjected to atmos- pheric agencies, it becomes most productive. Hence, sub- soiling will be found largely advantageous to those soils that, from long and injudicious cultivation, have been par- tially exhausted. These broken lands are especially adapted to the growth of every kind of fruit peculiar to the temperate zones, and the smaller fruits may be successfully cultivated even where the lands are too undulating for the raising of cereals. Some of the enterprising German farmers have already commenced the culture of the grape, and the manu- facture of native wine by them has proven quite a success. It is a matter of experiment as yet, whether the Catawba will succeed as well here as in a more northern climate. Yet there are other varieties, if it should fail to be valuable, that can be successfully cultivated. The Delaware and Concord varieties have proven valuable and productive in all por- tions of the temperate zone, rather than in a comparatively mild one ; hen'-e its cultivation in Southern Illinois has gen- erally proved a partial failure, while in localities further north it has been comparatively successful. The Catawba seems to be less liable to be affected by mildew or rut in a climate as cold as it can stand without protection. It is no longer a doubtful problem that the broken and liilly lauds along the principal streams, e.^peciall)' the bluffs of the Mis- si^sijipi, where tlie marly deposit known as ''loess " has been ,inaNen Hanover l'.sIO .Moredork 061 Mitchic. Blufl; and llairisonville 2,:i77 Konault 1,(188 New Design l,47ii Prairie dn Long 1.480 The census of 1860 was Li 8.".?; of 1870, 12,982. The population of the town of Waterloo in 1870 was 1,537; in .880, 1,822. Topor/iiij/lii/. — The surface is considerably diversified, the region adjacent to the river bluHs being quite hilly and broken, while the eastern portion of the county is compara- tively level, and affords an area of excellent farming lands. In that portion of the county underlaid by the St. Louis limestone, in the central and southwestern uplands, there are numerous " sink-holes," which render the land nearly valueless for agricultural purposes. These depressions are funnel-shaped, and lead down to crevices or caverns below, through which the water that falls upon the surface finds an outlet into the adjacent streams. Occasionalh' the crevice at the bottom becomes filled up with the sediment that washes into it, and small ponds of water arc found, some of which, in the vicinity of Waterloo, cover an area of several acres, and are bountifully supplied with fish. ILjiIrof/riiphii. — The natural drainage of the county is almost complete, the Mississippi extending ali;ng the entire western boundary, and the Kaskaskia partially on the east. The principal interior streams are Fountain creek, Horse creek, and Prairie du Long creek. The former rises in the highlands south of Waterloo, and extends in a north- westerly course until it enters the American Bottom, and from thence southwesterly, emptying into the Mississippi near Harrisonville. Horse creek, which intersects the southern portion of the county, and Prairie du Long creek, which waters the eastern portion, both discharge their waters into the Kaskaskia. In the western part of the county there are several fine lakes, among which are Jloredock, Kidd, and the Grand Coule lakes, with some others of lesser note. Some of these are fed mainly by subterranean stream.?, which find their way through the fissures and caverns of the lime- stones underlying the adjacent highlauds. These lakes are well supplied with fish, and are favorite resorts for the sportsman, both for hunting and fishing. Resources, Soil and Ayricidttirc. — As a budy, Monroe county was originally heavily timbered, there being but three or four small prairies in the eastern portion, the larger of which arc Xew Design jjrairie, Prairie du Long, and Prairie du Rond, none of which exceed an area of more than three or four square miles in extent. The timber of the uplands consists mainly of the usual varieties of oak and hickory on the broken lands, while on the more level tracts in the east, elm, black walnut, hackberry, wild cherry, linden and honey-locust are found in abundance. The bottom lands are for the most part heavily timbered with Cottonwood, sycamore, black and white walnut, ash, elm, pecan, soft maple, persimmon, and several other varieties. The surface of the highlands is composed of a buft-colored sandy loam, often filled with bleached fresh-water and land HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. shells, and is underlaid with a variable thickness of drift, clays and " loess,' usually ranging from ten to sixty feet, and at a few points near thejiver blufls it attains a maxi- mum thickness of seventy-five to one hundred feet. The western portion of the county, embracing nearly one-fourth of its entire area, is included in the American Bottom. The average width of this alluvial belt is about four miles, and its extent north and south is over thirty miles. These bottom lands are exceedingly fertile, and really possess- three classes of soil. Probably the richest and most inexhaustible is that portion known as the blue-black deposit, and can be cultivated only when it is of a proper consistency between wet and dry. The other soils are composed of either black or light sandy loams. This land is peculiarly adapted to the growing of coru, but wheat, grasses and oats are culti- vated with success. On the uplands, wheat has been the grand staple for twenty-five or thirty years, and the yield and quality is unsurpassed by any lands in the state. rcrciinial Spriiir/s abound iu various parts of the county after rising the bluff. They are of pure cold water, and are auxiliary to the comfort of both man and beast. Many of these gush forth in sufficient quantities to form brooks of ever-running water. PERRY COUNTY lies immediately north of Jackson county, which forms its southern boundary, and is bounded on the north by Wash- ington, on the west by Randolph, and on the east by Frank- lin and Jefferson counties. It embraces a superficial area of twelve congressional townships, or about 276,480 acres of land, three-fourths of which was originally covered with timber. It is divided into eight political divisions or pre- cincts as follows : Grand Cote, Beaucoup, Taraaroa, Cutler, Pinckneyville, South Western, Du Quoin and Paradise. Pliickiift/rille, the seat of justice, is situated on the west side of Big Beaucoup creek, and near the geographical center of the count}- in section twenty-four, five south, three west, at the head of Four-JIile prairie. At this writing it contains a population of about 1.500 inhabitants. In 1837, according to Peck, it contained four stores, one tavern, one grocery, and fifteen or twenty families, and was sur- rounded with a .settlement of industrious farmers. Popiilation. — The first settlers were principally American born, and emigrants from the south. The present popula. tion is composed of various nationalities, English, German, Irish, Negroes and Poles ; the former probably being in the ascendancy. According to the official census of 1880, the county contained 16,008 inhabitants. Hydrography. — The county is well supplied with water- courses suitable for natural drainage. The principal streams within its limits are Little Muddy, Beaucoup, and Colombo creeks, all of them being northwestern affluents of the Big Muddy river. The former constitutes the principal portion of the eastern boundary of the county, and, with its tribu- taries, furnishes excellent drainage for that part of the county. Beaucoup creek flows through the entire county from north to south, and nearly equally divides the territory in acreage on the east and west, while the Colombo practi- cally drains the west and southwest. Topography and Soil. — The surface of the country is gene- rally rolling, and on some of the streams becomes consider- ably broken by low ridges, but not sufficiently abrupt to render the land unfit for cultivation ; while some portions are quite level, including a few flat prairies and a portion of the timbered land known as " Post-Oak F'ats." As stated above, Beaucoup creek trends through the center of the county, and the prairies occupy mainly the highlands be- tween this stream and the Little Muddy on the east, and the Colombo on the west, except the Grand Cote prairie, which occupies an elevated ridge in the northwest. The prairies here, as is usually the case in other parts of the state, form the highest part of the ground, yet their relative elevation is quite variable, even iu a single county. In Perry, they are mostly surrounded by timbered flats, which gradually pass into more broken timbered lauds as you approach the streams. Their surface is usually flat, or gently undulating, passing in places into the broken grassy upland known as "barrens." This land consists of low hills and ridges, covered with a dense growth of tall grasses, and quite desti- tute of timber. The sub-soil of the " barrens " consists of a white sandy loam, but the surface configuration afl!brds a complete drainage, and therefore sustains a good growth of vegetation, which in time has formed a rich soil, highly charged with humus. These lands become dry early in the spring, and from their excellent surface drainage, resist the drouth better than the "flats" on account of the soil being more porous, and readily absorb the atmospheric moisture. The absence of timber is undoubtedly due to the annual fires that sweep over them, fed by the tall grasses that cover the surface. Thes.-) "barrens" merge into the oak hills, which are similar ridges covered with a heavy growth of timber, consisting of post-oak, black oak, hickory, black- jack, etc. The creek bottoms within the barren region have a soil similar to that of the flats, but a little coarser, and contain- ing a greater per cent, of vegetable mould, rendering them as dark in color as the prairie soils. The timber is tall and heavy, and consists principally of the varieties of oak, ash, shell-bark hickory, walnut, hazel, and some other classes of timber. The " Post-Oak Flats" are comparatively level stretches of theuplaud, sparsely timbered with patches of post-oak, and interspersed with black-jack and a young growth of post- oak. They thus form an open forest, and the light, bleached appearing soil is but scantily covered with vegetation. The sub-soil comprises a white sandy loam, and reaches to the depth of several feet. The surface soil is quite shallow, and seems to differ from the sub-soil only by a slight mixture of vegetable mould. This soil, like that of the prairies, is so finely comminuted as to render it almost impenetrable to water, which remains in depression upon the surface until it slowly disappears by evaporation. A potent remedy for this would be by clovering frequently, or top dressing with a copious supply of well-rotted compost. These flats extend around the prairies, forming a narrow belt between them HISTORY OF BAXDOLPH, MONROE AXD PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 49 and the more broken timbered lands adjacent, and also from the highes: portions of the broad flat ridges between the streams where no pr.iiries occur. The prairie soil differs from the flau only in being more fully charged with vege- table humus, and a somewhat deeper productive surface. Of all these varieties of soil, the " Aals " are the most unpro- ductive, and require the greatest amount of skill and labor to bring them up to a standard that is most valuable to the husbandman. This can be effectually and cheaply done by deep and frequent plowing, which loosens the soil and aids the surface drainage and by topdrissing and plowing under green crops to give the required amount of vegetable mould, which treatment would undoubtedly insure a steady increase in the productive capacities of the soil, until it will equal the fertility of the adjacent prairies. Agriculture and Horticulture. — This is emphatically a wheat county, although large quantities of corn, oats, rye, potatoes, etc , are raised. The wheat raised upon the timbered land rates among the best in the state. The growth and prosperity of a country depends upon its agricultural resources; indeed the world could not move if it were not for this industry. HoiV true the aphorism, " The success of the huabandmau is the salvation of a country I " He is the bone and strength of the land, the engine, as it were, that drives the whole machinery of mankind — that which fosters life, distributes wealth, and creates happiness in every Breside in the land. When this industry fails famine, misery and tears prevail. Ireland, and other coun- tries of Europe, have in times past been striking examples of the famine tiend ; but thanks to a kind Providence, in our own country, and especially within the fertile fields of the grand old prairie slate, never have the people been obliged to realize the sufferings of those who were not blessed with the necessaries of life. The means and facilities for tilling the soil have kept pace with other improvements of the age. The old wooden muuld-board has given place to the elegant sulky plow, the reaping-hook is tran.-forined into the wonderful niechani,-im known as the self-binder, and the tramping of the cattle and the thud of the flail have yielded to the steam engine and the hum of the gigantic thresher. The farmers of this county are up with the times, and to a large extent are using all the modern farm machinery. Horticulture is given considerable attention, but not that notice the soil and cli. mate would warrant. Good orchards prevail in most parts of the county, and the small fruits and berries are cultivated quite largely, but with the natural resources of climate and soil of Perry county, with proper attention given to the culture of the vine and other fruits, a few acres of land might be made to yield as much profit as some of the larger farms. This may be a thought worthy the attention of those who own but small farms on the lands composed of the thinner class of soil. Trmisportaiion Facilities. — The early markets and the facilities for transportation were as inconvenient as the pro. duce to be moved was meager ; all things were in keeping and consistent with the times. These counties, especially 7 Randolph and Monroe, have enjoyed special early privileges in the way of transportation. Long before steam power was invented or thought of, the Mississippi and Kaska-^kia rivers furnished an outlet for all the products to be moved by the people. The early medium was by the means of the old- time flat boat, propelled bj- poles or sweeps. Then came the steam age, and a new area opened up to the people along the Mississippi ; and a little later still, the iron horse became an important auxiliary to carry the products to all points of the country where the markets might be most conducive to the interests of the husbandman. Only about a half century ago, a boat propelled by steam on the Mississippi was a sight to behold, nhile at this time, the long line of smoke from their volcanic furnaces is scarcely lost sight of, and the whistles from their hoarse throats are continually resounding throughout the American Buttom. Steamboats have navi- gated the Kaskaskia as far as Carlyle. The first boat that made the trip was the " Bellevue," in the spring of 1S37, Capt. Nelson commander and owner. In the same year, the steamer " Wild Duck " made a passage up the river to the same point, thus opening up a new era to the people along the banks of the Kaskaskia. At this writing, boats do not pass beyond Evansville on account of the St. Louis and Cairo Railroad bridge spanning the river a little above the aforesaid town. As already stated, the first navigation of the Mississippi was by rafts or flat boats. It was for some time a mooted question whether it could, with its swift cur- rent, be navigated by steamboats. This doubt was dispelled by the landing at St. Louis of the "General Pike," com- manded by Capt. James Reed, August 2d, 1817. About two years thereafter, a second boat ascended the river. This was the " Harriet," from New Orleans, June 'Id, 1819, and was commanded by Capt. Arniitage. The trip was made in twenty-seven days. This was the beginning of river com- munication proper between the marts of New Orleans and St. Louis. The first locomotive engine was invented by George Stephenson, of England, and was first successfully operated September 27th, 1825, on a short road from Stockton to Darlington, England In 1830, there were but twenty-three miles of railroad this side of the Atlantic. The first road operated in the States extended from Baltimore to Ellicott's Mills, Maryland, a distance of eleven and a-half miles ; this was in July of the above year. The cars were drawn by horses, the locomotive not then having been introduced on this side of the water. The coaches were open vehicles, somewhat resembling the carriages of that date. In the Baltimore American of July, 1830, an advertisement ap- peared of this road, stating that a sufficient number of cars had been provided to accommodate the traveling public, and that a brigade (train of cars) would leave the depot on Pratt Street at G and 10 o'clock a. m., and at 3 and 4 o'clock p. M. ; returning, would leave the depot at Ellicott's Mills at 6 and 8.30 o'clock a. m., and 12.30 and 6 v. m. The first road constructed in the Mississippi Valley was built from Illinoistown — now East St Louis — to the bluff, a distance of about six miles across the American Bottom. It was constructed in 1837, under the personal supervision 50 JIISTORV OF RAXUOLl'H, MONROE AND I'ERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. of Governor Reynolds, Vital Jarrot, aud a few others. It was expressly built for tiie purpose of transporting coal from where it cropped out at the bluff to the St. Louis market- It had a wooden rail, and the cars were driven by horse- power. The first line of railroad built in the state in which the locomotive was utilized was the North Cross Railway, ex- tending from (J.uincy to Danville. This was chartered in 1837, and the first engine placed upon it was in the winter of 1838-9, its run being from Meredosia to Jacksonville. The track was the primitive ttraprail style. The engine, as well as the road, soon became so inipaired that the former was abandoned, and the horsepower substituted in its stead. To-day, Illinois leads the van, has outstripped all other states in this gigantic enterprise, and now modestly bears the honors of a well-earned success in its magnitude of internal improvements. According to official reports of 1880, Illinois had 9,29i miles of track, constructed and equipped at a cost of 8408,745,915, thus surpassing every other s-tate iu the Union in miles of railroad. Many miles of track have been laid since the above report was made, the Prairie State, as usual, taking the lead of all other states. If within less than half a century such strides have beeu made in the facilities of transportation, what mind can conceive the progress that will be reached in the fifty years to come ? RAILROAD SYSTEM OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES. ST. I.OUIS AND CAIRO SUORT LINE l;AII,EOAD. St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute Raihouy Co. — This is one of the most important roads traversing Southern Illinois, and through its proprietary and leased lines does a very large business, having terminal facilities at East St. Louis and Eldorado, and an operating contract with the Illinois Central R R., by which through trains run to Cairo. The most important stations on the line of the road are East St. Louis, Belleville, Pinckneyville, Du Quoin, Benton, Gala- tia and Eldorado. At East St. Louis and St. Louis it has connections with all the roads centering in those important commercial marts. At Pinckneyville, connections are made with the Wabash, Chester and Western R. R ,and St. Louis Coal R. R. ; at Du Quoin with the Illinois Central ; and at Eldorado with the Cairo and Vincennes (now a part of the Wabash system) and the Louisville and Nashville Rail, road. This company was incorporated June 24th, 1862, under an act approved February 28th, 1861, by the purchase of the franchises and property of the Terre Haute, Alton, and St. Louis R. R. Co., and the Belleville and lUiuoistown R. R. Co., Oct. 30th, 1856, under act of the Illinois Legisla- ture approved February 28th, 1854. The Belleville and Illinoistowu R. R. Co. w as incorporated June 21st, 1862. The Belleville and Southern Illinois R. R., from Belleville to Du Quoin, 56 miles, was leased to this company Oct. 1st, 1806, for 999 years, and operated from January 1st, 1870. By subsequent arrangement of lease, the Belleville and Eldorado R. R , another leased line, and an extension of the former, from Du Quoin to Eldorado, 50 miles, was leased to this Co. July 1st, 1880, for 985 years. The officers of the road are : — President, W. Byard Cutting, New York ; Vice- President and General Manager, Geo. W. Parker, St. Louis; Secretary, Edward F. Leonard, Springfield ; Treasurer, Geo. W. Parker, St. Louis; Superintendent, J. L. Hinckley, Belleville ; Auditor, H. T. Nash, St. Louis ; General Freight and Passenger Agent, H. S. De Pew, St. Louis ; General Offices, 104 North 4th St., St. Louis. When the main line of the St. Louis, Alton, ami Terre Haute R. R. was leased in 1867 to the Indianapolis and St. Louis R. R. Co., the lessors retained under their own man- agement the Belleville brauch, aud stipulated that a certain portion of the equipment should be allotted to the branch from the general equipment of the road ; also that the lessors should erect a new depot at East St. Luuis, and withiu a certain specified time turn over the old depot grounds to the " Belleville Branch." The coal traffic along the line be- tween East St. Louis aud Belleville had always been au im- portant factor in the general butiuess of the road, while the trade iu other traffic is also remunerative. The charter of the St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute R. R. Co. authorized an extension of the road from Belleville to Paducah, and the question of building the line via Alhtns and Marissa, to some point on the Illinois Central Railroad in the direction of Cairo had been seriously agitated by the management during 1866-67. but it was finally deemed advisable to en- trust the construction to some other corporation, and lease the road upon its completion. The road, therefore, from Belleville south to Du Q,uoin, a distance of fifty-six miles, was built under the auspices of the Belleville and Southern Illinois R. R. Co., and opened for through traffic in 1870, under lease to the St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute R. R. Co. as aforesaid. As will be observed, this road forms a connection with the Illinois Central R. R. The short line between St. Louis and Cairo, also all poiiits south reached via Cairo, has c intributed materially towards maintaining intimate business relations between St. Louis and the Gulf States. The management, -ever since the opening of the Short Line for through traffic, has been a commercial aud financial success ; and if the owners of the St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute R. R. were wise, under the then existing circumstances, in leasing their main line on terms which guaranteed in perpetuity the interest on nearly all their bonded debt, they displayed more wisdom in obtaining a southern outlet for the branch which enhances its material value, and contributes largely to the amicable net revenue. When the Belleville and Southern Illinois R. R. was com- pleted and opened for business in 1870, and leased to the St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute R. R. Co. the latter com- pany, and the Illinois Central R. R. Co., made an agree- ment by the terms of which the road from East St. Louis to Du Quoin, aud from Du Quoin to Cairo, should be united under a business management, and practically operated as a HISTORY OF RAXnOLPH, MOXROE AXI) PERRY ('OrXTIK<, ILLIXOIS. single line. It was then christened, and has since been known as the " St. Louis and Cairo Short Line," but popuhirly known as the " Cairo Short Line." The character and resources of the country between East St. Louis, Du Quoin and Eldorado, traversed by the " Cairo Short Line," are well known to residents of Southern Illinois and St. Louis. The whole country, from East St. Louis to Eldorado, is underlaid with coal of a superior quality, from which large supplies are annually drawn for public works and manufacturing industries It is, also, the finest wheat producing section of Southern Illinois, and Belleville and other points on the line of road have extensive flouring mills, whose brands have acquired deserved reputations both in domestic and foreign markets. A few miles southeast of Belleville the road enters on the Grand Prairie, which ex- tends for twenty-two miles, and is proverbial for its superior grain crops. Here, also, a vein of very superior coal is found, especially near Coulterville, thirty-two miles from Belleville. The quality of the coal seems to improve with the increased distance from St. Louis. The celebrated " Bryden," or Williamson County coal, finds its way to St. Louis over this line of road ; also the Big Muddy coal from Jackson County. The present eastern terminus of the "Cairo Short Line" is at Eldorado, in Saline County, one hundred and twenty one miles from St. Louis. Number of miles of road, 121 ; aggregate length of sidings, 19— total track mileage, 140 miles; in addition to the branch from Belleville to East Carondelet, 16 miles, which will .*oon be opened and operated fur the delivery of coal to the manu- facturing e.^tablishmentsin Carondelet. TJii' St. Loiiix and Cairn R. A'., was chartered February l(jth. 186.5, and the entire line completed and put in opera- tion J[arch 1st, 187.5. It connects the cities of East St. Louis and Cairo, and has an entire line of track of 151 I'V miles. It was originally chartered under the name of the Cairo and St. Louis Railroad Comj)any, but within the last year it was reorganized and adopted the above corporate name. At the time of the organization of the company it was decided to build a narrow gauge— three feet — road, and it was believed that the enterprise would prove a success on account of the cheapness of construction and the economy of obtainiug the rolling stock. In accordance with these views contracts were let, and the management was encour- aged by the promises of liberal local aid to push the enter- prise to completion ; but the financial panic of 187.3, over- took it before it was thoroughly completed. The promised local aid failed to be forthcoming, and the company after struggling against many difficulties, was compelled at last to place the property under the orders of the court, and a receiver appointed, under whose management it was operated until February 1st, 188'i, when it was transfered to the pre- sent company, and is now conducted by them under the above name, with its General Office at 411, Olive street, St. Louis, Missouri. The following is a list of the officers of the road : President. W. F. Whitehouse ; Vice President, L. M. Johnson ; General Solicitor, S Corning Judd ; Secre- tary, C. Ritchie ; General Superintendent, Chas. Hamilton; Auditor, Lewis Enos ; General Freight and Passenger Agt., Geo. H. Smith. It utilizes seven miles of the East St. Louis and Carondelet RaiUvay, with a third rail from Ea.st St. Louis to East (.'arondelet The road enters Monroe county in the extreme northern part in Columbia precinct; extends in a south and easterly direction through New Han- over, Waterloo, and New Design precincts— clipping the southwest corner of Prairie du Long — and crosses the boundary line into Randolph county in the extreme north- west, in Red Bud precinct ; and extends thence ea.st and south through Randolph into Perry county, crossing the line of the latter in town 6, range 5 ; and thus includes more than one-third the length of the entire line of road. Witl)a.'ih, Cheder ami Wc-^trrii Railroad Compan;/. — This road was chartered March 4th, 1869, and entitled the " Ches- ter and Tamaroa Coal and Railroad Company." It was put in operation from Tamaroa, in Perry county, to Ches- ter, Randol|)h county, in JIarcli 1872. The company secured subscriptions to its capital stock from Perry and Randolph counties for which stock interest bearing bonds were issued. Those of the former county are yet outstand- ing and will mature in 1892 ; the interest — seven per cent. — is regularly and promptly paid July 24th, 1873, the com- pany was consolidated with the Chester and Iron Mountain Railway Company of Missouri, under the Iron Mountain, Chester and Eastern Rail Road Company. The road passed into the hands of a Receiver, and was for some years the sub- ject of lively litigation. A sale of the road took place, February 28th, 1878. under foreclosure in the United States Court, and H. C Cole became the purchaser. A company was organized Fel)ruary 20th, 1878, a- the " Wabash, Chester and Western Rvilroad Company," and began operating the road April 1st, 187S W. G. Barnard of Bellaire, Ohio, was President, and Charles B. Cole of Chester, Illinois, Treasurer and General Jlanager. This management leased the road to the St. Louis Coal Railroad Company, March 25th, 1882, for forty-five years. The main line — from Tamaroa to Chester is 40 iV.j miles ; branch — from Chester to the Penitentiary, 1 I'u'j miles ; sidings on the main line, 2 iVu miles; aggregate length of all tracks, 45 J Jj miles. St. Loui.'f Olid R R. Co. was organized October 15th, 1879, by what was styled the " St. Louis Central Railroad Company." The road was completed August, 188ti, from Carbondale to Harrison Junction, on the Cairo and St. Lonis Railroad, and was constructed from Murphysboro, Jackson county, to Pinckneyville, in the spring of 1882, connecting with the " Wabash, ("hester and Western " and the " St. Louis and Cairo Short Line." It was subsequently leased to the St. Louis Coal Railroad Company, which was oro-anized as stated above. It also operates under lea.se, the R. R. of the Carbondale and Shawncetown R. R. Co.— between Carbondale and Marion, a distance of 171 miles. Total length of main and leased lines 29 miles. This road has an extensive traffic in coal, and reaches the St- Louis market over the line of the St. Louis and Cairo Short Line R. R. Offiirrs. — Pre.sident and General Manager, Andrew C. Bry- den, St. Louis ; Vice-President, Edwin Harrison, St. Louis ; General Superintendent and Secretary, James C. Bryden, H]sT(inY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Carbondale ; Auditor, Edftiu Brown, St. Louis; Assistant Superintendent, James Prentice, Carbondale. ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD. The main line of this road enters Perry County from the uoith near the center of Taiuaroa precinct in section 4, and extends southward through the entire county, having about 18 miles of road in the county, besides the sidings. The most iin|xirtaut stations are Du Quoin and Tamaroa. In September, 1850, Congress passed an act, and it was ap- proved by President Fillmore, granting an aggregate of 2,595,051? acres, to aid in building this road. The act grantad the right of way, and gave alternate sections of land for sis miles on either side of the road. The grant of land was made directly to the State. On the 10th of February, 1851, the legislature of Illinois granted a charter to an east- ern company, represented by llnniotd and others, to build it, with a cajiital stock of $1,000,000. The road was completed in 1854. The legislature, in granting the charter, and trans- fci-iiiig to the corjioration the lands, stipulated that .sfccjijucr (I ///. of the gross earnings of the road should be paid semi- annually into the treasury of the State forever. This wise l)rovision, in lieu of the liberal land-grant, yields a handsome annual revenue to the State ; also that in the event of war government transportation should be furnished at a certain reduction from the prices regularly paid by the general government for such services. The proceeds of land sales have been regularly applied to the redemption of construc- tion bunds, and it is significant that while the original issue of mortgage bonds amounted to §22,000,000, that amount has been so reduced that in 1890 the whole issue will be re- tired, and the stockholders will own a road more than 700 miles in length, fully equipped, with no outstanding liability other than the share of capital. It may be noted here, that when the general government donated lands to the States of Illinois, Mississippi and Alabama, it was intended that through the aid derived from these lands a through artery of travel should be established between the Lakes and the Gulf ports. Had the war not supervened, the project would then have been carried out in its entirely, and the North and South movement of traffic would have beoi fully developed, but the enforced delay in carrying out the original pro- gramme was utilized in building up the State of Illinois, and in perfecting the track of this road. The resources of the com))any were taxed to their utmost capacity during the war, in furnishing transportation for the general government; but the interests of communities along the line were carefully watched, and a local business was built up, which in volume and value far exceeded the most sanguine expectation of the proprietary. Strict attention to local business has always been a marked characteristic of Illinois Central Railroad management, hence their lands have been eagerly sought after; and they have the satisfaction of knowing that the value of the road is not dependent entirely upon its identifi- cation with the through business of the country, but on the contribution of local traffic, which shows a permanent and certain increase. Two years after the close of the war, in 1867, the Illinoi.^ Central Railroad Company leased three railways in Iowa, "The Dubuque and Sioux City," "Cedar Falls and Minnesota," and "Iowa Falls and Sioux City' Railroads. The last named road was not, however, com- pleted to Sioux City until 1871. These leased lines have been extensive feeders to the Central ; and also have added immensely to the commerce of Chicago, and have been great auxiliaries in the development of Iowa and southern Min- nesota. On the opening of the Vandalla line, the Illinois Central made its first direct advance toward securing a representation in the traffic between Chicago and St. Louis. Two through trains were run daily, via Effiiu/liam. In 1870, on comple- tion of the Belleville and Illinois Southern Railroad to Du Quoin, the southern business of the Illinois Central Railroad, originating in St Louis, was transferable from Odin and Ashley, the former connections with the Cairo Short Line. Though the Illinois Ceutral Railroad put in a car-hoist at Cairo, to obviate the difficulties incidental to the diiferent gauge of the southern roads, the tedious transfer between Cairo and Columbus militated against a satisfactory develop- ment of through business, and it was not until 1873, by com- pletion of the ]Mississippi Central Extension, from Jackson to a point opposite Cairo, that the Illinois Central was en- abled to compete on equal terms with rival routes to the South for the business of the Gulf States. This extension could not have been built without the aid of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, which was given by exchanging one million of Illinois Central, five per cent, sterling bonds, which were easily negotiable in foreign markets, for five millions of the southeru bonds, bearing sere}/ per cent, an- nual interest, with the understanding that the difi'erence be- tween the interest of the sterling and the so\Uhern bonds should constitute a sinking fund for the redemption of the bonds at maturity. The financial panic of 1873, combined with other local causes, prevented the line between New Or- leans and Cairo from earning sufficient to meet the annual interest charges, and the property was placed in the hands of a receiver, where it remained until 1S77, when a reorgan- ization of the companies resulted in placing the direct con- trol in the hands of the Illinois Central Railroad Comi)any. No expense has been spared to put the road-bed and equip- ments in first-class condition. About the same time the Illi- nois Central Managers acquired, on favoiable terms, pos- session of the Oilman, Clinton and Springfield Railroad, and thereby secured in perpetuity the traffic of a valuable section of country formerly tributary to competing roads. At Durant, 309 miles from Cairo, connection is made with a branch, 21 miles in length, to Kosciusko, also at Jackson (Mississippi); the Vicksburg and Meridian Railroad fur- nishes a line to Vicksburg, and thence via the Vicksburg^ Shreveport and Texas Railroad for Monroe, La., Shreve- port and all points on the Texas and Pacific Railway. The Morgan's, Louisiana and Texas Railroad, in connection with steamers from Brashcar, furnish an alternate route to Gal- veston and other points in Texas The following statistics in reference to the physical con- dition and equipment of the Illinois Central Railroad, will not be devoid of interest : — HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MONROE AXJ> PERRY COIXTIES, II.LIXOIS. 53 MII.I-S. Msia line, Cairo lo I.a Salli-, opened for bnsine.'?, Jnn. Sth, ISM aw 09 Galena Branch, La Salle, to Dunkirk, opened Jure I21I1, ISM MC.-3 Chiiago Branch, Chicago to Centralia Junction, opened Sept 2i'.lh, 1856, °4!i.7S Springfield Division, Oilman to Springfield, i>pentd in Sept., Is;i 111.47 Tot.'il length of Main Line and Branches, M'.OT Aggregate length computed as single track, 831.CA Length of Sidings, l.''.2.G8 Total length of track owned in Illinoi.", 9W>.30 Iowa Pivi.-ion, from I.00 Slaking the total-number of miles, i',]-ii.: The line between Chicago and Cairo is operated as the Chicago Division ; tliat between Centralia and Dubuque as the Northern Divifion, and the Road between Oilman and Springfield as the Springtield Division. The tracks of the various lines are mostly steel-rails, the road beds, especially iu this state, are ballasted with rock, the rolling stock is ex- cellent, and the road throughout is, in all parts, first class. The :Main Line passe.s through the richest portion of the state — and is the greatest thoroughfare of travel and traffic between the North and the South. RAILROAD LINES. Believing that there are many farmers in these ccunties who desire a profitable investment, we would therefore call the attention of all who are desirous of procuring more land, or larger farms to the large quantity of good faiming land, the Illinois Central Railroad company still tfl'er for sale, along their line in Marion, Fayette. CIrnton, Washington, Jeflersou, Jackson, Perry, Franklin. Union, AVilliamson, Alexander, and Pulaski counties in this state. TITLE. The title to these lands ofTereti for sale is as perfect as huniau agency can make it. It was originally donated bj' act of Congress to the State of Illinois, and by an act of the State Legislature transferred to this company and its trus- tees. No incumbrance of any kind whatever. To all who desire in good faith to examine any of these lauds, the rail- road company issues half-rate tickets on any of their own lines to and from the nearest points to the land, and if such ticket-bolder buys even a forty-acre tract, they will allow what he paid for such ticket as part payment on the pur- chase. These lands are productive, the climate healthy, and prices very low — usually from S-l to S':! per acre, on easy terras, and a low rate of interest. These lands can be pur- chased on the following terms : One quarter cash, with five per cent, interest for one year in advance on the residue ; the balance payable in one, two and three years, with five per cent, interest in advance each year on the part remaining unpaid. For example, for forty acres of land at S5.00 per acre, the payments would be as follows : Cash payment S."i0.00 principal, and 57. .*0 interest. In one year SO.liO " " 6.00 In t«o years 50.00 " " 2.50 In three years 50.00 " (-200.00 (15.10 Or the same land may be bought for S180.00, all cash, as ten per cent, is deducted when all cash is paid. Full informa- tion on all points relating to any particular locality or tract, will be furnished on application, either in person or by letter, to p. Daggy, Land Commissioner, Room 36, No. 78 Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois. *'V<~^ (^uarternary. Tertiary, Carboniferous, Devonian and ."^ilurian systems. Be- neath them may, and, if generally accepted theoiies be true, must be formations of other sj-stems anteda- ting these. The Empire State of the Valley has mainly escaped from up- heaval by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, so that her prairies spread out in beautiful repose uninterrupted by unsightly masses of matter from long past ages. In the counties of Riindolph, Monroe and Perry, the various systems penetrated thus far by man iu his inquiries after geological truth have rewarded his re- search quite as well as any throughout the state. The Jlississippi with her deep grooved channel upon the West ■' her line of bluffs following up her general course; a break traversing the counties all contribute t.» nuike clear the strategraphical chart. The Quarternary, Tertiary and Carboniferous .systems present outcroppings here and there throughout their extent. The Quarternary, or uppermost stratum, is possessed of greater economical value than all other formations com- bined. It comprises the drift and all deposits above it of whatever may be the quality of the soil. In scientific terms, it includes the alluvium, buttora prairie, blufli' and drift of various thicknesses, which crop out here and there upon the surface. All those deposits which have been formed since the inauguration of the present order of thiugs, might be appropriately classified under the head of Alluvium as it embraces soils, pebbles, sand, elay.s, and vegetable mold, all of which are here found. Soils are a well-kuown mixture of various comminuted and decomposed mineral substances, combined and mingled with decayed vegetable and animal remains, and composing those ingredients so well adapted to the nourishment of the vegetable kingdom. They are formed by the action of water in form of rain or dew ; by atmospheric changes of heat and cold ; by decay of vegetable and animal matter. The soils of these counties are very deep and exceedingly pro- ductive. The vegetable kingdom has contributed largely to their formation. The luxuriant growth of prairie grass, 54 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. high as a man's head riding horseback (as the old settlers are wont to say), dying with the touch of frost each autumn to form a thin layer of vegetable mold, or. being burned by the raging fires of the hazy Indian summer-time to add their mite of alkali, has contributed untold wealth to the fertility of the soil. Here and there, are clay formations cropping out upon the surface, kindly inviting the hand of industry to transform their barrenness into tile and brick, and thus contribute to the general good. Immediately un- derneath are evidences of the aqueous agencies in pebble and formative sand rock measures, only waiting to become useful in various ways that man's inventive genius has devised. Upon the surface here and there, are the monuments to the existence of a glacial period, in form of great boulders, com- posed of quartz, feldspar, mica, and hornblend. We look upon these massive rocks, and note nothing in common with the formations surrounding them. Bedded in the virgin prairie soil, poised upon its surface, their composition declares them of different origin from other rock, and the abrasions upon their surface, sometimes in deep longitudinal grooves, oftentimes well rounded in general outline, declare in plain words a long journey thitherward. Scientists have critically examined them. Evidently the storm of centuries have beaten upon them where they stand, and the hand of time has broken many a fragment and piled them at their bases, as if to number the years of their being Speculations have been indulged as to their mighty journeyings from the far-off North land during an age when Manitoba waves would have been hailed as the breath of spring-time; an age when animal and vegetable existence were alike impossible. Borne on before the resistless power of slowly-movin'g glaciers or icebergs, they were dropped here and there on far-stretching prairies, or carried on the very tops of mountains, like those of Missouri, where their piled up con- fusion leads to the idea of a battle-field with the gods. Who can number the ages that have rolled away since it paused in its course, or measure the time of its journey ? or who assay to count the time it occupied its place in the parent ledge before the glacier or iceberg wrenched it from its place and bore it away ? The prairies themselves, stretching out in their beauty, — nay, in silent grandeur, — have invited man's genius to assign to natural cause their origin, and declare the years of their formation. Much scientific discussion has been indulged respecting thera. Prof Leo Lesquereux, in report of the State Geologist of Illinois, asserts that they, with their pecu- liar surface soil, owe their origin to the same causes that are at present operating to form prairies, though on a less exten- sive scale- The black, rich soil is doubtless, he says, due to the growth and decay of successive crops of vegetation, which, in the geological ages of the past, under a far higher temperature and more favorable atmospheric conditions than now exist, grew to an extent unknown since the appearance of man upon the earth. These prodigious crops of plants and grasses were from year to year submerged, and becom- ing decomposed, contributed their annual accumulations to the surface of the country. By the continuation of this pro- cess for untold centuries, and by the subsequent recession of the waters that once covered the entire Mississippi Valley, a black, mucky soil was formed, and the whole region emerged as vast swamps or swales interspersed with hills and valleys, mountains and table-lands. These, by gradual growth, became outlined in prairies. In each of the three counties here treated of, great deposits of coal have been found. The age of these formations would prove a study of interest. That of coal can be computed more accurately than any other encountered beneath us. It has been calculated that thirty feet of vegetable matter would be required to form one foot of coal. What must then have been the plant growth which gave us such vast deposits. RANDOLPH COUNTY.* The surface deposits of this county comprise the three usual sub-divisions of the Quarternary system, designated as alluvium, marly deposit known as " loess" and drift. The most important alluvial deposit in the county is that known as the American Bottom, which follows the great river from the northwest corner of the county southward to the mouth of the Kaskaskia, having a width varying from four to fif- teen miles. This belt is exceedingly productive, and but for the overflows to which it is subjected, would be by far the most valuable land of the county. The soil is quite sandy, but is intermingled with humus or vegetable mold or clay from the sediments of the river, forming a rich warm soil of unsurpassed fertility. The loess is a deposit of light brown or buff siliceous marl, sometimes also quite calcareous It caps the blufis of the Mississippi and other streams of the county, and is of a thickness varying from ten to sixty feet, or even m^ire. It generally contains great numbers of bleached shells. It gives origin to the bald knobs, that are often a conspicuous feature in the river bluffs. Ttie drift deposits of this county comprise a series of brown and yellow clays, intermingled locally with gravel and small pebbles, spread over the en- tire surface of the uplands, and underlying the loess where both are present. Boulders of igneous' character are occa- sionally seen in the valleys. Specimens of galena, analogous to the ores of Potosi in southeast Missouri, are frequently found beneath the soil in this county. Whether native, or transported by human agency, or yet b}' easterly currents, carrying them from their resting places across the river, is a subject for speculation. The stratified rocks exposed at the surface include a portion of the lower coal measures, from the micaceous sandstone above coal No. 6 in the general section to the base of the measures, together with the Chester group and the St. Louis group of the lower carboniferous limestone series. Coal Measures. — The beds exposed in the county that be- long to the coal measures comprise a series of micaceous sandstones, limestones, and shales, with two seams of bitu- minous coal. The thickness of the whole, including the conglomerate at the base, probably does not exceed two hun- » We nre indebted to the State Geological Reports for much data bearing on the Geology of these counties. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTJES, ILLINOIS. 55 dred and fifty feet. The followiug vertical section shows the succession and comparative thickness of these beds : Micaceous sandstone and shale ao to 40 feet. Band of limestone 3 " Shale 1-.! " Limestone and bituminous shale 4 *■ " Coal (Bellevillel •• 8 " Fire-clay and nodular limestone 3 " G " Shale or shaly sandstone .'iij " 40 " Limestone 3 '* 4 " Bituminousshale 3 " & '* Coal No. j (7) 2 " 4 " Fire clay 2 '■ 4 - Shii'e and .sandst4jne ( ■unglotneralf) ,M> " lao ■' The coal measures underlie about one-third of the county, being that part known as the prairie district. The sand- stone and shales that form the base of this group of strata give origin to a more broken surface. Of the coal mea- sures, two are developed in this county, the Belleville coal (No. 6) and a lower seam, probably No. .5 The Belleville coal seam is very regular, with an average thickness of about six feet. It almost invariably has a good roof, composed either of limestone or hard bituminous shale, either of which makes a subtantial roofing, both safe and economical. In a few places, packets of a conglomerate have been found in this roofing, notably in a shaft sunk near Coulterville, the giving way of which is attended with disastrous results. The coal from this seara is compact, of a bright color, and comparatively free from pyrites. Sometimes it rests upon a bed of fire-clay, but more frequently on one of argillaceous limestone. The over-cropping limestones are fossiliferous. The out-cropping of the coal measures, which underlie the northwestern part cf the county, is along Mary's river. At Pope's bank the coal is deposited in five distinct layers, measuring respectively sixteen, twelve, fifteen, sixteen, and one and a half feet- At Boyd's coal mines, one mile west of Spaita, the coal is obtained by a shaft sunk to the depth of about fifty feet through the following beds : Cluy ,um1 grnvel 20 feet. Limestone 2 " Shale 15 " Limestone 5 " ' <'oal •' The dip is slightly easterly, and does not exceed 5°. A mile and a half northeast is Wood's coal mine, where the coal is reached at a depth of forty feet. It is overlaid with bituminous shale and limestone. In the vicinity of Steels- ville, the coal is of an average thickness of six feet, and is found from twenty-five to thirty feet below the surface. Four miles to the south it out-crops in the bluffs along Cos's creek. Chester Group. — The following vertical section gives an idea of comparative thickness and relative position of the different members of this group: Grey silioious limestone No. 1 2.5 to 30 feet. Shalesaudshaly sandstones, with fossil plants . 80 " OO " Shaly liinest ,ne No. 2 15 " 18 '• Massive brown sandstone 40 ** Limestone No. 3, upper bed at Chester 40 " 45 " tireen and blue argillaceous shales, with plates of limestone 45 '* 70 " Arenaceous and ar^illaccovis limestone No 4 . . 20 to 30 feet. Massive and shaly saiid.-^tonc . 15 " 20 " Compact and granular grey limestone No. .0 . . 150 " Passive quartzose brown sandstone 120 '' This group attains its greatest thickness in the southern part of the county. At Chester the middle portion of this group forms the greater portion of the river bluff, and the beds afford the following section at this point : Green and purple scales 8 feet. Compact grey limestone 10 '* Limestone, irregular, partly ujdular and partly argil- laceous 32 " Green and argillaceous shales, with thin plates of lime- stone and ferruginous hands 70 " Compost grey limestone, with intercalated beds of blue aiKl green clay shales «2 " Total 202 " Adjacent to the city, and partly exposed on the hill-tops, is a bed of i]uartzose sandstone This sandstone is overlaid with another limestone which m.iy be found as you journey farther from the river, so that like step-stones these forma- tions rise one above another, exposed as the aqueous abra- sions have by lapse of time laid them bare. Near the Peni- tentiary buildings the top of the limestone is eighty feet above low water level of the river, and is overlaid by a mas- sive sandstone about fifteen feet in thickness. Below Ches- ter, limestone almost wholly made up of crinoidea and fish teeth abounds — a limestone susceptible of a high polish. At Prairie du Rocher, the bluff is composed of the massive grey limestone of the St. Louis group, but before reaching tlie general level of the adjacent country we pass over the lower sandstone of the Chester group, and the limestones and shales of the higher beds are found expo.std on all the small streams between the bUifis and Red Bud. At Red Bud, the sinking of a shaft presented the following record of strata : Surface clay 18 feet. Grey limestone, conUiiuing fossils found in the Chester group 13 " Clay shale 46 " Economical Geology, — Elsewhere in this work soils are treated of, and in presenting a brief view of what is appro- priately termed economical geology, we shall only call atten- tion to the minerals that furnish the basis of future wealth and importance to this county. Vodl — By far the most valuable and important mineral deposit underlies fully one third of the county. It has been calculated that the yield of a coal seam is one million tons to the square mile for every foot of thickness of the seam, and consequently the yield of the upper seam as here found would aggregate six million tons. Then if three hundred square miles of the county are thus underlaid the enormous amount of eighteen hundred million tons of coal awaits the application of human genius in its exhumation. Then, too, yet beneath this partially developed seam is another with probably one-third as much more coal. Mining coal, a comparatively new industry, is being rapidly pro.seculed, and with constantly increasing facilities for its transportation, and not only this, but for transfer of rude ores from the mountains of Missouri, to be changed as if by a magician's HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. wand into various forms of utility and beauty through its agency. It is destined to grow and demand enlarged facili- ties for exhumation and carriage. Manufacturing interests are taking hold, and will be within the next decade more than double in number and capacity. Bnildinf/ Stone. — Enough stone, and that too, of superior quality — abounds here to supply the state f jr centuries. Its presence was one of the great inducements offered in behalf of the location of the State Penitentiary at Chester. To particularize, the St. Louis limestone, abundant in the north- western part of the county, rising full two hundred feet in height, could be made available for the heaviest masonry, as well as for foundation-walls for dwellings, for flag-stones, etc. The lower sandstone of the Chester group, an excellent free- stone, which can be sawed or cut easily when freshly quar- ried, hardening on exposure, will furnish, practically, inex- haustib'e supplies for various purposes of art. Then the lower limestone of the same group, for all manner of archi- tectural display, is most excellent ; for caps, for cornices, for columns, and for shafts it is well adapted. Much of it is susceptible of a high polish, and will be availed of by way of ornamentation. Lime. — Stone employed in its manufacture abounds. The best is found in the vicinity of Prairie da Rucher. It is not surpassed by any calcareous deposit in the Mississippi valley for the production of a superior quality of lime. Clays. — The fire clay which underlies each of the coal seams nny be useil advantageously. Clay for the mauufxc- ture of brick of fair quality everywhere abounds, underly- ing the surface soil. MONROE COUNTY. As iu Randolph we find along the great river, following its course, a widespread bottom presenting its inexhaustible alluvial deposits. Soil sandy, intermingled with humus or vegetable mold and clay from the sediments of the river. Hemming in the great water way, as if to check its overflow, are great bluffs of varied character. The disturbances in the regular stratification of rocks are very marked, there being two decided axes. The nucleus of the more northern one is the Keokuk limestone, which is well exposed near Columbia on a small creek. Above the exposure is a brown- ish-gray and cherty limestone, forming about forty feet of its bulk, while the remaining ten feet consists of blue calcareo- argillaceous shales with small geodes of quartz. Immediate- ly west, the overlying St. Louis limeston ■ dips full 20 degs. south, while on the eastern side of the axis the dip in the opposite direction varies from 8 to 12 degs., thus forming a trough or valley, and indicating, at some time away back in the sleeping ages, mighty convulsions of nature which have pushed upwards out of their natural beds great mas.ses of rock, different from their fellows, upon either hand. These convulsions speak of an age antedating the carboni- ferous period, since coal measures in regular lines cross the valley, intervening the exposures of the Keokuk limestone. The other axis is to the south and shows the elevation of the Saccharoidal sandstone. Its extent is limited, as it rapidly sinks to the eastward beneath shales and limestones of the Lower Carboni.'erous series. The relative position and comparative thickness of the stratified rocks in this county are shown iu the following section : No. 1. Cial lupa^nre.si 40 to .W foet. Xo. 2. Chester Kionp Km to :i'.il feet. N.i. ;;. rppc-r St Louis limestone 140 to l.'Jl feet. No. 4. Lowel- St. Louis or W:U'.s:uv VJO to l:'.0 IVt't, No..-.. Keolcok liojestone loll fcet. No. 0. Iturlinu'ton limestone 7o to lull feet. No. 7. Kiudiuhook (jroup so to IIKJ feet- No. 8. Trenton limestone 12(1 feet. The a^^regate thickness of these rocks may be estimated at about oue thousand feet, and they represent a very large portion of the whole Paleozoic series below the coal meas- ures, as that series is developed in Southern Illinois. No part of the State presents more interesting phases of geo- logical research than here. Coal is found throughout the basin formed by the break in the formations already referred to, and is necessarily confined to a narrow strip. Breaks in coal measures, being quite as uneven as the basis on which they rest, make successful mining hazardous. At a number of points within the isolated synical basin, coal was found, and in some places successfully rained. Gall's coal mines, on the northwest quarter of section 3, township 2 south, range 4 west, have been quite extensively worked and abandoned. The beds exposed give the following section : fuloareons shales C (o s feet. I oui part ar(;illiieeou-s limestone 3 to 4 feet. P.ilmninons shale I to 3 feet. Cal. liellevillescam :Uo 4 feet. Ciiloareoils shnlesauil no lul.ir limestone .T to 4 feet. Sliule tiiul shiily .siinilstone Ij feet No. 2. Chester Group. — As developed in this county is the upper group of the lower carboniferous system, consists of a heavy bed of sandstone forming its lower division, aljove which are two or three beds of limestone alternating with sandy and argillaceous shales and sandstones. In thickness they are less than in Randolph county, and as we travel north grow more and more so. In places the rock of this group is massive and concretionary in structure, then again, fossiliferous, consisting of coarse, granular and partly crinoi- dal limestone. Nos. 3 and 4 St LouL? Limestone. Upper and Loiver. Occurs in extensive outcrops in the county, and in two well- marked divisions. The upper consists mainly of light-gray compact, regularly bedded limestones, with some thin shaly partings, and the lower of buff or brown marly and partly maguesian beds, and with some very massive layers of a serai- oolitic, nearly white limestone. Exposures of these groups are met with to the east and north of the Chester group. 'Ihe sink holes met with are a sure guide to the extent of these formations, they being only formed where the upper division of this group forms the bed-rock. No. 5. Keokuk Group. — Exposures of this group are rare in this county, forming as it does the nucleus of the anticlinal axis passing near Columbia. It has been found to be com- posed of coarse-grained gray limestone, yellow calcareous shale, blue shale, cherty gray limestone and bedded chert. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. No. 6. Burliiiyton LlmrstDin' — May include the bedded chert attributed above to the Kenkuk group. It is couliiicd to the viciuity of Salt Lick Point where it forms the upper escarpment of tiie bluH'. It consists of alternations of light- gray crinoidal limestone and chert. Tiie bluff where found is the highest between St. Louis and Chester, presenting from its summit a grand panorama of river and valley. Nu. 7. K'lHih'fhQok Group. — Seemingly out of its place, having by some agency been pushe;). The former is tmall, with long body, elongated, sharp muz- zle, smooth tongue, and like all the dog family, has five- toed fore-feet and four-toed hind ones. It formerly inhabited, in large numbers, the wild prairie regions, but latterly has disappearwl from this part of the state. The latter is large, with long, sJim body, long, sharp muzzle, smooth tongue, and straight, bushy tail. In years gone by the howling of these wolves was the evening serenade of the pioneer settlers, and foreboded havoc among the flocks of those times. A few of this species are still found in dense woodlands and unfre- quented thickets on the prairies. Two species of fox ( Vulpes) are found here, the common or Gray Fox {Vulpes mdgaris), and the Red Fox ( Vvlpcs fidrvs). The former are still numerous in this region ; the latter, rare. Both species are noted for their extreme cunning, and their predatory habits. Foxes are readily distinguished by their slender, pointed muzzle, long,bushy tail, aod the elliptical pupil of the eye. Of the Cat family (Fr/ida), the only two indigenous repre- sentatives are the American wild-cat {Lijiix rvfus), and the Canadian lynx (Lynx eaiiiidfrisin). The former was very common during the early history of this country. It was about thirty inches long, of a pale rufous color, dappled with gray, ears black ou the outside, tail short, with black patch above the end. It was very destructive to lambs, kids, poultry, etc. It has, within the last few years, almost dis- appeared. The lynx was never common in Illinois, though it was occasionally seen thirty years ago, and even later. It is about forty inches long, of a grayish color, streaktd with black ; ears tipped with a bunch of black hairs, and tail very short. It is further distinguished by having one molar less than the true cat, in each side of the upper jaw. The panther {Felia ]}(irdii!^) was also an early inhabitant of this region, although not numerous. The common Raccoon (Procyon lofor) is one of the most familiar wild animals in these parts. It in- habits the timbered regions, generally near some stream or body of water, to which it resorts for food, in the shape of craw-fish, frogs, mussels, etc. It also feeds upon roots, ber- ries, young corn, " roasting-ears," birds, and other small animals. This animal, from the end of its nose to the tip of its tail, i.s about two feet long, and has a pointed muzzle, five toes on each foot, and a ringed tail. It is nocturnal in its habits, and in cold climates passes the winter in a par- tially torpid state. Its fur is valuable. The raccoon be- longs to the family of Procyonid(v, of which it is probably the only representative in this region. The weasel family {3Iuslclida-), belong to the well-known animals, minks, skunks, otters, common weasels, etc , most of which have long, slender bodies, five-toed feet, and glands which secrete a liquid of very disagreeable odor. Otters and minks are hunted for their furs, which are very valuable. The former are amphibious, and are at present rarely seen. The costly fur called ermine is obtained from a weasel which inhabits the northern parts of Europe and Asia. Weasels are brown in summer and white iji winter, the tip of the tail being black. The color of minks is dark-brown, or black, throughout the year. The otter {Lutra canadeims) is black, and is noted for its size and strength. Its toes are webbed; head large and flat; ears short; tail slightly flat- tened, and nails crooked. It is aquatic, and subsists on fish. Minks and weasels prey on birds, poultry and small animals of various kinds. The skunk {Mephitis Aniericauio has a pointed nose, bushy tail, and is nocturnal. It feeds upon beetles and other small animals. It is also fond of eggs. It was very common a few years ago, but like most of the wild animals, is gradually disappearing. Of the opos.sum family {Didelphidida:), the only species here is the common opossum {Didelphys Virginiana). Opossums are small animals, about twenty inches long to the tail,whicli is from twelve to fifteen inches in length, nearly bare, and prehensile. Its hair is whitish with dark-brown tips. When captured and wounded, it feigns itself dead. It is a marsupial, or pouched animal, and carries its young, which at birth weigh only a few grains, in a ventral pouch situated near its hind-legs. On emerging from this pouch, which occurs four or five weeks from birth, the young twine their tails around that of their mother, and thus supported ride on her back. The opossum lives on birds, eggs, insects and other small animals. This animal, like the raccoon, is found in all parts of the United States and throughout most of North America. E0DENTI.4, OR GNAWER.'*. The animals of this order are easily distinguished by their teeth. In the front part of each jaw they have two chisel- shaped incisors, between which and the molars is a consider- able space without teeth, these animals having no canines. The largest representative of the rodents ever known in this country is the American beaver (C'osto?' canadensis). The HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MOXHOE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 61 rats and mice Qlurida) constitute the most numerous family of the rodents. They number, in all, about three hundred species in the world. Their appearance and habits are too well known to require description here. The black rat {Mus rrittu-^) was formerly very common, but of late years it has been almost extirpated by the brown, or Norway rat {Mus deeumaiuts), which is much larger and stronger. Of the mice we note, as found here, the common house- mouse I Mii,i miL-'culm), the field-mouse, the meadow-mouse, the jumping-mouse (Janihis liudsonius of the family Jacu- lidce), — which has a body about three inches long and a tail six inches, — and the tree-mouse. The musk-rat ( Ondatra zibethitiis), allied to the beaver, has but one species. This animal is about the size of a cat, and has a strong, musky smell. It is amphibious, building its mud houses in ponds and shallow lakes. It is a native of North America, and is still quite common. Its fur, like that of the beaver, is valu- able. The fur of the latter i.s used for making the finest hats. The squirrel family (Sciui-ida) is represented here by the red (fox) squirrel (Schirus hitdm>iiti-<}, the gray squirrel {Sciurua Cni-olliiciifi.''}, the flying-squirrel {Pt/romy.i vfilu- cellri), the ground-stjuirrel {Tamla-f !'lri(diis), the gopher (Spermnphihis), the prairie squirrel and the woodchuck or ground-hog ( ArHoiin/n monax), all of which are so common that they need not be described. Of the hare family ( Lrporidtr i, the common gray rabbit {Lep-^ns cuniculus) is the only representative now inhabiting this region. It is very prolific, and is destined to propagate its species long after some of the animals mentioned shall have become extinct. Bats and moles — the former belonging to the order of animals (r/ii'/-()^//^-i/ 1, the latter tu {he order i,Iiiiiictirori) — are still very numerous. Both are carnivorous (iiiisccticn- roK.v), and during hibernation are semi-torpid. CLASS OF AVES, OR CIHDS. In the following list of birds indigenous to these countries the old system of groups, or orders, is used rather than the new classification of birds adopted provisionally by the Smithsonian Institute at Washington. The former, as it contains fewer and less difficult technical terms, will, it is believed, be more readily understood by the general reader. The chief characteristics of all the birds belonging to each order are given first, and appended thereto are the names of such birds of the order as are indigenous to this region. R,\PTORES, OR BIRDS OF PREY. These are generally of large size and stout form; bills hooked and very strong; claws sharp and curved; wings extensive and muscles powerful ; females larger than males ; li%'e in pairs and choose their mates for life (?). Under this order and belonging to the hawk family (Falconidce), are the sparrow-hawk {Tinuuneulus alamlarius); swallow-tailed hawk {Nnur/cru-t furcatiu); hen-harrier (Circus cyaiteui); go8-hawk {Falro palamhariu^) ; sharp skinned hawk, red- tailed hawk {Buieo borealis); red-shouldered hawk, pigeon- hawk {Falco columbarum) ; white-headed ("bald") eagle (_Haliehis leucocephalui) ; ring-tailed, or golden eagle (Aquila chryceeios). To the owl family (Strigidoc) belong the great horned-owl (Bubo Virffininnus); snowy owl (Strtx nisa); barred owl (Syniium nebidomm, or "hoot owl"); American barn or screech-owl (Stn'x flumiiKe); spotted owl, marsh owl, Kenni- cott's (?) owl. Of the Vulture family (^Vtdturidw), the only representa- tive is the turkey-buzzard (Cathartes aura). BASORES, OR .SCRATCHING BIRDS. Binls of this order are characterized by their stout bodies, strong legs and feet, and their general adaptation to living on the ground. It includes the wild-turkey (Mclengris gallopavo), prairie hen ( Tetrao citpldo), ruffled grouse, or " partridge" (Buiiasa umbd/u-i), quail (Ortyx Virylnianus), turtle-dove (Turlur aurilus), wild or passenger pigeon (Edo- pides mit/raloria). ORAI.I.ATORS, OR \VAlJr.V(i BIRDS. They have long necks, long billi, very long and slender legs, and slender bodies. Their general form is well adai)ted to wading. This order includes the plover { Cliaradrlu><'^, common snipe {Sruhpax (/allina'ju), American woodcock (Philohela minor), Wilson's snipe (Gallinaf/o Wihoiiii), mud-hen (Fulira Atncrii'dna), kill-dee (Aer/laliirs voriferiis), red-breasted snipe (Gambeita mdanoleuca), tell-tale snipe (Gamhdta fliivipes), water-rail (Rallus aqiiaticus), aand-hill crane t Grus Caitad/n.ti.f), blue crane ( Gru.i Aiueriraiiun), yellow-legged and upland plover, white crane (Grus albug), and heron (Ardea cinerca). NATATORES, OR SWIMMINll BIRDS. They are broad and flat; feathers compact and well oiled ; legs wide apart, femur short, and feet webbed. Under this order are found the common viWdgooie i Anser Ameriraini-<), summer or wood duck (Aix sponsa), Canada goose (Bermi- cala Canadeims), American swan (Cyynus Ainericanus), brand goose, or "brant" (An.ser Bernida), butter-ball (Bn- cephala albeoki), mallard (Anas Bosdia.^), blue-winged teal (Boschas crerca), American widgeon (Mareca Amerirana), red-head duck (Aylhaya Americ(tna), canvass-back duck it) (Aythaya vallisneria), green-winged teal (Nellion Carolinen- sii), pin-tail duck (Dafiln anifa), trumpeter swan ( Cyr/nim buccinator). lNSEssor.i-:s, or rERciiiNt; birds. The perchers dift'er greatly among themselves; all have three front-toes and a single hind one; feet well adapted to perching. To this order belong the majoritv of birds, of which we note, as belonging here, the wood-thruth ( Timlus mudelinus), mocking-bird iMitims po/yghttu-s), blue-bird (Slnlis Wilsonii), cat-bird (Mimiis Carolinem^i'i, robin (Turdiis migralorlus), brown thrush, or "thrasher" (Turdu.-< rufas), titmouse, or chickadee (Pnrui alrlrapit/u«) brown creeper (Certhia familiaris. nuthatch iSiltn Caroliiicnii.'<), winter wren (Troglodytes Ityemalis), cedar bird (Aiiipjdi^ cedrorum), rose-breasted gosbeak (Guiraca /udnviclwia), chewink (Pipilo erytliroplifhalmw<), meadow-lark (Sturnd/a magna), blue jay (cyanura rridata), wren (Troglodytes do- 62 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS me«t, and fastened him to the floor. He instinctively seized the spear to pull it out, when the Indians pierced his hand with other spears, thus nailing him to the floor, and reuderiiig him use- less. Curry was a man of extraordinary bravery, and cool and prepared in any emergency. Fearful that Teel would open the door and let in the enem}-, he sprang up into the loft, and through a small hole in the roof thrust out his gun and fired at the Indians. Three shots, fired in rapid succes- sion, killed as many warriors. Descending to the lower floor he found Teel transfixed by his hands and feet in the manner described. Going back again to the loft, he tum- bled the whole roof, weight poles and all, down on the In- dians, who had huddled clo^e to the side of the house to avoid his shots. The roofs in those days were put en with- out nails, but had weight poles to hold them fast. Sometimes large round timbers were laid on the tups of the houses on purpose to roll off' on assailants below. The roof falling, killed the chief, and disabled some others of the Indians, and as day was breaking, the rest of the band ran off, leav- ing Curry the victor He took both guns, and walked along by the side of Teel, who was almost exhausted by loss of blood, toward Kaskaskia. Teel gave out before reaching the village, when Curry hastened on for help, and at last succeeded in getting him to the town where he recovered from his wounds. Curry was a large, strong and active man, fearless of danger, at the same time bold and discreet, and while serv- ing under Clark was cliosen among the first to accomplish any especially desperate and hazardous service. While out hunting with Joseph Anderson, it is supposed that he was killed by the Indians. He left their camp one morning, and did not return, nor was ever heard of afterward Jo- seph Anderson settled on Nine Mile creek, and lived tbere till his death. His improvement right of four hundred acres, (claim 308) lies on both sides of the creek, just above Little Nine Mile, and connects with that of Pag.in. John Dodge and Jlinard Asturgus improved land on the hills opposite Kaskaskia The donations of land which they received, four hundred acres each, claims 996 and 1001, extend within a mile of the village, and within half a mile of Fort Gage. Djdge had been one of Clark's soldiers. Settlements were also made in the year 1780 by John Hilterbrand, Henry and Elijah Smith, David Hix, and Haydon Wells, on the east side of the Ka.skaskia river, above the mouth of Nine Mile creek. Some of these had served with Clark. Elijah Smith settled on the Kaskaskia, where Cox's ferry now is Claim 1044, c ivering the customary four hundred acres of land, was given to his heirs in right of his having made this improvement This is the farthest grant of land that was mr.ie up the Kaskaskia, and for a long while Smith's little farm was the limit of the settlement. Hix's improvement was on claim 1992, immediately south of Smith. Thomas Hughs came from the western part of Pennsylvania in the year 1783. During that year he built a cabin, and placed some land under cultivation, on Nine Mile creek. Claim 319, comprising four hundred acres of land, granted to his heirs, covers this improvement. The next year he went back to Pennsylvania for his family. Coming down the Ohio river near Fort M issacre, the boat was attacked by the Indians, and Hughs and an iufant child in the arms of its mother were killed. The child was shot through the head, and its brains were spattered over the mother's breast. The mother was wounded severely in the shoulder. Some friends were accompanying the family to Illinois, and of these two were killed. The rest of the party escaped and returned without attempting to continue their journey. Indian hostilities broke up the settlements east of Kaskas- kia, and interfered with the immigration to Illinois. The American pioneers found refuge in Kaskaskia. Israel Dodge, Ichabod and George Camp, John C )ok, Jacob Judy, William Musick, James Piggott, and Robert Seybold had all become residents of the village before 1783. Israel Dodge was the father of Henry Dodge, afterward United States Senator from Wisconsin. In 1790 ho removed across the river to Upper Louisiana. James Piggott settled at Pig- gott's fort in the present county of Monroe. He had served in the war under Clark, as had also Seybold. Jacob Judy built Judy's mill in Monroe county. The Indiau troubles lasted till about the year 179.5. Ic 1796 and 1797 several families re- established themselves east of Kaskaskia river, and remained there permanently . Ichabod and George Camp made improvements west of the Kaskaskia river, and Camp creek bears their name. They afterward removed to St. Louis, and lived at Camp Spring, then west of the city, now include! within its limits. Mrs. Hughs, whose husband, Thomas Hughs, was killed by the Indians on the Ohio, as has been narrated, afterward married James Pillars. In the year 1795 the family, con- sisting of Mr. and Mrs. Pillars, two sons, John and Richard Pillars, and James Hughs, the surviving son of Thomas Hughs, came to Illinois. They settled on the farm east of the Kaskaskia, long known as the "old Hughs place." Pil- lars lived here several years, and was a quiet and industrious citizen. James Hughs returned to Kentucky, there married , and came again to Illinois in the year 1800. He was a man of great energy and sound judgment. He was in the United States ranging service during the war of 1812-14. John Reynolds, then a boy. afterward Governor of the State, re- sided in the same neighborhood from 1800 to 1807. He says: "Before any common school was established in the neighborhood where my father resided, I mounted a horse nearly every evening during a winter, and rode about a mile and a half to the residence of James Hughs, to study under his guidance the arithmetic. Mr. Hughs, although he was raised in the backwoods, and was filled with fun and frolic, was a man of strong mind and benevolent heart. He took great pleasure in teaching me the arithmetic, and during this winter I studied the most important principles contained in the treatise." Stace McDonough, in the year 1797, settled on the old place which John Montgomery first improved, in claim 1993, a couple of miles northeast of Ellis's Grove. He had 66 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. experienced many adventures in his campaigns against the Indians, and became a leader in the frontier community. He was born, of Scotch ancestry, in New Jersey, in the year 1770. His parents dying when he was an infant, he was bound out, but he and his master not getting along well together, he ran away, and coming West, found his way to Kentucky. He took part with the Kentucky troops in their expeditions against the Indians north of the Ohio, and in Col. Clark's campaign in the year 1786, though then only sixteen years of age, distinguished himself by his brilliant services He was strong, athletic, and courageous, and a faithful and ardent soldier. He was an excellent marksman, and frequently acted as a spy. He entered into the service of the United States government in 1790, and in Gen. Har- mer's campaign of that year was given the command of a train of pack horses. The next year he served under Gen- eral St. Clair, and was placed in charge of the convoys of provisions for the army. He was in the disastrous defeat of St. Clair on the fourth of November, 1791, escaping on foot from the field of battle, and saving the life of an officer whom he found wounded and exhausted on the ground, and whom he assisted into camp. He commanded one of the govern- ment boats on the Ohio in 1793. He was an excellent pilot, and thoroughly understood the navigation of the river. Near the mouth of the Kentucky river, an Indian standing on the shore shot him in the shoulder. A white man with the Indians, called out in English, "to throw that man over- board, he will die in a short time." He never recovered fully from the wound, but was well enough to take part in Wayne's campaign against the Indians a year or two later. He left the service at the close of the war in 179.5, and married in Louisville, Kentucky. After coming to Illinois he improved a fine farm. He was extremely fond of the rifle, and spent a good deal of his time in hunting. In the war of 1812-14 he was captain of a ranging company, and did good service in protecting the frontiers from Indian depredations. ' He was also, during this war, contractor for carrying the mails from St. Louis to Shawneetown. This mail route was then very important, on account of its being the only one by which correspondence was kept up between Illinois and Washington. The country between the Kaskas- kia and the Ohio rivers was a wilderness, and the Indians hostile, but he carried the mails with punctuality. Like many of the early pioneers he had strong natural abilities, but no education. He was honorable and upright in his re- lations with his neighbors. He died on the farm on which he settled on coming to the county, after having lived on it nearly fifty years. Toward the close of the Indian wars the fettleraents in Illinois began to extend. The New Design settlement, in the present county of Monroe, was at that period by far the largest American colony in Illinois, and soon after 1795, it began to extend southward into Randolph county. In the year last mentioned the town of Washington was laid off on the west bank of the Kaskaskia river, not far south of the northern boundary of the county. Its site was the high bluff of the river, overlooking to the west the Horse prairie. Johnson J. Whiteside was one of its projectors. The Whitesides had emigrated from Kentucky to the New Design settlement in 1793. Washington came to be known as Horse Prairie town. Its inhabitants cultivated large fields of grain, and raised stock. Among the residents, of this place were William Going and his son, who bore the same name. They had come from Kentucky in 1794, and erected a station a short distance south- west of the present town of Waterloo. Both were blacksmiths. The old gentleman was a quiet and orderly citizen, except when excited with taffia. At courts and other gatherings he had bells to sell, and often put a cord through the staples of a dozen bells of all sizes and then tied them around his waist. His head was adorned with a fox-skin cap, the tail suspended behind, and his other dress was of the same backwoods character. Thus equipped, he danced in the crowd, making of course, a terrific noise. He was not a large man, but strong and active. He compelled Judge Simms, one of the United States judges for the North- western territory, while he was holding court at Cahokia, to undergo this bell-dance at which his honor grew very im- patient. He was noted for performing other wild freaks. He died at the Horse Prairie town, and was buried in the old graveyard north of the town. William Going, the son, was a man of different qualities- He had received but a limited education and could hardly read and write, but possessed strong natural abilities which, had he made use of them, might have fitted him for almost any position. He was brave and courageous, and impressed his associates as a man of decision and firmness. His im- pulses were naturally on the side of honesty and integrity, but bad associations, and evil habits, gradually grew on him, and often the public was forced to think strange of his con- duct. At horse races, shooting matches, and at the card table, bis was the governing spirit. Besides being a black- smith, he was a good gunsmith. He had no taste for steady and hard labor. He worked in his shop when it pleased him, and with the object of only earning enough to support himself and family. For wealth he cared nothing. He had steady nerves and excellent eyesight, and none excelled him in repairing, or shooting, a gun. Reynolds relates that he at one time, at ninety yards, with a rest, put four rifie balls into the same hole, near the centre of the target. The fifth ball also touched the hole. From the Horse Prairie town he moved to a place on the Kaskaskia river, in St. Clair county, below the present town of Fayette, and from there to Arkansas, where he died in 1830. John Pulliam, from 1799 to 1802, was a resident of the Horse Prairie town. He was born in Botetourt county, Virginia ; after the Revolutionary war he removed to Ken- tucky, and in 1796 came to the New Design settlement. In 1797 he removed to the neighborhood of Florissant, west of St. Louis, and returned to Illinois two years later to settle in Horse Prairie town, near which he cultivated a farm. In 1802 he began improving a farm on Prairie du Long creek, near the mouth of Richland creek, in what is now Monroe county. He died on the Kaskaskia river, near the present town of Fayette, in 1813. He was a man of sound mind, and considerable energy and activity. From him sprang HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 67 oue of the most numerous piimeer faniiliea in Illinois. Johu Grosvenor, a stuue masou and farmer, and a native of Connecticut, lived iu the Hjr^e Prairie town for some years after 1793. He had a large farm adjoining the town which he cultivated with more industry than wa^ usually displayed in those days, raising considerable amouuts of produce As the country in the Horse Prairie improved, the village declined, and soon became extinct. Among the pioneer settlers on I£orse creek was Henry Levens. He emigrated from the western part of Pennsyl- vania. He was a large, stout mau, a stranger to fear, and well calculated to brave the dangers and difficultiesof a new settlement. He was without much education, but possessed decisive and energetic qualities of mind which made him a conspicuous personage among the early pioneers. He came to Illinois iu 1797. Coming down the Ohio river, he landed at Fort Massacre with two wagons and teams, one of which was an ox team. In one of the wagons he placed a large skiff to be used as a wagon body on land and a ferry boat in crossing the large creeks encount-red on the journey. The party was twenty five days in coming from the Ohio to Kaskaskia. He settled on Horse creek, about two miles above its mouth, and three miles north of the present town of Evansville. He here obtained a donation of four hun- dred acres of land (claim 2607) by reason of his improve- ment. In the year 1800 he built a saw and grist mill on Horse creek, near his residence, which he carried on with much energy and industry, and with great advantage to the other settlers. At the time this was built it was the only saw mill in the country. The lumber for nearly all the flat boats built in early times in Illinois, was .sawed at this mill. Levens was a man of great hospitality, and his house was the usual place at which dancing and convivial parties as- sembled. He raised a large family, and both his sons and daughters were inclined to gayety and sociability, and indulged freely in the pleasures of the ball-room, and other amusements of a similar character. The most of his sons^ and some of the daughters, played on the violin. The family was the centre of attraction, and many happy days, and particularly nights, of innocent amusement and recrea- tion were enjoyed in pioneer times at Levens' hospitable dwelling on Horse creek. The sons were active, resolute men, excellent hunte^s and marksmen, and frequently carried off the prizes at the shooting matches which formed a common amusement for the neighborhood. They also delighted in foot racing, wrestling, and jumping, and an early chronicler remarks that they " were not bashful in a fight, in which they indulged at times to the great discom- fiture of their adversaries." The gun, race-horse, and violin were articles of greatest admiration in the family. Although fond of amusement, the Levens' family became more wealthy than the most of their neighbors. Their stock was raised, winter and summer, without much labor, and the mill and farm yielded considerable income. The peltries, resulting from the hunting expeditious of the sons, added something. At one time the family consisted of four, or five grown unmarried sons and two daughters. The progress of the settlements at last crowded the old man too much, and in 1818 he sold out his possessions on Horse creek, and moved to the frontiers of Missouri where he died at an advanced age. The Horse prairie, lying between the K;nkaskia river and Horse creek, obtained its name, as did also the creek, from the fact that herds of wild horses were f lund in the prairie, aud along the creek, iu early times. These horses had escaped from the French villages. In the upper end of the prairie, at the close of the list century, a settlement, composed of Samuel aud Winder Kinney, Chance Ratcliff, Robert McMalian, Jarrot Brickey, the Gibbons, Teter, and some other families, was formed in the upper end of the prairie. In a few years the most of the families moved away. McMahan was born in Virginia, removed to Ken- tucky, and in 1793 came to the New Design settlement. In 1795, in the present Monroe county, three miles northeast of New Design station, his wife and four children were killed by the Indians. Oa coming to the Horse prairie, he settled on Ralls' ridge where now runs the road from Red Bud to the Kaskaskia. He was justice of the peace, and oue of the judges of the old court of common pleas. He removed to St. Clair county near Lsbanon, and then to the neighborhood of Troy, in Madison county, where he died in the year 1822. Jarrot Brickey was a native of Virginia^ and came to Illinois from Kentucky. He lived in the Horse prairie for nearly half a century. He was iu the ranging service during ths war of 1612-14, as was also his son, Preston B. Brickey, whose farm was half a mile north of the present town of Red Bud. Kaskaskia by this time had become the residence of seve- ral Americans. John E Igar, who came to the village iu 1784, had assumed a prominent position iu the community. William Morrison reached the place in 1790, and began an extensive mercantile business. The earliest practicing law- yer in Illinois, John Rice Jones, had settled in the town the last named year, and in 1798 Dr. George Fisher began the practice of medicine. THE AMERICAN POPULATION IN 1800. According to the estimate of Reynolds, the American population in Illinois in the year 1800 amounted to eight hundred souls. The New Design and American Bottom settlements, in the present county of Monroe, contained six hundred inhabitants, and there were other scattering settle- ments in that county. Only about one hundred Americans lived in Randolph county. Of these, six or eight families lived in Kaskaskia. The settlement east of the Kaskaskia River contained seven families, and the Horse Prairie colony was still less in number. SUBSEQUENT SETTLEMENTS. On the openingof the present century the arrivals became more numerous, and the number of American inhabitants of the county rapidly increased. The immigrants were mostly from the western and southern states, and the Ohio river was the main channel by which the pioneers reached the country. Fort Massacre was a usual point for leaving the Ohio and beginning the journey overland. In very early times the I French had opened a road from Fort Massacre to Kaskai>- 6** HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. kia, marking the miles on the trees. The figures were cut in with an iron instrument and painted red. This road made a great curve to the north to avoid the swamps and rough country on the sources -of Cache river, and to take advantage of the prairie as much as possible. A road also ran from Fort Massacre to Cape Girardeau, then in the Spanish country. There were two celebrated crossing places on the Ohio, Lusk's Ferry and Miles' Ferry. The former was opposite the present town of Golconda, and the latter six or seven miles farther up the river. From Lusk's and Miles' ferries a road had been established to Kaskatkia. This road was first opened by Nathaniel Hull, one of the pioneers of Monroe county. Roads were afterwards cut leading from Shawneetown to Vincennes and Kaskaskia. The scanty American population of the county received a notable addition in 1800 in the family of Robert Reynolds. His son, John Reynolds, then a boy of twelve, afterward became governor of the state. Robert Reynolds was born in Ireland, and emigrated to the United States in 1785. In Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, John Reynolds was born in 1788. The family in the fall of that year removed to East Tennessee. In February, 1800, with eight horses and two wagons, the family left Tennes-ee for the Spanish country west of the Mississippi. Upper Louisiana, now Missouri, was then popularly known as the Spanish country. The Spanish authorities encouraged by liberal land grants the immigration of Americans. Several members of the Murphy family had gone from the Reynolds neighborhood in East Tennessee, and had settled on the St. Francois river, southwest of St. Geuevievs, and Robert Reynolds had de- cided to settle there. The Ohio was crossed at Lusk's ferry, and they first set foot on Illinois soil where now stands the town of Golconda, in Pope county. The west side of the Ohio was then called the Inilian country. Governor Rey- nolds relates that he asked Mr. Lusk how far it was to the ne.\t town, and that the proprietor of the ferry laughed and said, "One hundred and ten miles to Kaskaskia, the first settlement on the route." Big Muddy river was found to be full and swimming, and after wailing on the banks two weeks for the stream to fall, a raft was constructed, with two days' labor, and the family and their efi'ects were ferried over. Four creeks were rafted between the Ohio and Kas- kaskia, and the journey required four weeks. Governor Reynolds has recorded his impressions as he reached the bluff's east of Kaskaskia, and surveyed the prospect. It was spring, and the landscape was clothed in beauty. The prairie between the Kaskaskia and Mississippi rivers was covered with grazing horses and cattle. The Mississippi itself could be seen through the forest of cottonwood trees skirting its shores, and the ancient village of Kaskaskia presented its singular and antique construction to his sight The ancient cathedral stood a venerable edifice in the heart of the village, with its lofty steeple and large bell — the first church bell he had ever seen. Around the village were numerous camps and lodges of the Kaskaskia Indians, who still retained much of their original savage inde- pendence. Many of the young warriors decorated themselves with paints, and tied feathers in their hair, and sometimes at- tached to their heads the horns of animals. After securing some provisions, and provender for the horses from General Edgar's mill, near which they had en- camped, preparations were made to cross the Mississippi, when R )bert Morrison, John Rice Jones, Pierre Menard and John Edgar came up, and proposed that, instead of going to the Spanish country, the Jleynolds family should remain for a time at Kaskaskia, and look around for a per- manent residence in the vicinity. After spending some time in the exploration of the eastern side of the Mississippi, Robert Reynolds re-affirmed his decision to settle west of the river, and applied to the Spanish commandant at St. Gene- vieve for a permit, but found that a pledge was required that he should raise his children in the faith of the Roman Catholic church. To this he refused to agree, and he re- mained in Illinois. The family lived in Kaskaskia some months, raised a crop of corn in the common field, and then settled east of Kaskaskia. Governor Reynolds says: "Our residence was within about two miles and a half of Kaskas- kia, and we made mathematically the seventh family of the colony. We made our habitation east of the Kaskaskia river, in the forest amongst the high grass, and the wolves and wild animals were howling and prowling about us all night. About the year 1805, a small school was formed in the settlement where my father resided I was a scholar at this humble institution during part of the winters and the wet days we could not work on the farm, for one or two years, while we remained in the settlement. There were some books scattered about the country, but they were not plenty. Al- though my father was a reading man, and possessed a s-trong mind, yet, as far as I recollect, he brought to the country with him no books i xcept the Bible. John Fulton, who .settled in the vicinity, brought with him Rollin's Ancient History. My father borrowed it, and I read it day and night at the times I spared from labor." In 1803, Robert Reynolds, with Pierre Menard and Robert Morrison, repre- sented Randolph county in the Legislature of the Indiana territory. In 1807, he moved to the Goshen settlement, four miles southwest of Edwardsville. In 1801 John Braird and family settled four miles north- east of Kaskaskia He was born in Virginia and raised in the country adjoining the New river. He emigrated from Virginia to Tennessee in the year 1787, and there married a relative of Robert Reynolds. He is described as a brave, energetic, decisive man, and while living in Knox county, Tennessee, was always elected captain of the companies raised to pursue the Indians when any depredation was com- mitted, which was not unfrequent. In April, 1793, he led one hundred and twenty five men from Knoxville to Nash- ville, and killed a few Creek Indians. The next mouth, in command of fifty men, he pursued a band of Indians who had killed two citizens near Clinch river. In defiance of the orders of the United States government he crossed the Tennessee into the Cherokee country, and there killed several of the savages The government ordered him to be tried by court martial, but the people of Tennessee sustained him in his course. On the formation of the state government of HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 69 Tennessee he was elected to the legislature from Knox county. He died in Illinois in 1>*09. One of his sons, Joseph A. Beaird, became a prominent citizen of Monroe county, which he represented in the state senate for several terms. Another, William A Beaird, was sheriff of St. Clair county from 1818 to 1830. Among the additions to the settlement cast of Kaska-skia in 1801 WHS Jo^pph Heard, who first settled on Garrison hill, and theu improved a farm on Gravel creek, two miles and a half north of Chester, in later years the property '>f Joseph B. Holmes. His son, Hugh Heard, settled two miles north of his fatiier, in the neighborhood of Diamond Cross, and the farm on which he lived was long known as the " Old Heard farm." After living on this farm many years Hugh Heard removed to Wisconsin. James Heard, a brother to Hugh, located still farther north, and made a farm on which he lived to old age. Joseph, William and James, were sons of the latter. With Joseph Heard came George Franklin who improved a farm in section twenty- two, of township six, range seven, and afterward removed to the neighborhood of the present town of Pinckneyville in Perry county. In the year 180i the arrivals became more frequent and the settlements began to expand over wider territory. John Fulton, the same who as Governor Reynolds relates, brought with him to Illinois RoUin's Ancient History, came from Tennessee, and settled east of Kaskaskia, in the vicinity of Robert Reynolds. He made a valuable addition to the com- munity, and was active and foremost in promoting the pub lie welfare. His sons, Thomas, David and Cyrus, lived afterward in the same neighborhood. The two former died these, and the last removed to Marion county- William Roberts came from Lexington, Kentucky, also in 18'i2, and settled east of the Kaskaskia river, in the neighborhood of Ellis Grove, where he improved a farm. He was a man of enterprise and shrewdness, and traded down the river, be- coming well known al'>ng the banks of the Mississippi between Kaskaskia and New Orleans. He died in 1822. His son, Thomas Roberts, was nearly of age at the time of the settle- ment of the family in the county. He settled on a farm near his father. For many years he acted as justice of the peace. He was a member of the cmas and David. The Andersons settled in section five, of township live south, range seven. They came from the Abbeville district, South Carolina, where their ancestors had settled previous to the war of the Revolution. Adam Hill settled northeast of Evansville. John, William, Adam, Robert and Samuel Hill were his sons. At the close of the year 1804 another important colony r ached the Irish settlement, among which were Absalom Cox, Archibald Thompson, James Thompson, Robert Mc- Donald, and William McBride. This colony also came from the Abbeville district in Sjuth Carolina. Absalom Cox settled on the Kaskaskia on the old claim granted to Elijah Smith for his improvement there made. He established Cox's ferry across the river at that point within a few years after his arrival. When he located here it was the highest settlement of the Kaskaskia He was elected captain of a militia company, and was in the ranging service during the war of 1812-14. He died on his farm in the year 1844. John, William, Thomas, and Absalom "were his sons. Archi- bald Thompson was a man of excellent character. In 1812 he moved to a farm two miles south of the present town of Evansville where he died at an advanced age in 18.33 He was one of the judges of the common pleas c >urt which ex- isted in territorial days. Robert, William, Moses, Archi- bald, John and James Thompson were his sons. He was elected a member of the State legislature in 1834, and died while filling that position. James Thompson settled on a farm on coming to Illinois in 1804. He served as a ranger during the Indian troubles. Robert and Archibald were his sons. William McBride proved a valuable member of the community. He was born in the north of Ireland, and was advanced in years when he came from South Carolina to Illinois. He died in 1818. He had three sons, Thomas, John and William. William, the youngest, was captain of a militia company in 1813, and county commissioner in 1844. He was the father of John T. McBride. Robert McDonald settled near the Kaskaskia, a short distance below Cox, and there died. None of his descendants now remain in the county John Lacy, in the year 1804, reached the county from South Carolina, and improved a farm about seven miles northeast of Chester. He lived here some years, and died. His widow married Major Adair, and the farm on which Lacy settled became afterward known as the " Major Adair place." Samuel Cochran, in 1804, settled'three miles north of Chester, and improved what was afterward known as the Haskin farm. His location was at some distance from the other settlenienis, and, though sociable and fond of com- panionship, he was here obliged to lead a secluded life. He was influential and popular, and among the public positions which he held was that of judge of the common pleas court. He held this office previous to 1809, while Illinois was yet a part of the Indian territory. He died in Jackson county, in 1824. His sons were John, William. George, Alexander and Elisha, and all were noted for their skill as hunters. William lived and died on the farm one mile northwest of Chester included in claim 292. George, Alexander and Elisha became citizens of Jackson county. Near the present town of Rockwood, a man by the name of Emsley Jones, settled about the year 1804. In a quarrel with a man named Reed, living in the same neighborhood in the Miss- issippi bottom, he killed Reed. For this murder he was hung iu the commons, south of Kaskaskia. His execution was witnessed by a great concourse of people. This was the .second hanging to take place iu the county In the year 1802, about fifteen miles east of Kaskaskia, near Mary's river, a young man going back from Kaskaskia to the east, was shot by an Indian. The murderer was a straggling Delaware from west of the Mississippi. With the murdered man's saddle and some other articles he escaped towards the mouth of the Big Muddy river. The Kaskaskia Indians were employed to search for the murderer whom they found and brought to Kaskaskia. Certain articles belonging to the murdered man, found in the possession of the Indian, formed the evi lence on which he was convicted. He was hung late in the fall of 1802, by Dr. George Fisher, then sheriff, on a honey locust tree, on the bank of the Kaskaskia river, a mile or so above the village of Kaskaskia. These two executions were the only ones in Illinois till 1821, when one took place at Belleville. In the year 1805, Alexander Barber reached the county from Ohio. He settled east of the Kaskas'ua river and west of Ellis Grove, where he lived twenty years, and then moved to a farm two miles north of Rockwood. He was a man of strong natural mental abilities, clear judgment and robust constitution. The«e qualifications gave him a lead- ing place among pioneers, and his opinion and judgment were much relied on. He had mechanical genius, and as the settlement increased engaged in building mills, and thus was of much use to the people of the county. The name of Barber, to the early residents of the county, always sug- gested a mill. He filled the office of justice of the peace without interruption for more than forty years, and his official acts in this position are unusually equitable and sat- isfactory. Alexander Clark iu 1805 settled three miles HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY VOVNTIES, ILLINOIS. 71 south of the present town of Evansville. The Abbeville district, South Carolina, made another contribution to the settlement of the county this year in the Lively family. Joseph Lively settled the Seymour farm iu section twenty- eight, of township six, range seven, three miles northeast of Kaskaskia. In 1823 he removed to the lower end of the Opossumden prairie. He died in 1823, leaving six fons, Amos, Shadrach, Enoch, Kichard, James and Reuben. John Lively settled on the prairie northwest of the Irish settlement, which thenceforth was known by the name of Lively prairie. He died in the year 1.H26. Reuben, James, Turner, William and Hugh were his sons. Another branch of the Lively family settled in what is now Washington county, where in 1813, the wife and all the children, but two, of William Lively were killed by the Indians. Among the arrivals in 1806 were George Wilson and Samuel Crozier from the Abbeville district, South Carolina. The former settled near the fork of Plum creek, and from there removed to the mouth of Doza creek. When the war of 1812-14 began, he, with his neighbors, built a fort which stood about a mile from the < ast bank of the Kaskaskia, not far from the line between townships 4 and 5. He took an active part as a ranger in that war, and after its conclusion settled in the old fort, improving a farm in the neighborhood. In 1828 he moved to the Heacock prairie, where he died in 18.57. His sons were John, George, William, James and Andrew. Samuel Crozier improved a farm on Nine Mile creek, three miles so\ith of the present town of Evansville. He was affable and benevolent, and possessed unusually strong mental qualities. He was elected a member of the .state senate in 1.^22, and served till 1824. John, James, Andrew, Archibald, and Samuel, were his sons. John set- tled on the site of Red Bud in 1824, and his son, Samuel Crozier, was one of the founders of that town. The year 1807 witnessed the arrival of John Campbell, who settled near the mouth of Xine Mile Creek ; of the Tag- garts who settled in the part of the county north of Chester where their descendants still live; of John Steele, the pio- neer of the Steeleville neighborhood, and of John Mausker, who moved across the river from Missouri and located on the island in the Mississippi opposite Rockwood. John Campbell was from the Abbeville district. South Carolina. From his first location near the mouth of Nine Mile creek, he removed to a place four miles east of where Evansville now is, where he ditd in 1827. He was unassuming, quiet and respecttd. John, Samuel, Archibald and James Camp- bell, his sons, settled near their father. John and Daniel Taggart were also South Carolinians. The former for some years remained in the neighborhood of Kaskaskia. He was in the ranging service, and after the conclusion of the war settled on the farm, nine miles north of Chester, on which he afterward lived many years. Amos Taggart was his son. Daniel Taggart also performed service as a ranger, and settled on a farm near his brother. His sons were John, William, Amos and Daniel. John Steele was a captain in the Virginia force during the Revolutionary war. After the colonies had gained their independence he became one of the pioneer settlers of Tennessee, living for a time near Knoxville, and then in the neighborhood of Nashville. He had the qualities requisite for a pioneer hfe^self-reliance and courage — and selecting a location beyond the limits of the settlements, made the first improvement iu the neighbor- hood of the present town of Steeleville. His sons were George, Archibald, James, John and Thomas. George Steele was the founder of Georgetown, or Steeleville, as the place came to be called. He settled on the site of the town in 1810, and iu 1812 a fort was erected here for protection against the Indians. All the five brothers were in the ranging service during the war. John Mausker was one of the pio- neers of Kentucky and Tennessee. At St. Clair's defeat by the Indians he received seven different wounds, but eflected a miraculous escape from the field of carnage. In 1804 he settled in Ste. Genevieve county, Mi.s.souri, three years later located on the island opposite Rockwood, and in 1812 on the river above Rockwood. His .son, Samuel Mausker, has since lived in the .same vicinity, and is now one of the oldest citizens of the county. The number of new settlers in 1808 were quite numerous. Jacob Bowerman, a man of great decision of character, set- tled three miles south of Steeleville, and afterward west of that town. He was remarkably ingenious, and could work at almost any trade, even making good guns, without pre- vious instruction. As a marksman with the rifle he had uo superior. He had lour sons, Jonathan, Jesse, Michael and Wdliam. Robert Foster and John Anderson this year made the journey from the Abbeville district, South Caro- lina, on horseback. Anderson was a brother of Colonel David Anderson, near whom he ^ettled. For many years he was a justice of the peace. Foster first settled near the Kaskaskia, to the west of Ellis Grove, and then on Plum creek, where he erected a horse mill and steam distillery. These conveniences caused the influx of other settlers to the neighborhood, ami Foster's mill became a place of frequent resort. Musters and other public gatherings were held here. He died in 1831. Samuel, John, James, William and David were his sons. James was one of the founders of Sparta. A man named Henderson also arrived from South Carolina in 1808, and settled on the Kaskaskia river, oppo- site Evansville. The immediate neighborhood of the present city of Chester received its first settler this year in the per- son of John Clendinen who came from (ireen county, Ken- tucky. He improved the farm, afterward known as the Porter place. He had been a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and the story is told that once, while guarding some prisoners, a lady came and besought permission to see her brother, one of the captured men. His gallantry did not permit hira to refuse, and confiding in her integrity, he loaned her his uniform in order that she might eflt-ct her object. The lady made the visit in safety, and was grateful for his kiudness. He was an honorable, industrious citizen. His descendants reside in the southern jiart of the county. His sons were James, Henry, John and Harvey. James Clendinen setthd about half a mile west of Diamond Cross in 1808, from which place in 1837 he removed to the neigh- borhood of Rockwood. Harvey Clendinen was county commissioner from 1838 to 1844. Andrew Mct'ormack and 72 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. John Miller located in the Bilderback settlement, north of Kaskaskia and east of the Kaskaskia river, in 1808. Richard Robbison came to this part of the county the same year, and afterward removed to the vicinity of the present town of Steeleville. He had a large family of sons from whom sprang a numerous posterity. Augustus Davis, who came to Kaskaskia in 1808, became subsequently a member of the Steele settlement. James White, a South Carolinian, settled in 1808 on the hills west of Steeleville, half a mile north of where the road leading from Steeleville to Chester crosses Mary's river. This year William Barnet came from Ken- tucky and joined the Irish settlement. He died in 1818. John, his oldest son, lived for many years on the place his father settled, William, the second son, while returning home from a campaign against the Indians in 1813 was drowned while crossing Plum creek, within a distance of two miles from his father's house. Kaskaskia in the first decade of the present century received a large increase of American population. Michael Jones came to the town in 1804 as register of the land office. His address was plea.sing and plausible, hia education good, and he was well qualified for business, though his tempera- ment was said to be excitable and irritable With E. Backus, receiver at the land office, he acted as commissioner to adjust land claims in the Kaskaskia district. The Rector family came to Kaskaskia in 1806, and were connected with the surveys of the public lands. There were nine brothers and four sisters, all born in Fauquier county, Virginia. Reynolds speaks of them as singular and peculiar in their traits of character; ardent, excitable and enthusiastic in disposition ; possessing integrity and honesty of purpose in the highest degree ; impulsive and ungovernable when their passions were aroused; true and devoted friendi, but impul- sive and energetic enemies; and the most fearless and un- daunted people he ever knew, dangers, perils and death appearing to them, when excited, as only amusements. William Rector, the oldest brother, was colonel of a regiment in the campaign against the Indians in 1812. In 1816 he was appointed surveyor-general for Illinois, Missouri and Arkansas. Stephen Rector was a lieutenant in the ranging service in the war of 1812-14. Nelson Rector was captain of an expedition up the Mississippi in 1814, and had an engagement with the British and Indians at Rock Island. Dressed richly in a splendid military uniform, with a large red feather in his hat, he led his company from the boat, disregarding the fire of the Indians, especially directed to him, as though their rifles were but pop guns Thomas Rector fought a duel with Joshua Barton, a prominent citi- zen of Missouri, on Bloody Island, opposite St. Louis. The establishment of the territorial goverument in 1809 brought to Kaskaskia many distinguished residents, among whom were Gov. Ninian Edwards, Nathaniel Pope, Benjamin Stephenson, Judge Jesse B. Thomas, Judge Alexandet Stu- art, John J. Crittenden, and his brother, Thomas P. Crit- tenden, William C. Greenup and Matthew Duncan, who established, in the fall of 1809, the first newspaper in Illinois. The winter of 1809-10 witnessed more gayely, carousal and amusement at Kaskaskia than the town has ever since known. Governor Edwards and other territorial officers, soon after their arrival, organized a colony of their own, and located in the prairie in the bottom below Prairie du Rocher. Edwards, Thomas, Stuart, Stephenson and some of the Rec- tors resided here. In 1809 John Beattie came to the Irish settlement. He was a native of the Abbeville district. South Carolina. He was quiet and retired in disposition, but with much force and decision of character. John, Andrew and Charles Beattie were his sons. The settlement in the Horse prairie began to increase in 1809. That year witnessed the arrival of Chesley Allen, Rawleigh Ralls and Edward Faherty. Allen was a Virginian. His sons, James, John, Albert, William and Miner Allen became respected citizens of that part of the county. Rawleigh Ralls was born in Virginia, and served as a soldier in the latter part of the Revolutionary war, though at that time he was not yet grown to manhood. From Vir- ginia he removed to Tennessee, and in 1809 came to Illinois. He first settled near Prairie du Long creek, about three- fourths of a mile north of the line between Randolph and Monroe counties, and from there moved to the beautiful ridge running parallel with the Kaskaskia, and still known as Rail's ridge. Edward Ralls, his son, settled on the farm on the ridge that had been originally improved by Robert McMahan. He died in 1851. John Ralls, another son, was one of the pioneer preachers of the county, and died in 1857. Edward Faherty settled on the southern b irder of the Horse prairie. His sons, Patrick and John Faherty, were after- ward residents of that part of the county. Ezra Owen and his son, Thomas J. V. Owen, located in the "Dr. Fisher settlement," as it was called, also in the year 1809 Ezra Owen was made major of the militia, and served creditably in that position. The son was sherifl" of the county from 1823 to 1828, and in 1830 was elected a member of the state legislature. Dr. George Fisher was born in Hardy county, Virginia, and settled in Kaskaskia in the year 1789. In 1806 he removed from the village to a farm at the foot of the bluff, six miles above Kaskaskia on the Prairie du Rocher road. This vicinity was afterwards known as Dr. Fisher's settlement. He was appointed sheriff of Randolph county soon after the organization of Indiana territory, and filled the office for several years. He was a member of the first legislature of the territory of Illinois, which met at Kaskaskia at the close of the year 1812, and was chosen speaker of the house. He also served as speaker of the house in the third territorial legislature which convened during the winters of 1816-17 and 1817-18. He was a delegate to the convention of 1818 which framed the first constitution of the state of Illinois. A short time after his removal to his farm above Kaskaskia the small-pox reached the vicinity of Kaskaskia. Dr. Fisher erected a hospital on his farm, and here the great part of the French population of the surrounding bottom passed through the dangerous malady under his skillful treatment. The citizens of Kas- kaskia all that summer kept guard at the outskirts of their village to prevent the contagion from reaching the town. The American settlements were undisturbed by the disease. Dr. Fisher was an able physician, though an early authority HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. states that his education was but ordinarj', and that he depended more on his natural abilities than on books and scientific knowledge. lie died in 18'20. For a kv! years previous to 1809 considerable immigra- tion had come to Illinois, and the counties bordering on the Wabash, the Ohio, and the Mississippi, from Vincennes around to Alton, had begun to improve. The Indian troubles commenced in 1810, and thence till the conclusion of the war of 1812-H few new families came to Illinois. The settlements in Kanrch 16, 1819. The next to locate permanently in the county was the Hutchings family. In May, 181G, John afld William Hutchings. brothers, with their families, camped upon the banks of Beaucoup creek, in what is now Beau- coup precinct. They were on their way from Tennessee to Missouri, and had no intention of remaining psrmauently. After a few days rest they pushed onward, and on reaching Katcliff's or Sawyer's point, in Washington county, fifteen miles distant, they abandoned their journey, and returned to their old former camping place, where they had found game and honey in abundance, and where the productive appear- ance of the surrounding country had favorably impressed them during their transient sojourn. John Hutchings' family consisted of a wife, four children, and three slaves, Landon Parks and Agis, his wife, and a colored woman named Dinah. William Hutchings' family was composed of a wife, six children, and a young woman named Dv.dilah Jones, who afterward became the wife of John R. Hutch. ings, his eldest son. This party of emigrants had made the journey in old-fashioned wagons, drawn by horses, and com- prisec" eighteen persons iu all. The Hutchings were natives of North Carolina, where they married. John Hutchings built his first cabin on the northwest quarter of section uiue- teen, in township four south, of range two, which he entered July 2-5, 1817. He sub.sequently built a two story frame house near his cabin. This was known for many years as the " Travelers' Inn." William Hutchings built his first house in the south edge of the prairie, which took his name. Here he resided until 1819, on what is now known as the Watson place, and died in 1820. The Hutchings family were prominent and useful citizens, and the eldest son of William, John K. Hutchings, was one of the earliest teachers and Baptist ministers. He was also one of the commissioners chosen to se'ect the site of Piuckneyville, and held many of the county offices, among the number that of judge. Wesley W. Hutchings, born at the pioneer home, on the 4th of October, 1822, is the only survivor of William Hutchings' family, and now resides in the Three Mile prai- rie, Washington county, this state. Mrs. Mary Ivice, widow of Hiram Kicp, and daughter of John Hu'chings, is the only survivor of the eighteen pioneers, and was but five years old when brought to the territory by her father iu May, 1816. The nearest trading points at the time of the settlement by the Hutchings, were Kaskaskia and St. Louis, and the only articles of trade were deerskins, honey and beeswax, which 84 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS were exchanged for such necessaries as were required. John Huggius, who was au early settler of Cutler, came to Illinois in 1802. He yet lives in section tweuty-one, and is a native of South Carolina. The first to seek a home within the limits of what is now Du Quoin precinct, was Jarrold Jackson, who exacted a toll from travelers for crossing a bridge over Little Muddy, in 1803, on the road leading from Shawneetown to Kaskaskia. Thomas Taylor, a native of South Carolina, came into this precinct =n 1812, from Jackson county, to which place he had emigiated in 1803. Lewis Wells, also a native of South Carolina, an old neighbor of Taylor, and one of the early county commissioners, moved to Jackson county in 1804 ; and fjom there came with Taylor, to what is now Perry counly, in 1812. Mr. Wells resided in Du Quoin precinct until 1846, the yeflr of his death. He had reached the ripe age of ninety-six years. John Campbell, who, at his death, left his children, John, Washington, Isaac, Alexander and Charles living in the precinct, came from Tennessee in 18] 2, and gettlrd in the neighborhood of Wells and Taylor. In 1815, Tamaroa precinct received its first permanent resident in the person of the parents of Edward T. Rees. They settled near a water course, now known as Rees' creek. Edwaid T. Rees has been honored with the responsible position of County Judge, by his fellow gitizens. Du Quoin precin"t received within its borders as perma- nent citizens, in 1816, Hiram Root and Ephraim Skinner and their families. They were natives of New York. Mr. Skinner lived but four years after their arrival. Simon Wiiliard and family settled in the southwest in 1817. He located on section two, township six south, range four; and when the land came into market, he entered it January 19, 1819. There were 504.60 acres in the tract. His neighbor, James Craine, improved and made his hoae on the nrrthcast quarter of section thirteen, township six ran we four. Mr. Craine entered this tract in the land office in Kaskaskia, May 14, 1818. Benjamin Brown was also a neighbor in 1817. His home was on the west half of the southeast quarter of section eleven of the same township. Richard Green, Robert Crow and Robert John- son with their families, were living in the neighborhood. William H. Threlkel, Jacob Short and John Stuart were also residents of this section, and their names are intimately interwoven in the earlier civil history of the county as men of unqucsliontd honesty and ability. They were natives of New York, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Stephen Kelly was also a pioneer of this neighborhood. The Pyle family, whose names appear prominently in the civil history of the county, in pioneer days, and many of whose descend- ants are now respected citizens of the county, came to what is now Du Quoin precinct, from Tennessee, in 1819. There were three brothers, John, William and Abner, all men with families of well-grown children. Grand Cote received its first settler in 1819. Thomas Swanwick, a native of Chester, England, entered the northwest quarter, and the east half of the southwest quarter of section eleven in town- ship four south of r nge four, on the thirteenth day of February, 1818. The land entered by this old pioneer is now occupied by his son, Joel J. Swanwick, now past the meridian of life. James McMurdo came with Mr. Swan- wick, and now resides in Randolph county. The next ac- cession to the settlement of Grand Cote, was Wil'iam P. Elliott, who came from Georgia in 1820. He located on the twentieth section, built his cabin, and in the spring of 1821, brought his family to his new home. He was an en- terprising citizen, and was the first to operate a mill in this section of the county. He built a tug or band mill as early as 1822. The burrs were made from boulders picked up on the prairie. In 1822, Shadrach Lively made an improvement in the southwest corner of Holt's Prairie. Between the years 1820 and 1830, Du Quoin precinct received a large number of settlers, among whom were Robrrt McElvain, Rodney Bolin and others. The widow of Rodney Bjlin died a few years since, being past ninety years of age. In this decade, Daniel Dry, the first county treasurer, after the organization of the county, arrived iu Du Quoin precinct. It is said that Mr. Dry, in company with his wife, made the entire journey from Pennsylvania, on foot, bringing his entire worldly wealth in an old barrel, mounted on two wheels. This improvised cart he propelled before him as he trudged on his wearisome way in search of a home in the western wilds. He spent the remainder of his days in the county, leaving behind him an unsullied reputation, and a large number of descendants, who have kept the family name un- tarnished. David H. Mead was also a pioneer of the same neighborhood. His name appears prominently in the civil history of ihe county. In the year 1824, Du Quoin re- ceived other permanent and enterprising settlers in the per- sons of Zachariah Clinton, Green Durriugton and Micajah Phelps, all with familifs, who came direct from their homes in Kentucky. Also, Dr. Joseph Brayshaw, an En- glishman ; Avery Chapman and Joshua Davis, who settled upon what is now the site of Old Du Quoin. Cutler pre- cinct was colonized in 1825, by a band of sturdy pioneers, who made permanent settlements. They were natives of Smith county, Tennessee. Enoch Eaton, who still lives upon his old homestead, the northeast quarter of section- twenty- four, in township five south, range four, was the first of the company to arrive with his wife and two children. Oneofhis sons, R H. Eaton, is now a resident of Pinckneyville. He made the journey with the old-fashioned wagon, drawn by horses. He was soon followed by his father, who brought his family in a cart drawn by a bull. With Eaton, Sr , came John Murphy, father of Robert, James, Richard G., and William C, all of whom came with their iiUher and were prominent in the early histoty of the county. Hon. Wil- liam K. Murphy, of Pinckneyville is a grandson of this pioneer, Richard Green and family of New York ; Hugh Brown from South Carolina; Matthew Vann of Tennessee; Andrew Cooper of South Carolina were among Enoch Eaton's first and early neighbors. James Brown, also a native of South Carolina, settled near Galum as early as 1825. The next accession to Grand Cote was Jonathan Petit, who came from the " Irish settlement " in Randolph County, in the spring of 1825. He settled on section thirty HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 85 of township four south, of rauge four. In the same fall, he disposed of his improvement to Absalom Wilson of Wash ington County, Virginia. Sir. Wilson did not occup)' his new house, however, until 1840. George Cherry from the Chester District, South Carolina, also came into Grand Cote the same year, and settled on section five, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred in March, 1857. The year 1826 brought so many permanent settlers into the territory now comprising the county, that toward the close of the year the necessary steps were taken to secure the organi- zation of the county. Among the number who took up their abode within its limits were : David Deal, a native of Ten- nessee. He brought a wife and family of six children, two sons and four daughters ; two of the latter are now residents of Franklin county, this .state, the rest being dead. He built his humble cabin on section twenty-eight. He subse- quently purchased the improvement of David Rees, who had made his appearance about the same time as Mr. Deal, and had built his cabin on section twenty-one. After purchas- ing Jlr. Rees' improvement, Mr. Deal entered the land. Abraham Jlorgan and family made themselves houses in what is now Taniaroa precinct, as early as 182G. They lived upon, and were the first occupants of what is now known as the Samuel Benson place; and there entered the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section eighteen of township four south, range one west. Fiyckneyville precinct received numerous accessions in 1826. Among the number were Ephraim Bilderback and Charles Garner, who came from Randolph county and settled in the southwestern portion of the Four-mile prairie, in the spring of that year. Matthew Jones settled on the west side of Holt's Prairie in 1826. John Hazzard and John Berry came with Jones and made themselves houses in the same prairie. All were natives of Tennessee. Abner Flack, a native of South Carolina, took up his abode in the Four-mile prairie the same year; and George Franklin made his house, one-half mile south of the present site of Piuckneyville at the tame time. The year 1827, brought with it some of the pioneers, whose names are interwoven inseparably with the early political history of the county. Chief among the number was Humphrey B. Jones. Mr. Jones was a native of Kentucky and first came to Jackson county, Illinois, ia 1821. There he continued to reside until the twenty-first daj' of April, li-27, when he changed his residence to the new county of Perry. His first house was in Pinckueyville, near the site of the "old spring." Among his surviving children is the wife of Charles H. Roe, the efficient Circuit Clerk of the county. Mr. Jones held many of the official positions in the county, as will be seen by a reference to the civil chapter. He was a scholarly gentleman, an able lawyer and successful physician. He died at his home in Piuckneyville, his aged wife following but a few years since. Fergus Milligan, another of the more prominent early settlers, first came to the county in 1827. He was a native of Iredell county. North Carolina, and arrived in the .spring, first settling the land now known as the Harmony place, three miks northwest of Pinckney" ville. When he came to the county, his family cons'sted of a wife and nine children. Not being satisfied with the selection first made, in the fall of the same year, he removed to Four-mile prairie, and seltctid a house on the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section eleven, township six south, of range three, and there died some years since. Afton Crawford settled in the south end of the Four-mile prairie, in 1827, and improved what is now known as the '' old Bill Murphy " place. Jonathan Petit, from Randolph county, improved what is now the county poor farm, as early as 1827. The population of Tamaroa precinct was largely increased in 1828. Nathan G. Curlee, one of the pioneer local preachers, found a home on section seventeen of township four, rauge one. The first neighbor of Mr. Curlee was Benjamin Hammack, who brought his family, and selected a portion of section seventeen, township four, range one, as hid home. Mr. Hammack was a native of Virginia, but came to Perry from Jackson county. His family consisted of a wife and four children. Lewis Hammack, a prominent lawyer of Pinckueyville, is a son. Immediately following Mr. Hammack came Stephen Brown, who settled on the same section. Paradise precinct received as pioneers in 1828, Edward, Minyard i\nd Robert Gilliam, brothers, with their families from Bradford county, Tennessee. The prairie in which they settled now bears their name. The two first named died in the precinct and Robert in Te.xas. James Jones, a brother of William Jones who first came into the township in 1827, and bought the claim of a settler nan)ed Alexander Clark, arrived from Tenne.ssee with a wife and family of several children in 1828. With James Jones came an old Tennessee neighbor, by the name of John M. Haggard, who came along to see the country. Being well pleased he immediately returned to his old home and brought out his fomily — a wife and child. To the little settlement of Grand Cote was added in 1828, James Kirkpatrick and family of South Carolina, » ho made their home on section nine. Among the number of pioneers of 1^28, settling in Pinck- ueyville, \vere James Steele, who settled in the Four-mile prairie; and William Craig who found a home in the immediate vicinity. Joshua M Rice, a native of Tennessee arrived in 1829. and settled in Hutchings' prairie, where he raised one crop ; and changed his home to township four the following year. Peyfam Brown was also a settler in the immediate neighborhood the same year. Among the numerous accessions to the county from the years 1829 to 1838 inclusive, were Reuben Kelly and Isaac McCollum, of Paradise; the Blands of Taniaroa; John White, Robert H. Allen, William M. .\dair, Hugh Cooper, Alexander Crsig, William Jvainey, Benjamin Ragland, Solomon Maxwell, John jNIcMillen, John Hughey, Newton FiankKn ib\ Joel Rushing, all in Grand Cote. The last named, Joel Rushing, was a native of Anson County, North Carolina, and while a mere boy was taken to Bedford County, Ten- nessee. Here he grew to manhood, found a wife in the person of Miss Susannah Hale, and came to Pcriy County in December, 18.38; and bought one hundred and twenty 86 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. acres of land from James McMillan's father. Evan B. Rushing, one of the leading lawyers of the Perry county bar, is a son of this pioneer. Jeremiah Dennis, Jacob Walker; Campbell Stuart, James Meadows and Edmund Hodges sought homes in Beaucoup precinct during this period. Among the earliest pioneers who attained deserved political prominence was Hawkins S. O^burn, who ably represented his people in the General Assembly of the state, both in the House and Senate. He was a lover of fine horses, accumulated a handsome property and died a few years ago at a ripe old age. His sou, Thomas Osburn, now lives upon the old homestead, and is said to be a counterpart of his honored father. We have thus briefly sketched the early pioneer history of the county ; and the reader desirous of obtaining a more extended history of those named in this chapter, or whose names do not appear, will find what they seek in the several precinct histories. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE AMERICAN PIONEERS. The early American settlers were principally from the Southern States of Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee. Some came from Pennsylvania and Maryland. A New England emigrant was rare. Their sense of independence was one of the marked traits of their character. By the necessities of their situation they were forced into singular and different employments. They were compelled to act as mechanics, to make their plows, harness and other farming implements, to tan their leather, to hunt game, while at the signal of danger they unhitched their horses from the plow, and were ready to march to any part of the territory in defence of their homes. While the majority of settlers were without means, pov- erty carried with it no crushing sense of degradation like that felt by the very poor of our day. They lived, it is true, in a cabin, but it was their own, and had been reared by their own hands. Their house, too, while inconvenient and far from water-proof, was built in the prevailing style of architecture, and would compare favorably with the homes of their neighbors. They were destitute of many of the conveniences of life, and of some things that are now considered necessaries ; but they patiently endured their lot and hopefully looked forward to better. They had plenty to wear as protection against the weather, and an abundance of ivholesome food. They sat down to a rude table to eat from tin or pewter dishes ; but the meat thereon spread — the flesh of the deer or bear ; of the wild duck or turkey ; of the quail or squirrel — was superior to that we eat, and had been won by the skill of the head o*' the house or of that of his vigorous sous. The bread they ate was made from corn or wheat of their own raising. They walked the green carpet of the grand prairie or forest that surrounded them, not with the air of a beggar, but with the elastic step of a self-respected freeman. The settler brought with him the keen axe, which was indispensable, and the equally necessary rifle ; the first his weapon of offence against the forests that skiited the water- courses, and near which he made his home ; the second that of defence from the attacks of his foe, the cunning child of the forest and prairie. The manner of building was as follows : First, large logs were laid in position as sills ; on these were placed strong sleepers, and on the sleepers were laid the rough-hewed puncheons, which were to serve as floors. The logs were then built up till the proper height for the eaves was reached ; then on the ends of the building were placed poles, longer than the other end-logs, which projected some eighteen or more inches over the sides, and were called " butting-pole sleepers ;" on the projecting ends of these was placed the " butting-pole," which served to give the line to the first row of clap-boards. These were, as a matter of course, split, and as the gables of the cabin were built up, were so laid on as to lap a third of their length. They were often kept in place by the weight of a heavy pole, which was laid across the roof parallel to the ridge- pole. The house was then chinked, and daubed with a coarse mortar. A huge fire-place was built at one end of the house, in which fire was kindled for cooking purposes, for the settlers were generally without stoves, with which to furnish the needed warmth in winter. The ceiling above was some- times covered with the pelts of the raccoon, opossum, and of the wolf, to add to the warmth of the dwelling. Some- times the soft inner bark of the bags wood was used for the same purpose. The cabin was lighted by means of greased paper-windows. A log would be left out along one side, and sheets of strong paper, well greased with coon-grecse or bear oil, would be carefully tacked in. The above description only applies to the very earliest times, before the rattle of the saw-mill was heard within our borders. The furniture comported admirably with the house itself, and hence, if not elegant, was in most perfect taste. The tables had four legs, and were rudely made from a puncheon. Their seats were stools having three or four legs. The bed- stead was in keeping with the rest, and was often so contrived as to permit it to be drawn up and fastened to the wall during the day, thus attbrding more room to the family. The entire furniture was simple, and was framed with no other tools than an axe and auger. Each was his own carpenter; and some displayed considerable ingenuity in the construction of implements of agriculture, and utensils, and furniture for the kitchen and house. Knives and forks they sometimes had, and sometimes had not The common table knife was the pack knife or butcher-knife. Horse collars were sometimes made of the plaited husk of the maize sewed together. They were easy on the neck of the horse, and if tug-traces were used, would last a long while. The common dress of the American pioneer was very similar. Home-made wool hats were usually worn. The covering of the feet were, in winter, mostly moccasins made of deer skin and shoe-packs of tanned leather. In the summer, the greater portion of the young people, male and female, and many of the old, went bare-footed. The sub- stantial and universal wear was the blue linsey hunting- HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY' COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 87 shirt. Gov. Reynolds says that this was a most excellent garment, and that he never felt so healthy and happy after layicig it off. Many pioneers wore the white blanket coat (the French rupot) in the winter. These were made loose with a cap or cape to turn over the head in extreme cold weather. The vest was mostly made of striped linsey. The coliirs were made with alum, copperas and madder, boiled with the bark of trees in such manner and proportions as the old ladies prescribed. The shirts worn by the Americans were generally horn? made, of flax and cotton material. Some voyagtrs and hunters among the Americans wore calico and checked shirts, but these were not in common use. The pantaloons of the masses were generally deer- skins and linsey, and sometimes a coarse blue cloth was used. In early times factory made goods did not exi.st. These goods, from New England and Kentucky, reached Illinois about the year 1818, and then looms and spinning ceased. Every pioneer had a rifle and carried it almo.'it wherever he went. On the Sabbath a stack of rifles might be seen outside the house of worship while within the congregation were attending service. Almost everybody was a hunter, and a deer was as likely to be seen on Sunday as on any other day of the week. Neat and fine linsey, manufactured at home and colored and woven to suit the fancy, composed the outside garments of the females. A bonnet of calico or some gayly-checked goods, was worn on the head, in the open air. Jewelry was unusual. A gold ring was an ornament not often seen. The style of dress began to change about the year 1820. The blue linsey hunting-shirt with red or whit^ fringe gave place to the cloth coat. Boots and shoes supplanted the deer skin moccasin. By the year 1830 a man dressed in the costume of the territory, raccoon-skin cap, hunting- shirt, buckskin breeches and moccasins, with a belt around the waist to which a knife and tomahawk were appended, was rarely to be seen. The female sex made still more rajjid progress in adopting modern costumes. The pioneers were exceedingly friendly and sociable. A new comer was heartily welcomed. When a log cabin was to be raised, whether invited or not, they gathered together and enjoyed a backwoods frolic in putting it up. At these house-raisings much sport and amusement were indulged in. The young men and boys tried their strength and skill at jumping, wresiling, and running foot-races. Old and young took part in the game of leap frog. Shooting at marks was practiced among those most skilled in the use of the rifle. Among a group of older men would figure a Kentuckian relating his adventures on flat-boats, " the old Broad Horn," to New Orleans. At times, a bottle, called " Black Betty," filled with Monongahela whiskey, made its appearance, and then was told the "hair-breadth escapes" and thrilling adventures of the pioneers. A log-rolling, corn husking, or bee ( f any kind, called the settlers together for miles around. The whole neighborhood assembled and split rails, cleartd land, plowed up whole fields, and the like. Pioneer amuse- ment generally clo.sed the day. With the invitation to the men commonly came one to the women, to come to a quilting. The good woman of the house where the festivities were to take place, would be busily engaged for a day or more in preparation for the coming guests. Great quantities of provisions were to be prepared, for dyspepsia was unknown to the pioneer, and good appetites were the rule and not the exception. "The bread used at these frolics was baked generally on Jonny or Jouniiij cake-boards, and is the best corn-bread ever made. A board is made smooth, about two feet long, and eight inches wide — the ends are generally rounded. The dough is spread out on this board, and placed haning before the fire. One side is baked, and then the dough is changed on the board, so the other side is prcfeented, in its turn, to the fire. This is Joiiiii/-cake, and is good, if the proper materials are put in the dough, ani)oai' by tlieir ilepcisitioiis. I was rniiliiuil by Tyi-aiiiiick iijilitary force without making any ic^'ai application to the civil magistrate. .'inth tlio alt^'iiuy for the state, La Jiuii-sippi, seeking refuge in the ter- ritory -.vest of the- river, then in possession of his Catholic Maje-ty, the King of Spain. This exodus of the French alarnud the lOnglisli Authorities to some extent, and induced tlieiu to pronnse to the inhabitants the liberty of the ■ ( aili .lie Ueligi.in," etc, bv proclamation, at the same time granting those wishing to emigrate, the right to .sell their propertv, provided tlie purch;isers were loyal to the !\ing of I'lngland. The e>:odus, however, continued; and it i-- 'inesiioiiublc whetlur the arrival of r'nglishmeu and later of .\MMrieans was sniiii'ien! to till the gaps. The popula- li'in ■■:' tiie new eonn.ty in 17'.'i was in ;tll probability less than in 17i!-;. The inh;sl)ilants of the county at that period il7'.'o were for the njev-t pait farmers and hunters. The nnndji.r of traders was limited, and the trades were repre- sented by a few blacksmiths and here and there a tanner; the fact was, that the American jiioneers were, almost with- out exception, skilled mechanics and artisans. TEN'UKf; OI' I..VXD.S. The French colonists held the land granted to them pretty much in the same style in which the rural population of their mother land hold it to this day. Each villager had a strip assigned to him, some more, some less, according, pro- bably to the number of his family or to the favor in which he stood with the dispensers of the grants These strips were surrounded by a ftnee owned and constructed in com- mon by all the villagers, each of whom had to render a certain amount of labor for the commuiuty or forfeit tl.e right to his strip. At Kask.askia these strips extended from river to river, while at St. Philip and other colonies they extended from the river to the hills. Besides the.se fields held in common, the villagers possessed large tracts of lands as commons, where to procure fuel, hunt, fish and pasture their stock. A large part of these commons have in our days been leased in smaller parcels to settlers, and for the benefit of the vUlwjcrs, while some por.ions still remain " commons " as of yore. Individual grants were also made by French missionaries. The French ( ioverunient made first mention of their pos.sessions in " Louisiana " in 1712, on the 14th of September, when Antoine Croziit was granted letters patent to the whole commerce of the country. In 1723, on the 14th of June, a grant of land was made to Francois Philip Renault (Renaud) in fee simple in order to enable him to support his establishment at the mines in Upper Louisiana. This grant was made by Boisbriaiit, the King's lieutenant, and governor of the province of Louisiana, and by Des Ursins, principal secretary of the Royal India Company. The grant was located near Fort Chartres, bounded on the south by lands of the Illinois Indian.^, one league in front of the Mississippi, and extending back into the country two leagues. Other individual grants exteudeil throughout the Ameri- can bottom for a distance of many miles. The English, wheu in possession of the territory, 17(53 to 1778, exercised the privilege of making grants to a great extent, and in some 98 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. instances conveyed lands which had for years been the pro- perty of individuals.* Virginia, when in possession of the territory granted the so-called improvement rights, 400 acres each ; all these grants properly authenticated, were recognized by the United States when succeeding Virginia in the possession of the territory. In their turn the United States granted the so called family head rights of 400 acres each, to heads of families having held permanent residence in the territory in 1783, and militia rights of 100 acres each to all who had actually served in the militia in 1790 and prior years. When the country was organized in 1795 these land grants called for mauy hundred thousand acres of land, as will be seen below, but the thousand and odd individuals to whom these grants had been made, had divested themselves of them prior to the first assessment of taxable property of the county, probably in 1808, when these broad acres were owned by less than three hundred individuals. Among the numerous assessments of the property of Ran- dolph county, filed away in the court-house at Chester, we have selected one from which to quote, as it appears to be the oldest on file. It has no date ; the lands assessed were described by metes and bounds only ; not an acre seemed to have been properly managed. This assessment was in all probability made by David Robinson, Sr., who was ap- pointed county assessor March 12th, 1808. LANDS IN RANDOLPH COUNTY. Extrnci from the Assessment of probably 1808 — This ap- parently oldest assessment of Randolph county kept on file is not dated, nor signed, yet it is very carefully made up, and shows that 435,800 acres of land were in the possession of individuals. None of the tracts owned had been surveyed, and they are described in the following way as for instance : Situated "on the Kaskaskia, seven or eight miles above the village," or "on the Okaw, si.\ miles below Horse Prairie," or "adjoining the Jesuits' land," or " on the road to fort Charters, opposite the village of Kaskia," or ''situation un- known," or " ten leagues up the Ohio River," or " on the Confiscation of Umds by the authorities of His Majesty, the King of Great The Britisli authorities, in malving tlic land grants and donations, would occasionallydispo-sess the original owners of their homesteads and donate the same to loyal siittjects of His Majesty. The first document of this kind was made out at Fort Chartres, November ]2th, 1767, by Gordon Forbts, Captain 34th Regimei.l, in manner and form as follows: By virtue of the power and authority in me invested, Ido herelty grant unto Mr- James Ruinsey, late lieutenant of His Majesty's 34th Regiment, a certain tract of land containing acree in front from the river Kaskaskia to tlie Missis- sippi, once the j roperty of one La Bauhon, whereon formerly did stand a water mill, the remains of which are now to be seen. The whole being agreeable to His Majesty's Proclamation, confiscated to the King and is hereby given lo James Rumsey in consideration of His Excellency. General Gage's Recommendation, and for the good exampleo{ a speedy seltlement of His Majesty's colony, as like- wise the frame of a house with a lot of land thereunto appeitaining opposite the Jesuit college in the village of Kask.i.«kias. In many instances the original owners were allowed to sell their property, as will appear from the following: Fort Chartres. ss. (no date.) Permission is hereby granted to Alexis La Plante, inhabitant of Kaskaskias in the Illinois country, to sell, or dispose of, the house, and granted him from Colonel John Reed, latecommandant of the said country of the Illinois. ,\nd I do hereby declare that whomsoever of His Majesty's iifjj Subjects may pur- chase the same that he or they, etc. shall be and are hereby declared to be legally possessed of the same without any hindrance, let, incumbrance or tax whatsoever. Mississippi some thirty miles above the mouth of the Ohio," or " right below Tower Rock," or "on Clark's trail to Vin- cennes," etc., etc. This land was owned by less than 300 individuals, and in parcels ranging from two or three to over 100,000 acres. The largest land-holders were Gen. John Edgar, who paid tax on 130,400 acres; Robert Morri- son had 34,000, William Morrison 24,800, James O'Hara 15,200, John Rice Jones 1(3,400, Pierre Menard 12,000, Richard Lord 11,200 acres, etc. Linds in cultivation were assessed at 12.00, lands " improved " at 81 50, " wild " lands located at $1.00, and wild lands not located at 75 cents per acre. The assessed value of all those lands amounted to §418,072, and the tax levied, at 75 cents per 100 dollars value, to $3,135.54. 26,262 acres are mentioned as fields and are assessed at $2.00 per.acre, and one three acre tract, owned by William Murray, is assessed at $2 00 per acre.* The present limits of the county did not contain much more than one-fifth of those 435,800 acres, as will appear from the following lengthy statement of lands of Randolph county owned by individuals in 1820. The 26,262 acres in fields were principally located in and around Katkas^kia and Prairie du Rocher, with the exception of about one-fifth located in the south part of Monroe. List of lands entered and occupied by individuals in Randolph county in 1820. TOWN.SHIP 4 S. 3 W. Mar, (i,l«1') \:ilV,:in T'lvi., K JS.W.S, m .Sept. Id, l«l« A^g.,^,l-I^ I r,;,,. rl,\\v 17, 160 ; Aug. :■., 1 • 1 - - NdV.lT. 1-1- I ,i: ■ - ' : ' 'i- 1 :NB.l8, 80 ; Oct.l. 1-1- r Nov.l7,l-l-> -inl.l. 1. 1.1, N JS 13.1!), 8U i Oct. 1, 1-1- I Sept. lO.ISls John M, liill, N,E. 21, ICO ! Oct. I, Islx F Apr. .30, lsl« John McDill, S.E. 21, Sept. V.I, 1818 John McPill, .N'.W. 22. Sept. I'.i, ISIS Hugh McKchy, W. 2 -Kolvy, N,E, 27, KiO lili, Ji- s w. :i", IM iti>-, E,2 N E,3ll,S0 ii.ny. W. 2:.3, 320 patty, E. 2S,E, 33, 80 160 Apr. 30,1810 Joseph Cathcart, N.W.35, Ico ICO j :r., 320 I Total, 2oo4 TOWNSHIP 5 S. 5 W. Acres. Acres. Dec. .31, 1819 John Dickev. Jr. .S.W.3, Ico ' June 30, 1817 N. Pope A W.Harrison, Dec. 3, 1818 James Munford, S E. 3, ir.) j N.E. 20, 160 Oct, 1. 1818 VVm. Marshall. W.2 N.W.4, 70 , June 30, 1817 N. Pope * W. Harri.«ori, Oct. l,i,1818 J. McMillan, W.2S.W. 5, so S,K, 2(i. 1(X) Dec. 17, 1818 J. McClurken, S.W. C, Dec. 17, 1818 J, McCUlrken.S.W, 7, Feb. 25, 1819 A I.- \- AIi-mi^.I ■> . \ K Dee. 27, 1819 ■^■■'■' '- ' . . :, ■ - r.T, b," \u'- JI, l-l- An-- Apr. 7,1818 ]::■" V , ■,, u : \ r -, -II ,lnlK J", 1,-1- K Ih Mar.3,1818 .Iiuiu - Ami, :-,,n, ~ W s, b,(i Mil-. ,-, IMS ,1. Mi July29,1818 J.i J. lluggiii", \V.2S.ES,80 Aug, 8. Isls J. Mii Nov.2«,181SSamuel Xeviit.S.W.lO, ICO , May 27, 1818 Mi.;i. May 2C, 1819 Wm. Vann, W, 2 X.E. 17, 80 June2.'i,isi7 A. L:ui.k-iall, W, 2 N-\V.32, so Aug. 20, 1818 Wm. Vann, W. 2 N.W. 17, ICO Feb, 24, 1819 J, Uo« .rman, W, 2 S, W, :l;t, 80 Mar. 3, 1818 James Anderson, N.E. 18, ICO I ■ Apr. 10, 1815 Wm. Morrison, 19, Oil ' Tot.al, 3835 TOWNSHIP 6 S. 5 AV. 151 June 311, 1817 N. Pope .t \V. ept, 2?, 1«IS M. B..W.-ITI1II , K, 21, 160 , 111, irn Acre Feb. 21, IM'i .1 I'.r.bi Apr 1-1 ,,1, n r II-. r,S .W.A.' .E.7 Apr 2'.i i-r> ,1. 11 IvIl' ir. W.2, Jul\ 31 ISlC J. Bowerr lU , S.W 9, Oct. 12 1818 E i Short .N E, 11, Feb .-, 1818 S. Baker N. 2S,E, 11. Oct. 12 1818 E i Short W 2 N.W. 12 Dec 31 181C J. Bowerr nal ,N. 2 1*, n, N.E. j, 160 I Oct. 12, 1816 George Steel, N. E. ir., ici) , E, 2 N.W. 5, 88 I July 31, 1816 J. Ilowerman, N.W. 16, icil N.2N.W.C, 94 Oct, 12, 1816 George .Steele, S. 2, 16, 320 320 I Sept. 30, 1814 James White, AV. 2, 17, 320 320 j Apr. 11, 1818 John. Steele, E. 2 S.W. 21, 80 160 I Sept 30, 1814 John Steele, S.W. 28, 160 160 I Apr. 14, 1818 John Layne, W. 2 N.E. 29, 80 Total,..*... .,3062 « Murray bought this three-acre tract as the agent of the firms of Moses and Jacob Frank.s of London, and David and Moses Franks, of Philadelphia, on the 8th of August, 1771, of Charles Cadron, dit. St. Pierre of St. Philip, village in the Illinois country, yeoman and M:rrie Jeanne Merrier, his wife, for 300 poumls. On it was a water-mill and a large stone dwelling-house, on the road from Fort Chartres to St. Philip. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 99 TOWNSHll" , ! Oct. 3, 1818 Adam Storm, E. 2, S.W. 3 SO Nor. 18. 1817 .John CrPnslmw. N. 2, U. 3-2i) | j^,^ Jan. 1, islli .lolin .1. Honry, S.E. 14, 100 | ' Aug. 3M, Isls TI10.S. li..l.i-its, S.E. 31, IGO TOWX.SH11- S S Claims and Surveys — not tlatetl. B. Thelwo, O. l.Vio, S. 732 Aug. Jan. Apr. . Aug. Aug. Aug. Acres. , IKU \V rtuil.lprlmck,S.W.17, 121 isu W. A c. nuildoiliafk, l.art N.K. 18, 106 l.si:, Win. M.-In(..sli, N. 2, N. K. 20, 80 Total :«1 TOWNSHIP 4 S. 6 W. Acres. 1 ; ,, ISIS .lolin Miiiifonl, S. W.IO, 145 ' Aug. 1.'., Lsls .In... M.-Millan. N. V. -.^ I. 1.S1S H. L.'Sli.-. K. 2. S.W. 20, sol Oct. 7,1818 Jumes c .ui'll, S.W. 31, , 181S H. l.c^li... W. 2, S.E. 20, 80 , A. HudKe, A J. Murd.ic ,, ISIS W.f. Mallard, E.2,S.K. 2.1, So] E.2.S.|.:.:i ,, 1818 \V. C. Ballard, N. 2, 24, 320 Aug. 18, 1S18 A Hodge i A. B.ir.k i ., 1818 W. C. Ballard, N. W. 2>, 100 W. 2, S. W. :! :7, 1818 W. E.l^ar, \V. 2. S.W. 25, 80 Aug. 18, 1818 .1 McMillan, S. E. 3.'., 17, 1818 Samuel Little, N.W. 20, ICO 17, 1518 Patrick Hanus, W. 2, X. I Total W. 80 July 12. Feb. 10. Aug, V,. Oct. 1, Aug. 20. Aug. ir., Apr. 2.1. July 2, July 2, July 2, TOWNSHIP 5 S. C W. Acres. [ Ihivi.l Mi-MillanS. E. 3, 100 | Oct. 13, ISI7 .li.lin Wiley. S. E. 1 Andrew H.irdera N.E. 4, 135 ; Sept.Al. 1.^17 J..lin Heaty, S. W. lohn Lively S.W. 4, 100 Sept. 20, 1817 Jas. .Mcfhirken.S.] vVm. Elli.itt, E. 2, S E 4, 80 \ Sept. 22, 1813 W. Morris, E. 2, N.V lohn Lively, N. E. 0, 100 ! Apr. Z\ ISl.'i Wm. Melntosli, Ser Francis Beatly, S. W. 9, 100 Oct. 2tl, 1817 WillianiMorris.S.V John Lively, S. E. 0, 100 Dec. 12, 1S18 John Miller, N. W. Joseph Weir, N. W. 10, 160 IJec. 12, 1818 Jolin Wiley, N. E. :> Wm. Mcintosh, sec. 12, 040 | Dee. 12, 1818 John Miller, N. W. Jas. Patterson, N. W.13, 100 Sept. 20, 1817 S.Crawford, E.'2,S.\ John Mc Dill, S. E. 13, 100 Jas. P.atter.son, N. 2, 14, 320 1 Total TOWNSHIP 6 s. G w. Jan. 10, 1818 D. Looney. E. 2, N. W. 3, 71 Apr. 10, isi.i Wm. Morrison, S. 2, Apr. 10, 1810 Wm. Morrison, S. 2.3, 320 : Sept. 24, 1814 KeuI.en Lacev. X.W Oct. 3, 1818 C. Glover, W. 2, S. W. 4, 80 ; Sept. 24, 1814 John La.-ey, X. W. 1 Apr. 21, 1815 .Tohn Pillars, S. E. 4, 100 j Xov. 8, 1817 Cath. Coddle. S.W. 1, June2C, 1819 John Taggart.S.W. 7, 151 [ Apr. 10, 1815 Wni. Morrison, X. 2, i John Pillars, N. E. !!, 100 „, - ■"- --■ ^- 2' W. 32" Pierre Menard' Apr. 21, 1 Apr. 21,1 Apr. IS. 1 Apr. 18, 1 and Suirei/s. I J.Mcnonough,X.E.ll, iJ.McD. ngh,X.W.I2, 100! Total.. Claims and Snrveyt. ? Mcnanl ,ar.l, hrs TOWNSHIP 7 S. 6 W. I Acres. Acres. Aug. 19,1818 A. Smith, E. 2, X. E. 20, no Sepl.2l,lsH HenjaminCrain,S.W..22, lOo Dee. 10, ISl'J Pierre Menaid, X.W. 27, loo McRoberts 300 Total 2IUO June 12, 1818 S.amuel Man.s: Jan. '23, 1819 Henry Kcil, fra TOWNSHIP S S. 6 W. TOWNSHIP 4 S. 7 W. Elija .Smith, hrs. clain Mar. 4, 181s Gc JulyC, 1818 Jan. 12, 1819 July e, 1818 Ocl.lo, 1817 Sep. 9, 1810 July 6, 1818 Jan. 4, 1815 Jan. 21, 1818 Jan. 7. 1SI9 Nov. 3.1817 Apr. 20, 1818 William lliggs Elisha C.Hickox,X2,of 2, Same. W2, N.W. A. W. Snider, X.E. 4, Jas. Morrison, W. 2, of 4, Wm. Morrison, S.E. 4, Jas. Morrison, N. 2, 5, David Kulton, N. 2, 0, Robt, Morrison, E.2,X. E.7, Jas. Morri.son, X.W. 9, Thomas Fulton. S.E. 9, Jns.|ill (Mlllni, N W.19, TI...IU 1- r.illl. , - W. 19, J..hM \.|.iin.. 1: :,\,W. 20. W. .M. L. Le Ll.apelle, N.W. 21, Apr. 20, July 18, (Sep. 1, ! Apr. 25, 1819 .' 1818 1 1817 ' 1819 .: >rge Wilson.N.E. 23, lUO Thompson, jr. E. 2, S.W.23 80 .Sam. Douglass, W.2,S.E.23, so Wm. McBride, S.W. 24. 1.50 Thomas McBride. N.E.2C, 100 John Anderson, E. 2, N.W. 20 80 100 ' Mar.2.->,1815 Otha Levens, S.W. 29, 144 Paul Harlson, N.W. 30, 129 Otha Levens, S.E. 30, loo Thomas Levens, N.W. 31, 12!l David Anderson, jr. S.W.32, 44 A. St. Francisco, hrs. N.E. N.W. .33 11 Andrew Beatty, S.E. 30, 100 Total. 5218 270 I Apr. 24, 1815 I Mar. 25, 181.: Apr. 28, 1815 Apr.2i,18l5 Sep. 30, 1816 TOWNSHIP 5 S. 7 W. '. 400 Sep.30,1816 A. St. Francisco, hoirs. John Edgar, " " 300 | S-W. 17 160 John Pettit, " " 100 Sep. 28, 1816 Robt. Morrison. S.E. IS, 100 Dec. .30,1818 .loseph Pratton.S.E.of 3, 100 Aug.21. 1818 Henry Conner, N.E. 21, 100 Apr.22, 1815 DavidAnderson,W.2,of5, 320 I May 1, 1S15 Jas. Thompson, S.E. of 22, 160 Dcc..30,1819 Joseph Pratton.N.E.of 10, 1,56 Jan.2G, 1819 Thos. Sirahan, N.W.of 27, 100 I>ec..30,lsn Wash'g'nSt..rrets.S.W.10,107 I •' " John Irvin, S.W. 27. 160 •Sep. 23. 1814 Jas. Patterson. S.E. 10, li;o 1 Aug. 3. 1819 Wm. Th.jmpson.S.E. 28, 160 .Same, S.W. 11, liai ; Jan. 0, 1815 A. .McCormack, W. 2 33, 320 Jan. 6, IslS Robert McMann.N.E. 14. 100 Jan. 0. 1S15 Wm. Tumbrell, .S.E. 33, 99 Dec.l..i,lsl8 John Rankin, N.2,N.W.l.-., so | Tolal 3,642 TOWNSHIP G s. 7 w. Acres. 1 Arces. Heirs of J. Anderson, I May 1, 1810 Thos. Slatter.fr.S.W. 18, 79 claim and survey 400 j Jun.10,1810 John Fult.in. sr., S.E.ia. 143 Urather and Similey, [ Ap. 20, 1816 John Edgar, fr. sec. 19, 168 400 Ap. 29, 1815 Staecy McDonough, Stacy McDonough, claim and survey John Pettil, claim anil survey 100 , Fl. Heirs of Henry Si N.E. 20 . 160 Legal representatives of .1. Montgomery, John Rii and sui Jon John Edgar Pierre Menard I,; Heirs of C. 4 R. Dniry Village tract of Kas- P. 11. Roberts Robert Reynolds Diego Kodreique May 15, 1817 Jacob Harnian, fr., S.W. 7 .Mr. 24, 1S19 Stacey McDonough, X.E. 8 Jan. 14,1818 Amos Anderson. S.E. 12, Oct. 10,1818 William Coddle, X.E. 1:1 Ag. 31.1S10 llb.a.liah ri.-l.ls, S.E. l:i, 400 : Ap. 10, 1817 John Edgar, bal. sec. W, 459 Ag. 31, 181S Henry Conner, X.E. 21, 160 1,1817 Stacey McDonough, N.W. 21 100 400 Mr. 1.5, 1817 C.iIvinLawrence,S.W.2I, 160 Ag. 10, 1817 Edward Coles, fr. S.E.21, 93 A p. 4, 1818 Joseph Jay, E. 2, N.E. 23. 80 4110 Jan.20,lslS Silas Crisler, W. 2, N.E. 24 80 200 No. 17, 1810 Aaran (Juick, X.W. 24, li»l .I11I. 4, 1817 Joseph Harman,S.W.24, 100 1,415 Ai-. 30, 1817 Jonathan Petii', S.E. 24, 160 2.22..1 Oct. 17, 1818 John Hannard. E. 2, S.E. 26 80 .250 Jul. 30, 1819 John Richardson, sr., W. 2, S.W. '27 80 232 Xo. 21,1817 William Morrison, fr. BOO E. 2, 28 108 :i,50 Ag. 10, 1817 Edward Coles, fr.N.W. KX). 28.. 46 ' Sep. .30.1810 P. Menard 4 A. Perry, X.E. 29 147 Ap. 22. 1817 Abijali Levett. W. 2, 29, 203 Sep. :iii, 1810 Pierre Menard and A. I'erry, fr. S.E. 29 30 Sep.3n.lsl.i John Edg.ar. fr. W. 2, 30. 59 Fb. 11), 1,^17 .lano Rippey, S.E. 30, 145 Jun 2. ISl- James Hughes. W. 2. 17. 310 A p. JUD .>7. 1.<1. 10,1811 J..lni K.lgar. S.K. 17. Ifio .lohn Kullon.sr.. X.E.IK, 120 TOWNSHIP Acres. John R. Jones, cl. ,t sur., 2098 John Rappico.cl.isur., 39 Wm. Morrison, cl. and sur. in 7-7 A 7-.8 277 John Edgar.el. and sur. in 7-7 .1- 7-8 12'JO Joseph McPherson, cl. andsur. in7-7.t7.a... 134 T..lal . and sur. in 7-7 i 7-8 Widow Godin. .alias Go angeau, cl. and sur. ; . 13,35: Bii 278 7 7 ,1 : 76 Michael Danie, cl. and Ale.iis Blaurais, cl. and sur. in 7-7 * 7-8 31 sur. in 7-7 A 7-8 45 Antoinc Bienvenue, .1. James Morrison, cl. aud and sur. in 7-7 ,1 7-8... HI sur. in 7-7 i 7-8 94 James llaggins, cl, aii.l J. li. Laderout. el. and sur. in 7-7 and 7-s li«i sur. in 7-7 ,(: 7-9 36 JamesGilbrealh.el.au.l n.l II, 1S17 .I..hn Clendenin. N.W.2, 160 sur. in 7-7 and 7-8 lai Inc. 2. Isl7 Henry Pettit, X.E. 3, 100 Pierre Menard, cl. and July 7, 1818 Wm. Morrison, X.E. 4, 100 sur. in 7-7 and 7-8 941 X... 27, 1817 Rachel Green, W. 2, L.iuis Ladcr..iil, cl. and S.E. 4, 80 sur. ill 7-7 and 7-8 127 M.ar. 0,1818 Elijah C. Berry, fr. s. 5, 272 Louis rhaml.erlanl, cl. Jan. 7, 1818 Jolin McFerron, W. 2, and -iir. :u 7-7.1- ,V 7-8 13.5 S.W. 4 80 Joseph Archambeau. el. Apl. 0, 1818 W. T. Williams. S.W. 13, 100 and sur.in 7-7 .V 7-8.... 90 Jan. .5. 1817 Wm. Oliver. W. part. 14. 154 Joseph Devignc's heirs, Ap. 18, 1815 John .VcFerron, pt. S.W. cl. A sur. in 7-7* 7-8... 67 U liU L. G. Chamberlant, cl. Fb. 16,1818 William Oliver, S.E. 14, loo and sur. in 7-7 A 7-8... 114 Sep.28,1814 Saml. Cochran, X.E. 15, 100 J..hnRice Jones, cl. and sur. in 7-7 .t 7-8 105 T.ilal 8317 TOWNSHIP 4 s. .S W. .\i'r.'8. Acres. Henry Levens, cl. ami Ap, 11, 1815 W. Rector A E. Barcrofl. siir.4A5S. 8 3i«) S E. 1 ICO John Edg.ar, cl. and sur. Jul 24, 1819 Wm. Peach, W. 2, S.E. 2, 80 4-8 loO Jul. 24, 1819 Saml. Abbolt,E.2,X.W..5, 80 My.20,1817 BinlardA Nove, N.pt.l, 280 Oct. 30. 1818 G. Taylor, Jr.,S.E.-N.E.O, 38 100 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. TOWNSHIP 4 S. 8 W. Acres. Mnr.e, 181« Samuel Crozier, N.E. 8, 160 Jan. 2.1S18 Jb. B. Bull, E. 2, N. W.8, 80 Ap. 21, 1817 Naney Garner. W. 2, S.W. 9 SO Ap. 29, 1815 Cliecqueur and others, S.E. 12 100 De. 24,1817 Isaac Husband, S.E. 24, 100 De. 12, 1817 Paul Haralson, \V.2, N.E, of 25 8(1 Ap. 24. 1815 Paul Haralson, S.E. 25 160 Jnn.10,18'0 Robert Foster, S.W. 29, 100 Jan.11,1819 James Kinney,W.2,S.W. :13... 80 TOWNSHIP Acres Robert Reynolds, cl. A survey, 40( Pierre Menard, cl No.22,1817 Abner Koek.N.E. 3.'i IGO Ap. 28, 1815 Thomas Levens, N.E.31, 100 De. 23, 1817 Isaac Husband, N.W. 30, 100 Ap. 28,1815 Thos. Levens, fr. S.W. 30, 02 Mr. 30, 1810 Caldwell Games, S.E. 36, 100 Total 3-240 8 w. Apr. 28, 1815 Thos. Levens, S E 2.., Dec. 22, 1818 Henry 0'Hara,fl ac.S( rvey .. 400 John Bl.iird (probably Dralrd),cl. and survey 400 Levin Cropper, cl. and Jno. Rice Jones, cl. and survey 400 Peler Menard, cl. & snr., in 5-8 4 6-8 340 P. D. Roberts, el. S sur., in 5-8 A C-8 PiatlieriSmily, cl. . 3300 i .t I 400 llay.l" du Rocher, cl. A sur., in 5-8 ,t 5-0 0102 L. & B. Laderoute, cl. & sur., in 5-8 A 5-9 337 John Edgar, part in 5 A C S.— S A 9 W 002 Wm. Morrison, part in 6 A OS.— 8 A 9 W 040 Apr. 28,1815 Caldwell Carne.=, frac. W2of 1 1S7 Dec. 24, 1817 Isaac Husband, S E of Apr. 28, 1815 Thos. Levens, N E 2.... Jan. 2, 1819 David Lanson, E 2S W 2 Sep. 18, 1819 Peter Smith, N E of 9... Aug. 7, 1819 Jas. Whelan, E 2 N W 9 Sep. 30, 1814 Thos. Levens, N 2 12.... Aug. Ill, 1814 David Fulton, fr. S.2 of 13 195 Aug.29,1815 John Edgar, N. 2 of 14.. 320 Jan. 5, 1818 Jos. H. Orr, S.W 15 160 Oct. 19, 1818 Wm. Steel, pts. of sec- tions IS and 19 302 Oct. 0, 1818 J. 4J. Dunlop,N.E,of 19 160 Dec.l2, 1818 Henry Kinnel, W. 2 N. W. SO 80 Apr. 17, 1815 Amos Paxton, E 2 S.W. TOWNSHIP 5 S. 9 w. — Continued. Monsieur Denegro he Widow Dennyer heirin Widow Hebert heirs . Anloine Riviere, clain 5-9 and 5-10 237 J. B. Boquette heir.s claim and sur. part 5-0 and 5.10 03 Henry Carpenter heirs claim and sur. part 5-8 and .5-10 35 Joseph Hortiz heirs claim and sur. part 5-9 and 5-10..: 42 John Edgar heirs claim and sur. part 5-9 and 5-10 85 Deb. 10, 1818. Samuel LeardS.W. of 1 160 20. 80 June 8, 1818 Edwd. Mudd, W. 2 S W. of 20 80 June 1,1818 Norton Hull, E.2S.W.21 80 May 22, 1818 Thos. Orr, S.E. 21 160 May 1,1815 J. Dodge, S.W. 22 160 Aug.10,1818 James Wilson, N.2of24 294 Sep. 14,1819 John Hathorn,fr. N.-2 of ISli Jan. 9, 1815 Archibald Thompson, fr. S.2 of 2.-, Apr. 29, 1815 Wm.Reclor,parts of sec- tions 34 and 35 Jan. 19, 1815 A. Thompson, parts of sections 'Ad and 30 Joseph Belle part in 5-! Joseph Lamii part i Tola heii Total.. Pierre R. Gidin heirs claim and sur. 79 August Allard heirs claim and sur. 90 lias Jarret heirs claim and sur. 88 George Wiimer heirs claim and sur. 89 Joseph Bellcour heirs claim and sur. 93 Antoine Riviere Heirs claim and sur. Gli9 Jacques Routillet heirs claim and sur. 50 Pierre Le Compte heirs cl. and sur. 280 Andree Barbeau heirs claim and sur. 51 Louis Peareau heirs claim and sur. 60 John Edgar heirs claim and sur. 431 Ambrose A Vasseur hs. cl. and sur. 136 Du Boiher vill»ge sq. hs. cl. and sur 397 R. Robinson and R. Morrison heirs claim and survey 147 Jean B. Boquette heirs claim and sur. 85 Ignace Laroche tieirs claim and sur. 213 TOWNSHIP 6 S. 9 W Acres. John Edgar and J. Murray cl. and Jr. part in 6-9 and 0-9 1677 John Edgar heirs cl. and sur. part in .6-9 and 0-9 : 1589 B. Barbeau heirs claim and sur. part in 6-9 and 6-9 260 P. G. dit Peaureau heirs claim and ar. part in 69 and 0-9 58 August Allard heirs claim and sur. part in .5-9 and C-9 116 A. A L. Lapeur heirs claim and sur. pact in .6-9 and 0-9 309 Louis Pettit heirs claim and sur. part in 5-9 and 6-9 117 Clement Dniry heirs claim and sur. part iu 5-0 and 6-9 241 Saurier Louvier heirs claim and sur. part in 5-9 and 6-9W 481 TOWNSHIP 5 S. 10 W Acres. John Edgar claim and .sur. Island opposite Fort Chartres 1047 Widow Hebert part in Monroe Co... 370 John Edgar part in Monroe Co 260 M. Philebot part iu Monroe Co 142 KECAPITULATION. jands in Randolph county owneil by individuals prior to lli ands 83 . and £ . part 5568 Acres. 151 d 6-9... heirs cl. and sur. 6-9and6-9 192 claim and sur. part in ,6-9 and 0-9 131 A. Roy neirs claim and sur. part in 6.9 and 6-9 373 Jacques Boutillet heirs claim and sur. part in 6-9 and 0-9 117 he sur. part in 5-9 and ( .iutoine de Louvier h* s claim and 258 part in 5-9 and 0-9.. Unappropriated heirs claim and sur. part iu 5-9 and 6-9 105 . 1205 John Edgar, cl. A Timotliy Demonbro claim and survey Not located els. & si Pierre Menard, cl. A Kaskaskia Indians, cl. and survey 443 Jt)s. Person and others, claim and survey . ... 160 Widow La Chapelle, cl. TOWNSHIP 6 S. 8 W. . 7l>84 J as. Mo , cl. A ! Wm. Mcintosh, cl. A sur Heirs Etienne Pevard, clain M.adan nd survey.. Robt. Reynolds.cl. Asl Jas, Kinltaid, cl, A si AntoineBuyat, nl. A si Heirs of B. Richard, vey.. Sr., Antoine Bien cl. and survey Jacob Judy, cl. A sui Jo-. Morrison, cl. Asm Hens of Michael Dan claim and survey Wul■l^^ ToiTongeau, c and survey Wm. Morrison, cl.Asu Antoine La Chapelle, cl. an 1 survey 22 Genevieve Buyat, claim and survey 49 1 Lafaruqtie, cl. and survey, G-S A C-9... : Jos. Tullieur A others, cl. A survey, li-8 A G-9., Nov. 13, 1816 Geo, Fislier, fr, S,W of Nov. 13,1810 Geo, Fisher, fr, N,W. of Nov, 13,1816 Gei June 10, 1816 Jas ction 9 ., Fisher, fr, S, pt, of Sla fr, 8,E, of J, B. Boquette part in Mo Ignaoe Le Grass part in I Joseph Bellccour part iu Total Acre 2004 T" «l,ip ■ W. I 7 - 7 W 18119 W. ,. 13,347 .. 8317 .. 3240 .. 18,824 .. 13,008 TmiHsh-l Township 1. S. 8 W, Township 7 S. 8 W 240 Township 5 S. 9 W 5568 Township G S. 9 W 0448 Township 6 S. 10 W., pt. in Monroe 2911 Total.. . 102,8! o, heir Sept. 30, 1816 A.St. Francis fraction S.E. of 14 101 Sept. 30, 1810 A.St. Franciac , heirs, fraction N.E, of 23 40 Sept. 30, 1816 Jno,Edgar,parts of 23 A 171 Sept, 30,1810 Jas. Slatter, fr. N.E. of 24.. Sept. 30, 1816 Shadrach Bond, fr. pts. of 25 Sept. 30, 1810 Shadrach Bond, fr. pts. of 36 73 IchabetCamp, he Antoine Bienvei] Total 13,000 TOWNSHIP 7 S. 8 W. Menard, claim and survey 240 Total ■■■ 2« TOWNSHIP 5 S. 9 W. Acres. ) and survey 800 1 and survey 715 Town«hip4 S. 5 W Townships S. 5 W Township G S. 6 W Township 7 S. 5 W Township 8 S, 5 W Dship 4 S, 6 W nship 5 S, 6 W 4076 Township G S, 6 W 3087 nship 7 S, GW 2100 nship 8 S, W 304 Township 4 S, 7 W 3218 Township 5 S, 7 W 3042 GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTY IN TERRITORIAL TIMES. The administration of the county in its infancy, from 1795 to 1803, was entrusted to a court of common pleas, organized in 1795, and composed of John Edgar, William Morrison, Pierre Menard, Robert McMahan, George Fisher, John Beaird, Robert Reynolds, Nathaniel Hull, Antoine Louvier, John Grosvenor, James Finney and Samuel Cochran. These gentlemen were territorial or United States justices of the peace, and as such members of the court of common pleas. The minutes of this court could not be found, and so it is impossible to give an account of the earlier transactions, 1795 to 1803. From subsequent minutes it may be inferred, however, that the first " court-house," probably built by Todd in 1779, was not longer inhabitable; that it, together with the lot on which it had been erected, had been sold to William Morrison and Dr. George Fisher, who, in 1803, were dunned by the county officials for balances due by them to the county on account of said purchase. Morrison owed HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 101 a balance of $25 for the lot, aud the Doctor owed $60 for the stone of the court-house. James Dunu, sheritl" prior to 1803, built the first county jail at Kasfeaskia, and received $j70 35 for it July 12,1803. C'onrity Commmionrr.% 1803 to 1809. The first meeting of these oflicers was held July 4, 1803, at the dwelling-house of Robert Morrison, where he and his colleagues, Paul Ha- ralson and James Gilbreath, took the oath of office before John Edgar, Esq., ami then adjourned. Their next meeting was held at the house of Mrs. Turcott. on the 12lh of July, 1803, when William Wilson, county surveyor since 1795, was appointed secretary of the commissioners, in place of Paul Haralson, who had declined to act any longer. (Paul had acted as secretary at the 4th of July meeting, and writ- ten twenty-one words as secretary ) From the minutes of the I'Jth of July, it would appear that William Kelly was the first coroner of the county, for he was then allowed a claim of 8-9.89, for holding an inquest over the body of a man found dead on the Massac road in 1796. The court held their subsequent meetings in the house of Louis Laderout, and paid him 811.50 rent October 18, 1803. The county had been divided into five townships by the court of common pleas, and the county commissioners retained this subdivision. The townships were named Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher, Williamsburg, Mitchie and Springfield. An assessment of personal property was ordered on the 13lh of January, 1894, and the following forces put to work : For Kaskaskia — John Grosvenor and Joseph Pago ; for Mitchie — James McRoberts and William Cliafhu ; for Springfield — William Kelly; for Prairie du Rocher — Nico- las Mya (Meyer), John Evert, Sr., and Prince IJryan. This seems to have been the last term of the county com- missioners' court, as it adjourned " without a day," after allowing wolf-scalp premiums — to John Griffin for 14, Otho Levens and Jonathan Petit for 4 each, John Hornbeck for 2 and Parker Grosvenor, Robert McMahan and Robert Hug- gins for 1 each. The administrative functions of the county were next performed by a court, styled orphans' court, compo.sed of the following justices : Pierre Menard, John Bcaird, George Fisher, Robert Reynolds, Robert McMahan and John Gros- venor, from 1804 to 1808. From minutes kept by this court it would appear that it devoted its atteution to probate busi- ness almost exclusively. Once only, on March 7, 180b, some political measures are mentioned. Same territory of the county, heretofore a wilderness, had gradually been settled and become the home of a few families possessed of " taxable " property, whereu|)on the court deemed it proper to organize tliese parts as townships. The five original townships were retained and the following new ones added : Rocking Cave. — To commence at range Hue 7 east of the 3d principal meridian, running north with said line until it intersec s the county line between Randnlph and St. Clair. Tliis description ij vague. The new township must have comprised the present counties of White, Gallatin, and Har- din, and eastern parts of Hamilton, Saline, and Pope. Massac. — To commence at range line 2 east of the 3d principal meridian; running due north till it strikes Big Muddy river. This township comprised the present coun- ties of Massac, Johnson, and Williamson, also west parts of Hamilton, Saline, and Pope. Mississippi. — To commence on the Mississippi, below Big Muddy, and bounding on Massac township, running to the mouth of the Ohio. This township contained the present counties of Pulaski, Alexander and Union, and southeast part of Jackson. The order for formation of these townships is immediately followed by another, appointing assessors, to wit : Samuel Omelveny for Rocking Cave, Hughes for Mississippi, and f homas Ferguson for Massac. Marie, or Marij. — Springfield township was divided by a line beginning at Colonel Edgar's Ferry, on the Kaskaskia, along the road leading to Harralson's ferry, on the same river, until oppo. ite the house of Thomas Fulton ; thence east to the Vincennes road with the same until it strikes the boundary line of Knox county. Scraps from the records of the period, 1795 to 1809. — The first official mentioning of the name of Randolph county is found in a record of deeds, when, November 7, 1795, Lewis Germain and Mary his wife, of Kaskaskia, Randolph coi.nty, in the Territory of the United States west of the River Ohio, sold to William Mclutosh a one-sixth interest in a tract of land at a place called the Big Spring, near the road from Kaskaskia to Prairie du Rocher, about six miles from Kaskaskia, containing in front 12 acres, and 90 acres deep, between Pierre Lauglois and John Edgar, for twenty dollars. The prices at which lands sold in those times are very irregular. 400-acre head rights were sold at from thirty to two hundred dollars, and were frequently paid for in goods at enormous prices. Militia rights, 100 acres, brought from six to fourteen dollars; other donation rights sold at similar rates, while the so-called improvement rights were seldom sold for less than fifty cents per acre. The largest land sale made in those days was that of Pierre and Therese Menard to Charles Choquier and John Holmes of Baltimore, wherein, for the sum of $9,000, nine thousand two hundred aud thirty-three and one-third acres were conveyed February 12, 1799. Menard's lands thus sold consisted of twenty-one and one third head of family rights, of 400 acres each ; and seven militia rights, of 100 acres each. His profits must have been considerable. Lardner Clark sold his mill, distillery, dwelling-house, and "gardens." situated east of the Kaskaskia river, to John Edgar for S20 50, November 10, 1798. John Edgar had apparently monopolized the purchasing of lands, the de- serijition of which fills 172 consecutive pages iu the land records of the county. Marriages recorded during said period. Nichola Jarrot and Marie C. Barbun, Sept. 22. 1795 — solemnized bv Gabriel Richard. Curate of St. Joseph of Prairie du Rocher. Joseph Danguiue and Marie Reine Filet, Sept. 29 1795 — by the same. Antoine C. LaChance and Jeanne Felicitee d'Amour Louviere, Nov. 9. 1795 — by same. Antoine d'Amour Louviere and JIarie Louise Lang- lois, Feb. 8. 1796— by same. Louis Allaire and Magdalene 102 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Degagnee, Feb. 5. 1796, by "Janin," Curate at Kaskaskia. Alexis Paquin and "Archangel", April 21. 1796 by same. Joseph Devigne and Julie Godin Tourangeau, Nov. 8. 1795, by same. Joseph Langlois and Marie B. D. Toulons, Oct. 27. 1796. J. B. Perrin and Marguarete Grannon, Nov. 14, 1796, Joseph Sylvain and MarianeNuillier Devignie, Feb 28. 1797. Etienne L'Anglois and Cecile Candere, January 23. 1798. Francois L'Anglois and Marie Godin, Joseph Blai and Marianne Lavone— same day by Gabriel Richard Curate. The estate of Louis La Sand deceased was put under ad- ministration on the 20th of November 1795, when his will, dated Prairie du Eocher June 23. 1790, was proved. The will is void of interest. The personal property consisted in 6 cows, valued from 15 to 20 dollars each, 1 yoke of steersi 60 dollars, 10 head of young cattle, valued from 7 to 12 dollars each, 3 horses, valued 40 dollars each. The common law cases adjudicated during the period, although quite numerous, are without any special interest, and criminal cases there are none, except now and then an assault and battery or liquor case, as for instance the Indict- ment and fine of Ephraim Carpenter, innkeeper at Kaskas- kia, who had sold liquor without license — in defiance of law and to the evil example — for which misdemeanor he paid a fine of five dollars and costs. The election returns of that period h;.ve not been pre- served. From documents preserved in the sister county St. Clair, it appears that Shadrach Bond of Randolph defeated Isaac Darneille of Cahokia [St. Clair] for "a representative for to be sent to the General Assembly of the Territorry," at an election held in January 1799. Another election, after the organization of the territory of Indiana, held on the 7th of December 1802, to elect three representatives to go to Vincennes and there to meet the convention to be held there on the 20. of December for the purpose of sending our grievances to Congress, resulted in the election of Shadrach Bond sr., Jean Fran9ois Perry and John Murdock. May 21. 1805, Shadrach Bond, sr., was elected representative to the territorial legislature of Indiana, and becoming a member of the legislative council [senate] resigned in 1806, when Shadrach Bond, jr., his nephew wa« elected to fill this va- cancy. He was reelected in the following year, remaining a representative of Randolph county until Illinois waa formed into a separate territory. The officers of the county during this period have been mentioned above. The dates of their commissions could not be ascertained. The sheriffs of that period were James Dunn, 1795 to 1800, George Fisher from 1800 to 1803, James Edgar 1803 to 1805 and James Gilbreath from 1805 to 1807. Robert Morrison was clerk of the court (.f quarter sessions. William Wilson was county surveyor from 1795 to 1808, William Kelley coroner 1795 to 1808 and Lardner Clark recorder of deeds. The organization of the territory of Illinois, February 3. 1809 gave cause to a reorganization of the two counties then existing, St. Clair and Randolph, which was done by proclamation as follows : Apbil 28, 1809. Nathaniel Pope, Secretary of the Territory of Illinois, and exercising the government thereof. By virtue of the power vested in the Governor for the prevention of crimes, injuries, and for the execution of process, civil and criminal, within the territory, I have thought proper, and by this proclamation, to divide the Illinois territory into two counties to be called the county St. Clair and the county of Randolph. The county of Randolph shall include all that part of -the Illinois Territory lying south of the line dividing the counties of Randolph and St. Clair, as it existed under the govern, ment of the Indiana Territory on the last day of February in the year one thousand eight hundred and nine, — and the county of St. Clair shall include all that part of the Territory which lies north of said line. Done at Kaskaskia, the 28th day of April, 1809, and of the Independence of the United States, the thirty-third. Nat. Pope. The territory of the county remained the same as heretofore. The population of the county, 1103 in 1800, had now increased to about 7000. (The United States Census of 1810 gave the county then a population of 7275.) The people were scattered over a vast area, but fully one-half of the total population were located at Kas- kaskia and its vicinity. A reorganization of the county government took place on the 3d of July, 1809, when William Arundel, Philip Fouke and John Edgar, Esquires, Justices of the Peace, with William C. Greenup as clerk, and Benjamin Stephenson as sheriff, assembled at the house of Thomas Cox and " held court." 1809 TO 1819. In reading and examining the proceedings of the first courts of various and diverse counties the writer observed that the licensing of taverns is the first step usually taken. The absolute want of public funds in all these new bodies politic must have compelled the authorities to grantthose licenses as the easiest and quickest mode of obtaining a "revenue." And thus the records again show that Philip Fouke was licensed as innkeeper at Kask^kia, taxed $12.00 per annum, and, being a man of " good character and reliable withall," he was excused from giving the usual bond; he was allowed to charge as follows: breakfast, 25 eta., dinner 37 i cts., supper 25 cts., lodging 12i cts., horse to hay at night 25 cts., corn or oats 12* cts. per gallon, French brandy, 50 cts. per half pint; whiskey, 12i cts. J taffia or rum, 37* ; peach brandy or cherry bonnie, 25 cts. William Morrison was licensed to keep a ferry from opposite the "Little Rock" across the Mississippi, and allowed to charge the following rates : four-horse team, $3.00 ; two-horse team, $2 50 ; two-wheel carriages, with a pair of horses or oxen, $2.00 ; with single horse or ox, $1.75 ; man and horse, 62 J cts. ; single horse, 50 cts. ; single person, 25 cts; "plunder," 12V cts. per 100 lbs.; neat cattle per head, 50 cts ; hogs or sheep, 12* cts ; and planks, 25 cts. per 100 feet. The Kaskaskia ferry rates were lower, to wit: Single person above 77 years of age, 6i cts.; man and horse, 12* cts.; single horse, 6i cts. ; cart and oxen or horses, 25 cts ; wagon and team, 50 cts. ; grown cattle, 61^ HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY' COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 103 eta ; cattle under two years of age, sheep or hogs, 3i cts. each. The labors of the county court were performed by justices of the peace, three of whom would form a quorum, until January, 1810. A territorial law, pa.ssed December 22d, 1809, created county courts, to be composed of three judges who were appointed by the governor. Before pro- ceeding further we would here introduce a LIST OF TOWNSHIP OFFICERS — IS09. Justices of the Peace. — The early Justices of the Peace held their offices by appointment, and it was not until 182" that the people were deemed competent to elect their town- ship judicial officers. The general view on the subject seems to have been that the dignity of the " Squire " would be or was in danger of being lowered by the vulgarity of elec- tions. The governor of the territory appointed the justices at the suggestion of the county commissioners, or " at will," and the commissions issued to those dignitaries smack of monarchical origin, his excellency the governor using the plural number of the personal pronoun when referring to his own persou. The following gentlemen seem to have acted as justices in 1809: Philip Fouke, William Arundel, Henry Levens, Pierre Le Coute, P. Harralson, David Anderson, Jean B. Bar- beau, Robert Gaston, Archibald Thompson, John Guithing, John Edgar, James M. Roberts, John McFerron, John Bradshaw, i^amuel Omelvany, George Robinson, George Hacker, Jas. Lemon, Thomas Ferguson, Hamlet Ferguson, John Phelps, and Marion Fuller. Overseers of the Poor. — Ralph Drury, John Evert fur Mitchie ; Clement Drury, Pierre Le Conte, fur Du Rocher; John Gibson, A. Langlois, for Kaskaskia ; Joseph Clen- denin, Henry Leven, for Williamsburg ; John Beaird, Paul Heilston, for Springfield; George Hecker (Hacker), and Squire Green for Mississippi ; Hamlet Ferguson and Fred- erick Grater for Massac ; James Ford and Samuel Omel- vany for Rocking Cave. Overseers of the Highways. — Jesse Reynolds for Mitchie, Pierre Auguste for Du Rocher, Jesse Griggs for Kaskaskia, Thomas Levin for Williamsburg, James Hughes for Spring- field. For the newly organized townships Rocking Cave, Massac, and Mississippi, no appointments were made. Constable''. — Jesse Griggs and Samuel Davis for Kaskas- kia ; Michael Masterson for Mitchie; John Langston for Mississippi ; Joseph M. Courtney for Marie ; Autoin Le Chance for Du Rocher; James Laird, Springfield. Licensed Taverns in 1809. — Pierre IjC Compte, at Prairie du Rocher ; Philip Fuuke, at Kaskaskia ; Thomas C x, at Kaskaskia; Jonathan Taylor, at the United States Saline ; James Truesdale, on the road leading from U. S. Saline to Shawneetown ; James Lane, do. do. The first county court of Randolph county, composed of the Worshipful Philip Fouke, William Arui-del and John McFerron, met at the tavern of Thomas Cox on the 4th of January, 1810, and proceeded immediately to levy a tax for the county and also a territorial tax on lands located. The county tax levy was as follows : Each single man, not having one hundred dollars' worth of taxable property, was assessed one dollar ; owners of slaves had to pay for each slave one dollar per year ; horses were taxed fifty cents and neat cattle ten cents each ; each mansion valued at two hundred dollars or more, all mills and distilleries, were assessed at the rate of thirty cents per one hundred dollars valuation. The numerous ferrries were also a source of revenue, and the year 1810 saw the following ferries licensed, to wit : Ephraim Carpenter, William Cheek, John Edgar, Pierre Menard, James Ford, each ten dollars ; Ham- ilton Ferguson at seven dollars ; James Fulton and William Mirrison eac'i at six dollars ; Charles Bradley, Louis Baor- ke, Thomas Ferguson, John Robinson, RichanI and Waller, each five dollars; Jonathan Hampton at four dollars; John Morris, James McHorton and John May, each three dollars. The revenue of the county derived from these levies was small, as the land taxes proper were collected for maintain- ing the territorial government only. From a settlement mentioned in the county records of August term 1809, it ap- pears that the county revenue for the years 1807 and 1808, the collection of which was entrusted to sheriff James Gil- breath, amounted to §1,593.18, of which S944.97 had been collected and accounted for, while §213.50 of the revenue of 1807 and §435.71 of the revenue of 1808 were re- turned delinquent. The sherifl^s of those days had a hopeless task to perform in collecting a few hundred dollars of taxpavers, whose homes were scattered through all the territory between the Misaissisippi, the Wabash and the Ohio, nor is it to be wondered at that nearly every one is accused of being in default. The expenses of those infant counties, though insignificant in the whole, invariably ex- ceeded the revenue, and sufficed scarcely to defray court expenses, rent of rooms and salaries of officers; improve- ment of roads and buHding of bridges was out of the ques- tion; but let it be said in honor of those pioneers, that they contrived to find means to aid the poor and helpless. We mention here that the authorities in 1809 paid Thomas Cox 8144 a year for keeping Thomas Branham, a blind man. Thus it is shown that about ode-sixth of the whole revenue was expended in support of one unfortunate fellow being! In extreme cases the aid of the territorial government was extended to the helpless, as for instance in the case of Julian Bart, who had been drafted to serve a tour of duty as a militiaman during the past summer, and while in service and obeying the orders of his officer, was shockingly wounded, having one arm shot off and the other broken in different places, his body lacerated and his eyesight greatly injured, and now lies in a most distressed situation in the town of St. Louis, dependent on the bounty of a poor family ; and whereas it would be cruel to permit him to linger out a miserable existence, rendered so in the service of his coun- try, without the support which it is able to aflford hira, therefore it is ordered by the governor that the auditor draw warrants for such sums of money as may from time to 104 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES. ILLINOIS. time become necessary for the support of said Julian Bart, and to provide for his removal from St. Louis to Kaskaskia, his home, etc , etc." Bart was soon after put on the U. 8. pension list. PROCEEDINGS IN COURTS OF JUSTICE. Before reciting some interesting criminal cases during territorial times, it may be proper to introduce here a brief sketch of TERRITORIAL LAWS. We will allude to some features of the territorial code, which may give an idea to the reader of the progress and amelioration attained in criminal jurisprudence and the punishment for debt. Thus in the punishment of crimes, both felonies and misdemeanors, the barbarous practices of whipping on the bare back, confinement in stocks, standing in the pillory, and branding with hot irons were the penal- ties frequently prescribed ; besides fines, imprisonment and loss of citizenship. These summary modes of chastisement grew in part out of the condition of the country. It was but sparsely settled, the people were poor, they had no general prison or penitentiary, and the few jails were so insecure as to present scarcely any barrier to the escape of prisoners. Whipping upon the bare back, besides other punishments at the option of the court, was prescribed in burglary or robbery, 39 stripes; in perjury, larceny, the receiving of stolen goods, and obtaining goods by fraudulent pretenses, 31 stripes ; horse stealing, first offence, from 50 to lOU lashes ; hog stealing from 25 to 39 lashes ; altering and defacing marks or brands on domestic animals at large, 40 lashes " well laid on"; bigamy, punished with from 100 to 300 stripes ; for sodomy, from 100 to 500 lashes were prescribed ; forcibly taking away a female to marry against her consent was declared a felony and might be punished by whipping ; children or servants for disobedience, might upon complaint and conviction before a justice, be whipped not exceeding 10 stripes. Fines were collected from those unable to pay by the sheriff hiring or selling them to any one who would pay the fine and costs for such terms as the court might deem reasonable, and if the delinquent should abscond, the penalty was double the term of servitude and 39 stripes. Standing in pillory was prescribed, in addition to other penalties, in perjury, forgery, and the altering or defacing of brands or marks on domestic animals. For this last offense, on second conviction the culprit was to have the letter T branded in the left hand with a red hot iron. To prevent the common crime of killing stock running on the range, every one, including the owners; was required to exhibit the ears of hogs or hides of cattle, killed, to a magis- trate or two freeholders within three days under a penalty of 810.00. For aiding the escape of a convict, the punish- ment was the same as that of the culprit, except in capital cases, when stripes, standing in pillory or sitting on the gal- lows with the rope adjusted about the neck, at the option of the court was the penalty. Besides in treason and murder, the penalty of death by hanging was pronounced against arson and rape, and horse-stealing on second conviction. For selling intoxicating liquors to Indians, slaves, apprentices and minors, severe penalties were enacted. For disorderly behavior at divine worship and hunting on the Sabbath, penalties by fines were prescribed. In 1810 a law was adopted to suppress dueling which made the fatal result of a duel murder, including the aiders, abettors or counselors as principals in the crime. In regard to the collection of debts the principles of the common law favored the creditor. All the property of the debtor, both real and personal, without any humane features as to exemption, might be levied upon and sold under exe- cution. The sale was absolute, no time of redemption. If the laud failed to sell for .want of bidders, it was the judg- ment creditor's right, at his option, to take it absolutely at the appraised value made by 12 jurors. But this was not all. If the property was insuffiiient to pay the judgment, the body of the debtor might be seized and cast into prison. Here he would be allowed the prison bounds, extending 200 yards from the jail in any direction, on condition only of giving bonds in double the sum of the debt, not to depart ttierefrom. The territorial revenue was raised by a tax upon lands. Those situated in the river bottems of the Mississippi, Ohio and Wabash, were called 1st class land and taxed at the rate of SI. 00 on every 100 acres; uplands were called 2d class lauds, and were taxed at the rate of 75 cents per 100 acres. Uulocated, but confirmed land claims were taxed at the rate of 37 J cts. per 100 acres. The county revenue was raised chiefly by a tax upon personal property, including slaves or indentured servants, not to exceed SI each. The only real property taxed for county purposes was lots and houses in towns, mausion houses in the country worth 8200 and upwards, mills and distilleries. There was levied also a capitation tax of $1.00 on every able-bodied single man of 21 years and over. Tavern keepers, merchants and owners of ferries were licensed at from S3 to S15 per annum. Horses and cattle were taxed by the head, not exceeding 50 and 10 cents respectively — not according to value, as at present. The entire territorial revenue, between the 1st of Novem- ber, 1811, and the 8th of November, 1814, was reported by the legislative committee on finance, in 1814, to be S4,875 45. But of this amount only 82,516.89 had actually been paid into the treasury ; the balance, nearly half, — 823,58,50 re- mained in the hands of delinquent sheriffs. The delinquen- cies of sherifls in their capacity as collectors of the revenues, remained a curse to Illino's, not only during its territorial existence, but for many years after it became a State.* The courts established in 1779 by the county lieutenant were superseded by Governor Arthur St. Clair in 1790, and three judicial districts established to wit : Kaskaskia, Judge John Edgar; Prairie du Kocher, Judge Jean Baptiste Bar- beau, and Cahokia, Judge John De Moulin. After the or- *These delinquencies of sheriffs as collectors of revenue are to be excused. The compensation of the officers, 10 percent, of amounts collected, would for the whole territory amount to $487.50 if all the revenue were collected. There were then 2 sheriffs, and if they had taken the pains of calling on each tax- payer in their respectivi districits, their travelling expenses would have ab sorbed twice the amount of their prospective compensation. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 105 ganization of the territory of Illinois, the whole territory formed one judicial circuit until 1818. The judges during this period were Obadiah Jones, Alexander Stuart and Jesse B, Thomas, appointed March 7, 1809. Stuart resigned in March, 1810, and was succeeded by Stanley Griswold. William Sprigg was appointed July 29, 1813, and Thomas Fowles October 28, 1815, and reappointed January 16, 1816. This General Court of the Illinois Territory held its first term at Kaskaskia on 12th day of Sej)tember, 1809. Pre- sent: The Honorable Judges Alexander Stuart, Obadiah Jones, Jesse B. Thomas. The names of the grand jurors were : Isaac White, foreman ; Samuel Cochran, William Simp- son, William Daniels, John Manis, John Hibbins, William Chaffin, John Worley, Ephraim Bilderback, Josiah Cox, Jacob Bowerman, William Stiles, John Murphy, John Phelps, Thomas Griflin, Samuel Omelvany, James Steele, Gershora demons, Alexander Blair, William Alexander, John Bradshaw and Owen Evans. The grand jury thus assembled had a vast amount of labor before them. The most interesting case was that of The Uuited States versu* James Dunlap, a physician at Kaskas- kia, and Michael Jones, "gentleman," also of Kaskaskia. Before going into the details of the indictment and subse- quent trial, a few words should be said in reference to inci dents preceding the indictment. Rice Jones, son of the well-known John Rice Jones first lawyer of Illinois, had had difficulties of a political nature with several gentlemen at Kaskaskia, and in consequence a duel between him and Shadrach Bond had been arranged. The parties met on an island between Kaskaskia and St. Genevieve. When the principals had taken positions and the word was about to be given, Jones' pistol went off by accident. Dr. James Dunlap, Bond's second, claimed that it was Jones' fire, and that Bond might now fire at Jones; 'but Bond, the chivalrous and high-hearted Marylauder, dis- dained doing so; in fact, the duel ended right there and the controversy was amicably settled on the spot. The incident gave rise to a bitter quarrel between Rice Jones and Dr. James Dunlap, who was urged on by Michael Jones and others to persecute Jones in every way imaginable. The threats against Rice Jones' life had become verv loud towards the close of the year 1808, so that John Rice Jones saw proper to address the following note to Elija Bachus : K.\sKASKrA, Nov. 25, 1808. Sir— I have just heard of your threats of yesterday, that if my son did not go out of the country, he should in a few days be put out of existence— "i< will he done, it ahnll be done." I now inform you that he will remain hfre, and if he should be murdered either by you or through your insti- gation, I shall know where to apply. I must, however, con- fess that the threats of poltroons can be considered in no other light than as those of assassins. Yours, John Rice Jones. On the 7tli day of December, 1808, while Rice Jones was standing in the streets of Kaskaskia, in conversation with a lady, Dr^ Dunlap stole up behind him and shot him dead with a pistol. This murder created great excitement in the community, and Duulap had to flee the country. The grand jury J after bringing in an indictment against Dr James Dunlap for murder, also indicted Michael Jones, " gentleman," because he did, on the 6th of December, 1808, incite, move, abet, etc, feloniously and with malice afore- thought, the said James Dunlap to commit the crime of murder. The prosecuting attorney, B. H. Doyle, obtained the con- sent of court for a continuance of the trial on the affidavit of Archibald IMcKnabb, an important witness, being sick and unable to attend court. A continuance was granted, and Michael Jones, who had insisted on a speedy trial, was admitted to bail in the sum of S3,000. His securities were John McFerron, Shadrach Bond, Jr., Thomas Leavens, Henry Leavens, Henry Connor and Samuel Cochran — all of the best people of the county, the f. f. of Randolph. Michael Jones was tried on the 10th of April, 1810, before a jury composed of William Rector, Paul Harralson, Thomas Wideraan, William McBride, John Anderson, George Franklin, David Anderson, John McFerron, Henry Connor, George Creath, Jacob Funk and James Fulton. It will be observed that two of his bondsmen, McFerron and Connor, were members of the jury that tried Jones' case. Michael Jones was acquitted, but the court exonerated the ''prosecutor" (John Rice Jones?) from paying the costs, as there were probable grounds for preferring the indict- ment. Another Murder (Use. — James McGlaughlin, indicted for the murder of Thomas McGlaughlin, was tried on the 13th iif September, 1809, before the following jury: John An- dersoii, Robert Hill, Thomas Stubblefield, John McFerron, Joseph McCourtney, John Howell, Robert Penny, Thomas Leavens, William. Evert, Thomas Fulton, William Dees and Robert Huggin, who brought in a verdict of guilty, where- upon the court sentenced James McGlaughlin to be hung on the 23d day of September, 1809, in or near Kaskaskia. The writer could not ascertain if the execution took place or not. Two others, Robert Hays, " yeoman," and Jesse Canada, " laborer," indicted for the murder of Thomas Allen, were tried and acquitted. John Boren, " laborer," indicted by the same grand jury for clubbing Samuel Billingsley to death Nov. 20, 1808, aa also Hosea Boren, for aiding John, had their cases con- tinued and were nolle jiros. April 10, 1810. Sever.il grievous cases of assault and battery were tried and ended in the conviction of the fighters, who had to pay pretty heavy fines, from 12 to 60 dollars. Francis King, indicted for breaking into and burglarizing the store of James Wilson, was tried by a jury and found guilty whereupon the sheriff was ordered to take King Francis to some " convenient" spot and there give him " 39 lashes on his bare back, well laid on." Moses Canada and John Gibson, indicted for stealing " one gelding of a black color" from sheriff Stephenson, were acquitted. Nelson Rector, the old surveyor, had had '■ difficultiea with Benjamin H. Doyle (U S. Attorney), and had admin- 106 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. istered a terrible cudgeling to him on the first of June, 1809. The grand jury could not ignore this outrage, and so we read on the records of that term : Nelson Rector, surveyor, being a person of a terrible, cruel, fierce and inhumane disposition, and wickedly having in his heart rank malice and ill will towards Benjamin H. Doyle, on the 1st of June 1809, did beat the said Doyle with a round stick or cudgel, cruelly and barbarously, striking him diverse, terrible, grievous and dangerous blows upon the head and hands, to the manifest danger of life, etc. Kector had the case continued, and on the 10th of April, 1810, confessed the allegations charged against him in the indictment, and put himself upon the mercy of the court, who fined him $60.00 and costs. Doyle was not satisfied with this sentence, and now brought suit against Rector for • damages. In his declaration he stated that Rector felled him to the floor with a blow of the cudgel, and then continued beating him mercilessly until he left him for dead, etc., etc. The case was subsequently dismissed, Rector paying costs. It is somewhat strange that neither the grand jury nor the petit jury had any French among them, but it also should be stated that no French names are to be found among those indicted. PROBATE COURT. 1809. William C. Greenup, clerk of the county court, trans- acted the probate business of the county on his own responsibility. The entries made on the records are not in chronological order. The first one, dated July 9th, 1810, has reference to the estate of Jean B. Godfrey, deceased, and grants letters of administration to Louis Buatt in the following language : William C. Greenup, clerk of the county court of Ran- dolp to Louis Buatt, Greeting : Whereas, Jean Baptiste Godfrey, late ef this county, deceased, died intestate as it is said, /do therefore give and grant unto you full power and authority to administer, etc., etc. The estate of said Godfrey, consisted in a sorrel horse three years old, valued at $20.00, and one arpent of land in front extending from the bluff to the Mississippi, lying in the big prairie below Prairie du Recher, and was appraised at $60 00 by Jean Baptiste Gendron and John Doyle. Then comes an inventory of the estate of John Beaird, dated March 13th, 1809. Beaird must have been farming extensively ; the inventory mentions seventeen horses, worth from $45 to $100 each, two yoke of oxen, wagons, plows, six sets of harness, etc., a "mulatto negro" worth $350, and a black boy worth $250. Prices paid at the sale : Corn, ten cents per bushel, one barrel of pork, $10.00, one half dozen of pewter plates, $2.50. The negro boy " Berry " was sold to John Beaird, Jr., for $450, the other brought only $225. Mrs. Elizabeth Worley paid $120 for a bay mare ; twenty acres of wheat in the field brought $65, and a pot trammel $4.25 ; cows sold for nine, ten and twelve dollars, but a "muUey" brought $13. 15, purchased by Monsieur Archambeau; one yoke of oxen sold for $60.00 and the other for $17.50. The sale amounted to $2,273.20. On page twenty-five of said record is found the following will, which was in all probability drawn up by some justice, who had but recently written out a deed. Illinois Territory, ) Randolph County, j Know all men by these presents, that I, Isaac Allen of said county, being in a low state of health but yet in my right mind, do render ray soul to God, and my estate to my wife and children in the following manner, and this is my last will and testament to stand against all other previous to this. And I do hereby appoint John Anderson and David Anderson of this county my executors, and I do hereby bequeath unto my wife, Rutb, one black mare about thirteen years old and two colts, one a yearling and the other a spring colt, one bay horse about six years old, and all the neat cattle except steers; about thirty head of hogs, and all the household furniture, and all the corn in the cribbs and the land, and all the rest of the property to be sold on the 15th of October, at twelve months credit, ray wife Ruth to have a child's part of the vendue money, the other property which I have bequeathed to her, is to be for the use of her and the children while she remains a widow. This I acknowledge to be my last will and tfstament, in witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 19th day of May, 1810. Isaac-Allen. The testator seemed to have been sure of his early demise, inasmuch as he fixed the day of sale, nor was he mistaken, for the records show, that the will was probated on the 23d of June, 1810. ESTATES PUT UNDER ADMINISTRATION FROM 1809 TO 1818. Jean B. Godfroy, Ambrose Vasseur, Jean B. Barbeau, James Davis, Isaac Allen, Charles Burk, Joseph Danie, Nelson Montgomery, Henry Bowers, Margareta Cochon, Nathan Dever, Moses Stephans, Israel Bailey, Samuel Liv- ering, Abel Dewey, Isaac Baker, Robert Robinson, Elijah Bachus, Pelage Danie, Moses Harrisoii, Jesse Reynor, Henry Laughlio, Wra. McGlaughlin, James Anderson, James McNabb, John Lively, John Robinson, Francis Gar- ner, James Smith, Clement Drury, Elijah Benton, Joseph Lavoy, John Hicks, John Wooten, Joseph Laflambuis, Catharine Page Gasper Butcher, Samuel Wilson, John Fisher, Gregory Codel, John Mansker, James Fulton, John R. McGlaughlin, Michel D St. Pierre. William Arundel, Robert Gas'on, Samuel Blakely, Nicholas G. R. Rhea, James Edgar, Blissftt de Rouse, Samuel Vermillion, Eliza- beth Septante, and John Hochersmith. William C. Greenup attended to all the probate business of the county until August 6, 1821, when Hon. Curtis Conn appears as judge of probate of Randolph county. David J. Baker, succeeded Curtis Conn on the 24th of August, 1827. Dwight Hunt, probate judge, from March 7, 1831 to May 16, L31. During his brief administration the Will of JohnEdgab was probated. This will was drawu up in the handwriting HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUXTIES, ILLIXOIS. 107 of Elias Kent Kaue, the seoator, and was also witnessed by him, James L. Lamb, and Patrick KSvenaugh. The will is dated Septr. 4, 182:>. Ttie coutents of the will are as follows: In the name of God, Amen. I, John Edgar, of Kaskaskia, in the state of Illinois, being sick in body, but of sound mind, memory and discretion, knowing the uncertainty of life and the certainty of death, have made this ray last will and tes- tament, and do hereby declare and will as follows: Item first: Whereas on the 25th day of November in the year 1S23, I executed in contemplation of my late marriage with my dear wife Eliza, to the said Eliza a bond in the penal sum of 820,000, conditioned for securing to the said Eliza over and above her dower, the sum of $10,50(1, now therefore for the purpose of satisfying and fully complying with the conditions of said bond, and in order to provide a suitable maintenance and support for my said wife Eliza, I do hereby devise and bequeath to my said wife in full property and domain the house wherein I now reside, in the village of Kaskaskia. together with the lots adjoining the same and together with all my household furniture, I also for the same purpose give and bequeath to my said wife my mills, distillery and ferry on the East side of the Kaskaskia, together with all the lands belonging to and adjoining the same. Also my tract of land below the village of Kaskas- kia in the Common field of said village; also ray tract of land on the East side of the Kaskaskia river, called the gar- rison hill tract, in fee simple and full domain ; I also give to my said wife all my stock of cattle, hogs and other stock. Ittm Stfcond. — I do further will, that my debts be paid out of the remainder of my property. Il'iii Ihinl. — After all my just debts *hall have been paid, I do will and bequeath al the rest and residue of ray estate, real, personal and mixed, whether in possession, in action or in expectancy, to my said wife Eliza, to have and to hold the same absolutely in her own right forever. Item Fourth. — I do further hereby name and appoint my said wife Eliza sole executrix of this mj- last will and testa- ment, and that she be not required to give any security for the administration of my estate in any shape whatever, etc Jiimes Th'trnp^on, Probate Judge from May 16, 1831, to April 27, 1837, from aud after which day the judge signed his name as probate justice of the peace. He remained in office until after the adoption of the Constitution of 1848, when he was superceded by Hon. John Campbell, first county judge of Randolph county. .SLAVERY IS RASDOLPH COUNTY. Readers may wonder at this caption. Slavery in Illinois I AVhy, the very ordinance of Congress creating the territory northwest of the river Ohio, decreed that neither slavery nor invoAutary servitude shouhl exist in it. How, then, could thtt institution be established? The fact is, that the ordi- nance of July 13, 1787, found slavery in this us well as in other parts of the vast territory. The first slaves were brought to Illinois by Antoine Crozat and his followers about the year 1713. King Louis XIV. of France had, on the 14th of September, 1712, granted to said Crozat letters patent to the vast regions extending from Upjjer Canada to the (.iulf of Mexico. Crozat arrived in 1713, and commenced mining operations in the vain hope of finding precious metals. Ilis followers were suflTering with climatic diseases, and therefore a number of blacks were im- ported from the French West India Islands. Crozat's ex- ploits, however, failed entirely, and he returned to France in 1717, surrendering bis patents to the crown. Frantjois Renault (properly Renaud), manager of the affairs of a company of adventurers, .sent out by the " Com- pany of the Indies," to whom the royal domain refused by Crozat had been granted in 1719, brought 500 negro slaves to Illinois, landing them at the site of the "ancient village of St. Phdip." His contract stipulated that he should bring at least six thousand whites and three thousand blacks to Illinois within tweuty-five years from the date of his grant (1719). By the condition of the peace of Paris, February 10, 1763> the territory was ceded to England, and on taking possession of it in 17G4, General Gage, commander in chief of the English troops in America and governor, issued aproclama. tion in the name of the crown of England, December 30, 1764, in which all the rights and privileges heretofore en- joyed by the then inhabitants of the ceded territories were guaranteed to them. Sieur Stirling, captain of the High- land Regiment brought this proclamation to Kaskaskia in person. Virginia in her turn [1779] readily guaranteed to the inhabitants of the conquered territories all their prior rights and titles of whatsoever description, and when the old Commonwealth ceded and deeded the territory to the United States, the rights and privileges etc. were guaranteed again bv the latter. Hence it was afterwanls strenuously con- tended that the famous ordinance of 1787, prohibiting slaverv conflicted with the deed of cession and was therefore not binding in efl'eet, as slavery had legally and legitimately existed in the territory. This view, however was not taken by the judicial authori- ties of the territory at the earlier period as will appear more fully from the following proceeding and order of court of Sept. 1798. It appears that a certain negro, formerly a slave, had found his way into the territory aud that his case was taken into court, in order to make a test case of it. Guy, the negro in question ajjpeared before his honor. Judge John ClevesSymmes at Kaskaskia on the ■22d of September, 1798, when the following proceedings were had. Guy in making his application for certificate of freedom subscribed the fol- lowing affidavit, to wit : Guv, a negro man aged about .SO years who being duly sworn according to law deposeth and sayeth that he formerly lived with and belonged to Adam Lawrence of North Caro- lina who moved to and settled on Green River in 1793, and that his master and "him" agreed, that he [Guy] and his wife, also a slave of said Lawrence, should stay with him until they had made 1000 bushels of corn for him, but that after having raised and delivered 750 bu.-hels of corn on lauds first cleared by them, his master sold him to one Robert Mitchell of Massac who had come to his masters house with 108 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. a load of lead, and that his master got into a great frolic and was drunk for sorae days, in which time said Blitchell had bought hiin [Guy] and his wife. Said Mitchell had then taken them to Fort Massac, promising never to sell them, and to set them free if they would clear off a piece of land [five acres] during the fall and winter and then plant it in corn and tend it well during the summer. In consequence of these promises, he had gone to work clearing the land, when all at once Mitchell had sold him and wife to one Nealy, bound to the Spanish dominion ; that they first re- fused to go, but as he knew they were too strong for him, and could bind him and take him by force, he consented to go, though determined to leave the boat if he could. The boat had landed 20 miles below Fort Massac during the night, when he and his wife made their escape, and after great difficulties and many sufferings and hardships he and his wife had arrived at the town of Kaskaskia in the county of Randolph. On the 22d. of Sept. 1798, the court there upon entered the following order : Guy's Freedom Papers. Territory of the United States } ^ ., Northwtstof the Ohio River ) Be it remembered that on this 24th day of September, 1798, Guy, a negro man, and Abigail, his wife, being both severally brought before the subscriber, one of the Judges of the Territory, when they alleged, that by the Ordinance creating the government of said territory, there can be no such condition as slavery, therefore that the said Guy and Abigail, his wife, of right are and ought to be free, and the subscriber having maturely considered the premises does adjudge the said negro man, Guy, as well as his wife, Ahig&il, citizens of the United States, and that they ought of right to enjoy all and every privilege and franchise with relation to their personal liberty and protection of property, unmolested, subject only to the laws of the land. And all persons are hereby advised and forewarned not to invade or annoy the entire freedom of the said Guy and Abigail, which Inj this record is ahsu'ufe. Given under the hand and seal of John Cleves Symmes, at Kaskaskia, the day above written. John Cleves Symmes. All honor to the Judge! * * MANVMISMON IN 1700. Geoi-gG Morg.Tn, one of His Majesty's justices of the peace for the country of the Illinois, took the acknowledgment of one "Antoine Renand" to the followint; docnment .nft?r having fully explained the contents thereof to him, in the Frtuch languiise, to wit : To all people to whom these presents .«hall come, Antoine Eennud, of Kasliaski.T vill:ii;f, in Iho country of the Illinois, yeoman, sends greeting. Whereas the .«r>iil Antoine Rcnaud is now iu actual possession of a certain negress slave named Ton Ton, and, whereas, for causes and considerations hereinafter recited, he is very desirous that the said negress shall no longer remain in bondage as a slave to him, or any other person or persona whatsoever. Now, know ye tliat the said Antoine Renaid, in consideration of the great and signal services she, the said Ton Ton, hath done and performed for him, the said Antoine Eenaud, since she halhbcen his slave, as well as in consideration of his mcrsion to anj/ of ths human tpccics contimmnce in perpetual bmdagc and staicrj/, and also in consideration of £5 lawful money of Great Britain, to him, the said Antoine Renand, hy Ihe .said Ton Ton in hand paid, at and before the ensealing and delivering of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, he, the said Antoine Renand, hath for himself, his executors and administrators, fully and amply released, liberated and forever disfhargr d her, the said Ton Ton, from all slavery, bondage and servitude whatsoever, either to h mself, the said Anioine Renaud, his executors or administrators, or to any other periion or persons whatsoever His decree, however, was no surpri.se to the people of the territory, for the struggle to defy the stipulations of the ordinance of 1787 was then scarcely perceptible. The feeble efforts of several citizens of the colony to have Congress re-consider the anti-slavery proviso were ineffectual, and injured the very men who made them. The purchase of Louisiana in 1803 added a vast empire of slave terri- tory to the United States, the present state of Missouri being a part thereof And it was not until the ftw and scattering American settlers in Illinois saw well equipped emigrants from the slave States pass through Illinois, bound fur Missouri, where slavery was not prohibited, that the actual agitation for introducing or legalizing it here was inaugurated. It must have been provoking to see a desirable population turn their backs to the beautiful lands on the east bank of the Mississippi and cross over to inferior land for their settlements. A raw-boned Tennes- seean, passing with his family and " property" through the streets of Kaskaskia on his way to Missouri, being asked why he would not remain here rather than move further on, op&iied his big mouth saying: "Ynur'sile' is rich and fertile, and the country is fine ; but, God dern ye, a man is not allowed to own niggers here." But to return to the suljject ; it should be stated that the ordinance of 1787 was prospective only, and did not affect the condition of the French slaves or their descendants. The Legislature of Indiana passed various acts in Sep- tember, 1807, (Illinois then forming a part of Indiana terri- tory) by which at least a temporary and modified form of slavery was effected. Negroes were brought into the terri- tory and there held as indentured servants. Another act provided that the owner of a person " owning" labor (i. e. a slave) may bring such person into the territory and "agree" with him beforethe clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in the county, upon a terra of service, after the expiration of which the slave should be free. The ignorance of the poor blacks was taken advantage of, for many of them would as readily bind themselves for I'9 years as for 10 or 15 years. If an indentured slave refused to work, the owner was allowed to take him to another State or territory, i. e., to sell him to some slave trader in the south or west. Slaves under the age of 15 were held in servitude until the age of 35 or 32 according to sex. Owners had to give bond that slaves who would become free after their 40th year of age, should never become a county charge. The children of lawfully claiming or to claim by, from or under him, them or either of them from the day of the date hereof, for and during the natural life of her, the taid Ton Ton, and by these presents doth for himself, his executors and administrators fully and amply release, liberate and forever discharge her, the said Ton Ton, from all ^lavery, bondage and servitude whatsoever, either to him, the said Antoine Renaud, his executors or administrators, or to any other person or persons whatsoever, lawfully claiming or to claim by, from or under him, them or either of them from tho day and date hereof, for and during the natural life of her, the said Ton Ton, giving and hereby granling unto the said Ton Ton full liberty to go and come whithersoever she shall think proper, without the least trouble, hindrance or intervention. In witness whereof, etc., tigned 22d of May, A. D. 1769. Antoine X R mark d by \Vi nd^o r Brown and Valent ne Thomas Da/ton. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 1(9 " registered or indentured "slaves remained in servitude until they were 28 and 30 years old, according to sex. The records in reference to the owners of slaves or inden- tured servants set forth that theie were 197 negroes and niu- lattoes regi-tered as slaves or indentured as servants during the territurial ])eriod of the county ; the slaves owned there prior to 1807 were not mentioned. Among the slaveholders of the county, the following well-known names are found: Jesse B. Thomas, the judge ; Alexander Stuart, Benjamin Stephenson, Frederick Bond, David J. Black, Kinian Edwards,* Nathaniel Pope, William and Elias Rector, James Gilbreath, William and Rdbert Morrison, 'Squire Garton, Elias K. Kent, Robert Shields and others. The terms of bondage and servitude vary from 8 and 10 years to 99 years. Jean Pierce was bound to Wright Pierce for 99 years when he was 19 years of age, to wit, March 8, 1811, and thus Jean will be a free negro in 1910. Millv, a negro girl of twenty years of age was brought into the State from Kentucky, in May, 1811, and bound herself to Samuel Hall, her master, for eighty years; she will soon be free, to wit, in 18. '1. Henry Kimniel, one of those slaveholders of the ter- ritorial period was a German, while there are quite anuipber of Frenchmen among them Rachel, the proper!)' of Amos C'hipps, reported to have been 15 yiars of age ou the 7th of April, 1811, is still living in the county. Colored people, who were not slaves nor bonded servants. bad to procure certificates to that effect, in order to be un- molested. We introduce here a few samples, to wit : State of North Carolina, | Guilford County. J This is to certify that Moses Tabon, a man of color, is a free born. Let him pass and repa.ss ; his height is five feet nine inches; in the 25th year of his age. Let him pass through North Carolina and Virginia, this 14th of June, 1805. His character is equal to any of his color, since he has been ij) the county. Jehu Beeson, J. P. We hereby certify that the bearer, Mary Ann, an old negro woman, was this day made free by us. William Morrison, EUPHR^VSIA MoRRI.SON. Recorded Feb. 25, 1813, at Kaskaskia, in Book M, p. 90. William ArundeLj Recorder R. C. Persons of color, whose time of indentured bondage had expired, were furnished certificates of freedom by the county authorities, in form following, to wit : May 19th, 1819. Dice, a negro woman, about 45 years of age, five feet seven inches high, of a stout make, a scar on her left cheek aLd * The Governor seems to have been one cf the principal slaveh jlders and .ilnve tr.iJers in tlic Territory. The Illinois Herald, in whii-h his name as Governor con-tantly app^-nred attached to various promulgations and otiicial documents, contained a'ao the following: Notice: I have for sale 22 Stavea; among them are several of both sexes be- tween the ages 6{ 10 and 17 years. If not stld i*hortly I shall wish to hire them in Miasourt Terrilury. I have also for sale a full blooded Stud Horse; a very large Eng'i'k Bu'l, and several young ones. OlTOBER 1, 1815. NlNIAN Edwabds. The Governor, in later years, whs an anti-slavery agitator. right breast, produced to W. C. Greenup, clerk of the circuit court of Randolph county. State of Illinois, one indenture of herself to John Edgar, dated the 7th of June, 1794, for twelve years next ensuing; whereupon a certificate was granted, under the seal of the court, to her of her freedom, pursuant to the act passed at the last session respecting free negroes, mulattoes, servants and slaves. In other instances the freedom papers assumed the form of a deed, and as a specimen illustrating this, the following is here introduced : Know all men by these presents that, whereas I, John Edgar, of Randolph county. State of Illinois, in considera- tion of the many valuable services rendered to me by my mulatto woman slave, named Celeste, originally owned by Louis Lasond and transferred by him to William Morrison^ and by Morrison to Joseph Gendr. n, and by him to me, I have released and by these presents do release, manumit, set free and at full liberty the said Celeste, from and after the date hereof, forever free from my service and the service of my heirs, executors and ailministratnrs forever, and from the service of all other persons whomsoever, hereby exoner- ating her from all bonds of service, freely to act for herself as any other free person of color ; and I do moreover, in consideration of said services rendered me by said Celtste, release, manumit, set free and at full liberty the children of the said Celeste, namely : Leonora, aged 14 years last Jan- uary ; Nerville, aged 9 years on the 4th day of July last; Virginia, aged 6 years ou the 26th day of April last ; Hil- laire, aged 4 years last May ; Mary Louise, aged 2 years last May ; Joseph, aged 1 year last August ; and I do hereby exonerate the said children from my servicte and place them respectively under the control of their said mother, the males until they shall be 21 years old and the females until they shall be 18 years of age, when they shall be free to act for themselves as fully as any other free person of color, according to law. In testimony of which, etc, etc. Signed JuuN Edgar. ( seai,^ A NEGRO CHILD SET FREE. Know all men by these presents that I, Joseph Geudron, of Randolph county. State of Illinois, for and in considera- tion of the sum of eighty dollars to me, cash in hand, paid at and before ensealing and delivering of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, do give, grant and forever set free my servant, named William, aged about five years, the sou of Therese, formerly the servant of me the undersigned : I tlo therefore, for and in consideration of the sum aforesaid, manumit and set free and at full liberty from my service, from the date hereof, for ever. And I do further warrant and forever defend the liberty of the said William from myself, my heirs or assigns, or any person claiming under or by virtue of me. In witness whereof I have htre- unto set my hand and seal at Kaskaskia this 6th day of De- cember, 1831. This ' deed" is signed, witnessed, and formally acknow- ledged before James Hughes, clerk, and by him recorded. It is not slated who paid those eighty dollars, but it may be suppoeed that the mothei paid for him. 110 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. isidney Breese manamitting a slave in 1834. — Know all men by these presents, that I, Sidney Breese of Kaskaskia, Illinois, for divers good causes and considerations me there- unto moving, have and by these presents do forever manumit and set free my indentured woman Rachel, now about 43 years of age, and residing at present at Cheater, Randolph county, Illinois : ard I do hereby release her from all her obligations and covenants to rae as contained in her inden- ture assigned me by Redding B. Hering : It being under- stood that I am in no wise responsible for any of her con- tracts now or heretofore made, or hereafter to be made. Witness ray hand and seal at Chester aforesaid, this 8th day of November, 1834. Sidney Breese. The records contain the names of many persons of color, who have their freedom papers as documentary evidence of their being barn free, proparly entered, even to as late a day as the 13th of April A. D. 1863. S. St. Vrain and Edmund St. Vrain appeared before R. B. Servant, jus- tice of the peace, and made oath that "Patrick" Mitchell^ a colored inhabitant of the county, of bright complexion, etc., was born " free" at Kaskaskia about the year 1840, and that his mother, at the time of his birth, had been a free colored inhabitant of said county of Randolph, etc., etc. The number of slaves, as given by the county census of 1820, was then 240. From that period their number constantly decreased, and in 1840 there were only 133 enumerated. While the system of slavery existed, however, it had all the appearances and features of this peculiar in- stitution in the southern states.' The newspapers of the period contained the well-known advertisements of Fifty Dollars Reward, etc., etc. The following, taken from a stray number of the Illinois Intelligencer, may serve as a sample: Fifty Dollars Reward. — Ran away from the subscriber. on the night of the 18th ultimo, a negro man, named Charles, about 25 or 26 years of age, of large stature. He has a small piece of the left ear taken off. He stole from my desk one hundred and eighty dollars — a hundred dollar bill on the bank of Nashville, other bills not recollected. Also, •a negro woman, named Peggy, the fellow's wife, ran away at the same time, near the same age. She is a common-sized, very black, and has lost the sight of one of her eyes. The above reward will be given to any person who will appre- hend the said negroes and deliver them to me at Kaskaskia. James Adkins. The irrepressible negro may now be dismissed, for it is not the province of the chronicler of a county sketch to follow the subject of the slavery question through its various stages. The feud between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery men in Illinois was more a national affair than a county matter- Prominent men of Randolph county were found on the -one side as well as on the other. The contest, fierce and bitter, ended in favor of freedom, for the people of the Btate defMted the scheme of the new constitutionists or pro-slavery men by a vote of 6822 against 4950, August, 1824. Strange, however, it must appear that although the anti-slavery men were largely in the majority, the pro- slavery men elected a majority of the legislators, who elected a violent pro-slavery man, Elias Kent Kane, of Randolph county, senator of the U. S. to succeed John McClean. Thomas Mather, a member of the General Assembly from Randolph, was a decided anti-slavery agitator. Public Roads. — As heretofore stated, the revenue of the county in territorial times did not admit of appropriations of public funds towards the making of roads and building of bridges. The supervisors of highways mentioned hereto- f'-re, and their assessors, had no means at their disposal barring the labor due by able-bodied residents, and it barely sufficed to keep the neighborhood roads in repair. The numerous ferries facilitated the traffic across the streams, as no substantial bridges were in existence. The want of roads to distant settlements was keenly felt, and the aid of the federal government had to be implored to open such roads. The records of the county mention the road from Kaskaskia to Prairie du Rocher, and to the place of Degagnie, as also a road to Belleville. A correspondence in reference to the opening of a road to Shawneetown was placed in the hands of the writer, from which the following facts are gleaned : The Government of the United States appropriated, by Act of Congress, passed April 27th, 1816, the sum of $'<,000 for surveying and making a road " in the Territory of Illi- nois, of which amount SI, 258. 51 were expended in exploring" the country from Shawneetown td Kaskaskia. The balance of the money was considered inadequate to complete the road, but deemed sufficient to clear it of timber and to bridge the worst streams, etc. The President of the U. S. appointed then Shadrach Bond, of Kaskaskia, and Leonard White, of the Wabash Saline, agents, with authority to commence the work at the two extreniities and to make such distribution of the money as the nature of the road required. Hon. W. H. Crawford, Secretary of the U- S. Treasury, addressed a letter to Shadrack Bond, then Receiver of Pub- lic Monies at Kaskaskia, on June 21, 1818, to advisehira of his appointment, closing the letter in the following sentence : You will consider yourself as authorized to advance out of the public moneys in your hands the sum, which shall be assigned for the completion of your part of the road. As the opening of this road is of great importance to the citizens of the Territory, it is expected that your charge for the super- intendence will be as moderate as possible, not exceeding your necessary expenses, and the most reasonable coiiipensation for the loss of time, etc , etc. A contract was then made with George Breath and David Husband, August 15. 1818, to " clear" the road 33 feet in width, to remove all the timber, etc., from Dernints in Frank- lin county to Kaskaskia, a distance of 50 miles, the work to be done by January Ist, 1819, for which they were then to receive $2,000 The work was done and the money paid out. On the 20th of September, 1819, David Husband contracted for the build- ing of good and substantial bridges, across Tindall's creek, HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Ill 2 branches of Cox"s creek, 1 branch of Pipestone creek, 1 branch of Rattlesnake creek, 1 branch of Beaucoup creek, 2 brandies of Ell prairie and Prairie creek, and across little Muddy river ; further he contracted for the digging down the banks of all the other creeks across which the said road passed from Kaskaskia ^0 miles east, and for removing all ob- structions from fallen trees and the like, etc., for all of which work Husband was to have ?1, 319.24, on the 1st of January, 1820. Shadrach Bond rendered an account of his receipts and disbursements on the 2(tth of March, 1820, from which it appears that he had drawn ?3,395.74}, (the exact one-half of the balance of the appropriation mentioned about, and that he had paid out the following amounts, to wit : Breath and Husband $i!,ikk> 00 David Husband I,:«9 2*^4 Blackwfll and Berry, for publishing notices 3 76 Superintending the work, etc 72 75 83,395 74V2 The U. S. Government was not satisfied with this account, because, as Joseph Anderson, comptroller, in his letter of Shadrach Bond, dated November 29, 1821, stated, the two agents. Bond and White, should have rendered a joint ac- count, etc. Leonard White seems to have failed to render a proper account of the " moiety " placed in his hands, for the Comptroller advised Senator John McLean, February 2, 1825, that Mr. White had not accounted for one-half of said amount, and that the question had now arisen how far Shadrach Bond was liable for the other half, etc; and that in all probability suit would be brought against Bond as well as against White, as both had drawn the amount jointly. The writer has not been able to ascertain if such suitg were brought or how the matter was adjusted. Shadrach Bond however had opened a road, 33 feet wide and 5U miles long, bridging all bad streams and cutting down the banks of others for less than 63,400, or abo.ut §68 per mile, and it would have been a grievous wrong to have held him respon- sible for White's "moiety." PUBLIC BUILDIXti.S. The only public building erected during this period was a jail built by Nathan Hill and Ezra Owens in 1815. It was "received" on rejiort of George Fisher and Edgar Owens, commissioners ajiiwinted on the 3d Jlonday of June 1815. The courts of the county were held for years at the va- rious taverns in Kaskaskia until November 1812, when the authorities of the county occupied the house of James Gil- breath at Kaskaskia. The court had apparently purchased this house, for on the 3d of March 1818 the clerk is in- structed to ask said Gilbreath for a deed, and on refusal, to bring suit against him. The records of the county commissioners court from Janu- ary 10, 1810 to June 20, 1814 are missing. On this date John McFerron and George Fisher held court to try James Adkins indicted for cruelly beating his negro. The court fined him 84 00. Adkins filed a bill in arrest of judgment on the following reasons ; first becau.'e the law of the terri- tory does not lie for assault and battery against the niastt r for whipping his servants, as the law gave another remedy for unmerciful punishment : second because the master may correct his servant and not be guilty of assault and battery : third because the indictment is inconsistent as it states that the assault was committed by the defendent on his indentured servant : fourth because if the servant is abused the court are commanded to redress his cause in a summary way and not by indictment. This bill was overruled and the fine exacted. From a report made to this court by sheriff that the revenue of the county for the year 1814 amounted to S529 - 90, tax was paid on 108 negrws 108.00 491 horses 245-50 Studhorses 18..W Mansions, mills and di-tillerids .11.90 For licenses M.OO Single men M.OO J529.90 It was further reported that Benjamin Stephenson, ex- sheriff, was in default with the county on account of the revenue of 1812 and 1813 to the amount of 841 .37i The affairs of the county from 1815 to 1819 were conducted by the territorial justices, John McFerron, William Morrison, James Finney, David Anderson, Philip Fouke, George Fisher, Archibald Thompson, Antoine L. C'henett, Miles Hotchkiss and Pierce L. Compte. A new township. Plum Creek, was formed March 1816, and is described as follows: All that part north of Spring- field township and east of the Kaskaskia liver. Meanwhile the population of Rand( Iph county or southern Illinois had increased to a considerable extent, in consequence of which the legislature had deemed it proper to organize several new countiesout of the territory of old Randolph county, to wit : Gallatin and Johnson, Sept. 14, 1812, White, December 9, 1815, Jackson, January 10, 1816, and Monroe June 1, 1816, and by doing so had reduced the county to almost its present boundary. We find therefore, at the end of this territorial period the following six townships officered as follows: Kaskaskia. — All that part lying between Kaskaskia and Mississippi rivers up to the point of the bluffs and up with the bluffs to Morgan's run. Shadrach Bond and Michael Smith supervisors of roads, George Fisher assessor, Dan. L. Swearingen and Allies Hotchkiss ovtrseer of the poor. Prairie dii Bocher. — All that part of the county between the bluflis and the river, above Morgan's Run. Pierre Le- compte and Patrick Earner, supervisors of roads ; Henry Barbeau, as.«essor ; Thomas Sterritt and Archibald McNabb, overseers of the poor. WiHiaimburg. — All that part lying west of the Kaskaskia as fiir as the point of the bluffs between the Kaskaskia and the Mississippi, and up along the bluffs of the Mississippi to the county line. Ezra Owens and Otho Leavens, supervisors; David An" derson, assessor ; Paul Harralson and James Fulton, over- seers of the poor. Sprl»;/fcl..ll .Illlir I!'., 1 Mill, l.V 11.11 .1 Mi.l.is. Jl:i 1(1 .I..I1M-..I illL.I .Ihuvi.i liii-s. Si- .1.1.^, l.M.i 1.1 l;..i,.ii I,;|.t,.l., ,1. 1'. •J'h llUi- lh:,t. 1 iULlSii^^aiiii. 1 llli.'. ill. :;l. 1-.1 , 1.1 l,'..i.. 1 1. .-I..I1. .1 P. lla J..I An M I'ilhir^iii •1.1. a Vim. .1 r.".;i;\ I..1-I ,111.1 'Ih.'i. .. |i:nl- .111.1 Sii Ill .N..\ -.1111. 1 1 lliiii, li.r ,11-. 111-... ■\. IM.i. 1. - .1..1111 r..i IT. IMii- 1. 1, IMII, l.\- 1.1, .1 r, l'liili|i Fi 1..1111 I'hi'i) ai, J.P. Il<.\ .1. P. N, .!. P. Til .Mi:i~ H.l':lt ..11 .111.1 i:il/,il ii'lli 1;... ir.iiii, .1.111 -'.Islii, by. iilin Mil-V run. J. P.* Joi uUi-.ilit, :il IK.I.MII ji. (.il itiir,:,,. ■lllili-u .i.Suiirii-,. an. 1),18U liy Philip In )■■]■, ■i.l 11. 11. .1; i,l(..u-n..i n,-y ,Mi-C,n ■r'aiiilSiilly H mill l'..IK- C 111 II i.ii.l l-i.iii... .:'';::::■; , N..V. ■1\. .•iiiO, l.y .T..1 I..I111 111:1.1 11 liiiuiilia li;..i,.I, p. u, J. P. -liavv.J. 1- Illi li.inl I'l Jonas Iir^l IVter 1 .1 . I'.ii.l.., S..|,t.4 i.T, .lull ."., l.^ 11, ViiL-.iM 7. 111. I.> sill. l.y 1 iiirl 1 ,y S. -J. 1 Mil. 1 Flani.-iis Gai iciaiiil \ni Jnci.liCuirn ml Pi.lK 11 liiilph Lcp a ml Kliz; ll,.l Natlniii lila ur..r.i a ll Zavv CI k 111.1 Ml. ■ 1 John W1I-..1 aii.l N. ll. Elishaliin .'11 ali.l 'ill Thuiiia- 1 i.l k aii.l 1 .1- Il.-inii-l .^iiiii .1.11 ali.l M Jam.> >;iii.l 1- ami ll.- Daniol r....ii i.li.l >.i ,111 Jami's 1 ii ak r ,111.1 V. Juhn All. ..I 1 iili'l 1:. 1.,, Samn.l \\. hri ail. M 1 JIi/Fe .il.lsll. II, l.Ml, l.y .kiiiR-s Li-m.in. ,, isn. l.y Pli- Firnki-. .,-..|.l .,, kslii, l.y .li.l.n P.r.a.lshav i., i.-l.i. I.l- 1..-..1L'.- llai-Ui-i-. -l.V Till 1.1,1 '11 !■> M,. .\.. Lazai-u- Tiini.-i ami Mii--n I Zciilniniali John ami li.-l|.l.v ,-l..-ll.y. Ma James Fk-niiii); anil llai h. 1 ,~li. li.i , .M.i James Wilson ami Jam- .\ii.lr.-ii, Mar. li Marviu Fullor ami JIarsai i-t llaiui..ii, M Polamlei- Kuykcm.lali- aii.l |i..lly Mm 1 ■. . Josepl. llarmun ami l-'.li/ ll. Wan-, I . John Hogan ami l-;ih-mloi- Kol,i-.-(son, .Mi • John McKerron enteieii the \ II, Man .•1., kslii, l.y llan.li-l i.-.rL-ll>..li, ,\ii-.;, -j:i, l-M'i, l.y Ik.iiil.l I-.-riril-..ll. 1.-.-, I'.i, islii, liy llaiiil.-t F,Tj;ns.-,n. ..11, Jan. 11, ISU', by Tliomas Fei-gusou. •_*;), by John Phelps. Nov. '21, 18111, by Giiliriel Greatliouse. . ll -.:.., 1-11, l.y (ieorgc Haeker, J. P. Ill 1.., 1 SI I, by (ieiirno ItacUci'. 11, isll, ly Marvin Fnllcr. ill 11, IMl, by same. id nn « hirh Clie.tter stands. . 'JI, Is Th 111 .N ■ll by tii-c in 1S15, 111 lailiaiim- Willis, May 28, 1811, by lieorge Kobinson. lii.l.- ,\1...-, n. t, :!1, by William Arnndel. .ami i:ii/,ai.. lb Mathers, Dec. 19, 1811, by Jas Finney, Judge. .111.- and Dolly Murray, Jannary IG, ISll, by G. Hacker, J. P. I i'..lly Tindall, April II, 1811, by tame. I ' .1 kus lin.ssell, May 23, 1811, by same. !> Mi-l.imi.-hliii, June 0, 1811, by same. iiiri-is, June 10, 1811, by same. ,111-iiiila Cattn-y, Dec. 28, 1811, by John Phelps, J. P. i.rds ul the county from 1S12 to October, 1818, have been Tlie number of licenses issued in 1812 was 17 ; in IS a, lli; in i in 1816, 8; in 1817, 21; and in 1818, it was 25. UANDOLPH COUNTY REPRESENTED IN THE TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURES. — 1795 TO 1818. Shadrach Boiul, Sr., member of the L.^gislature of the U S. Tenitory northwest of the River Ohio, 1T99, and of the House of Representatives of the Territory of Indiana to the year 1806, and member of the" Council ' (Senate) to 1809. Shndrach Bond, Jr., member of the House of Repre- sentatives of the territory of Indiana from 1805 (took the place of his uncle who had resigned) to 1808. 1809 TO 1S12. ILLI.VOIS TERRIXORY. NO LEGISLATURE. 1812 TO 1818. Pierre Menard, (*) member of the Legislative Council and its president from 18r2 to 1818. George Fisher, (f ) member speaker of the House 1812 to 1814 and 1816 to 1818. James Gilbreath, elected in 1814, wa.se.xpelled during the first session — so stated in the Illinois Legi.-^lative Directory of 1881. This work mentions Jarvis Haz Iton, as member of the House from Ran- dolph County during the year 1815. Hazelton may have died or resigned before the expiration of his term, because William L Reynolds, {%) though not mentioned in the said directory, was certainly a member of the Legislature from Randolph County at that very period. ■ M.-- -.1,11 Ih hi llli! brother He ai rived n Kaska^k a aT)out the year 1790, in Ivpolire and Franc is. Pierre was the most -ajiod in nieri;haiHl zing and trading with the E highest vi-neratiun, on account of his upright pr.imiuent of the tin- Indians, «ho lield Pi honomy and purity of intention. Hiskmdne.ss to all the needy was prover- bial. Tlie govi-rnnient of the United Stales had its .ittention called to this exemplary man at an early day, and appointed him Indian Agent, which position he filled for many years. In 17'J5 Pierre Mi^nard was appointed Judge of tbeCor.rt i.f Comninu Pleas of Randolph County, and in 1SI8 was elected I,u-iiti-iiiirii..>t-iii"i"f the State, and as such pro-ided over the Slate Senate IViiiii Isls I., isjj Alt. -r the close of this term of oflfies he declined to accept piililii stall. .11-, aii.l lb-voted himself to private aft'aii-s. He died in 18-14, and was buriiil in the old giave yard of K.askaskia. -i;e Fisher, .1 iiliysieian, was a Virginian, who arrived, according to E. .ac-uc's Historii-al Skelehes, at Ka.«ka.skia, in 17!is : but the records of to. J. Mo Fislif tyhave him a m- as an intlnential was sherittof Hand Ipli In 181S lie was elei-ted 11 framed the tirst t'lilistitu ISOChad opem-il a f.irni 1 rtied-lsi". The region JWilliamL. Reynolds V time. Hepubl Dr. or of the Conn of Cominoo Pleas in 1793. mberof the community, and a popular politician^ tnty when the Illinois Territory was organized. ?iiiber of the Constitutional Convention, w-hich for the Stale of Illinois. Dr. Fisher, who, since he Prairie du Roeher, remained tliere until lie ever been known as Dr. Fisher's Settlement, pi-obably the most diligent representative of his I in the "Illinois Herald," Kaskaskia, February 1, 1810, a list of the laws passed at the late session of the Legisia urc, 4u in number, introducing his list by a lengthy address to the citizens of Randolph county, HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 113 TERRITORIAL OFFICES. Nathaniel Pope, Secretary of the Territory from 1809 to 1816. Robert Morrison, Adjutant General, July 18, 180^, to May 28, 1810. Elias Rector, his successor, held the office until (JctoUer, 25, 1818. Shadrach Bond, Delegate to C)ngress, 1812 to 1814. Nathaniel Pope, Dc^legate to Congress, from 1817 to 1818. Daniel P. Cook, Auditor of Accounts, January 13, IHIG, to April, 1817, and Judge of the Western Circuit in 1818. RANDOLPH COUNTY — 1818 TO 1883. The State Convention which framed the first Constitution of the State of Illinois, assembled at Kaskaskia in July, 1818, and completed its work on the 28th of August of that year. It was composed of thiriy-three members, one of whom, a member from Washington county, whose name is unknown, died during the term. These members repre- sented the then fifteen counties of the territory, three of which, to wit., St. Clair, Madison and Gallatin, had three representatives each, while the remaining counties were represented by two members each. The session of the Legislature of which your confidence maile m^ a con>titiient part has come to a close, and rendering up to you the important trust confided to my care, I feel it my duty to inform yon what laws have been passed ; you will be better able to judge for yourselves whether your public servants have exercised that delegated p >wer %vith a view to the political interest of our common country or not. Having been elected after nearly half the session had elapsed, a number of laws were parsed before I took my seat, and at this time I am unable to judge of their political expediency. The power of legi-Ulion in lliis territory under the ordinance and tlie several acts of Cjngress is so confined and clogged, that it is almost put out i>f the power of the representatives of the peopio to pa'^s those laws, rules and regulations that the political situations and necessity of the country r-quirc The memorial forwarded to Congress, praying an alteration in the ordinaiu-o, if granted to the extent of our prayer, will remedy a host of evil?* under which the territory now labors, and hereafter your public servants will b » more able to legislate for the real interest of the country. I am apprised that some may think tne ma'ting of four new counties is not justified by the present populatio i. To that opinion permit m** to remark thai experience and former examples have uniformly proven that in new countries where counties have been left too long at large, much public expense for public buildings has been incurred, and on subsequent divisions wholly lost, therefore, the sooner the country is laid out into counties of proper shape and size the better for the public interest. On the eve of the session the President's Proclamation arrived, ordering all pt-rsons oft the public lands, which produced the deepest emotion." in the brea-tsof all. It seemed to come like a noxious planet, portending misery and calamity. And what could have dictated so evil a measure I am unable to ilivine. A great portion of the citizens of this territory are on Congress Lands, and to drive them off would in fact almost ruin the present prosperous condition of our country. What answer may we not give the General GoTernment — can we not say we have left the "States" because we were unable to purchase land, and unwilling to be tenants of the great land holders at whose nod we must bow in the sacrifice of every noble principle of independence. We fought for a century where we could enjoy existence uncontrolled by overbearing land holders, where nature affords abundant food for man, and where we could cultivate the soil of our beloved country without fee or reward, that soil we have enhanced in value — that soil we have defended against the arms of a savage enemy, the allies of England, alone we stood, almost unaided by the general govfrnment, without that compensation that the whole is bound to give the few for defending them. When that pay comes many of us will be able to purchase the lands on which we live from the government. No doubt some sordid miscreant hHS given the delusive information upon which the proclaination is bottomed, and that, too, to bring into his pocket a little gain, at the great injury of his fellow man, etc , etc. Hon. Reynolds exhibits a little deniagoguery in his concluding remarks. (The "Herald" of February 1, 18li>, for want of paper of a proper size, was published for the time being on half sheets of super royal, and the editor had gone to Kentucky Co obtain a supply.) 15 The members from Randolph county were Elias Kent Kane and Dr. George Fisher, whose names have heen re- peatedly meiitioiied iu preceding pages. A glance at the named of the other members shows that many of the former citizens of Randolph were now representing other counties, as, for instance, Jesse B. Thomas, the first territorial judge, represented St. Clair ; Benjamin Stephenson, formerly sheriff of Randolph, represented Madison ; Michael Jones, implicated in the murder of Rice Jones (1808), represented Gallatin; Caldwell Cairn.s, Monroe county ; Samuel Oniel- veny, the old squire of Rocking Cave township, represented Pope ; Isham Harrison and Thomas Roberts represented Franklin county ; Jesse B. Thomas was president, and \Vm. C. Greenup, the old court clerk of Randolph, secretary to the convention. The constitution was not submitted to a vote of the people for their approval or rejection, nor did the people have much to do with the choice of officers generally under it, other than that of governors, the general as.«emblies, sheriffs, coroners and county commissioners. The e!ecti\'e franchise was, however, extended to all white male inhabitants above the age of twenty one, having resided in the State six months -next preceding any election. Judges, either supreme, cir- cuit or probate, prosecuting attorneys, circuit clerks, re- corders, and even justices of the peace, — all were to be appointed. The prerogative of appointing, at first enjoyed by the governor, was soon after vested by law in the legis- lature. The first election under the constitution, for governor, lieutenant-governor, ard m00 gallons of whisky. Randolph county had 2 printing offices and 1 bindery, emj)loying 5 men, capital invested |1,800 ; 6 flouring, 8 grist and 11 sawmills, with an investment of 871,000, gave employment to 39 men. The value of products, including 11,000 barrels of flour shipped, amounted to $81,050. Boats, valued at $1,500, * From a list of Revolutionary soldiers drawing pensions as such, and having been residents of the State of Illinois, we found that the following residents of the county ot Randolph drew such pensions, to wit: John Edgar, captain U. S. Navy, admitted by special act of May 26, 1830 ; commencemeni of pay March 3, 1826, W80 per annum ; the full amount drawn was 82,201.33. General Edgar died December 19, 1830. The amount mentioned was drawn by his administrators Charles McNabb, private Maryland Continentals, drew 800 per annum. George Stamm, privaTe Maryland Continenlals. drew ggc per annum. William Fowler, private South Carolina militia, drew 820 per annum. Paul Harratson, private South Carolina militia, drew 862.50 per annum. We annex a list of Invalid Pen- tioncTS of the War of 1812 and the Indian wars prior to 1816, residing in Ran- dolph county: Julian Bart, a Virginian (mentioned heretofore as a fit subject for charily), served in the Illinois militia, was pensioned Sept. 1, 1815, received 88 per month, and lived long enough to draw $1,104.80. David Hoar, from Mass- achusetts, private 31st U. 8. Infantry. William Henly (Tennessee), Dyer's regiment of militia. Armistead Jones, Illinois militia. William Lippincott (New York), 2d U. S. Infantry. William Lane, Tennessee volunteers (U. S. ser- vice). Eli Short, Kentucky volunteers (U. S. service). 118 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES. ILLINOIS. were built duriug the year, aud 66 mechanics erected 4 brick and 20 wooden houses, at an expense of $15,760. COUNTY FINANCES — 1819 TO 1844. The financial condition of the county remained as it had been in territorial times ; the expenditures, though most sparingly made, exceeded the revenue. On the 17th of December, 1825, an interesting report was filed by Thomas J. V. Oiven, treasurer and sheriff, who had been authorized by the county commissioners to examine all books and pa pers bearing on the subject of county finances since 1819. He reported that the county had expended the following amounts of money, to wit : In tlie year 18W Sl,108."l>4 " 1820 T^S.b-% " " 1821 2,0u6.23 " " 1822 1,821.40 " 1823 920.175^ " " 1824 1,C1.1.24'4 " 1825 1,991.925^ And that the revenue of the county during all that time had been considerably less than the allowances made ; that now, on the 17th of December, 1825, there were county orders out and unpaid, calling for the enormous amount of $3,811.- 671, and that the total revenue to be expected for the cur- rent year amounted to only $1408.993, to wit : tax on land, 695.48i, and on other property, $813.01 i. During the administration of the 7th board — Arthur Parks, Josiah Betts and Franklin P. Owen — the first free schools were organized, one in township 5 S., Range 7 \V., called Liberty School District, on petition of Archibald Thompson and others ; the other at Unionville, on the peti- tion of David Hathorn and others. A few years later, during the administration of Thomas Roberts, William G. Hizer and John Thompson, Samuel G- Thompson (in 1833) was appointed commissioner of schools, and authorized to sell the lands donated by the Federal Government for the purpose of aiding public schools. Thompson was very dutiful and accurate in filing reports, which were all approved but »oi recorded. The above mentioned board, in 1825, made an effort to enliven business at the old village, and on the 29th of Octo- ber appointed a board of inspectors for the harbor of Kas- kaskia. This board consisted of Curtis Conn (the probate judge), Gabriel Jones and William G. Hizer. They were authorized to have warehouses erected, and instructed to inspect beef, pork, flour, hemp, tobaQCO, and other articles of exportation ! No report of their labors is found. The next reference to the financial condition of the county was made March 9, 1831, when the "enormous amount " of unpaid county orders of December, 1825, had been reduced to 891.61, with not a cent of money in the treasury. This condition of affairs remained unchanged till 1836 and subsequent years, when the county drew large amounts from the State Improvement fund. The legislature of the State had, in an evil hour, inaugu- rated a system of public improvements, to be carried on by State oflBcers under the supervision of the legislature. The impetus to the system, at the expense, or, more properly speaking, on the credit of the State, was given by George Farquer, a senator of Sangamon county, in 1834. (He had lived for years in Randolph and Monroe counties, had laid out the present city of Waterloo, and been county commissioner sortie years). His plans, however, failed. J. M. Strode, senator of all the country including and north of Peoria, had a bill passed in 1835 authorizing a loan of one- half a million of dollars on the credit of the State. This loan was negotiated by Governor Duncan in 1836, and with this money a commencement was made on the Illinois Canal in June, 1836. The great town lot speculation had reached Illinois about that time. The number of towns multiplied so rapidly, that it seemed as though the state would be one vast city. All bought lots and all dreamed themselves rich ; and in order to bring people to those cities in embryo the system of in- ternal improvements was to be carried out on a grand scheme. The agitation became general and the indiflerence of the busy farmer was taken for tacit consent. The legislature, on the 27th of February, 1837, provided for the building of about 1300 miles of railroads, appropriating eight millions of dollars for that purpose, two hundred thousand of which were to be paid to counties not reached by these proposed railroads as an indemnity. Two millions of dollais were voted for highways and river improvements, so as to remove impediments to navigation, fifty thousand of which were to be expended on the Ka^kaskia river, and a loan of four millions was authorized to complete the canal from Chicago to Peru. And as a crowning act of folly, it was provided that the work should commence simultaneously on all the proposed roads at each end and from the crossings of all the rivers. No previous survey or estimate had been made, either of the routes, the costs of the work, or the amount of business to be done by them The arguments in favor of the system were of a character most difficult to refute, composed as they were partly of fact, but mostly of prediction. In this way it was proved, to general satisfaction by an ingenious orator in the lobby, that the state could well afford to borrow a hundred million of dollars, and expend it in. making internal improvements. None of the proposed railroads were ever completed ; detached parts of them were graded on every road, the excavations and embankments of which have long remained as a memorial of the blighting scathe done by this legi-lature A special session of the next legislature, held in 1839, repealed the system and provided for winding it up, for it had become apparent that no more loans could be ob- tained at par. Under this system a state debt of $14,237,- 348 had been created, to be paid by a population of less than 500,000 souls. Randolph county was represented in the legislature of 1834—1836 by Thomas Mather, senator, who resigned in 1835, to be succeeded by the late Richard B. Servant, aud by Richard G. Murphy and John Thompson, members of the house, and in 1836—1838, by said Servant, as senator and James Shields and Samuel G. Thompson. We were unable to ascertain, how these gentlemen voted, but from the fact that Thomas Mather was soon after ap- pointed a member of the board of fund commissioners — HISTORY OF EAXDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 119 practical and experienced financiers to contract for loans, etc- it raniKit be doubted that he voted aye. lu the next legislature, ISoS to 1^40, by which the system was repealed, the county was represented by senator Servant, and Gabriel Jones and E. Menard, members of the house, and there cannot be a question about the vote of those gentlemen. The population of Randolph county was then about 7000, and its proportional part of the debt was fully 200,000 dol- lars, and yet, the county fared far better than her sister counties, as it was not reached by the proposed routes and consequently shared in the 200,000 dollars indemnity fund mentioned herein. Xathan Conant, Ferdinand Maxwell, Thomas McDill, John C. Crozier and James Clendenin were appointed com- missioners to view roads and report where improvements were most needed. This unexpected wealth, placed at the disposition of the county authorities, who had struggled for forty years to defray the county expenses out of a minimum of revenue, caused the inauguration of public improvements in the county, such as had never been witnessed before. 21 substantial bridges were built, and thousands of dollars ex- pended on the improvement of public roads, and still large amounts of money remained in the treasury. An order of the county board, Wm. G. Hizer, Samuel Douglas and Harvey Clendenin, made on the 7th of December 1838, pro- vided that 12,000 dollars of the improvement fund should be loaned out, at 10a annual interest, to citizens of the county, in sums of from 50 to 100 dollars cash. 141 citizens of the county availed themselves of this opportunity, and §10,- 636.00 were loaned out ere the close of the year. This order was soon after succeeded by other orders, call- ing in the money, as it was needed for other improvements. The records of the county do not contain any information as to the §50,000 appropriated for the improvement of the Kaskaskia river, but it is to be presumed that a part of it was exi>ended for said purpose. The balance of this improvement fund, amounting to $9,945, as per report of April 14th, 1840, was reduced to $3,115.42 in 1844, when it was placed in the county treasury and used as county revenue. The financial reports of the county officials from 1825 ifo 1843 were not recorded, but the "Kaskaskia Eepublican " of December 23d, 1843, brought a lengthy report called, " An abstract of the fiscal concerns of Randolph county for the current year, commencing on the 6lh day of December, 1842." We introduce here an extract of said abstract: The income of the county was stated to have been as follows: Fines collected 8 6G.0O Licenses collected I85.UU Taxesof 1842 and hack taxes collected 2,828.11 Improvement fund notes and interest collected (j98.2.'i 83,777.36 EXPENDtrURES. Co. offices, stationery and fuel, etc 8 75.r,7 Courts, jurors and bailiffs 2il8.f.o Elections I28..'i() Jail and inmates 27.!(I Officers, compensation of -l.fHIi.'JJ Paupers H77.4.') Roads and bridges I,u35.44 $3,402.80 Balance in treasury $374.56 The report further stated, that the ytar commencing on the 6th of December, had opened with a balance of SI, 496.- 47 of outstanding county warrants, and that this floating debt of the county had thus been reduced to §1,148.91. The pauper expenses were stated too high, inasmuch as Stuart Bilderback had in 1842 built a poor-house for the county at an expense of §125.00. This building was erected on west half of the northeast fractional quarter of section thirteen in township six south, range eight west During the period of apparent prosperity numerous towns had been laid out and improved in the county, and consid- ering the very inconvenient location of the county seat, it was but natural that other and more accessible towns should make eflbrts to become the capital of the county. A short sketch of th's strife will be of interest to the reader. CHANGE OF COUNTY SEAT FROM KASKASKIA TO CHESTER. The question of changing the county seat to a more accessible and safer point, became general after the great flood of 1844.* The Kaskaskians became greatly alarmed, and Parson Percy of the '' Republican," published at Kaskaskia, fought manfully for the old village. He waa aided by msny able correspondents, whose communicationg are signed by various noms-du-plume, "Aristides" and "Sophocles," philosophical and eloquent effusions did no more execution than "Zip's" flippancies, or "Taxpayer's" homilies. "Ecce Homo's' pathetic expectorations are also in vain, while "Sans Culotte " (Without Pants) does harm by bis French impetuousness. "C\res" appeals tearfully to the readers in behalf of Kaskaskia. A bill providing for the selection of a permanent seat of justice, for the county of Randolph, was introduced in the General Assem- bly in January, 1847, and became an "Act" by approval of the governor, January 30th, 1847. This Act was artfully worded and clearly designed to abandon Kaskaskia as the county seat. It provided, 1st, that an election should be held on the first Monday of April 1847, as between all towns having aspirations to become or remain the county capital ; 2d, that if one of the contending towns should receive a majority of all the votes cast at taid election, a second election should be held on the first Monday of May, 1847, to decide between the three towns having obtained the most numerous vote at the first election ; and 3d, that in case no absolute majority was obtained, a third election should be held on the first Monday of June, 1847, to decide between the two towns having received the greatest number of votes at the second election. 'Ferdinand MartceU's Official Report in rsfcrrncc to the food of 1844.— This day, June 28th, A. D. 1844, I have witnessed the whole of the town of Kaskaskia inundated by the high water, some seven feet upon an average. The whole population of the place removed over on the hills or high lands opposite, and a great many took shelter at Col. Pierre MenardV house. On Wednesday, the 2Clh of June, the steamboat Indiana, Captain Ludwig, landed near Col. Men- ard's house, which may be known by cin^ " Spa"a 1082 " The next county election, August, 1847, brought out 1428 votes, from which it is to be iuferred that some 60:) or more illegal votes were polled at said election of Juae 7, 1847. The fact of accepting fraudulent votes is admitted by various citizens who witnessed the affdir D. S. Lybaiger, Esq., a native of Kaskaskia, informed us that the Spar- tans had been as suspicious of the Chesterians, as these of those. Committees to reconnoitre and to act as challengers had been sent from Chester to Sparta, and vice versa. He, (Lybarger), had arrived at Sparta on the night before the election, and had noticed the arrival of numerous " visitors" from adjacent counties. On the morning of the election the Chester challengers were refused admittance to the poll, whereupon he was sent back to Chester to report. He had made the trip in less than one hour and thirty minutes. Soon after his return, the S|)artau challengers at Chester had made their exit, through door or window, " they had not been ' particular,' at all, at all." During election neither Leonidas nor any other Spartan was seen at Chester, but Joseph Mattingley's horse-boat had made many trips bring- ing in voters from the other side. Flat-boatmen also had voted diligently and repeatedly, but it was not true, that the good steamboat Red Cloud had landed a number of passengers and her crew to vote, nor had the boat itself " voted for Chester" as the Spartans had charged. The Spartans made an earnest effort to contest the ehc- tion. An investigation conducted by M. Morrison before three magistrates, developed the fact, proved by witnesses from Chester and Bois Brule Bottom, Mi.ssouri, that 135 ille- gal votes had been polled at Chester, and that besides there appeared on the pull book 70 names, not known to the "old- est" inhabitants, also supposed to be fraudulent. " Kaskas- kia Republican," July 31, 1847. The county seat matter was finally disposed of by the circuit court, November term 1847, and decided in favor of Chester, whereupon the county board was convened by the chairman in, as was subsequently charged, an illegal man- ner, causing another outburst of indignation and lengthy preambles and resolutions passed in citizens' meetings at Kaskaskia and Preston. The said session of the county board was held in the court- house at Kaskaskia, on the 2:id of November, 1847. Present: Edward Campbell, William McBride and James Gillespie. The following order was then and there passed by a unanimous vote, to wit: Order in reference to remove the public records from Kas- kaskia to Chester. "Whereas the judge of the circuit court of Randolph county has decided that the proceedings had by the president and board of trusteeo of the town of Sparta, in said county, in the matter of the county seat of said county are illegal and void ; and whereas, the injunction sued out by said president and board of trustees of Sparta against the county commissioners of said county has been dissolved by his honor, Judge Koerner, at the late term of our circuit court held on the 15th inst. : Therefore ordered, that and in pursuance of a law of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled an act for the location of a permanent county seat for Ran- 120A COUfiT HOUSE. PUBLIC BUILDINGS RANDOLPH CO /LL. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 121 dolph county, approved January 30, 1847, the records of Rindolph cjunty be forthwith conveyed to the town of Vhexfer, the present county seat of said county, and that the respective officers of Randolph county and the clerk of the court remove thereto and transact all official business re- quired by law to be done at the county seat at said taint of Ch'jifci; in the county aforesaid." The order is signed by each member individually. The court then adjourned to the next day, when William McBride had the following words entered on the record: I want it understood that I was in favor of not entering the order for removing the records to Chester until our December term of our court. William McBride. This order, passed at a session of the board " irregularly called," gave rise to outbursts of public clamor. Indignation meetings were held at Kaskaskia on the 10th of December, presided over by J. Feaman, with 8. St. Vrain as secretary ; at Preston, on the 15th of December, William Rainey pre- siding, and at various other places, in which meetings, reso. lutions were passed condemning the frauds perpetrated at Chester, and the "indecent" haste of the county commis- sioners. The county election, August 2d, 1847, had been a very spirited one, but failed to bring out more than 1428 voters. James Thompson was defeated by John Campbell, by a ma- jority of 260 votes; John A. Wilson defeated Henry Bil- derback and Anthony Steele by a plurality of 30 and 28 for sheriff. J. W. Gillis, the champion of Kaskaskia, was re- elected recorder over E. Walker and J. D. Spindle. S. St. Vrain was defeated by F. Maxwell for county clerk. H. H. Baker defeated J. H. Clendenin, W. S. Hughes, and J. H. McCarty for treasurer. Samuel G. Thompson was elected surveyor by an absolute majority over Ignatius Sprigg, and E. Leavenworth and D S. Lybarger were chosen coroners. Two county officers, J. W. Gillis, the recorder, and Charles D. Kane, the circuit clerk, continued to hold forth at the old court-house peremptorily refusing to obey the above order. TilE COUNTY COURT AT CHESTER. The regular December term, 1847, of the county board was held in the school-house at Chester, which said house was furnished as a temporary court-house by the citizens of said town. The county board remonstrated with the disobedient county officials, and succeeded in getting the circuit clerk to locate his office at Chester. The recorder, however, was notified on the lltli of November, 1848, that if he failed to remove his office to Chester by the 6th of March, 1849, the office of recorder would be declared vacant. Gillis was ousted by this order, but the people reinstated him by tri- umphantly re-electing him to the office. The election for delegates to the Constitutional Conven- tion 1347-8 resulted in the election of Ezekiel W. Robbins and Richard B. Servant for Randolph county The form of county government was changed under the new constitu- tion, which provided for county courts to be composed of a judge and two associate justices for each county. These 16 officers were to be elected on Tuesday after the first Monday of November, 1849, and to serve for a term of four years. The old county board held their last meeting on the 4th day of December, A. D. 1849. The site of the present court-house at Chester was selected by the county board on the lOih of January, 1849. The lots on which it was erected had been donated to the county by Seth Allen. The building was erected by William P. Haskins, at the expense of private individuals. William W. Taylor contracted with the county board for the building of the old jail at Chester on the 16th January, 1819. The jail site was also donated by Seth Allen, but the building was paid for (-5140) by the county. The valuation of taxable property in 1849 amounted to 81,124,993. The tax levy was thirty-five cents per 100 — aggregating §3,937.47, of which amount $244.40 were re- turned " delinquent." The population of the county in 1849, as stated in the United States census of 1850, was 11,079, the sixteenth place in point of population. The county tax per capita amounted to only thirty-five and three-fifth cents, while, for the current year the county tax amounts to 83 3G for every man, woman and child in the county. This population of 11,000 souls were largely Anglo-Ame- ricans, for although the country of Illinois had been colonized principally by French, the descendants of this old stock had by that time gradually disappeared, and their number was actu- ally less than French colonists of the county were estimated to have been in 1703. The chapter on pioneers mentions a num- ber of Europeans, principally natives of Ireland, who sought and found homes in the county in the very first years of the present century. Among these early arrivals we merely mention James Patterson, and his four sons John, Samuel, Reuben and Jaraes, Robert Huggins, John McClinton, David and James Anderson, Adam Hill, Absalom Cox, James and Archibald Thompson, William McBride, Robert McDonald, Joseph and John Lively, George Wilson, Samuel Crozier, R)b3rt Foster, John Anderson, A. M. Henderson, William Nelson, and others. The reader has met many of these names among the leading citizens and county officials. The German nationality now forming a large part of the popu- lation was scarcely represented in the territorial times of the county. About the year 1817 we fiund two Germans as re5i4 Goods and nierchandi^ie 91,'i95 Capital stock 5,505 Total $2,866,3:17 The taxes for that year were for state purposes 812,970.% County purposes 10.088.06 Special school purposes 8.841.08 Total 511,899.50 The delinquent taxes of 1861 and prior years amounted then to $3,857.57. TAX VALUES OF RANDOLPH COUXTY 1882. 18C2. M.inufactnred articles. 7,023 Moneys and credit" 119,8:12 .\ll otlier personal property... 122,707 Total 5812,5)17 Lands (83,000 acres in culti- vation) 1,010 370 Lots 43-,H80 PERSOVU. PKOPEBTY Valufd (it i ,218 horses $25.32".^ each $137,474 8,.'>37 cattle 2,123 mules Xi-UX 7,810 sheep 1.021 I.5,:i32 ho;ss 91 67 steam-engines.. 217.G4 55 fire-proof safes™ 36.90 21 billiards 31.66?^ 3,790 car. & wagons 12..55J4 4,235 watc. i clocks 2.27 2,319 seir. machines 5.90 145 pianofortes S0..*i3 231melodeons. 18.27 3 franchises 91.CCJJ 2 annui. * royalties .307.00 9 steamb. & vessels 22G.(H;% Merchandise on hand 61,404 7(1,.%tO 8,017 13,935 14,382 2,029 005 47,588 9,024 14,007 7,327 4,257 275 734 Material & manufact articles Manufacturers' tool8,etc Agricultural tools Gold aud silver plate Diamonds and jewelry Moneys of banks. Credits of banks Moneys of other than banks Credits of other than banks Bonds and stocks Shares of capital stock, etc... Property of saloons Household furniture Investments in real estate ... All otner personal property.. 831,307 7,214 6G,()9G .51,038 250,.58o 15,402 60 3,193 94,030 3,630 31,496 Total personal property.. 81,119,105 LANDS ASD vm. 188,973 acres, improved, »t 89.83 4-5 $1,8.59,251 103,413 acres, unimproved, at $3.09 504,772 6,750 lots 646,547 BAILROAK PROPERTT. Wabash, Chester and Western 862,703 Alton and Terre Haute 44,213 Cairo and St. Louis 74,057 Total 84,310,708 These tax valuations appear to represent not more than one-fourth of the fair cash value, and it is safe to state that the property enumerated above is worth fully sixteen mil- lions of dollars. The agricultural statistics of Randolph county set forth that in 1881 I produced 130,054 bushels of < 803,008 2,148 172,900 " 293 " 2,282 " 37,837 1,852 of orchard produced 38,900 " ■• 193 •• " _ 40 wheat, spring wheat. rye. barley. Irish potatoes. sweet potatoes. apples. peaches. pears. 2«acr es of vineyards prod'd 782 gallons of wine. 5.181 ■ of meadow " 4,649 tons of timothy hay 3,922 ' of clover " . 3,318 tons of clover hay. 12,117 ' were pastured. G.5,719 ' are woodland. 9,019 ' are uncultivated, and 9M ■ are laid out in city and town lots. 357 horse?, valued at 817,819, died during the vear, and 430 colts were foaled. Fat cattle, weighing 1,295,516 pounds, were sold, and 214, representing a value of -53,594, died of disease. 3,985 cows furnished the people of Randolph with milk, etc. ; and the report further states that 80,079 pounds of butter, 5,221 of cheese and 085 gallons of milk were sold during the year. 470 sheep, worth *1,4G0, were killed by dogs, and 554, worth 81,826, died of disease. (It is remark- able that this class of sheep is so valuable. The average value given in by the assessor is 81.02 3-5, while the sheep killed by dogs are valued at three times the amount.) The wool clipped it reported to have weighed 47,928 pounds and valued at 8 10,54.3 — about 82,000 more than the sheep were assessed at; besides there were 3,912 sheep, weighing 361,525 pounds, sold, bringing about 815.001) more. 2,949 fat hogs, weighing 535 990 pounds, were sold ; 2,149, weigh- ing 157,463 pounds, died of hog cholera, and 501, weighing 34,271 pounds, died of other diseases. 547 hives of bees produced 1,506 pounds of honey. 900 feet of drain tile was laid in 1881. EX>r.\ruTC0E5 or rivdoli'ii coistv in 1SS2. Assessment, cost of $1,909.25 County jail and ^-risoners 2,441.05 Courts and bailitTs 3,073.*! County officers 0,15K.30 Court house— fuel, ice. insurance 421.51 Court offices, printing and stationery 1,313.25 Elections 848.00 Paupers— in poor house 84,149.47 outside of 2,748.77 " in State institutions 541.03 " inquests 131jn •' new building 4,',i.54,0O S12,.'i25.23 nd bridges 7,021 79 Roads Sundries . 316.98 Total 830,709.36 Deducting the cost of the new building on the poorf:um, to wil, 81,95 1.0:"i from *he above amount, it would appear that the regular county e.xpenditure8 amounted to $31,755.30 To which add interest on 8n,000 bonds I,3ii0.0<) jntcrest on $40,000 bonds at 7 per cent 2,800.03 Interest on 100,000 R. R. bonds at 8 per cent 8,000.00 SH.&53.30 "We failed to obtain the United States Census Re- ports of 1880 before concluding this chapter, in order to add statistics of public interest and permanent value. These reports are however, not ready, and may not be com- pleted for some time From the lists filed by the enumerators in the clerk's office, we glean the following in reference to the population of the various precincts of the county : 1. Baldwin— TovB, 271; ouLside, 1280: total 15.57 2. Bremen.— Toul 'M 3-4. Blair and Central— Tota\ I0.5O 5. BrcwtrviUe.—Tot&\ 546 6. Chester —Town, 2525 ; rural, 1995 ; total 4520 7-8. CouUervilU and 7\Uen.— Total 2004 9. JEiiinfi>i«e.— Total "01 10. Florenee.—Tota\ 701 11. A'a.toM*ia.— Total population 1150 12. Prairie du Roeher— Total 111« 13. Red Bu46, to Jatuary 12th, 1857. Daniel P. Cook, the famous jurisprudent of Kandolph county, Illinois, occupied the office of Altornfy General ju&t long enough to write out his resignation. He qualified on the 5. of March. 1819, and then resigned on the same day. Wm. Ale.\auder was Adjutant General from April 24, 1819, to June 11, 1821. RANDOLPH COUNTY IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS OF ILLINOIS. 1818. George Fisher and Elias Kent Kane. 1848. Ezekiel W. Robbins and Richard B. Servant. 1862. Daniel Reily. 1870. J. H. Wilson and George W. Wall for the Eighth dbtrict, composed of the counties of Monroe, Randolph and Perry. RANDOLPH COU.NTY IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE. INinian Edwards, from 1818 to 1819, and from 1819 to 1824, ivhen he resigned. § Jesse B. Thomas, from 1818 to 182'J, two couseculive terms. His remains wore removed from the old liomej^tead to Everproen cemetery in Chester t.y B. N. Bond only surviving son of ilic governor m November 1870. The state of Illinois is now ereeting a monument over the tomb of her 6rst governor. B. N. Bond, .M. P., is now a resident of Staubery, Gentry county, Jlissouri. * E. K. K.ine had commenced the practice of law in Kaskaskianbout the ye.ar 1814. A man of brilliant talents lie rose toa position among tlie memliers of the bar. As member of the first .tate convention of Illinois he is nienti R. B. Servant, John Campbell (2d term ), J. W. Ralls, Har- vey Neville, Alexander Hood, judges of the county court, and John Braser, Benbow Bailey, James Gillespie, Samuel w.as "triumphantly" elected by a bare majority with the aid of his uwn vote ! He was hung in efBgy at Vincciines by the :inli.sepiinitioni-l-. but ho dis- charged his pledges and his bond by procuring the ilivision from fungress, and as it w.is doubtless desirable to elmngc his residence he eanie home w ith a commission for a federal judgeship of the new territory in liis pocket, and re- moved to Kaskaskia, Illinois. (History of Illinois by Davidson and Struve). 126 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE, AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. B. Adams, James Gillespie (2d term), William Mudd, Armistead Jones, William Mudd (2d term), M. Ireland, Philip Wehrheim, John Wilson, and Philip Wehrheira (2d term), associate justices of the county, from 1849 to 1874. Johu Morrison, John Wilson, Philip Wehrheim, P. Faherty, J. R. Doucliis, M. Ireland, J. B. Frank, James J. Borders, and John C. Johnson, board of county commis- sioners, from 1874 to 1883. County Clerks.— Carboneau, from 1779 to ? ? Robert Morrison, from 1795 to 1803. Paul Harrolson and William Wilson, from 1803 to 1809. W. C. Greenup, from 1809 to 1827. Miles Hotchkiss, from 1827 to 1832, resigned in June. James Hughes, appointed in 1832, and elected in 1833. Andrew J. Dickinson, 1837, resigned in 1839. Robert Mann, appointed clerk pro tern., served 3 months. Ferdinand Maxwell, elected in 1839 and reelected in 1841. J. W. Gillis, from 1845 to 1851. J. M. Cole, from 1851 to 1857. J. H. Nelson, from 1857 to 1864. John A. Campbell, ap- pointed pro tern., 1864. Joseph Scbuessler, elected 1864 to 1865. R. J. Harmer, from 1865 to 1809. J. R. Shannon, from 1869 to 1873. John T. McBride, from 1873 to 1877. R. J. Harmer, from 1877 to 1882. Louis Dudenbostel, 1882. 5/,,,,./^; —Richard Winston, from 1779 to 1782. Timothy du Montbrun, from 1782 to 179i). William Biggs (St. Clair county), from 1790 to 1795. James Dunn, from 1795 to 1800. George Fisher, from 1800 to 1803. James Edgar, from 1803 to 1805. James Gilbreath, from 1805 to 1 809- Beijarain Stephenson, from 1809 to 1814. Henry Connor, Samuel C. Christy, T. J. V. Owens, Ignatius Sprigg, John Campbell, John A. WiLson, elected in 1848. John P. Thompson, 18.50. Sav. St. Vrain, 18-52. John Campbell, 1854. Sav. St. Vrain (2d term', 1856. Anthony Steele, 1858. M. S. McCormack, 1860. John Campbell, 1862. John T. McBride, 18G4. J. R. Shannon, 1866. M. S. McCormack, 1868. J. T. McBride, 1870. Beverly Wilt- shire, 1872 and 1874. Daniel Gerlach, 1876 and 1878. Gerlach, 1«80, and E. J. Murphy, 1882. Treasurers and Assessors.— The county sheriffs were treas- urers until 1809. The duties of assessors from 1795 to 1808 were performed by the township constables and special appointees. David Anderson was the first county assessor, 1808 and 1809. Treasurers and ex-officio assessors: Wil- liam Alexander, 1812 ; William Barnett, K. Barton, John McFerron, Alexander Barber, Samuel G. Thompson, Har- vey Clendenin, Francis S. Jones, Hypolite Menard, S St. Vrain, H. H. Barker, Matthew Huth, H. B. Nisbett, J. T. McBride, J. M. Thompson, George Wilson, Peter Wickline, F. S. Peters, Edmund St. Vrain, William Swanwick, S. B. Hood, appointed in 1881, and William A. Campbell since 1882. (-'oro»er«.— William Kelly, 1795 to 1803; Miles Hotch- kiss, Henry Derousse, R. K. Fleming, D. L. Lybarger, F. C. Peters, F. D. Lewis, F. C. Peters, 2d terra ; H. B. De- rousse, J. H. Altrogy, J. M. Smith, D. L. Lybarger (2d term) ; G.V. Renter, T. J. Garrett, William Heining. (This list is incomplete, as there were no records kept of ofRcers elected prior to 1849.) Surveyors.— ^\\\\Am Wilson, Thomas Patterson, Paul Harralson, James Thompson, Samuel G. Thompson, Ferdi- nand Humphreys, Ezekiel W. Bobbins, James B. Parks, S. G. Thompson, Joseph Noel, R. B. Thompson, James M- Thompson, M. S. McAttee, J. P. Thompson, J. T. Douglas and H. W. Schmidt. Judges of Co!(r<«.— Gabriel Cerre, Joseph Duplassey Jacques Lesource, Nicolas Jarvis, J. B. Barbeau, Nicolas Le Chance, Charles Charleville, and Antoine Duchafours de Louvieres, 1779 to 1790. La Buisniere was State attorney at this period. John Edgar and J. B. Barbeau, 1790 to 1795, by appointment of Governor Arthur St. Clair; Hon. John Cleves Synimes, 1795 to 1809 ; Hons. Jesse B. Thomas, Obadiah Jones, Alexander Stuart, Stanley (iriswold, Wil- liam Sprigg, Thomas Towles, Daniel P. Cook, John War- nock, members of the' General Court of the territory of Illinois, 1809 to 1819; B. H. Doyle, prosecuting attorney; Hong. Joseph Phillips, Richard M. Young, Thomas Reyn- olds, John Reynolds, Theophilus W. Smith, Samuel M. Roberts, Samuel D. Lockwood and Thomas C. Brown mem- bers of the Supreme Court and presiding judges at circuit courts throughout t' e State, 1819 to 18.35; William Mears, Charles Mattheny and Sidney Breese prosecuting attorneys. Hons. Thomas Ford, Sidney Breese, James Semple, James Shields, Gustav Koerner, W. H. Underwood, Sidney Breese, 2d term, H. K. S. Omelveny, Silas L. Bryan, Amos Watts, W. H. Snyder and G. W. Wall circuit judges, 1835 to 1883- Prosecuting attorneys during said period, W. H. Under- wood, W. H. Bissell, P B. Foulke, George Abbott, W. C. Kinney, W. H. Snyder, Amos Watts, J. P. Johnston, John IMichan, Reuben J. Goddard (first county attorney, 1872 to 1880) and D. E. Detrich, present county attorney. Clerics of Circuit ((iiirt..< and exofficio Recorders. — Carboneau, 1779 to 1795; Lardner Clark, 1795 to 1809; William Arundel, 1809 to 1815; William C.Greenup, 1815; James Hughe-s, 1831 ; William Guthrie, 1840; James Quinn, 1845 ; John M. Langlois, 1845 ; Charles D. Kane, 184/; James M. Ralls, 18.50; Savinie,n St. Vrain, 1860; G. H. Pate, 1876 to date. Probate Judgc-^.-Carlh Conn, 1821 to 1827; David J. Baker, 1827 to 1831 ; Dwight Hunt, from March 7 to May 16, 1831 ; James Thompson, 1831 to 1848; John Campbell, from 1848 to 1853; W. P. Haskins, 18,53 to 1853; died during his term of office, and was succeeded by R. B. Ser- vant, 18.55 to 1857 ; John Campbell, 2d term, 1857 to 1861 ; J. W. Ralls, 1861 to 1865; Harvey Neville, 1865 to 1869; Alexander Hood, 1869 to 1873; John H. Lindsey, 1873 to 1877; W. P. Murphy, 1877 to 1882; and G. L. Riess, present incumbent. School CommUnoners or Superintendents.— Sa.mue\ G. Thompson, 183o ; W. McBride, 1839; S. G. Thompson, re- appointed, 1840; M. A. Gilbert, 1843; Thomas Roberts, 1844; Elisha Seymour, 1845 ; James W. Glenn, 1849; J. B. Parks, 1851 ; Robert Mann, 1854 ; Eli Lofton, 1857 ; Mar- quis S. Burns, 18G1 ; John A. Malone, 1865 ; R. P. Thomp- son, 1869 ; Peter N. Holm, 1870 ; R. M. Spurgeon and B. B. Hood, present incumbents. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MOMROE AND PERRY COUXTIES, ILLINOIS. 127 In conclusion we introduce here a ROSTER OF OFFICERS OF RANDOLPH COUNTY, DECEMBER, 1882. George L. Riess, county judge, elected in 1882 ; Louis Dudeubostel, county clerk, elected in 1882 ; Everett J. Murphy, sheriff, elected in 1882 ; John C. Johnson, county commissioner, elected in 1882; James J. Borders, county commissioner, elected in 1881 ; J. B. Frank, county com- missioner, elected in 1880 ; William A. Campbell, treasurer, elected in 1882; William Heiuiug, coroner, elected in 1882; Samuel B. Hood, superintendent of schools, elected in 1882 ; Henry W. Schmidt, surveyor, elected in 1879 ; D. E. Deitrich, slate's attorney, elected in 1880; G. H. Pate_ circuit clerk, elected in 1880. PRECINCT OFFICERS. Baldwin. — W. M. Wilson and James A. Bean, justices . J. AV. Pickett and John P. Cox, constables. Bremen. — John H. Wilson and Henry Heitman, justices of the peace; Henry Detmore and Jacob Wiukelmaun, constables. Blair. — S. B. Boggs and James Harkley, justices of the peace ; and F. M. Welshans and T. W.-Taggert, constables. Breurrvillc. — F. A. Jlarliu and W. P. Boyle, justices ; Albert Snook and Leo Bone, constables. Chr.'yorld, and electric lights turn darkness into day. Such is Randolph county now. Predictions as to what another century may make of her, are idle. There isalimit to all things. The Titans were powerful, they were strong enough to pile mountains on mountains, but they could never reach the sacred heights where Jupiter is throutd. MONROE COUNTY. CIVIL HISTORY — 1816 TO 1882— OI!G ANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. The territory composing the present county of Monroe had formed a part of the old county of Illinois from 1778 to 1790, when it became incorporated in the county of St. Clair. The organization of Randolph county in 179.5 and reorganization of the two counties mentioned above, April 28, 1>09, divided the present county by a line running due east and west from the famous settlement "New Design." The organization of the county was decreed by a formal act of the Legislature of the Territory of Illinois, approved the 6th day of January, ISIG, and to be in force I'rom and after the 1st day of June, 1.S16. This latter clause gave to Monroe the tenth place in the chronological order of counties, to wit., St. Clair, Randolph, Gallatin, Johnson, Madison, Edwards, White, Jackson, Pope and Monroe. The law creating this county reads as follows: ^l(i Aet for forming a new county by the Legislative Council and House of Representatives of the Illinois Terri- tory, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same: That all that part of the county within the following bounds. 128 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS viz: Beginning on the Mississippi river where the base line, which is about three-fourths of a mile below Judge Biggs' present residence, strikes the said river, thence with the base line until it strikes the first township line therefrom ; thence to the southeast corner of township two south, range nine west; thence south to the southeast corner of township four south, range nine west ; thence southwestwardly to the Mis- sissippi, so as to include Alexander McNabb's farm ; and thence up the Mississippi to the beginning, shall constitute a separate county, to be called Monroe. Be it further enacted, That William Alexander, James Lemon, sen., James B. Moore, John Prim and James Mc- Roberts be, and they are hereby appointed commissioners to fix upon the proper place for the seat of justice for said county of Monroe, who shall meet for that purpose on the third Monday of July next, at the town of Harrison, — and they, or a majority of them, when so assembled together, shall take an oath to fix the said seat of justice at such place as they shall think best calculated to promote the conve- nience and interest of said county, without favor or afiection to any individual or individuals; provided, the owner or owners of the land will give to the county for the purpose of erecting public buildings, a parcel of land at the said place, not less than twenty acres, and laid off into lots and sold for the above purpose; but, should said owner or owners refuse to make said donation aforesaid, then and in that case it shall be the duty of the commissioners to fix upon some other place for the seat of justice as convenient as may be to the different settlements in said county, and, when fixed upon by said commissioners, (hey shall certify under their hands and seals, and return the same to the next county court in the county, which said court shall cause an entry thereof to be made on their records of said county. Pro- vided, however, that if the said commissioners, or a majority of them, shall not be able to meet on the said third Monday in July next, they shall meet as soon thereafter as it may be convenient, and either at the first or any subsequent meeting they may continue from day to day, so long as they may think it necessary to form a correct decision, and said commissioners shall be entitled to two dollars each per day that they are necessarily employed in fixing the county seat, to be paid out of their county levy ; and provided, also, that the town of Harrison shall be the seat of justice for said county, until some other place shall be chosen as afore.«aid and public buildings be erected thereon. Be it further enacted, That the said county of Monroe shall be, and hereby is allowed one representative in the House of Representatives of this territory, who shall be elected in the same manner that representatives are now authorized by law to be elected in other counties, and he shall be authorized to exercise all the powers, possess all the privileges, and be entitled to all the emoluments that any other Representative can exercise, possess or receive accord- ing to law. Be it further enacted. That whereas the said county of Monroe was taken off of two districts for the election of Members of Council, all qualified voters who shall reside within those bounds which previous to the passage thereof was a part of St. Clair county shall have a right to vote for a member of the Legislative Council to represent them and the qualified voters of St. Clair county as one district ; and all those qualified voters who shall resMe within those bounds, which previous to the passage hereof, was a part of Randolph county, shall have a right to vote for a member of the Legislative Council to represent them and the quali- fied voters of Randolph county as one district, and it shall be the duty of the sheriflfs of the counties of Monroe and St. Clair within eight days after the election to attend at Bellville and compare the polls and make out and deliver to the person duly elected for that district their joint certifi- cate thereof. And it shall be the duty of the said sheriffs of Randolph and Monroe to attend at Kaskaskia, within ten days after the election to compare the polls and make out and deliver to the person duly elected for that district their joint certificate thereof, provided however that any part of the said duty may be performed by a legally authorized deputy sheriff, the principal sheriff being responsible for the faithful discharge thereof, and if the said sheriff or any of them shall refuse or fail to perform the duties hereby re- quired, such delinquent or delinquents, shall severally forfeit and pay the sum of two hundred dollars to be recovered by action of debt or indictment, one-half to the use of the terri- tory and the other half to the person suing or prosecuting for the same. Be it further enacted, that the qualified voters of said county of Monroe shall be entitled in all respects to the same rights and privileges in the election of a delegate to Congress, that are allowed by law to the qualified voters of any other county ; and all elections hereby authorized shall be held at the seat of justice for the said county of Monroe, and shall in all respects be held and conducted as elections are authorized and required to be held and conducted in other counties. This law to commence and be in force from and alter the first day of June next. RiSDON Moore, Speaker of the House of Representatives. Pierre Menard, President of the Council. Approved January 6, 1816. Ninian Edwards. A plot of the county drawn by Michael Jones, Register, and dated 1816, is on file in the county clerk's office at Waterloo. According to this plot the original county of Monroe contained the southwest half of township 1 South, Range 10 west, the fractional townships 1 South, Range 11, and li-ll, township 2 South, range 10, the southwest half of township 2 South, range 9 west, townships 3-9 and 3-10, and fractional township 3-11 with Harrisonville as " seat of justice," then townships 4-9 and 4-10, and also fractional township 4-11. This area contained in the aggregate 21G,- 640 acres, or about 338i square miles. The organization of Monroe county is one of the acts of the second territorial legislature, composed of Pierre Menard, of Randolph, Samuel Judy,* of Madison, Benjamin Talbott, » Samuel Judy was originally from Monroe county, where his father, Jacob Judy, (Tohudy) a native of Switzerland, had, in 1794, erected a mill, the first water-mill of any kind built by American settlers in that region ; this mill did good service, and was for many years the only one between Kasky and Cahokia. imSTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 129 of Gallatin, William Biggs, of St Clair, and Thomas Fer- guson, of Johnson, forming ihe Legislative Council, and Risdon Moore and James Lemen, jr., of St. Clair ; Philip Trammel and Thomas C Browne, of Gallatin, John G. Lof- ton and William Rabb, of Madison, and Jarvis Hazleton, of Randolph, forming the House of Representatives. The organizalicn of the county did not then give universal satisfaction to the inhabitants of the counties, out of which the new county was fjrined. James Lemen, jr., then a re- presentative of St. Clair county, deemed it proper to explain his vote on the question iu a lengthy address published in the Kaskajkia Herald, the first newspajjcr published in the state. The address contains a vast amount of political wisdom and morality, and is well worthy to be preserved Besides there are numerous descendents of the Lemen family iu Monroe county who may have a personal interest besides in the document To the freemen of St. Clair county. Fellow citizens : Previous to my election as one of your repre- sentatives, I wasnotignoraiit of the responsibility that would devolve on me as a legislator if elected. On turning my. attention to political matters or the subject of legislation ; I have always viewed it as intricate and important, while I have been led to believe that it could not be filled to the satisfaction of all who have to be legislated for, many of whom having real or imaginary local interests involved not differing Irom each other. Therefore let the representative pursue what course he may, if he should receive the sanction and applause of some, he may expect to be censured and calumuiated by others. A consciousness of this circum- stance, induced me to feel much reluctance in engaging such an office, but believing that man was not created to dwell in a state of nature independent of or unconnected wiih each other, but for the formation and benefit of society, by which it is understood that each part should protect and be under the control of the whole so that the community should guard the rights and enforce the obedience of each individual- Thus government, results of course from the formation of society as necessary for its protection, and as each individual owes an equal part to the protection of civil government, therefore each is bound in similar obligations to participate in government, when called by the community to aid in promoting welfare. Although not entirely congenial to my feelings, I freely obeyed the call of my fellow-citizens to a seat in the legislature of this territory, in performing the duties of which I have eudeavored to serve you to the best of my capacity, and when your wishes have been communi- cated to me my most active exertions have been used to pro- mote your wishes. The only subject which I supported without satisfactory information was the erecting of a new county out of the cjuuties of St. Clair and Randolph, but policy dictated to me the necessity of such a measure, for at the first session which I served in the legislature, there was a new county erected out of the northeast part of Gallatin, to which a representative was allowed, and at the last session there were three new counties erected out of the counties of 17 Johnson and Gallatin and Randolph, called White, Pope and Jackson, all of which were suj)plied with members trom Gallatin, one of its former members to supply a representa- tive ^or White, thus the lower counties will at the next ses- sion of the legislature send six members to the house of re- presentatives, while Randolph, St. Clair and Madison (if no division on our ])art had taken place) would have sent but four, which would have given the lower members so decided a majority as to have enabled them to have legislated for the whole territory ; the necessity therefore of throwing an additional weight in our scale of legislative power presented itself to my view and I advocated the measure. I was also sensible of the extreme hardship under which those citizens included in the new county had to labor in attending the seat of justice of the old, a grievance which was represented to the legislature with a petition containing about 200 signers, and believing that nothing short of such a division would tranquillize our county, while we had it in our power to de- signate the division line favorable to it, and fearing that such might not hereafter be the case, I should not have acted ac- cording to the dictates of what 1 conceived to be sound policy, if I had not aided in the division, and I am happy to assure my fellow-citizens that I am of the opinion that it will result to their advantage, as the growing popu- lation in the frontier parts of the counties of St. Clair and Randolph will in a short time demand the erection of another new county, which will perminantly settle the seat of justice in our flourishing county. James Le.mes, Jr. The third territorial legislature of Illinois, elected in August, 1816, two months after the organization of Monroe county, was convened at Kaskaskia on the 2d of December, 1816. Monroe, however, was not represented during this session, which lasted to January 14th, 1817. At the second .session, convened on the 1st of December, 1817, was repre- sented in the legislative council (senate), by Abraham Amos, whose name is frequently mentioned iu the early records of the county. He was a justice of the peace, and apparently a follower of Christ, for as such he solemnized the rites of matrimony between William F. Roberts and Elizabeth Farquer, on the 14th of August, 1817, affixing the letters " M. P." to his name. As Monroe county did not then sport a " Member Parliament " the M. P. above seemed to read Missionary Preacher. The houje of representatives of the third territorial legis- lature, December, 1816, to January, 1818, did not contain a member from Monroe. COUNTY GOVERNMENT. The civil officers appointed by the governor, met at the house of John McClure, at Harrisonvilie, on the 1st day of June, 1816, and caused their clerk to inscribe the follow- ing in the county records, to wit : Organization of the county court. — Pursuant to an act of the legislature of the Illinois territory, passed on the 6th day of January, 1816, for forming a new county out of Randolph and St. Clair counties, to be called Monroe, Caldwell Cairns, James Lemen, Sr., and Abraham Amos, 130 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. gentlemen, met at the house of John McClure, in the town of Harrisonville, and county of Monroe, on the first day of June, 1816, and severally produced commissions from his excellency, the governor, bearing date the lOlh day of January, 1816, appointing them judges of the county court of Monroe county. Whereupon, William Alexander, Esq., by commission from his excellency, the governor, having been appointed clerk and recorder of the county of Monroe, aforesaid, and having heretofore taken the oaths prescribed by law, together with James B. Moore, Esq., his security as clerk, and Caldwell Cairus, Esq., hia security as recorder, entered into and acknowledged bonds in the penalties and with the conditions required by law. And thereupon, the said William Alexander, in pursuance of the act of the legislature in such case made and provided, administered the several oaths required by the constitution of the United States and the laws of this territory, to be taken by the judges of the county courts, to said Caldwell Cairns, James Lemen, Sr., «p ' Abraham Amos. James B. Moore, gentl o, produced a commission from his excellency, the .ernor of this territory, bearing date on the 10th day of January, 1816, appointing him sheriff of the county of Monroe, and together with William Alexander and James Lemen, Sr., his securities, entered into and acknowledged bond in the penalty and with the condition required by law, and took the oaths required by law. James B. Edwards produced a commission from William Alexander, Enquire, clerk of the county of Monroe, appoint- ing him deputy clerk of said county, as also a commission from said William Alexander, as recorder of the county aforesaid, appointing him- deputy recorder of said county, whereupon the said Edwards took the oaths required by law. The little craft, called Monroe county, was now officered to start out on its career as a body politic. The reader will observe that the officers ranked as follows : The judges and sheriff, as gentlemen; the clerk, as esquire, and the deputy without rank The entry does not state to what day or place the authorities had adjourned, but at any rate, the record shows, that they had selected the next Saturday for a meeting, and from the work done at this first " term," it is to be inferred that the county fathers had not been idle during the week. This, the first court, was held again at the house of John McClure, on the 8th day of June, 1816, when the following proceedings were had : Present, Caldwell Cairns, James Lemen and Abraham Amos, gentlemen judges of the county of Monroe. The court proceeded to lay off and divide the county into town- ships as follows, to wit : ordered that Eayle Township, being No 1 in this county, be considered as included in the following boundaries, viz. : Commencing on the Mississippi river, where the base line strikes said river, thence with its meanders until it intersects the tornado, where it crosses said river, thence east until it strikes the county bridge on Eagle creek, from thence following the meanders of said creek to where it passes through the bluff, from thence east of north so as to include Levi Pickett, and from thence to the county line, continuing on to where it commenced. Harrison Township, being No. 2 in this county, be considered as included in the following boundaries, commencing where the tornado crosses the Mississippi river, thence with the meanders of said river to the mouth of the Big Gut below the town of Harrisonville, from thence an east course running between Hugh Kalston and Isaiah Levens, so as to include Kinney's mills and Avington Shirril's, from thence a north course so as to include Valentine's old mills and Converse's, from thence with the meanders of Eagle creek to where said creek passes through the bhiff. Mifchie Township, being No. 3 in this county, be considered as included in the following boundaries, viz : Commencing at the mouth of the Big Gut on the Mississippi river, thence with its meanders to the county line, thence with the county line to where it intersects Range line, between Ranges No. 9 and No. 10 west, from thence a northwest course, so as to include McRul rts until it intersects the division line be- tween Harrison and said township. Belle Fountaine Township, being No. 4 in this county, be considered as included in the following boundaries, viz. : Commencing where Eagle township struck the county line, thence southeast to the corner of said county, thence south to the southeast corner of township No. 4 south, from thence with the county liae until it intersects Mitchic township, from thence with Mitchie until it strikes Harrison township, and from thence until it intersects Eagle township. After establishing these townships the court hastened to gladden the hearts of many of their citizens by elevating them to various offices. John Violeny was made constable of Harri- son, and Michael Masterson of Mitchie, Stephen Terry and Churchill Fulsher became overseers of the poor for Eagle, James Garretson ..nd Solomon Shook for Harrison, James Henderson and Alexander McNab for Mitchie, and Michael Miller and James McDonald, Robert Hawk, William Hogan, William Alexander, Raphael Drury, George McMurtrey and James Bradshaw became supervisors of roads. John Moore, "gentleman," produced his commission as treasurer, and also one of coroner, and was sworn in the office. It was agreed that hereafter the " court" should meet at the house of Thomas O'Conner, and that Thomas O'Con- ner should have a tavern license, for which he was to pay $ J GO per annum. John Cooper was also granted such license, whereupon the court regulated the prices to be charged by said tavern keepers as follows : For a warm breakfast, dinner or supper 25o. For lodging (one in abed) 12J.^ For lodging (two or more in a bed), each 6!4 For whiskey by the half pint 12H For peach or apple brandy, by half pint 12^ For cider per quart 12^ For porter or beer per bottle 37J^ For porter or beer per quart 25 For oats or corn per gallon 12J^ For hay, oats or fodder for a horse, per day 37^ For cherry bounce, per half pint 18>i The court proceeded on the same day to order a tax levy, as follows : HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 131 For each bond servant or slave Sl.OO •• each horse over 3 years old ;V) " eaeh stud-horse, the rate he stands at the season. •' each town and out lot, wind and water-mill, mansion-house, for every $UH) value, the sum of :lil " every sijigle man over 21 years of age $I.l of McKii'Kjht <{• Dnnhj to the Cixnilij. This indenture, made this lUih day of June, a. d. 1816, between John McK night and Thomas Brady, trading under the firm of JIcKnight A Brady, of the county of St. Louis and territory of Missouri of the one part, and William Alexander, James Lemen, sen., James B. Moore, and James McKoberts, commissioners appointed by virtue of an act of assemblv, in that case made and provided for anveruent.'', profits and ajipurtenances whatsoever to the said lots belonging or in anywise apper- taining, and the reversions, remainders and profits thereof, and all the estate, right, title, interest, property, claim and demand of them the said John McKnight and James Brady, of, in and to the same, to have anr.vs J.vMKs. MiKMiaiT A Bi;.\I)Y. J AMiis li. Er)\v.vi;ii.s-. Illinois Territory, | Monroe County, j Be it remembered, that on the 2i'th day of July. l^Ki, James B. Edwards, one of the subscribing witnesses to the foregoing deed of conveyance, personally appeared before me, a justice of the peace of Monroe county aforesaid, and made oath that he saw Thomas Brady, one of the firm of McKnight and Brady, the grantors in said deed mentioned, sign and heard him acknowledge the same as anil for his free and voluntary act, and alloweii the same to be recorded iu the recorder's office of said county, given under my hand and seal the day and year aforesaid. I'jjiNCE Bry.^st, /^ _ ^^ Justice of the Peace. v^— -_>/ The title thus conveyed to the county by the firm of Mc- Knight and Brady was, as lawyer Guy Gaylord contended, not perfect, and the county authorities were unsuccessful to find purchasers. In IM^^, April 28, a second deed to the .same real estate was made, signed this time by John Mc- Knight, Thomas Brady and Harriet, his wife, individually. .Still the people were very slow in investing in this property, .so that even (.Jen. .lohn Edgar, of Kaskaskia, felt it his duty to come to the rescue, which Ir.' did in th.> following card published in the Illinois Intelligencer of June 15, 181!), to wit : Nutice. — Wherea-s the public in general and particularly 132 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. the inhabitants of Monroe county, are concerned for the honest growth and prosperity of the county seat of said Monroe county at Harrisonville : Therefore, for the inform- ation of the public, I decertify that I have sold all my claim to the land whereon said C(>unty seat is situate to Messrs. McKnight and Brady, and know of no other claim to said land than that of the above named McKnight and Brady. Kaskaskia, May 12, 1819. III. Inteirnjencer, June 16, 1819. John Edgar. Leaving this subject we return to the assessment of tax- able property which was ordered by the board to be made at ODce. The writer believes that the following are the iden- tical-returns made, although they arc without date. They are made out in the handwriting of John Moore and signed by him, who, as seen elsewhere, was the first assessor of the county. He served as such two consecutive years, and his returns may also serve here for the purpose of a census, which was taken in 1818, but not preserved. The names of the tax payers are alphabetically arranged; and may call up many recollections of times passed. LIST OF TAXPAYERS OF MONROE COUNTY — 1816. Alexander William, Anderson William, Arundel William, Arnold James, Atchison John, Abraham Amos, Axley Eli- sha, Atchison John, Atchison William, Alexander John, Ayers William, Berver Nathan, Bryan Daniel, Bradshaw Absalom, Brimberry John, Boggs Jesse, Baldwin Francis, Bryant Prince, Badgley Ichabod, Bryan William, Boisen Ebenezer, Blaukenship Noah, Borer Jacob, Beaird Joseph A., Brown William, Bradley Kubin, Barrick William, Brock George, Blankeuship Matthew, Brown William, Brownfield Charles, Browufield Theron, Bradshaw James, Barkner Abner, Bond Shadrach, Clark Felix, Clark Jacob, Carey Joshua, Clark Edward, Chaffiu William, Chafhu Seth, ChafEn Ellis, Chaffin Amos, Cooper Jesse W., Crouch Ed- ward, Chance William, Clark Ben., Clark William, Cape W. B., Cooper John, Chandler Amos, Converse Seth, Calhoon Ann, Carr Leonard, Clover Jacob, Cairns Caldwell, Cook E. R., Cartell Jacob, Drury Raphael, Dunn Samuel, Davis Elijah, Dace Michael, DSce Herman, Deconey John, Deprew Michael, Divers John, Dillard Ishmael, Eastwood Abraham, Eastwood Jacob ( what has become of Eastwood Isaac? Eagan John, Everett William, Eastes Jehu, Eberman Abraham, Fields Henry, Fowler James, Fry Cath., Forquer George, Ford Elizabeth, Garrish Edward, Forquer William, Go^mer Peter, Goldsmith Charles, Green Barditt, Greenleaf Mayo, Garretson James, Grate John, Hull Daniel, Hettick Andrew, Henderson James, Howard William, Hogan William, Halde- man Christopher, Hogan Joseph, Hammon Michael, Hoit , Hogan Prior, Hawk Robert, Hawk John, Hartman Fred- erick v., Hendricks James, Hamilton Thomas M., James John, James Thomas, Jameson John, Jameston Alexander, Jonstou Nathaniel, Jonston John, Jonston William, Kinney Joseph, Kidd Robert, Kinney Andey, Kirkpatrick Francis, Kissel James, Lemen William, sr., Leraen James, Lemeu William, jr., Lemen Moses, Lemen Josiah, Layway Baptist, Lock Gerardis, Levins Isaiah, Leathers Charles, Lathy Robert, Lusby Thomas, Laster George, Ladd Elijah, Moore J. Milton, Miller Michael, Miller Jesse, Miller Robert, Mars Thomas, Miller John, Marney Benjamin, Mitchell John, Martin "Lawyer," Miller Henry, Moredock John, Moore John, May Reuben, Modglin John sr., Modglin Henry, Moore James B , Miller Joseph, Miller Ruben, Modglin John, Moore Enoch, Modglin Henry, Mattingley Richard, McMurty George, McDonald James, McKinzey Rolley, McDavid John, McNabb Alexander, McKeen Joseph, McDaniel L , McDaniel James, McClure John, McRoberts James, McMeen Joseph, Nolin Samuel, Nelson Thomas, Nelson James, Nelson Abraham, Newlin James, Osborn Fran- cis, OCorner Thomas, Preston J^zekiel, Porter James, Page Louis, Payne Adams, Porter Thomas, Parraux Pascal, Par- raux Amable, PiggottLevi, Parmer Ambrose,Patterson Luke, PattersonCharles,Primm John, Ray ner Samuel, Rapert Dan- iel, Rogers William, Rader Philip, Rolsten Hugh, Roach John Robins William, "Rite Mr.", Roberts Henry, Robins John, Roberts Jesse, Robinson David, Ryley Mills, Ramey George, Sterritt Thomas, Skeen Jacob, Shehen Sebastian, Starr Dan- iel, Shehen John, jr.. Smith James, Scovel Henry, Pink Dan- iel, Strout Peter, Scott George, Shephard John, Summers John, Shook Solomon, Scott Jehu, Scott John, Strong Solo- mon, Shook Daniel, Shephard James, Stevens Samuel, Ster- ritt Avington, Smith Samuel, Sullivan James, Scott Francis, Sterritt William, Taylor Levi. Trask Mervin, Tolin John, jr., Tolin Isaac, Trout Jacob, Todd Widon, Turner James, Turner Samuel, Talbott Thomas, Talbott Elijah, Taylor Thomas, sr., Taterfield Jesse, Talbott Joshua, Taylor James, Taylor Thomas, jr , Varnum Moses, Vollentine George, Volleutiue Ichabod, Varnum Jewett, Vaughn Th., Williams Zophor, Westbrook Elisha, Worley Joseph, Wilson J. M., Worley William, Woodrum John,sr , Worley John, Wiswell Jesse, Wright Josiah, Winters John, Wells Alexander, Warner John, Whaley James, Whaley Baker, Woodrome J. P., Woodrome David, Whiteside David, Woodrome Wil- liam, Whiteside IMary, W^allis George, Welch Edward, Woodrome Joel, Wilson Otho, Wilson Edward; Wiustanley Thomas, Wightman John, Young David, and Yannie Law- rence. Remarks. — The number of people subject to paying taxes was 269. Of these were 47 unmarried men, over the age of 21 years, who had to pay a tax of 81.00 per capita for the enjoyments of bachelor life, and for being the " beaux" of their time. The taxable property of that period of time con- sisted in slaves and horses, also in mills, distilleries, mansions and town lots. The assessment of 1816 shows that there were 22 slaves in the county, owned by Jacob Trout, Philip Rader, James McRoberts, fohn Jameson, Joseph Hogan, James B. Moore, George Ramey, each owning one slave, Mary Whiteside, Caldwell Cairns, R. Mattingley and Shad- rach Bond, each owning two Solomon Shook owned three, and Joseph A. Beaird, four slaves. There were 5^9 horses in the county, the tax on which produced S299.50. A large majority of the 222 families of the county lived in cabins, which were'^iot reached by the tax gatherer. The more opulent, who livtd in "mansions," were the following: Francis Baldwin lived in a 400 dollar palace, Joseph A. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 133 Beaird had a " city" residence, located on two lots, and valued at 8500. Jesse W. Cooper acd John Cooper also owned town lots, valued respectively 8300 and S500. Seth Converse resided in an expensive mansion, worth 8550 in rural districts. Raphael Drury was most extravagant ; for his, a planter's residence, was rated at 8700, and Arthur Eberniairs at 8"2O0. Michael Dace had two lots worth 8100. James Grate and James Garrttson had good farm houses, worth 8300 and 8350. James Henderson's and John Hogan's dwellings were worth 450 and 400 dollars. Thomas James' Harrisonville residence was assessed at 8600; Alexander Jameson's at S'200 ; James Lemen and Thomas Lusby had town residences of.?4()0, and SlOO value ; John Moore rivaled Raphael Urury in the elegance and ctstliness of residence, for he rated his house also at STOO ; Michael Miller's at J-250, and Jiinus B. Moore's at 8100 ; Daniel Sink sunk 8(iOO to build him a mansion ; Solomon Shook, 8350; and John Shehen, Jr., 8'^00 Thus we see 22 families comfortably " housed," and it is to be supposed " that the owners of mills also had convenient house room. They were Andey Kinney, whose mill i^* rated at 81,000. Andey had erected a cotton machine besides." I.-hmael Dillard's mill was assessed at 8950, and Richard ]\laltingley's at SoOO. There were 31 town lots owned and improved by indi- viduals. The taxes to be collected tn this assessment give the following figures: Fpriy-.«evcn bachelors were e.ipectcd to pny for the fnn of being sneh, S47.00 The owners of the 22 sUves had to pay tl per eapitu, 22.110 The owners of the 390 hordes were taxed 50 cenis eneh, 2'.i'j JO And Edward Crouch, who kept a staUion, was taxed 3.00 Owners of mill property paid ."io cents per hundred dollars ad vn'orem: Valueof mill property, S2200.:.o, 11.25 Value of mansions, J83C1 ^1-'^ Total expected revenue of 1816, S424.50 The slave property was not valued very high in those days, and, if the tax per capita should be a criterion, we may infer that two horses were equivalent in value to a slave. We add here a short sketch of what the records of the county have to say on the subject : A census of slaves residing in Monroe county was com- pleted on the 30th of January, 1817. The number of slaves reported was small— only 13 all told. Joseph A. Beaird owned then a couple of blacks, Henry and Annaky, who were "indented" for a short 80 j'ears ; both will be "free" on the 30th of January, 1897. James McRoberts' man George was to be free in 18.9. William Hogan's negro servant must have been a man of letters, for he went under ♦Look Here ! ! For the encouragement of those that wish to raise cotton that may live con- venient, I therefore give this early notice, that I have erected a cotton machine at my mill on the waters of liyans creek, in St. Clair county, six miles from Harrisonville, said machine goes by waler, and will "machine" one thoufand weight of cotton per day, leaving less seeds or motes in it than any cotton that has ever appeared in this territory. )Iy price for "machining" is the seventh pound, but any " person living e.ist of the road leading from Prairie du Kochcr to Cahokia fetching cotton, shall have it " machined" for ihe eighth pound,— or any person living west of the Mississippi fetching cotton shall have it on the same terms. Any person favoring me with their custom on any day of the week, except the Sabbath, their business will be immediately attended to, and their work done in the neatest order by the subscriber. Andet Kinnet. Illinois Uerald, December 4, 1814. the name of " Doctor," and was to be free in 1857. He came from Georgia. John Jameson owned a " wench " of royal blood. She was named Dido, after the queen of Car- thage in North Africa. Freedom dawned for her in 18G2, when she would be 61 years of age. Her cradle had stood in the bluegra.ss region of Kentucky. Richard Mattingley had two slaves, Henry and Harry, aged 23 and 20 years respectively; both were to be free when they reached their 54th year of age. R. B. Herring's man Harry was to be free in 1847. James B. Moore owned a family of a mother, two daughters and a son. The latter enjoyed the beautiful and significant name of" Boar," was 13 years old, and was to be a free boar in 1839. Frederick Mason brought a six- year old boy, named Hank, from New York, who was to be a free man when 21 years of age. The taking of servants from Illinois to Mi.^souri could not be done without consent of the servants, to be obtained before the county court, as given here : Illinois Territory, ) Monroe County, J *''" This is to certify that Page, an indented negro woman, the property of Henry Leveiis, personally appeared b fore the undersigned, one of the judges of the county court for the county aforesaid, and being examined separate and apart from her said luaster, voluntarily declared that she was willing to go into the Mi.s.soiiri Territory with her present owner. Given under my hand and seal, this 12lh day of July, 1817. Caldwell Cairns. (^^j^J emancipation PAPEHJ;. The manumission of slaves had to be made a matter of record. Among thfse records is found the following queer entry, to wit : Be it remembered that on this IStli day of March in the year 1820, Andrew Mitchell, born on the first day of Oc- tober, 1776, sUiui mid robust, iiriijh'nifj ahnut 240 pounds and produced from under the signature and seal of the clerk of the circuit court of St. Louis a certificate in the following words, viz.: Territory of Mkwuri, St. Louis. Know all men by these presents that I, Andrew Mitchell, of the same territory and county of St. Louis, do by these presents, of my own free will and pleasure, emancipate and from this date forever set free from me, my heirs, executors and administrators my " negruw " woman named Nance or Nancy and her four children, to wit, a girl named Lucy, a boy named Charles, a boy named Solomon and a girl named Cordelia, the said negroes to be henceforth forever dis- charged of all demands of servitude in ihe same manner they would have been if they had been born free. In testimony whereof I have set my hanil and seal, in the presence of witnesses, this 4th day of October, 1819. Andrew Mitcuell. ( seai> i 134 HISIORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Territory of Missouri, \ county of St. Louis, j **■ Circuit court Dec. 1819. Be it remembered that on the first day of December per- sonally appeared in open court George I'itzer and Christopher M. Price and being duly sworn upon their oath say that they saw the faid Andrew Mitchell sign, seal and acknow- ledge the same as his own act and deed for the purposes therein mentioned. /< — ^ Given under ray hand and seal of office at St. (J^^j Louis, Dec. 8, 1819. Archibald Gamble, Clerk. The records do not explain, why the above was placed on record of Monroe county. The last " free papers " found in the court house were never made a matter of record. A small slip of paper, 6x8 inches, sets forth the following : Mr. AVm. Omelveny, The bearer hereof, Susan Battiste, has been raised by me and has served her time out and is now of age and is entitled to her free papers. April 22nd 1847. John Divers. TESUKE OF land. — THE RENAULT GRANT. This subject has been treated on preceding pages in this chapter under the heading of Randolph county, to which pages the reader is respectfully referred. The ancient French colony of St. Philip, a few miles above Fort Chartres was founded about the year 1725 by Philip Franr;uis Renault, (usually called Renault) and his followers who came directly fram France. The older colonies, Cahokia in the north and Kaskaskia in the south of St. Philip were founded by Cana- dians, French by birth and by descent. The lands occupied by said Renault had beeu granted to hira by the authorities of France. The American state papers, volume II. page 164 contain the following statement in reference to this claim ; "On the 14th day of June 1723 a grant was made to Philip Renault in fee simple in order to enable him to sup- port his establishments at the mines of upper Louisiana, by Boisbriant and des Ursins, the former styling himself the king's lieutenant and governor of the province of Louisiana, and the latter, principal secretary of the royal India com- pany, of a tract of laud at a place called the Great Marsh bounded on the south by lands of the Illinois Indians, estab- lished near Fort Chartres, of one league in front on the Mis- sissippi and extending back into the county two leagues." All that part lying between the Mississippi and the hills or blutfs has been conveyed by said Renault in small allot- ments to sundry individuals. Out of this grant of Renault has arisen the village of St Philip, the lots of which were parts of the oblong tracts and were either occupied as build- ing spots by those who owned the said tracts or purchased by others from those who did own them. Nearly all these subdivisions were in 1809 claimed and owned by Joseph Morrison, Wm. Mcintosh, John Evert, Wra. Morrison and Wm. Murray. St. Philips : The common field lands of this French village were surveyed by Wm. Proctor and return made to the office of the surveyor of the United States June 2nd, 1809. There were then 27 oblong tracts of various dimensions, running north 2(3° 30, east, from the river to the bluffs. The original owners, as far as it can be ascertained from the United States papers vol. II. page 164 were as follows, commencing at the southern line, which line has a length of 1305 poles. Charles Vein conflrmed to John Everet 110 acres. J. B. Mollet " Joseph Morrison 269?^ " Louis Pothier " Joseph Morrison 284}^ " Viaiilt Esperome " John Everet 28414 •' Louis PoHlin " heirs of Jean Mereiers •. . . . 18'J'4 " Jean Legr.inge '* Joseph Morrison 189 " M. Gorgnon " Joseph Morrison 94 " Nieliolas Prevost, dit Blandine Wiliiam MorrLson 189 " Joseph Belcour " Joseph Morrison 284 *' Louis Lenray " William Morrison 190 " William Drury " William Morrison 190 " Jean B. Gendron " Joseph Morrison 95 " Etienue Leiand " Joseph Morrison 190 " M. Gagnord " Joseph Morrison 285 " J. B. GodiD, alias Champagne Joseph Morrison 284 " Buchette * Bienvenue " Jo.seph Moriisou 800 " Buohette >(; Bienvenue " William Murr.ay 033 " Nichol.as Prevost " John Everet 284 " Michael Laguiness " Joseph Morrison 174 " Jean Legrange '• Joseph Morrison 2.73 " Antom Larcello " William Mclutosh 108 Miehael Laguiness " Joseph Morrison . . 3:51 " Etienne Guevremont " Joseph .Alorrison 102 '* J. B; Gendron " Joseph Morrison 8K '* Jean & Pierre Gerardin" Joseph Morrison 236 Joseph Pierre " J. F. Perry 5.50 Frangois Noisee " John Uice Jones 5.52 " Aggregate number of acres 7,420 The north boundary line measures 1,072 poles. The lands of the common fields of St. Philip's are now owned by Jacob Fults' heirs, Oliver Nie's heirs, James Rut- ledge, George Bradshaw's heirs, P. C. Koch, Andrew Koch, Philip A. Maus, A. B. Cavanah, Jacob Rebenack, F. W. Brickey, Brickey and Anhuchon, Jacob Meyer, John Mat- tingiey, M. Claudet, Joseph Harsey, E. L. Morrison, David Klamp, James Canifl, Michael Carr, Peter Zeiger, William Crook, Demint & Hardy, Dennis Chartmnd, D. W. Bryant, W. J. Burke, Edward Ahern's heirs, Charles Doerr's heire, Aquilla McNabb, Theodor Hursey, Henry Jacobs, Edward Coon, John Barnes, Peter Kelley, Edward Faherty, Mary Slate, John Wall, William Winkelmann, Rob. Orr's heirs and Mary A Shenly. Among the names of the present owners are found only three of French appearance, to wit, Aubuchon, Claudet and Chartrand. The American pioneer families seem to be represented by the Bradshaws, the Mor- risons, Bryants and McNabba. Many German names are also met with in the above list, while the Kelleys and Fa- hertys show that the Emerald Isle is not left without proper representation. Philip Fran5ois Renault, after having disposed of the southern part of this grant, returned to his native country, where he died, as is said, in 1755.* The north part of his * Andri5 Narcisse de la Mothe, of Montreal, appeared in court at Waterloo^ on the ICth of August A. D. 1880, and produced a power of alt orney from the heirs of said Renault, and, in substance, made the followin g statement : The ofBcial records of the " Tribunal ciril de Peroune, France," exhibit. That Philip Franijois Renault died in "France" on the24lhof April, 1775, being the owner of large tracts of land in Amarica, grouted to him A. D. 1723 by the French Government, among which the Renaud (Renault) Grant in Monroe countv. His children surviving him were: Philip Francois Celestine, Thomas Joseph, Marie Jeanne Augustine, Marie Anne Celestine Philliipine married to M. Frangois, and Marie Caroline Gabrielle, married to Martin HISTORY OF RAXDOLl'H, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES. ILLINOIS. 135 claim was never dispoed of by Reuault. It was "u|il!iii(i," somewhat broken and hilly, and consequently not desirable at a period of time wlien bottom lands could be had for tiie asking, as it were. The United States having declared the original grant to Renault valid, the unoccupied parts of it were never included in the United States surveys. In the course of time, fcjuatters occupied portions of it and converted the wilds into fields of plenty. These occupants were tax free, inasmuch as the land was not and could not be thiir property. In later times, about the years 1840 and l^i41. the laud was listed for taxation and sold for taxes to John Kyan and E. P. Rogers. This sale was annulled March 5, 184, John Gutman's widow ;>.'! .SO, Fred. Roever oS ,S7, Henry Juelfs, two lots- 2ti0 07, Christine Brandt I'JO M, Nicholas Sutler 1.4."), Chris- tian Stahl 151.80, Henry Vogel 131.71, Mary A. Vogel 58.17, Charles Doerr 12.14, Charles Meister 71.51, Frank' Brown 14()..')0, Peter Vogel 57.14, William Vogel 20.53' Christian Hoppe, two lots, 2.56, Adam Eigner 148.18, Her. maun Landwehr 155.10, Ulrich Meyer 47-100, Church pro perty 1 acre, Joseph Heller 9(i.33, George Harlow's heirs 118 ()!), Conrad Burkhardt 12 6, Lewis Wortmann 10.5.02, Henry Wortmann's widow 4 03, William Wortmann's estate 1()8..)8, John Schult (i.34, Joseph Heller's estate Oo.liO, John Niemann 160.24, Fred. Heller 188 35, Louis Eymann 148.80, Latoiir. Thomas Joscpli nnd Marie Jonnne Augustine dieil without issue (dalf of decease not mentioned) iifter having willed all their interest in the ►aid grant or grants to their older brother, Philip I'rancjois Celesline Henaul (Renault). The lut enlied Febru.iry 3, ITiin, leaving ns only heir his daughter, Amelie Josephine Keiiaut, married to Monsieur de Pancemont. Sh>- died intestate January 18, 18;t^, leaving an only heir, to wit ; her daughter, .\ugu>tine Anne Peeise Hyacinthe .idele, married to Cou..t do Tournou Simiiine. Her three children, to %vit: Philip Auto n Fransois, An\elie Helene Frant'oise Rose, and Marie Amelie Stephanie, widow of Count de Croi.x, were still living, repre- senting three-fifths of the estate of the original Uenaut. Marie Anne Celestiiie Philippine Francois, the fourth direct heir of Renault, died November 2M 178K, and her descendants, now eight in number, representalso one-fifth in i aid' estate. Marie Caroline (iabric le I.atunr died January 2», 17115, and her descendants now surviving, forty in number, own another one-tiflh of the grant. The order of sale for the purpo,-e of partition, made by the above- mentioned tribunal, was approve I by the Court of Appeals at Amien.! July 31, 1870. Mr. I.a Mothc, mentioned above, claims to be the owner of the northern jart of the old Renault grant, by virtue of purchase. He brought suit in the United Stales Court of Illinois, at Springfield, and obiainedjudguient. The mitter is at prj, 1840. Now comes Emry P. Rogers, surviving partner of John Ryan, deceased, by H. K.S. Umelveny, atid filea his motion, requiring this court to direct theij. cleric to correct an error in the list of lands sold for taxes for the years 1840 and 1841 on the 5th day of September, 1842, in his office by making the sale of the north half of Renault grant as having been erroneous, and to refund the taxes paid for the years 1840. 1841, 1842, 1843 and ISJ.'.. And thereupon the said petitioner produces in proof of the justice of this motion the nertitieate of Jacob Feaman, register of the Land Office of the United States at Kaskasliia, Illinois, stating that the above described land has never been confirmed to the heirs of Renault, and that the title to the said land is still in the United States, and alio a letter from James .Shields, Commissioner of the General Land OfHce of the United States, setting forth the .same facts. And it appearing to the Court that the said tract'pf Und, t« wit. the north Half of Kenaulfs grant was not taxable atthe date of thesaidsale, it is ordered that the taxes thereon for said years, amounting to 8170.65 be refunded to the said E. P. Rogers, and said sale be annulled. John Niemann 50.04, John Brown, Jr., 73.85, Philip Fauer- bach 66.36, Jacob Fults 301.07, Michael J. PVisch 07 72, Philip Kissel ()1.30, J. P. Brown, Sr., 88.10, Peter Roden- berg, Sr., 102.(54, Ernst Prange 5.45, Dieterich Oft'erniann 198.83, Elenry Jacobs 151.0, Louis Wortmann 141.10, Henry Rodenberg's estate 141 57, John Lorenz 141.12, Fred. Jan- sen 56.70, Frederick Hendrix 402.24, Joseph Heller's estate 225 60, John Ihdler 80.;)4; lots 12, 18 and 25, containing 26 89 acres in the aggregate, are " unclaimed." These fifty- six lots compri-e an area, according to county survey, of 5,202 acres, and are assessed at only $12,840. The actual value, if a perfect title can be obtained, is much greater, probably $35 per acre. Some of the " claims" would bring S75 per acre, and the actual value of these 5,202 acres is certainly not less than $180,000. Other Land Oniiits. — Besides the Renault Grant, there was a large number of "family head," "donation," " \'ir- ginia improvement" and militia rights located in the county, aggregating over 40,000 acres. In order to present to the reader an accurate view of all lands occupied or owned by individuals prior to the year 1820, the following table has been carefully arranged, ac- cording to congressional townshijis: LANDS ENTERED. T. 3 8. — 8 W 1st Entry .\pr.l 24, 1815 Subsequent Entritt. William Morrison, parts of j \ Patrick Faherty, partsof sec. 29 . . 80 Aaron Youngman, parts of see. 32 . ICO James .Smith, part of section 35 . . IGO Preston Brickey, part ol sec. 30 . . lliO C uitiis ami Sari-ei/s—iStiS. '. John Edgar, survey 005, part in Ualeigh Rawles, parts of sec- tions 25 and 2l> 320 Stanley Dodge, parts of section 2;i . so 3-7 John Ri. . 1143 . 1715 T. 2 SI 9 w. ls( Entry— DtetmhtT 3, 1SI4. James B. Moore, S. E. of sec. 7 . . Subsifjut-nt EidrUt. . MO . OS . 157 . 1110 . 80 .144 Claims aiul Sarveifs. « illiam Higgs, survey 784, parts Joseph McMun, parts of sec. . . I^. McDaniel, parts of sec. . . . Heirs of J. H. Moore, parts of John Murdiick, survey, 041-171, parts in 2-10 James Moore, survey 304 and 030 parts in 2-10 James (tarretsou, survey 4u7 ,fc 720 '. .090 .480 William Farquer, parts of sec 33 Cook & Farquer, parts of sec. 30 and 31 James B. Moore, survey 778 . . -9 w. Moses Lemon, parts of sec. 19 . Pierre Menard, parts of sec. 19 Cliinis and Suri-iys. Peter Casterline, survey 722 . . George Dement, survey 390 . . . James Lemon, survey 395, part . 400 Heirs of G. Dement parts sec. 31 T. A \st £n(n/,v4pn7 2n, ISLI. Pierre Menard, N. W. of sec. 7 . . Subsequent Eutrii-!. Richard Dalton parts of sec. r. . . Jesse Miller, parts of sec. . . . . John Tolin, parts of sec. 7. . . . Isaac Tolin, parts of sec. 17 . . . . nil 3 s.- . 100 74 . 140 1.10 100 100 811 3034 Acj-es. . 160 .168 .102 . 109 T. M. Hamilton, parts of sec. 17 . Moses Varnum, parts of sec. 17 . 1003 T 4. s.^ — 9 Ut E>itrt/, September IG, 1814. W. Hendrix. E. half of 9. E sec. 20 . Spencer Atkins, p*rt of sec. 24 . . Kzra Owen, part of sec. 2> F. K. Owen, part of sec. 3G Ctiin and Surveij. Nicholas Jorrot, survey G13 , T. 5 s. — 9 w. Acres. CUiims and Surveys. Nicholas Jarrot, Survey 743 400 William Atchison, survey 610 400 800 136 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. T. 1 N — 10 W. s aid Surcei/s, M'y} 1, ISlj Will. Mcintosh, survey 750 . Nicholas /arret, fract. sec. 31 . T. 1 S. — 10 W. Claims and Swrveya. Daniel McCann, survey 5o8 .... 400 John Etlgar, survey 773 4(iu David Wliiteside, survey 418 . . . . 300 Willi.im Biggs, survey 417 400 Jacob Judy, survey 413 400 Benjaniiu Ogle, survey 044 .... 300 Joseph nu'l., vim.y .'..->(i 400 Franc-l- n-lli.r. -inv.-y 5.55 . . . . 400 Jamus I'mii'il. -iiiirys4104054 . . 801) Jacol> (.]..ot, .-luvev 41.1 4CHI Stephen Kerry, survey 0.*)4 . . . . Nicholas Smith, survey 411 . . . Henry O'llarra, survey 414, part CaldM.-nCa in 1-11 . rvey 413, part 1 vey 74", part 1 T. 2 Leonard Harness, survey 434, part in 1-11 ls( Eiitrji September 7, 1814. .\bsaloin Bradshaw, N. W. quar- ter of see. 24 Siihtcqiient Ell Samuel Hill. John J. ^. Adelaid I'.ii as N,-Knn, parts of sec- 20 . . .so Hiadshaw, parts of see. 35 . lOO I Whitley, parts of sec. 30 . . 117 -10 W. Sur J. Wo.Iey . He ey. Aers 507 11. (i 705 100 721 2mi i'.l7, 042 500 04O 4' HI 670 400 400 4011 Shaihaeli Bond, Sr . Sliailrach Bond, Jr . . .330,502,012 00 John Singleton 713 Kh J. Hyan c:il si Mlei.ael Miller 7.V, lo George \alenline 30;; loi Fubt Entry, Dec. 3, 1814. Soth Comerse. . B. \V. of sec 8 11 Theion Bruiinfiel.l, part of see. i si T. 3 s.— 10 w J.ilm Berks . J.iliii Kyaii , 1. ,V T. Tax In ....i„g,. Far,|i ,1. ,i .1. liuiila .1. y[ Mi.i.ie . K|.l,raiii.s,o: .Mieliaul.Mill. 12 120 25 201 13 112 James Henderson . . COO pi ili 4 m i" Henry I.eyens . . . i.;;:i ii> deorge Biggs. . . . ci:i :;" Jaine.sM Francis Baldwin and J. ^Mitchell. The county was divided into the following road districts, Junes, 1817. No. 1. To commence on the Kaskaskia rnail at the southern boundary of Harrison township, and run north to what is called Robbin's place, or otherwise to a large pecan tree near said farm, with Thomas James as supervisor. No. 2. To contmence north at the Mitchie towasliip line and run south to the southern boundary line of the rnuiity, with William Worley as supervisor. No. o. To commence south at Robbin's |)lace, or the Pecan tree, and run north to the north end of the county bridge across Eagle creek, with George Atchinson as supervisor. No 4. To commence south at the north eml of the county bridge across Eagle creek, a' d run from thence north to the northern boundary line of the county, with Thomas Harrison as supervisor. No. 5'. To begin at the south line of the county and run north to the lane between the fields of Michael Miller and Felix Clark, with George M. Mourtry as supervisor. No. 6. To commence south at said line and run north to the boundary line of the county, with William Forquer as supervisor. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 139 EARLY JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, Moses Jameson, Alexander Jameson, Thomas Brownfield; J. W. Cooper, J. M Moore, Henry C. Miziier. John Roach, John Scott, Prince Bryant, John James, Seth Converse, John Divers, John Prim, Daniel Hull, Joseph Worley, Thomas M. Hamilton, and Alexander McNabb. From a record of stock marks of 1816 to 1818 we are enabled to give to the reader the names of all farmers of the counv owning stock. These names have been arranged in alphabetical, but not chronological order, to wit: Elisha Axley, William Alexander, Abraham Amos, Ichabod Badgley, Jacob Borer, John Burk, Seth Chalfin, Edward Crouch, Abram Clark, William Chalfin, Caldwell Cairns, Edward Clark, Jacob Clark, Adam Clover, John Clover, John Cooper, Moses Clawson, Ebenezer Clawson, Amos Chalfin, Joshua Carey, David Cox, Jonathan Church, James Cleiideuin, Daniel Converse, Robert C.)lman, Wil- liam Chance, Felix Clark, John Clark, John Coop, Erapson B. Cantril, John Cirr, W. C. Bryant, Raphael Drury, Michael Dace, David Ditch, G W. Ditch, William Ditch, Geo. W. Davis, Elijah Davis, James Davis, (called the pauper), Barnett Ertis, John Eagan, George Estes, Jacob Eastwood, Joseph Evans, Abraham Eastwood, Churchill Fulsher, William Farquer, Gram Fisher, Jacob Fultz, Jere- miah Gilman, James Garrison, John Grate, Edward Gavish, Euos L. Gaylord, William Goldsmith, Jake Garritson> William G. Goforth Joseph Hogan, Daniel Hull, P. Hogan, James Henderson, William Howard, Peter Holderaann, John Hogan, Daniel Hilton, Robert Haskins, John Haskins, Joseph Haskins, Redding B. Herring, Moses Haskins, Chris- tian Holdemann,Ad. Hussy, Sylvauus Harlow, Daniel Heely, John M. Hull, Mathias Harrison, Alexander Jameson, Ishraal Willard, John James, Thomas James, Henry Iraan, Christopher Iraan. Nathan Johnston, Samuel J. Kiukead, Audey Kinney, G. W. Kingsley, William ( Hills ) Lemeu, Gerardus Locke, Thomas Lusby, William Lemeu, Moses Locke, Samuel Locke, .Arnold Livers, David Lenisee, John McClure, John Moredock, Reuben Miller, John (Meyer) Myars, Thomas Marrs, John Mitchell, Benjamin Marney, John Miller, (bar keeper, 1817), Jacob McDavid, Alexander McNabb, Milton J. Moore, Samuel Miller, Benjamin Mas- terson, Enoch Moore, .fames B. Moore, C. H. Mizner, John Modglin Stephen W. Miles, James Moore, John Moore, Milton J. Moore 2nd, James B. Moore ?nd, Jacob Neft", John Neff, Abrara NefT, James Nelson, Henry Neff, Edward New- sham, Thomas O'Connor, Charles Owens, Adams Payne, David Petit, Andrew Porter, Luke Patterson, Jacob Pal- meier (German), William Robins, James Robins, Philip Rader, John Roach, John Robins, John Ryan, Hugh Ral- ston, Daniel Raper, .James Roberts, Daniel Rapert, James M. Robinson, John Rogers, Daniel Ramer, Peter Rogers, Solomon Shook, Daniel Shook, John Summers, Edward Smith, Jehu Scott, Daniel Sink, Peter Stroud, Solomon Stong, Adam Smith, Junies R. Shepherd, Nehemias Starr, Isaac W. Starr, William Steel, James Stirrett, Jonathan Shepherd, Elijah Talbert, Jacob Trout, James Taylor, Thom- aa Thaylor, Jewett Varnum, Alexander Wells, Edward Welch, George Wallis, John Werley, Joseph Werley, John M. Wilson, J. Rodgers William, Elisha Westbrook, B. Baker Whaley, Henry Wardman, Z )pher Williams, John D. Whiteside, Otho Wilson, William Wilson, D.ivid Whiteside, Je.sse Weswell, Hiram Whiteside, John Woodrome, John Whiteside, J. P. Waddle, Moses Williams, William Walker, David Yates, Joseph I. Young We introduce next a list of EAHl.Y MARRIAtiES. The oldest certificate of marriage is dated September 28, 1810. The happy couple, to wit: William Calhoon and Nancy Quigley, had obtained their proper license from the clerk of Monroe county, Illinois, on the 20th of August pre- ceding, and were joined in the holy bands of wedlock, according to the rules of the Baptist Church, by James Garretson. This was the only marriage in the county in 1816. The next wedding took place almost a year later, August 14, 1817, when Abraham Amos, M. P. (missionary preacher), solemnized the rites of matrimony between William F. Roberts and Elizabeth Fonjuer ; and also Thomas Porter and Nina Wheeler. The marriage ceremony between John Warnock and MLss .Jane McClure was performed by Salmon Giddings, an ordained clergy- man. William Griflen and Polly Hendricks were lawfully married by Abram Amos, M. P., Sept. 4, 1817. Alexander Jameson, a justice of the peace, performed the marriage ceremony for Ira Scovel and Polly Chrisley on the 21st of December, 1817. John Henson and Sarah Davis were joined in the holy state of matrimony by J. Milton Moore, justice of the peace, on the 30lh of October, 1817 ; and Squire Alexander Jameson did a similar act of kindness to Joseph Andrew and Katharine Wiley Oct. 28, 1817 ; also for John McDavid and Betsey Fisher on the 1.5th of Sept'r 1817 ; and, two days later, for Reuben Bradley and Nancy Stephens. Jesse W. Cooper, justice of the p ace, on the tJth of Au- gust, 1817, was addressed by William Alexander, C. C. 0. M. C, as follows : Whereas there is a marriage shortly to be solemnized between Elisha Fowler, of the county of Monroe and territory of Illinois, and Mary Quigley, of the same county and territory ; and the said Elisha Fowler having legally proven the requisitions required of him according to law, this is therefore to license and permit you to join to- gether in the holy state of matrimony said parties, agreeable to the rites and ceremonies of your church; and for so doing this shall be your sufficient warrant. Given under my hand at my office at Harrisonville, Monroe county, this tith day of August, 1817, and of the Independence the forty-second. The Squire tied the knot on Sunday, August 10, 1.S17, ac- cording to law, as he says. A proclamation and warrant similarly composed and worded, with the addition of the solemn a.ssertion that the lady had consented and entered into security as the law directs, authorized the marriage of Daniel Vaughn and Rody Huit ; and Squire Cooper comically reporis that the "above named " were lawfully married according to law. The year 1817 was prolific in its crop of marriages, there 140 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. having been eleven recorded in the county. The records of 1818 contain the following: Ellis Chalfin and Rebecca Hull, Jan. 0, by Alexander Jameson, J. P. William Riggs and Sarah Brownfleld, .4pril 7, by Thomas Browufield, J. P. Thomas Vanmater and Delilah Cain, Feb. 15, by Abraham Amos, M. P. William Rodgers and Sarah Probins, Aug. 18. by J. W. Cooper, J. P. Joseph Hogan and Eliz.^beth Liycount, Aig. 7, by Jesse W. Cooper, J. P. Thoma.s Johnston and Eache Cain, Nov. 29, by James Garretsoii, M. G. The year 181S did not as well as 1817. 1819. Dennis Dace and Massey Robins, Jan. 2, by James Garretson, M. G. Jess Boggs and Polly Wilson, Jan. 21. by Jesse W. Cooper, J. P. William Brown and Betsey Barney, Jan. 2.3. by John Scott, J. P. William Anderson and Sally Valentine, alios SiUy Miller, January 23, by John Scott, J. P. Burdett Green and Rebecca Parker, Jan. 31, by James Garretson, M. G. Samuel Lock and Charily Steph- ns, April 21, by John Scott, J. P. Moses Divers and Phcebe Jones, July 15, by Henry C. Mizner. Moses Lock and Sally Stirrel, June 12, by Henry C. Mizner, J. P. James McDaniel and Elizabeth Modglin, Aug 6th, by J. Milton Moore, J. P. Jesse Miller and Elizabeth Modglin, Aug. 29, by J. Milton Moore, J. P. Elijah Axley .ind Elizabeth Everman, Aug. 26, by Th. Browntield, J. P. William D. Brightman and Sophia Devoe, Aug. 20, by T. M. Hamilton, J. P. John B. Wiser and Catharine Fry, late wife of Joseph Fry, legally divorced by an order of the Circuit Court of Monroe county, obtained license to get married ; but the certificate of marriage is not on file nor recorded. Nimrod Triplet and Franky Hutson, Nov. 18, by John Divers, J. P. Reuben Gon and Sarah Elliot, Dec. 20, by Henry C. Mizner, J. P. Among the marriages solemnized in Monroe county at an early day, that of Shadrach Bond should here be mentioned. The license was issued on the 16lh of June, 18'23, and worded as follows : State of Illinois, Monroe county, ss The people of the State of Illinois, to all to whom these prefents fhall come greeting : Know ye that a license is hereby granted to any licensed minister of the Gospel, any justice of the peace, county commissioner, or any other per- son legally authorized, to join together in the holy state of matrimony Shadrach Bond and Ann Todd, both of the county aforesaid, and for so doing this shall be a sufficient warrant. In witness whereof, I, Daniel Converse, deputy clerk for Samuel McRoberts, clerk of the county commissioners' court for Monroe county, have hereunto set my hand and seal (there being no public seal provided), this 1 6th day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-three. Daniel Converse, Dep'y Clerk. The marriage was solemnized about ten days later, as will appear from the following certiticate: State of Illinois, Monroe (»unty, s« This may certify that on the twenty-sixth day of June, 1823, by virtue of a license from the clerk of the cuunty commissioners' court of Monroe county, I joined together in the holy bonds of matrimony Shadrach Bond* and Ann Todd. Witness my hand and seal, June 27, 1823. Henry C. Mizner, J. P. * This Shadrach Bond cannot have been the "Governor," who ' Nov. 27, 181(1, in Nashville, Tennessee, to Miss Achsah Bond (an own cousin), who survived the Governoi- and died in Kaskai-kia, Feb. 29, 1844, as stated to the writer by Dr. B. N. Bond, of Slanberry, Mo., only surviving son of the Gov- ernor. The doctor al.so Informs us that Daniel D. Smith and Miss Todd were married at the Governor's house, which fact was ascertained from a memoran- dum in the family Bible, now in his possession. TOWNS AND VILLAGES PRIOR TO 1820. The ancient village of St. Philip has been mentioned in the preceding sketch of the Renault Grant. Harrimmille, or Carthage, is frequently mentioned in the oldest American records of Kaskaskia, where it is sometimes called t'^e Ameri- can " block house" or "fort.' A plat of the town of "Car- thage " was filed for record on the 20th of July, 1816, signed James B. Edwards, deputy recorder of Monroe county. The town was located on the Mis-issippi river, in section 18, town 3—11 It contained 56 blocks of 4 lots each. The streets, 14 in number, crossed each other at right angles. Water, Second, Third, Walnut, Sycamore, Broad and Mulberry streets ran parallel with the river. The cross streets, commencing in the south, were named Main, Market, Moore, Lemen, Alexander, McRoberts and McClure streets. The public square was located in the southeastern part of the town, between Broad and Mul- berry and Main and Market streets. A donation to the county was made by the firm of McKnight & Brady, of St. Louis, on the 19th of July, 1816 This donation com- prised block 47 of the town of Carthage and four outlots, adjoining the town in the east, containing about 20 acres in the aggregate. The name of " Harrisonville" is easily accounted for, as the town was laid out during the adminis- tration of the first territorial governor of the Indiana terri- tory, of which, until 1809, Illinois formed a part. But why was the town named Carthage? Probably in honor of Mrs. Dido, wife of William Atchison, who was in possession of a tract of land containing 4U0 acres, known as Claim 1407, Survey .561, located in the immediate vicinity of the town, at the time of the organization of the county. William and Dido sold this tract to William Morrison, November 4, l.sl«, for §3000— the highest price paid for lands in those days. It is to be hoped that our Dido led a more fortunate life than her namesake, the queen of ancient Carthage. At any rate we found no account of a faithless and heartless uEneas, who, after playing shepherd with her in the adja- cent caves, could have caused her to ascend a funeral pile, and to pierce her loving heart with an old cavalry sabre. Waterloo was named and laid out by George Forquer* and Daniel P. Cook on section 25, town 2, south 10 in the be- ginning of 1818. A survey of the site was made by Enoch Moore, December 18, 1818. Town lots had been sold by Forqutr and Conk as early as April, 1818. Among the purchasers of these lots we found the names of James Smith, James Rankin, William How- ard, Dennis Dace, Michael Dace, John Garretson, Joseph Beaird, William Beaird, John Reynolds, Enoch Moore, Peter Prim, Guy Morrison, John Ryan, J. H. Lambert, Jesse W. Cooper and James Moore. Bridgewater, laid out by George Forquer, Daniel P. Cook and John James, was located south of Eagle creek, at its confluence with the Mississippi. It contained 19 blocks of from 6 to 12 lots each. The public square was composed *t;eorge Forquer was :i man of great inHuence. He occupied various respon- sible poi-i ions in the county. In later years he removed to Sangamon county, which he represented iu the State Senate in 1834 and 18.1.-.. He gave the im- petus to the great internal improvement and railroad fever, which plunged the State into a debt of a' out fourteen millions of dollars. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 141 of 8 lots, two each of blocks 2, 3, 8 and 9, being of oblong form, '2(>0 by 344 feet, and containing an area of 89.440 i-quare feet. Samuel Mooney. John Ford, Freeman Kelly, Hamilton .Smith, David Levisse, James R. Sheppard and Henry C. Mizner were the first purchasers of lots. We return now to the government of the county. The second county board. 1^*17 to 1818, consisted of Caldwell Cairn?. James Lemen and James McRoberts. The labors of this board were confined to opening a few roads, granting of licens-es and permitting Ichabod Valentine to erect mill" dams on Eagle creek. The court had a settlement with John Moore, asse.'sor and treasurer, and also with James K. Moore, sheriff. It does not appear what the revenue had amounted to, but there were small balances, to wit: 833.02* and S20.)S.") against the officers. The cost of the assessment was stated to have been §12.00 exactly. The act of the legislature, January 12, 1818, established the so-called justices' courts, which were intrusted with the county government. This system continued in force until June 7, l>-and eight hundred and twenty- five, at the house of David Ditch, in the county of Monroe, personally appeared before me, J. Milton Moore, a justice of the peace for the aforesaid county of Monroe, Henry Ccnner, Samuel C. Christy and Joseph Conway, three of the commissioners who were appointed by the act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, at the last session, approved the 15th of January, 1.S25, to fix the permanent seat of jus- tice for the aforesaid county of Monroe, who, being duly sworn on the Holy Evangelist of Almighty God, faithfully to take into view the convenience of the people, the situation of the settlements with an eye to future population and the eli"ibility of the place. Given under my hand and seal this day and date above. J. MiLTos Moore, J. P. JskalI A similar affidavit was made on the 7th of April, 1825, by John Reynolds, who, however, was not sworn on the Holy Evangelist of Almighty God. The commissioners were paid the sum of S80 for their labors of locating the county seat. The changing of the county seat from Harrisonville to Waterloo was apparently perfected without trouble or diffi- culty. The scanty archives of the county were transported on an ox-cart from town to town. Some residents of Harri- sonville, however, were very much displeased and the most valuable property of the county, to wit, the doorlock, and other irons of the public jail at Harrisonville, was taken possession of by James A. James, a valiant Harrisonvillian, who retained them for years, not surrendering until Septem- ber, 1835, when the county agreed to make him a deed to the jail grounds at the village. In March, 1831, the court made an order to sell the old jail. The sheriff' who was to execute this order, refused to carry it out, for fear that he would be held " respunsiljle." whereupon the court made another order, in which the county was held to indemnify the sheriff, and the purchasers were assured to get possession. However, there was no sale. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 143 The first term of the county commissioners at Waterloo was held in David Ditch's tavern, on the (ithot'June, l><'2o; present — Nathaniel Hamilton, John D. White and John Garrelson, commissioners ; John James, sherift', and Daniel Converse, clerk. The tax levy of that year (1824) amounted to S735.t)"), and the sheriff was summoned to explain why he had not settled his accounts. John M. Wilson was licensed to run a ferry across the Jlississippi river to Selma's Cliffs. He paid S1"J.0() per year for this j.rivilege and was allowed to make the foUowiug charges: Foot passengers, 2.5 cts.; horse, 371; man and horse, 625 ; cattle, "i.") ; calf, sheep or goat, 12J cents; wagon and team, S2 00 ; dearborn, 81.2") ; cart and horse, SI 00 ; cart and oxen, SI 2.") ; barrel of spirits or wine, 2.") cents, and goods at 10 cents per 100 lbs. David Ditch was licensed to keep tavern at Waterloo, when upon the court adjourned for one hour, it is presumiil for the purpose of holding a private conference ou the ques- tion of prohibition. John Bamber became a member of the board iu September, \&25, taking the place of John Garret- son. An order was made iu D. cembtr, lf<2.'), that county orders issued prior to December, 1)S24, should be received by the tax gatherer at a discount of Otis per cent. ; those issued after December, 1824, and prior to June 1st, 1825, at 50 per cent. ; and those subsequent to latter date and prior to date of order at 25 per cent, discount. Josiah Lemen was appointed commissioner to lake the census of the county. J. ililton Moore was employed to draft a plan for a court house, December 26, 1825; finished this job on the 0th of Mar. h, l'<2(i, and received §3.00 for his work. It had talven Mr. Moure months to draft the plan, but it took the court years to make use of them. The troubles in consequence of the change iu the county seat were being felt for years inasmuch as constant impediments were thrown into the paths of the commissioners. Board succeeded board without even being able to procure a suitable site for the public buildings. During this period of uncertainly the county commissioners had succeeded however to get the county out of financial ditficulties for coun y warrants were taken at par, December, 1830. The authorities received donations of land and lots iu 106.57 $3,506.67 Septb. 9, 1845. John Morrison, Sheriff" and collector. The assessed values of the taxable property in the county for 1845 was 8798,094, as rep')rted by John Ryan, the assessor. From the report of Mr. Ryan we glean the following facts : Monroe county had then 910 resident tax-payers, and their personal property was valued at 8172,500. Eight of these 910 had personal propjrty exceeding 1,000 dollars in value, to wit : S. W. Miles ?:i,"10 J. D. Whiteside 81.400 James A. James l,62o Samuel E. Owen 1,:132 Jacob Trout 1,531 Jewett heirs 1,209 Samuel Newland 1,500 Ferdinand Rose . 1,02.') Slave property was assessed at $1,350. Henry Wademan, A. W. Gardner, Cecelie Beaird, M T. Hornie, S. W. Miles, and A. Eekert, were the slaveowners in 1843. Tliere was quite a number of citizens who sported pleasure carriages worth from 8100 to 8300 The present generation may have some curiosity as to who it was that drove to town in carriages forty years ago, and their curiosity shall be gratified. The gentry of 1843 was made up by the follow- ing : B. F. Masterson — his carriage was the finest or newest, for it was assessed the highest ; John Morrison, W. H. Gale, A. W. Gardner, William Wilson, J. R. James, J. M Moore, P. B. Brickey, Milton Moore, W. T. Eekert, Jesse Wiswell, Abram Clark, Lewis S. Steigers, and John Ste- vens. The assessor's report further states that there were then thirteen capitalists in the county, who, together, were draw- ing interest on 88,930 loaned out. The report speaks also of thirteen merchants doing business in the county, who had stated their several stocks of goods to be worth 86,150 in the aggregate. The town lots in the county were assessed at $21,955 ; the values vary from 810 to 81,000 per lot. Of the latter class there was but one, to wit : lot No. 90 in Waterloo, owned by E. Moore. The lands were assessed at from 83.00 to 85.00 per acre. There were 48,060 acres described iu claims and surveys, and 124,800 acres in sections. The county levy for the year 1846 was 50 cents per $100, 146 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. which would yield a revenue of 8:^900.0(1, a tax of about 80 cents per capita. Before closing our remarks in reference to the adminis- tration of county affairs by the county commissioners' courts (1819 to 1849), we should mention that the boundary line question between St. Clair and Monroe, and between Monroe and Randolph counties, had been adjusted during this period. The reports of the county surveyors may, therefore, find spai.'e here. J. Milton Moore, surveyor of IMonroe county and J. Mes- senger surveyor of St. Clair couniy made the following re- port, which is ordered to be filed and recorded. We the undersigned do hereby certify that on the 30th of November 1829 we commenced at the former corner to townships 2 and 3 south, between ranges 7 and 8 west of the third principal meridian, where we seta new post in the re- mains of a former "mound " from which a pine oak now 18 inches in diameter, a former witness tree btars south (i9° west 233 links distant, and with the compass set at a variation of 8° 45 east and ran thence north 89° 05 between townships 2 and 3 south range 8 west along the former line, renewing the blazes when passing through timbered lands, and setting posts when in the prairie at several points 5 miles and seventy, five chains to a flag stone placed at the point of the former corner to townships 2 and 3 south, ranges 8 and 9 west, from which stone a post oak, SO inches in diameter bears south 21" west 135 links distant and a post oak now 15 inches in diameter bears north 09° west, 101 links distant ; each of them former witness trees to said corner, thence run north along the former range line and renewing the blazes in the same, 1 mile to the former corner of sections 30 and 31 T 2 south, R. 8 west, reblazed the old line where we set a new post from which a Sycamore 30 inches in diameter bears north 59° east 72 links distant, each of which were the former witness trees to said corner, thence north 44° 06 west, 8 miles and 33 chains blazing the same to the former corner of sections 30 and 31 T. 1 S. R. 9 west where we set a new post by the remains of the former witness trees to said corner, they having been recently felled, and take for new witness trees a post oak 18 inches in diameter bearing 46J° west 187 links and a post oak 15 inches in diameter bearing north 16 J ° west 243 links distant, they being the former witness trees to sections 25 and 30 T. 1. S. R. 10 west thence north along the former line between ranges 9 and 10 west, reblazing the same 1 mile to the corner of sections 19 and 30 T. 1 S. R. 9 west where we set a large flag stone in the prairie, thence north 44° west intersecting the former section corner diagonally to seclions 13, 14, 23 and 24 and sections 10, 11, 14 and 15 and sections 3, 4, 9 and 10, five miles and 52J chains to the northwest corner of section 4, T. 1 S. R. 10 west thence on the same course 2 miles and 66 chains to the banks of the Mississippi river, where we set a post, from which a black walnut, 18 inches in diameter, bears south 08} east, 25 links distant and a sycamore, 26 inches in diameter bears south 8 east, 50 links distant. The aforesaid line being in conformity to an order of the county commissioners of St. Clair and Monroe counties and in conformity to the act of the legislature relative to the northern boundary of Monroe county. Report is dated December 3d 1829 and signed by J. Mil- ton Moore and John Messenger, surveyors. Cost of survey was 143 16. Southern boundary line. Report of James Thompson and J. M. Moore, county surveyors, made the following report, March 1st 1830 and ordered to be recorded.. Report: We commenced to run the line between the coun- ties of Randolph and Monroe at the southeast corner of township 4 S. R. 9 west of the third principal meridian at a variation of 7" 36 east, thence south 70 west on a random line 62 chains to the house of James M. Canada (Kennedy) about 6 chains north of the line 1 mile 30 chains a 15 K 5 links, thence north west 2 miles and 40 chains, second south east 4 miles 16V chains, Kaskaskia road, 5 miles to the top of the bluff", 7 miles and 01 chains to a road, 8 miles 236 chains, road to Kaskaskia, 8 miles and 55 chains to Alexander McNabb's farm, fell 125 chains south of said farm, thence cerrected the course and run from said farm south 71° 05 west on true line to the Mississippi river, which nine miles and 78 chains to the river bank we set a post from which a Cottonwood, 18 inches in diameter bears north 61 east 24J links distant and another Cottonwood tree 1 6 inches in diameter bears north, 25° west, 27 links distant, thence went back to A. McNabb's farm and corrected the line and blazed .it back to the beginning corner. In conformity with a law of the legislature of the state of Illinois providing for running a line between the counties of Randolph and Monroe Dated February 18th, 1830. Cost of survey §46.00. REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. From the reports it appears that the school lands of town- ship 3 — 8 were sold in 1830, averaging about 83 50 per acre. Amount realized, $2216 00. T 1—111 . T3— 9 . T 3—10 . T 2— . T a-11 . . I V2i\m T 4—10 . l'.i(i!l.i;(l T4— 9 IC^T-IT T4— 11 l:ii;6.sii -,t.ln) Total Sohnol fund in 1848 . 811.309. 3,10.00 484.29 1726.60 The regime of the ciunty c3'Timi<3ioner's court ended in 1849. The constitutional convention of 1847 entrusted the administration of county affairs to county courts, composed of a county judge and two associate justices, who held their respective offices for four years. The last county board of ilouroe county was composed of E. P. Rogers, Joseph Livers, and John Burk. Before reciting the events of the period from the adoption of the new constitution, March, 1848, to the present time, we shall here introduce an extract of the circuit courts of the county. CIRCLIT COURTS 1817 TO 1848 The first circuit court, held July 21. 1817, at Harrison- ville, was presided over by Hon. Jesse B Thomas, with Charles Matheny as prosecuting attorney. The grand jury at this term was composed of the following gentlemen free- holders: William Chalfin, foreman, Alexander McNabb, Daniel Hull, Jacob Trout, Ebenezer Bourne, John Worley, HISTOEY OF JRAXDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUXTIES, ILLINOIS. 147 Jacob Clark, John Sliehan, Daniel Shook, Jacob Clover, Leonard Kerr, George Ramey, Daniel Starr, John Roach, Joseph A Beaird, Elijah Davis, Daniel Link, Michael Dace, Solomon Shook, and Levi Piggott. The indictments returned were as follows: Andey Kinney, assault aud battery for severely beating and wounding, at his mill in Harrisonville township, one William Hogan, tried and acquitted. John Lock, larceny. John had stolen a bridle from Jcihn James, of the value of 80.00 ; pleaded guilty, and paid a fine of ?1 2.00 and costs, and returned the bridle. William Hogan, the very man on whose account Andey, the miller, had been indicted, was brought up for larceny, because he had, bv force, broken the lock of a chest, left in his custody by Joshua Carey, and stolen its contents of the value of 811. 5u There were 7 more cases of assault and battery ; the fighters were invariably finul from So to 812 00, but the fine was as invariably remitted by a lenient aud benevolent judge. A divorce case, Sarah Miller vs. Abraham Miller, was tried and Sarah's prayer granted. She was also awarded the custody of their only child, a boy named Isaac. Another divorce case, Joseph Hogan versus Patsey (prob- ably an abbreviation of Potiphar) Hogan was tried before Judge Warnock at the August term, 1818. Joseph's griev- ous wrongs are set forth in the following pathetic declaration : To the honorable Circuit Court for the county of Monroe, lUinoia Territory. Your petitioner humbly sheweth that sometime in the month of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and si.icteen, he was lawfully married to Pat- sey Bailcv, now Patsey Hogan, that he continued to live in peace and happiness with her for about three months, when the said Patsey Hogan, contrary to the duties of a wife and the matrimonial injunctions, eloped from his bed and board, without his knowledge or consent, and now lives in open adultery with other men. Your petitioner humbly prays the honorable court for the causes above stated, to decree a dissolution of the bonds of matrimony entered into with the said Patsey llogan, and your petitioner will ever be in duty bound to pray, etc. For Joseph Hog.^n, by E. Martin, his attorney. Hogan had the following witnesses subpa-naed, to wit ; Alexander Jameson, Edward Croush, and Adam Payne. PaLsey made no defense, and the divorce was granted. The first criminal court held in Monroe county after the admission of Illinois !is a sovereign state, was presided over by Joseph Phillips, chief justice of the supreme court, May 3d, 1819. Subsequent terms were held by John Reynolds in lf<19, 18-20, and 18-21. Hon. Phillips is on the bench again in 1822, succeeded in 1823 and 1824 by Thomas Rey- nolds. In 182-5 and 18-2(5 Samuel McRoberts, the former clerk, was found on the bench ; he had entered upon his career to fame and honors, which elevated him to a seat in the Senate of the United States. The next judge was T. W. Smith. While at the bench at Waterloo, in March, 1828, he heard the first murder case tried in the county. From papsrs on file we glean the following facts in this, The first murder case. A boy, or young man, Jacob Gil. mon, had died on December 22, 1827, under suspicious cir- cumstance.*, so that William Biggs, the coroner, deemed it his duty to hold an inquest .V coroner's jury, with Joshua Talbot as foreman, was called on the 'Mth of January, 18-28, to hear the testimony of Cynthia Reynold, who swore that between the 4fh und \Oth of Jubj lasl she was a' the house of Jervett Varnum, and she understood that the said Varnum was then whipping Jacob Gilmon at the cow pen. which was a consderable distance from the house, and she, the said Cynthia, distinctly heard blows, which she supposed to be indicted on the body of said Gilmon with a stick, and that Gilmon screamed from the tirfie she first heard the blows, and that he continued screaming for a considerable time after the blows ceased, and that he continued crying until she went to bed ; and that he, the saiil Varnum came to the house apparentlv in great passion, and said that he had given the said Jacob the severest whipping that he had ever given him. On the day following said Jacob said in the presence of herself and Mrs. Varnum, that Jewett would never give him but one more whipping, for he had almost killed him. The wife of said Jewett told him to hush, that Jewett had not given him too much ; and he (-lacob) said that Jewett had given him too much, had thrown him against the fence and almost killed him. The phvsicians attending the post mortem have the follow- ing testimony in writing : " We, the undersigned practitioners in medicine, having been called on by W. Biggs, the coroner of Monroe county, to examine the body of Jacob Gilmon who was supposed to have died from the effects of an external injury received, do certify on oath, that our examination was particularly con- fined to the head, and by careful examination of the hones of the o-ifronfis and os temporis (!) and the upper part of the OS temporis ^sic) having been fractured, we do agree that the said deceased came to his death by violence committed iu some way. W. G. GOFARTH, J.VMIvS Newlin, T. St.vxtos.' Thereupon the coroner's jury agreed to render the follow- ing verdict : We, the jurv, aft^r examining the body of Jacob Gilmon, believe his death was caused by violence done by Jewett Varnum, from the evidence produced. Joshua Talbot, foreman. Varnum was thereupon committed to jail, and for that purpose, on January -M. taken to Belleville, as Monroe county had no jail, only a lock and some irons, and they were in possession of a citizen of Harrisonville. He imme- diately petitioned Judge T. W. Smith for a writ of hnbeas I corpus, under which he was brought to Edwardsville before 1 his Honor, Feb. 5, 18-28. The judge admitted him to ba il 148 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. in $500 with Thomas Hamilton as security. The case was brought before the grand jury, «ho on the 8th of March, 1828, indicted Varnum for murder. The indictment set forth that the beating given the boy ou Ju'y Titli, 1828, had Caused his death on the 22d of December next, etc. The case was tried on the 13ih of August, 1828, and Varnum was acquitted. A Challenge to fight a Duel. — At the next term of tbe court, in August, 1828, Justus Varnum was indicted for challenging Isaac Clark to fight a duel with rifles, to wit, on the 13th of July last. Bad blood, caused by a lawsuit about the right of some property, had prevailed for some time between the parties. The duel was not fought, and the case against Varnum the Just was nol. pros, iu August, 1829. Another Murder. — Eliza Head was put on trial for her life in May, 1831, before Judge T W. Smith. It appears that Daniel Winn had made an aifidavit before 'Squire Thomas McRoberts, on the 21st day of April, 1826, that he had found the dead body of a female infant near his house ; that he had reason to believe that said infant came to her death by violence ; and further, that he believed that one Eliza Head was the murderess of the child. A special term of the court was thereupon called by Judge Smith, to be held in May, 1831. The grand jury, through James Ta:ylor, their foreman, presented an indictment against said Eliza, charging that on April 19, 1826, immediately after having given birth to a bastard child, she had destroyed its life by filling the mouth and throat of the infant with dirt and leaves, not having the fear of God before her eyes but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the devil, and against the peace and dignity of the state, etc. The prosecution summoned the following witnesses : Daniel and Mary Winn, James Wells, Fielder Burch, Samuel New- lin, J. M. Wilson, Robert Miller, James Miller, Robert Wilson, David Ditech and Abigail Converse. The trial came oft' on the 31st of May, Attorney-General Alfred Cowles prosecuting and A. W. Snider defending. The jury, com- posed of William Wright, James Shephard, James Modglin, John Wooters, Lynville M. Daniel, Elijah Axley, John Matlock, Moses Lock, John Clark, Thomas McDaniel, Tho- mas Sterrill, Jr., and Thomas Morgan, rendered a verdict of "not guilty." A second indictment, charging the said Eliza with con- cealing the death of a child, was disposed of by a plea of want of jurisdiction, the plea being sustained by the court. More Murders. — Henry Appel, indicted April, 1818, was tried and found guilty at said term. He was defended by Bissell and Engelmann, and obtained a new trial, when he was found guilty of manslaughter, and sentenced to the peni- tentiary for five years. Two cases of larceny against him added fifteen years to the above sentence. Appel was a St. Clair county man ; the name of his victim is not men- tioned in the records. Jacob C. Jones was tried for murder August, 1848, and acquitted. Christopher aad Franz Reininger wsre tried for murder April, 1849 ; they, too, were acquitted. Leaving this subject of murder and bloodshed, we shall turn now to another subject, to wit : the naturalization of foreign- born residents of the county. NATURALIZATION. European immigrants commenced to arrive in the county of Monroe about the year 1833. The first naturalization papers were granted to John Raddleberger, August 26, 1840. His Honor, Judge Sidney Breeze, administered the oath of allegiance to the applicant, and made him a naturalized citizen of the United States. Applications for citizenship now became numerous, and as it may interest the present genei'ation to read the declaration of such applicants, we introduce here that of Ludwig Pilger, to wit : I, Ludwig Pilger, an alien bornjree luhite person, do here- by in conformity with the acts of congress relating to the naturalization of foreigners, declare and make known that my true and proper name is Ludwig Pilger, that I was born in the Grand Dutchy of Hesse Darmstadt on the 27th day August, 18(10, and that I am forty years of age, that I be- longed to the German nation and owed allegiance to the Grand Duke of Hesse, that I landed at the city of New York, and in the United States of America, on the 20th day of June, 1834, that I have ever since my first arrival remained under the jurisdiction of the said United States, and that it is bona fide my intention to renounce, forever, all allegiance and fidelity to every foreign Prince, State or Sovereignty whatever, and, more paiticularly such allegiance and fidelity as I may in any wise owe to the said Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, and to become a citizen of the United States : that I do not now enjoy or possess, nor am I in any wise entitled to any order of Distin-ction or title of nobility, and that I am sincerely attached to the principles contained in the Constitution of the United States, and desire that this my declaration and report may be accepted, filed and recorded preparatory to my intended conformity with the several acts of congress heretofore passed on that subject. Subscribed and sworn to before me ") this 23d day of Eebruarv, A. D., V Ludwig Pilger. 1840. ■ 3 W. W. Omelveny, clerk. List of foreign born citizens naturalized in the county, from August 26, 1840, to April term, 1850. J. A. Franke, George Frick, John Frick, Joseph Haller, W. Kraemer, Philip Wehrheim, John VVehrheim and E. Waldmann, August C. Haserick, Joseph Riehl. John P. Brann, Sebas- tian Berger, James Burke, Joseph lieinpe, Jacob Horn, John Koechel, George Koch, George Leip, B. Mosbacher, Joseph Mohler, .Joseph Mohr, Louis Nadler, Joseph Reihl, Jacob Ruch, Joseph Schroeder, Valentin Siegel, Vincent Somm, Andrew Schirmer, Anton Schaefer, Joseph Sp^cht, John Schaft'er, Anton Sparwasser, William Thackway, David Walsh, John Welch, John Kirsch, Patrick McGrath, Michael Kelley, Jacob A. Beck, Henry Lauer, Mathias Huth, Lewis Pelzer, George de Pugh, Anton Dictz, Urban Voelkli, James Newsham, George Maerz, Adam Bruegel, HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 149 Adam Hahnenberger, Christopher Klube, John Minker, Heniy Oestrich, Henry Miller, Adam Beeker, Henry Manni, Johann Dietz, Nicholas Reitz, Valentin Schafenberger, John Hempe, John P. Hofman, Peter U'ierscheini, sr., and Peter Wierscheim, jr., John McCrossin, Thomas Bums, Jacob Ran, James Rogcow, Frederick Henekler. Thomas Coop, .Tohn Adam Mummert, Michael O'Leary, Charles Henekler, James Sinimott, Jacob Frick, Christopher Heyl, J. Michael Kraetner, Gottlieb Much, Charles Frick, Paul Schmitz, Jacob Ralin, Daniel Klein, Louis Grossmann, Joseph Roscow, Philip Jarges, Peter Wickline, Perry Fox, Martin Huth, Thomas Crowe, John P. Ensinger, jr., John Dixon, George A. Kopp, John Lofink, Martin Dunn, Thomas Lamb, William Gilraore, Valetin Bruegel, Thomas Griffin, John Rye, John Delaney and Michael Berthall. This list contains but a part of the names of the early emigrants. Hundreds obtained their naturalization papers 'n other counties and in St. Louis, Mo. Many more, find- ing no difference between citizenship and the right of suff- rage, took no step to be naturalized, as the constitution of the State gave the latter right to all who had been residents of the county prior to its adoption — March, 18-18. The number of immigrants poured into the county since 1^48, principally from Germany, have completely turned the features of this county, which at its organization was largely American. The German language now predomin- ates in many parts of the county, and in the stores, the shops, yea, even in the court house, " wird deutsch yespro- chen." Many of the remainders of the old American stock understand the German perfectly and speak it fluently. The German schoolmaster, and above all, the German priest or clergyman have by their ceaseless efforts succeeded in perpetuating the language of the Yaterland on the banks of the Missistipj)i. MONROE COUNTY IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, FROM 1818 TO 1848. Section 8, Article \1. of the Constitution of 1S18, stipu- lated that Monroe should be entitled to one Senator and one Representative, until a State census should be taken. The Fimt General Axsemh/tj convened at Kaskaskia, Oct. 5, 1818, and adjourned on the 13th of that month, because the Constitution had not yet been approved by Congress. It met in second se.-sion, January 4, 1819, and adjourned March :'l, 1819. Alexander Jameson represented the county in the Senate, and William Alexander in the House, 1818 to 1820. The Second (imeral Axsembhj convened at the new State Capital, Vandalia, December 4, 1>^2(I, and adjourned Feb. 15, 1821. Alexander Jameson, senator, and Enoch Moore, representative, 1820 to 1><22. Vandalia remained the State capital for twenty years. Third General Ai^embhj, 1822 to 1824. Joseph A. Beaird, senator; William Alexander, representative. Fourth General Assardily, 1824 to 182t). Joseph A. Beaird, senator; George Forquer and Thomas James, repre- sentatives. Fifth General Assembly, 1826 to 1828. Joseph A. Beaird,* senator ; Thomas James, representative. Sixth General Assembly, 1828 to 18;50. Samuel McRoberts f senator ; Moses Lemen, representative. Seventh General Assembly, 1830 to 1832. Jonathan Lynch, senator ; John D. Whiteside, representative. Eighth General Assembly, 1832 to 1834. Jonathan Lynch, senator ; John D. Whiteside, representative. Ninth General Assembly, 1834 to 1830. Benjamin Bond, senator ; John D. Whites'ide, representative. Tenth General Assembly, 183(; to 1838 John D. White- side, senator (resigned March 6, 1837); James B. Moore, senator (successor of Whiteside); David Nowlin, represen- tative (resigned); John A. Summerville, representative (suc- cessor of Nowlin). Eleventh General Assembly, 1838 to 1840. James B. Moore, senator ; Edward T. Moore, representative. Twelfth General Assembly. 1840 to 1842, convened at Springfield (now the capital of the State), on the 23d of November, 1840. James A. James, senator ; W. H. Bissell, representative Thirteenth General Assembly, 1842 to 1844 James A. James, senator; Jacob J. Danner, Andrew J. Dickinson and William McBride.]; representatives. Fourteenth General Assembly, 1«44 to 1840. Joseph Mor- rison, senator for Randolph and Monroe ; E. Adams, E. W. Robbins and John D Whiteside,' representatives for Ran- dolph and Monroe. Fifteenth General Assembly, 184fi to 184.H Joseph Mor- rison, senator ; Robert Mann, John Morrison and Edward Omelveny, representatives. MONROE COUNTY — 1849 TO 1883. The State Convention of 1847 was convened at Spring- field June 7th, 1847. and adjourned August 31st, 1847. The constitution proposed was ratified at a special elec- tion held on the 6th of March, 1848, and went into force and effect April 1, 1848 This convention was composed of one hundred and sixty- two delegates. Newton Cloud, of Morgan county, was president, Henry VV. Moore secretary, and John A Wilson sergeant-atarms. James A. James and John D. Whiteside represented the county of Monroe in the convention. As stated on a preceding page, the county commissioners, court was abolished by the new constitution, and the govern, ment of the county entrusted to county courts. First County Co«r(, 1849 to 18.o3 — John Morrison, County * A re-npportionment was made January 12, 18'-fi, by whi<'h Monrop, Clinton, and Washington counties formed a senatorial, and the county of Monroe a representative district. t Samuel McRoberts was elected to fill u vacancy caused by the death of Jo- seph A- Beaird. McRoberts had been clerk of both lounty and circuit courts, as well as recorder, during the infancy of the county. His records are to this day models of accuracy and penmanship. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1841, to succeed John M. Rob'nson, of Carmi. McRoberts died March 22, 1813, and was succeeded by James Semple of Alton, senator, appointed by Gov. Ford t February 26, 1811, the ratio for a senator was fixed at 12,non, and for a repre. snntaUve, at 4,lh. Tlir lirick for sairy 1') feet high ; the outside walls to be '11 inches th'ck, including i iiteas. The antea to i)roject about 41 inches, leaving the walls about l"* inches thick, and, after running to the t"p of the antea caps, the wall must then be full thickness clear through, thert by making the faces of the cornice of brick, as also the architrave of the cornice, set out at square projections ; the antea cajis are also to be of brick, set out at square projections. The inner or partition walls to be run to the height of the first story, and niue inches thick. All the brick must be laid in their appropriate i)laces with true face to walls inside and out. with straight angles and plumb. Saiper floor, one over each belovv. well secured All the above joists are to be placed on the walls 16 inches from the centre. There must be a heavy girder, or rather two, to reach across the passage, to lay the joists on. Said girder should be 10 by 12 inches, and rest well on the wall. Dth. ('t'i/iiirj ami riirif. — There njust be si.\ pair of princi- pal rafers in said roof, one t • stand over each antea, but where the flues and chimneys come they niu.-t be as near the antea as practicable, on account of fire, minding to equalize the weight as much as possible ; .said rafters to be as fol- lows : Each main bearn 7 by 10 inches, and long enough to extend over the wall on both sides. There are to be two king posts, hammer beam, and spur braces. The queen posts must be at least 7 by 12 inches, cut in such a shape that the head of the principal rafter when cut square will fit it when applied ; also cut at the foot, so as to receive the spur brace. In the same way said posts must be well framed into the main beams, and said beams are to be sup- ported by means of an iron stirrup, h by 2 inches, going around the beam and extending up the posta at least two feet from the lower edge of the beam, drawn up by means of two iron keys, made of sutticient length to drive through, and then bolted through with a three-ipiarter iron bolt with head and nut. The principal rafters must be let into the main beam at th'' bottom or heel, and there secured by means of a seven-eighth screw bolt with washers, put ing the same through at riglit angles from the top of the rafters. The queen posts muyt be framed into the girders a little more than one-third of the space from the inside of each wall. The hammer beams must be with a little head to the shoulder, so as to b x into the queen posts one-half inch at its lower edge. The size of the principal rafters and beams are to be 7 by 8 inches, two ranges on each siile of the roof, one to jog down on the beams immediately behind the queen posts, the other at a proper distance below, as near the head of the spur brace a.s praclii'able, or not quite hall-way to the rai-iug plate, which must be 2 by 10 inches, and well se- cured to the beams and lookouts. Jack rafters mu-t b.; 2 by G inches. The ceiling j dsts must he 2' by inches, boxed in between the main beams as to a strip well nailed or spiked. Said joints must be put in (i inches from the centre ; at lea.st evtry other j .int at each end of the building must remain outside of the wall to fasten cornice to. Ob- .serve to only have the end beams that rest on the wall half the depth of the others, or .5 by 7 inches, and well .secured. On the top o the joists there must b : look.iuts framed in on the sides, of sufficient number and size to make a good sub- stantial job. say at least l'> inches deep. All the above joists and roof timbers must be of good white jiine, to u.se scjuare-edged sheeting 1 inch thick, to use the best (|uality of white pine shingles, laid from 4 to 5 imdios to the weather. Root to be the same pitch as shown in the plan ; to be a con- venient scuttle left through the ceiling in the lobby at the head of the stairs, and also one through the roof at a con- venient place for getting out ; the .same to be well secured with copper, so as to entirely prevent leaking. There must also be copper gutters behind each and all the chimneys, being tour in all. 10th. Curnicc. rtr. Said buililing is to have a cornice in the Grecian style ; it is to go all around said building Th gutters iu this cornice must be lined with 12 lb. copper, the same being made as large as lo inches; the copper must be put together'with a double groove, made perfectly water- tight and fastened 8. C. II. KiCTTI.ER, CoUllll) Clerk* The following statement will slmw the increasing wealth of the county. STATEMFNT OF ASSESSHENT 18ot). Horso« 3.148 valued SIi"'
  • '<> Mules isa '• lG.ii4.'> Cattle • , 0230 " 6(i.fiiil Slieep 1300 •' '. . ii.5i>.") Hops ... . i079"> " ].'i.C(iS Carrinpes an.s CUiek.* and u'atelies 11-JO " 740 Go^uls and merehanc 33.970 Mnnnfaeturi'd arliclfs 2.390 Mone.v and .rodiis I34.r.«C Bouds and Stuek> l.HK) \\\ utiier persunal property 70.«I0 Total , Landst bearing paper, a floating debt was gradually creeping up and what was worse, a large funded debt was settled upon the county, not by its officers, however, but by the votes of the people. The old county judge, however, did not live to see his county loaded with a debt, exceeding 8100,000. The records of the county pay tribute to this faithful public servant, as follows: ]54 HISTORY OF liANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. PlX-EMRER SlTCIAL TkUM 1S7'2. Mniiil,!!/ Ajlmiooii DccciiiIk r '1 i. In mi:mi)1:iam. Hon. Jc/m J/dr./.M//*.— At a funiial meet- ing of tlie I'ouiuy cuui-t liclil at the t^ourt House in Waterloo, Detember :2;> ISTii, pi.niLiputed in by the several couuty officer?, nie;iil)er» of the bar and citizeus of the county, for the purpose of paying a last tribute of respect to the memory of Hon. Job.n M n-rison <]ecease(l, late judge of the county court of Monroe County, Illinois, alter appropriate prelimi- nary remarks, the following preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted, viz: AVhereas ii has pleased Divine Providence to remove by death Ironi our miilst Hon. John Jlorrison, and as it is emi- nently niu't, that we in his death ever honor one \Yhom we had so loiig honored while living, therefore as a last teslimo. iiial of our respect to his memory, be it 1st, Ji'ryulcrJ, that by the death of Judge Jlorrison, the citizens of this county have lost one whom they long delight- ed to honor as the firm, uncompromising friend and protect- or of the poor, the friendless, the widow and the orphan, and whose doors and jialms were always open to the wants of the needv, and one whose hands were ever pure in the adminis- tration of !iis official duties. ■_*)i(/, 7,''.-"/i'(/, that we tender our sympathies to his be- rfavid widow and family. "nl, Ji'ifo'i-cd, that these resolutions be placed upon the rec- ords of the county court, that a copy of the same be fur- nished (0 the family of the deceased, and also that a copy be furnished to each of the newspapers of this county, the ad- joining counties and St- Ijouis, with a request that the same be published. John IMoriison was succeeded by H. S. Talbott, who to- gether with Adam Rei.-s and Harrison Druce conducted tha affairs of the county until 187 !, and were relieved by a board of county commissioners, who under the constitution of 1870 were henceforth entrusted with tlie county government. The large funded debt nientioned above was created by a vote of tlie people at a special election held on the 24th of February, 1868, in which 1537 voters against 165, decreed that the county should take 8100,000 stock in a projected Bail Road from East St Louis to Cairo, and running through the county. The money with which to pay for the stock was to be raised by issuing county bonds of said amount, to draw 8 per cent, interest, and to become due 20 years after the date of issue. The result of the election however was not made a matter of record at that time, because as it seemed, the plan of building the road had been abandoned. Later this was done, the bonds were prepared, and finally placed into the hands of the railroad people, as will appear from the follow- ing document of one hundred words each, which will cost the county twenty six hundred dollars in principal and interest. No. 2S. — State oflldnois. — 1,000 Shares Cairo arid St. Louis Railroad Company. This is to certify, that Monroe county, in the State of Illinois, is entitled to 1,000 shares, of SlOO each, of the capital stock of the Cairo and St. Louis Railroad Company, transferable only on the books of said company by the said stockholder in person or by attorney, on the surrender of this certificate. In witness whereof, the said company has caused this cer- ^^"^^■^^ tificate to be signed by its president and secretary, K^-^J this 5th day of March, 1873. S. S. Taylor, President. D. IIi'RD, Secretary. CON'STITUTIONAI. CONVENTION OF 1870. This convention was preceded by that of 1862, in which Thomas \V. Morgan represented this county. The funda- menlal law proposed by this convention was rejected by the people at a special election, held June 17th, 1862. A ma- jority of the delegates were not exactly " loyal" in the sense of a majority of ihe people, who were at the time in the hot- test excitement on account of the civil war. " Loyalty" in tho.se days did not mean obedience to law, but allegiance to ihe dominant party. The convention of 1870 was composed of eighty five delegites, j>resided over by Charles Hitchcock, of Cook county, with John I. Harmon as secretary and J. L. Lothrop as doorkeeper. Monroe, together with Ran- dolph and Perry counties, formed the eighth district, repre- sented by J H. Wilson, of Monroe, and George W. Wall, of Perry. The constitution proposed by this convention was ralilied by the people on the 2d of July, 1870, and went in force on the 8th of August following. As stated above, the county government was now entrusted to a board of county commissioners of three members; the members of the first board to serve respectively one, two and three years; their successors were to he elected for full terms, to wit, three years. The first county board was composed of Gtorge Fi-ick, who served two full tci-nis 187a to IS70. Hiiiri.^ou Druce, wiih served a two yenr.s' term 187:t t'l 1875. George I>i\ ers, who served a one year and a three j-ears-' term, 187J lo 1877. The first board caused the present jail to be erected, a substantial structure and a credit to the people of the county, but not until the grand jury had again urged the matter. They say in their report of September, 1874 : " The couuty jail is very unsafe and insecure, and from its constructiou and arrangement unfit for the purpose of a jail, impossible to bo kept clean and ventilated ; its insecurity is so notorious that the sheriff is compelled to place a night-guard around the said building. Steps should be taken immediately to erect a new jail" The question of borrowing the necessary funds for building a jail was answered in the affirmative by a popular vote, and a contract entered into with Jotham Bigelow, of St. Louis, who agreed to erect the building according to plans and specifications, for §8,985, and have it finished by the 21st of September, 1875. The jail was finished and received in December, 1875, and cost a trifle more than contracted for, to wit : Amount paid to contractor SS,901 no " for lot «I0.('0 " for plans 125.00 " " to superintendent 245.25 " tor extras 829.75 Total 810,001.00 During the term of this board, some changes in the names and boundaries of the existing precincts were made and new HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. loo precincts formed Eagle township lost its time-honored name, to be henceforth known as Columbia. We sulijoiii a complete list, to wit : I'RECINCTS — MAKCH SPECIAL TERM, 1875. Columbia. — Each precinct to be named Ciluin'^ia, with boundaries as follows : Oo the north and east by the county lines of St. Clair and Monroe counties ; on the west by tbe Mississippi river; in the south to include sections 2") and 2 and north part of survey 408, claim o4'>, all in township 15. R. 11 W., and sections 2o, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 3o and ',A) in township 1 8. R. 10 \V., and the part of section 31 township 1 S. R. 9 W., lying in Monroe county. The elec- tions at this precinct to be held in the town of Columbia. Neu' Hanover, a new precinct to be established, the boun- daries to be as follows, to wit : Oa the west by the bluffs ; on the north by the north lines of section 31, 32, 33 and 34 in township I S R. 10 W., including all of survey 413, claim 341 ; on the east by the section lines between sections 34 and 3.") in township 1 S. R. 10 W., Dud by the section lines between seelions 2 and 3, 10 and 11, lo and ID, 21 and 22 in township 2 S. R. 10 W; on the south by the section lines between sections 21 and 28, 20 and 29, 19 and 30 in township 2 S. R. 10 W., and by the section lines betwten sections 24 and 2o in township 2 S. R. 11 \V; elections to be held in the town of Hanover. Waterloo, heretofore known as Fountain precinct, the boundaries of which shall be as follows : On the east by the boujidary line between the counties of Monroe and St. Clair including all of township 2 S. R. 'J W. lying in Monroe count)', except sections 25 and 30 : on the north by township lines between township 1 S. R. 10 W. and township 2 S. R. 10 W., and the lines between township 1 S. R- 9 W. and township 2 S. R. 9 W ; on the north by the lines between sections 11 and 2, 10 and 3, 9 and 4, 8 and 5, 7 and 6 of township 3 S. R. 9 W., also by the lines bstween sections 12 and 1,11 and 2, and 10 and 3 oftownship 3 S. R. 10 W ; on the we^t by the lines between sections 2 and 3, 1 and 10, 15 and 16, 21 and 22, 27 and 28, 34 and 33 of township 2 S. R. 10 W, and the lines between sections 3 and 4 in township 3 S, R. 10 \V. ; elections to be held in the town of Waterloo. MoreJoek. — On the east by the bluffs; the west by the Mississippi river, on the north by the north lines of survey 599, claim 764 and survey 588, claim 765, and survey 409 claim 643, and the north line of section 36, all in township 1 S. R. 11 W ; and the south ivest quarter of survey of 654, claim 579, in township 1 S. R. 10 \V., on the south by the sec- tion lines between :!() and 31 , 29 and 32, 28 and 33 and section 34, all in township 2 S. R. 11 W. Klections to be held at the house of Isaac Eberraann, the old homestead of the late Stephen W. Miles, sr. Prairie dii Long. — On the east by the Kaskaskia river, including all of township 3 S. R. 8 W. and all township 3 S. R. 7 W. lying in Monroe county, and sections 1, 12, 13^ 24 and 25 in township 3 S. R. 9 \V., and section 36 and fractional section 25 in township 2 S. R 9 W. Elections to be held at school-house No. 2 in 3-8. New De.nijn includes all of sections 7,8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 35, 36, township 3-9, and section 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, town- ship 4-9, and secticms 10, II, 12, 1.3, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 27, 34, 35 and 36 in township 3-10, and section^ 1,2 and 3 in township 4-10. I'.leciions to be held in the town of Burkvillo. Bbiff includes all of sections 4, 5. 6, 7, 8, !>, 16 17, Icj. l!), 20, 21, 28, 29, 30, in T. 3 S. R. 10 W. section 28, 2H, 30, 31, 32, 33 in town 210, the bluffs forming the western bnundary line, including the blulf parts of sections 25, 35 and 36 in township 2-11, also the following sections in townsliij) 3-11, lying on the bluffs, viz: sectionsi, 2,3, 10 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 ; elections to be held at the hou.se of Peter Mueller. Harrisovril/e. — On the east by the blutfi ; on the west by the Mississippi river, it includes sections 31, 32,33, town- ship 2-11, and the claims and parts of claims lying within said sections of town-'hip 2-1 1, and the islands and parts of islands in said townshiji, it includes also sections 3. 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10,15, 16, 17, 1-, 19,2), 21,22,26, 2:, 2^ 2.1, 30, 31, 32,33, 34 and 35 in t)wnship 3 11, and all tho claims ami surveys lying within said seciions in saiil townships in the American Bottom excepting claim 495. survey 701 ; elec" tions to be held in the town of Harrisonville. Mitchie to compose all of sections 31, 32 and '■)■) in town- ship 3-10, also sections 35 and 36, township 3 11, cltiiii V.i'), survey 701, also sections 1 , 2, '■',, 4. 5, 8, '.), \'\ 1 i, 12, 13, 14 1.5, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25 an. I 26 in 4 11, also steti wis 4, 5. 6, 7^ 8,9,16, 17, 18, 19, 20,21, 2:t, 30 in township 4 10, the upper line of the common fi^dds of St. Rhilij), farming the division line between Mitcliio and Renault ])re(;incts ; elec- tions to be held in the school house near Clialnn bridge. Renault comprises all of .sections 7, 6, 9. 1(1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 1.), 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 2.-5. 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36 in towiishiii 4-9, also tcctions and parts of sections 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15, 24, 25, 35 and o6 in township 4 10, also ail of th^j itiiiault Grant and the part of the commons of St I'hilip lyinir in township 4 10, also all oftownship 5 9 and township 5-10 lying in the county of Monroe. Elections to be held in the town of Glasgow city. I'AUl'KKS IN THE L-DINTV. The expenditures of the county on account ol' this class of its population have never been great. Monroe is an in- different field for pauperism. The expenditures of the county in 1882 amounted to •■?32,t)7S.83, for general purposes, and to 88,000 more on account of the interest on the railroad debt, making an aggregate of 640,078.33. The pauper bills amounted to 82,873.91, or a triflrf more than 7 per cent, of the total. There is no other county in the state of Illinois to show up as well in this respect as little ^lonroe. After exannning into the financial affairs of many counties in the state, we are of theopini()n that the pa.iii''r expens3S abs )rb abo;it 18 per e.Mit. of the tot:,l tount/ revenues. The paupers are kept in an a.sylum at Waterloo. The superintendent of this asylum is paid §300.00 per annum, and twenty cents per day for each inmate, whom he has to board, clothe, and provide with bediling, etc. The inmates, 27 in number, are well kept, and have no complaints to 156 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. make ; nine of this number are constant boarders, the others are transients, admitted since June, 1882 The county has 20 insane paupers in state institutions. AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS — 1881 AND 1882. Farm Oops. Acres of, i 1,401 2,rji 3,308 O.irn lr,,758 Wheat <56 3G7 (Ints S,ll50 Apple Orchards Vineyards . . • Tiniotliy meadows . . . rinver meadows Hungarian and millet !)■'» Rye !:» Birley l"iT Irish potatoes 1,244 Rorglio 41i; Turnips, etc 2.'i otiier crops Prodtirls in 1681. btithels. 132,316 71B,112 50,705 13.000 ons. 12,046 s. 3.25.1 5,590 20 iish. V87 J 72,790 716,112 52,080 .55,000 Pas'ure Woodland Ilnculti^aled lands folts foaled number 108. valu Fat cat le sold, gro.ss weight . Pounds of butter s.rld . . . . Pounds of cheese sold . . . . Gallons of mik sold Pounds of wool sold . . . . Fat sheep sold Fat hogs sold Pounds of honey produced . 6,867 .57,240 Addendum.— liu horses, representing a value of S10,64(», died during the year 1881 ; .i.") head of cattle, valued at $1,.')49, died of disease. There were 1780 cows kept; 61 sheep, representing a value of $183, were killed by dogs, and 91, worth Sil70, died of disease. Cholera carried off 57.J hogs, worth S2,235 ; and 442, valued at Sl,l)4t, and that the said body has upon it the following marks and wounds, intlicted by Henry Alter, and which this jury find to have been the cause of the deceased's death ; all buckshots came from behind; five of them entered the back of the deceased, two the left arm, fracturing the bone mar the shoulder; one his right forearm, one his spine, and was cut out of the breast- bone." Upon this verdict the defendant was committed to jail, and brought there by Thomas Ryane, constable. The grand jury, at the subsequent October term, was composed of Harrison Horine, foreman, John Wilsch, John Koechel, John Whiteside, George L Ditch, John L. Kiddi Jacob Motes, Frederick W. Brand, John liowman, James Close, Jacob Beck, Thomas A])plegate, Harrison Druce, Michael McDermot, Louis Grossmann, Jesse Wiswell, Wil. liam Walsh, Sr , John Morgansen and George A. Kopp, and found the following true bill, to wit : The People i'*. Henry Alter. Indictment for murder. A true bill. H. Hokixe, Foreman. Witnesses: Kodus Kunkel, Henry Henze, Jacob Hush- man, George Bley, Frederick >?chrader and Caspar J. Brown. State of Illinoi.s \ Monroe County, ) *'■ Of the October term of the Monroe County Circuit Court, in the year of our Lord 18G0. The grand jurors chosen, selected and sworn in and for the county of Monroe, aforesaid, in the name and by the au- thority of the p3ople of the state of Illinois, upon their oaths present that Henry Alter of the county afoiesaid, on the fi th day of July in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and si.xty, at and in the county of Jklonroe aforesaid^ in and upon the bo<]y of William Henze in the peace of the people of the state of Illinois then and there living, felonious- ly, wilfully, and of his malice aforethought did make an as- sault, and that the said Henry Alter, a certain gun then and there charged with gunpowder and ten leaden shot, which the said gun, he the said Henry Alter, in his hands then and there held, then and there felouiously, wilfully and of his said Henry Alter's malice aforethought did discharge and shoot off to, against and upon said William Henze, and that the saiil Henry Alter, with the ten leaden shot afore- said, out of the gun aforesaid, then and there, by force of the gunpowder aforesaid, by the said Henry Alter, dis- charged and shot ofl'as aforesaid, then and there unlawfully, feloniously, and of his malice aforethought, did strike, pen- • etrate and wound him, the said William Henze, in and up- on the back of him, the said William Henze, giving to him the said William, then an. m. of said day, in the hall of the jail of Monroe county. 111., if the room of said hall be sufficient; if not, then he be executed in the jail yard of said county ; that he remain in eustodv until said day of execution, and that the sheriff of this county execute this sentence." This laconic sentence was duly executed. The room in the hall of the county jail was not "sufficient," and so the execution took place in the jail yard, as will more fully appear from the following certificate. It is written out on a separate sheet of paper, and not endorsed on the death war- rant, as usual in such cases ; in fact, there is no death- warrant on file ; Certijicate. " I, H. F. Henckler, Sheriff of Monroe county, in the State of Illinois, do hereby certify, that Henry Alter, who was sentenced to be hung on the 28th of December, 18G0, by the circuit court of said county, at the special November term, 18ti0, of said court, for the killing of William Henze in said county, was, on the 28th day of December, l^tJO, at quarter past three o'clock P. .M of that day, duly executed, according to the sentence of said court, by hanging said Henry Alter by his neck until he, the said Henry Alter was dead, and that I did comply with the act passed by the 158 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. legislature of the said state, on tlie 18lh of Februarj', A. d. 1859, by erecting an inclosure adjoining the county jail of said county on the north side, and having such persons present as the said act directs ; but that before Alter was hung said inclosure was forcibly taken down by a mob, who overpowered the officers attending said execution. Witness my hand this 28th of December, 1K60. H. F. Henckler, Sheriff of Monroe county. 111." We the undersigned, do certify that the above certificate and the statement thertiu contained, is true and correct, and that we were present at the said execution. Witness our hands, this 28th of December, 1860. John Morrison, county judge; Urban Degenhard, judge ; George Tolin, judge. Doctors, K. S. Bollet and Thomas J. Cornell. Witnesses, Paul Schmiz, John C. Morney, Joseph W. Drury, C F. Gauen, Henry Pinkel, G. L. Ditch, Heinrich Kimmel, Cortez Crocker, Nelson Moody, Jewett Varuum and G. Ruch. The sentence of H. Alter, has by many been considered too severe, and to this day it id thought that a term in the penitentiary would have been ample. Alters had been worried and laLtalized by Henze, time and again, and in this last altercation could not control his passion. Murders had been of frequent occurrence in the county and the people were clamorous for a punishment in keeping with the heinousness of these oft repeated crimes. The sheriff's certificate itself shows plainly how enraged the masses were. The iuclosures, erected to hide the death- scenes from the eyes of a blood-thirsty nfultitude, were torn down by a mob, which had overpowered the authorities. Executioner, doctors, judges and four fifths of the wit- nesses have passed away to those realms, to which poor Albert's soul took its forced flight on that cold December eve. TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF GABRIEL J. FORSEE. Gabriel J. Forsee was not a resident of Monroe county. He had been indicted by the grand jury of Randolph county, Illinois, at the September term, 1865, for murdering Elizabeth Darwio, whose throat he had cut with a knife "for the value of one dollar," on July 13th, 1865. He obtained a change of venue and was tried before judge Silas S. Bryan, at the May term, 1866. He was defended by Underwood and Hood. The jury who tried him, was com- posed of the following citizens, to wit: William Nagel, W. W. Wallace, Michael Finnerty, Joseph Proctor, Joseph W. Hilton, Renke Renken, Arnold Herchenroeder, Frank Varies, Henry Schmidt, Christian Henry, Jacob Heer and George L. Ditch. The verdict of this jury is very brief, and bears no date or signatures. Its file mark is as follows : Filed May Tth, 1866. William Erd, clerk. His honor, judge Bryan, closed his brief sentence of death with the words, " May God have mercy on you." Gabriel Forsee was a bad man, had served a term in penitentiary for some other crime, ahd as he had been con- victed, mainly on the evidence of Elizabeth Darwin, he murdered her from motives of revenge. The execution took place, as the sheriff's certificate states, on the 2d of June, 1866, between the court house and jail at Waterloo. It is signed by Lewis N. Wilson, sheriff, and witnessed by Dr G. Hoffmann, Dr. H. Rothstein, Engelbert Voerster, M. D., and a ''jury" composed of William Hen- ley, Charles W. Meyer, Samuel Waddle, Christopher Fults, John Hirz, Martin Dunn, Valentine Briegel, C. H Kettler, J. H. Wilson, Theodore Repp, Daniel O'Leary and Charles Frick. It should be stated here, that judge Lynch held court, time and again, during this period. His work was speedy and terrible, and, it is feared not just in several cases. This information was given to the writer from hearsay, and as this chapter is" wholly made up from documentary evidence, the details of cruel and monstrous mob law must be excluded from these pages, The passions during and immediately after the war ran high, life was considered cheap, and the evil deeds of lawless persons exasperated the people to such a degree, that the word " not " was stricken from their sixth commandment. Several efforts to bring judge " Lynch " into court proved futile, and it seemed that the people generally were satisfied with what judge Lynch had ordered and decreed. A queer indictment. Frederick Heidelberger was indicted May, 1864, for bringing a negro slave into the county. The evidence was that Heidelberger, although warned that he was violating the law, had smuggled a negro slave, who had run away from his master in Mississippi, and made his way to St. Louis from that city to the county, etc. The jury found Heidelberger guilty, and the court, judge Silas L. Bryan, fined him SlOO and sentenced him to one hour imprisonment in the county jail. Heidelberger took an appeal, but it does not appear that the case ever came before the supreme court. It was lost sight of entirely. The fine and costs are still unpaid. Heidelberger died February 3d, 1873. His estate was put under administration and all his just debts were paid in full. MONROE COUNTY IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 1848 TO 1884. Sixteenth General Assembly, 1848 to 18.i0.* J. L. D. Morris-'n, of St. Clair, senator ; Xerxes F. Trail, of Monroe, representative. Seventeenth General Assembly, 1850 to 1852. J. L. D. Morrison, senator; Thomas Quick, representative. Eigh:eenth General Assembly, 1852 to 1854. Edward Oraelveny, senator; Thomas Winstanley, representative. Nineteenth General Assembly, 1854 to 1856. The appor- tionment of 1854 made no change in the district, except as to number. St. Clair and Monroe counties formed the 22d senatorial, and Monroe alone the Uth representative * Section 6 of Article III. of the Constitution of 1848 provided as follows : The Senate shall consist of 25 members, and the House of Representatives shall consist of 75 members, until the population of the State shall amount to one million of souls. By section 40 of that same article the counties of St. Clair and Monroe formed the 5tU Senatorial, and Monroe alone the 18th Represent, ative district. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 159 district. J. L. D. MorrisoD, of St. Clair, senator ; William R. Morrison, representative. Twentieth General Assembly, l.s5(i to 1858. W. H. Uuderwood, of St. Clair, senator ; W. R. Morrison, repre- sentative. Twenty-first General A.'sembly, 1858 to lS(iO. W. H. Underwood, senator ; \V. R. Jlorrisou,* representative. Twenty-second General Assembly. 18G0 to 1862. \X. 11. Underwood, senator ; H. C. Talbott, representative. Twenty-third General Assembly, 1862 to 1864. By the apportionment of January 31, 1861, Monroe county, to- gether with the counties of Williamson, Franklin, Jackson, Jefferson and Randolph, formed the 3d senatorial, and Monroe, Randolph and Perry the 8th representative dis- trict, which latter was entitled to two members of the house. Israel Blaneliard, of Jackson, senator; Stephen W. Miles, of Monroe, and Edward Menard, of Randolph, representa- tives. Twenty-fourth General Assembly, 1864 to 1866 Daniel Reily, of Randolph, senator; Austin James, of Monroe, and W. K. Murphy, of Perry, representatives. Twenty-fifth General Assembly, 1866 to 1868. Daniel Reily, senator ; John Campbell and William K. Murphy, representatives. Twenty -sixth General Assembly, 1868 to 1870. Samuel K. Casey, of Jefferson, senator ; John M. IMcCutcheon and Thomas II. Burgess, both of Perry, representatives. Twenty-seventh General Assembly, 1870 to 1872. Samuel K. Casey, senator, died in office, succeeded by W. B. Ander- son, senator; W. R. Morrison, representative. Twenty-eighth General Assembly. 1872 to 1874. By the apportionment of March 1, 1872, Monroe, Randolph and Perry counties have formed and are now forming the 4Nth senatorial district, entitled to one senator and three repre- sentatives. W. K. Murphy, of Perry, senator; John W. Piatt, William Neville and Austin James, representatives. Twenty-ninth General Assembly, 1874 to 1876. W. K. Murphy, senator ; Joseph W. Rukert, Samuel McKee and Jonathan Chesnutwood, representatives. Thirtieth General Assembly, 1876 to 1878. Ambrose Hoener, senator ; Theophilus T. Fountain, John Boyd and Septimus P. Mace, representatives. Thirty-first General Assembly, 1878 to 1880. Ambrose Hoener, senator ; John T. McBride, John R. McFie and Philip C. C. Provart. representatives. Thirty-second General Assembly, l.SSO to 1M.N2. Louis Ihorn, senator ; Isaac M Kelly, William K. Murphy and Austin James, representatives. Thirty-third General Assembly, 18M2 to 1884. Louis Ihorn, senator; John R. McFie, of Coulterville, James F. Cauniff, of Waterloo, John Higgins, of Du Quoin, repre- sentatives. CITIZENS OF MONROE COUNTY IN STATE OFFICES. George Forquer, the founder of Waterloo, was attorney- general from January 23, 1829, to December 3, 1832, on which day he resigned the office. •W. R. Morrison, the honored member from Monroe, was Speaker of the House, 1808 to 1800. John D. Whiteside was state treasurer from March 4, 1837, to March 6, 1841. The Whitesides came to this region about one hundred years ago. John J. Whiteside founded the now defunct town of Washington, on the Kas- kaskia, about the year 17it5. William II Bissell was elected governor of Illinois in 1856, was inaugurated on the 12tli of January, 1857, and died at Springfield, March 15, l.'^fiO. (Note from the "Amer- ican Encyclopedia.") Gov. Bissell was born near Coopers- town, N. Y., April 25, 1811. He took the degree of M. D. at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 183); practiced medicine two years at Painted Post, N. Y. ; re- moved to Monroe county, Illinois, in 1837 ; was elected to the state legislature in 1840, and there earned distinction as a forcible and ready debater. He subsequently studied and practiced law, and was elected prosecuting attorney of the St. Clair district in 1844. He served in the Mexican war in 1846 as colonel of the 2d Illinois volunteers, and distin- guished himself at Buena Vista. On his return home in 1849 he was elected without opposition a representative in Congress, in which capacity he served till 1855, resisting the repeal of the Missouri compromise, though he had previ- ously acted with the Democratic party, and gaining much reputation in the North by his defiant bearing in a contro- versy »ith Jefferson Davis respecting the ccmparative brave- ry of Northern and Southern soldiers. Davis challenged him, and he accepted the challenge, selecting muskets as the weapons to be used, at so short a distance as to make the duel probably fatal to both parties. Finally the quarrel was compromised and the challenge withdrawn. Henry C. Talbott was a member of the first state board of equalization elected by the people. He served his con- stituents in that capacity from 1868 to 1872. MONKOE COUNTY IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED ST.\Ti;.S. Seriate. Samuel McRoberts was elected to the Senate in 1841, succeeding John M. Robinson. McRoberts died JIarch 22d, 1843, four years before the expiration of his term, and was succeeded by James Semple, then of Madison county. House of Representatives. William H. Bissell, originally of IMouroe county, repre- sented this, commonly called the Belleville district, from nh) to 185.5. William R. Morrison, the most distinguished citizen of Blonroe and of Illinois, represented the district from 1863 to 1865, and again since 1873 — and has recently been elected to serve a sixth consecutive term, to wit : from 1883 to 1885. Morrison, as member of the House, is honored and respected by all his colleagues, without an exception. His administrative talent is apparent to all who direct their attention to public affairs. As chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, 1875 to 1877, he has made a national record of talent and merit. OFFICERS OF MONROE COt:NTY. A'Iministratiee Braitcli. County Commissioners from IS 16 to 1840. 181G to 1817— Caldwell Cairns, James Lcraen and 160 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS Abraham Amos, " GeutleEian Judges" of the county of Monroe. 1817 to 1818 — Caldi^e'. Cairns, James Lemen and James McRoberts 1818 to 1819— Caic',>ell Cairns, James McRoberts and Joseph A. Bfaird 1819 to 1821 — George Forquer, Caldwell Cairns and James McRoberts. 1821 to 1823— George Forquer, Caldwell Cairns and John Roach. 1823 to 1824 — John Roach, John Garretson and Cald- well Caiins. 1824 to 182o — John Garretson, Nathaniel Hamilton and John D. Whiteside. 182G to 1828— John D. Whiteside, John Bamber and John James. 1823 to 1829— Enoch Moore, H. H. Talbott, John Bamber and John JI..'Donald, elected to succeed Talbott (resigned.) 1829 to 1830 — Enoch Moore, John Bamber and John McDonald. 1830 to 1832— Ed. T. Morgan, Ab. Barker and John McDonald. I8.j2 to 1833— Ed. T.Morgan, John McDonald and Felix Clark. 1833 to 1834— Ed. T. Morgan, Felix Clark and Scipio Beaird. 1834 to 1836 — Emery P. Rogers, Solomon Patterson and Thomas McRoberts. 1836 to 1838— E. P. Rogers, Sidney Todd and Thomas Singleton. 1838 to 1840-Sidney Todd, William Threlfull and J. M. Wooten. 1840 to 1S41— J. M. Wooten, Sidney Todd and Thomas Winstauley. 1841 to 1842— Sidney Todd, Thomas Winstanley and Thomas Harrison. 1842 to 1843 — Thomas Winstanley, Thomas Harrison and Clem. Bostwick. 1843 to 1814 — Thomas Harrison, Clem. Bostwick and John Goeth. 1844 to 1845- Clem. Bostwick, John Ga?th and Pat. Saxton. 1845 to 1846— John Goeth, Pat. Saxton and Lewis James. 1846 to 1847 — Pat. Saxton, Lewis James and E. P. Rogers. 1847 to 1848 — Lewis James, E. P. Rogers and Joseph Livers. 1848 to 1S49— E. P. Rogers, Joseph Livers and John Burk. COUNTY COURTS FROM 1849 to 1873. 1849 to 1853 — John Morrison, County Judge; Bradley Eust, J. M. Robinson, Associate Justices. 1853 V) 1357 — John Morrison, County Judge; George Tobin, Sidoc}' Todd, Associate Justices. 1857 to 1861— John Morrison, County Judge; George Tobin, Uibau Degenhard, Associate Justices. 1861 t? I-8J5 — John Mjrrisoj, Cjunty Judge; Ernest Grjsie, Stephen C. Potest, Associ.?.J.e Justices. 1865 to 1869— John Morrison, County Judge; Jacob Beck, Abraham Porter, Associate Justices. 1869 to 1874 — John Morrison, county judge, died in office December 1872 ; vacancy was filled by Henry C. Tal- bott, county judge. Adam Raisi and Harrison Druce, asso- ciate justices. County Commissioiiers Board from 1874 to date : 1874 to 1875. — George Frick, Harrison Druce and George Divers. 1875 to 1876. — Harrison Druce, George Divers and Geo. Frick. 1876 to 1877. — George Divers, George Frick and Jacob Maeys. 1877 to 1879. — George Frick, Jacob Maeys and Ernest Grosse. 1879 to 1880. — Jacob Maeys, Ernst Grosse and Chris- tian Jobusch. 1880 to 1881. — Ernst Grosse, Christian Jobusch and John Angerer. 1881 to 1882. — Christian Jobusch, John Angerer, and J. F. Harms. 1882 to 1883.— John Angerer, J. F. Harms and John Janson. Clerhi of the County Court or Board. 1816 to 1819.— William Alexander. 1819 to 1825.— Samuel McRoberts. H. C. Mizner, clerk at " interim," in place of McRoberts, suspended by county board, but reinstated by a " manda- mus " of the circuit court, 1822. 1825 to 1843. — Daniel Converse. 1843 to 1848.— W. W. Omelveny (resigned). 1848 to 1857. — Daniel Converse. 1857 to 1861.— C. H. Kettler. ISGl to 1873. — Ambrose Hoener. 1873 to date. — Paul C Brey. Assessors. John Moore, Thomas O'Connor, Alexander Jameson, Nathaniel Hamilton, John C. James, Madisoi. Miller, J. D. Worley, Pendleton Hill, Thomas Winstanley, John Ryan and Mathew Donohoe. These officers were appointed by the county board at times to act for the whole county, and, at other times, for districts or townships. The assessment of the taxable property has by law been made the duty of the county treasurer. 1844. Treasurers. John Moore, 1816; Prince Bryant, 1819; John James, 1825; E. P. Rogers, 1827; Nathaniel Hamilton, 1823; Hardin Newlin, 1830; John Ryan, 1831; Jesse Wiswell, 1841 ; Hammond Shoe^jaker, 1843, resigned in 1853, David M. Livers appointed to fill vacancy in 1853 ; Christian H. Kettler, elected in 1853 ; John L. Lemen, 1855 ; Ambrose Hoener, 1857 ; Hammond Shoemaker, 18(il ; William Wil- son, 1863 ; G. L. Riess, 1865 ; David M. Hardy, 1869, re- signed in 1878 ; and Alonzo Philips since that date. Recorders. William Alexander, 1816; Sarauel McRoberts, 1819; HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 161 and Daniel Converse, 1825, who remained recorder until the law made the circuit clerk recorder ex-officio, 18-18. Surveyors. Enoch Moore, 181B; J. Milton Moore, 1820; W. C. Starkey, 1855; H. Ropiquet, 1859 ; David M Livers, 1861 ; Leander James, 1863; August Weinel, 1865; August Brandes, 1867; J. R. Doyle, 186!); and Rufus Gardner s'nce 1875. Jmlic'uil Officers, Probate Court — Judges. Caldwell Cairns, from 1816 to 1825; James B. Moore, 1825 to 1832; Enoch B. Moore, from 1832 to 1837 ; Thomas Winstanley, 1837, as probate justice of the peace; John Morrison. 1849 to 1872. County Judge : H. C. Talbott, 18/3 to 1877 ; and William Erd since 1877. Circuit Court —Juilyes. Hon. Jesse B. Thomas in 1817 ; Hon Daniel P. C'ook and Hon. John Warnock in 1818; Hon. Joseph Philips in 1819; Hon. John Reynolds in 1819 and '20; Hon. Joseph Philips in 1821 ; Hon. Thomas Reynolds in 1822; Hon. John Rey- nolds in 1823 ; Hon. Thomas Reynolds in 1824 ; Hon. Sa- muel McRoberts in 1825 and 1826; Hon. T. W. Smith 1827 to 1828; Hons. R.M.Young and \V. C. Brown in 1829 ; Hon. T. W. Smith, 1830 to 1835 ; Hon. Thos. Ford in 1835 ; Hon. Sidney Breese from 1836 to 1843 ; Hon. las. Semplein i843 ; Hon. .James Shields from 1843 to 1845 ; Hon. Gustav Koerner from 1845 to 1849; Hon. W. H. Underwood from 1849 to 1855 ; Hon. Sidney Breese from 1855 to 1 858 ; Hon. H. K. S. Omelveny from 1858 to 1862; Hon. Silas L. Bryan from 1862 to 1874; Hons. Amos Watts, George W. Wall and W. H. Snyder since 1874. Prosecuting Attorneys. The records fail to give a succinct account of these officers in the period from 1817 to 1840; Charles Matheny, Charles B. Matheny and Sidney Breese are mentioned. W. H. Underwood from 1840 to 18J4 ; W. H. Bissell from 1844 to 1848 ; P. B. Foulke from 1848 to 1852 ; George Abbott in 1852 (pro tern.) ; W. C. Kinney to 1856 ; W. H. Snyder from 1856 to 1858 ; Amos Watts from 1858 to 1864; George Vernor in 1864 (pro tern); J.P.Johnston from 1864 to 1868; .John Michan, 1868 to 1872; George R. Reiss, 1872 to 1876 ; J. W. Rickert Since 1876. Clerks of the Circuit Court. William Alexander, 1816; Enoch Moore, 1818; Samuel McRoberts, 1819; John D Whiteside, 1825; David Newlin, 1828 ; Enoch Moore, 1836 ; W. W. Omelveny, 1840 ; W. R. Morrison, 1853; William Erd, 1855; John Segler, 1876, died in office, 1879, was succeeded by John Wiesen- born, the present incumbent. Sheriffs. James B. Moore, 1816 ; John James, 1820 ; Jonathan Lynch, 1825 ; James Moore, 1830 ; James B. Needles, 18;5-4; Edward T. Morgan, 1840; John Morrison, 1842; John H. Wil.^on, 1846 ; Charles Henckler, IS.jO ; J. M Wil- son, 1852; Ciiarles Frick, 1854; H. F. Henckler, 1860; Lewis N. Wilson, 1864; Joseph W. Drury, 1866 ; Charles 21 Frick, 1868; Joseph W. Drury, 1870; Charles Erick, 1874; and J. H. Wilson since 1878. Coroners. John Moore, 1816; Wd. Howard, 1818; Seih Converse, 1820 ; Andey Kinney, 1822; William Riggs, 1826; Thomas Nelson, 1828; Fielder Burch, 1830; Seth Whitesice, 1S36; Fisher Ditch, 1838; Jacob Troxel, 1844; L«aac Barker, 1846; H P. Rhodeu, 1872 ; Otto Kuehn, 1874; S. B Hil- ton, 1876; Otto Kuehn, 1878; S. B. Hilton since 1880. PERRY COUNTY. The civil history of this county properly begins with the passage, by the Fifth General Assembly of the state, held at Vandalia, commencing on the fourth dav of December, 1826, and closing on the nineteenth day of February, 1827, of the "Act creating Perry county : — Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the people of the state of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly, that all that tract of country within the following boundaries, to wit : Beginning at the northeast corner of townshij) numbered four, south of range numbered one west, thence due west, on the line be- tween townsiiips three and four, twenty four miles to the northwest, corner of township four south of range four west ; thence due south, on the line between ranges four and five, eighteen miles to the southwest, corner of township six south of range four west, thence due east on the line between town, ships six and seven twenty-four miles to the southeast corner of township six south of range one west, thencedue north on the third principal meridian line eighteen miles to the place of beginning shall constitute a new county to be called the county of Perry. Sec. 2. That for the purpose of locating the permanent seat of justice for said county, the following named persons shall be, and they are hereby appointed commissioners, to wit : Edward Humphreys and Samuel Crawford of Randolph county, and Singleton Kimmel of Jackson county, whose duty it shall be to meet at the house of Amos Anderson, in said county, on or before the first Monday of April next, and after being duly sworn before some judge or justice of the peace of this state, faithfully and impartially to dis- charge the duties imposed upon them by this act, shall pro- ceed to determine upon a place upon which to locate the permanent seat of justice, for said county : Provided, the proprietor or proprietors of the land so selected, will give to the county, for the purpose of enabling it to erect the neces- sary public buildings, a quantity of land not less than twenty acres; which said land shall be conveyed to the county com- missioners of .said county and their successors in office, for the use of the people of said county, by a good and sufficient deed in fee simple, in the customary form, and with the usual covenants of warranty ; and shall afterwards be laid out into lota, and sold under the direction of the county com- missioners of said county, at such times and upon such terms as the said commissioners may ajipoint for the purpose of enabling said county to erect the necessary public buildings as aforesaid. Should the proprietor or proprietors, refuse to 162 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. make a donation as aforepaid, then, and in that case, it shall be the duty of the commissioners to fix upon some other place for the seat of justice, which place, when so fixed and determined upon, shall be considered the permanent seat of justice for said county ; and the county seat when so estab- lished, shall be called Pinckneyville. And the said com- missioners shall certify their proceedings, under their proper hands and seals, to the first county commissioner's court, to be held in and for said county ; which court shall cause an entry thereof to be spread at large on their books of record. Sec. 3. Until public buildings shall be erected, for the purpose and designated by the county commissioner's court, as such, the several courts of record, with the exception of the probate couit, shall be held at the house of Amos An- derson in said county. Sec. 4. An election shall be held at the house of the above named Amos Anderson, on the first Monday of May next, for three county commissioners, one sheriff, and one coroner, for said county, who shall hold their offices until the next general election, and until their successors be quali- fied : which said election, shall in all respects be conducted^ agreeably to the provisions of the act or acts now in force, or which may hereafter be enacted regulating elections : Provided, that the qualified voters of said county, when met shall proceed to elect, from among their number which may then be present, three qualified electors, to act as judges of said election, who shall appoint two qualified voters to act as clerks. Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the clerk of the circuit court, who may be appointed for said county, to give public notice of the time and place of holding said election, by caus- ing advertisements to be set up at three of the most public places in said county, at least fifteen days previous to the day on which it is hereby directed to be held : and in case there shall be no clerk appointed in time, it shall be the duty of the recorder to give notice as aforesaid, of the time and place of said election. Sec. 6. The citizens of the said county of Perry shall be and they are hereby declared to be entitled to the same rights and privileges, as are or may be allowed in general to the other counties in this state. Sec. 7. That until the nest general apportoinment of the representation of the several counties of this state, all that part of the said county of Perry, which is hereby taken from the county of Randolph, shall constitute a separate and distinct precinct, which shall continue to vote with the county of Randolph in all general and special elections for senators and representatives to the general assembly of this state ; and all that part which is taken from the county of Jackson, shall for the like period, in like manner continue to vote with the county of Jackson for representatives, and with the counties of Franklin and Jackson for senators to the general assembly, in all special and general elections, until other- wise directed by law : Provided, that the said county of Perry shall in all other elections, and for all other officers, be entitled to vote as a free and independent county, without any other or further restiiction, than is imposed upon other counties in this state-. The said county of Perry shall be at- tached to and form a part of the second judicial circuit. Sec. 8. The said commissioners shall receive as a com pen" sation for their services, the sum of one dollar and fifty cents per day, for each day by them necessarily spent in discharging the duti>s imposed upon them by this act, to be allowed by the county commissioners' court, and paid out of the county treasury. This act to take effect from and after its passage. NiNiAN Edwards, Approved, January 2'"th, 1827. Governor. This act, as it appears from the original manuscript in the records now at Springfield, was signed by J. McLean, Speaker of the House of Representatives, William Kinney, Speaker of the Senate, and approved by the Council of Re- vision on the 29th day of January, 1827, and signed by Ninian Edwards, Governor of the State, at which time it took effect and went into force. 1. Creating Perry County. — The county was named in honor of Commodore Oliver H. Perry, who won great honors for defeating the English squadron on Lake Erie, on the tenth day of December, 1813. The severe naval battle, in which he destroyed the British fleet was fought near Put-in- Bay ; and his dispatch to General Harrison was, " We have met the enemy and they are ours." The house of Amos Anderson, at which the elections were to be held, was situated on the west half of the southwest quarter of section twenty- two, in township five, south range, two west of the third principal meridian, and was a log cabin common in those days. First County offieers. — On the nineteenth day of the same month and year, Theophilus W. Smith, associate justice ofthis judicial district, being thesecondjudicial district in the State, commissioned Humphrey B. Jones, circuit clerk of our county, whose duty it was, under the 6th section of the act, creating the county, to give at least fifteen days notice, by causing advertisements to be set up at three of the most pub- lic places in the county, of the election of three county com- missioners, a sheriff and coroner as provided by the act, to be held on the first Monday in May, 18'27. The records of the county, however, contain no account of this election, there being no records of any county election previous to August 4th, 1828. We are informed however, by Enoch Eaton, who was then a legal voter, and now living, that an election was had in the spring of 1827, pursuant to an order of H. B. Jones, cir- cuit clerk, and that John R. Hutchings and William Adair were two of the commissioners elected; the third one he does not now remember; and that William C. Murphy and Joseph W'ells were candidates for sherifl^ and that they each had an equal number of votes, and upon casting lots, Joseph Wells was the lucky aspirant for the office. Amos Anderson was elec.ed coroner. As usual in elections however with our people, and we came by it honestly, there was considerable excitement and feeling over the election, and Dr. Brayshaw, one of the dis- satisfied ones, being no doubt on the losing side, raised a HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 1G3 point as to the legality of the election on the ground that the circuit clerk instead of calling for the election to be held at the house of Amos Anderson, as provided for in section four of the act, had by his public advertisements, announced the same at the house of George Franklin, who lived east of south from the now present site of Pinckneyviile about a mile, and at which last named place the election was held. So persistent was Dr. Brayshaw in pronouncing the election illegal, that in order to carry his point he went on horseback to Vandalia, then the capital of the State, for the purpose of procuring a copy of the act. What was the result of this error of the clerk in thus calling the election contrary to the provision of the act, we are unable to ascertain. That ^\ illiam Adair, whom we are informed by Mr. Enoch Eaton was elected one of the commissioners under the first call for an election, was not sworn in as the records show, leads us to conclude that a second election was held the first year. RECORD OF THE MEETING OF THE FIRST BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. From the first record, it appears that John K. Hutching^' David H. Mead and Elijah Wells met at the house of Amos Anderson, who lived about two and one-half miles east of the present site of Pinckneyville ; and on what is now the Du Quoin and Pinckneyville road, and were there sworn into office as county commissioners, on the fourth day of June, 1827, b)- Humphrey B. Jones, a justice of the peace, and immediately held the first session of the county commissioners' court. The first official act was the appointment of Hum- phrey B. Jones as county clerk. He gave bond in the sum of one thousand dollars, with Lewis Wells and Daniel Dry as his sureties, took the oath of office and entered upon his duties. For the office of treasurer there were two candidates, Daniel Dry and Richard G. Hutchings. Daniel Dry re- ceiving a majority of the votes of the commissioners, was declared elected, and gave bond in the sum of one thousand dollars, with Humphrey B. Jones and Lewis Wells as his sureties, took the official oath, and was given the money box of the county. At this same meeting, the commissioners appointed James H. Franklin constable for the district west of Beaucoup creek in said county, and Franklin gave bond in the sum of five hundred dollars, with William C. Murjjhy as his surety at the same time. The following orders were made the same day : E/fcrio)t diftrirU.—" Ordered, that in pursuance of the act entitled " An act to provide for the election of justices of the peace and constables; the county of Perry be divided into districts as follows, to wit: All that tract of country lying east of Beaucoup creek in said county shall constitute and compose one district to be denominated the Eastern District ; and all that country in said county west of said Beaucoup creek shall form another district to be called the Western District." " Ordered, That Robert McElvain, Charles C. Glover and Abner Pyle be, and they are hereby appointed judges of the election for justices of the peace and constables in the Ea.>-t- ern District of this county ; and that Thomas Swanwick, sr., William H. Threlkel and James Crane be and they are hereby appointed judges of the election of justices of the peace and constables for the Western District of this county " AKse.fsment of Properly. — Ordered, That a ta.x of one third per cent, be levied on all town lots, which are not taxed by the trustees, which may be appointed to the town of Pinck- neyville; on all slaves and indentured negroes or mulatto servants; on pleasure carriages; on all distilleries ; on stock in trade ; on all horses, mares, mules, asses and neat cattle above three years of age ; and on watches with their appen- dages ; and on bank stock." " Ordered, That the court adjourn until to-morrow morn- ing, nine o'clock." Tne cjm nissioners met in session the follosving day and appointed the following named citizens as the First Grand Jurors. — " Ordered by the court that John Campbell, Jr.. Avery Chapman, Lewis Wells, Jr., William Troop, Sr., John Pyle, Sr. , Robert McElvain, John G. Simpkins, William Pyle, Sr., John Berry, Amos Ander- son, Robert Huggins, William Elliott, Jonathan Pettit, John Hutchings, Robert B. Murphy, William H Threlkel, Richard G. Murphy, James Brown, sr., Richard Green, William Adair, Charles Garner, John Flack, Robt-rt Crowe, James Crane, be and they are hereby appointed standing Grand Jurors to serve at the next August term of the Perry Circuit Court, and the clerk of this court issue a venire therefor. First Pdit Jurors. — Ordered by the cjurt, that Jonathan Foster,iIames Simpkins, Joseph Taylor, James West, Joseph Brayshaw, Joseph Wells, John Pyle, Jr., Lswis Wells, Sr , William Pyle, Jr., Abner Pyle, Enoch Eaton, James Hug- gins, Thomas Swanwick, Jr., Epiiraim Bilderback, James Murphy, William (xarner, Hugh Brown, Matthew Vaun, Benjamin F. Brown, Jacob Short, R ibert F. Clark, John Brown, Jr., Shadrach Lively and James Brown, Jr., be and the same are hereby appointed standing Traverse jurors, to serve at the next August term of the Perry circuit court, and that the clerk of this court issue a venire therefi)r. John Pyle, Jr., was appointed constable in the Eastern District, and gave bond in the sum of five hundred do'lars, with William Pyle^ Sr.. as surety. First Order for Road. — Whereas, a petition signed by William Pyle, Sr , H. B. Jones, Lewis Wells and others, amounting to eighteen, has been presented to this court, praying for a road to be viewed and marked, to commence at the road leading from Shawneetown to St. Louis, at or near where said road enters the east edge of what is called Paradise prairie, thence running the nearest and best route to Beaucoup creek, and to cross said creek at the nearest good ford thereon to the centre of this county, thence the nearest and best route to what is called " Willards road," where the same leaves the west edge of the six mile prairie. Ordered, by the court, that the prayer of said petitioners be granted, and that William Pyle, Sr., David H. Mead and Amos Anderson, be and are hereby appointed to view and mark said road from the St. Louis road to Beaucoup creek, and that John Hutchings, George Franklin and Robert B. Murphy, be and they are hereby appointed com- 104 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. niisbioucrs to view and mark said road from Beaucoiip creek to " Willard's road," where it passes out of the west end of the six mile prairie, according to the provisions of the fore- going order. Firt>t License to keep a Tavern. — Amos Anderson applied for a license to keep a tavern or public house of entertain- ment, at his house in the county for one year. Ordered, that his request be granted on his giving bond according to law and paying for the use of the county, one dollar and fifty cents, the clerk's fees for the same. Ordered, that the court adjourn one hour. Court met pursuant to adjournment, and passed the fol- lowing schedule of charges for Amos Anderson : Ordered, that the following be the rates and prices to be paid or demanded by tavern keepers, within this county, for liquors, lodging, diet, stableage, provender, pasturage, &c , to wit : For whisky, twelve and a half cents per half pint; for rum or brandy, wine, gin, peach or apple brandy, or cherry bounce, eighteen and three quarter cents; for lodging, six and one quarter cents per night ; for breakfast and supper, eighteen and three-quarter cents ; for dinner, twenty-five cents; for feeding horse, beast, twelve and one-half cents; keeping .'ame per night, thirty-seven and one-half cents ; for pasturage for horse, beast, si.x and one-quarter cents per head for each day or night ; pasturage for neat cattle, hogs or sheep, four ceuts per head for each day or night. First Polls. — Ordered, that the election for justices of the peace and constables for the Eastern District of thi^ county, be held at the house of William Pyle, Sr., and that the election for the same in the Western District, be held at the house of Robert B. Murphy. Ordered, that the court adjourn until court in course. j. r. hutchinus, David H. Mead, Elijah Wei.ls. First Session of the Perry Circuit Court.— 7he next sub- ject to attract the attention of the reader in order of date, is the first session of the circuit court for the new county. The original records show that the session was but of one day's duration, and the principal acts were as follows: At a session of the circuit court, begun and held at the house of Amos Anderson, in the county of Perry, state of Illinois, on the twenty-eighth day of August, Anno Domini, 1827. Present: The Hon. Theophilus W. Smith, a justice of the supreme court of said state, and presiding judge of said circuit court. Himphkey B. Jones, clerk. AVilliam C. Mi'RPHY, sheriff. Humphrey B. Jones, the clerk of this court, produced in coprt his bond with Richard J. Hamilton, John A. Jones and Conrad Will, his securities, in the penal sum of two thousand dollars, payable to the governor of the state, for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office, which bond and security was approved by the court, and was ordered to be certified accordingly. William C. Murphy, as sheriif of the county, produced in court his bond, which wa« approved and certified accordingly. The bond was for tlie sum of ten thousaud dollars, with William Adair, William H. Threlkel, Hugli Brown, George Franklin and Robert B. Murphy, as sureties. The bond sets forth that William C. Murphy was elected on the 7lh of May, 1827. Murphy also took the " duel " oath, and filed his commission, signed by Niniau Edwards, Gov- ernor. The sheriff returned into court the grand jurors (men- tioned in a previous part of this chapter) with the exception of four who were absent ; thereupon the court appointed Richard Green, foreman. The said grand jury being sworn to inquire for the body of the county of Perry, were charged by his honor the judge, and retired to consider present- ments. David J. Baker was appointed in the absence of the circuit attorney, Henry Eddy, to prosecute as said attorney pro tern. The following business was then transacted : The People of the State of Illinois, Pllff. ) vs. William Pyle, Sr., Deft. ) Upon a recognizance taken and returned by a justice ox the peace to this court, the witnesses in said cause were severally called, and having answered, were directed to go before the trrand jury. The grand jury was empaneled, but were discharged without presenting any indictments, and there being no other business, the court adjourned upon the first day thereof. Siiailar orders wire nade in cases of the same character agsi'jst John Pv'.e, Jr. David Pyle and Abner Pyle, Jr. Robert McElifaiD, John G- Simpkins, John Flack and William Elliott, who were severally summoned to attend the term of this court as grand jurors, and having failed to attend, it is Ordered that a summons issue against said de- linquent grand jurors, returnable to the next term of this court, requiring the said McElvain, Simpkins, Flack and Elliott to show cause why they should not be fined for " contempt of this court in making default in their atten- dance as aforesaid." In the cases of the People against William Pyle, Sr., David Pyle, Abner Pyle, Jr., and John Pyle, Jr., upon a recognizance to keep the peace, the following order was made : In the above causes the defendants being called and ap- pearing, and as it appeared to the court from the statement of the party complaimint and upon whose application said defendants were recognized, that the causes of complaint no longer existed, it was thereupon, Ordered by the court that the defendants be discharged from their said recognizances. Ordered, That the court adjourn until court in course. W. T. Smith, Justice Sup. Court. Circuit Court, Auyust Term, 1828.— Nothing being done at the first session of the circuit court, a second session was convened at the same place, and with the same officfrs, in August, 1828. The docket for that ttim consisted of ac- tions for contempt against Robert McElvain, John G. Simpkins, William Elliott and John Flack, delinquent HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. k;.-) grand jurors of the previous term, and two cases ou appeal in debt — one of Jeisse W. Cooper rs. Ambrose Ford, and the other S. Wills, administrator of M. Dillinger, deceased, rs. John Flack, both of \vhi(;h were coutiuucd. On the ITlh of June judgment was rendered against Robert McElvain for costs; and on the 20th of the same month the same order was entered against Wdliam Elliott and John Flack, while that against John G. Simpkins was continued. On the same docket and at the same term, we find the names of Reynolds, Wills, McRoberts, Breese, Baker, Hamilton and Eddy entered as attorneys. As an example of the inexpeusiveness of litigation in those early days, we append a copy of an early cost bill iu an appeal cause of Matthew Jones and Francis Miller rs. Abner Pyle, Jr., which was affirnied by consent at the May term of the circuit court, 18o7 : COST BILL IN CIRCUIT COURT, 1837. Matthew JoTics iiiid Franci.s Miller) vs. ■ Appe;il. Abner Pyle, Jr. J Oust 6v DefaitUint, M(i>j Term, 18.37. Clerks filing transcripts and papers from J. P. an.l taking l>.>nil, etc., 511 cts. : filing bon«l, 6^4 i-ts., b&\^ Filing injiinotiiin, C'i ets. ; .approving, \>y, ets ; Entering :itturney, liHcts " 31'/4 Docketing, \i.\i cts.; bill of cos , 2,1 ctf.; certifying and sealing same, 50 cts s.V/i Summnns, .W cts. ; fil.ng, 6% cts. ; filing bill of post,", 6^ cts., 63>< Docketing, 12)/2 cts. ; sherilTs return, 12^ ct.s 25 Tolal t-i cji - SiATROP Illinois, ) Perry lounty. / '■ I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true bill ..f the ilel'en(1:\nfs posts in this case, and that the same was adjudged a.iiainst said defendant by tlie cir- cuit court at their May term, 1S.-57 Given under niy hand and private seal, no public seal being provided, at Pinckneyville, this L'Olh day of June, 1S3T. II. B. Joxes, Clerk. SECOND MEETINC OF COMMISSIONERS COURT. The second se^sion of the county commissioners' court lasted but one day, the third day of September, 1^27 ; Elijah Wells, David II. Mead, and Jolin R. Hutchings being present, and transacting the following business: Daniel Dry was granted a license to keep a tavern ; and also allowed the sum often dollars for assessing the taxable property of the county, the time reiiuired being seven days. THE FIRST RO.\I). The commissioners appointed at the June term reported that they believed the establishment of the road to be useful and necessary, and that they had proceeded to locate the same and have designated its course through prairies by fix- ing stakes iu the ground, and through timbered land by marking the trees at a convenient di.itance from each other on said route. FIRST ROAD DISTRICTS AND ROAD OFFICERS. Ordered, Tiiat all that tract of country, beginning at the southwest corner of section sixteen, town six, south range two west, thence due east to the third principal meridian line, thence north on said line to the northeast corner of township five, south of range one west, thence due west on the line between townships four and five to where the same crosses Beaucoup creek, thence down said creek to the i)lace of beginning, thall be, and constitute a road district, and be known as the Upper Eastern District ; and Daniel Dry is hereby appointed supervisor of the same. The Lower Eastern District comprised all that p'H, that they believe the east half of the northeast quarter of section twenty-four in town.ship five south, range thrie west of the third princijml meriiiian, to be the " mo:t eligible and best calculated for the permanent seat of justice of this county." In pursuance of which an order was made adoi)ting said tract of land as the "site for the future seat of justice fur the county;' and appointing Joel Manning, of Jackson county, and William T. Swanwick and Humphrey B. Jonts commissioners, to lay out twenty acres of said tract into lots ■'with a public square, streets and alleys so that the whole sh'jU be conveniently and properly situated and arranged in conformity with the most approved plan of towus or villages similarly situated." As yet the land had not l)een entered from the govern- ment At the December term, 1827, an agreement was made that the land should be entered in the name of the county commissioners, H. B. Jones, or some other person to furnish half the money, and to receive a deed to the south half of the tract. 166 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. William C. Murphy was appointed agent to make the entry, and on the third day of December, 1827, ao order drawn in his favor for fifty dollars in specie or its equivalent in state paper at the rate of seventy-five cents to the dollar, and was afterwards paid the discount, five dollars aud twenty cents, and the amount due from Humphrey B. Jones was advanced out of funds placed in his hands by parties in Kentucky for the purpose of speculating in lands. The money was placed iu the hands of William C. Murphy, who proceeded to Kaskaskia, and on the twenty-eighth day of December, 1827, entered the tract in the name of the county commissioners David H. Mead, John R Hutchings, and Elijah Wells. The south half of said tract, excepting a small part included in the original survey of Pinckueyville, was afterwards conveyed to Humphrey B. Jones. The commissioners, who were instructed at the time of their appointment, to so lay oft" the twenty acres that there miffht be two tiers of lots on each side of the public square, made their report to the county commissioners on the fifth dav of January, 1828 ; but it was not placed on record until the twenty-first day of that month. RETORT OF COMJirSSIOSERS TO PLAT THE TOWN. In pursuance of the order of said court, and by virtue of the power vested in va as commissioners aforesaid, we met at the house of H. B. Jones, in said county, on the third instant, and after a critical and thorough examination of ihe ground to which we were limited in laying off' the said town, proceeded aud made the following survey, to wit: Beginning at the half mile corner between sections thirteen and twenty-four of the town and range aforesaid, from which a hickory, twelve inches in diameter, bears south forty-seven degrees, east thirty links, thence south upon the east line of the northwest quarter of section twenty-four, town five south, range three west, seven chains and eighty links to a post oa said line, thence west one chain and fifty links to a post, from which last mentioned point we pro- ceeded, and surveyed and laid off" a town, consisting of a public square, town lots, streets, etc., which is particularly exhibited, set forth and described on a plat, which we hereby make a part of this, our report. The whole of said survey was made with a variation of the needle of seven and a half degrees west. The twenty acres mentioned in the said order being laid off" sixty-four rods north and south, by fifty rods east aud west, and disposed of so far as exhibited on the plat. There stillremains a strip of ground of fifteen feet wide 'upon the west side and one of one hundred an:% Leaving a balance of 803 371, which was especially api)ropriateil and ordered paid over to William C. jMnrphy, for the |)urpose of eniering the land for ihe county seat. V.\K\.\ ,MA1!I!IA(.E LICENSES. Dntt of Ufii'-. f.iriu •. l\u l,j iHrfurmuui '\r. ,«n'i!/. Dnle nf Mitirimje. Nov. IT, Ij-'-'T. Alexaiid.i 11 :,ik !■■ Eliiirll WVII-. l'... Com. Nov. '», ISL'T. IIillii r.'a.£il.., Dec 24, ISiT. Iliniii. M... i.> .l.dm I!. Iliit.-liiii|-s J. P. Doc. 2."., 1827. Man- .\im HilLliiilgs, Julvli, ISiS. lila.'Un.ll i.i..i..h..i lo iMvid H. M.-ad.fo.Com. July 13, 1828. .Malll.da .M.i..,«aii. Feb. Hi, 182!i. Uiiiii..|.l Ml^'id 1., .lolin Wood I!.>mp, Feb. 28, 1829. Lhzii 1). rriin:l..li. lip. B. ''. C. M»rch 2, lS2'.l. U.Miv Amki-.n lo liloliard ij. Murphy,, I. P. .March 3, 1S20. .Ma.l.'iv. March T, 18.11, ,l..lui Hr..\ni lo Humph Manila 11 luithani. June 2.i, 182:i. .l..ci inuu i . Ilumpli Auc. 31, 182'.). A.li laii Vai. WiiiU-lc Ka-u-r llaiik«. Nor. 18, 1820. I'cur 11. » lIUs lo J»n. G, 18.W, Hcuja (■a^.va1 Jan. 2,'i, 18,'W. John ; ■py H..lonc-..l.I'. March 12, ls.»i rcy H. Jones, .1.1'. June 2.-., Is2'.i. Iluniplircy H,J..ncs,J, P, July ::u, imi. Iiavid H.Mcad.ro.C.m. Sept, it, 1s2'.i, Ilmupliny ll.Joiics,J.I'. .Nov. 10, l.v.'O. Iliiuipllicy H.J..11CS, I.I>. lie.'. 21, I.SJO. Huiuphv.-y H.,l(MU-s,J.P. .hiu. T, l«:',n. Hanicl lliy, J.P. Jall.2t;. IK.lii. Hicharrt II. Murphy, J I', Wm Johnson, Co. Com. Feb. 2.S 18.3U. Fird Deal p/nccil on Record after tlir ('niiiifii >rM orrjaulzed. The following is the first deed put on record in Perry county ; it was made by William Pyle, Sr,, and wife to Daniel Dry ; it contained thirty-five acres, the consideration being two hundred dollars : This Indenture, made this tiiirtcenth day of .\ugu.-t, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty- seven, by and between William Pyle, Sr., and his wife Elizaiietii, of Perry county and State of Illinois, of the one part, and Daniel Dry, of the couniy and State aforesaid, of the other part, Witmaadh: That the said William Pyle, Sr,, and his wife Elizabeth, for and in consideration of the sum of two hundred dollars, to them in hand jiaid by the said Daniel Dry, the recei|)t whereof is hcreity acknowledged, hath granted, sold, remised, released and lorever ipiit claim and bv the.se presents doth grant, sell, remise, rehase and forever quit ehiim, unto the said Daniel Dry, his heiis and assigns, all their interest in and to a certain triict of land. lying and being situated in the county of Perry and State afore^aid,and bounded l)y the following medes and bounds, to wit: Beginning at the .'ioutliwest corner of section twelve in range two west town six south of the tliird principal meri- dian, running thence north seventy rods, thence tast eighty rods, thence si nth seventy rods, thence west to the beginning, so as to contain thirty-five acres. To have and to hold the aforesaid tract of land, together with all and singular the rights and profil-i, tenements, hereditaments and appurte- nances thereunto belonging or in any wise appertaining to the only proper use and benefit to him. the said Daniel Dry, his heirs and assigns forever And the said William Pyle, Sr., and his wife Kli/.abeth, doth covenant to and with tl e said Daniel Dry, that they will forever warrant and defiiid the said tract of land from the claim of themselves, their heirs and assigns and against the claim or claims of any other person or per.sons whomsoever. In testimony, we have hereunto set our hands and afhxed our seals the day and year above first written, Wi;,i,i.\.\t PvLE, Si:., [l.. s.] Signed, sealed and Ki.i/.aki-.tii' x Pyi.e. [i.. s.] delivered in jiresence of n.ark H. B. .Tones', John Pyle, Jk, This deed was duly acknowledged August 20th, 1S27, before II. B. Jones, J. P. Flrd Will on Rrrnrd (,1829). The following is the last will and testament of Thomas Swanwick : I give to my dear wifi;'. Hannah Swanwick, all my pro- perty of every kind, real and [lersonal, wherever situated, to her and her heirs forever, being fully satisfied that in so doing I best consult the intt rests and ha j .pine, s of my dear children. I appoint my said wife and (my eldest son, John, being in England) my two sons Thomas and William guardians of niv younger cliildreii, and executrix and executors of this my "will. D.ite.l llii> filtli day of July, 1«29, Thomas Swanwick. [i.. s.] Signed in the prc.-enee of Lewis Minipisox, [i,. s.] .Iames McMvrdo. [i,. s.] Thomas Swanwick died on the 26th day of July, 1829. The will was filed in the iiroUate court, by Thomas and William Swanwick, on the 12ih day of August, 1»29, and proven the same day by .lames McMurdo, and by Lewis Morrison on the 10th day of September, the same year. The executrix and executors named in ihc will gave bond in tiie sura of S4,OltO, and certificate of probate and letters testa- mentary were granted on the 17tli of October, 1829. EIKST I'KOIiATE COIUT. The first olheial act of this court was the apprenticing of a minor, and the order entered was as follows: At a term of the Probate Court of Perry County Illinois, begun and held at the house of Humphrey B. Jones, in and for said County on Monday the 1 llh liay of February, 1828. Present: Humphrey B Jones, Judge. It being represent- ed to the court by Charles C. Glover, that Alexander Head, infiint son of , has no parent or guardian in this State : Whereupon the said Alexander Head came into court and voluntarily and with the approbation and consent of this court, bound himself to the said Charles C. Cilover, until the said Alexander shall attain to the age of twenty-one years, which will be on or ah nit the Uth day of March A. D. \>^'6l. h! B. Jones, Judge. 168 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. The apprentice soon complained to the court on account of not being furnished with suitable raiment, and asked to be released. The court gave the complaint immediate and careful attention, and found the charge to be well founded, and compelled the master to furnish suitable clothing, but refused to release the apprentice. The first letters of guardianship were granted to David H. Mead on the thirteenth of April, 1830, as guardian of David, Mahala, and Elizabeth McGowan, and their sister Malinda Gotcher. On the first day of Februa'y 1831, the first letters of ad- ministration were grant'^d to Martha Malone, widow, and Staples Malone, on the estate of Lewis Malone deceased. A bond fir two hundred dollars, dated January 21st, 1831, with William Neal and John Beard as sureties, was filed. On the second of the following March, Staples Malone filed an inventory of the estate, and James Ford, John Hansford and Solomon Thompson were appointed appraisers. The second letters of administration were granted to John R. Hutchings and the widow, Elizabeth Berry, on the estate of John F. Berry, deceased. At a special term of the Probate Court, on the twenty first of March, 1831. The admfhistra- tors gave bond in the sum of nine hundred dollars, with Amos Anderson, David Baldridge, and James Hoggins, se- curities. Abner Keith, Matthew Jones, and Reuben Kelly were appointed appraisers. At a special term of the court, held at the house of the judge, September 24th, 1831, an in ventory was filed showing the condition of the estate to be as follows : Amount of sale li-t on file S-W.M Debts due the intestate ii33,.8 Total assets $807 27 Total amounts of claims allowed .269.ai!^ Leaving a bal.ance in favor of the estate of Jo37.8sJ^ Of this balance 1447,57 J was in notes which were filed witw the judge. At the second election of Justices and Constables, there seems to have been some trouble at the polls of the Eastern District, and the following PETITION FOR REUKESS was filed in the commissioners court on the second day of June, 1828. " To the Honorable County Commissioner's Court ] ^^, of Perry county, Illinois. ) Whereas the county commissioner's court of Perry county hath established the house of William Pyle, sr., the perma- nent place of holding elections for justices of the peace and constables in the eastern district of the county and state aforesaid and the said William Pyle and his sons having disturbed the public peace at several elections held at the said house of William Pyle by threatening to fight and abuse some of the qualified voters who appeared ; in order to enjoy the Rights of liberty that is guaranteed to the free people of the United States and in order to promote the welfare of the people and protect the liberty of the voters at large therefore we your humble petitioners pray your honorable body to remove the present place of holding elections and order the elections to be held at some other place in the named district where people will not be imposed or molested when actually exercising their liberty and promoting the welfare of their country by making a free choice in electing their officers for which removal we your humble petitioners are ever bound to pray, etc. May 24th, 1828." (Signed.) Daniel Dry. Robert McElvain, Jiles Wells, William Dye, Lewis Wells, sr., EliasFord.B. F. Bender, John Leemasters, Lewis Wells, William Throop, sr., William Throop, jr., Caleb Throop, James West, Andrew Perkins, Micajah Phelps, Zachariah Clinton, John Campbell, Alexander Campbell, Joseph Terry Williams, Abraham Cokenower, David Rees, John Craneshaw and David Diel. The court refused the petition first, because the allega- tions set forth in the said petition are not sufficiently proven and secondly because the said petition was not signed by a majority of the qualified voters in the said eastern district. The first charge of official crookedness was a suit ordered to be brought against Dan. Dry, J. P., for failure to p^y over a certain fine collected of Lewis Wells, sr. William Pyle, sr., was appointed to prosecute said suit; and nine dollars was recovered. Considering that the fore- going patriotic petition was headed by Daniel Dry, and that there had been a change in the commissioner's court, a new Board being now in power, the idea of a feud is suggested by this action. revenue collected — 1829. The first report upon record concerning collection of county revenue is for the year 182!t. The amount collected and paid over to the treasurer by William C. Murphy, high sheriff in and for this county is as follows : In county orders 8G5.1'2V, In specie 1.25 In re-1 -sited state paper . . 62. wi _ after deducting the legal per centum. FIRST GENERAL ELECTION. On the second day of June, 1828, the county commis- sioners ordered that the voters of that portion of the county which had been formed from Jackson county should vote at the house of John Flack, and appointed William Brown, Charles Green and Lewis Wells, jr., as judges of the general election to be held on the fourth day of August, 1828 ; and that those voters in the territory formerly belonging to Ran- dolph county, should vote at the place selected and laid out for the county seat, and appointed as judges, Robert B. Murphy, George Franklin and Van S. Teague. For member of Congress, Joseph Duncan received eighty-one, and Geo. Forquer, twelve votes For State Senator, in the Randolph district that portion which had been taken from Randolph county in the organization of Perry county, Samuel Craw- ford received thirty five votes, and Isaiah T. Belts six votes. For Representative to the General Assembly, John Lacey received thirty-one votes ; Hypolite Menard, thirty-six, and Thomas Mather, sixteen. For the county offices, William C Murphy received sixty-six ; and Giles Wells, twenty-one votes for sheriff. For coroner, Amos Anderson received fifty-three votes and Ambrose A. Ford, six votes. The county commissioner's office seems to have been the favorite official position in those days, as there were no less than HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 10!) seven candidates, and but three to elect. For this office, William H. Threlkel had seveuty four votes ; Wm. Johnson, fixty-live ; John Pyle, jr., sixty; Charles C. Glover, nine; Wm. T. Garner, twenty-eight ; Wm. Adair, five ; and Wm. Pyle, two. THE FIRST BRIDGE Built by the county authorities seems to have been built in 1830orl8.Sl across Big Beaucoup creek just east of Pinck- neyville. The bridge was to be sixteen feet wide, and some of the timbers were 12x15 inches ; and the flooring of plank or puncheons so laid on as to make it safe and convenient for carriages and passengers to pass and repass with convenience and safety. The bridge was to be built by contract, the contractor to give bonds and insure the bridge for five years. Joseph Wells built the bridge. In 1S31 licenses to sell goods were granted bv the com- missioners' court, for a fee of five dollars, to Daniel Dry, David Baldiidge and Limrick & Demming. lOPY OF ROAD PETITION. The following was filed in the county clerk's office, De- cember 4th, 1837 : " To the. Honorable County Commis-iioners' Court of Perry County, (ireeting : Whereas there is a reputed public road through our ntigh- borhood, the course of which is such that it crosses indivi- dual lands for three or four miles on a stretch, and wanders through the prairie nobody knows where, and finally dies before it gets to little Muddy ; the public utility of this road answers no other purpose but to mar the peace of the settle- ment ; it affords no relief to travellers in its present course and length. Therefore, we, the undersigned petitioners, sin- cerely solicit your honorable body to disannul the former review and grant us a new one, running with the old one from Beaucoup to Mr. Lane's mill, thence through Elijah Wells' land between the house and shop, thence, to a half mile corner ea.'t, thtnce cast to Kobert McElvain's north- east corner in the prairie, thence through the prairie on the best ground to intersect the post road to Frankfort. On a road by these points travellers can pass and repass in peace and have intercourse with public roads to the east and to the west. The cause of our petition is great, the remedy so natural and easy to be applied, and when it is completed the traveller will be benefited and the neighborhood will be blest; therefore, we, your humble petitioners, confidently trust that your hon- orable body will apply the proper remedy, and for this vour petitioners will ever i>ray. Bennet Lane, E'ijah Wells, Robert McElvain, Thomas Keeling, Abner Pyle, sr., Lihew Onstott, William Wooten, Joseph Taylor, Elijah Lane, John King, Richard Williams, Joseph H. McElvain, Avery Chapman, Samuel Md^Hvain, John H. Creekpaum, D. H Mead, Abner Pyle, jr., Hiram Root, George W. Gill, Paris A. Hickman, John D. Burklow, Lewis Wells, J. G. Clark, Roann Bowlin, George Lishnian, John Pyle, Andrew Rw, William O^burn, Van M. Teague, Jeremiah Collins, Josiah Wells, Lewis Wells, jr., L. Berrv 22 Ford, Elias Ford, John House, S. M. Woodside, D. Bald- ridge, Thomas Armstrong, M. Bald ridge." At the same time that the order for the sale of the lots was made, the following order was passed regarding the building of a court house on the corner west of the Public Square now occupied by the old saddlery shop. THE FIRST COURT HOUSE. " Ordered, That at the same time when and the place where the lots in the said county seat are offered for sale, there shall be by the aforesaid commissions let to the lowest bidder the building of the court house on lot numbered 32 in said town, which house is to be built of the following descrip- tion and dimensions, to wit : The said house to be built of hewn log', which are to face from ten to twelve inches in the middle; and to be eighteen by twenty-two feet in length. The lower floor in said court house to be laid with good puncheons with good hewn joists, but no floor above; to be covered with clapboards; with a door furnished with a shutter and good knob or stock lock in the east end, and a window of twelve lights, ten inches by twelve, in the west end. Also a platform sufficiently elevated for a seat for the judge, with steps leading thereto, and like- wise a suitable but plain bar and table. The said judge's seat and bar to be placed in the said west end of the said court house. A good and sufficient bench or seat shall be placed by the side of said bar extending the whole length thereof, the whole to be executed, completed and finished ina good and workmanlike manner, and to be finished and ready for delivery to the county commis.-ioiiers of this county, or their agent, specially appointed for that jjurpose, on or before the first day of August next. The contractor will be required to give bond with good and sufficient security, to be approved by the said commissioners, in the penal sum of two hundred dollars, conveutioned for the compliance with this order, which bond shall be made payable to the county commis- sioners of this county and their successors in office, for the use of said county, and shall be left and deposited with the clerk of this court and by him carelully filed with the papers of said clerk's office." The contract was awarded to Berry Anderson for the sura of fifty-four dollars, and a bond, with Amos Anderson, Joseph Wells and Humphrey B. Jones, as sureties, was accepted and filed at the March terra of the county court. At the September term, 1828, the building was received and the contract price paid. An order made at the June term, 182S, declaring Pinck- neyville the seat of justice, and requiring all process issued by the clerks of the cou:ity and circuit courts to be made returnable thither, was at the September term rescinded. The first term of the county commissioners' court, held ip the new court house in Pinckneyville, began on the second day of March. 182il, with William Johnson, John Pyle, Jr., and William H. Threlkel, commissioners ; and the first term of the circuit court held at the same place, commenced on the tenth day of April, 1829, Theophilus W. Smith, presid- ing as judge. In 1829, the court house was weather-boarded with four foot boards, neatly shaved, and a large stray pen was also erected on the same lot with the court house The 17rt HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. pen WHS lliiity-six feet square and six feet high. The work was done by Fergus M. Milligan, contractor, and the price of both jobs, S22G21. REMONSTRANCE AGAINST BUILDING SECOND COURT HOUSE. Be it known to the people of Illinois and the county of Perry, that the county commissioners' court of said county, have agreed to build a brick court house, forty-three feet square and tweuty-four feet high with a square or hiped roof, and a brick floor with two doors and twenty-four windows, and two chimneys with two fire-places each. We the undersigned, knowing the annual income of our county to be insufficient to perform such mighty work, without essential and everlasting injury, do hereby protest against said proceedings, and pray said court to recall said order until we are better able or approved of by a majority of said county, given under o..r hands, this third day of February, 1 836. Names of signers: Frederick Williams, Lewis Wells, Paris A. Hickman, JNIichael J. Taylor, Jacob House, Thomas Wells, Obadiah West, Jonas Lype, Reuben Kelly, Jonathan McCollum, Hezekiah Balch, John King, John A. C'rotlbrd, John Lype, CViruelius Godwin, Samuel McElvain, John Pyle, Sr., Joseph Williams, John R. Teague, Leonard Lype, Van M. Teague, Jeremiah Walker, Van S. Teague, Jacob Lipe, William Throop, Siprian Davis, Guilford H. Haggard, Solomon Woolsey, Robert M. Galloway, Lewis AVells, Sr., Thomas Wells, J. H. McElvain, Elija Laine, Beunet Lain, Elisha L. Lane, Abner Pyle, Sr., Simpson Williams, W. Williams, Jordan Harris, Johnzy Orten, John Harris, Thomas Morris, Edgar M. Thompson, Abra- ham Morgan, Isaac Lee, Laban G. Jones, Abraham Lee, Edmund Lafferty, Edniond Callaway, Hiram Lafferty, Samuel T. Etherton, David Dial, Richard WilliaTiis, Wil- liam Dyal. SECOND COURT HOUSE. The second building erected for a Court House was a brick structure of two stories, situated about the centre of the jjresent public square. It was forty-three feet square, with a door in the North, South and West sides of the lower story, two or three chim. neys, and open fire places above and below. The lower floor was of brick set on edge. Five windows of twenty-four lights each were placed in each of three sides of the upper room, and two in the other side corresponding to the num- ber of doors and windows below. The building was erected by Amos Anderson and com- pleted in the fall of 1837, nearly two years after the enter- prise was undertaken. One thousand seven hundred and sixty five dollars was the cost, and (owing doubtless to the stringency of money matters) the contractor was paid large- ly in notfs taken by the County commissioners, for sale of lots in Pinckneyville. The present Bank building of Mur- phy, Wall & Co at Pinckneyville, was subsequently built of the brick of this Court House. In 1838 the court house was finished by Thomas L. Ross, carpenter and Andrew Hays plasterer, at an additional cost of eight hundred and forty dollars, and eighty seven and one half cents. OFFICl.\L BLUNDERING. In September, 1810, an order was made by the county court authorizing the sheritt'to employ some mechanic to re- pair the doors and windows of the court house, so as to cause them to shut and bolt, so that they cannot be opened from williont. On another occasion an order was made for the letting of a bridge contract " to the highest bidder." In 1S41 the appointment of assessor was given to the per- son ofiering to do the work in the shortest time. John Gil- liam took the ofiice, agreeing to do the work in twenty-six days, that is for the amount of twenty six days' wages. THE THIRD COURT-HOUSE. At the March Terra, 1849, of the County Commissioners' Court, Joel Rushing, Reuben Dye, and Isaac A Bradley, being the commissioners, William Edwards presented a pe- tition signed by five hundred and twenty voters, praying that a suitable court house be bui t. In compliance with the request of the petitioners, the court, on the seventh day of March, 1849, appointed Humphrey B. Jones, Chester A. Keyes and Charles L. Starbuck commissioners to procure plans and report the same at a special term, to be held the following April. At the same time the clerk of the commis- sioners' court was instructed to give notice for letting the contract for building the walls. The notice was to be pub- lished in the Sparta Re'jidcr, Chester Reveille, and Bellerille Advocate. The inside frame-work, roof windows and doors were to constitute a separate contract, of which notice was to be given at the same time. On the ninth of April the court met in special session, received the report of the commit- tee, and, after making certain «mendments thereto, adopted the same. The new building was to be erected upon the public square, west of the old courthouse. The dimen- sions were to be forty-six by thirty six feet. The founda- tion was to be of limestone two and one-half feet thick below the surface, and twenty inches in thickness above. It was to extend two feet and eight inches above the surface, and that portion to be bush-hammered, range stone-work, with water- tables. The remaining portion of the walls were to be brick, sixteen inches thick for the first ttory, and thirteen inches for the second, and twenty-five in height. The brick masonry was to be of the Tuscan order, as was also the cor- nice. The partitions in the first story were to be brick, and ten feet high. The vvall was to have two coats of light- colored drab paint. The plastering to consist of two coats and white finish. The windows were to be supplied with twelve light sash, the glass to be twelve by sixteen inches, and also to have Venitian shutters. The terms of the contract required the completion of the building on or before the first day of September, 1851. Bonds of one thousand dollars each, bear. ng six per cent, in- terest, were to be issued to the contractor, reserving thirty per cent UQtil the building was received. The contract was let to Daniel W.Norris, of St. Clair county, for seven thou- sand five hundred dollars, on the lOth day of April, 1849: The contractor filed his bond for twelve thousand dollars, with Christian Raysing, Isaac Griffin and John Reynolds as sureties, on June 5th, 1849. Ihe next day the ground was HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MOXROE AXD PERRY COUXTIES, ILLIXOIS. 171 staked off by the court, and the buildiug ordered to stand with the canliiial points of (he compass. Work commenced at once, and on the fifth day of Decembfr, 1849, the first bond for one thou^a^d (iollars was issued to the contractor, and the clerk was further ordered to issue five hundred dolhirs in six per cent, interest-bearing county orders of such denomi- nation as the builder should desire. A new countv court, consisting of a county judge, Hosea H. Strait, and two asso- ciates, Edward A Whipple and Robert H. Williams, hav- ing been elected under the new constitution, held a meeting on the 9th day of July, l'S.50. At this meeting Hosea H. Strait was appointed to go to Mt. Vernon and select a com- petent workman to inspect the building in course of con- struction. Edward H. Whipple was sent to Chester, and Robert H. Williams to Washington county on a similar erraud. The workmen were procured, and, after an examina- tion, made the following report to the court, July 1(5, 1850 : Pinckneyville, July IGth, 18-50. We, the committee appointed by the honorable county court of Perry county to examine the rock and brick work of the court house now being erected in the town of Pinck- neyville, would beg leave to respectfully report, that they have diligently examined the workmanship of the same, also the materials, and believe the materials to be of a good and suitable quality, and the workmanship neatly and well exe- cuted, and in all respects complying with the contract be- tween Daniel W. Norris and the couuty of Perry, with the exception of one rock in the second course of cut stone to the right hand of the south front door, which we would recommend the contractor to remove and replace with a harder one. JiDsoN Clement. H. D. HiNM.^s. Matthew Forre.st. These building experts were allowed for their services the following amounts : Jud.son Clement, twvlve dollars; H. D. Hinman, nine dollars; and Matthew Forrest live dollars. On the strength of this report, Mr Norris was allowed one bond of one thousand dollars, and two of five hundred dol- lars each ; and an additional allowance of ten dollars for extra work in cutting a scuttle-hole in the roof. The build- ing was completed and received by the county court on the third day of December, 1850, and the balance paid in four bonds of one thousand dollars each. THE PRESENT COURT HOVSK. The rapid increase in the population of the county, and the increase of litigation, made more commodious quarters necessary. Much uneasiness was also felt for the security of the many valuable records which were under no protec- tion from fire, and but slight from the incursions of evily- disposed persons. Many valuable court papers mysteriously disappeared, and cases coming on for trial were continued on account of missing papers. To afford the requisite ac- commodations, supply a safer receptacle for the records and to prevent the tampering with valuable records, the county commissioners, John Baird, chairman, John Schneider and John W. Pyatt, at their meeting, October 9th, 1877, passed the following order : " Ordered, That there be submitted to the legal voters of this county, to be voted on at the ensu- ing November election, a proposition for the erection of an addition to the county court house, and to levy a tax there- fore in the j'ears 187 ■< and 1879, not exceeding five thousand dollars in each of said years. Such addition is to be of brick, two stories high, with fire-proof protection to the pub- lic records. The necessary funds to meet the expen.5es of such building to be borrowed in one or more loans, to be redeemed when said taxes shall be collected : The vote upon said proposition shall be " For taxation for addition to court house;" and, "Against taxation for addition to court house.'' And, if authorized, the board shall let a contract without delay, and shall have said work completed during next summer. The proposition met with defeat at the polls, there being seven hundred and ninety-four votes for the pro- position, and nine hundred and sixty-one against it. In April, 1878, the people seeing the folly of their actions at the polls, sent numerous petitions to the county board, ask- ing for what they had just denied by their votes. By the ninth day of April, 1878, no less than one thousand and eighty-five names were presented to the commissioners asking that the proposed improvement be made. On the same da}-, the county commissioners ordered that John Chapman, of Du Quoin, be employed to prepare a plan and the specifica. tions for the improvement. The plans and specifications were presented to the county commissioners on the seven- teenth of the following May and adopted. The county clerk was ordered .May 3, 1S7S, to give notice in the Du Quoin Tribune and Pinckneyville Independent, that bids would be received up to noon on June 3d, 1878, when the contract would be let to the lowest bidder. On the 5th day of June, 187S, the contract was let to William G. Wilson, of Pinck- neyville for the sum of nine thousand seven huiidred and forty two dollars. He gave bond in the sum of nine- teen thousand four hundred and eighty-four dollars, with J. L. Murphy, Charles Gueraalley, Henry Dricineyer, Charles A. Hoflman, Jacob M. Kunz, Fred Behreuds, Joseph Bischof, Fred Mueller, William Klotz, A. K. Kalbfleisch, William H. Smith, Evan B. Rushing, R. N. Davis, Philip Gruner, G. R. Hincke and Joel M. Sul" Jivan as security. The building was to be completed by the twenty-fifth day of October, 1878. The bond was approved July 9, and an order matle to advance the contractor two thousand dollars. The house of Lewis Vung was rented for the use of the county officials, while the work of remodelling was in jirogress. On the twelfth of October of the same year, two thousand dollars was paid on the con- tract with a further order to pay two thousand more when the roof was completed. Work was at once commenced, the walls of the old building razed to the top of the windows of the first story, and the whole interior removed. A wing was added to the east side of the old building and carried up two stories high. The wing is forty-five feet fronting south by a depth of thirty-six feet, making the building present a front of eighty-one feet. The building is a handsome brick with stone facings window-sills and caps. It is well ven- tilated and lighted by large windows, which are furnished 172 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. with blinds ujjon the inside. Two halls run through the building from north to south. On the first story of the old building are four handsome and commodious offices. On the same floor in the wing are the offices of the county and the circuit clerk, both supplied with large fire-proof vaults, with burglar-proof combination locks upon the doors. The vaults f re conveniently fitttd with racks for the records and pigeon holes in which to file the numerous papers. The second floor of the main building contains the court room, with hand. Charles Gaemalley, and Elihu Onstott, the board ofCounty commissioners at the time, entered an order, on the twelfth day of October 1874, for a vote to be taken at the ensuing November election, on the proposition to build an almshouse by levying a tax, in the years 1875 and 1870, not to exceed twenty five hundred dollars each year. The vote was taken and the propos-ition receiving six hundred and fifty-five votes for, and there being but five hundred and sixty-two vote^ against it, a plan was prepareil by John Chapman of Du Quoin, and adopt' d on the seventeenth day i.f March, 1875. At the same time bids were ordered to be received up to noon of April 8th. At the last named date, the pro- posals ten in number were opened, and the contract for the erection of the building given to D. P. Delano and John M Bayless for the sum of four thousand three hundred and thirty seven dollars and fifty-four cents. The payments for the work were one thousand dollars on the fifteenth of May, 1875 ; i ne thousand dollars when the brick work was completed, and the balance when the building was com- pleted, and received by the county commissioners. On the 13th of April, 1875 the contractors filed a bond for five thou- sand dollars, dated April 9th, 1875, with II. R. Pomeroy, B. F. Pope, Sr., and P. N. Pope as sureties The bond was ap- proved the same day. To provide for the payments, it was ordered that the following sums be borrowed from the fol- lowing named persons, at the several ditferent times, and that the county clerk, W. S. D. Smith, issue nine per cent, interest bearing county orders, receive and pay out the mon- ey. The loans effected were as follows : Murphy, WaU 4 Co., .Maj- 1, )S75 $i(Xi.O0 - •• July IS, 1875 600,00 '• ■' Oct. 15, 1875 1,000,00 G. R. Hincke t Bro., July 15, 1875 500/10 " " " Oct. 15, 1875 1337.»t Total amount borrowed $3837.54 Interest-bearing county orders, payable annually, were issued in compliance with the order. John Bairdaud Chas. Gaemalley were appointed superintendents of construction by the commissioners. The work was rapidly pushed for- ward, and the first payment was male May 1st, 1875, one thousand dollars ; the second, one thousand dollars, July 15th, and the final payment of twenty-three hundred and thirtys even dollars and fifty four cents, together with eighty- seven dollars and fifty cents for extra work was made Oct. 15th of the same year. The building was received by the commissioners on the ninth day of December, 1875. The building is a handsome two-story brick, with cellar under the kitchen. The main building ii thirty by fifty feet. On the first floor there are six large rooms, with ten foot ceiling. Also a large hall thirty-nine by ten feet. On the second floor are two halls, thirty-nine by four feet, and sixteen by ten, and eight large bedrooms, with a ceiling nine feet, six inches. There is also a wing, twenty by thirty-six feet, with dining-room, kitchen and store-room, on the first floor ; and a porch six fiet wide along the wing. On the second floor there is a hall extending the full length of the building and six feet wide, and three chambers. The rooms are well lighted and ventilated by large win- dows. The building is a credit to the county, and a blessing to those, who have to seek shelter beneath its roof It is doubtful whether there is a county in the whole state, that takes more care of its indigeut poor than Perry. The aver- age number of inmates has been thirteen, annua'ly. The county commissioners appoint a superintendent, annually, and the following named gentlemen have held the position : John M. Bavless, a|)pointed, January 1st, 1876 ; Alexander A. Kimzey, January 1st, 1877 ; and William E. Gladson, January 1st, 1878, and has held the position to the present time. The phvsicians in charge since its commencement, have been Dr William L. McCandless for the year 1877 ; Dr. R. S. Peyton, for 1878; and Dr. William L. McCand- less since that time. There were twenty inmates, according to the state report of 1880, twelve of whom were children We append the closing remarks of the state visiting agent for 1878. "This is one of the best kept Almshouse? in southern Illinois ; the county sujiplies everything required and pays the keeper three hundred and fifty dollars a year." THE CIKCUIT COURT. The first fine assessed in this court was one of fifty cents taxed against Joel Crain and Afton Crawford for an affray for which they had been indicted. They were each fined at the April term, 1829, and John Pyle, jr., was fined twelve and one-half cents, on an indictment for an assault. At the April term, 1>(30, Joseph Brayshaw was admitted as a naturalized citizen, the first citizen admitted in Perry county. At the succeeding October term six persons of color, Soudon Parkes, Agga, Jeremiah, James, John and Simeon presented proofs of having served out their time, as slaves, and were granted certificates of Freedom. At the Sept 'mber term 1832 Leonard Lipe and Lewis Wells, and at the May term 1833 Benjamin Johnson were certified as having been soldiers of the Revolutionary war and entitled to pension accordingly. The first sentence of imprisonment pronounced was at the October term 1834 imposed upon Augustine Davis who upon 174 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. a charge of Larc ny was ordered coufined in the county jail for thirty davs. Not until four years after, at the July special terra of 1838, was confinement in the State Peniten- tiary adjudged necessary the county then having been in existence eleven years. At that term J. Bennet for stealing a horse was ordered to be sent to Alton, and to be confined at hard labor fourtten and one-half months, and in solitary confinement for two weeks. The first Divorce obseived upon record was granted at the May term of 1839 upon the petition of Eliza Lakin against Adam Lakin. THE FIRST MURDER TRIiL. The first person tried in this county upon the charge of murdf r, was one William Corberly. The cause was brought on change of venue from St. Clair county, where the indict- ment had been found. The first order regarding this cause, appears on the record of April 30th, 184'2, when James Shields, the prisoner's attorney, appeared before judge Walter B. Scates, and made a moion that the cause be s'ricken from the docket for want of j"risdiction. The motion was sustained and an order in accordance therewith entered. His at'orney appears in court again with a peti- tion for a writ of habeas corpus, and upon a hearing on May 3d of the same year, the prisoner was ordered to be delivered to the sheriff of Sr. Clair county. The cause came up for trial in this court, on the fifteenth day of October, 1842. W-illis Allen was the attorney for the people, and John Dougherty appeared in defence of the jirisoner. A jury composed of James Huggins, John Hug- gins, Euclid Logan, Peter W. Robinson, John Ayers, John M Campbell, John King, Daniel Gunn, Samuel S. W^ilson, William Linton, William Hutchings and Samuel Brown, was secured. The same day the prisoner entered a plea i>f "not guilty," the trial completed and the verdict of the jury rendered, finding the prisoner guilty and fixing his jiunishment at two months and three weeks in the peniten- tiary, with two weeks in solitary confinement. At the October term, 1856, a meeting of the members of the bar was held, Ben. Bond of Clinton county, chairman, and Wm. Stokes, secretary, at which Wm. H. Underwood, B. M. Cox, P. E. Hosraer, R. S Bond and A. J. Dickinson were appointed a committee to present resolutions commem- orative of the death of H. B. Jones, a member of the bar, who had died. Of the murder trials, which have been had in this county, the death penalty was never adjudged by the jury, until November 8th, 1873. At the November term of the circuit court, John Feefee and George Williams, negroes, were put upon trial for the murder of a farmer named Mattison. They had been stealing his hogs, and were being followed by Mattison, when they riddled his body with btillets, and left him lying dead in the field. The cause came up for trial before judge Amos Watts, on the first day of November, and issue joined and pha of " not guilty," entered. D. W. Fountain appeared, alone, for the people, while the prisoners were defended by Gen. Jones, E. H. Lemen, Lewis Hammack and M. C. Edwards. The following jury was obtained after several days' effort : Samuel J. Brown, William G. Brown, Julius Schlegel, Jesse Green, James M. Whtatley, James Smith. Absalom Adkins, Jonathan M. Rice, Daniel Benson, James Horner, Isaac Lipe and Ephraim Pyle. On the morning of the 8th of November, the jury rendered a verdict of guilty, and fixed the punish- ment at death by hanging. The criminals were sentenced to be hanged on the 28 h of November, 1873. The scafl'old was built and every preparation made by sheriff, Leonard T. Ross, to carry into effect the sentence, when governor Beveridge commuted the sentence to imprisonment for life. TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF VAUGHN. The history of this crime is best told in the language of the Globe-Democrat, of June 17th, 18?2 : "James Vaughn was a tall, good-looking fellow. He worked in the coal mines the bfst part of his life, and so was not tanned and browned like the general run of country laborers. He wore quite a swell mustache, parted his hair neatly, and when dressed for the grave in a suit of broadcloth he looked like anything but a murderer. In June, 1881, there was a meeting of Democrats held in the town of Tamaroa, III., nine miles northeast of Pinckneyville. It was here that Vaughn lived at this time, together with his father and mother and their children. Ben Vaughn was the favorite brother of James, and Ben liked fun as well as any man. Ben, although a Republican, went to the Democratic meet- ing, and when one of the speakers was soaring to the top cloud, Ben spoiled the effect by shouting ' Hurrah for Gar- field. This breach of the peace riled William Watts, the city marshal of Tamaroa. He pulled his revolver and pointing it at Ben he frightened the latter so that he took to his heels, with Watts after him, still holding the revolver and flourishing it as though he intended killing the fugitive. The latter ran clear to his father's home and entered the house just as Watts was catching up with him. James Vaughn heard of the escapade of his brother and of the chase, and the more he thought of it the madder he got. ' If Watts ever tries to arrest or fool with me as he did with Ben,' said Vaughn, ' I'll kill him just as sure as there's a God in Heaven.' On August 4th, just two months after the occurrence noted, James Vaughn, filled up with whiskey, took a walk about the public streets of Tamaroa. He talked loudly, said he did not care much for anybody, and less for Watts, and as he talked the latter appeared and told him he was disturbing the peace, and that he would arrest him if he did not shut up Vaughn turned his nose up at the marshal and told him he could not arrest him unless he was armed with a warrant. This statement appears to have irritated Watts, for he seized hold of his man and said he would have to come along. Vaughn jerked away from Watts, and this made the latter very angry. He raised his cane, and struck Vaughn over the head with it. Vaughn seized the cane and raised his right hand, which contained a pocket-knife with the big blade open. Vaughn aimed for a vital spot, and his aim was true, the knife severing the subclavian artery. AVatts fell to the ground, saying, ' I'm a dead man,' but before giving up life, and while in the very throes of death, he drew his revolver and aimed at Vaughn, who, noticing the marshal's HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 175 move, beat a hasty retreat. The dying man aimed at the fugitive, but the cartridge failed to explode. A stcoud time he fired. This time the weapon responded, and a bullet pierced Vaughn's left log, inflicting a slight flesl, wound. The next moment Watts toppled over and wag dead. Vaughn was seized by bystanders, and before them he said : ' Oh, I'm a man of my word. I told you I'd kil' that man if he ever tried to arrest me, and I've kept my word.' " An indictnmit for murder soon followed his arrest, and on the first day of May, 1882, James Vaughn was arraigned before judge George W. Wall, on a charge of murder. He entered a plea of '' not guilty." Mcirtiraer C. Edwards, the county attorney, a.ssisted by R. W. S. Wheatley, Esq.^ conducted the prosecution, and Messrs. R. M. Davis and E. H. Lemen, the defense. The first two days were spent in obtaining a jury, which was as follows: John W. Rush- ing, P. S. Wilks, George Kraft, Charles Seifert, William Stewart, W. H. Sterling, Christian Schwartz, Jacob Thomas, Chesterfield Harold, Hugh Devinney, James Knox and R. p. Burbank. The cause wa.s given to the jury on the evening of May 3d, and at fifteen minutes past twelve the next morning, they rendered their verdict of guilty and affixed the death penalty. The usual motitms were made in the case, but all were overruled, and on the 13th day of May, judge Wall passed the sentence of death, selecting the Itith day of June, 18.S2, as the date for the execution, the first and only one in the county. The case was then taken to the Supreme Court, who affirmed the decision of the jury in the lower court. Sheritf, Thomas Penwarden, had named 12.15 r. m., as the hour for the execution, and at that time twenly-fivo persons were admitted to the body of the jail. This included the sherift's guard, the spiritual adviser of the condemned and the reporters. The scafi'old was in one corner of the jail. To reach it the tops of the cells had to be scaled, and reaching this point was made easy by a temporary wooden stairway. The little crowd gathered on the top of the cells and awaited the coming of the condemned. At 12.20 Vaughn was taken out of his cell and led to the scaffold by the sheriff. The minister walked by his side and stood by him upon the trap. After prayer the death warrant was read, and then the sheriff asked Vaughn if he had anything to say. He answered. " I have got nothing at all to say," whereupon the clergyman said that Vaughn had asked hira to speak for him. He said that Vaughn was very sorry that he had killed Watts, but confident and hopeful that Christ would pardon him for all the sins committed in this life. He repented for the crime, and had faith that God had a pardon waiting for him in Heaven. After this last statement the sheriff put on the black cap and adjusted the rope. Then the minister and the sheriff stepped off' the trap, shaking hands at the same time with Vaughn and bidding him good-by. Deputy sheriff Lemen raised the axe and severed the rope that held the trap up. The door fell with a crash and N^aughn was sent flying into the unknown world. There was a twitch of the ropes and then all was over. The fall was nearly six feet and had broken his neck. Thirty five minutes after the drop life was pronounced extinct by the attending physicians. Vaughn was a Ten- nesseean by birth, hailing from McNair county, that state. He was thirty three years of age at the time of his death. STATISTICS. The Krowtli of tlie c.mnty in giung ihe ab!.essi appended, viz; tli Assessment of Perry County In 1N60. uIIm at (iirtVrent periodti IWll) iviid \W>. > way be so elearly We select tvvu, «1 by Number. Hnrses 4,250 Neat Cattle \\,3V> Mnle.s and Asses ^1 Sheep 0,271 Hogs 10,1>07 rmge I'l.H-U hi U, id Wag Value. tn",K)(» C.273 UI,M1 38,iK0 ;i:i5 67,075 i;is>b 4'J,K2U 4,«!IU 78,fiU Total value of taxable personal property $576,141 Lands $1,014,840 Town Lots lti!),917 Total value of lands and town lots $1,184,763 on Sirei. Total value of real and personal property $1,760,914 T\XK Slate Tax, 47 re- state S.-hool T;i State Tax on I' State Tax and 1 County Tax, 4(1 ' inty Ta riner years.. $^,270 29 3,521 83 39 53 128 02 7,041 65 107 55 Speei..l County Tux 0,7.">5 32 Total Tax levied $25,932 19 Acres in cultivation— Wheat, 10,290; Corn, 17,157; Other field products, 2,4t9. Assessment of Real Estate, Personal Propei*ty, and Principal Articles of Perry County, Illinois, for the year 1883. Steam Improved Unimproved Total Improved Unimprvd Total Lots. Horses. Cattle. Mule and Asses. Sheep. Hogs. Engines incTdng Acres Value. Acres Value. Acres Value. Lts. Value. Lts. Val. Lts. Value. No. Value N.vl Val, No. Val. No. Val. No. Val. 2 Val. Town 4, range 1.. 9933 81008.10 8230 $17367 I81C3 $118217 147 $27045 300 $1645 447 $11690 310 - ■■ \- I : ';: - 104 $;)280 68 $68 275 $380 10 $1030 t. f,^ „ 1 17748 169(m 7737 161ffi 2,5485 18.52541 26 1295 45 124 71 1419 472 1 " 6, " 1.. 13624 15B4041 M05 11034! 2002a| 107438, 602 122.^58 2:12 7078 834 229436 ;149 I 4(145 244 355- 418 ,. 4_ .. ■/. 41.36 ;12265 12337 283112 1114731 60r,47 1.59 42 1245 " 5, " 2„ 9573 86:170 1032i 2'16!H1 IMwri; Iii7ii,'.1 242 •- 87 2686 10:t 10:1 685 10.15; 1 100 2.. S.. 3.. 10582 2472 7974 100311 17321 69490 9037 1.5022 12178 180l,i; 1" I'l ll'"'IT 274;i7 1, I'l I'T ,. . ..' 2244-J Ji'l... :rli..ij 221 289 107 .329 •• 4, " , , 1 47919 342 *!M 50:1 "■"52J!59 1 : 1 ( ( 87 2491 207 207 377 400 7 1155 " 0, '• 3 10.-34 965ia 11238 2lo.)ii 2n;.; U7i.,u 1 218 7_J.. Jl' -l.,l, 89 31.55 260 200 " 4, " 4 1040(: 97564 12:t42 2.398i 228(12 12l"i4G •?4| 2041 94 loot 12f 3051 252 mzv: :j8:i :-88Ul 74 22.50 291) 294 289 4.. 4.. 12200! 113952 87871 7;i043 10660 14178 21205 i292U 1:15157 294.32 22965 102475 288 910'' 8350 3U8 226 3019 2325 85 64 3 00 2285 i;u7 317 607' 316 345 3 " 0, " 24| 2835 87 431 111 3266 324 341 5088 450 Totals.... n7784!»11131.54ll32687 $257942 247471 $1371(196 1044' $203197 1098 W>2 :142l $224120 3244 $101555 4490 $43269 1052 83.3960 2t26 $28'29 $6460 il $71"& 176 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 1 t 1 1 2 1 O § i 1 1 1 C -a SI II il II x •a e . 3 '5 IJ = P 0. •6 so. .1 -c S -5 < > 1 2 ■p S".S >. ^ -S £m |i£ ii| 1 .a 1 a, E PQ », <3 ^ ^ CU S a S > ■< s > i! ] c ;2 > a. > > < > i > H ^ f, > ?; ? a ■3 > z; 1 6 > z t . > > > > > Z Town 4, R nge 1 4 20.) lUI) 180 ..... •■■••■ 1155 298G 172 357 110 788 10 490 21 11 415 255 . 11165 1563 1977 3262 2950 1946 525 775I 5215 4506 775 65 1 200 o\ 250 46537 4:)463 171 152 " 6. " 4. " 5, " 6, 1 2 2 : 1:::::: ^ 3 11 4 175 25 i 86 40 IM 389.t 973 2218 216 02 314 64 110 118 4", 853 74 167 157 48 233 32 57 60 21 131 2124 122 610 696 87 663 38 1 2 is 1635 "so 100 1200 i 1 i'l 305 '"70 ' 20 . 465 . 1 10 32800 12820 2555 700 14J0 3715 1071 2292 2470 548 2402 2119 180 5200 100 800O 5825 400 1315 10001 250[ 350 3050 "25 1238 2670 45 2833 50 6761 6828' 1 40 4V, 13205 31181 32844 8978 518.17 96 130 146 66 209 " 6, " 4. " 5, " 6, 44 ?H ■2 60 . 1727 Jliii>a 4 ' 4 ' 3 6(1 . 905 1568 800 1900' 11 Ti 1 11-' m 5« 301 1 5 . 125 95 2678 161 J8 2116 ...1 105 19IJH 99 255 75 3S7 1 37 6 155 . 3116 10 496 1962 940 18 8UU o! 275 177 26213 72813394 997 7267 71 3590 « 1810 1 10 61021 3265 3707 26732 ^ 31213 5056 3050 395 49263 1850 790 3565 427-lM 1686 — ■ AueMment of Real Estate, Personal Property, Principal Artitles of Perry County, lUluois, for the y. Personal Property. Sheep... Hogs. Steam Engines and Boilers F re or Biirrflar-Proof Safes Billiard, Pigeon-h"l>', Bagatelle t Carriages and Wagons Watches and Clocks Sewing and Knitting Machines.. Piano Portes Melodeons and Organs Franchises age Value. $11 24 9 63 32 28 1 04 1 27 124 70 44 45 30 65 15 75 1 90 7 20 .50 42 19 00 Total Assessed Value of Eaumer.ated Property... Amount of line 11 rated Property. Merchandise Material and Manufactured Ar Man'f Tools, It Agricultural 'In..!-, In,|.l..in. m- .^Uh Moneys of Hat.i 1 . - ■ .n.i I'.i • Monevs of nth t ' l. . 1 ' ' -i -. .t. Credits of otli.i. ili "1 r.ml.'iN ■Ir Bonds and Storks Properly of Corporations not befon Properly of Saloons and Ealing Ho • Fur ehold and Otfic Investment!* in R. E. and Improvements thereon .. Grain of all kinds All other personal property Total Assessed Value of Unenumerated Property $190,4 Total Assessed Value of Personal Property 429,0 8101,5.56 43,269 33,960 26,213 3,394 7,267 3,580 Real Estate— Lands Improved Lands 117,769 i 89 Unimproved Lands -• 128,982 1 2 Total Assessed Value of Lands $1,371,406 ber of » p Acres. .„„ Real Estate— Town and City Lots. Improved Town and City Lots 1,041 $187 12 $203,497 ] Unimproved Town and City Lots 1,090 16 00 17,443 Total Assessed Value of Town and City Lots $220,940 Aver- Assessed Railroad Property. I aee I yalue. Class C. Personal Property J $ 90 Class r>. Lands No. Acres 20 $20 00, 400 Class D. Lots No. of Lots G 31 66, 190 Total Val.je of Railroad Property Assessed in County $680 Total Value of all Taxable Property Assessed in County I $2,022,051 Agricultural Statistics of Perry County for tbe yeai- 1884. u -I, ..«.« 4, ' 2 2 6, ' -' , 6* ' 3 4 5 ' 4 6, ' Totals.. 12650 179.50 13085 6130 20470 20745 9440 30020 24180 11990 21216 13690 8371 201765 2610U 36180 39610 33511 842o: 31115| 32325 13874 33110 46965 64i00 69456 27330 428144 171 726] 6017 '.'.'.'.'.'. "(j's 106 "275 460 7950 14486 5618 1860 120110 14405 3775 7690 18705 16625 17221 13030 133514 654 73425 970] .3300'. 30001. 2190 . 7520.. 6250 7625 11900 6425 6 1530 16 130 so 44 431 5 4.55 In 68 28 330 69 604 39 3S3 3Z4 176 20 4875 220 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 177 Town 4, Range 1 2" =., 6 I :::;:: ::::::i I 'i"2 -I Sweet a„„K« S§>: Pas- Potatoes S«r8ho. j^ij ,^^g^ li |l 3SI 2414 l^'^O 2>»I lai lOull 2i»i 2U00 4U 1C1.1 4l>i> 13S4 17.-) 1*J0 3711 Tino :m uimi ai4 4:117 418 1414 im 371)7 M3i 394C0 IIIOOO llOfll 1£)15 IKKH) . 9193 . ll-Jl(i . lUilO . G.iSO 8«HMI . 87n)| 113{K) . 7*10;. ll'Jl8o' nil 22iil Caitle Died 1881. i a- 1- 17 17 949: SC8 ,.| 13»l 9| 6, 475 15J 4' 225 isiixm I 52ti 2C5-i5ol 21 ZH 711, 17o0| I 59' 314JO! ' lull eG9iiu g! 136 8'i; 34lu> 2 1 40 50 22490! I 24| 10i4.-. 14^0.) litsll 117lo 121 >0 l.i80 Pies ' f = S ; Bees and Bjl" ^f^^ Diednf £::!S2 Honey. Igc. «.•; ■'■? Cholera, I S^ls 1-=° £= La'<'- IdO 4J.>l. 4, b99 51 o20 5 60U 193 9ue 700 8 4368 60Ci 79 153 30, 80 20331 154 1590U| 30W; IbUOl 301931 192 7U>U 14 lluo 89 1175 ;>| UUb, County Subscription to Railroads. — Id pursuance of peti- tions numerously signed, the county court on the 24th day of Mav, 1869, ordered an election to be held at the several voting places in the county on the 3i] day of July, 1869, on the proposition to subscrilte stock to railroads, viz ; Belle- ville & Southern Illinois, .§150,000; Chester & Tamaroa Coal and Railroad Company, $100,000 ; Cairo & St. Louis Railroad; 850 000. The election was held and resulted in the casting of a sufficient number of votes (twelve hundred and thirty being required) to authorize the first proposition. Upon the election of a new court and a renewal of peti- tion, a vote was on the ISth of January, 1870, ordered to be held on the 19lh of February, to ascertain if a majioner reported that he had in money and notes 84377.74 and the expenses were 8126.30, leaving a balance of 84 251.44, which was ordered paid into the school fund and received by the School Com- 178 BIS TORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. niissioner. The lands were not all sold at that time, but frequent sales have since been made. An attempt was made to adopt a lownsbip organization at the November election, 1878, but met with defeat. The vote showed only three hundred and sixty-seven votes for, and eighteen hundred and fnty-four votes against it A list of the members of the General Assembly from Perry county since its organizatior, or the district in which the same is situated : SENATORS. Samuel Crawford, 1828-32; Conrad AVill, 1828-32; Thomas Mather, )832-3C; John D. Wood, 183!i-42^ John Crain, 1842-46; Elias 8. Dennis, 1846-48 ; Hawkin S. 0=burn, 1848-52; John E. Detrich, 1852-50; E. C. Coffey, 1856-60; Jarafs M. Kodgers,* 1860-62; William A J Sparks, 1862-64 ; David K. Green, 1864-68 ; John P Van Dorston, 1808-72; Jediah F. Alexander, 1870-72; William K. Murphy, 1872-76 ; Ambrose Hoencr, 1876-80' Louis Ihoru, 1880-84. P.EPRESENTATIVES. 1828- 30- Singleton H. Kitrmel, Thomas Mather, Hy polite Menard. 1830-32— J<,hn Atkins, Thomas J. V. Owens. 1832-34— David Bnldridge, Richard G. Murphy. 1834-36— Richard G. ISIurphy, John Thompson. 1836-42— Richard G. Murphy. 1842-44— John D. Burklow. 1844-46 -John Steele. 1846-48— Hawkins S. 0=burn. 1848-50— Zenas H. Vernor. 1850-52- Richard G. Murphy. 1852-54— William M. Phillips. 18.=)4-56— P. E Hosmer. 18.56-58— Hawkins S. Osburn. 1858-60— John D. Wood. 1860-62— Orson Kellogg. 1862-64— Stephen W. Miles, Edward Menard. 1864-66— William K. Murphy, Austin James. 1866-68— William K. Murphy, John Campbell. 1868-70— John M. McCutcheon, Thomas H. Burgess. 1870-72— William R. Gass 1872-74 — John W. Pyatt, William Neville, Austin James. 1874-76 — Joseph W. Rickert, Samuel McKee, Jonathan Chesnutwood. 1876-78— Theophilns T. Fountain, John Boyd, Septimus P. Mace. 1878-80— John T. McBride, John R. McFie, Philip C. C Provart. 1880-82— Austin James, Isaac M. Kelly, William K.. Murphy. MASTERS IN CHANCERY. Andrew J. Dickinson received the first appointment to this office in 1845 and served until 1847 ; Charles L. Star- buck, 1847 to 1851; Lewis Hammack, 1851 to 1855; An- • Jamea M. Rodgera died wl: lected to fill the va.-ancy. A. J. Spnrks drew J. Dickinson, 1855 to 1857; AVilliam H. McKee, 1857 to 1860; William K. Murphy, 1860 to 1869; Evan B. Rushing 1869 to 1873 ; Theophilus T. Fountain, 1873 to 1875, and Evan B. Rushing from 1875 to the present time. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. Flrd and Subsequent Boards of County Commissioners. — John R. Hutchings, Elijah Wells, David H. Mead, 1827 ; William H. Threlkel, William Johnson, John Pyle, Jr., 1828-29; William Johnson, Joseph Wells, Abner Keith, 1830 ; Elijah Wells, Joseph Wells, Abner Keith, 1831 ; Daniel Dry, Samuel Pyatt, Benjamin Hammack, 1832-3; Daniel Dry, Samuel Pyatt, William Edwards, 1834-5 ; William Edwards, Andrew Bourlaud, Samuel Pyatt, 1836; John Reid, Nathan G Curlee, Jacob Sliort, 1837; George W. Ho'chkiss, Enoch Eaton, Richard G. Davis, 1838; Enoch Eaton, Jonathan G. Clark, Richard G. Davis, 1840; Enoch Eaton, Jonathan G. Clark, Abner K. Pyle, 1^41 ; Enoch Eaton, Abner K. Pyle, Isaac H. Bradley, 1842-3; Henry F. Hampleraan, Enoch Eaton, Isaac Bradley, 1844- 5; Joel Rushing, Isaac A. Bradley, Henry F. Hampleman, I.SIO ; Reuben Dye, Joel Rushing, Isaac H. Bradley, 1847-8. In 1849, and after the adoption of the constitution, the county judges performed the duties heretofore performed by the county commissioners. Probate Justices of the Peace. — Humphrey B. Jones, 1828 to 1847; Levi Green, 1847; Humphrey B. Jones, 1849. County Judges. — Hosea H. Straight, Richard H. Wil- liams, Edward A. Whipple, Associates, 1849. Edward A. Whipple resigned, and Peter W. Wilks succeeded him in 1851. Laban G. Jones, Jonathan G. Clark, John Pyle, Associates, 1853; John Baird, William Craig, Samuel Y. McCluer, Associates, 1850; Henry S. Hampleman, William Craig, Ephraira T. Rees, Associates, 1801 ; William Elston, Ephraim T. Rees, James L. Primm, Associates, 1SG5 ; Charlts E. R. Winthrop, James L. Primm, James Ervin, 1869; William Elstun, 1873 to January 31st, 1881, when he resigned, and Sample G. Parks, the present incumbent, was appointed by Governoc Cullom. Under the constitution of 1870, a board of three county commissioners were given control over county affairs, one member being elected annually after the organization of the first board, the term of office being three years. Under this regime the following were elected County Commissioners. — Elihu Oustott, Charles Guemal- ley, John Baird,* 1873; John Baird,* Elihu Onstott, Charles Guemalley, 1874; John W Pyatt, John Baird,* Elihu Onstott, 1875 ; John Schneider, John W. Pyatt, John Baird,* 1876 to 1879 ; Lysias Heape, John W. Pyatt,* John Baird, 1879; Thomas Stevenson, Lysias Heapi * and John W. Pyatt, 1880 to 1882. Clerks of the County Court. — Humphrey B. Jones was the first county clerk, being appointed by the county ( oramis- sioners at their first meeting, June 4th, 1827. He served until August 10th, 1839, when he was succeeded by John D. Burklow, who resigned on the Slst of August, 1841. Joshua M Rice was appointed by the county commissioners HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AXD PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 179 to fill the vacancy, and served until the 6th of September, 1841. He was succeeded by Humphrey B. Jones, who had been elected at the preceding August election. Mr. Jones continued to fill the oftiL-e until Charles L. Starbuck was elected on the "id of August, 1857. Nathan T. Kelly was elected under the new coustituiiou, and took the office in December, 1849. Since that time the office has been filled by John W. I'yatt, 1853 to 18G1 ; David M. Hoge, ISGl ; Leonard T. Kuss, 1S65; J Carroll Harris, 1869, and since 1873 by Walter S D. Smith, the present efficient and courte- ous incumbent. Clerh of Circuit Court. — Humphrey B. Jones, appointed in 1827, and succeeded by Marmaduke S. Ferguson, he having been by Justice Semple appointed clerk of said court on the U'th day of Ajjril, 184:!. Andrew J. Dickinson was appointed clerk by Justice Shields. December 12, 1843; Charles L. Starbuck was ap- pointed clerk by Judge Koermr, Sept. 28, 1847; Lewis Haramack, elected Sept. 4, 1848 ; J.s. M. Mi)ntague, elected 1852 ; Evan li. Hushing, tlecti d 1856 ; Jas.M. Bmwn, elected 1864 ; Jas. M. Bruwn died August 10, 1867. an dCharles H. Roe was by Judge Crawford appointed to fill the vacancy until the ensuitig election, when in November, 1867, he wa.s elected to the position of clerk, which position he still occupies. SUIiRIFFS OI-' THE COfXTY. Wni. C. JIurphy, sherifTfrom 1827 up to 1837, iu which year Matthew Jones succeeded him, and retained his posi- tion until succeeded bj' John Steele who was elected August 3.1840; Abner K. Pyle, 1843; Laban G. Jones, 1844; David M. Hoge, commissioned, August 28, 1846; Johu W. Pyatt, elected in 1850; David M. Hoge, 1852; John D. Reese, 1854; David M. Hoge, 1856; Jas. J. Hoge, 1858; Albert A. Clymer, 1860; James F. Mason, 1862 ; Wm. G. Leslie, 1864; J. Carroll Harriss, ISGii; Daniel W. Dry, 1868; Samuel A. Beard, 1870; Samuel A. Beard died May 4, 1872, and his term was partially completed by Geo. N. TafTc-, coroner, who committed suicide before the term had expired; Leonard T. Ross, 1872; Leonard T. Ross, 1874; Kdward M. Harris, 1876 ; Ralph G. Williams, 1878 ; and Thomas Penwarden, 1880. COUNTY TREASURERS. Daniel Dry was appointed by the county commissioners at their first meeting, June 4, 1827, and continued in office by them until 1829 The commissioners continued to elect the treasurers until 1839; when they were elected by vote of the people. The following named served by appointment: Richard G. Murphy, 1829; John K. Hutchings, 1830 to 1832; Samuel Pyatt, 1832; David H. Mead, 1833 to 1836; Joshua M. Rice,"l836 to 1839. In 1859 George O. Hotch- kiss was elected; Lewis Staten, 1840; John D. Burklow, 1841 to 1843 ; Luther Beal, 1813 to 1845 ; David iM. Hoge, 1845; Benjamin Ilammack, 1846; James M. Montague, 1847 to 1850 ; Johu Moore, 1850 ; John McClure, 1852 to 1855 ; Samuel King, 1855 to 1861 ; Johnson C. Harris, 1861 ; Leonard T. Ross, 1863; James C. Kimzey, 1865 to 1871 ; John Patterson, 1873 to 1879 ; Josiah W. Haines, 1879 and the preseiit incumbent. COUNTY SURVEYORS. Richard G. Davis was the first surveyor and received his appointment from the county commissioners, at their Sep- tember term, 1829, to hold his ofiice until the next meeting of the General Assembly. He continued to hold this office until 1835, when he was succeeded by Abner Pyle, Jr., who had been elected by the people. Thomas H. Campbell was elected in 1839; Abner Pyle, Jr., 1842; Nathaniel B. Dill- horn, 1843; Nelson Holt. 1847; John II. Hutchings, 1848; Samuel Katon, 1849; James M Montague, 1851 ; Isham E. Willis, 1855; Robert Steele, 1857; David L Benson, 1861 ; William H. Lovehdy, 1863, and held the office until May 2d 1870, when he resigned and was succeeded by William Golightly, who served until 1871 ; John W. Tyler, 1871 ; J. J Flack, 1875; William Collins, 1879, and died while in office, and was suci ?eded, in 1881, by J. J. Flack, who now holds the office. Riaoi;i)i:i:. The following have filled the (rffice of recorder, an office now coupled with that of circuit clerk : Humphrey B. Jones was elected in l'\35 ; John D. Burklow in 1839; .Sylvester Adams in 1812; William J. Weir iu 1843, and Charles L. Starbuck in 1847. MINE ISSiPECTOR. Prior to Sept. 20th, 1877, the county surveyors were ex- officio inspector of mines, but the law changing and requiring the board of county commissioners to appoint a practical miner to that office, Tliouiiis Penwarden was appointed Sept. 20, 1877, and filled that office until Sept , issi), when he was succeeded by Thomas Bailey, who now fills the office, and looks after the safety of his fellow workmeu. CORONFRS. Amos Anderson was elected May 7, 1827, at the first election held in the county, and was re-elected in 1828, serv- ing until 1S31 ; David Baldridge, 1831 ; Matthew Jones, 1832; David Baldridge, 1834; Aaron Lipe, 1836; Thomas Armstrong, 1838; John R. Hutchings, 1840, and continued in office until 1848; John L. Baldridge, 1848; John R. Hutchings, 1850 ; John Wheatley, 1852 ; Fleetwood B. Garner, elected in 1854; John Wheatley, elected iu 1856, and continued in office until lN(i2; Robert Craig. 1862 and 1864; Warren Wheatley, 1866 ; George U. Tafi't, 1868 aud 1870; William G, Anderson, 1872; William G. Gordon, 1874; Martin Smith, 1876; William G. Gordon, 1878, died November 11, 1879, when Joseph Ogborn was ap- pointed his successor, and re-elected to the oflSce in 1 880. SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. The first to hold this office was David Baldridge, appointed by the commissioners' court in 1831, and continued in office until 1845, having been elected by the people in 1841 and 184 , ; he had been followed by Charles L. Starbuck in 1845; William H.Turner in 1846; Nelson Holt in 1847 ; Marmaduke Ferguson in 1849 ; Samuel Eaton from 1850 to 18.54 ; Isham E. Willis, 18.54 to 1857 ; Zebedee P Curlee, 1857 to 1861 ; Charles E. R. Winthropin 1861, and Richard M. Davis in 1863. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. James W. Blair elected in 1865 for a term of four years; 180 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Benajah G. Roots in 1869 ; John B. Ward in 1873, who now holds the fffice. COUNTY DIRECTORS FOR CHESTER Si TAMAROA RAILROAD. Under the provi>ions of an Act o"" the General Assembly, in force A])ril 16 1869, T. M Sunjs and Jaiuis Ritchie were comnaissioned as such i ffieers', June 7, 1871. STATE AND COUNTY ATTORNEYS. David J. Baker pro tem. for first terra of Court, August 28, 1827; James Sample, pro tem., August term, 1828; Kichard J. Hamilton, pro tern., April terra. 1829; Henry Eddy, October term, 1829; Richard J. Harailton, April term, 1830 ; Alexander F. Grant, pro tem., October term, 1830; Walter B. Scales, pro ttm., April term, 1831 ; Alex- ander F. Grant, pro tem., October term, 1831 ; Walter B. Scates, pro tem., April term, 1832; Alexander F. Grant, pro tem., October term, 1832 ; Walter B. Scates, pro tem , April term, 1833 ; Walter B. Scates, pro tem., October term 1833, April term, 1834, and October term, 1834; John Dougherty made his first appearance May term, 1835 ; David J. Baker, October term, 1837 ; Samuel Marshall, July term, 183?; Wm. H. Stickney, May term, 1839; Wm. H. Underwood, April term, 1843; Philip B. Fouke, April term, 1847 ; P. P. Hamilton, October term, 1855; George Abbott was appointed states attorney, pro tem., at the May term, 1856 ; Monroe C Crawford first appeared at the April temi, 1857 ; George W. Wall, April term, 1^65 ; Robert R. Townes, April term, 1869 ; R M. Davis, appointed by county court, July 16, lh72 ; D. W.Fountain, elected November, 1872 ; Richard M. Davis, November, 1876 ; and Mortimer C. Edwards, November, 1880. CIRCUIT JUDGES. Theophilus W. Smith, a justice of the supreme court, pre sided over the August term, 1827, and the August term, 1828; and was followed by Thomas C. Browne, justice of the supreme court who presided over the Perry county cir- cuit court from April, 1829, to October, 1834 ; Alexander F. Grant, judge, May terra, 1835 ; Jepthath Hardin, judge, May term, 1836 ; Walter B. Scates, judge, up to including October term, 1841 ; James Senipte,justice of supreme court, April term, 1843; James Shields, justice of supreme court, up to including September term, 1844; Gustavus P. Koerner, up to including October term, 1848 ; Wm. H Underwood, up to including May term, 1855 ; Sidney Breese, up to in- cluding October term, 1866 ; Wm K. Parrish, up to includ- ing April term, 1859 ; Alexander M. Jenkins, up to includ- ing September term, 1863; John H. Mulkey, including September term, 1865; Wm. H. Green, April terra 1867 ; Monroe C. Crawford, November term, 1872; since which date Araos Watts has been presiding over said court, alter- nating with judges George W. Wall and William H. Snyder, since June 16, 1873. CHAPTER IX. BENCH AXD BAR. RANDOLPH COUNTY. O follow in cocsecutive order the history of the Bench and Bar of Randolph, the oldest settled part of Illinois, is a pleasing and yet arduous undertaking. Twenty-four years had elapsed after ihe first settlement of Kaskaskia, before any form of civil government was attempted. Without such form, legal enactments were unknown outside of the church ; and even after its introduction, the people were largely a law unto themselves, although dif- ferences were adjusted by the Commis'^ary of Louisiana. D'Artacjuette was the first appointment of the French gov- ernment to this position, in the year 1708. In 1712 a change was made, in that a wealthy merchant of Paria named Crozat was appointed as D'Artaquelte's .successor, and became supreme judge over the actions of the people of the great valley. In 1717 he was succeeded by the ''Com- pany of the West," whose aifairs were wildly administered for two years by John Law, a Scotchman, whose ideas re- specting banking and adjustment of titles, gained for him an unsavory reputation. In 1719 the '' Royal Company of the Indies," whatever such appellation might mean, obtained the power and located M. Boisbriant and De Ursins at Fort Chartres as their legal agents. Under this regime a series of articles bearing the faintest semblance of legal enact- ments were adopted in 1721. The first recognition of lex scripta proved a rallying point for the early settlers, — a little pebble of civilization dropped into the centre of the wild ocean of savage life, the circling ripple enlarged and enlisted the attention of all. In 1732 the charter of this company was surrendered to the French government, and M. D'Arta- quette was appointed governor of Illinois. La Buissoniere was appointed his successor and held sway until 1751, when he was succeeded by Chevalier McCarty. His successor, M. Ange de Belle Rive, was the last of the French governors, as in 1763 the country passed into the hands of the English. On the arrival of Captain Stirling of the Royal Highland- ers in 1765, Gov. Rive retired to St. Louis. Capt. Stirling died soon after his arrival, and was buried at Fort Chan res. He was succeeded by Major Frazier, and soon after by Col. Reed, who became notorious for his military ojipressions, based largely upon what he considered breaches of law. His career was, however, short, as he was succeeded in 1768 by Col. Wilkins, who, by the authority of General Gage, then Commander of the British Army in America, established a court of justice. He appointed seven judges, who held court at Fort Chartres, commencing on the 6th of December, 1768. This was the first court of common law jurisdiction ever held in the Mississippi valley. Prior, even under HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 181 the enactinents of 1721, the governor sat as judge, and held uurestrictfd power iu passing sentence. In 1787, Metsrs. Parsons, Barnuni and Syraraes were ap- pointed United States Judges, having jurisdiction over the Niirtliwest Territorv, with headquarters at Kaskaskia. Al- though their appointment dated from 1787, they did not arrive in Kaskaskia until 1790. Immediately after their arrival a court of common pleas was instituted, and John Edgar, of Kaskaskia, and Jean Bajjtiste Barbeau of Prairie du Rod er, were appointed as Judges, each holding court in the district of his residence. Many of the old records of Randolph county attest their fairness in dealing with aflairs brought to their attention. John Edgar was a native of Ireland. As a subject of Great Britain he served in her navy, which he left during the time of the Ameiican revolution, and in 1784 took up his residence in Kaskaskia. His sound judgment, liis quick- ness of perception, and great decision of character, all con- duced to make him a popular judge. Jean B.^ptiste Barbeau was a Canadian by birth, and of French parentage, and one of the founders of Prairie du Rocher. He was a very influential man in his community, and, prior to his appointment as judge, was often appealed to by neighbors as an arbitrator of petty differences. In 17fl5 a reorganization of the court of common pleas took effect, and the following were appointed as judges: John Edgar, William Morrison, Pierre Menard, Robert McMahon, George Fisher, John Beard, Robert Reynolds, Nathaniel Hull, Antoine Louvier, John Grovenier, James Finney, and Samuel Cochran. It appears, however, tliat most of the work devolving upon these twelve men was done by John Edgar. In 1809 this court was superseded by the county court^ composed of justices of the peace, three of whom were necessary to constitute a quorum. Their names were : Philip Fouke, Henry Levens, William Arundel, Samuel Onielveny, John McFerren, Paul Harrelston, David Ander- son, Archibald Thompson, John Phelps, Alexander Wilson and Robert Gaston. In 1814 this court wa-s again changed, and the court of common pleas reinstated with members as follows : John McFerren, William Morrison, James Finney, David Andei^on, Philip Fouke, George Fisher, Archibald Thomp- son, Antoine Chenttt, ^Miles Ilotchkiss, and Pierre La Corapte. Upon the organization of Illinois Territory in 1809, a higher count, called the General Court, was established. As judges of this court, there appears from the records, the names Jesse B. Thomas, Obadiah James, Alexander Stuart, Stanley Griswold, Wra. Sprigg, John Reynolds, Daniel P. Cook and John Warnock. In the year 1813 the territory was re-districted into three judicial districts, as set forth iu the following act: " Be it known, that under an Act of Congress, entitled ' An Act regulating and defining the duties of the United States Judges for the Territory of Illinois,' it is allotted to Jesse B. Thomas to preside in the first circuit ; to William Sprigg to preside in the second, and to Thomas Fowler to preside in the third circuit." In 18.'55 the judiciary of Illinois was remodeled and re- organized, at which time the circuit court was establibhed. The following persons have acted in the capacity of Judges: 183\ Sidney Breese ; 1843, James Shields; 1845, Gus- tavus Koerner ; 1849, W. H. Underwood ; 18o.5, Sidney Breese; 1858, H. K. S. Omelveny; 1800, Silas L. Bryan; 1872, Amos Watts. Upon the reorganization of the courts of Illinois taking eifect July 1, 1879, the following became the Circuit Judges of the circuit: Amos Watts, George W. Wail, AV^illiam H. Snyder. Of all the above judges only three were residents of Ran- dolph and Monroe counties. Sidney Breese and James Shields were both at one time residents of Kaskaskia, Raii- doljih county, and H. K. S. Omelveny, of Waterloo, Mon- roe county. Sidney Breese, born in Oneida county, New York, in 1800, after graduation from Union College in 1818 came to Illinois, and located first in Kaskaskia, where he studied law with Elias Kent Kane He was soon after admitted to practice. His first efibrts before a jury were so very un- satisfactory to himself that he determined to quit the pro- fession forever. Friends interceded, and encouraged him to try again. In 1822 he was appointed attorney of the second cieuit, which position he held for five years.* James Shields, a native of Ireland, began the practice of law in Kaskaskia in 18.32. Prior to engaging in this pro- fession he taught school. It was during his experience in the school-room that he prosecuted the study of law. As a debater in a literary society, organized in Kaskaskia in 1833, he was said to have excelled all his fellows. In 1830-7 he represented Randolph county in the State Legislature. During the progress of the Mexican War.he was appointed Brigadier-General. At the battle of Cerro Gordo he was severely wounded. Iu 1849 he was elected United States Senator from Illinois. He subsequently represinted Minne- sota and Missouri in the same body, thus representing three different States in the Senate ; a distinction never befi)re enjoyed by political aspirants. His challenge to Abraham Lincoln to fight a duel has become historical. Lincoln, having choice of weapons, selected broadswords, Shields being a small, short armed man, wliile Lincoln was a tall, sinewy, long-armed man, as stout as Hercules. Shields evidently was "in for it." Friends interfered, and the duel was averted. Shields was a warmhearted, impulsive Irishman ; a brave and gallant soldier; an excellent judge of law; an advocate of marked ability. He died at Ottumwa, Iowa, in June, 1879. H. K. S. Omelveny, a lawyer of marked ability, a judge of fine attainments, was a native of Monroe county. He was a self-made man, a close observer, a critical student, a man of derided judicial turn of mind. He served in the Mexican War, and in 18i,8 was elected Judge of the Circuit * For a more full i. The jury, the audience, everybody, was convulsed with laughter, from the beginning to the end of Linder's argu- ment, but poor Deevers, and he looked very much like a man going to the gallows. Linder gave him the most terri- ble castigation man ever received. Not by saying severe or harsh things about him, but by ridiculing hira beyond mea- sure. He literally laughed the case ont of court. The court adjourned upon the rendition of the verdict, and while we were going out, Deevers said to me : 'Oh God! why didn't I take your advice, and employ that man ? I would not have lost my case if I had.' ' Deevers,' said I, ' when I take the pains to give you good, disinterested advice hereafter, you will be apt to fol- low it.' ' Yes, indead, I will,' said he. The first thing Deevers would say to me when I met with him after that, would be ' Well Gillespie, what a fool I was that I didn't take your advice that time.' " Another incident which occurred in Kaskaskia at an early day is worthy of preservation. Benjamin Mills, a resident HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 185 of Greenville. Bond Co. travelled the circuit. He was a man of great native wit and sarcasm, which he visited with telling force U()on a fellow aUoriiey, (Jeneral Adams Adams had for a client a man indicted for murder ; to secure his fee he took a mortgage upon everything the fellow hud, even down to his househohl and kitchen furniture. His client was convicted and sentence 1 to be hung some thirty days thereafter, and between the sentence and execution, Adams foreclosed his mortgage and sold the property, not leaving the wife and children ot the crimnal a bed to sleep on, or a pot in which to C(K)k their dinner. His client was hung and his body was handed over to the surgeons for scientific, ex- periment. The doctors invited the lawyers to attend, and among t the rest cirae General Adams anti Benjamin Mdls. They had their galvanic battery, and placed one of the poles to his spinal column while his body was still warm and let on the electric fluid. Immediately the corjjs began a series of distortions, most horrid to look upon when Adams laying his hand on Mills' shoulder, said in a sorry, slow and solemn voice : '■ This is a very sorrowful sight." '• Yes," said Ben, " it must be very sorrowerful to a law- yer to see his client skinned the second time." General Adams sneaked off and left the doctors to finish their experiment. Another non resident attorney prominent at the Kaskas- kia bar was Alexander P. Field. As a criminal lawyer he had not at the time a peer in the Stale He was a man of fiue personal appearance — -about six feet four inches high, and possessed of very graceful gestures ; his voice was magi- cal ; his power over juries was, as many old settlers attest, almost unlimited. Not only was he a powerful man before the courts, but as a political speaker he could madden or convulse his audience with laughter at pleasure. He was a brother-in-law of Nathaniel Pope, having married his sister. He went from Illinois to New Orleans, where he placed him- self at the very head of the Louisiana bar. PRjaENT MEMBERS OF THE BAR. The honor of being the oldest resident member of the bar of Randolph County belongs to Major J. C. Hollbrook, a portrait and sketch of whom may be found elsewhere in this work. He studied law in Hamilton, Ohio, and in the year 184-5 came to Randolph county to engage in the practice of his profession. He acquired a fine reputation as a lawyer and gained a large and lucrative practice. A few years since, owing to ill health, he abandoned active practice. JoHK MlcHAU, is among the earlier practitioners at the bar, of these now actively engaged. He is a self made man, has attained a profound knowledge of the law, is a good speaker, a cogent, close reasoner, and the able advocates of Southern Illinois recognize in him a " foeman worthy of their sttel." He came to this county in li^SS but did not venture uj.on the practice of law until 18.')9. He is of an ardent temperanii nt has a strong will and goes in to win. Alexander Hood has been a member of the Randolph county bar since 1862. He graduated from the law depart- ment of the University of Michigan in 1861. In 1862 he 24 opened a law office in Sparta, bat soon after rem ived to Chester, where he hn sinca resided. He has been several times elected city attorney for Chester. He is now associated with A. G G )rdon. The firm enjoys an excellent practice. Abrm. G. Gordon is among the younger and rising mem- bers o^'the Randolph bar, to which he was admitted in May 1871. He graduated from McKendree College in 1871. He soon after opened a law ofiice in Steelville, but in 1874 removed to Chester where he has since resided. He was se- lected the first Prosecuting Attormy of Randolph county, afterward, the duties of which he ably discharged for several months. His habits ofclo.se application, his extended gen- eral knowledge have given him an intimate acquaintance with the law, svhile his natural talents fit him for a high professional rank. John H. Lendsey, one of the most successful members of the Randolph bar, in common with many others made the school-room a stepping-stone to the legal profession. He came to this county in 18-57, and prosecuted the work of teaching with marked success until 1872, when he was elected justice of the peace. He at once applied himself to master the rudiments of law, and in 1873 was elected county judge. The duties of this office he discharged with signal ability, and soon entered upon a large and constantly in- creasing pracace. In partnership with him is his son-in- law, Ralph E. Sprigg, a native of the county and son o^ James D. Sprigg, a former prominent citizen and office, holder. Mr. Sprigg is attentive and determined. He is making the best of his advantages, and success is assured. Albert N. SPRAutJE, a native of New York, came to Randolph county, locating in Spirta, in 1869. He had studied law with Ju ige Haiumick, of Pinckneyville, and been admitted to practice the year before. Mr. Sprague is diligent, and has acquired considerable reputation as an ad- vocate. John R. McFie is one of the rising young lawyers of southern Illinois. Was born where he yet resides. Studied law with J. B Jones, and was admitted to the bar in 1870. He has twice been elected a mendier of the House of Repre- sentatives from his district, thus making law a stepping- stone to political preferment. (See sketch elsewhere.) Adam Ru.ssell, a young man of acknowledged ability, is a native of the county and resides in Coukerville. When asked with whom he had studied law, he promptly replied, "With Adam Russell, fir." He was admitted in 1874, and has acquired a fiue local practice in Coukerville, and sur. rounding villages. Jon.athan Cuestnutwood, located in Evansville, of which place he is among the oldest rtsident-x, is a native of Ohio. Was educated in Marietta College. Here he studied law, although he did not enter upon its practice until a few years ago. In 1874 he was elected a member of the State Legislature. Reuben J. Goddard is a native of this county. Gradu- ated from the law department of Michigan University in 1864. His practice, commenced at Sparta immediately thereafter, has become large and lucrative, made so by his 18G HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. uiifliigi;iiig zeal id behalf of the cause of clients aud his close scrutiiij of the law. lu 1870 he was elected prosecuting attorney of the Common Pleas court of Sparta. Elsewhere in llii.s "ork is a biogra|>hical sketch. Thomas T. ALEXANUt';R is a native of Randolph county- Accjuired his education in the Indiana State University at Blootnington. When a junior, left college to volunteer in Co. F, 80lh Illinois Regiment. Read law with J. C. Law- ber, now of St. Loi'.s, and was admitted to the bar at Spriiiglield, 1878. Was .'iected city attorney in 1.S78. J. C. Ha\vtho«nk, a native of Randolph county, is a young and ambitious cuember of the bar. Taught school for several years, aud while teaching was admitted to the bar. Do.v E. Dktrich was born in Sparta, this county. At- tended the High School of his native town. Studied law with John Michau, and for a year subsequently attended St. Louis Law School. He was aiimitted to practice in 187'J, and in 1880 was elec ted proseci.ling uttoiney for Ran- dolph county. He is a yo lug man oi ttuJiou' habits, perse- verance and tict. William Hartzell, a nat vo of OMj, was admitted to the bar in l.S(14. Read law with J. P'jrry Johnson. His commanding talents gained fi • him tlio nomination for and election to Congress as member from his district in 1874, and again in 1876. As a lawyer he is recognized as being pos- sessed of ability, energy and unflagging zeal. He lately formed a copartnership with J. B. Simpson. J. B. SiMJ'sos, a native of Randolph county, is one of nature's noblemen. He took up the study of law unaided by teacher. Read Blackstoue's Commentaries whilst on his father's larm As indicative of his judgment in selecting text-bonks as a foundation for legal knowledge, we learn he read Walk t's American Law, Greenleaf s Evidence, Par- sons on Contracts, Chilly's Pleadings aud Wharton's Crim- inal Law. Upon application he was admitted to the bar in 1871. His close application to whatever engages his atten- tion, his acknowledged integrity of character and his urbane manners bespeak him success. In the campaign of 1882 he was the Republican candidate for cuunly judge, but was defeated by sixteen votes. H. C. Horner, of whom a sketch may be found elsewhere in this work, was a native of Arkansas. He was admitted to practice in 1877, and has rapidly taken high rank among his fellows. Clear and forcible in argument, well versed in the law, since he is a close student, he is steadily command- ing a large and cons-tantly increasing practice. James J. Morrison, of the noted family of thai name, studied law with J. H. Wall and William Hartzell, and was admitted in 1874. Warren N. Wilson, a young man of promise, is a native of this county. Studied law with Hartzell and Johnson. Admitted 1>>77. Appointed Master in Chancery in 1880. (See sketch.) B. W. Sharp, practicing at Red Bud, came to the county from Tamaroa, 111., in 1874. He is a graduate of the Law Department of the University of 'Virginia, and was admitted to the bar in 1838. George L. Riess, the present efficient County Judge of Randolph county, was admitted to the bar in Waterloo, Monroe county, September, 1871. Came to Randolph county in 1875. He studied with Charles Henckler, taking a very thorough course. He is well read in the law. We refer the reader to a biographical sketch of Judge Riess ou another page of this work. MONROE COUNTY. former micmbers of the bar. Charles Henckler was a native of Germany. Came to America when about seventeen years of age. Followed the vocation of cal)inet maker in Columbia for several years, then merchandized and during this time was elected Justice of the Peace. Whilst discharging the duties of this office he acquired considerable knowledge of law, and in 1853 was admitted to the bar. He was a good lawyer and special pleader. He was first a partner of Thomas Quick, and subsequently of H. C. Talbott. He died in 1878. Gi'.ORGE Abbott was an eastern man. He was admitted to the bar in Waterloo in 1852. Remained here until the breaking out of the late war when he enlisted as captain in the Twenty-second Regiment, Illinois Infantry. Was wounded at Belmont. Was subsequently appointed Pro- vost Marshal for this district with headquarters at Alton. After this he moved to Pinckueyville, Perry county, where he died in 1878. John C. Bonman practiced law in 1856-7. Afterwards took Greeley's advice and went west to grow up with the country. Jame.s a. Kennedy, a graduate of the college of the Christian Brothers, St. Louis, Mo., came to Waterloo in 1858. Admitted to the bar in 1862. Was elected School Commissioner, the duties of which office he performed with signal ability. He formed a copartnership with H. K. S. Omelveny. Subsequently he moved to Springfield, Illinois, where he was elected City Attorney. He was a mau of fine legal attainments. M.VTiiiAS Kramm, a citizen of Burksville, practiced a short time, beginning in 1862. Moved to Belleville, thence west. Henry C Talbott, Sr., a native of Kentucky, came to Monroe county in 1844. Was educated in McKendree College. Taught school. Publi>hed the Waterloo Patriot. Was admitted to practice in 1856. Served as justice of the peace and county judge. Continued in his practice until his death iu 1879 Was a partner of Cuailes Henckler. He was a sound lawyer and good citizeiL George Morrison, a native of 'iVatf rlno, read law in the office of his brother, Hon W. R. Morrison. He was educated in the college of ihe CliristiHU Brothers, i-t. Louis, Mo. Admitted to practice in 1870. Held the office of Master in Chancery several years. Died in 1881. Thomas Quick, a native of Illinois, practiced law for a number of yeaps in Waterloo, where he was for a time a partner of Charles Henckler. He subsiqnently moved to Belleville, thence to St. Louis. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 187 John Stanley, a young man of con.^iderable ability, a native of the county, practiced a few years, begini ing about 1874. Went to Butler county, Missouri, where he died. Charles W. Meykr, educated iu MiKeudree College, practiced law iu Waterloo several years and runved to Leb- anon, then to east St. L 'uis, where he dieil. He was an able advocate, a mau of pre-eminent social qualities. Edward Omelvesy washy nature a lawyer. Of Scotch- Irish origin, he was at the same time an exponent of the wit of the one and the hardihood of the other nationality. During the years immediately preceding the Mexican War he was regarded the leading legal light among lawyers of the Waterloo bar, not that he was so profound in know- ledge, but so quirk in repartee — so happy in his It'gal appli- cations and possessed of tact that challenged admiration. Upon one occasion he was fined by Judge Breese 8">'l for contempt of court. Very promptly he arose from his scat, called the attention of the sheriti", to whom he handed the $50, saying: " Judge. I expected you wouM get ev<-n wiih me, because thi-i is the moin-y I won from y'hose graphic pen we are indebt- ed for the above sketch, is now one of the few survivors of that band of active men who were f 'reniost in shaping the political sentiment of the state forty years ago. Hesry W. Billings, an eastern man, located in Water- loo, in the practice of his profession in 1837, and left in 1845 for Alton, where he continued to resiile until the tirae of his death. He was a very able aud excellent speaker, conducted his cases with much a<'roitncss, and was not often excelled in the preparation and management of business in the higher courts. He was a man of engaging manners and splendid presence, and was exceedingly popular with the bar and the people. PRESENT MEMBERS OF THE BAR. Hon. William R. Morrison, a native of Monroe county, was admitted to the bar in Springfield, Illinois, whilst a member of the state Legislature in 1850, and opened an ofHce in Waterloo afler his return. He rapidly took his place as the leading attorney of the county, until he mea- surably abandoned its practice to become a member of Con- gress. Whilst a member of the Legislature, he was made Speaker of the House. He was first elected to Congress in 1802, again in 1S72, since which time he has continuously been kept in that body by the franchise of his fellow- citizens. As chairman of the Ways and Mejms Committee he developed great tact and further enileared himself to his constituency. He is a man of broad, liberal culture, of 188 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. sound legal knowledge, of practical and well-(l< fined ideas regarding the wants of the masses. As a lawyer he receives recognition as heing pos-sesjed of ability and strict integ- rity — two elements that give weight to his opinions. 8PENCER Tompkins, a native nl Galefburg. I'liiDis, edu- cated in FCnox college of tliat city, came lo Waterloo in 1880. He read law with Col. Beardsley, of Rock Island, and was admitted to the bar in Davenport, Iowa, in 1865. He U acquiring a fair practice. Joseph W. Rickekt, born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, was 1 ducated and grai'uated from the St. Louis Uuiverjity, St. Louis, Mo. He came to Waterloo as a teacher in her public schools ; read law with H. K. S. Omelveny at Cen- tral City, Marion county, Illinois, and subsequently iu the office of James A. Kennedy, of Waterloo. He soon after went south and resumed teaching; then returning to Illinois, read law in office of Johnson & Hartzell, of Chester, and in March, 1869 was admitted to the bar. In the fall of the Bame year he was elected superintendent of the public schools of Monroe county, a position he filled with credit for four years In 1873 he buckled on the armor as an at- torney, and soon placed himself by untiring energy and perseverance in the front rank, a positinn he still retains. In 1875 he was elected a member of the State Legislature. He is clear and logical in his presentation of cases before the court, being well read in the law ; is a man of ripe scho- larship, a fine linguist and an excellent companion. Emery P. Slate, a native of Massachusetts, now one of the prominent members of the legal fraternity of Monroe county, came to Illinois in 1836 In 1854 his parents moved to Waterloo, Missouri, where he irregularly studied law in the office of S. Kibbs, until the breaking out of the war, practicing on some oc(asions before a justice of the peace in the vicinity where he lived. In June, 1861, he entered the army and assisted in raising the 1st Regiment of North Missouri Infantry. He became quartermaster of the regiment. In 1862 he returned to Illinois and took up his residence in Waterloo, Monroe county. He has achieved marked success in the practice of law, and the esteem in which he is held as a citizen does not fall below his profes- sional standing. Henry Talbott, son of H. C. Talbott, a native of the county, was educated iu the public schools and in Wyman's Institute, city of St. Louis, Mo. ; read law in the office of his father; in 1876 entered the law department of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., but was soon after called to Washington, D. C, as clerk to the Ways and Means com- mittee, whose chairman was Hon. W. R. Morrison. He was admitted to the bar in 1878, at Mt. Vernon. He is a rising young lawyer, earnest and faithful in the discharge of all the duties devolving upon him. Charles Morrison was born in Waterloo, educated in McKendree College, from which institution he graduated in 1875. Read law in the office of his brother, Hon W. R. Morrison, and subsequently with H. C. Talbott. Was admitted iu 1878. He is industrious, painstaking, and a genial and pleasant gentleman. William H. Horine, a native of Waterloo, graduated from McKendree College in 1875. Read law with George Morrison and subsequently with Michau and Riess. Was admitted at the June term of the Supreme Court at Mt. Ver- non, 1878. James F. Cauniff hails from New York. Came to Illinois with his parents in ISS.'i. He was educated iu the college of the Christian Brothers, St. Louis, Mo Read law and was admitted during the session (if the Appellate Court at Springfield in June, 1880, and afterwards commenced the practice in Waterloo. During the campaign of 1882 he was elected a member of the Legislature from this district. He i3 recognized as being a man of ability. George L. Riess, a former practitioner here, is men- tioned iu the article on the Bench and Bar of Randolph county. PERRY COUNTY. The first term of the Circuit Court was held at the house of Amos Anderson in Holt's Prairie, August 28, 1827. Pre-sent: The Hon. Theophilus W. Smith, a Justice of the Supreme Court of said State, and presiding judge of said Circuit Court ; Humphrey B. Jones, clerk, and William C Murphy, sheriflF. David J. Baker was appointed in the ab.sence of the circuit attorney to prosecute as said attorney. Theophilus W. Smith, the first judge of Perry county, was a native of Virginia, emigrated to Kentucky, there read law, and soon after his admission, came to Illinois, and took up his residence in Edwardsville. There he edited a pro- b'avery newspaper during the exciting campaign of 1823-24, when the question was settled as to vphether the constitution of the State should be so amended as to admit slavery. Soon after he was appointed one of the justices of the Supreme Court. In 1835 he was impeached by the House of Repre- sentatives for misdemeanors iu office, and was ably defended by Sydney Breese as leading counsel, assisted by Thomas Ford, Judge Richard M. Young and J. W. Whitney. He was acquitted of the charge. Judge Smith was an able law- yer but of somewhat pompous mien, and when upon the bench the very incarnation of dignity. His decisions how- ever, were regarded in the main as usually correct, and if he erred it was usually on the side of mercy. Judge Smith continued to preside in the circuit until the April term, 1829, when Thomas C. Brown, another justice of the Supreme Court, held the courts. Prisent: Hum- phrey B. Jones and William C. Murphy. Judge Brown presided until the May term, 1835, when Alexander F. Grant presided iu the courts of Perry county. Judge Grant held but one term of the court when he was superseded by the Hon. Jephthah Hardin, who was appointed Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit of the State. He presided at the May term, 1836, and until the May term, 1837, when he was succeeded by Walter B. Scales, who was elected to the posi- tion of Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit. Of Judges Grant and Hardin but little is known. Judge Scales pre- sided until the April term, 1843, when the Hon. James Semple presided. Judge Scales was appointed to the Supreme Bench i HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 189 1840, and served with distinction in that body until 1857_ when he resigned. He was well read in the law and had been prior to his election State's Attorney of the Third Judi- cial District. Judge Sf;Mri.n held but nno term of court in Perry county. .He was succeeded by James Sliields, who presided in this circuit until the April term, 184'). JlTDrtK J.\MK.-i SiiiKi.DS was of Irish birth. He read law in the office of Elias Kent Kane at Kaskaskia. Upon the reorganization of the Supreme Court of the State, he was appointed one of the justices of the Supreme Court. Further mention is made of Judge Shields in the article on Bench and Bar of Randolph county. At the April term, 1845, Hon. Gust.vvus Koernek, of Belleville, St. Clair county, came to the bench and presided over the courts of Perry county until the April term, 1849, •when he was succeeded by Hon. William H. Underwood. Judge Koerner is a native of Gernuuiy, and was educated at Univer.>ity of Munich, and completed his studies at Heidle- berg, receiving the dtgrse of LL.D. In the Republican uprising of 18:52, he took an active part which rendered him obnoxious to the reigning powers. In consequence thereof he, »fter much tr-biilation and several arrests, escaped to this county. He took up his residence in Belleville, Illinois^ and commenced the study of American law. He attended the law school at Lexington, Kentucky, and in 18;i.") was admitted to the bar In 184.5 he was appointed by the Governor of the State to a position on the Supreme bench, and in the following year was elected to the same position. In 18")"2 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, being the first German nominated and elected to that position^ During the late war he was appointed by President Lincoln colonel of Volunteers, and assigned tea position on the staff" of General Fremont. In 18(52 he represented this country at the Court of Madrid as Minister, and had much to do in maintaining the strict neutrality of that foreign power dur- ing tlie progress of the civil war. As a judge upon the bench he had the reputation of being a clear logical reasoner, and his decisions were m rked by great clearness and research. Hos. WiLLiAJt H. Underwood pre.';()(). He graduated at Union College which was presided over b}' the celebrated Dr. Nott, in 1818. He came west to Kask:u«kia the same year and read law at the office of Elias Kent Kane. In 1822 he was appointed by Gov. Bond circuit attorney and reappointed by l^dwin Coles In 1S27 he was appointed by President Madison attorney for the state of Illinois. In 1831 he compiled and reported the decisions of the supreme court. The result was "Breese's Reports" published at Kaskaskia in IS.'il and the first book printed in Illinois. In 1835, on the establishment of circuit courts, he was elected Judge of the second judical circuit, then comprising the counties of Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, Randolph, Washing- ton, Clinton, Bond, Fayttte, Montgomery and Shelby. In 1838 there came before his court the celebrated and at that time exciting question of the power of the governor to re- move the incumbent of the office of secretary of slate, and to appoint anoiher. The question as-sumed a personal and a partisan, as well as a legal aspect, though Judge Breise treated it, in one of the most elaborate judicial ojunions ever delivered in this state, purely as a legal matter. Ho decided that the power existed but the suprenje court reversed the judgment. Judge Breesc remained on the bench until in December 1842 when he was elected United States Si nator. In the fall of 1850 he was elected without opposition to the Legislature and upon the organization of that bejdy was elected Speaker. In 1857 when Judge Walter B. Scates re- signed he was elected to fill the vacancy and again elected in June 1861, re-elected and held a position on the supreme bench until his death, which occurred June 27th, 1878. It may be said of Judge Brec-^e that he united the scholar with the statesman, the jiolished gentleman, warm-hearted, cordial companion with the gravity and profundity of an able and experienced jurist. One of the most significant tributes to his character is that though exposed for sixty years ^\ilh public service of the state as circuit and state attorney, judge upon the circuit, senator, legislator, lawyer and judge upon the supreme bench, in both judicial and political life a conspicuous mark for personal and political hatred, j et slander and calrauny have failed to leave a single blemifh upon his great name and reputation. '■.V combination and lorm in deed Where every pod did seem to set Ilia seal To give the wnrhl nssnrnnce of a man." Judge Breese was succeeded by Wm. K. Parrish, who was commissioned January 4th, 1854, but held no term in Perry county until April 18.57. He resigned June 15th, 1859, and died April 22ud, 1861. He was a resident of Franklin county, Illinois, removed to Du Quoin after his election and resided there until his death. He was a man of signal ability a very clear-headed lawyer and presidexl with great dignity. He was succeeded by Alexander M. Jenkin-s who first presided at the .September term 1859. He was elected to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge Par- rish, anel re elected and commissioned July 1st, 18(51, and presided until his death, which occurred Feb. 13th, 1864. He was a resident of Murphcyboro, Jackson county, and was closely connected with the Logan family, of which Gen. John A. is a distinguished member. He was well advanced in years when he came to the bench. He gave good satis- faction as a Judge and was regarded as a good lawyer. 190 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. He was Fucceeded by Hon. John K. Mulkey of Cairo. He came on the bench at the April term 1804, and presided until the April terra 1866, when he resigned and was suc- ceeded by Wm. H. Green, who was commissioned December 28th, 1865, and held until the April term 1867. Hen. John H. Mulkey, after his retirement practiced law in the third judicial circuit and attained eminence in his profession. In 1879 he was elected to the Supreme bench of the state. Hon. William H. Green was and is yet a resident of Cairo, Illinois, and is a prominent lawyer. Hon. Monroe C. Crawford was elected judge of the third judicial circuit, and commissioned June 27th, 1867, and held this po ition until the new apportionment, when he was changed to the first circuit, and was re-elected for a full term of six years. His time expired at the May term 1873. He is a native of Franklin county, Illinois. He received his primary education in the common schools, and his literary education at McKendree College. He read law in the office of Hon. William K Parri.-h at Benton, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. He served two terms as states' attorney. He is a resident of Jonesboro, Illinois county, and still engaged in practice. In June 16th, 1873, Hon. Amns Watts, of Nashville, was elected judge and presided until 1877, when the circuits were consolidated and it was made the third circuit, and is at present presided over by Judges Amos Watts, William H. Snyder and George W. Wall. Hon. Amos Watts is a native of Illinois, and was reared in Nashville, Washington county. He read law with Hon. P. H. Hosmer, and, soon after his admission, was elected states' attorney. He h s been upon the circuit bench since 1873. He is a pains taking, able ard careful judge. Hon. George W. Wall is a native of this, but a resident of Perry, county since 1840. He was ( ducated at McKendree College, Ltbanon, Illinois, and graduated from the literary department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1858, and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1859. He read law in the office of Cyrus G. Simons of Cairo, Illinois, and was admitted to the bar at the June term of the Su- preme Court, held at Mt. Vernon, in 1859. He commenced the practice in Perry county. In 1864 he was elected states' attorney for the judicial district. When the districts were consolidated he was elected one of the judges of this judicial district. In 1879 he was appointed by the Supreme Court one of the judges of the Appellate Court of the Fourth Dis- trict of Illinois, and is now serving in that capacity. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1862 and 1870-71. Judge Wall possesses a bright legal mind. Few judges upon the bench have superior perceptive powers. His statement of a legal proposition is clear, logical and con- vincing. He gets at the heart and real merits of the point in question in the shortest and most direct manner, stripping it of all verbiage and sophisms until it stands out clear and perceptible to all concerned. His power of concentration and presenting the real point or pith of a case is good. Hon. William H.Snyder, of Belleville, Illinois, the third judge in this circuit, was born iu Prairie du Point, St. Clair county. Ills. His father, Adam W. Snyder, was in his day one of the leading lawyers of Southern Illinois. William H. Snyder completed his education at McKendree College, in his native county. He prepared himself for the legal profession in the office of Hon. Gustavus Koerner of Belle- ville. He served his country in the Mexican war, and was adjutant of the Fifth Illinois regiment. He was twice elected to represent his district in the legislature, and in 1855 was appointed states' attorney by Governor Mattison. He was elected judge of the circuit court in 1857, and was on the bench until l''<62. In 1870-71 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention that framed the present Con- stitution of the State. He was elected Judge of the Circuit Court in 1873 and reelected in 1879, and alternates with Judges Watts and Wall in holding the courts of Perry county. He is a gentleman of genial manners and warm^ generous impulses, of great literary attainments, and a thorough jurist. He has made an efficient and popular judge. Non-resident Lawyers. — The early sessions of the Perry county courts were usually attended by the lawyers compris- ing the bar of Kaskaskia, Chester, Cairo, Belleville, Ed- wardsville, Nashville and Shawneetown Among the ear- liest lawyers to practice at this bar, and who were present at the opening of the first court, was Diniel J. Baker. The records show that he was appointed States' Attorney pro tern. at the first court. He was a native of New York and a resident of Kaskaskia. In 1829, Henry Eddy, of Shawnee- town, commenced attendance upon the circuit courts of the county ; also, Richard J. Hamilton. The next year came Sidney Breese, Alexander F. Grant, Walter B. Scates, John Dougherty of .Johnsboro. William H. Ramsey was States' Attorney. The next year came Martin Doriyes, A. P. Field, who was an eminent lawyer from Kaskaskia, after- wards removed to Vandalia ; Adam W. Snyder of St. Clair county, who was the Democratic candidate for Governor of the State in 1842, and died during the campaign ; Stephen R. Rowen, James Shields (afterwards judge), and United States Senator John Reynolds (the " Ranger " Governor), John A McClernand, then of Gallatin county, now of Spring- field, Illinois. In 1834 came Samuel S. Marshall, from Mc- Leansboro, a fine lawyer, and subsequently elected judge of the Circuit Court, and also represented his district in Con- gress several terms. Jepthah Hardin and Lyman Trumbull commenced the practice in the courts of Perry in 1838, and .1. L D. Morrison in the same year. Stephen G. Hicke, M.C Kinney, W. H. Stickney, Willes Allen, L. B. Clement, John Whitehead, William H. Underwood, Richard Nelson, Joseph Gillespie, George Trumbull, Philip B. Fouke, L C. Holbrook, P. E. Hosmer, Richard S. Bond, of Carlyle; W. J. Galewood, of Shawneetown ; John A. Logan, Judge Duff, Samuel Casey, Benj. Bond, W. A. J. Sparks, Joshua Allen, F. Albright, I. N. Haynie, subsesquently Adjutant General of the State; A. P.Corder, W.K. Parrish, William Hacker, John Michen, R. S. Nelson, Nathan S. Weeks, Samuel Eaton and Geo. Abbotts were among the prominent lawyers who practiced in the courts of Perry county. Last but not least was William H. Bissell. We subjoin a brief sketch HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 191 of hiiu : He was born iu New York iu l'^ 11, where he stu lied ti>r tlie medical professiou, aud removed to Mouroe couiUy llliuois. He abandoned medicine soon af'ler, aud took up the profession of law, in which he became eminent. In 1840 he was elected a member of the legislature, aud served with distinguished honor in that body and was recog- nized as one of the ablest debaters aud speakers on the floor of the House. At the breaking out of the Mexican war he was commissioned colonel of the Second llliuois regiment, and won the plaudits jf the whole country for his gallant actions on the field of Buena Vista. He was elected to Congress, aud, in 18.56, became Governor of Illinois, and died near the close of his gubernatorial terra. He was a fine lawyer, but specially excelled as an advocate. He was irresistible before a jury, and none excelled him in the use of language and power to stir the deeper feelings of his hearers. FORMER AND PRESENT RESIDENT LAWYERS. Among the first resident attorneys was Humphrey B. Jones, who destrves more than a passing notice. He was a native of Christian county, Kentucky. He there studied medicine, aud in 1821 came to Illinois, and settled in Brownsville, in Jackson county, and practiced his profession. In April, 1^27, he came to Perry county, which had by an act of the Legislature of 1826-7 been organized as a county. He entered the laud on which the town of Pinckneyville now stands. When the courts were organized he was appointed clerk, and held that position for fourteen years. He iu fact held all the county offices for a number of years, aud was also the only physician aud postmaster of the town. During his term as county officer he acquired considerable knowledge of the law, and was frequently called upon for advice as to the proper method of bringing suits; in short, was the oracle who was consulted in all kinds of business. He commenced the practice in the courts regularly, and was soon employed on one side or the other of every case that was tried in the courts of Perry county. His prac- tice was large, but not so lucrative as it would be at the present day. Then a ten dollar fee covered a large amount of work, both in the preparation of the case and its progress through the courts. He was regarded as an able lawyer, and perhaps had no superior iu southern Illinois as a chancery and real estate lawyer. His large practice con- tinued until his death, which occurred November 18th, 18.55. He was the judge of the probate court for many years. C. L. Starbi'ck, a resident attorney of Perry county, was a native of New York, and came to the county about 1841, and commenced practice He was a good lawyer. He removed to the northern part of the State, and there died about l85(i. William Eowards came to Pinckneyville iu 1830. He was born in Athens, Vermont, February 14th, 1805. The family moved to Ohio in an early day, a. d from there to Shawneetown, and Mr Kdwards came to this county on the date above mentioned. He followed the mercaitile business here until 1.S4.'5, when he commenced the practice of law, which he continued until his death, April 10th, 1854, The Court records disclose the fact that he, too, had a large practice, and is remembered as a sound, thorough lawyer. Pkksley p. Ha.milton was a brilliant young lawyer. He was born in White county, Illinois, Marcii 25lh, 1824. He read law in the office of Hon. S. S. Marshall, of McLeausboro, llliuois. Before he finished his studies he removed to Pinckneyville, and continued his studies under William Edwards. He was admitted to the bar in 184G. He practiced in the surrounding courts. In 1858 he entered the Law Scliool at Louisville, and graduated from that institution in February, 1859 He succeeded to a fine lucrative practi('e and contiuued therein until 1863, when he abandoned the law and entered the ministry of the M. E. church, aud died iu the rainistry October 22d, 1869. Lewis HaMMAck, attorney at law, has now the honor of being the "oldest man on the job." He was born iu War- ren county, Pa , June 25th, 1825, and was but two years of age when the family came to llliuois. He was educated in the subscription schools of Perry county. During the Mexican War he was a member of Company K, of the Second Regiment, llliuois Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Bissell. After the war ho returned aud taught school several terms. During that time he obtained a copy of "Chitty on Contracts," which awakened in him a desire to study for the profession. In the meantime he was elected circuit clerk, and served until 1852, then the year following obtained his license and commenced practice. His position of circuit clerk gave him a knowledge of forms which was a great help to him, and he soon had a large practice, partic- ularly on the chancery side, and in real estate litigation. Like many of the old lawyers, while he had a large practice, yet in consequence of the fees being small he failed to reap the just rewards that should always attend industry and ability. He was master in chancery two terms, and was a candidate for judge of the circuit in 1861, and again in 1864, but each time was defeated by a small majority. William McEwing, an attoruey of Waterloo, Monroe county, came to Piuckueyville in 1855, and continued here three ytars, then removed to St. Louis, and is now prac- ticing in Missouri. He is more particularly remembered in connection with the journalism of the county, and is credited with being the first editor and publisher of a newspaper in Pinckneyville. William H. McKee was from the east. He came to Piuckueyville in 18.56. He was a graduate of the Law School at Louisville, Kentucky. He removad to Belleville iu 1861 and diid the year following. He was a bright, talented lawyer, and gave evidence of a brilliant career, but the dread disease, consumption, carried him off before he had reached th^ zenith of his professional career. JuDOE Georoe W. Wall, of Du Quoin, is mentioned in the bench of the county. Hon. William K. Murphey is to the "manor born." He i= a native of Perry county. He received his education in the common schools, aud private instruction under the tuition of B. G. Roots, a veteran educator of Perry couuty. In 1859 he entered the law office of William H. McKee, of Pinckneyville, and commenced the study of law. He 192 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. pursued his ftuiiies diligently, and in the sjiring of 1860 was admitted to the bir. la 1861 he was appointed master in chancery, in which position he continued until 1865, after which he confined himself closely to the practice. A^ a trial lawyer he has no superior in the county, is well read in the la*, and is an advocate of more than ordinary force. He represented his district in the Twenty-fourth, Twenty- fifth and Thirty-first General Assemblies of the State. In 1872 he was elected a member of the State Senate, and served in that body for four years. He was also a candidate for Congress in the Twentieth Congressional District in 1882. Judge William Elstun, who until recently was a resi- dent lawyer of Perry county, is a native of Franklin county, Illinois. He came to Du Quoin a short time before the late war. He was regarded as a good lawyer, particu- larly in probate law. He was county judge for twelve years. He is now a resident of Emporia, Kansas. Mortimer C. Edwards is the sou of William Edwards, who was one of the early resident lawyers of Perry county. He was born in i'iuckneyville and received his early educa- tion in the public schools, and in the Masonic College at Lexington, Missouri. He read law in the office of Lewis Hammack, and was admitted to the bar in 1860. During the war he enlisted for three years, and was captain of Company C, of the Eighty-first Regiment, Illinois Volun- teer Infantry. In 1880 he was elected States Attorney, and at present he is prosecuting attorney. He is a good lawyer and able prosecutor. Hon. John Boyd is a native of Randolph county, Illi- nois. He received his education in the common schools, and subsequently followed the profession of teaching. He read law with Lewis Hammack, and was admitted to the bar in 1862. He formed a partnership with his preceptor, which continued one year From 1806 to 18.S2 he was associated in the practice with William K. Murphey. Mr. Boyd possesses a fine legal mind of a logical and analytical order, and excels a-i a pleader. He represented his district in the Legislature in the session of 1876-77. Richard M. D.wis is a native of Jackson county. 111. ; he was educated in the common schools, and read law in the office of Louis Hammack, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1864. During the late rebellion he was lieutenant in Co. I of the 80ih Reg't 111 Vols. He served one term as superintendent of schools of Perry county. In 1876 he was elected State's attorney, and served one term. He was a vigilant prosecutor, and earned the commendation of the good citizens of Perry county. Robert R. Townes, a resident lawyer of Du Quoin, was a native of Franklin county, 111., and came to Perry county iu 1865, and was State's attorney for the judicial cir- cuit from 1868 to 187?. He removed to Jonesboro', in Union county, and subsequently to Athens, Alabama, where he at present resides. Edward V. Pierce is a native of Liverpool, England, and emigrated to America in 1848. He learned the printer's trade, and for some time edited and published a newspaper in Franklin county. He read law iu the office of Judge William A. Denning, of Benton, Franklin county, and was admitted to the bar in 1851. He was State's attorney of the 26th judicial circuit from 1858 to 1860, and master in chancery for a number of years. He came to Du Quoin in 1864, and in 1874 removed to St. Louis and practised there. He returned to Perry county in 1882, and has continued the practice here to the present. Mr. Pierce is a good lawyer, well posted in the elementary principles of the law, and has been a successful practitioner. G Parks, a resident attorney of Du Quoin, is a native of Indiana. He commenced the study of law with Cyrus G Simons, of Jonesboro', 111., and was admitted to the bar in 1856 ; commenced the practice in Johnson county. In 1862 he went into the service, and was mustered out as captain at the close of the war. After the war he came to Du Quoin> and continued the practice. In 1881 he was appointed county judge by the county commissioners, and in 1882 was elected to the same position. Hon. T. T. Fountain is a native of Washington county, 111. He received his primary education in the common schools and his literary training at McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois, and subsequently graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in the class of 1868. He commenced the practice at Du Quoin, in connection with Judge Munroe C. Crawford. During the late war he enlisted for three years in Co. K of the 13th 111. cavalry, and passed through the grades to the second lieu- tenancy. He resigned in 1864. He was master in chancery from 1873 to 1875. He represented his district iu the 38th General Assembly. Mr. Fountain has a good practice and possesses an excellent knowledge of his profession. Dempsey Fountain, who was until recently a resident attorney of Perry county, is a native of Williamson county, 111 He received his legal education at the University of Michigan, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He was State's attorney from l.'<72 to 1876. He is now a resident of Big Stone City, Dacotah Territory. R. W. S. Wheatley was born iu St. Clair county in 1850. He received a fair English education in the schools of Perry county. He read law iu the office of Colonel R. R. Townes, of Du Quoin, and was admitted to the bar in 1871. Commenced the practice in Du Quoin. He is a man of taleut and eucrgy, and bids fair to attain eminence in his profession. A. R. PuGH was an attorney at the Perry county bar. He was a native of Wales. Commenced the practice here in 1865. He moved to Jackson county, and died there in 1881. 1. K. P. Rayland, an attorney, and at present justice of the peace at Pinckneyville, is a native of Perry county. Read law in the office of F. M. Youngblood, of Benton, 111., and also attended the Law School at the same place, and of which Judge A. D. Duff was principal. He was admitted to the bar in 1869, and commenced the practice at Pinck- neyville. He has served several terms as justice of the peace. E. H. Lemen is a native of St. Clair county. 111. He read law in the office of Hon. John B Hay, of Belleville, 111., and was admitted to the bar in 1868. He is also a gra- duate of the law department of the University of Michigan. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 193 Came to Perrj couuty in 1869, and commenced the practice here. He is an able lawyer and a pleasing and eloquent speaker (tor further mention, see biographical sketch). Evan B. Rushinu was boru in Bedford couuty, Tennes- see, but was reared in Perry county. 111. In ISotJ he was elected circuit clerk and re-elected in 1U>um Itrpnhliran. Bnunrr. Perrg Counlij Watchman, Enterprise, Star, Item, Neat, Independent II r.,1, ;■ : . ;, I I ,.,;;, Sijnal, The I're^s, Da tjnuin Press. H fr ^^J r7>f^ 1 1 1 ]•' newspaper history of Illinois is as in- .•',;S=v'nl / dli. t^.resting and checkered as that of the speak, of the state government it was also removed to the latter place. Elijah C. Berry became the sole publisher, and afterward was elected Auditor of Public Accounts. The Republican Adivente was established in Kaskaskia in 1823, by Elias Kent Kane. He continued its imblieation for a short time or until the date ot his election to the United States Senate, th^n the office was leased to other parties and suspended publication in 1825. Mr. Kane was a native of New York and settled in Kaskaskia in 1814, four years before the organization of the state government. In 1818 he was appointed by Gov. Bond secretary of state, and continued in that < ffire until 1824, when he was elected HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 195 to represent Illiuoij in the Senate of the United States. He proved himself an industrious and able member of that body, and served out his full time with so much satisfaction to his constituents that he was re elected without serious opposition in 1830. Before the expiration of his second term his health, which had always been feeble, gave way and he died in Washington, December lltli, IS;!."). Few men of his daj's enjoyed a higher degree of popularity. He was esteemed by all who knew him, and even the few enemies he had ad- mitted the purity of h'n character aud the honesty ol his in- tentions. The Adoocate office passed into the bauds of Robert K. Fleming, who revived the publication of the paper and named it the Kuskofikia Recorder. It was established May 5th, 182.^, by Mr. P^leming, who soon removed the office to Vandalia.and in l'S27 went to Edwardsville and established the IUinoi.-< Corrector. Two years later he returned to Ka.s- kaskia aud published the Recorder, and remained there until the summer of 1 «.>:>, then went to Belleville and remained there until his death. At the time of his death in 1<'S74 he was the oldest living printer and publi-her in the state. Col. Menard owned a printing office in IM.'iO. It was his custom to leave it or allow any parties the use of it who would publish a paper in the town of Kaskaskia. In 1840 the office was opened by James Fitzsimmons, a young man who came to Ka.skaskia in the employ of a party of bridge builders in the capacity of book and timekeeper. Having some journalistic aspirations he got permission from Me- nard to open the office, and issued therefrom the Kaakdnkia Republican. He was succeeded by Wm. E Jones, who continued pub- lisher until after the high water of l'S44, when the office was clo.sed for a short time. The publication was revived in 1841) by Parsons Percy and a Mr. Wallace. Mr. Percy was a Scotchman by birth and an old printer, and well known throughout southern Illinois. He was a character in his way, and posessed of more than average ability but un- fortunately was addicted to gross intemperance. It was his custom as soon as the paper was printed to go to the grog shop and get drunk aud continue in that state for several days, only returning to the office in time to set up and get out the next week's issue. It is related of him that on one occassion the drunk continued until the day of publication. Sobering up he realized that something had to be done. It was too late to set up the paper. The last week's forms were still on the press. In this dilemma he sat down and wrote, "At the urgent request of a large number of our subscribers we republish last week's edition." The paper was worked off and distributed. It is not related whether his subscribers discovered the trick or not, at least it gave him extra time to indulge in his favorite recreation of getting gloriously drunk. He afterwards published a paper in Sparta, then in Staunton, Macoupin count}', after which he went to Chester and there died. During the time that Parsons Percy was publisher of the paper, Peter W. Baker became associated with him and sub- sequently became publisher, and continued the paper until 1849 when the office of the Republican was sold by the Menards to B. J. F. Hanna, and by him removed to Chester, which had then iiecome the county scat of Randolph county. The first paper established outside of Kaskaskia in Ran- dolph county was The Columhu.': Herald. — It was established at Sparta, and its founder was James Morrow, a practical printer and native of Ohio. He came west to Illinois in the early spring of 18:59. He brought a printing office with him. The first issue of the Herald was made May Ist, 1839. It took its name from the town Columbia which by an act of the legislature of 1840—41 was changed to Sparta. It was the first newspaper printed in the town, and it may be said that with the exception of a few years, Sparta has not been without a newspaper from that date to the present. In form it was a .l col. folio, neatly printed and had a fair advertising patronage. It was independent in politics. In the Prospectus the Editor said "In the language of Thomas Jefferson, we are all Rt publicans. So we would now say. We are all whigs, we are all Democrats." On the 10th of January, 1840, in consequence of the name of the town being changed the paper was named The Sparta Herald. — With the completion of the first volume the paper passed into the possession of Mr. John E. Deitrich, who converted it into a political paper and made it the organ of the Democratic party in the county. On the 8th of May, 1840, he changed the name from the Sparta Herald to Tlie Sparta Democrat. — In the exciting campaign of 1840 i.lie Democrat advocated the claims of Martin Van Burea for the presidency. Mr. Deitrich continued the publication unti 184;), when it suspended. In 1.S44 the office waj leased to 0. F. McMillan, who on the •JSili of May, 1844, commenced the publication of the Randolph Couiitij Record. — It was a four-column folio, wide columns. It su))ported James K. Polk for the presi- dency. It was continued by Mr. McMillan until June, 1846, when trouble arose in the Democratic camp. In the convention a.ssembled for the purpose of nominating candi- dates for Congress, Robert Smith, the member from the district, was defeated by Lyman Trumbull. The friends of Smith claimed that Trumbull had secured the nomination by unfair means, and Smith therefore proposed to run inde- pendent. All the papers in the district stood by the nominee of the convention. Smith had no organ to represent him. McMillan was a friend of Smith's. He proposed to have the Record su))port Smith. This Mr. Dietrich, to whom the office belonged, would not permit to be done. McMillan wrote Smith the facts. He at once purchased press and type, shipped it to Chester and placed McMillan in charge. He set up the office and issued the Record. Six mouths later he changed the name to The Chester Reveille, the first number of which was printed February 20, 1847. It was in form a four-column folio, afterwards enlarged. Smith was elected by a large ma- jority. He continued McMillan in the office until 1850, when he sold it to Messrs. Hanna & Whitehurst, pub- lishers of the Randolph County Herald. Their office had been destroyed by fire a few months before. 196 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS Mr. McMillan is a practical printer ; he learned his trade io Ceutreville. In 1842 he came to Kaskaskia and worked at the case in the office of the Republican; aflerwanU went to Sparta, then to Chester, where he yet resides. He was a strong advocate of the Homestead Exemption law=, and contributed not a little to their passage His paper bore the name of the Chcder Reixille and Homcdi'ad A-hw.ate. As will be seen by the above, he is among the veteran and pioneer printers and publishers of the state. The first newspaper published in Chester county was called The Southern Illinois Advocate. — It was founded by John Smith and M. H. Abbott. The first number was issued May 14th, 1839. In form it was a five-column folio, and claimed to be independent in politics. Its publication was continued until 1840, when it suspended. After the flood of 1844, the town of Kaskaskia retro- graded. As before stated, a feeble effort was made to keep up a newspaper after that date, but it was a failure. In 1849 the Menards, the owners of the material of the Republican office, sold it to Mr. B. J F. Hanua. He re- moved it to Chester and there commenced the publication of the Chester Herald.— The first number was issued March 15, 1849. Soon after the publication was commenced Mr. Whitehurst was taken into partnership, and the firm of Hanna & Whitehurst continued until 185;>, when the latter retired and was succeeded by William Philips. They continued the Herald until 18.'i(), when Phillips withdrew and went to Kansas, where he laid out the town of Salina, and subsequently accumulated a fortune. He was a Scotch- man by birth, and a man of more than ordinary force of character. He possessed no education, but was gifted with a strong natural mind. He arose to distinction and repre- sented his district in congress. He was succeeded in the Herald by E. J. Montague, and with him the paper ceased publication. Mr. Montague, in 1860, went to Belleville, in St. Clair county, and took charge of the Advocate. At pre- sent he is a resident of Missouri. After Mr. McMillan removed from Sparta to Chester in 1846, there was no paper published in the former place until 1848; when John R. Shannon started a campaign paper called The Prairie Democrat. — It advocated the election of Lewis Cass. About the same time a paper called the Sparta Freeman was issued by James Coleman. It repre- sented the views of the anti-slavery party, and supported James G. Birney for the presidency. In 18.30 James S. Coulter succeeded Coleman, who died, and continued the paper for several years. He changed the name to The Sparta Journal— He retired in 1852 and went to Belleville, and there edited the Advocate. He was a Protest- ant Irishman, and one of those irrepressible characters so often found among the natives of the Emerald Isle. He wielded a sharp vigorous pen, and was indiscriminate in the use of it, and sometimes would puncture a friend as well afl a foe. After Mr. Coulter retired from the Journal Mrs. Gintileus took charge, and a short time after the paper suspended. John R. Shannon conducted the Democrat until 1851, when the office was leased to C. P. Jjhnsoa, late Lieutenant- Governor of Missouri. He named the paper The Inde- pendent, and continued it until after the campaign in 1852, when it suspended. It was revived by S. A. Armour who published the pip^r f)r a sh >rt \\m\ then leased to Parsons Percy wh) continue 1 it f)r twj years, after which J. W. Fletcher succeeddd to the management and soon after the office was removed to Chester. lu 1862 the Ilotrock Brothers published a paper in Sparta called the •. They continued the publication through the war, after which they leased the office to W. J. Armour, who changed the name to the Star of the West. It was sold to Gen. J. Black- burn J.nes in November 1866. It had then but 130 sub- scribers. Mr. Jones then purchased new type and changed the name of the paper to the Randolph Plaindealer. It rap- idly grew in circulation under the management of Gen Jones. It was the first paper in Illinois that hoisted the name of U. S Grant for president. An incident is related about "Bill" Armour, as he was familiarly called. Shortly after he went out of the office, and Jones took possession, he came back and claimed the rolling stone as his property. Upon investigation it was found to be the tombstone of his departed uncle which had been shipped to him to be set up at the head of the grave in the cemetery ; being just the sort of a rolling stone he wanted, he utilized it. We are not informed whether it did or did not do duty as a tombstone after it had served his purpose. Gen. Jones continued the publication of the Plaindealer until August 1868, when he sold to T. M. Nichol who con- tinued the publication until the following April, then J. D. Watson purchased an interest with Nichol. The firm of Nichol & Watson continued until December 1870, when the paper was sold to Messrs. Kimball & Taylor of Belle- ville. They placed Edward Fagin in charge as editor and manager. He was succeeded by Fred. L. AUes, April 27, 1872. In April 1873 an eflfort was made by some parties in Sparta to purchase the Plaindealer, and while they had the matter under consideration Mr. AUes purchased it of F. M. Taylor of Belleville, and on the same date sold it to S. L. Taylor of Sparta. The date olsale was May 19, 1873. On the 21st of June following Albert Goddard became associ- ated with Mr. Taylor in the management He retired Feb- ruary 17, 1874, and was succeeded by W. B Taylor, brother of S. L. Taylor. The Taylor Brothers continued to publish the Plaindealer until May 10, 1881, when they sold it to Messrs. George Campbell and Don. E. Deitrich. Charles Campbell purchased Deitrich's interest September 1st, 1881, since which time it has been conducted by the Campbell Brothers. They are both young men of energy and ability, and have succeeded in making the Plaindealer a necessity to the people of Sparta and surrounding country. The Weekly Randolph County Democrat was founded by Judge J. M. Ralls. The first number was issued JIarch 10, 1857. The office was brought from Sparta and managed by J. W. Fletcher, who was a practical printer. He subse- quently founded the Sentinel at Centralia, which is still in existence. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 197 The Democrat was a 6 column folio, and its name indi- cated its politics. Judge Rails continued proprietor until April 1, 1858, when he sold out to H. B. Nisbet and C. C (Jleraeus. They continued the Dcmorral as ati independent paper. At the close of the third volume, or on April 1st, l><(iO, Mr. Nisbet purchased Clemens' interest and conducted the paper until June 186-5. Wheu he got control he made it a republican paper. It gave an unqualified and hearty support to the union cause and all measures for the suppression of the rebellion. John W. Dean and M. W. Rotrock purchased the Democrat. The firm of Dean & Rotrock continued editors and publishers until 1876, when Rotrock sold his interest back to Jlr. Nisbet. The firm name was then Dean & Co. Dean during this time had charge of the management of the paper. He let it run down, so that it became of little value. It was sold to the Clarion Company. The next candidate for journalistic favors in Chester was the Eu Quoin Recorder. The first issue of the paper under the new name was March ;>d, 1865. Ballard conducted the paper until 1867, when Charles H. Hays became associated with him. This arrangement continued until November 7, 1867, then Ballard .sold the Recorder to R. Berry, and the latter formed a partnership with A. J. Alden, the editor and pro- prietor of the Tribune, and the two papers were consolidated under the name of the Tribune and Recorder. When Mr. Bowen retired from the firm of W. A. Ballard & Co., ])ublishers of the Stars and Stripes, he purchased an office and commenced the publication of a Democratic paper called the Du Quoin Progress. The first issue was made October 14, 1865. It was a seven-column folio. He con- tinued editor and proprietor until hia death in 1868 ; after which it was published for a short time by his brother, Frank Bowen. The office was afterwards sold and removed to Pinckneyville. The Du Quoin Tribune was established by A. J. Alden. and the first number issued March 21st, 18()7. It was an eight-column i'olio, Republican in politics. It was yet in its first volume when it was consolidated with the Recorder. The firm of Alden & Berry continued until November 9^ 1870, when Alden's interest was purchased by J. T. Beem 200 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. and C. P. Richards, two practical printers and compositors in the office. The firm of Berry, Beem & Richards con- tinued until Feb. 10, 1874, at which time Mr. Berry retired, from the firm, and the remaiuing partners have conduc ed ihe paper to the pr esent. 'V\vi Tribune is the recognized organ of the Republican party in the Twentieth Congressional District. It is neatly printed and ably edited. The oflice is well supplied with all tiie modern styles of type necessary to the successful opera- tion of a country newspaper, and fitted up with power presses, etc. Altogether, it is not excelled iu this respect by any other oflice in Southern Illinois, outside of Cairo. Mr. Beem is a native of Pittsburg, Penn. He came to Alton, Ills., when young, and learned the printer's trade in the oflice of the Alton Telegraph. In 1861 he was one of the firm who re-established that paper. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. " G," 97th regiment Ills. Vols., and served three year in the army. At the close of the war he returned to Alton ^ and in 1868 came to Du Quoin, and, two years later, became one of the proprietors and editors of the Tribune. C. P Richards, the junior member of the firm, is a native of Wy- oming county, New York, where he learned the trade of printing. He came west in 1863, and worked in the print- ing ofiices of Kalamazoo, Chicago, Champaign and Rock Island. He came to Du Quoin in 1868, and iu 1870 became a partner in the Tribune, and has continued as one of the editors and publishers of the paper to the present. The Du Quoin Republican. — The office of the above named paper was bought in Pinckneyville, where it was known as the Banner oflice, by Messrs. Kimball & Taylor of Belle- ville, Illinois, and by them removed to Du Quoiu. The first number was issued May 6, 1871. Fiank R. O'Neil was placed in charge) as editor and manager. It was a nine tolumn folio, re[)ublican in politics. The publication was continued until the third volume, when the Union News- paper Company of Belleville, of which Messrs. Kimball & Taylor were the proprietors, failed, and with them failed the difl'ereut newspapers under their management in southern Illinois. The Perry County Banner, No. 1, of volume 1 was flung to the journalistic breeze May 27, 1869. John A. Wall and D. B. Van Syckel were the tditors and proprietors. When first issued, it was, in form a six column folio, subsequently it was enlarged to an eight column same form. On the 1st of May, 1870, Mr. Van Sickel's interest was purchased by E. H. Lemeu, Esq. He took charge of the editorial columns, and soon gave the Bioiner a political standing among its contemporaries. It started as an independent paper, but Mr. Lemen made it the exponent of republican principles. The increasing business in his profession compelled his retirement from the editorial chair, the date of which was February 10, 1871. W. K. Murphy and John Boyd succeeded him as political editors, and of course they gave it a different political cast. The paper was soon after sold to Messrs. Kimball & Taylor as stated above and re- moved to Du Quoin. In 1870 the citizens of Tamaroa concluded that a news- paper was necessary in order to speak for the town, and in- form the outside world the advantages it possessed over many places in Illinois. The citizens with commendable liberality subscribed a sum sufficient to purchase a press and the necessary outfit of type. They selected L. E. Knapp- and H. W. Adams to take charge of it as editors and pub- lishers. The first number was printed December 20th, 1870, and bore the name of the Perry County Watchman. — The publication continued un- der the same management until 1872, then D. C. Barber who had obtained control of the stock, leased the office to H. F. Montressor. He changed the name to The Enterprise — His admiuistration was short and not over brilliant. The material was then leased to E. W. Koonce who changed the name to The Star. — The Star shone with a lack-lustre brilliancy for a short time, when its light went out and in its place came The Item, under the editorial control of F. A. Allison ; after him came the Curlee Bro'. who run it for a short time, then Mr. Barber sold it to parties in Murphreysboro, Jackson county, Illinois, since which time there has been no paper published in Tamaroa. The News was the name of a paper published iu Du Quoin by Thos. K. Wi loughby. It was independent in politics. After the close of the first volume it was removed to Pinck- nezville, and from the office was issued The Independent, a democratic paper, the first Issue of which was made January 16th, 1875. John A. Wall was the editor and proprietor. He ran it successfully until November 1878, when a mortgage held against the oflice was foreclosed and it passed into the posession of E. C. H. Willoughby. He changed the name to the PinchieyviUe Democrat. — It passed from Mr. Willoughby to J. J. Sargeant and T. K. Will ughby. It was originally a seven column folio. The last named publisher changed it to a five column quarto. Sargeant bought out Willoughby s interest in 1880, ami published the Democrat until October 28, 1881, when publication was suspended. The office was then purchased by W. A. Penny, and the next issue ra^ide November 25, 1881. On the same date J. J. Penny, a brother of W. A. Penny, became a partner, and took charge of the editorial columns. The Democrat in the hands of Mr. Penny has become healthy and prosperous, aud bids fair under his management to live a long life of usefulness. John A. Wall and L D. Murphy purchased a press and material and on the 16th of November 1878 issued at Pinck- neyville the first number of the Perry County Signal. It was an independent Republican paper. In April 1879 Mr. Wall withdrew from the Signal and took charge of the Belle ville Advocate, afterward established the Chronicle at Coul- terville then moved it to Benton, run it one year, then sold out, and at present is engaged at farming near Mt. Vernon, Illinois. Mr. Wall learned the printer's trade in Mt. Ver- non, and has been connected with many papers in the difl^er- ent counties of Jefferson, Marion, Perry, Randolph, St. Clair Williamson and Franklin. His papers were always popu- lar with the masses. The Press was first issued at Tamaroa May 9th, 1879, by HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 201 theCurlce Bros, and there continued until Sept. 15th, 1881, when it was moved to Du (^uoin, and from liie office ha? since been iss-ued the Du (/iiaiii Prciig. Mr. M. B. Lawrence became as-focialul with the busine.-^.s bfter its removal to tiie latter phtce. In furm the paper i.-^ si.\ col. folio, indejiendent iu politics. This in brief is the history of the journalism of Randolph, Monroe and Terry countiis. For facts and dates relating to its history we are under many obligations to the members of the press throughout the counties. They have aided us in every way possible, and have kindly placed at our dispo.sal files of their papers from which we have gleaned much valu- able infornialion. We also desire to extend our thanks to Kdmund Menard, H. G. Jone.s Robt. tt. Deitrick, Hon. John II. himlsay, Judge Murphy and 8. L. Taylor, of Ran- dolph county; Hon. William End ami J. \V. Drury of Mon- roe county and G. M. Hinckley, W. H. Adams and Hon. E. H. Lcmen of Perry county, and the county officials of those counties for favors shown and information given which has enabled us to trace the history of the press from its fir.-t establishment iu Kaskaskia iu 1814 down to the present time. CHAPTER Xr. PATRIOTISM. \ HE French settlements on the frontier, at the conclusion of the treaty of I'uris, February 10th, 176.3, owed their alle- giance to the kingdom of France. The missionaries of the Catholic faith had zealously labored nearly a century to convert the aborigines to the Christian fliith, and, armed with the olive branch of peace, they planted the French stan- dard above their rudely constructed forls. Actuated by this zeal, their first thought was to their God, and the second to their native country. By the above mentioned treaty, their allegiance was transferred to the British crown in terms as follows : " In order to establish peace on solid and durable founda- tions, and to remove forever all subjects of dispute with regard to the limits of the British and French territories on the continent of America, it is agreed that for the future the confines between the dominions of his Britannic !Majestv and those of his most excellent Christian Majesty in that i)art of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the river Mi.-re, be seen that the conquest and capture of Fort Gage and Kaskaskia, the capital of Illinois, was one of the most peculiar and im- portant events recorded in history. More than a century has passed, and the ruins of Fort Gage may yet be seen by the traveler, situated on the side of the blurt" overlooking the now almost extinct village of Kaskaskia. Both yet linger as departed glories of Revolu- tionary fame and historv. The people of Kaskaskia, after learning from Clark that Franc* had joined hands with the colonists in battling against England for liberty, readily acceded to his desires and wishes, and several influential citizens of the town vol- unteered their services to accompany Cupt. Bowman to Ca- hokia to prejiare the minds of the people of that town of the change of sentim, nt in the minds of the French. This expedition was successful in its efforts, the Cahokians de- claring for the American cause. Col. Clark sub?e(iueutly learned that the British governor at Vincennes had gone to Detroit, and that the fort — old Sackville — was in the hands of the citizens. He therefore arranged an embassy under the leadership of the good old priest, Gibault, to go to Vincennes and persuade the people to espouse the cause of the patriots. The enterprise was successful, and the French of Vincennes, like the people of Cahokia and Kaskaskia, declared for the Americans, when Gibault, accompanied by several gentlemen from Vin- cennes. returned to Kaskaskia with the joyful intelligence. About this time the enlistment of the volunteers under Clark was about to expire, and as his instructions were un- defined, he acted at discretion Some of his men re-enlisted, and several of the French from Kaskaskia and Cahokia joined his command. Early in the following year, 1770, two French companies were organized by Clark, one from Kaskaskia and the other from Cahokia. The former was commanded by Capt. Charleville and the latter by Capt. JlcCartney. On the 7th of February, 177!t, this band of heroes commenced its march from Kaskaskia on the "Old Vincennes trace" to Fort Sackville. This " trace ' was celebrated in Illinois, having been used as a route by the In- dians nearly two centuries ago. It commenced at Detroit, thence to Ouiaton, on the Wabash, passing through Vin- cennes and terminating at Kaskaskia. In the language of another writer, " It was the Appian Way of Illinois in an- cient limes." In places it may yet be seen between the historic towns of K:u-kaskia and Vincennes. This expedi- tion of Col. Clark aud his little band was one of the most dreary and fatiguing that was performed bj the patriots during the Revohitio i. WAIt OK 1S12. In the year 179.") Captain William Whiteside gathered to his staudard his few but trusty comrades, to the number of fourteen, and attacked and killed a camp of Indians of con- siderable number, who the French at Cahokia informed him had assembled at the bluff, in pursuance of a medita'ed at- tack upon him or his property. This decisive victory effec- tually put an end to Indian hostilities in this vieinitv, including the territory of Randolph, Monroe aud Perry counties, and peace and security reigned for a period uf about sixteen years, until ISIl, when hostilities again broke out. Other localities, however, farther in the interior, were, prior to this date iu constant fear of, and in actual sudcriug from, Indian outrage. The immediate cause of the manifest increase of hostile feelings were the British agents and traders, who not only furnished the Indians with arms aud ammunition, but also encouraged a course of conduct the savages were readv to pursue. Treaties made with solemn pledges were broken with indifference. Promises and professions of friendship were only better means of accomplishing the ends of treach- ery. Murders were committed, and property was stolen and carried away. This conditiou of things made it necessarv to put the frontier in a condition of defen.se. The citizens organized companies themselves, without the order of the government, and the frontier was guarded along the Missis- sippi, from the mouth of the Kaskaskia northward, and along that stream, and also at other points. Forts and block- houses or stations were also erected at various places, and others already erected were brought into requisition. In Randolph county were Fort Gage, of revolutionary fame, occupying a position on the bluff looking across the Kas. kaskia river upon the old town of that name; Xuthaniel Hill's fort iu the northern part of the county, on Doza creek, a little above its junction with the Kaskaskia; a stockade fort in section •'J'J, town 4, range 7 ; the Georgetown fort, within the corporate limits of Steelesville, on the Shawnee, town road; and Huggins' fort, erected in l^T^ or '1.'! in sec- tion 19, town •"), range In Monroe were Whiteside's station, a short distance southeast of Columbia ; Pitrgot's fort, about a mile aud a half west of that village, at the foot of the Mis- sissippi bluff, where flows the creek called by the French the Grand Risseau ; and Going's fort, erected in an earlv dav, a short distance southwest of Bellefontaine. Iu these strong- 204 BIS TOE y OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. holds the womeu and children were placed for fafety and protection, while the men able to bear arms went in defense of the settlement. In 1811 Congress passed an act for the organisation often companies of mounted rangers to protect the frontiers of the West. Four of these companies were allotted lo the defense of Illinois, whose respective captains were : Samuel and William B. Whiteside, James B. Moore, and Jacob Short- The VVhitetides and the Moores were among the early set- tlers, not only of Monroe county but also in the Illinois ter- ritory, and were ever to the fror.t at the call of patriotism and valor. They were bred to the toils of pioneer life and the i)erils of Indian warfare ; and, besides the sentiment of patriotism, they had the additional stimulus of a determina- tion to avenge the blood of their kindred. Most active and zealous of all the patriots of Monroe during the war of 1812 and the Indian troubles that pre- ceded it, was John Moredock, who had declared an eternal enmity against the Indian race, in peace and in war, on account of the butchery of his mother, his father and his two stepfathers. He was field officer in the campaign under Governor Edwards in the fall of 1812 to the upper end of Lake Peoria, and acted as major in that expedition. He also acted in that capacity in the campaign of 1813 under General Howard. In December, 1814, while the command of Captain James B. Moore, about fifty rangers, were guarding a herd of cattle at a grove near Sugar Creek, on a trail leading from Camp Russell to Peoria, they discovered some Indians, and singling out one gave him chase William Hewit, having the fleetest horse, came up with the Indian, and promptly received the surrender of his gun. Moredock, who had sworn he would kill every Indian ■who crossed his path, raised his gun to fire. The Indian sprang forward and wrenched the gun he had surrendered from Hewit's hands, and shot him just as the bullet from Moredock's rifle went crashing through his breast For two years prior to l.sU, though nothing like a regular warfare existed, murders had been committed and property had been stolen. Governor Edwards proceeded to inaugurate meas- ures for a redress of these grievances. The surrender of the murderers of innocent whites and of the stolen property was to be demanded, and terms of an amicable settlement of existing difliculties were to be oflered. Captain Levering, of Kaskaskia, Randolph county, was chosen for the perilous undertaking of bearing Governor Edwards' communication to the Indians. To this end he organized a military com- pany at Cahokia, and proceeded with it in a boat to Peoria, then an almost inaccessible place in the midst of a wilder- ness. Though the mission was not fruitful in accomplishing the end in view, on account of the cunniug diplomacy of the Indians, yet by his frequent informal communications with them, Captain Levering learned much of their internal polity and their feelings toward the Americans, whom they re- garded as their enemies, despite professions of friendbhip. Among those whose name should appear on the roll of honor for Randolph county, stands Colonel Stephenson, a brave officer, who was in General Howard's campaign in 1813. To her credit should also be placed the names of Absalom Cox, George Wilson and Eli Short, and many others. Otho and Willit-.n Wi'son, Major Starkey, the Whitesides and the Moores were a few of those who responded with manly grace to their country's call, from Monroe. Pay roll of a company of militia commanded by Captain William Alexander of the county of Randolph, Illinois Ter- ritory, Ninian Edwards, Governor of said Territory. Willi Captain. im Alexander Liaitcnnnt. m MoBride Coiiw Seigcaiits. Amos Chaffin Uavid Everett George Wilson John AndersoH Corp(yra\s. A.lnm MoDonald William Lees (ieniKe Coehran ,I..sei.li Robinson rraat.-s. Rildfrbuk, Danie Bailej-, Jsnwl Buatte, Joseph •iiv. Joseph i:am..cl'v, Alexande C'l-awfoVd, John fi-eath, George Dnre, Lonis Eberman. Joseph Etlen, James Fisher. John Gill, J,aines Hill, John llr.-L'ni-, l,'..li.Tt Mav, J..hn M.'Hride, John .Me.Nal.h, James .Mr-Ilonald, Robert Null, H-my Patton, Idmer Petoiiie, Jn-eph Johi .b'l .lolll 1,1 I.^.v, F.dward I.a;iUford,Eli Mai tin, George .Mill trv, James Miller, Joseph Muster roll and inspection return of a detachment of the 1st Regiment of Illinois militia, under the command of Capt. Absalom Cox, at Kaskaskia, the third of September, 1812. Captain. Absalom Cox Corporals. Shadrach Lively Edward Clark John Beatty John Smvthe James Clark Thoma- Me Biid Thomas Roberts lyrwnvier. Samuel 3Iansker George Basics John Willson Adorn Wobrick Sergeants. Privates. William Thompson William Little Robert Foster William 3IcDonald Richard Robinson Samuel Keiner James Patterson James McFailand Sh.ldrach Lively John McClinton All, hen- R..SS Uobert Thompso Of the above Samuel Mansker is yet living on the same farm from whence he enlisted, near Rockwood a few miles south of Chester. We subjoin a list of the soldiers from these counties in the Black Hawk and Mexican wars. Captain Josiah S. Briggs' Company, Third Regiment, Third Brigade, of Illinois Mounted Volunteers, called into the service of the Vnitcd States, on the requisition of Gen- eral Henry Atkinson, by the Governor's proclamation dated May 1.3, 1832. Mustered out August 17, 1832 : rupfnin.— Josiah S. Bliggs Firtit Lievtcnant. — John INlorrison Secovd Licvtenant. SergfaiilK. Robert Mann John Ale Andrew McFarlan. Horse lost. John MeFiirlan Kiehaid Brodlev " " Pis- charsed it Winiiebiiso, July 15. Samuel Hathorn Horse lost, Piicafes. .\nderson, Pavid. Supposed to be discharged at Caslieonong. Anderson, Thomas Barbour, James, Left to attend Saml. Barboui-, sick at Ft. Winnebago, Bateman, James Burns, Samuel Brown, Samuel Campbell, Alexander. FiirnisliedJulv l!ith, W. Harper as subetuuto. Trans, to Capt. Lindsey 25th. Campbell. Samuel. Co., July 1 Caldwell, Rob Left at Prairie du I . fr with Col, Sharp at ;i .let. serv, I Left at Prairie du >. Horse lost, a. Promoted Sergt. Major Saiiford . John C. ,es, John M, , Mose ick. Is Kilpat ilton, sick, Lee, James F, Lee, John Ho Lee, Thomas Lively, Joseph LivelV, James Laird", John 1 Murpliv, Davk McHeiirv,.lolii ant B, A. Left at Fort Ham- Left tj attend sick at ins-lORY OF RANDOLPH, MOXROE AXD PKHRY COUXTIES, ILL I XO IS. 205 While, .I.>liii. Wounded in battle Aug. Mnxwell, Samuel. I.efl to attend sick Smith, Franeis at Prairie duChien. Hor-e loit. Snanwick, Francis. Left to attend the Oliver, Duritt. Lett at Blue Mound'.sick sick of I'rairic du Chien. Piitlei-sou, .larnes H. left at Prairie du S.adler, ISenjainin Chieu, silk. Sheets, Firman. Horse lost. PetlitI, Samuel Thomer-on, tieorge Kobiuson Richard Horse lost. Short, Thomas Killed July 21st. This company eniolled and electe 1 its officers on May 24, lcS32. May 27, 18:?'2, inarciied on for Beardstown, and was raustcred into tlie service of llie United States June 21, 1832. CAPTAIN WILLIAM IJORDON's COMPANY. ENROLLED JUNE 22, 1832. A company of Mounted Volunteers of Illinois Militia, organized as a company of spies, by order of Brigadier Gen- eral Atkinson of the V .S. Army. The uon-coinniissioned offi- cers and privates having been taken from the lines of other companies i \ the service, and the officers having been ap- pointed by General Atkinson, and continued in the .service as a spy company, during the period stated mustered out at Dixon's August 14, 1832. Hill. L»wi= .lones Sla'iphter Jeriard Francis Kinion, James Kinimau-.a, Haplist l.vn.li, Janus ii-.M.lvinv, John Sefond Licut''nnnl, Co'jtorah. William Morrison Mcdard Mcnar.l Louis Wihuot iierff€fiiiVt. l!ol»rt Murphy William Murphv,ofPinck- iieyvillc. Pritfales. William Swauu ick.of Kas- kaskia. Adams. Levi Jtl'K'k. Marcus William Mvers.of Kaskas- Urausou, Lewis kia Brown, John Robert Crawford, of Kas- Chan,l.i.,e, Lewi kuskia I>..za, Joseph cpp. .Haplist Pa.-y Indians. Millii M.. iixl on sun i.l.'. Al.-al.. , Millc Sc'ncanli. M'B Moses W. Tasgnrt "';'' Hiihard Lively, absent; left above " ■"Prairie du Chien to take care of Kob- ^j"^ crt Smith, sick. \lin.-i- liobert K..l.ert c. Jones |Mc.\ecl, William Harmon, Marim Overton, Bcnjami Corporal: I'allir^oii, .lohn, >r,-hibald Croiier I brother Jnmc , absent with leave 1 F., horse killed KolMTt Ha lillo TI,omp« Park r., absent : left to' sii- li-cw McCorniick, R' . W"i , lost his horse, present 1, Ja Airn(M. John Brown, Brown, John C. Been. Allen Ball, X.'Ison. discharged .n on surgical ecrliti' ate Bowerman, William Bildcrbnck, Friend Crozier. Andrew Davis, Robert Iiiikcs, Martin .Short. John, discharged at Bine Mound on surgical certiticate Steele, James, absent on furlough since Jidy2.-. Stc^'je, IJcorpc. lost his horse Smith, Robert R .absent sick ; left near . Join ! Mound Ta T las. .I..hu W. Timlcl.John Ai.kcrs, Abel \Vil.ox. James Wise. Kno.h (;. horse dr utiK : lost This company was raised and organized on June 4th, under the command of Gabriel Jones, Captain ; James Thompson, First Lieutenant; Samuel Barbour, Second Lieutenant. Marched on June Mh, and was mustered into the service at Fort Wilbourn June 21st, under Captain Thompson, Gabriel Jones having been elected Colonel. CAPTAIS JACOB FP.EEM.lS's, AFTEP.H'ASDS CAPTAIS JA.\IE3 COSSER 3 COMPASY. Of the third Regiment, Third Brigade, Illinois Mounted Volunteers, called into the service of the United States on the requisition of General Atkinson by the Governor's proclamation, dated - August 17, 1832. Copiaini. 1^.;2. Mustered out Wiley Paschall, horse lost or stolen f Privates. Jacob Feamans, resigned July 2.i, 18;12 Rnnj^ Edward James Conner, promoted July 25 from ijrewer, Vincent First Lieutenant Brigbtwell, John _ , ,. ,„ , Brown Allan.sun.dis. June 21; disability first Linilaaa^t. , . ^^,..^ ^, _ ^,jg j^|y ,,,. jjj^bility Matthew Gray. pro. July 25, 1832, from (hniiall, Elias Firet Sergeant Ctiaupine, Lewis „ . -. , „, I>oris, Martin W., pro. pavmstr July 15 Sccoia UculenanL Duggcr, Find, left at Prairie du Chien Darid Wright, pro. June 1" and left sick I to tend sick August? at Prairie du Chien i De Rouse, Henry I Davis, Michael Sergeants. > Doza, Joseoh Isaac Nelson, appointed July 25 f-"™'- Y;'.'.',','"'" George Glenn, appointed June 22 i Fulton. W .llmm Menard Maxwell, appointed June 20 Hampton, W ilson Joseph Orr, appointed Quar. Serg. July Jones. Armstead, woundeil 26, 1832 Corporals. Patrick Faherty , .liilv M James Wlielan Lachapclle. He John Levett, sup. dis. Aug. 4, 1832 ILevens, Henry July 21 d absent with leave from July 25 Jarrcl, John Langton, Francis, left sick at Mounds 206 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Mi-liiM.l. Mc.liM.l.ah. with leave- Aua. 7 Pa^ral, Fnui.i«i Miei>, JiiniesP., det. to t»n ii"M-, I'll" Mart, Riwelle s im .m , i , i ,. , sup. dis. Jul '26, 183 Morrison, William, ab. with leave Aug.: .n, IShenler White, John Penniana, Haptisf, horse lost on or near Willmuth, Louis This company was organized at Kaskiskia May "25, 1832, aiul was mustered into the service of the United States at Fort Wilbourn, June 21, 1S32. CAPTAIN WILLIAM ADAIr's COMPANY Of the Third R giment, 3d Brigade, Illinois Volunteers, called into the s rvio of the United States on the requisi- tion of General Henry Atkiisoa, by the G ivernor's procla- mation, dated , 1S32. Mustered out August 17, 1832. Oipfniiu.— Pnvid Baldridsie, resicned June 26, and nppointcil adintant. William Adnii-, piomoted captain June 26 IVoin the lanks. First L'n't'-rn„f. — Tail.!' .Sliort, jiromoted June I'.f fruni 2d lieuienant. Snowl /<,../',,;..' -I-hn Hansfchd, at Blue Mound; France, Peter. «.Hn..l..i August in. Garner, Fran. is. , Wells, Josiah. Hawkins \u-l".rn. : Wejks, Peter W., furloughed August 2. Hotehings, Eli J. Wo,.,lrum, Nieh.jlas. Hutching, , d. Aug. Z, rec. Aug. 0, Washburn, John. Hutching, William, dead; left siek at Wolf, Tliom.as, furloughed August 8. SaltUiverJuneU. SOLDIERS IN MEXICAN WAR. The Si.clh Regiment. — Otherwise known as the Second Regiment, enlisted, "during the war," was organized out of the overtlow of companies which were raised for the Fifth Regiment. So much honor had been achieved by the four regiments sent out by the State the first year of the war, that their praise was on every lip, and the young and am- bitious were ready to make any sacrifice to be able to go and fight the Mexicans. When the call was made for the Fifth regiment it was difficult for the Governor to select, as the men poured in by hundreds, and enough reported in ten days to fill half a dozen regiments. Application was made to the Secretary of War for permission to organize another regiment which was granted, and the Sixth was organized at Alton, Illinois, on the 3d day of August, 1847, by the election of J. Collins as Colonel. Shortly after the regiment was mustered into the United States service it was forwarded by steamer to New Orleans, and then divided into two battalions. Companies A, D, E, F and H, under the command of Col Collins, being sent to Vera Cruz, where they arrived August 3 1st, 18847. The second battalion under Lieutenant Col. Hicks consisted of companies B, C, G, I aud K, and was forwarded by vessel to Tarapico, remaining there until Jan. 1st, 1848, then joined regiment at Jalapa and marched to city of Mexico. From there they were ordered to Pueblo where they remained un- til they came home. Both battalions, as the muster rolls show, lost heavily from sickness, incident to climate. This regiment was mustered out on the 20th to the 25th days of July, 1848, at Alton, Illimiis. MUSTER ROLL C0MP.4XT G. Discharged at Alton, July 21, 1818. C'tplain. — James Moore. First Lieutenant. — Edward Olme'.veney. Second t.euren.cnte.— William C.Slarkey Austin James Serj/ertMte.— James Close. Solomon Varnum. Willii a.r^.oru(s.— Benjamin Atwell. Peter Dowling. John Hillhurn. Phomas James. 1 Hillburn. Elijah Adams .V«< s. — .Vugustus Holley Primtcs. Ellis, William Conrad Kii McCullock, Wm. G. Miirphv, Patrick Mann, Joseph I. Williiin II, Win. s. Ha fans, Ev > Left si. .Adams, Edward. . Blunt, Britain . . . Bishop, George . . Blaeksto.ie, George Bishop. E Br I . Charle' i-l, .Nirli.ila Lively, George MeCannah, John t VeraC.-u2; supp:)S 18. .Srrgennl. . Died in Hospital r Privnta. . Died in Il.ispital s . Die.l in Hospital : . llle.l i.i l|..s|,ical : , I ill II. -I'll .1 Swam;,.]. I iSUMlh.Wii Swear, I'll Willinan. Wil..o'c,,\ Walla.-e. ( ;d tobe'.liicharg ; Tampii . Tampie Me.\ico, Nov. 4, 1847. , Nov., 1847. , Nov. 4, 1847. . N.jv. II), 1847. \'_'iil •_■•_•, 1848. . Die,' i 1 lb SI. II ll ,ll 1 111 . Die.l i 1 111 -].|tal lit 1,11. . Died 1 1 II. .|ill ll 111 I'll. . Did 1 lb spil.ll 111 1,11111 . Die.l 1 n II. spiral at Jalap. . Dui.l 1 1 Hi spiral at Tamp 1 Hospital atTampico, Me.xico, Feb. II, 1848. John H. Di.t Beahers, Th Mi-Kiiil.-v,IIngh F. . . Discharged at Vera Cruz, Feb., 1848, disability. Privates. Pisi.|ial;.'...l : I ... Sent. 2.S, 1S)7, ilisabllitv. . ... Sept. 28,1847, dis.ahility. 1 uz, Feb. 7, 1848, disability. .King. . Transferred by order of Col. Gates. Edward Tilley Transferred by order of Col. Gales. Corporal. Joseph Wilcox Discharged at Pueblo, Mexico, April 'j4, 1848. Privates. Heath, D.aniel S. Youngm.an, Jacob. There are but six survivors of this company : Capt. James M. Moore, now in California; Austin James, Monroe County ; Thomas James, a merchant in Chester ; Henry Clover, Missouri; John Dickson, Illinois; and Solomon Varnum of Oregon. Ml'STEK ROLL COMP.\SV I. Organized at Waterloo, Monroe County, Illinois, in the month of May, 1846. Mustered into the service of the United States at Alton, Illinois, on the 24th day of June, 1846. Mustered out on the 18th day of June, 1847, at Camargo, Mexico. HISTORY OF ItAXDOLPH, MOSROE AND PERRY (OCXTIES, ILLIXOIS. 207 , Adj. of Regt., order Col. Oi/jl Mil— Madison .Miller. FiiU LiVnfamenl— .\iiKu-I G. Whitcsidf, detashed senic linIed lr..r.-, Nels,.ii, reduced from sem.aTU .March 1.1: nans, to staff. .Mnrrav, lart-r. Stionir, John L. Talb..tt, Elijah, tlllricli, John. Smith, .\i.li..|as. Tope, GeolBC W. I'illiard, Ja -..b. Thackeniy, tt illiam. Wilson, Edward. Soiinoti, .lami-jf. Tliompsoii, James. Warnoek, Joseph. Sexton, haniel. Welirlieuo, Valentine, w..iiiide.l in little Feb. 2J. Walllc.-. liei.llle. Wal.l, Philip. }1. Im, William, reduee.l from ,...rp..ial March 1. Long, John, reduced from Sergeaiu .March 1. l,U^l...r.jol. Dains, William, disehargc.l Bnena \ista Mav :l.i: wounded Feb. -il. Kiinvnii, Courlland.ilisiharg.'d Bnena Vi.| T Mav 3U. Wliite, John xM., discharged llnena Vista .May M. Dirl. Leerninp. tieorgo, died >ray 8 at Camp Hiicna Vi Suiiiies, llirain. died of wounds received Wilcox, James .M., died at Parros; time i SECOND KEGIMENT ILLINOIS V01.S., -MEXICAN WAR. MISTER KOI.I. COMl'ASV K. a.j.(.aii«.— I.al an G. .Tones, resigned at Alt.oi, III. Hawkins s. I isvburn. resigned at laiiiii Croekelt, Texas. Thomas Armstrong, lesiirn.d at .Saltill... Mexico. C. L. S'arl.n.k, must, rcl „iil June Is, IslT. at lamargo, Jl.xieo. Fira lifiifeu.ui'.— Nalhal II liclh.,111. musld 0111 June l.s, IstT. at ( alimlg... Mex. Srcoi.. 1:11-.'. noist.'i.'.l Jim.' Is. 1S17, al Lainargo, Mex. SrrjMiiii.— Mustered out June Is. Ist7. al « ' .loar;.'.., M.xic.i. liavidson C. Moor.-. l:iel,ar.| II. Williams, .ler..ii„ II. W.-si, Gilford II. lia'.-g.ard. Onjoi-of..— Mnslc-reil out June Is, Isj:. a' ( aliiai!;... .M.-.xiei). John A. Faiiin. J..hii V. F..rd. J..I111 |i. ll..«laii.l. Eliiui G. Chappell. Priru/o.— .Mustereil out Juno IS. 1S47, at lalnar-o, Mi^xieo. Armsir..iig. I!. .Ik it W., Auileison. William 1'. Abcrnalhy, KolKut, killed at battle of liiiena Vista. Feb. Zl, 1847. Mustered out June is. ls47, at Caniargo, Mexico. Brown, Isaac M., Hmwn, William G., Bridges, William W. BoMland, Hani|itoli, ilie.l at (amp Crockell, Texas. Miislere.l out June IS, IS47, at Camargo, Mexico. Campbell, G. W . laiiii.t.k. .Saurl. Crawfor.l, Marsh , Crawford, Hamp. Capewll, J..s.-ph. .lis.haige.l (disabililv). Llelingei, William H., .lied at Sallill ., Mexico. Mustereil out June 18, 1817, at Caiiiar.go, Mexico. Haily, Hiram, Dry, .lolin M., iMy, Edmninl. Kitton, Siiinuel, discharged at Camp Crockett, Texa? (disability). Clustered out Juue 18, 1847, at Camargo, Me.xico. Fanin, William 1'., Foster, William A. 1 lischarged at Camp Crockett, Texas (disability). Glover, Itii'hard, Hamp, llosi^a. Hawkins, Marquis C, mustered out June 18, 1847, at Camargo, Mexico. Wounded in battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 2:t. 1847. Hoge, Marion Ii.. Hamilton, Ali'xaii.ler A. Humphries F.rdid G., mustered out June Is, ls47, at Camarg... Me.x. Hale, Jonathan K.. died at Camp Cnxkcit, Tex.as. Higgarsou, John 1"., died at Uueiia Vista, .Mexico. Mustered out June IS, 1817, at Camargo, Mexico. Hammaek, I-ewis, Johnson, William L. (of Uaudolph county, Mo.) Jones, Riley, died at Camji Crm-keil, Texas. Killed in the Kittle of liucna Vista, Feb. 23, 1817. Jones, Mansker, Jones, William. Kellev, Uriah U.. wounded in the battle of li la Vista. Feb. ja, 1SI7. Kimzey, Jonn, killed in the battle of Uueiia Vista, Feb. ii, 1847. JIustered out June 18, 1847, at Camargo. Mexico. Lynch, Adam W., I.vneh, David a. Leigh, George E., woiin.le.l in the battle ol Biiciia Visl;^ Feb. 23, IS17. Musterc.l out June IS. Isi7, at Camargo, Mexie.i. .Maline, K.lwin, .Marl.iw, William. Marlow, Ui.'liar.l, wounded in the battle ot Uiiena Vista, Feb. 21, 1847. Killed in the battle of Buena Vistm Feb. zi, lsl7. .Marlow, St Tliiig S., -Marlow, R .biuson. Mustered out June l.s, 1S47, at Camargo, Mexieo- Montagil.', Cave, Monlai-ii.'. G. T.. Neil, Win.. Hyatt. J. W. I'yatt, James, died from aecid ntal gunshot W'.iiud, San Anlunio, Tex. Mustered out, June IS, 1817, at Caniargo, Mexico. I'rit. hel, Levi, Pe tit, John V., Pettit, G .urge D. Must Id out June 18, 1847. Kohinson, I.arkiu L.i.if W.ish. e.i.i. Itobiiisnn, John (of Wash, co.) Kamse.v. Eli. inustere.l ..ut Jiin • Is, lsl7,.at CaluarKo, Me ' , .Na hi llaglalid Mar.illis, kill .1 Ihe.dau.l, J..hn l'.,»..ii SpouL-, liavi.l. .lie.l (.,( I'l'.l i Id i III.- I.: Ilh sles) i He .if Bile ml.' of llll.'lk Untie .,r Ilui 1 Vista Feb. i:. I«»7. », Feb. it, 1.117. sta, Feb.il, lsl7 Milt le.l out June 18, 1.'5I7, at Camario, Me .'Siewart. .bun.s. .Stewart, 1!. W., Tavlor, W. U., Terrv. Alfred, died at Pans, M.-xieo. Terry, Carter, died at Adtillo, .Mexico. Slilst-red out June is. 1S17, at (amarg.i, M.xieo. T.-ague, Joslina, West. Van 1! , Wilks. Ui. Iiar.l. Wilks.Jnhn (..f Jaks..ii .„. ,kill.-.l in baille liu.iia Vista. Feb. i!, -47 Wi|s,,„, U.,lH-rt, drown.-.l in .Mi-sissip|.i J!., six miles l.e|. - Wells.Gile.s, inusteiedoiit Jim.- Is, 1647, at Camargo, .Me , Hansel. ■ Natchel. THE WAR FOR THE UNION. The history of tliis bljoily c iiillict antetlates l)y many years actual recurrence to arras; and in the senate chamber and in the hall of representatives were enacted scenes nf moral warfare, no less noble in character or glorious in re- sults than those that afterward occurred in the ensanguineil field. Whether here or in the congress of the United iStates the contest was the same — a war for principle, justice and right. With subtile brains as the cliam]>iiiiis and opponents of the doctri le of St lie rights, and witli the institution of slavery in tL.. .tfoulh, hated by the North the cuutcst could not remain a moral one. Ttie fire.s of interiul dissension which had long been smouldering, burst into a flame. And history nowhere exhibits a nobler moral spectacle than that of a united North, with buried prejudices, moving as one man in defence of that union wLtse fcuriialit us, laid by wisilom's hand and sealed by jiatriots' blood, were destined eteiually to remain. The ytar l.'Still witnesied the elevation of Abra- ham Lincoln to the chief magistracy of the United States, and, on the 20lh day of Dcci'mber, the secession of South Carolina from the union, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas fullowcd in order the exam- ple of their bister State. The government of the Confederacy styled "The Confed- erate States of America," was formed February 4, ISGl, and Slonlgomery, Alabama, was chosen as the ])lace of ad- ministration. The seat of government was subsequently re- moved to Virginia, after the secession of that State. Upon the accession of President Lincoln JIarch 4,1861, he found the Union divided, and the country on the eve of civil war. No more trying lircumstances ever existed, than those that surrounded the new president; patriotism, cour- age and juiignu-nt were never more eminently displayed. With a dejik-t (1 treasury, empty ais,!iials and a sea tcred uavy, the prospect for the union seemed dark indeed ; but, the noble Lincoln, as by an insight more than human, boldly issued a call for troops and began the work of suppressing the rebellion The war opened with the tiring on Fort Sumter, ou the 208 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. morniug of Apiil 12, 1861. This insult to the uni.u flag, this daring act of open rebellion, sent a thrill of excitement through the whole land ; patriotic blood ran coursing through the veins, as it had never run before. Men of all classes left their occupations, and in response to the call of the president for troops for three months, seventy five thous- and volunteers were seen marching to the sound of martial music. The first blood . JU, l!fi;l. (ifriH-, Jli.lia.l, .h~. I.ariir.lac l'..il Holt, Ky., .Ian. 7, lni;2. ML-nTKli ROLL f'OMl'.VXV F. Mr.STER HOLL COMl'-VNY F. ,1 ami S„k.lil„tf y.vma.v— Fr..zziir.l. E.luHPl, mn-li-lvcl .,nt S..|.I. NINTH INFANTRY. {Three Years' Serrk,}. This was one of the six regiments organized at Springfield for three months' service. After the expiratiou of this term, on the 2(ith day of July, l.stil, it was mustered into United States' service for three years by Captain Pitcher. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, occupying a position where the most severe fighting took place. It lost '■>■'> men killed, 166 wounded, and 6 prisoners. At Shiloh, it played a gallant part, sustaining a loss, April 6th, of 61 kill(d,2^7 wounded, and two prisoners. It participated at the battle of Corinth, October 3d and 4th, losing 19 killed, 82 wounded, and 52 prisoners. Dec. 13, 1862, commenced a reconnoisance to Guntown, Tupelo, and Marietta, JMii-sissippi. It was mustered out of service July LUh, LSi'i5, at Lanesville, Kentucky. JIEN FROJt TERRY COUNTY. MusTLi'. r.oi.L c:ioir.\NY it. P/ i.,ito.— ri.nnr..nl, .Lise].]., Vet. tr. to c... C as Consolhtati.l .M O. .Inn,. 2\. ISW MFN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. MISTER F.OLL COMP.\NV I'. Se,;.,,.l lu-ulemt»t lifitr'nn H.ni v \-> t , M n, .1 nlv'i, ■.;,-. Will. M.M-I,l,.|ilii k,liiii.rx..\Mfj.2n,'i'.l A.l.ilulin- CriHliu-. I I Xuv. l:i, IsiU M 11. Vii u-t ■!», I.SM :.. 11. n. All iii.kir.lCi.r n-l -li\ 1S.14 iilhiu.U.'r.i Buavorsoil, Williiim W .liliii,: rh;,i I. -, .li- 1, IVIay 27, 1805, Belise William, ilical Mavll, ISM. .ii-,l,., W.ii h.^i i- S.Tiroaiit Borgamieu Baltliisar, died Mar. 4, ISili' Zunl.aiih II. iii v , \ .1 , M. 1 1. Si-pt. a, 'Go TENTH INFANTRY. {Three Years' Service}. This regiment was organized and mustered into United States service for three months, April 29, 1861, at Cairo, 111. It was composed of seven companies of infantry and three of artillery. It was mustered into service for three years, July 29, 1861, by Capt. T. G Pitcher, and remained at Cairo and Bird's Point during the winter, engaging, January ^^ii'l, in Grant's movemeut to the rear of Columbus. jNIarch 1st, HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MOXROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 209 assisted iu scattering Jeff. Thompson's guerillas at S3-kes- town, Mo. Ou the night of the 12th instant advanced with General Pope's army on New Madrid. The night of April 7th, intercepted the forces retreating from Island No. 10, causing the surrender, at Tiptouville, of Gen. Macall and 2,.j00 men. Was in the advance in all the movements re- sulting in the capture of Curiu'h and the pursuit of the enemy to Booneville. Reached Nashville September 12th, having lost five men killed by guerillas. liemained here during the blockade, and participated in the repulse of the enemy. Nov. 24th, supported Gen. Sherman's attack on the left of Mission Ridge, pursuing the retreating forces and capturing 20 of tlieir rear guard. Jan. 1, 180-1, re-enlisted as veterans under command of C(d. John Tillson. Jan oO, 180."), crossed the Salkahatchie at River's bridge. The crossing was difficult, and obstinately contested. The Third Brigade, to which the regiment was attached, being in the advance, lost 12.5 men. Dec. 0th, crossed South Edisto, at Binniker's bridge, and took the position of the enemy in flank, driving them from their entreM-■:• W., V.t-, si.-k at nuilta- .\u.l. J. Seliainilli..rn \ . I Mi' 1% 1 i ". n - _ i, T.-iin .lolni IiS.'lio.ilcri.li, n. 1 M ., II i,.j I,n ;■ I .:.r N , M. O. July 4 ISfij Saiimel F. .\ndei>..ii, .li^r n. i, :. i-i.j. Li\ ■ l\' \\ iMiatn C. M, disc. December ■ :i:!. I.sill, disability XnticMn. Maun J.jlin A., Vol., M. 0. July 4, ISO,',. Henrv Gousemnnn \et M O Ilv 4 'rji Montgomery Alieek, disc ; term exp llenrj oousemann,\ . t., .y. (J. Jlj 4, Oo M.mtr.n- J..hn, Vet., M. O. .lulv 4, 18';5 p,i,„^_ 1 M.-n:,r,[Arm..,nil|...V,.t,M n.-.Iy.lT,' " Ml- Arney Alex, Vet. CorpUickBeaufort,S.C .M.-c.-i k ii.i i-n n. I h-.- inn-i Adni-v Alfred, dis. Jan. 3, l8C3,to enlist M.-Kn \ .b.hii .ii-,- i. rm . xi.ir. .1 in .-Slis-s. Marine Brigade N,cli,,l..s l,aa. , r;i,.>l.-r..l ,.,i. ,1, Iv 4, 65 Agermeyer Pliilip, Vel.,M. O. July 4, P..rt.-rJam I89i (as KBgernieyer, Philip) Purt.s Ambi An.lers.in Jae.ib.Vet., M.O.July 4, 18C,i, Put,., Pi-iie as 1st Sergeant Pcnv, William C. BuniKart Charles, disc ; term expired Perk'ius H..rati.i, Vet., M. O. Julv 4, '0.', Brown James W., Vet., mustered out Pieket Heel, Vet ,mustereil .lut Jv4, 'liS July 4, 18CW, as Corporal , Rickets Beiiiamin, disc, term expired Brewer Tli..aias .1. Kiioy i>;>,rj.l;. di.-.l .biuiuirv I, 1h'-,2 Badekerl-i, , ■ ■ 1> ,V. l V. O. Jy. 4,'C5 .Steinirl ri,.,i,„,- I: . \ -t . i.uislnred out Brookin.\ ■ r '-^ \ . i Jnlv 4. |m.,, ,- -. ■ j. ml BradleyJ- 1'. I i >'. Jl, '02disblty Sniilf. 'I'li .in .- l \~i M . i .Ily. 4. '0.1 C.wbin J..I.I., I.. . .. ■Iin..|(;ity , Smid. Il.iu v . , \ . i , M. ■ . .liilv 4, 180J CharlesJ..l.i.A,.ii~. .1 . i.. ls,-G-J, disblty Smith iMvi.i, .li>.-. : terni expii-'ed Crawfonl Jaiiu-s H, .lis,-. .March 4, Wa San.lers .l.ihil K., Vet., killed at Rocky Carmoody Michael, accid.MitAliy killed ' Fa.-e Mt (ia Mayo 18.'-,4 Sept. ;!il, I8il:i Shrewsbury M.i.se.s A., absent on de- Crisler (Jeorge W., Vet., mustered out tached service at M. O. of liegt July 4, 18l», as Sergeant i Shrewsbury Samuel, Vet., died at Jef- Craig, J.iseph ; fersonville. Ind Craig, William ' Tatfe Peter, Vet., killed at Bentonville, Clitf..i.l luMiiinebam, .[,•:(•.■. term exp N. C, March 21, IsGi Crili.ii .. -1 I I :. 1 ,\.i. Ii. .lofwounds , Uhlers George W., disc: term expired "■ - 'I ' '■ ' Wntt J..hn <:., .lisi-.Fet)T,l»02:.lisal.ltv Ii> 1-'. M .1. July4,'C5 , Witcraft Wm. H., Vet, M. O. Julv 4 '1,5 Ii.iul.ii I .III -- I.-. I .:. .., 1803 West George W., die.l at Moun.lCitv Kmers.jii Kih rt ,s , \ ,■[ Williams Columbus, died Feb. 1, 1862 Emerson Ldward R., Vet., M. 0. Jy 4, '03 Wollseii William, disc; term expired 27 Biirk- William, disc October I, 1802 . McDonough .lames, M. o. Julv 4. 1805 B.-L'L-:iiii..iiSimon. mustered out Jy4,'0o Malney Franklin, M. t). .May ilo, laiii August, .killed July 18 at | Pi.-ket J..liii»o , died April 17, 1804, at R.I -ill.-. istered out 1 (Juilmiier Willii Uiirige Henrv, mils I July 4, '05 Spigl.-s Fritz, kilu lime 21, '0.S ' .lune-2-l, 1804 Ke Mt. av20, isr.4;disablty ""-■■'- I i"i. .1 ..ill jiiiv 1, .... H . ir \v iih .,.,, \ . 1 , .11, 'd of wounds Kt Hii.-i.i - M... ... i.,| ,..;! ,I„K I i,, K ... ..., M, ,h,,„..J7, 1804 biil.'li Ii .ii i .ii Ii .■] ii l; i--. i'l. ... , W .;.i I: i|i. ... i. .|-I..r,.,lout Julv4.'()i ■M..I1 i- .1 ..'.ii. I'i 1- ..1..1 -lii. .- \..i J .. i.l W .,;, ,, W illi.i,,, - , .M O. July 4, 180.5 M..rrisSi.i,m,-H-,, niust..ie,l..iil .ly.l.'i,:, W.t,.! .I,.s..pli, .lle.l .lauuiiry 12, 1805 at .MillerClmrlcs W., mustered out Jy.4,'0j I ^avall^all, Ua TWELFTH INFANTRY. ( Three Yeirs Scrvim. ) This regiment was mustered into service for three years, August 1st, 18G1. It was organized at Cairo, where it re- mained until Septemb.'r .ath, IjOl, when with Ninth Illinois Infantry, it moved up to and occupied Paducah, where it remained until February Sth, 1802. With the Ninth and Forty-first it formed McArthur's Brigade that fought so bravely on the 15th of February at Fort Donelson. It took part iu the battle of Shiloh, and fought nearly the entire two days. It also assisted in the siege of Corinth, which be- .gau April S.'Stli, 1S02. In the battle of that place, October .'!d and 4th, it playeil a gallant part, losing in killed, wounded and missing, one huiulrej and twelve men. From this time forward till January 10th, 1864, the regiment was occupied with miscellaneous duties. At that date its members re-enlisted as veteran volunteers. The fir.-t engagement the ngiment pirticipated in was Lays's Ferry and Rome Ooss Roads, loth, 14th and 13th of May. On the 27 ih of that month it assisted in rejiulsing a heavy night attack on Dallas. In the battle of Bald Knob and Decatur, July 22d, it lost thirty-five or forty men iu killed and wounded. During the month of August it was closely engaged in the siege of Atlanta, losing some forty men. October 5th it engaged in the battle of Allatoona, losing fifty-seven men in kille I an. I wo'jnded out of one hundred and sixty-one that carried muskets into the fight. Oa the 11th of November it started on the memorable " march to the sea." From January 10th, 18G5, to March 24th it accomplished a distance of six hundred miles, leav- ing Atlanta on the former, and arriving at Goldsboro, North Carolina on the latter date. It was mustered out of service at Louisville, Kentucky, July lOih, 1865. TWELFTH INFANTRY REGIMENT. ( Thre-e Years' Service.) MUSTEK KOLL C0.MPAN1' R. P, ivaU.- Anderson, Thoma-s S. MEN PROM PERRY COUNTY. , Resigned June 10, 18C2, Re-entered ser- MUSTEK KOLL, COMl-AXV F. Mustered out, July 10, 1805. flfcmite— Hecslcy, William Hony, Daniel Miller, Frederick MUSTEK KOLL CO.Ml'ASV G. Captains— Guv C, Ward, died Oct. 4, 180-2. William Shannon, declines. Lost an arm. Canceled. Robert G. Thompson, mustered out July 10, 18C.5. /irsl Lieuftnaa s— John Hall, promoteil Capt. 4tll V. S. Heavy Art. John Patterson, mustered out July 10, 1805. Stcond Lieutenants— }ohn F. Watkins, resigneil Sept. 10, 1802. Ja.son J. Sanburn, term expired Aug. 1, 1804. .Serjca«(5— Norton W. Campbell. Robert Q. Thompson, veteran, promoted Sorgt., then 1st Lieut. Frank W' Campball, mustered out Aug. 1, 18C4. CurporaU — John Thornwell, discharged Jan. 1!), t8o;j. William H. Hicks, died Oct. 4, 1802. Wounds. 210 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. I>!\fav nlti IVl.f.rn mn CillllS 11. \V"l 1 Willii ;. l.i" ii. M out Auk- 1,1864. ■ \ (.ut Allh'. 1, 1*14. , 1, imil Tho > Eii.li .1,1 .UlK. 1, IW.l. . Miintli (U-t. ;i, 1862. .linif i;ri,l«l>2. Wounds. .J M.Br. Petfi- Ck-iii.v, kllk>l lU bliileli .April 6, 18112. M«ida«— Augustus Price, died July U,lsfi2. Miilctim Staubouse, Jr., vet., killed at Atlanta ,7uly 22, 18W. Wnjouer— Abr.'xiiaiii Stiiuvbi idge, vet , mustered out July 10, ISOJ. Pli«al£»- Andrea?, Alfred T.. pn.m..tedCom. Sergt. M. Ambrose. Levi P.,killeil al Corinth Oel. 4, 186i liroun .I•.lnle^^ t'.. dis.b;o L-eil .Ittll. lO.lSUa. n li.r, N.in Feb. 15,1862. Baelin. BluU, II. \V. ily21,1800. Pris. War. Ml .liily 10, 1SC5. iiVisMi', Ullli.uii, kill.. I .It .MLiotaJuly :i2, 18C1. Bovle lliiuli v t ,li-.li;ot;.,l .May 14,1804. Wonnds. follin'r- Ml. l,".„l. kill. ih,t Slii!..li April r.,18C2. Child.-.l 111 iM"plieil.',.ii..liioi.'ed July 10, 1862. Campbell, Haiuian ' " - y, Vincent H l)u , SiK eneb, Uieli; Holennil.. P.. I Herb.ii. Will d, V t Aug. 1,1804. isl.i.a ..lu .Inly 10,1805. vat.. Ml . mustered out July 10,1805, as Sergt. ,m~t, v.-.l out .lulv 10, 180,% as Sergt. 1 IIII1-1..1-...I nut .lulv 10, lS0.'i,as tjorporal. L,'!l. .1 ;.t .\tlillilii.lury22, 1804, -I.., ...I ..111 July 10, l»o;i, as Corporal. .,1 s..i,t , ls02. Hood, Samuel .1., mustered out July 10, 1865. Healey, John S_ mustered out May 11, 1865. s,Jobn, died April 24, 1804. Kennedy, James, 'disehargert Feb. 15, 1803. •d'y, Lawrence, diseliai ,rged Oct. 11,1862. Wounds, eiiy', Patrick, d'ied April 28, 1802. Ltinzee, tJharles F. Letler, Thomas, discharged Sept. 14, 1802. Martin, Cliavles, mnstered out Aug. 1, 1804. Milem. Jessie, vet. McCarlv, Dennia. MeConnell, Brian, liisrharged Jan.. \1863. . , . , , ,^, >IeDoii..iii:li 1.1 M. I .11.11, Alexander, mustered out Aug.l,l81i4. McAIill.n .I'lii- - n ...I Dec. 8, 1801. HIcMill. ii' K..I . . . -Iiiloh, April 6. 1803. Meliuii. F.l" v: I I ' - I .\pril 28. 1802. Disability. McLav .l'..hii kill. .1 ..1 ' . iiiiiliOct.3,1864. Me Lay! Willi. on. .Ii- h.n f. I loly 5,1803. Disability. Nailer.'ll.iiiv, 111I1-1..1...I ..Mt .Vug. 1,1864. Neelei, .l..liri II , .li. .1 'olN 21. 1803. Ols. Par-.. 11- 1 ' 1 Putl.'i-. .. I '. Park..!, I . M l: Quillui.ui.r. 1. 1 lJuine,Jolui..ii Kichmond, Mill Koe, Robert! , Boe, rlo.rl..- II Rnviii..,..!. I. . Rid. 11. .. , ' : I Sterling, .loliu K., miisl. i. ,1 . Swaffonl, James, vet , kill. .1 : 8milb,J..s..i.li,M-t.. kilL.l :o lo 1802. Wounds. 1 i.il\- 10, 1805. . :,. s.rgt. {i.„.'lo, 1804. Wounds, uged July 31,1802. Wc .111 lulv 2,<.1.m;4. , .lulv 2^.1S1j4. .1 il li. 1.S02. ii;. •.;:., 1804. Thomas, Will Thomas, Dav Weaver, Henry F. . Int'l. Todd. John. ;. I. .1 ..ut July in, 1805,as Sergt. 1 \it '. 21, 1802. Wounds, nd out May 31,1805. . Vug. 1,1805. 1 lis, 1804. .1 uui May 31, 1865. Weeks.'Hcni-y, vet., killed at Allntoonn.Oct. 5,1804. Welgamood, George, mustered out Aug. 1, 1804. While, Price B., musli-red ..ut luly 1", 1805. Wright, .John, ilu-i. i. i '. Willmans, ii.l. I 1 .1 i . Wanzer, Jam. - i i . - Ward.F.b.-u.... . '■■ ■! . 214, 1»14, I II. 1802. Ill 0, 1802. -ifi. u. s.f. r. d out July 10, 1805. iiided at Corinth, supposed dead. 1 S,.pt 28, 1804. Wounds. 1 1. ,1 ..III July 10,1805. .' .1 ' tl\- 10, 1805,as Corpl. , 1. I. :i 111 July 10, 1805. ii.. 1 ...11 July 10,1805. «iii 1. 1 i.,..ner, mustered out July 13, J8C5. Treleaven, John, corporal, muslered out Sept. 14, 1805. Vnaaignid Becmiis-Camphell John, mustered out July 18, 1805. JEecmifo— Bighu Chilli Hill, Hunt Stanli Sniilb, Wil Dunn, William. Davis, John. FOURTEENTH INFANTRY. {Three Years' Service.) The regiment was first called into State service for thirty days under the " Ten Eegiment Bill," and was mustered into service May -ith, 1861. On the 2.5th of the same month it was mustered into the United States service for 3 years by Capt. Pitcher. After an honorable term of service it was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, September 16, 1865, and received final payment at Springfield, September 22, 1865. MUSTEU ROLL CO.MPANY G. OTpomk — John Kelley, mustered out, Sept. 16, 1805. JViuatfa— Baven, George G.. mustered out, Sept. 10, 1805, as Corpl. Chapman, Wm.H. Johnson, Harmnn. Kirtner, David H., discharged July nth, 186.5. Dis.-ibility. Noel, Jackson. Oilman, George, mustertd out Sept. 10,1865. Bauds, John H. MUSTEK ROLL COMPANY U. Pi-ii..i/c»~Sno\v, Corydon, P. M. O., March 8, 1805 for promotion as 1st Lieut. mustered out Sept. 10, lso.». EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY {Three Years' Servire ) The Eighteenth Infantry Illinois Volunteers was orga- nized under the Ten-Regiment act, at Anna, Illinois, and mustered into State service for thirty days, by Captain U. S. Grant, May 16th, 1861. It was mustered into the United States service May 28th, 18 1. It participated in the three days' battle at Fort Donelson, losing fifty men killed and one hundred and fifty wounded. April 6th and 7th it was en- gaged at Shiloh, and there acquitted itself with great brave- ry. It was present at the siege of Corinth. After these bat- tles Companies H and C were so reduced in numbers that they were consolidated with the remainder of the regiment, and in the fall of 1862 two new companies were raised at Carbondale, by Captain A. Connor. December, 1863, the regiment began service in the dejiartraeut of Arkansas, com- manded by Major General F. Steele, being stationed prin- cipally at Pine Blufi', Duvall's Bluff and Little Eock, and was engaged in numerous campaigns and expeditions. It was mustered out of service, December IGth, 1865, at Little Rock, Arkansas. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. Ml'STER ROLL COMr,\SY .^. Oi/itii'i.— Paul T I.n. » i.roi .\|. ires 1804. Coruoruf.— Levi M i- Imrgcd May 8, 1802. Wah.i I . nlid at Shiloh. John I 1 1,-, barged June 18,1802. Wounds. Privn^fs— Cochran. I .. .^.| Kirkw I W ill'ini. .ii.-.niiii-.li in.isi,.'. Woiind.s. Little S.i l..l,..-l..iL.. .1 N..V ;. IM.J. Wounds. Tinkl.T, Ki.'.l. ink W il.l.i man. i liaili's. Wineli..st..r, \ .1.. kill. ..I at \|. .in|. Ins .liui. 24, 180.3. EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY REGIMENT— (REORGANIZED.) {Three Years' Service.) Snrgeom—EUe} F. Henderson, declined. Commission canceled. MUSTER ROLL COJIPASY A. Pri.af,»-Barrow, Flavins J., Transf. from Co. C., mustered out Jul.v 8th, 1865. Killian William F., transf. from Co. C, mustered out July 8th, 1865. Stone, fmby C, transf. from Co. C, mustered out Jul.y M'. }>"'•■•■ Stone, William H., transf. from Co. C, mustered out July 8th, l»6i.. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY B. P.-i™(<..— Longhery, William G., mustered out Dec. 10, 1805. iie<:ruib-—Hogskiss', George, mustered out Dec. 10, 18t5. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY F. PriValc— Eichell, Henry. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. Prirale— Hammer, Leander P., mustered out Dec. 16, 1805. MEN FROM PERRY COUNTY. NON COM.MISSIONED STAFF. Pfinniiiil Musician.— Vi'm. McPherson, mustered out Dec. 10th, 1865 MU.STER ROLL, COMF.\NY B. First iimt'iKin;.— Alfred W. Wright, mustered out Dec. 16th, 1865 Corm^nh -George Morris, mustered out Dec. loth, 1805 as Pvt i>rraT« -Golden, George, died at Little Bock, Oct. 13, 1«65 y, ivam. 'I^^^fj^-j.^^ t i, _ di,.,, „j ijttie Rock, Aug. 20, 1865 Thompson. William T., died at Little Rock, May 14, 1805 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY C. PriDalCT.— McDonald, Angus, mustered out Dec. 16th, 1865 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY D. Privote -Cheney, Nelson W., mustered out Dec^ 10th 1865 Currant, Georga, mustered out Dec 16th 1805 Howaid, William W., mustered out Dec. loth, 1805 Ley, William, absent sick ot M. O. of Regt MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY B. Prita(e.— Beard, Anton P. G., mustered out March 15th, 1866. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 211 TH[RTIET1I INFANTRY. — MEN FROM PERRY COUNTY. {Three Years' Service.) MISTEK KOI.I., COMPANY E. Bftruit.—StiMan, I),ivi.l H., dio.l ilt AlUnta, Ga,, Nov. 8th, 1804 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANV H. V 'pliii MUSTER ROLL, COMI'ASV A. PS llftirH, resiKiied November ifTth, 18iil. James S. (.-niii:, kill.-.l in hadle. First i.riife.ja.i/.— Alex;., i.r M. Hr .iv.i, ilieil February Cth, 18a Second Ltmln'inl — \Uu m '. K. I-.,, resigned Aug. ;jlst, ISiii AVyeanta-.— Willi. irii II W. -'., \. : . t;ill J . 1.1 s r I,,,,, 1 I li. June 22J, 18a2; disability J.ihii Kirk" i ■ I. Ii" I M.ir, I th, 18m,- wouuds Co porn/j.— liilb.rl H. KKiiu 1^ .lie.i Aug. *ilh, Isiil .S iinu -I 1". Anii-ii- Ml'.', killed, Ft. 1) )nel9on, Feb I.Hh, 1852 Nat ■■Hu ,s. Weeka, l(ill.-.l. Ft. Uonelsou Feb. 15, ISlii S I u 1 I B. I. -^Iie, .lied :? -pt. jtn, U'^ Miu'ehii. — Francis Yeariau Prieatca. — Ayer, .\ndrew. Bonus, Thomas, Vet, Tr. to Co. B as re-organiicd. n.ilUri.i,-.-, .I.>se|)h •d. Ft, Dunelson, F,-b. 15th, 18C2 ch. .Mav 8th, 180-2; disability — Brnvn, Henry S. \[r- ,■-.'■ H-.l: ll-al.ilitv !'■■■ ■ - < I'-^.'.ility Carson, .Sil..-, i - ii. I' . i :... I' ■ l . ili-..^ility C«ri;.in, J.isp.T, V.-t. Tr toi-., H ;.. r.-.rn.mueil, M. 0. Dec. IGth as 1st Sergeant Cliappal, John I'ro. S.-rnt Davis, William A., killed at Clifton, Tenn., .Ian. 2d, 18r,3 Kale, Jam 's Vet. tr. to Co. B as re-organized. Died at Pine Bluff, Ark., Nov. I7th, 18M Elliott, Hiram B., Vet., tr. t.i McKuight, Samuel, killed at Ft. Dinelson. Feb. lith, 18G2 Kamsay, Nathan, diseh. .M.ay 15th, 18G2; disability Rial, Ja Steel, Willi! vrus J., died at Anna, III., Julv 121 h, 1801 's, Thoma-. E., killed at Ft. Donelsoii, Feb. 15th, 18G-2. Wheatelv, Mir.leMi, Jr. Wright Nathaniel A. Whitaker, Jamjs Vet tr. to Co. B as re-oi-ga lized M. O. Djc. 16, I8G5 Y ..ung, Absaluni M , died Feb. 18th, 18G2: wounds iii««.— Bartlesiin, William, tr. to Co. B as re-nrgantzed M. O. July 7th, 1854 lin.wii, Henrv, iliseh. Julv lid, ISCl : disability Dii-u, Amu-tiw, tr. to Co. B as re.i.rganized M. 0. Julv 7th, 18G1 Gladson, lo.biia L. Gordon, William G. Neal, John N. Tayl.ir. William H. H. Tnompson, William F., V.-t. tr. to Co. B as re-organized. Died at Little K.>ck, Ark., May 14th, 18G4 MUSTER ROLL, COMPAXY D. 1, George, tr. to Co. B as re-organized M. 0. Dec. IGth, lar..'; Rensche, Frank A., tr. to Co. B D.!pt. 18.i5 -Page, Jerome, tr. to Co. H as re-orgaaized M. O. July 7th, 18G4 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY E. -B'.ak', William H., tr. t)C>. B a. re-.r^iniz.d M. O. July 4th, isr,4 Pr--- .*.,.id. Cullin, tr. to Co. B as r.>-i.ri:a'iize,i M. i). Julv 7th, 1304 Kii— II, Wm., tr. to Co. B as consolidal.-.i M. n. .lulv -th'. 1804 Wnt'l.t, Alfred W.,Vt. pro. Isl Lielll. ~..nsoli,lal.-.l M. O. Dec. ICth, l.Mw Wright, William, disch. Mav 18th, IHM; wounds re-organized pro. 2d Lieut M. 0. MUSTER ROLL, COMPAXY F. Barnil— Williams, Milton, tr. to Co. C as consolidated M. O. Dec. IGth, 1865 Vctrran. — Sharp, John, tr. to Co. C as co O. Dec. 10th, 18J5 nsoliduted pro. Principal Musician M. F.r«l LieulenM S*rgftHl. — Fl:i tbrprti-.il. —ii I 3f.«i<-i.l.u,-M l>.-tcu4i«.— Gill .1 ir MUSTER ROLL. COMPAXY I. iilan, resigned Julv Ist, 18G1 I 1 ison, disch Djc.iuth 1802; disability IGth, 186J MI- M ■' ,11 V John Brundage, died at Little Rock Dec. rid, 18G.1 . . .1 . \ ,1. woun.led at Ft. 1) inelson tr. to Co. C as consolida- e.i .\l. I', 1 loth, 18I-.5 Uarbaugh, Cornelius, Vet. tr. to Co. C as e..iisi.li.l,u.-.l Harill, Thomas McCullogh. i;re.-n IS, V.-t.tr. to C'o. C as consolidated died at Lit- tle Rock, Ark. Aiis. LItb, 1805 Olden, John Pinnegar, H. J., Vet. Ir. to Co. C as consoli lated M. O. De Sharp, Tlnmias, .lisoh April :toth, 18J3; disability Sloan, J.N. Sheph-Tj, James F. Shepherd, William P. fi.-£ruit.— Mago, Jesse, disch. Jan. -2!lth, 180;} MUSTER ROLL, COMPAXY K. iWo4i, 1862 . killed at Fa died at Bird's . to 1st III. Cav July 2.'., 18G1 Robert C. Mann, died Oct. 2, 18G3i wounds July 7, 1804, as Ge'irge W. Saylor, Wdliam J. Ammour, trans, to 1st 111 Cav. Julv -r., 1801 ,, , „ , James U. Couch, M.O. July 7, l»Gl,.is lou.-li H.>1 Serg Zachariah Wright, tin Ridgi Crawfoi B. 4-2, M. Coiuinn, James Cecil Pins 1!. J., .lied at Padu.ali, Kv., I.-., 1802 eii.l.-u Fl .!/«•; M 111 .. E, 51. . M. O. Julv 7. 1S64 ,-.-l. ll-Aiis. t.'. 1-2.1 111. as l..ipl. Ibis. War Will.iini inil.-l. .lise William, .: 212 HISTORY OF RANDOLFH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Dean John, d Eder Joliu A., 18U2 EUminston Robert, M. O. .Inly 7, l«r.4 liatea Charles, Vet. trans. iM III.,M. O. Dec. li;, l«ii.i Gadbois, Joseph Haley Charles H .died in Andersonville Sept. 30, 18W. No. of grave Ha" ' Ha .loll) William.- William, died in Anderson- ville Sept. Ill, Ihlit. No. of grave, 8,:ilU Wright I.«nac N., disc. July 1:1, 181iJ Wooley George, liisc. Dec. 14, I8lj2 Wiltshire Walter J., disc. Jan. 16, 186'2 Recruits. Allen Nathaniel P., died March lo.isra ; wounds Bart"ls Peter, with Vet. dct. 22 111. 4 Havvkllrno.I, M. O. Jilly7,18G4 cli: Heiidtrson Beechvr B., died at Farm ington, Miss., July 20, IsiiJ. Hleff; John " r h 11 Henson Hermann D. A., M. O. Jy 7, '04 .In,,., l. Ireland John J., di.se. Jan. ic, 18G2 I ItmtL'lM-^ Jones John R. S., died ai Bird's Point Feb. 14, 1«62 Jaclvober Rudolph, disc. March in, 1804 Kettel Chiules, M. (1, Jnlv 7. 1864 Livelv Hi. l.-i..! K , V.>t. ifans. to 42 111. Langh.il . V.I.I' II .il utBird's Point, .li . to 4Jd 111.. M. 0. i.iral 42.1 111, M I>|„lL■lH-^,-:,l^.|.•l B., t (). .lour 17, I6i..i Dailv James, Daily Charle 111, 1SI-.5 Gli..t.r Louis H , trans, to 42 111., M. O. Mo 111. , M. O. Apr. 7,'fi.'i; pris wa McK., Ill II 1 :|il , died at Big Sprniu- .liri. J.i. l.M.j Miison, .lohii E. Ii.li.ii.l Will) mi Henry H., with Vet. K III! , 1 1 ill killed at Chickamauga Montrov John, trans, to V. Ti. fi. McHonVv .Fames, M. 0. April 20, 1»C5, 1 1 ^ ^l . .lisc. June7, 1802 Pris. War Mill 1- M . 1. 1, with Vet. det. 22 III. McDonal.l Andrew J., disc. Jnlv 13, '6 ■ 4 A, 1 ■. Newman William, died January 10, 186.! Mnrlen Richard B S.,died .at Farming- wo,mds t..n, Mass., Julv Hi, '02 Nairell Gu^tav, trans, to 1st III. Cav. Presslv Robert, trans, to 42 111., missing Nov. 1, I«i;i ill -..'ri. •, l:;Iv 111. '04 Parlis Arthur B , .li-.\ June Is, lsf,:l r, ■ . I; ' t M. trans, to 42 III., Pres.^ley lieuKc-n L.kill...! ai..i.l,ul. 1 - IS114 : wounds allv at Ch.-xiiiiii'. r-' •'■ t. li. 1m,.i 1', 1 - , , 1. 1 W., tr.to42Ill.,M. 0. Poornmo An^.'l K , .lit-.l ul wounj.s Uc:t. 1 , . 1 ,. 1 .. 23, l»i.:i 1 . , 1; i II 1 .hsc. April 23,1803 Reynol.l. s U nlt.-i , Use. Oct. 3, 1863 1: , 1 1 - T.. with Vet. delaeh- SulliiHii .I..I11. 11 . M 0, July 7, lKli4 1 . ■,■ . li 1 .\. C. Sieglil...i I'Miinniil M , trans, toV.R.C, >i, \ 1 ■ . ■ - Scott Ni.iiii.iii.l, M •< ,liiK 7, lMi4 ,-h III \i il i , ri ,11s, to Co. I, 42d III.,M. Swan .I..I111 1' ,.ii-. >. pt J, Iv. J 1 1 1),., ll. Is.,', Shafer ,l.ili:i li , M " .luU 7, 1m4 Si-.i-.i:!, u'llliHiu H,.with Vet. det, 22 Sanders . 1,1,11. , u , .li^,. -,.,,, ',, isr.i III .4 \ r Schwartz Kiuil. .li..l at Chattanooga Tinn.T Williniii B. died at Murtrees- June 4. IMil l.,.ri. .Ilaich 21, 1803 Thorn .I..I.1. B, :M i i. Julv 7, 18r,4 Turner Hi.iiard M., with Vet. det. 22d White 1 ah 111 1',, 51. 1 1. Julv 7, 1864 111, 4 A. I-. Walter Louis, disc. Dec. 1, 1802 Williams Andrew T., disc. Apr. 27, 1803 MUSTEK EOl L COJirASY I. CnpdMiis,— John A. Deitricli, resit-neiT J larrh ll.lsi-i2. Milton .\. Fi.-nrl,, ,lj, ,1 ,.| ,. i;ii ;- ■;. 1 ■.•iiii..'i :7.isG3. Sauiuel H. 11 i. Li ' . 1 ' ,' "1-1 riV8(Iini((iiioi(i.— Hiit'h < M.I.I -, isr.2. Willuuii 1- \i ,1. ' 1- 1 ■ 7, 180,1, Serowl Lieiile 1 -1: 1 . -HI ::. . i iiilier 14,1801. firxl S. 11 |"i 111. I.Hr.3. J^-iBuies.— All.-i. 1 I-. -. ■ .. .■■• 1 . .■ . 1 ■ ls.i4; leiiampulated. Ahm |.. 1 1 .. ■ ; •1,1. M . h 20,1304; disability. Boom,. 1 •. ■; ilv 7,1804. liovil, !■. . . ■ 1 1 Isrl, Brn«.i n ,, .. r, . II 1 ■ 1 M...I September 25, 1803. Br..>M,' ,.1 ■'-.■. :. . ■ 1 T. ; .' 1 Bum- . . 1 ■1 . IS. Cavalry. Br.mi. 1. . 11. : 1 . 1,1 ;. .1 .,1 Ill 1. n , ,_. , - ;.t,..mber 19, 1805. Baseoiii. HeliK, ii,u-I..i...i .. I .liii\ 7, l,s.i4. ColTal, John, disoliarged to e ilist ill 4 U.S. Cavalry. Cair, Patrick. Carson, Gideon K , mnsfered out Julv 7. 1804. Cinilt."'. l!.-.li-rt ,■.:,, ,i.i..l..i-...l .lit .Ii,lv7, 1804. Coiili - 1: 11.11- 1 .Ill .lull 7,1804. Dou^:.. 1 . • .11 y.i- .1 ■ ■'1. 1 1. IS02. Ml '1 11. 1803; wonnds. Foil"'- \i. , 1 1 iimry 18, bSiiS: prisoner of war. G.i.l.li.i'l, .l.iM.' ■ II . 1 11 1 -■■ 1, to accept pos. as eont. surgeon Gil..s..,i. M..XH . ..1 : s I ..n detached service. Grav, Willroi , II-. I ,■ - .1 : 1. i-, Gali"^l:l^. .I'lim m i-nn 1 .•■.: lnl. 7, ISG4. Gibbons, Benjainiii F , killf.l ;il riiickam.anga September 10,1803. Humphries, William, died at Buds Point. Higgerson, James H. died at Bird's Point August 2."i, isr.l. Jouinegau, Martin, dis. May II, 1862, for wounds received at Ft ington, Miss- Kaley, James, mustered out July 7, 1804, Lynch, John. Lennox, John. LafTerty, David S., mustered out .Fuly 7, 1S«4. Lart- Lu.'k..^ Lewi-. M.-Huriii McEl.lrv Neil, Jan W,iii>- \..ril ■••t, isiii, fi.r n..iin.ls r I at Stone Rii .1. .1 I. Ill .III!-, 7, 1,S04, '.I . r liilv 7.1864. ';i 1' I .niber 31, 1802. I .1 !■. \ R C. I 11. Ill I 1:. Twelfth Illinois Infantry. llsrl,:u^■.■,l u.-oiher 18, 1804. edout July 7, 1864. Neil, James S., mustered out July 7, 1804. P.Tris, .lames c, discharged August 29, 1863; disability. Iliipp. 1 1, I liiules, mustered out July 7, 1804. ^-k. 1'. ». I'. 1.1. >,i,l,i 1 i, \ii-tin,mnsteredout July 7, 1864. ^ ... . i.\ , !■. I I V 1' , diseliargeil Julv In. 1802; disability. 1. ! i\,: ,11 11. 1 .,1 r. 11 - I' I.I - 'i.tember lo, 1801. Ill I .1,1 1 , M <-i. Deo. 10, 1805, as Corporal. w .■ . I. 1 -. I ll 11 ■ . -.1 .1 . :, IK64. \\. ■ \.i II- .., \i .• ii-i. .. I . • i . ". is.14. \s I-.. .1,1 hi I 1 . \ . I I) I. 1 . r ^1 'I 1 - . Ih, 'fi.'.. .'I- I"'. ■! ill. ; wounded M . \\ 1 .M , 1 . iiiis, killed at Stone River December 31, 1862. M 1 I I 1, died at Murfrecsboro.Tenn., March 14, 1863. K .--, \Mlli..iii .1,, killed at Stone River December 31,1862, Ti.n is, Bill D, T , trans, from Co. E, 12 III., mustered out July 7, 1864. Welch, William, trans, to 42 III. Infantiv, mustered out Dec 16, 1865. Uitasaimeil i?ariii(s,- Conrad, .Michael, Mann, William B,, tr, to 4i III. Inf., M. O. December 16, 1805^ MEN FROM MONROE COUNTY. J/.yur— George Abbott, honorably discharged on account of wounds. May 7,1803 NON-COMMISSIONED ST.\FF. Principal Musician — Vincent Stienier. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY E. JVi«,.( L.r . .-'.• i' ■ I '-I '- ll '. . I . ' . . 'I'l "■.■ n'll .Inly T,1SG4, First Se'-.j. . i -. . I'll' _. I 1. _ ,1' r 1 ;, 1S..J, liisability, iiei'iycun Gfoif.. 1; Carh I.'. \ Corjjwals— Heiin I Chai I - Williiiii John I. Chrisii J,lcoli II Fre.l. I Slasiciana — Brim.. - Will ill 1 1 W'lgoiw} — Chail' - 1 . of Regt. . N..V. 7. 1861, . 1, lsi-2, wounds, J. uounds. 7 , I si74, as 1st sergeant. -Ill, 77, 1802. Pn -Ada Bollet, 1|. . Behieii.l-, Bott. .I...iiii Benkcr, Fi k\ , at m. o. of regt. It JUIV7. 1804. vet., irans. to Co. F. 42 III inny.,n li' 17. 1S02. disability. ■ I ly 7,1804. I I at m. o. of regt. 1 Mistered out Dec. 16, 1865. Bock, Boe, 1 Bohiii Henkl.r. 1. Hetzh.'t.r, 1 Henslii.ii. n Kellc K 1-011 Liel.f .1 M ' . N"i 7, l.siil. .1 .1 -■ 111.. KiMT riec. 31,1862. . I. I I- Ml-- Kidge Nov. 25,1803. I 1 ' I 1-' J, .hs.ll'illt.V. I 1,1 I ll. 7, 1804. as corporal. . iiil.v 7, 1804. ■ I • .liiiv7, 1804, as sergeant. ..Ill .lllh 7, l.sOl. h.im.'.l .M.ir. .J, ISOJ, wounds. .1 liiK III. isiv:, .lisabilitv. _' i >l,ir l.\ lsi.:i, ■ liilv 7. Isiil, ■ lillv 7. 1S1-.4. . al.isent sick at m. o. of regt. - .pt, 1!), I80:). M... Xov. 7, 1801. , , ii.t. 14, ISOl. V 7. 1S1.4. noiul, Va., at m. o. of regt. HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 213 Rei(;«-lm.>ior. Willmm. ilisi-lwrg.'d to pnlist in 4 V. 8. Cbv. f-v>llr].-.l. I'.Mnii.l, iliril iVt. 7, lsi,:l, wounds. S.lieil..l. (-Ill i>tiiui, inii^t.'iv.l ..iit .Iiilv 7, lsr.4. .■^.Iinifc/.. .M;.iliui., niu-l,M.-.l out .liilv'7, im.i. t;.!, nil. It. .lii> ,.!,. kill,-.l ill K.li.H.iii, Si,:. Nmv.7, isr.l. S.-lin,i.|.. I',-1.M. .ini-t.T-.l oul .liilv 7, l.v .4. M.. 11^ !■ .. . 1.. I in Mi--i--'ii.|.l riviT July 11, ISGl. M,. :- - ,-!,•, ,1 ,.,ii .liiiv 7. ISG4. J- ill I I I. il ,.iil.luly7. 1804. M I ,11 111 I'l.iiiil, Mil., Nov. 7, 1801. Ml I I : iiii-li 1. .1 ..in .lulv", ISiil. Sl..ll..l....Iiii, inil-l,||.-.i ...11 .lulv 7, \>IA.' SrliulU'ir.^. .\'liuii. i.ris.-uor ol uiir at Kiclunond, Va., at m. o. of regt. Ts.liincii. J.ihu, ilis,.|iiirif.| ( l -t li., 1S(.1, disability. \..llc. J..-i-|.li, ill, ..I 111 Si. (lair C.I., 111., Nov. 21, liol. v.. Hi. Anil. 11, 111.1. l.-i.-.l ...11 .lulv 7, lSi;4. \Vi-ii,...li. Il.iirv. ii,.i-i.i-.l ..ill .lulv 7. 1S.14. Wal.lli,.!.. il.ii-n.ii.. ... i-lT.-.l out Julv7, IW'.t. \\. --. :. I. 11.,^ i;.ii-i.-r.|.l ...It .lulv 7, l<.». Zi. ". illiaiii, ih.-.l ..l\;..ii)i.U i.-.-.-iv.>.l at Stone Rivcv. Z. -. Ii.uxe.l M.iivli •., isi.j, «.i mil-. Kco-iii's-l: II 111 til., li.-lil li.-ar Ai l.u.i.lh. i,,i > I I . . ihM-llaru'.-.l Al.nl .:!, iM.l. «-.ill..ls. J Co. i: la III.', o. Dec. 10, 1305. Scliu..iii.iiiii, JUniy, I MKN FROM PERRY COUNTY. JR-.STEn ROLL COMP.\XY I. PciraiM— Conner, (icorge W., died in Perry Co., 111., Sept. 4, Isci. Ui>dv;e, Colin, mustered out July 7, 1804. TWKSTY-FOURTII INFANTRY. (Tlircc Yairs' &rvi<\:] This regiment was organized at Chicago, and nnutered into service July fS, l.'^Gl, by Capt. T. G. Pitcher, and was known as the " Hecker Ilegiment."' It did effectual and gallant service, and was mustered out July ol, 1805, at Lexington, Ky. MEN FROM MOUROE COUNTY. MCSTER ROLL COMP.tSY O. lUauits. — Kertel, Charles, trans, to hea.lqunrters 14 A. C. for nssignineut. ML'STKK EOLL C0M1".\NY I. /.'«ni.7«.— Bergniann, Clinrle-, trans, to hendqimrter^ 14 A. C. for assignment, ilottiiiau. Christian, ninstered out .Mav :iii, 18I1.1, prisoner war. KoelI.el, Frank, dis.harged May a7, 18iH : wounds. Stephan, Joseph, trans, to head.iuarters 14 A. C. for assignment. TWENTY-NINTH U. S. COLORED INFANTRY. (Three Years' Service.) MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. MISTER ROLL COMPANY A. Bicriia.— Kowlett, Joseph W., mustered out Nov. 0., ISO.",, as corporal. MlSTliR ROLL COMPANY B. 2/fcniit.— Laflore, Levi, al sent sick at M. O. of Regiment. MCSTKR ROLL COMPANY C. Bccruifc.— Coles, Henry, Morrison, Joseph, mustered out Nov. 0, 1805. MUSTER BOLL COMPANY D. BecriiiYj.— Beeson, Baptist, missing in aclinn nt Hntclier's Run, Va , Mar. 3u, 1805. Joseph, l."rederiik. nm-lered out Nov. 0, 1805. Louvriere. I'iero, discliarged .Iiine 2, 180.). Senty, Isadorc, Terraee, John, mustered out Nov. 0, 1805. MfSTIiR ROLL COMPANY I. P,i,n(e«.— Block, Levi, Griffin, Joseph, mustered out Nov. 0, 1805. MEN FROM MONROE COUNTY. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. Priiutfi.— Scroggins, P. M., vet., Webb, James, mustered out Nov. 0, 1805. THIRTIETH INFANTRY. {Three Years service.) The Thirtieth Infantry was organized at Camp Butler^ Illinois, August 28th, 1861, Colonel P. B. Fouke, com- manding. September 1st, moved to Cairo and was assigned to MeClernand's Brigade. November 7th, was engaged in the battle of Belmont. From January 10th to 22d, moved on a reconnoisance into Kentucky. February 6th, was en- gaged in the attack on Fort Henry. Took part in the capture of Fort Donelson, i:}th, 14th and loth of February. Participated in the siege of Corinth in Colonel Logan's Bri- gade. September 1st fjur milea from Medau Station met the enemy's cavalry 6000 strong and after four hours' hard fighting drove the enemy from the field, achieving a brilliant victory. From this time till May Tith, 1863, was engaged in various campaigns ami marches in Tennessee, Louisiana and Mississijipi. On that day participated in the battle of Raymond May 16th engaged in the battle of Champion Hills, losing heavily. Also participated in the siege of Vicks- burg Was in the engagement at Bv)gachitta creek, in Oc- tober. Jan. 1st, 1864, mustered in as a veteran organization. Feb. 3d, entered on the Meridan Campaign, participating in the several skirmishes with the enemy. April 28lh, began the Tennessee River Expedition. From this time forward till July 21st marched to various points in Tennessee, Ala- bama and Georgia, skirmi.-hing with the enemy at Big Shanty, June 10th. July 21st and 22d was in the battle near Atlanta, losing heavily on the latter. Partici|)ated in the entire work resulting in the capture of this place and Jonesboro. November 1.5th movcil with General Sherman's army on the " march to the sea," participating in the capture of Savannah, December 21st, of Pocotaligo, on the l.'Jth on Orangeburg, Columbia and Cheraw, South Carolina, and of Fayetteville, North Carolina. Took part in the grand review, May 24th, 186.'), at Washington, D. C. Clustered out of service July 17th, 186.5, and received final payment and discharge the 27th inst. at Camp Butler, Illinois. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY'. NON-COMMIS.SI0NED STAFF. -Granville B. McDonald, mustered out July 17, 1805. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY C. C.i|.(.iii«.— James R. Wilson, killed in battle. Alexander M. \ViI-..ii, pr..iii..l.-.l by Pri'sLbiit AuKUst, 1801. William M \.i .:.. n.'.^: ..-.I ...i luh i". 1-.;.-. Firaf iieii/rlm.,!. — U..\ ..1 M M . 1 i. i :• i, i.i . ■ i 1 ,. hilv 17, ISGJ. tiecotid LieutvniniU. — A hi- . li i - i — u' - i ' . in -'^ Is li 1, ■ (i 1 ;, 1 11 iiiii-i... , .. ,- -. i ^;.-ii I'l'j July 17,1805 Sa-gcu„ls.—F.\,\ H:,i ii. .... ii. .1 .,i l.,.i.., . U....1..I-. .Siiiii.i.'l Mill.-i. .li .1 ul hi.liu. Aimu t 2'.l. 1 ;f. i.l !■ . ..ii.|.l.. II. .lied at home Dec. 31, 1803 (.'orp<.r.d«— l:..l..il M.|\i,l.ll:.iv. stli- 1 1 1 1-1. 1, ii.ii-tered out .Inne r., 18ft-.. as sergeant. \\ 1 !. , !■ II 1 1 1 liter, trans. Sept. 15, 1803. .lischarged July 24, 1812. as sergeant, vet., mustered out July 17, 1805. .1 at Belmont, Nov. 7, 1801. . mustered out July 17, 1805, as corporal. stered out July 17,'l8t«t, as corporal. , vet., mustered out July 17, 1805, as sergeant. .an. Clli-b li.-.lat Belmont. Nov. 7, ISOl. .. 1 , killedatAtlanla,tJa., July 22, 1804. k. vet., died at Millen, Ga., Dec. 4, 1804. ...1., u .lliam. , iJavid, vet., mustered nut Jiilv 17, 18C.>. , Harvey, vcl., died at Millen, Ga., Oct. 31, '64, pris , .I..IIT1, discliarged : term ( , I'Mward, vet., mustere.l ... ■II,. lames B., dischare.-.l I. iniiivk, A. A., vet.. e.l. Julv M. -M 11, .1. Neil, han.l. I'olloeU, Sam . H., vet., kill. I.I i..-..r \ii . .dat Kelm.iit. .\..v. 7. Isi.l. . killed at Fort Donelson, Feb. 1.'., 1802. , mustered out -lulv 17, 1805, as corporal. lualered out June 9,' 1805. el, killed at Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, 1802. St<-vens, Jo«eph, vet., discharged for disability. Snodgrass, Isaac E , mustered out July, 17, Isofi, as sergeant. TaggHrt, Silas, vet., mustered out July 17, 180.-i, as corporal. TagL'art. Daniel, discharged June 13, 1802; disability. 'I'livlor, Spencer, trans, to V. R. C. W ils..ii. -lames C, vet., mustered out July 17, 1805, a- sergeant. Williiiiiis.in, Francis, vet-, mustered out July 17, 1805, as corporal. Wilson. John. Wells, Robert, discharged; term expired. 214 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. A-eo-»i(«.— Adier, Williiim, died at And Hoyd, John B , v t., Coney. Andrew, vet. fouvier, S.initiel H. ndle, S. A., killed le; grave 12,430. ine Hi, I8C5. tered out June 9, 18(»5. jnesnw Mt., June 0, 18(14. Dun-iMK. August, died lU Andersonville, Jan. 2", Mi:,; Rrave 12, Elliott, W. I'., died at Miicou, Ga., Sept. 23, 1804, prisoner war. Fisher, Scipio. Fisher, Thomas mustered out June 4, 1SG5. Fennian, George L. Golden, Nat aoiel, mustered out July 17, 1805. Greer, Uharh's S.. mustered out June 4, 181)5. Grape, George, mustered oul July 17, 1805. Gerlach, Charles, llecker, William. Hat.'hie, Henry, vet., died at Florence, S. C, Feb. 5, '05, prisone Hill, Price B. Hargus, David, niu.>!tered out June 4, 18G.i. Harm Ml li:i 1. .Ii>' l.;iri;.d Deo. -M, 1802. Ha\itli"iii W r . iMii-tir. .1 ..lit July 17, 18i». Ha\illi..i I.. I'avil M , Hiii-t. r.-ii out June 9, 1805. Jon.-!-. '■ .1.1 1. I \ . .1.-. Ii,.i;.'til , term e.Kpir..d. Lin.U- , I .. ' Liveh', I. nil."-. .1;. I al Millen October 20, 1804; prisoner war. Liv.'l} ,l..-..}.li .\ hanged prisoner; no discharge furnished. Mort,.n', .I..I.1I, 'li-'tiarsed Novemher 13, 1802. Mahaii, An ii. u 1 . .Ii-.liari;ed Dec. 17, 1802, ai Sergeant; disability. M'lrelaud Jam... 11,. .Ji-. Inn ied : term expired. Mvers Peter, iiiii-i. I. .1 ...il .liiiie4, 1S05. Maxwell, Dun. ;.i ... Mulligan, 'rii'-in. McN'ultv, John. m. .Mm i i\ . i . n i.i MciNultV, Hugh, mii-i i . .1 n i .n. 4, l.<05. Mccormick, A. L., .hf.l .r Miliu I'. . .niber 3, 1804. Mccormick, John B., .Ii. .1 ii >:o .nnah, Ga.. January 2-2, 1805. McMunlv, John, trans, to V. K. v . April 27, 1S04. Uats, William H. Owens, Anthony. Mustered out June 2:!, 1805. Parks, James n s..,.,l .v-, L.^.^ph. Steinberg, John. Williamson. M Wood, Sidii.x Whitney, AI..1.. Wright, John, WelTiaus, WllUi April 22, 1802. ,.11-ed. I Julvl7, 1805. MUSTER KOLL COMPANY E. Otplaine. — John C. Johnson, resieiu..! lannsrv is, isr,;l AshleyPearce, hon..nii IV .h., 1..... .1 M ,, l'.,1805 Linzey.Steel, mustfi... ,-i ■ I ; . . h , July 17. 18Co. first iieiiieiimito.— Benjamin H. K' n. , -. ill: . ny 1 181.2 Smith Crane, iini-i i. . i- >. i ^. uit^ Inly 17, 180o. Secoaabillty. Holtz, John H II . m . i I' '" ' Hartz, Franci-s .li-'i.i - < - i- - Ingols, Edgar W., \ eL, nu.--uic..l .. Jordan, Horatio B. „ , „ ,„„„ Koop, George, killed at Fort Donelson February 16, 1802. Malone, Daniel, Vet , mustered out July 17, 180.5. Martin, Albert Michael. McClintock, Forward. Kyan, Joseph, died at Ja-kson, Tenn., June 10, 1802. Buhl, Charles, killed at Fort Donelson, February 15, 1802. Steele, Martin. ^ . , Short Edward, discharged September 27, 1804 ; term expired. uu^^,n^^i^\r .Irthn Hischnrppfl Sentember 27. 1804; term expired. ^ .4 ; term expired. .7, 1805, as Sergeant, Short, Jidward, aiscnargeu oeofcenioei £<, i^u^ , i«;i Sheemonick, John, discharged September 27, 1804; .^.....-»r Waltamete, William, discharged October 12, 1802; disability. Wolf, Henry, discharged August 1.5, 1802; wounds. Whittock, Andrew, killed at Fort Donelson February 15, 1802. Btcrtiii. — Ande?™n', JameV K.. discharged November 12, 1804; term expired. \rnolJ, John, died at Memphis February 13, 1803. Adams, John P., mu.stered out July 17, 1805. Bowerman, Jesse, Vet., mustered out July 17, 1805, as Corporal. Barnes, William, discharged April 30, 1»02. Better, Benedite, died at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1804; wmuds. Brown, Bobert L.. discharged January 1, I8i:3; disability. Beiter, Efo, mustered out June 4, 180.5, as Corporal. Baker, Joseph, mustered out July 17, 180.i. Carpenter Siillimon, died at Shiloh Hill February 28, 1802. Caruthers,' David, discliarged July 2-2, 1302 ; wounds. Coulter, Matthew W., mustered out July 17, 1805. , u n- Carr, John T. Deppe, A. H. Fisk, Stephen. Finle.v, John F. Grab. Charles, killed February 15, 1802. Givenrod, Jacob, mustered out June 4, 1865. Girdon, Alexander, died Julv 5, 1864; wounds. Garner, Francis, trans, to V. R. C. April 27, 1804. Garvin, Kubirt, mustered out July 17, 180.i. Hilling, Henry, killed at Fort Donelson February 15, 1802. Hood, William, tran.s. September 15, 180:). Hatcher, Charic-, discharged April 3 ', 1802. Hutt; Gjorge W., discharged November 12, 1804 ; term expired. Hamilton, David J., mustered out .lulv 17, 1805. Hardin, William E., died at Marietta, Ga , August 20, 1864. Jernigan, John G., died at R..me. Ga., Juno 5, 1804. James, Isaac M„ died at Nashville, Tenn., November 5, 1804. Jeruigan, William B., mustered out July 17, 1805, as corporal. Jackson, John J., mustend oul Julv 17, 1805. Kilpatrick, Ribert B., .11- li .i _• 1 " r ,1,,-r 1, 1802; disability. Koke, John Henry, di-i . . i \i I ::ii. 1802. Krentzer. John, d'le.l III \ \ il- Ht 5, 1803. Koeu, William, niustei.i . )... ;.i-(.5. Kennedy, William J., nm.-lmd ..ui July 17,1803. Louther, Johnson, discharged September 27, 1804 ; term expired. Long, William, Vet , mustered out July 17, 1805, as Corporal. Louther, Martin, trans. September 15, 1803. Mustered out July 17, 1805. Leiner, John, Vet., asCorpi., Lively, William, Lytic, James T., Laird Martin T., Lively, Amos A., died at New Albany, Ind., May 19, 1804. LatTertv, Jesse, killed at Atlanta Ga., Julv 22, 1804. Lively, Edward R., died at Home, Ga., July zo, 1804. Mustered out July 17, 1805. Lively,W. C. M., Long, Daniel B.. Lythe, Jas. K. P. Lewis, Thomas. Miles, William, mustered out July 17, 1805. Morris. in, James K. P., mustered out July 17. 1805. Malone, William, died in Memphis January 2:), 1863. McCann, Josiah, Vet., mustered out July 17, 1805. Mustered out July 17, 1805. McCann, Robert. McFie. John R, McBride, Matthew L., Mi-Brido, Charles, McCallum, I-aao N. McKiiiio-v, I. L-.. !■ , .li.-.l ..f w.,un,ls ill rebel prison. Newfll I I,, .111,1- II ,ii,. I ,1 l;,.iiM , I.,. , .lulv 17, 4s04. Pick. .11, l:, ,,.,,.., .. ,1 ' . I I,-..,-., Pole Perkiii- ,l..l.i. I Roonev, Beniaiiiin Rasboirough', U ilh Siewart, John K , ii Soper, .\sapli. .Ik. I Ml I 11 . ..a , July 22,1861. t:...i .\..\|.iiibcr 12, 18i>4; term expired. .ii-tered out July 17, 1805. .lit Julv 17, 1805. -tta, Ga., August 8, 1864; wounds. ■red out July 17, 1865. Welden, Smilh B., Wilson, Mark. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. MUSTEK KOLL CO-MPASY I. mustered out July 17, 1805. U.NASSIGSED RECRUITS. Bonner, Robert, died at Camp Butler March 31, 1804. Kerr James. Thompson, Joseph B. ; rejected. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY E. Pcii-a/c8.— Clark, Jacob, Vet,, mustered out July 17, 1805, as Corporal. Dixon, Thomas. Pr.ictor Valentine. Vet., mustered out July 17, 1805. Wetzell, William, Vet., mustered out July 17, ls05. iZ^-cru*/«.— Pickett, Francis M., died in rebel prison .August 12, 1804. THIRTY FIRST INFANTRY. [ Three Yiars^ sennce ] The thirty-first was organized at Cairo, Illiuois, September 8th, 1861, by Colonel John A. LogaD, aid mustered into the United States service by Captain T. G Pitcher, United States Army. It was engaged in the battle of Belmont, Noveraber7th, 1801, and was in reconnoissance in Kentucky in January 1862. February 2d it embarked for Fort Henry. February 13th, 14th and 15th it participated in the battle of Fort Donelson, where it remained till the 22d, when it was ordered to Pittsburg Landing. It was engaged in the siege of Corinth, May, 1862 May 1st, 1863, it moved to the assistance of General McClernaud, at Thompson Hill. The regiment was without rations, and had nothing to eat the night before ; but they made a march of twelve miles in three hours, and came up to the enemy, turning their right flank and thus saving the day. May 3d, they engaged with the enemy at Ingram's Heights, and were victorious. On the 12th the " chivalry " made a stand at Jackson, Mi.-sissippi, and a severe engagement followed, resulting in a victory for the Union troops. May 16th they HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 215 defeated the enemy at Champion Hills. On the 19th the regiment reached the defenses at Vicksburg and was en- gaged during the entire siege. In the charge on Fort Hill it lust two officers and eight men killed and forty wounded. Its flag received one hundred and fifty-three shots and the staff' was severed four times. The regiment was veteranized January .")th, 1H04. On the !lth of June, it joined General Sherman's grand army at Ackworth. It was engaged in the battle of Bush Moun- tain, June 27th, and participated in all the battles, skir- mishes and marches made by the Third Division during the siege of Atlanta, from July 19lh to August 31st. In Oc- tober 1S()4 the regiment was with Sherman in the campaign after Hood, and on November 15th it moved with that officer in the " March to the Sea," arriving, at the defenses of Savannah, December 10th, and on the 12th camping at Dr. Owen's rice plantation. January .'lOth, it commenced the Carolina campaign, marching via Salkahatchie to Golds- boro, arriving there March 24th, liSG5, having been without communication for filty-fuur days. The regiment partici- pated in the grand review at Washington, May 24th, l.SB"). July l!(th it was mustered out of United States service by Lieutenant Augustus P. Noyes, and received its final pay and discharge July :!Ut. MEN FROM PERRY COUNTY. 3f(yor«.— Harrv .\lmon, rosipnetl Julv 27, ISiU. Willtam B. Slioit, iniisttToifoiu July 10, 18(15. Qunrlermtigter. — .Toshllu B. Oiivis, niustfied out Inly li), 1805. Clinptiiin. — Jftcob Coif, nltl^t'T»■ll .iill ImK I'l, 1 Cuptaiu.- Daniel (Juillnmi i-i. r. .1 .m Julv 1:1! iRi;5. fir«(iuii/fii. Slr-|.nrn ,1 Tiyl.r. : ;, l' I.J, dis.ibility. Tl.'i'li\:iVl';"''.'i'!'.'i','"i',"l ''i,,ii-i'.,',.;i ,, 1 Mi.v 1.1. 1-..-,',, „« corporal Willi. rn J. W..lk.M, n . I'li ip 1 -1. M1. .1.. in yi. Hrnun, ^.■l i-|. t. ill. i i i, ■ ',, ! ; 1 .1. Holco nb, 111 v.i| K . hi.i.ii i i'il iiiii -I.t^mber 24, 1864. Hamil ton, \\ Iliam, iis.-h.in:...! .Ua ■ M, 1802, disability. Harmon, Jol n. Hall. Isaae iN. Heape ■ihon «8, died of wounds N ^vembor 7, 1801. Henrv Hami ton. Kine: .^-imii.. , .il...lT I ll..|iv ,r, T...1 1 . November 9, 1862. - ^,.1. 1 ,i -. _yi|..-_, ^ '..-*, disability. .Ml.:. . );■' i i .11 ', ',,',',,■„-' \ „ ■,;, irg. May 31, 1803. Mii:. 51. 1 ' I i 'ill 1 r M.,died Apr il 4. 1804. M.'i '. .'■ill- v., died May liH, 18112, wounds. 51. ...).' \\ l\ i !ll 1' , 1 l.-.iat.lak,oi . 'l-CDn., July 0. 1802. Mum .• W . 1 i il M,.ri li _■- ■..■.2. Megill.le, Wils.in, ki . , I: Noith, William, mii-i. ,. , , ;t - North, Jasper, died .Mar..ii 1, !.■. I'vle. Wlllian l'.'.t..M.Svlv.. I'..lt.T, N,.|...i iHid-, 1.-, I I pl.i,,, 1 . I.iu.ui 11, 1803. (juillll.all..l.>l,li II. Ulun.-, Iiiivi.l ,\ . killed at Fort Donclson, February 15, 1802. KanliiM.I, lliiuUin-. died at liome Juno 3, 1802. I!»io~.-v, I: 11 I., killed at K..rl Ii.eiel....n Kebruary I\1802. '■ ' III.- July 2, 180,i. >^1.. ;tr , n.i.r.i i", \. t , niii-t. 1 . i , >, I . I'..'., as corporal. ■I l''.l.ruary l.i, 1802. on February 15, 1802. n, vet., mustered out July 19, 1805. us 51,, vet. .captured, reported diedat AndersonvillePrls. <■ 1, li illed at Fort Uonelson February 15, 1802. 1. I at Fort Uonelson February 15, 1802. II , disehavEod April 21, 1802, wounded. , I il.«"!i-i...-.M| nl 21, 1802, disability. Hliiik. Iiui. Iti.iKlialu.. Craw ford, J Connor, Jo Craig, Job] Collins, Jol w' I)ix..M, Anil. u. iiiiisi.r.-d out .lulv I'.l, ISiii. Hix.n. I , ., >t.red out July 19, 1805. Emu.-, lil... M .killed near Keuesaw Mt., June 27, 1804. F..M.i|, « iIIliiii I' (11. .\. I I I ii i \ , \ .-t . mustered out July 19, 18C.'». li. I 1 > il.-. to V. R. <: lil I i i I ..-. I. aigod Seplember8,lS02, disability. ll...iu. , \. .1: . . . ii.uslered out Julv 19. 18lKi. lb. 11. 1 1 1,, .1 III. \ ..lie.lal Rome, (ia., September 2, 1804. M..mu...,...M, ......i.-l. 51ii.h. II, 1: I , r.. .1-1. Ted out Julv 19, ISO.-.. .Mi,s«.ii I .i i.i.T.T.i.i ...11 .i.iiv 19, mrs-,. M.iKiii-ii ■, l.i' ■., ^i. i.-i i.iii Ink. I'MSO.-.. 0.1 ■ , 11 • i I. ,11, iMiss. Tl..ini|i -.11, l.i ■.. ;- -ill. '1 ,.i I' . liii ill, Ky., Jlar. 10, 1802. MUSTER ROLL Wl.MPANY H. 0»7).vrii?.— John Oliver, killed at Fort Donelsoii February 15, 1802. JirSTER ROLL COMPANY L TVirafc.— Turman, Hodge B. Ml'STER ROLL COMPANY K. Ow(.iiii.- Thomas Hunter, died of w..uiids Jiiuu 27, 1804. AVrjcnu/s.— William Fo.x, killed at Fort Uonels.ui February l.'i, 1802. William B. Lau,gston, \et., absent sick at m. o. of Regiment. Priralfi—Mo ris, Henry A. Bro. /^-•eruito.— Crew, Joseph. Staddon, Hiram. Langston, William, vet., .absent sick at 111. o. of Regiment. rudM-'jiied lifcruit. — Wilson, .An irew, THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. {Three Years' Service.) R.A.NDOLPH COUNTY. 5ir.STER ROLL COMPANY G. Bicnii(fi.-James, Henry i'., mustered out July 11, 1.805. THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. (Three Years' Service.) The regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, September 7, IHIU, by Colonel E. N. K'rk. December 22, 18()''>, it was mustered as a veteran organization. It waa discharged from service July 12th, l.^(;."i, at Louisville, Kentucky. MEN FROJI RANDOLPH COUNTY. MUSTER ROLL COMPAXV 0. . Cieseer. Never mustered, mustered out July 12, 1805, as Sergt, Mo ;e.l Aug. 24, 1S03. Hisahiiity. pi. died Camp Nevins, Dee. 7, 1801. aiisf. to V, R.C., .Mays, ISM. Picket, John. Oats, 1,1 1.1 1 1. 1, .MEN FROM R.\NDOI.PII COUNTY. MCSTEB BOLL COMTAXY G. Priiate— Weaver, William II., di«l at .V.-vshvillc, March 13th, 18(>5. THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. {Three Years' Service.) MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. MU3TKII ROLL COMPANY E. 7(e<:;uil.-Addison, David .1., transf. from 811th 111 , mustered out Feb, 7, laofi. Campbell, Louis ('., transf. from 80th 111,, mustered out Feb. 7, 1866. Dickey, Milton W., transf. from 80th 111., mustered out Feb. 7, 1866. Watson, William C, mustered out Feb. 7, 1806. 216 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNFIES, ILLINOIS. FORTIETH INFANTRY. {Three Years' Sai'iee.) MEN FROM RANDRLPH COUNTY. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY P. Private— Farmer, James E., transf. to 1st West Tenn. Infantry, Jan. 26, 1804. FORTY-THIRD INFANTRY. {Three Years' Service.) The Forty-third was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, in September, 1861, by Colonel Julius Raith. Itwasequip- ped at Benton Barracks, Missouri, there beiug then but eight companies in the regiment. Here it was soon after joined by companies I and K. It participated in the two days' bloody battle of .Shiloh, losing in killed and wounded, two hundred men. Here Colonel Raiih was mortally wounded. Was engaged during the siege of Corinth in May, 1862. From this time till December, it was employed in various duties, Assisted to repulse a vastly superior force of the enemy near Lexington. In the spring of 18G3, two hundred men of the regiment were mounted and did excel- lent service, capturing guerrillas, etc The Forty-third was the first infantry regiment to enter Little Rock, Arkansas, September 11th, a'ter its evacuation by the enemy. At Okolona, April 2d, had a slight skirmish wtth Shelby's Brigade. On the 10th inst. occupied the front in the ad- vance on Prairie d'Anne, charging a body of the enemy and driving them from the field. When the enemy's line gave way the Forty-third was the first in the enemy's works. At Jenkins' Ferry, being a part of the rear guard, it sus- tained the first onset of Kirby Smith's array. In this en- gagement the Union troops were successful over a vastly superior force of the enemy. The regiment was mustered out of service at Little Rock, November 30, I860, and re- ceived final payment and discharge December 14th, at Camp Butler, Illinois. MEN FROM MONROE COUNTY. MrJTI !■ l;"I.L CU-Ml'.iSV F. FinlSerjMu/— Freilerii'l<, S .lni !■ i Sr/jcdit.— ValPiitine, P.l-^ iiii.i li. Corpurah — Killl;ili, Wliii hi. 1 , 1, ill. li ^ consoli'd, must. outNo , Fh]li|.. n V. K. I'., s ■pt. -ii;, \W.). Sclinell, Frpil'. Williacn, vet., trausf. to Co. C, as consoli'd, 51.0. Nov. 30, l«ti."i, as Corpl. . Van Bornain, Henrv, disohavEcd Fell. 0,1802. Vogello, John, di.sc'iiargod Jnl.v 2."., 1802. Weissling, Andrew, mustered out Deo. 16, 1804. MUSTER BOLL COMPANY H. Piiuatcs—Armhrrrh*, v-h-fpti, vet., transf. to Co. E.,a3 consolidated, M. O. Nov. Ffilr', I > .■ . '.Hired Oct. 28, 1802. refarnn— Biciu-.. ih, 1 . i, 1 1 :iusf. to Co. E., as consolidated, M. O., Nov. 30, 1805. MrsTKU r.f'i.L riiMPANY c. — (43, Jt;rutiii\ killc-d at Shiloh, April Liuun, Alfr,-d, iiiu.«t out Si-pt. « 1805 ' 7, l«Ci. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. F.itt AuM.iut Si'nitoa.—.KuilroK B. Hinlly, resigned April 22, 18^2. Ml'STER ROLL CO.MPANY A. P<-i<-nV — Carr Mii-Iiaul, .liRC}mri;ed Mareli 21, IPG't; wounds. I'eWran.— Burns, Tjiirnas, sorgl. killsJ ut N.islivilk-, Tcnn., Dec. l:., ISM. MUSTER ROLL COMPA.NY B. -stored out Sergm Gv»orge T. Brewer, i D, 1605, as private. Oirpoml. Hiiks tcred out Jan William H.inslirow, mustered out Mar. 7, IS jo, a-j private. B irn», Thomas H., Vet., m istor.' 1 out S.'pl. X '''*"*. a-* corpiral. Brewer, 1} -oree L. dielMiyH, !<••;. Brewer. Willia-n T., disca »v -J J.lly I, ls;2: dis.aiiilitv. Callin. Eli, killed at Shiloh. April n, 'i Drowry William, discharged fir d abilitv. Drowry, Michael, dijd April 21, 18.1 .lohn. Vet., mustered out Sept. I8ri6, as sergeant Hicks, Andrew J., Vet., mustered out S*--p. '"», IS '.."», as corporal. Kulili, Ad.iui. tra:is. to 2d U. S C»v , Jan. — , ISitl. Loos, Henrv, died Feb. 17, 1804. .Misspluv. Acan., Vet., mustered out Sep. 0, l80.->. Munilih', John, Vet., killed at Pleasant Hill, La. Apr. I '.I, l.s 1 PredoMi. Joseph, Vet., mustered out S 'Ot. II, l.Hio. 2. Slioily, Totield, mustered out Jan. 9, 18; stered out Wilson, Robert, Vet„ .Mept. 9, IsiiJ. MUSrES ROLL COMPANY I. Hill, Edward, mustered out Jau. 9, Arehihald, W. Thompson, resigned March •-•s. I8H2. Thomas, Alexander, killed August 13, 1802. Steond Lit'HletttttitM. Oearse W. Brewer, honorably dis- char.:C!d .March 21, '05. Absalom W. Johnson, mustered out , (as scrgt.) Sept. n, 1803. Scrgtant April 7, 1S02. Corportd*. Samiel B. Smith, died at Shiloh, April 14, 1.SS2. John L. Gray, mustered out Jan. 9, 1805, AS sergt. Prirnif*. .Anderson, Jamca W., discharged June 5, IS62. .Ager, Goorjre, mustered out .Ian. 0, 1SG5 Bovil, Jasper, died at Chester, Tenn., SJay I, ISi;2. Bovd, .lames, mustered out Jan. 9, 1805. Cox, .Vbsalom M., mustered out Jan. 9, 1S05. Cochrane, James T., died at home Nov. W, ls02. I Drews Daniel, Vet., mustered out Wilson, James M., missing in action at Hofiil, James, Vet., mustered out Sept. 9, 1805, as sergeant. Irwin, John C, mustered out Jan. 9, 1 80V Jaines, Francis, died .Vug. 15, 1802. Lincoln, James H., died'atCamp But- ler, 111., March a, 1802. Lyie, Jame.s discharged .April 15, 1804; wound.*. William J., mustered out Jan. 9, trans, to non-com. stair, Jan. I, IS02. Mi-Nahh, Lewis, died at Camp Butler, 111., Jan. S, 1802. McUinnis, Tli.nnas. Nesbit, Robert, Vet., eergt., died Dec. 21, ism ; wounds. Nelson, John, discharged Dec. 31, 1803. Stewart. Lewis K., killed at Fort Doncl- son, Feb. 13, 1802. Tavlor, Peter .\., discharged Dec. 30, l'8<'i:l; disability. Ulrich, Joseph, mustered out Jan. 9, 181.5. Vansickle, George, Vet., mustered out Wo . 9. 1805. Scpt^ 0, l.sr.5, as corporal, Gibson, John, mustered out Sept. 9, 1805. Banowin, Owen, drowned. Fort Donel- son, Feb. 211, IS02. Hachtnaa, Pi'tor, Vet., mustered out Sept 9, 180.5, as corpl. Hall, .lohn, discharged Sept 29, 1802; wounds. Shiloh, Auril 7, 1802. Youn*. Andrew H., mustered out Jan. 9, 1805. Young, James M., mustered out Jan. 9, 1805. raojii^ited ItecruUs Dagett, William R., mustered out Aug. 21 , 180.5. Little, Samuel. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. Colontli. j iiViiii».iiil-&liiKl. „ , , „ J. E. Ganen, M. O. (.Major) Sept. 9, 1865 William R. Morrison, Res. Dec. 13, 1802 1 v j ; f . Wm. P Moore, M. O. (LieuU-Col.) Sep. I ^'J'"- 9, 1805 I Thos. W. Morgan, hon. dis. Jan. 5, 1804 SOS-COilMISSIOSED STAFF. SerjMnl-.Vy'ir.— Abram Horine.M.O. out Sept. 4, 1804 Q. M. *r^iiJ.— Edward Niion, M. O. Sept. 4. 1804 Oimini/vury !<<,,jeaid.— Anton T. Hess, M. O. .Sept, 4, 1804 Principal Jfwiciaw.— tie'irge Lnnipkins, M. O. M.iy 22, I8(il William Loliuk, prom. Ist Lt. 01st U. S. C. I. July 1, 1803 MUSIEE BOLL, COMPASY A. ' Second LteuUnajtlM. Wm. H. Rogers, K. in the baU of Shiloh Abram Chalfin, .M. O. Sept. 9, 1805 FirU SergeauL Wm. Rainor, mustered out Sept. 9, 1805 Nich. C. Chester, died May 3, 1802, of : Scrgtanti. wounds received at Ft. D (nelson, E. W. Charles, discharged Dee. In, 1802 Feb. li, 1S02 Joshua Patty, died at Savannah. T. Andy K. Dament, on deta'-'hed service ! April :i, 1S02 at muster out of Regiment I Louis Schneider •26 Oiplaix. William Cogan, M. O. Sep. 9, 1805 First Licultnaatt. CoiyoraU. I Kcnnyon, Abbey, Vet., M. 0. 8ep.9, 1805 John Ijtne I Lovtel, Napoleon, dis. fur wounds Daniel Hughes, died at Columbus, III. 1 Moser, Henry June 0. IS02 Meyer, Win., k. Shiloh, April t., 1302 Louis St. Tlininas, Vet., mustered out .Marien, Puiri. k Sept. •.', l.sOi. as Sergt. Murphy, Jer., Vet., M. O. Sept. '.1, 1805 Thomas Biirnes, Vet. S'rgt., killed at SIull,>n,Clias , diseh. to rec.lve prom'n Nashville, Tenn., Dec 1.5, lso4 ; .McAdam, Saiiil.,disch. Apr. 13, I8ia dis. John SinitUsehneider, Vet., died at Melrus.ii, J. d. Savannah, T. Ap .3, 1802 Vicksliiiig, June 5, 1804 Nolan, .lohn. Vet, M O Sept. 9, lonS Richard .MoSett ' 1 Neil, Osiar, Vit. .M. O. Sept. 9, 1805 p„.,„^ r.iwell. Will, diseh June 22. 1802 ,,, ,. , ,.■ . „ . ' R.-ters, M Vet. Corpl. M. O Sept. », 1865 Allerdine, Lawrence, Vet. Sergt. Robinson, Thos. k Ft. Doiu.'i;on Feb. Iio.;bs, \\ ,k. Ft Diiiels.iii, F-b. II, 1802, |, ig,\, Hiiniiaii Patii -k, k. Shil.n Apr. 0, lsr,2 (i„i„i.'j. 'rfiad. .1. St. Louis, Mo. May 20, H.ik.r, Daliiil, Vet ,.M O. S pt ^1, IJOj 1 isi •■ winiinls Uihries, N.lsoii, Ver., M. o. ^iep.'i, isia I r .v„old'. Tli.'nivs J BurroUKh, Samu.l, dlsch. June 13, 1802 | u,.^„, |/,„i,_ v,'t. M. O. Sept. 9, 1805 BaU.r, Hemy smith, l'inli|., .M. O. Sept. '.1. ISO.'. C^Ig^li! MleCl, Vet., M. a 9ep.9, 1805 ^^lllS.ier 'w'.MeMn^r'"- "' '"^ Cann.Wm.M., d. at Ca.iip Butler III., ' smith, H. d-i'l,. .\|„-. ji, isci; disab'ty IViiv. 7, 18 I .S.'hwiiitti .hi-tin Vet \l t) Si'p u 18i.5 Carr, Milt .11, died at Camp Butler, III., ' .Siiii.,^.,,i, 'wui .1 *at hiii'ui' Nov 'a*' 1801 ^' " '■' Tri.siliaii', S. ui.l'is.-h. .Mav'.\ isisl ' ; T.irner. J. <1. .Mound City .Mar. 10, 1802 wounds Tureott. George, Vet. Tikeviver, Lou " " 1805 lsi;5 Butler, III., D.Muint, Will., diseh. Oct. 6, 1802 Demar. uhas., d Sell for wounds Daniur, William, Vet. Ella, .Morilz mis, .Is k. Ft. Diielson Feb. II, 1,802 withrow, .\. J. Vet. M. O. Sep. >etll.-, t., .1. I amp ButUr, 111., Nov. 24 Wilt, llani. I, M. O. Sept. 9, ISIk ''.' „ .. ^ „ . ■ ,„.. t„ WitM-.iw, J. J. il. at Camp Bu ass. A, Vet, M. O.Sept. 9, 1805, Wagr I Nov. In l.sr,l , Vet. M. 0. Sept. 9, ISC5 khn, Vi t. ,.|, H -ni-v " i liixraits. Hill, lieWaJn', Vet. M. O. Sept. 9, 18.T5 Carr, Bartlett, d. Camp Butelr, III. Feb. Hill, II., d. Louisville Ky., May 14, ISS2 8, Isii2 Heii.li r, Kr.d. Vet. I Kriblw, Peter, M. O. Nov. IS, >8C4 Hinton, William 1 Kidd, S. k. Shiloh April 0, 1802 Kellx, J. W., Vet M. O. Sep. 9, 1805 Scrgt I Stinsoii, .Martin, Vet. M. O. S--pt. 9, 1865 MCSTER r.OLL, COMl'ASy B. Ca,iiaiii«. G.ildin, Ams., diseh. Mar. 20, 18i3.- disb John L. Stanley, t;nm expired as 1st l|'""'"p [■"'•'"li. V-t. .M.o.H. pt. 9, ib05 Lieut. Jan. '1, l.siB Hale.unb, Is.iae. died Apr. 2s, Isoj Andrew J. Metiregor, »L O as 2d Lieut. ' ■'V™'}- D-mlilis -li. .Mar. 2, l.si..i;ilisab Vuc 11 lsO.-i Kiik, Jim. \it. M. o. s-pt. ;i, l.so, Corp .lUfc. 11, 1 0.1 J 1^^^^ H.iirv, M.il. Jan.v, Is,.", "^ Ft fut Lieutenant, Livers, l.rati'k-r, ilied ,\pr. l;i. 1S02 James P. Bums, died April 1, 1802 Lewis, Biirtwiii.'lu-.l, date ilii'klii.wn s«o„d LU..>. /. !-.'^''>- ^■'.'^■. ■.''-■)'• "-'■■ '■-. '••< Ml . 11. lll-l'll. Jll thv W Blanchard, M. O. Sept. 9, 1S05 Ru/ 55r7nn.ll. Saml. T. Agnew, discli. Aug. 11, \i&2; disability Sergcftnts. Saml. Smith, diseh. Aug. %\ 1802; di9.ah. Frs. .M. Viiris M O. Jan. 9, 1805 1st Serg Samuel Carlton Corfutrntt, J. P. Smith, pro. Scrgt. d. 5rar. 20, 1803 Edwin R. Rusk, died .Viiril:i, I8i;:| William .M.artiu, M. O. Jan. 9, 1805 „. , Jim E. Fosl|. diseh. IVb. 1:1 ISM disb Puk.tl. .las. .M., Ist .S.ivt. dlsch. .Vug. II, l.s.',3:.lisal>llilv P.att rs.iii, Jas. Il.s<-rgt. diseh. Nov. S, IsOi; disal.ililv Pease, lia\ id. .M. b. June 29, KSr^ Kolili. William, died Sipt. 21. HA .«ho.ik. « 111. .M. dis. June. I'l. l.s.,-.i ; disb Si.in. IIv.. V.l. .M. I". .S, |.l. 11. IsiiO Oirp .Sulivaii. Il-7.ekia!i, diseh. July 2:1, 180^ disaliililv Sivilis, Hariisiin, dis. Dee.— lsi;2; disb. Turk. Joseph I".. .M. 1). Jan. 9, 1»05 III-, .li.-.l .Ian. 1:1, IS02 .-...liid I'.li. 14, Is.;.!: wounds uilliains, L..reiizo 1 1.. \\-t. drowned in lied river, .\]iill 4, l.sol Williams. Edwar.l Y.. .lii.j Fib. 19, I8G2 Welch, Frk. Vet., M. O. Sept. 9, 1805 iinds Frifnt€S. Baker. Robt. dis, Nov. 25, 1802: Davis, Tliuin.is. .M. U. S.^t. 9, lsi.5 , Green, James iM.. died Aoiil 2.s. ISia bers, Jefferson, died Jan. Isf, 1802 Giirr.tt, l"ie. S.pt. 9, IBi'iS Miller, Freeman, died at Camp Butler, Crow, .lohn W. M. Vet. M. 0. Sept. 9 l8i'.*» as Sergt Crow, Patrick, »ii,seh. .\pr. — 1802: disab Dee . isol Recruit. , Hir., diseh. May 2 i, 18ia: disaby , Reviiolds, Joshua II., diseh. Oct 8, 18C2 Dains, J., Vet M. l>. Sept 9, 1805 Sergt I disaliilitv Deal, Frederick, M. O, Sept. 9, 1805 | Smith, John', M. O. Jan. 9, 1805 Erviiis, James, died at home Shake, Christian Eicholts, .M. diseh. Mar, 12, 1803; disab, , Walton, J. B,, d. Camp Butler, Dec. 7, Greer, Lemuel | I8GI MUSTER nOLL, COMPANY E. FiriraU. 1 McTigue, Thos. Vet M. O. Sept 9, 1805 I Thompson, Joseph Mb'STEB noi.L, COMP.VSY F. Fa-sl Lieut nam— L. It H. Dohbleman, re.«. Dec. 11, ISCt MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H, CnplaiH. I Umician. Jacob Fisher, m, o. Sept, 9, 1805. First Liaticnaata. Service, Sonday Edward Latsch, Sept 9, 1805. Second Lieutenant. Daniel Stein, m, o, as srgt. Sept. 9, 1805. ^ir«i Serijentit. Bernard Lofiiik, trs. bv pro. to 2d W. Tenn. iuft July 1,1803. nliimer, pro. pr nft July I, 1803. /Viroi s. aa 2d Lieutenant 1 *'''«• Looiiard, m. o Nov. 22, 1804. Armstrong. Michael, vt 1 Arms, Liwis, m. o. U.r Bail o Sep, 9, '05. •irl, as crpl. Biiuin, George, m, o. Nov. 22, '04, as crpl. Rose, Peter, m. o Nov, 22. •04, as erpl. Bow, Joseph, died at Vksbg,, .Mr. 4, '04. Ilrc-er, Nielmbis, .lied at Paducah Ap. 7, 1842; wounds. Buchard, Flank, m. o. Nov. 22, 1804. 220 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH,- MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. MUSTER r.oil, riiMi'ANY A. OiBtoim-. lames L. Mnnn, r.-siL-n. .1 M.iu li II. Isi :). Samuel T. J<.n.>.-, IicmiumIU- .1 i^.i,;im. ,1 Mav l.'i, 1S6S. Haivey Clfiid. iifii, Jii.l . i wn.HMi-. July 111, l«i;4. Goodwin Scuamor.', niustered out i,!i» l8t Lleul.) Ju.ie 10, 1805. First leuiciiaiii— James L. Bruwn, mustered out (as Serel.) Juno 10, 18CS. B.con t Lieut iiani— John Criley, mustered out tts Sergt.) June 10, 18H6. SergeunUi—Jfifi. D Man-kfr, reded to ranks, died at New Albany, Ind., May S,/fi3 Elis, Till , IHIIS Tiidu need to ruulis; wounded at Redaca, Ga., M. O. di-i'ha'fred Aue. n, isr,;!. Disaliilily. i-irr,-,l out June u 1. IMi:i. Wouuded. li.i ■■■ I •!■ .'Ill I'.ui. Di-ability. n, discharged M ly 1:1, l«wn, died at Murtr ., April 6, 1SC3. ability. Hn Jat 2,S, ISGJ, Bi.rli, Jolili, di Corpl. Dl^abllity. BarlA, Phihp 11., M. O. June 10, 18 ;.-.. Beckett, Jidin F., diM;li. Nov. ISliJ. lii^alulity. rrilev, Cyiu.s M. O. June 10, 1SC5. Clendenen, Moses W., Iransf.to N.C.S., St pt. lS(i:i. Childers Sam'l W., died at Clialtanoo- ga, M» i(, M. O. Junj 10, 18C5. esboro. Ton i., Feb. 2, 18(13. Miller, Mathias, died Mumlordville, Kv.Nov. .-i, 18r.2. McKiuna, Hugh, killed at Lovejoy ! St ... G.I.. Sept. 2, 1804. Mrli.uiul.l. .I:ir,,li, uicd at CavB City, Kv , .\mi jj, iw;-). Muiiii, .I.uiuilmii IS., M. O. June 10, '05, M.Mill. II. ,I..lir. \V., absent, wounded, III .M. II -1 IJix't. M"iii.. Ml -lex.M.C).jHnelli,'6.i. I'liu,-, V.iiirnt, M. O. June 10, '05. usi. to V. R. C. Feb. C mil M. II . sent wounded at at Murfreesl oro, lied at Mumford- i.,eDl sick at M.O. Jerinu,. of K.ninniil John.-ton, JucI, M. n. June 10, 180,-.. Jcrnigau, Alleu, M. O. June 10, 1805, Corporal. /cnkiii-. Ill Ke M W < lo.isn.i Sim.in.s, Edward, M. O. Juno in, '05, as Coipl. .Siuiiiii-r, Jn^epli, M. O June In, 180.1. Mlu| -I u, .l;iti:es G., M. O. June 10, '05, u. C.-li.!. .^iliiiiti-, I liiiil..sA,died Reedyville, ■\. Ill, . M:,i, h in, 'ivi rii.ii II. II. i i\ K .liiii at Murfrecs- 1 I I I ■ : : M .!. II li . 1803. •Ill, 11 :.. 1 , , ■ ■ Mil June lo,'0.5. Villi 111 III I I-i.ii^-. M O.June 10, 'US, Wood, John M., M. O. June 10, '05, as Corporal. Wilson, Johnson, M. O. June 10, '05, as W . 11- I, ,111. - H., died atMurfroeslioro, li nil , Allll J, '0:1. \\ liihlini-t , .l.iseph, died at Murfrees- Mu iilordville Wllsoi Childo Harvey, M. O. June 10, 'C,i. ii.cn/i7. s, Jolin B., M. O. June 10, '05. Beiiehcamp, Henri Kv., M.av 7, Lson. Eilernian, Geoii£e, Ky., Nov. il, ISOJ Grumer, Andrea.-, Feb. lo, '04. Ml'STEK ROLL COMI'ASY C Prhai,t. iied at I'aducali, ed at Louisville, anf. to V. R. C, , M.O. June 10, 1805. O. June in, 1.S05. rd, disoh. Aug. 31, ' .icn, Cliri.~tia MUSTtR ItOLL CO.Ml'AXV D. Captains. Carter, C. Wm., Resigned March 15. '03. i James Neville, disci, . Sept. 2-1. 1804. | Tlln-a W Scgar, hon. disch. (us 2d i Lieut.) Mav V., isr.i. Daniel McKinzie,M O. (as 1st Lieut.) | June 10, 1805 First Lindemnit . John F. Heitman, M. 0. (as Serg ) June 10, 1805 SecouA Lientennt.t. i Alex. VnnKendle,kil'd,hat. Oct. R, 18(12 Nicholas B. Jones, M.O. serg. June lll,'G5 First Sfiv/eio.l. George Heitman, M. O. June 10, 1805. Payton C. Jones, disc. June 28, '03, as 1 sergeant Ephraim Rockwell, disc Sep.9,'03idis. Cur,rorali. Nicholas B. Jones, M. O. Juno 10, ISriS. as serg. J A Dare, serg. died at Murfreesborn, Feb. l-','03 D. H. Milliuin, serg. died Cliatlanonga, Not. n, '03 John E Morris, M. O. June 10. 'oSsei «. Christie Hughes, M O.June lii,'iv,,|iriv. John Wassel, kil'd Perryville, lvy.,Oct. S, '02 Adam Douglas, disc. June 20,'03: disab Wngonfr. Jfts. Rayum, died Louisville, Ky., Sept. , M. disnb. rp all. inil.inlville, loiinded, M. ili«c Jan. 1, 'o:l; disab. I, M. II. .Iiinelo, '65 hiiiii, disc. Aug. :•>, '04; s \V., d Louisville, Ky., J., d Mumfordville, y L., (r. to V. R. C. Oct. m, ciirp. d at Marietta, iliiam A., M. O. Ju ral .Willis, d Cnstiiiioi r pris. tr. to V. R. Ro Ingram, Robert H., \ C. May 3, '04 Jondron, liotesc, disc. July C,'0:i; disab. Johndr.in, Eli, d. at Nashville, Tenu., AubE 14 '03 Jondrnn.'jatne.s, M. O. May 31, 'M I Snuil,. 1 ,,«vli M.O. June 10, '0.1, crp. ■ick, tr. to V. K. C. Feb. S.iwer, Jacob, Jl. O. June 10, '05; wnded. I k, Henrv A., died Mumford- Kv , Ni.\! 20, '02 III i|. ink J., M. 0. June 10, '05; ,11. H.il.i ri,M. O June lo, '05 c, Fr, Ludres, Frederick, d. Nashville, Tenn., April s, 'oa Menaid, Joseph A ,d. at GaIlali,Tenn., M,Fii,l,len, Charle.s, M. O. June lo, '05 Marrlin, William C, d. Gallatin, Tenn., laus, Frederick, t.ans. to V. R. C. ,t. In, ■04 r. W iUiam N., M.O.Jnne 10,'6o,as .s',"william R., M. O. June 10, '05 hart, Augustus, killed at Retaca, , May 14, '04 iir-ton, killed at Kenetaw 'I, 111 . William, M. 0. June 10, li'il I, liottleib, Corp., died at -.11, .luuelO, 0:i| 111. iliedat Perryville, Ky., . Hounds ji\,.|v, ,Ii,in,s U,corp., died Spring- ficl.i. III., April 0, '04 Jarlen, .liiliii M ,died at Chattanooga June '25, '04; wounds MUSTER BOLL com;>a: Captains. John Hood.hon. disc. Lieut. May 15,'i,5 Thomas F. Alexander, M. O. as scrgt. June ■u,'05 I First LieHleumil. Goo W. Clark, M. O. sergt. June 10, '06 Second Lieutnwiil. Albert Foster, resigned ;january 24, '03 John Willi( C'or^jonds. Thomas Brown, disc. March 7,'63; disab. William O Arnette, disc. June 8, '03 Haverficlil, John L.,ab. sick, M. O. reg. Hciiipliill. Matthew R.,M. O. Junelo,'06 i.ilin A.,M. O.June 10, '05 1.. l;..l, 1, M.O.June li','iAcorp lui, Lorp'l., tr. to V. R.C. May John, wounded ; drowned lier HI, 1804 iVilliiiMi. disc. Jan. n,'63; di.sab. Ill- I .Mil .UilielO, '05, serg. II 11 \". l; C. Sept. 15, '04 Call" Dal Dunn EwiiiL-, .lulu, > l: . lii-c. for disability Edgai. li.hus W., M. O. June lo, '05 ; orp. Real .loh Firat Lienlemnits. I W. McCormack, resig. Apr. 1-Mwin K. Fo-ler, rcsig. April II, 'i iscpli T. fhajubcrs, M. O. serg. . Ill, '05 Seioud Licvlenniils. •illiiiui IT. Ml ll'll, linn.disc.May 1.5,'05 n mill I.. F. Chambers, M.O. Juuel0,'G6 II , Rob't, tr. 38 III. M. 0. Mar.20,'l6 Ml'STER ROLL COMPANY G. ! Crawford, James H., died at Nashville' " n., March 10, l.si;3 r, James A., died at Murfrees- I, Teuu., April 0, lso:l • Dickcv, James A., M. O. June 10, 1805 '06 ' Dobbiiis, Andrew, crans. to 38 HI. Diiv, John ne F,.--ti r, Andrew G., M. O. June In, '05 Fosicr William, M. O. Jiinelo.'BS: wn.Id Glisten, David, died Mumfordville, III., Wlllii First fr>i,;e«iit. . Burns, M. O. June 10,'G5; wnd'd. Ha Sergeant. Iliam H. Frazier, disi Usability Corjtorals. May!), 1805: Kirkpi sHa lilti^n.di, ,.„1, M I, Jail Jam, IS .1. Ln.l.v. M. n .hi J/n,MC..ni. James E. Little, M. O. Ju Piiralc. Aihutr, F.zekiclC, di, Bnvil.L, John I;.. M le 10, -05: scrgt il.i.lii.-ii.-i: wild \ . n. C. Peb- iiit JuiielO.'CS I. .lime in, TiS ■111 lie 111,1805 1 I Inc. 10,1805 Sin. 111.1803 ','.-;ui.-lidcd IT. ls,;:i. ,t.\ilslivillc, Louisville, Louisville, !S,'l'.ldi,-bltv ilX Brooks, John, M. O. Ju niSTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 221 »terO(loutM»vl(!,'C3 i While, Nnthnn A., diec. March 17, 1SG1. M <> June 10, lKll.i I WilU-y, Alexander, died nt GiilUitin, ' 'lifd ftt Murfiees-l Teiin., iJecember 2:i, ISti/. i,iy27, isia I \i., died at Chatta- liecri.Us. Sto%,ii-.n Willi iiiii,..M O. June 1(1, '65 Adlison, David J.,tran. to 38 111. Inftrv, Spin, IIP. K. hi;. 1,1 .1 . iljcd at Louisville, I M. O. Feb. 7, ls6i;. Kv, I iri,.l,, 1 IT, Isi.-J. I Campbell, Louis F., trans, to 33 III. Thi.Tii|,.^.,n. Kill..- 1 1 1 1. .M. CI. June 10, '6.5 1 Inltrv. M.o. Kel.niRry 7. WM. Tnvlo ..l..-«|.|i.iniisi..|. ilcutlne. lo,'i,5 Dicilc.'v', Milton W., trans. to III. Inftrv. Thoni)!- II. Si.inii.l i; . M M ,li,no \li,'r,5 M. O. N.iv. '^7, ISG.'i. Tln.Tii,,-nii.s.unu. I II ,M " .limeH),'i» Wnlson, William C, trans, to III. In- Valenlm^, .lam.s II,. ill-r, ,liiiio :!0, '63 lantry ; M, O. Feb 7, ISOO. EIGHTY-FIRST INFANTRY. {'Ihree YfOTg* ^'m'icc.) This regiment was organized at Anna, Uni.m county, Illinois, in August 1862, in pursuance of President Lincoln's second call fur volunteers. James J. Dollins was chosen colonel ; Frankliu t'aiiipboU, lieutenant colonel ; A. W. Ro- gers, major ; W. S. Post, chaplain ; Zibedee Hammock, ad- jutant ; Dr. Dver, surgeon, and Dr. Campbell, assistant surgeon. The oaii of service for three ytars was adminis- tered August 2Glli, and on the 6th day of September the regiment was ordered to Cairo, 111. Embarked at this point for Columbus, Ky., October the 8th. On the 9th arrived at Humboldt, Tenn. November 12th went by train to La Grange, Miss., and was assigned to the Third Brigade, Colo- nel Stephenson, Third Division, Gen. John A. Logan, Seven- teenth Army Corps, Gen. James B. McPherson, Army of the Tennessee, Gen. U. S. Grant. November 28th began the Mississippi expedition, during which, till February 19th, the regiment was engaged in various duties, including many long and weary marches, and much suffering on account of exposure and short rations. February 20tii, 186.3, it broke camp near Memphis, marched to the Missis.>-ippi, and boarded the fleet for Vicksburg. On the 23d landed at Lake Provi- deuce, La., seventy-five miles above that city. April 16th embarked on boats down the river landing at Milliken's Bend, still twenty-eight miles above its point of destination. Left this place April 2.5ih and marched overland and on the 28th camped about a mile from the Mississippi, and below Vicksburg. April liOih crossed the river lauding at Bruinsburg, ]\Iiss. May 1st, participated in the battle of Thompson's Hill, near Port Gibson Miss. On the 12th did gallant service in the battle of Raymond. The regiment was going at double quick to assirt the Eighth when Gen. Logan rode up and shouted " Turn back, go to the right and flank them." They obeyed orders and a signal victory was the result. As they were passing by after the battle, Logan sat on his horse observing them. One of the boys saluted him with " Flank 'em. General." Logan replied, "That's the way to do it boys, flank 'em." May 14th the regiment participated in the scenes that resulted in the occupancy of Jackson by the llnion troops. On the 16th met the enemy at Champion Hill and gallantly repulsed several attacks upon the battery it was in possession of, and also did other effictual service. On the 19th the siege of Vicksburg was begun and the Eighty-First formed into line of battle On the 22d it participated in the general charge on the (nemy's works, losing nincty-.M.'c men -wounded. Adjutant Zebedee Hammock and Capt. Ward of Co. D., mortally, and eleven killed, including Col. Dollins and Lts. Warnock and Far- mer. June 24th Lt. Col. Campbell was promoted to the rank of Colonel. July 4th the regiment participated in the cereroonits attending the surrender of Vicksburg. August 21st began the expedition to the Washita, which ended September 2()ih. Early in October the regiment made an expedition to Clinton and Canton, fighting most of the way. November 13th Gen. Leggett became commander of the Third Division, in place of Gen. L igan. The Greenville expedition was begun Janiiary 10th, 1864. It was fruitful of small results, as the (nemy had left the country before the expedition arrived. This month the small-pox broke out in the regiment and several men died of it. The Eighty-First was not allowed to accompany its biigade in the expedition toward the Big Black River, early in February. Was engaged in the numerous skirlni^hes and marches of the Red River expidi- tion, from March 9th to May 24th, when it airived at Vicksburg. Immediately began the Guntown expedition, and in the battle of that j)lace, June 10th, called by the enemy Bryse's Cross Roads, bthaved with signal bravery. It repulsed charge after charge, driving the enemy from the front. It was the last to leave the field, maintaining its position till, with exhausted cartridge boxes, it was out- flanked by the enemy. In the second charge a Rebel color bearer was sh,>t and the colors captured. On the morning of the 12lh the regiment arrived at Colliiisville, twenty-five miles from Memphis, with a loss of one hundred and forty- one killed, wounded and prisoners, out of three hundred and seventy-one that went into the fight on the 10th. Of the prisoners, the privates were sent to Andersonville, and the officers, seven in number, to Macon, and placed in Camp Oglethorpe, as the prison was called, where we will leave them at present. The regiment remained at Memjihis, after its arrival from Guntown, until August 1st, when it left on transports, and went up the White River to St. Charles, Ark. The last of the month they moved up the river as far as Augusta. The boats were fired upon, but none of the Eighty First was in- jur d. Soon ri-turned to Duvall's Bluff, and took the cars for Biownsville Station, Ark., where it remained for some time. September 17th it engaged in Maj. Gen. Mower 'a expidition, after Price and Marmaduke, through Arkansas and Missouri. Marched to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, a distance of three hundred and fifty miles in nineteen days. Went by boat to Jefferson City, thence by cars to Otterville, and marched to Warrensburg, where it remained for some time. Oct'dier 31st took the train for Jefferson City, thence for St. Louis, and remained at the Benton Barracks for rest. November 23d embarked for Nashvil'e, Tenn., to assist Thomas against Hood. On the night of December 8th, the steamer " Thos. E. Tutt" reached Fort Donelson, and on the morning of ihe 9ih proceeded up the river. It had not gone far when the Rebels opened fire upon her, disabling and capturing her. Among the prisoners were six belong- ing to the Eighty-First. December lOih they were paroled and allowed to go to Fort Donelson. As a part of the " Detachment of the Army of the Ten- nessee," the regiment was commanded by Gen. A. J. Smith. December 15th engaged the enemy, and on the 16th com- pleted the wcjrk of defeat, following in pursuit as far as 222 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Clifton, on the Tennessee river, where the regiment em- barked for East Port, Miss. At this place it remained for a considerable peri' d of time. February 1st, 1865, went by boat to Cairo, 111., and thence to Vicksburg, Miss,, where it remained a few days and then embarked for New Orleans, La. Here the troops were re-organized, the Eighty-First becoming a part of the Sixteenth Army Corps, assigned to the Third Division, commanded by Gen. Carr. March 5th left New Orleans and on the 17th disembarked at Dauphine Island, and remained there a few days in camp. March 24th embarked and ran up Fish river, and then went into camp. Marched toward Spanish Fort, and happened upon the enemy in ambush, who fired upon the regiment, con- sisting of only about three hundred men, but were quickly repulsed. Left Fish river on the 26th, and marched toward Mobile, skirmishing most of the way. On the morning of the 27th the Eighty-First were deployed as skirmishers, and marched in pursuit of the enemy, who had deserted their camp. They fell back across a small river, emptying into the bay, burning the pontoon after them, and poured a desperate volley into the skirmishers as they halted at the opposite bank, killing one man and wounding three others. The fire was immediately returned, divesting the brush of the skulking enemy. From 10 o'clock, on the morning of the 26th of March, till nightfall of that day, the regiment fired l.'>,0()0 rounds of ammunition. It continued skirmishing till April :!d, when it was ordered to take its position in the brigade on the right of Spanish Fort. In the bombardment of the enemy's works, April 4th, it was ordered to the skirmish line, where it lost one man killed and one wounded. Participated in the charge, made April 8th, on the Rebels' works, capturing seventy-three prisoners, besides many small arms, and sustaining a loss of six men killed, and fourteen wounded. After the capture of Mobile, marched to Montgomery, where it lay until the latter part of July, 1865, when it went to Vicksburg, and was mustered out of service. It went thence to Ciiicago and there received final payment and discharge. July 29th, 1864, the officers of the Eighty-First, pi isoners at Camp Oglesby, Macon, together with others, were sent to Savannah, where they remained till September loth, when they were transferred to Charleston and placed in the jail yard. September 25th Capt. Reese and Capt. Bartleson managed to have themselves exchanged, under an order, for the exchange of Sherman's officers. October 4th an order was received to leave for Columbia, South Carolina. October 7th, were all marched across the Saluda river, and placed in custody at Camp Sorghum, as the prisoners called it, becau.se that plant with corn bread constituted their rations at that place. Most of the prisoners, including those of the 81st, had not tasted meat for two months. February 14th, 1865, they were sent from South Carolina, where they had spent five months, arriving at Charlotte, North Carolina, next day. On the 19th left Charlotte, arriving at Raleigh on the 22d. Were paroled by the Rebels for an exchange, which by reason of circumstances could not be immediately effected. The exchange, or rather the parole and discharge, took place near Goldsboro, North C-arolina, March 1st, 1865. MES FROM PERRY ( Cohnel. I'','"" Franklin Campbell, resig'd. - )[ , killedat Vicka- » 20, 'G4 Maja, James P. Cowan, M. O. August 5, 18G5 A'tjutant, Zeliedee Hammock, died of wounds May 29, 1803 LoKan H. Roots, promoted by the Pres- ident .July 6, 181)4 Lewis Dyer, mustered out August 5, '65 Semnd AssisUtul Hiirgcon. Abel Campbell, died May 27, 1864 Chaplain. Willi NOS-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Q. M. Sergeant. Charles C. Waples, returned to Co. A as private December 12, 18IJ4. Cyrus Crogan, M. O. August 6, 1805 Commissary Sergeant. George W. Ward, M. O. August 5, 1865 Principal Musicians. Joseph .\. Weeks, returned to Co. C, M. O. August 5, 1S05 Robert liouston, mustered out Aug 5,'65 Capttiin. William McNeil, mustered out .\ug5,'Co First Lieutenants. Samuel Pavne, resigned Jan. 22, 1863 John B. Kelley, mustered out Aug. i, '65 Second Lieutenant. Hugh Warnock, killed in battle May 22, 1863 Kills 1', ;. , ,l|.r h,n 11, -1,3; .lisablty Eat>n Uc'ime W,, M. t >. Aug 9, ■65;serg Etherton, Alouzo, sergt., d'd May 3U,'63; wounds Fitzgerald, William, died at Humboldt, Tehn.. April ID, 1802 Ferguson, George, sergt., mustered out July 22, 1865; prii Foster, Pete Gleeson, N)i')tf l>. Maya, 'iv'i.pris'r war John K. Darrough, discli. Dec. 17, 1SG2 Wagoner. Hugh R. Durrsugh, M. O. Aug. 5, ISlii Prirofei. Allen, Robert, M. O. Aug. .=^, isai Allen, .las Y., .M. O. Aug. .i, ISiiS Armstrong, James L., M. U. .\ug. 5, 'G5, as forporal Anderson, Kavid A., M O. Aug. 5, "Co, us sergeant .\sh, Nathan, .M. O. Aug. .% 'Ci, as corp'l .\9h, Wm., M. O. Aug. .% 'ivV as corporal .,T«. O. • " ■ ■ as 1st sergeant Brown, .\ndreH .*ug. 5, 'Co, Memphis, June II, 'W : wounds Brown. John P., d. Memphis, Fet). 14, V,3 Brown, G \V., d. Memphis, Jan. 31, 'CI Brown, Jas. L , d. Memphis, Feb. In, 'Ui Berrv, .Miles, d. Humboldt, Tenn.,Nov. Berrv, Elijah, d. Lagrange, Tenn., Not. ai.'t;:' Bigham, George \V., d. Memphis, Oct. ■J4, 'a Bridgewaters, Andrew, M.O. Aug,.'>,*65 Braden, Jas., M. O. Aug. 6, 'Go, as corp'l Borders,Simon P., d.at Memphis, Feb. ■Ji, 'itl Baiiv, Robert, 51. O. Ang. 5, "05 BilLs", Boi«, '02 Baird. Madison L., M. 0. Aug. 5, '65, as sergeant Coleman, James C, M O. Aug. .1, '65 Cunntngtian), Roljert P., died at Vicks- bnrg .lune 17, "03 Collins, William Cunningham, J.'unes H., died at La- grange, Tenn., Jan. 31, 'C3 ' I>obl.ins, Adam \V., M. O. Aug. 5, 'Ci, as corporal Dagcn, Konrnd, M. O. June 17, 'G5 Dev. .Moses \V., d. Memphis Feb. 20, '63 lleaii, Kliiali, d. Memiiliis, Mar. ai, 'Ul liav, John L., disch. May 31, T,.-), disab. Dorrc.ngh, Andrew, d. Slemphis, June •2-j. 'ui. wounds Ririie-t, Francis M., M. O. Aug. .■;, 'C5 Fair, Allied, captured June 1", lA Foster, John B , M. O. Ang :., 'la F.ister, Wm., died at Lagrange, Tenn., Jan. :ll. 'ii3 Ferguson, .Marmaduke, M. 0. May 29, 'IV',, was prisoner Fallon, Wm. J., M. O. Aug. 5, 'C5 (inen, Jiimes P., M. O. Aug. 5, '65 (irittilh. Wm. Y. .Irowned Kcb. 4, '65 HiiMiilt.in, liavid L., M. O. Aug. 6, 'W H:iiiiilloM, John F., d.at .Memphis Feb. III, "t^J Hniiler. Alex. d. Memphis. Jan 31, '63 Heiulerson, Samuel J., Jl. O. Aug. 5, '65, as corporal Johnson. .Vbram, absent sick at M. O. of Regiment Kruse, Washington, died at Lagrange, Tenn.,Feb. 10, GJ Kinzey, John A., M. O. Aug. 6, '65, as sergeant Luke. Robert, disch. May 26, '63 McMillan, Isaac W., disch. Bepl. 8, 'M McQiiaide, Daniel, absent sick at M. O. of Regiment Mcijuaide, Henrv, died at Lafayette, Tenn., Jan. IB, '03 Mcguaide, William died at Memphis, Feb. 22, '63 MeClane, Thomas, trans, to V.R.C. Oct. 14. '6:t Mark, Win , d. Vicksburg, Sept. 13, TJ .Milburn. Thomas H, died at Keokuk Mumford, James, died at Lagrange, Tenn., Nov. 22, '62 Milligan, William C, M.O.Ang. 5, '65,;as corp4iral Oldham. Wm. J. disch. >ov. 2", '63 Pommerhim, Robert, M. O. June 24, '65, was prisoner Pun-ell, Harrison M., trans, to V. R. C. Oct. 14, '13 Peek. Zacharias S. Paskill. William, killed at Ravmond, Miss, Mav 12, '03 Pa-kill, Uriahs, diseh. Nov. 20, 'M Quails, Neval, di-sch. -Alar. 28, '63 Robinson, John Sterdivnn, Join: Selfridge, Jason S., M. O. Ma.v 29, '65 Stephenson, John A., died at Vicks- burg July 22, '63 Stevens, .\ehilles, died at Jackson, Tenn., Dec. 9, '1.2 Tyler, Samuel, M. O. Aug. 5, '65 Woodside, Abner Y., disch. Feb. 2,**, '63 Woodside, Henry, died at Memphis June 26, '03, wounds Williams. John, d.Memphis Sept. 24, '6S Wellv. John. d. al .Memphis, Feb. 22, '03 Wilson. John A., disch. Dec. 17. '63 WiUoii. Geo. R., M. O. Aug. .1 "65 2U, '64 y, John, died at Vicksburg Mar. Rfcruits. Anderson. Joseph H. B., died at Mem- phis Feb. 14. '64 Armstrong, Slanin L„ died at Mem- phis June 3. '("4 Copcland, Richard, died at Memphis Feb. 14, '64 Craig, Alexander, corporal, trans, to 58 111., M. O. April I, '60, as corixiral Caruthers, John, trans, to 58 III.. M. O. April I, '66 Carter, William, trans, to 58 III., absent sick at M. O. of Regiment Deiiinger, George, Jr., trans, to 58 III., absent sick at 51. U. of Regiment Darrah, William H., trans, to 58 III., corporal, M. O. April 1, 'i*, as serg't Eaton, Joel, trans, to 58 III., captured at Guntown June 10, "64; discharged Franklin, George £., trans, to 58 III. Inf., M. O. April I, 'r* Fninklin, Jiunes H., died at Vicksburg Feb. 18, '64 Glaspel, Louis, trans, to 58 III. Inf., dis- ihsrgcd .Mar. "2, '00 Hiird, August \'., trans, to V. R. C. Mav 7, '64 HurJ, Alfred T, trans, to 58 III. Inf., absent sick at M. O. of Regiment Hinlon, George W., died at Vicksburg, April -ill, 'a .Mann, George, trans, to 58 III., M.O. April 1, "66 Poslen, Dent, trans, to 58 III., absent at M. O. of Regiment Presswood, Martin V., absent at M. O. of Regiment Robinson, .li.seph J., trans, to 58 III., died at Monlgomen", Ala., Dec. 7, 'ii5 Rosan. Smith, trans.' to 58 111., M. O. April 1, *00. as ritris>ral Selfridge, John T., di^ch. Mav 29. 'M Tyler, Ja.ob, trans, to 58 IIL Inf; dis- charged f..r di-mbility Wilson, Jas. T., trans, to V. R. C. Jan. •^». '65 Wilson. D. K., trans, to 58 III. Inf., M. O. Feb. 11, "lie, Williams. Austin, trans, to 58 IIL Inf., M. O. April 1.'66 Woodside.s, Thomas P., trans, to 58 III. Inf., M. O. Mar. -23, 'oo MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. OipOsiiu. CorporaU. Albert F. Crane, resigned April 6, 18rj>. John Andrews. Edwin P. Simmons, M.O. (as 1st Lieut ) John H. Lowells, captured June 10, '64 Aug. 5, 1865. Jason Winchester, m. o. Aug. 5, 1865, s private. Wn Firtt Lieuttnant. \. Stewart, resigned Dec. 5, 1S62. Second Lieutenant. Cregan, Cyrus, tr. to V.R.C. Sent. 22, '63. Campbell, John A., died .Aug. 14, 1803, wounds. Leonard G. Porter, honorably disch. Daniels, George W, disch. May 17, 186.3, May 15, I860. disability. „ ; Dennte, Peter, kilted at Spanish Fort, ~'9'°"'- ' Ala , .March, l»6a. Hugh Oliver, disch. Sept. S, 1864, dis- Daniels, Isaac, died at Lake Provid'nce ability. , March 7, 18CJ. McWaide, Criphicid, died at Memphis I Loucks, Henry W., traus to 58 III. June 21, 186;). McCord, John M., trans, to 58 HI., m. o. n^^n,iit I -April I, 1S66, as corpontl. ncrniiu. Wade, Benj.Hmin F., died at Vicksburg K ing, .Andrew, disch. Not. 25, '64, disab. | February 13. 1801. MUSTER ROLL COSIPASY K. I. I Holder, lohn. killed at Gi rttown, .Miss., Dee. CVlJltljilK. Samuel Pyle, Resigned June 24, 1863. Lycurgus Rces, mustd. out Aug. 5, '05. Jmks, Ji^lin, died at Lagrange, Tenn Firtt LUuteHttttt. Edwin .A. Green, hon. disch. May 15, '6.5. Second Lieutennnt. William Needhain,regign"d Feb. 14, '6."?. Robert G. Rees, must, oat (as Sergt.) Aug. 5, 1805. First SergeanL Thomas North, m. o. .Aug. 5, '65, as pvt. Sergeant*. Nathaniel P. Farr, disch. Feb. 24, 1863, disability. James Gill, trans, to V. R.C. July 1, '64. C'orporat$. William Miller, Sergt., died at Ander- Q'uilmaii, sonville Prison, 1864. Sudy. A»a, 1 JohnR. Lipe, m. o. Aug. 5, '65, as Sergt. Still, John, trans, to V.R.C, May, 31, '64. George W. Gearing, d'a at Holly Sp'ngs, Smith. James, disch. Feb. K', 'la, disab. '. William B., died at Lagrange, Tenn., Dec.8,'6'2. Keller, Joseph W., died at Jackson, Tenn., Dec. 16. 02. Keiper. Patrick, disch. July 15, '6.1, disability. Lipe, (Jeorge W., m. o. Ang. 5, '65. McCleland. A lexauder, m. o. .Aug. 5, '65, as eorpoi-al. McMill.in, Joseph, disch. Feb. 26, '63, disability. McMillan, William, disch. Jan. 15. '63. McL'tjIliini, William, died at JelTersou- ville. La., April 2, "o.",. Manin, Jeptlia. m o. Aug. 5, •fA. Pyle. Lpliniim. m. o. Aug. 5. 'IV^, as cor. , disch. Feb. a4, 03, disa. Mi: . Dec. 2u. Fer'att. iel7,'G5,' n'ttgoaer. Henry M. Chambers, di'dJi Prirutes. Bidwell, Cj-rus, died at St. Louie, June 1 Croiran Tl 30. '63. - I •• '■ • - 5 pris. 1 14, 1803. Stickell, Wm. disch. Vaneil. I>atri.k. in. o. : W.l-on, Archibald, •!» disabil ty. Wilson, George, died at Lagrange, Tenn., Jan. 31, '63. Wells, John H., m. o. Aug. 5,65. Wiihlgam- ed, Josiah F., died at Grand Gulf. Miss, Mav II, '63. Whalen, Michaef, disch. May 26, '65, disability. RecTnUa. Brandon, .Mart Lake Provl March I trans, to 58 III., il 1, '66, as corporal. died at Memphis James G., died dence. March 18, '03. Bellamy. William, killed at Guntown, ■ fuWow Ale Miss.j June 10, 04. I „. Aphl. 1 Bvars, John W ■- " »"~ ' '"'■ -. »«~ .. '. . Carnim, .Maria..., , _.. Crowel, William B., m. o. June 17, '65, was prisoner. Crowel, Sylvester A., ra. o. Aug. 5, '65, as corporal Derringer, Jacob, disch. Jan. 10, '63, disability. Gill. Edwiji.d.at Jlemphis. Xot.25, '62. Clark, Thomas, flied at Rome, Ga., July 1 o.Aug..S 65,asserg. Hage. John, trans. 10 58 III , dis. Oct. 3. disch. Mav 2.', '6:t. : Jones, Berrv W., died at Rome, Go., " '•■- " " July 1, '64.' Johnson, Lewis, trans, to 58 III., died near Sloiitgomery, Ala.. Jan. 24, '0<-.. Keller, Andrew, died at Memphis. July i, '114. Young, George C. died at Alexandria, La, .May 14, 'M 1 M., al^ent sick at 1 of regiment, endcrson, Kdwin, died at Lagrange, Burk, George W. EIGHTY-SECOSD INFANTRY. [Three Fears' Service.) MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. Sccoml -iMis/a/il.— Herman Deitzel, mustered out June 9, 1805. EIGHTY-THIRD INFANTRY. {Three Years' Service.) MUSTER ROLL COMPANY E. Bccruit>.— Holcomb, Ola W., discharged May 28. IS'"..'', disability. Henrv, William, trans, to fil III., mustered out Sept. «. ISi'.5. Vnatsignal Secruil.— Heath, .Morgan L., died at Camp Builer, III., Feb. 11, '64. EIGHTY-NINTH INFANTRY. {Three Years' Service.) The Eighty-ninth, called the Railroad Regiment, was or- ganized by the railroad companies of IHiiiois, at Chicago, in August, 1802, and it was mustered into the United Slates ser- vice, August 27th. It participated in the battle of Lawrenee- burg, Perryville, Stone River, Liberty Gap, Ciiickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Rockyface, Resaca, Pickett's Hill, in the investment of Kene.'aw Mountain and of Atlanta, in the battle of Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. It was mustered out of service .Tune 10, IMi"), near Nashville, Tennessee. Was discharged at Camp Douglas, .June 24, 1805. 224 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Privates. Allen, D:ivid S, m. o. June W, '65. AndiMsuii, Wiilmm G., disch. Mar. 10, •tii, disKbili y. Bayles,-, : - Brainier. .lisiibilil... Carroll, Charles. Catim, William B., trans, to V. R. C, March 1.% '04. Caton, Wilson F., m. o. June 10, '05, as Dodge, .William. Estoi., J. C, die. I March 22, 'G4. GMrBC, Ji>so N., di-ch. Aug MEN FROM PERRY COUNTY. Simson, D. W., trans, to Eng. Corps, July 27, '64. Suesbery, G. W., disoh. Jan. 29, 'G3, disability. Silkwood, H. M., died in Andersonville Prison June 24, '04, No. of grave 2,430. Shaw, John. Tinsley, Henry, trans, to V. R. C. Nov. 20, ISKi. Tvrell, J. E., died at Louisville, Ky., 'Feb. 3, 'C4. Teaney, E. A., disch. Feb. 16, '6.3,di»ab. Witcher, G. B., disch. Jan. 17, '04, di.-ab. Weaver, J. H., trans, to V. K. C, April 26, '03, 2i, '64. Griiv./^, .l"'liii, .li-' \prii K, 'ri:(, disab Gull-^, .1 .1 , .li-. ! h.v . ..!. disab. Hui.,|.liiv>. 1 1.- ^1 ..u,.n„-,-d. MidJIit-". V \'< . 1" ,. .lull.- 10, '06. Monk, ^T^''M■ge 10. , isch. Mar. o, 'C4 Monk, .Joseph C, m 0. June 10, '05. Rice, W. S., m. 0. Ju le 10, '65. Snow, Zu.nion, trans . to V. R. C. Sept 20, '03. ReCi uils. Caleb, m. o. July 22, '05, Barton. prisoner of i Baker, John. Burton, Stephen, trans, to V. R. C, Feb. 29, '04. Giles, Hallaway, died at Nashville, Tenn., May Hi, '05. Henderson, Alonzo, disch. June, 1803, wounds. Rogers, James, disch. Feb. 24, '63, disab. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY C. Corj)oi-ai.— William H. Daniels, mustered out June 8, 1865. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY B. Becruils.— Rogers, William J., trans, to ,10 III. Rains, Hugh G., killed at Chicliamauga, September 10, 1803. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY D. iSlr NINETY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. ( Three I'eai-s' Service. ) MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. :cr«i(».— Uieediuir, Enoch, mustered out Juno 3, 1865. Ouihousf, J. F. Smiih, John F., died at Camp Butler. ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND INFANIRY. (Three Years' Service.) MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A. ufleet, Olis B., rau.-tered out June 6, 1805. MUSTER BOLL COMPANY D. nccr, Josiah, mustered out June 0, 1SC5. MUSTEK ROLL COMPANY I. rd t.j r,.iiks, trau«. to Co. A, disch. Nov. Hiiuni y 2J, l.^i'.l, di.^ability. CyrpornL— Ch Pricatei.— H Huiiiphi . I'lilliI', , En.av, MEN FROM PERP.Y COUNTY. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Seraeaiil-.ir.yor— Joseph L. Murphy, Pro. First Lieut. Co. H. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY B. Serifeauli. , Wilkersnn, Hiram K Josiah Willis, trans, to Co. A, as co: olidated. to Co. A iidated. M. O. Juno 8, 1805, as Corp'l. Wheeler, Anthony C, trans, to Co. A as consolidated. M. O. June 8, 1808. Privates. Strir-klin, WillKiin S.lnms, to Co. A I „ asr,,„„,li,l:il,.,| .M .1 .him^ 8,1865. Becrmf. Wilkt-r-nii Will I- luiii- tn Co. A as Watts, John D.. trans, to Co. ^ i;oa.solid.ilrd. 31. u. JuUL- s, 1805. ' solidated. M. O. June 8, 1858, .MUSTER ROLL, CO.MPANY F. First iieli(eniiii(. I Serfleanl. Carroll, Payne, resigned Feb. 12, 1803. Jonalhan J. Browning. Second Lieutenant. ! G. r.ayne, killed, Deo. 31, 1802. ale. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY G. i>,ioa((s.— Wilson, Samuel, trans, lo Co. D as consolidated. Wilmore, Henry, trans, to Co. D ascon.solidated. Williamson, Jas. C, trans, to Co. D as consolidated. MUSTEll ROLL, COMPANY H. P' ivates. Kelley, Matthew. Osburn, Benton. Payton, Alexander. Stroud, John D. ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH (CONSOLIDATED) INFANTRY. ( Three Years' Hervice ) MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY A. iiecrua.— Wdkerson, Hiram K , m. o. Juno 8, ISO:-, as Corporal. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY C. iie.r<.tl.-Kcllcr, Robert G, mustered out Juno 8, 1805. .MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY D. John P. Watson, m. First Lieui Joseph L. Murphy, t Second LU David W.Gillespie,! Thomas M. Jones, m Mallhew Rule, Jr., u as Private Thos. Mines 10, 1804. to V. R. C, March n. o. Jun ! 8, 1805 IhitmiMi. I- iihiaun, m. o. Junes, 1865. MillinnM, .Milton, trans, to V. K. C.,Jul. 2,s, 1804. Milligan, .Jas. C, m. o. June 8, 1803. MilllKiin, Wm. H , disc. May 28, 1S03. ' ■ 1805. , K, Willn 1.1. o. June 8, 1». .1, m. o. June 8, I8C-.. i-[., died at .Nashvil Jl, 1803. my, ra. o. June 8, 1805. died at Chattanooga, Jan. Wm. N. Staten, m. o. June 8, ISO.'i. Robt. J. Logan, Sorg't, died on David's . harbor, Apl. 16, 1865. ud, N. Recruits. Anderson, Wm. P., m. o. June 8, 1805. Bird, John, m. o. June 8, t80.5. Clorry, James, m. o. June 8, 1S0.1. Jones, Pendleton W., m. o. June 8, ■ .;, 1, Privates. .\met. Thos., died at Chattanooga Dec. 3, 1803. Amet, John, Disc. June 1, 186,3. Bridges, Andrew J., m. o., June 8, 1865. Brown, Isaac R., m. o. June 8, 1365, as Corporal. Brewer, J.asper M., m. o. June 8, 18C3. Cunningham, Wm. T., m. o. Juno 8, 1805. Campbell, John P. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY H. C«ptai, Wn . K. Murphy, resigned Feb. 20,1803 grown, Fra s D. Hoge, m. o. May 8, 1803. 5''"?''. ' May i Second Lieutenant. James Richie, resigned Dec. 19, 1SG2. Sergeants. iS.SIawsi The i J. .\ble 1- died Dec. G, 1802. Cor^oraU. Thomas Ozburn. 1,1,1,1,1. Pendleton W. Jones, Jr., trans, to Co. l '-'■ 1 , ' '1 1 !-<■. D as consolidated 'I'l' - '^'J, Richison Collins. I " ,","'| , .p 1,^ Prioates. 1 1 , " w ■,, - . Adk ins, Martin. II, 1,1 1,1, ,,1 liarles. Bridges Richard .\., died at Louisville, i Iiii;|i(, ,\ii.ln\v J. Ky., Dec. ■29,1802. 1 ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH INFANTRY. (Three Years' Smvicc.) MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A. MEN FROM RANDOLPH. ilemiil— Patterson, Thomas G., disch.arged Deeeiiibcr 13, 1804. MUSTER ROLL CO.MPANY B. Private— Ijeslcy, .Alexander, mustered out Juno 0, 18G5, as Corporal. MEN FROM PERRY P) ieale— Fitsimmons, Charles, mustered out Jlay 30, 1805. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. (Three Years' Service.) The regiment was organized at Camp Butler. Illinoi.s, iu September, 1862, by Col. Resdon M. Moore, and was mus- tered into service, September 19, by Captain Washington. The regiment in its three years service, was engaged in six battles and thirty-three skirmis-hes, niaichid 2,o07 mile.=, traveled by water, 6,191, and by rail, 778 miles. It wa.s mustered out of service, August o, 186.5, ;it Camp Bntler, Illinois, by Captain James A. Hall, United States Army. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. Prifa(cfi— Gerlaeh, August, mustered out .Vugust 5, 1805. Hamilton, Tliomas. Huber, Jacob, died at M- i?ccjiii(— Myerseough, Jo-cpl &ip.>mi— Nicholas, Roitz, m Piivale , H. f,,n,pM-y;;v ., 1SG4. mustered out Nov. 24, 1805 ',„i't'.\',',gii;;i ored out Augi d out August I 1; 1805, as Sergeant. 1 G. 1803. 1S0.-1. St (i, 1805. , 1805. ilecrujf— Crook, William, trans, to 33 111., muste ut Nov. 24, 1805. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 225 ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. (T'lree Yeirx' Sercicc.) NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. MEN FROM PERRY COUNTY. Hospital 8(«ifftrd— Miircus L. Ros.s. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. ( One Ilwtdnd Dnyx' Serrice.) MUSTER ROLL COMPANY D. Pr!»(>/»— .McElv.iinc, Aidlia C, mustered out Sept. 24, 1804. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTIETH INF.4.NTRY. (Three Years' Service.) The regiment was organized at Ciimp Butler. Illinois, in October, 1*^62, by Colonel Nathaniel Niles, and was mus- tered into service on the 25th. Moved from this point, November 10, 1862, arriving at Memphis, Tennessee, on the 18th, where it did provost duty. Moved from this point to Liui-siana. Marched from Alexandria, up Red river, driv- ing the enemv to .Sabine Cross Roads, where, April 8, 18(14, they defeated the Union forces. The ne.xt day, fought at Pleasant Hill, where the confederates sustained a complete repulse. In October, was ordered to New Orleans for pro- vost duty. While here, by order issued January 21, 186.')^ was consolidated with the Seventy-seventh Infantry. March 1st, the consolidated Seventy-seventh was transported for duty and placed before Mobile, Alabama. Was "engaged in the entire siege and capture of Spanish Fort, Biakely and Mobile, remaining constantly under fire. July 7, 186.3, per order, the One Hundred aud Tliirlieth was revived and was mustered out of service at New Orleans August 15th, and on the 26th, at Camp Butler, Illinois, received final payment and discharge. MEN FROM MONROE COUNTY. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A. , i«ra. OtpllliM. ed \"n cd M« John W. Gall, m. ... .it eon.«cilidalion. Fimt Lifnteiinnt. William H. Miller, dicj March !>, isn3. Fintl SftnjeftHt. Robert S. .\le.\rindcr. SergetwU. John R. Co.x, died at Carvollton, La., Sept. -1, InM. Joseph V. Lao.v, trans, to 77 III. re-trans. m. o. June 17, 'tio, prisoner of war. Tho9. Reillv, died at Vieli-*l>urg, AuK. •,;l, ISKi. Ira Stanton. Lewis lirokaw, trans, to Co. C. 77 III., re-tran-.m. o. June I7,'6.>,pris. of war. Elijah Fields. Cliailea Drver. Alonzo M. Danner, trans, to V. R. C, Oct. 1, IS'B. William Shook. ed at St. Louis Priiiiilct. Acnew, Monroe, traus. to Co. C, 77 III , re-trana. to VW. m. o. June 17, 'l>5. Prisoner of war. Bettis, Daniel, ii-ans. to Co. C, 77 111 , re-tians. to l:!ii. m. •<. Auk. 1'>. 1Si>.'>. Behler, Frederick, trans, to Co. C. 77 Ills., re-lrans to l:lO. m. o Aug. 1.5, v,j. Bales, William, tr.ins. to Co. C, 77 Ills., re-tran«. to Mil. m. o. June 17. 18ii5. Pri-soner of war. Butram, William A., trans, to Co. C, 77 Lakins William Ills., re-trans, to 130. m. o. June 17, McLaurar, John, trans, to 77 Ills, 1865. Prisoner of war. Aug 15 18^5 29 Clark, James J Sept. ■>», 1811.1. Clark, Leaniler. Casev, .Midi-ew. Coon. Levi. Cabiiek, Theodore, died at New Or- leans, I,:,. Dix.iii. William, trans, to Co. C, 77 Ills., r.'-ti;ins. ni. o. June 17, 'iij, prisoner Dillon, Michael, trans, to Co. C, 77 Ills., rc-tiaiis. ni. o. Aug. 1.. 1805. Hon liiii!. John, trans. u> Co. C, 77 Ills., re-trans. Everett, Traverse. Evman, Kdward J. Fisher, John, trans, to 77 Ills., re-trans, m. o. Juno 17,' iio, prisoner of war. i Folks, Andrew J., trans, to 77 Ills., re- trans, m. o. June 17, '65, prisoner of Fields. Jothnm, trans, to 77 Ills., re- Fields, Samuel W. Fiosi, E.lward W. Griffin, .Michael, trans, to 77 Ills., trans, in. o. June 17, 'li5, prisoner ■r. Ja rlv. Preston. I Harper.'Jolm H., tran.s. to 77 Ills., re- I trans, m. o. May 2:;,"ii.=i. i Hilton, James S., trans, to 77 Ills., re- \ trans, m. o. June 17, *65, prisojer of Inihoir, Christian, trans, to 77 Ills., re- traiis. m. o. Anir. l-"», 'G.V Kell.v. Timothy, trans, to 77 Ills., re- ti-nns. m. o. June 17, 'ti% prisoner of Leisure, David, trans, to V. R. C, Oct, 14, 18113. Lacv, l..ftonidas W. Leu-is. TMomas B.. trans, to 77 Ills.. re-lrans. m. o. June 17,' 65, prisoner Miller, Austin, died at New Orleans, Oct. -Ig, 18;;:). Miller, Juines, trans, to V.R.C^^Jun? 28, 1.SI14. Masters, Turner M., died at Camp But- l-r. 111. .Nihl. -, llnih, II ,iis.!o77 111., re-trans. Wilkerson, William, trans, to 77 III . re-trans, m. o. Auk. 1."). \Wn. VValfn, Edward W., trans, to 77 111., reirins. m. o. Auk. 15, 1865. Whitu-ide, Hiram, irans. to 77 111., di.«. March I-i, 18A disabilitv. W.alker, John L., trans, io 77 III., re- 1 17, ldiJ5, as pri.^oaer \i i 11.. trans, to 77 111., of war. 1- 111 .1 \!i:;. 1,5, 1865. Workman, Frederick, trans, to 77 111., .l..-|.li. tians. to 77 III., re- reirans. m. o. Auk. 15, 18 -1.5. in, o. .Mln. 15, 1855. Wootcrs, John, trans, to 77 III., retrana. allies, trans, to 77 III., re-lrans. m. o. June 17.''i5. prisoner of war. uni- 17. Uq:,, prisoner of war. .liisepli U. Itremitn. Ii.liii W., tran.s. to 77 111., rc- HogKs, Thomas. t.i 130 Int. m. O.June 17, 18G.5, .lohiison, Thomas. -1- of war. Lane, Hiram. \iiilrew J, trans, to 77 HI., re- Miller, Frederick, trans, to V. R. C. in i:ili Inf. m. o. June 0, IS65 June 2>, 181)4. dull, John. Miller, Reuben. I:iiiles E., trans, to V.R.C-Sept. McCaiill.v, Michael, trans, to 77 III., re- *. trans, ni. 0. June 17. '65, prisoner. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. ( One Ilundre I Djyn' S^ni-e } a— John W, Phillips, mustered out Oct. il, lSi;4. i.dr.S., N0>"-C0MM1SS10NEU STAFF. -Walter S. Elston, mustered out Oct. 2-2, 1804. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A CajiUiin. ,m Bowlby, m. o. Oct. 22, 1864. Second Lieutenant. mt N. Pope, m. o. Oct. 2-2, 1804. Firtt Serjeant. m Onslott. died at Columbus, Ky., \af. 2, l.s(i4. Serijeant. Simon Sprague, m. o. Oct. 22, 1804. CorpornlK. ■Tolin P. Stiai^-hl, m. o. Oct. 22, 1804. L V 111 i- ILinson, m. o. Oct. -22, Willi! Willi, Burgess, Joseph H., m. o. Del. 22, 1834. Hu'ler, Itailev, m. o. Oct. 22, 18n4. Co.i, liaiiriel W'., m. o. Oct. 22, 1804. Duchroit, Jame.s, a'lsent -ick at m. o. of reKt. Dunn, cliiirles H., m. o. Oct. 22, 1864, as Houston, ,lohn, m. o. Oct. 22, isr.4. Hoovey, ll-zekiall. m. o. Oc. 22, 1301. m, died at Columbus, Ky., ,.11, Lewis, Willia Julv 31, l.si; McCollin, N., m. o. Miffin, .lolin J., m. o. Moss. Allre'il s, m. o l{"ineh;irt, Andrew, r Richards, George W 1804. , IdOI. 2.', 1S04. 22, ISlrJ. .1 t. 2-2, 1804. ivned Aug. 3, Privates. I, m. o. Oct. 22. ii, isw, Sandford John A., ni. o. Oct. 22, 1864. .Sanders, Henry, ni. o. Oct. 22, 1804. Stuck house, I.-aac, m. o. Oct. 22, 1804, ;4 ' as corpornl. 2> vj .Spoils. William, m. o, Oct. '2-2. iar4. •'2 '-64 Stewart, Wilunin, m. o. .Nov. 18, 1864. o 'Oct Thoinp-on. I'Mf, m. o. Di-t. '22, 1864. ^ "• "^ ■ VouKlit. Albert, iii.y.. Ocl. 22, IS64. is. E., m. 0. Oct. 2-2, 1304. Wel.lon. Matliew W., m. o. Ocl. 22, ■64. 1-^ Si\mn^nn in o Oct -'-' '04 as corporal. norat "^ ""' Yearian,^Mari.,n, m. o. Oct. 22, 1864. Till C'iptmr. mas F. (lay. First I.'cale •■III. Joseph B. Curlee. S cmiii LiailiiiinU. Joseph L. Stedlan. FuKt gel-rjraiit. Ezra Woods. Sergeants. Isaac D. Kellev. Henry W. Vales. George Linsey. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY D. Mustered Out October 22, 1S64. Bowman, I'ri; Burr, Williaii Butler, David Brown, Andri , He Corpara't. John S. Winthrnpe. (iideon B. Wilcller. Jasper Keller.* William H, .McDowell. Cornelii Pvie W. R: .Wirs.Vinri, Gefirce W. .shoiifT. Joseph Shelpnian. Hlckson, .Natli! Drew, Johns. iJun.-an, Frano .Ian Edivi nklin. K. ~ I,., ll.lirv. --,..,1 i, li.iVsillia. S:iiidcis, Lafayette. ToppiuK. James. TeiiKue, .Marion. Tebo, Amaziah. Tample, William.) Viin.iossdale. Isaac. Vinevai-d. Albert B. Whitley, .Samuel. ;;tr™,(.-Bell, Edwii Hester, Monti • A- Private. t A« Corporal. } Absent Sick at rn. o. of regiment. J Died at Colilnibus, Ky., Aug. 14. 1304 I Died at Columbus, Ky., Sept. 15, 1SJ4 MUSTER ROLL COMPANY G. P.imi-.. Church, Lrtfaye-te, m. n. July 14, 1.lrK5. Clarke, Win. C, in. o. July, 14, 1S05, as corporal. Ezcll, Jfi.hn m.o.July 14,18;4,a«corpl Nailor, H., died at Alton, III., May 2-1, 'OC Randolph, J.aspcr, m. o. Julv 14, IS05. ■ ih, in. o. Julv U, 18(i-i. s, E,,dicdatDaquoin, 111. W'illii Weligamojdd, G., m. o, July 14, 1S05. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. CapfoJn.— Jason J, Sanburn, mustered out July 14, 1?65, ftcc™i<— Stophi-n, John, muswred out July 14, 1805. 226 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND FERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. {One Years Sei-vice.) MUSTER ROLL COMPANY, E. Viidff,— Taylor, Francis M., discharged May 10, '65; disability ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH INFANTRY. {Oue Yearns Service.) -Wils \V(.i: MUSTER ROLL COMPANY I. n, Jolm. e\; George, mustered out Jan. 1«, l8G(i. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY SECOND INF.4NTRY. {One Hundred Day's Service.) The One Huudred and Forty-second Infantry was organ- ized at Freeport, Illinois, by Colonel Rolliu V. Ankney, as a battalion of eight companies, and ordered to Camp Butler, where two companies were added, and the regiment mustered in June 18, 1864. June 21st, moved for Memphis via Cairo and the Mississippi river, arriving on the '24tli. Moved to White's Station, 2Gth inst., 11 miles from Memphis, where it was assigned to duty at guarding the Memphis and Char- leston railroad. Mustered out of service October 27, 1864, at Chicago, Illinois. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. JWfijor.— Charles .1. Childs, mustered out Oct. 27, 1S04. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY G. P)ii«i(f.— Uiown Cli.avles E , mustered out Oct. 2(i, ISOi . MUSTER ROLL COMPANY H. Andr Willi; Seroiid Lieiitfin.int. • B. Hogard, m. o. Oct. 27, 1804. Crawford Jain* Ellison, Ale.xa Grass, .John F. 1 Ncvill, Scrgetut. o. Oct. 26, lSf,4. Corpora/8. George Winfield, m. o. Oct. 26, 1804. UlricTi W. Wilsoi], m. o. Oct. 26, 1804. Tyler W, Seders, m. o. Oct. 26, 1S04. Privates. Allmon, 11. C, m. o. Oct. 26, 1804. Bowman Wm J., m. o. Oct. 16, 1864. Bridgnmn Jackson, m.o. Oct. Hi, 1804. Clearv Jlichael T., m, o. Oct. 10, 1S04. Cochran, Thos. H., m. o. Oct. 10, IBM. MUSTER ROLL Cnptain John Stevenson, m. o. October 27, 1864. First Lieulenarl. Daniel P. Baker, m. o. Oct. 27, 1804. ScroT.d LUutenant. Charles C. Lawson, m. o. Oct.27, 1804. First Sergtant. Francis B. Anderson, m. o. Oct 26, 1804. ' Sergeants. i . David L. Murphy, m. o. Oct. 26, 1804. Stewart, Orr, m. o. Oct. 2ll, 1864, for re- ' : enlistment. j . Wm. W. McDonald, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864. I . Wm. Clittenden, m. o. Oct. 20, 1804. Uorpnrals Andrew Given, m. o. Oct. 26, 18IU. James Nelson, m. o. Oct. 1804. Wm. J. Crawford, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864. Wm. M. Baird, m. o. Or.t. 20, 1804. Wm. M. Brown, m.o. Oct. 26, 1804. John Gallowav, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864. Nathan Hanuon, m. o. Oct. 20, 1804. Joseph E. Davas, m. o. Oct. i6, 1804. Privates. Amett, Theophilus, absent sick at ni. o, regiment. Anderson, John H. m. o. Oct. 20, 1864. Andrew, Robert, m. o. Oct. 26, 1854. Benson, Lewis A., m. o- Oct. 26, 1864. Burns, Wm. J., m. o. Oct. V6, 1864. Bolinger, Lewis, m. o. Oct. 26, 1804. Bailey James T., m. o. Oct. 20, 1804. Cain, Chas., ditd at White Station, T. Sept. 2, 1804. Crawford Wm. G., m. o. Oct. 26, 1864. Crittenden John J., m p. Oct. 20, 1804. Crouch, John W. m. o. Oct. 26, 1864. Cuthbertson, John, m. o. Oct. 20, 1864. Couch, Milton, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864. H., m.o. Oct. 10, 1864. ler. m.o. Oct, 10, 1804. ■n. o. Oct. 10, 1864. m. o. Oct. 10, 1804. VV., died at White Station, , 1804. ^\ . Til, n ("in 'If; 1,S64. ■Iiiili.n, B,. .Ii.d at .Memphis, .luIvS Thomas, John W., m. o. Oct 20, I'sc corpoi-al. Woods, George, m. o. Oct. 26, 1804. 1 ■' . 1-114, . 20. I8ii4, ■ ■■ ■■ -■■., 1864. ■' I -1., 1804. 11, llct.2», 1864. , o. Oct. 26, '64. I, '20, 1S04. Ill I JO. IKIU, Petitt, Jamt- s W, in, i Rainev, Geo. VV. ' Rowland, Geo. W. Stevenson, Robert J. Simpson, James T. Smith, Geo. W., m. o. Oct. 20, 1864, for re-t-nlistment. Sproule, Matthew, m. o. Oct. 20, 1804. Stewari, John G , m. o. Oct. 2i;, l«o;. Thompson, Jos. B., m. o. Oct. 20,1864. Tavlor, Jolin G., m. o. Oct. 20, 18ii4. Temple, James M., Telfer, Wjlli,ar Toverca, Hartley. Troester, Fred., i . Oct. 21. o. Oct. .;iso(, 21., 1804. Watson, Wm. C, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864. White, Nathan A., m. o. Oct. 26, 1804. Wvlle, Henry C, m. o. Oct. 26, 1,864. Wlilflngion, Pleasant, m. o. Oct. '26, '65. 1. Oct. -20, 1865. Oct. '26, 1865. Itecrmt. m. o. Oct. 26, 1865. MEN FROM MONROE COUNTY. MUSTER KOI.L COMPANy H. Pr irate.-. Oldendorph, George, m. o. Oct. 20, '64 | Woods, Jeremiah, m. o. October 26, '64 ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-NINTH INFANTRY. {One YeoT''s Service.) This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, February 11, 1865, by Colonel William C. KuefTner. On the 14th inst. moved to Nashville, Tenn,, and thence to Chattanooga; was assigned to duty guarding railroads May 2d ; moved to Dalton, Ga., and July 6th, to Atlanta. On the 20th was assigned to guard duty in the Fourth sub-dis- trict iu the District of Allatoona. January 27. 1866, was mustered out at Dalton, Ga., and received final payment and discharge at Springfield, Illinois. MEN FROM MONROE COUNTY. Ml'STEK ROLL COMP.INY H. Lingeman, Joseph, ni. o. Jan. 27, 1806 Politisch, Wiegand, m. o. Jan. 27, 1806 Siapp, John, mustered out Jan. 27, '06 W^eter, Jacob, mustered out Jan.*27, '06 , Peter, mustered ( . 27, '06 1, 27, '06 . 27, '66 MUSTEK ROLL CmiV.K'SY K. Deitz, Anton, mustered out Jan. 27, '60> (Joldman, Andreas, m. o. Jan. '27, '65 Gross, Jacob, mustered out Jan. 27, 'C6 Habermehl, Joseph, m. o. Jan. '27, '00 l.eiser, Louis, mustered out Jan. 27, '66 Mund, Fred, mustered out Jan. 27, '66 , Nicholas, m. o. Jan. 27,'G6 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH INFANTRY. (O/fc Yt^ar's Service.) The One Hundred and Fiftieth was organized at Camp Butler, February 14, and mustered into service on the 15th, and it left for the front on the 18lh, 1865. Did various guard and garrison duty, till January 16, 1866, when it was mustered out at Atlanta, Georgia, and moved to Springfield, Illinois, where it received final payment and discharge. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY'. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY F. Second Lievtenants. David 8. Dicken, trans, to 136 Regt. U S. Col. Troops George W.Clark, mo, as serg. Jan 16,'66 j Hicks" J Pfion(«, ! Lansa'nce, Thaddeus, Bequelt, Ambrose, m, o. .Taniiarv 16, '66 Henderson, Isaac Hicks, Cornelius, died at Cleveland, April 2U, 1865 in. o. Jai Peter, died at ft Jan 16, 1866 larvie, '66 Palmer, Joseph,! np"Butler, Rom.an, Joseph, III., March 7, '05 ' Strickland, W. H. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. ( One Years Service.) This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, February 21, 1865, under the call of December 19, 1864. On the 24th inst., left by rail for Louisville, Kentucky ; ar- rived at Nashville, Tennessee, on the 27th, where it was de- tained by floods till .March 2d, when it went by rail to Mur- freesboro. Remained here, doing picket and guard duty till May 13th, suffering severely from exposure to cold rains. Marched for Tullahoma, May 15th, remaining there until HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 227 June 11th, when it returned by rail to Nashville, Tennessee Here it was put on picket, guard and garrison duty, and many of the officers on courts martial and military commis- sions. September IS, 1864. was mustered out at this point, and on the 29th inst. it received final payment and dis- charged at Camp Butler, Illinois. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. G-Juii.J. Major. PraDcis Swanwick. mustered out Lieut. Col. September 18, 1805 Principal Mmii NOXCOMMISSIOSED ST.\FF. aeob Mathews, absent ; sick a nuster out of Regt. . o. Sept. 18, 18t», ML'STtK ROLL COMPANY C. Stcotid Limlenanl. Derousse, Joseph S., r •^•.beneier M. Been, resigned May 19, '65 ■ Derousse, Peter K., m , I assergdnnt brrgcant. Derousse. Thomas, m ' *nry G. Gray, mustered out Juy. 22,*65 ' as corporal „ , I Derousse, Henry C, m. o. Sept. 18, 'C5 Corporal.. ' Derousse, Emanuel, m. o. Sept. IS, '65 Archib.ild J.Luther, m. o.Sept. 18. 181,5 Guthrie, William M. I'heohelis Boncherie, m. o. Sept. 18, 'Co Jackson, William, m. o. Sept 18, '(53 „ . , LaFlaur, Joseph, m. o.Sept 18, ISC". ""■"'"■ ' Lawvalle, Emirtii, m. o. Sept. 18, 18C5 \Ur >gge, Henry, died at Tullahoma, Mont'?ry, Antoin", m. o. Sept. 18, 1805. Teim., June 8, 18'i.i Stockstill. JohnS., M. O.June m, '65 Boncherie Gdward, m. o. Sept. 18, 'lio Smallv, .\niiis, M. O. June lu, 1805 Dirousse, Louis B., m. o. Sjpl 18, 1805 Truit, George, M. O. June 10,1805 MUSTER ROLL C0MPAS7 F. Fred'ck Trieft?, M O. lieut. Sep. 18, 'C. Finl LictlteH'int. James M. Malone, M Client. Sep.l8,'C5 S-^ond Lieutenant. Harmond Hanson, .M. <>. as sergeant September 18, 'Ci Ferdinand B. Rotrnok, .M. O. Sep. 18.'G5 Nelson R. Grain, MO Sep. 18, 'Ri William Gibson, M. O. August 21, 65 Carporlttjt. Edmund VI. Crittenden. M. O. May 23. 18i'rf>, as sergeant William C. Brown, M. O. Sept. IS. ■&:, Wm B Tntum. M O. Sep. 18, '01, priv. James W. Pettit. M. O. September 18.'05 Henrv Sternburz. .M. O. Sept 18. '65 Owen T. Crisler. >t. O .Mav 2>, '65 John M.;Menoni», M. 0."Sept. 18, 'i;" Philip Rhinehardt Pricn!es. Anderson, William L., M. O.Sep. 18, '05 Anderson, Archb'ld T.. M. O.Sep. 18.05 Barker. LaCnvette, M. O. June Iip.'OS Bureue, William, .M. O. Sept 18, '65 Beckman, Henrv, died at Tullahoma, Tenn.. June s, '65 Broughtou, Lafv'tte W.,M.O.May22,'65 Brown, William H., M O. S.-pt. IK, 'la Bjwman, Williiim J., M. <). S -pt. 18, '65 Bridgeman. Jackson. M o, S -pt. Is.'ai Bridgeman, William F..MC). Sep. 18,'65 Bruch, Adam, M. O. Sept. 18. '65 Binuett, Henrv, M.O.September l«,'65 CrumwidW, Dedrich, M. O. Sep. 18, '65 Caldwell, William F., M. (). Sept. 18, '65 Cemmas, Jacob, M. O. Mav 23, 1865 Cochran, William M., M. O. Sep. 18, '(a Crawford, William, d. at Jetfersonville, Ind., September 'i. 18'.3 Cleary, Michael F., M. O. Sept. 18. 'lA Crisler, William F., M. O. Sept. 18, '65 Casey, Henrv W., M. O. Sept. 18. '65 Couch, Milton. M. O. September 18. '65 Durkee. Alfred W.. ». O.. Sept. 18. "la Donnldson, Alfred J., d. .Murfreesboro. Tenn., Sept. 18. 1805 Evans. Edward, M. O. Sept. 18. '65 Eggamair, Fred, M. O. July 4, '65 Frajier, Samuel, M. O. Sept. 18. '65 Fray, Moses J.. M. O. Sept. 18, '05 Gordon, Parker, M. O. Sept. 18. ca Gale. William J.ab.: sick at M. O. reg Grossman, Henry, M. O. Sept- 18, "65 Glenn, Eliivi G.. M. O. Sept. 18. '65 Hei t. Henrv, .M. O., Sept. 19, '06 Holloman, \Villinm M., (1. at Murfrees- boro, T.. March :t, 'iki Ireland, Peter, M. O. Sept. 18, '65 Ireland, John J., d. at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April 1:1. 05 Kramer. Andrew. M. O. Sept. 21, '65 Keller, Henrv, M., O. .Sept. is, '65 Kanemann, Henrv, M. O. Sept. 18, '65 Ki-llv, Nicliol;is W., M.O.Sep.18,6 .eorp. Lawrence, ls;.a' H M. O. S.pt. 18, '65 Luckhar|>t, C;irl. ^I i' ^ftit is. ■(..'> Louleryoune. i: 1 '.M ti - ir is, "to Louis, Miclin.'l. M " - ir 1-.' ■ :. Latfertv, Jam -s ,i , >1 1 1 ^ p is, ■.,.-, Mi.spla' - Ind., Feb. IV. died at Murfreesboro, , April 11, ck at M. O. reg. t. 18, ■■ May il, '65 M ■ I.:.. I ,:i, . M i.l. Mav 2:1, '65 M I I ■••n, I/., ri- ■ I. M. O.Sept. 19, '05 N.'5 i Waters John N., M. O. Sept. 10, '65 i Woolschock, Thomas, M. O. Sep. 18, '65 Welge, Frederick Welge, Conrad Were. August Worlev, Andrew ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. {One Year's Service.) This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, by Colonel Gustavus A. Smith, and mustered in February 28, 1865. March '2d, the regiment, !*04 strong, moved via Louisville and Nashville, to Tullahoma, Tennessee, and was assigned to the command of Brevet Brigadier General Dud- ley. In June the regiment was divided into detachments, numbering twenty or thirty men each, and assigned to guard duty on the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad, occupying the block houses from Nashville to Duck river, a distance of fifty miles. Was mustered out of service September -Ith, and moved to Camp Butler for final payment and discharge. MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. Ml'STER ROLL COMPANY A. Noah Smith, M. O. Sep.4,'65, as private Corporalt. Harrison, Talbot, M. O. Sep. 4, '65 John H. Skidmore, M. O. Sept. 4, '05 Fiiilev, James, M. O. Sent. 4, '04 Hamrnell, Frederick, M. O Sept. 4, '66 Kennedv, John, M. O. Sept, 4, '64 McLashin, James, M. O. Sept. 4, '65 Muelbach, C.nrad, M. O. Sept. 4, '55 Skidmore, John B., M. O. Sept. 4, '65 Skidmore, James, M. O. Sept. 4, '65 Skidmore, Andrew J., Sept. 4, '65 Spurgeon, Lewis, M. O. Sept. 4, '65 Snyder, Cliristopher, pro. 2d LieuL MKN FROM MONROE COUNTY. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY A. Fic..b, M. O Sept. 4, '05 ; Quick, William, MO. Sept. 4, '65 i Reinhold, Loreni, M. O. Sept. 4, '05 R.issnmn, Andrew, M. O. Sept. 4. '65 I Setlick, Thomas, M. O. Sept. 4, '65, oa I wagoner Steinkamph, Fred'k, M. O Sept, 4, '65 I Schmidt I'eter, M 0. Sept. 4, '65 1 Weber, Peter, M. O. Sept. 4, '65 I Zusan, Henry, M. O. Sept. 4, '65 17, '63, Wil.ly, Henr.v, M. O. Oct. 21, '05, 1st Recruit. n, Eugene,d. Dec. 4, '64 sergeant Cunninghac FIFTH CAVALRY. {Three Years' Service.) This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, in November, 1861, and Hall Wilson was appointed Colonel. Randolph county was largely represented in the Fifth as will appear from the subjoined roster. February 20, 1862, went to Benton Barracks, St Louis, Mis.souri, and March 3d moved to Pilot Knob, and thence to Doniphan. April 1st skirmished with the enemy, capturing three camps, kill- ing tliree and taking seven prisoners. Arrived at Jackson- port, June 27th, and joined Curtis' armv and marched to Helena. October 22d, Lieut. Elliott and seventy eight men were ciptured after losing one man killed and six wounded. In June, 186;}, made a reconnoisance to Mcchanicsburg, drove the enemy ten miles, skirmishing heavily, capturing forty-three prisoners, and losing one man killed and seven wounded. August 21st, encountered Blytlie's rebel cavalry at Coldsvater and defeated them, losing one man killed and five wounded. In October, took part in thecalvalry charge at Brownsville, routing General Adams. January 1 1864, many of the regiments re enlisted as veterans. February 27th, Colonel John McConnell assumed command of the regimeut. At this time eight companies were dismounted 228 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. for garrison duty. During the month of September the battalion was at Jackson and Port Gibson, engaged in fre- quent skirmishing. The Fifth Calvalry with the Third United States Calvalry, charged the enemy near Woodville, driving him in confusion and capturing three cannon. Re- turned to Vicksburg, October 11th, and thereafter spent several mouths skirmishing. In January went on an expe- dition to southern Arkansas, and northern Louisiana, re- turning February loth. July 1st, moved to Te.xas via Red river, arriving at Hempstead, Texas, August 2Gth. Mus- tered out at Springfield, October '27th, and received final payment and discharge, October 30, 1865. MKN FROM R.\NI)OI,ril COUXTV. Jlf.ijur.— JamLS l':iniani, vesig'd Sopt. 30, 04 NON-COM M ISSIONED ST.4FF. Sngeuril Majur. JLtsyilal Stewanls. James W. Marklinm, M. O. Mch. 2, '(iS Thnmna S. M.inision, disch.Oct. 31, .(.i, Q. M. Sercieimts. Mim'ifi'i;d''vV. Uolrook, M. 0. June Ij, r,5 J osepli Neville, disch. Out. 31,04; tf-rm expired ytlcrinary Sttrgeonft. llnstlev T..vfra,disch. Ort.2fi, 'i;2 Commt.\,\.""., Charles J. Childs.resig, Jan, II, T,:! -< i-' Siconrf l.hDl-vnnt. '-. _ , . William Maxwell. 31, C), Oct. 27, 115 \ > Ce.mpmmQ. M.Serge.ml. .ii>, • ■ Cliarles C. Anderson, M. O. Ont. 31, •|;4 Bovd, R.i Ser.jeiwtt. p.l.;ri;i,iii Jame.s W. MeQuiston, 31. O. Ort.:!l.'ii4 ( h,,,l,.|i, c..rp.,r..h. '■;;;;i„,". William Ft'."'"'!' rliseh. Jtine 4, '02, ri'iinil.T •.<■, ool-p'l.d. at Vieksbu Recriiits. vet , 31. O. Oot. 2T, T,:. amuel. M. O. Jlav 24, ' II, .M. O.June 1,5. -1,5 ■ lied Sept, 21, '63 .li die. I June i;, '02 ,iet , M. (I. Orl. 27, as I I- i ■. ! ■ Peter I . Saniu, , - \ Alex;, II. 1^1 . Louis J. L'a M, ' .. T. 31. '(',4, private i ; dAug. 13,'P2 1 31.0. net. ol, '04 i I. Oct. 31. '04 I Ijowtlier, Robert, mustered out Oct.' , 51. O. Oot. John T., die.l Oc Buyler. John F. Farnan, disch. Oct. 15, 'C2 disability SoAdler. Hciirv Hildy or WiW\ 21, 05, as 1st Seig'l FuveUes. Boudonot, Tobias, died Jan. 24, accidental wounds Breiihaupt, Frederick C, trans V. R, c. Aug. 1, '03 w K. .1.. ■/, . . .■: iM,.j Burk, John \f ., vet., 51, O. Oct. 27, '05 Mii,,). , ..i-., asserg't .M. i .in.i. j, ,, , '.\ ,i .M,n .':;, 1805, Beiatt, Vestal, disch. May 3, '62, di.sab. 31. ( ;.ii.u iji. , .\K .\.;ii.u i, i,i. u! 3Iav 25, Chrismann.Peter, vet., M.O. Oot, 27,'6i 1S05. Conant, Sullivan, died Sept. 30, '02 5IcLaughlin, 5tichael E., died Julv 8. Douglas, Lancev, vet, died Sept. 3&, '62 1804. Doniiil, Edward, vet : McEldry, Samuel, m, o, Oct. 27, 1865. Fulton, Robert, vet., 51. O, Oct. 27, '65, Ogdeu. John, died while absent sick. asserg'i I Petit. Natli.an C. m. o, Oct, 27, 1805. Fraiislo. Fniz Perry, William, dischargedSept.3, 1803, , 1S65. . 1S65. Gordon, Andr.w J., M. O. Oct. 31, '04 Gral.niii r...l't \. t , M. O. Oct.27, '04 Girlev, M , \. i , 31. O.Oct. 27, '04 HardniL'.r, Ai..li.u , vet, M. O. Oct. 27, di>ahi James. 1 Keys, Hi Kr"mvi. King, R. Lawler, ■.I Sort 5, '01 '.iln.k II , .I... I . innl>..ii 1 , .I1..I .l.ilv I'l, '.;; ij.le, Fr. .1 1., .I,..l >..|it. -.LX - il.erl.M u. Lict..)!. '04 .Nicholas, M. O. Oct. 31, '04 Wound Toorea, Elias. Tiiomas,. David V iliiiiiu, Jr., dud .Nov. 7, ISO:). W llliam. m. o, Oct. 27, 180.5, Emanuel, died July 5, 1865, SIXTH CAVALIiY Ei;i:IMENT. ( Three Years' Service ) This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, November 19, 1861, and soon after left for the field of ac- tion. At Columbus, Kentucky, it «as divided into three detachments, which during the spring and summer of 1862, operated against the guerrillas. At Dyersburg, Tennessee, and Olive Branch and Coldwater, Mississippi, it met with signal success, with a loss of two men killed, six wounded and one taken prisoner. Early in the fall of 1862, the de- tachments were re-united at Memphis, and November 26th, constituted the advance of General Sherman's army in its movements south toward Grenada. January, 186.S, it went into winter quarters at La Grange, Tennessee, and did good service against the numerous bands of partisan rangers in that region. Thus engaged, on one occasion, it surprised and routed Richardson's command, near Covington, Tennessee, captur- ing their entire camp equipage. March 29th, a detachment gallantly repulsed a superior force by which it was surprised at midnight. Gen.W. S. Smith issued an order compliment- ing the officers and men for their gallantry. April, 1863, it was engaged in the expedition which, un- der Col. B. H. Grierson, made the famous tour through Jlississippi and Louisiana, traveling about eight hundred miles. At Port Hudson, Louisiana, June 3d, it had a heavy engagement with the enemy and lost two killed, four wounded and three taken piisoners. Near Jlascow, Tennes- see, December 4, 186.'), it took part in a heavy engagement sustaining a loss of five killed, six wounded, twenty prisoners and two missing. March 30, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. August 13th, it was engaged at Hurricane creek, Mississippi, as a part of Gfneral Forrest's command. After skirmishing for several days with Hood's army along the Tennessee river, a brisk engagement of five hours fol- lowed, at Lawrenceburg. It took an active part in the bat- tle of Franklin ; arriving at Nashville, Tennessee, the last of November, l.'^64. December loth and 14th, it partici- pated in the cavalry charge, capturing nine pieces of artil- lery and a ntimber of prisoners. It was mustered out of service November o, 186.5, receiving final payment and dis- charge at Springfield, Illinois, November 20, 18G5. MEN FROM PERKY COUKTY. Lieutenant Colonel. — Reuben Loomis, killed Nov. 2, 1863. NON-C05I5IISSIONED STAFF. SnAHer.— David 51. Fligor, m. o. Nov. 5, 1865. 5IUSTER ROLL C05IPANy C, Corporal. Privutt Robert L. Yancey, m. c Sergeant, 1865 as Ml:STER ROLL CO.MPANV I Captains. Thomas W. Lippincott, resigned July 0, 1863 Wesley F. Fallon, m. o. Nov. 5, 1805. First Lieutenants. James H. Gordon, resigned April 25, 1802. Benjamin F. Guiteau, dismissed Dec. Geo. W. i 28, 1803. George I . (as 2d Lieut.) ' Lawrenc , Hiram P Caleb H. Throp. Isaac N. East. John G. Fulton, private. Oct. 14, 1804, HISTORY OF RAyDOLPIT, MOXROE AND PERRY COUXTIES, ILLIXOIS. 229 Calvin Branile AHritis, Isaao n . m. o. Dec. 10, 18fi4. Bmn.lon, Mnrlin V. Ti. Willinm, m. o. Dor. in, 1, lsc."i. Cliirk. James 1\, ni. o. Nov .% 1,SC5, a.s Serjeant. Dve, Tlioma.s, rliseli. at Decatur, Ala. Fligor, James K., m. o. Nov. ,% 18C.i, as i Hickman, Thomas J., m. o. Nov..'),18io. Moore, HuKh, m. o. Nov. 5, I80J i Pyle, Tliomas, m. o. Nov. 3, 1805, as .Scr- Veant. Robinson, Georpe H. m. o. Nov. 5, ISCl. Stenger, Louis, killed at Bulortl,Tenn. Dee. 24, 18i;4. i'ljre, Boone, m.o. No ■. 3. 180.5. s18li.5. . 5, lSii.S , .5, 18r..i. , Willi; H. .No Strgcanls. Jonathan G. Clark, m. o. Nov. .■;, 1SC.5. ^atllau C. Slcbbtii», 111. o. Nov. 3, 1803 lijt Sergeant. .. 14(15. 'mphis t'ofponilg. I .■leni;iii, Elijah .M., m. o. Nov. : Uavi.lson. Henry Desonier, .loseph, died at M May 8. 1K,4. Giav! John L. lienning, .Mbert O.. m. o. June IT, 1803. Paea, Joseph, m. o. Nov. 5. 18G.3. Harii-av, William D., died at Memphis S.-pl.V., 1SI14. I!i.-liie, Van Nov. 5, 1805 1 Kola neca . No Samuel Moore, 5,180.5. ■ Wilks, William MUSTER ROLL COMPANY L. John J. Clark, m. o. Nov. .-., lsr,3. i'nV<./f.-Pellam. Joh ML'STER ROLL COMPANY .M. Prk^ilKS. JtfCruilf. Ballard, lohn | Herner, Lawrence Haiiett. Tin King, Geoiu Itiici.ic. V» Bur n, Saiul. H.. k. Mempliis Aui: Pace, W e.-lev S. SliH-,(i..l,lman, veteran. W liUe, Tiniuthv, ni. o. Nov. 5, 186.>. cliibald MEN FROM MONROE COUNTY. Jir.STEl: ROLL COMPANY B. i(<-cru(«.— Smith, .laeoh, died Aug. LI, ISM, wounds TWELFTH CAVALRY REGIMENT. Tlirrc )Vrtr.^' J^'cfrice. Ml'.srER ROLL CO.MPANY B. FurnVr.— Daniel Faus, .liscliarv'e.l for disahilities. Ml'STKlt nOLL COXirAXV U. flMTBiVi.— Dalton, James, mustered out Nov. .i, 1803. Felltoii, John II , ni. o. Noveiiiljer 3, IbOj. MfSTF.l! EOLL COMl'ANV I. Btci-Ki/.— Robertson, James, dieil at Memphis, June 14, 18c;4. IXASSIOXED liKCKVlTS. Robinson, James, m. o. )L'>y -21, ISIm. | Ward, George, mustered out May 21, 1803, SEVENTH CAVALRY. {Three Yearg' Seriler.) The Seventh Cavalry was organized in September. 1^01, with William P. Kellogg as colonel. Randolph county was represented in it, as the appended roster will show, by a considerable number of men. The regiment participated in many of the important engagements of the war, and bore an honorable and important part in each. MEN FROM UANDOLPH COUNTY. MUSTEH KOI.I. CO.Ml'A.SY M. OiplmM. 1 <3. -V- Srrgea,ii. John P. LudwifT, resiRned May 2R, 1S02 ' John A. Ritz, disc. Oct. 1, '02; sereeant BernhardC. Janssen,resgnd. Jne. 1,'iM , ... Charles Stoll, mustered out Nov. 4, '03 Sergeanls. y rst Li'utetinut. John Nicholson, m. o. November 4, 'Oi Sfcoud LientemtHlt. John H. Jlever, resigned May 'JS, 1802 Henry Nieholsun. died October II', la Charles Valier. declined commission August Lesaire, mustered out Nov.4,'0; First Sfrgeanl. Thaddeus C. S. Barker, disc, .hi M. i He y Neuber, m. o. October 13, 1SS4 Jacob Zimpleman. disc. ^ray20,'fi2; pvt Charles Hatlicrt, in. o. October 13, 04 William H. Foley, vet., mustered out 1 November 4, '05 as sergeant 10,02 Philip Thon.discGet. 7, '02; disability William licckmcier, disc. June 1.5, '02; Ratlicrl, Frederick, tran.=. to V. R. C. disal.ilitv .luiie 21, 18114 Charles Wiking, m. o. Oct. 1.5. '04; serg Ratlierl, Henry, m. o. April 24, "65; pris. Henry Idecker, Vet., mustered out war N«»vember 4, '05, as sereeant. Ros.-meir. Frederick, trans, to V. R.C. Jacob Koenigsteiu, disc. April in, '0.1 as April 2s. lsi,4 sergeant; disability Pcliiirliar.il, rhas. vet . m. o. Nov. 4, '05 Sippel. H.-Iiiv,.|. luAlldels.invillepriS Hi'illn-s. St.iek, Cliarh-s, trans, to V. H. C. Aug. Daniel Fiekies. mustered out Oct.l.5,'il4 2, 1«H Henry iinukenbriiig, diedat St. Louis Scli.aefer, Stephen, vet., mustered out December 2, 1802 ll.iiry l: tier, d. in Ande Dlnrk^mirh. rsonville pris Louis Va n Cohen, yet., m Si'iilUr. .O.Nov. 4, '03 liber -i, 181.5, as eorponil Schliehner, J..hu, v.-t., mns.ered out Nr.vcmb.r 1. 18.1.5, as Serg.'aut Sira.-Uli.-ili, Louis, ni. o. April 21,1805, Starr, .loseph, vet., absent ; sick at m. o. of Keist. Siehcit. Henry C, d. in Andersonvillo pri-.ii, .\.iv. 10, 18.14; No. grave 12,'ili5 Herman Mueller, m. o. October 15, '04 Scliimeii;al]. Fi ..Icrii.k, d. at Jackson, I'.imla. ■l\-llll.. rt.-pl. 22. 181.2 Scliw^ulz. .l.i-.-pii. m. o. 1.5. 1801 S.-li\v:ii u, Aii.lr.w. .1. in Ander.sonville pri^.iii .\tit:..s. Isti4; No. ofgrave 01U3 SheiKTl, A.Iain, in. o. ' let. 1.5, '01: corp S.-liiiei.ler, Jacob, trans. toV.K. C. Aug. 2.I.S04 I.' I ..., 1 i.,i. \t;„ o„. (,,.c. Thmn. Got(leil).m. o. Oct.1.5, 18i;4 Ba.''.;!lla\Ti!'rmiiste;e;iomif.tll" Tillman, George, .li.-lat .St. Louis Aug. ^'7:ii:"!:i^''-Uu::!'^':^>''^o^f^l1^i V.niiercharles, pris. war. com. 2d Mile pn.>. .Inn..... 1.4: .No. (rinie 1...8 i ,...., ,-,.„ ,„„',.;,',. ,.i..„„ „„n,i.,.,, i,,,. .VHen. Miner E.. mustered out .\pril i:'., 1.S03; pris. «ar Andeiuaii. G.-..rge. vet., died at Mem- phis November -2.5. 1804 Blaltiicr. S^iniuel, m. o. April I.?, l..iC3 4.1s Blitz, John, niusteied out Oct. 1.5. 1804 , Blatter. Riui.lolpli, m. ... Jan. 10, 1805; P1110I...1 pri,.,ner Im. IcT, Casper, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1.SC.5, I'ii k. i.'l'ijiir.id, d. in Andersonville I ii-.iu SL-,,t. 17, lsi;4; No. ginieniiTii I. Niiiiro,l,d. in Anderson vilk- oris. I-.. , I i.-.leri.-k, in.o. oeiobcr 1.5, IsiU I II! 1 li..la....l.. liiil.teredolllOct.l.5,'.14 I - : . !..l..hn. vet., m. o. N..v. 4,180.5 '. ; . ir. I liail.-s, m. o. Oei.iI.er 1.5. l.S.;3 .. in..n.l. lleiirv..lisc. Feb. l.i,'i«:dsl.lty H :i~i. I. Ueriiiaii. tn. o. 0.-tol.,-r 1.5. '04 llii.:.i:.:iii. Ernst, vet., disc. Dec. 3, '04: . Nov.4,'(>5 •. Nov. 4, 1803 N..V. 4. 180.5 ill. disc. Oel. C, '02; JI. I'.l -t. .M.-lehior. vef„m.o. Nov. 4, isi',3 , I. I'l l',.i.-T. rasper, disc. Nov. — . 'la: dsbltv I; i i.l l;..-.,i;....rge.di.sc. April ll..'i;3: dsbltv , ,n ,., ,. i ,. , ; j. ,.,, liathert. Cut, vet., m.o. Nov. 4.'0-5:corpl Wiililii.iiui.. i:iii.-l., ii.. ».. Nov. 4, 1803 Ratheit, H. William, dise.0et.31, 1802, Witte, Frederick, m. o. November4,05 disability Weniz, George, m. o. November 4, l!Oi TWELFTH CAVALRY' REGIMENT. (Three Years' Service.) The Twelfth was organized in February, ^^Cy2, at Chicago. Arno Vo.ss being its first colonel. In pursuance of general orders issued March 2d, it was consolidated into an eight company organization. MEN FROM PEURY COUNTY. .MUSTER ROLL. COMPANY A. /'.■.rn(r«.—Brenizer. Charles G., trans, to Co. C as consolid.ated. Disc. Aug. 23, 180.5, di.-abilitv veteran. Passmore, Francis, transferred to Co C. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY C. Scr,jraut. Reason. John W , Vet., trans, to Co. C „ ^1 , r. .. . -IS consoli.iated. M. O. Breni/.iT, Charles G., Vet. Russell, B. 51 Pi-jVrt/^* i W'ils.m, Wm., Vet., died at Baton /iirorrt. Rouge, Li., Oct. 23, 1804. Blakemore, James. i Worth'ing Joshua Costelton, John, Vet., refused to muster ; Davis, Jas., Vet., trans, to C.>. C as con- soli.iated. ' RecraOt. L.anea.ster Nelston, died at Camp But | oieason, David. ler, lll.,.Mar.h2ii.i.s.i2. i Wilson, Jackson, Jr. Passmore, Wm.,(iie.l at. Vnnapolis.Md., ' * Oct. 30, 1,803. Wounds. Vna,si,r,td BccTuit. Reason, David, Vet., trans, to Co. C as * consolidated. M. O. Cor. .May 29, 1803. Covington, John. 230 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. nsolidated. Died at Browns TENTH CAVALRY REGIMENT. (Three Years' Service.) MUSTER ROLL. COMPANY D. fiecnii*.— Taokett, .lames H , trana, to Cc Ark., Feb. 10, 18i«. THIRTEENTH C.4^VALRY. (Three Years' Serviee.) This cavalry regiment was organized at Camp Douglas, Illinois, in December, 1861, by Col. J. W. Bell. It was armed and equiped at Benton Barracks, Missouri, February, 1862. It was on duty in southeast Missouri, until June 1, 1862, when it joined General Curtis' command at Jackson- port, Arkansas, and moved with it through that State, re- turning to Missouri in the fall of 1862. It was with Gen- eral Davidson in the campaign of southwest Missouri, driv- ing Marmaduke and his command from the State In July, 186.3, it moved with that commander into Arkansas, and had the honor of first entering Little Rock, after its cap- ture, September 10, 1863. In the spring of 1864, it accom- panied General Steele in the expedition to Camden. It was engaged the balance of the year in scouting, raiding.and picketing. After this it did guard duty until it was mus- tered out August 31, 1865. It received final payment and discharge at Springfield, Illinois, September 31, of that year. MEN FROM PERRY COUNTY. Lieulen.iiil-Cohiid.— Stephen Wetmure, disc. Deo. 31, 1884. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Chief Biij/h-.— Hugh Smitli, disr Sadrller Sergenut.—Btivid C. Stedl ML'STER ROLL. COMPANY D, Cu,,tai.: : U.ilXTt.s,,n, .Toll Zebedee P. Curlee, m. o. Sept. 10, ISiH. „;V'".t •'■;,-'■ l?'" ns. to Co. F. M. i.i Lkulei Sept. 10, \ng. 31. 1805, Austin, Wni. A., m o BeneSiot" .loliii, m. o. Aug. 31 , ISfio , Bolton, Tlionias F., died at Benton B ks 1 l-i' April a, ISM. Earles, Robert, m. o. Aug. 31, isro. Fa's Alex., trans, to Co. H. Died at Camp Bntler, 111.. March lo, 1864. Hester, Reuben, m.o. Aug. 31, 180o. Hiekersnn, William, m. o. Aug, 31,180.5. Kent, Wm. M., died at Pine Bluff, Ark., Sept. 20, 1864. Mathews, Bevf Robe, ts.in, Wm. H , m. o. Aug. 11. 180.n. Srono', Andrew, die.l at Pine Bluff, Ark, .Julv .30, 1864. Stuart, David C, m. o. Aug 31, 186.5. Williams, Christopher, disc. June 25, 18IU. Recriiila. 11, Fred,, r Craig, Wm. A. m Fallon, Don C , Corporal. Fallon, Georzel (irifHn, Benianii H.-t.-r. .l.iliH, in uKhl.. Iraus. to Co. H. ins. to Co. H. i'ngh, fhom'as. died at Camp Butler, III,, Feb. 13, 1864. Pugh, Bales, killed near Pine Bluff, Feb. n, 1860. JIUSTER BOLL, COMPANY E. P, iidlc— Peel, Daniel T. MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY P. o. June 16, 186.5. Aug. 31, 1865. . o. Aug. 31, 1865, Aug. 31, 186.5, 1. Aug. 31, 1865. Ninian E. Orten, in. o. Aug. 31. 18ii5. First Li'-ntentJtitB. Benjamin H. Crain, died Aug. 10, 1864, Wm. E. Sparron, m. o. Aug. 31, 18C,% Secmi Lieiitemtnt. Wm. S. Junkins, m. o, as Sergeant, Aug. 31, 186.5. FirtI .'ScgmiU. Wm. E. Sparron, promoted 2d Lieut. Co7n. Scrrjeatit. William Yates, Jr, died at Pine Bluff, Ark., Feb. 25, 1SG5. Sergeants. Thus. Hammock, priv., trans, to Co. C. M. O. Aug, 31, 18C5. Samuel Sfiaffcr, m. o Aug. 31,1865. William Rue, m.o. Aug. 31, 1865. Jonathan Chiles, died Pine Pluff, Ark., Dec. 16, 1864. James N. Mahar, m. o. Aug. 31, 1865, as private. Citrporah. Joseph H. Gr.aham, m. o. Aug. 31, 186.5, as Sergeant. Cvrns W. Lind.say, trans, to Co. D. M. 'O, Aug. 31, 1805, as Sergeant. Samuel Evans, died at Tamaroa, 111., Nov. 20. 1864. John McKee. m. o. Aug 31, 1.865. John F. Hunt, died at Pine Bluff, Ark., Feb. 7, 1865 John W Dobbins, m. o. Aug 31, 1865. J.mathan J. Howell, died Aug. 28, 1804, Wounds. James J. Elans, m.o. Aug. 31, 1865, as ■ Sergeant. PriviiUn. Anderson, William, disc. Oct 7, 1802. Disability. Brownlee, Win, R., m. o. Aug. 31, 1865. Baughman, George M. m.o. Aug. 31, 1865. Baker, Newton, G., m. o. Aug. 31, 1865. Bardness, Abram,m. o. Aug. 31,1865. Barclav. Wm. G,, m. o. Aug. 31, 1865, as rd, John W., m. o. Aug. 31, 1865. us, J.ames, m. o. Aug. 31, 18B5. IS Joseph, m. o. Aug. 31. 1865. stian, Archibald, died Pine Bluff, Iv 7, 1804. ■. r, Samuel E., m. o. Aug. 31, 186,5. man, John L., died at Alton, III., av 3, 1864. ;, William M., died at Camp But- -.111.. Feb. 5, 1864. ■v, Henrv, C, m. o. Aug. 31, 1865. es W., m. o. Aug. 31, 1865. Pugh, A>i , Aug 31, 1865. Penear, James 1., m. o. Aug. 31, 1865. Provins, Wm. S., Disc. net. 8, 1804. Rice, William H., m. o. Aug. 31, 1866. Ridgwav, Edw'd, d. atPine Bluff, Ark., Aug. 9, 1864 Ridgwav, Robert C, m. o. Aug. 31. 1865. Raider.'William, m. o. March 8, 1865. Renfro, Mark W., m. O.Aug. 31, 1865. Sterling. J. R., ra. o. Aug. 31, 1865, as Cor. Sams, Benj. F., trans, to Co. D. Disc. March 4, 1865, as Sergeant. Thos. W., m.o., Ang. 31,1865 Stilly, gilas, M. O. Aug. 31, 18Gi Dixon, Wm., m. o. Aug. 31, 1865. Deason, John B., m. o. Aug. 31, 1865. Falls, James A., died at Pine Bluff, Oct. 12, 1864. George, James L., m. o. Aug, 31, 1865. " ih H, Ml. II Aui; 31,1,865, Hnlrlungs.I'ihii Harris .Ii.lin ,\I , Hall. Wm, \ ,.iie Julv 10, 1864. Hardsock, James Hester, Thomas, Hugs, Peter. Johnson, Mordec Kennisou, Thorn ,11, IS ;l, isi, . 1864. Lawliead.Wm,, m. o. Ang. .31, 1865. Marlow, Aiex., died at Pine Bluff, Aug. 31, 1864. Murphy. John, m. o. Ang. 31, lsn.5. Morniw, \ Miller, James N., Pro. Asst. Surg. 07th Malkey, Isi III. Inftv. :i isiu McKee, James, m. o. June, 11, 186,5. .i:!.. :- r. Marshall, Theophilus, died at Pine s: '> Bluff, Aug. 6, 1865. II Mahar, Joseph, m. o. Aug. 31, 1865. \\ li n -, I Nailer, Christian, died at Camp Butler, W .liji, W n III,, Feb, 6,1804. Yeaiian, Fi Thomp'son, Jaa. d. Pine Bluff, Ju 18, '64 Tolbert, Sherrod W., died Camp Butler Feb. 11, 1864 Tinsley. John M., M. O. Aug, 31, 1865 Tavlor, Henrv. M, O. Aug, 31, 1865 Tavliir. .n.lin M , M O, ,Iune 20. 1865 Tiii^K.v, Isaiah, M O Aug, 31, 1865 ■ri,,..st..r, (ieorg.-, M II, Aug, 31.1865 ■|'li..iij|.siiii, Henrv, .M, O, Ang. 31. 1865 Tucker, Henry .M. O. June 20, 1865 Walter, Clifton M. O. Aug. 31, 1865 Ward, Daniel, died Brownsville, Arfc., June 14, 1884 Rcr.jllits. Crane, R.anson N., M. O. Aug. 31, 18«5 Cross, William E., M. O. Aug. 31, 1865 Crump, Chas. M. M. 0. Aug. ,31, 1865 Hotchkiss, Alex., M. O. June 211, 1865 Morrow. Wm. J., M. O. Aug. 31, U65 c N. died Pine Bluff, Aug. r !l,l;'5 \'rj : 1 . 1 S65 \ii- i>, 1864 Aug, 31, 1865 MI'STER ROLL, COMPANY Second Ucutc'-ttnt. . M. Weaver, m. o. Sergt, Ang, 31 Boswell, James R., tr. Co. D m. o. Aug. 31, 186.5 as Corpl. Bryant, Wm,, d. Camp Bntler, Feb. lo, 1864 Rapalyed, Daninl, m. o, June as Com, Sergt. ShetllewojIh.SamI,, m. o. Ang Watson, G. W., trans, to Co. June 20, 186.5 Wooduaril, Gilbert, tr. to Co. 31, 186,1 20, 1865 31, 186.5 MoCollon, J. D., m. o. Aug. 31,1805 Corp Walle.John. tr. to Co. F d. Benton Bks Montague, Benj. F.,tr. to Co. D Aug. 31 Mar, 24,1.804 18.15 as Corp'l. Young, William J. B., tr to Co, V m. o. Mitehett, Silas W., trans, to Co. D d. at Aug. 31, 1805 as Corpl. Pine Bluff May 9, 1805 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY I Fiml Serjfmit.-Henrv C. Hoffman, m. o. July 20, 1805 Recniu —Duncan Chas , d. Pine Bluff of accidental wounds, Nov. 1, 1661 Spann, Solom d, died Pine Bluff Oct. 27, 1864. MfSTER ROLL, COMPANY K. First Lituteii' Rudolph A. Wheatley, n Sergt Aug. 31, 186 Second Lieutenant. T, FouDtuin. m. o. Sept. 4, 1864 Privale.i. Aug 31, 1805 Parker, Ed C, r Rentlrii. Willian Short. Jo leatlei disability .Oct, 11, 1865 to dat o. Aug. 31, 1865 Sergt B., m.o. Aug, 31,1865 L,, m. o. Aug, 31, 1865 F,, m. o, Aug, 31, 186,5 np Butler Feb, 13 1864 , diseh. Nov. 11, 1864 Aug. 31, 18 Chandler, J., d. Pine Bluff, July 9, 1864 Drew, Je-se, absent at m. o. of Regt. i Dye, Elmore C, m, o. Aug. 31, 1865 1 Foster, Thos. m. o. Aug. 31, 1865 Kirk, (ieorge M. Lawrence, Henrv S., m. o. Aug. 31, 1805 LawBon, J. B,, discli, July 3, 1865 Sergt. i Recruits. 1, Wiu . absent sick at m. o. Reg. ., lis , I.I ii. Aug. 31, 1865 Corpl. 1 . ^ I l; , ilisch. May 9, 1805 to .■ Vol: :11, 1S05 Ulaihorne R , m. o. June 30. 1805 in, Chas., m. o. Aug. 31, 1865 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY L. Ca),t<,iii. James Crain, m, o. Aug. 31, 1865 FiT!,t Lieutenant. Wm. G. Anderson, m. o. Sergt. Aug. 31, 1866 Private. Rerruits. Ballard, William, diseh. Aug. 31, 1804 MUSTER ROLL, COMPANY F Berry D, J , d. Little Rock Sept, 20, 1864 Fetter, Jao., d. Pine Bluff Apr. 13, 1865 Moore, Thomas, diseh. Feb. 15, 1865 Miller, Jno. d. Pine Bluff Sept. 14,;i88i Thompson, Gideon Bluff lUiimssiijnedRi Butler, Bailey, rej Chalford, Chas. M. 2, 1864 Fallon, Robert, rejected Roper, Wm., tr. to Co. D d. P Sept. 25, 1864 wounds Reed, Wm., tr. lo Co. F d. P Sept, 22, 1864 MEN FROM RANDOLPH COUNTY. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY L. Coii(OTn«,— Geo. W. Sewsberry, resig'd June 7, '65. d. Camp Butler Apr Sergeantt. — 5o\\n Ris John W. Malo , M, Bluff, Ark., Aug. 25, '65. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 231 Corporal*. James Dunbar, M. O. Aug. 31, '65, a private. Francis Smith, died at Pine Bluff, Ark, July 14. '64. Edward M. Smith, M O. Aug. 31, '65. Will' • — --■- --"^ -■"' Fornp, John A. Greenawiilt, Henry, died at Pine Bluff, ~ Ark., Sept. 1,1864. Caller, Wm. H , M.O. Aug 31, 1865. Holt. Wm. S., died at Piue Bluff, Ark., Oct. iS 1IW4. ':ni;;m je^,n^vHv;;erd5;d^. pine top?^i/vr;^wt;i^3f \8?f • Bluff, Ark., Sep,. 26, 04. K'cy? *":; died af pfoe 'filuffroc. Bw)ler. John T. Smith, died at Alton, III., May Pressley, 20, 1861. Perkins. Peter. M. O: Aug. :il. ISGi. . ,,.. »onnn, Poypus, Clias., M. O. Aug. 31. 1865. I, U4. nounas. Throup, Francis M.,abslnt. sick at M.O. Artificer. of regiment. Samuel C. Stewart, detached at M. 0. of , Throup, Thomas, MO. June »>.. IS"; R.^irim^nr Vemcr, Jos., disch. Aug. 18, 186.1. disao. Kcgimeni. I Williams. George, M. O.Aug. .11, IHiib. ','„•. Wren. Josiah F, died at Benton Bar- Armour. James M.,M. O.Aug. 31,1865. racks. Mo. March 2, '64. Arnev.Andrew.died at Pine Bluff, Ark., "•^'"'••' • • Oct'. Jl. '64. ie«ru,(.. Bilev, Alfred, claimed by and Trans, to Beckett, John F., disch. Feb. 17, lsr,4. lu'ith III. Inftv. ' Disability. n.ii"..ii, John, M. O.Aug. 31,1865. Condor, Adam, M. O. Aug. 31, 18ii5. (\uhll.., Francis M., M.O. Aug. .31, 1865. Corwin, Elijah, M. O. Aug. 31. 1865. IMM-, Kiiizlv. M. O. Aug. 31, 1865, as Edwards, John, died atPine Bluff, Ark., r,iij.,irHl. " ' Julv 30, 1864. Duvi.-, John W., trnnsf. (o Co. E. Jenkins. Sam'l C, M. O. Aug. 31, 18';5. Fmlev, William, died at Pine Bluff, McLaughlin, Wm. H.. died at Pine Ark., Oct. 28, -64. Bluff. Ark., June 13, 1S64. FIFTEENTH CAVALRY REOIMENT. — (Three Years' Semce.) MUSTEK BOLL COMPANY E. fnro/«— Bean, Oliver \V., killed near Hickman, Ky, June 4, 1863. Cunningham. Francis .M., tiansf to lutli Cav., as consolidaterl. Lett, Sherrod. FOURTEENIH CAVALRY. — MEN FROM PERRY COVNTY. MUSTER ROLL COMPANY C. Primb^Crocket, John C.died at Peoria, III., April 7. 1863. Mf.STER ROLL COMPANY E. Priv(tl'f—\rney, Benjamin, mustered out June 12. I86j. Pris. War. Daine.s James, mustered out July 31, 1865. Ingram, Chas., mustered out July 31, 1865. Mosley, James P. MISTER ROLL COMPANY G. PKpnte— Lefler, Thomas, missing in action since .\ug. 3, 1864. FIFTEENTH CAVALY REGIMENT. — {Three Yems' Service.) MUSTER ROLL COMPANY C. nu.-tered out Aug. 31, 1805. MUSTER Sergeant — James M. Bla Buafe-— George Taffec. Prifa/« — Bacon, Benjar Shank Oliver, MUSTER ROLL COMPANY F. /V»e«ii#— Coleman, Miles H., trausf. to Co. L., loth Cavalry, as consolidated. SIXTEENTH CAVALRY REGIMENT. — {Three Ycws' Service.) MUSTER ROLL CO.MPANV L. /V/r<,(' i?')'"',, m. o. Julv'27, '6> jS'immer, Langeb..hn, Jacob, killed at Liberty, I o. July r, Joiin, Vet. trans, to Bat. A, .o. September 17, 61 -Engsling, Stephen. CHAPTER XII. C MM X SCHOOL S. RANDOLPH COUNTY. BY 8. B. HOOD. OIvSIDERlNG the early settle- ment and organization of this county and the fact of its having contained the chief city and greatest centre of civilizatiun in the Missis- sippi Valley, we should expect that the history of its schools would be attended by more than ordinary in- terest. And such, no doubt, would be the case with a complete history ; but the very antiquity that would add to its interest hangs the mists of centuries before our eyes. Governor Reynolds, in his history of Illinois, speaks of the school-houses being guarded during school hours, and of the dangers to wiiich children were exposed in going to and returning from school in the country districts in early times. The only book education, therefore, that many of these children received was from their parents in their cabin homes. In the villages, however, schools were established and sustained from a very early period, and it is fair to presume that those of Kaskaskia and I'rairie du Rocher were taught in French. They were of the parochial type, since the leading men of these villages were Frenchmen — men of culture, and of the Catholic religion. Unfortunately, no records of these schools were kept, and tradition is almost silent respecting them. In later years the churches sustain- ing these schools have kept records of them, which will be found in the chapters devoted to these churches. The earliest schools were priucijially taught in the de- serted log huts of the itinerant squatter or hunter. These were much inferior to the first houses built expressly for school purposes, a tvpical one of which I shall cndcKvor to present to the reader's mind : The walls were of unhewn logs, and the cracks were daubed with mud mortar from the yard. This black mortar was mixed with dead prairie grass to make it slick, and was put on with the hand, so that corrugations were formed in it by the finger prints of the dauber. The roof was of clap-boards, held down by weight-poles kept in position by jiieces of wood called kuees or cripples placed between them. The door was on the south or ea^t, and turned on wooden hinges and was fastened by wooden latch or pin. On the 232 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. opposite side a log was cut out to admit light to the writing- desk, a long slab fastened to the wall just below this open- The above cut represents the exterior of one of these cabin school buildings. The seats consisted of puncheons, sup- ported by four legs driven into the holes near the ends. The legs, usually put in green, were too small for the holes when seasoned, and would stick up through the bench Air enough to prevent the " pu.shing off" process, to which the pupil on the end of the bench was ever exposed. These benches, without backs, were placed end to end round the walls of the room, so that the pupils could rest their aching spines against the projecting logs. The bench at the long window was a high one, as none but the " big'' boys and girls wrote in those days. As Judge Murphy, of Sparta, once said in addressing a teachers' meeting : " The school benches in the old times, were much like the seats in modern railroad cars, springy and reversible, only that in the former the boy had to do the springing and reversing " The heating apparatus consisted of a wide chimney or fire-place, built of mud and split sticks. The wood, dragged up in the tree by three or four yoke cf oxen, was cut into suitable lengths by the Echool-boys, detailed in regular order for the work. The school-house ax was reputed the dullest in the neigh- borhood, and yet no one ever stuck it into the ground. The large girls swept the puncheon floor by turns with a wild- grass home-made broom. Water carrying from the ever adjacent spring or creek was a privilege usually awarded to the meritorious. School-books in these days were far different from those used now. The elementary spelling book, with its alternate pages of spelling and reading, was the only book for begin- ners, and the Testament for advanced readers. In later days, the Euglish Reader and the Introduction were used in some of the most progressive schools. In Arithmetic there was but one book for the older and the younger pupils, the teacher giving such individual help as he thought needful. The copy books were made at homo, of common unlined paper, which the teacher ruled. He also set the copies and made and repaired — "fixed' — the goose-quill pens- Pen- making was quite an att in those days, and the sharp " pen- knife " was one of the teacher's first necessities. Spelling, reading, writing and arithmetic constituted the school cur- riculum. Pluck, and muscle to back it, were considered im- portant qualifications, and the teachers were usually males ; yet we hear of some few females who taught in this county at a very early da}-, and gave the young womeu of their schools instruction in needle-work. The schools were sustained by subscription to an agreement to pay the teacher a certain price for a specified number of scholars, for a stated time, the article specifying the branches to be taught. The price per scholar ranged from 33 Jc to SI '-5 a month, according to the studies taken. Besides the regular term pupils there were " day scholars," who paid five cents a day when at school. As the schools were neces- sarily small, teaching was not very remunerative; but the small salaries were supplemented by free board, or " board- ing round," as it was called, among the patrons. Many of the teachers were of limited education, but some were men of thorough scholarship. As many children had to travel to school through track- less forests, the fathers usually, on the first day of school, blazed a path to the school house, marking the trees on both sides so as to guide the children in going either way. Large trees were felled across the streams for bridges, and pole hand-rails were placed on forked stakes driven into the ground on either side of the log. Even as late as 1841, most of the streams in this county were without bridges, and, when swollen, a source of danger to the lives of both teachers and pupils in crossing, — though few fatal accidents from this cause are remembered. The following touching account was given by Mrs Mary G. Allison, of St. Louis, the mother of one, and the sister of another of the unfortunate victims of pioneer life, whose names this sketch shall p rpetuate : In 1841, Miss Ptachel M. Graham, aged seventeen, and daughter of Hugh Graham, who then lived near Chester, taught a school near Gordon's mill. On the 2'2d November, Miss Graham started for her school on horseback, taking her nephew, Chelsey Drew, a lad ten years old with her to return the horse. Mary's river, at that time swollen by the heavy rains of the previous Sun- day, was crossed at a ford some distance below the bridge on the old Chester and Georgetown road. It seemed from the tracks of the horse that they entered the river with no fear of danger ; but the rapid current swept the horse and its precious burden down the stream. Miss Graham sank and perished. The boy caught hold of the branches of a tree that hung across the stream, and cried for help. A German woman living near by, hearing his cries, ran to the river, and saw the boy holding on to the limb, sometimes above the water, and sometimes disappearing beneath it. Seeing she could do nothing herself, she ran fur her hus- band, who, mounting hLs horse, galloped to the ford, dashed boldly in and tried to swim his horse to the rescue. But again the stream prevails, — horse and gallant rider both go down and swiftly pass the rising, sinking, hoping, now de- spairing child. Being washed from the horse's back, Mr. Daningbunk, the noble German, caught around the animal's HISTORY OF RAXDOLPir, MOXROE AXD PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 233 neck, urged by his wife, who had iiiiain reached the river, to try to save his own life For a quarter of a mile the struggling horse and man were swept down by the current, till at length the horse getting footing, emerged from the waler and clambered up the steep bank, but his heroic rider, exhausted, fell back into the hungry stream and sank. Deeds less daring, sacrilices less noble, have been immortalized in song. The woman, though deeply licart-smitten, by the dreadful death-scene of her husband, still determined if possible to save the boy. She ran and informed a Mr. Chapman of his condition. He, mounting a horse, rode rapidly to the fords, but when he readied it all was hii-^'hed and still save the dis- mal gurgling of the angry stream whose cold resistless cur- rent disdaining alike the purity and beauty of womanhood, the strength and courage of manhood and the helpless inno- cency of pleading childhood, had covered all three in the gloomy depths of a watery grave. But to return to our history : — Where the first school was taught in this county is not certainly known, but it is a matter of history that as early as 17'i() the Jesuits founded a college at Kaskaskia, which flourished until 17o4, and schools of a lower grade probably existed at a still earlier date John Doyle, one of General Clark's ohl Siddiers, returned to Kaskaskia after the war and taught school, many years between 1790 and 18011. About this time a heavy immigra- tion set in from the States, and early in the present century, we find settlements scattered all over the county. We shall therefore take the.se settlements, as represented by the townships, in which they are located and give as nearly as possible the school history of each. Township 4, range 5, including Coulterville : The first school-house in this town- ship, was a log cabin erected probably in the fall of 18"28, and located in the N. E. quarter of section 27. The first school was taught the following winter by Mr. (i'orgc Campbell, who still lives near Sparta. Henry L. McGuire and Kenjamin Wham, afterward Dr Wham, were among its other early teachers There was another school taught at a very early day in the western part of this township, in section 19, west of the old Stuart Burns' place, but its date is not known. Mr. Blair Strahan. now an old man residing in the north- ern part of the township, attemled this school when twelve vcars old. James B. Parks and William McKee taught in this school. In later years, the school was moved further north and a round log school-house erected on the land now owned by Thomas Lindsey. Rev. James Morrow, now an aged man living on Mud creek, taught a number of terms in this house. The first school under the free school law was taught by David Coulter, now a minister, in Winchester, Kansas. Miss Martha Bailey, (now Mrs. West, of Ii|: .l.-liii A M:,l"ii.' 1805 , l: . . -^ IMI l:.l I V li |--n 1809 The Randolph county teachers' Institute was organized in 186G or 1867. This association meets yearly and spends from one to four weeks in a review of the common school branches conducted by the best teac hers that HIS2 0HY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 237 can be obtained. Among these appear the names of Hon. Newton Batemau, Presidents Edwards, Hewet and Avlln, and Pro's. John W. Cook, Granville F. Foster, Joseph W. Ewing, James II. Browulee, I. H. Brown, Major J. B. Merwin and State superintendents Etter and Slade. Besides giving instruction in the common studies, the conductors have presented and discussed modern systems of education and late and improved methods of teaching and disicpline. MONROE COUNTY. The general cliaracter of tlie English taught schools of this county was a fair type of those conducted in the State for more than a half century following. The old time school-master, could not, in the general parlance of to-day, be termed a professional teacher. He was selected amid the pioneers, as the one best fitted to fill the position, — one who had a fair smattering of the common branches, and at the same lime knew well the corrective influence of the hazel switch and ferule. We do not employ this language to cast any reflections, or bring censure upon the zealous tcholastic labors of the pioneer pedagogue ; but, as illustrative of the ideas and modes of training that existed among the people in those early times. The author of the " Hoosier School- master," express the sentiment mu/tutii in parvo, when he quotes the language of "Bud " Mean's father (then trustee of his " deestrict"j " that where there was no licking, there was no larning." Yet in afier years the grey hairs of the pedagogue of long ago were thought of in kind remembrance by those who had grown to mature years, and wiiom time and experience had taught to appreciate the honest effort of those whose lot it had been selected to become their tutors. Monroe county bears the palm, and has the honor of hav- ing the first English school taught within the boundaries of the Prairie State. Ere the clicking of the type shall have ceased, which shall record this as a part of the State's his- tory, the centennial anniversary will have arrived of the first English school taught in the western frontier. The first American schoolmaster in Illinois, was John Seely, who taught in the summer of ITT-'!, iu the " New Design " settle- ment, now New Design precinct. The school-house was an abandoned squatter's cabin. Round poles were placed in it for seating purposes, and what little dtsk facilities were furnished, were merely small logs flattened by a few strokes of the ax and placed with the hewed side up. A log was cut out of one side for lighting purposes, and with mother earth for a floor, the reader will have a vague idea of how, a century ago, the pioneer children obtained their meager education. The next teacher was Francis Clark, who taught a school in the fall and winter of the same year. He proved to be an intemperate man, and the school was not a success. Following him was an Irishman by the name of Halfpenny, who taught school within the State for many years after- ward, and sub.sequently became noted, and might be appro- priately termed the schoolmaster-general of the State, in those early times. He was a man of active mind, and as early as 1795, he erected a water mill on Fountain creek, a little west of the present city of Waterloo. A little later an educated man, John Clark, taught in the neighborhood. He was a Scotchman by birth and a minister by profession. He taught the higher branches in mathematics, philosophy, etc., and became very popular among the people of this set- tlenif nt. As late as the year 1800 there was only one school in Monroe county — at New Design. Charles Walker taught a school in a log cabin that stood within the corporate limits of Columbia near the Waterloo road as early as 1815. About 1817, Levi Piggott kept school in a log house that stood in the timber, near a spring, still discharging its waters into Biggs' creek, a little north of the town. In the vicinity of Chalfin Bridge, in Mitchie Precinct, Edward Humphrey taught a school in 1805, and continued several years. He was a skillful teacher and a man held in high esteem by the people, filling many important positions. He was a member of the general assembly, and was register of the land office at Kaskaskia. Mrs. Ford, who became a resident of this county in 1804, taught an early school in section .BO of T. 3, R. 10, which some of the McRoberts' children attended. It must be remembered that in these early times there was no uniformity of text-books. The few pioneer boys and girls were sent to school with such books as the family hap- pened to have at hand. For reading-books they used the New Testament, histories, biographies of prominent men, and other literature, such as they could command. In arithme- tic one had virtually completed his education when he had arrived at the " Rule of three." Grammar was scarcely within the curriculum of the pioneer school-boy. Times have materially changed since then, and so have the customs and sports of the school youth of that day. Much of the an- tagonism formerly existing between teachers and pupils has passed away. The more humane methodsof discipline have softened and refined the manners of the youth and teachers, and inspired respect in the former, and forbearance in the latter. "Barring out" in primitive school life, was a spe- cies of forcible entry and detainer of the school-house by the larger boys, resorted to for the purpose of coni|)elliug the teacher to yield the point for which they were petitioning, frequently a jug of rum as a treat. If the boys succeeded in holding the school-house against the efforts of the teacher to enter it, he yielded gracefully to their demands, like the "craven" of the wager of battle of old. On the other hand if the teacher proved the stronger in the contest the boys (juietly acquiesced. Those old customs, however, have nearly passed away and gone with thethings that wttc. A new era has opened up, and the youthof the country haveharned that they must give their whole thought, time and energy to prepare themselves to cope with the world in its present advanced stage of general information and education. From the foregoing it will be seen what obstacles and disadvantages the children of the pioneers were obliged to undergo, in order to obtain even a common school educa- tion. To show the progress that has been made in the con- duct of schools within the last thirty years, we append a .synopsis of the reports made to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction of 1851 and 1882. 238 HISTOBY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. For the year ending October 1st, 1851, we glean the fol- lowing: Whole numlter under 21 years of age 4,100 Kuinber ol' ilif-tricts -z-i Kumher of schools taught "^4 Number of teachers 24 Number of scliool-hnases 18 Average montlily wa.^es paid male teachers S^o.Oj Average monthly waives paid female teachers Sl'-."() Whole amouut paid to teachers S'',4J0.00 Whole amount expended for public schools S*J,4-0.0U The following h taken from the county school superiuten- dent's report made for the school year eudiug June 30th, 1882 : Whole number of males under 21 years of age 3,40(1 "Whole number of fomalcfi under ^1 years of age :!,:i73 Total 0,872 Number of districts in the county 47 Number of schools taught 5:i C.racip.l «r-hn,,|.i 2 > .: : : I I'TS in public schools 03 lli-h'-r iiiiy wages paid tcaehers $o:.,t)ii Lowest niinit^ily waives paid teacliers &'.'i,iii) Animal amount" paid to t'acher-4 SJi.lsjm Total school expeuscs for the year «;il,'.jiM4 Value of school property in the county Sii. ,uo From the above shcviug, it may be readily be seen with what strides the county has increased in popuhition, and has progressed in its educational interests. In three decades it has nearly trebled in its number of teachers and school- houses. The manner of teaching has kept pace with the age, and the school-houses are mostly of the modern style, and in the main supplied with the latest and most approved furniture and other school belongings. As an example of the manner of the tiiinking and disfavor of the public school system, in the minds of some no longer ago than 1858, we take the privilege of inserting the sentiment, expressed un- der the head of remarks, by a Township Treasurer, to the then county superintendent of schools. " The people in this section are very generally dissatisfied with the present school law, and if it cannot be amended so as to operate better, they think there had better be no law at all. On the sub- ject last year, four of the districts had a tax to the amount of over S900 of which the collector paid over to the treas- urer 8700, and the balance of over S200 is no where', and it caused so much trouble and botheration that I believe they concluded not to try it again. Not a single district has laid a tax this year. The County Clerk, I understand does labor in assessing the school ta.< in the county, to the amount of eighty or a hundred dollars, in May, all of which he has to lose because the law has made no provision for paying him anything. If I should suggest anything, it would be to leave the whole business of laying and collecting taxes with the trustees of schools, and uot trouble the county officers with it any further than to lake the list of property off the assessor's books. The whole business of the exami- nation of teachers by the School Commissioner, and giving certificates is a perfect humbug, and might be disposed of without the least detriment to the community. I do not wish to speak evil of dignitaries, but it rather strikes me that the office of the State Superintendent with the salary of $1,''')00 a year might also be placed in the same category. I do not know what he has to do to earn his very handsome stipend ; but, I suppose he is a lawyer, and as it is the law- yers that have the making of most of our laws, I suppose it is necessary to have a lawyer to expound and ex- plain the law for the people, an 1 thus the office of State Superintendent had to be created. I do not think he ha? ever shown his face in this part of the State, and all that I have ever heard or known of his doing for us was the send- ing around of a few circulars, requesting the names of school officers. All of which is respectfully submitted, etc." In 1876, a Teachers' A?wciatioa v/xi established under the auspices of Suparintendiut W. H. Hilyard, who is yet the efficient officer at the head of the schools of the county. The first attendance was composed of about forty teachers. There was a healthy increase of members, and in 1880, the attendance reached sixty teachers. This Institute was un- der the efficient management of Prof. I. H. Brown of Ed- wardsville, aided by Prof Mann of Ashley. Much good was done in these sessions for the teaching profession, and it may be hoped that they will be encouraged and fostered for many years to come. The following is a roster of the names of school commis- sioners and county superintendents of Monroe county in the order of their election ; Solomon Patterson, appointed September 5, 1832, by county board ; John Morrison, appointed September, 1834, by county board. William Cowell, elected August, 1841 ; Ananias Divers, elected August, 1843 ; C. H. Kettler, elected August, 1845 ; W. L. Adelsberger, elected August, 1847 ; W. L. Adelsberger, re-elected August, 1851. Mathias T. Horine, elected at a special election February, 1853 ; James A. Kennedey, elected in 18G1 ; Joseph W. Rickert, elected in 1869 ; Joseph H. Hilgard, elected in 1873, present in- cumbent. We also append a list of the names of the present Town- ship Treasurers : Henry Homrighauson, township 3, range 8 ; Z. J. Voris, township 2, range 9 ; Hugh Murphy, township 3, range 9 ; Dr. J. Chewning, township 4, range 9 ; F. W. Brickey, township 5, range 9 ; Christ. Brinduker, township 1, range 10; William B.jde, township 2, range 10; John P. Hoflman, township 3, range 10; William Mayeys, township 4, range 10; Philip Mans, township 5, range 10; Frederick Zweig, township 1, range 11 ; Jacob Meyer, township 2, range 11; Louis Ihorn, township 3, range 11 ; William Feldme'ir, Jr., township 4, range 11. We have thus briefly sketched the rise and progress of the schools of Monroe county. Its advancement will bear favorably with other counties in the State, and it is to be hoped that it will take no backward step in the cause of the free schools. They are the foundation, the grand bul- warks which are to perpetuate the free institutions and gov- ernment of the American people. PERRY COUNTY. BY B. G. ROOTS. For much of the data obtained for the compilation of the schools of Perry, lam under obligations to the present corps of teachers of the county, and specially to the Rev. Peter Hagler, Wm. M. Eaton, and R. H. Eaton, all of whom were school-boys, together, in an early day, and have since been HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 239 well known as teachers and school officers in the county. I also desire to mention the names of the following persons, who have taken an interest in our common schools, for many years : Hon. P. C. C. Provat, who taught a school on Holt's Prairie, as early as 18S9 ; Nelson Holt, Henry Clay, David A. Hoge, M. C Edwards, Henian E. Kelsey, Laura M. Tuthill, H. West, W. S. D. Smith, C. H. Koe acd J. B. Ward. The early schools were taught under contracts, signed by both teacher and patrons. 1 will here append copies of two articles of agrtcmeut to tfach as written at that tiuie. The first is between Allen Parlier, long an honored citizen of this county, and parties in Was-liington county, and reads as follows : "Articles uj agreement drawn this "-'.olh of May, 1833, be- tween Allen Parlier, of the county of Washington and state of Illinois, of the one part, and we, the undersigned, of said county and state, of the other i)art, witnesseth, that the said Parlier binds himself to teach a school of spelling, reading, writing, and the foregoing rules of arithmetic, for the tcrin of three months, for ?2 per scholar, per quarter; said Par- lier further binds himself, to keep good order in said school, will teach five days in each week, all due school hours, and will make up all lost time, except muster days, and will set up with twenty scholars, the subscribers to furnish a comfortable house, with all the conveniences appcrlainiug thereunto, the school to commence as quick as the bouse is fixed. N. B.— Wheat, pork, hogs, beeswax, tallow, deer skins, wool and young cattle, all of which will be taken at the market price, delivered at my house, at the expiratinu of said school, day and date above written. (Subscribers' names.) Ai.i.i;n P.^i^likr." The second article is shorter and without date, "Ferdinaud G. Humphreys, proposes to teach a common English school, at the school house near John Baird's Esq., in Holt's Prairie, Perry county, state of lUiuois, in town five, south of range two west, for the term of sixty days, at the rate of two dollars per scholar. We undersigned sub- scribers, agree to pay to F, G. Humphreys, the above named teacher, each for himself, two dollars per scholar, for the term of sixty days, and they agree also, that the said teaclur may draw their proportionate share of the school fund." This is signed by the teacher and ten subscribers, three of whom sign for * scholar each. The whole number of scholars that subscribed for it, is eighteen and one half. The teacher boarded around among the employers, a week or so, in each family, without charge. The articles under which Hon. Philip C. C. Provat taught in diflerent parts of the county, in 183i), and six following years, were much like the above ; he agreeing to take young cattle, mink skins, etc., in payment, and not to charge willows anything in addition to their share of school fund. Most of what was due him from subscribers, to one school, was paid in fence rails, de- livered on land which he had bought with what he had re- ceived for teaching. That we may know what was meant by a comfortable school-house, I give a description of one, furnished by Messrs. Eaton, who know whereof they affirm, as their early school days were passed in this house. " Our school-house was 18x20 feet, built of round logs, about 1833. The openings between the logs were closed with pieces of wood, split to the right thickness, and daubed with mud ; this was called chinking. At one end was a fire place, six feet wide, for burning wood. The fire place was made of split logs, which were partially defended from the fire by a big slate stone, and clay. The chimney was built of slats laid in mortar, made by mixing wet clay and straw. On each corner of the chimney, at the top, was laid a large ball, composed of this mortar. These balls answered both for ornaments and holding the pieces of the chimney in place. On the east side the upper half of the fourth log, from the bottom, was cut out for 16 feet in length ; the lower half of the log above this, was cut iu a similar manner ; through this opening the light entered the building, except in cold and stormy weather. Above this opening was a long plank or board, suspended by leather hinges, which was lowered down, to close the opening in bad weather. When this opening was closed, some of the scholars saw their books by light that came through crevices in the walls, and others gathered about the fire place and studied by light coming down the spacious chimney. Parallel with the lower edge of the opening in the wall, was placed a split log, which ex- tended the whole length of the house, and was inserted into the space between the logs at each end. This half log was our writing desk. In some school-houses a long plank, sup- ported by long pins, driven into holes boied in the logs, took the place of the split log for writing desk. The seats were made of split logs, with holes bored into their lower side, into which, pins called bench legs, 8 to 20 inches long, were driven. The benches were placed near the walls, leaving the central part of the floor vacant. On this vacant space clas.ses stood to recite. There was no floor but the earth. This soon became smooth, so that walking around made little noise." One correspondent says: "To the first school that I attended, I walked 4 miles, in company with two older brothers, in 1833. Webster's spelling-book was the only text book used l>y my brothers, and one was considered sufficient for both of them. In later years, all that was taught in any of the schools that I knew anything about, was spelling, reading, writing, and arithmet'C. After finishing the spelling book, we read as class books, the Testament, life of Gen. Francis Marion, and Columbian orator. Most of the studying was aloud, and one passing near the school house could hear simultaneously, " Baker, brier. A. A. S. Fellow of the American Academy, — •") times 1 are 5, 9 times 9 are 81. An old man found a rude boy," etc. The paper on which pupils wrote, was not ruled when it was bought. To enable pupils to have it properly ruled, the teacher had a ruler, to which a lead pencil was attached by a string. Each scholar ruled his own paper, and many a rap on the head we got for ruling irregularly. Our pens were made of goose quills, and one important part of the teacher's quali- fications, was ability to make a good pen. We made our own ink by boiling brier roots, and adding a little copperas. The juice of poke berries was much used for ink, so was a solu- tion of indigo. Not many of the scholars walked us far to school as I did when I first began to attend, but all the children 240 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. of school age within a radius of 3 miles attended, making the whole number of pupils 17. After one or two terms an Eastern man taught, and he talked about grammar, and urged the necessity of having it taught in school, but the people seemed to think it was some kind of language, not likely to be much used, and it was kept out of the school for several years after this. Spelling, reading, writing, arithmetic, and good manners and morals were all that was taught in most of our schools. In some, geography was taught by singing. All the states and their capitals were wrought into a tune, which was sung. Corporal punishment was common. The teacher carried in his hand a long hazel switch, and when he saw ten or fifteen boys who sat on one long beuch about to go to sleep^ or engaged in mischief, he tingled their bare feet and shius with his switch. When a boy was guilty of a flagrant vio- lation of rules, he was called into the middle of the floor, and received over the shoulders a number of lashes propor- tioned to his oflfence. The severest punishments were ad- ministered with the "ruler," apiece of wood eighteen inches long, one half or three-fourths of an inch thick, and one and one-half inch wide. The teacher took hold of the right hand of the boy with his left hand, straightened out the fingers, held it firmly, and smote it with the ruler, fre. quently until the hand was blistered. The schools were not commonly crowded with too many scholars ; and if one parent was too poor to pay, the early teachers treated him with liberality, and said: "Send your children to school without pay." It was also a common thing for an old pio- neer who had no children to send to school, to pay some- thing to the teacher in order to have the school kept up. At the close of the term there was a spelling match between our school and the one nearest to us. It was attended by nearly all the men, women and children in both districts — more than could get seats in the school-house. The match was decided long before noon — five bushels of apples were distributed among the children. The larger boys and the men present put in most of the remainder of the day in playing ball. Among the players were M. G. I\Iax- well, who weighed 250 pounds, and several gray-headed men. All the spelling was oral, no scholar having a slate until he was ready to "cypher." It commonl}' took several terms to reach this point. At least once during eveiy term, a visiting day was appointed by the teacher, and all came, — fathers, mothers and the little ones. This somewhat long description of our primary school, which is a fair specimen of the schools of Perry county from 1830 to 1840, gives a better idea of the schools than any general description that I could give. I will give an instance or two, to illustrate the interest which the early settlers felt in. education, al- though many of them had had very little opportunity for obtaining "book learning" in their youth. I knew one case, in which the chimney, made of sticks and sod, fell down near the close of the school, one day, and was burnt. The teacher sent word by the children, to the men, to come and rebuild it. The next day every man in the district was there to help, and the chirane)' was completed, so that school was stopped but one day. About 18-11, the school-house on Eaton's prairie was accidentally burned. In three days, another house was built on the same spot by the men in the district, without the expenditure of one cent of money, and the school was started again on the fourth day. The schools of the county continued much like the one described until the decade extending from 18-10 to 18.50. During this period there was great improvement with schools, a large part, but not all, of which was owing to improved school law. They have continued to improve, and will now com- pare favorably with the public schools in any part of the United States. Within a few years past I have visited the schools of every State from Missouri to Maine, and all the schools of this couuty, and although there is still much room for improvement in our schools, what I have said of them as compared with others I know to be true. The private schools — schools not coming under the name of common or public schools — have done much to cause this improvement. In 1839, B. G. Roots and wife opened a boarding-school on the land where he now resides. In this school every thing which is now required to obtain a first grade teacher's certificate, and several other branches, were taught. He has taught in the county some part of each of more than thirty years, and from every year's school some have gone out to teach. In 1842, Nelson Holt and his wife com- menced teaching in the county, and taught much of the time up to Mar., 1851. They did as good work as the gratluates of normal schools now do. Miss A. F. Holt commenced teaching in this county in I860, and is still teaching, and adding to the pedagogue roll. Samuel Eaton, who received his death wound on the field of Shiloh, discharging the du- ties that devolved on him as Major of the 18th Illinois Infantry, commenced teaching in the common school in 1842, and taught from time to time until 1851. Many of his pupils have been counted among the best teachers in the county. Below I give a list of those who have acted as principals of the graded schools in the county. Most of them have done good work and aided in supplying the demand for good teachers : J. B. Ward, in addition to his other work, has for several years taught during a portion of the summer, and in August conducted an institute for one month, the special work of which is to drill teachers. This teachers' drill in this county was first begun by B. G. Roots in 1870, and has been conducted by the county superintendent every year since then. I am sorry that 1 can not name all the veteran teachers, but my memory is fallible, and all my ap- peals have failed to induce them or their friends to give me their names. I take pleasure in making honorable mention of the following veterans, in addition to those named else- where in this paper : James Preston, Thomas W. Blair, Franklin Campbell, J. R.Cleveland, La Fayette Church, Abel Campbell, David M. Hoge, A. J. Dickenson, John Cooper, Lewis Garret, Sarah Heape (now Mrs. Abner Wil- liams), Thos. Saunders, Obadiah West, Jacob Walker, John S. Haggard, William Baldridge, James Holliday, F. G. Humphreys, Rev. Lysias Heape, Isaac Hale — all of whom have ceased to be teachers here, and most of whom have HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS passed from this life. To insert all the names of the honored host who have done good work in our common schools within the last thirty years would require more space than lam allowed. I believe that John B. E iton, who has taught some part of each of the last 37 years, and is still doing good wurk, is the senior of the present force in ungraded schools. The following list comprises the names of such as I recol- lect of the sum j class who have taught long enough to he couoted veterans, that are not named as principals of graded schools, or otherwise : — Messrs. Samuel Y. Hawkins, John S Williams, Jcihii D, Strait, Richard P. Todd, \Vm. M. Eaton, Richard A. Hampleman, Benj. F. Hammack, James W. Van Brunt, James \V. Blair, James R. Blair, Richard S. Guy, Roh't Rushing, Samuel L. Sibbett, John F. Hanna, J. Hosea Thurnton, Josiah Malone, Friend Smith, Sdomon McPherson, John V. Tyler, Mrs. Eliza Miller Lipe, Julia C. Eaton West, Sophia B. Ross Tuthill, Mattie K. East. Sadie Harshaw White, Emma Hawkins Ward, Mary Cham- berlin Burgess, Francis Thompson JIcMillen, Misses Laura M. Tuthill, Mary F. L^igh, Emma Wheatley, Dora A. Lipe, S.irah Heape, Mattie Heape, (daughters of Rev. Lysias Heape), Mary E. K'ilsey, Marianne Milligan, Tillie Hissong, A'lna M. Sibbett, Miry E. Cotter and Martha Mc Millin. SCHOOL CO.M.MrsSroXERS AND CO. SUPTS. The School Commissioner was the successor in office of C)ra-nissioner of Scho)l Lmds, as the Co. Supt. is of School Commissioner. D.ivid Baldridge was first appointed by the County Court asCoramissioner of School Lands in 1841. Chas. L.Starbuck became S-'hool Commissioner in 184o. His resignation of the office is dated : B.ittle Gniund N. Orleans July L'l!, 184r> ; he was followed by Wm. H. Turner in 184() ; Nelson Holt in 1847; Marmaduke N. Furguson in 1849; Samuel Eaton in ls.")0; Isham E. Willis "in 1854; Zabedee 1'. Curlce in 18-37 ; Charles E. R. Winthrope in 1801 ; Richard M. Dxvis ill 1863; James W. Blair in 1865; B. G. Roots in 1869; John B. Ward in 1873; R. B. Anderson in 1882; Since the schools became really public schools, free to all children of school age all moneys used for payment of teachers or any other purpose connected with schools, pass through the hands of County Superintendentand Township Treasurer. Not one defaulter is found in the list. The School laws show that great changes in the duties devolving on County Superintendents have been made since 1841. Then the care of the finances comprised nearly all his dutv. Now the law makes him indeed Superintendent of Schools. Mr. Winthrope was the first Supt. so far as I know, or can learn, who visited the schools officially. His immediate successor continued this important part of the work to some extent. Every school in the county was visited by the Supt. in 1X7(1, in 1871 and in 1872, and the Supt. was paid five doUarsa day for the time occupied in visiting the schools. The visitation of schools by the County Supt. did more to elevate and improve the schools than an equal sum expended in any other way has ever done. In 1873, the County Board put a stop to the Supt's. visiting schools, by limiting the time for which he shall be 31 paid by the county for educational work, to so small a number of days that it is impossible for him to perform all other educational work which is peremptorily required of him by law, within the number of days for which he is paid. He was allowed pay for 37 days for educational work during the last school year. The County Board has fixed the salary of the County Supt. elected Nov. 7th, 1S.S2, at S18I) a year. This does not include his commission as financial agent of school fund. There are now sixty-nine school districts in the county. Each of one hundred and nine teachers, taught in the county, some part of the last school year. The aggregate compensation of them was §18,623.91. The average pay of male teachers during the year was 838 10 per month. Same of females, §30.68. Amount of Township funds in the County, 815,8 4.63. Amount of County fund, 84353.07. Amount of tax levied by school districts, collec- ted, and paid Township Treasurers and by them disbursed for school ])urposes, 816,552.51. (•'railed School.i — Although some districts had more then one teacher previous to 1S67, there was no regular graded school in one building previous to that date. The first graded school in the county was opened in the brick school- house in Du (^uoiu Jany. 2nd, l'"<67. The Principals have been B. G. Roots, S. R. Wilson, E. J. Palmer, J. B Ward, H. A. Cooledge, G. F.Foster, J. B. Ward, (two years,) B. W. Pope, J. B. Ward, (three years,) C O. Sawyer, (two years.) J. B. Ward, is now principal. Pinckneyville Graded School began in 1S70. Principal.^ and Assistantii. — 1870, Principal, Wm. McNeil ; Salary per month, 860.00; Assts., E. H. Lemeu, 855.00; D. A. Hogc, S50 00 ; 1871, Priu. S. Gee, Assts. D. A. Hoge and Miss Jenner; 1872, Prin. D A. Hoge, Assts- Eliza Harshaw and J. H. Thornton ; 1873, Prin. D. A. Hoge, Assts. iMiss Lyon and Miss Mary Prinim ; l.s74, Prin. S. C. Bond, Assts. E M. Hawkins and A. P. Owens ; 1875, Prin. B. G- Roots, Salary per month, 8100 00. Assistants Emma Wheatley, Miss L. Abbott, Alice Burgess, D. B. Vau.Syckle, R. B. Anderson and Geo. H- Farmer, have each been prin- cipal one year ; 1882, Samuel Y. Hawkins principal. la every case in which the salary or names of assistants is omitted in the above list I have been unable to learn what they were. Tamaroa. — I have searched carefully for facts respecting the Tamaroa Graded School. I am not fully satisfied with the fruits of my search, but I believe the following is a cor- rect list of Princi))als. The date following the name denotes the year in which the person named became principal. Some of the principals named below taught bef)re the school be- came a regular Graded School in one building : Green, 185!) ; Wells, 1860 ; Miss A. F. Holt, 1862-63-64 ; p. White, 18(i5; A. Etherton, 1866; Wyatt, 1867; J. B. Ward, 1868 ; Miss A. F. Holt, 1869 ; W. E. Smith, 1870; J. B. Ward, 1871; P. White, 1872; Wm. Edwards, 1873 i B. W. Pope, 1874; W. G. Heape, 1875; J. H. Thornton, 1876; B. G. Roots, 1877; R. B. Anderson, 1878; E.J. Ward, 1879; P. F. Adkins, 1880; Matt. Fergerson, 1881 ; C. Laban Kruse, 1882. In Du Qiipin School, every since it became a graded 242 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. school, all the branches named in a first grade certificate are taught. These branches have all been taught at sorae time in the other two graded schools. Miss Holt taught some of the first grade branches while she was Principal of Taniaroa. Dur- ing her last term of service the School Board prohibited the teaching of any but second grade branches, and the first grade has been taught but little in this school since then. About one fourth of the teachers in the ungraded schools are qual- ified to teach first grade branches, and mostof these do teach some of them. On August 25 and 26, 1882, sixty-nine applicants for teachers' certificates were examined. Fifteen of these re- ceived First Grade certificates; thirty-five received Second Grade, and nineteen failed of coming up to the lowest stand- ing, on which the County Superintendent issues a certificate. Du Quoin and Pinckneyville are the only points in the county at which there are many colored children. At each of these places a separate public school for them has been kept for several years past. The few of them who reside in other districts attend the- common school with the whites. Du Quoin Female Seminary- — \\a.a located about five miles southeast of Du Quoin, in what was then known as Du Quoin, and now known as Old Du Quoin. Next to the County seat, it was the largest village in the County. This institution should be named in this history as having been an important factor in improving the public schools. It came into existance through the influence of an eastern teacher, (Miss Paine, of South Hadley, Mass.,) sent out by an Educational Society in answer to an application for a teacher for this locality. Miss Paine commenced her teaching in the District School- House June, 1852. More scholars came in than the house would accommodate, so a room was fitted up in another build- ing, and a second teacher (Miss Reynolds, from Connecticut,) sent for, and employed to assist Miss Paine in her work. In the fall of IS'^S, Miss Paine opened a private school^ which became the Seminary after a charter had been ob- tained from the Legislature, and a Board of Trustees ap- pointed. The corner-stone of an excellent Seminary building was laid June 13, 1855, and a permanent superstructure was erected in a reasonable time. " To train teachers on the field " was laid down as theprom- inent object of the school. Teachers' diplomas were given to those that became proficient in the branches required by the school law of this Siate; and those that went out from this institution to teach, made marked improvements in the Echools where they taught. Rev. Josiah Wood devoted himself largely to the welfare of the Seminary. The early teachers, as copied from a cata- logue, were Miss E. Paine, Miss Jane Hunt, Miss M. M. Moulton, Mrs. E. R. Saunders, Miss H. L. Plimpton, Miss Lizzie A. Dole, Miss Hattie Paine. The debt contracted in erecting the building, caused it to pass into private hands in 1872. Since it became private property a school for both sexes has been maintained with creditable success. Supplement. Since writing the foregoing, I have gathered the following additional statements respecting the schools in each of the precincts, into which the county is now divided, from such sources, that I believe them reliable: Pinckneyville. — -The first school in this precinct, was taught in a log school house 16x16 in 1831, near the West side of Four Mile Prairie, at $2 50 per scholar for six months. In 1832, Eliza Smith, from Kentucky, taught in a small log-school-house near Thomas Armstrong's. Later S. W. Woodside taught here. June 3d, 1833, the Sheriff, by order of County Court, leased the Court-house for school purposes at fifty cents a month, to be paid by the teacher, or by the subscribers to the School Article. Paradise. — The first school in this precinct was taught in 1830, by John S. Haggard. A man named Hagaman taught in another part of the precinct at the same time. No building was erected for school purposes previous to 1838. Up to this time schools were taught in the house of the teacher, or in some deserted cabin. The first teacher in the new school-honse^ was R. P. Paramore. Obadiah West was also an early teacher in this precinct. Du Quoin Precinct— The first school in this precinct was taught by Abraham Brayshaw, about 1830, in the west part of N ine Mile Prairie. The first school-house was erected ■ibout three and a half miles south of where Du Quoin now is, and a Mr. Beneldo was the first who taught in it. Tamaroa Precinct. — The Bland school-house, about five miles northeast from Tamaroa, was erected in 1832 or '3, and named after " Grandfather " Bland. First teacher was Jacob Walker, and the second teacher was "Granddaddy" Johnson, who taught in 1834. Cutler Precinct. — The first school was taught in Lost Prairie, by Miss E. Tilden. The first school-house was erected on section 16, T 5,S. R. 4 W, in 1835, in the same prairie. Johp Cooper taught in it during the summer of 1S35 About the same date a school was taught for a short time in Conant's Prairie, but it could not be kept up. Grand Cote Precinct. — The first school was taught in a little cabin, on S. E. i of sec. 30, T. 4. S R. 4 W. The next school was taught by John Fulton, in his kitchen on sec 4, town 4, in 1835 or '6. Beavcoup Precinct. — The children who resided west of Hutihing's Prairie, at first attended at "Big Rock" school- house, in Washington county. Those who lived east of this prairie, attended school in Mud Prairie. The first school- house was erected on Edward Hodge's place, the second on the Truster place, in 1850. Soidlnvestern.— Robert Clark taught the first school in 1825, in a little log school-house, erected the same year. The architecture of the school-houses named, in connection with the several precincts, was similar to the description, given by Messrs. Eaton, and copied in the former part of this sketch. Books were also much the same. In some schools, the American Preceptor, Columbian Orator and Pike's Arithmetic, were used also. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 243 CHAPTER XIII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. RANDOLPH COUNTY. REFORMED rUE-BYTElUAN CHURCH. ISy REV. \V. J. .^MILKV ral^jE^2^9nK history of the Reformed Presbyterian ./,.*3i^ni /^GiK) Church in Randolph county goes back to the year 1S18. To the Rev. Samuel Wylie belongs the credit of the planting of the church. He was boru in County Antrim, Ireland, February 19, 1790; came to the United States in 1807 ; en- tered the I'niversity of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in the class of 1811 ; prepared for the ministry in the Theological Seminary at Philadelphia, under the care of his uncle. Dr. S. B. Wylie, and was licensed to preach in May, lfSl.5, at Philadelphia, by the Middle Presbytery. In the summer of 1817 he visited various places in the West, passing through Illinois and continuing his travels as far as Boonville, Mo. On his return he again passed through Illinois and spent the winter in supplying the va- cancies in Tennessee and South Carolina. At the meeting of the Synod in Pittsburg in the latter part of Miy, 1818, he reported his travels and the pros- pect for church extension in the West. Synod ordered the Middle Presbytery to take him on trial for ordination, and he was accordingly ordained in Pittsburg, Pa , on the 2d of June, 1818, and sent as a nii.-sionary to Southern Illinois. Mr. Wylie reached Kaskaskia the last day of July following and immediately entered upon his work. The field of operation at fir^t was Randolph county, though it afterward embraced parts of Perrv, Washington and St Clair. A number of families belonging to the As- sociate Reformed church in South Carolina had moved into the county early in the present century, and made a settle- ment near the present town of Preston. They had been organized into a congregation by Rev. S. Brown, of Ken- tucky, a number of years before Mr. Wylie's arrival, and being without preaching from their own ministers, by request, Mr. Wylie made his principal preaching place with them. Members of the Reformed Presbyterian church began to come in. James M. Gray was the first to arrive. He came in October, and was followed immediately by his father-in- law, James Wilson, and family. They came from near Vincennes, Indiana, where they had lived a number of years after leaving South Carolina. They first settled near Kaskaskia, but finally located about three miles south of Sparta. John McDill, Sr., and Hugh McKelvey, from South Carolina, came out in the summer of 1818, and bought land in Township 4-5. On their way home they stopped in Ten- nesseee with William Edgar, Samuel Nisbet and Samuel Little, who had removed from South Carolina a number of years before, and informed them of the mission begun in Illinois. They immediitely set out for Kaskaskia and pur- chased laud, and Messrs. Edgar and Little moved out in the spring of 1819. Mr. Nisbet, however, was detained and did uot arrive until September. Mr. Dill did not move out until November, 1819, though his son, John, came in the spring of that year, and began to improve his father's place. Mr. McKelvey did not come until l'<20. Mrs. Elizabeth Ritchie came in 1818; John McMillan and family, from Princeton, Indiana, arrived about the close of 1818 or the the beginning of 1819, and settled on Plum creek, near the present town of Houston. David Cathcart and his son-in- law, William Campbell, from South Carolina, came in the spring of 1819, and settled in the lower end of Grand Cote Prairie. Alexander Alexander arrived in the spring of 1819, and bought land near the old grave-yard, and after im- proving his place, returned to South Carolina and brought out his family in the latter part of 1819. His father-iulaw, John McDill, Sr., James Munford and John Dickev, with their families came at the same time. John McMillan, of the Associate church, also came with them and settled between E en and Sparta, and Munford and Dickey settled north- east of E len. James Strahan, from western Pennsylvania, came in the spring of 1819, and settled first down toward Kaskaskia, but finally in the west end of Grand Cote. Mr. Wylie continued to preach in Kaskaskia and in the Irish settlement and among the Covenanters, until the arrival of William Edgar and Samuel Little, when the first session was constituted, May 24, 1819, at James McClurken's, about six miles southwest of Sparta. William Edgar had been ordained to the eldership in the Rocky creek congregation, Sjuth Carolina, in 18i)l, and Saml. Little in Hephzibah con- gregation, Tennessee, at its organization in the spring of 181.5. This may be reckoned the formal organization of Bethel Reformed Presbyterian Church. It is thought by some that the first communion was held at that time. A call was made soon after for Rev. J Wylie and for- warded to Synod to meet in Conoeocheague in August, 1819. The call itself bears no date, but the letter accompanying it bears date June 7, 1819, and is signed on behalf of the meeting by James Wilson and Samuel Little. The following names, with their accompanying subscrip- tions, are attached to the call, viz.: James Wil.son, S20 ; Samuel Little, S15 ; James McClurkcn, SI •") ; William Edgar, SIO; James Strahan, 812; James M. Gray, 810; David Cathcart, 810; H. H. Christie, So ; John McMillan, S15 ; Alexander Alexander, 810; John McDill, 810; Thos. G. Armour, 810; Elizabeth Ritchie, 820. The names of fifteen others follow, who had not the opportunity of signing in their proper place, viz. ; Jennet C. Edgar, Nancy Wilson, Sarah Wilson, Rachel Wilson, Jennet Strahan, John Wilson, Jr, Martin Wilson, Jenny Wilson. Jenny Gray, Jenny Little, .Susanna McClurken, Ann Strahan, Margaret McMillan, Mary Edgar. Accompanying the call was a subscription amounting to 8150 from the Associate Reformed congrega- tion already referred to, for which they desired part of Mr. Wylie's time. The matter is thus referred to m the letter : '• We beg leave to add that there is in this county a verv 244 HISTOBY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. respectable congregation belonging to the Associate Ee- formcd church. These people live amongst us, or more properly, we live amongst them. They are (we believe) pre- pared to supplicate for part of Mr. Wylie's time. The places where he would preach to them would be tolerably convenient to his own people. This circumstance would appear accommodating to us at present. We have not, however, craved their assistance; but we are more than willing to further their edification and comfort." Ihe letter urges the acceptance of the call strongly and skillfully. Synod referred the call to the Western Presbytery, and at a meeting of that court held in Hartford, Indiana, October 11, 181!), it was presented and accepted, and the Rev. John Kell appointed to install Mr. Wjlie as pastor. For some reason the installation did not take place. Presbytery met in Bethel congregation in the spring of 1820. The question of Mr. Wylie's settlement was again brought up, but it was deemed best to wait another year. At this time a communion was held at Samuel Little's, and James Mumford and James McClurken were added tp the session ; the former had been an elder in South Carolina ; the latter was furmerly a member of the Associate Reformed church, and having joined the Covenanters in 1819, was chosen and ordained to the fellowship at this time. A second call was made out for Mr. Wylie May 2'2, 1821. It was signed by thirty-five members, who subscribed $208 for his support. The names on the call show the finan- cial but not the numerical strength of the congregation. It is probable that the number of the membership at this time was about seventy. The call was presented to Presbytery on the 24th of May, and at length accepted, Mr. Wylie agreeing to give the congregation half his time, leaving the other half to be employed in mission work. He was in- stalled pastor on the 28th of May, 1821, over the congre- gation which he had gathered in the field where he had labored now nearly three years as a missionary. All the names of those contributing for ministerial sup- port on the former call are on this except those of James M. Gray, who had died, Thos. G. Armour aud H. H. Christie. The follovfing new names appear: Thomas Blair, who came from Pittsburg, but remained only a short time aud then returned; Joseph Weir, from South Carolina, who settled iu Lively Prairie ; Alexander McKelvey, who settled near his father, Hugh, in Grand Cote, in 1820 ; William Temple, William Marshall and James Beattie, who came together from the vicinity of Pittsburgh in 1821, and settled north- east of Eden. Mr. Temple afterward located about three miles west of Sparta. James Muuford aud John Dickey, whose arrival has already been noticed ; John Alexander, who settled near his brother ; Adam Edgar, son of William Edgar, and came at the same time; Ann McMillan (mother of John McMillan on Plum creek), and Mary Boyd, an unmarried woman who lived with her ; Robert Bratney, who came from Tennessee in 1280; his son, Joseph, who came at the same time, was alto a member. They settled west of Lively Prairie, near Preston. Robert Sinclair, who came from South Carolina and settled in Grand Cote ; Samuel Nisbet, who arrived with his family from Tennessee September 11, 1819, and settled east of Eden ; Jeremiah Murphy, also from Tennessee, who settled in the lower part of the county, near Shiloh ; James Gordon, son-in-law of James Wilson, who came from Indiana in the fall of 1819, settled south of Sparta, where his sou, A. J. Gordon, now lives; Hugh McKelvey and Samuel Allan, who came iu 1820 ; William Cambell, who came in the spring of 1819 with his father-in-law, David Cathcart, and James McWil- lan, also from South Carolina, who settled on the places where John McClinton now lives. The subscriptions ranged from two to fifteen dollars. Among other members who came at an early day may be mentioned Robert Moore and wife. He remained but a short time, but during his residence here he taught the first school iu the neighborhood. This was probably in 1821, and the school-house was on sec. 7, town 5-5, southeast of Sparta. The next school was taught in the summer of 1822, by Gordon Ewing in a house southeast of Eden. Mr. Ewing came out from Philadelphia in the spring of 1822, along with Mrs. Wylie (mother of Rev. Wylie) and her daughter, Mrs. Dobbins. The following year he was en- gaged in teaching in an academy in Kaskaskia along with Mr. Wylie. He was received as a student of theology by the Western Presbytery June 2, 1823, and subsequently became a minister iu the Reformed Presbyterian church. While teaching in Kaskaskia he was a principal agent in securing the organization of a Sabbath-school in the fall of 1823. It was attended in the morning by the white " child- ren, English and French, to the number of fifty, and in the afternoon by the blacks to the same number. Some of the most respectable citizens are engaged as teachers." The congregation still continued to increase. The early records of session are missing, but a report prepared for Presbytery, bearing date March 25. 1825, gives the number of members received up to that time as follows: Received on testimonial, 77 ; on personal examination, 44. Of these, seven had removed to other congregations, and eight had died, leaving the membership at that date 106, and the number of families 51. The number of infant baptisms was 42. The first places of preaching were under the trees of the forest, in cabins and in barus. The first house of worship was a frame 28x40 feet, built in 1823. It soon became too small to accommodate the growing congregation. It was lecided first, July 14, 1827, to enlarge the house, and finally, February 11, 1830, to sell and build a new brick church. Two sites were named for the nevv church — the one the old site lowland (about 200 yards south of the old grave- yard) ; the other upland, about three-fourths of a mile northeast of the old church, within the present limits of Eden, — the location to be determined by the amount of the subscriptions in favor of each. The new site was chosen. A building committee was appointed, and the work let ipr $800. Those in favor of the old site became dissatisfied, and the matter was finally referred to Presbytery for settle- ment. Pending its settlement, a petition for a separate organiza- tion was pre.sented, signed by 27 families, who favored the HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 245 old site aiid were opposed to the new chuuh. The rtquett was granted and a second congregation formed on the oih of November, 1831. The first elders in Bethel congregation, were in the new organization, and claiming this to be the original congrega- tion, they prefixed the name Old to the original name Bethel, and are so known to this day. The new church was 45x(i0. It was inclosed in 1H3'2, so that the congrega- tion used it during that summer and the summer following. For many yeais, a diflerence of opinion existed among ministers and members of the Keformed Presbyterian Church, respecting the moral character of the United States government, and consequently a diflerence of opinion, re- specting the practical application of the principles of the church on civil government. This diflerence of opinion, was the occasion of a division in the body, in I'^-'iS. The general Synod was divided into two separate organizations, in August of that year. The one retained the name General Synod, and the other is known as the Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. The former allows her members to decide for themselves, as to their participation in civil aflairs, prohibiting only sucli conuection with the government as involves immorality. The latter does not allow her members to vote, or hold office, provided this implies support of the Constitution of the United States, or to sit on juries. This division affected nearly all the congregations in the body. Bethel was divided. The pastor, and James Munford, J. K. Taylor, James Blair and Thomas Blair, members of session, with the majority of the congregation, adhered to General Synod. A. McMillan and Jas. Coulter, with the minority of the congregation, took the side of the Synod. Old Bethel also sided with the Synod. James McClurken, however adhered to the General Synod, and returning to Bethel, he was again chosen ruling elder, March, 1^34, an office which he filled until his death, Jan. 17th, 18.51. A few other families re- turned about the same time. The new cliurch building was inclosed, but not yet finished. The question of ownership arose. Samuel Nisbet and An- drew Miller, the former with General Synod, the latter with the Synod, proposed a settlement. Mr. Miller chose the church, and each chose two arbitrators (they choosing a fifth ) to whom the decision of the terms was left. They decided, that those taking the church should g<-t all sub- scriptions given by those, not members of the church, and those with the General Synod should receive their own sub- scriptions back again. In the spring of 1834, the congregation resolved to build a new brick church, oOxGO, close by the second building. The old frame church was occupied by the congregation, while the new one was being built. It was begun in 1834, and inclosed the following year. The whole cost was about §2700, which was mostly provided for, by the sale of the pews. In 1828, 69 families and 127 communicants are reported. In 1836, 90 families and 20") communicants are reported. The next year shows, 99 families and 233 communicants. The congregation now began to colonize. As early as February, 1834, a petition was presented from Mud Creek, asking for supplies. Supplies were given from lime to time, untd June l?th, 1838, when the Mud Creek society was or- ganized, as Salera congregation, John Hemphill and James Mclntire, being ordained elders. .James Wilson, an elder in Bethel, also belonged to the new organization. The so- ciety in Six mile, and that in Hill Prairie, received organiza- tion in 1>'42. The former took the name Concord, and the latter Hill Prairie. Dr. R. W. Marshall and Robert Mathews, were the first elders in Hill Prairie. We do not follow its history farther, save to say that in connection with Concord, it formed the pastoral charge of Rev. M. Harshaw, who was ordained to the ministry in the Bethel church Eden, Nov. 9th, 1«42. The history of Concord will he given among the churches of Perry county. Grand Cote, on the northeast, look steps for an organization, in 1849, and it was effected at the house of James Robb, on the 8th of February, 1850 James Robb, and A. R, McKelvey, were chosen to the eldership, and ordained in Eden on the 7th of March, following. The membership numbered sixty. Bethel still continued to flourish, and in \>*'j'^ there were over 280 communicants. At an earlier date there were over ■350 communicants. In 1860, another congregation called Smyrna, was or- ganized in Opossumden Prairie, on the southwest. James C. Wilson and John H. Breckenridge, were ordained elders, and the membership numbered 32. After receiving supplies for a few years, it became disorganized, most of the members returning to Bethel. In 1867, the United Presbyterians organized a congrega- tion, about bix miles north of Eden, and a numberof families belonging to Bethel, residing in that vicinity, connected with it. During this year and the year following, the entire de- nomination was stirred up, over the subjects of psalmody and communion. Geo H. Stuart, of Philadelphia, a leading elder in the church, and a member of the General Synod at its meeting held in May, 1868, in Pittsburg, Pa., for in- subordination to the .Synod, expressed with reference to her rules, on the subjects before mentioned, was suspended. This action led to the withdrawal of quite a number of ministers and members from the fellowship of General Synod. Bethel was affected by it. The Scotch element in the congregation almost unanimously, withdrew and subseciueutly effected an organization in Sparta, in connection with the Old School Presbyterian Church. This church was organized on the 5th of June, 1869, with 60 members, most of whom were formerly members of Bethel. As many as 70 in all with- drew on this account. In 1870 the question of union between the United and Reformed Presbyterian churches, was again agitated. A basis of Union, framed by a committee from the two bodies, was laid before the General Synod, in May, 1870, but was not adopted. It was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church. The ministers of the Western Presbytery, with the excep- tion of Rev. Dr. Wylie, in August, 1870, withdrew from 246 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Concord, Hill Prairie, and Grand Cote, were divided, about one-third of the mem- bership of each going into the U. P. Church. lu Bethel, no new organization was attempted, but quite a number of families withdrew and connected with the United Presby- terian church in Sparta. Previous to this action however. Rev. Dr. Wylie had at his own request, been released from the pastoral care of Bethel congregation. His release took eflect on the 20th of February, 1870, when he had entered upon the 81st year of his age. That day being the Sabbath, he explained Psalm 90: 13 — 17, and preached in the forenoon from Rom. 8. 28, and in the afternoon from 2 Cor. l-S : 11. He still remained in the congregation, preaching as op- portunity ofiered, in the different congr gations, now desti- tute by the death or withdrawal of their pastors, — until called to his reward, March 20tii, 1872. He fell asleep peacefully, in the 83d year of his age, hav- ing nearly completed the 54th year of his labors as a mis- sionary in that field, and the 57th of his ministry. His last public service was at the opening of the new church in Grand Cote congregation, Jan. 14th, 1872. He explained J'salm 84, and preached the sermon from Hebrews 12 : 28 On the 28th of December, 1871, he presided in the mo- deration of a call for a pastor in Bethel. The call resulted in the choice of the writer, who accepted the call and was ordained and installed on the 5th of June, 1872, in the church of Eden. Though the congregation had been greatly reduced through repeated divisions, it has since enjoyed a good de- gree of prosperity. In the spring of 1876, it was decided to remove from Eden, and locate in Sparta. Accordingly, the Methodist church, which wa^ then offlred for sale, was bought and completed, and the services of the congregation have been held in Sparta, since the first of July, 1876. The records, as far as preserved, show that over a thous- and members were received into full communion, during Mr. Wylie's ministry. The present membership is about 170 (Jan. 1883.) The financial aftairs of the congregation are managed by a board of trustees, and a treasurer. The present members of the board are : S. F. Hyndman, J. F Blair, \Vm H. Wilson, J. C Wilson, J. M. Lackey, S. Baird, and Wm. C. Fullerton. J. C. Boyle is treasurer of the congregation. The session consists of the pastor, W. J. Smiley, and the following ruling elders : John McCaughan, S. T. Nisbet, John Temple, J. G. Wylie, W. W. Hemphill, Wm. Mc- Intyre, Hugh Nisbet, Neal Mclntyre, and D. R Stormont. The following persons have entered the ministry, from this congregation, viz : Gordon T. Ewing, Hugh A. McKelvey, Wm. T. Wylie, Robert Brown, R. C. Wyatt, and John B. Galloway. Ijisl of Ruling Elders in Bethel Congregation, with time of entering upon o£ice. * James Wilso n, April 29, 1817. 6 James Cr.awford, .ipril 19, 1855. •.lolin Ciimpb ^11, Sept. 11, 1841. a Samuel Neil, Oct. 31, 1861. ♦James Wllso n, Jr., Sept. 11, H4l. Samuel W. McKelvey, April 30, 1863. «J..lin Ri.'lim >n, Sept. 11, 1811. James F. Blair, April 30, 1863. n Davi.l IMiiiH. r.l, tieul. 11, ls41. 6. James B. Anderson, April 30, 1863. •Chail.- M'-K .•!■,. 'V, F.'!. :.. l-l:l. Samuel T. Ni' a, .Vpiil ID, 1855. Dand U. .-M ...uuual, ikt. 19, 18S2. > William Edgar, May 24, 1819. •Samuel Little, May 24, 1819. ► James Muntorri, April 28, 1,S20. •James McClurken, April 28, 1820. • Archibald McMillan, April l^, 1623. • Thos. G. Armour, 1826 probably. •James Coulter, May 5, 1831. 'John K Tavlor, Aug. 11, 1832. ' .1 nil.... llh.ir. Aug. 11, 1832. ' j III. 1, III- r.i 111, Aug. 11, 1S32. ■ w hliiiiii I'lin-nii, "April 11, 1834. ' Siiinii.il .\islii/l, April 11, 1834. • William Jamison, April 11, 1834. • John Fulton, May 30, 1835. * deceased. a now in the United Presbyterian Church. b now in the Presbyterian Church. Forty-two persons in all have been ruling Elders in Bethel, of whom but seventeen are now living. Messrs: Edgar J. Munford, A. McMillan, and J. Wilson were elders in South Carolina ; Messrs. Little, Taylor, and James and Thos. Blair in Tennessee ; Mr. Fulton in Ohio ; Dr. Marshall in Hill Prairie ; and Mr. M. McMillan in Concord , though the last two were members of Bethel before Hill Prairie and Concord were organized: BETHEL SYNOD. This congregation is a part of the original Bethel, and its separate history dates from the division of 1833. At that time its members chose the new church building, still unfinished, and agreed to pay those in connection with General Synod the amount subscribed by them for building the church. Rev. Daniel Steele of Ohio was the first minis- ter who visited them. In the summer of 1834 he preached here and in Old Bethel and Elkhorn. During his stay he organized a congregation in Elkhorn, in connection with Synod, which obtained Rev. S. McKinney as pastor in 1835. This congregation does not claim connection with Bethel, al- though Mr. Wylie had labored there and gathered in some members before the division. Beth 1 was dependent on supplies for several years. The first effort to obtain a pastor resulted in the choice of Rev. J. B Johnston on the 17th of September, 1839. The call was declined. On the 27th of January, 1840, a call was made in favor of Mr. Hugh Stevenson. Having accepted the call, he was ordained by the Presbytery of the Lakes, July 13, 1840, and soon after began his labors in Bethel, and was installed pastor on the 15th Oct., 1840. He died, greatly lamented, on the 15th of May, 1846, in the 38th year of his age During his pastorate 76 persons were received into full communion. The ue.xt pastor was the Rev. James Milligan. He begau his labors in M rch 1848. The congregation still increased in numbers, and during his pastorate the Church Hill con- gregation in Grand Cote Prairie was organized. He was released from his charge, at his own request, on the 9th of August, 1854. On the 13th of August, 1855, Mr. D. J. Shaw was called to become pastor, but declined the call. Mr. D. S. Paris was called on the 26th of March, 1857. He accepted the call and was ordained and installed Oct. 7, 1857. From that time until the present Mr. Paris has con- tinued to discharge faithfully the duties of his office, and his pastorate is now the longest in the whole community. In 1874 the old church and lot were sold and a new brick church 40x60 feet was built in Sparta, at a cost of over HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MOXROE AXD PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 247 85,000. It was first used for public worship on Sabbath, Feb 21, 1875, the pastor preaching the opcniDg sermon from John 4: 23. The number of members at present is 94. Among those who have entered the ministry in the Reformed Presbyterian Church from this congregation may be named : A. C. Todd, and T. P. Stevenson, editor of the Christkin Staifsman, publisiied iu Philadelphia in the interest of na- tional reform. The following is the list of officers in the congregation, and the time of entering on office: DEACONS. James Pre.eton, Feb. 1841. Wm. Miller, do. Ale-tanderMcKelvpy, do. Robert Sinclair, Feb. 6. 184S. I.«aac H. Hayes, Sept. 4, 1856. Charles Preston, do. C. H. Slormoni, Ocloher 14, 1859. R. H. Sinclair, .*pril 27, IStJii. R.J. Miller, April la, 1877. Juhu Siiiari, do. do. Archibald McMillan. James Coulter. John Hunter. Alexander Moore. Robert Miller. Feb. 6, 1S45. Wm. Bovd, do. do. ph f atton, Oct. 31, 1830. Mattli Pre- do. Wm. A. Stevenson, Oct. 14, 1859. James Finlev, April 27, l8t^. R. H. .Sinclair, .May 7, 1868. Daniel Dickev. A. \V. Hunter; April 19, 1877. John E. Wils .ton,C. H.Stnrmont R. Miller, V. Dickey, A. W. Hunter and and R. J. .Miller. J. E. Wilson. OLD BETHEL CONGREGATION. Old Bethel was organized by act of Presbytery, Nov. 5th, 1831. Twenty-seven families joined iu the request for a separate organization, and at the first meeting of Bethel session after this, three other families asked to be certified to the new congregation. As they opposed the building of the new church, and had with them the first elders of Bethel, they claimed to be the original congregation ; and, to make sure their claim, pre- fi.\ed the term "Old" to the original name "Bethel," and are so known. The records of the congregation for a period of nine years are lost. In the divi.-ion of 1833 the congregation, with the excep- tion of a few families, went with the Synod. The congre- gation received supplies until the settlement of their first pastor, Rev. James Wallace, Nov. 1st, 1840. Before this time, Alexander J. Edgar and James Finley had been added to the session. The first election for deacons was held January 11, 1841, when John Finley, William Edgar and Robert Weir were chosen and ordained on the 20th of the same month. Archi- bald Rodgers was added to the session Sept. 26 1845. On the 10th of December, 184(5, Archibald Hunter and William Weir were ordained to the eldership, and David Ewing was added to the board of deacons. James Mathews and Robert Redpath were chosen deacons Sept. lltli, 1850 and ordained in October following. Thonuis Doneily was chosen ruling elder at the same time. On the 3d of Feb , 1853, J. A. Brown and Robert W. Lyons were invested with the office of deacon, and at the same time James C. Lynn was added to the session. James Mathews was added to the session Feb 1, 1855, and John Weir, April 15th, 185X. At the latter date, John Lynn and Joseph B. Mathews were added to the board of deacons On the 5th of May, 1865, Hugh Mathews, John Houston and Wm J. S Cathcart were invested with the office of ruling elders. On the 16tb of May, 1867, Mr. AVallace having received an appointment to bring the subject of National Reform be- fore the people of Illinois, asked to be released from bis con- gregation His request was granted, and the pulpit was declared vacant on the first Sabbath of July following. His pastorate extended over a period of nearly twenty-seven years. After filling his appointment in the interests of Na- tional Reform, he continued to labor in the work of the ministry as opportunity offered, until his death, May 1st, 1877. The first house of worship was built a!)out the time that Mr. Wallace became pastor. It was a frame buildiug, and stood on the hill near Adam Wylie's residence. It was de- stroyed by fire in 1852. A brick church was built the fol- lowing year on Plum Creek, more than a mile S. W. of the old site, and the congregation still continues to worship in it. About the same lime a part of the congregation that had been seeking a separate organization for some time, built a frame church on John Lynn's farm, about two miles N. W. of the site of the old church. Failing to obtain a separate organization, some united with other congregations under care of .Synod, and the rest declined the authority of Synod and organized in connection with the Reformed Presbytery. In April, 18GS, a call was made out for Mr. James A. Black, a licentiate of the Pittsburgh Presbytery. It was declined. A year later, a call was made upon Mr. W. J. Gillespie, a licentiate of the same Presbytery. This call was accepted, and Mr. Gillespie was ordained on the 14th of October. IX&K After laboring with much acceptance for a year, he joined the United Presbyterian Church, and became pastor of the congregation in Sparta. In November, 1^71, a call was made upon Mr. S. J. Crowe, which was declined. Another call, made October 7, 1872, in favor of Rev. N. M. Johnston, was also declined. In the spring of 1874 a call was made for Rev. P P. Boyd, of Cedarville, Ohio. He accepted the call, and was installed pistor July 20, 1874, a relation which he still sustains. During his pastorate the following members have been added to session — Thos. Finley, Thos. Orr, Louis M. Patter- son. Their ordination took place Dec. 4th , 1875. At the same time J. T. Weir, J. H. Marshall and D J. Reid were ordained deacons. The congreg.ation is in a flourishing condition, and stronger than at any firmer period of its history. The present mem- bership is 168. J. McDonald and J. JI. Armour entered the ministry from this congregation, and J. M. Finley, licentiate was also brought up in it. HILL PRAIRIE CONGREGATION. (Reformed Presbytery). That part of Old Bethel congre- gation referred to above as seekinga separate organization was known as the Hill Prairie society of the Reformed Prft'^byterian Church. In August 1857, twenty members of that society petitioned the Reformed Presbytery for an organization. The request was granted and on the 4th of Nov. Rev. David Steele and James Williams, (ruling Elder) committee of Presbytery, 248 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. organized a congregation consisting of twenty-three members. Joseph Keys, Wm. R. Lynn and Johu Tweed were chosen candidates for office of ruling Elder, and ordained on the 12th of the same month, and the first communion was held on the Sabbath following. In March 1858 a unanimous call was made upon Rev. David Steele to become pastor, the congregation asking for one halt of his time. The call was signed by twenty-three members as follows: James Elder, Jenny C. Holmes, Mary Fowlds, Ellen Cathcart, Joseph Lynn, William R. Lynn, Nancy Lynn, Joseph Keys, Ellis Keys, John Cathcart, Mary Cathcart, Hugh Tweed, Jennet Twetd, Jane 'Cuthbertson, David Tweed, Amelia J. Tweed, James E. Wilson, Ann Wilson, John J. Marshall, Elizaeth Marshall, John Tweed, Nancy Tweed and Robert J. Ritchie. Mr. Steele began his labors in June 1858, and continued to do the work of a pastor among them about eight years, though he was never formally installed pastor over the congregation. At the end of that time he removed to Phila- delphia having accepted a call from the congregation^ in that city. On the 17th of October 1861, M. H. Lynn M. D, was added to the session In May 18(53, the congregation had increased so that the communicants numbered forty-five. Session having become disorganized by the death of all its members, except John Tweed, on the '27th of May 1867, J. H. Marshall and Hugh Tweed were chosen candidates for the Eldership. On the 6th of June following, Mr. Maishall was ordained, Mr. Tweed having declined to serve. The membership at this time was 35— The congre- gation aiterward decreased but there is still a remnant which is supplied from lime to time by the Presbytery. GRAND COTE E. P. CHURCH. Grand Cote was the fourth congregation formed from Bethel in connection with General Synod after the division of 1833. At the fall meeting of the We.stern Presbytery in 1849, Bethel session was authorized to organize a congre- gation in Grand Cote Prairie if the way should be open. This decree was carried into effect on the 8th of Feb. 1850, at the house of James Robb ; James Robb and A. R. McKelvey were chosen ruling Elders and their ordination took place on the first Thursday of March in the Bethel church in Edtn The congregation consisted of sixty mem- bers and took its name from the paririe in which it was located The site chosen for the church was withiu the limits of the present town of Coulterville. The first building was a frame 40 x 50, erected in 1851 though not finished for some years afterwards. Starting under such favorable circumstances they soon sought to obtain a pastor, and on the 15th of August 1850 in connection with Salem made a call upon Mr. James Pearson This call was declined. Another call was mads soon after in connection with Unity, in favor Mr. G. R. McMillan, but was also declined. Mr. Pearson having been released from his charges in Washington congregation was again called by the Grand Cote congregation in connection with Unity in the spring of 1853. Having accepted the call he was installed on the 18th of August following and continued to labor with success until laid aside by disease which terminated in his death on the 28th of March, 1856. In the spring of 1857 a call was made upon Mr. Matthew McBride, but it was not accepted. The next effort to secure a pastor resulted in the choice of Mr. Wm. S. Bratton on the 24th of October 1859. He accepted and was ordained and installed over the congrega- tion on the 15lh of Dec. following. He labored diligently, even beyond his strength, publicly and from house to houte, for nearly eleven years. The congregation increased to such an extent tl- at it became necessary to enlarge the house of worship. In August 1870, along with most of the ministers of the Western Presbytery, Mr. Bra:ton withdrew from the Reformed and joined the United Presbyterian Church. About one third of the congregation went with him, and he. contin- ued to preach to them until his death Jan. lUh, 1873. The congregation was again dependent on supplies. In the fall of 1871, the old church was taken down and a new frame building 40 x 60 erected on the same site. On the 16th of April 1872 a call was made upon Mr. W. J. Smiley to become their pastor. This call was never presented in- asmuch as the candidate has already accepted a call from the Bethel. On the 22nd of July 1873 a unaminous call was made upon Mr. Robert Hunter, to become then pastor. This call was accepted and the pastor elect, after completing his course in the Seminary began his labors in March following and was ordained and installed on the I5th of May 1874. He labored succesfully here for a period of seven years when on account of the failing health of his wife he was compelled to seek a change of climate. He oflered his resignation of his charge which was accepted, the release going into effect on the 15th of May 1881. The session at its first meeting consisted of three members, viz : James Wilson, James Robb, and A. R. McKelvey. The first named was an elder in Bethel, and belonged to that part of the congregation set off to form the new organ- ization. David Munford also an elder in Bethel was chosen an elder in Grand Cote Jan. 20th, 1852. Robert Mathews one of the original members of Hill Prairie session was chosen to that office here on the30ih of Oct., 1852. Sam'l Douglas, James R. McKelvey and Wm. Munford were added to the session June 20th, 18.59. James W. McMillan, Robert James, and Wm. J. Mathews were likewise added April 30th, 1863. Wm. W. Jamison declined serving. Session having been reduced by the deith of some of its members and the removal of others from the congregation, was increased April 4lh, 1873 by the installation of James Kemps and Jno. B lyle, who had been ordained to the elder- ship in the Unity congregation at the time of itsorgauization a few years before, and the ordination of James Walker. James H. Carlisle, Charles R. McKelvey and Matthew S. McMillan were cho.sen at the same time but declined. The last addition to the session was made Oct. 26th, 1876 when Jno. C. McKelvey and M. S. McMillan were ordained HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 249 and iostalled Elders. James S. Kell, formerly an elder in Princeton congregation, chosen at this time, declined serving. The members now are James Robb, Robert Mathews, Wm. J. Mathews, James Kemps, J no. Boyle, James Walker, Jno. C. McKelvey and Matthew S. McMillan. On the I3th of September 1882, a call was made upon Mr. James B. McCool, a licentiate of the Philadelphia Presbytery to become pastor; which has since been declined. In March 1868 a congregation consisting of thirty-seven members was organized in Elkhorn Prairie Washington Cj. it took the name Unity and was recognized as a branch of Grand Cote congregation and enjoyed a share of the p:istors labors for a time. In 1870 most of the members went into the United Presbyterian Church and theorganizatibn became the basis of of the Oakdale U. P. Congregation. Abont six hundred and fifty members in all have been connected with the Grand Cote congregation. The present membership is about two hundred. CHURCH HILL CONGREGATION. This congregation was organized on the 17th of July, 18.")4, by a committee of the Illinois Presbvteiy. It was originally a part of the Bethel congregation Eden. Fifty-nine mem- bers were received from that congregation, and enrolled as members of the new organization. Alaxander Moore, Sr., J. G. Miller and John Robinson, were elect2d Ruling Elders, and Samuel Elliott and Wm. Woodside, Deacons. A church building had been erected some time previous to the organization on what was familiarly called " ihe mound" in Grand Cote pairie, the present site of the village of Coulterville, named in honor of its founder James Coul- ter, the oldest resident of the prairie. The congregation was able from the first to support the regular ordinances. Accordingly the moderation of a call was granted them and on the tith of November 18.54, Rev. James Milligan (who had resigned the charge of Bethel congregation) was chosen pastor. This call was never pre- sented, but Mr. Milligan was continued stated supply for a considerable time. On October 2(), 18.")7, a call was made on Rev. H. P. McClurken. This call was presented and declined. Another call made October 28, Ls.X, on Rev. A. C Todd, was also declined. On the 14th of November, 18.")9, a call was made on Rev. W. F. George, which was accepted, and his installation took place on the .5th of March, I8(i0. June 21, 18.58, Samuel Woodside and M. K. Mawhinney were ordained elders, and Thompson Moore and Andrew Thompson, deacons. October 18, 1860, D. H. Coulter and Alaxander Moore were added to the session ; also, Wm. Woodside and W. B Whittaker on the 16th of October, 1863. April 1.5th, 1864, Willsou Moore and Alexander Camp- bell were made deacons. Another election January 9, 1867, resulted in the choice of VVill.son Moore and David Mearns, as elders, and on the 28th of February following, they were ordained and in- stalled. .32 At the same time, W. McKelvey, J. 0- Mawhinney and Robt. Cathcart were invested with the office of deacon. Rev. W. F. George, after laboring faithfully in the con- gregation eleven years, was. at his own request, released from his charge on the 3d of May, 1871. In December following, a call was moderated in favor of Mr. S J. Crowe, but it was not accepted. On February 11, 1873, a call was made out in favor of Rev. J. M. Faris, which was acceptetl, and on June 19, 1872 he was installed pastor by a commission of presbytery. February 4, 1875, J. D. Elder, R. S. Edgar, J. M. Wylie, R. K. Wiseley were added to the se.-sion. On the 1.5th of March of the same year, R. R. McKelvey, R. B. Elliott, W. J. Crawford and J J. Torrens were added to the board of deacons. M. H. McKelvey and J. W. Pres- ton were also invested with the office of dtacoii on the 14th of November, 1881. The records show the names of 312 persons enrolled as members since the organization of the congregation. The number now in full communion is 134. The present house of worship was built in 1873. It is of brick, 40x65 ft and costs ?5,000, and was first occupied on the 1st of March, 1874. The present officers of the congregation are Rev J. M. Faris, pastor ; J. G. Miller, Wm. Woodside, Samuel Wood- side, J. D. Elder, R S. Elgar and R. K. Wiseley, ruling elders; and Samuel Elliott, R. B. Elliott, W. J. Crawford, M. H. McKelvey and James Preston, deacons. D. H. Coulter formerly an elder is now in the ministry. While the influence of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in this community is not as extensive as formerly, being now shared by other churches, yet we may truly say that the reputation which the community enjoys for intelligence and morality, is in large measure due to the Reformed Pres- byterian Church. Her influence for liberty has been felt, and while her tes- timony against slavery, lifted up at the close of the last century, (since the year 1800 no slaveholder was retained in her communion) has been vindicated, she still pleads for the recognition of the rights of Christ as " Head over all things to the church. EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. BY REV. FR. ERUMANN. The Evangelical Lutheran Church is the church named after the great Reformer, Dr. Martin Luther. She receives the canonical books of the Old and New Testaments as the infallible revealed Word of God, and adheres to " Book of Concord," from the year 1580, as her Confession. The "Book of Concord" consists, 1. Of the three CEcumenical Creeds; 2 The Augsburg Confession from 1530; 3. The Apology of the Augsburg Confession ; 4. The Schraalcaldian Articles; 5. Luther's Smaller and Larger Catechisms; 6. The Formula of Concord. The Lutheran Church was transplanted to this country mainly by German and Scandinavian immigrants, and dates back as far as when New York was yet a Dutch colony, 250 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. The present* state of the Evangelioal Lutheran Church in the United States is about as follows: 57 Synods; 3,300 Ministers; 5 900 Congregations; 741,000 Communicants. She has under her care : 20 Theological Seminaries ; 23 Academies ; 16 Colleges ; 14 Female Seminaries ; 20 Orphan Houses; 5 Hospitals; 1 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. She issues 78 church papers — 26 in the English, 28 in the German, 6 in the Swedish, 14 in the Norwegian and 4 in the Danish language. The Lutheran Church in Randolph county, Illinois, has at present ten German congregations. The oldest of these is the Evangelical Lutheran Trinily congregation in Horse Prairie, in the northwestern part of the ( ounty. It dates back as far as 18 12, and was organized by German immigrants from the principality of Schaumburg Lip[>e and from the former kingdom of Hanover. The first Germans who came to Horse Prairie, in the year 1838, were the two brothers Charles and Ernest Schrieber, Henry Mohrs and Henry Beier. For the next two years other new settlers came in, and though they were small in number, yet they organized themselves, in the year 1842, as the Evan- gelical Lutheran Trinity congregation. The first divine services were held in private houses. In 1844, Henry Moehrs donated to the congregation one acre of land, to be used partly for the site of a church and partly for a grave- yard. In the same year the first church was built, a very primitive log house, 25x18 feet. The whole cost of this church was hardly mors than S50; but nevertheless they were rejoiced to have a church of their own. The first pastor who preached occasionally to this congregation was Rev. Jordan ; the next one Rev. Gotha. In the fall of 1845 the Rev. Martin Stephan accepted a call from the congregation ; he died on the 26th day of February, 1846. Stephan was the first pastor who resided in the midst of the congregation —the log church was at the same time his dwelling house. After Stephan, the Rev. A. Baltzer, from Waterloo, III., preached, for about one year and a half, occasionally to the congregation, and in like manner his successor, the Rev. W- Bmner. The Revs. Bjltzer and Binner were not Lutheran pastors ; they both belonged to the so-called United Evan, gelical Church, and they both tried to draw over the congre- gation to their denomination; but though they did not succeed, yet they were the cause of a division in the congre- gation. In 1848 nine members withdrew from the Lutheran congregation and organized an Evangelical one. This Evangelical congregation was in existence until 1859, when their members reunited with the Lutheran church and turned over their property to this congregation. In 1848 the Rev. C. Strasen took charge of the Lutheran congrega- tion, and remained with them for about two years. In the meantime the congregation had increased in number, and the log church became too small, and they began, in 1849, to build the second church, a frame building, 40x28 feet. In 185t> the Rev Brey accepted a call from the congrega- tion. He was a man of great learning, but more adapted for a professor's chair than for the pulpit. He resigned after •Where the words "present," "to the present," "at the present time," are used in this article, it always means to October, 1882. six months. His successor from March, 1851, to March 1853, was the Rev. A. Brandt. In 1851 the new church was completed, and was dedicated on the 3d day of August 'n the same year. On this occasion the Rev Birkmann, from Monroe county, preached in German, and the Rev. M. Eirich, from Chester, in English. The cost of the new church was about SI, 000. After the new church was occu- pied, the old log church was used as a parsonage. In May, 1853 the present pastor, the Rev. F. Erdmann, received and accepted a call from the congregation, and took charge thereof on the 25th day of September, 1853. At that time the congregation numbered about 16 voting members, which number was, on the 26th of December of the same year, increased to 32. The number of communicants at this time were about 85, and the number of scholars in the school was 32. At the present time the congregation counts more than 100 voting members and about 350 communicants, and in the school* are more than 100 scholars. In 1856 a new parsonage was built, at a cost of about 8700, and the old one, the former log church, was converted into a school house. In 1859- when the Evangelical congregation had reunited with the Lutheran, their church waj moved to the premises of the Lutheran congregation, and used for a school house until the year 1869. In 1860 the old log church was taken down. In 1859 the first pipe organ was purchased by the congregation — it was a small instrument with but three stops — at a cost of S315. About two years later, this organ was exchanged for a larger one, with eight stops. Up to the year 1866, the pastor of the congregation had at the same time to teach the school, but at that time the number of scholars had become so large that it became necessary to employ a teacher. The first teacher was B. Cunz ; he took charge of the school in March, 1866, and was discharged in September of the same year. The present teacher, C. Ste- dingk, has had charge of the school since October, 1866. By natural growth and by immigration, the congregation had become so large that their second church proved to be too small ; so it resolved to build a larger one. On the 13th day of May, 1868, the corner-stone of the new church was laid. Preaclung was had on different occasions by the Rev. J. C. Noll, from near Ruma, and Rev Fr. Herold, from Ma'- coutah, and on the 3d day of December, 1868, the new church was dedicated. The preaching on this occasion was by the Revs. Eisenbach, Tegtmeyer and Noll. The new church is a brick building, 75x .3 feet, with a steeple of about 120 feet high, and two good sized metal bells in the belfry. The cost of the new church was about S14,200. After the new church was occupied, the old one was used for a school house, and received an addition of a room for cate- chetical instruction. In 1875 a new frame parsonage was built, at a cost of about S2,200. It is resolved to build, next spring, a dwelling house for the teacher, which will cost at least $1,500. The congregation owns at present seven acres of land, with all the buildings thereon, whose value is at least $18,000. The Evangelical St. John's congregation in Red Bud. In the year 1854, the Rev. Francis Erdmann commenced • The word "school" in this article always means "Parochial school." HISIORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 251 preaching every alternate Sunday in Red Bud. At that time neither a school house nor other building suitable for preaching was to be found in the limits of the town. The first divine services were held in a log school house, about one mile west of the town on the Waterloo road. Here, in 1855, the Evangelical Lutheran St. John's congregation was organized with about ten members. Among them were William Giiebert, William Hilgeraaier, William Kloepper, Christian Busse, H. Kooh, E^q , all from the northern part of Germany. About the same time the congregation was organized, a new public school house was built in Red Bud Divine services were held therein. In 18.56 Mr. Samuel Crozier donated one acre of land to the congregation for the site of a church, and the congregation bought two more acres of him, partly to be used as a graveyard, and com- meoced in the same year the building of a church, which was completed and dedicated in the spring of 1857. On the occasion the Revs. Boetiicher and Eppens preached German aud the Rev. D. Swaney in English. The new church was a brick building, and cost about 81 500 In February, 1859, the Rev. Francis Erdmann resigned this charge, and the congregation extended a call to the present pastor, the Rev. Fr. Schaller, who was installed on the fourth day of December, 1859. By that time the congre- gation numbered 26 voting members. At present it counts 87 voting members, and about 340 comniunicanls. In 1864 a new parsonage was built for about Sl,800. The first church had become too small, and the corner stone of a new one was laid on the 23J day of June, 1867, the Revs. M. Stephan and C. S. Kleppisch officiating. In the spring of 1868 it was completed, and was dedicated on the 19th day of April of the same year. The Revs. Professors A. C'raemer and G. Schaller, both from St Louis, Mo., preached dedication sermons- It is a brick building, erected at a cost of about 812,000. The old church was converted into a school house. The pastor of the congregation taught the church school until the year 1864. when the first teacher, A. Burgdorf, was em- ployed. The present teacher, William Holtmann, has had charge of the school since fall, 1875. The school numbers 90 scholars. In 1876 a new dwelling-house for the teacher was built for about 8900, and in 1880 the old church taken down, and on its foundation a two-stcry biick school-house erected for about 81500. The property of the congrega- tion at the present time is of a value of about 816,000. The Evangelicil Lutheran St. John's congregation near Ruraa. At the time when the Rev. C. Strasen, was pastor of the Trinity congregation in Horse Prairie, he preached at the same time to the people, who had settled between Horse Creek aud Camp Creek, and in the year 1848 the St. John's congregation was organized with eleven members, all from the former kingdom of Hanover, Ger- many. Among the first members were H. Wegner, C. Liefer, H. Knoke, D. Kueker, etc. In the same year, one acre of land was bought by the congregation, partly for the site of church, and partly for graveyard, and a log church was erected. In 1858 the congregation bought five acres of land for 850 of Mr. Clark, situated more centrally, about one mile and a half southwest of their first church. The first building erected on this new premises was a log parson- age in 1860. In 1866 the building of a new church was commenced and finished, and dedicated in March, 1837. The Revs. Knoll, Staiger and Erdmann preached on the occasion. The new church is a brick building, and its costs were about 83,500. In 1868 a log school house was built, and in 1880 a new frame parsonage for about 81,100. The congregation numbers at present 45 voting members, and about 150 communicants. The school numbers 40 scholars and is taught by the pastor. The first pastor of the con- gregation was the Rev. C. Strasen, who resigned in 1849. His successors, until the year 1858, were the Revs. G. Weit- brecht and H. A. Eppens. From 1859 to the beginning of 1860 the Rev. Frounn had charge of the congregation, and was the first pastor residing within the bounds of the con- gregation. During the summer of 1860 the Rev. I. C. Knoll took charge of the congregation and remained with them until the second day of November, 1878, when he died. Then the congregation exiended a call to the present pastor, Rev. E. Schrader. who was installed in February, 1879. The con- gregation possesses a property worth more than $5,000. The Evangelical Lutheran congregation in Evaiisville is of a more recent date ; it was organized by the Rev. J. C. Xoll, owns a brick church 54x34 feet. Its property is worth p.bout 83 000. In 1881 the Rev. J. G. Gruber took charge of the congregation, and resigned in 1882. At present the Rev. C. Schrader preaches for the congregation, and Mr. Mohr, a theological student is assistant, and teaches at the same time school. With iliis congregation a preach- ing place in Preston is connected. The Evangelical St John's congregation in Chester was organized on the 22d day of April, 1849, by the Rev. S. Butterniann, with 14 members, all from the northern part of Germany. Among the first members were F. A. All- meyer, F. W. Allmeyer, H. Bode, H. Goehr, F. Brinkmann, etc. In the same year the first church, a frame building, was erected for about 8800. In 1854 a brick parsonage was built. In 1857 the church was enlarged by an addition of twenty feet, and a basement for school. In 1865 a new brick school hou->e was erected. By continual growth the congregation became too large for its house of worship, and the corner-stone of the new church edifice was laid on the 13th day of October, 1878. In the fall, 1880, the new church was completed, aud was dedicated on the 14th day of November in the same year. It is a brick structure, and one of the finest church edifices in the southern part of Illin- ois, and an ornament to the city of Chester. The congre- gation numbers at present 90 voting members and about 360 communicants, and possesses property worth about 815,000. The first pastor of the congregation was the Rev. S. Butter- mann. His successor was the Rev. M. Eirich, who had charge of the congregation from the year 1849 to the year 1866, when he resigned. Rev. Eirich's successor from 1866 to 1875 was Rev. M. Stephan. After Stephan had resigned the congregation extended a call to the present pastor, the Rev. J. A. F. W. Mueller, who was installed December 5, 1875. Prior to 1856, the pastor taught the church school, but in that year a teacher was employed. Nine teachers 252 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS have bad charge of this school for a louger or shorter time since its organization. The present teachers are H. Loh- meyer, (since 1877) for the second class, and G. Allmeyer. (since 187S) for the first. The number of scholars in both classes are about 120. The Evangelical Lutheran St. Peter's congregation, north of Randolph (Bremen P. O.) is the oldest in the southern i)art of the county. It was organized before 1845 by Germans, mainly from the former Kingdom of Hanover, Germany. Among its first members were Messrs Knop, Heitmann, Schierenbeck and Goehrs, etc. Some of them lived in Chester, where there was no Lutheran church at that time. Shortly after the organizatijn, the congregation built their first church, a small log building. The property then owned by the congregation was worth about §150. In 1857 a log house was erected to be used partly for a parson- age and partly for a school room. In 1862 a log building school was raised In 1875 the parsonage was renovated and enlarged at a cost of about S300. In 1863 the present brick church edifice was built for about |2,500. The pro- perty owned by the congregation at the present time is worth at least Sl.OOO. Though this congregation is one of the oldest, yet it is at the present time one of the smallest in the county, numbering 19 voting members and 68 communi- cants. It was, after its organization, for a number of yiars without a pastor, yet they assembled every Sunday for divine service. Mr. Dunsing, a German school teacher, read a ser mon, taught school for about four months, including the winter season. In the years 1856 and 1857 the Rev. C Tegtmeyer preached for the congregation. His successor to the year 1862 was the Rev. J. Dunsing. From August, 1862, to November, 1873, the Rev I- H. Doermann had charge thereof. From November, 1873, to October, 1878, the Rev. F. W. Pennekamp, and since January, 1879, the present pastor, the Rev. G. I. Mueller. From 1863 to 1875 H. Lohmeyer was teacher of the school, since that time the p-istor is also the teacher. The Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Congregation, northeast of Randolph (Bremen P. O.). Some of the immi- grants from the Northern part of Germany, who had settled in this part of the county, bought as eaily as the year 1848, ten acres of land, partly for the site of a church, partly for a graveyard and other purposes, and erected in the same year a small frame church thereon. The church property at that time was worth about $600. Though the Revs. Buttermann and Eirich from Chester had, from time to li me, preached to this people, the congregation w.as not properly organized before the year 1853, when Rev. Charles Tegtmeyer, who is the present minister, became pastor. About 16 members took part at the organization. At present the congregation counts 70 voting members and 235 communicants, and the school, which is taught by the pastor, numbers about 90 scholars. In 1857, a parsonage was built, and, in 1878, a schoolhouse, and at the same time one acre and a-half more land was bought. During the summer, 1882, a new brick church edifice was erected. The property owned, at the present time, by the congregation has a value of about fifteen thousand dollars. With this congregation a preaching place is connected, in the so-called Sternberg settlement, which owns a little church worth about 1500, and numbers about 38 communicants. The Evangelical Lutheran St. Paul Congregation at Wine Hill. Though the Rev. C. Tegtmeyer had, since 1853, preached to the people in the yicinity of what is now called Wine Hill, the proper organization of St. Paul's con- gregation was not eflvcted until the 28th of November, in the year 1860, by the Rev. M. Eirich, from Chester. 18 members participated in the organization, all from the for- mer Kingdom of Hanover, Germany. The first Deacons, elected on the day of organization, were Henry Ebers and Henry Brueggemann. After ten acres of land were bought by the congregation the first church was built thereon, in the year 1860. It is a frame building, which cost about $1,400. This church is yet in use. A new brick church edifice to cost not less than 810,000 is in prospect for 1883. In 1861 a small parsonage, and in 1864 a small schoolhouse, were erected. In 1874, a new frame parsonage was built at a cost of 31,600. In 1877 a new frame schoolhouse, cost about $800. lu 1880 the old parsonage was rebuilt and enlarged, and is now worth about $800. It is occupied by the teacher of the congregation. The congregation numbers 60 voting members and 275 communicants, and owns about $5,000 worth of property. • The first pastor who served this congregation, after its organization, was the Rev. M. E;rich, who preached only occasionally. His successor, from July 1861 to November 1863, was the Rev. H. Evers. From December, 1863, to May, 1873, the Rev. J. H Doermann was in charge, but did not reside within the congregation, but at Randolph, where he was at the same time pastor of the St. Peter's congregation. After the Rev. Doermann had resigned, the present pastor, the Rev. C F. Liebe, accepted the charge, in November, 1873. Six teachers have been connected with the school since its organization. The pres- ent teacher, Mr. Aug. Wilde has had charge of the school since, February 18711. It numbers at present time about 70 scholars. The Evangjlical Lutheran St. Peter's Congregation at Wine Hill, was formerly connectedwith the St. John's Congregation of Randolph, and the Rev. C. Tegtmeyer was. from 1853 to 1861, pastor of both congregations. In 1861 the St. Peter's congregation separated from St. John's, and extended a call to the Rev. J. F. Hornberger, which was accepted, and he was pastor of the congregation until 1876, when he resigned. The present pastor, the Rev. F. Weiss- gerber, has had charge of the congregation since 1878. This congregation numbers about 30 voting members and about 85 communicants ; it possesses a small frame church which was built in I860, a parsonage and a schoolhouse, besides several acres of real estate. Its property at present is worth about Sl,500. The school connected with the congregation is taught by the pastor. The Evangelical Lutheran St. Marous' Congregation, in Steelesville was organized on the 15th day of February, 1874, though the Rev. C. Tegtmeyer, from Randolph, preached for them before they were properly organized. Eight members, all from the northern part of Germany par- HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 253 ticipated in the organization, among whom wrre A. Bege- mann and F. Maasberg. At the present time the congre- gation numbers 18 voting members and fio rommunicants. It owns a frame church, which was built in 1875, for about $1,550, and was dedicated on the "iliih day of December, in the same year; also a paisonage and a schoolhouse, the whole property worlh at least two thousand dollars. After the Rev. C. Tfgtmeyer had resigned, the Rtv.C. F. Liebe had charge of the congrtgation from the ■24(h of May, 1874, to 1879. Aftf r the Rev. Litbe had rcs-igntd, the Rev. G. Erd- mann filled llie vacancy for several months. The present pastor, the Rev. E. G. Franck, was installed the 2l2nd day of May, 1879. Pie is the first jastor residing with the congregation. The school numbers about 20 scholars, and is taught by the pastor. So the Lutheran Church has, up to the ])resent time, in Randolph county ten congregations, ten church buildings, nine school houses, about two thousand communicants, and marly seven hundred scholars between the ages of seven and fourteen years under her training. Her church property has a value of over eighty-five thousand dollars. MOXKOE COINTY is at the present time represented by three Evangelical La- the run Congregations — all German. The Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of the Holy Cross, southeast of Waterloo and northwest of Burksville (Wartburg P. O.), was organized in 1841 by the Rev. G. A. iSchieferdecker, with nine members, among them Jacob Horn, J. C. Just, Sam. Koch, from the southern part of Germany ; and H. Johanning, from the northern part. Di- vine service had, for the first year, to be held in private houses. In 1M44, Mr. J. Horn donated to the congregation four acres of laud, situated about two miles south of Water- loo ; and in the same year a small frame church, at a cos, of about S300, was erected thereon. This church was dedi- cated on the 10th day of November, 1844. The Rev. Prof D. Walther, from St. Louis, Mo , preached the dedication sermon. On the 4th of Dec. 184(), the church was consumed by fire. Too poor to rebuild, the congregation again held its services in private houses. In the meantime it was resolved to build in a more central and more convenient locality. In 1848, Mr. J. C. Just granted the congregation, for this purpose, one acre and a-half of land, about two miles south of the former site, and in the same year they erected their second church, which was dedicattd on the 27th day of August, 1848. The Revs. C. Strasen and R. Lange preached on the occasion. This second church became too small, and in 18(53, a stone building, 48.\32 feet, was erected and dcdi. cated. The Rev. E A. Brauer preached the dedication ser- nion. This church erected, in 1874, a steeple 75 feet high. Besides the church, the congregation owns a parsonage, a school house, and a dwelling house for the teacher,— all brick buildings. The whole property of the congregation, at the present time, is worth at least 85,000. It numbers at present 43 voting members and 152 communicants. The pastors who have served this congregation are : Rev. G. A. Schie. ferdecker, from 1841 to 1849; Rev. C. H G. Schliepsick, from 1849 to 1850 ; Rev. J. G. Birkmann from the 26th of September, 1850, to his death, on the 28th December, 1865 ; Rev. C S Kleppisch, from the 24th of November, 1867, to August, 1871. The present pastor, Rev. J. Nachtigall, was installed on September 17th, 1871. Up to the year 1858 the pastors taught the school, but at that time a teacher was employed. The first teacher was Mr. L. Deftuer. The other teachers have been — Mr. F. R Bi.\, Mr. H. Johanning and Mr. H. Keller. Since October 1881, Mr. H. Johanning has again been teacher of the school. It counts 55 scholars. The Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of the Holy Cross, near Glasgow City (Renault P. O ) This congrega- tion was formerly connected with that of the Holy Cross (Wartburg P. O.). It was organized about the year 18.53 by the Rev. J. G. Birkmann, and known by the name : "Evangelical Lutheran Immanuels Congregation," and its first church stood about three miles south of Burksville. Rev. Mr. Birkmann served the congregation until his death in 1865. Then the Rev. C. S. Kleppisch took charge thereof, and after him the Rev. J. Nachtigall. The first church haviug become well worn, and most of the members of the congregation living in the vicinity of Glasgow City, about five acres of land were purchased near that i)lace in 1809 as the site of a new church. In the same year the congregation reorganized itself dropped its former, and adoj)ted its pre.seutname: "Evangelical Lutheran Con- gregation of the Holy Cro.ss." In 1880 a new church was erected on the lately purchased premises a frame building 28x40 feet, with a small steeple, was dedicated in the same year. The Rev. F. Erdmann preached in the German and the Rev. G. J. Goehringer in the English language, on the occasion. The following year a new frame par.sonage was built. In 1880 the congregation extended a call to the present pastor, the Rev. H Schaefer, who was installed on the 7th day of November, 1880. The congregation numbers at present 20 voting members, and 75 communicants. Its church property is worthabout 12,501). The school numberts 20 scholars, and is taught by the pastor. The Evangelical Lutheran St Paul's congregation in Columbia. This congregation, which numbers at present 24 voting members and about SO communicants, was or- ganized in the year 1849, by Rev. G A. Scliieferdecker. Of the mend)ers who took part in the organization only two, Jacob Beck and Henry Schmidt, Sen., are yet living. This congregation owns a brick church, which was built in 1855 and enlarged in 1870; a school-house built in 1870, and a two-acre graveyard. The whole property has a value of about two thousand dollars. The first pastor of the con- gregation was Rev. G. A. Schieferdecker ; his successor Rev. Rennicke. From the year 1855 up to the present time the Rev. F. W. Holls, from Millstadt, St. Clair County Illinois, has served the congregation. As the pastor of the congregation does not reside in their midst, it became neces. sary to employ a teacher fur the school. This was done as early as 1850. The first teacher was Mr. Held, who died soon ! his follower, Mr. Ben. Giinther, who took charge of the school in 185C, died also. The other teachers who had charge of the school successively were, O. Gerstenbach, F. Ber- 254 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. gesser, and S. Merz. The last naraed died in 1881, so that at the present time the congregation is without a teacher. The school numbers about seventy scholars. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. The history of the Mother Church of Randolph county is so closely interwoven with its secular history that an at- tempt to separate the two seems, at once, a task, both im- practicable as well as impossible, especially so, as far as the early part of the history is concerned. The parish records of Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher comprise volumes of themselves and have, for years past, been the basis of re- searches of the historian. Much credit is due to the Histori- cal Society of Chicago, who, thought Mr. Edward G. Mason, rearranged and rebound those old records, and whose re- searches are embodied iu papers read before that society on December 16th, 1879, and June 16th, 1880, which papers have been freely consulted in these pages. While the early records of the other parishes are greatly deficient, owing to the absence of resident pastors during the first few years of their organization, still, much valuable iniformation has been obtained from early settlers, yet living. Taking all these facts into consideration it is evident that we must con- fine ourselves to a brief sketch of each parish, referring the reader, who desires deeper researches, to special works on this subject, a list of which is appended : Father Meret'" Letters; Shea's History of Catholic Missions; Mason's Kaskaskia and its Parish Records ; Mason's Fort Chartres; Montague's History of Randolph county ; Reynolds' Pio- neer History of Illinois, and to the original records them- selves, most of which are among the archieves of the diocese of Alton, while others, are still in the possession of the par- ishes to which they belong. Kaskaiikia. — The earliest parish record of this congre- gation is the " Reyidrum pro anno 1696 " also a copy of the original mission records, entitled : ' Extrait des Registries de Bapteme de la Mission des Illinois sons le Hire de V Imma- culee Conception de la S V. " From Marest's letters we know that some Frenchmen intermarried with the Indians of this village and dwelt there, BO that the inhabitants of Kaskaskia were a mixed popula- tion of whites and Indians, under the sway of the priests of the Order of Jesus. Within the first twenty years from its foundation, Kaskaskia was a mission, simply, then a trading station, and soon a military post; features enough to justify the worthy priests to establish a parish to succeed their be- loved mission. It is curious to notice the difficulty the good fathers seemed to have found in writing the names of Indian women who appeared at these baptisms, as mothers and godmothers of the infants, as shown by their use of Greek characters for this purpose. We can imagine them stand- ing at the front listening to the many syllabled titles of pa- rents and sponsors, smoothly uttered in the Illinois tongue, and vainly trying to reproduce them, until in despair they have recourse to their classical learning for symbols or something akin to the new sounds. Gabriel Marest appears as parish priest about that time, (1700.) Previous to him, 1696 to 1700, we meet with the names of Fathers James Gravier and Julian Bineteau. la lV07, first appears the name of Father P. J. Mermet, who came to Kaskaskia, from the great village of the Peorias. From the next baptismal records, commenced June 18th, 1719, it appears that the old mission chapel was still in use, hut that a parish had been duly formed, and the first entry is a baptism performed by Father Le Bonllenger, the chap- lain of the French troops, giving evidence of the presence of soldiers there at that period. This priest was a learned man. He prepared a catechism in the Illinois tongue. After him we find the pastorate in charge of military chap- lains." We now find Kaskaskia no longer in the pastoral care of a missionary, or military chaplain, but having a regular parish priest. Father Nicholas Ignatius de Beaubois, who describes himself as "Cure de cttte Paroisse ", signalizes his accession by opening a.iiev/"Registre des Baptenies faits dans Veglise Parroissiale de la Conception de Ne Dame des Cascas- k-ias," which he commenced July 9Lh, 1720. And this, per- haps, indicates the time of the substitution of a parish church for the earlier mission chapel. The burial register from January 4th, 1721, to 1727, relates many sad scenes, which the infant settlement had sometimes to witness, i. e. that of the many Indian massacres, to which they were subjected. This register of deaths was kept by Father Beaubois. From this register we further learn that Fathers Marest and Mer- met, died at Kaskaskia, and found their last resting places under the church, to which their remains were transposed from the old chapel, on Dec. 18th, 1727. From this time to 1729, no records exist, save a marriage register, from 1724 to 1729, the books being probably de- stroyed. The next marriage record, a book of 220 pages, contains the marriages at Kaskaskia, from 1741 to 1835. It begins with R. Tartarin as Cure. In Sept. 1746, Father P. J. Watrin becomes Cure. His successor was Father An- bert, in 17.59. Father Menrin took charge of the parish, in 1764. He describes the parish as that of the Immaculate Conception of the holy virgin, village of Kaskaskia, county the Illinois, Province of Louisiana, Diocese of Quebec." '•The sturdy priest, Pierre Gibault, assumes the functions of Cure des Kaskaskia.s et Vicaire General des Illinois el la- marois in ^768, and his bold signature, with its unique flourish, greets us through these records for fifteen years or more. We should know that the man with such chirography, would have been just the one to render the efficient assist- ance given to George Rogers Clark, and must have belonged to the church militant. Reluctantly we see the last of the handwriting of this friend of the new republic, which is followed in 1785, by that of De Saint Pierre as Cure, and that of De la Valiniece, as Vicar-General ; and in their time English names appear among the laymen, noted in the records ; e. g. McNabb, Edgar, Morrison, etc. New French names also appear, among them the Menards. In 1793, Gabriel Richard takes up the record as parish priest. Later he was stationed at Detroit, and took a lead- ing part in the early history of Michigan, representing that territory in Congress, and was the only catholic priest who was ever a member of that body." HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS, 255 Next we meet (1806) the name of Father Donatien Olli- vier, noted for his great piety, who was succeeded by Father Francois Xavier Dahmen. Up to 1844, the time of the great tlood, nothing of importance may be gleaned from the records, save the enlargement of the old church, the evacu- ation of the convent by the sisters, during the flood. Out of the materials from the ruins of the convent, a priest's house had been erected. In the steeple of the church hangs the old bell, brought here from France, in 1742, which h.as, with measured tones, tolled three generations to their graves. Rev. Becker, D.D., is at present parish priest of the "Island of Kaskaskia." The long feared junction of the Mississippi and Kaskaskia rivers, has been made north of the town, and the next tlood will spare nothing of the ancient village, save its old parish records." Prairie du Rocher. — The first church building at this place was erected in 1734 It was constructed in the French style of architecture, by driving cedar posts in the ground and filling the space between with stone and mortar. This building stood about 130 years. The early church history of Prairie du Rocher affords but little of importance Mason tells us that the old records of St. Anne of New Chartres were transferred to this place, and in the burial register we find an account of the removal of the bodies of Fathers Gagnon and Collet, priests of .St. Anne of New Chartres, from the ruined cemetery near that church on the point of the river, and their burial in the chapel of St. Joseph, at Prairie du Rocher. In 1860 the erection of a commodious brick church was commenced, which has since been again enlarged by the addition of a sanctuary and a steeple. The congregation numbers 2.50 families, mostly of French descent. Rev. C. Krewet is at present parish priest. St. Patrick's Church, near Runia, Randolph county (O'Hara Settlement). This thrifty congregation dates its origin back to the year 1820. It was the first English- speaking Catholic congregation organized in the county, and among the first of the slate. During the years 1820-1, Rev. Demonlin, who resided at Kaskaskia, came to this vicinity on horseback and said mass at the house of Henry O'Hara about once a month. This priest, as well as his two succes- sors, might well be termed ' itinerant priests," since they attended several congregations and were continually travel- ling from one settlement to another. Father Brassac succeeded Father Demonlin, but little is known of him. R^v. Dr. Coeline, an Italian, was his successor. He was equally famous as a physician and priest. When Henry O'Hara died- (June 2(Jth, 1826), he bequeathed 100 acres of fine land, in the N. W. quarter of section .5, township 5-8, for church purposes, and his oldest son, James, as his executor, deeded the same tract to the church, after the congregation had erected thereon a log church (1827). This primitive house of worship was 30 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 14 feet high. On the N. VV. en, and from Lane Seminary, 1837. lie was one of the original founders of the Boston Rtview. He is the author of several works, among them the " Life of Christ," and journal of travel. Rev. Cyrus C Riggs, a Pennsylvanian, graduated from Allegheny Seminary. After leaving Chester, he became President of Richmond College, Jefferson county, Ohio, and subsequently took charge of a Female Seminary, at Beaver, Penn'a. Rev. A. J. Clark, was a native of Champaign county, Ohio. Graduated from Delaware College, in 1859. He accomplished much during his slay with the congregation at Chester, in behalf of the Master's cause. 253 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Rev. D L. Gear, was a Congregational ist in faith. He served the congregation faithfully, and in 1880, went to Nokomis, where he died. Rev. O. G. Morton, a native of Ttnnessee, is a young man of decided ability. He was educated in Southern University, Greensboro, Alabama, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, from which institution he graduated. May, 1881. The following September, he was called to the charge of the Chester church, and in May, 1882, he was regularly ordained and installed, as pastor. He is a fluent speaker, a genial geulle- nian, and under his charge the cause is prospering. There is at present a membership of fifty-eight persons. Sunday School attendance about 100. Liberty, now Rockwood Church, is on the Mississippi river, in the southwest corner of Randolph county. It was organized at the house of Dr. James C. Junk, by Rev. Cyrus C Riggs, March 9th, 1843, with twenty-nine mem- bers. The following ministers have served here: Cyrus C Riggs, B. F. Spilmiin, Alex. Brown, A. A. Morrison, B. H. Charles, A. R. Naylor, John C Wagaman, Alfred Wright. James S. Davis. In a revival, in 1862, twenty-nine persons were received ; in another, in the winter of 1876, twenty-eight were added. The name of the church was changed from Liberty, to Rockwood, Feb. 16th, 1865, to correspond with the name of the village, as changed by the Legislature. This con- gregation met in private houses, or in the school-house, until the dedication of the present house of worship, which took. place late in the fall of 1864. This house is of brick, and cost SI 950. The site is on two lots, which cost thirty dollars. Georgetown, now Steele's Mills church, was organized by a committee of the Kaskaskia Presbytery, January 22d, 1859, with eleven members. James Brown sr., elder, John Mathews, Wm. H. Templeton, A. J. Clark, J. W. Cecil, and James S. Davis, have officiated as pastor.^. The name of the church was changed from Georgetown, to Steele's Mill's, in April, 1875. The organization took place in the old Baptist house, which stood on the site of their present edifice. Services were held mostly in the old Baptist church, but sometimes in a store-house, on the Alma side of the town, and occasionally at the railroad depot. The site for the present, and only edifice owned by the con- gregation, was given by Mr. and Mrs. \V. F. Stinder. The building was erected in 1875, and cost 15000. The corner- stone was laid, July 17th, 1875, and the edifice was com- pleted in December, following. Since 1878, services have not been regularly held. SPARTA. Jordan's grove or Baldwin church, Was organized at Sparta, July 24th, 184.3, by Rev. Cyrus Riggs. First elders : H. M. Livingston, and Temperance McCormick. Ministers ; Cyrus Riggs, to April, 1845 : B. F. Spilman, from February, 1846, to September, 1851 : B Lefler, one year : C. D. Martin, W. R. Sim, 18.58—60: Martin B. Gregg, August, 1872, until his death, August 31st, 1873 : James Scott Davis, January, 1874, to June, 1875: M M. Cooper, September, 1876, to August, 1877. The name was changed from Sparta to Jordan's Grove, April 12th, 1851. It was again changed to Baldwin, after the church building was moved to that village. While worshiping in Sparta, this church had no edifice of its own. Its meetings were not long held in that village, but in the country, some five miles distant, northeast, where a house of worship was erected, costing about a thousand dollars. This house was removed to Baldwin, on the narrow gauge railroad, in the fall of 1872, when it was repaired and refurnished. Dedicated, June 1st, 1873. The congregation is now in a languishing state. The Church of Sparta, was organized June 5th, 1869, with sixty-three members. Rev. John Hood, was their first minister. He was dismissed, June 30th, 1878. He was a native of this state, having been born in Washington county. He was educated in Indiana State University, from which institution he graduated, in 1862. Served as Lieutenant and Captain, in the 80th Illinois Regiment. In October, 1865, he commenc;d the study of theology, in the Reformed Presbyterian Seminary, at Allegheny City, Penn'a., and was licensed, 1869. His eight years' pastnrate was marked with great success. His successor was Rev. John \^'. Bailey, now President of Blackburn University, Carlinville, Illinois. The last pastor was Rev. Green, a young man of extraordi- nary abilities, a master of oratory, a fine logician as well. He has recently accepted a call from Chicago, which leaves a vacancy in the pulpit of this church. This is, next to Paris, Edgar Co., the largest organization in the state, hav- ing a membership of over three hundred. The church edifice, a handsome brick building, was erected in 1870, at a cost of S9000. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. BY E, P. TRABUE. The earliest recorded preaching in Randolph county, by a minister of this denomination, dates back to 1844, when Elder Harmon Husband, from Somerset county, Pennsyl- vania, began his labors in the "Garden of the West," as Randolph county was then called. He labored in diflferent localities in the county, and his labors were crowned with a measure of success. In 1868 his followers at Mill Creek organized themselves into a society, and met for worship in the school-house. The Revs. Dr. Mulkey, Hus- band, Combs, Thornberry, Bryan, J. T. Baker and John A. Williams have preached for them. In the year 1872 a society was organized at Baldwin, and a plain substantial frame house of worship was erected. The congregation, which no longer meets for services, has sat under the ministry of Revs. David Husband, Marion Combs, J. L. Thornberry, James Bryan, J. T. Baker and John A. Williams. The Rockwood congregation was organized in the year 1867, by M. Linn and H. D. Bantan, and in 1874 a good frame church building was erected, in which they at first met regularly, but, like the congregation at Baldwin, they have since abandoned their place of worship. They have HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 259 received the services of Rev. Dr. Mulkey and Rev. M. Combs. The membership of the Christian Church in the county numbers about 200 persons, and the entire value of its property does not exceed S2,000. ST. MARK'S PARISH. BY REV. THOMAS H. GORDON. The only parish of the Protestant Episcopal church in Ran- dolph county is St. Mark's. Chester, so that an account of its origin and growth will be the history of the church in the county. Its history has been marked by so few events in its outward life suitable for a public record, that this sketch will be simplv a brief narration of facts. Thi.s parish was founded by the Rev. William Mitchtll.M.D ,asa missionary, who came frotii the Atlantic states under the auspices of the Board of Do- mestic Missions, and began his work here under the spiritual jurisdiction of the Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, D. D. Mr. Mit- chell entered upon his duties April 14, 1848, and on Sunday, April IB, held church services in the court house at Kas- kaskia. On the following Sunday a public school-house in Chester was used for the same purpose, and at both these places the sacrament of holy baptism was administered. These were the first public services held in Randolph county by a priest of the Protestant F]piscopal church. Services were continued by Mr. Mitchell at Kaskaskia for some time, and occasional services were held at other points^ but the only place in which they seemed to bear any visible and permanent fruit was Chester. Upon his arrival in this town Mr. Mitchell found but three male members of the church, whose names we put on record. They were P. Haskins, Richard B. Servant and William C Marlen. On the Gth of May, 1S43, a meeting was held in Chester of those interested in the church, and a parish was organized by the election of wardens and vestrymen, the adoption of the name, St. Mark's parish, and the election of a delegate to the Diocesan Convention to be held in the following month at Quincy, Adams county, Illinois. The officers of the or- ganization were : Wm. P. Haskins, Senior Warden ; Richard B. Servant, Junior Warden ; Wm. C. Marlen, Jas. H.Jones, E. J. Whituey, J. M Bair, Vestrymen. At the Diocesan Convention held at (Quincy June 5, 1843, St. Mark's Parish, Cnester, was admitted into union with the convention and became a part of the church in the dio- cese and in the United States. The first Episcopal visitation of the parish was made on the Uth of the following month by the Rl. Rev. Philander Chase, D. D., who administered the rite of confirmation to eighteen persons These were the first fruits of the mis- sionary's labors in Chester. From this time onward, amid many difiiculties and discouragemenU. the parish continued to increase; but the congregation having no church building, were under the necessity of meeting for worship in the public school-house. The lack of a house of worship was felt to be a great hindrance to the progress of the parish, and at length, on April 1, 1849, the corner-stone of the present church was laid with appropriate ceremonies, by Bishop Chase. Five years passed before the building was finished, so great an undertaking was it for the small number of pa- rishioners, even when assisted by kind friends in the Atlantic states But the rector aud his flock triumphed over all difficulties, and on May "28, 18.54, the church was dedicated. The Rev. Mr. Mitchell was rector of the parish for a quarter of a century, resigning his charge in 1868. During his min- istry at Chester he baptized 216 persons, presented 90 can- didates for confirmation, solen:nized 42 marriages and committed 88 bodies to the grave. Such is the brief record of twenty-five years of ministerial life. The history of the church in Chester is chiefly a history of Mr. Mitchell's labors in the Gospel, so that little can be said of it without mention of his name. Mr. Mitchell's successors in the charge of this parish have been the Rev. R. Trewartha, from May 1, 1868, to May 1, 1870 : Rev. R. Ryall, from March 12, 1871, to December 14. 1875; Rev. J. T. Adderly, September 21, 1876, to March 1, 1877 ; Rev. A. E. Wells, February 23, 1878, to April 9, 1882, and Rev. Thos. II. Gordon, from May 7, 1882 St. Mark's church has thus been ministered to by six clergymen during its forty years of existence. In that period 396 persons have beeu baptized, 133 received the rite of confirmation, 75 marriages have been solemnized and 161 bodies buried by the ministers of this church. This parish has been under the spiritual jurisdiction of four bishops. This sketch may well be concluded with statistics taken from the report of St. Mark's parish to the fifth annual Synod of the Diocese of Springfield, May, 1882 : Number of families in parish as entered upon register, 30; souls, 177; communicants, 52 ; Sunday-school scholars, 95. FREEWILL BAPTIST CHURCH. RANDOLPH AND PERRY COUNTIES. EV REV. G. A. GORDON'. The founder of this Christian denomination was the Rev. Henry Smith Gordon, a native of Pennsylvania, who emigrated with his father's family to Missouri, and settled near St. Louis, when a mere boy. In the year 1836, at the age of twentv, he removed to Randolph county, and united with the Missionary Baptist Church, at Georgetown, now Steelesville. Shortly afterward he entered the ministry and acted with that church as missionary, organizer and pastor until I'^ol, in the mean time attendiug Shurtlifl' College at Alton. In the year 1850, while yet acting with the old cluirch he organized a congregation, whose members en- dorsed the doctrine of free and open communion, thus lay- ing the corner-stone upon which the liberal Baptists of southern Illinois, have continued to build. In 1851, he was tried for heresy, by a court of ministers, and excluded from the church. 'The greater part of the old congregation be- came dissatisfied, and a meeting was held at the residence of John P. Short, for the purpose of organizing a new church. Rev. R- A. Bradley, of Jackson county, was chosen moderator, and John McLaughlin, clerk. The meeting was addressed by Rev. Gordon, Dr. Lawrence, Rev. John Mathews and E. Lofton, Esq., and resulted in the organiza- tion of a church with twenty members, all formerly belong- 260 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY' COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. ing to the old church. Thus was formed the first Freewill Baptist church in Randolph county. Mr. Gordon was elected pastor, and continued to serve the church in that capacity for fifteen years. During the following summer the church received an accession of twenty-five members. The congregation proceeded to build a new church house which was completed in three mouths. This society was known as the Free Communion Baptist. Among its first members were John T. Short, H. S. Gordon, Milton Mc- Kinzie, W. VV. Higgerson, George Steele, John Guyman, P. Higgerson, George Bowerman, Elizabeth Short, Nancy Gordon, sr. and jr., Nancy Steele, Clarinda Garner and a number of others. Shortly after. Rev. Gordon organized Pleasant Ridge church, about two miles above Rockwood, on the Mississippi river. Among its first members were Robert Moore, Joseph Robertson, John Wood and others. This church is still in active existence, under the pastoral charge of Rev. W. R. Wilson, and numbers sixty members. Next in order, was instituted a church at Denmark, in the southwestern part of Perry county, known as Pipestone church. Judge E. T. Reese, Ambrose Bradley and others were among its first members. It also is at present in a flourish- ing condition, numbering about forty-six members. Four ministers, viz , H. S. Gordon, R. A. Bradley, Isaac Hale and Wtlliam Bradley have served it in the capacity of pas- tor. October 31, 18.!)1, a convention met at Steelesville, then Georgetiwn, to organize these churches inloan associa- tion. The delegates to this convention were H. S Gordon, John S. Short, F. Garner, R. A. Bradley, David Under- wood, William Bradley, Robert Moore, Joseph Robinson, E. P. Reese and J. A. Bradley. The organization formed was known as the Southern Illinois Association of Free Communion Baptists. In the year 1854, it learned of the existence of a body of Christians in Indiana, holding sub- stantially the same views, known as (Jeneral Baptists, and in 1856, the new organization adopted that name. In 1866, G. A. Gordon, J. C.-Gilliland and A. Pearson were added to the list of ministers. In the fall of 1872, the Georgetown church was moved to Percy. Sometime in 1874, the Rev. J. C. Gilliland organized Bethany church, two miles nor heast of Tamaroa, in Perry county. In 1876 our churches were called together in convention at Campbell Hill, to consider the advisability of consolidating with the Freewill Baptists. After much deliberation, that step was taken and their name adopted. In 1879, Rev. V. B. Sutter organized Antioch church, located about one mile west of Tamaroa. And in 1880, Rev. H. S. Gordon and V. B. Sut- ter constituted Salem church, situated about six miles north of Pinckneyville, in Perry county. The six churches of this deuomiuation, with one exception, all own good com- fortable church liouses, and have an aggregate membership of two hundred and thirty communicants. Thus have I recorded unembellished, the principal facts of the origin and history of the Freewill Baptist church of Randolph and Perry counties. GERMAN M. E. CHURCH. BY REV. P. COLONIUS. The first pastor was Henry Hartmann, who organized the church at Red Bud, known as the " Monroe Mission." In 1842 the first church was built about two and one-half miles northwest of Red Bud, in Monroe county, and received the name, Wesley Chapel. The first quarterly meeting was held Nov 22, 1846. In 1864 the new brick building, 60x 48, was built in the town (now city) of Red Bud, at a cost of about $4,500 ; also, a comfortable parsonage was bought at a cost of 11200. Thid was accomplished under the pas- toral labor of Philip Merkel. The first school was organized in 1864. Its first minutes report one superintendent, five teachers and fifceen scholars ; and at present it numbers a superintendent, fifteen teachers and one hundred scholars. Peter Colon ius is the present pastor. The following is a list of presiding elders and pastors who have served the church : Henry Hardtraann, Charles Koeneke Cammermeyer, Wm. Kaverraester, Theo. Kark, mann, Geo. Boeshenz, Christian Hoech, Franz Horstmann, Henry Schmidt, Jacob Mueller, Thomas Heyer, William Meyer, Rudolph Havrighorst, Henry Schultze, Phillip Merkel, John Feisel, Charles Rodenberg, Henry Balche, Wm. Schuetz, G. E. Keller, Phillip Skaer and Peter Colonius, the present pastor. The church at Chester was organized in 1848 under the pastoral labor of Geo. Boeshenz, and in 1850 the first church house was built in connection with the English Methodist Church. In 1873 the building now occupied by this con- gregation was purchased for $3,000. They organized the first Sunday School in 1851. They have a membership of 105. The Randolph and Steelesville congregations, belonging to the Chester Circuit, were organized about the same time as the circuit, and in 1882 a new church was built at Ran- dolph, under the pastoral labor of P. W. Jacoby, the present pastor, at a cost of 82,500. The church at Ellis Grove was organized in 1846 by Len- hard Hardnagel, a local preacher from Red Bud, and the first meetings were held at the residence of John George Schoepples. The first church house was built in 1848, under the pastoral labor of George Boeshenz ; the present one was built in 1868, under the pastoral labor of C Stueckemann, at a cost of about $2,000. The congregation also have a parsonage valued at $800. The present pastor is T. M. Buch- holtz. The first Sunday School was organized in 1854, and at present it numbers 10 teachers and 55 scholars. It should be observed that the sketch of the German Methodist Churches of Randolph county brings their history down to a period in November, 1882 ; and founded as it is upon data derived from the several records, it is hoped it may be found to be a faithful account of its origin, develop- ment and progress. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 261 MONROE COUNTY. CONCORD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. BY JOHN C. BLAIR. The Reformed Presbyterian (Ihurch was constituted iu America during the year 1774, by Rev. Messrs. John Cuih- berson, Matthew Lin and Alexander Dobbin (with ruling elders). She traces her history from the period between 1638-1649, and adiieres to the doctrines held by the Church of Scotland, as protesters against Popery, Prelacy and Erastianism supported by other Presbyterians of that age. In 1806 they (the Reformed Presbyterians) adopted their present Standards and Testimony. One of her laws excluded slaveholders from her communion, and her ministers preached in favor of the abolition of slavery in the United States. The Concord congregation of the Reformed Presbyterian Church was organized Nov. 9, 1842, and the following named persons (heads of families) made a call on Rev. M. Harshaw, of Pennsylvania, to be their pastor: Tliomas Blair and John Richmond, Tuling elders; Matthew Rich- mond, John Cunningham, M. J. Cunningham, Robert Cun- ningham, Andrew Cooper, George Campbell, Matthew McClure, David McClure, William McClure, Samuel McClure, John McClure, Thomas McClure, James McMil- lan, Milton McMillan, Matthew McMillan, William Camp- bell, Matthew Munford, Hugh Cooper and James Cunning- ham. The call was accepted, and Rev. Harshaw was installed as pastor, remaining in charge until 1870, during which time he gathered together a large and influential congregation. Rev. Harshaw was born in county Armagh, Ireland, in 1807 ; crossed to America in 1826 ; attended the Western University, at or near Pittsburgh ; graduated with honor in 1838, pursued his theological course under Dr. Black and was licensed to preach in 1840 by the Pittsburgh Presbytery of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Mr. Harshaw wa-s a thorough Biblical scholar, and his mind was well stored with useful knowledge. In 1870 he and part of his congregation connected themselves with the United Pres- byterian Church, and he remained in it until his death, Aug. 11, 1874. During seven years the Concord congregation was without a pastor, and at intervals had preaching from a number of ministers — Revs. Samuel AVylie, D. D., LL.D., Eden, 111. ; David Steele, D. D., Philadelphia; J. F. Morton, D. D., Ohio ; S. M. Ramsey, Chicago ; Matthew and William Gailey, Philadelphia, and Mr. David Murdock, Ohio Mr. Alexander Raulstone (licentiate) was sent to the congrega- tion Tor the spring and summer of 1877. In May, 1878, he was ordained and installed pastor. After nearly four years, on account of ill health, he resigned his charge and removed to St. John's, N.B.,a more congenial climate, taking charge of a congregation there. The membership of the Concord congregation now num- bers 110, with 6 ruling elders. During Rev. Harshaw's pastorate the membership numbered about 160. The fol- lowing are the names of the ruling elders ordained since its organization : D. S. McClure, Milton JIcMillan, James McMillan, Hugh Cooper, Henry Irvine, David Stevenson, W. R. Blair, John S. Faris, J. C. Blair, Riley McClure, A. Y. Richmond and John B. Gordon, M. D. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. We have been disappointed greatly in our efforts to gather sufficient materials to enable us to give a full history of the rise and progress, in this county of this organization. For many years before Illinois was admitted into the sis- terhood of States, Methodist ministers were here, holding meetings in the pioneer cabins, forming societies, defending the frontier, and actively engaged in giving moral and re- ligious tone to society. The history of Methodism in Illinois begins in Monroe and Randolph counties. Th efirst minister of this faith, who came to Illinois was the Rev. Joseph Lil- lard ; he established the first church in Illinois, at New De- sign, in Monroe county, in 1793. He had been a circuit- rider in Kentucky, iu 1790. In this society Rev. Lillard appointed Captain Joseph Ogle, class leader. Rev. Lillard was a pious, energetic man, whose labors sowed the first seeds of Methodism in this State. The next prominent preacher was Hosea Rigg, who ar- rived in Illinois in 1796, and remained preaching in this county until his death, in 1841, at his residence a few miles east of Belleville, in St. Clair county. Rev. Benjamin Y'^oung, who was sent here by the " Western Annual Confer- ence," in the year 1804, was tha first circuit-rider in Illinois. His father resided in Randolph county. Rev. Thomas Harrison, came in 1804; Dr. Joseph Oglesby, in 1805; Rev. Charles R. Matheny, in 1806. Rev. Jesse Walker and Bishop McKendree were among the earliest preachers in Il- linois, all of whom held services within the limits of Monroe county. The earliest meetings were held in the rude cabins of the pioneers, and it was not uutil several years after the first preachers arrived, that the societies were large enough to build churches. The old block-houses or forts, were also used for divine worship, and in them many of the earliest so- cieties date their organization. The first services of this de- nomination in Waterloo, were held in the old Court-house, early in the present century. The society grew, and in 1828, a house of worship was erected. For several years the church had a membership of over one hundred, and grew, and was prosperous. Many of the American families have moved from this section of the State, and their places have been filled by foreigners, who are mostly members of other denominations, and the Methodist church, at this writing, is not very strong in Monroe county. At Waterloo they have a church valued at two thousand dollar.'*, and a i)arsonage worth eight hundred dollars, and church property at Colum- bia valued at fifteen hundred dollars. Several societies have been organizid at various times, and flourished for a short period, but finally ceased to be operative. The county is now included into a circuit, all churches being supplied alternately by the pastor in charge. It is known as the Waterloo circuit. 262 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH. BY REV. F. HOLKE. St. Paul's Church. — This church is at Waterloo, and dates its origin back to the year A. d. 1846. Of the small number of German families that had then settled in and about Waterloo, Rev. W. Binner organized an evangelical congregation, which assembled for services at the court house. The first confirmation was celebrated in an English church. The feeling of being homeless evoked in the con- gregation the desire of having a house of worship of their own, and the little flock accordingly built a small edifice. This neat brick church was dedicated on the 28th of No- vember, 1847. But twelve families were then actually members. The Revs. Baltzer, Wall, Binner and Knauss, who are now dead, oflSciated at the dedication. A year after dedication Rev. Binner was compelled by sickness to leave the congregation. He installed Dr. G. Steinert, recently from Germany, as his successor. In 1850 a par- sonage and school-house were built. The church attend- ance increasing a more commodious church, 70x40 feet, with galleries and a steeple with large bell was built in LS-j.J-oG. It was dedicated on the 21st day of September, 18.36, Rev. A. Baltzer, assisted by Revs. Binner, Wall, Knauss, Peters, and pastor luci officiating. Dr. Steinert labored faithfully and diligently in church and school, and succeeded in build- ing up a large congregation. When the public school-house was built, the parochial school was closed, and remained so for several years. In 1874 the old steeple was removed, and a more massive spire built up from the ground to the height of 125 feet. Two new bells were placed in it at once, and a third one was added in 1880. Soon after the accomplish- ment of this improvement Dr. Steinert, after having labored with great energy and perseverance for 26 years, tendered his resignation, preached his farewell sermon on the 27th day of September, 1875, and installed as his successor the present pastor, Rev. Father Holke, then at Summerfield, 111. Father Steinert died on the 16th day of April, 1876. The ministrations of the present pastor. Rev. F. Holke, have been blessed with success. He established a good parochial school, secured for its work the services of Mr. J. F. Riemeier, who fills his position to universal satisfaction. In 1877 a new pipe organ, valued at 11,000, was ac(iuired. The interior of the church has been improved, a new par- sonage, a two-story brick, built close by the church. The congregation numbers now 120 active members (families). Three of the founders, H. Pinkel, J. Koechel and J. Olden- dorph, are yet very active members. St. Paul's Church at Columbia. — Rev. Dr. Steinert, during his ministration at Waterloo, preached occasionally to a few German families at Columbia. In 1857 a congre- gation was organized, and as they were not able to support their own minister, Father Steinert served them seven years. In 1861 Rev. M. Fotrich took charge of the church, but left after two years and several months labor. Rev. Klingsohr, an independent minister, was then elected pastor. His labors were unsuccessful, and he left. The people then applied to Father Steinert to procure them a good minister. This he did in the person of Rev. E. Otto, a pastor that served four- j'ears with good success, after which he was elected professor of the theological seminary at Marthasville, Mo. Rev. L. Reymann was his successor two years, and then he was also elected professor. After that Rev. Jul. Hoffmann served two years, and Rev. C. Kantz was his successor for five years, until 1880, when Rev. J. Hoffman, who is now pastor, was called the second time. There are at present 44 families in membership. The property consists of a church, parsonage and school house. Salem Church. — This church is in Bluff Precinct, and has been in existence since 1844. It was organized by Rev. G. Ries, but never had its oivn minister. Until 1875 it was a second church to Waterloo ; since that time it is in connec- tion with the St. John's church at Maeystown. It numbers 42 members (families). Five of the founders — Peter Voelker, John Mueller, Jac. Schleramer, Philip Hofl'man aud Christ. Schaefer — are yet actual members. St John'.i Church. — The origin of this church dates back to the year 1858. Rev. Bergmann gathered a few families at tlie residence of Mr. W. Feldmeyer, near Maeystown. In 1859 the congregation, numbering but very few members, erected a log church at Maeystown. Some difficulty among the members caused Rev Bergmann to withdraw his service. Rev. Louis Haeberle, stationed near Burksville, was called to reorganize the congregation. This was done, and from that time its growth was such that in 1865 a larger church was required. This church, a stone building, was finished and dedicated in '66. In the following year a parsonage at the cost of 81700 was built. Rev. F Ra.sche was the first stationed pastor at Maeystown. He served 4 years. Rev. F. Streit was his successor from 1871 to 1875. Rev. J. Baehr served two years. The present pastor, Rev. E J. Hosto, was installed in spring of 1876. His ministrations are blessed with great success, so that the congregation at Maeystown to-day is among the best in the county. It has 57 members. St. Mark's Church. — This church is in Prairie du Round, and is the oldest German evangelical church in the county. A congregation was organized in January, 1840, but it prospered very slowly. The first church, a log building, was erected in 18)5, and dedicated April 221, 1846. The religious interest that was shown by the members was very feeble, so the change of ministers was frequent. No less than ten pastors served in this church in 36 years, including long vacancies. Under such circumstances prosperity was impossible. The present pastor, Rev. Aug. Jannrieh, a faithful and diligentgeutleman, has been laboring with good success since 1876 In 1877 a brick parsoLSge was erected. The church attendance is better than ever before. 32 members have joined the congregation. The Immanuel's Church. — This is a second church to the St Mark's at Prairie du Round. It was organized by Rev. F. Erdmanu in 1857. From 1863 to 1876 it was vacant. In August, 1876, Rev. Aug. Jennrich took up the work, and since that time the congregation prospers, so that a church will be built soon. The services are held in a public school-house. There are 25 families in membership. Zoar Church.— In the year 1844 German ministers were HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 263 rare in this country, and the German christians lived scat- tered without churches. Rev. Conrad Riess, stationed at Centreville, St. Clair county, 111., came over to Xew Hanover to look after the religious interest of the Germans at that place. He found a number of families that were happy to see a minister in the new country. A congregation was organized and soon a log church and parsonage were built. Many ditficultiis, however, came in the way and the change of ministers was frequent. The successors to Rev. Riess were: Revs. Ch. Schrenk, R. Boeticher, N. Werth, F. Delveau, J. Seyboldt, W. Wahl and George Maul. The last named gentlemau has been in charge of the church since spring, 187G. In 186.") a new etouo church, and in 1>S70 a new brick parsonage were built. The membership numbers 50. Zion's Chtircli. — The German evangelical Christians in and about Burksville, fur a long time, traveled from « to 1 2 miles to attend church at Waterloo. In 1860 they thought themselves strong enough to build their own church and have their own minister. By mediation of Father Steinert Rev. Louis Haeberle was sent to organize a congregation. This was done in October, 1860. A church and parsonage were soon built, and by the faithful labor of the pastor the congregation prospered, but after three years Rev. Haeberle was elected pastor of St. John's church at St. Louis. Rev. F A. Umbeck was his successor for one year, then he was drafted and served for several years as chaplain in the Union army. The congregation had the misfortune of a frequent change of ministers, and prospered but slow. The present pastor, Rev. H. Schmidt, has had charge of the church since August, 1880. The membership at present numbers 40. iS<. Paul's Church. — About 1879 the English Methodist people at Harrisonville built a neat frame church, but as they were so few they sold their church to the Germans, and in the spring of 1882, a German evangelical congrega- tion was organized by Rev. E. J. Hosto from Maeystowu. About 40 members joined. Messrs. Peter Ptlaesterer, Ily. Niebruege, Gottfr Haltenhotf and William Stechmesser are the first elected trustees. A niini.'ter was stationed there in the last da3's of Noveinl)er, 1>^X'2. BAPTIST CHURCH. BY REV. A. WISWELL. Ever since the Church and State were first united, the Baptists have suffered much persecution on account of their loyalty to soul liberty. Bancroft, the historian, speaking of the German Baptists, says: " With greater consistency than Luther, they applied the doctrines of the Reformation to the social positions of life, and threatened an end of priest- craft and king-craft, spiritual domination, title and vassal- age. They were trodden under foot with foul reproaches and most arrogant .scorn, and their history is written in the blood of thousands of the German peasantry ; but their principles, secure in their immortality, escaped with Roger Williams to Providence, — his colony is witness that, natu- rally, the paths of the Baptists are paths of freedom, pleas- antness and peace" Mr. Locke has truly said: "The Baptists were, from the beginning, the friends of liberty — just and true liberty — equal and impartial liberty." Yet, until the (Quakers arose in 1060, the Baptists stood alone in its defense. A writer for the New American Cyclopedia says : " Among the Baptists, Christian freedom found its earliest, its staunchest, its most consistent and its most dis- interested champions. Nor less powerful has been the influ- ence of the Baptists in the United States. Introduced into Rhode Island with Roger Williams and John Cook in 1638, their history for more than a century in most of the colonies is that of proscribed and banished men. In its code of law established by them in Rhode Island, Judge Story says: — " We read, for the first time since Christianity ascended the throne of the Cxsars, the declaration that conscience should be free, and men should not be punished for worshipping God in the way they were persuaded He requires." The Amendment to the Americiin Constitution made in 1780, was introduced into it by the united efforts of the Baptists. The spirit of liberty infused by the Revolutionary war was fol- lowed by the rapid spread and growth of Baptist principles. In fact, their great prosperity dates from that era. The First Protestant Church in Illinois, a Baptist Church. — On the 29lh of February, 170.5, nearly a quarter of a century prior to the admission of the State of Illinois into the Union, Elder David Badgly organized a Baptist church of twenty-eight members at New Design, thus being the first Protestant organized church within the boundaries of the State. The State now contains nearly one thousand churches, about seven hundred ministers, and upwards of sixty-eight thousand members CATHOLIC CHURCH. BY REV. J. ECKERLE. Tiptown. — This part of the county commenced to be set- tled in 184(i by Irish Catholics. Patrick Lynch, David Donahoe and Tim Duggan were the first pioneers that called many a friend from St. Louis and Ireland to their new home, to help them to clear the forests and to cultivate the fertile land. About 18.53 Tiptown was a prosperous Irish settlement. Before 1i()4, on the 7th of April, he laid the corner-stone of the present st<>0 and 81800, was built, but never wholly paid for. It burned in 1881, and since then no attempt has been made to keep the church alive. There is no present probability of a re- organization, al'.hough Rev. William C. Smith is on the ground. The First Presbyterian church of New Du Quoin was or- ganized by Rev. Joseph Gordon (^recently deceased), Sept. H, 1856. Alvah I. Sprague, Mary Sprague, Harriet E. Keyes, Edwin N. Smith, Sarah Smith, Lucius B. Skinner, Geo. S. Smith, Juliana Smith, Jane Smith and James Hunt were the first members. With one or two exceptions, they had belonged to the Old Du Quion church. Geo. S. Smith, the senior mem ber of the firm of G. S, Smith & Co., merchants and bankers, was the first elder. Since that time the elders have been Lewis Dyer (late surgeon U. S. Vols.), Moses H. Ross, Russel Tuthill, George M. Hinckley, Reuben Berry and Wra. H- Holmes. The present session are: Geo. S. Smith and Geo. JI. Hinckley. Tne first pastor was Rev. S. Post, now of Chicago. Since then the following have ministered at the times indicated : Rev. Thomas Lippinott, Nov. 1, 18G1_ to May l,48ij2; Yates Hiokey, June 1, 1862, to August 1, 1862 ;' James Slatlord, August 1, 18 \2, to April 1, 1864 ; J- Jerome Ward, April, 1864, to April, 186-5 ; Joseph D. Barston, Nov. 26, 1865, to Nov. 26, 1867 ; Josiah Wood, Nov. 1867, to Miy, 1868; Peter S. Van Nest, D. D., May 1, 1868, to July 23, 1871 ; Edward F. Fish, Nov. 30, 1871, to Nov. 20, 1878; Charles T. Phillips, Dec. 1, 1878, to the present (Nov. 1882). The property of church consists of a frame church, valued at (with contents i 8200 1, and a par- sonage, the gift of .Mrs. Sarah Root, valued at .52000. About 250 persons have at different times belonged to this church, of whom 92 remain. The Tamoroa church was organized May 24, 1857, by Rev. Elisha Jenney. The first members were: William Yates, Mrs. Elizabeth Ann Yates, Mrs. Lydia Hudson, J. M. Simpson, Mrs. Ann E. Simpson; Mrs. Rosemond O. Blanchard, Miss Mary Ann Vates, Miss Adelaide Simpson. The elders have been : Oliver A. Holt, Jedediah Lathrop. Dr. C. M. Hughey, Townsend Blanchard, Hillery S. Patrick, Joseph W^. Haynes and Providence White. Ministers: Thomas Lippincott, 18.58-62; Josiah Wood, 1863-67; Charles F. F. llalsey, 1867-68; M. B. Van Arsdale. 1870- 71; John Huston, 1872, and Robert Rudd from 1.S74 to the present (September, 1882j. The church is small, but vigorous, atid deserves great praise for its successful struggle against many adverse circvmrtances. The congregation own a very neat frame house of worship, large enough tor the place. It cost about S2600. The present membership is about seventy-five. The Prairie Grove church was situated about midway between Tamaroa and Pinckneyville. Revs. Hillery Pa- trick. John Huston, Samuel Ward, Geo. B. McComb and Robert Rudd have preached there at different times. In the early part of 1881, Rev. C. T. Philips and Ehler Towns- end Blanchard visited the church, and finding but seven members, they were, with the exception of the elder, Mr. Wagstart", dismissed to the Tamaroa church, and the church was declared dissolved. The Denmark church was organized August 30, 1868, with nine members and one elder, J. L. Collom. It has never had more than a nominal existence. The last minis- ter was the Rev. Wm. H. Templeton, of Galum. At last reports there were eleven members. THE BAPTISTS (PERRY COUNTY). RY W. S. D. SMITH. When Perry county was organized, doubtless, the number of Baptists within its limits could have been told upon the fingers of one hand. Indeed we have positive knowledge of but two, — one of whom is still living at the same spot w here he located in the year 1825, and from whom we learn these facts : that he, Enoch Eaton anil his wife Polly, whose maiden name was Hughs, settled upon the northeast quarter of section 24, twp. 5 S. R. 4 W., in what was then a part of Randolph county. They were both Baptists, having been baptized in Ten- nessee, their native state. One and a-half miles west of Bro. Eaton's, at the "Butler Nace farm," lived the only Baptist who is now known to have had an earlier settlement in what is now Perry county ; this was a lady, then far ad- vanced in years, and known as Grandmother Murphy. She was the wife of John Murphy, and mother of William C and Richard G. Murphy,— the latter being the father of Hon. Wm. K. Murphy. She, with her husband, came from Smith county, Tenn., in 1818. She dieil in the spring of 1827, having lived a very exemplary life. No organization of the Baptists existed in Perry county, until June 1829, two years later than the organization of the county. It is not to be presumed, however, that there was no manifestation of the religious life of this people. Baptists preachers passing hrough the country were always met by an eager congregation of neighbors, summoned together under the hospitable roof of Bro. Eaton. Here the gospel was preached by Elder Nathan Arnett, the Lemens of St. Clair county, and others, prior to the organiz.ition of the county, and long p'ior to the organization of the Galuin church in that vicinity. Of other ministers who preached in this county at an early day may be named Rev. John M. Peck, W. F. Boyakin, .\tlas Moore, all now deceased, and 1). L. Phillips, afterwards president of the B. and S. il. R. Company 268 HISTOHY of RANDOLPH, MONROE AND I'ERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. lu the eastern part of the county the first Baptists settled near Du Quoin. EUler Peter Hagler with his wife, who u now deceased, located in the Nine Mile Prairie in the spring of 1829. Others came soon afterward, but none of them have survived liira. Brethren Eaton and Hagler may, therefore, be regarded as pioneers. What changes they have lived to witness can never be fully described The development of the Baptist family may be traced by a sketch, more or less extended, of each of the several church organizations which we find have existed within the borders of the countv, making some allowance for the fact that the county lines do not limit the territory of the churches. This is followed by a sketch of the Nine Mile Baptist Association, and of some individuals: THE SINE MILE B.VPTIST CHURCH This is the name of the first organization of Baptists in Perry county. Two considerations entitle it to the honor- able appellation, "The Mother of Churches." First, its antiquity ; and, secondly, the fact that nearly all the Baptist churches subsequently organized in Ferry county •were partly composed of members taken from the Nine Mile, or were organized of material gathered by the labors of min- isters belonging to that body. Hence, the history of the Nine Mile Church is of special interest. On Saturday before the third Sunday of June, 1829, at a little log house then standing on the west half, southeast quarter section 1, twp 6, S. R. 2 W., where lived Peter Hagler and wife there were gathered together four brethren and four sisters in the Baptist faith. These were : Abner Keith, and Sarah his wife ; Van S. Teague, and Rachel his wife; Peter Hagler, and Frances his wife; Leonard Lipe, and Francis Jones Two Baptist ministers, Eli Short, who lived in Short's prairie, Randolph county, Illinois; and Silas Chrislo, who lived near Kaskaskia, Illinois, met with this little company of pioneer Baptists, and the organization was efiected by the adoption of these eight members, of a church covenant, arti- cles of faith and rules of order. The name chosen and adopted was " Nine Mile Prairie'' Church, that being the name of the post-office, which is now Du Quoin. Peter Hagler was chosen clerk of the church, and the same year a log house about eighteen or twenty feet square was built a short dis- tance frem Hagler's cabin, on what was then " Congress land," afterward entered by Leonard Lipe, now owned by Hon. T. T. Fountain. Here they held meetings monthly, to which the people would come from distances of five, ten, and fifteen miles. Peter Hagler was licensed by the church, soon after its or- ganization, and preached very acceptably to the church and in the surrounding neighborhoods. After a time, Elder Robert Moore became the pastor of the church, and served until 1833, when a serious division rent the church, which at this time contained about sixty members, and a number of members who had been received by letter from churches in Tennessee holding the " Predes- tinarian " doctriue, withdrew under the leadership of John S. Haggard, who was then clerk of the church. Prior to the time of this " split," a process of separation had been going on in the Baptist churches of Tennesseee and other States. Those holding the extreme Calvinistic (or, rather, hyper-Calvinistic) doctrine, which leads toward fatalism and discourages the employment of human agencies or means in the work of salvation, could not remain in harmony with those, who, under the influence of the strong missionary spirit infused into American Baptists by the conversion to Baptist views of the missionaries, Judson and Rice, were impelled to put forth renewed efforts for the spread of the gospel in heathen lands. This leaven had now reached southern Illinois, and in a few years the churches were either divided or carried over to one side or the other, and have since remained as separate denomination. While it is true that this radical difference in doctrine was the real cause of ihe division in the Nine Mile Church, a minor question was made the pretext for withdrawal ; this was an alleged irregularity in the reception or approval of Amos Anderson as a candidate for baptism. Eleven members of the church, among whom was John S. Haggard, Matthew and Thomas Jones, voted against his admission to the church after he had been baptized by the pastor. Eld. Moore, — and, withdrawing, organized a new body which still continues as the old Baptist Church of Par- adise Prairie, and bears the name of "Nine Mile." As to which of these bodies is better entitled to the original name, or to be regarded as the main body of the original Nine Mile Church, opinions may differ, and some impor- tance might attach to it, were the standing of a Baptist Church dependent upon " unbroken succession." Without being a stickler for " ecclesiastical pedigree," we assume that Ihe body which remained with Eld. Hagler, and which was distinguished by the descriptive title, " Missionary Bap- tists and Friends to Humanity," is the church we are en- deavoring to sketch. (Some facts regarding the other body may be found further on). The Nine Mile Church, thus left to the enjoyment of the same doctrines upon which it was founded, was obliged to withdraw from the Salem Association, to which it had at- tached itself, — and, after some years of isolated existence, it became a member of the Saline Association. Their minis- ter. Elder Moore, having adhered to the Salem Association party, they were left without a pastor. A council was ac- cordingly called to meet at Limestone Church, in Union county, for the purpose of the ordination of Brother Peter Hagler as a minister of the gospel. Eld. John Browning, a member of the Nine Mile Church, residing in Franklin county; Elder Isaac Herrin of Franklin county; and Elder Jeremiah Brown of Union county, who in 1828 had bap- tized Brother Hagler and wife, composed the council ; and Eld. Hagler, being duly inducted into the ministerial office, became pastor of the Nine Mile Church. About 1833 or 1835, the church erected a new house of logs. 18x24 feet, on the west half of the northeast quarter of section 25, twp. 5 S. R. 2 W.,at the site of the present building. This log house afterward had a frame addition, and the beautiful grove adjacent to the house was annually brought into requisition as a place for camp meetings, where HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 2G9 immense gatherings of people were accustomed to assemble in the fall of the year — whole familifs, bringing their teams and camping outfits, would remain fir days and weeks en- gaged in the work of the gospel. Elder Nathan Arnett, of St. Clair county ; Elder T. M. Vance, of Beuton, 111., and others, here preached the gospel " in demonstration of the spirit and power," and thirty to forty conversions and baptisms usually resulted from these annual camp-meetings. How diflerent the exercises in these primitive meetings from what may be seen at this day in a ia.shionable city church would be difhcult to describe. Of those who were prominently identified with these ear- lier years of the church's history, besides those already named, may be mentioned : Eld. J. R. Hutchings, who was baptized and ordained here, afterwards a member and pastor of Concord church, and prominent in the civil organization of the county ; Ehi. Richard G. Davis, afterward pastor of the Pipe Stone church ; Elder P. W. Jones, now of Allen- dale, Mo. ; Elder John S. Brown, who, later in life, became a member of the " Latter Day Saiyts ;" William Thornton (now deceased), and M. J. Wilks, of Joplin, both of whom were afterwards ordained as ministers of the gospel ; John Wilks (deceased), a licentiate of this church; also, William Staton, Peter Wilks, Jordan Harriss, and his wife Luciuda Harriss, who survives her husband and is, with perhaps a single exception, the oldest living member, being about 76 years old, and the mother of a large number of Baptist children and grand-children, including Elders Johnson C. Harriss (deceased), J. Carroll Harriss, and Marion Teague On Friday before the first Sunday in October 1845, min- isters and messengers or delegates from six other churches met with the Nine Mile church, and formed a new associa- tion called the '' Nine Mile Baptist A.-sociation." This church at that lime had one hundred and two members. Robert Keller was its clerk. The earlier church records having been destroyed by fire, statistical information cannot be given for that period prior to 184-5. The following is a list of the church clerks since 1845 : — Nelson Holt, served four years ; John R. Teague (dec'd), served twenty years ; Pleasant F. Staton (dec'd~), served seven years ; James W. Lemmon was clerk in 1875, E. M. Harriss in 1876; Johnson C Harriss, from 1877 to 1881 ; since which time bis son, Josiah E. Harriss has been clerk. In 1851, and again in 1863, the Nine Mile Association held its meetings with this church. In 1853 thirty two members were dismissed to form the Paradise Baptist Church. In 1865 or 1866 the present house of worship, a neat frame building, about 40x60 feet, was erected at a cost of 81200. When the necessity for a new building was realized, the question of a change of location came up. A considerable proportion of the membership resided in Holt's Prairie, and an cflbrt was made to locate the new house upon the high ground east of Panther Creek, on the Pinckneyville and Du Quoin road ; but the strength of the old associations held the place of worship at the original site by the old burial- ground. With commendable spirit the church soon began to divide the appointments for preaching, and about half the meet- ings were held at Holt's Prairie, and the church recognized the reception of members at these meetings; and in July, 187li, thirty-nine members were dismissed to go into the organization of the Holt's Prairie Baptist Church. In its later years the church has enjoyed several revivals. In 1874, in a meeting of seventeen days. Elder J. M. Billings- ley assisting, thirty were baptized. In October, 1876, nine were baptized, as the result of a meeting held by Elders J. Cole and J. Carroll Harriss. Id Dec. 1877, Brethren Johnson C. Harriss, Marion Teague, and Elders \Vm. R. McClure, Wm. H. Carner, and J. Carroll Harriss engaged with the church in a special eff)rt resulting in thirty-five baptisms. In Nov. 1879, at a meeting in which Elder W. H. Carner and Brother Marion Teague were engaged, nineteen were baptized. December 2'i, 1877, Eld. Peter Hagler, having served the church as pastor about forty years, resigned. About two years afterward, Bro. Marion Teague, who had been in 1877 licensed to preach, was chosen pastor, and on the 3d day of January, 188U, he was ordained, — the council of ordination being composed of A. A Kendrick, D. D., Pres't of Shurt- leff College ; Elders J. Carroll Harriss, J. M. Billingsley, Peter Hagler and other brethren not ministers. At the suggestion of the new pastor, the church procured a library costing §100. Dec. 1881, Eld. J. Carroll Harriss was elected and is at this time the pastor of the church. The number of persons who have had membership in this " Mother of Churches " is very great. No e?timate can be made of the great amount of good that ha< resulted and will result from the earnest, selfdenying labors of those who have served the Lord in and through this organization. Purity of doctrine has always characterized the church, and a spirit of benevolence has never been wanting. THE G.^LU.M BAPTIST CHUKCU. This body is now in its fortieth year, having been or- ganized August, 5, 1843, as the " Delum Creek Church of Christ friends to humanity." The organization took place at the house of Enoch EatoU: Sr., near Calum creek, on the Pinckneyville and Sparta road, where the meetings were held until 1819, when the church building, since enlarged by an addition made in 1856, was built on the N. W. quarter of N. E. quarter of sec. 23, tp. 5-5, range 4 W. The original members were: Samuel Eaton, Elizabeth Eaton, Barnabas Woolcott, Sarah Woolcott, George Wilson, Sarah Wilson, John Adair, Rebecca Adair, Lewis Benson, Rebecca Benson, Alexander Clark, Rutha Clark, En^'h Eaton, Polly Eaton, Isaac Eaton, Sarah Eaton, Elizabeth Eaton, Jr. and Elizabeth Rice, of whom Enoch Eaton, Re- becca Adair and Rebecca Benson are still living. Elders Peter Hagler and John R. Hutchins were the council of recognition, and Enoch Eaton was chosen deacon and his wife deaconess. The following is a list of pastors and clerks: Pastors— Elder P. Hagler, from Aug. 1843 to Jan. 1846 ; 270 HISTOHY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Eld. D. Huggins, April 1846 to Sept. 1848 ; Eld. P. W. Jones. Feb. 1849 to Jan. 18,i0; Eld J. S. Brown, Sept. 1850 to May 18-51 ; Eld. P. W. Jones, May 1851 to April 18-55; Eld. H. S. Dappe. May 185.5 to May 18-56; Eld. P. W. Jones, Aug. 18 j6 to De\ 18B0; Eld. M. J. Wilks. March 1800 to April 1861 ; Eld. J. B. Campbell, June 1861 to June 1865; Eld. W. H. Garner, Feb. 1866 to April 1869: Eld. J. C. Wilson, Oct. 1870 to Oct. 1874; Eld. D Shipraan, Nov. 1874 to Aug. 1875; Eld. J. C. Harris, Jan. 1877 to the present time. Clerks — Isaac Eaton, elected August o, 184S ; Samuel Eaton, elected, February, 1848 ; William 'S\. Eaton_ elected October, 18-51 ; Butler Nace, elected April, 1858 . William Eaton, elected April, 18.59 ; Abel Campbell, elected June, 1800 ; H. L. Eaton, elected June, 1860 ; W. R. Eaton, elected July, li^l-i; W. F. Treffizs, elected Septem- ber, 1881. This church entertained the annual meeting of the Saline Association in 1844. The next year it weat into the or- ganization of the Nine ^liie Association, which body met with this church in 185;. Bro. J. B. Campbell, now of Sparta, Illinois, was licensed to preach Oct. 2, 1852. Bro. Addison Pressley was licensed July 9, 1881. Eld. Heze- kiah West was in April, 1865, ordained here, by Elders P. Hagler, P. W. Jones and R. C. Keele. This church has experienced remarkable seasons of re- vival and declension. The question of " Masonry " was a disturbing cause in 1850. Of the numerous revivals pro- bably none effected a more marked change in the church than two protracted meetings in the winter of 1877-78, resulting in seventeen baptisms at each, which with other accessions during the year, raised the membership about two hundred per cent. In recent years the Sunday-school enterprise has received due atteutioD. Brethren James Knox, W. F. Trefftzs, Ad- dison Pressley, Daniel Benson, W. R Eaton and H. L. Eaton serving as superintendents. The church has always been prompt to meet its financial obligations. THE SWANWICK BAPTIST CHURCH. One of the earliest organizations in the county, but now extinct, was the Swanwick church, which came into exist, ence in the year 1843, not long after the Galum church. Its location was in sec. 36, tp. 4 S., range 3 W., near the pre sent residence of John Kellerman, and not far from the Oak Grove church. The original members were : Bryant West, David Huggins and wife, and sister Roach. Elders Wil- liam Whitchurch and J. H. Mitchell, of St. Clair county, were the ministry composing the Presbytery. They were distinguished at first as " Emancipating," or " Emancipated Baptists," believing in the frceness of the gospel of salvation. Though averse to the payment of a stated sum to ministers as salary, they were not " anti- effort " or " anti-mission "Baptists. They built a meeting- bouse, and it was duly dedicated. Elder Atlas Moore, of St Clair county, preaching the sermon. This church was one of the constituent members of the Nine Mile Association. David Huggins was at that time its clerk, and J. H. Mitchell, pastor. Next five years, 1840 to 18-59, David Huggins was pastor, and William Hutchings clerk. The membership had grown to about fifty. William Davis was then elected clerk, and continued to serve as such during the life of the church. In 1854 P. W. Jones was pastor ; Elder Huggins succeeded him. In 1857 the church be- came extinct. THE FOUR MILE BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized February 19, 1848, at the house of Jeremiah Walker, in sec. 24, tp. 6, S. R. 3 W., un- der the name of " The Baptist Church of Christ at Four Mile Prairie." The constituent members were : Jeremiah Walker, Martha Walker, Rachel Walker, Richard G. Murphy, Mary Ann Murphy, James Thompson, Margaret Thompson, John N. Thompson, Harriet Thompson, Martha Brown, Alexander Brown, Louisa Brown, Lewis S. Thump- son, Lucinda Thompson, Hester Denny, Mary Van Winkle, Elizabeth Arnold, Cyrene Pyatt and Lucinda N. Bourland, of whom Harriet Thompson, Cyrene Pyatt and Rachel Walker ( now Kiuzey) are the only ones known to be living. The presbytery or council was composed of Elders Peter Hagler and David Huggins and Bro. P. W. Jones, a licen- tiate. Elder Hagler was the first pastor. Richard G. Murphy was the first clerk and Jeremiah Walker the first deacon. Samuel Pyatt was the first member received. He was chosen clerk and served until 1855. In October, 1848, the church enjoyed a revival in which fourteen were bap- tized. The amount collected and paid to the pastor as his salary for 1848 was $6.75. The church languished, after 18-50, for five years, when, in 1855, under the labors of Elder H. S. Deppe, fifteen mem- bers were added. The salary of the pastor in 1855 was fixed at S-50, and James G. Brown was chosen clerk. In January, 1867, Elder M. J. Wilks became pastor, and at a protracted meetiug held in December 1858, seven members were received. Then followed the pastorate of Elder Wil- liam Thornton for nearly two years. From 1860 to 1868 meetings were suspended. From February to September, 1868, Elder P. Hagler again served the church ; 8 were baptized, and with 2 others added to 10 old members re-en- rolled, the record of this church of 20 members closes. THE PIPE STONE BAPTIST CHURCH Was organized in 1848 at the house of E. T. Rees, near Den- mark. Besides E. T. Rees and Elvira R,, his wife, the original members were Independence Jinkins, R. S. Hood and Polly Ernest, and perhaps others, all deceased so far as we can learn. It was through the instrumentality of Elder R. G. Davis that this body was organized. They were a small band. He was the first pastor, but, losing his health a year or so after- ward, Elder H. S. Gordon became their pastor. The church was admitted lo membership in the Nine-Mile Association in 1849, with a membership of sixteen. Their pastor. Elder Davis, preached the Associational discourse, and the church was reported to be in a promising condition, but upon the accession of Elder Gordon to the pastorate, the church became "open communion" in faith and practice. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 271 and was accordingly dropped from the fellowship of the As- sociation at its meeting in I80I. THE PARADISE BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized September 10, 18.j3, at a meet- ing held in the barn belonging to Deacon Hosca H. Strait, in Sec. 20, Tp. 5, S. 11. 1 W. The original members, thirty-two, in nuniber, were dis- missed from the Nine-Mile church in a body, for the pur- pose of forming a church in the Paradise Prairie, which, prior to that time, had been an out station or arm of said church. Miner J. Wilk,,* Eliza A. Wilks, H. II. Strait, Nancy M. Strait,* R. C. T. Keller,* Eleanor Keller,* Henry F. Hamplemau, Minerva Hampleman,* William Gee,* Malinda Gee,* H. J. Sulser,* Margaret Sulser, James A. Jones,* Sarah Jones, George Martin, William Thornton, J. T. R. Thornton, L. C. Braraley," JIary J. Bramley,* Samuel T. Etherton, Rebecca Etherton, Daniel Gunn, Nancy Gunn,* Elizabeth Teel,* Charles E. R. Winlhrop,* Dcliah Win- throp,* B. H. Keller,'- Mary J. Keller,* B. D. Kelley. Nancy W. Kelley, Rose A Robinson,* Isabella Galloway. Of these R. C. T. Keller, Eleanor Keller, Nancy Strait, ' now Lowraan) Minerva Hampleman, and Elizabeth Teel, .-till iiave their membership in the bddy. In lf<5i a good frame building was erected at the S. W. corner of the S. E. \ of S. W. J, Sec. 14, Tp. .'., S. R. 1 W , of 3d P. M. at a cost of 81,500. Hosea H. Strait and Benjamin D. Kelley were the first deacons. They were " «orthy of double honor," and have gone to their reward. William Gee was the tirst clerk, and was succeeded by R. C. T. Keller, R. A. Hampleman. A. Zwahleu and James W. Lenmion, the present clerk. El der P. H»gler was the first pastor, serving two years. Elder P. W. Jones, served one ye:ir. The subsei|uent pastors were Elders M J. Wilks, William Tlioruton, Wra. II. Career, A. Rice, P. Hagler, J. Carroll Harriss, Marion Teague and J. II. Thornton, [jresent incumbent. Fre- quently two of these pastors served together as joint-pastors. If Nine-Mile church can be called the mother of churches. Paradise is entitled to be called the mother of Baptists, as the number baptized here will average above one each mouth during the entire period the church has been in existence. Besides the brethren named above as pastors. Elders John M. Billingsley, John A. Rodman and H. S. Deppe have ren- dered valuable aid in protracted meetings. This chiirch has also sent out a goodly number uf minis- ters asthefjllowing list will show: Miner J. Wilks and Wil- liam Thornton, licensed October, 18.")4. ordained November 13,1856; Wm. H. Carner, licensed June, 1861, ordained December 4, 1864; W. Sanford Gee, licensed February, 1869, ordained May 14, 1871 ; J. Carroll Harriss, licensed February, 1876, ordaiued July 8, 1M76 ; Joseph II. Tlidrii- ton, ordained July 8, 1876 This church, early in 1854, extended its influence in the establishment of an out post or station at Horse Prairie, in Franklin county, which was supplied with preaching, and recognized as an "arm" of thechurch until a separate church • (Those marked • pre "till Hvinz.l was organized therein 1856. Paradise church became a member of the NineMile Association in 18.53, and that body met with this church in the year 18.55, 1865, 1871 and 1878. Of the early member.- of this church several have finished their course. Deacon H. H. Strait, died March 15, l''<56, aged 43. He left a brlL'lit example. Deacon H. F. Hampleman, died October 8, 1876, aged 62 years. He filled the otlice of County Judge, of Perry county, as did also H. H. Strait and C. E. R. AVinthrop Elder William Thornton, after a brief but useful life in the ministry, died April 21 ^ 1866, leaving his mantle to his foil, the present pastor. Tin: lit' 'iCOIS BAPTI.ST CHURCH. On the oOth day of May, 1857, when the present city of Du Quoin was a mere village, fourteen Baptists, seven brethren and seven sisters, were gathered together, and uniting in covenant relations with each other, were recog- nized as the First Baptist Church of Du (,)uoin. The council of reco::iiiti()n was composed of Rev. S. H. Bundy, then editor of the JI!iiio!s ll'ijjtiH, publi.rhed at Benton, Elders P. Hag- ler and P. W. Jones. Toe following are the names nf the original members: Rev Hamilton Sampson, Desire .'^amp- son. Deacon Jloses Winters, Ann S. Winters, John A. Wil- liams, Mary Jane Williams, John D. Perry, ilary j\l. Perry, Edmund Lipe, Moses C. Winters, Asenath A. Winters, Drusilla A. Winters, Christiana C. Winters and Edwin Sampson. By reason of removals and deaths, none of these are now members of this church, it being the only Baptist church in the ei>unty that has survived all its constituent mend)ers. Rev. H. Sampson was installed as pastor of the church. Moses Winters was recognized as Deacon, and John A. Williams was chosen clerk. The first person baptized was sister .Malinda Burke. In April, 1.S5'*, Rev. E. Jaynes was chosen pastor, and the church was enrolled as a member of the Nine Mile Associa- tion. In March, l'S5!), a council was called, and Bro. W. C. F. Hempstt^ad, a member of the church, was ordained to the ministry. Elders II Jaynes, Peter Hagler, E. Hempstead and Martin, with other brethren, composed the council. Elder Hempstead then became the pastor of the church, to serve one half the time, at a salary of 8200. The church, however, was unable to sustain him, and were besides without a house in which to worship, using the vil- lage school house and other placts until November, 1861, when they secured the use of the Presbyterian church for a time, and engaged Rev. H. H. Hatl'as pastor for six months, one-half the time, for 880. The services of Elder Hatt' con- tinued and the church gained some strength, and many con- sultations were had and eflbrts made to build a house. On May 12, 1800, Bro. John A. W'lliams was licensed to pnacli. In November, 18(53, Rev. R. S. Johnson became pa>tnr.:uid the tide of general prosperity enabled thechurch to undertake and successfully prosecute the enterprise of erecting the present house of worship, which is a substantial structure of brick, lOxC'ti feet, located near the southwest corner of the i)ublic park, almost in the heart of the city. Its cost was between 85,000 and 86,000. The building, when 272 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. completed, was one of the finest in southern Illinois, and was dedicated March 26, 1865. Rev. J. G. Johnson, now of Philadelphia, preached the dedicatory discourse. On the 1st of April fourteen members were received from the Eben- ezer Baptist Church, among whom were Elder Josiah Lemen, an ordained minister, and W. S. D. Smith, a licentiate. Elder Johnson's pastorate closed in December, 1865, and he was succeeded by Elder Jacob Cole, now of Champaign, 111., who served one year, when Elder D. P. French became pastor, and served until October, 1866. In December of that year the Rev. F. Hill was called to the care of the church, and served one year. Elder D. P. French then served the church again as pastor for about two years, during which time the indebtedness for church building was discharged. In March, 1872, Rev. L. M. Whiting was chosen pastor- salary $700. He served nearly two years, during which time the church enjoyed some prosperity, but was also entangled in some ditficulties. Feb. 5, 1874, Rev. Demas L. Clouse, now in Iowa, became pastor and served a little more than a year. Sept 5, 1874, Elder E. C H. Willougliby, who had for- merly been a Baptist minister, but had become connected wiih the " Christian Chureh," was, by the action of this church, restored to fellowship as a Baptist. He succeeded Elder Clouse, as pastor of the church, and served about two years. August 15, 1878, the venerable Rev. Erastus Ad- kins, D D., now, as formerly, a resident of Ohio, was settled as pastor, the church being aided in his support by the Home Mission Society. From Juue to October, 1879, the pulpit was supplied by Bro. Thomas S. Bovell, then a student at Shurtleff College. From October, 1880, to October, 1881, Rev. Marion Teague served as pastor, preaching only a part of the time. In October, 1881, Rev. John Powell, of Belle- ville, began his present pastorate, which so far has been quite successful. This church has always been weak financially— has had many hindrances -is probably enjoying as much real pros- perity now as at any time in the past. Situated in a town of from 2,000 to 3,000 inhabitants, where every grade of society is to be found, and in the midst of all the " isms" of the present age, the little handful of faithful brethren have held the ground and contended for " the faith." Liberal contributions have from time to time been made by the members of the Du Quoin church to the American Baptist Home Mission Society, American Baptist Publication Society^ for Foreign Missions and the support of Baptist colleges. The following are the names of the difl^erent clerks of said church: John A. Williams (now an ordained minister), James W. Winters, Samuel E. Evans, T. C. Watkins, H. S. Lemen, J. B. Kelly, Friend Smith and Charles F. Linzee. S. E. Evans is the present clerk. Deacons D. Harley and George S. Smith, Sister Margaret Winters and her son, James W. Winters, are also worthy of mention as pillars of the church ; the two last named are now the only members who have been with the church throughout its entire history, and they have always been among its chief supporters. The Pinekneyville Baptist Church. — Appears to have been the name of a shortlived organization which seems to have formed a sort of connecting link between the old "Swanwick" church and the present churches of "Oak Grove" and " Pinekneyville." On the 31st day of Decem- ber, 1857, Elders Peter Hagler and Hamilton Sampson being present at aPresbytery or council of recognition, the following named Baptists of Pinekneyville and vicinity, viz. : William Davis and Sarah Davis his wife, George Baxter, Charles Song, Thomas Thompson, James F. Mason, Lucy Ann Gordon and Sarah Helvey were united together in church relation. Elder Sampson was chosen pastor and Brother William Davis, clerk. The church was admitted to the Nine-Mile Accociation in 1858. One or two members were smbsequently received by letter. Elder P. W. Jones appears to have been the pastor from September, 1858 until August, 1859, when the record closed. George Baxter died October, 1867. William Davis and wife went into the organization of the Oak Grove church while James F. Mason, Charles Song (now deceased) and Lucy A. Gordon (now Malone) were constituent members of what is now called the " First Baptist church of Pinekney- ville." Doubtless this feeble organization served its purpose though no imposing array of statistics can be brought forward to its credit. The record of one of its meetings is in these words: "Saturday before the second Lord's day in April, 1859, three members met and had prayer." It would be interesting to know what petitions went up from that little circle and in what manner the promise was fulfilled to the "two or three" thus gathered together in the name of the Lord. The Ehmezer Bupiist Church— l^ie: Ebenezer Baptist church was organized on the 16th day of- June, 1860. At the school house, in district Number 5, Tp. 6, S. R. 1, W., about two miles east of Du Quoin, by the following named bretheru and sisters entering into covenant relations, viz. : Elders Josiah Lemen, Martha Lemen, David McCollum, Mary McCollum, Mary Cole, Jesse McCollum and Melissa McCollum, of whom the two last named are still living. Elders Josiah Lemen and W. C. F. Hempstead were the Presbytery and Elder Hempstead was cho?en pastor the first year. Elder P. W. Jones then served one year followed by Elder Josiah Lemen, about two years, when Elder P. Hagler was chosen and served one year. The whole number baptized into the fellowship of the church was thirty. In 1860, it was received into the fellow- ship of the Nine-Mile Association. October od, 1863, the church granted to brother W. S.D. Smith a license to preach. The church was considerably diminished by the withdrawal on the 18th day of March, 1865, of a large number of its members who desired to unite with the church in Du Quoin, consequently, at the next meeting the church voted to dissolve its organization. Some of the members going into the Du Quoin church and others to Paradise church. It would seem that the organization of this body at a point so near a church already established iu the thriving village HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 273 of Du Quoin was a mistake, but doubtless it served a tem- porary purpose for good. David McCoUum died while a member of his church in 186:?. The Tnmaron lidjitist Church. — Was constitued January 12, 18.59, by the following named brethren and sisters enter- ing into covennnt relations with each other as a gospel church. Elder P. Hagler, being the officiating minister, viz.: Nelson Holt, Harriet A. Eaton, E. G. Bell, John B. Kelly, John W. Staton, Alonzo Etherton, Lazarus Eaton, Martha Tyrrel, Elizabeth Bell, Martha Roots, Rhoda A. Barker, Martha A. Bell, Elizabeth Kelley, Eliza A. Staton, Lovisa Etherton, Lydia Eaton, Barthana Bell, Elizabeth Davis, Alfred Turman, Charles Kellogg and f^dmond Bar- ker. Only the two first namsd are members at this time. Soon after its organization the church received a consider- able number of members by letter and was enrolled a member of the Nine-Mile Asssociation in 1859. Elder P- Hagler was the first pastor and served about two years. Some service was rendered the cliurch from September 18(52 to January 18(14 by Elder Negus, after which the church was destitute of a pastor until July 180(5 when brother A. L. Wilkinson, a young man, a licentiate, from Ann Arbor, Michigan, became their pastor. He served the church for about a year, being ordained at a meeting of the Niue-Mile Association at Du Quoin in October, 18(>(i. He is now pastor of the First Baptist church of Springfield, Ohio. For the first ten years of its existance the church seems to have made but little progress. Being without a house of worship the meetings were held in the ^[ethodist church until November, 1^(10, when the school house was secured, the church putting in the seats for the use of the house. In April, L'^(i!> the church again began holding its meetings in the Methodist church, and had the services of Rev. I. S. Mahan for nearly two years and enjoyed some prosperity. Eight were baptized in March, 1870. At the close of that year a new and commodious house of worship having been erected, Elder L C. Carr was chosen pastor. The church was dedicated January 26, 1871. Rev. S. F. Holt, of Decatur, preaching the sermon. The cost of the building was about S:5,oOO, a frame building, size 32x48 feet, with gallery and a good bell. Rev. S. C. Carr was pastor until is":!. Rev. Jonas Woodward served as pastor from June, 1873 until November, 187.5, and his labors ap- pear to have been very profitable to the church until declining health brought them to a close. In December, 1877, Rev. D. P. French began to serve the church, and continued to do so until the summer of 1880; but was not able li preach often, on account of his duties as general missionary calling him elsewhere. His membership is still with the church. Elder J. H.Thornton was assistant pastor for three months in 1880. In April 1>*81, the present pastor Elder Marion Teague entered upon his duties and the work seems to be prospering in his hands. The Grand Cote Bapli.-^t Chun-h. — At a meeting held for that purpose in a grove of timber in the east end of the Grand Cole Prairie, where the church building now stands, the following named brethern and sisters of the Baptist "persuasion" were on Saturday before the fourth Sabbath 35 in September, 1861, united together as a church, to wit : Joel F. Deason and wife, E D. Rountree and wife, John W. Rushing and wife, John C. Wilson and wife, Joel Rush- ing, Nancy Rushing, Levina Haile, Sarab Wells, Martha J. Ragland and Francis J. Huggins. Elders M. J. Wilks, William Thornton, P. W. Jones, John A. Williams and W. W. Hutchings composed the council. E. D. Rountree was chosen clerk and J. F. Deason and J. W. Rushing deacons. The next vear a house was built costing about $350. The church has generally been supplied with preaching once a month at a cost of about $40 per year. Elders M. J Wilks, William Thornton, D. Huggins, W. Sanford Gee, Alex. Rice, J. K. P. Ragland and D. H. Thornton have successively served as pastors. Elders Hag- ler, Billingsley, Wilson Harriss and W. Wright have at various times rendered service in special m'eetings. The church has always been small in number of members and only for a short period has it maintained a Sunday school. Some members have been lost by removal, and on the 10th day of July, 1878, Bro. Joel Rushing was removed by the hand of death ; his age was 78 years. Only three male members remain. The church has been a member of the Nine Mile Association since 1861. J. W. Rushing is clerk and Elder J. H. Thornton pastor. Present member- ship twenty-two. Beaucoup Baplki Church.— On the fourth Saturday in September, 1863, at a meeting held at the Round Prairie school house, a church of twenty-five meml)ers was organized. Elders David Huggins, A. Rice, W. W. Hutchings and W. H. McElhanon were present and recognized the organi- zation. Elder W. W. Hutchings was chosen pastor and Thomas J Rice clerk. Afterward Elder A. Rice served as pastor for one year, and in 18(>.) (or about that date) the church dissolved. It was admitted to the Nine Mile Association in 1863. After disbamling the members attached themselves to Con- cord Mud Prairie and other churches. The Oak Grove Baptid Church. — Situated about two miles north of Pinckneyville, this church was constituted princi- pally of those who had survived the Swanwick church and the earlier Pinckneyville church At a meeting held in the school house in District No. •>, Tp. 5 S. R. 3 W. on the 5th day of March, 18(>4, the following named persons affixed their names to a church covenant in the usual form in the presence of Elders W. W. Hutcl-.ings and P. W. Jones, and agreeing to accept the Bible as their rule of faith and prac- tice as a church, were recognized as an independent ecclesi- astical body with the name of the " Oak Grove Baptist Church," to wit: William Davis and Sarah Davis, his wife Enoch Taylor and Nancy J. Taylor, bis wife, William H' Smith and Margaret J. Smith, his wife, John li Richmond, Judith K. Preswood, Amy M. Keen, Louisa McClurkin and Phebe Hill. The church elected Bro. William H. Smith clerk and Bro. John C Wilson (then a licentiate) pastor. The next year he was ordained by a Presbytery consisting of Elders D. Huggins and E. M. Brown, and in August, 1865, he was succeeded in the pastorate by Elder William Thorn, ton, who served until May, 1866, when Elder A. Rice be- 274 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. came pastor. Elder Jesse Farmer served as pastor during 18U7; Elder M. J. Wi Iks from January, 1868, to Septem- ber, 1869 ; Elder A. Rice again served as pastor until De- cember, 1870, when Elder J. C. Wilson again took charge of the church, and served until October, 1872. Elder D. Huggins then served the church until March, 1876, when he was succeeded by Elder A. Rice, the present pastor. Like many other country churches. Oak Grove has generally had services only once per month, and only occasionally has any effort been made to sustain a Sunday school. Numer- ous protracted meetings however have been held and a con- siderable number have professed religion and been baptized under the special efforts of the pastors aided by other min- isters. Besides those whose names are given above. Elder S. A. Martin aided the church in special meetings. Usually from ten to seventeen new members have been the result of a protracted meeting in this church, but the church has never been strong financially and the want of sufficient reli- gious instruction seems to have been a great hindrance. Exclusions and restorations have been remarkably numerous. In June, 1878, Bro. James K. P. Eayland was licensed to preach, and on the day of May, 1880, he was ordained by a presbytery composed of Elders J. C Wilson, A. Rice, W. A. Jarrel and S. A. Martin. The oldest member of this church is the venerable Deacon William Davis, born in Washington county, Virginia, in 1802. This is one of the few Baptist churches in this county which observes the "washing of feet" as a ceremonial in the church. Oak Grove church was received into the Nine Mile Association in 1864. Their present house of worship is a substantial building of hewed logs. Bro. John S. Davis is the present clerk. Elder W. A. Jarrel was a member of this church for a short time after withdrawing from the church at Pinck- neyville. The PinckneyviUe Baptist Church — The " First Baptist Church of PinckneyviUe," as it is now called, was organized July 30, 1865, under the name of the "PinckneyviUe Bap- tist Church," the former organization of that name having become extinct. Elders P. W Jones, of this county, and Joseph G. Rutter, of Perry county, Missouri, assisted in the organization. The original members were A. B. Hogard, an ordained minister, and Ellen J. Hogard, his wife, Richard M Davis, and Catharine O. Davis, his wife. Deacon Charles Song, James F. Mason, Lucy A. Malone, Louisa Denny and Parthenia Church. Bro. R. M. Davis was the first clerk and served until 1868. Elder P. W. Jones was chosen pastor, and continued to visit the church " once a month " for two years and three months, during which time sixty-six persons were baptized and the membership otherwise in. creased to ninety-three. In October, 1865, the church was admitted to the Nine Mile Association. In February, 1866, a Sunday School was organized, which continues to the pre- sent time a means of incalculable good to the church. In December, 1866, Bro. R. M. Davis was licensed to preach. In December, 1867, having chosen Rev. JohnH. Mize, now of Hastings, Nebraska, as pastor, and secured aid from the Home Mission Society for his support, the building enterprise was begun in earnest, and on the 27th day of August, 1868, the present church building was dedicated. Rev. Dar-iel Read, D. D., then President of Shurtleff College preached a discourse on the occasion. The house is a substantial brick structure 32x52 feet, with gothic windows — three on each side, a gallery and vestibules — spire about 50 feet high, with a good bell. Total cost about S3300. At the first meeting in this house, Bro John W. Primm, now pastor of the Bap- tist church at Lincoln, 111., was licensed to preach. In October, 1869, the Nine Mile Association met with this church. Elder Mize closed his pastorate in May, 1870, having baptized thirty persons, and leaving the church with a membership of one hundred and thirteen. Rev. L. C. Carr, who recently died in Florida, was the next pastor: served the church from January to August, 1871, leaving it with 103 members. For the next seven months the church had no pastor, but enjoyed the labors of Rev. J. M. Billings- ley in a protracted meeting. Twenty-three persons were baptized. Rev. William H. Garner, now of McLeansboro, 111., was the next pastor from March, 1872, to near the close of 1873. This was a very stormy period in the history of the church. Bro. J. L. Primm was clerk of the church from October, 1868, to September, 1872, when Bro. W. S. D. Smith, the present clerk, succeeded him. January 17, 1874, Bro. Joseph H. Thornton was licensed to preach. The church about this time discharged the remainder of its building debt. From March to October, 1S74, Rev. D. Matlock, now deceased, was pastor. From April to Octcber 1875, Elder David Huggins visited the church once a month, From January, 1876, to July, 1877, Elder E. C. H. Wil- loughby was pastor. October, 1877, the Nine Jlile Asoocia- tion again met with this church. The introductory sermon was preached by Rev. J. Carroll Harriss, a former member of this body. Bro. Harriss with Elder J. M. Bennett assisted the church in a series of meetings following the Asso- ciation and nine were baptized. Bro. Harriss then became pastor, preaching once a month for about a year: In Janu ary, 1879, Elder D. P. French held a series of meetings with the church. The membership now numbered ninety-seven and seemed to be united and prosperous. Elder W. A. Jar- rel, now of Texas, became pastor March 1, 1879, and by the close of his year'sservice the church was in great confusion. The views and methods of the pastor were opposed by several of the leading members, and a faction seeking to continue him in the pastorate, or have the church " endorse " him, A bitter contest was the result, and the " pastor party ' to the number of twenty-eight withdrew, since which time the church has had no pastor, but has enjoyed a good degree of peace and prosperity. Total number who have been mem- bers of this church 255; total baptisms 165. THE FRIENDSHIP BAPTIST CHURCH Was organized in 1867 through the labors of Elder P. W. Jones, aided by Elder J. C. Wilson. The original mem- bers were Michael Goos and wife, Jacob Nawart and wife Solomon Thompson and wife. Smith C. Moore and wife, David L. Benson and wife, Baker and wife, Mar- garet Statou, Julia Staton, Eliza Miller. This enterprise encountered a little opposition from some HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 275 of the neighboring Baptists, who thought a new organization in the bounds of ciiurches already established would be de- trimental. The church was, however, recognized and admitted to the Niue-MileAsfociation iu October, 1^07. Elder P. W. Jones was pas or of the church from its or- ganization until he removed from the State in 1869. Ekler W. H. Garner was then chosen pastor, but did not serve as such. About the close of 1869, the church engaged a young min- ister from Tennessee, whose name was Geo. W. Pricket. In about six months they were led away from the ground oc- cupied by Baptists, receiving into their fellowship some mem- bers of the "Christian " order. Accordingly, at the meeting of the Association, in 1870, the church was dropped for heresy, and a resolution adopted declaring non-fellow hip with George W. Pricitet, as a Bap- tist raiiiistcr, and recognizing Brother S. C. Moore, as hav- ing stood firm in the faith on which the Friendship church was first organized Thus the cliurch passed out from the ranks of the Baptist-brotherhood, and has since stood as a Christian or "Carapbellile" body. D. L. Benson was the first clerk, and S. C. Moore was clerk at the time of the separation. He died June 24, 1876. THE HOLTS PRAIRIE B.iPTIST CHURCH. As early as 1835, Elder Peter Hagler, then pastor of the Nine Mile Baptfst church, held occasional meetings in Holt's Prairie, preaching at the house of Jordan Harriss, one of the members of the Nine Mile church, and at the school- house, in the lower end of the prairie. Subsequently Elders P. W. Jones, William Thornton, and M. J. Wilks, preached in this neighborhood, the latter having regular raonliily ap- pointments for some lime. It was regarded as an out station of the Nine Mile church, and in 1871, Fielder J. M. Billlngs- ley held a series of meetings in E. M. Harriss' barn, result- ing in many conversions, and by the consent of the Nine Mile church, the applicants for membership here were ap- proved by the brethren residing in Holt's Prairie, and bap- tised and recognized as members of the Nine Mile church. To supply this portion of the church with preaching, the pastor visited them regularly, and the necessity for a house of worship being apparent, a good frame building 3().x4() feet was erected on the S. \V. qr. of the S. W. qr. of Sec. 21, Tp. 5, S R 2 W., and paid for largely through the instrumen- tality of Brother Jefferson Thornberry, now deceased. The council of recognization, consisting of Elder P. Hag- ler and William Malone, of Nine Mile church ; J. L. Priram, J. Carroll Harriss, and S. Ballard, of Pinckneyville church ; Richard Wilks, of Paradise church, and Lindsey Benedict, of Concord church. Elder P. Hagler was chcsen pastor, and served until December, 1872, when Elder Wm. H. Carner was elected and served six consecutive years. Elder J. Car- roll Harriss, then served three years, when the present pas- tor, Elder John A Rodman, was chosen. John H. Harriss has been clerk of the church from the beginning. This church has been remarkably successful, has encoun- tered few obstacles, and now rank^ as one of thestrrngjst churches of the Nine Mile Association in which body it took membership iu 1872. THE NINE MILE BiPTIST ASSOCI.iTION. Baptists recognize the local church as the only ecclesi- astical organization divinely instituted. They hold it to be absolutely independent, and clothed with plenary authority for the administration of Scriptural discipline to its mem- bers, and in no wav connecteJ with, or dependent upon, the system of civil government adopted by the state. The local bodies, however, for the promotion of their mutual interests and to facilitate the complete observance of that command, " Preach the gospel to every creature," have have f(;und it expedieut to hold annual meetings for con- sultation and concert of action. This annual meeting is called an " Association," and is composed of ministi^rs and delegates appointed by the church- es, but has no legislative or judicial authority. The " Nine Mile Baptist Association," which includes all the churches of Perry county, excepting those calling themselves the "Old Baptists" and the churches of colored people, was organized October 4, 184.1, at a meeting held at the Nine Mile Church, from which it takes its name. Elder D. S Crain, modera- tor of the Saline Association, presided at this meeting, in which Elder Ignatius O' Daniel and D. Bijgs of Clear Creek Association participated. Elder J. R. Hutchings was clerk of the meeting. Seven churches, among which were Nine Mile, Swanwick Creek, and Delum (Galum) of Perry coun- ty, went into the organization, and Elder P. Hagler was chosen moderator, J. R. Hutchings clerk, and Pendleton W- Jones treasurer. A constitution and rules of order were adopted, and the following resolutions parsed: Remlvfd, That we advise the churches to patronize and sustain the Baptist Publication Society, by their purchases, contributions, and prayers so far as they can. Resolved, That we recommend the churches to use nil pes. sible eflvirts to get up and sustain well managed Sabbath schools in their immediate vicinities. Resolced, That we recommend and advise both members anil ministers of our churches to sustain the temperance pledge, and that thoy exert their influence in the suppression of the use of intoxicating drinks as a beverage. Also resolutions recommending settled pastors supported, so far as possible by the churches, and the holding by each church of at least one protracted meeting each year. From that time to the pres9nt the minutes of the annual meeting of the Nine Mile Association "bristle" with advisory resolu- tions concerning secret and family prayer, Sabbath schools, temperance, support of the ministry, home and foreign mis- sions, ministerial education, Baptist publications, denomina- tional schools and colleges, and everything else which might claim the attention of the churches, but never dictating to the churches nor prescribing any tests of fellowship. Occa- sional difficulties between churches or ministers have beeo made the subjects of investigation and advice, and every departure from the doctrines held by Baptists has been 276 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. jjidiuptly nitt by cH'oits to correct erroneous views, or by dropping from membership any church embracing or toler- ating heresy. Kume ministers and members of churches, and in a few instances, whole churches have lapsed into "Canipbellism," "open communion," and the like, but no considerable dis-turbance seems to result. The churches of this Association are (perhaps without exception) organized upon the articles of belief known as the "New Hampshire Confession of Faith." Among the instances of departure from the faith may be mentioned Elder H. S. Gordon, who, wiih Pipe Stone and Looney's S])ring churches, in 18.50 wcLtover to the Free Will Baptists ; Elder H. C. Hodges and a part of the Kingcade church, who, in 1852, went into Canipbellism ; Elder G. W. Pricket and the Friendship church (except Brother S. C- Moore) in 1809 did likewise; Elder John S. Brown became a "Latter Day Saint." Others, becoming engro.ssed with the cares of secular pursuits, have become unfruitful, but a kind Providence constantly fills the ranks. Among the questions presented to the Association for dis- cussion at its meeting in 1850 was that of secret societies. The Association advised the churches " to occupy the ground of non-interference." The churches were at that time recom- mended to patronize Sabbath schools, "on the union plan." Later the advice was for each church, when of sutBcient ability, to maintain its own school, and in 1879 a resolution recommending the churches to have nothing whatever to do with the state and county (union) S. S. conventions, was passed, but such was not the sentiment of the churches. In 1850 the Association sent delegates to a missionary meeting at Bethel church in Madison county. 111., with instructions to "oppose the project of the American Bible Union to translate and circulate a new version of the Scriptures." At its last meeting the members voted to endorse the "prohibition" movement. In its missionary work the Association has been in har_ raony with the great denominational enterprises of Ameri. can Baptists, but in the cultivation of the home field it has resorted to co-operation with local organizations; in 1851 with the Nine Mile Domestic Mission Society, the next year with the Baptist Convention of Southern Illinois, but since 1857 with the Baptist General Association of Illinois, which was organized in 1845, sometimes having its own executive board of missions to direct and aid in the work. Elder J. Carroll Harris is the Association's home missionary. At various times in the past thirty years Ministers' and Deacons' Conferences, and local Sunday School Conventions have been established. An organization for Sunday school work is now fully organized in connection with the Associa- tion and with the Baptist State Sunday School Association Bro. W. S. D Smith is at the head of this department, with J. L Primra, jr., assistant for Perry county. Evidently considerable progress has been made by the Baptists of P^rry county. The time has passed by when the entire burden of church work was left to be borne by the ministry. Not only are these public servants belter sus- tained in their work, but the various departments of Chris- tian labor are now filled with active brethren and sisters, whose influence is everywhere manifest. The utility of the Association as an organization adapted to promote the gen- eral prosperity and unity of the churches cannot be ques- tioned. Sixteen of the thirty-eight annual meetings of the Nine Mile Association have been held iu Perry county. To this sketch of the churches and the Association should be added some reference to the biography of individual Baptists. As in secular, so in religious matters, the destiny of an organization is determined by the character and acts of its individual members, as well as by the constitution or creed upon which it is based. Foremost among the pioneer Baptists of Perry county, stands Elder Peter Hagler, the only surviving member of the little band who first constituted the Nine Mile Baptist church. His history has largely been written in the annals of the churches, but a few additional facts will here be set down. Born iu Montgomery county. North Carolina, Sep- tember 1, 1806, he was brought up in the hard labor of a farmer's boy, and limited to few opportunities of education. At the age of thirteen settled in Jackson county, Illinois ; married at the age of twenty, to Francis Keith, daughter of Abner Keith. Eight years afterward he and his wife pro- fessed faith in Christ, and were baptized by Eld. Jeremiah Brown, and united with Ridge church, in Union county, 111. In the spring of 1829 he settled in Perry county, where he has since resided. He was licensed by the Nine JNIile church to preach the Gospel, and some years later ordained at Limestone church, in Union county. Eld. Jeremiah Brown preached the or- dination sermon. With his Bible and hymn book, and a pocket concord- ance, and a heart consecrated to the work of winning the souls of his fellow-men from the ruinous ways of sin, this earnest and devoted servant of God breasted the storms and endured the heat for Christ's sake. In the first thirty years of his ministry he did not miss on an average more than one of his appointments each year, though the dis- tances to some of them were thirty miles or more. It is estimated that three thousand persons have been baptized by him. Besides being instrumental in the conversion of so many souls and their reception into the churches, he has assisted in the organization of many churches, the ordination of about twenty ministers, and served as mod- erator of the Saline and Nine Mile Associations a great many years. His wife, with whom he had lived for half a century, died January 9, 1877. They never had any children, but had raised seven orphans. He is now spend- ing the evening of his life at Du Quohi, 111., with his second companion, the late Mrs. Isabella Hawkins, whom he married November 11, 1877. He was present at the thirty- eighth annual meeting of the Nine Mile Association at Tamaroa October 6, 18.S2. Eld. Pendleton W. Jones, for many years a co-laborer with Eliler Hagler, was born in Bedford county, Tennessee, February 16, 1815; settled in Perry county in the fall of 1.S29; married Rachel Keith, December 11, 1839. He and his wife werre baptized at the same time in the HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 277 fall of 1841. October, 1847, he was licensed to preach, ami in October, 184S, he was ordained, by a presbytery com- posed of Elds. T. J!. Vance aud Kathan Aruett. He was a successful j)astor, serving as such at Galum, Paradise^ Piiickntjville, Fritud.-hip and other churches, and never had a church ditliculty. He, with Eld. Hagler, endured many hardships iu the early years of Perry county, swim- ming swollen streams, and overcoming other obstacles in their mission, among which was the making of support for their families by farm labor. They were at that day per- sonally acquainted with every man iu the C6unty. Bro. Jones is now pastor of the Baptist church at Allendale, Missouri. Eld. Richard G. D.wis was born near Bowling Green, Kentucky, about the beginning of the present century ; learned the printer's trade. When a young man he came to Perry county ; was baptized by Eld. P. Hagler, and re ceived as a member of the Nine Jlile church, by which body he was licensed to preach, and afterwards ordained a min- ister of the Gospel. He was a zealous Baptist, and was blessed in his ministerial work. He served as pastor of the Pipe Stone and other churches. He died June 7, 1851, leaving a widow, who still survives him, and several child- ren, of whom K. M. Davis, of Pinckneyville, is one. Eld. John K. Hutchings was prominently identified w ith the early history of Perry county and of its Baptist churches. He was baptized by P21d. P. Hagler, was ordained by the Nine Mile church, and for several years was very useful iu the Baptist ministry ; was clerk of the Nine Mile Asso- ciation for the first seven years of its existence. He was a man of good education, and taught school fur many years in what is now Beaucoup precinct. He had the honor of selecting the site for the court house at Pinckneyville. In the later years of his life he lost his influence for good. He died June 23, I86i). Eld. Josiah Lemen was born near New Design, Monroe count)-, Illinois, August 1-5, 1794. He was a son of Rev. James and Catharine Lemen, and four of his brothers were also Baptist ministers, all of whom have preached in Perry county. His early education was obtained from a Baptist, minister, named John Clark ; he was by " Father Clark " baptized. May 2, IMl); soon after licensed to preach, and ordained. He located near Du Quoin about 1858 ; was one of the constituent members of the Ebenezer church, and for a time its pastor. He was a warm-hearted man and an ardent advocate of temperance. He died July 11, 1«G7, a member of the Du Quoin church. Eld. David IIuggins was born May 5, 1820, iu St. Clair county, Illinois; professed religion, was baptized and united with the Swanwick Baptist church in 1844, and was or- dained in 184-5. He was one of the original members of the Nine Mile Association. After thirty-two years of faithful service, in which time he served many of the cliiirehes of Perry county as pastor, he dieil at his home iu Washington county, 111., April 2;!, 1;<77. Eld. JonNso>f C. Harris.? was born in Tennessee in April, 1826 ; was count)- treasurer of Perry county iu I8G3. He was afterwards licensed to preach, and rendered faithful -service to the cause of religion in the Nine Mile church, of which he was clerk at the time of his death, March 5,1881. Bro Isaac Eaton was a " pillar in the church " at Galum ; died February 20, 1880, aged seventy-three years, having seen a half-century of Cnristian service. Samuel Eaton, Sr., was a useful member of Galum church, being a licensed minister. Deacons H. H. Strait and H. F. Harapleraan, of Para- dise, Charles Song, of Pinckneyville, and many others equally worthy might here be mentioned did space permit, Bro. Enoch Eaton, Sr., the oldest Baptist in Perry county, was born in Tennessee, September 29, 1803, where he and his excellent wife were both baptized. They settled in what is now calleil Eaton's prairie, in l."<25, kept open house for Baptist meetings and Baptist preachers, and otherwise contributed liberally for the support of the cause, until the death of Sister Eaton, which took place August 4, 187()- "Judge Eaton," as he is called — having been a judge of the county commissioners' court — has been a man of sterling worth and influence- About four years ago he had the misfortune to lose his hearing, and he has been otherwise sorely afflicted, but his mental faculties are still vigorous, and his heart warm in the cause. Eld- David P. French. Probably no man has done more in later years to promote the Baptist cause in Perry county, than this faithful servant of God, whom the in- firmities of life have laid aside from active duties. Eld- French is a native of New Hampshire, and is now about sixty six years of age- Failing health and the lo-ss of voice resulted in the suspension of bis labors over three years ago. As the General Missionary of the Baptist General Association he began his work in this part of southern Illi- nois in l'S67; was moderator of the Nine Mile Association from 1868 to 1879 inclusive ; served the churches at Du Quoin and Tamaroa as pastor a part of the time, and assisted many other churches in protracted meetings. His great attainments and deep piety, together with his long experi- ence in church affairs, rendered him a counselor whose words have been " like apples of gold in pictures of silver." Eld. John Powell. Of those now actively engaged as pastors in this county, we will make special mention of Rev. John Powell, of Du Quoin, who.se venerable years perhaps entitle him to this distinction. Eld. Powell was born in Wales, in 1821 ; came to the United States when eight years of a>»e ; was for some years connected with his brother-in-law. Rev. W. C. Van Meter (who afterwards es- tablished a Baptist mission at Rome, Italy), in the work of Howard Mission in New York city. Eld. Powell has had extensive experience as a teacher, and is active in the Sun- day-school and Temperance work. These are the men and these tlie means which f rod ha3 ordained and we would honor as the instrumentalities for the perpetuation of those principles in religion and morals which Baptists hold to be essential to the best interests of men here and iu the great hereafter. 278 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. BAPTISTS AMONG THE COLORED PEOPLE. The census of 1830 shows that four African slaves were enrolled in Perry county. The condition of that people, as to religious privileges as well as political rights and social standing, has vastly changed since that day. Soon after the war of the rebellion, a large number of colored people from the south found homes in Perry county. In 1865 an effort was made by the Pinckueyville Baptist Church to have a Baptist church organized among them, but the enterprise did not succeed. Various efforts were subsequently made, but no organization or house of worship has yet been secured. Rev. Mark Tolbert and others ha^e been faithful in their efforts to uphold the cau?e. Two were baptized at Pinckuey- ville, in the spring of 1882, by Rev. Major Anderson, and their membership enrolled at Du Quoin. At Du Quoin the cause has been more prosperous. Through the efforts of Elders Jacob Cole (white) and John A. Williams (white)^ Rev. Thomas Reasoner and others, a church was organized in Du Quoin about 1864 or 1865. In 1879 a neat frame house was built at the Locust Grove, between Du Quoin and St. John's, costing about $600. It has since been moved to a lot near the Catholic church. This body, formerly called the " Second Baptist Church of Du Quoin," but lately the "Mount Zion Baptist Church," has many worthy members, of whom several are preachers. Rev. Richard Dement has been pastor of the church from the beginning, except eight months, when Rev. J. H. Barton was pastor. Bro. Barton is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has five or six teachers and a regular attendance of about thirty-five. The church numbers about 125 members and is a part of the Mount Olive Association, which has met with this church two or three times— the last time on Sept. 5, 1882. TLis was an interesting meeting and well attended. Among those who have been prominent in this church may be named Richard Dement, Mark Tolbert, Samuel Barton, deceased, Daniel Jackson, deceased, George Roey, deceased, George Ragland and others, who were the first members; also, Alexander White, Nathan Banks, Nathan Ricks, Major Anderson, Nelson David and others. Green Weaver and Elijah Roey have been clerks of the church. APPENDIX. As a supplement to what has been written concerning the Baptist denomination in Perry county, the following brief statement comprises about all we have been able to gather as to that people calling themselves the " Regular Baptists." So averse do they seem to be to the publication of their own hi-tory that it is impossible to do them the degree of honor we would desire. Among the earlier settlers of Perry county were a number of immigrants from Tennessee, men of sterling integrity and uprightness of character, holding views of the divine char, acter and government which led them to decline fellowship with those who belitvtd in the use of means iu the conver- sion of the unregenerate " We believe in the doctrine of election, and that God's people were chosen in Christ from all eternity," is the sub- stance of a tenet so strongly cherished by them that It was incorporated in the letters of dismission they brought with them from Tennesseee. Inadvertently or otherwise, a num. ber of them became members of the Nine Mile church soon after its organization. Failing to bring the church to their views, they withdrew and organized a separate body, with the name "Nine Mile" Baptist church. Friendly relations seem to have existed between the two bodies, as they for a time occupied the same house. John S. Haggard, Matthew Jones and Thomas Jones were among the original members, and this separate organization took place about 1833, some account of which is given in the foregoing sketch of the Nine Mile Baptist Church. John Harriss, of Paradise Prairie, is their present clerk. Two other organizations were in existence, but both have long since become extinct. One of them, called " Holt's Prairie" church, was situated at the forks of the Benton and Du Quoin roads, about a mile east of Pinckneyville. The grave of Samuel P. Groves marks the spot occupied by the old log church. John Haggard, living near by, was one of the first members. Elders Silas Chrislo and Eli Short were present at the organization. The dates of its organization and dissolution are not known. METHODISM IN PERRY COUNTY. BY MRS. LUCY M. HAMILTON. The earliest account of Methodism to be found in Perry county dates back to the year 1837. In that year a small society was organized at Pinckneyville, by Rev. James H. Dickens (now of Illinois Conference) and Rev. John Van- cleve, presiding elder. This society was composed of Dr. Humphrey B. Jones and Harriet Jones (father and mother of the writer), Isaac Carmack and wife, Benjamin Ham- mack, Sarah Hammack, Aaron Holman, Patsey Holman, Calvin Edwards and Fannie Edwards. Their meetings were held first at the house of Dr. H B. Jones; afterward, for a time, in the court-house; from there the services were removed to the school-house, and thence to the old Temper- ance Hall, which they, as did other denominations, used as a place of worship for a number of years. Their first church was built in the year 1857, under the labors of Rev. G. W. Cullom. It was a plain frame building, 30x40 feet, with a seating capacity for about two hundred. This house served them as a place of worship for about twenty-five years. By this time the old church was too small to accommodate the congregation, and not being centrally located, they deter- mined to build another. In the year 1881, under the super- vision of Rev. W. H. Tyner, the work commenced, and the corner-stone of the new building was laid May 17, 1881 ; but owing to the severe drought in that year the house was not completed until May 21, 1882, when it was dedicated by Rev. C. Nash, presiding elder, assisted by the pastor. Rev. W. H. Tyner and Rev. James H. Dickens. This church is a beautiful brick, 82x52 feet ; will seat from 300 to 400, and cost $3,000. Rev. James H. Dickens, the first Methodist circuit preacher in Perry county, of whom we have any knowledge, remained therein two years (1837-'38), laboring to build up HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 279 and establish Methodism. He traveled on horseback through heat and cold, over a thinly-setlled country, organizing small societies and f.)rming what was known for many years as the Pinckneyville circuit, which we find in 1850 had grown to be a charge of fourteen appointments of the fol- lowing named places : Pinckneyville, Du Quoin, Tamaroa, Six Mile, Greenwoods, Woolley's, Virgeunes (Jackson county). Fallen's, Benson's scliool-house, Johnson's school- house, Anderson's, Miuson's, Jenkins' and Campbell's. Pre-eminent among these appointments were Pinckneyville, Du Quoin and Tamaroa. We find from an old conference journal that a small Methodist society was organized in old Du Quoin in 1845 by Rev. Americus Don Carlos (now of the Illinois Conference), which was a standing appointment for several years. Rev. L. Hawkins was appointed by the Southern Illinois Conference to the city of Du Quoin, then a small village, where he formed a Methodist society. We are iudebled to the Rev. T. N. Johnson for the fol- lowing report of Methodism in Du (^uoin. He says that in 1863 the Rev. T. N. Johnson was appointed to the Du Quoin circuit, that place being one of the appointments. Here he found a few members, with no place of worship, and obtained liberty to use the school house for that purpose. Soon pastor and people saw the need of a church, and the work of build- ing one began, many friends of the cause giving liberally. Mrs. Nancy Woolley, widow of Rev. Benjamin Woolley, donated the site, and the work progressed, notwithstanding the hard times brought on by the war of the rebellion. It is due many of our noble soldiers to say that they gave lib- erally of their hard earned wages. This church was built of brick, 60.x40 feet, seating 300 to 400, and costing between $3,000 and S4,000. It was dedicated in September, 180.5, and still serves as a place of worship for the Methodist peo- ple of Du Quoiu. Du Quoin was made a station in the year 1865, with 72 members, and it has grown to be a station of considerable importance, with a present membership of 105. In 1865 a Methodist society was organized at Tamaroa by Rev- G. W. CuUom, circuit preacher of Pinckneyville circuit. Since that time this society has built a very good frame church. This charge is known as Tamaroa circuit and em- braces several appointments. There are small Methodist societies throughout Perry count}', besides those already mentioned, many of them being quite active and prosperous ; and it is safe to say that Methodism in Perry county is rapidly and surely becoming a prominently established feature. GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH. BY REV J. F. KLICK. There are two congregations in Perry County that belong, to the protestant church as it is represented, by the German Evangelical Synod of North America. One of these is in Pinckneyville, the other in Du Quoin. The one in Pinck- neyville is called, " Evangelical St. Paul's congregation." And this one we will describe first. The Evangelical St Paul's Congregation in Pinckneyville hae property valued at forty-five hundred dollars It consists of two lots, a nice brick church building, a comforta- ble brick parsonage, with school-room under the same roof, and all necessary outbuildings. The church has a steeple, containing two bells, and cost about four hundred dollars- There is seating room for three hundred people. Its history embraces this peculiarity that it was built without one established congregation, or a settled pastor. The Germans wante 1 a church, without being settled in their minds, as to what denomination it should belong. Their first aim, was, to have a German church. Accordingly Evangelicals, Lutherans, Reformed and Methodists built together, and not until the church was finished did the question of ownership arise. The only way to solve this question, was to organize, and accept a coustilution. On this occasion the large majority of Germans were in favor of an Evangelical, that is united Reformed and Lutheran church, and accordingly in the year ]'^72, accepted an Evangelical con.stitution- The beginning of the congregation, dates back to 1855, when the first members among the German emigrants settled in the county. Now the Germans are all church members, but under the first struggles to secure a comfortable home for themselves, the church matter was some what neglected. The German Methodists were the first that held services in town and the surrounding country, that were attended exclusively by Gertnans. Then occasionally, single stand- ing ministers, that is, ministers that belong to no Synod, came around and held services. But as the Methodists have many strange arrangements in their service for the Germans, and the single standing ministers proved to be l>artly infidels, these meetings only served to make the Germans feel the want of a church, as they have it in the old country. Therefore in the year 1868, some Germans began to circulate a subscription list to raise money for a German church in Pinckneyville, the first German church in town, and a considerable amount of money was sub' cribed. With this the present Evangelical St- Paul's church was built, in 1870. When finished it was open to all German services. The first minister that held services was Rev- George Goeringer. He was a member of the 'Mis- souri Lutheran Synod," and therefore too exclusive to do any good here. He was succeeded by the Kev. John Maul, who came at intervals to hold meetings- But as he had a congre- gation of his own, and could not come often, they called "Rev. Albert Zeller," of the German Evangelical Synod of North America He was successful in giving the people a solid foundation, in the form of a constitution. This constitution was adopted in 1872, and subscribed to by thirty-five fami- lits. At this time there was no parsonage, and the minister urged upon the congregation the necessity of building one- They at first held back, knowing that there was still a debt of one thousan<, 1 •"<()>>, the congregation of Da Quoin and the other missions were placed under the care of Rev. Chas. Klocke, who ever since that time has remained continu- ously at this post. At that time Father Klocke was the only resident priest on the Illinois Central railroad, between Cairo and Effing- ham, and his labors extended over a territory, in which there now are eight congregations, each of which has a resi- dent priest. After becoming somewhat acquainted with those amongst whom he was in future to labor, he directed hi^ at- tention towards the spiritual and material condition of his congregation. Before a year had passed, the church had received a plastering, had been provided with seats, and many other necessary fixtures. The present parochial residence was bought in l^^GQ of Mr. Henry Horn, for the sum of six thousand and five hun- dred dollars. It it a neat and substantial building, and will serve its purpose for many years to come. In one of the rooms of the residence a school attended at first by eight children, was commenced by Father Klocke, but as the num- ber of pupils iucreased. the school was removed to a small house that was standing on the same lot as the residence, and had been included iu the six thousand and five hundred dollar purchase. After the removal, the school was placed under the care of Mr. John Masquelet, who remained its teacher for five years. In I'^Tl, the congregation was divided, and two ne>T con- gregations founded, one (St. Bruno's) at Pinckneyville, and the other, (St. Mary Magdalen's,) at Todd's mill, Beaucoup precinct. At Todd's mill a chapel was built, where services are held once a month, by the priest of Pinckneyville. During the same year a brick church (o5x(i>») was begun at Pinckney- ville, which was completed in 1874. It was built under the direction of Rev. Father Klocke at a cost of about eight thousand dollars, and is the handsomest church edifice in Perry county. Pinckneyville remained in charge of Rev. Father Klocke until IS"."', when Rev. Father L. Riesen be- came its rector. Father Riesen remained one year, and was succeeded by Rev. Father II. Ader, who is still there. About sixty families belong to this congregation, which is in a flour- ishing condition. In 1^72 a two-storied school-house was erected in Du (iuoin. Its iliniensions are 40x24. It is an airy spacious building, well constructed, with proper regard for ventilation, etc., and is at |>reseut visited by seventy-four pupils. In 1.S74 forty acres of land was purchased, of which ten were reserved for burying purposes. After these large 36 purchases had been made, there followed a series of complete failures of the crop.s, rendering the members of the congre- gation unable to pay their contributions. In consequence of this the financial condition of the congregation had be- come very distressing. When the distress was the greatest there came a deliverer. Mr. Henry Horn, whose name has already several times appeared on these pages, came for- ward, and generously donated the congregation the hand- some sura of nine thousand dollars. For this generous act the Catholics of the Du Quoin congregation owe Mr. Horn a debt of gratitude that they will never be able to cancel. There are at present (I'S.SJ) over three hundred Catholic families in this county. In 1857 there were thirty. By comparing these two figures any one that will, may see that Catholicism is steadily making slow, but sure progress within the territory of which we are writing. THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. {Randolph and Perry Counties). BY REV. J. C. ELLIOTT. This religious organization was formed May the 26th, 1S.58, by the union of the Associate and the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Churches. The former had its origin iu Scotland in the year 17o-'> ; the latter was largely a product of the American Revolution for Independence. The Associate and the Reformed Presbyterian Churches, having originated in Scotland, their members haled the tyranny of England, and many of them were iu the Ameri- can army fighting side by side for independence. This et a/i'i led to a union of these bodies in 1782. In Randolph and Perry counties there are at present nine representatives of thij church, the oldest of wh ch is at SPRIXGFIELD. It is likewise the oldest congregation of the Presbyterian faith in the State of Illinois, having been organized in the year 1810 by Rev. Samuel Brown of the Associate Reformed Presbytery of Kentucky. The first elders were Archibald Thompson, John Anderson and John Bcatty. The first house of worship was built in the year 1812 by the joint labor of those " who wished a church " It was a double log cabin, lGx32 feet, and stood near what is now known as the Kelley graveyard, about two miles east of Evansville. In this same year the first administration of the ordinance of baptism was administered to forty-four children, among whom was the writer's mother. A second house of worship, a frame building about 30x40 feet, was built in 1823 or '24, and stood on the east side of the present cemetery near Preston, formerly Springfield. Their present commodious brick church was erected in 1841-42 at a cost of about one thousand dollars, and stands on a beautiful ridge in the eastern part of this little village. Besides Rev. Brown, Revs. Samuel Carothers and Alexander Porter preached for the congregation, as occasion permitted, prior to 1826. In this year was installed their first pastor. Rev. John Rey- nolds, who remained with them till 1829. Rev. Samuel C. Baldridge succeeded hira in 1831, and resigned his charge 282 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. in 1836. Rev. Jas. McAuley began his labors here in 1839, and continued them till the spring of 1847, when he re- signed. His successor from 1849 to 1854 was Rev. M. M. BrowD, who was followed from 185.5 to 1866 by Rev J. W. Glenn. Rev. John Todd was installed May 14, 1870, and released April 10, 1872. Their present pastor, Rev. 8. M. Moore, has served the congregation since 1873. It is a noteworthy fact that not a single pastor of this congrega- tion, during its seventy years of existence, has been removed by death. Jordan's grove. This congregation was organized in connexion with the Associate Presbyterian Church of North America in the year 1828. It was known by the name of Unity until 1871, when it was changed to Jordan's Grove. Its first Elders were, Messrs. John McMillan, Moses Thompson and William Rutherford. Rev. James P. Miller, who made a tour of exploration westward through Indiana, Illinois, and into Missouri in the years 1824 and '25, was probably its first minister. The late Rev. James Rodgers, D. D., preached here in. 1830. The first house of worship was a small log cabin; afterwards it was enlarged by a small frame addition to one end. In 1847-'8, a frame church that would seat about one hundred persons was erected. In 1860 they built their present large brick church, 60x45 feet, with a seating capa- city for nearly 500 perjons. It is located about six miles southwest of Maris^^a, in Randolph county. Rev. Thomas S. Kendall labored here about the years 1843 and '4 Rev Byron Porter was pastor from 1851 until 1856 Rev. J. P. Wright accepted a call in the spring of 1861, but returned it in October of the same year. He was succeeded in Oct., 1862, by the Rev. R. N. Fee, who remained until April, 1871, when he resigned. Sept. 1875, to August 1876, Rev. T. B. McKee was pastor. Rev. R. C Hamilton was or- dained and installed in December, 1877, and remained till April, 1879. Their present pastor, Rev. W. J. Gillespie, took charge in December, 1879. The congregation is pros- pering under his eflScient management. It was much weaK- ened in 1870 by the organization of a church at Marissa, which received accessions from its members residing in the vicinity of that place. The present membership of Jordan's Grove is eighty-one. UNION. This congregation was organized May 31, 1830. Rev. John Reynolds preached there first in 1826. Its first elders were, Messrs. Arthur Parks, William McKee, Maxey Mc- Cormick, and James Morrow ; its first trustees, Messrs. Ar- thur Parks, James Morrow and James Baird Their first church edifice-a brick building 60x40 feet— was erected in 1832 for about $1,500 00, and would seat some .300 persons. This house becoming unfit for use, another, 70x40 feet, was erected in 1870-71, about three miles southwest of Sparta, of the same material, costing §3,200. The first church stood in the northern side of Union cemetery. Its first pastor was Rev. Samuel C. Baldridge ; the second. Rev. James McAuley, from 1839 to 1843 ; the third, Rev. Wm. M. Graham, from the summer of 1844 until September, 1847 ; the fcurth. Rev. Samuel McDill, D D., from April, 1849, to the fall of 18.56; the fifth. Rev J. F. Stewart, from April 2, 1857, until 1859, when Sparta became a separate congre- gation, after which he devoted his whole time there. The sixth pastor of Union was Rev. Henry Allen, from Dec, 1860, until May, 1865. Rev. M M. Marling was their seventh pastor, from Feb., 1866, until April, 1870. Their present pastor. Rev. T. P. Proudfit, was installed April 24, 1872. Its present membership is 109. HOPEWELT,. This congregation was organized in 1832 with about thirty five members. The first minister who preached there was Rev. Samuel C. Baldridge. He was their first pastor, from the date of their organization until he left southern Illinois in 1837. In 1840. Rev. Joseph Thompson became their pastor. On account of some diflSculties in the congre- gation, he resigned in the year 1846. In 1847 or '8, Rev. James Morrow began to labor there as a stated supply, and continued until about 18.j2. He was succeeded by Rev. William Wright in 1859, until Nov., 1863. Rev. T. D. Davis began work in Nov., 1864, but was not installed until early in 1865. He remained until the fall of 1867, and was succeeded by the Rev. John E. Richey, July 14, 1868, who continued pastor until his death, Dec 30, 1874. The next pastor was Rev. Wm. L. Garges, from Sept. 6, 1880, until Dec, 1881, when he resigned, leaving the pastorate vacant. The first elders were :— Messrs. David Baldridge, Robert Woodside, James Steele and Hugh Brown. Their first house of worship was built in 1832 on the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 19, town 5 south, range 3 west. It is a frame building (still used), and will seat two hundred persons. During the pastorate of Rev. William Wright, in 1860, they erected a second house of worship in Pinckneyville for the accommodation of members living in that village and vicinity. It was also a frame building and cost about S1300. Since its erection services have been held in each house on alternate days. In 1874 it had one hundred and fifty mem- bers ; and now (in 1882) it has only one hundred and six- teen, and these widely scattered. They have recently sold their house in Pinckneyville, and contemplate building one more centrally located. This congregation was originally a part of Hopewell. In 1840 there were six or eight families residing in this vicinity who held their membership in that congregation. During the pastorate of Rev. Joseph Thompson he frequently preached for them in some of the farm houses in this neigh- borhood, and was the first preacher here. A plain frame church edifice was completed in the year 1850, at a cost of about S500, about a half a mile southeast of Swanwick. In 1873 and '74 it was repaired at a cost of $5.50. This congregation was organized October 12, 1850, by Rev. David McDill, D. D., with twenty members. Messrs. Joseph Craig and John C Huey were its first elders. Messrs. John Clark and Daniel Fullerton were elected soon after its organization. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 283 Itj first Trustees were Messrs. John McMillan, Samuel Huey and John M. Woodside. Rev. James Morrow preached as a supply, for two or three years, as aUo various other minis- ters for short periods. lu May, 18.")!), Rev. Daniel Steele was settled as their first pastor. lie rennined until the be- ginning of the year l.SOt!, when he was released. After two years vacancy, Rev. J. C. Elliott, as theirsecond pastor, be- gan his labor July 1, 1868, but was not installed until the 15th of the following October. He is still, 1882, their pas- tor. There were seventy-five members when he took charge, and now there are one hundred and thirty-eight. It is now the senior pastorate in the U. P. Presbytery of Southern Illinois. As early as 1830, this was a preaching station in connection with Union congregation. A large brick church was completed here in l>4-5 or 'G, costingabout §4200. It had a basement story. Its four basement rooms were in- tended for high school purposes, and one of them was so used for several years until Union Academy was built. A A defective foundation rendered this church unsafe for use, and it was therefore replaced by the jiresent handsome one erected in 1800 at a cost of StiOOO, October 5, IS-VJ, the Presbytery approved of a separate organization in accor. dance with the report of a committee appointed in that be- half. Since then Union and Sparta have existed as distinct congregations. The elders of Sparta at that date, >.. e. 1859, as far as we know, were as follows : Messrs. Aaron M. Allen, John McDill, John Taylor, George Brown, Matthew Gilles- pie, Henry Clendennin, and James A. Foster. Its mem. bership in 1860 was one hundred and seventy. Rev J. F. Stewart resigned his charge of Union in the full of 18-59 and gave all his time to Sparta until October •"), 1S70, when he resigned. The congregation immediately called Rev. W. J. Gillespie, who was installed November 11th following. He resigned the charge May 10, 1871, on account of ill health. He accepted a call the second time August 7, 1872, contin- uing pastor until August 14, 1877. Rev. .1. W. McNary the present pastor, was installed May 14, 1878. The present membership of this church is 373. riiOSl'ERITY, This congregation was organized in May, 1867, by Rev. J. F. Stewart, by direction of Presbytery. The fifty persons entering into this organization were members of the U. P. churches of Sparta and Mud Creek, and the R. P. Church of Coulterville. The first elders were Messrs. Samuel L. Boyd, James Kennedy, Samuel Gibson, John Pinckerton and Gavin Bicket. A commoJious brick church OOxoO feet wa.s erected in 1867, near Tilden, in Randolj)h county, at a cost of a little over $8000, with accomodations for four hun- dred and seventy persons May 1, 180S, Rev. James R. Finney was installed the first pastor. During his pastorate the congregation increased from seventy-four to one hundred aud fifty-five members. He was released iu April, 1873, on account of failing health. November 20, 1873. Rev. J. M. McKitrick became their second pastor, remaining with them until September 6, 1830, when he resigned on account of delicate health. The coagregation was saddened greatly during his pastorate by the death of two of its active elders, viz : Messrs. Stevenson and Aitken. Since Rev. McKitrick's resignation they have been vacant. Its membership as reported to the last (Miy, 1882; General Assembly, was one hundred and sixty-eight COVLTERVILLE. This congregation came into the United Presbyterian Church from the Reformed Presbyterian Ch irch in the year 1S70. The pasior. Rev. W. S. Bralton, four elders, viz. : Messrs. William Munford, D.ivid Munford, James R. McKelvey and James \V. McMillan, and ninety members, came as an organized body, by virtue of the action of the Western Presbytery of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, which accepted a basis for union that had been prepared some years before. A part of the congregation remained in their former connection, and held the church property. This entailed the burdun of erecting a new church edifice on those who had seen fit to change their ecclesiastical connection. iSoon they had a new and beautiful frame church 60x37 feet, built at a cost all told of S4641. It was dedicated July 7, 1871. Rev John McMaster, D. D., of Princeton, In- diana, preached the dedication sermon. Success in erecting this house of worship so speeddy was due to the energy and faithfulness of the first three trustees, viz. : Messrs. John II. McKelvey, Thomas McDill aud James Mark. The congre- gation continued to prosper, until its venerable pastor's death, January 11,1873. He had served them since De- cember, 18.59 and was sincerely lamented. They next called Rev. J. H. Peacock, who was installed pastor Oct 'ber 31, 1873, and continued to act iu that capacity until February 1, 1875, when he was removed by death. A vacancy fol- lowed until Rev. J. II. Gibson was ordained and installed March 13, 1877 Their last report shows a membership of two hundred and eight. This compared with their first report in 1S71, shows a gain of one hundred aud fifteen mem- bers in eleven years. CUTLER. The original name of this congregatign was Concord. It also came from the Reformed Presbyterian Church in 1870, with its pastor. Rev. M. Harshaw, and four elders, viz. : Messrs. Hugh Cooper, David Stevenson, Robert VV. Cun- ningham, D.ivid S. McClure and forty-eight members As at Coulterville so here the old church held the church pro- perty. Rev. Harshaw aud his people however soon secured a piece of ground, and in the summer of 1871 erected near Culler a neat frame church 46x33 feet, at a cost of S1900, with seating room for two hundred persons. August 11th, 1874, their venerable pastor died at the age of sixty-seven, closing a pastorate among them of nearly thirty-two years. This was a very discouraging event in the history of this church. Having made several unsuccessful attempts to secure a pastor, Mr. Tneodore C. McKelvey, a licentiate of our own Presbytery, was ordained and installed September 7, 1880. Finding their house of worship to be inconveni- ently located, they bad it removed in December, 18 81. to the village of Cutler, at an expense of S47o. Their member- ship now numbers seventy-si:v. CHESTER. RANDOLPH CO. ^^HESTER, the county seat of Randolph county, ^^ began its growth as a town in 1829. As Alton ^^^5/^ bounds the American Bottom on the north, so *A|^ ■*; Chester on the south is built where the bluf}' '^'f^*^^ fii'st touches the eastern bank of the Missi-sippi in a distance of one hundred and ten miles. Its location was considered most advantageous in the early days of river navigation, and its founders prophesied that a great and populous city would be built upon its site. It became the seat of county government in 1848. It is now the largest town on the river between St. Louis and Cairo. The vicinity of Chester early attracted the attention of men as a suitable place for building a town. In the early part of the year 1819 a company was organized at Cincinnati, Ohio for the purpose of founding a town on the Mississippi near the mouth of the Kaskaskia. The projected town, it was thought, might become the future metropolis of Illinois. The company was composed of jMajor William Oliver, W. Bart, David Brown, Daniel D. Smith ard some others. Daniel D. Smith, as agent of ti)e company, came to Illinois, and purchased a large tr.Jct of land near the mouth of the Kaska.«kia, above the present city limits, on which to build the future town. It is the same spot where the Southern Illinois Penitentiary has since been built. The next year Benjamin A. Porter, under contract with the proprietors, erected a number of dwellings, and built a steam mill. The town was named Portland. It was likely thought that the new town would draw away the trade of Kaskaskia. The enterprise, however, languished, the town refused to grow, and in a few years a heap of ruins marked the spot which, it was hoped, might have resounded with the stir of commerce and the busy hum of labor. Of the persons connected with this scheme Benjamin A. Porter became the founder of the town of Helena, Arkansas. Daniel D. Smith removed to a more northern part of the State, and became the Recorder of Pike county. While at Edwardsville on a Saturday evening in November, 1824, he was killed by Palmon H. Winchester, then practicing law at Edwardsville. Winchester was acquitted and for many years afterward practiced his profession at Carlinville, Macoupin county. The earliest entry of land on the site of Chester was made by John McFerron who on the thirtieth of September, 1816; purchased from the Government fractional section twenty- five containing upward of forty-seven acres. This is a tri. angular tract, embracing the present depot and ferry land- ing, and extending up the river as far as Hancock street. October the eighth, 1824, McFerron conveyed this land to 284 John Griffith for two hundred dollars, and June twenty- ninth, 1829, for a consideration of twelve dollars, Griffith made conveyance to Thomas Mather and James L. Lamb- The southwest fractional quarter of section twenty-four, running along the river front above Hancock street for more than half a mile, and taking in the site of the court house, was also entered by John JIcFerron. This tract, on the seventh of July, 1829, was deeded to Jacob Mayer of Kas- kaskia. It contained nearly eighty-nine acres, and the price paid for it was two dollars an acre. On the tenth of March, 1830, Mayer, for a consideration of one hundred dollars, conveyed the land to Samuel Smith. From an earl)' date there had been temporary residents on the site of the town. John McFerron, the original patentee of the land, occupied a cabin by the branch near the present railway station, previous to the year 1820. He represented Randolph county as State Senator in the first Legislature that convened after the admission of the State into the Union. To Samuel Smith, however, more than to any one else, belongs the honor of being the founder of Chester. He was born near Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He erected a dwelling, established a ferry, and began the construction of a mill. It is said that he erected his house in the summer of 1829, though the records show that he did not become the owner of the land till the spring of 1830. This house stood on lot three of the original town, on Water street, about mid- way between Wall and Ferry. His wife was a native of Chester, England, having come to Illinois with the Swan- wick family and from this circumstance the name of Chester was bestowed on the new town. He kept a hotel, and ferried passengers across the river in a fiat-boat He was a man of considerable edusation and intelligence and a good surveyor. In a few years he removed to Jack.son county, where he took quite an active part in politics, and was elect- ed county surveyor and to other public positions. He there incurred the enmity of a man named Martin Harrison who, accompanied by his brother iu-law, ]Slanton Brown, the latter's wife and her sister, met him on the road one day within half a mile of his house, and dragging him from the wagon on which he was riding, beat him in a terrible man- ner. A bound boy with Smith at the time ran to tell his wife of the occurrence and she reached the spot to find her husband dead. Brown and the women were confined in the jail at Brownsville, then the county seat of Jackson county, a couple of years, but were finally acquitted of the charge of murder on which they were tried. The firm of Mather, Lamb & Co. were then carrying on a NEW STORE PROPCHry or isaac MERED/rH, Chester , /ll. :s4r RESIDENCE OF W 'T' SCHU C H E RT ^ CH E S T E R ^ I L LI N 01 S . HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MOXROE AXD PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 285 large mercantile business at Kaskaskia- One feature of their operations was the packing of beef and pork, which they sold at Xew Orleaus and other points on the river. Finding some difficulty in reaching the steamboat landing from Kaskaskia, they delermiued to erect a slaughter house and packing establishment where Samuel Smith had already projected the town of Chester. His plan was carried out in November, 18:50. Directly afterward Stacy B. Opdycke, representing the firm of Mather, Lamb & Co., of which he was a member, opened a store in a building on the corner of Water and Wall streets. This was the first store in Chester. In the spring of 1831 Samuel Smith laid off that part of his land below Wall street iuto town lots, and Mather, Lamb & Co. surveyed a few lots above Wall street. In 1630 Rich- ard B. Servant began the manufacture of castor oil. In the year 1831 Setli Allen began business as a cooper. The same year a blacksmith shop was established by Silas Leland. The next s-tore was opened in October, 1833, by Holmes, Swanwick & Co. in a building which the firm erected on lot five of the original town, at the corner of Water and Ferry streets. The building is the one now occupied as a store by Korris C. Crissy. The firm was composed of Joseph B. Holmes, Francis Swanwick, and Gabriel Jones. Among the early residents of Chester were men of no small energy, enterprise, and business ability. The differ, eut members of the firm of Mather, Lamb & Co. were at times residents of the town. Thomas Mather was a native of New England, and a descendant of Cotton Mather. He came to Kaskaskia shortly after 1820. After the firm closed out their stores at Kaskaskia and Chester, which svas about the year 1833, he became a resident of Springfield. He was president of the State Bank of Illinois. He was elected from Kandolph county to the state legislature in 1828, 1832. and ls:;4, serving the first term as representative and tiie last two terms as senator. He died at Springfield. James L. Lamb attended to the pork-packing department of the firm's business. He was a man of bold and speculative mind, and made and lost large amounts of money, but died wealthy. His widow is still a resident of Springfield. Stacy B. Opdycke also died at Springfield. He was a native of New Jersey. The firm of Holmes, .Swanwick & Co. began bu.-iuess in 1833 with a capital of less than two thou.sand dollars, and from the start transacted a business of fifty thousand.dollars a year, to which subsequently a material increase was made. After two or three years Dr. Lewis Morrison became a member of the firm. Their principal store was at Chester, and branches were established at Steclesville, then called Georgetown, Pinckneyville in Perry county, Frankfort in Franklin county, and Brownsville in Jackson county. Cas- tor oil mills were carried on at Chester, Pinckneyville, and Frankfort, and the product shipped by river from Chester. Very little cash was received for goods ; ready money was then scarce. Beeswa.x, deerskins, castor beans, hides, and all kinds of produce were taken in payment for merchandise and were disposed of in all parts of the country, but chiefly New Orleans, St. Louis, or Philadelphia. Sometimes ship- ments were even made to England. At one time a thousand coon skins, costing twenty-five cents each, were shipped to Liverpool, and a dollar a skin realized. Joseph B. Holmes was born in Cumberland county, Pa. On a visit of Thomas Mather to Philadelphia to purchase goods from Barcroft & Co., which then to a great extent supplied the merchants in this part of the country, he inquired of Mr. Barcroft if he knew a capable young man to go with him to Kaskaskia. Holmes was recommended, and reached Kaskaskia about the year 1^28. After coming to Chester in 1833 he carried on the mercantile business nearly till the time of his death in November, 1879. Francis Swanwick was born at Ches- ter, England. He came to Chester as clerk in the store of Mather, Lamb & Co. when it was firsi established. He was in business at Chester till about 1861. He was lieutenant- colonel of the Twenty-second Illinois regiment during the war of the rebellion, and now resides near Oswego, Kansas. Swanwick and Holmes married sisters, the daughters of Gov. Shadrach Bond. Col. Gabriel Jones, who was a member of the firm of Holmes, .Swanwick & Co., was born in Loudon county, Va., in 1790, and in 1810 went to Kentucky, and there married a Miss Ashby, who belonged to the \'irginia family of that name. He was in the Kentucky troops who took part in the war of 1812-14, and was present at the battle of the Thames, in Canada. November, 1817, he came to Randolph county, settling at Steele-sville, where he taught school one winter. From 1825 to 1828 he was farming at Kaskaskia on laud which he rented of Judge Nathaniel Pope. In 1828 he took charge for Mather, Lamb & Co. of a store at Steclesville, one of the first stores established in the county outside of the Americau Bottom. He sold goods about three years at Steclesville, and then was employed in Mather, Lamb i& Co.'s store at Chester. He went to the Black Hawk war in l.s32 as captain of one of the three companies raised in Randolph county, and later in the campaign was elected colonel of the regiment to which his cami)any was attached From October, ls3:{, till the close of the year 1839, he was a member of the firm of Hulmes, Swanwick & Co. He was elected county commissioner iu 1822 and in 183(), and a member of the legislature in 1824 and in 1838. He also served as justice of the peace and deputy United States marshal. He was killed in November, 18G4, in the severe storm which passed over Chester at that time. His house, which was on the spot now occupied by the residence of Capt. C. (". Williams, was completely demolished. Dr. Lewis Morrison was born at Kaskaskia, and was the son of William Jlorrison. He was educated as a physician. His wife was a sister of Francis Swanwick. He wius farm- ing iu Washington county, i)revious to his becoming a mem- ber of the firm of Holmes, Swanwick & Co., and after 1840 was again a resident of Washington county for a number of years, and then returned to Chester and opened a store, which he carried on for some time. On the last day of December, 1840, the firm of Holmes, Swanwick &, Co. dissolve plant a crop, and then erected a mill for the manufacture of oil, and for several years carried on a large and flourishing business. At a period previous to 1840, he had more ready money at hb command than any other citizen of the place. He was a whig in politics, and was appointed receiver of public monies at the land office at Kaskaskia. He after- ward established a conveyancer's office at Chester. He served as a member of the State Senate from 183(5 to 1840. Seth Allen carried on the cooper business for a number of years. For a long time he was Justice of the Ptace. He owned the land on which the court house is built, and deeded it to the county on condition that it should revert to the town of Chester, when no longer used as u ^ite for the public buildings. The names of the Cole's have for many years been hon- orably and conspicuously identified with the history of Chester. Nathan Cole was born in Dntcliers county, New York, in the year 1783. He came to St. Louis in 1621 and engaged in business in that city and iu East St. Louis then known as Illinoistown. He is said to have been the first person to undertake regularly the packing of pork in the Mississippi valley. He came to Cliester in IS;!?, and built the first flouring mill in the place. Adilitional im- provements were made two years afterward, and Mr. Cole began the shipping of flour to the southern markets. He died in 1840 After the death of Nathan Cole, his .ions, Abner and Hernion C. Cole, continued to carry on the mill, and the latter subsequently became the sole pniprietnr. On coming to Chester in 1837, Hermon C. Cule begiui liic mercantile business which he carried on until l'<(>7, when he sold his stock of goods to AVilliam Schuehtrt. He died at Upper Alton, in October, 1874. Previous to his dtatli liis sons had been taken into partnership, and tlioy have since continued the milling and banking business. The earliest physician in Chester, was Dr. Barbee. He came in 1833, a short time after his arrival fell a vi<'tiin to the cholera. The cholera prevailed during the year 1832 and 1833, and again in 1849. The deaths were large in proportion to the population. Dr. Jefferson, a native of Virginia, came in 1834, and for a short time practiced his profession. Dr. M. E. Ferris became a resident of the place in 1835. He died of cholera iu 1849. Dr. Charles Baker began the practice of medicine in 1844, but left soon after. Dr. M W. Millard came from Ohio the same year. He died in 1849. Dr. C T. Jones, a native of Kentucky, from about the year 1843 to 1846, practiced his profession in partnership with Dr. Ferris. He then moved to a firm in the neighborhood of Steelesville, but subsequently returned to Carter and resumad his medical practice. He now lives in St. Ijouis. From 18-50 to 186-5, a number of physicians located at Chester, the must of them remaining but a short time. Among them were Drs. Waggoner, Birton, William Vance, C. J. Childs, G. N. Poston, Oaks, Richard Hopkins and a number of German physicians. The oldest practitioner of medicine now in Chester is Dr. William A. Gordon. He was bom iu Chillicothe, Ohio, and came to the county in 1843, and after practicing his profession at Steelesville, came Vj Chester in the spring of 1848. Dr. John T. Pollock, who w:is born iu the county near Sparta, has practiced medi- cine in Chester since 1857. The other physicians now in the place became residents at more recent periods. The lawyers who made Chester their home in former days are spoken of in the chapter on the bench and bar. ITKMS COSCEESISG TUE EARLY HISTORY OF THE TOWN. The first brick house in Chester was built by Amzi Andrews in the year 1835. It stood near the river. During the flood of 1844, a steamboat, th ■ Bellair, ran against it and demolished it. The same bjat knocked a corner out of Holine-i and Swauwick's mill, then iu process of construc- tion. For the injury to their two buildings Holmes and Swanwic'i recovered S5000 damages. Amzi Andrews came to Ivaska.-ikia and made a number of trips from that place to New Oileans with produce. In 1831 he became a resident of Che.-ter. Oa the 4lh of February, 1834, he was married to Contejit Walker, daughter of Eleazer Walker, and this marriage w:is the first that ever took place in Chester. The ccritmony was performed by Seth Allen, a justice of the peace. Mr. Andrews died in 187G, and his widow is now one of the oldest residouls iu Chester. Horace Francis and Amzi Andrews together built the first stone house in Chester in 1833 It stands on the corner of Water and Pine streets. Amos Emerson began the ooper business about 1833. About the yeir 1837 brilliant expectations were entertained c.meeniiiig the fulurcoF Cliester, and real estate rose to high values. It v.a- thought by many persons that it would bieiiue a jiK.u commercial town, and even that it might rival St. Lmis in importance. Investments were made in t )w u iirojieity by citizens of other places. Lvman Trumball liiae!ui=cJ a "lot on Water street, between Angle and Han- cock, for twelve hundred dollars, which after keeping nearly lorlv years, he sold for two hundred dollars. Along iu the years 1837 and 18JS tlie condition of the river bauk and the need of a good steamboat landing ex- cited the attention of the people. An onliuiuce was passed on the 14tli of April, 1833, which pledged the faith of the corporation to reimburse each citizen who should secure the river bank in front of his own lot. If the revenue for the current year should ba iusuffijieiit, each lot owner should receive a pro rata amount and scrip for the balance, bearing six per cent, interest. Uuder this ordina-jce Eleazer Walker was allow'ed one hundred dollars, Richard B. Servant sixty- three, Horace Fraucij forty-three, Richmond Darwin forty- five, Seth Allen fifty, and Francis Swanwick one hundred and seven. HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MONROE AXD PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 287 In 1839 the Board of Trustees arranged to erect a build- ing twenty-eight feet front by forty deep, to be used as a school house, union meeting house and town house. Mather, Lamb A Co. gave lot five of block nine of their addition to the town as a site for the structure. Its cost exceeded three thou.'and dollars, The building was finished in the summer of 1839, and in September of that year a committee was directed to have the interior plastered provided the cost did not embarass the treasury too much. Peter McCuUoch did theplastering for one hundred and thirty-three dollars. The cost of the building was met by levying a special tax of one- half of one per cent. In 1839 a coramit'eeof the board of trustees reported that a school of thirty pupils could be formed, and a contract was made with O. P. Eaton to teach the school fur two dollars and fifty cents per quarter for each pupil. The Removal of the f'ountij Sent from Ka.ska.skia to Chester was accomplished only after mucb agitation. The great flood of 1844 demonstrated to a great many citizens of the county the unfitness of Kaskaskia as the seat of justice, but it was only after arduous exertions that a majority of the people could be got to vote ;o remove the public buildings to Ches- ter, which was accomplished in 1848. PUBSECJUKST GROWTH. In early days all of Chester was comprised in the space at the foot of the bluffalong the river front. It was some years before it began to expand on the hill. Arazi Andrews, .Seth Allen and Elcaser Walker were among the first to choose the hill as a place of residence. Andrews occupied a log house on the street on w-hich the jail is located. Allen's house was a one-story frame structure on Market street in what is known as Young's addition. It is still standing. Walker's house may still be seen on Spartf street Captain Frank Swanwick occupied it in early years. Walker origi- nally built this house under the hill, but btcoming alarmed by the sliding of the ground on which it was built, by whicii it became twisted on its foundations, he moved it to its present position. Colonel Richard B. Servant in 1838 built the brick residence on Sparta street, above where Dr. Gordon lives. It was consiilered in its day a fine specimen of archi- tecture, and was formerly surrounded by a beautiful garden, plented with flowers, and kept with good taste. Truman E. Andrews in early days lived in a small log house in the rear of the Virginia hotel. These comprised nearly all the houses that had been erected on the hill previous to the year 1847. At that date the site of the court house was a field, and where that flourishing part of the city, known as Beuna Vista, has since been built, was the farm of George W. Stratton. The building of the court house on the hill caused that portion of the town to grow in favor. In 1880 the post ofiice was re.muved to upper Chester. CHESTER IN 18.59. A directory of Chester published in 18.'39 gives the names of one hundred and sixty -one residents of the town. This would give a population at that time of about nine hundred. The first name on the list is that of Amzi Andrews, druggist in partnership with John L. Edwards. Those engaged in the mercantile business at that time were John II. Allmyer, Chirles C. Anderson, Jo.seph Bcare, Frederick Buckman, Hermon C. Cole, Abner B. Cole, Alexander Dunn, James H.Jones, Gabriel S. Jones, Hugh Loughran, John G. Mid" dendorf, and John F. .Schuchert. Grocery stores were kept by Charles Black, David Black.William Brunt,William Bun- gle, William Clieman, E. and A. Phillip, Valentine Bitter, and H. Iv. Stolle. Robert Adams, Enier.-on Gray, Uriah McCullura, Adam Ochs, Henry Rader, John W. Reno and Charles Schrader followed the cooper business. A. A. Anderson was in charge of the Chester hotel, on Water street, one square above the wharf boat. The Buckeye house was kept by John C. McQuiston, the Planter's house, at the corner of Front and Angle streets, by ^\ illiam McBrine, and the Illinois house, opposite th-; wharf boat, by Casper Horn. The lawyers were Thomas G. Allen, James C. Halbrook, Thomas L. ^Morrison, Harvey Nevill and James H. Watt. William Assman, C. J. Childs, William A. Gor- don and A. H. Lieper represented the medical profession. Hugh B. Nisbert was the publisher of the D>mocrut. Joseph r>. Holmes is placed in the pages of the directory as a dealer in real estate. Henry Tackeuberry and Charles Wassell were carrying on the tailor business, and Captian C. C. Wdliams, then as now, was managing the ferry. The bank of Chester had for its cashier, C. Miltenberger. Gahrs and Whitaker, and A. S. Palmer were dealers in furniture Raymond Wheerly had a shop on the hill, near the court house, where be repaired watchfs and clocks and sold jewelry. The marble shop of ^lartin Dillon was down by the river adjoining the dry goods store of J. H. and G. S. Jones. C- I. Haskin was iu the livery business, also down under the hill. Gabriel Jones was the mayor and a justice of the peace. Richard B. Servant also filled the office of magistrate. Horace Francis was street commissioner. The " William Garvin,'' Alexander Ziegler, master, ran as a regular tri-weekly packet between Chester and St. Loni-, leaving Chester every Wednesday, Friday and Sunday morning at seven o'clock. A stage line was then running between Chester and .St. Louis, by way of Sparta, Athens and Belleville, under the management of John M. McCutcheon, of Sparta, who had the contract for carrying the mail. The stage left Chester every week day at two o'clock, reaching Sparta in the evening. Leaving Sparta the next moringat six o,clock, passengers reached St. Louis the evening of the same day. Churches* SCHOOLS. When the old public school-house was erected in 18.58. It was spoken of as " an ornament to the place and a lasting monument to the intelligent spirit of the citizens of Chester." That building was of insignificant pretensions in comparison with the one completed in 1882. The latter is a capacious and handsome structure of brick. Beside the city of Chester the school district includes portions of township seven, range six, and township seven, range seven. In addition to the •.\s the history of the churches are shown in the ecclesiastical chapter it is therefore unnecessary to mention them hero 288 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. central school building there is a school-house in the first ward used by colored children, and one in the third ward used for a piimary school. Eight teachers are employed to ■whom during the year 1882-83 salaries were paid amount- ing to thirty-seven hundred dollars. A Catholic and a Lutheran school are also maintained which are largely attended by the children of those denominations. SECRET AND BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. The oldest secret society in Chester is, Chester lodge. No. 57, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, which came into existence in July, 1850. Randolph Encampment, No. 55, originally established at Sparta in October, 1864, now meets at (.'hestcr. The ^Masonic order, shortly after the Odd Fellows, succeed- ed in securing a foothold. Chester lodge, No. 72, dates from 1851. Servant was the first master, andStaleyand Joues acted respectively as senior and junior wardens. Herman G. Reynolds chapter, No. 84, Royal Arch Masons, was instituted in October, 1865. It first met at Kaskaskia, and was subsequently removed to Chester. Randolph council, No. 44, Royal and Select Masters, was charted in October, 1869, with nine original members. Chester lodge, No. 1708, Knights of Honor, was instituted in September, 1879 with twenty-two charfer members. Jeflerson council. No 648, American Legion of Honor, was organized in 1881, with twenty-six charter members. The Vity Cemetery: — In August, 1843, the city, through Amzi Anders >n and Seth Allen, trustees, purchased one acre and three quarters of laud, on the west side of the Chester and Evan;vil!e road, for a burial ground. The trustees were directed to enclose the ground with a substantial fence, and to lay off lots which were to be sold for five dollars each. This with sub-sequent additions of laud, is the Chester cemeterj'. The first body which here found a resting place, was that of John Bowman, who died on the eleventh of October, 1843. Among the conspicuous features of the cemetery, is a hand- some monument to the memory of Governor Shadrach Bond, erected by the State of Illinois. Governor Bond's remains were removed from Kaskaskia to this place in 1880. The first graveyard in Chester was on the summit of the bluff, above Mugge's mill. Several of the early residents of Chester were buried there. The placs was difficult of access, and con.sequently a new location was selected. The Tornado that swept over Chester on the morning of the ninth of November, 1864, was the most destructive storm with which the town was ever visited. The storm struck the town between one and two o'clock in the morning. Its violence was first felt in the neighborhood of the ferry land- ing, whence it pursued its destructive course over the bluff. The upper works of the ferry boat, the " Henry," were blown completely away, and portions were afterwards found at Coulterville, a distance of twenty eight miles. The smoke- stack was blown up over the hill about a mile. Twenty-two houses were blown down and damaged. Three persons were killed. Col. Gabriel Joues, Chancery I. Haskin and an or- phan girl living with Capt. Anson Morey. A number of the citizens were injured. Sotdhern lUinoU Penitenilary. — The act establishing the Southern Illinois Penitentiary was approved on the twenty- fourth of May, 1877. On the tenth of September, of that year, it was decided to build the penitentiary (a view of which is shown on another page) on a site about a mile above Chester, on the Mississippi river, at the mouth of the Kas- kaskia. In October, 1877, the erection of the first building was commenced. This was a frame dwelling, below the penitentiary, now used as the deputy warden's residence. The same mouth (October) the contract for building a cell- house and warden's-house was awarded to Baltes & Nelson, of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The contract price of these build- ings was ninety-five thousand and four hundred dollars. The construction of a two-story brick building for the con- finement of prisoners was commenced in November, 1877. On the twenty-first of March, 1878, two hundred convicts were received from Joliet, who were set to work on the con- struction of the buildings. Beside the buildings already mentioned, a large chapel, engine-house, tobacco-house, con- vict kitchen, female prison, and laundry, barn and solitary, have been erected, the work baing mostly done by prison labor. The cell-house has room for eight hundred prisoners. Most of the convict labor is let to contractors at a certain amount per day. The Sonihfrn IllinoU Stork anil Affrirultural Association was organized in 1874. The original incorporators were William Hartzell, William McAdam, John T. McBride, William Swanwick, Guilford Warren, C. C. Williams, Wil. Ham A. Gordon, John H. Lindsey, and George H. Tate. The annual fairs have been the most successful in the south- ern part of the State. The association now owns fifty-two acres of land, of which one-half is enclosed. The oflieers in 1882 were: President, William A. Gordon; Vice-Presi- dent, John G. Middendorf; Secretary, William Schuchert; Assistant Secretary, Frederick Bueckman ; Treasurer, Isaac Lahnherr. Maniijiiclures. — One of the earliest manufacturing estab- lishment in Chester, Cole's mill, is still in existence, and forms an important element in the business life of the place. It was establislied by Nathim Cole in 1837. Two years later the mill was enlarged and improved. The mill is now well supplied with new machinery, and his eight run of buhrs and five sets of rolls. Twenty hands are employed. The capacity is four hundred barrels per day. Two principal brands of flour arc made, "F F F — G"' and "Cole's Mill." From the time the mill was first put in operation, the flour has been extensively sold in the South, and the sale of the product is now divided between southern and eastern mar- kets. A large stone warehouse and elevator, near the mill, was built in 1872. The firm is known as H. C. Cole & Co., and is composed of Henry C. Cole, Zachary T. Cole, and Charles B. Cole. A cooper shop, employing thirty hands, and turning out seventy thousand flour barrels each year, beside barrels for other purposes, is also connected with the mill. The Excelsior Mill of August Mugge was started in 1872 in a building near the river in lower Chester formerly occu- pied as a brewery. It has two run of buhrs, and is mostly 288A OPERA HOUSE. Business PKOPZRTY Of JOHN F SCHUCHEftT, CHESTER, lU.. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 289 employed on custom grinding, though some flour is made for shipment. Three hands are employed beside the proprietor, and the mill makes from twenty-five to thirty barrels of flour per day. The Chester Foundry and Machine Shop was placed in operation in 1868 by a stock company of which H. C. Cole> Joseph B. Holmes aod Gabriel S. Jones were the leading members. March, 1869, it was rented to Joseph Baron- owsky, who in 1873 became the possessor of the property. Mr. Baronowsky has since carried on the business. Iron castings of all descriptions are made, and special attention given to the manufaci .re of railings, hot-air furnaces and other kinds of house work. Repairs to all kinds of machin- ery are made. The firm of Grace Brothers carry on the manufacture of carriages, phsetons, buggies and spring w^agons. Richard B. Grace began business in Chester in ISSO in partnership wiih Edmund M. Montroy. The present firm, composed of Richard B. Grace, Michael Grace and John J. Grace, was established in 18'<2 Farm wagons and agricultural implements are made by H. Herslibach -.V Bro., whose shop is lorated in Buena Vista. Henry Hershbach began business in 1872, and the present firm has been in existence since 1876. A specialty is made of the manufacture of the Chester wagon. A Braecher has also a shop for the manufacture of heavy wagons in ISuena Vista. Joseph Poroorski is engaged in the manufacture of farm and spring wagons in lower Ches- ter. He began business in 18 9. Frank Gousman hss carried on a wagon factory in the same part of the town. The wood-work part of the business is now in charge of Fred- erick Moller. The manufacture of iron beam plows has been carried on by Henry Lortz. James Douglas is the proprietor of the Washington Mar- ble Works. He has been engaged in this business longer than any other man in Southern Illinois, having started in St. Louis in 18.5.5, and since 1865 having been established at Chester. He manufactures all kinds of granite and marble work. The Chester Monumental Marble Works are carried on by Edward Howorth and Robert D. Burns. The present 37 firm has been in existence since 1875. From six to eight hands are employed. TOWN ORGANIZATION. The citizens of Chester, on the 10th of February, 1835, met at the house of Thomas Short to decide whether or not to take advantage of an act of the Legislature authorizing the incorporation of the town. Richard B. Servant was elected President, and Joseph B. Holmes, secretary, but there being no person present to administer the oath of office to these gentlemen the meeting was adjourned. On the succeeding twenty-fifth of April a meeting was held at the house of Horace Francis, at which it was decided to incor- porate the town. There were no votes in the negative. From the adoption of town organization the government was in the hands of trustees. The first board of trustees in 1835 were Richard B. Servant, President ; John Paschall, Leonard Stevens, Horace Francis, Stacy B. Opdycke ; Amos Emerson was subsequently elected in place of Op- dycke, and Silas Leland in place of Paschall INCORPORATION AS A CITY. Iq 1855 the Legislature passed an act incorporating Chester as a city. In October, 1855, the board of trustees divided the new city into three wards. The first ward em- braced that part of the city between the Mississippi river and the north side of Buena Vista street ; the second that part between the north side of Buena Vista street and the south side of Church alley ; and the third ward comprised all of the city lying north of the south side of Church alley. The first election under the city charter took place on the 5th of April, 1S56. The Mayor and Aldermen elected at that time were as follows: ISoG — Mayor, Joseph Williamson; -Mdermen — First ward, Richard H. Crittenden, Gabriel S. Jones ; Second ward. Henry Stump, Isaac H. Nelson; Third ward, Alfred Whitaker, Frederick Buckman. As the names of the officers are all a matter of record, we only give the names of the first trustees and the first and last officers under the city government. 1882 — Mayor, William Schuehert, Aldermen — First ward, Xelson R. Crain, E. C. Segar; Second ward, George W. Staley, John Kennedy ; Third ward. Christian Wegner, Isaac Lehuherr. BIOGRAPHIES. JOSEPH B. HOLMES. Perhaps few uames are more familiar to the people of Randolph and adjoining counties than that of Joseph B. Holmes, and certain it is that none are treasured with fonder recollections. He was born in Newville, Pennsylvania, on the 1st day of April, 1809, and came to Kaskaskia, Illinois, in the spring of 1829, to clerk for Mather, Lamb & Co., then doing business at that place. He removed with the firm to Springfield the following year, and remained in their employ until Oct 1st, 1833, having charge of their branch store in Chester during a portion of the time. At the last- named date he associated with Francis Swanwick and Ga- briel Jones, Sr., also clerks in the employ of Mather, Lamb & Co., and formed the co-partnership of Holmes, Swanwick & Co., which for many years was the leading mercantile firm of Southern Illinois. After 1839, Holmes and Swan- wick pursued the business alone, with head-quarters at Chester. They had branch stores at Steele's Mills, in Ran- dolph county ; Brownsville, in Jackson county ; Pinckney- 290 ville, Frankfort, and Old Du Quoin. In addition to all this, they operated several castor-oil mills, and handled the produce of the greater portion of the territory from the Wabash to the Mississippi. The firm was never dissolved, but ceased to do business prior to the rebellion. Mr. Holmes engaged in active business until his death on November 7, 1879, and at one time was one of the most extensive land- holders in Randolph county. He was married at Kaskaskia on the first day of ^larch, 1838, to Miss Mary Bond, second daughter of Gov. Shadrach Bond, with whom he lived happily until her death, a year before his own, July 19th, 1878. He left surviving five sons and two daughters. He never held any public office save that of Mayor of the City of Chester, which he filled from 1865 to 1873. He established a reputation during life among his fellow-men for unquestioned integrity of character and high moral worth. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 291 Ju'lU^_^ LM, when he came to Chester. He followed merchandizing, and amassed considerable property. He is a very earnest and active member of the Episcopal Church, and gave largely of his time and means, to enhance its wel- fare. His unquestioned integrity of character, his goodness of heart, and life, endeared him to all. 292 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. (3-A^^ cy/i f^^'^ William Schuchert, of Chester, is one of the enterpris- ing business men of Randolph county. He first took up his residence in Chester in 1848, and has been in business for himself since 1867. His native place is Ottendorf, Hanover, Germany, — here he was born Sept. 28th, 1832. His educa- tion was obtained in the public schools of his native town. When si.xteen years of age he was brought by his father to America, and for a time was left at New Orleans, whilst his father made his way to Chester, where he afterwards joined him. In 1849 he returned to Germany for his brother John F., having saved sufficient out of his wages of |10 per month to nialse the trip. He returned, arriving in Chester in Nov. 1849. In 18.52, he went to California, returning in 1858. For a time after his return he clerked, then became propri- etor of a store, in which bu.siness he has since remained. He was married to Louami F. Castellow in April, 1860. The Castellows were originally South Carolinians, and came hither via Tennessee. Mr. Schuchert was elected Mayor of Chester in April, 1881, the duties of which office he is dis- charging with great credit to himself and adopted city. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 293 eiP^ Few men work more earnestly fur the general prosperity of towns of their adoption than J. F. Schuchert. Born in Germany, Feb. 3d, 18:>7, — the year 184.H finds him a resident of this country, whither he was brought by an elder brother. He obtained a good common-school education, and for several years clerked in stores of various kinds for different peo|)le. His first experience for himself, independent of the counsel of others, was as a retail grocer, then in general merchan- dizing. For two years he followed wholesaling in groceries at St. Genevieve ; then, in 1S77, returned to Chester. He is the proprietor, as he was the projector, of the elegant 0])era House elsewhere shown in this work, and is the owner of several buildings used for various purposes. He was first married to Elizabeth Hoppe, February 15, 185G. She died May G, 18G'2, and on the 18th of March, 18G3, he was mar- ried to his present wife, Saletha Ford. Mr. Schuchert is a man of enterprise, push, and ambition. Any mooted im- provement in his city finds in him a friend and abettor. Ready as ho is with voice and purse to aid any good under- taking, he is popular with his fellow-citizens. 294 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. /^^/dJt^ydy^ Was born in Churchville, Pictou county, Nova Scotia, February 15, 1844. He is justly proud of his ancestry. His grandfather, Alexander, a highly educated man, came from Scotland to Nova Scotia, where even to this day a common quotation with the people is "As Deacon Macken- zie said." He could not, in his American home, give his sons like advantages he possessed in the old country although the best possible part was done by them. Alex ander, jr., the father of the subject of this sketch, now eighty-four years of age, still lives in the old homestead Around him, the farthest not more than seven miles distant, are his four married daughters, Margaret, Nellie, Elizabeth and Isabelle Ann. Of the five sons, Alexander is a drug gist in Chester. John, a valiant soldier, was killed in the battle of Fort Donelson. Daniel, who was first a Lieuten- ant, then Captain of Co. D, 80th Regt., 111. Vol., died in Fredericksburg from disease contracted in the army. Thomas died in New Brunswick. Kenneth died in Nevada and the doctor is practicing in Chester. The maiden name of Alexander's wife was Elizabeth Macmillan, a daughter of William Macmillan who was pressed into the British service during the war of 1812. Dr. Wm. R. Mackenzie came to the United States, landing in Boston in 1865. He had prior to this taught in the home school. From Boston he went out on a fishing expedition, full of adventure and incident, returned to Boston and thence to Sparta, Illinois, in 1867. Here he studied medicine and recited iu Greek and Latin with Rev. Stuart. He graduated from the Medical Department Michigan University in March, 1870. He at once com- menced the practice of his profession in Ann A.rbor, Mich., with his preceptor, Chajjin, where he remained but a short time, returning to Sparta, then to Kaskaskia and in 1875 to Chester, where he has since resided. On the 17th of May, 1875, he was married to Miss Nellie M. Gordon, daughter of Dr. Wm. A. Gordon, one of the oldest and most popular physicians of Randolph county. Two children bless this union. William A., born Novem- ber 22d, 1877, and Robert, June 3d, 1882. The doctor is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows organizations, of the Knights Templar, CyreneCommandery No 23, Centralia. He is an earnest, active, Republican. As a physician he takes high rank in his profession: as a citizen he is eminently social. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 295 -y-^^-HyO^^^ Was born ia Central Precinct, four miles west of Sparta, Randolph county, April 24tli, 185S. After attending the district school several years, he entered the Sparta High School in 1873, from which institution he graduated in lx~'), in a class of eight — the first class graduated from that school. He was chosen the first President of the Alumni. In 187G he entered Bryant it Stratton's Commercial College of St. Louis, where he remained but a short time, being called home to enter his father's office, that of Sherifl', a.s clerk. The day he reached his majority his father surprised him with the appointment of Deputy Sheriff. He was ma-- ried to Miss Catharine Dauer, daughter of John and Mar- garet Dauer, April 29th, 1880. She died August 28, 1881, leaving a child to survive her, little Rosa. In 1880, although but twenty-two years of age, Mr. Ger- lach was elected Sheriff of Randolph county, on the Repub- licn ticket. He was at the time the youngest man elected in Illinois to so responsible a position, and is believed to have been the youngest Sheriff in the United States. The duties of the office he discharged with signal ability. The nomination was made in convention by acclamation The democrats nominated one of the best and most popular citi- zens of the county, John L. Taggart The contest was most e.xciting, and resulted in his election by 71 majority. At present, Mr. Gerlach is a committee clerk in attend- ance upon the Legislation of the State. He is well (lualificd to fill any position of public trust, possessing as he does en- ergy, pluck and earnestness. Courteous and generous he has hosts of friends. 296 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. K^^^^^/yfT^^^^^^ Welcomed to America's shores are representatives of every nationality. The Emerald Isle has furnished many thousands who have contributed no little to her prosperity. Almost every community numbers sons of Erin among its population. No better representative can be found in Ches- ter than he whose name \ifA% this article, and whose portrait graces this page. He was born in county Galway, November 15, 1837. He was the son of Philip and Mar- garet Devine; his mother's maiden name was Redington. Mr. Devine came to America, landing in New York city February 20, 1854 ; remained a few months in the city with friends, then went to Richland county, Wisconsin. In the spring of 1857 he went to St. Louis, and for about a year followed the river between that city and New Orleans. In 1858 clerked for Hugh Dolau, in the liquor industry ; after a few months, returned again to the river, and remained in this employ until after the battle of Pittsburg Landing ; thence to Cairo, where he obtained a position as clerk in a boat store. Here he was married to Julia Woodward, of Clinton, Kentucky. In 1869 he moved to Grand Tower, where he went into the ice trade, which industry he has since successfully followed. His wife died Sept. 4, 1874, and on Feb. 23, 1876, he was married to his present wife, Ida Jones. In 1876 he was elected coronor of Jackson county ; in 1879 moved to Chester, where he has since resided. :o6A ,; / |-^Tjt::4l:-i f- r-' RESIDEMCEOF Mif M. C. D£. »OUSS£, CMESTCK ILLINOIS, KESIDENci Of M" F i'h^ ^-il ^'^csTeh HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 297 Almost -two eenturies ago (lfiS6) the first family of the name Derousse came from France to settle in Kaskaskia. Their descendants have accomplished much in behalf of the old lown,each generation of their numher furnishing some representative men. The subject of this sketch whose por- trait heads this article, was the son of Pierre K. Derousse, Louis was born in Kaskaskia, August 28th, 1816. At six- teen he was bound ivs an apprentice to the cabinet making business, and worked at that business till he was twenty-one. In November, 1842 he was married to Elizabeth Ungerwho died in February, 18>si. She was a Brown, and like himself this is her third marriage. Her first husband having been A. V. Burk and her second James Givin, bjlh highly esteemed and early settlers of Randolph County. Mr. McBride has been a steadfast Democrat in p')litics, and has always taken an active interest in pal)lic affairs. His honesty and integrity of character together with a general disposition to make himself useful, by being a live active worker in every thing to advance the interest, and promote the prosperity of his county and section, and his frank, jovial manner, with his friends form the basis of his popu- larity. He is a man who never bstrayeJ a trust ; he has been faithful to the interests of the county, to his party and evcrv confidence reposed iu him. Anil although generous to a fault, he has by his industry and perseverance, acquired a good competency, and is to day one of the substantial citizen of the ojiity, occupying a worth V place, among those iu the front rank who are enjoy- ing the highest marks of populiar esteem. MATLACK AND WASSELL Are the publishers and editors of that recognized leader among Republican journals of southern Illinois, the Chester Trilninc. They are both young, energetic, determined men. J. B. Matlack was born in the city of St. Louis, Mo., June 7, l."<47. His parents were William L. and Harriet A. Matlack, the one a native of New Jersey, the other of Ma- ryland. When sixteen years of age Mr. Matlack entered the office of the the " Star of the West," at Sparta, to learn the printer's art ; thence to Chester, where he engaged on the " Picket Guard " as a typo ; then to the " Clarion " office, where he worked off the first copy of that paper. Next to Belleville as assistant foreman in the " Advocate" office, when patent outsides were issued therefrom. The business management of the Nashville Journal was intrust- ed to him in l'^7(). This paper he bought in 1872; sold out to Wassell Brothers, and went into the State Auditor's office, Springfield, 111., iu 1«76. In 1««1 he bought the "Tribune," in connection with Wassell. He was married to Emily Wassell of Chester, October IS, 1.S69; by her he has two children living, one dead. James F. Wassell is a native of Chester, where he was born May 10. 18.")t!. Charles Wassell, his father, is a mer- chant tailor of tiiis city. James learned the printer's trade in the home offices. In various capacities he has been con" nected with the Nashville Journal, (of which he became part proprietor in 187(>),and a paper in Petersburg, Menard countv. where he was foreman In 1880 he returned to his home, and in l'S81 became associated with Mr Matlack in the management of the Tribune. They are making a fine succe-«s of their paper, possessed as they are of thorough practical knowledge acquired by long experience in the work, and of a familiarity with the expectations of the reading public in a paper's make-up It is fast becoming a recognized power iu behalf of Repub- licanism throu'jhout southern Illinois. WARKI.N N. WILSON. The ranks of the legal profession are largely recruited from among farmers' ambitious sons. Such an one was Warren N. Wilson. He was born February > Sebastian Rasle was the priest, and he was succeeded by James Gravier. The latter was ardent and enthusiastic in his work. He reduced the language of the Illinois Indians to grammatical rules, and made many con- verts among the savages to the Christian faith. The journal of Gravier, written in the years 1693 and 1694, shows that the mission, at that period, was still located on the l)anks of the Illinois. Fathers Bineteau, Piuet and Gabriel Marcst labored there as missionaries in 1699. Letters and journals written in 1699 and 17l»il indicate that u|) to the latter year the mission retained its original site. Its removal to where the town of Kaskaskia now stands, likely, took place in the autumn of the year 1700, when the Kaskaskia Indians, to escape the ravages of their powerful and warlike enemies, the Iroquois, journeyed to the South and founded their vil- lage near the mouth of the river to which they gave their name. For the first years of its existence Kaskaskia obtains little note except as a mission station. Its history is chiefly drawn from the parish records, now in the keeping of the bishop of the dioce-se, and the letters and journals of the early priests Its population was increased by the arrival of hardy French voyageurs from Canada and adventurous immigrants direct from France. Marriages between the French and Indians were frequent. Marest was joined in 1707 by Father Merniet, who had previously labored as a missionary at the great village of the Peorias. Mermet, whose health was feeble, remained at the village for the in- struction of the Indians ; while Marest, who describes him- self as "so constituted that I can run on the snow with the rapidity with which a paddle is worked in a canoe, and who have, thanks to God, the strength necessary to endure all these toils, " roamed through the forest with the rest of the Indians, who spent a great part of their time in the chase- " Our life," he writes, " is spent in roaming through thick woods, in clambering over hills, in paddling the canoe across lakes and rivers, to catch a poor savage who flies from us, and whom we can tame neither by teachings or caresses." The labors of these missionaries are not without their fruits. In 1820 the Illinois Indians are spoken of as nearly all Christians. They cultivated the ground iu their own way, and under the influence of religion had become indus- trious, raising poultry and live stock to sell to the French. The women were adroit, weaving of buffalo-hair a fineglos-ty stuff, which they dyed of various colors and worked into dresses for themselves, manufacturing a fine thread with great ingenuity. A parish was regularly formed in 1719, of which in 1720 Father Nicholas Ignatius de Beaubois had charge. Separate missions were established. One " about half a league above Old Fort Chartres, within gun-shot of the river," was under the direction of Father Joseph Ig- natius le Boulanger, who is spoken of as a man of great missionary tact and wonderful skill in languages. His Illi- nois catechism and instructions in the same dialect for hear- ing mass and approaching the sacraments, were considered by other missionaries as master-pieces, and, for their benefit, were literally translated into the French language. Boul- anger, in 1721, was assisted by Father de Kreben. Another Kaskaskia village was six miles inland from the Mississippi, and of this Father John Charles Guj'monneau, who, it ap- pears, was the leading authority of the church in Illinois, had charge. On the organization of Louisiana as a colony, Illinois became subject to its government, and the superior of the Jesuits at New Orleans had the superintendence of the Illinois mission. The first military occupation of the village was late in the year 1718, when Pierre Du/jue Boisbriant, commandant at the Illinois, arrived witli a detachment of troops. He did 304 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. uot, however, long make the place his residence. iSelecting a site for a military pest on the bank of the Mississippi, six- teen miles above Kaskaskia, he set his men industriously to work, and by the spring of 1720 had completed Fort Char- tres, which thenceforth was the residence of the commandant and the centre of military authority. About 1718 the vil- lage sprang into new life, and the arrivals from France and Canada were numerous. In 1721 a monastery and college were established by the Jtsuits In 1725 Kaskafkia became an incorporated town, and Louis XV, the French king, made a grant of commons to the inhabitants. THE PARISH RECORDS. During this period the records speak of baptisms, wedt dings and deaths, and thus some idea is obtained of the social life of the place and the names of its principal citizens. In theearly baptisms it is noticeable that the names of the women are mostly Indian, though oecasioDally both parents are French. On the register in 1720, apptar the signature of Le Sieur Pierre D'Artaguiette and Le Sieur Sirardot the former captain, and the latter, ensign of a company of troops, both godfathers at baptisms. D'Artaguiette was the gallant young French officer who subsequently became ccnimandant at the Illinois, and in 1736, led an expedition against the Chickasaws, which resulted in his capture by the enemy and his death at the stake. In 1721, the register is signed by Le Sieur Nicholas Michel Chassin, ccmmissary of the Company of the West, in the country of the Illinois, and Le Sieur Phillippe de la Renaudiere, director of mines for the same company, both leadirg men in the colony. The rites of the church fre- quently sokmnize marriages between Frenchmen and Indian women. The wedding of a native of Brittany with Anne, a female sa\age of the Nachitoches tribe, in 1724, is wit nessed by Giiardot and other citizens, and in 1726, the mar- riage of Jacques Hyacinthe, of the Pawnee nation, and Therese, a freed savage woman of the Padoucah tribe, is celebrated. In 172.5 two Indian chiefs, one the head of the Tamaroa tribe, make their marks as witnesses of the mar- riage of a Frenchman with a German woman. The names ot the witnesses to the mariiage of Joseph Lorrinand Marie Phiilipe, on the twentieth of October, 1727, shows that it was one of the notable social events of the day. The Chevalier Vinsenne, commandant of the port on the Wabash, where the city of Vincennes now stands, and one of his officers, St. Angefils, made their toilsonje journey by river and through forrest, to sign their names ou the regis- ter and to dance at the wedding. A long entry ou the seventh of January, 1748, tells of the wedding of Monsieur Joseph Buchet, " Principal Secretary of the Marine, Sub- delegate of Monsieur the Commissary Ordonnateur and Judge at the Illinois," once a widower, and Marie Louis Michel, twice a widow. The ceremony is performed by the Reverend Father Guyenne, Superior of the Missions of the company of Jesus, in Illinois. The Chevalier deBertel, major comraandiog for the King at Fort Chartres, and Benoi^t de St. Clair, captain commanding at Kaskaskia, are among those who sign their names as witnesses. Afterward follows the wedding of the daughter of Sieur Leo- nard Billeri)nt, royal notary at the Illinois, with the son of Charles Vallee. The last name will be recognized as that of a family conspicuous in the early history of Kaskaskia, representations of which may still be found throughout the Mississippi valley. In April, 1873, occurs the marriage of Phiilipe Francois de Rastel, Chevalier de Rocheblave, to Michel Marie Dufresne. daughter of Jacques Michel Du- fresne, officer of Militia. This Rocheblave became became commandant of the Illinois, after the cession of the country to Great Britain, and was the last British Governor. In July, 1778, he was taken prisoner at Fort [Gage, by George Rogers Clark, who took possession of the Port in the name of the Thirteen American Colonies, then engaged in their struggle for independence from the British crown. Although the Kaskaskia Indians and others were friendly, there is evidence that depridatious were frequently commit- ted by members of hostile tribes. An entry on the parish register in 1722, reads as follows: The news has come here this day of the death of Alexis Blaye and Laurent Bran- sart, who were slain upon the Mississippi by the Chicka- saws." Immediately afterward comes a statement that ou the twenty-second ot June of the same year was celebrated in the pari.^h church at Kaskaskia, a solemn service for the repose of the soul of the lady Michelle Chauviu, wife of Jacques Nepven, mt rchant of Montreal, aged about forty-five years, and of Jean Michelle Nepven, aged twenty years, and of Elizabeth Nepven, aged thirteen years, and Susanne Nep- ven, eight years, her children. They were slain by the savages from five to seven leagues from the Wabash. THE EARLY FRENCH SETTLKRS in Kaskaskia, included Bazyl Lachapelle, Michael De Rousse, Baptiste' Montreal Boucher De Mon brun, Charles Danie, Francis Charlesville, Autoine Bienvenu, Louis Buyal, Alexis Doza, Joseph Paget, Prix Pagi, Michael Antoyen, Laiiglois De Lisle, and families by the name of La Deroutteand Noval. Bazyl Lachapelle came from Canada in company with eleven brothers, but he alone remained permanently in Kas- kaskia. Antoine, Louis and Baptiste were his sons. Mich- ael De Rousse was the ancestor of the most numerous French family in Illinois. In France the home of the family was the village of St. Pierre, and frohi this circumstance its early members in Illinois were called St. Pierre De Rousse. Michael DeRousse was the father of Michael, Joseph, Phillip, Jerome and De Bordeau, each of whom left descendants. Jean Baptiste St. Gemme, called Beauvais, from the fact that the family came from Beauvais in France, became a resident of the village about 1750. Capt. Pitman, in 1766, speaks of him as the wealthiest citizen. He purchased the property of the Jesuits on its sale under the decree for the suppression of the order. He kept eighty slaves, and fur- nished eighty -six thousand pounds of flour "to the King's magazine," which was only part of his harvest for one year. He left six sons, Raphael, Antoiue, Charles, Joseph, Vitol and Baptiste. Raphael and Charles became citizens of Louisiana, and Antoine of Arkansas. Vitol and Baptists 304A HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUXTIES, ILLINOIS. ;iO-) were among the early French settlers of St. Genevieve, and left numerous desfendents in that part of Missouri. Raph- ael St. Gemme took part in the defense of Fort Duquesne, and was among the French force which defeated Gen. Brad dock in 17.55. Baptists Montreal came from Canada, and was a man of industrious and quiet disposition. Boucher de Montbrun became one of the prominent citizens of Kas- kaskia. His wife, who belonged to the Lauglois family, was a woman of much beauty and respectability. Charles Danie was a quiet farmer. The earliest grant of land of which there is any record was made to him on the tenth of May, 1722. Francois Charlesville was among the early ar- riva s in the village from Canada. He engaged iu the river trade to New Orleans, and by his industry, shrewdness and energy amassed a considerable fortune. His four sons were Francois, Baptists, Charles and Louis. Autoine Bienvenu reached the village from France by way of New Orleans, and brought with him abundant means, Kaskaskia in 176(5 is spoken of by Capt. Pitman of the British array, " as by far the most considerable settlement in the country of Illinois, as well from the number of inhabi- tants as from its advantageous situation." The water-mill bult by Monsieur Paget, on the site of the present Reiley's mill was in use at that time both for grinding corn and sawing boards. The principal buildings in town were the church and Jesuits house to which a small chapel was at tached. These were built of stone, as were some of the other houses in the village," and in the opinion of the writer made a good appearance, " considering this part of the world." The Jesuits plantation contained two hundred and forty arpents of land, well stocked with cattle, and with abrewery . Tbis property was sold for the crown by the French com- mandant, after the country had been ceded to the English under the decree for the suppression of the order of the Jesuits. The population of the village, in 17()li,is placed at sixty-five families, " besides merchants, other casual people and slaves." The cession of Illinois to Great Britain deprived Kaskas- kia of many of its wealthy citizens. Some removed to St. Genevieve, and others joined in founding St. Louis. It is supposed that one-third of the inhabitants left the village. These removals took i)lace about 1765, at which time the British troops took possession of Fort Chartres. The terri- tory had been ceded three years previous, but the fact for some time was not generally known. By taking up their residence west of the Mississippi, these people sup|)osed they could remain under the French Government though, in fact, by a secret treaty made in 1762, the country west of the river had been cede>09 to 1818. It was the county seat of Randolph county from 1795 to 1848. The first newspaper was estab- lished here in 1809, by Matthew Duncan. After the time of Morri.son, one of the leading mercantile firms was that of Menard &. Valle, composed of Pierre Menard and Jean Baptiste Valle. They began business about 1824 They also carried on a store at St. Genevieve, where Valle lived. Their trade was chiefly with the Dela. ware, Shawnee, and Peoria tribes of Indians in Missouri and Arkansas. They owned part of the stock of the American Fur Company. They sold guns, ammunition, strouds, and other articles of Indian use, and received in exchange fura and peltries. Their trade was remunerative, and out of it they were said to have made half a million of dollars. Mather, Lamb & Co. carried on business at the same time with Menard & Valle. This firm had for its members Thomas Mather, Stacy B. Opdycke, James L. Lamb, and Edmund Roberts. A branch of their business was estab- lished at Chester on the commencement of the growth of that place, and the members of the firm subsequently be- came residents of Springfield. Hugh H. Maxwell also had a store during the same period. He was a native of Ire- land, and a man of some education. He married Mary O- Menard, a daughter of Pierre Menard, in the year 1><11. He did ui 1832. His widow survived him thirty years. In more recent years George W. Staley was one of the mer- chants of the place. His store was burned down. William and J. P. Lakeuan were engaged in the mercantile business before 1><44, and removed to Chester. Thomas Short was another merchant. Gustavus Pape, who now has the only store in the place, has been in business for many years. Among the physicians in former days was Dr Josiah P. Betts. He was successful in his practice. Soon after Chi- cago began its growth he went there, but returned t^) Kas- kaskia about the year 1S44, and a few years subsequently died. Dr. Thomas M. Hope became a resident of the place about 1836. He married a daughter of Judge Nathaniel Pope, and removed to Alton Dr. James Burch, previous to his death in 187'<. had practiced his profession at Kas- kaskia for many years. In 1844, before the flood of that year, the town was more than twice as large as now. The population, by the census of 1880, was three hundred and fifty. It is now not more than two thirds of that. The washing away of the neck of land separating the Mississippi and Kaskaskia rivers, in 308 HISTORY OF BANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS April, 1881, placed the town on an island, and took away a considerable portion of its trade. The bank of the Mis- sissippi was once three miles distant. The river has gradually crept to within a mile of the village, and further encroachments are feared. Some of the pld buildings still remain. On Chartres street is the old hotel, a large build- ing with porch fronting the street, and a spacious room in- side in which balls and parties used to make gay the social life of the village. In the dining room La'ayette sat down to a bounteous collation in 182.5. Farther up Chartres street, on the corner of Poplar, is the brick building in which the Bank of Kaskaskia, chartered by the legislature in 1817, transacted business. Its walls are now leaning and threatened with destruction. It was originally built for a dwelling, and it was once the residence of Elias Kent Kane It was used for a time, also, as the United States land office, which afterward transferred its location to a frame building across the street. The old state hou.se, in which the territorial and state legislatures held their sessions, stood on the north side of Elm street, the second block above the residence of William Morrison. It was a store building. The legislature is also said to have met in the second story of the building now occupied by Pape's store. This is one of the oldest build, ings that have survived from ancient times. The old county court house has been rebuilt, and presents a modern appear- ance It is used as the public school building. A brick house on Elm street, above the site of the state house, is one of the oldest buildings still in existence. It was once the residence of Mr. Ayrondale, magistrate and register of the land office. • In a stone house eas-t of the old convent site an Indian chief, Louis Duquoin, lived many years. On his death he was buried in the Catholic grave yard. Raphae' Widen, a clerk for Menard k Valle, and a justice of the peace, also lived and died in this house. In place of the log mission chapel built on the establi.-h- ment of the mission, a stone church was erected as early as 1720 at the expense of the French government. This was replaced in 1774 by another structure, which was taken down in 1801 on account of a fissure in its walls. The next church building stood till 1838, when it was likewise demol- ished. The present church was built in 1843. In it hangs the old bell, cast at Rochelle in France in the year 1741, and sent to Louis Buyat, by him to be given to the infant church in America. It was the first church bell that ever rang west of the Allegheny mountains. The Convent of the Ladies of Visitation was established at Kaskaskia in May, 1^83, by a colony from the parent house at Georgetown, District of Columbia. . With it was connected Menard Academy, patronized with much zeal and benevolence by Pierre Menard. A large building was erected for the accommodation of its inmates. It was opened for pupils in 1836. During the kvi years of its ex- istence it enjoyed a high reputation. The flood of 1844 compelled an abandonment of the institution. Two attempts have been made to bridge the Kaskaskia. The first bridge was built about the year 1824 by William Morrison It was constructed of trestle work, and after beii g used a year or tw o, fell to the water. The second bridge was erected by the Kaskaskia Bridge Company, whose capital stock was twenty thousand dollars, of which the county sub- scribed one fourth. Work was commenced on the structure in 184U. It consisted of three spans, and on the west side was to be a drawbridge The plan on which it was built was deficient, and in May, 1843, before it was opened for general u.se, it fell by its own weight. A ferry has been maintained across the Kaskaskia from an early date in the history of the town. The franchise was formerly owned by Pierre Menard, and it is now in the possession of his son Edmond Menard. The old records of the town have been destroyed. For about thirty-five years no officers were elected under the charter. In 1871 it was resolved to revive the town govern- ment, and Julien Chenu, the only surviving member of the old board of trustees, made appointments to fill vacancies in the board. On the 24th of May, 1873, the citizens voted to incorporate as a village under the general law. To the town of Kaskaskia belongs the Commons, com- prising nine thousand acres of rich land in the point between the Kaskaskia and Mississippi rivt rs. About seven thousand acres is capable of cultivation. Three thousand acres are now under lease, and furnish a liberal income to the village for school and church purposes. Under the old management all the inhabitants had equal access to the Commons for pasturage and fuel. By an act of the legislature passed in 1854, the citizens were authorized to elect five trustees every two years, who should exercise charge of the Comtuous, lease portions thereof, and apply the proceeds to church and school purposes only. The first trustees to serve under this act were Savinien St. Vrain, Edmond Menard, Dennis Kav- •anaugh, Joseph Baronowski, and Adam Feaman. The Common Field was also originally owned jointly by the vil- lagers, though each resident was assigned an individual por- tion. The United States commissioners, in 1809, determined the rights of each citizen, and the lots have since been held in fee simple. The business interests are now represented by Gustavus Pape as general merchant and postmaster. Donatus Beiter deals in drugs, and Charles M. Wheeler in drugs and gro- ceries. Dr. H. M. Boldt is the only physician. Beside the public school, there is a school conducted under the care of the Catholic church. KASKASKIA POINT Embraced a rich body of land below the village of Kas- kaskia, between the Mii-sissippi and Kaskaskia rivers, occu- pied by the Common Field and Commons of Kaskaskia. Two ferries over the Kaskaskia river furnish easy access to Chester. The town of Dozaville, on the Mississippi, was projected by William Doza in 1872. There is a general store, of which the proprietor is Leon E. Delassus, also the owner of a saw mill. A drug and grocery store is kept by E. Ellison. It is without a postoffice, mail matter being received at Kaskaskia. 308A FARM RiSlDENCE OF J M CRIoLLR^StLJb T 6^ R 7, (CHESTER PRECINCT) RANDOLPH CO. ILL. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 309 LAND OFFICE AT KASKASKIA. We append the following letter received November 2"), 1882, from the Commissioner of the Genaral Land OtHee. Washington, D. C, in regard to the land office at Kaskaskia : " Gentlemen : — In reply to your letter of the 16th inst., requesting information concerning the land office at Kas- kaskia, Illinois, I have to inform you that the land district was created by Act of Congress approved March 26, 1804, and it was discontinued by order of the President dated November 12, \6'y5. The transfer of the records to the office at Springfield was effected on February 25, 18.')6. I a'U unable t) furnish you with a complete list of the names of the officers prior to 1821 for the reason that this office was formerly a branch of the Treasury Department, and the records then in that Department were destroyed by fire in 1832. A partial list, however, was obtained from other sources, and the following embraces all the data I am able to give you. Nichohi!* .lonos, commissioned March", U'.'I. Shadrach Bond " January 28, 1823 Miles Hotchkiss " April 30,1832 Jacob Fearman " June 20, 1844 Ferdinand Maxwell " September 24, 1849 Daniel P Robert,'! " March 2S, 18,1.1. Each of these officers retained his position until the ap- poii tnient of his successor. Edward Humphries, e.inilnissioneil March 5, 1821. Samuel Crawford, " .4ugusl r,, I«4u Richald B. Servant, " March 17, 184.1. J.*n A. Lannlois, " August 2, 184.1. E7.ra C. ( otTey, " June 8, 18.-.0. William Adair, " hm.- 3, 1S54. From original papers on the files of this office datingfrom 1804 to 1809, the names of Michael Jones and E. Backus appear as Register and Receiver, and in 181.) Michael Jones and Shadrach Bond appear as holding the office of Register and Receiver respectively. I regret that I am unable to furnish you more specific information. Very RespectluUy, N. C. McFarland, Comraitsioner. FORT GAGE During the progress of the war with the Chickasaws and other hostile Indian tribes, a fort was built on the high hill opposite Kaska-skia for the defense of the town. The date of its construction was the year 17.'56. Of its size and strength tradition gives no information. In 1756, during the old French and English war, it was repaired and strengthened, and occupied by a French garrison. From that time to the present the bluff on which it stood has borne the name of Garrison hill. In 1766 the old fort was destroyed by fire, and soon after another was built on the .same spot by the English. Its shape is described by Capt. Philip Pitman as that of an oblong quadrange, of which the exterior poly- gon measured 21t() by 251 feet. It was constructed of very thick squared timber, dovetailed at the angles. Within the walls were a stone magazine, the conimaiulant's house, and other smaller buildings. On the abandonment of Fort Chartres in 1772 the British garri.son occupied the fort to which the name of Gage had been api)lied in honor of the commander-in-chief of the British forces in America. On the night of the 4lh of July, 1778, it was captured by Col. Clark. The garrison then consisted of twenty soldiers un- der command of M. Rocheblave, the British commandant in Illinois. Its approaches were guarded by four cannon. The records of the English possession of the country are said to have been destroyed on the night of the surrender by the wife of M. Rocheblave, so that many val liable documents belonging to that period were lost. While ('olouel Clark remained in Illinois he occupied the fort as his headquarters. At the close of the war of the Revolution the fort remained unoccupied until liSOl, when it was garrisoned by a detach- ment of United States soldiers. Colonel Pike's regiment was stationed here for a short period. It was soon abamloned. The walls crumbled and fell to the ground and the building decayed. The lines of the fort are now marked by embank- ments of earth. The parade ground north of the fort is grown up with timber. The site commands a beautiful view of the Kaska.-'kia and Mississippi rivers, and the adjacent bottom. ^ '^^^^¥^t^' BIOGRAPHIES. LOUIS J. DEROUSSE, Jr. One of the younger representatives of the family of that name, so conspicuous during the past in the history of Ran- dolph county, was born in Kaskaskia, September 22, 1854, being the son of the late Louis Derou.sse, w ho was for many years a well known citizen of this town. His father died in 1878. A portrait and sketch may be found of him on another page of this work. He has followed farming and mercantile persuits all his life. On the eighth of November, 1881, he was married to Miss Odial M. Chann, daughter of Joseph M. and Sophia A. Chann. Captain Chann was for- merly the proi)rietor of the landing on the Mississippi river a few miles from Kaskaskia, and known as Kaskaskia land- ing. Louis J. Derous.se is following the footsteps of his de- ceased father, in that he is an office holder. He was elected constable in 1881, a position his father had held many years before. He is an ardent working Democrat, a member, to- gether with his wife, of the Catholic church. 310 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. S^^yn-U^ ^^or>e(_:^ There are names cherished with pritle by every lover of the early history of his commonwealth. Among such iu Illinois is that of Menard. Pierre Menard, a Frenchman, came to Kaskaskia in 1790. Remarried Angelique Souci, in 1792. He traded with the Indians, taking their furs, pelts, etc , in exchange for goods, also engaged in farming. He was a prominent citizen, and took an active part in every public enterprise. Upon the organization of the State, he was elected Lieutenant-Governor. His father, John Menard, fought at Quebec under Montgomery. Edmond, a son of Pierre, was born in Kaskaskia, February 7, 1813. He in- herited much of his father's disposition. In 1837 he was elected a member of the Legislature, which then convened at Vandalia, and was continued during the first session after the removal of the capitol to Springfield. He has followed merchandising and farming. His neighbors held him in high esteem, be ause of noble qualities, and generous, im- pulses, prompting him to deeds of charity. The poor of the old town of Kaskaskia, recognize in him a benefactor and friend. His little acts of kindness, such as supplying a dis- tressed family with meat or provisions, furnishing them with horses to enable them to drive the plow, etc., are many, and treasured in memory of all who know him. Among his fellow- citizens and to each one of them he is "Uncle Edmand." So much is said of his father and family in the pioneer and other chapters of this work, owing to their great prominence that a lengthy sketch is deemed unnecessary in this connec- tion. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 311 J. -f dJu^-^^ One of the prominent farmers and large landholders of Kaskaskia bottoms, is Joshua G. Burch. He was born in Nelson county, Kentucky, November 15, 1815, and has been a resident of Randolph county since 1840. His ancestors were Virginians. In 1770 they located in Kentucky, where they were compelled to live in a fort for protection against the Indians, at that time John H. Burch, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a mere lad. Joshua G. Burch was married to Bridget Tewel, April 11th, 1837. She was a native of Ireland, but had been prin- cipally raised in Kentucky. By her he had eight children, four of whom are living. She died October 12, 1875, and on the thirtieth of September, 1876, Mr. Burch was married to Catherine Allen. To him belongs the credit of having brought the first wheat drill to the county, also the first thresher. The bring- ing of the thresher caused as much excitement then as would a circus now. The third 3'ear after the sowing of the first wheat introduced into the vicinity of Kaska£kia, he threshed out twenty-nine thousand bushels with his new thresher. He devotes much of his attention to the raising of stock, and now in the evening of life rents out large areas of his farm- ing lands to tenants. He is a Democrat of the old Jackson stamp. 312 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. DR. H. M. BOLDT. Germany, the land of scientists and philosophers, has fur- nished this country thousands of men of culture and erudi- tion. Of college professors, lawyers, and physicians, not a few have taken high rank in the country of their adoption. Lovers of the patriotism that comes of American institutions of the liberty thereby extended, they annually come in great numbers. Dr. H. M. Boldt, a young man, belongs to this class; he was born in Dantsic, Germany, July 1.5th, 1851- Obtained a liberal education, not alone in his native State, but in Berlin, where he completed his college course. In 1872 he learned to love American institutions from know- ledge gathered respecting them, and announced to his father his determination of crossing the sea. His father thought he was joking, and up to the very hour of his departure would not have it otherwise. Arriving here, he set about mastering the English tongue, then selected medicine as his chosen profession. Most assiduously did he persecute his studies; he entered the office of Dr. Tuholski, in St. Louis, where he remained several years. In 1879 he graduated as Doctor of Medicine from McDowell College, St. Louis. The same year found him in old Kaskaskia ready to prac- tice. The field had been recently vacated and he was anxious to try his powers. Right rapidly has he grown in the estimation of the people among whom he has cast his lot. A student from force of habit, he leaves no investiga- tion, once undertaken, until a proper understanding has crowned his efforts. As a physician he is gaining a good practice, in which he is giving eminent satisfaction. Based upon his knowledge of American institutions, he is an ardent Republican, and cannot understand why any of his fellows, prompted by motives similar to his own, coming from Germay, can be anything else. His characteristics briefly summed up are earnestness, enthusiasm, laborious research and the exercise of sound judgment. CHARLES M. WHEELER. Among citizens of Kaskaskia who have contributed no little to the rejuvenation of that time-honored spot, none has worked more faithfully than Charles M. Wheeler. He was born in St. Genevieve, Missouri, January 4th, 1844. His parents were James M. and Mary Wheeler. His father was a Londoner, and came to America when he was but fourteen years of age ; he died in Kaskaskia April 4th, 1860 after a residence of about thirty years. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary Boarman, died Sept 1.5th, 1846, and is, together with her husband, buried in Kaskaskia Cem- etery. Charles M. attended first the public schools of Kaskaskia and subsequently the seminary at Connewago, Penna., which he entered at the age of fourteen. Here he studied the classics and after three years returned home to enter the employ of Riley as clerk. After a short time he went to Kansas City in the same manner of business. Under force of circumstances he joined the rebel army under General Price. Prior to his doing this he had written a letter to a sister in which he used the expression, " I hope the North will send down enough men to bring South Carolina back; she had no business to secede." Despite his Union sentiments, freely expressed, he found himself compelled to enter the Southern army. His command surrendered to General Cauby at Shreveport, Louisiana, in 1865. He remained a year in Louisiana in attendance at school at Mt. Lebanon for a year thereafter, returning to Kaskaskia in 1867, since which time his life has been spent in clerking and merchan- dising in Kansas Cty, Memphis and Kaskaskia. He was married to Miss Mary Reily, Sept. 1st, 1869. By this union there have been born five children. In 1881 he pur- chased the drug store he now manages. In 1873 he was elected a Justice of the Peace, an office he still holds. He is an ardent, active Democrat, politically, and is quite prom- inent in conventions of that party, being generally a dele- gate. During the last campaign he was made chairman of the Democratic Central Committee for the county. FLORENCE RANDOLPH COUNTY. N Township 6, R. 7 West, lies Florence precinct. It has many natural advan- tages, in the respect to good soil, and a plentiful supply of timber, admirably adapting it to the growth of all the grains grasses and fruits. It is drained by Nine Mile creek and its tributaries. Little Nine Mile, and Robison creeks. The Kaskaskia river, bounds its western side, and affords a means for transporta- tion of its products. Evansville bounds it on the north, Blair and Chester on the east, and Chester and Kaskaskia on the south. It is from the number and charac- ter of the pioneers though, that much of the interest attached to this precinct derives its origin. Ellis Grove on section 17, in the middle of the western part has long been renowned. Here improvoments were made as early as 1780 by settlers who had formerly been soldiers under the famous Colonel Clark. The names of these old settlers were John Montgomery, Joseph Anderson, John Dodge, John Doyle, David Pagon, M. Augustus, James Curry and Levi Teel. This settlement on which, at first, a few small farms with their humble cabins served to sustain and shelter the pioneers was almost broken up before the year 1790. The year 1797 marked the advent of one of the most no- ted and promiuent pioneers, a man who was the hero of numberless exploits with the Indians, who had been one of HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 813 C)lonel Clark's old soldiers, when he made his march to the Wabash iu 1778, and who took part with General St Clair in his disastrous defeat in 1791. This was Stacy McDonough. He was born in the state of New Jersey, and was of Scotch descent. A natural backwoodsman, fond of the rifle, he seemed to court danger. In 1793 while passing down the Ohio river on a boat which he commanded, he received a wound from a shot in the shoulder by the lurking savages, which afflicted him through life, still he was undaunted and always engaged in some perilous exploit. He served with General Anthony Wayne, whose disposition suited him. During the war of IM "J, heiarried the mail from St. Louis to bhawneetown, though a route thickly beset with dangers from the hostile Indians, but the danger did not deter him, and he made his trips regularly. He was a Captain in the ranging service, and proved a man of marked ability, and one of the moit popular men in the new settlement. He lived on a farm where he first located nearly half a century and died deeply mourned. He left two sons, James and David ; the former settled on the lower end of Gposrum<12." In 1821 he married Nancy McDjnough, a daughter of Stacy McDjnough before mentioned. Mrs. Milligan was born March 17th, 1808, on the old McDonough place within a mile of where she now lives. He served in the Black-Hawk war. One of the early settlers in the vicinity of Ellis Grove, was William Fisher, a son of Archi- bald Fisher, who came from Scotland to America some time before the Revolutionary war, and settled first in South Carolina and afterward in Tennessee, where his son William married Ann White. He was the father of the Archibald Fisher, who received his grandfather's name, and was born in Tennessee. In 1804 William Fisher moved to Randolph county, Illinois, and settled a few miles northeast of Ellis Grove. Archibald was at this time a boy of three years. The Bollinger Family were among the early settlers of Ran- dolph county. They were natives of Tennessee, where they were a numerous and well known family. Daniel Bollinger came with his father to Ellis Grove about 1828. In 1873 he opened a store in Ellis Grove. In 1874 he was appoint- ed post-master. Elisha and Edward Seymour came to Randolph county in 1822 Edward lived in Randolph county until 1849 when he joined the adventurous band who were attracted to the Pacific Slope He accompanied his brother Elisha, and engaged in mining, with varied success, until the death of his brother, who was drowned in Jlay, 18.51, while trying to ferry a man over Salmon river when it was swollen and in a dangerous stage. In the winter of 18.51-' .')2, Mr. Seymour made the journey homeward by way of Panama, and returned to his old home in Randolph county, where he settled up his brother's estate, aud continued to reside in the county until his death in 187G. He left two sons, George D. and Henry E , both of whom live in the county. Elisha, his brother, married Sarah McDonough, a daughter of Stacy Mc- D.)nough, and sister of James Milligan's wife. Christian Beare is an old settler, who came from Switzer- land in 18:52. He first located upon a place two miles north of Ellis Grove, and engaged in farming until 1842, when he settled upon his pr&sent place, section 18, a quarter of a mile southwest of the village. Hiram Rnberts came to Randolph county in the year 18:59, when fifteen years of age, since which time he has resided in it, except a period of three years spent on the Pacific coast. His father's name was James Robert-;, a na- tive of New Jersey, who was married to Margaret Murphy, iti the city of New York. He first moved to Ohio, and set- tled at Columbus, where Hiram, his son, was born. The fami y moved next to Michigan, and subsequently to Taze- well county, Illinois In 18:59 they moved to Randolph county and settled in the neighborhood of Ellis Grove. Daniel Preston Roberts, the grandson of William Roberts, who came to Illinois from Kentucky about the beginning of the present century, was born Nov. :)Oth, 1816, near Kas- kaskia. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and was appointed register in the land ofiice at Kaskaskia until its 314 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. close. In 1S66 he bought a farm half a mile west of Ellis Grove, where he still re.^ides. Oue of the earliest Germans to locate in this precinct was John George Schoeppel, a native of Bavaria, Germany. He emigrated to America in the fall of the year 1839, landing at New Orleans. On coming up the river the boat was frozen in the ice opposite Kaskaskia. This incident caused him to stop at that place, though it was his intention to settle in Missouri. He was a tailor, and, after working a few weeks at his trade, he settled about one mile north of Ellis Grove, and engaged in farming. He died in 1858. Some of his children are still residing in the vicinity. There are few of the old settlers now in Florence precicct. They have fought their battles with bfe and passed away. The old landmarks have gone with them. The primitive log church has been supplanted by those of brck or frame, and the old squatty school-house of round poles, without window or floor, has been succeeded hy elegant frame struc- tures. On every hand the ok! traces of pioneer life are gone. Riding along the road from Evansville to Ellis Gr.ive, if the traveller were to pause when he comes to Nine Mile Creek, he would look in vain for any remains of the old mill erected by Jonathan Fettit in 1798, but he can let his memory revert to the scenes at that time. The little band of pioneers or their boys, engaged in games of ball or feats of wrestling and throwing the thoulder-slone, while awaiting their turn for their grist, enjoying themselves in their leisure time in the rude manner of the pioneer life, would to day, if sketched by the artist, make an interesting picture. ELLIS GROVE. The village of Ellis Grove is beautifully located in an elevated region about two miles east of the Kaskaskia river^ on the wej-t half of section 17. The region around the vil- lage has some natural advantages in the way of timber, soil and water. It was at an early period a place of note. lu 1852 George Ellis purchased a part of the old Hunt farm, put up a house and opened a store A post-office was also established and Mr. Ellis appointed post-master. A Union meeting-house was erected the same year, which still stands, though now used as a dwelling. A school-house was put up also. These buildings gave to the little place somewhat the appearance of a village. Mr. Ellis had hi-i land surveyed into town lots, and called the place Ellis Grove. The plat was recorded Oct. 9, 1855. In 1855 a church building was erected by the Baptists, which was burned in the spring of 1882. The society was in a flourishing state. Mr. Ellis had his store destroyed by fire in 1857, and removed to Ur- bana; and William Crawford moved in, opened a store, and took charge of the post-office. Pi-es('uf Business. — The town has now a population of about two hundred, some of whom are of German ancestry ; one dry goods store, owned by J Beard & Brother ; two hotels, one by Mrs. John Schoeppel, and oue by Mrs. Fred. Peters ; two blacksmith shops, one by William Kuntz, and one by Frederick Dudenbostel ; one wagon shop ; one drug store, by Henry Lilly, who is also the post-master, a justice of the peace, and a notary public; two physicians — Dr. J. B. Kay, and Dr. J. Howard ; also, one German jMethodist church. There are two school-houses, one quarter of a mile each from the centre of the village ; and a saw-mill, owned by Heob, Lutz & Neuling. WATERLOO MONROE COUNTY. \: LLLEFONTAINE was the ear- liest settlement in the county. The first American colony came from Maryland and Vir- ginia to Illinois in 1781, and of its members three. James Jloore, Darken Rutherford, and James Garretson, settled at or near the Bellefuntaine in 1782. This name had been applied by the French to a spring of water a mile south of the site of Waterloo, at which they had doubtless often camped on their journeys between Kaskaskia, Cahokia and St. Louis. By the side of this spring Moore determined to build his future home, Rutherford settled in the vicinity. Early in the present century he removed to the neighborhood of the present town bJiA of Belleville, in St. Clair county, where he died. He had been a soldier under Colonel Clark in his expedition to Ill- inois in 1778. Garretson selected a location a mile northeast of where the town of Waterloo now stands, on claim 516, survey 720, a grant of land which he rectived from the gov- ernment. He afterward removed to the American Bottom, near Moredock Dake, where he ended his days. Moore and his family clung to the original settlement at the Bellefon- taine. The grant of four hundred acres of laud which he obtained from the Government (claim 220, survey :]94) cov- ering the spring, has remained in the possession of the Moore family from the last century to the present time. Captain James Moore was born in Maryland in the year 1750. He subsequently settled in Virginin, his old. st son, John Moore, being the only one of his childrrn bora in Maryland. He settled in Virginia on the banks of the Kanawha river, lie took part in the e.xi.editiou to Illinuis niSTOHV OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES ILLINOIS. 315 in 177S, uiiiler the comtnaiid of Caloiiel George Rogers Clark, in wiiich il is generally supposed he served in the commissary department, lie was adventurous aiicl daring in disposition. He, with his companions, reached Kaskaskia in the fall of 17S1, and there remained ilnriii;; the winter. The next spring iiesettled at Beliefontaine. It was supposed when these immigrants left the country cast of the AUeghe- uies that little danger need be feared from the Indians. It was not long, however, before the savages began to make trouble, and James Moore was elected captain of the com- pany which came to be raised for the protection of the colony. IlliiM)is at that lime was a county of Virginia, and the com- mission which Captain Moore received was from the Gover- nor of Virginia, Patrick Henry. He was directed to estab- lish a military post and ci)minand the Illinois militia. A fort, or blockhouse, was accordingly built at Bellefontaine, and afterwani, during the Indian war this was one of the most frenuent and noted places of resort. Captain Moore's ctf'jrls were of great value in establishing amicable relations with the Indians, so that it wa.s not until IT'^G that serious trouble began with the hostile tribes. With Gabriel Cerre, a wealthy merchant of St. Louis, he entered into trade with the Indians, and for some time maintiined his headquarters on the site of Nashville, Teun. He died in or about the year 1788, his family obtaining scanty results from his ven- ture in the Indian trade. His wife, whom he had married in JIaryland in 177"2, was Catharine Biggs. At her hus- band's death she was left with a family of six children, the oldest of whom was but fourteen years of age, and the youngest an infant. She kept the family together, though her situation was one of trial and embarrassment. By this time the Indians had resumed their encroachments, though their object seemed to be to steal rather than to kill, some of them boasting that they spared the .settlers so that they might raise horses and provisions for them. Her neighbors planted for her a crop the first season after her husband's death, some standing guard against the Indians while others tilled the field. At one time the danger became so immi- nent that the family was driven to the block house in the American Bottom for protection. The oldest son, John Moore, on attaining his majority in 1794, married Elizabeth Whiteside, the oldest daughter of William White.-ide, who had reached Illinois in ll'Xi. He settled north of Waterloo, on claim 122:5, survey 3i)7. He died in the year l)S:!:i. He was a lieutenant in the Illinois militia, in the ranging service during the war of 1812-14, and the first treasurer of Monroe county. William and Benjamin, the two next sous of James Moore died in early life. The fourth son, James Biggs Moore, known asGeneral Jloore, was born in Virginia in N'^U. He embarked in various business enterprises, and for some years tradef James Lemaii, at New Design ; she miirried Henry Mace. Governor St. Clair con- firmed a grant ol' four hnndred acres of land, covering the original improvement made by Andrews, to his daughter Drusilla, on which she and her husband afterward spent their days. The HuH'and Moredock family, on coming to Illinois first settled in the vicinity of Bellefontaiue, and in 1809 the claim was affirmed by the commissioners to John Moredock. The massacre of Mrs. Hufl' and part of the family bj' the Indians, in their journey up the Missis- sippi, is elsewhere related. Huff himself was killed by the Indians, on the road between Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher. The family removed to the American Bottom, on ]\[oredock lake, and John Moredock became a noted citizen of the county- On claim 229, survey 784, about three miles north of Waterloo, the first improvement was made by Samuel Hanley. This grant was confirmed by Governor St. Clair to William Biggs, in whose possession it also was at the time of the leport, made in 181-3, of the commis- sioners to adjust land claims in the Kaskaskia district. Biggs lived a long and eventful life in Illinois. He was born in Maryland in the year 17.5.5, and at the age of twenty-three enlisted in the expedition for the concjuest of Illinois, commanded by Colonel George Rogers Clark. He held a commission as lieutenant, and served during the years 1778 and 1779. He returned to Virginia, was married, and shortly afterward, in company with his two brothers, came to Illinois and settled at Bellefontaiue. In the spring of 1788, while on his way to Cahokia, in company with John Vallis, he was attacked by the Indians and taken prisoner. He was released on the payment of S260 ransom money. He afterward wrote a narrative of his captivity. He was appointed by Governor St. Clair sheriff of St. Clair county in 1790, and filled the office for a number of years ; he was also a justice of the peace, and judge of the court of common pleas He was elected to serve in the legislature of the Northwestern territory two terms. In 1808 he was chosen to represent St. Clair county in the legislature of Indiana territory, and by his efforts contributed to the divi- sion of the territory and the establishment of the Illinois territory the following year. From 1812 to 1816 he repre- sented St. Clair county in the legislative council of General Assembly of the territory of Illinois. South of the Moore tract, below Waterloo, Michael Miller settled at an early day. He was from Pennsylvania, and came to Illinois about the year 1800 The fivrm north of Waterloo, which was for many years the residence of Geo. L. Ditch, was first improved by Benjamin Marney. While returning up the river from New Orleans, where he had taken a flat-boat loaded with produce, he was seized with yellow fever, died and was buried on the bank of the Mis- sissippi. This was in the early part of the year 1822. William Agnew was an old resident of the precinct, and occupied a farm in section 2 of township 2 range 10, now owned by Conrad Kohlmar. James Taylor lived on the Loehr place, three miles north of Waterloo, on the St. Louis road. In the same neighborhood was the old Eberraan place, where the Rev. William Eberman lived for many years. At this place, early in the present century, Thomas Marrs, afterward a residentof the American Bottom, settled. David Robinson, who has been mentioned as having mar- ried the only daughter Capt. James Moore, was^ lieutenant in the company of his brother-iu-law, Capt. James B. Moore, in the war of 1812-14, and was afterward appointed by Governor Ninian Edwards a colonel of militia. In later life he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He died in the year 1833. CITY OF WATERLOO. The tract of land on which the original town of Waterloo was laid out was purchased by George Forquer, in 1818. The projectors of the town were Forcjuer and Daniel P- Cook. The latter was a prominent lawyer, a resident of Kaskaskia and afterward a member of Congress. Forquer was born in Pennsylvania in 1794, and came to Illinois with his mother, Mrs. Ford, and his half brother, Thomas Ford, (afterwards Gov. Ford), in 1804. He also was the original j>roprietor of the town of Bridgewater, on the Mississippi, above Harrisonville. He opened a store at Waterloo, but his mercantile venture proved a failure. He then under- took the study of law and engaged in politics, in both of which pursuits he was successful. The Ford family lived in Waterloo for many years, inhabiting a little log house which stood at the west side of the present Main street, just south of the old Morrison place. Mrs. Ford died here, and was buried in the cemetery east of town. At Waterloo Thomas Ford grew up to manhood and began his distinguished legal and political career. Much of the land on which the town is now built was, previous to the laying out of the town, owned by David H. Ditch who acquired it by entry from the government. He was born in Pennsylvania, in the year 1781, and married Hannah Forquer, sister of George Forquer. They came to Illinois in 1804, Mrs. Ditch fording the Kaskaskia river on horseback with one of her children tied behind her. After living some time in the vicinity of Kaskaskia, and in the American Bottom neai Harrisonville, JNIr. Ditch moveel to the site of Waterloo. He built the log house, afterward known as the Morrison house, which stood until the spring of 1881, when it was torn down. This in early days was used as a hotel, and when Waterloo first became the county seat, the courts were held in this building. For many years the growth of Waterloo was slow, and it remained a place of small size and importance. The first per- manentstore was established by Emery Peter Rogers, for many years a leading citizens of Waterloo. A young man named Ruddisill also sold goods for a time in the early history of the place. Rogers was born in Massachusetts, and came to Illinois about the year 1816. He first taught school and then opened a small store, his stock of goods consisting of a barrel of whiskey, some tobacco, powder and lead, and a few other articles indispensable to the pioneers. This store was kept in a log building on Main street, on lot eight of Rogers' subdivision, opposite the house to which he after- ward removed, which is still standing. For some time this was the only store in the county. A store had been estab- HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 317 lished at Harrisonville in early times, but for some years was discontinued. About the year 1826, Mr. Rogers en- larged his store, and put in a more general and complete stock of goods He put up a large rock building which stood where the Rogers homestead now is. Part of the building was used as a hotel. It burned down in 1843, and in its place the present brick building was erected. He kept the hotel until 1817, and continued the store until his death in the year 1S50. He was a raan of large frame, weighed about two hundred and forty pounds, was intelli- gent and well educated, and enterprising as a business man. In addition to his store, he had a carding mill and saw mill in his part of the town, and erected a number of buildings. He was comuionlv known as Peter Rogers, and his part of the town received the soubri(juet of IVterstown, by which it is still known. He embarked in several outside enterprises, and had he not met with several serious disasters, such as the fire which burned his store, the loss of a barge load of tobacco in the ice, and of an investment of thirty thousand dollars in a steamboat, he would have accumulated great wealth. As it was he died in good circumstances aud left a comfortable estate behind him. His first wife was Mary Miller, daughter of Michael Miller, who came from Penn- sylvania, and settled south of Waterloo about the year 1800. His second wife was Eunice Rogers, the widow of his brother, Lemuel Rogers. His third wife, Caroline Rob- inson, daughter of David Robinson, is still living, Another store was started about the year 1838, by Mc- Kendree Moore, in partnership with his father, Enoch Moore, and was carried on until the death of the son in 1840. It was kept in a brick building, about fifteen by twenty-two feet in dimensions, which stood on the site of Peter Bickelhaupts hotel, on Main street, opposite the court house. Shortly after the Moors engaged in the mercantile business, another store was started by James B. Meedles (father of Thomas B. Needles, formerly State Auditor) and John Gall. The date of its establishment was about the year 1830, and it was carried on for nearly ten years. Soon after 1840, the town began to increase iu population, and in 1841 and lH4l', two or three additional stores were started. Isaac Clark and Zaccheus B. Moore, opened a store on the corner of Main and Third streets, where the marble shop now is. Ferdinand Rose had a store on Main street, just south of Peterstown. Rose was afterward interested in busi- ness with John B. Frank. In 184"), there were four stores; that of Rogers ; one carried on by George Leip on the west side of Main street, corner of Mill street ; one belonging to Conrad Stroh on the west side of Main street, father north, and one opened that year by John Frank and Major X. F_ Trail. Lafayette Warnoch carried on the the mercantile business from lcS48 to l'<">4. Among other merchants who carried on business in Waterloo previous to 1800, were John A. Reed, Napoleon Bond, George Lutz, John G. Shaeffcr, Charles Ileer, Henry Boedeker, M. T. and Harrison Horine, George Leip, William Moore, William Devine, Berger, David Walsh, John Borchert and Frederick Timraerniann. In 183(5 the town contained not more than twenty build- ings. Beginning at the north end of the town, the brick building still standing, the one farthest north on Main street, was occupied that j'car by David Nolan. He was clerk of the circuit court, a member of the bar, and died at Vandalia in 183X, while at the capital as member of the legislature. The next was a small frame house with two rooms, occupied by Catherine and Delilah Hilton, seam- stresses. The next was the residence and store of Emery Peter Rogers, and on the opposite side of the street lived Benjamin Dean. Next below on the east ride of the street was a log building, owned by Peter Rogers, father of Emery P. Rogers, into which Jesse Slate, the father of E. P. Slate, moved on his arrival in the town from Massachusetts in June, 183(5. Opposite was the log building in which Emery P Rogers kept his first store, aud which in 1«3() was used as a workshop. Luke Patterson had erected this building and sold it to Rogers. On the east side of the street, further down, a man named Owens lived. The next bouse was the building known as the old Morrison place, a large log structure two stories in height, built by David H. Ditch, iu which in early days he kept a hotel. Next on the west side of the street was the residence of Dr. John Rogers. He was a brother of Emery P. Rogers. He had acquired a good medical education and had practiced his profession in Massachusetts some years before coming to Illinois. He came to Waterloo in 182(5, and followed his profession till his death iu 18.58. He was the leading physician of the county during that period, and his ])ractice, which extended over this county with St. Clair and Randolph, kept him busy day and night. On the east side of the street, oppo- site Dr. Rogers, was a story and a half log house, with two rooms below, used as a school-house. James Rogers, brother of Emery P., and Dr. John Rogers taught school in this building for several years. The building on Main street, the second block north of the court house, now occu- pied by Borntraeger's store, was used as a dwelling iu 1836 by Daniel Converse, who for many years filkd the office of county clerk. The next house was on the north- east corner of M lin and Mill streets, where Stroh's saloon now is, and in it lived John Coleman, He was the propri- etor of a mill which stood just east of his residence on Mill street and north of the court house. This was first built as a wind mill in 1830, or shortly afterward. Its operation as a wind mill was not very successful, the mill only running when the wind blew with a certain force. About 1837 it was changed to an ox mill. The court house in 1836 was a small two-story brick building, with the court room below and the county offices above, and stood a short distance southwest of the present structure. The Methodist church, the only one in town, stood near the site of the i)resent church building. The southwest corner of Main and Third streets was taken up by a log building iu which was kept a grocery. On the west side of Maiu street, below Fourth street, there was a log house in which Isaac Clark lived in ].S3(5, but which shortly afterward was purchased by John Gall. On the west side of Main street, north of Third street, was a frame house, into which William H. Bennett moved in 1836, and on the northwest corner of Maiu and Third streets was a blacksmith shop. 318 HISTORY OF RANDOLrn, MOXROE AND PERRY COUXTIES, ILLINOIS. The merchants of Waterli)o in the year 185.') were Emery P. Rogers, John S. Borchert, M. T. Horine, Charles H. Heer, John G. SchaeflFer, Conrad Stroh, Hoener & Moore, David Walsh, Martin Dunn and Vincent Sum. The latter two had small stores. The flouring mill on the site of the present Edwards and Chouteau mill was carried on in 1855 by Francis A. Gauen and Fridolin Meyer. John Coleman's mill, on Mill strtet opposite the court house, was then running. It was at that time operated by steam, though wind and then ox power had previously been, tried. This mill was destroyed by fire in 1857. In " Peter.s- town" Emery P. Rogers had a saw mill, and a brewery was carried on by John Koechel. In 1858 Jacob Miller and Valentine Briegel built a large brick mill east of the town. Its site is now included in the corporation limits. It was bought by Chouteau, Edwards & Co., and torn down in 1874. The first brewery in Waterloo was built in 1847 by John Koechel, who began operations in a small frame building. The original building was torn down about the year 1852, and the present brick building erected in its place. Koechel ran it till 18G5, and then leased it to other parties. It was sold in January, 1882, to Michael Schorr and Henry Wilmes- meier, and is n iw run by Schorr. About 1858 John Her- rold started a brewery in a building, partly brick and ))artly frame, which stood in the southeast part of the town. It bufned down in 1869. The firm of Wellier & Burch ran it for a time. A small distillery was operated by Edward Kemuff for five or si.x; years. It stood iu the south part of town. Among the phj-sieians who practiced in Waterloo in former years were Drs. Sonierville, Harper, De Puyt Doelicht, Smith, Bull, Copp, Bollert, Whiteside, Koernel and Deming. The German population of Waterloo began to increase rapidly after 1840. The town has a beautiful situation on elevated ground, from which an excellent view of the sur- rounding country is obtained. The line of the bluffs is dis- tinctly visible, and beyond the Missouri hills. It is twenty- three miles from St. Louis by the St. Louis and Cairo rail- road. The population is estimated at twenty-five hundred. There are three newspapers, two English and one German. The Methodists, Baptists, Lutherans, and Catholics have churches. In addition to public school, both the Lutherans and Catholics maintain large parochial schools, and there is a convent under the care of the Catholic sisters. A large and handsome brick public school building was erected in 1871. TOWN GOVERNMENT. The town of Waterloo was incorporated by act of Legis- lature, approved in February, 1849. The charter was amended in 1855, and again in 1859. Since the latter date no amendment has been made. The town government is in the Vands of a board of trustees, five in number, elected in December of each year. The board in each case being elected iu December of the year previous to that given : First board, 1859 — M. T. Horine, (president), George DePuyt, Charles Borntraeger, Adam Kunipf, and Ambrose Hoener. 1860 — Harrison Horine, (president), Francis A. Gauen, Charles Borntraeger, Ambrose Hoener, and Fred Miiller. 1861 — Harrison Horine, (president), Francis A. Gauen, John Koechel, Charles Borutraeger, and Ambrjse Hoener. 1862— Christian H. Kettler, (president), John Koechel, Charles Bornkraeger, Hubert Kiinster, and Henry C. Tal- bott. 186-3 — John Koechel, (president), Charles Borntraeger, George Gauen, Christian Jobusch, and Henry C. Talbott. 1864 — Hubert Kiinster, (president), John Koechel, Henry C. Talbott, and Christian Jobusch. 1865 — Henry C. Talbott, (president), Adam Kumpf, Louis Eilbracht, H. F. Borutraeger, aud James A. Kennedy. 1861) — Charles Frick, I president), Hubert Kiinster, Dr. A. Wetmore, John Moeller, and Adam Reis. 1867 — Charles Frick, (president), Hubert Kiinster, Dr. A. Wetmore, Adam Reis, and Valentine Sturtzura. 1868 — Charles Frick, (president). Dr. A. Wetmore, Ser- vais Sondag, Jacob Muller, aud Valentine Sturtzum. 186y — Conrad Herchenroeder, (president), Frederick De Puyt, George L. Riess, Adam Reis, and Henry Colmar. 1870 — Harrison Horine, (president), George De Puyt, Frederick De Puyt, John S. Borchert, and Stephen Heim. 1871 — Christian Jobusch, (president), Stephen Keim, Anton Gatzert, George De Puyt, and Henry C. Talbott. 1872 — Christian Jobusch, (president,) Stephen Keim, Anton Gatzert, George De Puyt, aud H'-nry C. Talbott. 187;)— Christian Jobusch, (president), Stephen Keim, Anton Gatzert, George De Puyt, and Henry C. Talbott. 1874 — Hubert Kiinster, (president), George De Puyt, Anton Gatzert, George Schmitt, and Henry C. Talbott. 1875— Hubert Kiiuster ( president i, Henry C. Talbott, Anton Gatzert, Adam Reis, aud Henry Colmar. 1876 — Hubert Kiinster, (president), Henry C. Talbott, Anton Gatzert. George Schmitt, and Edward Borntraeger. 1877 — George Schmitt, (president), Edward Borntraeger, Anton Gatzert, George C. Gauen, and Henry C. Talbott. 1878 —Edward Borntraeger, (president), Anton Gatzert, George C. Gauen, Joseph W. Rickert, and Ferdinand Cavi. 1879 — George C. Gauen, (president) Anton Gatzert, Jo- seph W. Rickert, Ferdinand Cavi, and Peter Bickelhaupt. 1880 — Ferdinand Cavi, (president), John Moeller, Joseph W. Rickert, Peter Bickelhaupt, aud George Morrison. 1881 — Frederick H. Borutraeger, (president), Ferdinand Cavi, Joseph Gauen, and Peter Bickelhaupt. 1882. — Ferdinind Cavi, (president), Peter Bickelhaupt, Charles Metzger, Philip Arras, and Henry Oldendorph. 188.')— Ferdinand Cavi, (president), Peter Bickelhauph, Charles Metzger, Philip Arras, and Philip Wagner. SECRET A.-iD BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. Waterloo Lodge, No. 27, I. 0. 0. f.— The original char- ter of this lodge was granted July 14, 1847, with five charter members. After a few years the lodge ceased to work, aud tbe charter was surrendered. It was restored May loth, HISTORY OF HAXDOLPII, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 319 1880, and tlie lodge was re instituted June 1st of the same year. At tliis writii)iipmt)it, No. lOti, was instituted March 1st, 1881, with eleven charter members. During the year (1881), a handsome brick building was erected on Mill street, the upper part of which is owned by the Odd Fellows and is used by them for lodge purposes. T'rbdii Lii'l(/t; Xii. liKiO, Kiiii/hts of Honor, was instituted on the twenty-iiith of August, 1^8(1, with seventeen ciiarter members. Monroe Lodge, No. o6o. Order oj Horuijuri, was instituted Jau. 28th, 187."), with sixteen charter members. M.VNUFACTURES. The flouring mill of the Chouteau A' Edwards Co is the main manufacturing establishment of Waterloo. A steam, mill was tirst built on the site of the present building in the year 1N48, by Major Xerxes F. Trail. He ran it a couple of years, and it then passed into possession of Francis A. Gauen aud Fridolin Meyer. Gauen afterward operated it aloiie,aud in 18()5 it was purchased by the firm of Chouteau & Edwards. A company, with a capital slock of S.')tl,00(), •was incorporated in July, 1877, under the name of the Chouteau & Edwards Co., the present owners. Improve- ments were made, and the present building erected in 1877. The manufacture of flour was carried on by the old methods till 1881, when the Stevens' rolls were introduced, and the machinery of the mill entirely reconstructed. The mill has a capacity of one thousand barrels per day, which, in l.ss;',, it is proposed to increase by two hundred barrels. There are fifteen sets of double rolls, three of single roils, and twelve run of buhrs. The product in 1882 was about one hundred and twenty thousand barrels. The main building is six stories in height, and in area sixty by eighty-four feet. The elevator buildings have a storage capacity of eighty- five tliousand bushels, and there are also extensive cooper shops in connection with the mill. The motive power is fur- nished by a Harriss-Corliss engine of twelve hundred horse- power. Forty-three men are employed in the mill, and thirty-eight in the cooper shop. Part of the product is shipped direct to the East, and the balance disposed of in St. Louis, through the commission house of Chouteau & Edwards. The officers of the company are: — President, James C. Edward.s ; Vice-President, J. Gilman Chouteau ; Secretary and Treasurer, S F. Chenot. The manufacture of plows and wagons is carried on by the firm of Oldendorph Bros , composed of George and Ja- cob Oldendorph. The business was established in 1872 The manufacture of iron-beam plows is made a specialty. Beside this firm, the manufacture of wagons is carried on to some extent by Philip Arres, Adam Kumpf and Philip Wagner ; and of carriages and buggies by Louis Teichgraber and Philip Mitchell. Henry Kemper and Mr. Mittendorf carry on the wheelwright business. Louis "Wahl has a ma- chine shop for the repair and manufacture of agricultural and other machinery. The Waterloo Marble Works were established in 1875 by the firm of M. C. Rodeuberger & Co., of which M. C. Ro- denberger and William Kestner are members. Marble and granite monuments, headstones and tablets are made and sold. The trade of the firm extends to St. Louis and to adjoining counties in Illinois. Ten hands are employed in the shop. The firm also operate a quarry, seven miles west from Waterloo, in Blutt' precinct, from which limestone — said to be the finest in the Stale — is quarried. In the sum- mer eight men are here employed. The Monroe County Marble Works, on Mill street, were established by Henry Fisiher in 187!), and have turned out a large amount of monumental work. J F. Gotshall Knitting Machine Manufactory, started iu 1879, runs three machines; manufactures between three and four hundred dozen pairs of socks and stockings during the season ; supplies local demand only. BUSINESS HOUSES. The Commercial Bank, the only one in the county, was established January 1st, 1883, and is conducted under the firm name of H. Kunster & Co., operated under articles of co-partnership, Wm. H. Horine, jr. as Cashier, with a capital slock of S1-"),000.00, with the followiug stockholders: Hubert Kunster, Christian Jobusch, Jos. W. Rickert, William Bode, and William Erd. They have a good fire aud burglar proof safe with time lock. General Stores. — Bode and Jobusch, Edward Bomtraeger, Louis Eilbracht, George C. Gauen, Frank Heer, Fred Joedecke, Henry Jung, Herman Koechel, George Pinkel, Jacob Pluth, Fred Sauerhage. Physicians. — J. P. Denning, Hugo Rothstein, A. Wet- more, F. Bock, Nicholas Soteriades, A. Wichmann. Post Office.— U, Kunster, P. M. Hotels. — City Hotel, Peter Bickelhaupt ; Southern, Peter Feller. Livery Stables. — Drury and Hilton, Daniel Stein. DriKjf/i.'its — H. Kunster, L. and W. E Eichelbracht. Jewelers. — August Forkel, Charles F. Gauen. Tailors and (jent.f Henry and Dorcas Hilyard. Mr. Hilyard was reared upon the farm, and like farmer's sons spent the winter months in the public schools of his neighborhood wherein he received bis primary education. His academical education was received in the academy at Bridgeton, Cum- berland county, N. J. lu 1865 he entered the business college at Poughkepsie, New York, and remained there until completing a full course. In 1866 he came west to St- Louis, and soon after came to Monroe county, Illinois, and here began teaching school, in which profession he con- tinued for ten years. In 1873 his zeal and industry in the cause of education received honorable and suitable recogni- tion by being elected superiutendent of the schools of Monroe county. In 1877 he was re-elected, and under the change in the law with regard to the time of holding elections, held over until 1882, when he was electedf for the third time, and at present is discharging the duties of his office. These frequent elections may be regarded as testimonials of Mr. Hilyanl's energy aod efficiency iu building up the school system of the county to the high standard that it now occu- pies. On the 1st of January, 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Jane Fults, who was born in Mitchie precinct. By that uoion there are two children, whose names are Horace M. and Perry C. Hilyard. Mr. Hilyard is a member of the ancient and honorable order of A F. A. M. and holds membership with Columbia Lodge, No. 474, and also is a member of Belleville Chapter, No. 106, and Tancred Commandery, No. 50, Belleville, 111. He belongs to Waterloo lodge. No. 27, I. O. O. F , and Encampment No. 106, and also belongs to the beneficiary order, A. O. U. W. of MonroeLodge, No. 165. During the past four years Mr. Hilyard has been clerk in the office of the sheriff of the county, and cdlects all the taxes and disburses the same. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 327 WILLIAM ERD. Judge William Erd is a native of Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, born February 22, 1828. He was educated in tlie excellent schools of his native country. In 1842 he came to America and settled in Monroe county, Illinois, and here worked upon a farm until 1845 when he received the ap- pointment of deputy circuit clerk, under W. R. Morrison. The same fall Mr. Morrison resigned the office of clerk to take a seat in the Legislature, and Mr. Erd was appointed to fill out the unexpired term. In 1856 Mr. Erd was elected circuit clerk and was reelected every succeeding four years, and served until the latter part of 1870. In 1877 he was elected county Judge and under the amended law, regulating the time for holding elections, held over until 1882 when he was reelected to the same position. Hisi present term will expire in 1886. Politically, Judge Erd has been a life long Democrat. CHARLES METZGER. The subject c.f the following sketch was born in Kirch- heim under Teck, Wurtemberg, Germany, December 27th, 1840. He is the third son of John and Caroline (Kicherer) Metzger. Charles received his early education in the latin schools and gymnasiums of his native city. His father was a man in good financial circumstances, and was an iron manufacturer. In the spring of 1860 young Metzger left Germany and came to America and came direct to the west. He settled in St. Louis, and soon after engaged as salesman in a grocery and provision store in which capacity he remained two years. He then engaged in the business for himself. He carried on the mercantile business for two years and then sold out and engaged as clerk in a wholesale house. Three years later he engaged in the commission business in which he continued for some time. In the year 1873, Mr. Metzger became, a re.sident of Waterloo. Here he clerked for his brother in law, George L. Riess, the present county Judge of Randolph county, Illinois. In 1875 Mr. Metzgar secured the appointment of deputy couDty clerk, under Paul C. Brey, and has continued to be deputy clerk to the present. The same year 1875 he was elected a justice of the peace to to fill out an unexpired term, aud in 1^77 was elected for the full term and reelected in 1881. It may, also be mentioned that Mr. Metzger has been a member of the board of Trustees of Waterloo for the past three years, and has been clerk for that body during that time. On the 11th of February, 1865 he was united in marriage to Miss Anna Victoria, daughter of Rev. John J. and Vic- toria (Petit) Riess. Mrs Metzger was born in Ceutervilie, (now MillstadtJ St. Clair county, Illinois, by that union they have had born to them three children, whose names in the order of their birth are, Ida, Alfred and Arthur Metzger. In politics Mr. Metzger was originally a Republican and remained, a member of that political organization until 1872, when he, like thousands of other men of an independent turn of mind, " liberalized " as it was called and voted for Horace Greeley for president. He soon after joined the Democratic party and has remained a true and steadfast supporter of its principles to the present. He is a member of the ancient order of A F. & A. M., and also belongs to the Chapter and Commandery. He is also a member of the I O. O- F., and Haunagari Lodge (beneficiary) No 376, and a member of Knights of Honor Lodge. Mr. Metzger is held in high esteem by those who know him best. He posseses fine social qualities and has hosts of friends. In the capacity of deputy county clerk he ha.s always been found efficient, courteous and accommodating, aud makes it pleasant for all who come in contact with him. DR. HUGO ROTUSTEIN. Dr. Rothstein, a prominent physician of Waterloo, was born in Linnep Rhine, Prussia, December 31, 1838. His family occupied a good standing in society, and he received ■A thiiruugh education and was a student in the priucii)ai German Universities. He came to America in 1857, and went directly to the west, and spent seven months in the then unexplored region of the Rocky mountains afterward embraced in the territory of Montana and Idaho. In 1858 Dr. Rothstein located in St. Louis, Mo., and in 1859 re- visited his home in Germany, but returned the same year to St. Louis, where in 1861 he opened an office as physician, having for two years pursued the study of medicine in Pope medical college. He had previously studied medicine in Germany. He is a graduate of the Missouri Medical Col- lege. He continued the practice in St. Louis, afteward at Pilot Knob, Mo., was medical inspector in the United States Army, and in May, 1865, came to Waterloo, aud here he has by industry and careful attention to his duties built up a large and lucrative practice. On the 28th of March, l.Hti3, he was united in marriage to Miss Louise, daughter of Morris Wuerpel, of St Louis, Mo. PETER BICKELHAUPT Was born in Germany in March, 1831 ; he is the son of Philip and Eva (Arras) Bickelhaupt. His father was a weaver by trade; he came to America in 1S49, landing at New Orleans and from there came north to St. Louis, and frona there went to Centeryille, in St. Clair county, and in the latter place Peter learned the blacksmith trade. He re- mained in Centreville three and a half years, then went to Burlington, Iowa, and remained there until 185<>, when he settled in Mayesville in Monroe county aud then followed his trade. He afterward went to Monroe City and opened a saloon and also engaged in the milling business In 1871 he came to Waterloo and took charge of the City Hotel as proprietor, and has conducted it to the present. Under his management the City Hotel has acquired a reputation for good cheer. Politically Mr. Bickelhaupt is a Democrat. He has occupied several offices of local trust, and at present is a member of the Board of Trustees of Waterloo. 328 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. /C'C^^I^^^^tt^^^ /^^^ The subject of the following sketch is a native of Wur- temberg, Germany. He was born November 11, 1850. He is the .sou of Joseph and Matilda ( Walz) Von Schlierholz, and the third in a family of six children. His father is and has been for a number of years chief engineer and counsellor of the Royal Wurtemberg Railway, and is a resident of Stuttgart. Charles was educated at the university of Tue- bingen and Stuttgart and in the Polytecnic Institute at Lautrach, Germany, where he studied engineering and surveying. Subsequently he was employed in the engineer- ing department of the Royal Wurtemberg Railway, under the direction of his father, and there received a practical knowledge of civil engineering and surveying. In 1868 he passed his military examination. He remained in the ser- vice of the above-named company until June, 1870. The following fall he emigrated to America, and came direct to St. Louis, where he spent a few months, then went to Chi- cago, and there followed surveying and engineering until after the great fire of 1871, after which he went to Bloom- ington and taught school. Soon after he was employed by Messrs. Warner & Beers, map publishers, as topographer and draughtsman, and remained with that firm until 1874. In October, 1874, he came to Waterloo, Monroe county, and here he has remained to the present- Since he has been a resident of this county he has followed his profession, and at the present time holds the position of drainage and levee engineer of the districts in the county. In 1881 he held a similar position in Randolph county. On the 2.5th of June, 1875, Mr. Schlierholz was united in marriage to Miss Christina Sopp, a native of Waterloo. By that union there were two daughters, named Matilda and Flora Schlierholz. He is a member of the Order of K. of H, No. 1939, and is district deputy of the Order. He is also a member of the beneficiary order of A. O. U. W. Lodge No. 165, and Treubund, No. 5, and Harrugari, No. 365. Politi- cally, Mr. Schlierholz was originally a Republican, but in 1880 he joined the Democratic ranks, and has since re- mained a staunch advocate of the principles of the latter political organization. HISTORY OF RAXDOLPU, MONROE AXD PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 329 GEORGE E. JAHN, The present able editor of the " Times," Witerloi, U a native of St. L^iiis, M)., bora Saptembsr 2 4, ISil. H; is the son of John T. H and Catherine Elizabeth Jahn, who were natives of Nassau, near Weisbaden, Gjrmany. Mr. Jahn, the elder, was a believer and advocate of the republican theories, the agitation of which led to the rev.)lution of 184H, and in which Mr. Jahn was oncjrnel. His pirtici- pation in that short struggle placed hitn under the ban of the government, and he came to America, landing here in 1849. He settled in St Liuis and reraaineJ there until 1856, when he came to Monroe county and here died, in 1862. He was a jeweler by trade ; his wife died in 1874. George E. is the youngest of the family. Hi recjivel a good education in the public schools of the county, then followed teaching for some time ; subsequent!)- entered the office of the " Advocite," and learned the printer's trade. In 1876 he edited the " Ava Register," in Jackson county, Illinois. The paper was subsequently changed to the " Ava News." The paper did effective service in thj campaign of 1S76, and advocated the claims of Samuel J. Tilden for the presidency. lu December, 18S0, Mr. Jalin raturuel t) Waterloo and took editorial charge of the 'Times," which arrangement still continue.s. Oa the 5th of February, 1881, he established the Monroe'' Freie Pfesse," a Garmin pap?r, and has also conducted it to the present. Both papers are strongly Democratic in tone, and under Mr. Jahu's manage. ment have risen to be very popular, and are recognized among the prominent and potential organs of the pirty in southern Illinois Mr. Jahn is an unswerving Democrat. He is a member of the I. 0. O. P., and at present is at the head of the order (N. G.), in Waterloo Lodge No. 27. He is also a member of K. of H. Urbana Lodge, No. 1839, and member and speaker of Turner Society, Waterloo, Illinois. On the 10th of October, 1878, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary J., daughter of James and Harriet (Hatfield) Rainey. She was born in Jackson county Illinois. Hoy. AMBROSE HOENER Was born at Cologne on the Rhine, Germany, in 1825. He comes from a sturdy, long-lived German family; his father was a wealthy merchant of the ab3ve-named place, and died at the ripe old age of eighty-four years. His mother sur- vived and died in her eighty-eighth year. Mr. Hoener received a good education in the Latin schools and a thor- ough education in the commercial college in Cologne, and served an appreciative ap[)renticeship in the mercantile business under the direction of his father. Subsequently he traveled for a number of years for a large business house, through Holland, Switzerland and the German states. Being strongly impressed with republican iilcas and theo- ries, his sympathies were enlisted on the part of the revolu- tionists, although he was compelled tu serve in the Prussian army opposing them in the uprising at Baden. In 1849 he left Germany and emigrated to the United States. He settled in St. Louis, but soon after went to St. Clair county, in Illi- nois, and in 1851 came to Waterloo, where he has since resided. He engaged in mercantile pursuits, which he followed for two years, after which he was prevailed upon to accept an official position. His peculiar ability and fitness for public life was soon recognized, and he became the recipient of the people's favor, and was repeatedly elected to positions of honor and trust. He was assessor and treasurer of Jlouroe county for four years, and county clerk for twelve consecutive years, and police magistrate for eight years. These frequent elections testify to his popularity, and are testimonials to his worth as a man and citizen, and his ability and fidelity as an officer of the county. Politi cally he has always been an uncompromising Democrat, giving an unqualified support to the principles and nominees of that political organization. In 1876 he was selected to be the senatorial standard-bearer for the 48th District. It was believed that he was the most popular man for that position, and was the one to harmonize all the antagonistic and conflicting elements of the party, and bring out its full strength. The prediction was verified in his election by the large popular vote of 5,574 against 4 679 for his opponent, an influential and popular Republican. While a member of the state Senate Mr. Hoener was chairman of the com- mittee on finance, and was also assigned to several other important committees. While a member he earned the reputation of being an able, industrious legislator and a highly competent and creditable representative for his con- stituents. His entire course in that body was marked by a desire to legislate in the interest of the whole people rather than in favor of the i'tw. During the protracted senatorial struggle which resulted in the election of David Davis to the United States Senate, Mr. Hoener being dissatisfied with the tactics of the majority and desiring to hasten the busi- ness of the Legislature, thereby saving the people much money, arranged a meeting of the German members of both houses, and proposed to them that in the event that Davis was not elected on the first ballot after the reassembling of the different bodies, that he would propose the name of E.y- Governor Koerner. This arrangement was concurred in by all the members present, but it coming to the knowledge of the majority, they at once upon the next ballot elected Judge Davis. We have no doubt his election was the re- sult of the action of Mr. Hoener and his Gorman friends. NEW DESIGN. MONROE COUNTY. ■ss^Ntlie year 1786 the first settlements at New Design seem to have been made. The name is said to have arisen from the circumstance that James Lemen, the founder of the colony, observed that he had a "new design" to make a settle- ment south of Bellefontaine. The New Design settlement, previous to 1800, con- tained the largest American colony in Illinois. It was the common rendezous of the immigration from Kentucky and Virginia, and with Bellefontaine, the head qnartersof the whole American population in thelastcen- turv. Its founders wereattracted by the elevated and beautiful country, then prairie, afterward overgrown with timber, from which the courses of both the Kaskaskia and the Mississippi could be traced. The settlement rapidly increased in size, and by the year 1790 a considerable number of families had here made their homes. In 1800 the population is estimated to have been two hundred and fifty. The location of James Lemen's house, on survey 395, claims 502, about four miles south of Waterloo, nearly marked the centre of the colony. James Lenieu was born in Berkeley county, Virginia, in the autumn of 1760. His grandfather had emigrated to America imm the north of Ireland. Hisfiither died when James was a year old. His mother married again and he was raised in the Pje.sbyterian faith. In 1777, during the war of the Revolution, he enlisted in the Virginia forces. He took part in the battle of White Plains. He served in the army two years, and then returned to Virginia. He lived for a time in the vicinity of Wheeling, and their mar- ried Catherine Ogle, daughter of Captain Joseph Ogle. He came to Illinois in 1786, arriving in July, of that year, with his family by a flat boat from Pittsburg, on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to Kaskaskia. After James Smith, a Baptist preacher, arrived and preached in the New Design settlement, Mr. Lemen professed religion, and thenceforth he was an active member of the church. He was an earnest opponent of slavery, and mere expressions of his in a sermon preached in the Richland church in 1809, caused the division that sprang up between the Baptist churches of southern Illinois. He was Justice of the Peace for many years under the Territorial government, and also acted as Judge of the County Court. Hisfirstdwelling wasalog cabin, and he after- wards built a brick house, which is still standing, and which was the first brick house erected within the limits of the present county of Monroe. His house stands on the north- west part of claim 602, survey 395. 330 This tract was conceded to James Lemen in right of his militia service. The building is thirty by twenty feet, and contains four rooms, two above and two below. Near by is the grave yard where rests the remains of several members of the Lemen family and other pioneers of that settlement. Elder James Lemen died on the 9th of January, 1823. His wife died July 14, 1840, aged seventy-five years. James Lemen raised a large family of children ; six of his sons were preachers of the eospel ; one, Robert, taught school a number of years, and was of great benefit to the settlement. James, who was born at the New Design, in 1787, was elected to several important public positions. He served several times in both branches of the State Legislature, and was a delegate from St. Clair county to the convention which framed the first constitutioii of the State. Early in the present century Robert, Joseph, and James Lemen, Jr., removed to the Ridge prairie, in St Clair county, and there made prominent settlements. Captain Joseph Ogle was one of the pioneers of New De' sign. H* was born in Virginia in 1744. He commanded a company of Virginia troops during the Revolutionary war, holding a commission as captain from Patrick Henry, then Governor or Virginia. He came to Illinois from the neigh- borhood of Wheeling, Virginia, in 1785. With him came Joseph Worley, and James Andrews. He was a man of untiring energy, and strong will power, in his honor one of the counties of the State received its name. He professed religion under the preaching of the Rev. James Smith, at New Design in 1787, and was appointed leader, by the Rev. Joseph Lillard, in 1793, of the first Methodist class ever formed in Illinois. Members of the Ogle family removed from New Design, and in 1796 made a settlement in the American Bottom, near where the road from Bellefontaine to Cahokia descended the bluff. In 1802 Captain Ogle made one of the pioneer locations in the Ridge prairie, near the present town of O'Fallon, in St. Clair county, where he resided till his death, in 1821. His descendants reside in St. Clair county. In the year 1793 the most numerous colony Illinois, so far, had received settled in and around, the New Design This colony embraced families by the name of Whiteside, Griffin, Gibbons, Enochs, Chance, Musick, and Going. In it were many daring, enterprising, and influential men, whose ar- rival was hailed with great satisfaction by the other settlers, who were anxious to strengthen the colony against attacks of the Indians. The Whitesides were born and raised in North Carolina. They subsequently settled at Whitesides' station, southeast of Columbia. Joseph Kinney also reached the New Design settlement in HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 331 1793. He rai*:ed a crop during tlie siinimer of that year and then returned to Kentueky for liis family, which he liad left on Bear Grass creek, seven miles Ironi Louisville. From the site of Louisville he descended the Ohio to Fort Massa- cre, from which place he crossed the country to Kaskaskia, and from there came to New Design settlement. He lived on the Rock Horse creek until his death, in 1803. He ha(' seven sons and four daughters, wiio grew to years of maturity. One of his daughters married Mr. Demint, in Kentucky, in 1792. Demint came to Illinois, and made a farm southeast of New Design. (In section eighteen, town- ship three, range nine.) He was a pious man, and a good citizen. One Sunday morning, while bridling his horse, to go to meeting, the horse kicked him so .severely that he died. This occurreil in the year 1811. Andrew Kinney, son of Joseph Kinney, built a water mill on the site of Mcmroe city. The youngest daughter married Joseph Lenun, 1809. She had no education, what- e.-er, at the time of htr marriage, but went to sciiool after- ward, learned to read and write, and became the mother of a large and respectable family of children. William Kinney was born in Kentucky, in 1781, and was nearly thirteen when he came to Illinois with his father. At nineteen he married. In 180:! he removed to a place a few miles north, cast of the present city of Belleville. In 1809 he opened a store on his farm, and at that time could barely write. He became interested in religion, was baptized in 1809, and af- terward became a member of the Baptist ministry. He was .several times elected, from .St. Clair county, to the State Legislature, and in I'^^'iii became Lieutenant-Governor of the State. He died in LSI:!. Robert McMahan, a native of Virginia, came to Illinois, from Kentucky, in 1793, and settled at New Design. The next year he selected a location for a farm southeast of New Design, in what is now known as the Yankee Prairie. Here several members of his family were murdered by Indians on the twenty-sixth of January, 1795. The circumstances of this affair are elsewhere related. This massacre took placi- (jn the northeast quarter of section nineteen, township three, range nine, about a mile west of Burksvillc station. Me. Mahan removed to Ralls' riilge, in Randolph county, and thence to the vicinity of Troy, in Madison county, where he died in 1822. In the years 1790 ami I7'.I7 important additions were made to the New Design settlement. Solomon Shook and Mr. Borer arrived from Virginia in 179(), and the next year witnessed the coming of a large colony from the country adjacent to the south branch of the Potomac in Hardy countv, Virginia. A year or so jjrevious David Badgeley, Leonard Carr, Daniel Stookey, Abraham Eyeman, Mr. Whetstone and Abraham Stookey, made the journey to Ill- inois from Virginia on horseback and thoroughly explored the country with the view of selecting a good location for their neighbors in Virginia David Badgeley, who was a Baptist preacher, held religious meetings in the American settlements. The summer of 1797 was uncommonly wet and rainy, and the streams between Fort Massacre and Kaskaskia were all swollen beyond their banks. After arranging their wagons and horses and making all things ready for the jour- ney, they set out from Fort Massacre for New Design. The ravages of disease carried off almost one-half of this Vir- ginia colony during the first sunuuer and fall of their arrival. The prevailing sickness was a malignant fever supposed to be contagious. Scarcely a household but mourned the loss of one or more of its members. After 1797 the country was healthy, and that part of the colony which remained did well, and furnished many valua- ble citizens. The Carr, Stookey, Eyeman, Shook, Mitchell, Clark, Badgeley, Teter, Miller and other families left numer- ous and resi)cctable descendants. About 1800 many, among whom were Edward and Thomas To-,vV'' / roents in Illinois, and it has been the home of many dirtinguished and cele- brat d men. One of the first improve- ments was made bj'Shadrach Bond who settled in the bottom near the mouth of Dug hollow in the year 1782. He was a native of Maryland, and was raised near the city of Baltimore. He held a con- spicuous position among the early settlers of the county. Although quiet, unassumingand unambitious, he was several times elected a representative in the legislatures of both the Indian and Northwestern territory, and for many years was justice of St. Clair county court of common pleas, before Monroe Co. was organized. He was familiarly known as Judge Bond. He had a strong mind and a liberal and generous disposition. He was not ambitious for wealth but was the owner of a large body of laud. Claim 322, survey 399, was granted to him (the confirmation being made by Gov. St. (.;lair) in right of an old French concession. This comprised four hundred acres, and extended from the foot of the bluff to the bottom. Claim .'521, survey 4(10, contain ing four hundred acres, is the grant of land which he obtain- ed by virtue of his improvement. His house was at the mouth of Dug hollow, in the bottom a short distance from the bluff, and some scattered stones still remain to mark its site. On his death he was buried in the old graveyard on the bluff just above his residence. At the same time with Bond, James Garretson came to Illinois. He settled first near Bellefontaine, a mile north- east of the present town of AVaterloo, where four hundred acres of land was given him on account of the improvement he there made. He subsequently made his home in the bottom. He was the owner of claim 2609, survey 107, con- firmed to him in right of the militia claims of himself , James Bryan, and Benjamin Ogle. On the tenth of December, 1788, while hauling hay in company with Benjamin Ogle, he was attacked by two Indians. Ogle was struck in the shoulder by a ball, Garretson escaped. In stacking the same hay Samuel Garretson, a brother to James Garretson, and a man named Reddick, were killed and scalped by the Indians. James Garretson on the eighteenth of March, 1800, married Mary Carr, daughter of Joseph Carr, who came to the new design settlement in 1794. It was right after his marriage that he settKd in the bottom of what is now Moredock pre- ciuct. He was an honest and upright citizen, and an or dained preacher in the Baptist church. MONROE COUNTY. One of the most remarkable persons who ever lived in this part of the country, was John Moredock. In his honor the precinct received its name. His house was on the south side of Moredock lake on the farm now owned by William Wincklemann. His father, Barney Moredock, having died, his mother married as her second husband Michael Huff, and in the year 1786, the family set out from the Monun- gahela country, in western Penusylvania, for Illinois. They embarked in a boat on the Ohio at Red Stone, where the town of Brownsville was afterward built. While ascending the Mississijipi, they encamped for the night near the Cirand Tower. Here the party was attacked by the Indians. Mrs. Hufl', and one of her sons were killed. The body of the woman was frightfully mangled before the eyes of her son, John Moredock. The rest of the famil y came to whatis now Monroe county. The list of land grants made on account of the improvements shows that Huff, at an early date, began the cultivation of a farm about a mile north of the site of Waterloo. The family subsequently settled in the American Bottom. Mr. Huffwas killed by the Indians between Prairie du Rocher and Kaskaskia. The calamities which the Indi- ans had visited on his family excited deep feelings of hatred and vengeance in the bieast of young Moredock, and he swore eternal enmity against the .'•avage race. He was a boy svhen ho came to Illinois, and his mind and character were formed under the peculiar circumstances ihat belong to a wild and new country. He had little opportunities for education. He ci uld merely read and write, and pi .s.scssed a scant acquaintance with the rules of arithmetic. In 1803, he was elected a member of the territorial legislature, which convened at Vincenues the same year, he was a man of much strong common sense and though young made a good legislator. He had some talent and ta^te for military life. He was first Captain of a company, and afterward became Major of a battalion. In 1814 he was elected to the legis- lative assembly held at Kaskaskia, under the territorial gov- ernment. He had two daughters, but neither of whom left children ; they were excellent rifle shots, and it is said of them, that they could take off" the head ofasquirrel from the top of the tallest tree Major Moredock was in the service during the war of 1812 — 14 as Major. He died in 1830. At the mouth of Trout hollow in early times lived a Ger- man by the name of Jacob Trout, after whom the hollow received the name which it still bears. He was a tanner and traces of his old tan vats can still be discovered in the hollow a short distance from the bottom. He had a wide reputation for making an excellent quality of leather, and grew rich. An old lady, still living, Mrs PheLe Miller 333 334 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS relates that one of the wonders of her childhood, was a visit to Trout's house and the sight of a chest full of silver dollars. Alter liviug at this place many years he moved to a farm on the river where he died. Benjamin Byram lived for many years north of Moredock, where he was the owner of claim 825, survey 582, compris ing four hundred acres of land. This claim was given him in virtue of an improvement right, he having settled here previous to the year 1788. On claim 1417, survey 771, lying between Moredock lake and the bluffand immediately below the mouth of Trout hollow, Elisha Nelson made the first improvement. He lived there a few years, the grant of land obtained as account of his improvement passing into the possession of Shadrach Bond, and afterward into that of John Moredock. Clainns597, survey 5G2, on the river a mile below Smith's landing, is a grant of four hundred acres made on account of an 'jiuproveinent here made in early times by James Curry. How long he lived there is not known. He was one of Clark's soldiers, and a man of great bravery and hardihood. He came to the neighborhood of Kaskaskia shortly after the year 1780, and in the spring of 1788 had a desperate fight with the Indians. A ferry was carried on from the Missouri side of the river at this point in early times, for the claim is described as situated " on the bank of the Mississippi river, opposite Smorlesses' Ferry." The Rev. David Badgeley who had previously preached at the New Design, preached in the American Bottom during the winter of 1797 — 98, and with Elder Joseph Chance, formed a Baptist church in this pricinct in April 1798, Aaron Badge- ley lived on Moredock Lake, nearer Harrisonville. On claim 576, survey 402, at the bend of Fountain creek, east of Smith's Landing the first improvement was made by Robert Watts. George Atcheson succeeded to his right to the grant, and lived here for many years. In early times a brick house was built near the creek, on that part of the claim now owned by Philip Jehling and which was known as the George Atcheson house. Andrew Porter, in former years, occupied the farm in the bend of the creek, included in claim 576, which is now owned by James Dacre. He mar- ried a daughter of James Garretson as has been before re- marked. Daniel Shook, an early resident of the precinct, who came to Illinois from Pennsylvania, settled on claim 851, survey 406. He carried on a blacksmith shop and farm. Joseph, Benjamin and Jacob Shook were his sons. Farther up Fountain creek lived a man named Brewer. Solomon Shook, a brother of Daniel Shook, lived on claim 620, survey 564, on the north side of Moredoch lake, on land owned by John Sennot, on claim 917, survey 563. Ichabod Valentine lived in early times. The brick house on claim 309, survey 423, was built by Dan. Sink. It is one of the oldest houses now standing on Eagle prairie. It and the Atcheson house were the only two brick houses in this part of the county. In the assessment of 1817, Sink's house was assessed at six hundred dollars, within one hundred dollars of the highest valuation placed on any dwelling-house in the county, two others being assessed at seven hundred. On claim 957, survey 422, Henry Starr lived at an early period. Jehu Scott for many years lived on a farm included in claim 578, survey 420. He was a native of Maryland, and was mostly raised in Washington county, Pennsylvania- He learned the blacksmith trade in Pennsylvania, and moved to Kentucky. lu 1797 he came to Illinois and settled in the bottom, in Moredock precinct. His second wife was Polly Kinkead, daughter of James Kinkead, who came to Illinois in 1786. He carried on a blacksmith shop. He was in the ranging service during the war of 1812-14. He died near Freeburg in St Clair county, in January, 1840 The house in which he lived, in the east part of claim 578, is still standing, though additions and alterations to it have have since been made. Below Scott a man named Jameson made an early improvement. William Walker, a native of Wheeling, W. Va , settled near the old Donner place, between that farm and the brick church, in 1825, His daughter became the wife of Austin James. One of the earliest permanent settlers near the river was John Robbins, who lived about a mile south of east from Smith's Landing, on land owned by Joseph Meyer. About the year 1><20 he had a farm of forty acres under cultivation, and worked industriously at his trade of a shoemaker. The Murdick family came from Kentucky, and settled in the bottom near Judge Bond in 1796. Her husband dying the next year, Mrs. Murdick married George Blair, after- ward the first proprietor of Belleville. John Murdick, her son, was born in Kentucky in 1790, and was a soldit-r in the second war with Great Britian. After the close of the war of 1812-14 he enlisted in the regular army, and he died in the United States service. One of the oldest residents of the precinct is now Rugus Merrimau. His father, William Merriman, was a colored man whom Governor Shadrach Bond brought from Mary- land. His mother, Abagail Warner, was a bound girl be- longing to Judge Shadrach Bond. Merriman was born in the bottom, where his whole life has been passed. Stephen W. Miles, then a young man of twenty-four, em- igrated to Illinois and settled at Eagle Cliffs in 1819; he was born at Cazenova, Madison county, New York. He married Lucretia Shook. He became the owner of large tracts of land and a prominent citizen of the county. Eagle Cliffs was the name given to a post-office, first established under the blufl", at the mouth of Dug hollow, whence the name. Its location was afcerward changed, and abandoned on the establishment of the Merrimac Point post-ofiice. On the summit of the bluff, immediately below Dug hollow, is an old burying ground in which repose the re- mains of many of the pioneers in this part of the county. The situation is beautiful, and commands a far-reaching view of the fertile bottom lands, of the Mississippi river, and of the opposite shores of Missouri. Judge Bond was buried here, and John Moredock, and the tombstones disclose the names of members of the Livers, Shook, James, Miles, Todd, Voris, Alexander, and other families. The large and costly vault used by the Miles family can be seen from a consider- able distance. It is handsomely constructed of stone, with marble doors, and the inscription shows that it was erected in 1858 by Stephen W. Miles, to be used as a burial place fur himself, his family and descendants, under the care and HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 335 direction, in succession, of the oldest male heir of the family. Fountain creek, which traverses this j)art of the bottom for many miles, was called by the French I'Aigle creek. Eagle prairie has retained its French name of I'Aigle prairie. PIIsrCKNEYVILLE. PERRY COUNTY. UNCKNEYVILLE Precinct is the largest in the county. It comprises all of town four, range three, lying south of sections seventeen and eighteen, as well as all south of Swanwiek creek ; all of township two, range two, lying west of sec- tions two, eleven and eighteen, and west of Little Beaucoup creek, — all of town five, range three, — and all that part of township six, range three, lying west of Beaucoup creek and northeast of Galum creek. The surface is undulating, with here and there a small prairie. The greater portion, however, was formerly covered with a heavy growth of timber, most of which has long since been removed to give place to productive farms. The soil is fertile and well adapted to agriculture. The precinct is well watered and drained by Beaucoup, Little Beaucoup, and Galum creeks, with their numerous small tributaries. Lake Breese is a handsome sheet of water near Pinckney- ville. Beaucoup and Grand Cote bound it on the north ; Tamaroa and Du (^uoin on the east ; Jackson county and South Western on the south ; Cutler and Grand Cote on the west. Population (1880) 3,589 Pinckneyville Precinct takes its name from the county seat. The county seat received its name from the act incor- porating the county, which provided in its second section : "that the seat of justice, when established in the county, should be known as Pinckneyville." If we are to receive the tradition from father to son, this precinct is the first settled portion of the county. In 1799, John Flack came with his family and settled in Four Mile Prairie, on or near the place where Benton Ozburn now lives, the southwest quarter of section 11, town 6, range 3. When he settled there, he found only one other white family living in the county, and their name was Cox. They lived on Claim No. 1410, .Survey No. 459, where sections 17 and 18 are located, in town six, range two — the only claim and survey in Perry county. Whence and when Cox came to our county, or what became of him after having clothed himself with the honor of being the first settler of ourcounty, we know not. We only know, from tradition, that Flack found Cox here in 1799, and that Mr. Cox di.-^ajipears, so far as the history of our county is concerned. The original John Flack left a son, John Flack, who was born in 1803, and whom our first settlers found living in Four Mile, when they first came to this precinct Fergus Milligan came from Iredell county. North Caro- lina, in the spring of 1827, first settling three miles north- west of Pinckneyville, on what is yet called Milligan Hill. He improved the farm belonging to the Harmonies. In the fall of 1827 he removed to the Four Mile Prairie, and made himself a home on the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 11, town 6, south range 3. This pioneer had a family of nine children when he came to the county, whose names were : Abner M., John, Milton, Thomas B., William R., Joseph B., sons; and three daughter. He died some years ago, after seeing the wonderful change in the development of the county. About the year 1818 or 1819, it is said, a man named Bates, or Bets, made some little improvements on the banks of Beaucoup. about three miles south of the present site of Pinckneyville ; and tradition has it that Bates came home from Kaskaskia one night terribly wounded and cut to pieces, from the effects of which wounding he died ; and that he was buried about ten rods west of the old coal bank. How and from whom he received the wounds is not known. Indeed, the family had abandoned the county when our set- tlers, in 1820, came into the county- Traces, however, re- mained to show improvements of a rude kind made near the place described, which is strong evidence that somebody had been there. Whether it was Bates or not we have no positive information. B. A. Brown and family settled in Six Mile Prairie about 1815. We have no further trace of this family. In 1822, Shadrach Lively settled in this precinct in southwest corner of Holt's Prairie. Matthew Jones settled on the wesl side of Holt's Prairie about 1826. John Hazzard came with Jones, or about the same time. They were from Tennessee. Also, John Berry, from Tennessee, settled in Holt's Prairie in 1826. Abner Flack, from S.uth Carolina, settled in Four Mile Prairie in 1826. George Franklin settled one-half mile south of Pinckneyville in 1826. H. B. Jones came to Pinckneyville, and settled near the site of the Old Spring, April 21, 1827. Humphrey B. Jones, a Kentuckian, came to Browns- ville, Jaikson county, tWn State, first in April, 1821, pre- vious to coming to this county. 336 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES. ILLINOIS. Ephraim Bildeiback and Charles Garner came to Four Mile Prairie and settled in the southwest part of it in 1826. The)' came from Randolph county. Jonathan Petit came from Randolph, and settled on what is now our County Poor Farm in 1827. Robert Woodside, James Kinzey and William Armstrong came to the Four Mile and settled in 1829. They were Kentuckians. In 1828, James Steele (father of John St-ele), and Wil- liam Craig settled in Four Mile Prairie. Berry Crain, from New York, and McDowell, from North Carolina, settled in the south end of Four Mile Prairie in 1828. In 1 830, James Woodside (father of S. M. Woodside), set- tled on the west half of northeast quarter of section 7, town 6, range 2 west. They were from Kentucky. A. Crawford was one of the old settlers of the south end of Four Mile Prairie, — the date of his settlement not being known, though it was previous to 1827, as he was then liv- ing on what is now known as the Old Bill Murphy place. Abner Flack surveyed the State Road from Shawneetown to Kaskaskia, and gave Four and Six Mile Prairies their present names. The second store kept in Pinckneyville was by David Baldridge in l-<30. His log-cabin store-house, which he afterward built, occupied the lands where the buildings of Charles Hoffman now stand, on the east side of the squares. By reference to the county records we find that a license was granted to David Baldridge by the county commis- sioners' court to keep store in the county in 1831. He first kept store in the court-house. About 1827 and 1828, H. B. Jones kept the post-office at his residence near the Spring. About the first paper that ■we have any account of coming to the county through the post-ofRce was called the Kentucky Reporter. Joseph Wells kept the first licensed tavern at Pinckue}'- ville in the year 1829. His little log-cabin stood on the corner where G. R. liinck it Bro.'s store building now is, and was the first house ever put up in Pinckneyville. Wells entertained travellers when the case demanded it. From the old county records we find that the county com- missioners' court rented the court house to David Baldridge to keep store in, from April, 1830, to October, 1830. Except during terms of court Baldridge was to pay seventy-five cents a month rent for the use of it. The county records also show that a merchant's license was granted to Josiah B. Denning in the year 1830, and that a license was also granted to Limmick & Denning in 1831. Denning started his store in the same year with Baldridge, commencing shortly after him. Previous to the establishment of dry goods stores in Pinckneyville the settlers obtained their stock at St. Louis, going on a kind of pilgrimage once or twice a year for this purpose. John Milligan, of Four Mile, states that he was oue of the party who met at Pinckneyville in 1828 for the purpose of cutting out the first roads from the place. They divided into parties, opening the road north toward Nashville, an- other toward Six Mile, west, and still another to the east boundary of the county. Among the first blacksmiths in Pinckneyville was Bergen Happy. The first blacksmith that pretended to keep a stock of iron on hand was William Neil. We were informed by J. S. Wilson that he has in his possession a pair of old dog-irons, as they are called, which he purchased at Michael Baldridge's sale, and which are the workmanship of this pio- neer blacksmith, Neil, and, what is more, he says, they are pretty good yet. Joseph Craig, who resides in Grand Cote, had a blacksmith shop west of Pinckneyville, near where W. G. Wilson now lives, at an early day. He ironed the first jail built in the county, in 1833-34. In 1825-26 the farmers made most of their own plows. They were famil- iarly known as the bull-tongue pattern of plow, and in many instances were constructed out of a forked stick, one fork answering to the beam, the other acting as plow and doing the scratching, while rude handles were pinned to the main branch. Our informant states that when the first settlers Saw an iron plow at work in 1830 they declared it would ruin the land, because it turned the ground up so sleek. The first iron plows, if we are correctly informed, came from Kaskaskia. Bergen Happy made the first plowshares at Pinckneyville about 1830. They were known as the Carie plow. Alexander did the stocking part The mouldboard was generally a slab split from a twisted post oak in order to give it the proper curve, Alexander Nelson, who came to this county from Ireland in 1832, was a wagonmaker, and perhaps the first in the precinct. He lived two miles southwest of Pinckneyville. He generally went round in the neighborhood and begged seasoned white oak rails, out of which to make the running gear of the wagons. Bergen Happy did the iron work. Matthew Thompson was the first wagonmaker to put up a shop in Pinckneyville ; this was about the year 1833. Previous to 1830 a great many truck wagons were made ; the wheels being made of sections sawed from sycamore or black gum logs. Of that class of wagons every man was his own manufacturer. With a heavy load, on a dry day, it was no uncommon thing for the spindles to take fire. The old settlers represent their screaking as loud enough to be heard a mile on a still morning. George Franklin was among our pioneer shoemakers. In 1829, Mr. Wilson states, he made Franklin one hundred rails, while Franklin made him a pair of shoes. David Baldridge sold the first pair of shoes at his store in Pinck_ neyville. Wash Glover was perhaps the first man tha^, made shoes at Pinckneyville, in 1829. One of our old pio. neers took him a piece of leather to have himself a pair of shoes made ; the first pair he burned on the last and ruined, and after he had taken still another piece of leather and cut out another pair, he ran away. In the matter of grist-mills, Pinckneyville had her share in the early days. Previous to 1830 the settlers, or many of them in this precinct, had their milling done at Elijah Well's mill on the west side of Nine Mile. In 1829 they got some grinding done at Shade Lively's mill in Holt's Prairie. EISIORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 337 la 1839, Levi Green built a thread mill, six or eight miles west of Pinckoeyville on the Chester road. It was operated by six or eight oxen, and was considered about one of the best mills iu the county. It was operated for several years. The records of the county court contain an order of per- mission to Amos Anderson (after an inquest by a jury of ad quad damnum) to build a mill dam across Big Beaucoup near the present crossing of the W. C. and W. R. R. Track. We believe neither dam or mill was ever built. This occurred in 1831, and in 1832 similar proceedings were had for the erection of a dam across Beaucoup at the Woodside Ford. Shade Lively had an old hand or tug mill in Holt's prairie. It was put up in 1829, and run about four years. James Woodside built a horse-mill on Beaucoup shoals in 1833 and '34. He died, however, before its completion, and his son Samuel Woodside put it in operation and run it several years, when he sold it to Robert Yearing, who removed it to Nine Mile Prairie and ran it some vears. In 1840, John Steele and John Elder put up a carding mill, and run it several years on the place where John Hepp now lives. In 1839, David Thomas built a steam saw mill, (the first thing of the kind that we knew of in the county) on the lake which bears his name, south of the present site of Pinckney- ville, about a mile and a half distance. This mill was run about four years. In 18.52, what is now known as Schulz's old mill, was purchased by Wood & Kirkwood, of same parties, on Mary's river, moved here and put up. At that day it was an important thing. It too, however, has had its day and generation. Blanton & Stilley put up a water mill on Beaucoup, a short distance above Lake Breese, about the year 1836, but it proved a failure after a few years' trial. The floods destroyed it, and financially its owners also. As before stated, Joseph Wells kept the first saloon in Pinokneyville in 1827, and Humphrey B. Jones the first postofiice in 1827 and '28. A minister named Micajah Phelpj probably did the first preaching in Piiik- neyville, at the little house that stood on Hincke's corner, about 1828 or '29. Phelps was a Jlethodist. The first camp meeting in the county is said to have been held at Mud Prairie about 1838 or 1839. The Rev. James Gore, Nathan G. Curlee, and Father Chase preached to a large attendance. In Feb., 1830, Rev. S. C. Baldridge, an Associate Reformed Presbyterian Minister, preached at the house of James Brown, Sr. It was about this time the Hopewell Con- gregation was founded. In 1831, the Rev. Peter Hagler, a Baptist, preached at the house of James Thompson, in Four Mile Prairie. The Hopewell was the first church built in the county. Commenced in 1831 and com- pleted in 1833. The members all united and worked to- gether to build it under William Adair, chief carpenter. The occasion of the interruption and delay in building was Adair's absence in the Black Hawk War. The first school taught in this precinct was in 1831, near Robert Woodside's, in the western part of Four ilile Prairie, in a little log house, 16x16 feet. The term lasted six months, at 82. .50 a scholar. Webster's old spelling book and Pike's arithmetic were the principal text books. In 1832, Eliza Smith, from Ky., kept school in a small log 43 cabin near Thomas Armstrong's. This schookhouse was kept up about four years. S. M. Woodside also taught school there. The New Testament, Webster's Spelling Book, the first edition of Pike's Arithmetic, and the Colum- bian Orator, were the standard text books. June 3, 1833, the SheriflT, as the records of the County Commissioners Court show, was authorized to let the court-house for a school-room, for fifty cents rent per month, to be paid either by the teacher or subscribers. In 1833, Bryant Bender taught a neighborhood or family school in an old outhouse, near where Cy. Willis lived. Books were so scarce that they sometimes divided a Testament into two or three pieces, so each might have a portion. The first physician who practiced in Pinckney ville precinct, was Dr. Brayshaw of Old Du Quoin, and Dr. Conrad Will of Brownsville, Jackson county. Dr. Will, it is said, was very fond of hunting, and, for that purpose, kept a pack of hounds, which he would often take along, when he went to see a patient and stay and hunt until the patient either got better or died. He was elected to the legislature, sitting at Vandalia, and to while away leisure hours he took his hounds along with him to coon-hunt. Dr. H. B. Jones was the first resident physician at Pinckneyville, settling there in 1827. The first resident lawyers were H. B. Jones, and W. B. Edwards. Next came Sylvester Adams, B. G. Roots, and Charles L. Starbuck. H. B. Jones held most of the principal oflJices of the county at an early day. Few men in that early day commanded the influence of H. B. Jones, and few men have sustained such unbroken confidence in all the varied ca- pacities iu which he served the people, whether as physician, attorney, or ofiicer. H. B. Jones, the first lawyer, first cir- cuit clerk, first recorder, first justice of the peace, first notary public, first postmaster, first judge of probate, and the first master in chancery in the county, was born in Shelby county, Kentucky, January 13, 1799, and died at his home in Pinckneyville, Nov. 18, 18.').'), without a stain upon his name or character, private or public, honored, esteemed, and respected by all who knew him. The first lands entered in what is now Pinckneyville township were as follows: March 2, 1813, James Flack, W. * of S. W. J, section 14, 80 acres ; October 1, 1814, John Flack, N. E. i of section 22, 160 acres; April 25, 181.'), William Mcintosh, all of section 27, 640 acres; April 2.5, 181-5, S. Lavapein, S. i of section 10, 320 acres ; April 25, 1815, Alexander Douglass, N. J of section 10, 320 acres; March 16, 1819, Roger Claxton, S. W. } of section 34, 160 acres ; and Benjamin Brown, W. i of the N. E. } of section 19, 80 acres, all in town six south, range three west. In town five south range three, Joshua Davis entered the E. i of S. E. i of section 34, containing 80 acres, November 30, 1818. CITY OF PINCKNEYVILLE. The history of the survey and plat of Pinckneyville may be found in the chapter of Civil History of the county. At the first sale of lots, on the fourth Monday of February we find the following sales : 338 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Charles C. Glover, No. 21, ... . J22.0O Eli Short, No. 42 J13.U0 Amos Anderson, No. 20 8.00 David H. Meail, No. 10 10.00 Amos Anderson, No. 22 10.00 James Murphy, No. 18 10.25 Amos Anderson, No. 23 0.00 William H. Tlirelkol,No. 30 . . . 15.50 Joseph Wells, No. 38 32.,50 John Hnggins, No. 4.0 13.00 Wm. Brown 4 Jas. Crain,No. 43 . 20.60 DavidPyle, Nol7 8.OC14 No. 44 . . IC.OO Elijah Wells, No. 31 20 00 fiabriel Jones, No. in 12.50^ Robert Caldwell, No. 30 20.00 William Garner, No. 28 22.1214 Berry Anderson, No. 15 D.OO William C. Murphy, No. 37 . . . 26.00 William Johnson, No. 14 5.00 Matthew Vann, No 39 17..W Mavid Baldridge, Nos. 26, 27, 33 . 37.47 There were twenty-four lots sold, and one thousand two hundred and twenty-three dollars and twenty-eight and one- half cents realized from the sale. The first dry goods store in this city was kept by Charles Glover in 1827. His storeroom was a small log building which occupied the lot where Jacob Kunz's blacksmith shop now stands on the north side of the public square. As most of the historical facts connected with the city are given in the foregoing pages of the precinct history we will not repeat them here. No organization was ever had until March 17, 1857, when an election was held at the court house for the purpose of voting upon the question of incorporation. Lewis Hammack was chosen president of the election and William McEwing clerk. The vote was almost unanimous in favor of incor- poration, there being thirty-nine votes in favor and only two opposed. On the twenty-sixth of the same month an election was held, and John Baird, J. L. Mann, S. M. Carter, Philip Gruner and A. D. Gosney were elected trustees. On the 30th of September, 1872, an election was held as to the adoption of the general law, and was carried by a vote of thirty-four in favor to sixteen opposed. The first steam mill in the town as well as the county, was built during the years 1854 to 1856. It was erected by a corporation known as the Pinckneyville Mill Company, at a cost of $20,000. The company was organized on the 22d day of September, 1854, and John Baird as President, Humphrey B. Jones as Secretary, Hawkins S. Osburn, Joel Rushing and Fergus M. Milligan were the first trustees. A three story brick building, sixty by forty feet, with a stone basement, was erected nearly north of the present public school building. The capital stock was $15,000 divided into three hundred shares. A good steam engine furnished the motive power, while a saw and three run of burrs, with a capacity of fifty barrels a day, comprised the machinery. The mill never paid its owners, and was totally destroyed by fire in 18G0. Besides the handsome and substantial county building, there are numerous large and commodious brick business houses, almost surrounding the public square ; and many handsome and costly private residences in the town. The education of the children is well cared for in a handsome two-story six-room brick building. Five churches care for the moral and spiritual welfare of the community. The Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Lutheran and Roman Catholic congregations have handsome brick church edifices, while that of the German Methodists is a neat frame. The streets of the village are wide, and the sidewalks are kept in good repair. The street surrounding the public square has just been well macadamized at a heavy expense ; and many feet of tile sewering is now being laid. The railroad facilities of the town are of the most beneficial character, as the Cairo Short Line Railroad enters the precinct at the northwest corner, passing across it, and through the village in a dia- gonal direction, and passes out at the southeast corner. The Chester and Tamaroa railroad passes through Pinckneyville and across the entire precinct from southwest to northeast; while the St. Louis Coal Railroad has its northern terminus at Pinckneyville, connecting it with Murphysboro. Few towns are more favorably situated for manufacturing, as a supply of water, coal and timber are found in abundance. PRESENT BUSINESS. Pinckneyville Coal Mining Company. — The certificate of incorporation of this company is dated October 7th, 1874, and names S. J. Gillis, Alansou Edwards, and M. C. Edwards, as commissioners, to open subscription books. The company was to exist for ninety-nine years, and have its office at Pinckneyville. The capital stock was $15,000, divided into one hundred and fifty shares. The share- holders were John R Jones, who held twenty-seven shares ; Alanson Edwards, six shares; S. J. Gillis, twenty five shares ; B. W. Jones, five shares, and George W. Gillis eighty-seven shares. At an election for Directors, held October 1st, 1874, John R. Jones was elected for one year, Alanson Edwards, two years, and S. J. Gillis for three years. The following spring a shaft was sunk, and a five and one-half foot vein of good coal reached, at a depth of thirty feet. The works are operated by steam, and employ twenty men, who dig from four to five car-loads daily. The mines now belong to Hon. William K. Murphy, and are operated by Barwell & Carter. Ploio Factory. — This industry was established in 1868, by Enoch C. Eaton. The building is a onestory frame, one hundred and thirty by forty feet. Four forges are in con- stant use. The motive power is furnished by a twenty-four horse power engine. The establishment employs ten hands in the manufacturing of Eaton's sulky and walking plows, which have an extensive sale. Other agricultural imple- ments are also manufactured. About ten thousand dollars are invested in the business. City Flouring Milk.— These mills were built in 1871, by John H. Schulze & Sou, at a cost of twenty-six thousand dollars. The building is a three-story brick, seventy -five by forty-five feet, with a brick engine room; in which there is a sixty horse-power engine. The mill is furnished with four run of burrs, and many of the late improvements. Thecapacityof the mill is one hundred and twenty-five barrels^ much of which find a ready market in New Orleans and St. Louis. Ten men find employment in the mill, and seven in the cooper shop. The present owners and opera- tors are Nolle, Standing & Co. This firm ships about one hundred thousand bushels of wheat annually. " 0. K." M/Z.— Henry Bohn built this mill in 1874, at a cost of eight thousand dollars. It is now owned by Sawyer & McCracken, of Nashville, and operated by A. Duckworth, manager. The building is a frame, forty by thirty feet, three stories high, with a warehouse, twelve feet HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 339 wide, the entire length of the building. The machinery is moved by an engine of sixty-horse power. There are three setts of burrs in the mill, whose capacity is seventy-five barrels a day. The business is principally custom. Four hands are employed in the mill. There is a cooper shop attached, in whioh three hands are employed. About eighty thousand bushels of wheat are shipped annually. Fallon Mills.— The owner and present proprietor, Robert V. Fallou, erected this mill in 1874, at a cost of §5,000. The building is a two-story frame, forty by twenty-four feet, with a wing twenty four feet square. It is supplied with a thirty-horse power engine, a wheat, a corn, and a middling burr. Its ca])acity is thirty-five barrels. This is a strictly custom mill. A saw-mill is also attached. Four men find employment in this establishment. Banking Home of Murphy, Wall & Co. — Friend Smith and Robert Rushing, cashiers. General Store-f. — G. R. Hincke & Bro., Lewis Weingarlh, C. H. Gieser &Co., J. P. Cowens, Henry Driemeyer, J. W. Bischof & Bros., O. S. Butler. DniggiisU. — Campbell & McNeil, Prudence E. Smith. Grocers. — W. R. Schember, R. H. Eaton. Confectionery and Restaurant. — J G. Hepp, R. H. Eaton, Alexander McCants, Edward Smidt. Jeweler. — Charles Geumalley. Millinery and Fancy Goods. — Wilson & Christian. Phy-icians. — William L. McCandless, George S. Smith, R. S. Peyton, Guy Morrison, Thomas Holman. Insurance. — Mortimer C. Edwards & Bro, Ralph G. Wil- liams. Hardware. — Jacob M. Kunz. House Furnishing and linner. — Philip Gruner. Boots and Shoes. — Fred. Beck. Saddler and Harness Maker. — Charles A. Hoffman. BlacLvniths and Wagon Makers. — Slimpert & JIcDonald, Driemeyer & Schoch, J. M. Kunz. Real Estate. — Kane & Bischof Clothing and Notions. — A. Haas, Joel M. Sullivan. Merchant Tailors. — Lutz k Brey. Sewing Machines. — Fred. Beck. Furniture and Undertakers.^-Kohert (i. Thompson, .Vdam YuDg. Books. — Robert Q. Thompson. Grain Dealers. — J. L. Murphy, Lewis Yung. Lmmbcr and Bnildrrs' Material. — Wangelin & Co. Carpenters and Contraclor.i. — W iWia.m G. Wilson, Adam Gieser & Son, Joseph Schilling, Martin Schneider. Butchers. — Henry Kaiser, Henry Mcehlhauscn. Shoemnkcr. — William Dunn. Brick Mason. — John Gruver. Stonemasons. — Herman Mueske. Milliners and Dressmakers. — Miss Sophia Schrader, Miss Lena Hoffman. I>re.%smaker . — Mrs. Wallace. Barbers. — Charles Geumalley, E1, 1874, aged ■'JO years. His widow and two children are yet resid- ing at the homestead. Edwin H. Lemen was reared to the occupation of farm- ing. He had received a liberal common school education while quite young, and having received a certificate, he taught school very acceptably at eighteen years of age. He afterwards attended school at Shurtleft' College, and subse- quently attended the course at the law department of Mich- igan University, at Ann Arbor, and received his diploma. Having thus thoroughly prepared himself for the practice of the law, he received his liceii.se and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1868. He located in Pinckueyville, and for some two years in connection with his first practice of the law his time was partially occupied in school teaching and journalism. On September 24, 1871, at Bethel Baptist Church, the Rev. Dr. Post officiating, Mr Lemen was united in marriage with the companion of his early child- hood, and youthful schoolmate, Miss Cynthia Cornelia Be- gole, youngest daughter and child of Joshua and Marv Begole, of Ridge Prairie, St. Clair county. As a result of this union there were two children ; the first, Maud Parepa, was born March 2, 187.5, and is now an intelligent and charming little girl ; the second child, a son, born December 15, 1876, and died in infancy. Mr. Lemen and his wife purchased themselves a good home and farm adjoining Pinckueyville, a part of which is included in its corporate limits. While Mr. Lemen's religion and politics were matters of deliberate reason and careful choice after the mature judg- ment of manhood, it so happened in these important matters there is no conflict between them and those of his ancestors for a century back. While his ancestors were in religion Baptists, and in politics Whigs, of the anti-slavery and Re- publican faith, so also is the subject of this sketch. He united with the Bethel Baptist Church in St. Clair county, in the winter of 1871, and uniformly contributes his influ- ence for the support of his church, though not narrowly sectarian in his respect for, and confidence in, the other Christian churches. Mr. Lemen transferred his member- ship by letter from Bethel Church to the First Baptist Church at Pinckueyville, in which church he has ever since been a prominent member and supporter, contributing to the church as well as to the other religious and eleemosyn- ary purposes such aid as his means will justify. In the rational gradation of duty next perhaps to a man's religion is his humanitarian impulses toward his race. For the aristocracy of men of shoddy wealth Mr. Lemen has no veneration ; but the toilers of the country, whether in the department of mental activity or of manual labor, he holds in perpetual esteem and honor : and with the latter his sym- pathy is not theoretical, but experimental, as his labors in every department of farming duty qualified him to respett toil. The toilers of the age are the men who are bearing the banners of our civilization upward and onward, and he respects them. In the application by the government of the great questions of political economy he favors such ad- justments as will reduce the burdens of taxation on the laboring masses, while at the same time protecting them from the too overpowering competition of the products of foreign labor- In politics a Repblican by virtue of inheritance, reason and right, Mr. Lemen is less a partisan than a patriot. He would carry forward the principles of his party by making them conserve the highest public interests ; but the prostitu- tion of the party to mere individual ends seldom if ever of any advantage to the public, and often corrupt atid dishon- orable, he opposes. He favors the complete elimination of the so-called spoils system from the domain of partisan poli- tics, and the consequent suppression of that intense and arrogant pha.se of bossism which permits the perpetuation of individual power, often weak and frequently venal, at the expense of the public interest and good. In the acceptance of ofiice he holds that an intelligent conception of the peo- ple's rights and interests should be the cardinal idea, and that cliques and personal ends are not to be conserved thcrc- b)'. Of the people and for the people, Mr. Lemeu is by no means oblivious to a consciousness of the compliments im- jilied when the peojile tender a position ; but for the means freciuently employed by the craft and intrigue of politicians to secure preferment and place, he has no sympathy or re- spect. Being a man of strong convictions and uncompro- mising views of duty and honesty, as well in politics as in the business relations of life, he holds that the sanctity of integrity and honesty should obtain and control in that sphere as well as in every other calling. The mere facts and data in biographical history are readily compiled, and in this case the author trusts that the ]42 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. subject of this sketch with the readers generally will here fiud tlieai accurately given ; but in delineating those factors of character, temperament, and mental attributes which so largely enter in to make men and mankind what they are, the task is for more delicate and difficult. An unbending conscience, a resolute will, and a discerning judgment form a combination which is the augury of success. Possessed of this triple alliance of subjective forces in a large measure, the subject of this sketch is pressing to the front ranks of the legal profession. The possession of those intellectual forces which make it possible for him to deliver a speech before a jury or an audience wiih such marked eflect and impassioned feeling as generally characterize his efforts, has justly won for him the popular good will and esteem which such qualities merit. As a writer of merit and force he is recoo-nized by the journalists throughout the State, and through this avenue the line to success and distinction is open to him if he should elect to accept it. Naturally rapid and forcible in the delivery of thought, Mr. Lenien is of an impetuous and positive temperament, and though quick to resent an indignity, he always holds himself open- and amenable to the convictions of right. Such characteristics of course will create a few opponents, but hosts of friends ; and such is Mr. Lemeu's social status. In the practice of the law he is scrupulously observant of that professional comity and courtesy due his legal associates, the court, and ■witnesses, and to all whom it is his duty to defend or oppose. From the proceeds of his practice, with those received from their form, Mr. Lemen and his family derive a fair compe- tence and support at their home in the suburbs of Pinck- neyville, where they now reside. In addition to our sketch here of Mr. Lemen the author ■will add a brief sketch of his wife. A community is what its men and women make it, and the aims and ends of his- tory are not fully conserved unless it reflect in some degree the antecedents of both. Cynthia Cornelia Begole, twelfth and youngest child of Joshua and Mary Begole, was born at the old homestead, in Ridge Prairie, St. Clair county, Illinois, December 12th, l.s5() The family are of French origin, emigrating from France toward the close of the seventeenth century, having, by reason of belonging to the Huguenots, been expelled from the realm as a result of the revocation of the celebrated edict of Nantes, about the year 1685, whence they settled in America. About the year 1805, her paternal grandfather removed with his family from the state of Maryland, and settled in Livingston county. New York. Joshua Begole, her father, was born in Washington county, Maryland, March 25th, 1792. In the spring of 1819, prompted no doubt by that spirit of adventure so characteristic of the young man of perseverance and enter- prise, Mr. Begole, after many trials and adventures, cal- culated to overcome a less determined spirit, came to St. Clair county. Ills., via Detroit, Cincinnati and St. Louis, rich in nothing, save a vigorous manhood, industrious dis position and a will to win his own way in life. On March 2nd, 1824, he was united in marriage, by the Rev. John M. Peck, to Mary Terry, the daughter of George Terry and Sallie, nee Linton, natives of Virginia who had removed and settled in the American Bottom. The mother of the subject of this sketch, was born May 15th, 1808, and at the age of three years, her father having died and her mother remar- ried, the family removed to Ridge Prairie, where Miss Terry resided at the time of their marriage In 1820 they began the battle of life in earnest, by the purchase of a home of 80 acres of land, in Ridge Prairie, near the present site of O'Fallon, St. Clair county. Ills., to which, by industry and economy, they added several hun- dred acres of the best and most valuable lands in that farm- ing district, as the result of their united labor and effort. Mr. Begole was a leading citizen ; for many years a justice of the peace, his good judgment, practical common sense and unswerving predisposition to the right inspiring his fellow citizens with the utmost confidence in him as an officer and man. In 18.j7 he purchased the large farm, two miles south- east of Collinsville, to which he removed and where he re- sided until his death, which transpired March 2nd, 1874— fifty years to a day from date of his marriage, at the ripe old age of 82 years, beloved and respected by all who knew him, his last resting place being the cemetery adjoining the Bethel church, where his membenship had been placed near a half century before. His life having been that of the con- sistent devoted Christian, his rest is that of the saint. He united with the Bethel Baptist Church, August the 4th, 1827, his wife united with the Church, Oct. 6th, 1827, and with a liberal hand and sincere purpose, trusting in the blessed promises of Heaven for their reward, for well nigh fifty years, they sought to keep the way of life together! His amiable companion who still survives him, resides with her son at the old homestead. The issue of the marriage was twelve children, four of whom are dead, the others ex- cept Mrs. Lemen, reside in St. Clair county in this state, most estimable and well-to-do citizens. Mrs. Lemen's childhood was at the old home, being about seven years old when the family removed to their place near Collinsville. Here she passed her girlhood days and entered the years of womanhood. Her opportunities and advantages for intellectual culture, training and refinement were neither wanting nor neglected. With a naturally vig- orous mind, having made the best use of these advantages at the schools at home, she visited New York and there underwent a thorough training in the schools of music ; bringing back to her home the honors of her classes, which merit, and not favoritism had conferred. At the early age of thirteen years, she embraced religion, was baptized by the Rev. D. P. French, and united with the Bethel Baptist church in St. Clair county. Here she re- mained a member until her membership with that of her husband was transferred to the Fist Baptist church at Pinck- neyville, where her efforts and influence are devoted to the interests of the church, being an active laborer in the Sab- bath-school and in other church work. At home Mrs. Lemen is truly the good wife the comfort and happiness of husband and child, being her joy and ambition, and the pride of her every day life. In society she counts her friends by scores. The standard by which she selects her 342A HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. -.'M daily associates, friends and companions being merit, rather than the caste, which position or fortune may create, with- out regard to those nobler attributes, which beautify the heart and soul. JAMES J. PENNY. The present editor and publisher of the Democrat is a native of Benton Franklin county, Illinois, and was born No- vember 2, IS'iG. He is the youngest son of J. A. and Mar- tha A. (Patton I Penny. His parents were natives of Middle Tennessee and immigrated to Illinois about 1845 and settled in Franklin county, where the father died in 1S.")6. His wife and mother of James J. still survives him, and is a resi- dent of Benton. The subject of this sketch received a good English eJucatirn in the public schools of his native county. While yet young he entered as an apprentice in the office of the Johnson County Journal at Vienna and learned the printer's trade, and subsequently became the publisher and continued its publication for eighteen months, after which he worked in the Union office in Anna, Illinois. In 1S77 he went to Cairo and was foreman in the lUdletin and Anjns offices at difterent times and continued there until Novem- ber, ISSl, when he came to Pinckneyville and purchased the office of the Perry County Democrat, and has edited and conducted its publication to the present. Mr. Penny is a practical printer of industrious habits and plenty of energy, and it will be no fault of his if he fails to give the people of Perry county a good live newspaper. He was reared a Democrat and votes that ticket. On the 4th of July, 1882, he was united in marriage to Miss Bertha A., daughter of Joseph M. and Mary (Ba.xter) Sullivan, of Pinckneyville. Mrs. Penny is a member of the M. E. Church. J. K. P. RAGLAN I). Til 1-; subject of this sketch is on the maternal side descended from one of the pioneer families of Illinois. The Raglands on the paternal side are of Scotch ancestry. Members of the family originally settled in South Carolina, and during the Revolution fought on the side of the patriots. Benjamin Ivagland, the grandfather, came to Kentucky soon after the State was admitted to the Union. John B. Ragland, his son, and fethcr of J. K. P was born in Allen county, Ky., August 27, l.H2y. He came to Illinois in 1S32, and lived the first six months of his residence here in a Sugar Camp on Rushing branch in Grand Cote prairie, and then settled on a place now owned by Robert C. Rushing, and there fol- lowed farming until the Mexican war, when he enlisted in Co. K of the 2d Regt. Ills. Vols. He took part with his command in the desperate battle of Bucna Vista, and was wounded in the engagement, which wound finally caused his death July 5th, iHii'.i. He married Miss Martha J. Huggins October 23, 1844. She was a daughter of John Huggins, Sr., a resident yet of Lost Prairie and a native of South Carolina. He came to what is now Perry county in 1802, and is the oldest settler in the county, and if we mistake not the oldestsettlerlivingiu Illinois. The Huggins werefrom the Abbeyville District in South Carolina. Robert Huggins the grandfather of Mrs. Ragland came to Illinois in 1802 and stopped at Menard Springs opposite Kaskaskia in Ran- dolph county. He married Catharine Lively, sister of John Lively, who together with his family were murdered by the Indians at a settlement on Crooked creek north of Nashville in Washington county, Illinois. The union of John B. and Martha Ragland was blessed with but one child — the subject of this sketch. He was born on Lost Prairie, Perry county, Illinois, December 27, 1^(4.5. He was educated in the public schools of Perry county. At the age of twenty-one he commenced the study of law in the office of Messrs. Youngblood & Barr, attorneys of Ben- ton, Franklin county, Illinois, and also attended the law school in same place, under the management of Judge A. D. Duff, and was admitted to the bar in 18(j!(. In l'<71 he moved to Pinckneyville and commenced to practice. In June 1X73 he was appointed one of the Justices of the Peace of the County Court. In November of the same year he was elected to the same position, and in 18'S1 was re-elect- ed and is now holding that position Politically he has uuiformly voted the Democratic ticket. He is a member of the Baptist church, and regularly ordained as a minister in that Christian organization. WILLIAM E. GLADSON W.\s born in Sullivan county, Tennessee, January 25, 1849. His father was a native of North Carolina, and moved to Tennessee, where he remained until l''<54, when he came to Illinois, and settled in Perry county, where he at pre_-ent re- sides. He learned the carpenter trade, and followed that and farming. He married Mary J. Doggette, whose mother was of English birth, and of the name of Brimmer. She was bora in Fredericksburg, Virginia. By the marriage of W. L. and Mary J. Gladsou, there were seven children, four sons and three daughters, and three sons and one daughter are yet living. The subject of this sketch is the eldest of the chil- dren. He was but five years of age when his parents came to the State. Here in Perry county he was reared, and re- ceived a good English education in the public schools of Pinckneyville and surrounding country. He learned the trade of cari)eiiter, and worked at that, and later engaged in farming, which has been his priiKii)al avocation for a num- ber of years. On the 1st of January, 1878, he was appointed, by the Board of County Commissioners, Superintendent of the Poor Farm, and reappointed each year afterward, and is now serving his fifth year in that capacity. He is a care- ful and competent man for that position, and has been com- plementeil by F. H. Wiues,Sec'y of the State Board of Pub- lic Charities, for the excellent manner in which he conducts his business and on his reports. On the iUh of October, 1871, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary, daughter of Wil- liam and Margaret Owens. She was born in Kilmarnock, on the Frith of Forth, Scotland. By that union there are four children living, whose names are Robert Lindsey, Geo. Andrew, Arthur William, and Sarah Ethel Gladson. Politi- cally, Jlr. Gladson is a Democrat. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and at the present time is N. G. of Beaucoup Lodge No. 159. 344 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. '^'kr '^/'^^^^y<^<>^^t^ Walter Scott Dinsmore Smith, the present county clerk, who has just entered upon his third term, is a native of Ohio, born at Beallsville, Monroe county, January 12, 1845. Samuel Smith, the great-grandfather of Walter, was a native of Scotland, a Presbyterian clergyman, educated at the University of Edinburgh. He came to America, settled in New Jersey, and was for a short time a teacher in the Theological Seminary at Princeton ; taught a select school at Rahway, at which place he died leaving a wife in destitute circumstances, with two small children, one a daughter, named Mary, who never married, and the other a son, Samuel B., then a lad of ten years, who was ap- prenticed to a shoemaker, from whose cruel treatment he soon ran away and began to buffet the realities of life for himself. At about twenty years of age, in Bucks county, Fenn, after a short service in the war of 1812, he married Martha Siegfried, daughter of George Siegfried, who was by profession an editor, a descendant of the old and notable Siegfried family of Germany, and whose sons and grandsons were nearly all editors and Baptist ministers. Samuel B. and Martha were the parents of ten children, all but one of whom are still living though widely scattered. After the birth of their third child, born March 23, 1817, and named George Siegfried Smith, they removed to Ohio, settling in Jefferson and Belmont counties, afterward in Monroe, where the family grew up in the occupations of farmine and manufacturing woollen cloths. George S. adopted the profession of medicine, and was mar- ried March 3, 1840, to Miss Rachel Garvin, of Scotch-Irish parentage, born in Ohio county, West Virginia. She was about a year his junior. Her parents, James Garvin and Jane, whose maiden name was Scott, a descendant of the Scottsand Dinsmores, were both born in the north of Ireland, and had five children. Rachel being the youngest was left an orphan at an early age. She died in Jackson county, 111., in 186iJ, leaving four children grown to maturity. The subject of this sketch is the third in the family : the other members being A. J. Smith, of Du Quoin ; Friend Smith, of Murphysboro ; and Jennie, wife of L. T. Ross. George S. Smith, the father, now lives in Finckneyville, having moved to near Jefferson City, Mo., in 1858, thence to Du Quoin, 111 , in 1862, and to Finckneyville in 1877. Walter obtained his primary education in the district school near Newport, Ohio, where he spent the formative HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 349 period of his youth, fortunately surrounded by good in- fluences. He was quite proficient iu all his studies, and while the family resided in Missouri, he taught two terms of school — this was before he was seventeen years old. After the family came to Illinois, he was engaged in farming, taught school one winter and attended Shurtleft" college, at Upper Alton, a little over two years. In December, 186), having abandoned his college course on account of ill-health, he was appointed deputy clerk by L. T. Ross, and continued to serve as such under him and his successor, Mr. Harriss, until 1873, when as an In- dependent candidate, he was elected county clerk by a majority of nearly 850. In 1877, he was re-elected without opposition, held over under the new law until 1882, when, for the third time he was elected, his majority being 1803 in a vote of 2989. These frequent elections by increased majorities show, in the strongest manner possible, the stand- ing and popularity of Mr. Smith iu Perry county, and are tributes to his worth as a man, and his ability and faith- fulness as a county official. Politically, Mr. Smith is a Republican, but in no wise a partisan. On the 11th day of Sept-, 1868, he married Jliss Laura A. Gordon, a native of Pinckneyville, born February 8, 18.")1. She was the youngest daugiiter of James E. Gordon (deceased), who came here from Kentucky in 1840, and died in 18.55. Her mother, Lucy A. (now Malone), is the daughter of William Jones, deceased, and sister of Humph- rey B. Jones, deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been born six children — Emma, Elmer G., Arthur C, Harry S., Xi-llie May, and Percy B. The two before the last named sleep side by side in the village cemetery. Both Mr. and Mrs. Smitli are members of the Baptist church. The former has been a member since the eleventh year of his age, having been baptized in the Ohio river by Rev. J. C. Riley. Two "of the children have followed his example by uniting with the church at an early age. Of W. S. D. Smith, it may truly be said that, next to his family he loves his church. Though tolerant of tlie opinions of others, he is firm in the doctrines of his people and earnest in the support of the cause. He has for many years served as Sunday-school superintendent and clerk of the church, and was years ago granted a license to preach, but secular engagements have kept him from engaging in the work of the ministry, except as an occasional supply. LOUIS M. KANE. The Kane family are of Scotch-Irish ancestry and the de- scendants of the old covenanter stock. John Kane, the grandfather of Louis M., emigrated to America from Ireland about the time of the Revolutionary war. He was while a resident of Ireland engaged in shipping. Was a sailor by profession and captain of a vessel. He settled in New York city, and there continued the merchant marine business, and was the owner of several ships that plied be- tween New York and foreign ports. He was then a man of large means, but a short time before his death his fortune by some unlucky ventures was swept away from him. His wife whom he married in Ireland, died in New York, where both she and her husband lie buried. There were six children. The eldest son Searline died while at college. John K., rose to prominence as a lawyer and was a judge of the courts of Philadelphia for many years. He was the father of Gen. Kane, who distinguished himself during the late war, and also of Dr. Kane, the famous Artie explorer. There were three daughters, only one of whom married. Ellas Kent Kane, the father of Louis M., was the youngest of the family. He was born in New York in 1781, and educated at Yale College. After his graduation he studied law, and practiced for some time in his native state. In 1814 he came west to the territory of Illinois and settled at Kaskas- kia, which was then the metropolis of the west. He there opened a law office and had for his pupils the late Judge Sidney Breese, Gen. Shields and other men who in after years became prominent in the state. In 1818 he was ap- pointed Secretary of State by Governor Bond, and continued in office until 1824, when he was elected to the senate of the United States. He proved himself an industrious and able member of that body and served out his full term with so much satisfaction to his constituents that he was re-elected in 1830, without any serious opposition. Before the expira- tion of his second term his health, which had always been feeble, gave way, and he died December 11th, 1835. As a public man Mr. Kane stood among the first of the state. He left the impress of his genius and talent upon the fun- damental law of Illinois. It was he who drafted and wrote the constitution which was adopted, and which notwith- standing the changes that time has demanded, and its amendments which have marred its beauty, still challenges the admiration of statesmen for its matchless purity of dic- tion, broad statesmanlike principles, liberal construction, concise though comprehensive provisions and definition of its powers. It is, indeed, a model of its kind, and without a peer in the Union. Mr. Kane was held in high estimation by his party throughout the Union. He was distinguished for his zeal and firmness as a party man, and exerted a po- tent influence through hi.'' talents and moral worth, as well as by the rectitude of his political principles, for the cause of his party in the west. Yet such was his sense of decorum and his power of enforcing its obligations on others that he was scarcely ever reached by the bitterness of party invec- tive. His political friends loved him — his political enemies respected him. In 1814 he married Felicita Peltia, a native of Kaskaskia, born in 1796, and a descendant of an old French family. She died in the home of her birth in 1852. There w'ere ten children by that union. Two of them died in infimcy and four grew to maturity. Maria, the eldest daughter, married W. ('. Kinney, son of ex-(tovernor Kin- ney. Elias K., was educated and graduated from West Point in l'H41. He pa.ssed through the Mexican war under the command of Gen. Taylor, with distinguished honor to himself, and rose to the rank of captain at its close. He was captured with Captain Thornton at the opening of the war when the first blood was shed, and remained a prisoner a few weeks when he was exchanged. He was at the siege of Monterey, and was stationed there during the battle of 350 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Buena Vista. He came up with re-enforcements early on the moruiug after the battle, having been engaged during the battle in guarding the pass of Riaconada, to protect Gen. Taylor's rear. After the war he went in the expedition from Camargo to Santa Fc. He was then ordered to Cali- fornia, where he acted as Quartermaster from 1847 to 185-. He disbursed immense sums of money to the perfect satis- faction of his superiors at Washington city. It is said of him, that although he was one of the youngest officers in the regular array, yet he stood among the highest in every quality of the man of honor, the soldier and the gentleman. No man ever possessed more of the confidence of those who were on terms of intimacy with him. " None knew him but to love him." Elizabeth, the second daughter of Elias K. Kane, married William H. Bissell, who was then a practising attorney of law, in which profession he became eminent. At the breaking out of the Mexican war he raised a regi- ment and was commissioned colonel. It was known as the 2d Regiment, and took a conspicuous part in the battle of Buena Vista, and to it and the Mississippi Rifles belongs the honor of saving the day and preventing the defeat of Gen. Taylor's forces. After the war he returned and represented his District in Congress, and while there was noted for his aggres-siveness and hostility to the slave power. His phil- ippics against the institution of slavery were unequaled and terrible, and called down upon him the wrath and vengeance of the leaders from the South. But he had faced the cold polished lance in the hands of the Mexican, and stood un- daunted on the gory field of Buena Vista, while his com- rades were falling thick and fast aroiind him, and was made of too heroic material to quail before the braggadocio of southern chivalry and their threatened resort to the duello, to compel his acquiescence to their views and schemes. In 1856 he was nominated by his party and elected Governor of Illinois, and died much regretted in 1859. Louis M. Kane, the subject of this sketch, is the youngest of the children of Elias Kent Kane. He was born in Kaskaskia May 17th, 1831, and spent his boyhood in the schools of Kaskaskia and remained there until 1841, when he removed to Belleville, and from there he went to California in 1851, and engaged in mining and different vocations until 1S56, when he returned home to Belleville. In 1857, he was ap- pointed private secretary to Governor Bissell, and remained in that capacity for two years. In 1869 he went to Nashville in Washington county, then back to Belleville, and in 1879 came to Pinckneyville, and engaged in the agricultural implement trade in connection with his sons, and soon after they added livery, feed and sale stables, and here he has continued to the present. On the 6th of August, 1856, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary, daughter of Captain William Watson of Belleville. By that union there have been ten children, eight of whom are living. Their names in the order of their birth, are Louis McLain, who is a lawyer and resident of Chicago, Illinois ; Carrie W., Charles Delisle, law student in the office of E. H. Lemen ; William W., Elias Kent, John K., May and Elizabeth Kane. Louis M., married Miss Ella Kaniff of St. Louis, Mo. Politically Mr. Kane has always been a staunch and reli- able Democrat. He is an honored member of A. F. and A. M., and belongs to Mitchell Lodge No. 85, Pinckneyville, Illinois. THOMAS BOYD. The Boyd family on the paternal side is of Scotch ances- try, and on the maternal, English. William Boyd, the great-grandfather of Thomas, was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to America during the Revolutionary war, es- poused the cause of the patriots, joined the army under Washington and fought for the independence of his adopted country. After the close of the war he married and settled in Georgia, where his son, John, the grandfather of the present family, was born in 1818. John Boyd moved to North Carolina, and from thence to Tennessee, and in 1823 came to Illinois and settled in Washington county, but soon after removed to Randolph county to a point then known as Heacock's Prairie, now known as Dutch Hill Prairie, and there remained until his death, which occurred about 1837. During the war of 1812 he enlisted and was a soldier under Jackson in the southern army. His son, John B., father of Thomas, was born in Georgia in 1800, and came with his father to Illinois, and here married L«abel Douglass, daughter of Lance L. Douglass. She was born in Scotland though partially reared in Illinois. She survived her husband, who died in 1854, and she in 1880. By this union there were eight chil- dren, five of whom are living. Thomas, the subject of this sketch, was born in Randolph county, Sept. 6th, 1847; he was reared upon his father's farm and recieved his education in the district schools of his neighborhood. At the age of nineteen he left home and worked at his trade of carpenter; subsequent- ly taught school, which he continued until 1870, when he en- tered the law office of Murphey &. Boyd at Pinckneyville and commenced the study of law; he however continued to follow teaching in the winter months, returning to his studies during vacation. At the January term of the Su- preme Court, held at Springfield in 1875, he passed a suc- cessful examination and was admitted to the bar; he then formed a law partnership with his preceptors, and became a member of the well-known law firm of Murphey & Boyd Bros., which continued until July, 1882; when John Boyd withdrew, and Thomas Boyd remained a law partner with Mr. Murphy until the latter part of November, 1882, when the dissolution of the firm took place by mutual consent. As a practitioner Mr. Boyd has reason to be gratified with his success ; he brought to the profession studious habits, industry, and an earnest desire to excel ; while comparative- ly on the threshold of his professional life, he has given un- doubted evidence of his fitness and ability to cope with the subtle intricacies of the law, and in good time we opine he will become eminent and learned in his chosen profession. Politically Mr. Boyd has always been a reliable Demo- crat, true to his principles, and without doubt or shadow of turning. He is an honored member of the A. F. & A. M. and also of the higher order of R. A. M. On the 13th of March, 1878, he was joined in holy wedlock to Mrs. Sarah J. Hight,7iee Hughes, daughter of William A. Hughes, of Pulaski county, Illinois. By that union there have been two children, named Maud S., who died in her second year, and Loren H. Boyd. 350A HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, M OX ROE AXD PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 351 (3^ d^ C^^S^^^^^^ The Anderson family of Pern* county are descended from the pioneer stock of Illinois. They are of Scotch ancestry. Members of the family came to America prior to the Kevo- lutionary war and settled iu Virginia. Amos Anderson, the grandfather of Richard B., was born in that State and came west to Kaskaskia in 17'JO. He remained there until 1824, then moved to Perry county and settled in the eastern part of Holt's Prairie, and there died about 1844. In his house wa.s held the first term of court after Perry county was or- ganized in 1827. During the war of 1812 he volunteered and was a soldier under General Jackson in the Southern army. He married in Virginia, by which union there were seven children, one of whom is living, named John, a resi- dent of Emporia, Kansas. Of that union was Berry Ander- son, the father of Richard B. He was born in Kaskaskia December 27, 1805, and died December 5, 18G7. He fol- lowed the occupation of a farmer, and was a resident of this county until his death He was a soldier of the Black Hawk war, and was an open-hearted generous man, and gave much to charity. He married Elizabeth Marlow in 1830 She was a native of Perry county, and the daughter of Richard and Tabiiha Marlow. .'^he died .Tune 11, 1853. He subsequently married Aletha JIcKlnney. Her maiden name was Hall, daughter of Alcanac Hall. By the latter marriage there was one child named John Newton Ander- son. B)' the first marriage there were nine children, si.^ of whom are still living. Two of the sons, Andrew J. and Bartley C. were soldiers in the late war. The first was a member of Company I, 1st Mo. Regt., and the latter in the 80th Regt. Ills. Vol. The subject of this sketch is the youngest in the family. He was born in Holt's Prairie, Ferry county, Illinois, June 9, 185o. He was reared upon the farm, and received his primary education in the public schools of the county. After the death of his father he was placed with his brother in Bond county and remained in his home one year, after which he hired out to do general farm work. During the winter months he attended school. When he reached the age of nineteen he attended the Agricultural School in Irvington, in Washington county, and in the follow. ing winter taught school. In the summer he returned to farm work, and so continued teaching iu the winter and working in the summer months until 1875, when in the spring 352 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. of that year he entered the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, with the design of more fully equipping him. self for teaching, a profession he determined to adopt and make his life work. He remained in the University two years, then returned and taught the public schools in Nash- ville, Washington county, Illinois, then took charge of the schools at New Mindom in same county, and subsequently was Principal of the public schools of Tamaroa and Pinckney- ville in Perry county, and Kinmendy, in Marion county, Illinois. In 1882 ill health compelled him to abandon teaching for awhile. In 1882 his ability as a teacher and zeal in the cause of education was suitably rewarded by being elected to the position of Superintendent of the schools of Perry county, and at the present time he is exercising the duties of the office in a manner creditable alike to himself and those who honored him with their suffrages. On the 14th of August, 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Retta, daughter of A. J. and Sarah Bowman, of Tamaroa, 111. By that union there is one daughter named Elma Vera Anderson. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Anderson holds membership with the Baptist church. His father and mother were among the first members of that church in Perry county, and assisted in its organization. Mr. Anderson isamember ofthe A. F.and A. M.,and belongs to Tamaroa Lodge No. 207. Politically he uniformly votes the Republican ticket. School teaching has been his pro- iession during the greater part of his active life, and it may be incidentally mentioned that his brother, Harrison M. Anderson, is also a teacher, and stands in the front rank of the profession in the State. LEWIS HAMMACK. The Hammack family is of English and Scotch ancestry. The paternal grandfather was named Lewis, and was born in Virginia, and removed to Tennessee in 1814, and settled in Warren county, where he died. He was by occupation a farmer, and a local preacher in the M. E. Church. He married a lady by the name of Fagins, by which union there were nine children, who grew to maturity. Of these was Benjamin, the father of the subject of this sketch. He was born in Virginia in 1800, and went with the family to Ten- nessee, where he remained until 1827, when he came north to Illinois, and settled in Jackson county. Two years later he removed to Perry county, and settled northwest of Tama- roa, and there died in 1875. He followed farming. He married Sarah Hull, of Kentucky. She was the daughter of Richard and Nancy (Stockdale) Hull. She died in 1877. By that union there were nine children, all of whom reached maturity, and five of them yet survive. Lewis is the second in the family. He was born in Warren county, Tennessee, June 25, 1825, and was two years old when the family came north to Illinois. He grew up on the farm, and like most farmers' boys of an early day in Illinois, received a limited education in the subscription schools of his neighborhood. He remained at home until June, 1846, at which time he volunteered for one year's service in the Mexican war. He joined Company K of the Second Regiment Illinois Vol- unteers, under the command of Col. Bissell, subsequently governor of Illinois. He participated with his command in the hard- fought battle of Buena Vista, where the American forces under Gen. Taylor met and defeated five times their number of the Mexicans under their favorite leader and general, Santa Anna. After his enlistment expired he re- turned home and went to school fifteen days, — then taught school two terms at Pinckneyville. In 1848 he was soli- cited to run for circuit clerk. He consented, made the race, and was elected, and served oue full term. In 1852 he was a candidate for the same position on the prohibition plat- form, but was defeated by a small majority. When he was teaching school he got hold of " Chitty on Contracts," which awakened in him a desire for the profession of law. Dr. Jones, a warm personal friend of his, encouraged him to study for the bar, and, without his knowledge, procured his license to practice, the date of which is Feb. 7th, 1853. He then went to work in earnest, and studied hard to acquire a knowledge of the law. The first court held after his admis- sion he had a few cases, and at every subsequent term they kept increasing, and he was soon in the possession of a large docket ; and, in fact, for a number of years, no cases of any importance were tried in the courts of Perry county in which he was not retained as counsel on one side or the other. His specialties are in the line of the Chancery side and real estate law, and in that class of practice he has few superiors at the bar. In 18G1 he was a candidate fur the position of Judge of this Circuit, and also in 1863, but both times was de- feated, the last time by only twenty-seven votes. His com- petitor on that occasion was Judge Mulky, now one of the Supreme Justices of the State. He has held the ofijce of Master in Chancery twice, — the first time, while he was cir- cuit clerk, and the other after he was in the practice. His practice accumulated to such a degree that he was unable to give it the attention it required, and therefore resigned. Mr. Hammack has been married three times. The first time to Miss Cordelia M. Edwards, April 7th, 1851. She died May 14th, 1872, leaving three children, named Elizabeth Jane, who is the wife of Benjamin Wood, now a resident of Choctaw Nation, in the Indian Territory ; William, and Charles Lewis, who are residents of Pinckneyville. On the 9th of October, 1876, Mr. Hammack married Miss Emma J. Bull. She died Nov. 25, 1877, leaving no living issue. He married his present wife December 7th, 1879. She was Mrs. Maria Jane Guthrie, nee Rigg, a native of Chester county, Pennsylvania, and daughter of Alexander and Han- nah (Maitland) Rigg. His wife is a member ofthe Presby- terian Church. Politically, Mr. Hammack was originally a democrat, but was opposed to slavery. In 1866, during the Kansas-Nebraska troubles, he leaned to the anti-slavery party, and voted for W. H. Bissell for governor ; and the whig ticket for Bell and Everett in 1860 ; and for Abraham Lincoln in 1864 ; and voted for all subsequent Presidents up to 1880, when he became a convert to the principles and theories of the Greenback party and voted their ticket. He is an outspoken and avowed prohibitionist, and believes that the licensing of saloons is an offense against good morals, religion, and against the best interests of society. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 353 /^' 't/ . The Rushing family are the descendants of ICnglish and Welsh ancestry. The paternal grandfather, Joseph Rush- ing, was born in Ason county, North Carolina. In 1811 he moved to Bedford county, Tennessee, and there died. He married Martha Deason. Both lie buried at the Enos Meeting House burying ground in Bedford county, Tenn. There were four sons and eight daughters by that union. Five of the children are yet living. Of the sons was Joel, father of Evan B., born in Ason county, N. C, Dec. 20, 1799. He grew to manhood in Tennessee, and married in 1820, and in 1833 came to and stopped for a short time in Washington county. The same year he purchased the S. W. quarter of the S. E. quarter of section thirteen and the N. W. quarter of the N. E. quarter of section twenty-four in T. 4, R. 4, W. of 3d P. M. in Perry county, improved it, and there made his home until his death, which occurred 45 July 10, 1878. He was (juite active and prominent in life, and was one of the county commissioners under whose direc- tion was built the old part of the present court-house. He became a member of the Baptist church in 1860. He was an exemplary and good citizen. In 1820, while a resident of Tennessee, he married Susanna Ilaile of the same state. She died Aug. 7, 1843. He afterwards married Sabra Tack- ett. She died, leaving no children living. He subsequently married Martha Y. Wells, who yet survives him. By the latter marriage there is one son, named Robert C Rushing, clerk in the banking house of Murphey, Wall cS: Co By the union of Joel and Susanah (Haile) Rushing, there were eight children, whose name.s are Joseph A., who died in his fourteenth year, John W., Evan B., Enoch D., Amanda, wife of Rev. John C. Wilson, Joel P., Thomas S. and Martha Ann. The latter died in infancy. Evan B., 354 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. the subject of this sketch, was born in Bedford county, Tenn., June 17, 1827. He was raised on the farm, and re- ceived his education in the common schools of Perry county, which was farther improved by teaching and self culture. In 18.5(j he was elected circuit clerk of Perry county, re- elected in 1860, and served two terms. The position of clerk made him acquainted with many of the forms of law and a knowledge of the practice, and by reading the standard text-books during his leisure time while he was circuit clerk, he fitted himself to enter the profession of law. He passed a creditable and successful examination, and was admitted to the bar in July, 18B8. He commenced ihe practice in Pinckneyville. He chose the chancery and real estate busi- ness, and has given that practice the most of his attention since his admission. In 1868 he was appointed master in chancery by Hon. M. C Crawford, Judge of this judicial circuit, and was re-appointed at different times by Judges Watts, Snyder and Wall, and has held the office with but slight interregnum ever since. Politically, Mr. Rushing has been a life-long democrat and a staunch believer in Democratic principles. In the local government of Pinck- neyville, he has served the people as President of the Board of Trustees for three terms, and has been a member of the board before and since. He was one of the original founders and promoters of the Perry County Agricultural Society in 18.56, and has been prominently identified and connected with it since that date. It can truthfully be said of Mr. Rushing, that he is eminently a business man, and conducts his business, whether it be of a public or private nature, upon plain business principles, «hicb, in the end, always assures and brings success. On the 20th of March, 1849, he was united in marriage to Miss Letitia, daughter of Reuben and Elizabeth (Jones) Kelley, natives of Bedford county, Tenn. She was born in Perry county. Ills., Feb. 6, 1833, and died Sept. 28, 1864. By that union there were four children, three of whom are living. Their names in the order of their birth are Susanna E., wife of Thomas S. Campbell, Mary A , wife of Frank M. Roe, Edna L., who died Sept. 15, 1861, and Richard J. Rushing, who married Miss Lizzie Rohe of Pinckneyville. On the 3d of Sept., 1878, Mr. Rushing married Mrs. Mar- garet M., widow of James J Hoye, and daughter of W. C. Murphey. an old and distinguished settler of Perry county- Mrs. Rushing was born in Perry county. She has one child by her former marriage, named Kate Hoye. Mr. Rushing is a member of the A. F. and A. M order, and belongs to Mitchell Lodge, No. 85, and Du Quoin Chapter, No. 44. Capt. R. Q. THOMPSON. The subject of the following sketch was born in Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, Aug. 31st, 1836. His father James G. Thompson was a native of the same State. He came west in 18.59 and settled in Du Quoin, Perry county, Illinois, and remained in the county until his death, which occurred Nov 16, 1879. He was a carpenter and cabinetmaker, and followed the trade for the greater portion of his life. He married Miss Polly Hunter, who was born and raised in Lawrence county. Pa., and there died in 1857. By that union there were four sons and the same number of daughters. Robert Q. is the eldest of the family. He received a fair English education in the common schools of his native county. When old enough he worked at the trade of car- pentering and cabinet-making , and subsequently followed the business of oj)erating and running stationary engines He came to the west in 1857, and remained a citizen of Perry county until the breaking out of the late war, when, with characteristic patriotism and devotion to his country, in the hour of its peril, enlisted for the term of three years, the date of which was August 1st, 1861. He became a member of Co. G of the 12th Regt. Ills. Vols. Ezekiel and William were also members of the same company. The former veteranized and remained in the service until the close of the war. The 12th Regt. was enlisted for the three months' service, but soon after re-enlisted for three years. On the 31st of Dec, 1863, while the regiment was stationed at Pulaski in Tennessee, Mr. Thompson veteranized with his company, and remained in the service until the close of the war, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 4, 1865, and finally discharged at Springfield, Ills., July 11, 1865, having been in the service a few days lacking four years. The r2th Ills, was when first in the service a part of Gen. Prentiss' division. When the army was organized into corps it became part of the 16th army corps, under the command of Gen. Dodge. In the Atlanta Campaign it was part of the 15th army corps, under command of Gen. John A. Logan, and remained with that corps all through the succeeding campaigns, including Sherman s memorable march to the sea- Capt. Thompson passed from a private to sergeancy in his company, and then to a second lieutenancy. When the regi- ment veteranized he was elected captain of the company, and from that time had command of the company until mustered out of the service. His commission as first lieutenant, dates April 11, 1865, and his commission as captain, June 12, 186.5. He was wounded on the 22d of July, 1864, at the siege of Atlanta, the ball passing through his left shoulder. He came home and remained there until convalescent, when he rejoined his command which was then at Rome, Georgia, and continued with it until mustered out in date above-named. After the close of the war he came to Pinckneyville and en- gaged in the cabinet making and furniture business, and still remains in the same trade. On the 1st January, 1873, he was appuinted postmaster of Pinckneyville, and has been continued in that position to the present. On the 7th Sept., 1865, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Jane, daughter of Josiah and Isabel Foster Swafford, of Franklin county. Ills By that union there were four children, one of whom is living, a son named James J. Both Mr. and Mrs. Thomp- son are members of the M. E. Church. He is a member of I. 0. O. F. Politically he comes from an old whig family, who, after the disbandment of that party joined the Republi- can organization. Capt. Thompson cast his first presidential vote for A. Lincoln, and from that time to the present has not swerved in his allegiance to the party of his first choice. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 355 o};^ ey^o The Roe family are of Welsh descent. Daniel Roe, the grandfather of the present family was born at Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York, in 1780. His parents were na- tives of Wales, and emigrated to America some time prior to the Revolutionary war. Daniel Koe adopted the ministry as his calling, and was a .'ed largely prevails. K.iRLY HISTORY. The dates of the earliest settlements in Tamaroa pncinct are necessarily obscure, and are arrived at with difficulty and some uncertainty. But from information «hich we have good reason to credit, the first settlement was made about the year IMl-J by the parents of the late Judge 11 T. Rees of Cutler precinct, who settled near what is now known as Rees' creek, which took its name from that family. Following this settlement was that of a Aimily named Foster, about the year 182.J. Benjamin Haramack, a native of Virginia, came into the precinct, in 182-S, from Jackson countv, and located on section seventeen, township four south, range one west. He had a wife and four chddrcn. When he arrived, he found located on the same section N. G Curlee, who had preceded him only a few months. He and his family stopped with Abe Morgan, who lived on the Samuel Benson place, and who had located several years previous to 1.S28. Stephen Brown and family came soon after Hammack, and located in the same section. About 1829 came the Bland family, consisting of the elder John Bland and wife, John and David Bland, his .sons, and their families, who came from Tennessee. Between the years 1828 and 1833 came James Johnson, Daniel Council, Jacob Walker Blackstock and Isaac B Walker, Peter Scronce, Richard Hull, James, Robert and Solomon Carpenter, from North Carolina ; a f\imily of Calloways, who settled on section o ; the Robinsons and Martin C. Lindsley. Ben- jamin Hammack located on section 20, twp. 4, range 1, in 1829. Abuer Keith was one of the first settlers in the trm of the Kine Mile Prairie; William Dial located in Para- dise Prairie; William Williams, George Sturtevant, old Joe Little, Henry and John Bridges, and Thomas Metcalf, Tennesseeans, came to the precinct about 18;>(3. Richard Hull and Henry Bridges were notorious throughout that part of the county as gr. at hunters. Isaac Lee, Abraham Lee, Simuel Eiherton, Anthony Liffjrty, Thomas Morris, William Dye, Sanniel Di.von and Henry Oohan were among the earlv settlers of this precinct. Dr. J. S. Williams, a native of Kentucky, came to the county in 1840. He is now a practicing physician in Tamaioa. Illustrative of the force of pioneer custom of those early days, we cite the incident related of Martin C. Lindsley, who lo.st the respect and esteem of all of his pioneer neighbors by the simi)le act of inviting them to a house-raising after breakfast, which they regarded as a gross violation of pio- neer etiquette, too palpable to be forgotten, and ever after stamped him in their estimation as too selfish and stingy for their fellowship. The first dry goods store in the precinct dates back to 1834, and was kept by Nathan G. Curlee, in a little shed- room ten feet square, on his farm, some three miles north of the present site of Tamaroa. Mr. Curlee was a prominent man in that precinct among the early settlers, acting as he did in the varied capacity of farmer, merchant, minister and 40 postmaster,at what, if we are properly informed, was known as Appleton i)ost-office, about the year 1840. The fir.st blacksmith who had his shop and did work in this precinct was Henry Biidgcs. Previous to his day ( 1.S30), the settlers h,d their sujithwork done at Old Man White's in Mud prairie, in the ed^e of Washington county. In 1829 and 1830, Benjamin Hammack, a wheelwright, made truck wagons, stoc'ied plows, and did such other work as the far mors stood in need of in the way of repairs. The early set- tlers (182^-'30) got their milling at what was known as Stilley's mill, north from Tamaroa, in the edge of Washing- ton county. It was one of the old pioneer style of horse- mills, with cog-wheel attachment and buhrs about two feet and ahalf in diameter, and, when run steadily all day, would grind about fifteen bushels of corn. When they ground wheat on it, the ilour was bolted by h::nd. The crank, which was turned by b;)ys, required regularity in the turning, in order that the flour might bolt evenly. Oar informant, who hail experience at the old bolt-crank, said : " When we got to turning irregularly, the old miller, Stilley, would yell out at us, ' turn that crank regular ; I don't want your f.ither fu,ssing about the way that flour is bolted.'" "The old Stilley mill was the principal institution of that kind for a number of years, and was patronized al- most entirely by the neighbors for eight or ten miles around. It was finally purchased by one Lazarus Stuart, who re- moved it to the neighborhood of Coloma. Subsequent to 183(), William Christian owned a little mill two and a-half miles northeast of Tamaroa, which did a considerable amount of grinding for the early -settlers. Among the first preachers in the precinct, were, James Walker and Rev. Barr, of the ^Methodist denomination, the latter the circuit rider. This was al out 1831. previous to the organization of a church, when the meetings were held at the house of Benjamin Hammack. N. G. Curlee was for many years a ministtr of the Gjspel, of the ISIethodist de- nomination, and preached in that precinct. One incident of Rev. Curlee's preaching, which occurred in 1840, has come to us in gathering up our scraps of the jiioneer days. His subject on the occasion allu led to w;-.s '-Abraham ottering up Isaac." In the course of his sermon, becoming somewhat animated and wound up, he described the ram which the Lord provided as " Tied by a rope in the bushes, wai ing for the sacrifice." The first local preachers were. Rev. Curlee, and " Father " Depositor, as he was familiarly known in those days. He organized the first M. E. Church in the precinct, at the Bland school-house, about \>>'-)\ or '32, and about the year 1833 or 1834, the school-house having been removed, the meetings were held at the house of Benjamin Hammack, where they were c ntinued up to 1837. Isaac B. Walker, was tbc first class leader, and James Walker was a licensed Exhorter, who occasionally preached. In 1837, Win Hammack sold out ami moved to Holt's Prairie, where the church was still kept up at his re.-idence, until ho moved to the arm of Nine Mile, about '48 or '49, when the church went down, and was neglected. About the year 1831, and several years afterward, Shadrach Cheek, a hard shell Baptist preacher, called in those days. 362 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. the "01(1 Regulars,' held meeting from time to time in ths Stilley Settlement. The first Sabba'hschool held in the precinct, was organized at the Bland school house, by Rev. James Walker, Itinerant preacher, and Elder S. J. Borger, presiding Elder, abjut 1831. Nathan G. Curlee and Thos. O. Ellis, were Superintendents, and Benjamin Hammack and wife, Joseph Tilley and Elizabeth Slurdevant, were the teachers. The Sunday-school enterprise met with very strong oppositi n at that early day, from many, even the most pious professors, they regarding it as a questioi able innovation upon the church, and as calculated rather to iiijure its influence than to add support to its cause. The first tchool-house was the Bland school house, built about 1832 or '33, and was named after old Grandfather Bland. It was about four or five miles north of Tamaroa. The first ti acher wa-i Jacob Walker. His qualifications as a teacher in Mathematics were expressed, in the homely phrase, of " Cipl tr thicugh Long Division." Some of his more advanced i-cholars, however, even doubled his capacity in that rule. The first school consisted of about twenty-five scholars — tuition, $2 00 a scholar, per quarter. In 1834, a second school was taught at the same place, by old Grand- daddy Johnson, as he was familiaily called. He was deaf and indiscreet, and faikd to control the school, and it broke off before his term was regularly ended. Dr. Joseph Bray, thaw, who lived near old Du Quoin, was the chief reliance of the pioneer settlers of this precinct, for medical aid, for a number of years. Dr. Wm. Weir was the first resident physician. Dr. Wall, of Du Quoin, practiced in the pre- cinct, in 1840, and for several years thereafter The following were the first land entries in the precinct : October Uth, 1832, George Lipe entered N. E J of S. W. J of section 18, thirty-four and forty-four hundredths acres. January 3, 1833, Wra. Hatcher entered E i of N. W. i of section 5, seventy-five and seventy one hundredth acres. January 23d, 1833, Abraham Morgan entered S. W. i of N. E. i of section 18, forty acres. VILLAGE OF TAMAEOA. After the Illinois Central railroad was located. Col. R. B. Mason, chief engineer, proposed to Mrs. Nelson Holt and Mrs. B. G. Roots, that they name the station which the company had decided to locate on the present site of the village of Tamaroa. At first thty chose the name of " Kiawkashaw," after a tribe of Indians. They afterwards adopted the more polite and euphobious "Tamaroa," which was the French name of that tribe. The village was laid out on the N. E J of section thirty two, T. 4, R. 1, by the Central Railroad Company, J. N. A. Griswold, President, and surviyed and platted May 14, 1855, by Nathan Holt, deputy county surveyor. After the village was first platted, it received three additions, one by the railroad company, one of thirty acr^s, by W. E. Smith, north of the original plat, and one of forty acres, by Joseph Cox, on the so"th. The present area of the village is one square mile. The first election fur trustees was held April 4, 1859. and resulted in the choice of Thomas Sanders, R H. Davis, S. A. Beard, F. B. Garner and M. S. Spencer. The village is pleasantly located, and has excellent railroad facilities. Among the railroad improvemei ts is a large union freight depot and a passenger house, belonging to the Illinois Central Railmad Co. The company have a park extending along the railroad four hundred feet long and eighty feet wide. It is shaded by forest trees. The school-house is a two-story frame, and contains four rooms. The first public school building was erected in 1861. It was destroyed by fire in 1873, and the present one was immediately built. Prior to 1861, school was taught in unoccupied dwellings. The first village teacher was Miss Bonner. The school was graded in 1859- GO. The three church edifices are frame buildings, and belong respectively to the Methodist, the Presbyterian, and the Baptist denomination. The first in the order mentioned was built in 1858, the second in 1869, and the remaining one in 1874. The first house in the vil- lage was put up by the railroad company in August and September of 1854. It was a two story frame building, erected for a boarding house. The first settlers of the town were Mrs N. Holt, Samuel Ewing, William Garner, Samuel Eaton, r . P. and E. H. Simmons, Allen Pailier, D. C. Barber, and D. Saucks. N. Holt assisted in surveying and laying out the town, and was the first postmaster and station agent, the latter of which positions he still holds. We have no hesitation in saying Mr. Holt is the oldest station agent in this county, having performed its duties satisfactorily to the company for twenty-eight years in succes- sion. Barber and Simmons put up the first store ; Beard and Hague starting a store about the same time. The first resident physician was William E. Smith. PRESENT BUSINESS. Cox's Coal Mine is owned by Joseph C ix, and is leased and worked by P. White. The shaft is two hundred feet (feep, through which are raised daily from seventy-five to eighty tons of coal. The machin-^ry is operated by a thir- teen horse-power engine. The vein is six feet, and fifteen men are employed in mining the coal. Barber's Coal Mine is owned and operated by D. C. Barber The mine is worked by a shaft two hundred feet in depth The coal is raised by a thirteen horse-power engine from a vein six feet in thickness. Fifteen men are employed, and about seventy five tons of coal are raised daily. The tunnel to connect these mines and to afford ventilation and safety for them is rapidly approaching com- pletion. Tamaroa Mill— The original mill, built by B. P Curlee and A. Anderson, was burned in 1861. These gentlemen immediately rebuilt the present mill, whose value, including equipments, is about SI 0,000 ' It has three run of burrs, two for wheat and one for corn, and its capacity is fifty barrels a day. The size of the main buildiug is forty-six by forty feet. There is a slied altachiiieiil, forty by ten feet, and an engine room, forty by twenty fett The motive is supplied by a forty horse power engine. The present owner and proprietor is Mr. H W. Adams. Tamaroa Custom Mill is owned and operated by J. H. Eaton. It is a combined saw and grist mill. The saw mill HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 363 department was built in 1877, ami a corn burr with a capacity of one hundred bushels a day was soon added. The sawing department does custom work in hard wood ex- clusivelv, and is equipppd willi a " doul)le saw ri:,' " A wheat burr was added in 18S1, with a capacity of sixiy bushels a day. The grist mill is thirty-five by thirty feet in length and brea'th, and the value of the entire esta'^lishment is about 83 000 R C Lisenbcy'g Grist and Siw MilU were built by Henry Willis in 1876. and are operated by the present owner. The building is fifty feet in length, and twenty four f.et in breadth. The engine-room is eighteen by twenty-four feet, and the engine has a capacity of sixteen horse-power. The present value of the mills is about S'5,000. rhy.ilci(m.i.—T. M. Sams, J. S Williams, F M. Ward. S. J Layman. Lawyer and litdl E^tiie Agent. — Henry Clay. Police Magistrate — John W. Corgan. Justices of the Peace — W H. H. Large, S L. Willoughliy. General Stores. — IJlanchard .\: Co., D. C. Barber & Sous, D. A. Spencer, A; Blanchard. Family Groceries. — P. White. Hardware, Stores, Tinware and Agricultural Implements. — M. F. Stone Milo Keck. Drug Stores. — Williams i Willoughby, B. F. Lipe. Hotel —A. P. Adams. Butcher. — John Miller. Barbers. — James Fleuer, A Barker. Harnessmakers — Pierce & Herrin. Shoemakers. — F. Ruppe, W. H. H. Large. Lumherman. — R. C Nicholson. Livery Stable. — B. 0=born. Black-Smiths. — Samuel Robinson, T. R. Harrison, James Taylor, L. Bartneck. Postmaster and Stationer. — J. B. Swan. Station Agent. — Nathan Holt. Carpenters. — W. J. Dingle, Samuel Bear, B. Johnson, J. W. Curlee. Furniture. — David Johnston. Grain Dealers. — W. A. Haines, R. H Nicholson, H. W. Adams, J. B. Swan. D. C. Barber. Agricultural Implementi. — John Miller, H. S Patrick, A. W. Adams. In.mrance Agents. — A. Blanchard, M. F. Stone, H. S. Patrick. Restaurant, Bakery and Cnnje'tionery — Charles and A. Froelich. Milliner and Dressmaker. — Mrs. .\. Kerstine. SOCIETIES. Tamaroa Lodge, A. F. & A. M., No. 207, was chartered in 1S.')6. It has a membership of forty brothers, and meets in Masonic Hall. Its financial condition is good. It owns, just outside of tiie village limits, a cemetery with an area of ten acres. It was laid out in 1802, and is ornamenttd with handsome and costly monuments. Perry Lodge. Nn. 97. /. 0. 0. F., was cliartereil in 18.')0. It is in ea.«y circumstances financially, and has a member- ship of thirty-four. It meets in Odd Fellows' Hall every Saturday evening. Royal Templars of Temperance. — The objects of this or- ganization are mutual aid and the advancement of temper- ance. It was organized in March, 1877, and it !ias a present membership of tw.enty persons. It meets regularly on Mon- day evening of each week in Royal Templars' Hall. Appleton was laid out by W. E. Smith, and platted and surveved by Elijah T. Webb, deputy county surveyor, Sep- tember 23, 18.53, and since added to the village of Tamaroa. Berlin, an obsolete town, was laid out by N. G. Curlee, in Section 17, T. 4, S. R. 1, and platted and surveyed by Thomas H. Campbell, county surveyor, June 11, 1840. BIOGRAPHIES, Hon. LYSIAS HEAPE. Amoxg the old settlers of Perry county is the subject of the following sketch. He was born in York county, Penn- sylvania, June C, 1813. Robert Ileape, his great-grand- father, was by birth an Englishman. He came to America while yet a boy and settled in Maryland. His son Robert ■was born in Hartford county, same State, as was also John Shock Heape, the father of Lysias. John C married Mar- tha Allen, who was born in York county. Pa. In 1816, the family came west to Ohio and settled in Fairfield county. There Mr. Heape the father remained until about 18.50, ■when he moved to Indiana, and there died in 1864 at the advanced age of eighty-four years. Of that union there were six children — three sons and three daughters ; four of whom are yet living. Lysias, the subject of this sketMi, is the second son and third in the family. He was yet in his infancy when the family left Pennsylvania and settled in Ohio. He there grew to manhood, and his first schooling was in a sugar camp, and his teacher a man by the name of McBride. He subsequently attended the subscription schools that were held in the rude log school-houses of half a century ago. When he was eighteen years of age his father gave him permission to go out into the world and do for himself. He cut timber— did any and all kinds of work that came in his way. In 1838, he married and came west to Illinois. He was attracted to Perry county by ac(iuaint- ances who had come here from his section of the country, and also his brother who then lived in Jackson county. He 364 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND FERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. came in a wagon that contained liis household goods aud all his worldly wealth. He landed here on the lOlh of January, 1840. He prospected around, and in June of the i-ame year entered a quarter section of land in section 7, T. 5 U. 1, and there through the kindmss of Mr Holt, now of Taniaroa, he was permitted to live in a cabin, which was upon the ]atter"s land, until he could improve and prepare a habita- tion of his own. The first year he built a small clap board house with puncheon floors — the windows he whittled out with his penknife in his leisure monienis, and there he and his wife commenctd housekeeping, and there on that same piece of land has continued to the present. He was niarritd on the '/2d cf February. 1828, to Miss Hannah Reeder, daughter of Joseph and Hannah Reeder. Her mother was the widow of John L'gan. Her maiden name was Ham p- Bon. There have been six children born to Mr. and INIrs. Heape, four of whom are living. Their names in the order of their birth are— Eunice, who died in her twentieth year; AVilliam G. who is a farmer and a resident of the county ; Sarah Ann and Martha, who are teachers in the public schools of the county. His wife is a member of the Christian church. From the year 1847 to 1855, Mr. Heape was em- ployed by the association of the Christian church in Southern Illinois to preach and travel over the district. In that ministry he travelled and preached until his voice gave way, and he was compelled to resign the call. He was wf 11 known far and near, and was prominent as a preacher of the gospel for many years in Southern Ills. Politically Mr Heape cast his first vote for Martin Van Buren, but he soon discovered that his party was pruslavery. He then avowed his abolition sentiments and cast his vote for James G. Birney, and afterwards voted for John P. Hale for president. In 1856, he was one of the few who voted for John C. Fre- mont. Mr Heape has the honor of being one of the original and, perhaps, the only avowed abolitionist who lived here as early as 1840. In 1879, he was elected one of the commis- sioners of the county by the Republican party. This, in brief, is a history of Mr. Heape, who may be termed a pioneer of two States, viz., Ohio and Illinois. NELSON HOLT. Among the old settlers and pioneers of Perry county, Illinois, is the subject of the following brief biographical sketch. He was born in Monroe county. New York, Janu- ary 6th, 1816. The family is of English descent, the ances- tors of whom settled in Connecticut, where his parents, Con- stant and Sybil (Dart) Holt, were born, reared and mar. ried. They removed to Monroe county. New York, then a wilderness in 1812, and there died. Mr. Holt was raised up on the farm, and received a good English education in his native State. He commenced teaching before he was eighteen years of age, and taught for five winters in his na- tive town. In the autumn of 1839, he came We=t to Shaw- neetown, Illinois, and taught school there six months. Dur- ing that winter he purchased one quarter section land in section six in T. 5 S. R. 1. W- in Perry county. In the summer of 1840, he rsturned East, and married Eliza G. Holt of Willington, Connecticut, on the 13th September of that year, and the same Fall moved to their farm in Illi- nois, and there resided until the spring of 1842, when he engaged in teaching school at Pinckneyville foroneyear. In the spring of 1843, himself and wife went to Jonesboro, in Union county, where they were both employed in teaching school for two years He then returned to his farm, and there, in addition to his farming, opened a private boarding school, and continued teaching most of the time until March, 1851. On ihe 1st day of August of the same year, he ac- cepted the position of Civil Engineer on the Illinois Central railroad, which was thtu in process of location and construc- tion, and continued in that capacity until April, 1855, when this part of the road was finished and opened for business. He was then appointed Station Agent at Tamaroa and has held that position ever since. At the present time he is the old- est Agent and employee of the company, having entered its service in the summer of 1851 — nearly thirty-two years ago — the ordinary life-time of an individual. What a record it shows of ability, zeal and faithfulness to the company's interest. It speaks volumes for Mr. Holt's honesty and in- tegrity. He is also agent for the St. Louis Coal R. R. Co., originally the Chester and Tamaroa road. He has also been the agent of the American Express Co. for twenty-six years ; also, agent of the Adams Express Co. for several years past. From the spring of 1846, until the fall of 1851, Mr. Holt was Postmaster of Mt. Hawkins P. O. then located at his house. During this time he also served the county one term as County Surveyor and School Commissioner. In May, 1846, there was one daughter born. She died at the age of six months. October, 1847, another daughter was born named Emma Eliza, who is the wife of Hamilton Cox, as- sistant agent and telegraph operator at Taniaroa. They have two children, named Eliza and N. Holt Cox, twelve and eight years respectively. Mr. Holt's first wife died December 7th, 1870, and on the 16th of October, 1871, Mr. Holt married Mrs. Sophia A. Dunham, a native of Mans- field, Connecticut. Both Mi: and Mrs Holt are members of the Baptist church, and he has been a member for over fifty years. In politics he is a Republican — is in good health, and bids fair to live and labor for many years to come. HON. CHARLES E. R. WINTHROP. The subject of the following sketch is of English ancestry, and a descendant of the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock, in 1620. Members of the family a few generations after settled in New York, and there John S. Winthrop, the father, was born and remained a citizen of that State until his death. The latter event occurred while he was on a visit to his son, the subject of this sketch. In life he was en- gaged in the wholesale dry goods business, in which he amassed a fortune and then retired. He married Harriet Rogers, a native of New York city. She died in 1835. By that union there were ten children, five sons and the same number of daughters. Three of the sons and two of the daughtersare yet living. Charles E. R. is the fouth son. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MOXROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. B65 He was born in New York city, October 8, 1816. In his youth he enjoyed fair advantages and received a good edu- cation. At the age of seventeen he was placed in ciiarge of a wholesale drugstore. During that time the family had moved back to Stamford, Connecticut, but soon after returned to New York. Youug Winthrop di. James M. Jones, W. T. Craig, J- S. Milligan and John Os- born. S, M. East, clerk ; William Orr, treasurer ; John Dixon, street commissioner; William McDill, constable; Nathaniel Childs, Police Magistrate. Coullerville Cemetery is situated one mile north of the vil. lage, and contains two acres nicely laid off and set with or- namental trees. It is managed by a board of trustees. Elliott's Mill was erected in 1877, and began operation in November of the same year. It is frame, constructed in elevator style, occupying 'llOx.30 feet on the ground. It contains three run of buhrs and two sets of rolls, and has a capacity of 100 barrels in twenty-four hours. Elliott's Best and Champion are the brands manufactured. There is an elevator in connection with the mill operated by steam power. A cooper shop is also a part of the establishment, and manufacture the barrels for shipment. R. B. Elliott is owner and proprietor. Coulterville Mill was erected by Elliott and Jamison in 180.3. It is a frame, three stories high, 40x40 feet, steam power, now owned and operated by A. K. Smith, who pur. chased it in April, 1881. It has three run of buhrs with a capacity of 100 barrels in twenty-four hours. Process Strait and White Rose Patent are the brands manufactured. It has a cooper shop in connection. These are both custom mills. Coulterville Coal Company. — This shaft was sunk in 1872, by Kennedy and Jones. It is three hundred feet to the sur- face of the coal. The vein will average seven feet, and is an excellent quality of coal. The mine is dry, and the coal is easily worked. It is operated by steam power, and when working its full capacity, can raise and load twenty cars per day. Work from sixty to eighty men. James M. Jones and J. Q. A. Ni-bet, are the proprietors and operators. Coulterville Foumlry and Machine Shops were established in LS77 by Miller & Demier, and are now owned and oper- ated by Adam Miller. All kinds of repairing in iron and castings is executed with neatness and despatch. The Hotel Elliott. — This is one of the ornaments of the village. It is situated just opposite the depot, and the grounds comprise nine acres, two of which are taken up with "East Lake." Tiie grounds are laid out in park-like style, with numerous walks. A large number of shade trees and ornamental trees, flower beds, mounds, vases, fountains, statuary, rustic seats, summer-houses, etc, are appropriately and tastefully arranged. There is also a quarter-mile race course, with a band stand in the center. The lake is sup- plied with fish, and a number of small boats fir the pleasure of the guests. There is a mineral spring near the house, the water of which is an excellent cure for rheumatic, dyspep- tic, kidney and liver diseases. In connection with the spring is a well-arranged bath house, where the guests are accom- modated with either hot or cold sulphur baths. The location is beautiful and healthful. In the warmest days of sum- mer there is always a good breeze passing over the Grand Cote prairie. The place is fast becoming a favored summer resort. Mr. Michael Adami is the proprietor. PKIiSENT BUSINESS — TRADE OF 1882 Physicians — C'. J. Childs, R. S. Edgar, A. R. Leeper, Andrew Marlow. General Merchandise. — W. J. Crawford, W. W. Jamison, Woodside & Wiseley. Dry Goods and Notions — John Osborn. 372 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Drugs, Books and Stationery. — Edgar & East, J. S. Mil- ligan. Hardware, Stoves and Tinware. — Thomas Crawford, J. M. Elliott. Groceries. — Nathaniel Childs, J. B. Morrow. Clothing, — Stewart & Armstrong. Books, Stationery, Jewelry and Postmaster.— \Y . A. Milligan. Harness Store. — William Orr & Co. Shoe Stores —Christ. Emig, James Millikin. Jewelry.— WiWium Warnock, Thomas Orr. lAvery Stables. James W. Gillespie, Wiseley Bros Furniture. — Burns & Stewart. Lumber Yard and Carpenter S/iop.— Wiseley & Lyle. Newspapers.—" Coulterville Headlight," Ashwood & Mar- low, editors ; " Coulterville Clipper," William Beattie, editor. Dentist— S. H. Wirtz. Brick Fard.— Robert McAfee. Painter. — John Saffer. Carpenter Shops. — J. P. Williamson, J. P. Patterson, James Wylie. Insurance Agents.— S. M. East, J. A. Nisbet, Anthony Steele. Ifo/efe.— Hotel Elliott, M. Adarai, proprietor ; Coulterville House, John Dixon, proprietor; City Hotel, Mrs. Harben, proprietress; Stranger's Home, I. N. McCollum, proprietor. Wagon 3Iakers. — M. G. Treffls, A. W. Rideway. Blacksmith /SAojo.s.— William Craig, Adam Miller. Butchers.— J. C. McKelvey, S. B. Brown. Restaurants and Bakery.— Ma.tthevi Wilson, John Rich- mond, Mariah Anderson. Cigars and Confectionery.— Sa.mue\ Williamson. Millinery.-ADna, McKelvey, Harmau McLaughlin. Dressmakers. — Mrs. Mason, Mrs Elder, Sarah A. Pettigrew. Barbers — John Cjstley, Samuel Tabor. Justices. — David Munfbrd, Anthony Steele. Constables. — Rufus East, Jesse McBride. BIOGRAPHIES MESSRS. ASHWOOD & MARLOW. These young men are the proprietors and editors of the Coulterville Headlight, a paper that displays energy and good practical management on their part. J. W. Ashwood is a native of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, where he was born in March, 1861. He received his education in the schools of Pennsylvania and Kansas. Id Kansas he gradu- ated from Winchester Academy. In 1880 he came to Ran- dolph county and commenced teaching in Jordan's Grove school, a position he has since retained, a compliment to his teaching ability. In connection with Mr. Marlow he bought the Headlight March 1st, 1882. Alexander H. Marlow is a native of Tennessee, from which State he removed with his father's family and settled in Me- tropolis, Massac county, Illinois, in 1870. In 1871 he entered the office of the Metropolis Weekly Times to learn the prin- ter's trade. Here he remained three years. In 1875 he be- came foreman of the Gibson Courier, and in 1879 he took charge of the Clay County Gazette, published at Flora, Illinois, at which place he was honored with the presidency of the National Christian Temperance Union, with a mem- bership of eight hundred. In December, 1880, he became foreman in the office of the Headlight, and remained in that position until the time of the purchase of the paper. He was united in marriage to Miss Anna M. Woodside, a native of Pittsburg, Pa., a few months since. Of both members of this firm it may be said they are men of excellent habits, good citizens, and are highly respected by all who know them. WISELY BROTHERS. The energetic liverymen of Coulterville are of Irish ex- traction, their father, Peter Wisely, having been born in county Armagh, Ireland, May 6, 1806, and their mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Lindsay, in county Derry, August 22, 1808, same country. Peter Wisely came to America, landing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in Septem- ber, 1828, and in 1831, came to Washington county, Illinois, thence to Randolph in 1852, where he died April 25, 1861. Of the brothers, J. L. was born August 15, 1831, in Frank, lin county, Pennsylvania, and Alex, in Washington county, Illinois, February 17, 1847. Brought up as farmers' sons inured to toil, they obtained fair knowledge of books by attendance at school during the winter months. Both have forsaken farming for other pursuits. They jointly own the livery stable, which, under their management, is proving profitable. They are held in high repute as citizens, being active in prosecuting whatever is calculated to promote the public welfare. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 373 tz^i ,^ ^, The present able representative from Randolph county in the State Legislature, boasts of being of Scotch descent, his parents having both been born in the land of the high- lands. His father, John, and his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Borland, were married in the country (f their nativity, and had seven children before embarking for this country, where they arrived in 1845. They came by way of the lakes, and touched first at Chicago, and then made their way to southern Illinoi.s, and settled in Wash- ington county. After a residence there of some five years came to this county and located near Coulterville. Mr. McFie received in Scotland a finished education, and fol- lowed teaching several years before coming to this country, and also a number of 3'ears after becoming a citizen of Illinois. He died at his residence in Coulterville, Augnst 7th, 1862, after a lingering illness of four years. He was a devout member of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. He possessed fine natural abilities, and bore an untarnished reputation. Two children were added to the family circle after coming to this country, John R. and Elizabeth. William, the only other surviving member, lives at present in Colorado. Both these sons served in the Union Army during the late rebellion. William volunteered in 1861, and was in the army three years. John enlisted in 1864, and served until the close of the war. He volunteered in Co. E., .30th III. Infantry, and was made regimental P. M. He was with Sherman in his march to the sea. Mr. McFie's early inclinations led him to adopt the law as a profession, and he commenced a course of legal reading at the age of twenty-two, under J. B. Jones, now of Chicago. He was admitted to the bar in April, 1870. He at once established a practice in Coulterville, where he has since resided. He was elected to the State Legislature by a very flattering majority in 1876 and again in 1880. As a legis- lator he serves his people faithfully and earnestly, and has established a reputation for activity and legislative ability second to none in that body. He was married to Miss Mary B. Steele, a lady of fine accomplishments, October 9, 1S76, at the residence of her parents in Coulterville. They made a bridal tour to the great centennial exposition at Philadelphia. Mrs. McFie's father was Matthew .Steele, a citizen for many years of St. Louis, and latterly of Coulterville. BBEWERVILLE RANDOLPH COUNTY. c\)"f REWERVILLE lies in the western part of the county, and the precinct received its name from the little town of Brewerville, situated in township five, range nine. Its formation and established boundaries are of recent date, and it constitutes a part of four congressional townships as follows: townships five and six ranges eight and nine. It is bounded on the north by Ruma and Evansville precincts, on the east by Kaskaskia and Kaskas- kia river, south by the Mississippi and Kaskaskia rivers and west by Prairie du Rocher. The surface is much broken, after leaving the American Bottom, and the blufl^s rise to an altitude of several hundred feet. About one half of the precinct is included in the bottom, which constitute some of the richest farming land in the West. Large groves of pecan trees still exist, and are made useful for their bountiful supply of nuts. This soil is better adapted to the culture of corn than the uplands, though much excellent wheat is raised. After reaching the bluff, wheat becomes the principal crop. In an early day the upland was covered with a heavy growth of timber. Large forests of timber yet remain, but it is mainly of a later growth. An early settler pointed out to the writer, trees that were a foot and a half in diameter that had grown since his boyhood, and stated that prior to their growth the wild grass was growing there six feet in height. But a small portion is sectionized, hav- ing been early settled by the French, and they obtained grants of various sizes and shapes, some of which were but one arpent wide, and extended from the river to the bluff. Big creek extends through the central eastern portion of the precinct, and discharges its waters into the Kaskaskia. The population is a mixture of English, German and French nationalities. The district is sparsely settled, containing only about one hundred and fifty votes. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. As above stated the first tillers of the soil were the French. They owned their arpents of land in the bottom, but lived in Kaskaskia or Prairie du Rocher for many years after selecting and cultivating their lands. This was as early as 1750, or before. The first English settlement was made in 1806, by Dr. George Fisher. He came from Virginia in 1798, and first located in Kaskaskia, where he resided for eight years. He then moved with his fiimily and settled at the foot of the bluflfin survey 360 about four miles south east of Brewer- ville on the land now owned by the heirs of Daniel Willis. 374 He became an influential man in his community. When the Indiana Territory was organized, he was appointed Sheriff of Randolph county. Upon the organization of Illi- nois Territory, he was elected a member of the first General Assembly, and from his popularity was chosen speaker of the Lower House. On the admission of the state into the Union, he was chosen a member of the Constitutional Con- vention which framed the first Constitution of the State. He died on the old farm at the foot of the bluff" in 1820. This part of the precinct is yet known as the " Dr. Fisher settle- ment." He had but one son, John who cultivated a farm on the west side of the Kaskaskia, near the shoal. He subsequently emigrated to Arkansas. Ezra Owens and Thomas J. V., his son, located in the Dr. Fisher neighborhood as early as 1809. Mr. Owens became quite a prominent man in the community. He was chosen major of the militia, and filled the office with credit to.him- self and satisfaction to his comrades. His son Thomas was elected to the office of sheriff", and had the honor of repre- senting his constituency in the State Legislature. Ignatius Sprigg was an emigrant from Maryland, and located in the Menard Survey, on what is known as the Rerior farm. This was in 1817. He had a wife and four children, William, Joseph, James D., and Margery A. He was twice married, and two children were born from the second marriage. Mr. Sprigg was a high-minded man, and became one of the leading spirits of the pioneer times. He filled the re- sponsible office of Treasurer, and afterwards held the office of Sheriflf for a period of ten years. He moved with his family to the state of Arkansas in about 1865, where he died. One of his daughters, Margery A., wife of Thomas Blais, resides in Prairie du Rocher. Another early seitler was James Mudd, a native of Mary- land. His father and family moved to Kentucky in an early day, where James grew to manhood and married Amelia O'Harra. In the winter of 1818 he moved to Illinois and locat- ed at Kaskaskia. The family then consisted of two children, William and Margaret. A few years later he moved to this precinct and settled in section 29. Here he commenced the cultivating of a small farm, and on account of the milling privileges being so meager, he erected a little horse mill on his premises. This was the first and only mill within the boundaries of Brewerville precinct. Mr. M. resided here until his death, which occurred in 1835. Benedict Horrell came from Kentucky in 1818, and lo- cated near the line dividing Brewerville and Ruma. The family have all passed away. John Brewer was also an HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 375 early settler, locating here not long after the above. He came from Kentucky and made his settlement in the western part of the precinct. He had a family of four sons and three daughters, — -Thomas, John, Felix, Vincent, Susan, Polly and Sophia. Two children were born after their com- ing, George and Pius. The family are now all gone from the county e.Kcept one daughter, who resides on the edge of Prairie du Rocher Commons. Mr. Brewer died at the old place about fifteen years ago. Several of the descendants are residents of the county, and from this family the precinci received its name. William Hamilton, Adkins and Signer were among the pioneers. Hamilton and Adkins were from the South, and at their coming they located in the Menard Survey. They resided here until their death. The custom in the early times of burying the dead was for each family to have a private place of interment on the clearing near the settler's cabin. Hence it was not until about fifty years ago that a public cemetery was established. This is situated in section 29 near the precinct line between Brewerville and Ruma. School privileges were very mea- ger in those times, and the pioneer children had but limited chances for even a common school education. It was little more than half a century ago that the first school was taught in the precinct. The school-house was a small log building situated in section 28, and among the first teachers was Henry Noah. The house and teacher passed away years ago. One of the first to practice medicine in this part of the county was Dr. Seargeant, who resided in Prairie du Rocher. He subsequently moved to St. Genevieve, Missouri, where he died. TOWN OF BREWERVILLE Is situated just at the blufi" in the western part of the pre- cinct, in township 5, range 9, and receives its name in honor of Thomas Brewer. It is a new town, only having been laid out but a few years. It was here that the first post-office and the first goods were sold within the precinct. It con- tains at this writing one general store, Wallace Snooks pro- prietor. Mr. S. is also postmaster. Henry Hine conducts the business of general blacksmithing. This constitutes the business of the town except one saloon. The facilities for trade are so meagre, that the most sanguine could scarcely expect to see it rise to a place of any considerable impor- tance. PRAIRIE DU ROCHER. RANDOLPH COUNTY. FORT CHARTRES. (HE settlement of Prairie du Rocher pre- cinct dates from the building of Fort Chartres, for many years the seat of mil- itary and civil authority in Illinois. In 1718 Pierre Duque Boisbriaut, who had been commissioned commandant at the Illinois, reached Kaskaskia. Selecting a site for a military post sixteen miles above that village, he began the erection of a fort, which was completed in 1720, and called Fort Chartres, in compliment, in all probability, to the Due de Chartres, the son of the regent of France. The French commandants at the fort, after Boisbriant, were M. De Siette, Pierre D'Artuguiette, La Buissoniere, Benoist St. Clair, the Chevalier de Bertel, Chevalier Makarty, Neyon de Villiers, and St. Auge de Belle Rive. While in the possession of France, the fort was the basis of important military operations. D'Artuguiette, in 17.36, with a force composed of the garrison of the fort, a company of volunteers from the French villages, and a throng of In- dian warriors, some of whom had come even from Detroit, get out to subdue the Chickasaws. He was defeated, and with the Chevalier Viusenne, whose name is perpetuated in that of the city by the Wabash, the Jesuit priest Seuat, and others of his companions, he was burned at the stake. Dur- ing the French and English war, 1754-59, the fort was the depot of supplies and place of rendezvous for the united forces of Illinois and the other provinces of Louisiana. The fort was originally built of wood, and was soon out of repair. It was rebuilt of stone by Chevalier de Makarty, who reached the fort, and assumed command, in the autumn of 1750. The new fort was completed in 1756. Blocks of stone were quarried from the bluff, and transported to the fort over the intervening lake. The place from which they were taken may yet be seen. The finer stone, with which the gateways and buildings were faced, were brought from west of the Mississippi. The French government felt the importance of the post, and spared no expense to build an impregnable fort- ress. The minute of its surrender to the British, in 1765, has been preserved by the French, and in it is a careful de- scription. The gateway was arched, and fifteen feet in height. Above the gate was a cut-stone platform, a stone, stairway of nineteen steps, with a stone balustrade, leading to it. The walls were stone, and eighteen feet in height. The four bastions, each with fortj'-eight loop-holes, eight embrasures, and a sentry box, were constructed of stone. Within the walls was the great store house, ninety feet long by thirty wide, two stories high, and gable-roofed ; the guard house, with a room above for a chapel ; the commandant's house, with iron gates and stone porch, a coach house and a 376 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. pigeon house adjoining, and a large stone well inside ; the intendant's house of stone and iron, with a portico, and two rows of barracks. The magazine was thirty-eight feet long, thirty-five feet wide, and thirteen feet high above the ground, with a doorway of cut stone, and two doors, one of wood and one of iron. The prison had four cells of cut stone, and iron doors. There was a bake-house with two ovens, and a stone well in front. By the treaty of 1763 Fort Chartres passed into the posses- sion of England. French troops composed the garrison for more than two years afterward. It was during this period that Pontiac organized the Indian tsibes from the great lakes to the mouth of the Mississippi for war against the English. The great chief himself, at the head of four hundred warriors, appeared at the fort, and demanded of St. Auge, who had succeeded De Villiers in command, arms and ammunition with which to prosecute the war. Major Loftus, with four hundred British troops, while ascending the Mississippi, in February, 1764, to take possession of the fort, was fired on by the In- dians, a short distance above New Orleans, and compelled to return. In the fall of 1765 Captain Sterling, in comm'and of a hundred men of the forty-second regiment, descended the Ohio, and reaching Fort Chartres, formally received its surrender from St. Auge, who, with his garrison of twenty- one men, retired to St. Louis. Some three months afler his arrival Captain Sterling died, leaving the office of command, ant vacant, and the affairs of the Illinois settlements in some confusion. St. Auge, therefore, returned from St. Louis, and acted as commandant till another British oflicer could reach the fort. The garrison was strengthened in December, 1765, by the arrival from Mobile of a detachment of the thirty-fourth British foot. Colonel E. Cole, a native of Rhode Island, and an officer in the old French war, who commanded a regiment under General Wolfe at the siege of Quebec, was stationed at the fort from 1766 to 1768. Colonel Reed be- came the commandant, and by his tyrannical and oppressive measures, gained the hatred of the feeble French settlements. He was relieved in September, 1768, by Lieutenant-Colonel Wilkins, the firmer commander of Fort Niagara. He reached the fort from Philadelphia, by way of Pittsburg, in command of seven companies of the Eighteenth, or Royal Irish, regiment. Under his administration, on the sixth of December, 1768, was convened, at Fort Chartres, the first court of common law jurisdiction ever held in Illinois. The fort was abandoned in 1772, and the British garrison transferred to Fort Gage, at Kaskaskia. When fir^t built the fort was about one mile distant from the river. In 1724 a great flood swept over the bottom, and washed away a portion of the bank in front. In 1756 the river bank was half a mile distant. A few years afterward a sand bar formed in the river, turning the current against the bank nearest the fort, which began to wear away rapidly. By 1770 the river had approached so near as to alarm the officers of the garrison. In 1772 the river bottom was again inundated, the flood sweeping away a bastion and part of the western wall. It was never subsequently occupied by a garrison- Judge Brackenridge, of the United States Court of the District of Louisiana, writes in 1817, " Fort de Chartres is a noble ruin, and is visited by strangers as a great curiosity. I was one of a party of ladies and gentlemen who ascended in a barge from St. Genevieve, nine miles below. The out- ward wall, barracks, and magazine are still standing. There are a number of cannon lying half buried in the earth with their trunnions broken ofl^ In visiting the various parts, we started a flock of wild turkeys, which had concealed themselves in this hiding place. I remarked a kind of enclosure near, which, according to tradition, was fitted up by the officers as a kind of arbor where they could sit and converse in the heat of the day." Congress, in 1788, reserved from settlement a tract of land surrounding the fort, between the old French grants and the river. In 1849 this was opened to purchaser.?. The laud was taken up by settlers, a cabin built within the walls, and the trees cleared away. The visitor of to-day can see the ridges of earth and stone which mark the location of the ancient walls. Farm buildings are within the enclosure. Pierre Laclede, the founder of St. Louis, spent the winter of 1763-64 at Fort Chartres. His company had been granted the exclusive privilege of trading with the Indians of the Missouri, and those west of the Mississippi, above the Missouri. Leaving New Orleans in August, 1763, we reached St. Genevieve on the third of November, and from there came to Fort Chartres. Learning of the cession of Illinois to England, he decided to establish a fort on the west of the Mi.ssissipppi. His goods were stored, and his company quartered, at the fort, until February, 1764, when he began the settlement of St. Louis. FORT CHARTRES VILLAGE. On the building of Fort Chartres a village began to grow up outside its walls in which the Jesuits built the church of St. Anne de Fort Chartres. Under the jurisdiction of the priest of this church, chapels were subsequently erected at St. Phillips and Prairie du Rocher. After the rebuilding of the fort in 1756, the village was called New Chartres. Part of the records of the parish of St. Anne have been pre- served. The marriage register notes at great length the weddings of the officers of the fort and of the Royal India Company, among which are those of Jean la Freile de Vidrinne, officer of a company, to the daughter of Jean Francois Liverson de Moncharveaux, a captain in the French garrison, and of Monsieur Andre Chevalier, royal solicitor and treasurer for the King at the country of the Illinois, to Madeline Loisel. In 1764, the village is said to have contained forty families. The following year witnessed the surrender of the fort to the English forces. With the the departure of the French soldiers the village died out. The inhabitants moved away, many to St. Louis, which had been founded the year before. PRAIRIE DU ROCHER. The date of the founding of the village of Prairie du Rocher is commonly fixed at 1722, a short time after the building of Fort Chartres. Its site is in a tract of land granted by the Royal India Company to Pierre Duque Boisbriant, the French commandant at the Illinois, and the builder of HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 377 Fort Chartres, and by him transferred to his nephew, Jean St. Therese Langlois, some time before tlie year 1834 Lan- giv,U was an officer of the French troops. He divided out the tract in allotments to actual settlers, reserving certain seigneurial rights according to the custom of Paris. A tract of land for Commons was granted to the inhabitants by Delaloire Flancourt, the civil judge at Fort Chartres, on the seventh of May, 1743. Among residents of the village in the latter part of the last century were Etienne Langlois, Jean Baptiste Blais, Jean Baptiste Barbeau, Antoine Lou- vier and the La Corapte and other families. The grant to Boisbriant extended from, the bluffs to the river. Surveys made in 1737, show that Antonie Bienvenu, M. Rosally, M. Mails, M. Buchet, Antonie Pie dit Laplume, Pierre Pille dit Lasond, Francois Bastien, Mathurin Char- reau, Sanshayrin, Ignaee Legras, Antoine Revierre, Charles Heneau, Urbain Garvais, Ueni Grude, Charles Gosseaux, Franfois Corset, Auguste Langlois, Legras dit Groce Jean and Ambrose Moreau were then among the proprietors. The lines of this same tract were again run in 1810, the United States surveyor, William Rector, certifying that the survey was made by the consent and under the superintend- ence of many of the citizens of Prairie du Rocher, and that he found " many antient boundaries" which governed the surveys. The ancestor of the Blais family in Prairie du Rocher was Jean Baptiste Blais, who came from Canada, and was a leading man in the village. He died, at an extreme old ace, in the year 1783. He had four sons, Antoine, Joseph, Charles, and Louis. The two oldest died in 1823, Charles in 1831, and Louis in early life. Antoine married Terese De Coche, daughter of Gabriel De Coche, a native of France, and an old resident of Prairie du Rocher. The next to the oldest of the children by this marriage, born in the year 1809, was Antoine Blais, who for a long number of years has been engaged in the mercantile business in the village. The first of the Barbeau family, whose name appears in connection with the history of Prairie du Rocher, was Jean Baptiste Barbeau, like the others an emigrant from Canada. His four sons were Andrew, Antoine, Baptiste, and Henry. Andrew lived to be a very old man, and died suddenly, while walking on the bluffs, in the year 1858. Antoine died in 1845. Barbeau creek, below Prairie du Rocher, received its name from the Barbeau family. Antoine Louvier was the first of the Louvier family to settle in the village, the date of his arrival being about the year 1780. His son, Antoine, became a prominent citizen, and died in 1836. John N. Louvier, the son of the Antoine last mentioned, is now the oldest representative of the French settlers in the vicinity of Prairie du Rocher. He was born in March, 1802. His mother was Louise Langlois. When the Fort Chartres reserve was opened for settlement, he made the first entry of land in the reserve, and on this land he is now living. His patents bear date of the year 1850. About one half of the ruins of old Fort Chartres is included in his farm. The house in which he lives is the oldest on the reserve, and was built by Ralph McNabb. 48 Major Pierre La Compte was one of the leading men in the village- He carried on a store for a number of years, and subsequently moved to St. Genevieve, Mo. In the last century, Prairie du Rocher was wholly French. About the year 1800. American settlers began to make their appearance. Among them was Archibald McNabb, who came to Illinois from Kentucky. He established a tan yard, which he carried on till his death in 1821. He had two brothers, Charles and Alexander. Charles was an un- married man. He taught school for several years in Prairie du Rocher, and probably was the teacher of the first Eng- lish school in the village. Clement Drury, a native of Maryland, settled in Prairie du Rocher as early, perhaps, as the year 1795. He built a horse mill. He died in 1812. His four sons were John, William, Clement, and Raphael. Henry Conner, who at one time was a resident of Prairie du Rocher, and the pro- prietor of a .store, was born in Maryland in 1785 ; in 1795, went to Kentucky; and in 1807, came to Illinois. He first settled in Kaskaskia, then moved to a farm in Monroe county, and in 1812 returned to Randolph county. He was sheriff of the county from 1814 to 1821, and United States marshal for some years between 1825 and 1830. Barnet William, and Edward Conner were his sons. Henry Ker, who settled in the village in 1816, and prac- ticed medicine and kept a store, was one of the most remark- able men who ever resided in the place. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, while his parents who were English people, were temporary residents of that city. The family moved back to London, where he received his education. In 1808, he began his travels, which lasted for eight years, and are described in a book which he published at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, in 1816. From Charleston, South Carolina, he journeyed through the interior of the country to New Orleans. In 1809 he visited the West India islands, and experienced a shipwreck. Soon after coming to Prairie du Rocher, he married Felicite Fascair. He died at St. Genevieve in 1828. Of Prairie du Rocher in 1766, Captain Philip Pitman writes : " It is a small village, consisting of twenty-two dwell- ing-houses, all of which are inhabited by as many families. There is a little chapel, formerly a chapel of ease to the church at Fort Chartres. The inhabitants are very indus- trious." Up to 1840 there was only one store in the place. In Major La Corapte's time this store was kept in a log build- ing. On the death of La Compte, Henry Conner carried on a store in a stone house, which stood just below the present church Antoine Blais opened a store in 1839, and a year or two after Eli C. Hausborough embarked in the mercan- tile business. There was a post office from an early date, but it had been kept continuously. About the year 1825, Dr. Ichabod Sargent was postmaster. He also acted as jus- tice of the peace. In early times a horse mill was operated here by La Compte. It stood on the opposite side of the street from the church, and subsequently passed into the possession of Clement Drury. Andrew Barbeau built a mill two miles below the village in 1824, on Prairie du Ro- cher creek. 378 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. William Henry began building a water mill on Prairie du Rocher creek about the year 1833, but the project was never finished. In 1840 he built a steam mill at the spot where now stands Brickey's mill. It was first a flour mill, and was afterward turned iuto a saw mill. It was operated only at in- tervals, and in 18.^8 gave place to the present Brickey's mill, erected by Frank W. Brickey and Abraham H. Lee. The church of St. Joseph was built in 1734. The corner- stone of the present church was laid July 19th, 1858. The front was rebuilt and steeple constructed in 1881. The old tabernacle brought from France, and in use in the church of St. Anne at Fort Chartres village, is still preserved, as also are the old chalices. Among the other property of the par- ish is a silver castor marked 1680. Of the congregation two-thirds is made up of French families. The rest are Americans and Germans. Services are held in the French, German and English languages. The Rev Charles Krewet is the priest in charge of the parish. The population of Prairie du Rocher by the census of 1880 was about three hundred. More than one-half of the fami- lies are French, the descendants of the early settlers of the vicinity. Some few of the old ladies can speak nothing but the French language, though of late years the English has come into general use. The village wears a thrifty and prosperous look, and numerous improvements have lately been made. The town was incorporated in 18'2.^, but the organization was soon abandoned. The town government was renewed in 183.5, but was again allowed to die out. In 1871 the town organization was again revived, and trustees elected. In March, 1873, the inhabitants voted to organize as a village under the general law. The board of trustees for 1882 is composed of Franklin W. Brickey, President, Philip W. Unger, Dr. James Sloey, Frank Gladd, Louis Chaudet, and William D. Ames. There are three general stores, carried on by Franklin W. Brickey, Philip W. Unger & Co. (Philip W. Unger, Antoine Blais and William H. Conner) and Stephen Chaudet & Co (Stephen and Louis Chaudet). William D. Araet has a grocery store. Martin Becker and Ernest Girard have blacksmith shops, and John Schott and Joseph Seecleger follow shoe making. Dr. James Sloey, Albert L. Brands and Dennis F. Cecil practice medicine. William A. Gibbs is police magistrate, and Jacob R. Duclos postmaster. The post office is supplied by a tri-weekly mail by the route from Brewerville by Prairie du Rocher and Renault to Burksville stations. The most important factor in the prosperity of the village is the mill of Franklin W. Brickey, built by Mr. Brickey and Abraham H. Lee in 18-58. The present proprietor has been absolute owner since 1868. The mill has a capacity of two hundred barrels per day. The product is shipped to the New Orleans market. A cooper shop is now in connection with the mill. The least amount of wheat ground at this mill since its establishment was .30,661 bushels in 1860, and the highest 118,062 bushels in 1879 The lowest price paid per bushel for wheat was seventy-six cents in 1878, and the highest two dollars and thirty-five cents in 1867. Mr. Brickey is a native of Wash- ington county, Missouri, and has been a resident of the county since 1844, in which year he began business at Fort Chartres landings PRAIRIE DU ROCHER COMMON.S. A grant of upland more than three miles square, was made to the inhabitants of Prairie du Rocher for commons on the 7th of May, i743. The grant is signed by Delaloire Plancourt, civil ^udge at the Illinois, residing at Fort Chartres. The land was used in common by the residents of the village for more than a hundred years without restric- tion. A special act in force February 8th, 1851, was passed by the State Legislature, which constituted Andrew Bar- beau, Leon Vion, Antoine Albert, Joseph Blais and Ambrose Ker, and their successors, a body corporate and politic, by the name and style of '' The President and Trustees of the Commons of Prairie da Rocher." It was provided that an election for trustees should be held in ^pril, 1853, and every two years subsequently. The trustees were given power to sell or lease the land, the pro- ceeds to be applied to the education of the children of the inhabitants of Prairie du Rocher, and "of such residents as by immemorial custom had been commoners on said common, and the children of the lessees of said land or lots. No lease of land should be made to extend beyond ninety- nine years. To carry out the provisions of the act the trustees were authorized to establish not more than two elementary schools in the village of Prairie du Rocher. Under the provisions of this act one half of [the commons was sold at public sale in the year 1852. The land brought from one dollar and fifty cents to four dollars an acre. The balance has since been sold at private sale. The money has been used for the support of the public schools, so that no money for school purposes is raised by taxation in the Prairie du Rocher district. On the 21st of May, 1859, the commons fund amounted to $11,856.40, and on 10th of April, 1882, to 815,286.64. The fund is in the hands of Franklin W. Brickey as treasurer The present trustees are Philip W. Unger, president ; Joseph Bessen, Henry Barbeau, Vincent Mudd and Thomas L. Mudd. No early settlements were made in the commons, it being possible to acquire no fee simple title to the land till after the sales in 1852. John Mudd, now a resident of the Com- mons, is one of the oldest citizens of the county. He was born in Washington county, Kentucky, in February, 1802, and came with his father, Thomas Mudd, to Randolph county in 1816, the family settling in section twenty, of township five south, range eight west His wife, with whom he has lived since 1830 (they having been married longer than any other couple in Prairie du Rocher precinct) was Mary Brewer, daughter of John Brewer, who settled in section twenty-four, township five south, range nine west, adjoining the Commons, in the spring of 1822. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 379 BIOGRAPHIES. ^/^/Wv-uC ^tf^t COO^ Prairie DU RociiER, a charming village, located early in the past century, fur the last twenty-five years has recognized Antoine Blais as its leading merchant. Here he was born August 27, 1809. His ancestors for three generations before him, lived in the same village. Antoine received his early education in the subscription schools in his native town. At the age of seventeen he went to St. Genevieve, Mo., where he learned the trade of a blacksmith. Two years thereafter found him in St Louis driving his trade. In 1832 he re- turned to Prairie du Rocher, where he prosecuted the same business. In July, of the same year, he married Lucy Conner, who died in 184l>. In 1.S49, he, in company with others, went to California, returning in 1857, witii considerable means, acquired during his stay. At that time he entered upon his mercantile career. A few months after his return he was married to Mary M. Phegley, the daughter of Abra- ham Phegley, a native of Kentucky. Mr. Blais is favorably known throughout the county as a business man of reliabil- ity and enterprise. He commenced his career without a dollar, and !iis accumulations have been the result of his in- dividual efforts. 380 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. aJ ABKAHAM H. LEE (deceased). A STRANGER entering the pretty little village of Prairie du Rocher, from the east, perceives while yet descending the steep hill leading to the great American Bottom, the quaint old mill of Franklin W. Brickey, formerly built and owned by Abraham H. Lee, in connection with its present proprietor. Close by the mill the eye catches the sight of the beautiful Lee mansion, now occupied by Mr. F. W. Brickey. The history of Mr. A. H. Lee, whose portrait heads this sketch, is indeed a very interesting one, and well deserves to be perpetuated in the annals of Randolph county. He was a native of Centreville, Ohio, born on the 26th day of Sep- tember, 1819. Coming to St. Louis when yet a young man, he was there engaged as commission merchant and steam- boat clerk ; he afterward founded the firm of David Tatum & Co., in St. Louis, on Second street, between Washington and Christy avenues, which house did a lucrative commis- sion business. In 1857 he came to Prairie du Rocher, 111., where he, in conipa^ny with Mr. Brickey', entered the milling business, at which he continued until the year 1867. On the 2"2d day of January, 1846, Mr. Lee was married to Miss Marie Josephine Henry, at Prairie du Rocher. Mrs. Lee was born at Ross Town, New York, December 13, 1826. Her parents were William and Mary Henry, Their child- ren, in the order of their birth, are : Roger S- Lee, born Nov. 26, 1846. He married Miss Martha Johnson, in 1870, They have four children, and reside near St. Joseph, Bu- chanan county.. Mo., where Mr. Lee is engaged in farming. Mary Lee, born Nov. 24, 1848; died August 18, 1850. William H. Lee, born Dec. 10, 1852; was married to Miss Matilda McCartney, Feb. 5, 1875. They had three child- dren, two living and one dead. Wm. H. Lee is engaged in the wholesale liquor trade at 212 Walnut street, St. Louis, Mo. Louis H. Lee, born March 24, 1854 ; Charles H. Lee, HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 381 born April 9, 1856 ; Angelica G. Lee, born June 7, 1858, died March 10, 1863. Elmira Lee, born March 16, 1860. Miss Elinira was married to Mr. H, Benoist, on Feb. 10, 1878. They have three children. Mr. Benoist carries on a wholesale saddlery store at 425 North Main street, St. Louis, Mo. J. Perry Lee, born Aug. 5, 1862 ; Grace Lee, born July 4, 1864, died April 1.5, 1866. Mr. A. H. Lee was postmaster of Prairie du Rocher for three years. An amusing feature of his official career in that capacity is his collection of the different styles of spell- ing the name of " Prairie du Rocher " which came under his observation. There are only twenty-four various ways. The list was originally published in the " Missouri Republican ": Perry Deruth, peredrush, Prairie du Roncher, Perider- oosh, Piere Deroncher, Praridruch, Pirairie de rocher, Praria Der Rocher, Prairn du Rusher, Praire du Rocher, Prairie du Roocher, Pery doroch, Prairie DeRushar, Prarie Du Rush, Praery du Rucher, Praree Roodichard, prair deuerse, Prerie darcher, Prarie duche, Prairie du Rocheis Perraerie Daroushe, Prei Durusya, Pary Jeruse Praiue du Roche. The list goes to show that the efficiency of our postal ser- vice, as far as reading of names is concerned, approaches perfection rather closely. Mr. Lee also served for a number of years as a notary public. The most notable event of his life occurred on the 21st of January, 1867, on which day he was the fortunate winner of the " Crosby Opera House," at Chicago. This magnificent structure had been erected by Mr. U. H. Crosby, at a cost of $600,000. Owing to the great excess of this expense over the original estimates, resulting from many unforeseen causes originated by the war and its accom- panying disasters, Mr. Crosby became financially embar- rassed, which made the sale of the property a necessity. It was determined to arrange a grand drawing, the opera house being offered as first premium. The price of tickets was fixed at five dollars each. Mr. Lee bought only one ticket, No. 58,600. The subsequent history of the matter will be shown to better advantage by newspaper clippings preserved in Mr. Lee's scrap-book, which are given below : "The following letter written by Mr. Lee to a friend in Chicago on the day after he first was notified of his good luck. It explains more than aught else what kind of a man Mr. Lee was, and shows that fortune in awarding the magnifi- cent prizeexercised a commendable discretion in the selection of her favorite : Pr.\irie du Rocher, January 22, 1867. Dear Daniel: — I was very much astonished last evening at about seven o'clock, by the sudden appearance of two men in our bed room, where I sat reading by the side of my wife's bed, with the sudden announcement that I had drawn the opera house at Chicago. I don't think that I was at all excited by the report. I had a slight acriuaintance with Mr. Burroughs, one of the men ; the other, from Waterloo, was an entire stranger. The only document they brought was a copy of the Republican of the 22d inst., which had so many accounts of the matter that I hardly dared believe any of them. However, I bore the congratulations of my new friends with commendable fortitude, and dismissed them with suitable acknowledgement.''. After the lapse of half an hour I was the recipient of sundry calls from neighbors and friends in the village, all highly excited. The report had spread like lightning, and the whole neighborhood was in an uproar. I bore a hand at receiving the company, answered their questions with as much dignity as I could assume, and, in a state of semi-con- sciousness of what it all meant, started off to commune with Frank (F. W. Brickey) on the curious appearance of things. I had been there but a few minutes when a halloo was made at the door for Mr. Lee. " Is Mr. Lee here ?" Well, I went to the door and acknowledged that I was that person and went at him with the question of " What do you want ? " " Why, said the poor frozen fellow, " I have a dispatch for you from Belleville. You have drawn the opera house " I received the document and after asking Sallie (Mrs. F. W. Brickey) the privilege of reading it by the light of her lamp, I read as follows: A. H. Lee, Prairie du Rocher, Illinois. Crosby's Opera- house yours. Hold your ticket. J. B. Chamberl.mn. I mentally returned thanks to my new friend, Chamber- Iain, and returned home considerably perplexed and not yet fully conscious of the reason of my being in the hands of so many new friends, who all seemed to show so strong a desire to favor me. But a happy thought struck me. " I will look at my ticket and see if there is anything in it." VVell, Daniel, when I found it, there stood the figures as plain as day, 58,600, and no mistake. In the meantime, Joe and Ma had got hold of the matter, and to my unbounded aston. ishment, they received it at once as a fiict. I had undressed myself, for it was getting late, and was sitting in my long- tailed night-shirt, discussing the events of the evening, when a thundering knock at the door announced that all was not over yet. Ma went to the door, and quickly returned with the intelligence that "a man" wished to see me, and that he said I had drawn " Crosby's Opera-house." " The devil," said I, '■ I wish they had to swallow the opera-house ; " and, after dressing myself, went down to receive the new messen- ger. He bowed to me, I thought, as though I was a man of property, and in suitable style delivered his credentials. I looked carefully over a well-written letter of six lines, and derived such information as induced me to believe that the lucky holder of .>'^,600 was actually to become a man of property, sure enough ; for this letter came from Messrs. Pettes & Leathe, " sent," as they say, by instructions of Mr. Crosby himself. I found this last raeseenger pretty well informed about the matter, and, after seeing him eat a hearty supper and arrive at that condition when people generally become confidential and good-natured, took him aside and asked him, " if it were a fact, and no mistake." He gave me most solemn assurance that there was no mis- take about it, and that " John Meyer, of somewhere, Ran- dolph street, Chicago, was a humbug." 382 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. " Very well, Daniel, as I am really the possessor of ticket 58,600, I suppose that the opera-house really belongs to me, and I just say to you, that it is for sale. I suppose some- body wants to buy it, and I have to ask you to sell it for me. It is impossible for me to leave my wife in her present condition, or I would go up to you at once. I must wait until she gets better, whether I get the opera-house or not. She is very ill, indeed ; but I think her symptoms are favor- able for improvement. At all events, write to me on receipt of this. Your friend and brother, "A. H. Lee." The followiug communication of Mr. Lee to the Chicago Timet' embodies the reasons for the sale of the opera-house to Mr. Crosby, and explains satisfactorily the dilatoriness of Mr. Lee in reaching the city of Chicago, and the reluctance he entertained relative to being made an object of curiosity and remark : " To the Editor of The Times : " De.\i; Sir : — I desire to.pub- licly acknowledge the obligations I am under to Jlr. N. H. Crosby for the promptitude and courtesy with which he has dealt with me as the drawer of the opera house. As soon as the books were unsealed by the committee and my name discovered, a telegraphic message was sent by him to Pettes & Leathe, the agents of the association at St. Louis, to " put a faithful man on horseback and at once notify me of the fact," and this was done without expense to me. The illness of my wife prevented me from coming sooner to Chicago. It was my wish and request that I might come here and transact my business with Mr. Crosby without being the object of unpleasant notoriety, and without having my name heralded in the newspapers, and I feel deeply in- debted to him for the considerate manner in which the re- quest has been observed, especially since it has caused him some embarrassment as well as occasioned invidious comment. Feeling that the opera house should properly be owned by Mr. Crosby, I made him the offer to sell it to him for S'200,000, and the offer was accepted in a spirit which is very gratifying, and the money promptly paid to me. My connection with the opera house having thus happily terminated, I am, sir, Very respectfully and sincerely, j'ours, A. H. Lee. The above two letters of !Mr. Lee plainly delineate his fine character. His many friends fouud him entirely un- changed after the acquirement of his fortune, and he always continued to be the same, whole-souled, liberal and high- miuded A H. Lee of old. — Mrs. Lee, to whom her husband was closely attached was not permitted to enjoy their good fortune long. She died only a few months after, on Sep- tember 20th, 18(57, at the age of 40 years, 9 months and 7 days. Her remains are interred in Calvary cemetery, St. Louis. 3Ir. Lee, while traveling, died suddenly at the Burnett House at Cincinnati, on July 23d, 1869, at the age of 51 years, 9 months and 7 days. His remains are interred by the side of his beloved wife at St. Louis. RENAULT. MONROE COUNTY. EXAULT precinct bears the name of one of the most conspicuous men connected with the early French settlements of Illinois. The Company of the West was organized in France in 1717 with the object of develop- ing the mineral resources and great wealth of the Mississippi valley. This company was invested with exclusive and valuable privileges. A branch called the Company of St. Phillip's was formed, to improve the mines of Illinois and Upper Louisiana. Philip Francois Renault, a native of Picardy, France, and a man of sound mind and much energy, was selected as the principal agent to carry out the plans of the company. He sailed from France in the year 1719 with two hundred mechanics, miners and laborers, and stopping at the island of San Domingo secured five hundred negro slaves to aid in working the mines. These negroes were the first slaves in Illinois. He arrived at Fort Chartres with this colony, the largest which up to that time had reached the Mississippi valley. To aid him in his undertakings he received several con- cessions of land. On the fourteenth of June, 1723, he re- ceived a grant " in freehold, in order to make his establish- ment upon the mines " of a tract of land a league and a half in width by six in depth on the " Little Marameig " in Upper Louisiana (Missouri) ; another tract of two leagues " at the mine called the mine of Lamothe ; " another of one league in front of Pimeteau on the river Illinois ; and " one league fronting on the Mississippi, at the place called the Great Marsh, adjoining on one side to the Illinois Indians, settled near Fort de Chartres, with a depth of two leagues, this place being the situation which has been granted to him for the raising of provisions, and to enable him to furnish them to all the settlements he shall make upon the mines." This conveyance is signed by Boisbriant, the commandant at Fort Chartres, and Des Ursins, the principal of the Royal India Company. The Company of the West in 1719 had been merged into the Compauy of the Indies, under the title of the Royal India Company. The grant at Pimeteau on HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 38.3 the Illinois river was in the vicinity of Peoria, and was sup- posed to cover a copper mine. That of one league front on the Mississippi at the Great Marsh was what has since been known as the Renault grant in the south corner of Monroe county. Numerous explorations were made throughout Illinois in fruitless search of metal. Renault was more suc- cessful in Upper Louisiana, now Missouri, and melted con- siderable lead which was conveyed by pack horses to the river, and thence transported to New Orleans. It will be noted that the fertile tract of bottom land in the Renault grant was intended to furnish supplies for the mines. Farmers and mechanics were induced to settle on this tract, and the village of St. Phillips, five miles from Fort Chartres, was founded. Renault himself had his headquarters at the fort. Persons claiming to be his legal representatives, have lately attempted to recover, through the courts, possession of this land from those who have been living on it for many years, and who have been engaged in its cultivation. THE Vni.I.AGE OF ST. PHILLIl'.S. Renault received his grant of land in June, 1723, and shortly afterward the village of St. Phillips began its growth. A chapel was here established under the care of the church of St. Anne at Fort Chartres village. Surveys made on the 24th of March, 173(3, show that the St. Phillips common field lands, beginning at the south boundary, were then divided among the settlers. The village of St. Phillips never grew to any great size. It was built on claim 1308, survey 303 and adjoining .survey 3, on the east what is known as the " Stringtownroad," and little remains to show its site. Captain Philip Pitman, of the British army, thus describes it in 1700 : " Saint Phillipe, a small village about five miles from Fort Chartres, on the road to Kaoquias. There are about sixteen houses and a small church standing. All of the inhabitants, except the captain of the militia, deserted it in 176.5, and went to the French side (Missouri.) The captain of the militia has about twenty slaves, a good stock of cattle, and a water mill for corn and planks. The village stands on a very fine meadow, about one mile from the Mississippi." After 1761! the village rapidly declined, and before the close of the last century contained not a single French family. John Everett was the only inhabitant in 1803, on claim l'>t't8, survey 317, a lot containing about twenty acres, was a water mill, owned at one time, according to the records, by Charles Cndron. who acquired title in 173(J. AMERICAS SETTLEMENTS. In this part of the country was made one of the first American settlements in Illinois by Robert Kidd. He had been a soldier under Colonel George Rogers Clark, and had taken part in the capture of Kaskaskia. He returned to Illinois in 1781, in company with four others, with the inten- tion of permanently settling in the country. His com- panions chose locations near the present town of Waterloo, and in the bottom in what is now Moredock precinct, while Kidd settled in the bottom above Fort Chartres. His home was under the blufi", at the head of Kidd lake. He died in 1849 at an age upwards of eighty years. The old house in which he is said to have lived, is still standing on survey 939, His farm is a part of the estate of Jacob Fults. He was a good citizen, quiet and domestic in his ways, and rais- ed a family of children among whom were two sons, John and Samuel Kidd. Some of his descendants still reside in the country. On survey G33, claim 99.5, in the bottom, not far from the Randolph county line, lived Alexander McNabb. He acquired this tract under the act of Congress granting a donation of one hundred acres to each militiaman enrolled and doing duty in Illinois, on the first day of August, 17!)0, He had a genius for mechanical pursuits, and was master of several trades. At one time he carried on the manuftieture of powder in the cave in the bluff a mile above Prairie du Rocher. The McDavid prairie received its name from .John McDavid, who came to Illinois from Virginia, and lived for many years in this part of the county. With him came his brother Jonnathan McDavid, who died not long after his arrival. John McDavid rented land belonging to Mrs. Fisher, a daughter of Henry Levins, and the widow of John Fisher, son of Dr. George Fisher of the vicinity of Kaskas- kia, McDavid finally married Jlrs, Fisher, Samuel Nolan settled in early times near the vicinity of Ivy Landing, Below the landing also at an early day settled Daniel Winn, The farm on which he lived has disappeared in the river, A si.iter to Samuel Nolan married Lewis Greene, and after the death of her first husband she became the wife of Daniel Winn. Elizabeth Greene, a daughter of Lewis Greene, married Jacob Fults, one of the former residents of Renault precinct. She was born September, 1803, near Cahokia, and was married to .lacob Fults, in 1818, near Rush Tower, Missouri. Jacob Fults was born in Pennsylvania in the year 1793, his parents having emigrated to that state from Germany. He served five years in the regular army, taking part in the war of 1812-14. He left the United States service in 1817, He first settled on Moredock lake,and afterward came to Rjniult precinct where he died July, 1841, He lived for a time half a mile up Braun's hollow, and then on survey 309, claim 1309, where his son Jacob afterward lived for many years. He came to this location in the year 1829, Glasgow City was laid off by .James Glasgow in the year I860, A frame store-house was built by Stamen Keagy, who began the mercantile business. He kept the store two or three years, and was then succeeded by John Glenn. This store stood on Main street in the north part of the town. After (ilenn relinquished it Frank Brickcy was the proprie- tor. Among other merchants who have tran.sacted business in the jilace have been Jacob Meyer, John Burkhardt, Frank Burk it Brothers and Andrew Sale. A steam flouring mill was built in the year 1868 by James G. Ellifl'. He only ran the mill a short time, and then Simon Sale became the proprietor. The town now contains twenty-eight dwelling houses and a ])opulatiou of about one hundred and 384 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. fifty- Abraham B. Sale and Dr. Jesse Chewning carry on general stores. The latter also sells drugs. Peter Studt, Geortre W. Dashner and William Hess are engaged in the blacksniithing business. Anton Stagel and John Agelstien are wagon makers. Harmon K. Tilkemeyer has a shoe- making e.'^tablishment. Hotels are kept by Harmon Church, George W. Dashner and James Wright. The mill owned by Simon Sale has three run of buhrs. There are two churches, one Catholic and the other Lutheran. The post office is called Renault. The town is built on the old St. Louis and Kaskaskia road, which ran from Prairie du Rocher along the bluH'till south of Glasgow City, and then ascended the bluff, passing through Burksville and Water- loo to St. Louis. ■^^^g^^^^SS9^^- SPARTA RANDOLPH CO. RETROSPECTIVE of sixty years carries the reader of history back to the first settle- ment of this precinct. It was originally about three-fourths timber land, the remain- der being prairie of a rich sandy loam. This was known as Flat Prairie, situated in the northeast. The timber was mainly of post oak and black iack varieties, interspersed with hickory and walnut. The soil was of a clayey loam, sprinkled with sand, and pecu- liarly adapted to the culture of wheat. In the early days corn' and cotton were the chief products. A few years later the castor bean was introduced and became the leading in- dustry of the husbandman. To-day the staple is winter wheat. The surface is undulating and the natural drainage is almost complete. In the northwest is Plum creek and its tributaries, which forms an important auxiliary for the drainage of that portion of the precinct. Tributaries to the Little Mary's river in the south and east constitute an ex- cellent water-way for that section. The following are the present boundaries of the precinct : On the north by Tilden and Coulterville ; on the east by Coulterville and Perry county ; south by Steele's Mills and Blair precincts ; and on the west by Blair and Central precincts. The transportation facilities are very good, the Cairo and St. Louis railway entering the precinct from the west, in the northwest corner of section 2, town 5, range 6, and passing through the precinct in a southeasterly direction, crossing the line in section 27, town 5, range .5. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The first to make a home in Sparta precinct was the pio- neer, Robert Hoggins ; he came from South Carolina in 1798, and located near Kaskaskia; subsequently in 1812 he moved with his family and squatted in section 19, town 5, range 5, on the land now owned by Samuel Wilson. He erected a small pole cabin and commenced the life of a pioneer, living mostly by trapping and hunting. He cleared a piece of ground and raised a patch of corn sufficient to supply the wants of the family, but occupied the greater part of his time in hunting ; indeed, he was purely a back- woodsman of the Daniel Boone type, and it is said of him, that there was but one man who was his equal as a hunts- man in all the country around, and that was a Frenchman at Kaskaskia. He moved to Perry county in 1823 and resided there until his death. One son, John, lives in Perry county, being upwards of eighty years of age. Near the cabin of Huggius was built a fort or block-house ; it was constructed of logs, and was two stories high ; it was built in 1812 or '13, and was the place of refuge during those troublesome times when the States were at war with Great Britain. This was then the frontier, and the settlers took every caution to pro- tect their families from the Indians ; if an alarm was given, the whole neighborhood would fly to the forts for protection and safety. In the second story port-holes were gashed in the logs, and so arranged that the rifle could bear upon any point within range of the fort. This building might have been seen standing as late as 1820. It was subsequently torn down and the logs utilized for stables by the early settlers. David Hoggins, a brother of Robert, settled in section 18, town o, range 5, about the same time as the above ; he re- mained but a few years, moving to Washington county in 1815. James Hnggins, a son of Robert, was the first settler in Flat Prairie; this was in 1817 ; they have long since mi- grated to other portions of the States. Another pioneer was James Patterson ; in 1817 he moved to Randolph county and settled in section 13, town 5, range 6, where he resided until his death, which occurred in the fall of 1828. Among the most prominent early settlers was Maj. Andrew Borders. He was born in South Carolina, and when a young man went to the State of Georgia, where he married Martha Clark in 1813. Three years later he emigrated to Illinois, and settled in section 3, township 5, range 6, on the farm now owned by Silas M. Little. His family then con- sisted of his wife and one daughter, Mary A. He arrived the first of January, 1816. Having no house to go into, the family lived for a short time in a tent prepared for the pur- pose. In the meantime a rude cabin was constructed. Subsequently he entered a quarter section of land, and 3 84 A HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. commenced the improvement of the same. Several cliihlren were born to the family as follows : James J., Michael W , Elias K., Sarah K., Rachel, Cynthia, Martha, and Minerva 11. Mr. Borders was a good financier, frugal in hi.s habits, and thus became one of the wealthiest men in the county. At his death, which occurred in January, l.S(i4, he was in possession of seven or eiglit thousand acres of land. James J. is a baker in Sparta, Michael W. lives in St. Clair county, Sarah, widow of Andrew Mcllwain, lives in town 4, ranged, anil Minerva H., wife of Silas M. Lott, resides at the old homestead in town 5, range C. No other members of the family are now living. James McClurken was also born in South Carolina, but while in Kentucky he married Susan Leapcr. Soon after- ward they moved to the State of Indiana, and in 18 Ui, emi- grated to this county, and located in what is now Central precinct. Two years later (1818) he moved to Sparta, and located in section (>, and entered the land that the city now occupies. The family, at thi.s time, were his wife and three children, Jane, Susan, and Samuel. Six other children were born to the family, Sarah, James L., Matthew, i\Iary, Florence A., and Thomas. Mr. McClurken entered ijuite a tract of land, and became one of the leading business men of that day. He constructed the first cotton gin in this part of the country, and thus became an important factor in the indus- try of the culture, and propagation of the cotton plant. Subsequently he built a castor oil prcs», and was largely en- gaged in the traffic of the castor bean product, and the commerce of the same. In 18:?9 he erected a saw mill in Sparta, and the following year (1840) built the first steam flouring mill in this part of the county. His eflbrts as a shrewd business man were appreciated, and in the same j'ear he was elected to represent his constituency in the State Legislature. During his whole business life he was one among the leading men of the day. His death occurred in Sparta, January, 18.')1. All the children have passed away except Matthew and Florence. The former is a resident of Sparta, atid is one of the foremo.5t business men of the city. He owns the woolen mills, and is largely engaged in the mercantile afl'airs of the town. In honor of his birth, which was among the first in the village, he has erected his dwel- ling over the very spot where he was born. Florence, ■widow of Henry Gardner, is also a resident of the citv. Samuel Nisbet wa.s a native of Ireland, born in 1782. He came with his parents to America in IT^*!), and landed in Charleston, South Carolina. In 18().5 he married Nancy Morris, and in the fall of the same year they moved to Ten- nessee, where they remained until the fall of 181i). The year before he had come to Illinois and entered land on section 9. He returned, and the next tall removed his family to the new-made state. The family then consisted of three sons and three daughters : James, Robert, Samuel T., Jane C, Agnes and Mary. Their first shelter was a tent, where they lived for three weeks, or until a cabin could be erected. This house was a rude affair, 16x18 feet, and constructed of logs or poles, such as four men could conveniently handle. Neighbors were so scarce, that Mr. N. was obliged to go six miles to obtain help in the raising of his cabin. Windows 49 were luxuries in those days that the pioneers were unable to purcha.se. For lighting purposes, a crack between the logs at the jamb was left open. The door was maile of rived clap-board-, and the roof was of the same material, held down with " weight-poles." The floor was mother earth, and the chimney was constructed from slicks and mud. He became a jjrosperous farmer ; he was aho a carpenter. lie died in 1872. Quite an addition was made to the little colony in l^Ui and 1820; among whom were: Arthur Parks, William and Samuel Gordon, John and James Baird, Thomas Mc- Dill, James Wilson, William Chambers, Alexander, John and Ebenezer Alexander, Thomas and William Finley, and John McMillan. The Alexanders were also early settlers, so was William Chambers and family. Jarucs Wilson was another early settler; he came in 1><20, and raisetl a large family, all of whimi are decea.sed. He and his wife died several years ago. Arthur Parks settled in this precinct in the spring of 1819 He was for a time county commissioner, and served many vears as justice of the peace; he died in l''^44. The McDills were from South Carolina, and settled here in 1820. John and James Baird became residents of what is now this precinct in 1819. Thomas and William Finley (brothers) were natives of Ireland ; they settled on sec. 7 in 1820, and both had families. William and Samuel Gordon also located here in 1820. William was a tanner by trade. His brother Samuel married here and reared a family. He was a blacksmith and established the first shop in this precinct on section 19. He subsequently became interested in the culture of castor beans. He constructed the first oil l)ress and was the leading factor of that industry. James Anderson came from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1821, and settled in section 8, a little south of Eden. He and his wife are both deceased ; he died in July, 1827. .Samuel Wylie, an Irishman by birth, became a resident of the county in 1817. He first located in Kaska.skia anil in lS2ii came to this pre- cinct. John Armour located here in 1826. He was a school teacher, and was a man of considerable reputation and en- terprise One of the most prominent citizens here of his time was Robert G. Shannon. He was of Irish descent, and came to Illinois in 1818. In 1827, he established himself in the mercantile business on section G, a mile south of Sparta. In 1828, he moved to the present site of that town, and es- tablished the first store. The first post-office in the town was called Shannon's store, and Mr. Shannon was the post- master. He was one of the leading business men until his death, which occurred in 1849. Nine children were born to the family, only one of whom is living, John R. who now resides somewhere west of the ^Mississippi. Joseph Brown emigrated from South Carolina to the precinct of Sparta in the fall of 1827. His family then consisted of his wife Elizabeth, and three children, Isaac, James M. and Eliza J. lie first located in section 13, T. o, R. (i. The following spring he moved to section 12, a little south of Sparta. Several children were born to the fanjily after their coming. All are living except James M. Isaac, Eliza J. and William are in Kansas. David is in Perry county, 380 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Margaret lives in Sparta, Joseph resides near Coulterville, and Mary lives at the old homestead. Mr. Brown is yet living, and in his eighty-sixth year of age. He yet resides in section 12, where he located in 1828. Lawson JMurphy was a Tennesseean, and moved with his family to this precinct in the spring of 182!), and first located in what is now Tilden precinct. He remained here but a few months, when he removed to Sparta, where he lived un- till his death. At his coming he had a wife and an infant son, William P. Seven other children were born to the family, all of whom are now dead. William P. is the only survivor of this numerous family. Mr. Murphy was a brick mason by trade, and was auxiliary in making the brick, and constructed the first brick houses in Sparta. He died in 1851. William P. has for many years been a prominent citizen of the county. He has filled the office of county treasurer, been the assessor of internal revenue for Randolph county, held the office of Judge of the Common Pleas Court of the city of Sparta, and was the last county Judge up to December, 1882. . William Rosborough settled in Sparta in the spring of ISo.;. He was for many years an active business man. Among other early residents were, James Bottom, John Michau. The latter has for many years been a leading lawyer in the county. The Bsatties, James S. Brown, Wra. J. Morrison and A. Stewart, may also be mentioned. Believing that the early land entries will be of interest we append a few of the same : April 10th, l.'d"), William Morrison entered all of section 19, being (ill acres. June oOth, 1817, N. Pope and W. Harrison entered the E \ of section 20. March :;d, 1818, James Anderson entered the S. W. 1 of 8. July 'iOth of the same y&xt, James and John Huggins entered the W. I of the S. E. -i of section H. August 26th, 1818, Jacob Rann entered the N. W. 1 of section 17. November 28th, 1818, Samuel Nisbet entered the E. I of the N. E. i of section 9. August 8th, 1818, John Murphy entered the E. I of the S. E. f of section 30. August 24th, 1818, Augustine Davis entered the E. \ of the N. E. } of the same section. Sep- tember 22(1, 1818, Nicholas Bowerman entered the N. E. \ of section 25. October 1st, 1818, William I\[arshall entered the W. J of the N. W- \ of .section 4. October 15th, 1818, John McMillan entered the W. \ of the S. W. \ of section 5. December 17th, 1818, James McClurken entered the S. W. I of section 5. The above entries are all in town.ship 5, range 5. Francis Beatty entered 400 acres in section 33, town 4, range 5. August 3d, 1818, Samuel Hill, jr. entered the S. W. 4 of section 30, same town and range. The first marriage ceremony was performed at the house of James Patter.son in 1820 The contracting parties were William Sterret and a daughter of Mr. Patterson. In the same year was recorded the first death, the person being a little daughter of William Chambers. She was buried in section eight, on the land then occupied by Ebenezer Alex- ander. He subsequently laid off the grcund for a cemetery, and it is now known as the Bethel burial ground. The first school was taught by a man of the name of Moore in the summer of 1820. The school-house was situated in section sixth, about a mile south of Sparta. It was originally built for a dwebing by one of the early settlers, but had been abandoned. It was a little log cabin, with puncheon floor, and the lighting was obtained through the cracks between the logs. It then required about six miles square to constitute a sufficient number of children to form a school. Among the early justices of the peace were Arthur Parks and Robert Clark. The first practicing physician was Dr. Jernigan, who then resided near Georgetown. Joseph Fernan was the first physician to locate here. This was in 1829. He remained here until his death which occurred in 18(il. A post office was established in 1822, and was situated in section six, about a mile south of Sparta. William Gordon was the post master. The major part of the subsequent history will be found- in the CITY OF SrAKTA. The first upon the ground of this beautiful city was James McClurken, a sketch of whom has already been given in this chapter. In 1826, he sold twenty acres to John Armour who erected a small log house, situated on what is now the southwest corner of St. Louis and Main streets. It is yet standing with a frame addition attached. It is now weatherboarded and is occupied for a dwelling by A. J. D(/naldson. A year or two later Mr. Armour erected a mill near his premises, and about the same time, Robert G. Shannon moved his store of goods from the south part of section six, to this point. This formed the nucleus of the embryo village. In 1829, Mr. Armour conceived the idea of establishing a town. He therefore laid off his land into town lots and offered them for sale. The streets were named Main, Second and Cross streets, and the number of lot! was seventy-two. The first lot sold was purchased by Samuel Hill for the sum of four dollars. Mr. Shannon had the honor of naming the town, and he gave it the name of Columbus. This it bore until late in 1839. The history of its change is briefly as follows: The post office was called Shannon's store, and the town being of one name and the post office another, made it very inconvenient to the citizens. A meeting of the people was therefore called to take into consideration the renaming of the town. They met at the McDill hotel, and at the suggestion of James Morrow the name of Sparta was adopted, which was subse- quently sanctioned by legislative enactment. The name of the post oflice was changed a few months later. The mill constructed by Armour was the first in the precinct. It was worked with a sweep, and required four horses or oxen to propel it. It was in successful operation for several years. Shannon's store was a small log house situated on Main street, just west of the brick building now standing with the sign of J. R. Shannon. William H. McDill constructed and kept the first hotel. This was in 1833. The house was a two story frame, situated on Main street, lot one, Armour's survey. It is yet standing. Just east of it was laid out a public square. Let the reader imagine if he can a public square, thirty by sixty feet in dimensions, for that was its size. Until within the last year or so it has been open to the commons. Robert Pollock was one of the first business men of Sparta. In about 1830, he established a HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MOXROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 387 tannery in the town, and conducted a butcher shop. His son, J. T., in later days became a prominent phj'sician in the town. The tirst brick house was erected in liS.'iO by Rubt. G. Shannon for a store house. It is situated on the north side of Main street, and a little east of .'^t. Louis street. It is now occupied as a dwelling by H. J. Wilson. In the same year, Thornhill Ballard established a black- smith shop on Main street, on the premises now occupied by the Reverend McXary. Ballard afterwards moved to Washington county, where he died. Alexander Campbell established the first carpenter shop in the same year. Several dwelling-houses were erected about this time, and the little town received quite an impetus in the way of improvement. In 18.'S3, James McClurken built a cotton gin, and a few years later he erected a steam grist and saw mill, which was the first in this part of the country. These gave an additional importance to the commercial interests of the place, and other substantial improvements soon fol- lowed. About this time — LSS!) — the ('i/liiiiihu,i Ileru/d was established by James Morrow. This was an important auxiliary toward improving the town. In 1840, an academy of learning was instituted with considerable show of success. The building is yet standing at the west end of Broadway, and is now utillized for a dwelling. In the same year, James McClurken erected an oil mill for the manufacture of castor oil. This industry formed an impor- tant item in the commerce of Sparta for many years. At this writing the city is in a prosperous condition, and contains nearly '>,W{) inliabitauts. This article would be incomplete without mentioning the reputation that Sparta and the town of Eden gained in the time of the agitation of the slavery question. Indeed, these two towns formed the grand depot of the system known as the " Underground railway." After crossing the Mississippi the objective point of the escap- ing slave was one of these towns. They were then secreted and as soon as practicable conveyed from point to point in the night time to the dominions of Canada. The route was to Chicago, via Alton. After the Illinois Ceiitral Railroad was constructed they were conveyed to Centralia, thence north. Hundreds were thus removed beyond the recovery of their owners. This sy.-.tem prevailed until after the com- mencement of the Civil War. Li'-i/rpi/rntion. — The town was incorporated in 18.17, with the following first officers: Dr. Joseph Farnan, Lawson Mur|)hy, John A. Wilson, James A. Foster and John W. Slade constituted the Board of Trustees. In lf:!, Thomas, a sou of the above, bought out the business and conducted it until Ixill . when it passed 388 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. into the hands of the present proprietor, Matthew McClur- ken. The business was conducteil in the old building until 1879, when Mr. McClurken purchased the factor)' of Kirk- wood & Co., on South St. Louis street, and moved his ma- chinery, etc , over there, where he is now operating. The building is a two story brick, 54x74 feet, besides an engine- room and dye house 30xG4 feet. The capital invested is estimated at S15,000. The factory is what is known as a "two-set" mill, with ten looms. The value of manufac- tured product is from $50,000 to $76,000 annually. Twenty persons are given employment by tiiis iudustry. Sparta Plow Works were established in 1857, by F. R. Crothers, and situated on Broadway between McMillan and Vine streets. It is a brick building, the front being two stories high, and 32 by 60 feet on the ground. Two one- story buildings extend back, with an alley between, and are 26 by 80 fiet. The capital invested is $25,000, and 1,200 plows and 200 harrows are manufactured in one year. They are mainly sold in Southern Illinois. Eight men are employed in the works. Plow Manvjiidory, A. A. Burlingarae, proprietor. Mr. Burlingame established in Eden in 1844, in the manufac- ture of wagons, and merged into the plow business in 1859. He moved his works to Sparta in 1866, and located on Jackson street, between McMillan and Vine streets. The building is a two-story frame structure, and with the entire belongings covers 4420 square feet of ground. It is exclu- sively engaged in the manufacture of plows and harrows, and gives employment to nine men. The annual value of manufactured product is about $12,000, Stirrup Factory. — This industry was established by Hynd man Brothers in the spring of 1882, and is situated on the north side of East Broadway, near the Union Flouring Mills. The building is a frame 24 by 48 feet in dimen- sions, besides an engine-room 16 feet square. It has a capa- city of manufacturing 200 dozen pairs of stirrups per week. From seven to ten men are given employment. The ship- ments are mostly made to the State of Texas. Its estima- ted annual value of product is $5,000. Brick Yard, Samuel Burns, proprietor. This is located in East Broadway, opposite the Union Mills. It was established in the spring of 1882, with one kiln and a capa- city of turning out 200,000 bricks per year. Coal Fields. — One of the most important industries of Sparta and vicinity is the raining of coal. There are three principal shafts: Boyd's, Dobbins', and Roseborough's. At present the coal is raised by horse power, though the inten- tion is to soon operate them by steam power. These shafts are respectively 90, 160, and 25 feet in depth. The coal- bed roof is black slate or " cannel," with occasionally sand- stone or lime-stone. The floor is fire clay, while the depth of vein is about 6 feet, and the quality of coal is the best in the state. The most extensively worked mine is that of R. H. Roseborough, situated in section 22, a few miles south- east of the town. Thirty men are employed, and from 80 to 100 tons of coal is raised daily. The first coal was obtained by drifting into the hillside, the coal cropping out at some points in the hills south of town. Bank. — Borders & Boyle, proprietors. This was estab- lished in 1877, and located on the south side of Broadway. It has a cash capital of $20,000, and is well prepared in every way to do a safe banking business. It has a fire proof vault, and McNeal & Urran's fire and burglar proof safe. The School Building is situated in the north part of town, bounded on the south and west by Main and St. Louis streets. It is a fine brick building three stories in height> and 63 by 83 feet on the ground. The play grounds are commodious and well adorned wiih shade trees. The school is divided into eight grades ; four primary, three intermedi- ate and a grammar and high school department. Fourteen teachers are employed, and there is a maximum of attend- ance of about 650 pupils. Broadway Hotel. — The city contains but one hotel at this writing, and it is one of the best buildings in the town. It was erected by a stock compaily in 1867, at a cost of $15,000. It is located on the southwest corner of Broadway and St. Louis streets. It is three stories, brick, and a store base- ment, and has the capacity of accommodating seventy-five guests G. W. Royce is the present efficient landlord. The Illinois National Guards were organized in Dec. 1879, as company F, of the 11th regiment, but was sub- sequently changed to company C , 9th regiment. The first officers were, Captain G. B. McDonald ; 1st lieut., H. C. McDill ; 2Dd lieut., W. E. McConachie ; l.st sergt,, C. C. Hyndman ; 2nd sergt,, C. W. Miller ; 3rd sergt., R. L, Gaines ; 4th sergt, Thurston Taggart; 5th sergt., James Hartley; 1st corpl., J. F. Miller ; 2ud corpl , S. M. Frazier ; 3rd corpl. , T. W, Hill ; 4th corpl , James A. Ennis. The company, when organized, had 47 members, and at this writing has 59. They are fully uniformed, and among the best drilled in the state, MERCANTILE HOVSES AND TRADE. Drij Goods, Clothing, Hats, Caps, etc. — James Bottom, Sproul Brothers, J. & R Hood, James H. Taylor. Dry Goods. — Watson & Son, Daniel Burnett, Joseph McHenry. Clothing Stores. — William C. Barnett, Mrs. John Temple. Groceries and Hardware. — William Brown, J. C, Perkins, James H. Sherrard, W. J. Lyle, Chas. Stamm, Thomas N. McCormack, Wm. H. Frazier, Jno. R. Allen, Stevenson & Beattie, Borneman & Klene, G, W. Williams. Hardware and Stoves. — Hamilton & Co. Baker and Confectioner. — John A. Holdoway. Furniture Dealers. — Taylor Bros,, William McLaughlin, Eiker Brothers. Watches, Clocks, and Jewelry. — A. B, Clifton, Joseph Victor. Agricultural Implements — Hamilton & Co., Burnett & Sproul, M. E. Foster, Dickey & Bro., Daniel Morrison, Chas. Oliver. Drugs and Medicines. — N. R. Gordon, Eugene Grinslet, J. and S. Alexander. Books and Stationery. — James D. AVatson, Chas. Gardner, William Chambers. Shoe Stores. — William Anderson, George Graham, James F. Hanson. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 389 Merchant Tailor. — Cbas. Stamm. Tailor. — Henry Smith. J/i7/fiierx.— Misses A. & E. Gibson, Misses McFarland & McHenry, Miss Clara Brown, Mrs. H. Wolfington, Miss Jennie McDill. Dres.'i 3/«A-er«.— Misses McClurken, Miss Nancy Tenant, Miss L. Anderson, Misses Lattimore, Mrs. J. Patterson, ami the Misses Calvin. Boot and Shoemak-er.—WM&m Telfert. Blacksmiths S/iops.— McCormack & Son, Elias Perkins, ■William Liitle, Miller & Bro., C. & J. Levinston. Harness and Saddlery.— James B. Jor.lon, .John T. Clen- deniu, Samuel Neil. Phij.'iiciuns.—li. R. Guthrie, D. S. Booth, C. M. Babcock, S. R. Roynton, N. R. Gordon, J. W. Weir, L. Burgess, I. J. Sanders. Dentist — J. C. Simpson. Photographers. — Louis Huebschman, John W. Minuer. Livery and Feed StablfS.—J. A Miller & Co , J. S. Foster. Stock Dealers and Shippers.— Fred Leiner, William Ros- borough. Mimcal In.itrninents.—J. C. Bratney, J. W. Minner. Meat Miirkets.-Leiuer Bros., Robert Sinclair, J. Snyder. Barbers.— Samuel W. Hunter, Geo. P. Taylor, Carter Jackson. Lumber Dealers. — Dickey & Brother. Carpenters and Builders. — L Pyles, Robt. H. Rogers, Robt. C. Wylie, Hugh Clark, Albert H. Hawthorn, Peter Ireland, Jacob Lehnheir. Painters and Glaziers. — Campbell it Son, \X. C. Orr. Stone Masons. — James Wat.son, Thomas Lonigan. i>'/-icA-/((i/«'rs.— William Skelly, S. W. Skelly. Joseph Lattimore. Postma.'I.\i;. Ivy Landing, formerly known as Goodman's Landing, is on the Mississijjpi in the. extreme south part of Mitchie pre- cinct, and is an important shipping point. A post-office by the name of Ivy was established in 187-4. George W. Cavanaugh was the fir.-t postmaster ; Smith H. Brickey now has charge of the office. Mr. Brickey and Zeno Aubuchon have carried on the mercantile business since 1874. There is a blacksmith shoj), and the place in all contains about half a dozen buildings. BIOGRAPHY. J. WM. GOODMAN. Was born in Waj'ne county, lllinoi?, on the 30th of May, 1840; he was the son of J. Martin Goodman and Lucinda Goodman {nee Conn). Lucinda Conn was of German de- scent, and the daughter of James Conn, who settled in the eastern part of this State before its admission into the Union. J. Martin Goodman was elected Captain of a Com- pany during the Mexican War, under command of Col C. Tarhara, but peace being declared, his Company returned home without active engagement with the enemy. He had a family of four children, !'i2; Martha J., J. William, (the subject of this sketch), John and Henry— the last named lives in Louisville, Kentucky. Martha is the wife of J. WjiUs, a resident of Arkansas, and John is deceased. William Goodman, father of J. Martin (niodman, and grandfather of our subject, was of German extraction, and settled in Wayne county, this State, as early as the year 1S'>3. He was married in Knoxville, Tennessee, to MirS Martha Gunu, a sister of the celebrated Dr. Gunn, author of Gunn's Medical Works. Wm. Go'dman was a resident of Illinois for about twenty years, and subsequently removed to Missouri. J. Wm. Goodman came to Monroe county at the age of fourteen, where he has since continued to reside. On October 25th, 1860, he was united in marriaee to Miss Delitha Cheek, daughter of John Cheek, an old settler of this county ; this lady died in 1865. Mr. Goodman again married in 1879 a Miss Elizabeth Crittenden, by whom he has one child. He has followed the business of farming all his life, and has been successful ; by persevering industry and economy he has acquired a well-improved and cultiva- ted farm; a view of his residence and surroundings can be seen in another portion of this work. In politics JMr. Good- man is a Republican. ►^^S^f^^- RED BUD RANDOLPH CO. 'his precinct lies in the northwestern part of the county, and is bounded on the north and west by Monroe county, on the east by the Kaskaskia river, and on the south by Ruma precinct and Horse creek. Its territDry embraces the greater portion of town 4 south, range 8 west, and that part west of the Kas- kaskia river, in town 4, range 7, north of the southern line of sections, and contains about thirty- four sections of land. It receives its name from t^e city of Red Bud, the only town in the precinct. Originally, it was about two thirds rich, rolling prairie, with good timber bordering on the Kaskaskia and the breaks of Horse creek. The prairie received its name — "Horse prairie"— in the early days of the settlement of Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher. The horses of the French settlers would escape and seek the prairies for grazing, and as this was one of the most productive in the region, it was a favorite resort for the wandering animals. The surface is undulating, sufficient for good natural drainage. The Kaskaskia on the east, with the tributaries 398 emptying into it, affordj excellent drainage in that part of the precinct, while Horse creek and its branches in the south and west, form a complete waterway for that section of its territory. The Cairj and St. Liuis railway enters the pre- cinct from the west, in section 6, extends in a southeasterly course, and crosses the Kaskaskia in section 16; thus fur- nishing transportation facilities to the citizens of Red Bud and vicinity. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. From indications yet not extinc*, and from all history that can be gleaned at the present time, the first settlements made in this precinct were in sections five and six, town 4, range 7, near the prominent bluffs on the Kaskaskia. In the year, 1795, John J. Whiteside, and a few others located on the bluff in section five, where a small town was laid oflT and called Washington. A beautiful panorama of field and prairie can be viewed from this site, overlooking Horse Prairie, at the west. The inhabitants of Washington enclos- ed fields and engaged in stock raising and agriculture. The houses were mere log cabins, but the town was laid out with regular streets, and took on the general appearance cf a frontier village. Conspicuous among the inhabitants were the HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. "G.iing" families. Th-y wtre emigrants from Kentucky, and on fir^t coming to Illinois stopped for a short time a little distance south we t of Bellefoataine, where they erected a fort. A little later ihey came to the town of Washington. They consisted of the father and son, both having families and were blacksmiths by trade, and proved useful citizens to the little colonv- Another re-ident of the town, was .John Grosvenor. He was a native of Con- necticut, and located here in 1799. He wasast )ne-ma.«on by trade, la the same year, John Pulliam located in the vil- lage. He tmignted from Kentucky in 179G, and first stopped at New Design, iu Monroe county. A year later, he moved to a point west of St. Louis, and in 179'.l, came to the town of Washington While here he cultivated a farm, near the town. He had a large family, and several of his descendants are citizens of the state. In 1SL)2, he removed to Monroe county, and finally made a plantation on the Kaskaskia. in S . Clair County, where he died in 181,3. Late in the ftll of 1797, the families of William Scott and his son-in-law, Jarvis, located in the town. They were from Kentucky. They remained here but a few months, then moved to Monroe county. The " old man " Scott died at Turkey Hill in St- Clair county, in 182S, at the age of eighty-two years. The town of Washington by common consent changed its name to that of '' Horse Prairie Town," under which name it lingered and ditd about 18U). Twenty-five years later, another little town sprang up, and was called Lafayette. This was situated on or near the old site of Washington. At one tfrae it contained one store kept by John Ralls; a saw mill owned and operated by J. & K. Ralls, and a population of eight or ten families. It, too, has passed away, with scarcelj- a relic to tell where it once stood, .\mong others who settled on Horse Prairie as early as l."<0(), were Robert McMahan, Jarrot Brickey, Samuel and Winder Kinney, Chance Ratcliti", Gibbons, Teter, Everraan and Henrj' Levins. McMahan was an emigrant from Kentucky, and first lorateil in New Dij.sign, Monroe county, in 1794 A year later he moved his family to "Yankee Prairie," a few miles southeast in thesame county. He is mentioned more at lengih inother portionsof the work. Jarrot Brickey was a native of Virginia, and while a youth went to Kentucky, and from thence to Illinois in a very early day, and located in the '■ New Design Settle- ment." About 1800, he mived to Horse Prairie, aud set- tled a little northeast of the present site of Red Bud. For a time this little settlement was so harassed by Indians that nearly all the pioneers left it and moved to other re- gions, only two or three families remaining. Among these was Mr. Brickey. This was about 1810. In the war of 1812, the Indians became more bold and troublesome than before, but these hardy few stood their groum), and braved the dangers of those times which tried the souls of the pio- neers Mr. Brickey joineil the Rangers, aud did faithful service in protecting the frontier. He lived an industrious, respected citizen of Horse Prairie for nearly half a century, and died lamented by many friends His eldest son, Preston B , was also in the service of 1812. He located a little north of Red Bud. Two of his sons, John and William, purchased the Red Bud flouring mills, and for many years were among the leaiiing business men of the city. They moved to other parts about two years ago. Another pioneer was Rawleigh Ralls, a Sc tchman by birth. He emigrated with his family from Virginia to Randolph County in 1804, and located in section 6, township 4, range 7, not far from the Kaskas^kia. This is a high, rolling ridge of ground, and from this pioneer that part of the pre- cinct retains the name of Ralls' Ridge The pioneer chil- dren were two sons and five daughters Mr. R. lived but a few years. His wife survived him about ten years The sins, Edward and John, marrie<81, and is constructed in the regular elevator style. It u 36x5fi feet on the ground, and to the top of the ventilation, is 62 feet. It has a capacity of elevating 500 bushels of grain per hour, and can store 50,000 bushels The New Sleam Flouring Mills, were erected in 1870, by Samuel Sale, and are situated in the northwest part of the town, on Pine street. Mr Sale did not finish the mill on ac- count of a lack of means Leonhard and Fisher bought out the concern, and placed in the machinery. They conducted it for a time, when it came into the hands of Wm. A. Fish- er. In 18Sl, Mr. Fisher erected an elevator, and made other improvements to the mill, and the fi)llowing year he sold out to the present firm, H. B. Fggers &. Co. The main building is a substantial brick edifice, -50 x .50 feet, and four stories high. The elevator is attached to the mill, and is also of brick, three stories high. The mill contains five runs of .stone and seven sets of rolls, Avith a capacity of manu- facturing 250 barrels of flour daily. Twenty-five employes are given labor by this industry, as the firm manufacture their own barrels for shipping flour. The shops are located a little north of the mill, and cover o()oO square feet of ground. The " Ambrosia" is their favcjrite brand of flour. The ele- vator has the capacity of storing 18,i)(IO bu^hels of wheat. B. V. Frank is the head miller, and the manager of the mills. 51 Carriage Manufactory, J. Roscow & Brother Proprietors. This factory was established in the spring of 1876, by James Roscow; and January, 18>>0. the firm became W. & J. Ros. cow, but was subsequently changed to the present firm name. The building is a two story frame, 50 x 76 feet, and contains a blacksmith shop, wood work and trimming rooms, besides two floors for a repository. Fourteen men are given employ- ment. The firm make a specialty of the "Tinkcn and Brewster platform spring " Surrey carriages of every descrip- tion are manufactured. So'la WatiT Factory. — This business was commenced in the .-pring of 1878, by Henry Buettner, and is situated in the middle of the block, east of the post-office, on the north side of East Market street. It has two fountains and a generater, with a ca]iacity for manufacturing fifteen hundred boxes of soda wat°r every month. The building is a two story brick, and was originally built for a brewery. The firm do a good liuisness. Cigor Monvjiictroy of Christian KatH, is located three doors east of Main street, on the north side of East Market >treet. The bu.^iness was commenced in 18ii7, by the present proprietor. The amount of annual manufactured goods is 120,000 c'gars. and it employs three men. The market is mainly found in Red Bud, and surroundiug towns. Brick Yards — There are two within the city. That of Anton Huegle is situated in the southeast part of the town, a block or two south of the school buildings. The business was commenced in 1862. It contains one kiln, and turns out about .300,000 bricks annually. Besides the brick-yard, Mr. Huegle has a lime kiln within the city limits, and fur- nishes that product to the people of the town and surround- ing country. Jacob Melly also owns and ojierates a brick- yard in the west part of the city. He has one kiln and Inirns about the same number of brick as the above. The business was established in 187i) by the father of the above Mr. Melley also owns a lime-kiln and one of the stone quar- ries. There are two good limestone quarries in or near the city limits which are quite extensively worked. The principal streets are already pavtd with the rock. Bank. — This institution was organized in June, 1875, bv a stock company. It is located in a good brick building, five doors west of JIain street, on the north side of West Market street. It has ample capital to do a safe banking l)usiness. The bank is supplied with a fire and burglar- ))roof safe, the "Yale" time lock, and all the fixtures of a first-clas< bank. President, David Ohlwine ; Cashier, A. L Wilson. Besides the business houses, there are tour good churches, Lutheran, Catholic, Methodist and J5aptist. The public .school buildings are worthy of mention, and the schools aie now under the eflicient management of T. C. McDonougli, principal. The city can also boast of two public halls, a cornet band, public library association, and a local board of insurance underwriters. The latter was organized in lx''.i, with four members. President, John Stoeher ; Treas , A. L. Wilson ; Secretary, J. Matt. Smith. The present Secretary is Fred. D. Guker. General 3Iercliant^. — Peningroth, Scriever & Co. ; J. J. 402 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Helber it Sons ; Johannah Huth ; Sophia Boekhoff, prop'r, R. J. and H. P. Boekhoff, managers; Marx & VVeiler ; Sale & Neu. Books, Stutlonery, dc. — George Carl. Dru(///kt-i (did Pharmacists. — Lewis Lesaulnier, H. A Dinges. Liiniber Mcrch(tiit. -Thomas B. O'Harra. Physicians. — W. J. Seeley, A. B. Beattie, J. P Bahren- burg, Franz Veight. Harness and Saddlery. — G. & T. Saxenmeyer, August H. Koch, Henry Sturtzum. Hotels. — Philip Offerding, Margaret Haverraann, John Curten, Peter Jost. Merchant Tailor. — Fred. A. Rathert. Tailor — John Kline. Furniture (ioods and Undertakers. — Valentine Heck, Louis Hensins, A. Streicher. Hardware and Timrare. — Benedict Rau, J H. Just Wa(/on Makers. —Henry Ruehnkorf, C. Petersen, Henry Wahlniann, William Floreth. Gimsinith. — Sylvester S. Durfee. Watch Makers and Jewelers — Peter Wey, August Kal- bitz Ci'jar Store — Edward Heberer. Blacksmiths. — Fred. Merz, Ernst Budde, John Lang, Peter Petersen, Louis Schuette, William Whitchurch. Milliners and Dress Makers. — Mrs. Elizabeth Maier, Miss Sophia Noll, Mrs. Sarah Walsh Lirery ami Feed Stables. — B, C. Dunn & Bro., Miller & Fairchilds. Photographer. — Monroe Parrott. Butchers. — William Thielan. Charles Burgdort'. Stock Dealers — George Ratz, Henry Ratz, James W. Rea Shoe Makers. — Philip Hahn, Christoph Jakle, Henry Klueuder, Charles Gielow, Henry Bayer. Carpenters and Builders. — William I. Schroeder, Louis Hensins, H. H. Droge, Gotlieb Koester, Fred. Yannert. Brick and Stone Ma.sons. — Frank Heege, John Helbig, Conrad Berg, Wm. Rathert, Wm. Henschen, Herman Loesche, Anton Huegle. Dealer in Tobacco, Pipes, etc. — Henry Hoth. Dentist. — C. W. Jocelyn. Painters and Glaziers. — Adam Kaffaix, Jno. J. Fox, Paul Dumas. Bakers. — Leonard Kaffenberger, John Er.senlohr. Barbers — Philip Snyder, Theodore Jakle. Justices of the Peace. — John Stoehr Jno. H. Meyer, Fred. D. Guker. Family Groceries. — John Hahn. Postmaster. — George Carl. The Red Bad Courier, is likewise one of the enterprises of the city, further mention of which is made in the article on the Press. The town also contains sixteen places where beer and other stimulants are sold by the small, besides three places where spirituous liquors are dealt out by wholesale. Red Bud Lodge, No. 427, A. F. and A. M. was organized under dispensation August 18, 1864, and received its charter, dated October 4, A. D , 18(35. The present membership is 94 members. The Lodge meets regularly in its hall every Saturday evening, on or after the full of the moon in each month. Kiii(/hls of Honor, U. D., No. •JG'iS, was established the 18th of January, 188"2, with thirteen members. The present membership is now thirty-six, being the maximum number enrolled The first Dictator, was Geo. L. Riess; first Reporter, Fred. D. Guker. The Lodge meets the second and fourth Fridays in each month. It is in good condition financially, and prospering equally with the other lodges in the State. ■«^^6^^^*8S3^^- BIOGRAPHIES W. S. FAIRCHILD. Red Bud possesses few better business men than W. S. Fairchild, the proprietor of the livery stable. He was born in Monroe county December 20, 1845. His father, a native of New York, came from Ohio, where he had lived a few years, to Monroe county, settling near Yankeetown in 1838. His name was Daniel, whilst his wife's was Elvira. He followed the vocation of farming. Died October 20, 1873. W. S. Fairchild went to Bates county, Missouri, in 1867, where he remained until 1878. In Missouri he followed farming, which he continued after his return to Illinois in Randolph county. In 1881 he purchased the liveiy stable in Red Bud, which he has since most successfully carried on. He was married to Miss Grace Swift, daughter of Arnold and Harriet Swift, October 23, 1871. By this marriage there are three children, Harriet Elvira, Fay Edward and Helen May. Mrs. Fairchild, a native of New York, came here as a teacher in 1865. She followed this calling several years in Monroe and Randolph counties. Early in life Mr. Fairchild learned to love the principles of the Republican party. His first presidential ballot was cast for U. S. Grant, the soldier President. In his dealings with patrons and friends Mr. Fairchild is accommodating and obliging. As a citizen he enjoys the confidence and respect of all. HISTORY OF RAynOLFH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 403 /^-//^^v ^^ ciy^^M^ 404 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND I'ERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. ■Ljy:f^[^' The Randolph county bar has among its members no more congenial spirit or popular advocate than George L Riess, the present county Judge. He is a native of St. Clair county, Illinois, having been born in Centreville, uow known as Millstadt, September 'lOth, 1838. His father was a clergyman, the Rev. J. J. Riess, at that time the only minister of the German Evangelical church in the West. The maiden name of his mother was Charlotte Henckler, and she was born in Weisbaden, in Nassau, whilst his father was a native of Puttlingeu.Wurtemberg. The family lived in Centreville until George was seven years of age, and then moved to St. Louis where the next six years of his life were spent. The Rev. William Riess was an efficient and active clergyman and the German Evangelical church in the West owes much of its present strength to his labors. While in St. Louis he founded three churches of his denomination, two of which bear his name. In the public schools of St. Louis George S. received his early education. In 1851 the family removed to Quincy, Illinois, returning after one year to St. Louis, where the Rev. Mr. Riess died July 8th, 1855. In August following the subject of this sketch was chosen as one of the teachers iu the public schools of Waterloo, at that time under the supervision of Rev. G- Steiuer. For five years he followed the calling of a teacher and in 1860 having given up his long cherished hope of becoming a college graduate, he became Deputy Sheriff of Monroe county. Prior to this he had diligently devoted his spare hours to the study of law. In 1.S65 he .was chosen Assessor and Treasurer of Monroe county, and was re-elected in 1867. Then was made Police Magistrate and subsequently Justice of the Peace. He was admitted to the bar September 14th, 1871, and immediately entered upon a lucrative practice. As an evidence of his popularity and of the confidence of the community in his abilities it may be mentioned that he had thirty-five cases at the first term of court after his admission to practice. In 1875 he moved to Red Bud, and in 1882 was elected Judge of the county court of Randolph county. He was united in marriage to Miss Sarah A. Turk October 3d, 1861. Mr. Riess early cast his fortunes with the Democratic party, of whose principles he has ever been a steadfast supporter. During the progress of the war for^he LTnion he was an ardent friend of the Union's cause, and toward the end of the struggle raised a company of one- hundred and ten men, the " Monroe Tigers," and proceeding HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 405 to Springfield, offered their services to the government- The war, however, about that time came to an end, and they were never in the field. Gifted with more than ordinary endowments and energies, a genial nature and a generous flow of good humor have contributed to establish his hold on the aff-Ctions of the people. As Judge of the county court he is winning golden opinions from the people and the bar by his sound judgment and fair decisions. FREDERICK GUKER, (DEC.) The name of " Kaskaskia Fred," proprietor of the Eagle Tavern, is still in pleasant recollection by the old pioneers of Randolph county ; a native of Alsace, near Strassburg. he emigrattd to America in 1827, having served his time as miller and afterward as baker at Strassburg. He landed at New York, and after working at the baker's trade for five years in New York State, he left there for New Orleans, where he landed on the 4ih of July, 183'2. On February 6th. 183t), he came to Kaska.skia, where he worked one year for McGin- nis; he bought McGinnis out, and in the Spring of 1840 he built the spacious " Eagle Tavern," the only brick hotel in the town, which for a number of years was the principal resort of lawyers and officers visiting Kaskaskia. In the summer of I8:i4 he married Miss Margaretha Medart ; they had twelve children: Carolina, (dec.l Louisa, wife of Geo. Hatters, of iVlgiers, Louisiana, Frederick I). J. P., Notary Public, Insurance and Real Estate Agent, and City Clerk of Red Bud, Margaret, wife of John Rail, farmer, near Red Bud, Sophia, (dec), John, (dec), Sophia, wife of James Ashton, Algiers, Loui-iaua, Mary, wife of Wm. H. Toy, printer, at St. Louis, Missouri, Daniel R , baker and confec. tioner at Red Bud, Jul a, (dec) and Ferdinand, (dec). Mr. Guker lived at Kaskaskia from 18:56 to 18.58; during this time he grew to be one of the wealthiest men of Ran- dolph county. He lived for two years on a farm two miles above Evansville ; from thence he removed to Algiers, Louisiana, and after the Rebellion returned north, living at Thebes, Kaskaskia and Red Bud. He carried on a bakery and confectionery at Red Bud till his death, which oc- curred April 22nd, 187.5, leaving his widow and children. His remains are interred in the old city cemetery at Red Bud. BALDWIX RANDOLPH CO. ALDWIN precinct lies in the northern part of Randolph, ad- joining St. Clair county, and embraces about forty-five sec- tions of land. It is princii)al- Iv prairie, although the south- ern part and the western, along the Kaskaskia river, were originally wooded. Hill prairie lies in the northeastern part, and stretches eastward into Tilden. It is separated from Heac >m IVMiie.ssee here in 1810. The family followed hiiutiii;; aii.l fi-liiM>^ and made no permanent settlement. James R'dpitli, a native of Scjtlanii, came to lieacock prairie in 1H21, his wile dying on the voyage at .sea. In 182.5 the neiglih irhood of .Ionian's Grove wa>Sfttled; at that date William U'ltherford. Iv )l>ert Redpath, Hugh Leslie, and John McMillan began itnpruve- inents in ihat vicinity. In the edge of Jordan's grove the first p >st oHico was established as early as 18.50. The office was ke()t by ^Villiam Jleek ; he also had a stock of goods there. The next nearest store was at Sparta. The post office is now kept at the store of Thomas Boyles. The territory em- braced by what is now B >ldwin prfcincl was repr^-sented in the Black Hawk war by James A. Bean, Ah-aloni McBiide and David And>rsi>a "The fort, " so called, was built in 181 -J, by the Andersons, Wilsons, McBrides, Thompsons, Co.x and otliprs, because of the murder of the Lively family in Washington county. The wives and children were placed within its walls for protection while the fathers and husbands went into the ranging services. The enclo- sure, consisted of heavy pickets. It was located on section thirty-three. VII.I-.VGE OF B.^LDWIN. The charter of incorporation was granted in 187G. The first trustees were S. B. Adams S. H. Johnston, J. E. Davis, W. T. Thompson, J. R. Holden, William M. Wilson S. B. Adams, President ; S. D. Lindsey, Clerk. The first business building was a grain and machinery house, put up by S. C. Jordan in the fall of 187o. The railroad was built the previous spring. The village is situated on Ileacock prairie, and has a population numbering about two hundred and fiftv. There are three neat frame church buildings. The Presbyterian was built in 1872, at a cost )f 8800; the Methodist in J871, at a cost of about Sl',200; and the Campbellite, in 1875, costing about §600. The school-house is a frame two-room, 24x50 building, erected in 1874-5 at a cost of about 82,000. The Baldwin flouring mill was built by James Scott & Son iu 187G. The property after changing hands several times, came into the possessi m of the present proprietor, S. II. Johnston, in 1880. It has two run of burrs and a capacity of twenty-four barrels a day. The saw mill was moved from St. Clair county in 1874 or '75. It is owued by Holden & Johnston. The grain house of W. B Pres'on was built by its present owner, in 1877, at a co^t of §2,200. The grain is elevated by steam at the rate of four hundred bushels an hour. From seventy- five thousand to a hundred thousand bushels of wheat are handled annually. The grain is discharged from the bins directly into the cars of the Cairo & St Liuis railroad. BUSIXF,S.S DIRECTORY. Pkyiidaw — C. F. Marshall, H. Rhodes, J. M Camp- bell, J. McMenomy. General Stores. -^Ui. S. H. Spaeth, W. B Preston. Groeeries,' Provisions and Post OJice. — William T. Thompson. Drug Stores.— 0. H Rhodes, McMenomy and Fellows. Grain I)e.aler.<.—\\\\\[&m B. Preston, S. H. Johnston. B/anksmitJis- —C. li. Wiltshire, H. C. Fink, Joseph Holden. Shoemalcer^ — William Weierbach. Harness Maker. — J. W Porch Wagon Maker. — William I'ink. HoteLs — G. W. Nelson, Mrs. Jane Douglass. Milliners and Dre.ismakers.—Mr=. James Holden, Mrs. W. L. Wiley. Carpenter.— J. C. Wells. Barbers.— R. L. Nelson, H. A. Rhodes. Livery Stables. — J A. and R. L NeUon. Police Magistrate — W. G. Young. Village Attorney- — John A. Ddugla.«s. Saloons. — George Heifer, Henry Baumann, Mrs. John Scheak. TILDEN RANDOLPH CO. She precinct of Tilden is situated in the extreme northern part of the county. It is bounded north by St. Clair and Washington counties, east by C Among representatives of the Scotch-Irish popuhitiun, none is more deserving of recognition for true worth thsui Hugh Mathews. He was born in county Antrim, Ireland, June 26th, 18'2(> His parents, Ijoth natives of Scotland, came to Ireland because of religious persecution in tlicir native land. Thomas Mathews, his father, was a manufac- turer of linen. A son Robert came to this country in 1S38, and was so favorably impressed with its fitness for a home, as to induce his father and family to follow suit, which they did in 1840. The family located near where Hugh now lives. Hugh Mathews was united in marriage to Miss Jane Maguire, Dec. 2ord, IS')!. By this union there are three children ; Eliza C. Nancy Emma and Thomas Henry. Mr. Mathews and wify are members of the Reformed Presbyterian church, and in its work are devoted, earnest and zealous. The par- ents of Hugh both died in this county; the father Thomas in 1874, at the age of ninety-three, and the mother, who.se maiden name was Nancv Ro.ss, in 1804. HARRISONVILLE. MONROE COUNTY. ^ ARRISONVILLE precinct lies wholly in tlie American Bottom, and comprises a large area of rich and productive farm- ing land. This part of the bottom in early years contained a numerous popu- lation, and some of the most noted men of the earlier times of Illinois here had their homes. Tlie old town of Harri- sonville on the river was selected as the seat of justice of the new county of Monroe on its formation, and for some years was the most important point in the county. The improvement rights granted in this precinct show that a number of settlements were made between the years 1780 and 1790. These settlements were along the bluff and in the bottom of the vicinity of Harrison ville. Claim 511, survey 497, now owned by William Bamber, immediately south of Harrisonville, was confirmed to the heirs of John Ellison. The testimony before the Board of Commissioners to examine land claims within the Kaskaskia district showed that Ellison had come to this place in 1783, and had grubbed a few acres of land adjoining L'Aigle (Eagle) and had died in the country in the same year. The siie of the main portion where the town of Harrison- ville was first improved by John Jones, and was affirmed by the board of commissioners in 1809 to John Payne. The claim next north, 580, was granted in right of an improve- ment made by George Wear. It was affirmed by Governor St. Clair to James Gillham in 1813 to the same person. Claim 554, survey 421, near Moredock lake, on the north- ern boundary of the precinct, was first improved by Peter Zipp, and was in the ownership of his heirs for many years. Claim 510 was confirmed to Tobias Brashears. The fort erected in this vicinity during the Indian War from 1786 to 1795 was called Brashear's Fort. In the year 1794 the population in the American Bottom received an important addition in the person of Shadrach Bond, a nephew of Judge Shadrach Bond. He was born in Frederick county, Maryland, in 1773, the son of Nicholas Bond, and was twenty -one years of age when he came to Illinois. He had received a plain English education, and his early life had been spent on a form. Reynolds says that " he learned much useful knowledge of all the various moving principles of the human heart, and was nature's nobleman, edu- cated in the wide world of the human family, with his con- science and sound judgment as his unerring preceptors." For some years he resided with his uncle, and indulged much in the gayety and amusements of the country at that day. He afterward purchased a farm on the bank of 412 Moredock Lake, where he resided till his removal to Kas- kaskia in 1814. He was elected a member of the general assembly of Indiana territory, which met at Vincennes, and in 1812 was sent to Congress as the first delegate from the territory of Illinois. Chiefly through his exertions. Con- gress in 1813 passed the first act granting the right of pre- emption of the public lands, a measure which was of the greatest importance in securing the development of Illinois. He was next appointed receiver of public moneys at the Kas- kaskia land office, and in 1814 removed to a farm in the vicinity of Kaskaskia. On the admission of Illinois into the Union as a State, he was chosen without opposition the first Governor, aud after the expiration of his term of office was made register of the land office in Kaskaskia, in which office ho remained for many years. He died in 1830. Two brothers of Governor Bond, Nicodemus and Joshua Bond, also made their homes in the American Bottom. The latter resided here but a few years, and then removed to St. Louis, and afterward to Vincennes. Several of the sons of Joshua Bond acquired reputation at the bar. The point of the bluff near the northern boundary of Har- risonville precinct, known as Salt Lake point, marks the place where the manufocture of salt was carried on in early time. This saline trade was one of the earliest established in the West. General John Edgar, of Kaskaskia, was its first proprietor, and placed it in operation about the year 1802. Among its subsequent owners was a man named Boise, one of the early residents of the town of Harrisonville. He em- ployed Thomas Marrs to work the saline, and he had charge of it three years. At this time there were twelve wells sunk. Considerable salt was manufactured for a time which brought a good price. Just north of the present town of Harrisonville, lived Dr. Caldwell Cairnes, who was well-known all over the country in early times, as an excellent physician. He came to Illi- nois from Pennsylvania, soon after the year 1800. He bought a fine farm under cultivation, which he called Wal- nut Grove. He was fond of agriculture, and farmed, for those days, on a large scale. He attended, likewise, to his profession, and had a large practice among the residents of the bottom. He was elected a Justice of the Peace, and also one of the Judges of the St. Clair County Court. (Before Monroe county was organized.) He was sent as one of the delegates, from Monroe county, to the convention which formed the first constitution of the State of Illinois. He was one of the active working members of that body. He was a man of sound mind, and was honest in his transactions with the public, and upright in his deportment. He died on HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. his farm, leaving behind him a good reputation, and a large estate. One of his daughters married Gen. James Semple, who was at one time one of the Supreme Judges of Illiuois, United States Senator, and Minister to Bogota. He died a few years since, as did also his wife, at their home near Elsah, Jersey county, Illiuois. Thoma.s and Edward Todd were also early settlers in the bottom, Thomas not far from Harrisonville, and Edward in Moredock precinct. Claim 1726, on which Harrisonville is built, was formerly owned by John and Alexander Jameson. They were brothers. John died previous to 1826. The Levisee family lived at Harrisonville some years, and removed from there to More- dock precinct. A man named Gallatin owned, at one time, a large tract of land below Harrisonville, including the place now owned by Thomas Holland. Close to the mouth of the Monroe City hollow, Abraham Bivens lived about 1830. On the "sand hill," as it is called, near the Willow ford bridge, Hugh Ralston lived in 182.5. Below the Monroe City hol- low, under the bluff, lived Turner Todd, and farther down the Lewis family. Just north of Dr. Cairnes, on Fountain creek, was the residence of Bradley Rust. He was from one of the New England States. For a number of years he served as a Justice of ihe Peace, till he was succeeded in that office by Noah B. Harlow. He moved to Waterloo, and died there. The James family, of Welsh origin, were among the early settlers in the American Bottom. Joseph Austin James em- igrated to Illinois in 1803, accompanied by his son, Thomas James, who was born in Maryland, in the year 1782, and James A. He moved to Missouri in 1807, where he died. Thomas James made his first trip to the Rocky mountains in 1809, and returned in 1810. He was in the store at Harrisonville for several years following the autumn of 1815, and in 1821 embarked on a hazardous expedition to New Mexico. He was made a general of the Illinois militia in 1825, and the same year was elected a member of the Leg- islature, where he served two yea-s. He was appointed postmaster at Monroe City, then called James' Mills, in 1827; in 1832 served as major in the Black Hawk war, and died at Monroe City, in December, 1847. Col. James A. James, son of Joseph A. James, was born in Kentucky, in 1798, andreceived a good education, attend- ing the college at Beardstown, Kentucky. He married Miss Susan O'Hara, a native of JNIonroe county. Col. James was a man of considerable prominence in the county. His residence was first in Renault precinct, and subsequently at Harrisonville. He was a farmer, by occupation ; represented Monroe and St- Clair counties in the State Legislature four years. In 1827, he was colonel of State militia. Austin James, son of Col. James, was born in the county in 1823. Was a farmer; served in the Sixth Illinois Regiment dur- ing the Mexican war ; Justice of the Peace several years ; served in the State Legislature in 18G4 and in 1872, and has been postmaster at Mitchie. BRIDGEWATER. The old town of Bridgewater, on the Mississippi, nearly a mile above Harrisonville, was laid out by George Forquer shortly after the year 1818. Forquer was the proprietor of a store in partnership with his brother-in-law, William F. Roberts, who was a millwright by trade. A man named Meisner, a son-in-law of Dr. Caldwell Cairnes, kept store there for a time. The high water of the spring of 1826 covered the most of the town site and drove the few inhabi- tants to higher and more favored locations. Sylvester Har- low, father of Noah B. Harlow, came here in 1826 ; he was a native of Maine, came to Illinois in 1818, and previous to settling at Bridgewater, had lived in the American Bottom near Kaskaskia ; at this time the town of Bridgewater con- tained ten or twelve houses, mostly built of hewed logs, but the Harlow family were the only inhabitants. There was some trouble about the titles to the lots which had been sold, and finally about 1828 or 1829 Sylvanus Harlow pur- chased the whole town site from Guy Morrison, who claimed ownership. He was the owner till some time before his death, when he conveyed the laud to his daughter, Lucinda, who had married William Kinney. Harlow at one time opened a small store; in 1830 he put up a distillery, a flour, iug mill, and a saw mill, all run by the same engine ; these were in operation five or six years, till the encroachments of the river made advisable the removal of the buildings. Soon after 1828 it became a shipping point, and Mr. Harlow dealt largely in wood, which he sold to the steamers naviga- ting the river. The wood business a , the river landings was large and profitable in those days. Sylvanus Harlow died at Bridgewater. Major X. F. Trail opened a store in 183.5, and after carrying it on two or three years, removed to Columbia. The water had been cutting away the river bank for years, and by 1844 the greater part of the town site had disappeared. It is now all in the river. HARRISONVILLE. The first seat of justice of Monroe county was at the old town of Harrisonville, some distance west of the present town of that name. The waters of the Mississippi now sweep over its site. The first town projected here was called Car- thage. The Legislature of the territory of Illinois at its ses- sion in Kaskaskia during the winter of 1816-17, authorized the name of it tt) be changed to Harrisonville ; the act bears the date of the twenty -first of December, 1816. The new name was given it in honor of Gen. William Henry Har- rison, who ha7, he died. Samuel settled in Horse Prairie ; Reuben, in Heacock Prairie ; James H. lived on the farm, first settled by his father. John Fulton, another addition to this settlement, came in 1812. He proved to be of considerable aid, in pro- moting the best interests of the little community. His sons, Thomas, David and Cyrus, all located in the neighborhood. On the 2-5th of December, If^H, a great addition was made to this settlement by the arrival of the families of luliii Mc- Clinton, David and James Anderson and Adam Hill, all of whom numbering thirty-one sons came from the Abbeville District, South Carolina. David Anderson was called on frequently to fill places of trust and honor, and was a very popular colonel of the militia. He left no sons, all dying while young. His oldest daughter married Robert G. Shan- non. His brother James only lived a few years after com- ing to' Illinois. Adam Hill, one of the four sons, settled near Lvansville, living there until his death. His sons were John, William, Adam, Robert, and Samuel. There was a further increase of the Irish settlement in the latter part of the voar 1804, b}- the arrival of Absalom Cox, James and Archibald Thompson, William McBride and Robert ilcDonald, and others. Archibald Thompson was noted for his efficiency and excellence of character. After living a few years in the settlement he moved in 1812 to a place two miles south of Evansville, where he died in 1833. His sons were Robert, William, Morris, Archibald, John and James. William McBride, though advanced in years when he came to the Irish settlement, still endeared himself to every one by the mode of his life, and the manner in which he endured the hardships of the country. He died in 1818. His sons Thomas, John and William, settled in the neighbor- hood. Thomas left two sons, William and John. William McBride was captain of a militia company in I'^IS, and was also once a county commissioner. Alexander Clark, who came to the settlement in 180.5, located three miles south of where Evansville now stands. Samuel Crozier and George Wilson came to the settlement in 1806. Samuel Crozier settled two miles south of Evansville. Being a man of talents and fine character he soon attained a leading position and received high recognition. Some of his descendents are still living in the county. In the year 1807 John Campbell settled near the mouth of Nine Mile creek, and subsequently died in 1827, four miles east of Evansville. Robert Forster was another old settler who built a mill, run by horse power, and a steam distillery near the mouth of Plum creek. These improve- ments were the attractions that caused the settlement to grow- rapidly. John Ander.son came in 1808 and first settled near his brother, Colonel Anderson, where he lived until his death. In 1808 William Barnett came from Kentucky. He died in 1818. A block-house was erected in the Irish settlement in 181 2, rendered necessary bv Indian hostilities. Andrew Borders 415 416 HISTOIiY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. came to the settlement. He worked when a young man in the distillery of Eobert Foster. Alexander Campbell came to the Irish settlement in the year 1819. In 1820 Robert Bratney came from Tennessee. He settled on Plum creek. His sons were : John B., Robert N. and James C. Robert Bratney was a soldier of the revolutionary war and did his country good service. There came to Randolph county in 1821 a rather remark- able man, who, if not a pioneer, deserves mention as an early immigrant, James Pollock. This gentleman, to whom the county is greatly indebted for an example of energy and thrift, came from Beaver county, Pennsylvania, to St. Louis in 1818. Here he followed the trade of tanner for a short time, when, seized with the immigration fever, he came to Randolph county, and settled where Preston now stands. In 1822 he married Ann Eliza Conway, whose father was once scalped and left for dead by the Indians in one of those bloody skirmishes so frequent in these days. James Pollock purchased a form of John Rankin, who had previously pur- chased of Washington Sterritt, and erected on it a tan-yard. This was a new enterprise, and Mr. Pollock being a man of energy and sagacity, did not wait for tr.ide to come to' him. ^^^len hides were scarce, he bought cattle and slaughtered them, and, loading the carcases on boat, pushed off' down the river, visiting the towns as far as New Orleans; and, disposing of his beef, returned to load up a new supply. In this wav he maintained his business and increased his pro pertv, until he owned all the land upoij, which Preston stands, and much in the vicinity. He died in 1867. He was the father of twelve children. John H. McCarty originally came from Kentucky in 1828, and was a prominent man, holding at times the offices of sheriff, assessor and treasurer. Mary M. Bratney, wife of John B. Bratney, who resides at Preston, is a daughter of James Pollock, above mentioned. Her husband is the son of James Bratney, who came from Ireland to Tennessee, and thence to Randolph county with his father, Robert Bratney, who was a gallant soldier in the war of the Revolution. Joseph Bratney, his son, served in the war of 1812, under General Jackson. On their arrival in Randolph county, the family entered a half section of land on Little Plum creek, just above its mouth. The Hon. Jonathan Chesnutwood is one of the oldest re- sidents in Evansville. He is the son of Samuel Chesnut- wood and Hannah Hughs, who were united in marriage in 1796 in Lancaster county. Pa. Jonathan was born in Stark county, Ohio, in the year 182.5, and was the youngest in a family of nine. He entered upon a classical course of study at Marietta in 1847. After three years he engaged in mer- cantile pursuits, and in 1852 came to Evansville, where he has since resided. Paul Pautler, of Evansville, is one of the oldest German residents. He was born in Alsace, France, in 1834. His father, Joseph Pautler, emigrated to this country, landing at New York in 1847. He went from there, first to Erie county, in western New York. In 1852 Paul came to Ran- dolph county, Illinois. Dr. Rudolph Homaa is a native of Hanover, Germany. He emigrated to this country January, 1838, and first set- tled in St. Louis, attending school until 1845, when he went as midshipman on the man of-war " Susquehanna," served until 1847, when, having temporarily lost the use of his eyes by an explosion, he returned to St. Louis and studied medicine with Prof. Pope, and graduated from the Univer- sity. He first began to practice in Centreville and George- town, St. Clair county. Ills., and in 1856 came to Randolph county, where he has since practiced in Evansville. Charles Ohms, Wilhelm Ricknagel, John Shuline, Daniel Berthole and Frank Vacht, are residents of the precinct living along the road between Preston and Evansville, who came from St. Clair county, 111., in 1856. They were originally from Germany. Valentine Wehrheim is the son of John Wehrheim who came to this country from Germany in 1834, and landed first in New Orleans, and came thence to St. Louis, and thence to Randolph county. The year 1854, marks his advent to Evansville, where he entered upon an extensive and prosperous career, leaving the im- press of his energy on Evansville and the surrounding country, where he is still remembered. He built the flouring mill in conjunction with Cadwell Evans, which was destroyed in 1864 by fire. He rebuilt the mill, and it still stands a monument to his foresight and thrift. N. and W. Sauer are the sons of Philip Sauer, who emigrated from Hesse Cassel, Germany, in or about 1833. He settled first in Monroe county, engaged in farming, and afterwards came to Randolph county. A true specimen of the old pioneer is, Wiley Roberts, living about two miles from the town of Evansville in a southwestly direction, on a farm situated between survey's 442 and 444. His father, Thomas Roberts, came from Kentucky in the year 1787. His mother's name was Jane Preston, a daughter of Daniel Preston, a native of Penna. Thomas Roberts first settled in Randolph county near Kaskaskia, on Gen. Edgar's land. He remained there until his death in 1860. He raised nine sons. One daughter died while young. His sons names were William, John, Preston, Jacob, Wiley, Thomas, Darius, Voluey and Perry, all of whom except William settled in the county. Thomas, the father of the above children, was a scout and ranger along with captain McDonough, major Hughes and others. He was a county commissioner and judge under the old law, at the same time that judge Thompson, Hyzer and Gillispie held their positions. Wiley Roberts was born in Randolph county, April 30th, 1822, near the place where he now lies. He served in the Mexi- can war under Captain Rozier and Col. John C. Fremont, and was mustered out at the close of the war at Fort Leavenworth. TOWN OF EVANSVILLE. Evansville is beautifully situated on the eastern side of the Kaskaskia river about 10 miles from Kaskaskia. The land upon which it is built is hilly, affording good drainage and fine plats for private residents. The town was laid out in 1834 by Cadwell Evans. Prior to that time in 1811 Andrew White formed the town site, and after some years 416A fARM RESIDENCE OF J. W ^^EdmTn'^MITCHIE PRECINCT, MONROE CO ILL HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 417 sold out to Adam Henderson, who in turn sold it to Levi North. A ferry was run across the river by North, called after him, "North's Ferry," a name by which it was for a long time known. Eli Chappell purchased the property from North, and in turn sold it to Cadwell Evans, from whom it took the name Evansville. The first buildings erected were a dwelling-house, and wag m and plough shop. In l?*.'i7, Mr. Evans built a horse mill, and Paul Craddock a cooper shop. The next year a tan yard was opened by Edmund Eccles and Joseph Bratney. Mr. Evans at the same time started a hotel. In the year following William McNeal commenced the saddlery business, and in 1840, William McKee O'Melveny opened a store for general mer- chandizing. At this time it seemed probable the town would grow up to a flourishing place, and great expectations were entertained in regard to its importance. But a crash came, and it remained without any increase in the way of improvements, until the year 1847, when that industrious and capable man before mentioned, John Wehrheim, opened a store. Another accession of importance to the place was made in lSo'2, by the arrival of Jonathan Chesiiutwuod and his large stock ot goods. Al)iiut this time John Wehrheim built a mill which contributed largely to the growth of the place. The river afibrded facilities for the transportat'on of flour, and the mill was the " Mecca," to which the farmers far and near directed their footsteps for flour for family use. In 18.J7 a brewery was built, and many yet living can at- test to the good quality of the product. Thus, the little town gained new accessions, and feeling its importance, bid for the county seat against Chester. The country around partook of its enterprise, and the farmers of, the neighbor- hood organized an agricultural society, that gave several very creditable exhibitions, and ultimately united its force with the Randolph County Agricultural Society, dropp ng its cognomen of Western Randolph Agricultural Society, which doubtless was a wise and proper movement. In the last few years Evansville has been slowly but steadily improving ; the Kaskaskia river is now success- fully navigated, and secures beyond all hazard the transpor- tation for its mills and other products; an advantage that must enhance its future pro.'perity. Steamboats ply between P^vansville and Chester. The town now has a population of 500, and contains several substantial brick and frame residences and business houses. It has a good mill ; it is owned by N. and W- Sauer. The capacity of the mill is two hundred barrels per day. It has two churches — one Catholic, and one German Lutheran ; both fine brick edifices. Two school-houses — one Catholic, and a free school. The ferry by which conveyance is had across the river is owned by the Messrs. Williamson and Cragin. Evansville has in addition to the above the following places of business: One dry gomls Morr kept by the Wagner Brothers ; one dry ijtiods -store kept by Valentine Wehrheim ; one dru;/ st(jrr by the Postmaster WiUinia H. Grant; one puff-offire ; tour ph i/- !iirtriiv<, Rudolph Homan, M. I)., Jerome Thompson, M. D., Dr. W. J. Crozier and J. M. Wilson, M. D. ; one blaekmnith and marlilne shop, hy Peter Baumbauer; one ahoenviking yhop, F. Wulf ; one Police Ma;/i4rate, Henry G. Meyerott ; one Jwitice of the Pence, James S. Gray; one saddle undh'ir- nexs shop, Henry Rabe. There is also a lime done quarry and a cooper xhop. The latter is run in connection with the mill. There are three holeU One is kept by Paul Pautlir, one by Henry Pautler and one by Joseph Meyer. There are several miIooiis and feed st'(ble-<. The citizens are mostly of German descent, and exhibit the social traits peculiar to the race, enjoying the pic-nic and the dance. They are also highly moral and cultivated. Attending to their own business, conservative in politics and religion they con- stitute a pleasant coniniuuitv. I'I'.ESTON VlLI.AciE This is a very quiet place, with a fuw good family re.--i- dences. Preston owes much of the interest attaching to it from the church location here, which is considered the mother of Associate Reformed churches in Illinois. James Patterson settled upou the town site in I8il4, and sold out in 181(1 to Washington Sterrit, who in turn sold to John Rankin in 1820. James Pollock bought ot the latter and e--tablished a tan yard in 182.1. Samuel B. Strankey opened a store in 18:!3 ; Pollock and Bratney also opened a store in 18.J.5, and the town lots were surveyed and laid off May VI, 18;?(;, by Samuel G. Thompsun, deputy county sur- veyor. The village is located on section 10 in the N. E. corner of the precinct, and has a population of about one himdred. It contains one dry ijoods More kept by W. J. Hill ; a post-office, Postmadcr J. B. Bratney ; Deputy Pod- master \\ . J. Hill ; two blacksmith ^hopa, one uagon mahtr's shop, one saw mill, one phy.iicinn, J. W. Seniple, M. D., and one schaol-hoaae. The village owes much of its renown to its being the locality where was formed a church that dates back to 1810, called the original " Associate Reformed Pres- byterian." BIOGBAPHIES JOSEPH PAUTLER, Sr. (Deceased.) The Pautler family is one of the most respected in the vicinity of Evansville, and its members are closely con- nected with the early progress and development of that section of the country. Joseph Pautler, Sr., was born at Bremmelbach, Canton Sulz, Alsace, on the 2'2d day of December, 1801. There he received a limited education in the German language, and later learned the trade of stonemason, which profession he followed for nine years. He afterward went to farming and trading. In the year 1823 he was married to Margar- etha Weckerle, a native of the same village. They had six children, three boys and three girls, the names of which are, in the order of their birth : Margaretha, Jo, Christina, Franzi-ska, Bernhard and Wendelin, all natives of Bremmel- bach. In the spring of the year 184(5 he sent his eldest son, Joseph, to America on a prospecting tour, who was followed by his daughter, Christina, in autumn of the same year. In 418 the fall of the year 1847 he, with the remainder of the family, emigrated to America. The voyage was accomplished in 32 days, on the sailing vessel "Seville de Grace." His first settlement was in Erie County, N. Y., near Buffalo, where he purchased a farm and erected a saw mill, in con- nection with a partner by the name of H. Weiberle. On the 2,jth day of March, 18.50, his, wife died. In the fall of the .same year he married Miss Henrietta Dieze, a native of Prussia. They had five children, four boys and one girl : Henry, Salome, wife of Joseph Schwarz, John, deceased, John W. and Peter Paul. In autumn 18.56 he came to Randolph county, Illinois, where he bought a farm of 144 acres, two miles south of Evansville. Mr. Pautler died on the 16th day of January, 1873. He had always been a devout member of the Catholic Church, and a staunch Democrat. His remains are interred in the Catholic cemetery at Evansville. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 419 Dr. WILLIAM J. CROZIER. Among the rising young physicians of Randolph county, none by virtue of close application to business, and determina- tion to become masters in their profession, deserve more honorable mention than he whose name heads this article. His ancestors came from South Carolina to this county as early as 180(1. The Crozier family has always sustained a very respectable position in the community. The parents of the subject of this sketch were Samuel P. and Caroline Crozier. The mother's maiden name was Hill. His father is a man of eminent social qualities. William J. was edu- cated in the Sparta Public Schools, where he enjoyed the skill of Supt. S. B. Hood as an instructor. After completing the course of study, prescribed in the public schools, he de- voted his time to the study of medicine under direction of Jerome Thompson in 1>'79. In the fall of thesame year he entered the Missouri Medical College, at St- Louis, as a student, and graduated therefrom March 2d, lf<''^l In August of the same year he opened an office in the town of Evansville, and since has devoted his time and attention most industriously to the practice. Thoroughly in love with his calling, and alive to the importance of vigorous, unre- mitting effort, he is making rapid headway. Habits of in- dustry, such as he cultivates, bring their due reward. He makes ophthalmology rather a specialty, taking great delight in its investigation and practice. Politically the doctor is a Democrat. Socially he is highniiuded, generous and com- pa.ssionate. WILLIAM H. GRANT. Amonc the pushing, energetic young men of Evansville none possess more merit or are more deserving of mention than William H. Grant. H-; was born in Rich view, Wash- ington county, Illinois, April 8th, 18-54. His father, Robert H. Grant, a millwright by trade, was a native of Scotland where he was born January '2"2d, 182.3. He prosecuted his business in Randolph county for some years, during which timeiie erected the Sparta and Union mills at Sparta and the mill at Steelesville. He was considered an adept in his line of work. He died October 23d, 1870. The mother of William H. who.se maiden name was Sarah J. Allen, was born October 22d, 18;!o, and died February 21st, 1861. The subject of this sketch obtained most of his education at Sparta, under the present Supi.rinten- dent of schools of the county, S. B. Hood. His first experience in business was as a clerk. In 187'J he set up for himself in ])nisecuting the drug busine.ss in Evansville In this he has been quite successful, a careful prescriptionist, a skilled pharmacist, he secures such encouragement as such care and skill command. In 188'3 he was appointed post- master for Evansville. Prior to this, in fact ever since 1879 when he opened his store he had been discharging the duties of such official, being a deputy to his predecessor. He was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Wehrheim, daughter of John and Elizabeth Wehrheim, November 29th, 1881. The Wehrheims are among the best citizens of the county. John was a man of great activity and business tact. Politically Mr. Grant is a strong and active Republican, outspoken and earnest in maintaining his position. Socially he is a clever gentleman. NICHOLAS SAUER NifHOi,.\s Saueh is not only one of the leading business men of Evansville, but of the Kaskaskia Valley. His name betrays his Teutonic origin. His father, Philip Sauer, was a native of Germany, from which country he ""-^p first to Pennsylvania, in 183'). He was one of patriotic, energetic characters, so common among Germa^i immigrants. He married Elizabeth Seorel, a woman worthy of such a husband. Nicholas Sauer was born in Monroe county, Illinois, March 21, 1841. He obtained a fair education, such as fall to the lot of farmers' sons in rural districts. In 18(36, he commenced merchandising in Mascoutah, St. Clair county, Illinois. This he followed but a short time, leaving that point for his present home, where he has ever since been en- gaged in milling. By the exercise of sound judgment in its management, the introduction of new and approved machinery in its make-up, he has made the reputation of his mill second to none. He was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Gerlach, daughter of John Gerlach, a citizen of Monroe county. July 21, l86ij. Five children have been born to them, naraelv: John William, Philip Edward, Magdalena Eliza- beth, Philip Emil and George Philip. Mr. Sauer is one of the representative Republicans in his section of the county. He is proud of the fact that his first presidential ballot was cast for the martyr President, Abra- ham Lincoln. As a citizen no one is more patriotic, or contributes more to enhance the prosperity of his adopted village, than Mr. Sauer. A thorough-going business man, a genial gentleman, success smiles upon him. CENTRAL RANDOLPH CO. J]NTRAL precinct, from its location in the county, doubtless takes its name ; it is loca- ted mostly in L. 5, R. 6 W. It contains thirty-six sections of land. About one-fourth of the area is prairie, and the remainder is slightly broken and hilly and covered in places with timber ; this is the character more especially of the northern and western portions. The head waters of the Little Plum creek have their origin in the north. A branch of Pillars creek waters the southeast. Baldwin and Tilden bound Central on the north, Sparta on the east, Blair bounds it on the south, and Evansville on the west side. John Lively, whose name will be immortalized by the prairie called after him, was undoubtedly the pioneer of this ])recinct, and first settler on it in 1805 ; section -i was the localitv of the old home, and it has ever since been the home of some of the name. John Lively die i in 182(5 ; he was a brother of Joseph Lively who came from Abbeville, South Carolina, and settled three miles north of Kaskaskia. John, as was also his brother, was a rather notable man ; he exhibited some noble traits of character, and his memory is yet held in veneration by his descendants. He was originally from South Carolina. He took part in the war of 1812, and when he came to Illinois engaged in the ranging service ; he also served in the Black Hawk war He was also in the war of the Revolution. He was a soldier by nature, and engaged in service of some kind from his youth. A splendid marksman, he used to supply his table with the wild game of the forest ; his latch string always hung out, and many a traveler could testify to his bountiful hospitality, and many a sufferer on a sick-bed received adeli- cate morsel from his unerring rifle. His residence was ex- tensively known. Samuel A. Mann, now living on section 14, T. 5, R. 7, came to Randolph county with his father, Robert M. Mann, in 1817. His ancestors were from the Abbeville district in South Carolina. His father, Robert M., was born there in 1771, and was there married in 1795 to Mary Houston. About 1807 Robert M. Mann left South Carolina with his family, intending to settle in Illinois ; when he got as far as Kentucky, the tidings received of the Indian depredations deterred him from proceeding further, and he settled in Logan county, Kentucky, and remained there until 1817, when he came to Randolph county. He had at that time eight children ; Samuel Alexander Mann was the youngest son, and was about three years old when his father arrived in Randolph county. Robert M. Mann died on the land 420 where he first located in the year 1855, at the great age of eighty four Samuel Alexander Maun was born in Logan county, Kentucky, on February 28th, 1815. John M. Beaty, living on section 12, is the son of John Beaty, whose father, John, came from South Carolina in 1808. The father of John M was a participant in the war of 1812. His grandfather was a retired and quiet man, yet esteemed a valuable citizeu, and a man of considerable force of character ; he left three sons, some of whom are living. John Beaty, the father of Johu M , was born in South Carolina, and came to Illinois with his father; he married Elizabeth Maun, by whom he had eight children — four sons and four daughters ; John M., on section 12, and Charles, living on section 17, are two of the sons; Robert T. Beaty was the name of another son ; the name is often spelled Beattie. He built the first house on section 17, and opened the first farm. Robert N. Bratney is the son of Joseph Bratney, who came to Randolph county in 1820, along with his father, Robert Bratney. Joseph Bratney was a soldier under Gen- eral Jackson in the war of 1812. Robert N. was the second son and third child of Joseph Bratney and his wife Eleanor (Beaty), and was born in 1829. Charles Beattie, an uncle, raised him on the place where he now lives, which formerly was called the ' old Beaty farm." William Weir is the sou of Robert Weir, who came to this country from Ireland and first settled in South Carolina, from whence he removed to Randolph county, Illinois, in the year 1821, and settled on section 17. He raised six sons and two daughters, all of whom settled in the same locality. His sons were James N., Samuel T., William, Samuel, James B. and John. John B. Wilson came from Scotland in 1854, and first located in Maryland, where he resided until 1857, when he came to Sparta, Randolph county, Illinois. He opened a coal mine the same year on section 17, and after a short time took charge of the Rozier mine, formerly known as the Ritchey mine, located in section 16. At this place he has since resided, superintending the mine. The Rozier mine is of the same vein as the Belleville, in St. Clair county. It runs about six feet in thickness, and is covered by a limestone roof of four feet in thickness. It is well adapted for fuel or coke. The capacity of the mine is 25,000 bushels yearly, all of which finds a home market. The coal is brought to the surface through a shaft by horse- power. It was opened in the year 1840. Among others worthy of mention as old settlers is Daniel Gerlach, ex-sheriff of Randolph county. He was born in fflSTOHY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY CQUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 421 Bavaria, Germany, September 9, 1885, he came to Illinois in the spring of 1853. James D. Thompson, living on section 14, is the son of Jamfs Thompson, who came from Abbeville district, South Carolina, about I'^H, and settled first at Kaskaskia and afterwards in Evansville precinct, where he died in the eighty-fourth year of his age. He was a surveyor, and was the first county surveyor of Randolph county after its or- ganization; he was also probate judge and captain in the Black Hawk war, under Col. Gabriel Jones. He had five sons: John P., Archibald C, James D., .Samuel H. and Robert P., all of whom but John P. are living in Randolph county. James D. has been county surveyor for three terms. Major Andrew Borders, from South Carolina, came to Randolph county in 1816, and settled on a farm in section •'?, township 5, range 6. He had several children born here; he died in 18(i4. For a more extended sketch of this prominent man see Sparta precinct. Major Borders and Joseph Weir, the father of William Weir's wife, made up the firpt school ever taught in this portion of the j)recinct. The building was log, very small, and James Borders, now- living in Sparta, a son of the Major, well recollects going to the .school in or about the year l^-U. It was taught by a man named Armour. The following land entries were maile, viz. : January 10, 181M, Andrew Borders entered the N. E. qr. sec. 4, 134tSs acres. March 7, 1817, Larkin Doyle entered the W. half N. W. qr. sec. 4, GSiVci acres. July 12, 181tj, John Lively entered the S. W. qr. sec 4, 160 acres. The population of the precinct are generally descendants of the Scotch and Irish pioneers from South Carolina ; and belong to some branch of the Presbyterian Church. There are a few German families settled along the western boun- dary of the precinct, who are industrious and thrifty. The old settlers have nearly all passed away, and much that might have been of interest to their descendants has been lost to the memory of some now living. The first burial-place was on the farm of John Lively. The only church in the precinct h located on section 5. It belongs to the Baptists, and is called " Fairview." There are now four school-houses in the precinct. The first grist-mill was built by Major Borders on section 4, on land now owned by Silas M. Lott. Thomas Weir also built a mill shortly afterward on section 21. These mills were run by horse-power. Tne farmers bringing grain fur- nished the h«rses and awaited their turn, the rule being, " first come, first served." Those who came from a distance and were compelled, sometimes brought with them blankets and provisions. Time passed pleasantly, and the oppor- tunity for social greeting and an interchange of neighbor- hood news was not to be forgotten. The Cairo and St. Louis R.R. passes diagonally across the northeast corner of the township. HOUSTON .STATION. This is a small hamlet containing a dozen families and a population of perhaps 50 individuals, situated on the Cairo and St. Louis Narrow Gauge Railroad, before mentioned. It is located on the east half of the northeast quarter of section 2!(, township 4, range 6 west, according to survey. It can boa4 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. He was a man of marked decision and force of character, and he was possessed of a fertile mechanical genius. He was the pioneer blacksmith of the settlement, and possessed great skill in the manipulation of metals. He was an expert gun- smith. He was born in 1773 and died in 1847. James White, from South Carolina, made a settlement about 1808 in the W. i of section 17 about half a mile north of the point where the road leading from Steelesville to Chester crosses Mary's river. About this date, Augustus Davis, who settled first at Kaskaskia, came to the vicinity of Steeles- ville. The Robbison family were from South Carolina Thev settled first at Kaskaskia about the year 1808. Not long after this they came to township six, range five The original ancestor was Richard. He had eight sons, John, Joseph, Richard Jr., Jame.s, Shadrach, William, Thomas and Jefferson. John came to the county a single man. At Kaskaskia he married Barbara Synot. His two sons, John S. and Richard, were born there. He settled on section 34, and Richard occupied theold homestead from about 1832 till his death. His wife was Betsy, daughter of John Thomason. John S. now lives on section 34, where he settled in 1864. His wife was Pariza Axum, by whonj he had eight children. William settled near his brother John. Their descendants are quite numerous in the county. John Layue, a Tennesseean, settled near Steelesville in 1816, where he died. Emanuel Canaday settled in the precinct in 1816. He afterward went to the Bradley settle- ment near Shiloh Hill. Colonel Gabriel Jones with a family from Adair county, Kentucky, arrived in 1817. He settled about a mile west of Steelesville, on what become known as the "old Colonel Jones place." He was a man of talent, energy and activity, and took a lively interest in the affairs of the community in which he lived. He repre- sented the county in the General Assembly, and held other positions of trust. He was made a colonel in the Black Hawk war, and was a gallant soldier. About 1859, he was mayor of the city of Chester, to which place he had pre- viously removed, where his son Gabriel now resides. His brother, Dr. Ashby Jones, practiced medicine in the precinct at an early day. John Thomason was from Georgia. He came by pack horses about 1816 or 18}7, with his family, consisting of his wife, a son, George, a step- son, David Simmons, and three daughters, Nancy, Letitia and Elizabeth. He settled on section twenty-three. Eli Short, came to the county from Kentucky in 1819, and settled on section eleven in the prairie that still bears his name. His means of conveyance to the county were wagon and horses, by which he brought his wife, Betsy Sanders, and his children, viz. Polly with her husband, William Thraelkeld, and Dennard with his wife, Mary Ann Ireland, and Juliet, Ann, John T., Thomas Jefferson and Betsy. John T. donated the land on which the village of Percy now stands. Thomas J., while a young man, was killed in the Black Hawk war, in Wisconsin, July 21, 1832. Mr. Short was, in many respects, a remarkable man. His influence in the community in which he lived was wide- spread, and in favor of industry and morality. He was the pioneer settler in the beautiful prairie which he adopted as the place of his activities and labors, and the first resident minister in the precinct, and among the first in the county. As a minister he belonged to the denomination of regular Baptists, and in the early part of his career, held to the doctrine of election with unswerving tenacity. He was a man of strong common sense and of good powers of argu- ment, and these added to a gift of language made him an effective preacher and a wily adversary in defense of the doctrines of his faith, an attack upon which his love of argument sometimes induced him to invite. From the narrow tenet of election, he turned to the broad doctrine of universalism. An educated clergy he did not believe in, holding that the true ministry were called not educated to their office. He preached to the early settlers in his own house, which he dedicated as a church, by arranging a little platform or rest in the stair-case. He had a cider press on his farm, and on meeting occasions dispensed cider as well as gospel. In the course of one of his sermons, a question arose in some way concerning the prophet Daniel. Daniel Malone was in the audience, and according to a custom quite common in those days of informally referring questions, occasionally, to those preseht, it was addressed to him. "What do you think about it, Daniel ?" thundered Mr. Short. " Well, I think I would like to have some cider," was the reply amid much audible smiling. Mr. Short's associate in ministerial labor was Rev. Silas Chrisler. At this early day there was also a traveling missionary of the Dunkard faith, who preached occasionally. Mr. Short was severely wounded in the knee in the battle of the Thames. He carried the buck shot there received all his life. He and his commander, Col. Johnson, were riding together, and both were wounded in the same volley. Short fell from his horse and Johnson's rushed wildly into the presence of Tecumseh, whom his rider shot dead. Thomas J. Short now wears the watch his grandfather carried in that battle. A comparatively early settler was Cornelius Adkins. He brought with him his wife and children, Robert, Nancy, Sarah, Vina, Harriett, Gabriel, Jacob, Martin and Burd. He settled on section twenty-two. Daniel Malone was a native of Tennessee. He settled first in Four Mile Prairie, Perry county, in 1829. In 1835, he settled on section 11, Randolph county, now the David Brown property. He married Mary G , daughter of Samuel Brown, now Mrs. Holloman of Wine Hill precinct. J. M. Malone of Steelesville, was born in Perry county, and came to Randolph in 1833. David Brown, an enterprising fanner, mine owner and grain dealer of Percy, is the son of Mr. Brown, an early pioneer living in'Sparta precinct, and was born in the county in 1828. Among the earlier arrivals in the county now living in the precinct, are G. W. Suesberry, a merchant of Steelesville, who was born in Kentucky, and came to the county in 1838 ; Robert Mor- rison, a farmer of section two, a native of Ireland, who came in 1840 ; Sarah Jay, a native of Ohio, who is en- gaged in farming on section eighteen, and who came to the county in 1838, and Rev. H. S. Gordon, of section ten, a native of Pennsylvania, who came here from Missouri in 1838. The first school-house in the precinct was built of 424A ^i^'^Wa^C"'^'^* ^ ^VAt,'^»i^5s#4fc-ii. A- Tff-- ^<^ ■ «ia..<:;,aJ*»^'5JS-J5i=»*ij^l»_-'SSJ»"iK»5r=;5<3;E. SOUTHERN ILLINOIS P£NIT£NTIARY,CHESTER,ILLlHOIS;SITUAJED NEAR MOUIH Of KASKASiilA RIVLH OH BAHKOf MiSSlSSIPP\. HOTEL, STORE AND RESIOlNCE OF ^^S. GRIFF IN, DEALER IN GEN ERAL MERCHANDIS E &C. LIVERY IN CONNECTION iVITH HOTCLjSITUATEO AT THE JUNCTION OF THE Sn&CJND W.C.t^W.R.R^ PERCY ILL. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 425 round logs as early as 1820, and called Jones. It stood on the N. E. i of the N. W. } of section seventeen. The seats were made of round poles and the desks of puncheons. Here began, as early as 1831, the Union Sabbath-school, still in existence. What was known as the Georgetown school-house, was a hewed log building put up at a later day. It was used as a free for-all meeting-house, and was the parent of the first churches in the precinct. An early schoolmaster was Benjamin Wham, an eastern man and an excellent teacher. Steele's cemetery is the oldest burial place in the precinct. The Bowerman, Short and Jones graveyards were of an early date. The marriage of William Robbison and a daughter of Jacob Bowerman, was a very early marriage, and probably the first in the precinct. Squire Durett Oliver was an early justice of the peace. Eli Short had a five acre apple orchard set out as early as ]8'2"i- A distillery for making apple brandy, was established in 1834 or '35. The blockhouse in which the neighborhood took refuge from the Kickapoos during the Indian troubles, was built in 1812 and stood within the present corporate limits of Steelesville, on the Shawneetown road, about a quarter of a mile east of the west boundary line of section sixteen. An old well now marks its site. During an entire season the people lived in this blockhouse, never leaving to go far away without their guns. We subjoin a few of the early land entries : September 30th, 1841, John Steele entered S. i section 28, 320 acres ; same date, James White entered the W. i sec- tion 17, 320 acres; January 20th, 1817, Jacob Bowerman, entered N. E. } section 5, 175i"3 acres ; November 3d, 1817, Richard Robinson entered W. } of N. W. i section 6 931% acres April 29th, 1815. VILLAGE OF STEELESVILLE. In 1810 George Steele located where the village now stands, and made a small farm. In 1825 he laid the foun" dation of the town, by erecting a mill. It was the first mill in the precinct, and was a very rude affair. The power was supplied by the weight of oxen on an in- clined wheel. The roof was formed by hooking clap-boards through which wooden pins had been driven over the lathes. It had one set of burrs, and wheat was ground one day in the week, and corn the balance. It was widely known and largely patronized till 1842, when it was abandoned, and superseded by another built near its site. In 1827 Col. Gabriel Jones opened a store, and sold the first goods. The post-office, called Steele's Mills, was established, with Mr. Jones as postmaster, in the same year. The village was origi- nally called Georgetown, which name the older portion of the town yet popularly bears. The newer portion is famil- iarly called Alma. The name was changed to Steelesville by act of the Legislature. The village was laid out by Mr. Steele, and surveyed and platted February 16, 1830, by James Thompson, county surveyor, and the plat recorded in the office of the Circuit Clerk August 5, of the same year. Town lots were offered for sale, and Capt. Rogers, Col. Jones, Dr. Ashby Jones, Robert Jones, and Tanner Briggs, were among the purchasers. In 1838-9 Mr. Steele built a brick 54 dwelling, the first of the kind in the precinct. The first church in the precinct was organized here in 1834, by Rev. Eli Short. After some years the organization was abandoned. The first permanent church organization was established by Rev. J. B. Aicott, a Baptist minister. In 1848 the congre- gation built a frame church-house, the first one erected in the precinct. In 1859 the town had a flouring mill, a saw mill, four dry goods' stores, one wagon shop, one cooper shop, one blacksmith shop, one tailor shop, one hotel, and two physicians. The growth of the town has not been rapid, but has been of a substantial character. The population census of 1880, was four hundred and forty. There are five churches. The German Methodist, a frame structure, was built in 1863 or '64. The Methodist, a brick building, was completed in 1871, at a cost of about S'2,000. The Presby- terians built a brick church in 1875, at a cost of 85,500. St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran, was erected in 1879, at a cost of $1,500 The Baptists completed their frame church in 1882. The school-house, erected in 1874, crowns an abrupt elevation, and is a commodious and ornamental brick, two. story, four-room, basement building. It cost, including fur- niture and heating apparatus, the sum of $7,000. PRESENT BUSINESS. Alma Flouring Mill was built in 1859 or '60, by S. Parker and company, at a cost of $1,100. In 1867 it was sold to Pickles and Guiguon, who, in 1869, parted with it to Robert Elickiss. In 1870 it was purchased by J. M. Allen, who owned it till 1876, when it was bought by E. F. Stinde and company, who are now operating it. Its dimensions are, main building, 36x44; engine-room, 14x36; office-room, 12x16. Its capacity ranges from one hundred and thirty to one hundred and sixty barrels a day. It has three run of burrs, and eight bolting reels, and employs twelve hands. The cooper shop, attached, finds work for six or eight men. Alma Woolen Mills, a three-story brick building, was put up in 1866. at a cost, including machinery, of §18,000, by Shalberg, Theis & Co., and is owned and operated by J. II. Thies, who manufactures flannels, blankets, jeans, etc. Physicians. — C. Davis, Jacob Keller, Martin Laird, H. G. Armbrewster. General Merchanti. — G. W. Shrewsberry, Stahlenburg k Eagle, L. Dudenbostel & Bro. Grocery Merchants. — Mrs. Elizabeth Elickiss, William Sake. Fancy Dry Goods Merchanti. —James and Lewis Edwards Drugs, Groceries, and General Merchandise. — J. M. Malone. Hotel Keepers — Lewis Smith, Dr. C. Davis. Livery Stable Keeper. — H. Fiene. Boarding House Keepers. — J. M. Malone, H. Bullinger, C. Vesper, Mrs A. Harris. Butchers — August and Henry Beisner. Blacksmilhs. — Theodore Dorl, James M. Gray, S. W. Weibusch. Wheelwright. — G. J. Knapp, H. Triefte. Furniture Store. — William Nolte. Stoves and Tinware- — Edward Gornelson. 42«5 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNIIES, ILLINOIS. 3Iil/itiers and Drrssmaket'i. — Miriam Malone, Emma Eagle, Mrs. Lucy Davis. Saddle and Harness Shop. — F. Maaberg, Herman Jostmau. Barhcr. — \Villiam Lake. Tailor. — Charles Palmer. Justices of the Peace. — Daniel Shaeffer, Charles Palmer. Tllhffe Attorney. — W. W. Edwards. Grain Dealer. — Charles Dennis. Lumber Yard. — James Pikett. Lumber Agent. — L. M. Smith. Shoemaher & Shocstore. — Henry Luchsinger. Shoemaker. — Philip Kann. Painter. — Lewis RufBng. Carpenters. — William Henry, John Brusch. Plasterer and Erich Ma.-ion. — William O'Brien. Cooper. — Henry Schwab. Saloon Keepers. — Charles Vesper, Henry Bollinger. Saw J/i//.— William M. Blair. Brick Yard. — A. Frey. SOCIETIES. SteelesviUe Lodge No. 528, /. 0. 0. F., was organized Octo- ber 14, 1873. It has a present membership of about twenty- five, and meets in J. M. Malone's hall. It has about $320 in the treasury. Alma Lodge No. 497, A. F. and A. M., was chartered October, 18G6. It has a membership of fifty-two, and meets in Masonic Hall. Its finances are in goed shape. Banner Council R. T. T No. 54, was organized May 16, 1880. Its membersliip numbers thirteen. The Randolph county Historical and Library Association, was chartered by the State Legislature, in 1866. It has a membership of about twenty-five, and owns about two hun- dred volumes . The town of Percy was laid out by the Cairo and St- Louis Railroad, on the S. E. } of section 11, and platted and surveyed by R. W. Clark, Railroad Surveyor. The plat was recorded in the office of the Circuit Clerk, July 3, 1863. The land was donated to the company by John T. Short, reserving alternate lots. The place is characterized by life and activity, and is in the midst of a fine agricultural country. The trains on the Cairo and St Louis, and Wabash, Chester and Western Railroad, stop for meals at the popular hotel of Mr. Griffin, who also runs a general store. The physician of the place, is R. W. Steele. Drugs and groceries are sold by William Moulic, who is also the postmaster. David Brown deals in grain. James Higgins runs a hotel, and Francis Harris the saw mill. BIOGRAPHIES Rev. H. S. GORDON. There are few citizens in Randolph county more deserv- ing of honorable mention in a work of this character than Rev. Henry S. Gordon. He was born in Franklin county Pa., June 19th, 1816. When four years of age, his parents (George and Nancy Gordon) came west and located in St. Louis county, Missouri, where the family resided until 1838, then moving to Randolph county, Illinois, settled on a farm near Georgetown. Mr. Gordon attended the common schools near his home in Missouri, and in 1841 entered Shurtleff College at Upper Alton, and, upon completing his course of study, was or- dained a minister of the Baptist Church. Ten years later a difficulty arose between Rev. Gordon and his congregation regarding communion, he, believing in free communion, was excommunicated. Immediately afterward he organized a Freewill Baptist Church, in accordance with his own views, and has been the pastor of the society ever since. In 1834 he was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca Young, by whom four children were born. She died in 1848, and the following year he married Mrs. Nancy Hill, and five children have been born. Rev. Gordon has always been engaged in the pursuit of farming, reared a large and intelligent family, and is one of the useful and influential men of the county, evincing an interest in all enterprises that tend to improve both the property and morals of the com- munity. Rev. GEORGE A. GORDON Is the son of Rev. Henry S. and Rebecca Gordon. He was born in the city of Alton, Illinois, April 14, 1842, and when at the age of six months, his parents moved to Randolph county and settled on a farm in section 11, near the present village of Percy. His early years were spent on the farm with his parents, and attending the schools of the neighbor- hood, subsequently attending the mathematical and classical Institution at , where he completed his education, and for some time afterward employed his time in teaching school and farming. In 1860 he married Miss Harriet Glore, daughter of Jeptha and Margaret Glore ; she is a native of Randolph county, III., born near Shiloh Hill, in 1846. In 1872 he embarked in the drug business in Percy, where he continued for three years, then removing to Campbell Hill in Jackson county, Illinois ; here he con- tinued engaged in a very successful mercantile business. In August, 1868, he was ordained minister of the Free-will Baptist church. In 1865 he made a six months' tour of Europe, visiting many places of interest, and acquiring a store of useful information. While Rev. and Mrs. Gordon have not been blessed with ofl^spring, their house has ever been an asylum to poor and unfortunate orphans, who there receive kind and true Christian benevolence. Few have done more for sufl^ering humanity than they, and none are more honored and re- spected in the community. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 42' No more industrious, earnest people ; no more loyal, pa- triotic citizens come to our American shores from foreign lauds, than those who recognize Germany as their father- land. Thousands of their number have here found welcome — a welcome heartily reciprocated upon their part, and which they most keenly appreciate. Kandolph couuty has within her boundaries a goodlv number of German people, many of whom are recognized leaders in different lines of business or in public capacity- None are deserving of more honorable mention than the present affable and capable county clerk, Louis Dudenbostel. He was born in Germany March 29, l.s:3(i. In his native land he acquired a fair education. In 1800 he came to this country, locating first in the city of Chester, Randolph county, Illinois, where he attended the common schools, and acquired the English language sufficiently for the transac- tion of business. He opened a general store, which he kept successfully for a period of three years, aud then sold his property, and located in Evansville in the same county. He remained at this place, in the same business, for a like period of time, when he parted with his stock of merchan- dise, and engaged in the sale of farming implements for a short time. January 1, 1870, he received the appointment of deputy county clerk under Hon. John K. Shannon, and remained in that position during the unexpired term of that official. He received a similar appointment at the hands of John T. McBride after his election to the office of county clerk, and continued to perform its duties until the summer of 1875, when he moved to Steelesville, and again engaged in the general mercantile business, which he has successfully carried on to the present time. In 1877 he was the nominee of the Democratic party for county clerk, but was defeated at the election by a small vote. In the fall of 1882 he again became a candidate for this office, and was this time success- ful, being elected by a handsome majority. April 2."), 1870, Mr. Dudenbostel was married to Miss Mary C. Knapp, daughter of John J. and Elizabeth Kuapp. Mrs. Dudenbostel was born in Chester in 184II. Five chil- dren have been born to them, viz. Elizabeth, Edmond, Na- omi, .\lma, who died in infancy, and Louis. Jlr. Duden- bostel is a democrat of the Jeffersouian type. He has always been held in high esteem by the community in which he has lived, as a moral and useful citizen, aud has many warm aud confidential friends, all of whom he is proud to honor. In his management of the affairs of the count)' clerk's office he is making hosts of friends, and is proving his genuine worth in the position. Affable and courteous in his demea- nor, correct aud accurate in his clerical work, he is being recognized, even by those whose political affiliations lead them to cast their ballots for his opponent, as being the " right man in the right place." 428 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. JAMES PICKETT. Mr. Pickett was born in Kenton county, Ky., July 22,1833. When he was about eight years old he moved with his pa- rents to Illinois, and settled in Randolph county, where his father, William Pickett, in March, 1840, purchased land and began farming, continuing there until his death. James remained at home and labored for his father until August, 1852, when he engaged with H. C Cole, of Chester, as clerk and book-keeper in his flouring mill. This position he re- tained until 1857, when he opened a general store at Shiloh Hill, and continued there for a period of twelve years, and then engaged in the lumber business at Steelesville, where he has since remained. February 17, 1863, he married Miss Martha Ann, daughter of William and Rachel Jay, who immigrated from South Carolina to the territory of Illinois at a very early day. Mrs. Pickett was born in Randolph county in 1831, and received her education at the common schools. At the age of nineteen Mr. Pickett entered col- lege at Lebanon, Illinois, where he remained during the Freshman and Sophomore years. He has been esteemed as one of the live and useful citizens of the county in which he has lived, and has done his full share to improve and build up Steelesville, where he is blessed with many warm friends. JAMES M. MALONE, A NATIVE of Perry county, Illinois, was born April 3, 1833. Soon after this date his parents moved to Randolph county and settled in section eleven, where the village of Percy now stands. When he was eight years old his father died, and his mother subsequently married E. Holloman. James re- mained on the farm with his mother and attended the com- mon schools till the age of twenty-one, when he embarked in business for himself For several years he clerked in stores, taughtschool, became a partner in the flouring mill at Steeles- ville, now owned by E. F. Stinde & Co., and for fourteen years engaged ih merchandising. In the late conflict be- tween the States he volunteered and was elected orderly ser- geant of Co. F one hundred and fifty-fourth Illinois Infantry, and was mustered out at the close of his term of service as First Lieutenant. In 1870 he was appointed Postmaster of Steelesville, which position he still holds. On the 19th of April, 1S55, he was married to Miss Mary S. Johnson. By this union there are seven living, in- telligent children, viz. : Frank, Willis, James, Clarence, Cora, Belle and Grace. In religion Mr. and Mrs. Malone are both firm believers in the Presbyterian church. Mr. Malone is elder of his church and superintendent of the Sunday School. In politics he has been a Republican since 1860. Perhaps there are few if any citizens in the community that have done more to improve the morals and support good society than Mr. and Mrs. Malone ; they are both blessed with many warm friends, and are held in high esteem by all good citizens of their acquaintance. JOHN H. THIES Was born in Germany, January 10th, 1824, where he received his early education, and worked at farming until he was about nineteen years old, when he joined the eleventh regiment of cavalry, in the regular army of Prussia, and served for three years, being honorably discharged in March, 1849. Soon afterward he emigrated to the United States, landing at New Orleans, where he remained but a few days, taking passage to St. Louis, Mo., where he immediately engaged as a sutler, in which he continued till 1856. He married Miss H. F. Stalberg in 1856, and immediately afterward moved to Randolph county, Illinois, and pur- chased land, where he was successfully engaged in farming pursuits until 1866. Desirous of changing his avocation in life, he bought land in Steelesville, and with his two brothers- in-law, Charles and William Stalberg, built a large and convenient building, and commenced the manufacturing of woolen goods in first-class grades and styles, in which capa- city they cooperated until 1879, when Mr. Thies bought the interest of his partner, and has successfully carried on the business ever since. Mr. and Mrs. Thies are now the parents of six intelligent children, two sons and four daughters. They are both firm believers in the Christian religion, and consistent members of the M. E. church. Mr. Thies has frequently been called upon by his fellow-citizens to accept many important offices of his precinct, in which he has in all instances rendered full satisfaction to his constituents and credit to himself He has always been held in high estimation for his true merits and good citizenship. He is always willing to aid and support all moral and useful enterprises that have a tendency to develop and improve the country. GRAND COTE PERRY COUNTY. ITUATED in the extreme northwestern portion of the county, lies Grand Cote Frecinct. It is bounded on the north by Washington county, on the east by Beaueoup, on the south by Cutler, and on the west by Randolph county. Much 1^ (H of the surface, which is level, was for- y^^i> merly covered with timber. The only ^v'' prairie is that beariog the same name as the precinct. Much of the timber remains undisturbed. The Cairo Short Line Railroad enters at section -iB, pa.ssing through the precinct in a northwesterly direction, and passes out at section 7. This precinct has no water-courses. It comprises all of congressional town four south, range four, and two tiers of sections in the northern part of town five, range four. The soil is fertile and productive. Agriculture is the principal occupation of its inhabitants. The population, according to the census of 1880, was nine hundred and forty- one. Grand Cote — from the French — meaning Beautiful Prairie, was first settled by Thomas Swanwick, who came from Chester, England, and located on the northwest quarter, and the east half of the southwest quarter of Sec. 11, T. 4, R. 4, which he had entered February 13, 1818. The lands first settled by Thomas Swanwick are now occupied by J. J. Swan- wick, his son, who is past the meridian of life, a most estim- able and respected citizen. With Thomas Swanwick came James McMurdo to the western county. The second settler in Grand Cote was Wm. P. Elliott, from the State of Georgia. He located on section 20, T. 4, R. 4, about the year 1820. He brought his family in the spring of 1821. Next came Jonathan Petit in the spring of 1825, from Ran- dolph county, from what was then known as the "Irish Settlement," and located on section 30, T. 4, R. 4. In the ensuing fall Petit sold out his claim to one Absalom Wilson, a native of Washington county, Virginia, who did not move upon the lands until 1840. George Cherry, of the Chester District, South Carolina, arrived the same year, 1825. and located on section 5. He resided there until his death in March, 1867. In the year 1828, James Kirkpatrick, a native of South Carolina, settled on section 9, on lands now occupied by B. Semple. So far as we are able to learn, these men who came to Grand Cote were its original pioneers. From some cause, between the years 1829-1833, no additions were made to this little band of bold and venturesome pioneers, who formed the nucleus, in their wild and almost unbroken lands, of what is now one of the most prosperous and refined farming communities in the little county. John White is a native of South Carolina. He came to the county in 1832, and now resides in section 6. Robert H. Allen, who lives in section 25, was born in Perry county in 1834. W. M Adair, a merchant of Swanwick, was boru in Illinois, and came to the county in 1837. Hugh Cooper of Section 9, T. 5, R. 4, was born in South Carolina, and located in Perry county in 1831. About the year 1835, a new and full tide of immigration began to pour into this settlement. Among the first was Alexander Craig, a native of Ireland, who, on his way to his western home, had stopped in South Carolina and Kentucky. He located, in 1835, on section 25, the present Craig's station on Cairo Short Line Railroad, being on the lands originally settled by him. In 1834, William Rainey came out from St. Clair county and settled on section 24. In 1836, he sold his farm to Solomon Maxwell, from Bedford county, Tennessee, the latter re- maining upon it until his death. Bmjamin Ragland was the eighth of the settlers in 1835. He came from Kentucky and settled on section 24. In 1836, he sold his farm to John McMillen, and again settled on section 14 of the same town- ship. Mr. McMillen in turn sold his farm in December, 1838, to Joel Rushing, for one hundred and twenty dollars. In the year 1836, Henry H. Elliott, son of W. P. Elliott, and father of the Rev. J. C. Elliott, settled on section 13, on the farm now occupied by H. H Rice. About the same year John Hughey settled on section 20, and Newton Frank- lin on section 14. From this time the settlers flowed into the precinct very rapidly, among whom we might mention the Craigs, Justices and others, and the country was filled up almost as by magic. Between the years 1822 and 1840 the dry goods and gro- ceries were most generally purchased from R. G. Shuman, of the then little town of Columbus, Randolph county, better known now as Sparta, Mr. Shuman carrying on to considerable extent the grain trade, purchasing corn at Chester and shipping to New Orleans. In the year 1845 the first dry goods store was opened in this precinct by J. C. Steele, near where Swanwick station is now located. He also kept the first post-office in the precinct. In 1846 upon the breaking out of the Mexican war, he turned the store and post-oflice over to one, Samuel Hughey, and went into the army. John M. Woodside afterward kept the store and post-ofiice at the same place. In 1840 Grand Cote had a shoemaker named Isaac Fowler. In the vears 1822-'23 William P. Elliott built the first 429 430 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. band or tug grist mill on the farm now owned by T. S. Elliott, Esq. In 1834 he replaced it by a draft mill with cog- wheel attachment. The burrs were made from granite bould- ers, stray waifs as it were, which were occasionally found scattered over our prairies in those early days. Both of these mills were the work of Mr. Elliott, and were very gen- erally patronized by the neighbors for a distance of ten or fifteen miles around. The only record furnished us of the earliest preaching in that precinct, was by the Rev. Robert Moore, of the old Regular Baptist tenets, at the house of Solomon Maxwell, about the year 1841. The first school taught in Grand Cote precinct was in 1832, by James Holli- day, in a little log cabin located on the S. E. i of section 30, the price of tuition being $2 per scholar. The next school was kept by John Fulton in his kitchen on S. E. i of section 31, about the years 1836 or 1837. His schedule was the first to draw public moneys on that side of the county. David Baldridge was the county school commissioner at the time. Alexander Skelly was next in the order of school teachers in that precinct. He taught in a little log cabin built for a residence on section 13, about the year 1841 ; tuition $2 per quarter. With this concludes our early history of Grand Cote prairie. To the Rev. J. C. Elliott are we indebted for most of the information concerning this precinct. The first land entries in this precinct, in the order of their dates, were as "fbllows : January 18, 1819, Thomas Swanwick entered the E. i of the N. E. i ; and the S. E. } of section ten in town four, range four ; May 27, 1819, James Parker, the N. W. i of section 29, and the S. W. i of section 20; June 7, 1821, Alexander Campbell, the W. * of the S. \V. } of section 32 ; the N. E. i of the S. E. i and the S. E. i of the S. K i of section 31, all in town four south, range four. SWANWICK. ! This little village was laid out by William Moore and surveyed and platted by D. C. Benson, deputy county sur- veyor. May 27, 1871. Its location is the S. E. of the N. E. of section 21, township 4, range 4. It is a station on the ; Cairo Short Line Railroad. The present business of the village is as follows : Physician, W. H. Ferguson ; general merchants, Harmon & Adair, William Gray; postmaster, William Gray; blacksmith, James Luna; carpenter, A. Shockency ; grain dealers, W. Sokup ; carriage maker, D. J. Woodside. CRAU'. This hamlet is a station on the Cairo Short Line Railroad, and issituatedon theeasthalf ofSec. 2.5, township 4, range 4, and on the boundary between Grand Cote and Pinckney- ville. It was laid out by William Craig and surveyed and platted by William Golightly, county surveyor, October 23, 1871. The postmaster is J. Allen. A general store is kept by W. L. Pennoyer. ■^"^^es^^^s^^- BIOGRAPHIES. REV. JAMES C. ELLIOTT. The history of Perry and Randolph counties would be incomplete without a sketch of the Elliott family. They are the descendants of English and Scotch- Irish ancestry. Mem- bers of the family came to America prior to the Revolution- ary War. William Preston Elliott, th£ grandfather of James C. was a native of Virginia, and one of seven brothers. He married in Virginia, and a few years later moved to Georgia. In 1814 he came to Illinois and settled in the American Bottom, in the Goshen settlement. Ague and fever prevailed to a considerable extent then, and be- lieving that the country was unhealthy, returned to Georgia. But the rich, fertile and productive lands of Illinois had left their impression, and the old pioneer longed for the " Flesh Pots " of Illinois. He accordingly returned in 1818, and settled in Randolph county west of Sparta, on what is known as " Temple Hill," and there built a house which was the first erected there. He remained there until the spring of 1821, when he removed to the south side of Grand Cote prairie about two and a half miles south of Coulterville, where he opened a farm, and there continued the peaceful avocation of a farmer until his death, which occurred in 1840. He married Margaret Murdock of Virginia. She survived her husband a few years and died in 1843. By that union I there were eleven children, who grew to maturity. Oue of her sons, the father of the subject of this sketch, was named Henry Hodge Elliott. He was born in Virginia, February 18, 1801, and was but thirteen years of age when the family first settled in the American Bottom. He returned to Georgia with his father, and came back with the family to Illinois the second time, and here grew to manhood, followed farm- ing and remained in the precinct until his death, which took place March 4th, 1872. He married Miss Margaret, daughter of James and Elizabeth (McBride) Couch. Her mother was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, born in the north of Ireland, and was but eight years of age when her parents landed in Charleston, South Carolina. Margaret (Couch) EUiott was born August 9th, 1810, and departed this life August 7th, 1847. By the union of Henry H. and Mar- garet Elliott there were seven children, two sons and five daughters. William P., one of the sons, was born July 31st, 1836, and died in Andersonville prison in September 1864, in his twenty-ninth year. He enlisted in Co. "C" of the 30th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was taken prisoner before Atlanta July 22d, 1864, sent to Andersonville prison, and there died as did thousands of I others from exposure, neglect and lack of sufiicient to eat. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 431 Catharine was the eldest daughter. She was born July 24th, 1847, and died in her sixteenth year. Jane was the wife of William Gallegly. She died April 24th, 1873, in her fortieth year. She left five children. Frances Elizabeth was the wife of Joseph Lively. She died without issue April 10th, 1870, in her thirty-first year. Mary W., wife of John W. Lively, died March 14th, 1870, iu her thirty-fifth year, leaving four children. Rachael C died February 12th, 1870, in her twenty-fifth year. James Couch Elliott, the subject of this sketch, is the eldest of the family and the only survivor. He was born in Randolph county, Illinois, near Sparta, January 6th, 1830. He was reared on the farm, and acquired his primary education in the subscrip- tion schools of his neighborhood. From fifteen to twenty- one he hired out, and his wages went to the support of the family only retaining enough to clothe himself. He attended one terra at the Academy in Sparta, and then [aught school for several terras. At the age of twentv he entered the State University at Bloomington, Indiana, and graduated from that institution. He had resolved to enter the min- istry of the United Presbyterian Church, and with that idea in view he spent three terms of seven months each in the Theological Seminary at Jlonmouth, Illinois. He was licensed to preach May 7th, 1862, and regularly ordained a minister of the church Oct. 7th, 1863. In the latter year he went to Wyoming in Iowa county, Wisconsin, apd was the "Supply " for six months, after which he be- came the pastor of the Wyoming and Blue Mound United Presbyterian Congregations, and remained in charge until in February, 1868. In July of the same year he was called to the pastorate of the Bethel Congregation in Grand Cote, Perry county, and has remained iu charge up to the jiresent, a period of nearly fifteen years. On the 14th of April, ]8t)4, he was united in marriage to Miss Lydia A. Moraland of Randolph county, Illinois. She was the daughter of James and Margaret Moreland. She died December 7th, 1873, leaving one son, named William Zwingli Elliott, now in attendance at the Academy in Coulterville, Illinois. On the 10th of October 1876, he married Miss Maggie, daughter of Rev. James M. and Nancy (McClanahan) Hen- derson, of Oakdale, Washington county, Illinois. Mrs. Elliott was born near Madison City, Indiana. Politically, Mr. Elliott votes the Republican ticket, but takes no farther interest than exercising the right and duty of every Ameri- can citizen by casting his ballot, lie is very much in favor of prohibition, and regards the licensing of saloons, an offense against religion, good morals and the best interest of society. CAPTAIN WILIAM M. ADAIR Was born in Randolph county, January 0, 1837. The family is of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His grandfather came to America from the north of Ireland, and settled in South Carolina, and there his son William was born in 1781. The latter grew to manhood, and wasasoldier in the war of 1812, under Gen. Jackson. Soon after that war he came north to Illinois, and settled in Perry county, on " Six Mile Prairie ;" subsequently removed to Randolph county to a place eight miles east of Kaskaskia, on the Shawneetown road. He died in Perry county while back here looking after the im- provement of land that he had entered, the date of which was in 1856. He was also a soldier in the war of 1831-32, with Black Hawk, and was major of the regiment. He was appcjinted Receiver of the Land office, a few years before his death, and was in that position when he died. Soon after he first came to Perry county, he married the daughter of James Brown. She died, leaving two children, one of whom is yet living. He afterwards married Mrs. Rebecca Lacey, widow of John Lacey. Her maiden name was Taggart. She was of Irish parentage, and born in South Carolina. She died in 1877, aged eighty-two years. By this raarriage there were two children, twins, sou and daughter. The daughter is the wife of Frank Moore, a resident of Randolph county. William Miles Adair, the son, was reared upon the farm ; received a fiiir English education, and remained at home until the breaking out of the late war, when he en- listed for three years in company "C," of the 30th regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry. On the organization of the company he was elected Orderly Sergeant. The regiment was brigaded at Cairo, and formed a part of the 3d Brigade, 3d Division of the 17th Array Corps, Gen. McPherson com- manding. The regiment received its first baptism of fire at the battle of Belmont, and subse([uently participated in the capture of Forts Donaldson and Henry, siege of Corinth ; marched to Jackson ; was in the battle of Brittain's Lane, in Tennessee, then toMemphisand to Vicksburg; took part in the siege and capture, and in the meantime was in the battle of Champion Hills. While at Vicksburg the 30th regiment veteranized, then came home on a furlough ; returned and was in the Atlanta campaign, and in the fight before Atlanta, on the 22d of July, 1864, Mr. Adair was taken prisoner, and was held uutil the 1st of September, of the same year, when under an arrangement between the Generals of the I'nion and Rebel armies, he and others that were captured were exchanged. He joined Sherman's forces, and then went with him in his memorable march to the sea, up through the Caroliuas and to Washington, where he participated in the Grand Review. The company was mustered out at Somer- ville, and finally discharged at Springfield, July 17, 1865, having been in the service a few days lacking four years. He enlisted August 20, 1861. He entered as a private ; was elected Orderly Sergeant, commissioned 2d Lieutenant, Janu- ary 28, 1862; 1st Lieutenant, May 16, 186.), and commis- sioned Captain of the Company, August 20, 1S(;4. Captain Adair was in every battle and skirmish in which his company and regiment participated, except those occurring when he was a prisoner, which was only a few weeks. After the war he returned to Randolph county, and engaged in farm- ing. In 1872 he came to Perry county, and he continued in same avocation up to 1880, when he came to the village of Swanwick, and engaged in mercantile business, in which he still continues. He married Miss Parthena, daughter of John and Florinda (Uhles) Harmon She was born in Randolph county, September 11, 1844, and died March 10, 1882, leaving no children. Capt. Adair is a member of the United Presbyterian church. Politically he has always 432 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. since casting his first vote, been a Democrat. This in brief is an outline history of Capt. William M. Adair. He was a gallant and brave soldier, and old settler, and an and upright citizen. SOUTH WESTERN PERRY COUNTY. • HIS precinct is situated in the southwes- tern corner of the county. It is bounded ou the north by Cutler, on the east by Pinckueyville, on the south by Jackson county, and on the west by Randolph county. Pipestone creek furnishes ample drainage and water supply. The surface is undulating and the soil fertile. The St. Louis and Cairo Railroad crosses the southwest corner of this precinrst. By the last census, in 1880, the precinct had a population of one thousand and eighty-nine. Among the first settlers, as early as 1817, were Simon Williard, who located on section two, town six south, range four, where he entered, January 19th, 1819, 504.60 acres of land. James Craine settled on the northeast quarter of section thirteen, of the same town and range; and became the owner of the tract of one hundred and sixty acres by en- tering the same at the land office in Kaskaskia, May 14th, 1818. Benjamin Brown was also one of the settlers of this precinct in 1817. We find him making his home on the west half of the southeast quarter of section eleven, town six south, range four west, which he entered, January 14th, 1819. Richard Green, Robert Johnson, Robert Crow, with their families, were also living in this locality at the same time, and together with William H. Threlkel, Robert Gilli- han, Jacob Short and John Stuart were leading characters in the early history of the county. They were natives of New York, Kentucky and Tennessee. Stephen Kelly was also an early pioneer. Alexander A. Watkins, a farmer and stock raiser, who resides in section 19, township 6, range 3, is a native of Tennessee, and came to the county in 1839. The first dry goods, groceries etc., shoes, plows, and wagons were bought of Lyborger and Reed, at Kaskaskia, previous to 1827. Much of the trading was done with Col. Jones, of Georgetown, Randolph county, between 1827 and 1840. The first dry goods and grocery store in this precinct was kept in 1827 by a man named Jacob Short. The first blacksmith shop was kept by John McClure, in 1839. There was a wagon shop in 18.50, kept by Gadbuy. John McClure had the first plow shop in the precinct. The first band grist mill was built here by a man named Willard, in 1819. It did pretty good work for a mill of its kind, for a period of nine or ten years. In 1834 a good many of the settlers had their milling done at Riley's Mill, in Kaskaskia. They also had milling done at Glide's mill in Georgetown about 1834. Dickey P. Smith was the first preacher in the county. In 1830 the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in this precinct, consisting of ten members. The name of the minister who organized tbe church was French. They held their meetings in a small school-house, where Denmark now stands. In 1835 the Methodist Episcopal denomination built their first church near Denmark. The first Sabbath-school was held in this precinct in 1859, with twenty-eight scholars ; it was the work of the Associate Reformed Presbyterians. Robert Crow and Green Derring- ton were teachers. The first school taught in this precinct was in 1825, by a man named Robert Clark, near the present residence of Francis Smith. The first school-house was built in 1825, out of round logs. Weight poles were used to hold the roof on. The books used were the American Preceptor, English Reader, and Columbian Orator. The school lasted from three to six months. Tuition rated from S2.00 to S2.50 per quarter. The writing paper was coarse, unruled, and goose-quill pens and maple bark ink were used. Land entries of South Western precinct : April 25th, 1815, William Mcintosh entered three hundred and twenty acres in the N. i of section 3. February 5th, 1818, Jona- than Bowerman entered the E. * of the N. E. i of section 6, seventy-nine and twenty-hundredths acres. August 12th, 1818, the same entered the E. } of N. W. i of section 6, eighty-seven and sixty-four hundredths acres. DENMARK. The little hamlet of Denmark, is situated in the western part of South Western precinct, the nearest railroad station being Cutler, some five miles distant. The town was laid out by John D. Rees, ou the northwest quarter of the north- west quarter of section twenty-four, in town six south, range four west, and was surveyed and platted by Robert Steele, county surveyor, on tbe first day of April, 1S60. It formerly bore the euphonious name of " Jack Town." The first house was built by John D. Rees, whose family, and those of several Canadian-French, were the first to settle in that section. The house was a small frame. John D. Rees opened the first store, and the post-office was kept by Brown. There are two handsome church buildings in the town, belonging respectively, to the Presbyterian and Bap- tist denominations. Also a neat school-house. PRESENT BUSINESS. Postmistress. — Mary Rees. General Store. — William Boau. TFof/o/iniaA-er.— James Eeaton. Blacksmith. — J. L. Tessier. Dressmaker — Mary Rees. 43 2A DU QUOIN PERRY COUNTY. r (^I'OIN precinct lies in the southeast- ern part of Perry county, bounded on the north by Tamaroa, east by Paradise pre- cinct and Franiilin county, south by Jackson county and west by Pinckney- ville. The surface is mostly rolling prai- rie, excepting the southern and western portions, where it is somewhat broken. Along Beaucoup and Little Beaucoup creeks, there is quite a heavy belt of timber, comprising the various species that are usually found in this latitude. The s-oil is rich and pro- ductive, wheat being the principal crop, although a consi- derable quantity of corn is annually raised. The lands are well drained by Little Muddy river, Rees's and Bcauc£)up creeks and their numerous tributaries. Underlying the whole surftice of this precinct, there is an almost ine.xhausti- ble body of coal, which, in the vicinity of the railroads, is extensively mined, and gives employment to a great num- ber of men, and brings a large sum of money among the people. This interest was not developed until after the advent of railroads, in 1854, when the Illinois Central was completed through this county. Prior to the building of the railroads the county was thinly populated, and farming was the only occupation of the inhabitants except a few of the mechanical trades and merchandising at the old town of Du Quoin, about four miles southeast of the present city of that name. The building of this road, at that early day, was the beginning of a new era in Illinois. All along its line sprang into existenc, thriving towns and villages, and Du Quoin, now the metropolis of Perry county, was one of their number. This road enters the precinct on the north, at the line between sections 19 and 20 of township 5 S., range 1 W., and passes in a southern direction, leaving the precinct on section 32. " The Cairo Short Line " traverses the county in a southeasterly course across the precinct, through the city of Du Quoin. These roads with their con- nections with the various main lines and larger cities of the west, gives excellent facilities for the shipment of the pro- ducts and manufactures. The following are a few of the earliest land entries, which will show the names of a number of the early settlers. In township 6 S., range 1 W., Dec. 5, 1814, Jerrold Jackson entered the S. \V. quarter of section 35, IGO acres ; Feb. 13, 1817, L. Bebee and J. II. Root, S. W. quarter section 34, 160 acres; April 25, 1815, William Mcintosh, N. W. quar- ter, section 30, IGO acres; May 7, 1819, John Pyle, W. half N. W. quarter, section 19, 81 acres; Feb. 2G, 1819, Edward II. Rees, W. half, N. E. quarter, section 9, 80 acres; Nov. 26, 1828, Jacob Lipe, W. half, N. W. quarter, section 6, 55 77, acres. In 1829 Blackwell Gochar, David H. Mead, and Thomas Gochar also made entries here in 1829. In township 6 S. range 2 W , the first entries were made April 25, 1815, by Sebastian C. Lavoche, part of S. \V. quarter, section 17, 84 acres, and William Mcintosh the whole of section 18, containing 628 acres. April 23, 1818, Thonia-s Taylor entered the S. E. quarter of Sec. 25, 160 acres ; Oct. 2, 1818, Elijah Wells, W. half, N. W. quarter, section 23, 80 acres ; Nov. U, 1818, Robert McElvain, E. half of N. E. quarter of section 23,80 acres. June 25, 1819, Louis Wells entered the E. half of S E. quarier of section 24, 80 acres. Du Quoin precinct is by far the most wealthy and popu- lous in the county. It received it-s name from the town of Old Du Quoin, it having been named after an Indian chief, who spelled his name Du Coign, and who, if tradition be true, boasted that, as the exception of his race, he had never spilled the blood of a white man. He became converted, and joined the Catholic Church. He lived a pure life, and at his death wsis buried by the Catholic Mission of Kas- kaskia. If we are correctly informed, Jarrold Jackson, who kept a toll-bridge on Little Muddy in 181 1, on the road between Shawneetown and Kaskaskia, was the lir.st white man to settle in Du (^uoin precinct. Thomas Taylor, a South Caro- linian, settled in Jackson county in 180:;, and from there came to Perry county in 1812. Lewis Wells, also from the State of South Carolina, emigrated to Illinois, stopping in Jackson county, in 1804. In the same year that Mr. Taylor came (1812), Wells also moved and settled in the same vicinity, where he remained until his death in L846, being then 96 years of age. John Campbell (father of Ji)hn, Washington, Isaac, Alexander and Charles Campbell), came from Tennessee in 1812, and settled in the same neighbor- hood. The above-named are all decea-sed. Hiram Root and Ephraim Skinner, natives of New York, arrived and located here in 1810. Mr. Skinner died four years afterward. Mrs. Root was here when, as she saiil, she had seen the wolves prowling about the house, and had chased a bear from her pig-pen with fire. John Pyle came to the precinct in 1819, and William and Abner Pyle at an early day, perhaps at the same time. Zachariah Clinton, Green Durrington, and Micajah Phelps, in 1824, from the State of Kentucky. Dr. Joseph Brayshav?, from England, Avery Chapman , and Joshua Davis, who built on the site of Old Du Quoin, arrived and settled in the precinct about the same time (1824). Robert McElvain, Rodney Bolin, (father of John Bolin), located here between 1820 and 1830. Bolin settled near Old Du (^uoin in 1829, and Mrs Lucy Bolin, his widow, died here, two or three years ago, at the 433 434 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. advanced age of over ninety years. The Flacks and Bur- banks were also early settlers. These persons named, who came to this precinct previous to 1830, may be regarded as its original pioneer settlers. Previous to the formation of Perry county in 1827, Kas kaskia was the nearest trading point, and the nearest store of any kind was in that city. In those early days the pio- neers experif need many hardships and inconveniences. They lived in small cabins, generally about 8x10 feet, constructed of rough, unhewn logs, with the spaces between them some limes clinked or daubed with mud. The roof was usually made of clap-boards, held to their places with knee and weight-poles ; the chimneys of sticks and clay, while the end of a log sawed out served as a window, and the floor was frequently nothing more than mother earth. These humble abodes of those hardy men and women were oft- times situated many miles in advance of civilization, in a wilderness, amid wild beasts and the fiercer red man. The first settlers paid but little attention to the tilling of the soil ; a small patch of corn, some vegetables and a few herbs for medicinal purposes served them. Wild game and honey were plentiful, aLd they ate principally of this delicious and wholesome food. They located near the small streams, where water and fuel could be easily obtained, and many years elapsed before the prairies were found suitable for culti- vation. There was no merchandise of any kind carried on in this precinct until some time between 1827 and 1830, when Daniel Dry, opened a small store of general goods in Old Du Quoin. The county court records show that license was granted him for that purpose in 1831. David Mead, kept the next store, and Chester A. Keyes, also had a store up to 1840. John Williams was the first licensed saloon-keeper in the precinct. John Campbell, who came in 1829, was a blacksmith, and erected a shop and began smithing that year at Old Du Quoin, and was the first of his tradesmen in the precinct. Mr. Campbell, in connection with Elijah Wells, also began the manufacture of plows, a very useful and much needed article. John Fulton, another early mechanic, made the pioneer wagons. It is said they used the truck wagons principally, in those days. Thomas Farrow located in Old Du Quoin in 1831, and was the first shoemaker. OLD DU QUOIN, to which we have frequently referred above, was, at one time, quite a flourishing village, and for many years the only one in the precinct. It is situated on the S. I of the N. W. J of section 26, T. 6. S , R. 1 W. There is no record of the plat on file at the county seat. It was originally laid out by Avery Chapman, about 1844, and surveyed and platted by Amos Webster. There were churches, school houses, a seminary, and sev- eral stores and dwellings erected in the village, and it be- came quite prosperous. After the Illinois Central railroad had been built, and the present city of Du Quoin laid out, most of the business men moved up to the new town. Many of the stores, houses, and residences, were also moved to the new town, being carried the whole distance upon trucks, drawn by ox teams. There is now but little remaining. A store kept by Isaac B. Adams, a post-office, and few resi- dences, are all that now mark the once thrifty village of Old Du Quoin. Mills — Prior to the existence of mills, in this precinct, the early settlers principally patronized Dillinger's old water mill, in Jackson county. About 1829 Elijah Wells built a mill on the west side of Nine Mile prairie, on the old Kas- kaskia road. It was a very rude affair, its capacity being fifteen bushels a day, when it was crowded to its utmost. In 1830 Elijah Lane built a horse mill in the same vicinity, which continued to run for a number of years About the same time John Reed constructed a mill of the same kind iu Paradise prairie. Robert Yeann built a tread mill about a half mile south of Elijah Wells', in 1841, and it continued in operation for several years. The first preaching was about 1829, by a man named Joseph Taylor in a private house. He was of the Univer- salist faith. There was preaching previous to 1840, by John Monkey, of the Christian denomination. Dennis Wells and William Wooley, Methodists, held meetings in 1840, and iu 1841 Josiah Wood, a Presbyterian, commenced preaching in the precinct. Philip Mulkey, held his early meetings at Avery Chapman's. The earliest school taught in this precinct was by a man named Abraham Brayshaw, about 1830. Soon afterward a school-house was erected three and a half miles south of Du Quoin, and a teacher named Binedlo (?) was first to teach in it. The house was built of round logs, with clap- board door. A log was cut out of one side to serve as a window. The chimney extended across the entire end of the house, and a hole, left in the roof, served for the exit of smoke. This is said to have been the first house built for school purposes in the precinct. Dr. Joseph Brayshaw, above mentioned, was the earliest physician in the precinct, and we may add the only one in the entire county for several years. The earliest magistrate and lawyer, was Sylvester Adams, Oliver Root acting as his constable. Thus have we briefly sketched the early settle- ment of the precinct. From 1830, the settlement gradually increased by a number of new arrivals each succeeding year, until the building of the Illinois Central railroad, when it received a large influx of population, and it was not until after this event that there were any business interests of importance developed. The precinct, including the city of Du Quoin and villages, in the census of 1880, contained a population of 5,550, which has probably increased somewhat in the past three years. THE CITY OF DU QUOIN, as stated elsewhere in this chapter, had its origin with the construction of the Illinois Central railroad through that part of the county. It was laid out by the B. R. company, through I. S. Metcalf their agent, and Chester A. Keyes, and surveyed and platted September 20, 1853, by William Richart, county surveyor of Jackson county. The original site was on the S. W. quarter of section 8, T. 6 S., R 1 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS 4:?5 W., of which the S W. quarter of the S. W. quarter belonged to the I. C. R. R company and the balance to Keyes. The work of grading the road was commenced in 1852, but it was not completed fjr the passage of trains through here until the spring of 1854. The first huildiugs were erected by the railroad company, being a freight and pivssenger depot, and a boarding-house for the entertainment of the laborers in the em[)loy of the company. The boardiug-house was first kept by Edward N. Smith, for about six months, while his residence was being erected. Mr. Smith, who is one of Du (Quoin's prominent and enterprising citizens, is the oldest resident and merchant in the city. In the same spring, 1854, two frame storehouses were moved here from old Du Quoin, a distance of five miles, and one from Jack Pyle's hill, in which John Johnson kept a small stock of goods. The first to embark in the mercantile business, was G. S. Smith & Co., who moved one of the houses above mentioned from old Du (^uoin, and this firm have been in bu^ines? contin- ually ever since. At the time of the laying out of the place there were two log cabins, situated within its limits, one occupied by Albert Adkins, and the other by B. F. Giiitcau, a carpenter, who moved into it in the sjiring of 1854. McCoy Brothers opened a blacksmith shop, and other mechanics and merchants came during the same year. Among some of the early business men and residents were, (•'. A. Keyes, L. C. Blakeslee, Robert Bartley, William Frizzell, George Y. McClure, Lype & Dry, Dr. G. T. Wall, J. A. Williams, Benjamin & A. J. Prague, William Combs and others. The population had increased so, that on the •28th of July, 1S57, an election was called for the ])urpose of voting on incorporation. It was carried unanimously, without a dis- senting vote. The first trustees were 15. Sprague, G. Y. McClure, G. S Smith, Daymon Thing and (J. C. Ward, five in nnrnber. Benjamin Sprague was elected police magistrate. It has since been incorporated under the general law as a city, under which government it is now controlled. Schools were established soon after the laying out of the place and for the first year or two were taught in rented buildings, when a frame school building on the site of the present one was erected. The lots were d. nated by the original proprietors for that purpose. That building was used until the present imposing brick structure was erected, at a cost of tweuty-fnir thousand dollars. It contains eight class rooms, and employs the same nund)er of instructors. There is also a colored public school, whi(^h has a neat frame building, and a catholic parochial school in the city. The city has been prosperous from the very beginning, and each year has added to it increased wealth and popula- tion. It progressed slowly, but steadily, and on a solid financial foundation. It has had for its citizens, men of industry and enterprise, who have united their tfn)rts in building up a city, that to-day ranks among the first in southern Illinois. The streets, the principal of wliich are Main and Washington, are one hundred feet in width, and are adorned with many fine brick business blorks and hand- some residences. The side walks aud streets ara kept in good style and are generally well shadai with fine maple trees. Near the center of the place, there is a park compris- ing one whole block, which was donated by the original proprietors, at the time of the laying out of the city. It contains shade and ornamental trees, aud is laid out wi ih intersecting walks along which are a number of rustic seats, for the comfort of th ise who seek its cool shades. There are eight churclies in the city, the Presbyterian, (Jhristian, Methodist, First Baptist, Catholic, St. John's Evangelical and two colored churches. The jiopulation ;us taken from the census of 1880 numbers 2809, which has undoubtedly b3en increased since that time. LEADISC MANlFACTUUIvS AND IXI)USTUIK.S. The mining of coal, is the leading industry of the place. There is a vast field of this mineral, underlying the whole area of the county. There are several veins at various depths, but the one now being worked, is of an excellent quality, varying from six to ten feet in thickness, aud is considered the most profitable to mine. The mines are mostly situated along the Illinois Central railroad track, in the suburbs of the city. The most extensive of them, is at St. Johns, about one mile norih of the depot, an account of which may be had below. Du Quoin Star Coal Miiiiii;/ ('(napmvj. — At this shaft, the coal is reached at a depth of sixty feet, and the vein averages from six to seven feet. The company work from fifty to ninety men, and ship from twelve to eighteen cars per day. The coal is raised by steam power. Enterprise Coal and Coke Company. Thisshaft was sunk in 1881, and the vein was reached at tiie depth of seventy feet from the surface The vein will average fullv six feet, and there are at present about fifty men employed in the mine. It raises from eight to ten car loads per day. This is a new mine, and as yet, is not under full headway. The Sun Cial and Coke Comp'tin/'s mine, is the farthest one north of the city, situated about one mile above St. Johns. It is worked by shaft, and employs from fifty to ninety men, and ships from twelve to eighteen car loads daily. East of the city, about one mile from the railroad, there are three mines being worked, known as the Ilodgers coal mine, the Moon mine, and the Dudley and Hruckshaw mine. The Rodgers and Moon mines, are operated by steam power. The Blakeslee Mannfadurinij Company, was established in 1862, by II. F. and A. J. Blakeslee. It was incorporated in 1880, with A. J. Blakeslee, President, and E. T. Blakes- lee, Secretary and Treasurer. They occupy large frame buildings, and their works are fitted up with the latest im- proved machinery, forges, etc., that are required to execute first class workmanship. The Blakeslee Direct A('tin<'- Steam pump, Blakeslee Steam Jet pumps, Veneering ma- chinery, portable and stationary engines, saw-mills, mill and coal mining machinery, etc. are the principal articles manu- factured All kinds of job work are also done, with neat- ness and dispatch. The works employ constantly about thiilv-live men. ■4 oil HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS Handle Factory. This institution has been in operation for several years under the management of the late W. H. Holmes. Handles of all kinds, neck-yokes and singletrees are a specialty. It employs a number of men. Oldeudorpk ManvJachmtKj Company have recently com- pleted a large brick building, south of the depot, and are just beginning the manufacture of road and farm wagons. New and improved machinery and forges have been placed in the factory, and it promises to be one of the successful in- dustries of the city. The Skir Mill Ccwpony was organized April 7th, 1855, and the articles of association were filed January 1st, 1856. The capital stock was 84,500, divided into 450 shares. The term of existence was fifty years, and the purposes were those oi building and optratirg mills and other business in Du Quoin and vicinity. The mill, a three story frame building, is situated in the west end of the city. It has a run of four burrs, with a capacity of eighty barrels a day. It is a merchant mill. The leading brands of flour are " Top Notch, "ai:d " Beauty," which are shipped principally to southern markets. There is also a cooper shop in con- nection with the mill, which makes the barrels The instil tution employs in all twelve men. George McKinney and S. J- Ross are the present owners and proprietors. Tlie Du Quoin Mill Company was organized with a capi- tal of Sl-'.OOO. The property is a fine four story brick mill, situated just south of the depot. It contains four run of burrs and two pairs of rolls, with a capacity of manu- facturing 130 barrels per day. The mill makes a choice grade of flour which is sold principally in southern and southwestern cities. It is under the management of Edward Kiramell, president, John Cunliffe, treasurer and secretary. Davis' M/^.— Situated opposite the depot has two run of stones and manufactures corn meal and Graham flour. It is owned and operated by Davis & Pope. It has also, in connection with it, an elevator constructed for handling all kinds of grain, with a capacity of storing 20,000 bushels, and it can handle from 5,000 to 7,000 bushels a day. The elevator is owned by P. N. Pope. Farmers' Mill, is a small frame structure with two burrs, one wheat and one corn. It is a custom mill, owned and operated by Bryant Brothers. The Exchange Bank — was established in 1860, by G. S Smith & Co., and was the first institution of the kind in Perry county. It is located on Main and Division streets, and occupies a fine brick building. The Du Quoin Bank was established December 8th, 1877, by Henry Horn and P. N. Pope, under the style of Horn & Pope, with H. A, Forman cashier. It continues under the same firm and management. The building, a sub- stantial brick structure, built for the purpose, is situated just west of the depot. District Fair Associaiio7i of Du Quoin. — The articles of association are dated July 16, 1870, and were filed July 21, 1870. The district comprised the counties of Franklin, Williamson, Jackson, Randolph and Perry. The capital stock was stated at not less than 810,000, and not more than 8100,000, with shares at 85 00 each. The first ofticers were President, I. M. Neely ; Vice President, William Jackson ; Secretary, J R. Elstun ; Treasurer, Edwin Smith ; and five trustees. There were but three fairs held by this association, in 1870, '71 and '72. In 1871 the state fair was held here. The enterprise proved to be a failure, and the buildings were moved to Pinckceyville and the grounds abandoned. Du Quoin Cemetery, situated in the northeast part of the city, belongs to and is controlled by Hope Lodge, I. O. O F. LEADING BUSINESS HOUSES — TRADE OF 1882. General Stores. — William E. Brokings, John M. Brown- ing, Henry Horn, Morris B. Lawrence, Adam Miller, Pope & Co., George S. Smith & Co., Mifflin & White. Groceries — William Dudley, W. A. Housel, William Hickman, J. F Humphries & Co., John Thorwell, Kingsbury & Johnson. Clothing. — Joseph Solomon, Boston Clothing House. Hardware. — George F. Blakeslee & Co., Don Onstott. Dry Goods. — Thomas J. Eddleman. Furniture. — W. R. Neighbors, Mrs. J. A. Palmer. Boots and Shoes. — W. A. Smith & Co, Leonard Kentzger, Charles F. Siekman, Louis Striker. Phy.ncians. — W. J. Burgess, Dyer &: Carr, Amos Tetrick, Edward Meyer, J. W. Renfro. Druggists. — A. C. Brookings, A. T. Leraing & Co., Whited & Lehn. Farm Implements. — W. B. Hall, John Schneider. Jewelers. — J. J. Higgins, W. E. Lintner. Western Brewing Co. — Agent, Thomas Thompson. Sewing Machines.- C. D. Elstun, J. W. Whitelock. News Papers — Du Quoin Tribune, Du Quoin Press. Marble Works. — John Saurbier, R. F. Drake. Flour and Feed. — George McKinney. Cigars and Tobacco. — Henry F. Henke, Poe & Schiele. Meat Markets. — Beck Bros., T. Briggs & Son, Freeman & Goel, Alfred Mills, John Kreher. Stoves and Tinware. — Adam Muench. Bakeries and Restaurants. — Samuel Eicenberger, E. Mc- Elvaine, A. Tetrick, Joseph Bookstaver. Photographers. — John C. Dopp, E. S. Wheatley. Confectioner. — John Lewis. Soda Water Factory. — Mrs. M Hayes. Bill Posters- — Hurt & Barrett. Shoemakers. — W. E. Dunn, A. Seliger. Blacksmith and Wagon Shops. — Adam Kern, J. Henry Willis, John Wheatley, Andy Tate, Yehling & Kraft. Tailor. — John G. Melroy. Harness Makers. — Jacob Messmore, Wiley Bates. Pianos & Organs. — H. P. Stott. Hotels. — Du Quoin can boast of having one of the best hotels in southern Illinois, the St. Nicholas, which is a fine brick structure, located opposite the depot. It is nicely fur- nished and well kept by W. D. Story. There are also two other hotels, the Shaffer House and the GifTord House. Barber Shops — John Smith, Anton Ruess, Martin Smith. Licery.—\\. D. Ward & Bro. Dentists. — John J. Jennelle, Louis Betts. 436A JOHN OLDENOORPH, PfiESI OENT^ OLDENDORPH MA N U FA C TU R I NG COMPA NY , DU Q UO I N ^ PEFRY CO. ILLINOIS . HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 437 Heal Et^tate and Insvrance. — C. F Liczee, B AV. Pope, W. Mueller, H. P. Scott. Pwi Master. — I. M. Neely. SKCKET ORDERS. Du (^uiiin lldjie Liidge, No. 232, 1. 0. O. F. meet at their hall in Wall's Brick, every Thurtday evening at 7^ o'clock. C C. Breed, N. G., A. L. Bryant, Sec'y. Du (^voiu Encampment, No. 18, /. 0. 0. J', meet at Odd Fellows' Hall, first and third Tue.'^day in each month. M Davison, C. P., T. H. Howell, Scribe. Du Quoin Lodije, No. '2M, A. F. A. M. Regular Commu- nication on second Thursday evening in each month. Hall in Post-office building. H. A. Fornian, W. M., H. P. Scott, Sec'y. Du (/uoin Chapter, No. a, li. A.M. Stated Convoca- tions at Masonic Hall, on the second and fourth Mondays of each monih. Wm. A. Housel, H. P., T. H. Howell, Sec y. Perry Lodge, No. 1578, A', of H. meets on the 1st and 3d Mondays of each month. Hall, 3d floor Schrader's block, Du Quoin. John B. Ward, Dictator, W. H. East, Reporter. Du Quoin Easttrn Star Lodge, No. 27, A. F. .4. M. Regu- lar Communication on la.st Tuesday evening in each month. Hall in Pope & Co's building. C. A. Ricks, W. M., Stephen Oates, Sec'y. Doric Pride Lodge, No. 1940, Crand United Order of Olid Fe/lotvs — meet at their hall in Burgess' Block, Du Quoin, on the firrt and third Mondays in each month. Albert Watson, N. G., Richard Dement, Sec'y. Du (Juoin Horse and Mide Protecting Society — meets regu- larly at stated meetings, in Du Quoin. Hiram Burbank, President. ST. JOHNS is situated about one mile north of the Du Quoin depot, on the line of the Illinois Central railroad. It was laid out as a village by Ashley & Bro., and was surveyed and platted by I. ¥j. Willis, county surveyor, September 13, 185(3. It is located on sec. 5 of tp. ij S., range 1 W. In 1857 it voted on incorporation and carried it unanimously. The first trustees, elected June ti, 1857, were: John Wheatley, A. W. Nason, Robert Knox, C. B. Meserole and Charles Leav- enworth ; police magistrate, Elisha Nason. It is not at this writing incorporated. It is a small vil- lage con)prisiug only a few dwellings. It is here that the fait works are located and that coal is mined more exten- sively than at any other point in Perry county. The Illinois Central Iron and Coal Mining Company was organized March 3, 1857, and their articles of association filed March 27 of the same year. The capital stock was •536,000 divided into 560 shares, incorporated for thirty years. The first directors and officers were : Austin S. Tuttlc, President; Alonzo W. Nason, secretary and trea- surer, and Orrin J. Rose. This comjjany began raining coal in 1857. The vein at this point dips, and it is worked by digging a slope instead of sinking a shaft, the usual way of mining in this state. In 1867 \V. P. Holliday, of Cairo, purchased all the stock of the company and assumed the control and management of the mine. In the spring of 1873 a new slope was sunk, a mile and a quarter east, and is the one now being used for mining the coal. The vein varies from seven to ten feet in thickness, and the coal is of a superior quality. In 1870, while boring to examine the lower coal fields, a salt well was struck at the depth of 940 feet. Mr. Hol- liday at once saw the importance of this discovery, and immediately began the erection of suitable buildings for the manufacture of salt, which were completed, with machinery ready for use, in November, 1873. Since then there have been six wells sunk, from each of which are thrown from fifteen to twenty gallons of salt water per minute. The buildings and capacity have been greatly enlarged, and the manufacture of five grades of salt is now being extensively carried on. The works will average about 150 barrels of salt per day, which are shipped mostly to soul hern states. There is also a general store, and an elevator, constructed for handling all kinds of grain, belonging to the works. Besides these extensive manufacturing and mining institu- tions, there is a farm consisting of 2,300 acres, 700 acres of which are under cultivation, belonging to the works, all of which are owned and controlled by Mr. Holliday. There are employed here about 350 men, including all the branches of business. DIAMOND TOWN was named from the Black Diamond Coal Mining Company's mine, which was located at this point. The company was organized in 1865. The mines are not being worked at this writing, and there is nothing there but a few old buildings. The town was laid out by James Dick, and surveyed and platted by William H. Lovelady, county surveyor, Sep- tember 15, 1864. It is located on the N. W' . quarter of sec 29, tp. 5 S., range 1 W. BIOGRAPHIES. Was a native of White county, Illinois, and was born March 25th, 1824 ; his parents, Woods M. and Jane (McCluskey) Hamilton, were natives of Tennessee, and emi- grated to Illinois and settled in White county soon after the State was admitted to the Union. Woods M. Hamilton was a Cumberland Presbyterian minister ; he was the father of ten children — nine sons and one daughter ; but two of them are now living, viz : Dr. Hamilton, of Murphysboro, Illinois, and Jane, who was the wife of Judge J. M. Ralls, now deceased, of Randolph county, Illinois, now the wife of Mr. Fulton, of the same county. Presley P. was raised in the home of his father, in White county ; while yet a young man he entered the law office of Hon. S. S. Marshall, of McLeansboro, and read law ; before he finished his studies, he removed to Pinckneyvilleand there completed his studies in the office and under the tuition of Col. William Edwar's, an eminent and successful lawyer of that place. He was ad- mitted to the bar when he was in his twenty-second year. Judge Scates, one of the Supreme Justices of tlie State, pre sided over the circuit courts of Perry county at that time. In the fall of 1858 Mr. Hamilton entered the Law School at Louisville, Kentucky, and graduated from that institution 438 in February, 1859 ; he continued the prr.clice in Perry and surrounding counties until 186 ], and had built up a large and lucrative business, and was reganled as one of the leading lawyers in the circuit; in 1863 he experienced religion and became a convert and member of the M. E. Church ; he conceived it to be his duty to enter the ministry of the church, which he did, notwithstanding that by so doing he sacrificed his large and profitable business, and took up a calling that promised no eraolumeiits beyond a mere living ; but he was as earnest and sincere in his last pro- fession as he was active and energetic in the first. He was admitted to the ministry at the Southern Illinois Con- ference held at Olney, and his first labors were on the Kin- niundy circuit; two years later he was transferred to Litcih- field Station, and there remained three years; then went to Alton, where he remained one year. His health then began to fail, and he was compelled to seek repose from his labors, but, alas ! it was too late. He departed this life October 22nd, 1869, having been actively engaged in the ministry nearly six years. In 1865 he was ordained deacon, and in 1867, an elder in the church. He was by nature admirably adapted to the ministry ; he was devout and earnest; his great HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 439 earnestness carried conviction tothosewhocamein contact with his niinistraiions, and as an exhorter he was powerful; ail acknowledged his power and ability to sway his auditnce, and lead iheiu in the path of righteousness. That he was useful, and had not mistaken his culling, it is proved by the fact that in the six years of his ministry he converted five hundred, and led them into the fold of the church. Ills great regret was that he had heeded the call to the ministry at the eleventh hour, and therefore .said he must do a whole day's work in one hour. In his home he was a kind and devoted husband, and to his children an affectionate and indulgent father. On the 2()th of July, 184(), he mirried Mi-ii Lucy M. daughter of Humphrey B. and Harriet I Dobbins) Jones. Mrs. Jones was born in Virginia, but reareci and married in Christian county, Kentucky, where Mr. Jones was born and raised. Mr. Jones came to Illinois in April, 1821, and set- tled in JJrownsville, -Jackson county, and there followed the practice of medicine, and continued there until April 21st, 1827, when he removed to Perry county, which had just been organized ; he entered the land on which Pinckneyville now stands, and assisted in locating and laying out the town when the county sen was located. He was the first county and circuit clerk, and held nearly all the offices of the county for sixteen years. In addition, he was the leading physician und post-master of Pinckneyville. lie Wds admitted to the bar about 1841), and from that time to his death was the leading lawyer, and was engaged ou one side or the other of ne.rly »11, if not all, the ca.'es tried in the courts of Perry county. He was indeed a prominent and in many re.«pects a remarkable man. His death occurred Nov. 18th, 18.")."), nged fifiytix years. Mrs. Hamilton was born in Pinckney- ville, December 2;)rd. 1S27, and is credited with being the first child born in that town. There was born to Mr. and Mrs. Hatiiilton six children — five sons and one daughter. Three of the sons died in infancy. Harriet A., the only daughter, married Joseph R Blackwell ; she died December 9th, 1878, leaving three children, named Lucy, Bessie, and Guy Blackwell. The names of the surviving sons are: Edward J., who married Miss Lena Baldwin, of Ironton, Missouri, and John ,]. Hamilton, who is a book-keej)er in St. Louis. CHARLES P. RICHARDS, One of the proprietors and editors of the Tribune, is a native of Wyoming county, New York, born September 18th, 1841. He is the son of Newell G.. and Roxyelte (Kingsley) Richards, who are the descendants of old settlers in New- York. Josiah W. Kingsley, the maternal grandfather, is still living. He is closely related to the Fulton family, of which Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steamboat, was a raem})er. Newell G. Richards remained in New York fol- lowing the occupation of a farmer uniil the winter of 180."), when he removed west and settled in Flint, Michigan, where he at present resides. By his marriage with Miss Roxyette Kingsley there were seven children, only two of whom are at present living, viz., James B , who for the greater portion of his life has been engaged in mercantile pursuits, and the subject of this sketch. Charles P. received a fair Iviglish education in the schools of his native county. At the age of fifteen he entered a printing office in the town of Perry, and served an apprenticeship of three years, after which he worked at the case iu the printing office at Gcneseo, and from there went to Warsaw and took the foremanship of an office. In the fiiU of 1864 he came west to Michigan, and stopped at Kalamazoo, where he worked at the case. One year later he went to Chicago, where he remained six months, then came down to Champaign, Ills., and clerked at a hotel for six months, after which he returned to the trade, and worked in the printing offices of Toledo, Ohio, Wabash, Ind., and Bloomington, Ills, returning to Champaign where he was married. He then went to Rock Island and worked on a daily paj)er for nearly one year. His health failing him, he returned to Champaign, in the offices of which place, after his health had recruited, he worked, and in August 1808 he came to Du Quoin, and returning to Champaign, ten months later, took charge of the Gazette office as foreman. In Nov., 1870, he returned to Du Quoin and purchased a third interest iu the Tribune office. The firm of R. Berry & Co. continued until 1874, when Berry's interest was pur- chased by the remaining partners, who, under the firm name of Beem & Richards, have continued the publicatiou of the Tribune to the present. The Tribune, under the manage- ment of the latter firm, has ri.sen to be the most potential organ in the Twentieth Congressional District, and one of the prominent and leading newspapers in Southern Illi- nois. The office is superior to many country offices in its outfit of power presses, type and all kinds of material neces- sary to do any and all kinds of first-class work. Both these gentlemen are practical printers, and have had many years of practical experience in both country and metropolitan offices, and therefore bring to the office a thorough knowledge of the wants of the people and the interests of the community, whiih, as ne ispaper publishers, they represent On the 2d of August, 18(!6, Mr. Richards was united in marriage to Miss Emma L., daughter of Lyman D and Freelove C. (Brown) Chaddon, of Champaign, Illinois. Mrs. Richards' parents are natives of New York. At present they are residents of Wellington, Kansas. There have been three children born to Mr. and Mrs. Richards, whose names, in the order of their birth are, Herman E., Helen Corabelle and Charles Albert Richards. Mr. Richards, politically, comes from a Democratic family, but after casting his first vote with that party, joined the Republican ranks. He cast his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln iu 1864, and for each succeeding Republican president since. 440 HISTORY 01 RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. ^^^-wXj^^/^^ The rliUject of the following sketch has been for many years one of the prominent educators of Perry county. He was born in Cayuga county, New York, July 18th, 1836. The Ward family on the paternal side is of English descent and on the maternal French. A. Ward, his father, was a native of New York. Removed toClaremont county, Ohio, in 1841, and there remained until 1857, when he came to Illinois and settled in Perry county, where he died in 18/3. He followed the peaceful occupation of a farmer during his active life. He married Priscilla H. Brand, who was born in western New York. She died in this county in 1875. John B. Ward, the subject of this sketch, is the fifth in a family of nine children, four of whom have survived the parents and are yet living. The oldest son, G. C. Ward during ihe late war enlisted for three years, and became a member of Company G, 12lh Ills. Vol. Inlty. He was killed at the second battle of Corinth, where he participated with his commander in a desperate charge upon the enemy to recapture a battery. John B. was reared upon the farm and attended the District schools of Claremont county during the winter months, and therein received his primary education, which was of such a character as fitted him for entrance to the high schools and academies of the county. In those institutions he laid the foundations of his learn- ing, which Has afterward improved by self-culture, exten- sive reading and many years of teaching. In the spring of 1855 he came We.«t to Illinois and stopped at Galesburg, in Knox county. In May of the same year came to Du Quoin and here served an apprenticeship at tbe pla-terer's trade and worked at the business for three years. During those years he taught school in the winter months, returning to his trad -. with the opening of spring. He is credited with teaching the first school established in the city of Du Quoin. He then concluded to adopt the profession of teaching and m, I). O. 11, was chartere, range 9, where he still lives at the age of 77. Mr. Coop is a wcll-knowir citizen, and has been a useful man in his community. John Gregson immigrated from England in 1819. His family consisted of his wife and three children, William, George and James. William and George died very young. Their names were afterward given to two after-born brothers. There was also a daugh- ter, Eliza. Mr. Gregson settled on section 19, where he be- came quite a successful farmer. James Ibisou and his wife, about the year 1820, arrived from J^ancashire, England, and located in the Winstanley settlement, in section !>. Here he improvtd a good farm. His children were named James, Thomas and Ann. He died in Fort Smith, Arkan- sas. Zopher Williams and his brother Arthur were settlers of the year 1^20. The former located on the N. i of section 5. The Winstanley settlement is, at present, a mere name for a thing that is past. The English .settlers have become scattered, and those of another nationality have taken their place. Several of the families went to California. About the year 1820, Henry Noah, a Kentuckian, who married Eliza Robbi.5on, settled in Horse Prairie, sooth of Richland creek. He was a teacher, and probably the first in the pre- cinct. To the same date and locality may be referred, the Guthrie?, a family from one of the Eastern States. The children were John, ('harles, James, Samuel, Joseph, Catha- rine and Nancy. James was a teacher. He married Nancy Hurlstone. The Germans began to arrive about theyearlSoO. Piiilip Hen.singer was among the first. On his arrival from Ger- many he had a wife and two or three children. He settled in section 1"). Henry and Catharine Frick, and their chil- dren, Conrad, John, George, William, Charles, Ernst, Jacob and Catharine, came from Hesse Ca.ssel to St. Clair county in 183;>, and thence to Monroe in 1835. The family located about two miles south of the town of Freedom. The father and mother are dead. Four of the brothers arc living here. John Ruht arrived in Twelve Mile Prairie in 1833. He came from Hesse Darmstadt with his wife and four children, and settled on the N. E i of section 1(!. In the same year. Christian Steigers from Beyern, Germany, with his wife and five children, four sons and a daughter, .settled on the E. 1 of section 13 in Twelve Mile. In the same prairie, on the N. E. i of section 14, Conrad Moore settled in 1835. He and his family, his wife and two children, were from Hesse Darmstadt. John Weaver, also a German, settled about the centre of section 13 in 1836. Timothy Dunn and his wife Ann Flood were natives of Ireland, married in New York city, and came licie in 183)8. The first land entered in this precinct was by Henry Neill, the N. W. i of section 14, 160 acres entered August Uth, 1814. TOWN OF FREEDOM. The town was laid out on land of Theodore Hilgard. It was platted and surveyed by Thomas Singleton, county surveyor, December 18, 1840. It stands on the N. W. (luarter of section 4, T. 2 S., R. 10 W. In 1849, Jacob Frick built the first house. The same year he opened a 458 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRT COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. stock of goods. The Star flouring mill was built in 1863, by Keho and Thieltges. In 1864, it was purchased by George Frick, the present owner and operator. The build- ing is of frame, and contains four run of burrs with a capacity of eighty barrels a day. The school-house is a brick building, erected in 1865, at a cost of $1,300. The Freedom Library Association was organized as early as 1867. It was chartered, December 9, 1872. It has five hundred and seventy volumes of books, worth about |2,500. PRESENT BUSINE.SS. General Stores. — Henry Gambach, Adam Roth, Joseph Klinkhardt. Hotels. — Jacob Thum, K. Y. Roxroth. Saloon. — Jacob Heuvies. Blacksmiths. — Lenhardt Weis, John Grib, Joseph Meyer- cough. Wagon Makers. — Sepbastian Jakel, Jacob Wagner. Shoemaker. — Henry Diefenbach. Harness Maker. — Henry Reiameyer. Justice and Notary Public. — H. J. Frick. Postmaster. — Henry Gambach. BIOGRAPHY. JACOB THUM Was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland, March 11th, 182i). His parents were Jacob Thum and Francisco Thum. They came to America in 1842, landing in New Orleans. Their objective point was Highland, by way of the city of St. Louis, but on the way thither by boat they were " frozen in,'' below Cairo, where they remained two months. From here part of the company, including the subject of this sketch, walked to Belleville, St. Clair county. Here Jacob Thum, Jr., hired out to a farmer living near Shiloh at $36 per annum. He remained with his employer three years, when he again engaged his services to Dr. Reis, first at $5, then at $7 per month. In the meantime his father, whose business in the old country was that of a potter, secured a farm and he returned to live and labor with him. Jacob Thum, Jr., was married to Josephine Zeller. a native of Switzerland, in Belleville, Nov. 1, 1852. The following year she died of cholera, and Jacob commenced trading. Prior to his wife's death he had spent a few months in Central city engaged in the grocery trade, but thinking to do better, exchanged his business for a place in Belleville. He was married to his present wife, Kuni Gundi Schoen- bein, Nov. 5th, 1855. By her he has three children. In 1859 he located in Red Bud, where his father died, Jan. 31st, 1861. In 1864 he moved to Freedom, where he has since resided. Mr. Thum is a business man of energy ; he manages a fine farm and at the same time keeps a hotel fur the accommodation of the traveling public. In politics he takes great interest, and can generally be found a delegate in local political conventions. His children are Anna Francis, born May 4, 1858, and now the wife of Joseph Klunkhardt ; Jacob, born July 1st, 1859, died Jan. 31st, 1861 ; Elizabeth, born Jan. 1.3, 1865, and Emma Eva, born June 15, 1867. RUM A RANDOLPH CO. ^N the northwest part of Randolph county, south of Red Bud, lies the precinct of Ruma. The \S^ Kaskaskia river flows along its eastern boundary. T^'^s Brcwerville adjoins it on the south, Prairie du Rocher and a portion of Monroe county on the west. The land is elevated, divided into ridges and bluffs in the western portion, and rolling and level in the central part. It is well watered by Horse creek flowing from the northwest in a southeasterly direction, where it empties into the Kaskaskia. Camp's creek waters the south- ern portion, and is also a tributary of tiie Kaskaskia. Horse's creek derives its name from Horse prairie, and Camp's creek from a family of the name of Camp. The bottom lands of these creeks are rich with alluvial deposits, and admirably adapted to grass. They are well timbered. The streams are tortuous, with blufl'y banks, and limestone beds at fre- quent intervals. The soil of the ridge lands are adapted to wheat. There were settlements made in this precinct as early as 1782, on the authority of one of the oldest settlers. Two brothers named Ichabod and (Jeorge Camp made im- provements on the creek called Camp's creek. These men seemed to be rovers, and moved shortly after they came to the precinct to Missouri, where a place is called Camp Spring after them. Their name has been given to one creek and two springs. Paul Harelston settled near the moulh of Camp's Creek in 1802. Not much can be gathered from any reliable source respecting him, except that he was quite a prominent man and for some time held the office of sheritt' of the county. In 1808, Mr. Henderson, from South Carolina, settled op- posite Evansville on the west side of the Kaskaskia. Wil- liam Nelson came to Randolph county in 1812 or '14. He settled on Horse creek near where the village of Ruma now stands, and erected a horse mill and a small distillery It was conducted on a limited scale, there being only one small copper still. He became a prominent man, held the office of county commissioner, and was justice of the peace for a long time. He was married in South Carolina to Ellen Gray, by whom he had five sons, John G., Isaac, William, Robert and James, and two daughters, Eliza and Mary. Eliza married William McBride and Mary married John Stevenson, an old settler from Ohio. The oldest settler now living in Randolph county is James O'Hara. the sou of Henry O'Hara, who came with his father originally from Frederick county, Maryland, where he was born November 8, 1799. His father's name was Henry, and he was married in Maryland to Margaret Brown, by whom he had ten children, Mary, Amelia, Catharine, James, Thomas, Samuel, Henry, Sarah, John and Charles, all of whom were born in Maryland except Charles, who was born in Kentucky. Of these, four sons are still living. James and Henry live in Randolph county, John in Wisconsin, and Charles in Cali- fornia. The father of these sons first moved from Maryland to Nelson county, Ky. in 1811, from thence to Belleville, St. Clair county. 111., in 1817, and the succeeding year, 1818, to Randolph county, when he located in section 5, one mile .southwest of Ruma village. When they first settled in that locality, their nearest neighbor was two miles north, their next three miles south, and the next six miles, on the Amer- ican Bottom. William Nelson, spoken of, was the nearest neighbor. Joseph Orr, and his brother Thomas, were three miles off. Henry O'Hara and his wife died on the old place. She, on July 25th, 1825, and he, June 18th, 1826. James O'Hara, is the oldest son of Henry O'Hara spoken of. He was about 17 years old when, with his father he came to Randolph county, Illinois. He had to depend for his edu- cation on what he picked up here and there. The county was a wilderness, there were plenty of wolves and game, but no school-houses. He followed his father's occupation, farming. In 1828, on the 26th of August, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Threlfall, a daughter of William Threl- fall, who came from England, about 1820, and settled in Jlonroe county, where Mr. O Hara first met and was married to her. As a result of this marriage there were born twelve children. The wife of this venerable patriarch, diedNovem. ber 5th, 1876, at the age of 66, having been born in 1810. The father of James O'Hara was quite an extensive land owner. In 1818, Joseph and Thomas Orr came from Vir- ginia and located in the O'Hara settlement. Joseph died in Sparta, and Thomas went to Pike county, Illinois. Some of the children live at Sparta. John Brewer who came at the same time from Kentucky, brought along six sons, Thomas, Felix, Vincent, George, Pius and John, all of whom filled important places in the estimation of their neighbors. John was once county commissioner, and a justice of the peace. The father had in all ten children, all of whom are now dead. He lived four miles .southwest of Mr. O'Hara. James Whalen, emigrated from Maryland to Kentucky, and thence to the O'Hara settlement in 1818. He was the father of Mrs. Julia Whalen, who married Bartholomew Hay, who located on Horse Prairie. Francis E. Harrell, living on section 21, is the grandson of Benedick Harrell, who came from Maryland to Kentucky, in 1795. In the year 1818, he came thence to Randolph county, and located in the O'Hara settlement where he died about 1830. His wife's name was Alice Payne, and they were married in Maryland. Eight children were the result, Cornelius, Ber- 459 400 HISTORY OF RAXDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. naril, Benedict, Thomas, Henry, Robert, Mary and Jane, all of whom are dead. Benedict and Henry came out to the country with their father. Cornelius, the oldest son, was born in ]\Iaryland iu 1793, and was about two years old ■when the family came to Kentucky. In 1815, while in Washington county, Kentucky, he married Elizabeth Gough, daughter of John B. Gough, an old Revolutionary soldier, born in Maryland, who came to Randolph county, Illinois, in 1832, and remained one year, whence he went to Missouri. Francis E. Harrell was twelve years old, when his father came to Randolph Co., and is living on the same place ■where his father located. Thomas Mudd was born in Maryland. His ancestors were of the Lord Baltimore party. Some of them took part in the Revolutionary war. He married in Maryland a lady named Johanna Carrick, or Cariev, whose ancestors were also participants in the Colonial struggle for independence. A short time after his marriage, Thomas Mudd moved to Ky. and located in Spencer county, where he was a pioneer and settled down to farm life. He had a family of nine children by his marriage, seven sons and two daughters, whose names were James, Edward, Francis, Joseph, Felix, John and Thomas H. Teresa and Lucreta. James, the oldest son, came out from Kentucky one year before his father left. He was born in Maryland. He was married in Ky., to Amelia O'Hara, a sister of James O'Hara before mentioned. He raised a family of six sons and three daughters, all of whom grew to maturity except one son. Their names were William, Henry, Felix, Charles, Leo T. and Pius; Margaret A- Harriet and Eliza L. all are still alive but Pius, and they all live in Randolph county 111., but Felix, who went to Texas, and still lives there. James Mudd, the father of these children came, as was stated, to 111., one year before his father Thomas came out. It was the year 1818. He first settled on the blufi", N. East of Prairie du Rocher. William Mudd was the eldest. He was born April 30th, 1816, and was the only son born in Kentucky, all the rest being born in Illinois. William remained on the farm at home, until he was 21 years of age. Mr. Mudd has always been an active promoter of public interests. In 1857 he was chosen as a candidate for the office of As.sooiate Judge of Randolph Co. Alter serving four years, he was again elected in 1861, and served another term. He is at present enjoying home life in his large farm seven miles from Red Bud, on section 30, Kuma precinct. The Simpson family were also among the early settlers in this township. They are descendants of an old English family who emigrated to America with Lord Baltimore on account of religious persecution. William Pregley, was born in Spencer county, Kentucky, April 25th, 1818. His grand- father, Simon Pregley, emigrated from the State of Pennsyl- vania at an early period to Ky., where Abraham Pregley, the father of William, was born about 1796. He was mar- ried in Ky. to Susan Smith, and in 1833 moved to Randolph county, and located in Township 5, Range 8, about 4 miles west of Evansville. John Vinson came from Kentucky to Illinois in 1831, and settled in Christian county. He took part in the Black Hawk war. He moved to Randolph county in 1845, and settled on section 22. He was married to Mary Ann Simpson (sister of James D.), in Sangamon county, in the year 1833. John M. Baker was an old settler, who came from New York to Randolph county about the year 1834; he was a brother of David J. Baker, of Kaskaskia. He died at Ruma iu 1855. Michael Donohoo was married in Kentucky about 1819 to Julia Welch. Iu 1826 he came to Randolph county, and settled where the village of Ruma now stands on section 33. James M. Kennedy was born March 17, 1795, in the State of Vermont. He came to Randolph county, Illinois, and was married there in 1828 to Sarah D>th day of March, 18.i8, he married Miss Mary Williams, daughter of (Iraham and Nancy Williams; Mrs. Frank was born May 14th, 1843. Their children are: George, born Decem- ber 28th, 1858, who grew to be a bright boy of sixteen years, when he died, March 5th, 1875 ; Cora, born September 14th, 1861, married to Edward Horrel, on October 14th, 1879; Edgar C, born September 24th, 1874; and Isabel, born De- cember 14th, IS.sl. At the breaking out of the Civil War Mr. Frank entered military service as a private in the 5th Regiment of Mis- souri State troops; he then re-enlisted in the 33rd Regiment, Missouri Volunteers, when he served as Corporal of Co. D. At the battle of Nashville, on December 15th, 18(i4, he was dangerously wounded, receiving a fracture of the skull ; al though little hopes were entertained as to his recovery, he, under skilful treatment, was restored to life, and was honor- ably discharged at the Marine Hospital at St. Louis on June 5th, 1865. On the 21st day of March: 1866, Mr. Frank, with his family, came to Ruma, where he at once opened a shop, and where he is still doing a thriving busi- ness. In 1868 he was commissioned as post-master of Ruma, which office he held for eleven years and nine months; find, iog the office too troublesome, he resigned the same, and in 1875 was elected a Justice of the Peace; as a prominent member of the Republican party of Randolph county, Mr. Frank soon became widely known, and in the year 1880 his party honored him with the nomination for County Com- missioner, to which office he was elected by a handsome majority. At present Mr. Frank is President of the Board of County Commissioners, and his official record in that ca- pacity is without blemish. He cast his first vote for Lin- coln and Johnson, and has ever since affiliated with the Re- publican party. He is a member of the Catholic Church. Mr. Frank has a comfortable home at Ruma, and he and his family are highly esteemed by their neighbors and friends. 462 HISTORY OF BANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS /S^^//(^^, a^iu The firm of O'Hara Bros, general merchants, at Ruma, was organized in 1872, by Henry and James R. O'Hara Henry, the oldest sou of James O'Hara and Elizabeth (Threllfall) O'Hara, was born on December 10th, 1829, at the O'Hara homestead, near Ruma. He left home in the year 1850, and for a short time went to farming on his own account. In 1851, he entered the store of H. C. Cole, at Chester, as a salesman and remained there for three years. Joining a party headed by William Threllfall in 1854 he went to California, by the overland route and arrived there safely after a six months' journey. During the twelve years stay in California he was engaged in raining, but with unsatisfactory results, returning by the isthmus route to New York and from there to his home. He and his brother James went to farming, one mile south of Harrisonville, Monroe county, Illinois. While there he was married to Miss Mary Misplay, daughter of Louis and Jane (Tyner) Misplay. The marriage occurred on the 1st day of Febru- ary, 1870. Mrs. Mary O'Hara was born on the 9th day of November, 1849. They had five children, Addie, born November 18th, 1871; Carrie Agnes, born January 13th, 1872 ; Maggie Jane, born June 29th, 1875 ; James Oscar, born February 19th, 1877 and died December 18th, 1877 ; and Jessie Rachel, born November 30th, 1878. While on a trip to St. Louis, Mr. O'Hara contracted pneumonia and died, after an illness of but five days, on February 10th, 1879, mourned by his widow and children and his many relatives and friends. During his lifetime he gained the highest esteem of all who knew him, by his honesty, industry and superior social qualities. His remains are interred in the Catholic cemetery near Ruma. He left his widow and children in comfortable circumstances, and his wife still holds his share in the store at Ruma. BLAIR. RANDOLPH CO. lIR is a small precinct containing twenty sections of laud. It lies south of the Central and Sparta precincts, and is bounded on the east by Steele's mills, and Sparta ou the south by Bremen, and on the west by Florence and Central. The land is rolling, some timber and some prairie, and is generally well im- proved. The soil is loam on the prairie, but clay in the timbered portion. The south- east part of the precinct is watered by a branch of Mary's river. Pillars' creek also flows through it. The praiiie is called "Opossumden." The first settler in Blair was Major John Pillars, a half brother of James Hughs, son of Thomas Hughs, who tvas killed by the Indians while crossing the Ohio river on his way back to a settlement ; he had previously lived near Kaskaskia. His wife escaped, and, returning to Kentucky, afterwards married James Pillars, the father of Major John Pillars, who, with his two sons, John and Richard, and Mrs. Hughs' son, bv her former husband, came out and made a settlement on what is known as the "Old Hughs Place," on the east side of the Kaskaskia river. John Pillars did not long remain here, but opened a farm near his father, and soon afterward moved to Opossumden prairie. He was a man of note, and for a long time was major of the militia. He died on his farm January, 18.52. He received his first education from James Hughs, his half-brother, who was older, and quite a mathematician. John Pillars built the first house in Blair precinct, on section four. It was made of round logs. He also improved the first farm. His daugh- ter, Anne Pillars, now Mrs. Harmon, was the first child born in the precinct. The first burial ground was ou the farm above mentioned. In it were buried John Pillars, his wife, and a few friends. Samuel Crawford built the second house in this precinct. He originally came from Tennessee, in the year 1816. He settled on Opossumden prairie in 1819. He was said to have been the first school teacher. A prominent and pop- ular man, he served in various capacities. At one time he was Justice of the Peace, then a receiver of public moneys in the Land office, at Kaskaskia, also a member of the Legis- lature. William Morris settled on Opossumden prairie in 1817. Edward Campbell, who at present resides in Blair village, is the sou of Alexander Campbell, who came from Smith county, Tennessee, in 1819, bringing with him a family of eight children, making the journey by wagon, and accom- panied several other families. Their journey was tedious, and without incident. The Indians were numerous, and Mr. Campbell says he frequently saw as many as three hundred. Bear, deer, and other game abounded. Wolf killing was quite a pastime. Alex. Campbell, after living a (juiet and industrious life, died, esteemed a good citizen, in the year 1827. His sons were, Edward, John, Andrew, William, and Alexander. Edward still lives near the old place, which was on section eight. He has been County Commissioner and Justice of the Peace. John was elected sheriB'in 1838, and held the office for ten years. Was afterwards elected Judge of the County Court; theu sheriff again, and finally judge, which position he held until his death. James McFarland, William Morris, and James McDon- ough, were old settlers in Blair. A company was made uji on the Opossumden prairie for the Black llawk war, with Josiah S. Biggs for captain, and during an enthusiasm cre- ated by a Col. Henry, from the northeast part of the State, a second waa raised, which had for captain, James Thomp- son, who resided near Preston, on the Irish settlement. Marcus L Barnes was in the Mexican war. His father was a captain in both the Black Hawk and Mexican wars. Felix Hughs, an old settler, lives in section 9 His father, James, whose mother married James Pillars, came from Kentucky, and settled with his step-father near Ka." kaskia in the year 187.5. The place is known as the " Old Hughs place" James Hughs was a noted man, remarka- ble for energy and sound judgment. He was also considered a fine scholar for those days; he excelled in mathematics. So noted was he that John Reynolds, afterward Judge of the Supreme Court and Governor of the State, applied to him and received all the education he obtained until he reached his seventeenth year. The future governor walked from the farm on which the family lived, and which is now owned by John Beare, on section 21, in Florence precinct, and received his instruction during the winter nights ; coKl weather, rain, or snow did not deter him. James Hughs, being a man of energy and business capa- city, engaged in making salt, at the mouth of Saline creek, in Missouri, opposite Kaskaskia, a place where the early settlers were in the habit of boiling salt. This salt he con- veyed to the falls of the Ohio in what were then called K- r05r«e.v,small flat-bottomed boats, which were polled and hauled along the river. Trading the salt he brought back such articles as were needed for use and to barter. On one of these trips he met his future wife, a lady named Rachel Hall, and engaged to marry her at the conclusion of his next trip. His step-father, James Pillars, having by some means gotten information of the mutter, unknown to Mr. 403 464 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Hughs, made his arrangements to surprise him, so when James started down the river with his cargo of salt, Mr. Pillars, taking two horses, besides the one he rode, cut across the country and met young Hughs at the falls, who, being thus surprised, inquired the reason of his unlooked-for presence, and was told by Mr. Pillars that, expecting a mar- riage, he had brought the horses so that he might ride with his wife to her new home. The party rode back together, camping out at night, their only bed being the blankets car- ried on horseback, and their food such as could be prepared by the way with the camp kettle. James Hughs lived on his step-father's farm, which he obtained, until his death. He was in the United States ranging service in 1812. He left five sons, namely, James, John, Stace, Feli.K and Henry. Returning to the history of Felix Hughs, we find he was born in Randolph Co., near the site of Ellis Grove in 1816. Amos Taggart, living on section 5, is the son of Daniel C. and Margaret Taggart- Daniel C was born in South Caro- lina and came to Randolph Co., the first time, about the year 1812. After a short sojourn he returned to South Carolina, and remaining a few years, emigrated with his family about the year 182.5. He settled in this precinct. John Taggart a brother of Daniel C, who came to the county about the same time, took part in the Black Hawk war. Daniel C Taggart had nine children, six sons and three daughters. John, David, William, Amos, Jane, Ellen, Margaret, Francis and Robert. All are dead but David, William, and Amos. William Taggart, a brother of Amos, served in the Mexi- can war, in company C, of the 2d 111. Vol. Inf, under Cap- tain Crow. He was a participant in the battle of Buena Vista. Amos Taggart is a member of the old debating socir ty, mentioned in the latter part of this chapter. Alexander M. Wilson, living on sections 6 and 7, came from Duchess county, New York, in 1837. He first settled on Lively Prairie. He had to encounter but few of the vicissitudes connected with the first settlement of the county. He followed the business of farming until the breaking out of the late war, when he entered the service and attained the rank of captain in the oOth Ills. Vol. Inf Toward the close of the war he was commissioned major, and appointed to duty in the Commissary Department. He continued in this department until after the surrender of General Joseph Johnson, in North Carolina, when he returned to the more peaceful pursuits of farm life In 1842 Mr Wilson married Susan Young, a daughter of John Young, who came from Pennsylvania to Illinois among the early settlers. He served in the Black Hawk war. The father of Mr. Wilson was named Alexander Murray W^ilson. The following are some of the first land entries in Blair precinct. They are in township 6 N., range 6 W. April 10th, 1815, Wm. Morrison entered south half, sec- tion 3, 320 acres. April 21st, 1815, John Pillars entered the S. E. quarter of section 4, 160 acres. Jan. 16th, 1818, David Lovney entered the E. half, N. W. quarter, section 3, 71 acres. Oct. 3d, 1818. Charles Glover entered the W- half, S. W. quarter, section 4, 80 acres. BI.AIR TILLAGE. This little village lies almost due south from Sparta, and is located on sections 2, 3, 34, 35. It derived its name from Thomas C. Blair. On making an application for a post office at the place, there being no name designated, it was suggested that Mr. Blair's own name be given. And it was accordingly called Blair. He was appointed the first postmaster, and was also the first justice of the peace. He built the first house. It was a frame, and put up in the year 1859. Mr. Blair also opened and kept the first store. He came from county Antrim, Ireland, in the year 1842. The village is on the Chester and Sparta road, and the buildings extend along the cross formed by the intersection of that by the townshi|) road running east and west. It has some neat frame dwellings. One very fine farm-house stands on the Chester road on the .southern limit, that would o-raceany town. The population is about two hundred. There are in this neat quiet village, two church edifices, 0. S. Presbyterian and Southern Methodist. The former was erected a cost of $3,200. The latter, 82,400. Rev. A W. Wright was the first pastor of the Presbyterian, and Uev. L Duckworth of the Methodist church. The first physician was Dr. Milton Hubbard, he was succeeded by Dr. J. F. White, and he by Dr. J. L. Mathews. The village has the following business, viz. : Store for Genend Merchandise. — Owned by the Blair Brothers, nephews of Thomas C. Blair. Pod 0/^ce.— Postmaster, Robert J. Blair. Justice of the Peace.— S. Boggs. Blacksmith.— Fred. Hartley. Wagon Maker. — James Hartley, also justice of peace. Flour Mill. — Having a capacity for one hundred barrels daily, is owned by W E. Brown. It gives employment to three hands. Saw Mill- — Owned by the same, runs in connection with the grist mill. There are two school houses near the village on sections two and thirty-five. There is a coal mine one and a quarter miles northeast of the village, owned by George Stanway. It gives employment to three men, and yields a fine quality of bitimmous coal, used mainly by the farmers in the neigh- borhood. BREEMEN RANDOLPH COUNTY. S situated in the scutlicast of the centra' part of the county, and comprises por- . tions of T. 6 and 7 S. R. 6 W., the - greater part being in Town G. It con- tains twenty six sections or about ltj,640 acres, and had in 1880 a population of 703. The general surface is rolling, which becomes quite rugged in many places on iijjproaching the various water courses, which are u.-iually lined with a narrow belt of timber. The principal streams are Mary's river, which flows across the southeastern portion of the precinct, forming its southern boundary, and Little Mary's river and Pillars' creek, which water and drain the western and northern portions of the precinct. The Wabash and Chester Railroad traverses diagonally througli the southeastern pari, crossing Mary's river twice within her borders. Breemen is one of the best improved bodies of land in the county The farmers are a thrifty, hard-working, industrious class, many of them Germans. Much attention is given to manuring the lands, which have been so long neglected, and they are being well paid for their labor. As a rule thefe are no better farm buildings to be found in Randolph county, than in the little precinct of Breemen. The country abounds in finely made farms, beautiful groves and orchard.-^, and well made roads. The soil is productive, and yields abundant crops of all kinds of grain, fruit and vegetables. The first permanent settler to locate within the limits of Breemen was undoubtedly Robert Tindall, in the year 180J. He was from Chester county, South Carolina, and located on Sec. '■)'!, T. G S., R. 6 W., on the old Fleming place. It was here, on the banks of the small tributary of Little Mary creek, that he commenced the erection of a small water mill which, before its completion, was swept away by the floods. He soon after erected a horse mill, near his cabin, which served a good purpose, and was a great convenience to the early settlers. There is no doubt but that this small rude aflair was in those days a great inducement for the pioneers to locate near it. Mr. Tindell was a valuable man in this thinlv peopled country, and one who was greatly esteemed by his brother pioneers. He spent a life of usefulness. His sons Reuben and Robert are well remembered by many of the citizens. Tindell, was soon followed by others, many of whom remained only a short period in the settlement. John Lacy, a. South Carolinian, located here in 1804. He was probably the next permanent settler. The Harmon settle- ment, just west of the western bouudarv line of this pre- 59 cinct, was the next settlement, and it filled up rapidly Michael Harmon, a native of Tennes.see, was the founder, and resided there until his death. This settlement does not properly belong to this chapter, and is mentioned fully in another part of this work. At this late date it is impossible to give the names or the history of the settlers as they came in, but we can only write a short account from the meager data collected from the memories of the few old pioneers. Prior to the war of 1812, and the Indian hostilities resulting therefrom, the settlers were few, and in many instances they were separated many miles from each other. During those troubles there were many Indian depredations committed within the limits of Randolph county, but so far as we can learn, this little band of hardy pioneers fortunately escaped harm from the hands of the savages, although like all they were in constant alarm. When an attack was expected, these settlers sought refuge either in Fort Gage or at Georgetown (Steelesville.) The war over, and treaties of peace made with the Indians, the country began rapidly filling up with emi grants from the southern and eastern states. James McFarland came from South Carolina, and settled here iu 1817. His son, Andrew McFarland, lived in the neighborhood until his death, a few years ago. John Foresee was another very early arrival, and came from Virginia, bringing a wife and fannly, consisting of girls, viz. : Susie, who married Josei)h Robinson ; Sally, who became the wife of Jeflerson Robinson ; Betsey, the wife of Bryant Axom ; Polly, the wife of Assac Laird, and Lovina, who married Joseph Lively. All are now dead. Mr. Foersee purchased 100 acres of land of Col. John Edgar, upon which he settled, and which was known for many years as the old Foresee place, in the N. E. quarter of section 14. He improved a good farm and remained on it until his death. Isaac Oliver, a man of family, located at a very early day, improved a farm and remained a resident of the precinct for many years. Breemen can boast of having within her limits one among the oldest settlers now living in the county, — Joseph Lively. He is a son of Shadrach Lively aud a grandson of Joseph Lively, the original one of the name to come to this country. He, the grandfather of Joseph Lively, came from Abbeville, South Carolina, in 180.5, and first settled three miles north of Kaskaskia, in Florence precinct. He remained there until 182.3, when he moved and settled iu the lower end of Opossumden prairie, and one year later settled the Camp- bell place, in sec. 18, tp. G S., range 5 W. He was an industrious aud benevolent man ; he died here in 1833. His sons were Amos, Shadrach, Enoch, Richard, James and 465 466 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. Reuben, none of whom are now living. They were all farmers, and among the best citizens of the county, from whom a numerous progeny have sprung. John Lively, a brother of old Joseph Lively, came with his brother, and afterward permanently located in a beautiful prairie on sec. 4 of tp. 5 S., range 6 W., which has ever since borne the name of Lively prairie. Joseph Lively, son of Shadrach, who now lives on sec. 25 of tp. 6, range 6, was born in 1804, consequently one year old when he came to the county with his lather's family. He is a native of Abbeville county, South Carolina. The party came in four-horse wagons, with but little household furniture and with little means; they lived in rough, unhewed Ing cabins. After arriving at ma- turity he married Lovina Foresee, daughter of John Foresee, above mentioned. About 1829 he purchased of Alexander Donaldson 280 acres of land, being in the E. half of section 25. This was unimproved land. He erected a hewed log house upon the tract and began improvements. He is still living on the old place, now over seventy- eight years of age. In his younger days Mr. Lively was a great hunter, and spent much of his time in pursuit of game. Then the deer and wild turkey and all kinds of game were abundant. He sold much of his game in St. Louis every season ; his load consisted of from twenty to thirty deer, besides a number of wild turkeys. He relates that he has killed hundreds of wolves, and that he killed the last one that was caught in this part of the country about twenty years ago. He raised a family of seven children. Early land entries. — December 23, 1819, John Rowland entered the W. i of the S. W. i of section 14, 80 acres; October 17, 1818, John Mahan entered W. J of N. E. i of section 17, 80 acres; August 20, 1818, John Vineyard en- tered the W. i of S. E. } of section 32, 80 acres. The above are all in township 6 south, range 6 west. The first orchard was set out by Joseph Lively on his place in section 25. He purchased the trees from a nursery up the Mississippi river a few miles. Isaac ^liver had a cider press in early days. Sandy Campbell was the first justice of the peace in this neighborhood. Dr. Ashby Jones was the first to practice medicine here. The earliest school was taught by Ezekiel Robbins, in a log house in the N. W. } of section 27. He continued teaching in the neighbor- hood for a number of years. The first school-house was built on the N. E. i of section 26, and was about 25x25 feet in size, constructed of logs. It was in this building that the first preaching was done, by the Revs. John Crane and Bowers, both Methodists. Ephraim Joy also preached here at a very early day. The Evangelical Lutheran de- nomination erected the first church in the precinct in 1840. It is now superseded by a handsome brick with sandstone trimmings, which was erected at a cost of $9,000. The old graveyard on the N. E. i of section 26 is the first public burying ground in the precinct. The ground was deeded for that purpose by Job Laird as early as 1830, and his wife was the first buried there. VILLAGE OF RANDOLPH. This place was laid out on the old Sparta and Chester road by Hiram Chapman, and surveyed and platted by Samuel Thompson, deputy county surveyor, September 12, 1839, and the plat recorded in the office of the circuit clerk, October 16, 1839. This road, in early days, was quite a thoroughfare. About 1850, it was partially planked, and a great deal of grain and flour was hauled over it to the Mis- sissippi river, before the building of the railroad. It has again became a dirt road. About 1850, John Wood kept a small grocery and liquor establish- ment there. In a few years the Germans began flocking into the vicinity, and through their industry and prudence the country around became more prosperous. In 1856, Isaac Lehnherr, erected a good store-house, and laid in a well selected stock of goods and began doing a brisk trade. The post-office which had been established, a short time pre- viously, just south of the village.was moved into the place in the winter of 1856. It was called Breemen, which name it still retains. Mr. Buckman soon afterward opened a store, and several workshops were soon being operated in the vicinity. A school-house was erected at St. John's church in 1856. A school-house was erected in 1879. The place is now quite a brisk little inland village, and considerable business is being done there. Among the business men and tradesmen of 1882, we will mention the following : General Merchandise — William Buckman, also P. M. and Henry Schroeder. Drugs and Physicians.- — Henry Adderly. Wagon Maker. — E. F. Sick. Tailor — John Struss. Dress Maker. — Miss Eliza Dillman. Shoe Maker. — John Dannenbrink. KOCKWOOD RANDOLPH COUNTY. fills precinct is situated in the extreme southeastern part of the county, and lies on tiie Mississippi. It comprises geographically portions of townships seven and eight soutli, and ranges five and six west. The surface generally is hilly and rough, and on approaching the Mississippi terminates in a high range of abrupt bluffs, extending along the river. Almost the entire territory was originally heavily wooded, and much of it is still in that condition. The soil of these uplands is quite productive. There is an area of bottom belonging to the precinct, which including Mary's River, Liberty and Sheep islands, perhaps does not exceed two thousand acres. Mary's River island, formerly called Crane's, from John Crane, who was the original settler of it and who died there in 1850, lies in the Mississippi and constitutes a part of township seven and eight south, range six west. It has an area of about one thousand acres, less than one-fourth of which lies in Chester precinct. Much of it is under cultivation. Liberty island, now with doubtful propriety so called, is a level area of about seven hundred acres of land, lying in the Mississippi, and in 1880, had a population of 988. The streams that supply water and drainage, are Mary's River, Little Nile, Degognia, Hiskison, and Jones creeks. The three former, together with the Mississippi, constitute, of the mainland, a peninsula. The timber is of an excellent character, and abundant. The soil is rich, and but little attention is paid to fertilizing. Wheat is the staple, though corn is raised, and yields abundantly in the bottoms. Fruit grows well and is exten- sively cultivated. The first settlement in Kockwood precinct was made in 1802 by Benjamin Crane, on section 22, township", range G. He had seven sons, Benjamin, Squire, William, James, Joel, Lewis and John. They settled about the mouth of Mary's river and on the island opposite, which once bore the family name. The next settlement was made by Elmsley Jones^ within the present limits of Kockwood village, as early as 1804. The small creek that flows through the village still bears his name. He was the first man capitally punished in the county. The execution occurred at Kaskaskia, in 180.5, James Gilbreath being then sheriff. Jones murdered a man named Reed, of Jackson county with whom he had quar- reled. John Hickman built a cabin on the river at Kock- wood village, in 180.5. The site has long since been swept away by the current. John Manskcr was originally from the neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky. In 1801 he brought his family to Missouri and settled opposite section 11, where he remained about six years. He then came to Randolph county, and in 1807, located on Liberty formerly called Mansker island, where he remained till 1813, when he settled on section 10. The site of this settlement has been swept away. Samuel Mansker, son of the above, was born near Louisville, Kentucky, in 1795. He went to Missouri, with his father at the age of six years, and came along to Liberty Island, at the age of twelve. About 1816 or '17 he married Nancy Crawford and settled on the N. E. i of sec- tion 11, where he improved a good farm, much of which has been swallowed up by the river. He still lives on the old farm at the age of eighty-six, the oldest pioneer in the precinct and probably in the county. He was four times married and is now living with his fourth wife. He had a large family of children, seven of whom are now living. John Hindman was a native of Ireland, and about the year 1800. came to Kentucky where he married Ann Gaston. He remained here about five or six years, when he came with his family to Randolph county. He and his wife walked all the way, he leading a filly that bore upon his back, in a sort of basket, his two sons and only children, Robert, then about four, and Alexander two years of age. In 1806 he settled on the S. E. i of the S. W. } of section 22, where he put up a cabin and remained about two years, and then moved to the N. E. i of the N. W. i of section 2-3, where he died in 1826 or '26. His wife survived him for a period of time. Robert died unmarried at the age of twenty-two years. Alexander married Sarah, daughter of Alexander Barber, at the age of twenty-two, and in 1826 settled on the old homestead, in section 23, where he lived about five years. He then moved to the S. E. \ of the N. W. i of section 12, where he entered eighty acres of land and built a stone house still standing, in which he lived about twenty years and then moved to the S. W. i of the N. E. 1 of section 12, where he built a frame house in which he still resides, at the age of seventy-six. He has seven children living, John, Samuel, Alexander Jr., James H., Ann, Emeliue, and Sarah. Alexander, on the S. W. i of the S. E. t of section 1, township 8 south, range 6 west. Ann. Emeline and Sarah live in the precinct. The Bilderback family settled first in the neighborhood of Kaskaskia in 1802. In 1818, William and Charles came to Rockwood precinct and entered land in section 7. They became permanent residents. Charles died in 1849. .\lcx- ander Barber, was a native of Connecticut. He came to the county from Ohio in 1804, and first settled on the east side of Kaskaskia river in the Bilderback settlement not far 467 468 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. from Riley's mill. He came to the preciuct in 1825, and located about two miles north of Rockwood. In 1834, he settled on section 18, and purchased land. His first wife was Nancy Dennis, whom he married at Marietta, Ohio. He was a skilful millwright in his day and erected a mill on his farm. He held the office of justice of the peace for a period exceeding forty years, and was the first justice in the precinct. He died in 18G1, leaving a widow who had been his second wife. Henry Clendinen was of Scotch descent, and came to the county from Kentucky, and in 1818, en- tered eighty acres of land in section -4. He brought along with him his wife and sis grown children. He died in 1851. Descendants of the family are still living in the precinct- prominent among whom is Dr. M. W. Clendinen of Rock, wood village. George Sebastian came to the precinct in 1830, from Kentucky. In that state he married Nancy, daughter of Leonard Carter, who settled on the N. W. i of section 23, as early as 1820. He remained here but a short time and then went to Rockwood village, and finally to Jackson county, where he became a prosperous farmer. B. F. Sebastian was born in the county in 1838 The first settler on Sheep Island was George W. Steele. He built a cabin and began improvement here in 1837. He was soon after drowned and was succeeded in ownership by William Burns, who was the last occupant. Near the S. W. corner of section 16, was an old French fortification of earthwork. Traces of it which have disap- peared in the course of husbandry, were visible about twenty years ago. Not far from this point on the bank of Degognia creek, now lost to view, was visible only a few years since the grave of Degognia, an old Indian, or, as the name would seem to indicate, a Frenchman, whose history lies beyond the shadowy land even of tradition. Near the center of section 17, on a slight elevation now the site of George Cooper's residence, stood an old log cabin. This elevation on digging for the foundation of Mr. Cooper's house proved to be an Indian burial place from which were exhumed skele- tons in a sitting posture. But few of them were removed. Among the bones taken out was a massive jaw bone, which must have been the property of a giant. Pottery of dif- ferent designs was found. A vase, which was in a good state of preservation, contained a species of red powder. The oldest burial place in the precinct is just north of the Eben- ezer school-house on the S. } of section 5. An early inter- ment here was that of Henry Clendinen. Samuel Mansker improved the first farm. VILLAGE OF ROCKWOOD. The first to occupy the site of the village which was for- merly called Liberty, was probably Elmsley Jones, already referred to. Samuel Mansker built the second, if not the first house, within her limits. The first store was estab- lished by James McCormick. In 1832 John Stearns, who immigrated from Kentucky, laid off the town into lots. January 20, 1836, Samuel Mansker and Joab Parks had it surveyed and platted by James Thompson, county surveyor. The plat was recorded in the office of the circuit clerk, July 25, 1836. It was soon after sought by a number of enter- prising men. Among them was Captain W. B. Charles, who had followed the Mississippi for a number of years. His boat was laid up here, and during his suspense he concluded to become a resident, which he continued to be for a number of years, and then removed to Litchfield. Illinois, and there died. About this time James Dean, Harvey Clendinen, Samuel Barber, Dr. Manning, Thomas Frazier, E. G. Hall and many others came to the place and gave to it quite an impetus. Mansker, Clendinen and Barber established a store, and did an extensive business in the purchase and shipment of grain. The town was incorporated in the year 1837, with William B. Charles, Nathaniel Manning, Jacob Parks, John Stearns and John D. Stearns as trustees. John Stearns was chosen president, and Harvey Clendinen, clerk. About this time the citizens built a wharf, which was used for a number of years. Two years prior to this, in 1835, the first school-house, a hewed log structure, was built. At this school-house was preached, by the Reverend Mr. Reasonerj the first sermon delivered at a public place in the village. The first resident physician was Dr. Higgins. John Gray established a blacksmith shop as early as 1837. The Presby- terian church was organized in 1844 by Rev. C. C. Riggs. Its meetings were held iu the school-house. The church building, a brick structure, was built in 1860. The school- house is a frame building. About 1855, the name of the viUage was changed from Liberty, and that of the post-office from Jones' Creek to Rockwood, an appellation in keeping with the natural surroundings of the place. In this year some of the citizens of the town and vicinity organized a joint stock company and began the building of a mill, which was completed and set in operation the next year. When built it was one of the largest class of merchant mills. It was burned in 1863, and rebuilt by J. B. Holmes, of Chester, at a cost of 821,000. It is now owned by Samuel H. Canaday, of New Orleans, and leased and operated by H. B. Brown and Son. It is a stone, three-story basement and attic, sixty by forty mill, and has a capacity of about one himdred and forty barrels a day. It is equipped with a system of elevators, and has three run of four feet burrs. The engine room, like the mill proper, is built of dressed sand-stone. There is a cooper shop attached which employs ten hands. About twenty years ago Rockwood was one of the largest wood markets on the Mississippi. Prior to the construction of the railroads that extend through the county, it was a cen- ter of shipment for much of the interior, and was as such, at a period of its history, superior to Chester. Shipments of goods were received here for the merchants of Red Bud. The trade sustained a terrible blow by the change in the course of the river, which placed the village commercially nearly a mile inland. In 1860 it contained five dry goods stores, two grocery stores, one wagon shop, two blacksmitli shops, one chair factory, one boot and shoe shop, one cooper shop, one hotel and three physicians. Population in 1880 numbers 231. PRESENT BUSINESS. Physicians. — William Vance, J. C. Barber, M. W. Clen- dinen, J. N. Taylor. General Merchandise. — G. W. Walters. General Merchandise and Drurevious to their settlement here, in which a great many of the braves were killed on both sides, and in their running fight were left unburied. John Hutchings built his first cabin on the N. W. qr. of sec 19, tp 4, range 2, which he entered July 2-5, l.><17. He built a two-story house ntar the original cabin, which was known as the " Traveler's Inn " for a number of years; this building stood for upward of fifty years. William Hutchings first built in the south side of the Hutchings' prairie; in 1810 he re- moved to what is now known as the Watson place, where he resided till his death, about ten years after he came here. John R. Hutchings, oldest son of William Hutchings, is pretty familiarly known throughout the county, having been one of the early schoolmasters and Baptist ministers. He aided in the organization of our county in 1827, and was one of the commissioners to locate Pinckneyville as the county seat, and subsequently served as county judge. Wesley W. Hutchings, who has kindly furnished the facts and dates of this precinct, through Mr. Todd, for this chap ter, is the onlv surviving member of the family of William Hutchings, the first pioneer. He lives in Three Mile Prairie, Washington county, highly esteemed by all who know him_ He was born at the new pioneer home, Oct. 4, 1822, on the east side of the creek. Mrs. Marv Rice (wife of Hiram Rice, deceased), daughter of John Hutchings. is the only surviving member of that emigrant train of eighteen persons who made their homes in the territory of the precinct in May, 1816. She was five 60 years old when her father came to Illinois. The nearest settlement to the Hutchings' when they settUd on Beaucoup was RatlifT's or Sawyer's Point, as it was called, about fifteen miles distant, in Washington county. Mr. Hutchings says it was no uncommon thing for the whole family to start afoot early on Sabbath morning to attend preaching at Ratliff's Point and get back home before night. 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Charles Hatcher for Saw Mill and Francis Harris . :1 ■J ■■c 1 .a i fe,£ ££,» E li; E^ gS I Ei;.| »|-5; S Si = ■.■;.-:,■ -.i Is I^I^Eigiggi g£g&|£ te e:^£^S££Si£^££a:i£Se.3£E£c ^fe££ci^fe££g^£-j£^fe^i£^'£^^j[^g^^.^fa^ H — = p I ^ ..... .^ ...... .^ .^ ::::::::« ::::::::::::::= : : oft!" kSko £5t.m SmSm 5mi£ aS.3 n-'an. z g^'g^S i^l"? if = H il":? ill 5.1- :s^^-« S :SffiKlf ?'fls?I-| = lll«ll|l5|g--ffl||£>-|B=fSi -11111 ? fcl.lllllsfi":-| o t'iJ c-r-c"^ « I c-gS = = £■? £"2 £0".^ = = £ c = c g t.S'^'S-cS S .|g = c c fe .= g « ; § g c'g'gSS g = ft< :::l:!^;t:'i . . .E .^ .1 .1 ! n ! . ! ! :lp-: :M£.goa . «:es?.=.s r in Clo thert. . inreh . challer J c £ i- to ''J.foU ^- S^c.o2^.|*l?2 '2-o'g-o" OB aa ■ -^ i-a'^oo^?=-£'fe°iEc**3S^«"«oa=o'§"a'SE-gSj«-g-g«§S--go,£^*=gJj3)S«-s.S WKfci!<««SSmSSSoJcb-i£i3«!n«^J«H«"«-=:«S> o^jSo-bnSSisjn -O ir'c'SoSot 'rt ^ ""S^O-^ G-S'?rt _ w H P O ^lc-«lsil^S"°E J rt E ^ c >.-cpq.^ kS ^^^ O Eh CO 1 1 li§iii§|Sig§iilili| CO W C5 !zi < H CO eu 1— 1 K CO Jissiiiiliiii iiiiiii i i 11111111111111 iiiiiill "lliiii Randolph Co., Ill Randolph Co., Ill ShenandoahCoVa Perry Co , Mo. . Randolph Co., Ill Germany .... Gerniany .... Randolph Co., Ill Randolph Co., Ill Germany .... Germany .... Posing, Ger . . . Germany .... Smytlie Co!, 'Tenii Randolph Co., Ill Germany .... Randolph 'Co.,'lil Germany .... Randolph 'ca.'lil Germany .... Bondolph Co., Ill St. Clair Co., Ill . Randolph Co., HI North Wales. . . Randolph Co., Ill Randolph Co., Ill Suelzc Han'r.Oei Randolph Co., II, Gerniany .... Chester Co., S. i Randolph Co., Ill Germany .... Randolph 'co.,'lii Hanover, Ger . . Germany .... Randolph Co., lii Alabama Crawford Co., . Late wife of Joseph Lively .... Farmer and Carpenter Wile of Charles H. F. Lindharsi . Farmer vy lie of Valentine Meyer Wii,. of James McNnbnay . . . . Wil, of Henry Schnoeker . . . . 1', 11, ral Merchandise \\ il,. of Henry Schroeder. . . . . \s il.. of Friedrick Sternberg . . . \\ 11,- of Louis Sternberg I'li.'i wife of Charles Tegtmeyer . I'l, s,,iit wife of Charles 'legtnieyer Fl 1 SI wileof Francis i'hiea . ! ! ! Present wife of Francis Thies . . Wife of Amos Tag'gart .'.'.'.'.'. c c a> 1 3 t. M 1 3 ] sS xS b i .SI II Fanner Wileof John Beare, Jr .... Firttwifeof Joseph Hahn . . Present wile of Joseph Hahn . (Farmer and PrpT BfiiH' Ferry Wileof B. B. ifarmon .... Wileof Miciiael Kavanaligii .' Farmer 1 Father of Hen'ry 4 Chiir's'Tilma Motherof Henry* Char's Tilmn Fanner. .... Wile of Thurston Thomas . . Farmer Farmer Wile of C. D. Wassell iFurming Farmer Wileof John H.G. Clasen . Relircd Farmer Fanner and Justice of the Pe Wile of Leonard t'risler . '. Fanner and Stone Mason . . Farmer Wileof William H.Ebers . Farmer and stock Raiser . . Wile of Diedrich Heitmann Karmor Wile of Friedrick Hogralo . Farmer First wile of George Harmon Present wife of George Harm See. 13 . . . Sec. 13 . . . Survey 601 . 1807 Survey .'ail . Sec. U . . . Sec. 13 . . . Survey 278 . Survey 478 , Survey 478 . 1879 Survey 478 . Survey 480 . Survey 480 . Survey 2u8 . Survey '298 . Survey 441 . Survey 441 . .cc Sec. 32 Sec. 34 Sec. 34 See. . 1881 . . Sec. 35 Sec. 35 Blair . 1840. . Sec. 18 occ. 18 Sec. 34 1803 . . Sec. 20 Sec. 20 Sec. 22 Sec. 22 Sec. 22 Sec. 22 See. 19 1872 . . Sec. 19 Sec. . 1874. . Sec. . Sec. . Sec. '20 Sec. -20 Sec. 25 1876 . . Sec. 18 See. 18 Sec. 38 Sec. 30 Sec. 8 . Sec. 8 . See. 27 Sec. 27 Randolp Randolp Sec. 15 See. 15 Sec. 17 Sec. 17 Sec. 20 1803. . Sec. 20 Sec. •M 1873. . Sec. 20 Sec. 4 . Sec. 4 . Ellis Grove . Modoc . . . Died Aug. 6, Modoc . . . Ellis Grove . Kaskaskia '. Modoo . . '. Died Mar. '2-2, e Modoc . . . Ellis Grive '. Chester . . . Bremen . . . Bremen . . . Blair .... Died Dec. 17, Brem,-ii . . . Bremen . . . Blair .... Died Sept'br, Diam'd Cross Bremen . . . Died June, Bremen . . . Diam'd Cross Died Sept. 10 Diam'd Cross Blair .... Died Sept. 23, Blair .... Blair .... Chester . . . Chester . . . Bremen . . . Died Oct. 4 Diam'd Cross Diam'd Cross Welga. . . . Welga. . . . Diain'd Cross Diam'd Cross Bremen. . . BlairJ ..'.'! Bremen . . . Died Feb. 14 Bremen. . . Bremen . . . Died Oct. 17 Bremen . . . Blair .... i'* il :::::::::::::::::: : glillilliil •fi'i|lj|,'i ■J.s ■■.■.■.■■.■.-y:.h::::i ■^1.= ifti |S ■ =11 = if ,' 5_'P . . .|S s :«l!:=:|;|:'.i=il?^-,sl ■c-« •5| l;-f d a H 8 1 1 o H CD W CO (z; i i 1 s ■* i 1 1 S S 'i 5 5 5 'i s ; I s i liiUli -Izinlll lliii^'- '-iU TOWNSHIP 8 SOUTH, RANGE 5 WEST. Uhii'Liz iliziM-'-iM iiliili: ^- :'- -"-"^ ~.---^~ '-^^ ."Si: •§ •• • ■""= Randolph Co., Ill Wood Co., Vn . . Randolph Co., Ill Strasbiirg, Pa . . Randolph Co., Ill Ky . . . . " . ". Randolph Co., Ill Jackson Co., Ill . Ireland Ireland England .... Randolph Co., Ill Randolph Co., Ill Ky . . '^. . . '. . Randolph Co., Ill Paris, F"'rance . . Mead Co,. Ky . . Farmer Wife OfDanielT. Malone Father of J. P. Mathes .Mother of J. P. Mathes First wile of John Morrison.. . . Present wife of John Morrison . . Farmer Wife of A. J. Opp Wife of James Pickett Fariii.M- Wil,- ,.| William F. Reickenberg . (Wife .1 Williiim Ruhrede Pro|.ri..|. r .1 Miller Coal Mine . . Wile..| u ,1 Rury First U ,1. .1 (1. VI. Suesberry. . . 'Present .iiio of G. W. Suesberry. . Farmer VVifo of William H. Stephens . . . w"il'e of R.H. Short'. '. .' .' .' '. '. '. Proprietor of Alma Mills Father of E. F.. Stinde Mother of E. P. Stinde Father of John F. Thomas j.Mother of John F. Thomas . . . Pro. & Owner of Alma Woolen Mills Wife of John H. Thies [Wife of Gottlieb Weber [Farmer First wife of Henry Woberling . . .Second wife of Henry Weherling . Present wife of Henry Weherling Farmer and Stock Rearer Iwife of Aaron Wilson. ... . . . IGeueral Blacksmith Farmer and Stock Raiser Wife of Frank W. Crain Father of Frank W. Crain .... Motherof Frank W. Crain .... Physician and Surgeon Late wife of M. W.CIendinen . . . Farmer Father of j.' H. 4 B.' H. 'cieiidiiieii Mother of J. H. A B. H. Clendinen Blacksmith 4 Dl'r in Agri'l implts v\ife of John L. Crane Retired Late wife of Thomas Kelly .... Wife of Benjamin Richards . . . First wife of B. F. .Sebastian . . . [Present wife of B. F. Sebastian . . Farmer iFirst wife of John Tudor ILate wife of John Tudor 1 1861 18159 . . . Steeiesville . Sec. 34. . . . Sec. 34. . . . .Sec. 1 . . . . Sec. 1 . . . . Steeiesville . .Sec. 27.. . ! Sec. '22. . . . Sec. 22. . . . 1870 Sec. 15 . . . . Steeiesville . Sec. a. . . '. Sec. 8 . . . . Sec. 30 . . . . Sec. 'l9. '. '. '. Sec. 19. . . . Steeiesville . Sec. 8 . . . . Sec. 8 . . . . Sec. 33 . . . Sec. 33 . . . Rockwood 1881 Sec. . . . . ISec. . . . . '1881 1 1880 Rockwood Sec. 8 . . . ! 1872 1808 Sec. 4 . . . . 1880 Sec. 9 . . Sec. 9 . . Sec. 13. . Sec. 13.. Sec. 13. . See. 22. . Sec. 22 . . Sec. 10. . 1804 . . . Sec. 10. . Percy . . Steelesvi'll See. 6 . . Sec. 5 . . ,, See. 9 . . See. 9 . . See. 14. . Sec. 14 . . SteelesvUl« . Percy .... Steeiesville '. Died Jan. 7, Steeiesville . Percy .... SteelesTille °. Percy .... Died Sept. 24, Died Mar. 1 Steeiesville . Percy .... Steeiesville ■ Died Feb. 2 Steeiesville . Died . . . . ; Died Steeiesville . Rockwood . Died Jan. 18 Rockwood . Died July 6 Died Feb. 28 Rockwood . Died July 6 Rockwooil . Died March,' Rockwood . Died Febru'y Died Febru'y Crain, Frank W Coiiti'ut E. ClendineD. . Criiin. .Iiiines Criiiii.l'li.be (nee Morris) CI liii.-ii, M. W . . . . Lyilii A- Wagner .... Cl,-i,.lii„i,, J.H Cli-ii.liii,ii, B. H .... Cl.ii„liii,ii,JohnH. . . . Cl.-ii,lii,,ii, Mary E. (nee Craii... .lohn L . (Vickera Margaret Ann Burns . . Kelly, Thomas Elizabeth Kelly (nee An- Richards, Benj . (derson Marget A. Clendinen . . Sebastian, B. F Alevie Underhill .... Sophia Lawder Tudor. John Eliza Richards Mary A. Barnfield . . . Malone, Daniel T . . . 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' '■% '■ z X » s ■ ■ : ■% il|^.iSs^|>|i|5f - J5 i i^^fl^ll s c-« slHll j:<:>'U:<:u:<:^^t<:a:ai»::iiMS'SS ti:ut-:<:s»:u-i-]>J M^^ ■pemag 1 iliiliiilli 1 . >• ■< Germany .... Philadefphia, Pa Germany .... Monr.ie Co., Ill . Jefferson Co., Mo Monroe Co., Ill . Germany .... Germany .... Gerninny .... Germany .... Germany .... Germwny .... Germany .... I ;■":'•" General Merchant First wile of Emil Bereer. . . Present wife of Emil Berger . Grain Dealer First wife of W. D. Druce . . Present wife of W. D. Druce . Pastor St. Patrick's Church . . Farmer Late wife of Louie Grossmann Farmer and Stock Raiser . . Wife of Henry Schneider . . . Farmer and Stock Raiser . . . Wife of Christian Von Ende . 1 :||illlillll ^'*Ir5i3^?^SlS ■S*u?IoIn3'IraInSi*2SS3SSS3*^*~?'?SS*'*"2'*5*S'"*'*5?^"^* 6^-52 ■'■25o26 >.5o5-jJ5w'^ . >,>.oc3>.tScj S>,>.^-m3| ■(5'2-3-35? s ■ ■ •& s 1 OS S of Frederick Meyer . . wife of HenryNiebi^uegge u»i i-ji ■ ■ ' 'S of James Bamber . . of William 'f: Bamber her of Lewis Brokaw . . of William' C'. Cairns' wife of Green Crowde id wife of Grcn Crow J wife of Green Crowde nt wife of Green Crow ng Machine Agent , . of Charles F. W. Doerr wife of'c'hirles Flarka of Saloon & Boarding c .- .1 S of Charles L. James hantand Farmer . . of Thomas C. James cian and Surgeon . .. of William A. James ician and Surgeon . . of G. P. Livingstone rietor Monroe i:ity Mill of Valentine Lupfer ietor Hotel and Saloon of Matthis Laubenthal ietor of Saloon . . . of John Ladner . . . ral Blaoksmithing . . of John Markle . . . 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Roots tock Raiser Williams. . Williams . . Williams . and St Josiah ck Rai Lveia Brick Willia and fe Willia and J feof P wife of wife o Pres fe of wifeo and S F. A. )f F. A ofF. A S'B.S'oaj'oS'oaiS'^'^S^CajO'-^ E,*"",* E,£ E..t ElJ g S Es S E.a.5-S £^fcSfcSfcS££(»£fc££i£S[£a '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 'M'^ '. '.^ '.'.'.'. '. 2 £ g S S4fcS£-^S Q H (3 S aSSSt-'S-^ ~ J'^ ' "5" C ■ ='?i! -Ji"^ •- ■ • -a ■ ■« -og ■ S.S: -.iO ■a ■ •ES,-.3d • fe 5; • — S«'S» ■^ £^ ^'-^ rf a! o rt— £■" o-^ fe"- S~ fe"- fe'"" §■ 6^safe^-;fai£s&.^'-jg&-^fc»&-^faSfe^ai D03.cQaiaDrotgt/: — q 3 .^ 3 ■- P ^ Q coQQQca g3 .S «=0-=-o aSo »^t -io= E = '3'S3 = «S» .=^0"S-«» -S f"B" ■|5 = 3 |£-gWW-<0'S-g.c2:g.SJa|2| jj^-S E««Hl^slszSSZ.2fij'mwlwMWSw^ .o .S 3 tf -P -'-1'3 fcl S«3.iMi, ,s. Sl7. Right . if \--. ii.l.lv ;..,,! l'etili..n ns. Elccti .ii~ f" I.. K..- :iu.l Equal. ] 19. What l-.iuw ..iislit I" I.e. ^20. Fundamental Principles. ? 1. All men are by nattare free and independent, and have certain inliereiU and inalienable rights — among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To .secure these rights and the protection of property, governme-it« are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the gov- erned. I 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property, without (\\H'. process of law. I 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worshij), without discrimination, shall forever be guaranteed ; and no person shall be denied any civil or political right, privi- lege or capacity, on account of his religious opinions; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be construed to dispense with oaths or affirmations, e.\cuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the State. No person shall be required to attend or support any min- istry or place of worship against his consent, nor shaU any pref- erence be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of worship. ? 4. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all subjects, being responsible for the abu.se of that liberty; and in all trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth, when pub- lished with good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be a suffi- cient defense. I 5. The right of trial by jury as heretofore enjoyed shall re- main inviolate; but the trial of civil cases before justices of the peace by a jury of less than twelve men, may be authorized by law. i 6. The right of the peojile to be secure in their persons, h»uses, papers and clfccts, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall iint lie viulatcd ; and no warrant shall issue with- out probable cause, supiiorted by affidavit, particularly describ- ing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. I 7. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or the presump- tion great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus sliall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasicm the public safety may reijuire it. i 8. No person shall be _ held to answer for a criminal offense, unless on indictment of a grand jury, except in cases in which the punishment is by fine, or imprisonment otherwise than in the jienitentiary, in cases of imiwaehmcnt, and^in cases arising in tin- army and navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger : Provided, that the grand jury may be abolished by law in all cases. I 9. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have the right to appear and defend in person and by counsel ; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have a copy there- of; to meet tht^ witnesses face to face, and to have process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the oti'ense is alleged to have been committed. ^ 10. No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to give evidence against himself, or be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense. ? 11. All penalties .shall be iiroportioned to the nature of the offense ; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood of for- feiture of e.state ; nor shall any [>ersim be transported out or the State for any offense cumniittcd within the same. i 12. No person shall be imprisoned for debt, unless upon re- fusal to deliver up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law; or in cases where there is strong presum])tion of fraud. I 13. Private property .shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation. Such compensation, when not made by the State, shall be ascertained by a jury, as shall be pre- scribed by law. The fee of land taken for railroad tr.aeks, with- out consent of the owners thereof, shall remain in such owners, subject to the use for which it is taken. i 14. No ex post faeto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities, shall be p.assed. § 1.5. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power. i 16. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner ; nor in time of war ex- cept in the manner prescribed by law. i 17. The people have the right to assemble in a peaceable manner to consult for the common good, to make known their opinions to their representatives, and to apply for redress of griev- ances. § 18. All elections shall be free and eipial. ^ 19. f>cry person ought to find a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries and wrongs which he may receive in his person, property or reputation ; he ought to obtain, by law, right and justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it, completely and without denial, promptly and without delay. 1 494 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. I 20. A frequent occurrence to the fundamental principles of civil government is absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty. ARTICLE III. DISTKIIJUTION OF POWERS. The powers of the Government of this State are divided into three distinct departments — the Legislative, Executive and Ju- dicial ; and no person, or collection of persons, being one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others, except as hereinafter expressly directed or permitted. ARTICLE IV. LEGISLATIVE DEPAKTMENT. 2 1. ,;..:.. ,1 \ nMyc-lcftiv.-. ig IS. IH-^liii ii> Ixi-n.- ^.-Ui.lDefi- Extended. ]ioa.lnr.;-l'n.umg-Title- PriviU^ecs of members. lii?;ibilitieB of members. Hills TiiaUing Appropriatii Payment of money— SI of Expenses. g m. Cuueeruiug Kuads — public and pri- vate. ? :il. Draining and Ditching. ^ .^2. Homestead and Exemption Laws. i 'Si. Completiou of the State House. I 1. The legislative power shall be vested in a General As- sembly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, both to be elected by the people. I 2. An election for members of the Gemrnl .\ssombly shall be held on the Tuesday next after the tii^t MniHlny in November, in the year of our Lord one tlKUisand eiij,lit liiiniln d and seventy, and every two years thereafter, in each county, nt such places therein as may be provided by law. When vacancies occur in either house, "the governor, or pensou exercising the powers of governor, shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. ELIGIIilLITY AND OATH. I 3. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, or a representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-one years. No person shall be a senator or a representative who shall not be a citizen of the United States, and who shall not have been for five years a resi- dent of this State, and for two years next preceding his election a resident within the territory forming the district from which he is elected. No judge or clerk of any court, secretary of state, attorney general, state's attorney, recorder, sheriff, or collector of public revenue, member of eitiier house of congress, or person holding any lucrative office under the United States or this State, or any foreign government, shall have a seat in the general as- sembly : Provided, that appointments in the militia, and the offi- ces of notary public and justice of the peiiee, shall not be con- sidered lucrative. Nor shall any person, holding any otfiee of honor or profit under anv fi.rei_'n CT.vernment, or under the gov- ernment of the United Stat.s, i, \i r|.t postmasters whose annual compensation does not cxr.r.l tli. sum of $300,) hold any office of honor or profit under the autliunty of this State. § 4. No person who has been, or hereafter shall be, convicted of bribery, perjury or other infamous crime, nor any person wdio has been or may be a collector or holder of public moneys, who shall not have accounted for and paid over, according to law, all such moneys due from him, shall be eligible to the general as- sembly, orto any office of profit or trust in this State. I 6. Members of the general assembly, before they enter upon their official duties, shall take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation : "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the constitution of the United States, and the constitution of the State of Illinois, and will faithfully v.ooharge the duties of senator (or representative) according to (he best of my ability; and that I have not, knowingly or intentionall.v, paid or contributed anything, or made any promise in the nature of a bribe, to directly or mdi- rectly influence any vote at the election at which I was chosen to till the said office, and have not accepted, nor will I accept or receive, directly or mdireot- ly, any money or other valuable thing, from any corporation, company or per- son, for any vote or influence I may give or withhold on any bill, resolution or appropriation, or for any other official act." This oath shall be administered by a judge of the supreme or circuit court, in the hall of the house to which the member is elected, and the secretary of state shall record and file the oath subscribed by each member. Any member who shall refuse to to take the oath herein prescribed, shall forfeit his office, and every member who shall be convicted of having sworn falsely to, or of violating, his said oath, shall forfeit his office, and be dis- qualified thereafter from holding any office of profit or trust in this State. APPORTIONMENT — SENATORIAL. ? 6. The general assembly shall apportion the State every ten years, beginning with tlic year 1.S71, by dividing the population of the State, as ascertaiiieirby the federal census, by the number 51, and the quotient shall be the ratio of representation in the senate. The State shall be divided into 51 senatorial districts, each of wliich shall elect one senator, whose term of office shall be four years. The senators elected in the year of our Lord 1872, in districts bearing odd numbers, shall vacate their offices at the end of two years, and those elected in districts bearing even num- bers, at the end of four years; and vacancies occurring by the expiration of term, shallbe filled by the election of senatoi's for the full term. Senatorial districts shall be formed of contiguous and compact territory, bounded by county lines, and contain as nearly as practicable an equal number of inhabitants; but no district shall contain less than four-fit'ths of the senatorial ratio. Counties containing not less than the ratio and three-fourths, may be divided into separate districts, and shall be entitled to two senators, and to one additional senator for each number of inhabitants equal to the ratio, contained by such counties in ex- cess of twice the number of said ratio. Note— Bv the adoption of minority representati. cease to be a part of the constitution. Une. i, l:!. Every bill shall be read at large on three different days, in each house ; and the bill an. The general assembly shall provide, by law, thnt the fuel, stationery and printing-paper furnished for the use of the State ; the copying, printing, binding and distributing the laws and journals, and all other printing ordered by the general assembly, shall be let by contract to the lowest responsible bidder; but the general assemblv shall fix a maximum price ; and no member thereof or other' officer of the State, shall be interested, directly or indirectlv, in such contract. But all such contracts shall be subject to the approval of the governor, and if he disapproves the same there shall be a re-letting of the contract, in such man- ner as shall be prescribed by law. c, i 26. The State of Illinois shall never be made defendant in any court or law of equity. I 27. The general assembly shall have no power to authorize lotteries or gift enterprises, for any purpose, and shall pass laws to prohibit the sale of lottery or gift enterprise tickets in this State. g 28. No law shall be p.assed which shall operate to extend the term of anv public officer after his election or appointment. § 29. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass such laws as may be necessary for the protection of operative miners, by providing for ventilation, when the same may be required, and the construction of escapement-shafts, or such other appliances as may secure safety in all coal mines, and to provide for the en- forcement of said laws by such penalties and punishments as may be deemed proper. ? 30. The general assembly may provide for establishing and opening roads and cart-ways, connected with a public road, for private and public use. g 31. The general assembly may pass laws permitting the own- ers and occtipants of lands to construct drains and ditches, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, across the lands of others. I 32. The general assembly shall pass liberal and homestead and exemption laws. i 33. The general assembly shall not appropriate out of the State treasury, or expend on account of the new rai>itol grounds, and construction, completion and furnishing of the State-house, a sum exceeding in the aggregate, $3,50l),tKl(l, inclusive of all ap- propriations heretofore made, without first submitting the propo- sition for an additional expenditure to the legal voters of the State, at a general election ; nor unless a majority of all the votes at such election shall be for the proposed additional expenditure. ARTICLE V. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. Pf^pnrtmont. ? 14. Governor as Commander-in-Chief. ^ l.^i. Impeachment for Misdemeanor. i ir,. Veto of the Governor. ~f 17. Lieutenant-Governor as Governor. 3 18. As President of the .Senate. f 10. Vacancy in Governor's C)fliee. ^ 20. Vacancy in other State Offices. ? 21. Reports of State Officers. ) 22. Great Seal of State. ^ 23. Fees and Salaries. i 24. Definition of " Office." i 25. Oath of Civil Officers. . Convenin . Prorogiii . Nominati . Vacancie . Removal; ., RoprieTC! ons bv the Governor. 9 mav be filled. ! bv the Governor. I, Commutations, Pardons EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. ? 1. The executive department shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Ac- counts, Treasurer, Su|ierintendent of Public Instruction, and At- torney-General, who shall each with the exception of the Treas- urer, hold his otfice fur the term of four years from the second Monday of January next after his election, and until his succes- sor is elected and qualified. They shall, except the Lieutenant Governor, reside at the seat of Government during their term of office, and keep the public records, books and papers there, and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. § 2. The Treasurer shall hold his office for the term of two years, and until his successor is elected and qualified ; and shall "be ineligible to said office for two years next after the end of the term for which he was elected. He may be required by the Gov- ernor to give reasonable additional security, and in delault of so doing his office shall be deemed vacant. ELECTION. § 3. An election fcfr Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Accounts and Attorney-General, shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in the vear of our Lord 1872, and every four years thereafter ; for Superintendent of Public Instruction, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, in the year 1870, and every four vears thereafter; and for Treasurer on the day last above mentioned, and every two years thereafter, at such places and in such manner as may be prescribed by law. ? 4. The returns of every election for the above named officers shall be scaled up and transmitted, by the returning officers, to the Secretary of State, directed to " The Speaker of the House of Representatives," who shall, immediately after the organiza- tion of the house, and before proceeding to other business, open and publish the same in the presence of a majority of each house of the general assembly, who shall, for that purpose, assemble in the hall of the house of representatives. The person having the highest number of votes for either of the said offices shall be de- clared duly elected ; but if two or more have an equal and the highest number of votes, the general assembly shall, by joint ballot, choose one of such persons for said office. Contested elections for all of said offices shall be determined by both houses of the general assembly, by joint ballot, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. ELIGIBILITY. ? 5. No ^5erson shall be eligible to the office of governor, or lieutenant-governor, who shall not have attained the age of 30 years, and been, for five vears next preceding his election, a citi- zen of the United States and of this State. Neither the gover- nor, lieutenant-governor, auditor of public accounts, secretary of State, superintendent of public instruction nor attorney general shall be eligible to any other office during the period for which he shall have been elected. GOVERNOR. I G. The supreme executive power shall be vested in the gov- ernor, who shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. i 7. The governor shall, at the commencement of each se.ssion, and at the close of his term of office, give to the general assembly information, by message, of the condition of the State, and shall recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient. He shall account to the general assembly, and accompany his message with a statement of all moneys received and paid out by him from any funds subject to his order, with vouchers, and at the commencement of each regular session, present estimates of the amount of money required to be raised by taxation for all pur- poses. J 8. The governor m.iy, on extraordinary occasions, convene the general assembly, by proclamation, stating therein the pur- pose for which they are convened; and the general assembly shall enter upon no business except that for which they were called together. S 9. In case of a disagreement between the two houses with respect to the time of adjournment, the governor may, on the same being certified to him, by the house first moving the ad- journment, adjourn the general assembly to such time as bethinks proper, not bevond the first day of thenext regular session. I 10. The governor shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, (a majority of all the senators elected concurring, by yeas and nays,) appoint all officers whose offices 4 niSTORY OF RAXDOLPII, MOXROE ASD PERRY COUSTIES, ILLINOIS. 497 are established by this constitution, or which may be created by hivv, and whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for ; and no such officer shall be appointed or elected by the gen- eral assembly. I 11. In case of a vacancy, during the recess of the senate, in any office which is not elective, the governor shall make a tem- porary appointment until the next meeting of the senate, when lie shall nominate some person to fill such office ; and any person so nominated, who is confirmed by the senate (a majority of all the senators elected concurring by yesis and nays I, shall hold his office during the remainder of the time, and until his successor shall be appointed and (pialified. No i)erson, after being rejected by the senate, shall be again nominated for the same office at the same session, unless at the request of the senate, or be appointed to the same office during the recess of the general assembly. I VI. The governor shall have power to remove any officer whom he may appoint, in case of incompetency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in oflice ; and he may declare his office vacant, and fill the same as is herein provided in other cases of vacancy. J 1.3. The governor shall have power to grant repriovi's, com- mutations and pardons, after conviction, for all otl'ences, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of a[)plying therefor. J 14. The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the mili- tary and naval forces of the State (except when they shall be called into the service of the I'nited States) ; and may. c;;ll i.c.t the same to execute the laws, suppress insurrection, and rcjit 1 invasion. I !■'). The governor, and all civil officers of this State, shall be liable to impeachment for any misdemeanor in office. 5 IG. Every bill passed by tlie general a.ssembly idiall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor. If he approve, he shall sign it, and thereupon it shall become a law ; but if he do not approve, he .shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it shall have originated, which house shall enter the objections at large upon its journal, and proceed to reconsider the bill. If, then, two-thirds of the mendx'rs elected agree to pass the same, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it sludl likewise be reconsidered ; and if approved by two-thirds of the members elected to that house, it shall become a law, notwithstanding the objections of the gover- nor. But in all such cases, the vote of each house shall be de- tcrmin.'d by ycivs ami nays, to be entered on the journal. Any bill which shall not be returned by the governor within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, shall become a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the general assend)ly shall, by their adjournment, prevent its re- turn; ill which ca-se it shall" be filed, with his objections, in tlie office of the secretary of State, within ten days after such adjourn- ment, or become a law. I.IEUTF-JJAXT-GOVF.RKOR. J 17. In case of death, conviction or impeachment, failure to qualitV, resignation, absence from the State, or other disability of the governor, the powers, duties, the emoluments of the office for the residue of the term, or until the di.sability shall be re- moved, shall devolve upon the lieutenant-governor. ? IS. The lieutenant-governor shall be president of the senate, and shall vote only when the senate is equally divided. The srnatc shall choose a president, pro tempore, to preside in case of the absence or impeachment of the lieutenant-governor, or when he shall hold the office of governor. J lit. If there be no lieutenant-governor, or if the lieutenant- governor shall, for any of the causes specified in i 17 of this article, become incapable of ]ierlbrming the duties of the oflice, the president of the senate shall act as governor until the vacancy is filled or the disability removed; and if the president of the senate for any of the above named causes, shall become incapa- ble of performing the duties of governor, the same shall devolve upon the speaker of the house of representatives. OTHER STATE OFFICERS. 3 20. If the office of auditor of ])ublic accounts, treasurer, scc- ret'arv of State, attorney general, or suiierintendent of public in- struction shall be vaca"ted by death, resignation or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the governor to fill the same by appointment, and the appointee shall hold his oflice until Id's successor shall be elected ard qualified in euch manner as may be provided by law. An account shall be kept by the officers of the executive department, and of all the])ublic institutions of the State, of all moneys received or disbursed by them, severally, (i-om all sources, and for every service performed, and a^emi-annual report thereof be made to the governor, under oath ; and any officer who makes a false rcportshall be guilty of perjury, and i)unislicd accordingly. i 21. The officers of the executive department, and of all the iniblic institutions of the State, shall, at least ten days f receding each regular session of the general assembly, sevi rally report to the governor, who shall transmit such reports to the general as- sembly, together with the re|)orls of the judges of the su|)reme court of the defects in the constitution and laws ; and the gover- nor may at any time require information, in writing, under oath, from the officers of the executive deiiartment, and all ofliccrsand managers of state institutions, upon any subject relating to the condition, management and expenses of their respective offices. THE SEAL OF STATE. ? 22. There shall be a seal of the State, which shall be called the " Great seal of the State of Illinois," which shall be kept by the secretary of State, and used hv him, officially as directed by l.iw. FEES AND SALARIES. I 2'^. The officers named in this article shall receive for their services a salary, to be established by law. which shall not be in- creased or diminished during their oflicial terms, and they shall not after the expiration of the terms of those in office at the adoption of this constitution, receive to their own use any fees, costs, perquisites of olfice, or other compensation. And all fees that may hereafter be payable by law for any sirvice jierformed by any officer provided for in th's article of the constitution, shall be paid in advance into the State treasury. DEFIXITIOX AXU OATH OF OFFICE. ? 24. An oflice is a public position created by the constitution or law, continuing during the pleasure of the appointing power, or for a fixed time, with a successor elected or appointed. An cniploymcMit is an agency, for a temporary purpose, which ceases when "that jiurpose is acccmiplished. § 2'). All civil officers, excei)t members of the general assembly and such inferior officers as may be by law exempted, shall, be- fore they enter on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation : I do solcmnlv sweni- (or nffirm, :>!> tlio ca^e mny he) that I will support the constitution of tlio United Stales, iind tlie Conslitulion of the St.aie of Illinois, and that I will f:iilhfully disehaigo the duties of the office of aeeording t,j the liesit of my ability. .Vnd no other oath, declaration or test shall be required as a iiualilication. ARTICLE VI. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. ? 1. .Tndioial Powers of Courts. '3 18. County Judse.*— County Clerks. f •!. Seven Supreme Judges— Four] ^ It", .\ppeals from County Courts. Decide. ' j liu t'robate Courts Authorized. i n Qiialilieations of a Supreme Judge ^ 21. Jtt.stices of the Peace and Con.>;ta- i 4. Terms of the Supreme Court. j hies. i .-, Three limnd Divmious— Seven '? 22. Slate's Attorney — — •- '^ ■•• *i -1 f ^'tprrmo Judges. ■ ■■:«:;;^TEri^"=" -,:.!t;i :,: I Ueporler. . - 1 1 ;!.■, Mi|jreme Court. ■Ihitc Courts Authorized, idiction of Circuit Courts. Mtion of ludicial Circuit". > of holding Circuit Courts, tits containing Four Judges, icsof the! ircuit Judges, itications of Judges or Com- j 3 -ja. Ctii :i. t ' • M >'■ k County. jf27. (l.:i ' ; ' ""ty Court. I l'2n. Unif'Tmilv in tlic Courts. i i :i(i. Kemoval of any Judcc. |:n. Judces I) niake Written Reports i a2. Terms of OtKce— Filling \acan ? 1. The judicial powers, except as in this article is otherwise jirovided, shall be vested in one supreme court, circuit courts, county courts, justices of the [)eace, police magistrates, and in such courts as may be created by law in and for cities and incor- porated towns. SUI'HE.ME COURT. J 2. The supreme court shall consist of seven judges, and shall have original jurisdiction in cases relating to the revenue, in mandamu.i, and habeas eorpim, and appellate jurisdiction in all other ea.ses. One of said judges shall be chief justice ; four shall constitute a quorum, and the concurrence of four shall be neces- sary to every decision. ■ 5 498 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND RERRT COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. I 3. No person shall be eligible to the ofBce of judge of the supremo cnurt unless he shall be at least thirty years of aje, and a citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall have resided in the State five years next preceding liij election, and be a resi- dent of the district in which he shall be electod. ^ 4. Terms of the supreme court shall continue to be held i:i the present grand divisions at the several places now provided for holding the same ; and until olhcrwise provided by law, one or more terms of said court shall be held, for the northern division, in the city of Chicago, each year, at such times as said court raav a^ipoint, whenever said city or the county of Cook shall provide appropriate room therefor, and the use of a suitable library, without expense to the State. The judicial divisions may be altered, increased or diminished in number, and the times and places of holding said court may be changed by law. 5 5. The present grand divisions shall be preserved, and be denominated Southern, Central and Northern, until otherwise provided by law. The State shall be divided into seven districts for the election of judges, and until otherwise provided by law, thoy shall be as f )llows : First District. — The counties of St. Clair, Clinton, Washing- ton, Jcfr:!rson, Wayne, Edwards, W.abash, White, Hamilton, Franklin, Perry, Randolph, Monroe, Jackson, Williamson, Saline, Gallatin, Hardin, Pope, Union, Johnson, Alexander, Pulaski and Massac. , Second Disirirf. — The counties of Madison, Bond, Marion, Clay, Bichland, Lawrence, Crawford, Jasper, Efhngliam, Fayette, Mont- gomerv, Macou-un, Shelby, Cumberlaiul, Clark, Greene, Jersey, Calhoun and Christian. Thtril lUxfrirf — The counties of Sangamon, Macon, Logan, Dc Witt, Piatt, Douglas, Champaign, Vermilion, McLean, Living- ston, Ford, Iroquois, Coles, Edgar, Moultrie and Tazewell. Fourth District. — The counties of Fulton, McDonough, Han- c )ck, S.huyler, Brown, Adams, Pike, Mason, Menard, Morgan, Cass and Scott. I'ifth District. — The counties of Knox, Warren, Henderson, Jlercer, Henry, Stark, Peoria, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, Lasalle, Grundv and Woodford. Si.rlU Dlifrirt. — The counties of Whiteside, Carroll, Jo Daviess, St;'plunson, Winnebago, Boone, McHenry, Iv'me, Kendall, Dc Kalh, L,v, Ojle and Pvock Island. S,rr„l/i Dixirirt.— The counties of Lake, Cook, Will, Kankakee and Du l"agc. Ths boundaries of the districts may be changed at the session of t'le general assembly next preceding the election for judges herein, and at no other time ; but whenever such alterations shall be made, the same shall be upon the rule of equality of popuhxtion, as nearly as county boundaries will allow, and the districts will be composed of contiguous counties, in as nearly comnact form as circumstances will ])crniit. The alteration of the districts shall not affect the tenure of an oflice of any Judge. ? 6. At the time of voting on the adoption of this constitution, one judge of the supreme court shall be elected by the electors thereif, in each of said districts numbered two, three, six and seven, win shall hold his office for the term of nine years from the first Monday of June, in the year of our Lord 1870. The term of office of judges of the supreme court, elected after the adoption of this constitution, shall be nine years ; and on the first Monday of June of the year in which the term of any of flie judges in office at the .adoption of this constitution, or of the judge then elected, shall expire, and every nine years thereafter, there shall be an election for the successor or successors of such judges, in the respective districts wherein the term of such judges shall expire. The chief justice shall continue to act as such until th^ expiration of the term for which he was elected, after which thi judges shall choose one of their number as chief jus- tice. ? 7. From and after the adoption of this constitution, the judge i of the supreme court sh.all each receive a salary of $4,000 per annum, p.ivable quarterly, until otherwise provided by law. And after said salaries shall be fixed by law, the s.alarics of the judges in office sh;\ll not be increased or diminished during the terms for which said judges have been elected. ? 8. Appeals and writs of error may be taken to the supreme court, held in the grand division in which the case is decided, or, by consent of the parties, to any other grand division. 3 9. The supreme court shall appoint one reporter of its deci- sions, wdio shall hold his oflSce for six years, subject to removal by the court. § 10. At the time of the election for representative in the gen- eral assembly, happening next preceding the expiration of the terms of office of the present clerks of said court, one clerk of said court for each division shall be elected, whose term of office shall be six years from said election, but wiio shall not enter upon the duties of his office until the expiration of the term ct' his predecessor, and every six years thereafter, one clerk of said court for each division shall be elected. APPELLATE C'OL'ETS. S 11. After the year of our Lord 1874, inferior appellate courts of uniibr:a organization and jurisdiction, may be created in dis- tricts forracd for that purpose, to which such appeals and writs of error as the general assembly may provide, may be prosecuted from circuit and other courts, and from which appeals and writs of error shall lie to the supreme court, iu all criminal cases, and cases in which a franchise, or freehold, or the validity of a stat- ute is involved, and in such other cases as may be provided by law. Such appellate courts shall be held by such number of judges of the circuit courts, and at such times and places, and in such manner, as may be provided by law; but no judge shall sit in review upon cases decided by him ; nor shall said judges re- ceive any additional compensation for such services. CIPXriT COURTS. ^ 12. The circuit courts shall have origin.al jurisdiction of all causes in law and ccjuity, and such appellate jurisdiction as is or may be provided by law, and shall hold two or more terms each year in every county. The terms of office of judges of circuit courts shall be six years. ri3. The State, exclusive of the county of Cook and other counties having a population of 1C'0,C00, shall be divided into judicial circuits, prior to the expiration of terms of office of the present judges of the circuit courts. Such circuitsshall be formed of contiguous counties, in as nearly compact form and as nearly equal as circumstances wdll permit, having due regard to busi- ne s, territory and population, and shall not exceed in number one circuit for every 100,000 of population in the State. One judge shall be elected for each of said circuits by the electors thereof. New circuits may be formed and the boundaries of cir- cuits changed by the general assembly, at its session next pre- ceding the election for circuit judges, but at no other time: Pro- ridal, that the circuits may be equalized or changed at the first session of the general assembly, after the ado])tion of this con- stitution. The creation, alteration or change of any circuit shall not aflect the tenure of office of any judge. Whenever the busi- ness of the circuit court of any one, or of two or more contigu- ous counties, containing a popidiition exceeding 50,000, shall oc- cupy nine months of tbe year, the general assembly may make of such county, or counties, a separate circuit. Whenever addi- tional circuits are created, the foregoing limitations shall be ob- s.'rvcd. S 14. The general assembly shall provide for the times of hold- ing courts in each county ; wdiich shall not be changed, except by the general assembly next preceding the general election for judges of said courts; but additional terms may be provided for in any county. The election for judges of the circuit courts .shall be held on the first ^Monday of June,Jn the year of our Lord 1873, and every six years tlicrcafter. 115. The general assembly may divide the State into judicial circuits of greater population and territory, in lieu of the circuits provided for in section 13 of this article, and provide for the elec- tion therein, severally, by the electors thereof, by general ticket, of not exceeding four judges, who shall hold the circuit courts for which they shall be elected, in such manner as may be provided by law. i 10. From and after the adoption of this constitution, judges of the circuit courts shall receive a salary of $3,000 per annum, payable quarterly, until otherwise provided by law. And after their salaries shall be fixed by law, they shall not be increased or diminished during the terms for which said judges shall be, re- spectively, elected ; and from and after the adoption of this con- stitution, no judge of the supreme or circuit court shall receive any other compensation, jierquisite or benefit, -in any form whatso- ever, nor perform any other than judicial duties to which may belong any emoluments. I 17. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the circuit or any inferior court, or to membership in the "board of county coinmissioncrs," unless he shall be at least 25 years of age, and a citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall have re- sided in this State five years next preceding his election, and be a resident of the circuit, county, city, cities, or incorporated town in which he shall be elected. HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUXTIES, ILLIXOIS. 499 COUNTY COURTS. I 18. There shall be elected in and foreaeh county, one judge an.l one clerk of the county court, whose terms of office shall be four vears. But tlie general lusscnibly uuiy create districts of two or more contiguous counties, in each of which shall be elected one judge, wlio shall take tlie place of, and exercise the powers and jurisdiction of county judges in such districts. _ County courts shall be courts of record, and shall have original jurisdic- tion in all matters of probate ; settlement of est:ites of deceased persons ; appointment of guardians and conservators, and .settle- ments of their ikccounts; in all matters relating to ajjprentices ; and in proceedings for the collection of taxes and assessments, and such other jurisdiction as may be pr(Jvided for by general law. i. 19. Appeals and writs of error shall be allowed from final determination of county courts, as may be provided by law. I'ROBATE COUr.TS. I 2(1. The general assembly may l^rovidc fur the establishment of a probate court in eacli county having a population of over 511,000, and for the election of a judge thereof, whose term of office shall be the same iis that of the county judge, and who shall be elected at the same time and in the same manner. Saiil courts, when established, shall have original jurisdiction ot all ])robate matters, the settlcnieut of estates of dece;used persons, the appointment of guardians and conservators, and settlement of their accounts ; in all matters relating to apprentices, and in cases of the sales of real estate of deceased persons for the pay- ment of debts. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND CONSTABLES. ? 21. Justices of the peace, police magistrates, and constables shall be elected in anl her" malfeasance. K.xisting justices of the peace and police magistrates may hold their offices until the expiration of their respective terms. GENERAL PROVISIONS. ? 2i). All jnilicial officers shall be commissioned by the gover- nor. All laws relating toi-ourts shall be general, and of uniform operation ; and tlie organization, jurisdiction, power, proceedings and practice of all courts, of the same class or grade, so far as regulated by law, and the force and etlect of the process, judg- ments and decrees of such courts, severally shall be uniform. 'i. 30. The general assembly may, for cause entered on the journals, upon ilnc notice aiid opportunity of defense, remove from oHice any judse, upon concurrence of three-fourths ot all the members "erected, of each house. All other oHicers in tills article mentioned, shall be removed from ollice on prosecution and final conviction, for misdemeanor in office. 8 .-il. All jiKliTCS of courts of record, inferior to the supreme court, shall.'on or before the first day of June, of each year, re- port in writing to the judges of the suiireme court, such delects and omissions in the laws as their exi.erience may suggest; and the judges of the supreme court shall, on or betorc the hrst day of .ianuary of each year, report in writing to the governor such defects aii"d omissions in the constitution and laws as they may find to exist, tocetlier with ajipropriate forms of bills to cure such defects and omissions in ihe laws. And the judges of the several circuit courts shall report to the next general assembly the num- ber of days thcv have held court in the several counties compos- in"- their respective circuits, the preceding two years. i :!2 All officers provided for in this article shall hold their offices until their successors shall be quiilifu'd, and thev shall, re- spectively reside in the ilivision, circuit, county or district for which tb'e'y may be elected or api.oiiitcd. The terms of office of all such officer.s", where not otherwise prescribed 111 this article shall be four years. All officers, where not otlierwise provided for in this article, shall perform such dutusaml receive such compensation as is or may be provided by law. Vacancies in such elective offices shall be filled by election ; but where the unexpired term does not exceed one year, the vacancy shall be hlled by appointment, as follows : Of judges, by the governor; of clerks of courts, by the court to which the office appertains, or by the jud<'e or judges thereof; and i 3. Propf rty E.xcmpt froit m on Coiinlv Ta.xes. nicipal Improvements of municipal Corpora- I 1. The general assembly shall provide such revenue as may be ;ieedful by levying a tax, by valuation, so that every person "and carporation shall pay a ta.x in proportion to the value of his, her or its property — such value to be ascertained by some person or persons, to be elected or appointed in such manner as the general assembly shall direct, and not otherwise; but the general assem- bly shall have power to tax peddlers, auctioneers, brokers, hawk- ers, merchants, commission merchants, showmen, jugglers, inn- keepers grocery keepers liqi' or dealers, toll bridges, ferries, insur- ance, telegraph and express iij.ercsts or business, venders of pat- ents, and persons or corporations owning or using franchises and privileges, in such manner as it shall from timeto time direct by general law, uniform as to the class upon which it operates. ? 2. The specifications of the objects and subjects of taxation shall not deprive the general assembly of the power to require other subjects or objects to be taxed in such a manner as may be consistent with the principles of taxation fixed in this constitu- tion. i 3. The properties of this State, counties and other municipal corporations, both real and personal, and such other property r.s may be used exclusively for agricultural and horticultural socie- ties, for school, religious, cemetery and ebaritable purposes, may be exempted from taxation ; but such exemption shall be only by general law. In the assessment of real estate encumbered by public easement, any depreciation occasioned by such easement may be ileducted in the valujition of such property. ? 4. The general a-^ellll■ly shall provide, in all cases where it may be nccessuy I-) sell real <-tate forthe non-payment of taxes orspeehal assioeiit-i \'<>r State, county, municipal or other pur- poses, that a return of such unpaid taxes or a.ssessments shall be to some general officer of the county having authority to receive State and county taxes; and there shall be no .sale of said jjrop- erty for any of said taxes or assessments but by said officer, upon the order or judgment of some court of record. § 5. The right of redemi)tion from all sales of real estate for the non-payment of ta.xes or special assessments of any character whatever, shall exist in favor of owners and per.sons interested in such real estate, for a period of not less than two years from such sales thereof And the general assembly shall provide by law for reasonable notice to be given to the owners or parties in- terested, by publication or otherwise, of the fact of the sale of the property for such taxes or assessments, and when the time of redemption shall expire : Provided, that occupants shall in all cases be served with jiersonal notice before Ihe time of redemption expires. I 6. The general assembly shall have no power to release or discharge any county, city, township, town or district whatever, or the iidiabitants thereof or the property therein, from their or its proportionate share of ta.xes to be levied for State purposes, nor shall commutation for such taxes be authorized in any form whatever. I 7. All taxes levied lor State purposes shall be paid into the State treasury. ? 8. County aiitliniilie^ shall iiiV( r a-se-^- taxes the aggregate of which shall exceed 7'> ( enu ]>rr sKiu valuatidU. except forthe p.iymentof indebteihu--; e\i>iinL'at the adoptinn of this constitu- tion, unless authorized by a vote of the jicopie of the couuty. § 9. The general assembly may vest the corporate authorities of cities, towns, villages, with power to make local improvements by special assessment or by sjjecial ta.xation of contiguous prop- erty or otherwise. For all other corporate purposes, all munici- pal corporations may be vested with authority to assess and col- lect taxes; but such taxes shall be uniform in respect to persons and property, with the jurisdiction of the body imposing the same. ? 10. The general assembly .shall not impose taxes upon muni- cip.al eorjiorations, or the inhabitants or property thereof, for cor- ])orate purj)03es, but shall require that all the taxable |)roperty within the limits of municipal ci>r]iorations shall be taxed lor the payment of debts contracted under authority of law, such taxes to be uniform in respect lo persons and property, within the jurisdiction of the body imposing the same. Private property shall not be liable to betaken or sold for the payment of the cor- porate debts of amunicip.al corporation. I 11. No person who is in default, as a collector or custodian of money or property belonging to a municipal corporation, shall be eligible to any oflice in or under .such corjioration. The fees, salary or compcnsatioTi of no municipal officer who is elected or appointed fVir a definite term of office, shall be increased or di- minisheil during sueh term. i 12. No county, city, town.ship, school district, or other muni- ci[ial corporation, shall be allowed to become indebted in any manner or for any purpose, to ,000 inhabitants ; $2,500 in counties containing 30,- 000 and not exceeding 50,001 inhabitants; $3,000 in counties containing 5'),000 and not exceeding 70,000 inh.abitants; $3,500 in counties containing 70,000 and not exceeding 100,000 inhabi- tants; and $4,000 in lounlies containing over 100,000 and not exceeding 250,000 inhabitants; and not more than $1,000 addi- tional compensation fir each additional 100,000 inhabitants : Provided, that the compensation of no officer shall be increased or diminished during his term of office. All fees or allowances by them received, in excess of their said compensation, shall be paid into the coun'v treasury. ? 11- The fi'cs of "township officers, and of each class of county officers, .shall be uniform in the class of counties to which they resiiectivcly belong. The compensation lierein provided forsh.-ill apply only "to officers hereafter elected, but all fees est.-iblished by spc-ial laws shall cetise at the adoption of tliis constitution, and siuh officers shall receive only such fees as are provided by gen- eral law. S 12. All laws fixing the fees of State, county and township officers, shall terminate with the terms, respectively, of tho.se who may bo in office at the meeting of the first general assembly after the adoption of this constitution ; and the general assembly shall by general law, uniform in its operation, provide for and regulate the fees of said officers and their successors, so as to re- difce the same to a reasonable comnen.'^ation for services actually rendered. But the general assembly m.iy, by general law, classify the counties by poi>ulation into not more than three classes, and regulate tlie fees according to class. Tlrs article sliall not be construed as depriving the^general assembly of the power to re- duce the fees of existing officers. ? 13. Every person who is elected or appointed to .any office in this State, who .shall be paid in whole or m part by fees, shall be required by law to make a semi-annual report, under oath to some officer to be designated by law, of all his fees and emolu- ments. ARTICLE XI. CORPORATIONS. 5 1 Est.iblished only by Oencral Laws. i 2. ExistingChartcrs-IIovv Forfeited. i. .1. Election of Directors or ^^anar!ers. i 4. Construction of Street Railroads. \ 6. St.ite Banks Forbidden— General Law. t r.. Liability of Bank Stockholder. , ? 7. Suspension of Specie Payment. I 8. Of a Gcncial Baulking Law. 1 ] n. Railro.adOffice.Books and Records f 10. Personal Property nf Railroads. J 11. Consolidations Forbidden. S 12. Railroads deemed Uighways — Rates Fixed. J 1.1. Stocks, Bonds and Dividends. i 14. Power over existing Companies. S 15. FrciphtaDdPasscngcrTarifFre;;u- lated. ? 1. No corporation shall be created by special laws, or it.s ( bar- ter extended chan~cd cr ameaded, except those for charitable, 9 502 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH. MONROE AN'D PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. educational, pen;;! or reformatory purposes, which arc to be and remain under the patronage and control of the State, but the general assembly shall provide, by general law, for the organiza- tions of all cor])orations hereafter created. 'i 2. All existing charters or grants of special or exclusive privileges, under which organization shall not have taken place, or wdiich shall not have been in operation within ten days from the time this constitution takes effect, shall thereafter have no validity or effect whatever. I 3. The general assembly shall provide, by law, that in all elections for directors or managers of corporated companies, every stockholder shall have the right to vote, in person orby proxy, f.)r the number of shares of stock ow'ned by him, for as many persons as there are directors or managers to be elected, or to cumulate said shares, and give one candidate as many votes as the number of directors multiplied by the number of his shares of stock, shall equal, or to distribute them on the same principle among as many candidates as he shall think fit ; and no such directors or managers shall be elected in any other manner. § 4. No laws shall be passed by the general assembly, granting the right to construct and operate a street railroad within any city, town, or incorporated village, without requiring the consent of the local authorities having the control of the street or high- way proposed to be occupied by such street railroad. 5 5. No State bank shall hereafter be created, nor sball the State own or be liable for any stock in any corporation or joint stock company or association for banking purposes, now created, or t3 bo hereafter created, No act of the general assembly au- thorizing or creating corporations or associations, with banking powers, ■whether of issue, deposit or discount, nor amendments thereto, shall go into effect or in any manner be in force unless the same shall be submitted to a vote of the people at the general election next succeeding the passage of the same, and be ap- proved by a majority of all the votes cast at such election for or against such law. I 6. Every stockholder in a banking corporation or institution shall be individually responsible and liable to its creditors over and above the amount of stock by him or her held, to an amount equal to his or her respective shares so held, for all its liabilities accruing while he or she remains such a stockholder. 1 7. The suspension of specie payments by bankin ; institu- tions, or their circulation, created by the laws of this State, shall never be permitted or sanctioned. Every banking association now, or which may hereafter be, organized under the laws of this State, shall make and publish a full and accurate quar- terly statement of its affairs, (which shall be certified to, under oath, by one or more of its officers,) as may be provided by law. § 8. if a general banking law shall be enacted, it shall provide for the registry and countersigning, by an officer of state, of all bills or paper credit, designed to circulate as money, and require security, to the full amount thereof, to be deposited with the State treasurer, in United States or Illinois State stocks, to be rated at ten per cent, below their par value ; and in case of a deprecia- tion of said stocks to the amount of ten per cent, below par, the bank or banks owning said stocks shall be required to make up Slid deficiency, by depositing additional stocks. And said law shall also provide for the recording of the names of all .stock- holders in such corporations, the amount of stock held by each, the time of any transfer thereof, and to whom such transfer is made. RAILRO.\DS. 2 9. Every railroad corporation organized or doing business in this State, under the laws or authority thereof, shall have and main- tain a public office or place in tliis State, for the transaction of its business where transfers of stock shall be made, and in which shall be kept for public inspection, books, in which shall be re- corded the amount of capital stock subscribed, and by whom ; the names of the owners of stock and amount by them respectively, the amount of stack paid in and by whom, the transfers of said stock; the amount of its assets and liabilities, aud the names and place of residence of its officers. The directors of every railroad corporation shall, annually, make a report, under oath, to the auditor 'of public accounts, or some officer to be designated by law, of all their acts and doings, which report shall include such matters relating to railroads as may be prescribed by law. Aud the general assembly shall pass laws enforcing by suitable penalties the provisions of this section. i 10. The rolling stock, and all other movable property belong- ing to any railroad company or corporation in this State, shall be considered personal property, and shall be liable to execution and sale in the same manner as the personal property of individ- uals, and the general assembly shall pass no law exempting any such property from execution and sale. ? 11. No railroad corporation shall consolidate its stock, pro- perty or franchises with any other railroad corporation owning a parallel or competing line; and in no case shall any consolida- tion take place except upon public notice given, of at least sixty days, to all stockholders, in such manner as may be provided by law. A majority of the directors of any railroad corporation, now incorporated or hereafter to be incorporated by the laws of the State, shall be citizens and residents of this State. ? 12. Railways heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter be constructed in this State, are hereby declared public high- ways, and shall be free to all persons for the transportation of their persons and property thereon, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. And the general assembly shall, from time to time, pass laws establishing reasonable maximum rates of charges for the transportation of passengers and freight on the different railroads in this State. I 13. No railroad corporation shall issue any stock or bonds, except for money, labor or property actually received, and ap- plied to the purposes for which such corporation was created ; and all stock dividends, and other fictitious increase of the capi- tal stock or indebtedness of any such corporation, shall be void. The capital stock of no railroad corporation shall be increased for any purpose, except upon giving sixty days' public notice, ia such manner as may be provided by law. § 14. The exercise of the power, and the right of eminent do- main shall never be so construed or abridged as to prevent the tak- ing, by the general assembly, of the property and franchises of incorporated companies already organized, and subjecting them to the public necessity the same as of individuals. The right of trial by jury shall be held inviolate in all trials of claims for compensation, when, in the exercise of said right of eminent do- main, any incorporated company shall be interested either for or against the exercise of said right. § 15. The general assembly shall pass laws to correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates of freight and passenger tariffs on different railroads in this State, and enforce such laws, by adequate penalties, to the extent, if necessary for that purpose, of forfeiture of their property and franchises. ARTICLE XII. ? 1. Persons composing the Military. 1 § 4. Privilege from Arrest. ^ :i. Organization — Equipment — Dis- § 5. Records, Banners .-ind Relics, cipline. g 6. Exemption from militia duty, g 3. Commissions of Officers. ( ? 1. The militia of the State of Illinois shall consist of all able- bodied male persons, resident in the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, except such persons as now are, or here- after may be, exempted by the laws of the United States, or of this State. § 2. The general assembly, in providing for the organization, equipment and discipline of the militia, shall conform as nearly as practicable to the regulations for the government of the armies of the United States. J 3. All militia officers shall be commissioned by the gover- nor, and may hold their commissions for such time as the general assembly may provide. § 4. The militia shall, in all cases, except treason, felony or breach of th^ peace, be privileged from arrest during their at- tendance at musters and elections, and in going to and returning from the same. § 5. The military records, banners and relics of the State, shall be preserved as an enduring memorial of the patriotism and valor of Illinois, and it shall be the duty of the general assembly to provide by law for the safe keeping of the same: J 6. No person having conscientious scruples against bearing arms, shall be compelled to do militia duty in time of peace : Provided, such person shall pay an equivilent for such exemp- tion. ARTICLE XIIL WAREHOUSES. I 1. What deemed Public Warehouse; i ± Sworn weeklyatatements require ^ :i. Examination of property stored. i 4. Carriers to deliver full Weight. 10 I 3 5. Delivery of Grain hy Railroadi^. U r.. powornnd Duty of tht* Legislature. ^ 7. Grain InspectioQ— ProtectioQ of 1 Dealers^ HISTORY OF RANDOLFB, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. 503 J 1. All elevators or storehouses where grain or other property is stored for a compensation, whether the property stored bo kept separate or not, are declared to be public warehouses. I 2. The owner, lessee or manajrcr of each and every public warehouse situated in any town or city of not les3 than 100,000 inhabitants, shall make weekly statements under . oatli, before som.i officer to be designated by law, and keep the same posted in some conspicuous place in the office of such warehouse, and shall also file a copy for public examination in such place as shall be designated by law, which statement shall correctly set forth the amount and grade of each and every kind of grain in such warehouse, together with such other property as may be stored therein, and what warehouse receipts have been issued, and are, at the time of making such statement, outstanding there- for; and shall, on the copy posted in the warehouse, note daily such changes as may be made in the ([uantity and grade of grain in such warehouse ;" and the dilTercnt grades of grain shipped in separate lots, shall not be mixed with inferior or superior grades, without the consent of the owner or consignee thereof. J 3. The owners of property stored in any warehouse, or holder of a receipt for the same, shall always be at liberty to ex.imine such property stored, and all tlie boolis and records of the ware- house in regard to such property. I 4. All railroad companies and othercommon carriers on rail- roads shall weigh or measure grain at point? where it is shipped, and receipt for the full amount, and shall bo responsible for the delivery of such amount to the owner or consignee thereof, at th« place of destination. \ 5. All railroad companies receiving and transporting grain in bulk or otherwise, shall deliver the .«ame to any consignee thereof, or any elevator or public warehouse to which it may he consigned, provided such consignee, or the elevator or public warehouse can be reached by any track owned, leased or used, or which can be used, by such railroad companies; and all rail- paad companies shall permit connections to be made with their track, so that any such consignee, and any public warehouse, coal bank or coal yard, may be reached by the cars on said rail- road. J 6. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass all necessary laws to prevent the issue of false and fr.iudulent warehouse receipts, and to give full elfect to this article of the constitution, which shall be liberally construed so as to protect producers and shippers. And the enumeration of the remedies herein named shall not be constnicd to deny to the general as- sembly the power to prescribe by law such other ard further remedies as may be found expedient, or to deprive any person of existing common law remedies. I 7. The general assembly shall ])ass laws for the inspection of grain, for the protection of producers, shippers and receivers of grain and produce. ARTICLE Xn'. AMENDMENTS TO THE COSSTITtJTIOX. i 1. By a Constitutional Convention. | J 2. Proposed by the Legislature. ? 1. 'Whenever two-thirds of the members of each house of the general assembly shall, by a vote entered upon the journals thereof, concur that a convention is necessary to revise, alter or amend the constitution, the question shall be submitted to the electors at the next general election. If a majority voting at the election vote tor a convention, the general assembly shall, at the next session, provide for a convention, to consist of double the number of the members of the .senate, to be elected in the same manner, at the same places, and in the same districts. The genera! assembly shall, in the act calling the convention, desig- nate the day, hour and place of its meeting, fix the pay of its members and officers, and provide for the payment of the same, together with expenses necessarily incurred by the conventitn in the performance of its duties. Before proceeding, the members shall take an oath to support the constitution of the United States, and of the State of Illinois, and to faithfully discharge their duties as members of the convention. The qualification of members shall be the same as that of members of the senate, and vacancies occurring shall be filled in the manner provided for filling vacancies in the general assembly. Said convention shall meet within three months after such election, and prepare such revisions, alterations or amendments of the constitution as shall be deemed necrssarv', which shall be submitted to the elec- tors for their ratification or rejection, at an election appointed by the convention for thiit purpose, not less than or more than six months after the adjournment thereof; and unless so submitted and approved by a majority of the electors voting at the election, no such revisions, alterations or amendments shall take cticct. I 2. Amendmentit) this constitution may be proposed in either house of the general assembly, and if the same shall be voted for by two-thirds of all the members elected to each of the two houses, such proposed amendments, together with the yeas and nays of each house thereon, shall be entered in full on their re- spective journals, and .said amendments shall be submitted to the electors of this State for adoption or rejection, at the next elec- tion of members of the general assembly, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. The proposed amendments shall be pub- lished in full at least three months precciliug the election, and if a majoritv of electors voting at said election shall vote for the proposed amendments, they shall become part of this constitu- tion. But the general a-sseinbly shall have no power to propose amendmen's to more than one article of this constitution at the same session, nor to the same article ofteuer than once in four years. SEPARATE SECTION'S. Illinois ronl'al n.ailron.1. I unir-ipal Subscription to Corpor*- lllinois and Michigan Canal. | tioiis. No contract, obligation or liability whatever, of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, to pay any money into the State treasury, nor any lien of the State upon, or right to tax property of said companv, in accordance with the provisionsof thecharter of said company, approved Feb. 10,in the year of our Lord 1851, shall ever be released, suspended, modified, altered, remitted, or in anv manner diminished or impaired by legislative or other authority ; and all moneys derived from said company, after the p.ayment of the State debt, shall be appropriated and set apart for the payment of the ordinary expenses of the State govern- ment, and for no other purposes whatever. .MrSICIPAL SUBSCEIPTIOXS TO UAILIiOADS OR PEIT ATE CORPORA- TIONS. Ko countv, city, town, township or other municip.alify shall ever become subscriber to the capital stock of any railroad or private corporation, or make donation to, or loan it.s credit in aid of such corporation : Provided however, that the adoption of this article shal not be construed a; afTecting the right of any such munici- palitv to make sucli subscriptions where the same have been au- thorized, under existing laws, by a vote of the people of such municipalities prior to such adoption. CAN.VL. The Illinois and Michigan Canal shall never be sold or leased until the specific proposition for the sale of lea.se thereof shall have first been submitted to a vote of the people of the State, at a general election, and have been approved by a majority of all t'le votes polled at such election. The general assembly shall never loan the creilit of the State, or make approi)riations from the treasury thereof, in aid of railroads or canals : Provided, that any surplus earnings of any canal may be appropriated for its eniargemeut or extension. SCHEDULE. 9, I. Laws in force remain valid. ] ? 4. Prese i 2. Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures, i .i. .\ll ex j 3. Recogniianees, Bonds.ObligationsI g 0. Perso That no inconvenience may arise from the nller.i In the constitution of this State and to carry the sii hereby ordained and declared : ? 1. That all Laws in force at the adoption of this constitution, not inconsistent therewith, and all rights, actions, prosecutions, claims, and contracts of this State, individuals or bodies corpor- ate, shall continue to be as valid as if this constitution had not been adt' llio ^I'lu-riil usscnihly ; and till- louniy ci'Uits 1:1 nil o:\w\- rmintii-^ shall liavo the saiiic' power and juri>di<.-tiiMi tlu'y Jiow ims.-css unlil ntlnTwisc imividcd by ixi'iioral law. I ■"!. All I'xisUnLT I'OurN wliirh are not in this constitution s;H>cially tvuinierati'il. shall I'iniliiuu' in cxistcnco and exorcise tlu'ir present juri^dieliou until otherwise provided bylaw. 'i 1!. All persons now tillinj; any oiiiec or appointment shall eoutinue in the exercise of the duties thereof according to their respective commissions or appointments, unless by this constitu- tion it is otherwise directed. I 1"^. All laws of the State of Illinois, and all official writings, ami the e-xeeutive, le.L;islative and judicial }iroccedings, shall be conducted, preserved and published in no other than the English langnaire. I I'.l. The general assembly shall pass all laws necessary to carry into ctTect the provisions of this constitution. I id. The circuit clerks of the different counties having a pop- ulation over si.xty thousand, shall continue to be recorders (ex- offioio) for their respective counties, under this constitution, until the expiration of their respective terms. I 21. The .judges of all courts of record.5 in Coolc County shall, in lieu of any salary provided for in this constitution, receive the compensation now provided by law until the adjournment of the first session of general assembly after the adoption of this con- Blitution. I 22. The present judge of the circuit court of Cook county shall continue to hold the circuit court of Ijake county until otherwise provided by law. I 23. When this constitution shall be adopted, and take efTect as the supreme law of the State of Illinois, the two-mill tax pro- vided to be annually assessed and collected upon each dollar's worth of taxable property, in addition to all other taxes, as set forth in article fifteen of the now existing constitution, shall cease to be assessed after the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy. 5 21. Nothing contained in this constitmtion shall be so con- strued as to deprive the general assembly of the power to author- ize the city of Quincy to create any indebtedness- for railroad or municipal purposes, for which the people of said city shallhave voted, and to which they shall have given, by such vote, their assent, prior to the thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine: Provided, that no such indebtedness, so created, shall in any part thereof be paid by the State, or from any State revenue, tax or fund, but the same shall be paid, if at all, by the said city of Quincy alone, and by taxes to be levied upon the taxable property thereof: And provided, further, that the general assembly shall have no pjwer in the premises that it could not exercise under the pre- sent constitution of this State. I 2o. In case this constitution and the articles and sections submittexl separately be adopted, the existing constitution shall cease in all its provision? ; and in case this constitution be adopted, any one or more of its articles or sections submitted separately be defeated, the provisions of the existing constitution (if any) on the same subject shall remain in force. i 26. The provisions of this constitution required to be exe- cuted prior to the adoption or rejection thereof shall take effect and be in force immediately. Done in convention at the capital, in the city of Springfield, on the thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thou- sand eight hundred and seventy, and of the independence of the United States of America the ninety-fourth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names CHARLES HITCHCOCK, President. William J. Allen, John Abbott, James C. Allen, Elliott Anthony, Wm. R. Archer, Henry I. Atkins, Robert A. King, Jas. McCoy, Charles E. McDowell, William C. Goodue, Joseph Medill, Clifton H. Moore, James G. Bayne, R. M. Benjamin, II. P. II. Brownwell, U. Browning, Wm. O. Botvman, Silas L. Bryon, II. P. Buxton, Daniel Cameron, AVilliam Cary, Lawrence S. Church, Hiram H. Cody, W. F. Coolbaugh, Alfred JI. Craig, Robert J. Cross, Samuel P Cummings, John Dement, G. S, Eldridge, James W. English. David Ellis, Ferris Foreman, Jesse C. Fox, Miles A. Fuller, John P. Gamble, Addison Goodcll, John C. Haines, Elijah M. Haines, John W. Hankins, E. P. Hanna, Joseph Hart, Abel Harwood, Milton Hay, Samuel Snowden Hayes, Jesse S. Hildrup, Jonathan Merriam, Joseph Parker, Samuel C. Parks, Peleg S. Perley, J. S. Poage, Edward Y. Rice, James P. Robinson, Lewis W. Ross, William P. Pierce, N. J. Pillsbury, Jno. Scholfield, James M. Sharp, Ilenrv Sherrell, W. li. Snyder, O. C. Skinner, Westel W. Sedgwick, Charles F. Springer, John L. Tincher, C. Truesdale, Henry Tubbs, Thomas J. Turner, Wm. H. Underwooil, Wm. L. Vandeventer, Henry W. Wells, George E. Wait, George W. Wall, R. B. Sutherland, D. C. Wagner, Cieorge R. Wendling, Chas. Wheaton L. D. Whiting, John H. Wilson, Orlando H. Wright. -John Q. Harmon, Secretartj. Daniel Shepard, First Assistant [Secretary. A. H. Swain, Second Assistant Secretary. Office oj Secretary. IOeohgeH. Haklow, Secretary of the State of Illinni<:, do hereby eertify that the foregoing is a true copy of the constitution of the State of Illinois adopted in convention the 13th dav of May, 18711, ratified by a vote of tlie peo- ple tlie 2nd day of July, 1870, and in force on tlie 8th day of August, 1870, and now on file in tnis office. In testimony whereof I hereto set my hana and affix the Great Seal of State, at the city of 'Springfield, the 31st day of March, A. D. 1873. GEO. H. UABLOW, Secrctanj of Stale. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. Amending section 31, artic!e 4. ratified bv a vote of tlie people No Governor November 29, 1878. Section 31, Article 4. iOfU tricts, and vest the corpon The General Assembly may pas« la^vs permitting tho r struct drains ditche*, and leveew fr>rn£ricultiirai, sanitary and mininji purposes of others, and piovide fur the organization of drainage dis- rvuthorities thereof witli power to construct and ins 'and ditcher, and to keep in repair all drains, ditches and levees heretofore constructed under the laws of this State, by special as- sessments upon the property benelited thereby. Amending section 8, article 10. Proposed by the General Assembly, 1879, ratified by a vote of the people IS'ovemuer 2, 1&8(), proclaimed adopted by the Governor November 22, 1880 ; Section 8, Ae !lO. In each county (here shnll be elected the general election to be hi-M mu tht- Tursday at ■ing county officer^, at the tirst Monday in November, A D.1882: A county jii'l^"-. ctitioiis have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose charac- ter is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Ncjr have we been wanting in our attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time, ot attempts made by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have ajipealcd to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpati(ms, which would inevitably interrujitour connections and correspon- dence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace, friends. We, tlicrefore the reprcs,-nt;itives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in GENERAL CONGRESS assembled, appeal- ing to the Supreme Judge of the \V(.rld tor the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of Ihr-e eolonicsi .solemnlv publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, FREE AND INDEl'lC.NDKNT STATES; that they are ab-olved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all jiolitieal connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is. jiid ought to be, totallv dissolved ; and that .as FREE AND l.NDEl'KNDENT ST.\tKS, tbev have lull power to levy war, conclude peace, con- tract allianecs, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which INDEPENDENT STATES may of right do. And, for the support of this declaration, and a firm reliance on the protection of DIVINE PROVIDENCE, we mutually pledge tj each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. JOHN HANCOCK. 13 5C() HISTORY OF RAJ^DOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. We, the people of tlic United States, in order to form a more jiert'ect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide lin- the coinuKin defence, promote the general welfare and secure i\\c hlc-i-injri of liberty to ourselves and our pos- terity, dii Drd.iiii and e^tablisli this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. Section 1. All loni4;itiv.' imwers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress nf the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section' 2. The ILiu-c uf Iteprcsentative^ shall be composed of iiuiub. IS chosen evcrv second vear by the people of the sev- er.il S ;ii,-s ;ni 1 the clc.tors in eaih State shall have the qualiii- cnt> ii irqui itc tor electors of the most numerous branch of the St. I ■ I. ■-i-latiire. Xo |., 1.-. ui shall be a Representative who shall not have at- tained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. r.'lirc-ciitative^ and direct taxes shall be a|ipiirtioned .among th ■ .eveiMl St.it.s whieh iiia\ be included wilbin lies Union, ac- coi-diii^' lo tlieiv re.,;.eetiv.' iuimliers, which shall be iletei'mincd by acblinj;' lo the whole number of tree persons including those bound to service for a term of ye.ars, and excluding Indians not tixed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Repre-cnt itives shall not cxiTcd one for evcrv thirty thousand, but eaeh St iti' >li:ill liave ;it least one Kepre-i-iitativc ; and until such e'liiui i- ;ti .ii .hall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled loeh<.o>,- three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island ami Providence I'lantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New .Ii'r ey fair, rcnn-ylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, and Ge^rgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be com- posed of two Senators from eaeh State, chosen by the Legisla- ture thereof, for six years ; and eaeh Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated .at the expiration of the second year, of the sieoiid class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third cbc-s at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen by resigna-- tion, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, jvhich shall then fill such vacancies. No )ierson shall be a Senator ivho shall not have attained to the ae-e of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United Sidles, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice President of the United States sh.all be the President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally di- vided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a Presi- dent pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirma- tion. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief .Tustice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the eoncurrenee of two- thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and en- joy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictaicnt, trial, judgment and punishment according to law. Section 4. Tlu' limes, j)laecs and manner of holding elections fir Senators and l;c|>resciilatives, shall be prescribed in eaeh State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Jlonday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a diflerent day. Section 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of eaeh shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number nuay adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to coriipel the attendance of absent members in such manner, and under such ]ienalties as each house may provide. Each hous ■ may determine the rules of its proceedings, pun- ish its metnlier- lor disorderly behaviour, and, with the concur- rence of two-tliirds, expel a member. Eaeh house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same cxcejiling such parts as may in their judgment require .secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either lioiise on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of tlio-e |.ie-eiit, be entered on the journal. Neither house, during the .session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all eases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning froni the same ; and for any speech or debate in cither house they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative sh.all, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the author- ity of the Uiii led States, \N Inch shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no pei-son holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during Lis continuance in office. Section 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives : but the Senate may propose or con- cur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have pas.scd the House of Representa- tives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it with his objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the ob- jections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two-thinls of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be recon- sidered, if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons vot- ing for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like man- ner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjourn- ment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence of Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment], shall be presented to the Presi- dent of the United States ; and before the .same shall take etfect, shall be approved by him, or being disa]iproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representa- tives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 14 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MOXROL AXD PERRY COUXTIES, ILLINOIS. Se Tiox 8. The Congress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay th2 debts and provide for the coininon defense and general wel- fare of the United Slates; but all duties, imposts and excises shill be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow money on the credit of the United States; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the ssveral States, and with tlie Indian tribes; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures ; To ])rovide for the punishment of couuterfeiting the securities an 1 current coin of the United .States; To establish [lost-oflices ^md post-roails ; To promote tlie progres-! of science and useful arts, by secur- ing for limited times to authors an i inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; To constitute tribunals iiiferior to the Sujireme Court ; To define and pu lish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and olfences against the law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of maniueand reprisal, and make rule? concerning captures on land and water; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; To provide and maintain a navy ; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions; To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such pact of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. To exercise leiiislation in all cases whatsoever, over such dis- tricts (not exceeding ten miles square), as may by the cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress become the seat of the g jvernment of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legisla- ture of the State in whicii tlie same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards and other needful build- ings; — and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for car- rying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in tlie government of the United States, or to anv department or officer tlierenf Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States ujw existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privileges of the writ of h.ibeas corpus shall not be sus- pended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No billof attainder or ex-post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid unless in pro- portion to the census, or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any Sute. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to, or from one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in con- sequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States ; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall without the consent of Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. Section 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque or reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exjiorts, except what may be ab- solutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, withcmt the consent of the Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE IL Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a Presi- dent of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, an?, TlIO. FlTZ-SIMONS, James Wilson, Thom.\s Mikflin, }ffiry1and. EOGER SUEEMAN. JAMF.S M'HenrY, Georgia. (lEO. Cly.mer, Panl. Carrol, William Few, yew York. .Tared Ingebsoll, Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. .\br. Baldwin. .\LE.XAXDER Ha.MILTON. Cioiv. Morris. Attest: WILLIAM JACKSOX, Secretary. -*€se^3^*G3^9^^- AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Promised by Conjrcss, and ratified by the Leyislalures nf the several Stales, purstiant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. ARTICLE I. Congress shall make no l;iw respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free e.xercise thereof; or abridging the frecJom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peacefully to assemble, and to petition the government for a re- dress of grievances. ARTICLE II. A well regulated militia being necessary tT the security of a free St.ite, tbe right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE in. Xo soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE IV. The right the of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and eTects, against ui)roasnnable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon prob- able cause, supported by oath or afhrmation, and jjarticularly describing t'.ie place to be searched, and the person or things to bo seized. ARTICLE V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment by a Grand Jury, e.Kcept in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopartly of lifnor limb; nor sh.all be compelled in anv criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be de- prived of life, liberty or property, without due process of Law ; nor s'.iall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions, th" accused shall enjoy the right ti a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the Sl.iteand district wlierein the crime shall have been committed, which dis- trict shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be con- fronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. In suits : ARTICLE VII. ; common law where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be pre- served, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of tbe United States, than according to the rules of the common haw. ARTICLE VIII. Excessive bails shall not be required, nor excessive fines im- posed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. ARTICLE IX. The enumeration in this Constitution, of certain rights, shall not lie construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitu- tion, nor i)rohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XL The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another Slate, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. ARTICLE XII. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; thev shall name in their ballot the person to be voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the jierson voted for as Vice President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, aiid all i)ers')ns voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the scat of government of the United St.atcs, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate -shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then b.^ counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a m.TJoritv of the whole number of elector^ appointed ; and if no person have such m.ijoritv. then from the persons having the hizhest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose im- mediatclv, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the Presi- dent, the" vote shall be taken by States, the representation from each Statp having one vote; a'quorum for this purpose shall con- 17 510 HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. sist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the Hoiise of Representatives shall not choose a President when- ever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other Consti- tutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President, shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no pt'rson have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two- thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eli- gible to that of Vice President of the United States. ARTICLE XIII. Section 1. Xcithor slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment lor crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdictiim. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the I'nited States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the pTonortion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male'citizens twenty-one years of agfe in such State. Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office civil or military, under the United States or under any Staie who, having previously taken oath as Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or com- fort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt of obligation in- curred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, orany loss for emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XV. Section!. The rights of citizens of the L'nited States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 18 o o OO NO S ti3JJi r ^ o a ^ -^. S ';\ ^;^ w ^/ "^ >—> ^ ^ x:^ a <- ^«i^ »-H P^ ;j;^ . 0^ ' 0> ^^ r-» X: o -^ ^ , »-* u; »'' ^ - ,J '^^ »-H ■^^ . . »--♦ ^ • ^ ^ ^ Jb ^.^ O ^ o ^^ ^^ >^ ..*«^ -^ j\r m n 'WO i;h ./ '■ « »/>,'V,:,'.; 7 ' i Jitt V ^ (1 • mm m Hi il ' \\ h u^ m^ m J(n>. ilX) l-x \ l'( i^ \ AVI ;^ I vu/r I J 1^^ SM '^\ UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA Q,977.39C7331974 C001 COMBINED HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND 3 0112 025399780