'S'/I.'T . \ Sanitary Survey for Schools And Diagnostic Table School Room T eacher_ Date_^ Whitaker & Ray-Wiggin Co* San Francisco Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. U. of I. Library reprinted. 11148-S S~0 ‘S' Oo I Contagious Diseases and School Sanitation 69 Sanitation of Schools. The subject of School Sanitation is far too compre- hensive to treat at all completely in a book of the scope of this one ; moreover, there already exists a number of excellent works on this subject which are accessible for teachers. For this reason only some general features of School Sanitation will be presented and more es- pecially those which ought to come rather directly under the observation and control of the teacher than of the sanitary officer. The whole subject from the teacher’s point of view may be profitably presented in the form of a “Sanitary Survey.” Such a survey ought to be intelligently undertaken by every conscientious and efficient teacher in a public school. The questions under I (A) should be answered by teachers, the re- mainder by the Principal. Sanitary Survey of a School. 1 I. BUILDING. A. School Room. Yes No 1. Is damp sweeping practiced? 2. Is a moist cloth used for wiping up dust? 3. Has the feather duster been abolished? 4. Is any disinfectant used upon the floors? ' 5. Are the desks cleaned with a disinfectant? 6. Are the school books disinfected when necessary? 7. Is the common use of articles which might carry infection avoided? 1 Use a check to answer the questions. I In response to a demand for class work these pages have been reprinted^ without revision, from ^*The Health Index of Children/^ by Dr. Ernest Bryant Hoag. Copyright, 1910 Whitaker & Ray-Wiggin Co. 7FIA h H ^ ^ Contagious Diseases and School Sanitation 69 Sanitation of Schools. The subject of School Sanitation is far too compre- hensive to treat at all completely in a book of the scope of this one ; moreover, there already exists a number of excellent works on this subject which are accessible for teachers. For this reason only some general features of School Sanitation will be presented and more es- pecially those which ought to come rather directly under the observation and control of the teacher than of the sanitary officer. The whole subject from the teacher's point of view may be profitably presented in the form of a “Sanitary Survey.” Such a survey ought to be intelligently undertaken by every conscientious and efficient teacher in a public school. The questions under I (A) should be answered by teachers, the re- mainder by the Principal. Sanitary Survey of a School. 1 I. BUILDING. A. School Room. Yes No -_Q_ 1. Is damp sweeping practiced? ' ^ 2. Is a moist cloth used for wiping up dust? l-i 3. Has the feather duster been abolished? ^ 4. Is any disinfectant used upon the floors? 5. Are the desks cleaned with a disinfectant? 6. Are the school books disinfected when necessary? 7. Is the common use of articles which might carry infection avoided? 1 Use a check to answer the questions. p 8’7872 70 The Health Index of Children Yes No 8. Has a list of such articles been made up? 1 9. If a “Plenum” or other system of artificial ventilation is used is it in good working Older ? 10. Are some of the windows always thrown open if the motor is not in operation? 11. If an artificial system is not used are some of the windows always kept open both from the top and the bottom? 12. Are ventilation boards fitted in under the lower sash? 12. Are all the windows thrown open at recess? 14. Have" desks been re-dressed within two years? 15. If a stove is used in the room does it have a “jacket” around it and is there special arrangement for ingress and discharge of the air from the room? 16. If a furnace is used does the air-box con- nect directly with the outer air, and is outer opening kept free from dirt, leaves, snow, etc.? 17. Is some arrangement made to keep the air of the room sufficiently moist? 18. Is the fresh air inlet removed from toilets or other sources of contamination? 19. Is the room free from unpleasant odors at all times? 20. Are dustless crayons used? 21. Are green or brown flat finish boards usee instead of glossy black? 22. Are erasers cleaned thoroughly every day out of doors? 23. Are the floors oiled or otherwise treated tc prevent dust rising from them? 24. Is the room temperature kept even? 25. Is it kept under 70 degrees and over 6C degrees? Contagious Diseases and School Sanitation 71 Yes No 23. Do the windows have an area equal at least to one-fifth the fioor area? 27. Are the desks so placed as never to face direct sunlight? 2S. Is the room evenly lighted? 29. Are dark window shades avoided? 30. Are white shades avoided? 31. Are yellow or linen colored shades used? 32. Is the tinting of the walls light enough? 33. Are neutral colors used? 34. Is the ceiling lighter than the walls? 35. Is over decoration avoided? 36. Are the seats adjustable? 37. Are the desks adjustable? 38. Are they adjusted? 39. Are wooden footstools provided where the seats cannot be adjusted? 40. Is a light, dry, clean, ventilated room pro- vided for clothing? 41. Is over-crowding of pupils avoided? 42. Are deaf pupils seated near the front? 43. Are pupils with defective vision seated near the front? 44. Are pupils with skin diseases excluded? The IIeaeth Index of Children Yes No 45. Are pupils with lice excluded? 4G. Are contagious diseases recognized early? 47. Is strict exclusion practiced in contagious diseases? 48. Are certificates from physicians required for re-admission? 49. Is successful vaccination required? 50. Are ordinary physical defects looked for and recognized easily? 51. Are parents notified of the presence of de- fects? 52. Are mentally defective pupils excluded? 53. Are children with fits excluded? 54. Are children with St. Vitus Dance excluded? 55. Is there medical supervision of pupils? 56. Is there medical inspection of buildings? 57. Are the windows screened? B. Halls. 1. Are the halls clean? 2. Are floors properly prepared to keep them free from dust? 3. Are halls well lighted? 4. Are they well heated? 5. Is liquid soap provided in hall wash basins? Contagious Diseases and School Sanitation 73 Yes No 6. Are sanitary drinking- faucets or fountains provided? 7. Has the roller towel been abolished? 8. Has the common drinking cup been abol- ished? 9. Are the halls well ventilated? 10. Are exits plentiful and unobstructed? 11. Are stairs wide and straight? 12. Are the halls free from obstructions? C. Tke Basement. 1. Are the floors clean and dry? 2. Are they of cement? 3. Are wash basins and sinks clean? 4. Are individual towels provided? 5. Are there any shower baths? 6. Are toilets clean and well ventilated? 7. Is the plumbing modern? 8. Is the air wholesome? 9. Are toilets well shut oft from air intakes? 10. Are sanitary faucets or fountains provided? 11. Is the ventilation and heating apparatus in order? 74 The Health Index of Children Yes No II. THE GROUNDS. 1. Are the play-grounds large and adequate for the number of pupils? 2. Are they well drained, dry and even? 3. Is there any play-ground supervision? 4. Is play apparatus provided? 5. Are some open air rooms provided for play, rest, lunch, protection from weather, and for recitations? 6. Are the grounds well separated from un- desirable neighbors? III. GENKRAL SANITATION. 1. Is a lunch room provided for teachers? o Is one provided for pupils? 3. Do the lunch rooms have tables? 4. May a hot lunch be obtained? 5. Is there a pleasant rest room for teachers and pupils? G. Is there an “emergency” outfit provided? 7. Is instruction given on how to use such an outfit? 8. Is practical hygiene taught? 9. Is individual cleanliness insisted upon? 10. Have the teachers been taught how to de- tect ordinary ph 3 "sical defects? 11. Is practical dental hygiene taught by actual observation of the teeth? Contagious Diseases and School Sanitation 75 Yes No 12. Is there any personal inspection of pupils? 13. Is school credit given for neatness and cleanliness? 14. Are older pupils taught to make simple sanitary surveys of what they see at stores, shops, homes, parks, dairies, on the streets, etc? — - — 15. Is any inspection ever made of pupils’ lunches? 16. Are pupils encouraged to inspect them- selves and their own environment to detect errors? IV. THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE SCHOOL. 1. Is the ground well drained? 2. Are tin cans and other receptacles in which rain water might collect kept picked up? 3. Are other breeding places of mosquitos de- stroyed? 4. Is garbage of all kinds properly destroyed? 5. Is manure and other refuse hauled away as fast as it collects? 6. Are family garbage cans kept covered? 7. Is it thoroughly understood at your school that all refuse of the above sort fur- nishes breeding places for flies? 8. Is the air in the neighborhood of the school clean and free from an excess of gases, dust and smoke? 9, Is your drinking water from a safe source? 10. Does your school understand just how a school drinking water supply may be- come infected with sewage? 11. Are you relatively free from flies? 12. Are vacant lots kept clean? Diagnostic Table Diagnostic Table 13 DIAGNOSTIC TABLE Signs of Disorders and their Indications. (To be observed by teacher or parent.) SYMPTOMS. Mouth breathing Prominent u'pper teeth Loud breathing Nasal voice Catarrh Running nose Frequent colds Sore throat Offensive breath Cough Blank expression Slow mentality Deafness Poor physical development Earache Discharge Inattention Poor spelling Watching of lips Slow progress Headache INDICATIONS. ^ Disorders of Nose, Throat and Ear. (Chapter I.) Sore eyes of any kind Styes Congested eyes Crossed eye Squinting Headache Peculiar postures when reading Holding book too near face Poor reading or spelling Dizziness Eye Disorders am? > Defects. • (Chapter II.) l4 Decay of teeth Disc oloi alioi) ( rooked teeth Prominent teeth Offensive breath Poor articulation Broken teeth Mal-iiutritioii Teeth Defects. (Chapter III.) I )iA(i\\osric Pallor Flushed face Eruptions Scratching Sleepiness Lassitude Vomiting Headache Cough Running nose Congested eyes I I Contagious Diseases (Chapter IV.) Inability to hold objects well j Spasmodic movements Twitching of eyes, face or any part of the body Irritability Fits Bad temper Fainting Nail biting Undue emotion of any sort Frequent requests to “go out” > Timidity Stammering C ruelty Perverted tastes r.Toroseness Solitary habits Undue embarrassment TTndue activity Misbehavior Sex perversions Nervous Disorders. (Chapter V.) Diagnostic Table 15 Pallor Emaciation Enlarged glands in neck PufRness of face or eyes Shortness of breath Lassitude Perverted tastes (e. g. foods) Slow mentality Peculiar or faulty postures Under development Excessive fat Vicious personal habits Low endurance power Irritability Disinclination to play Fatigue. Nutritional and Gen- > feral Disturbances. (Chapter VI.) Walking “pigeon toed” A shuffling, inelastic walk Toeing markedly out Advancing foot by exaggerated knee action Long axes of foot and leg meet at unusually wide angles Shifting from foot to foot Standing on outer edge of feet Locking knees Leaning against wall or desk Shoes run over at either side Front of heel worn down Outer and back part of heel worn down Wearing out of soles asymetrically Congestion of the feet Swelling, pufflness Excessive perspiration Callouses Twitching of the foot muscles *Defects of the Feet (Chapter VII.) Unequal height of shoulders Standing on sides of feet Prominent abdomen Flat chest Curved back Stooping Incorrect Posture. (Chapter VIII.) *The teacher should remember always that painful “weak feet” are not necessarily flat and conversely that flat pronated feet may not be painful. No child will present all of the above symptoms.