The Pottery and Porcelain of New Jersey Prior to 1876 Catalog of an Exhibition February 1 to March 20, 1915 Newark, N. J. The Newark Museum Association 1915 25*15 DIRECT 6lfl Contents Page Note of explanation . 5 References 5 Abbreviations . , 6 Burlington 7 Flemington 7 Haddonfield 8 South Amboy , 9 New Brunswick 10 Elizabeth 11 Woodbridge 12 Hackensack 13 Caldwell 14 Lambertville 16 Bor ; nr:* e ,t .... _• 17 Perth Amboy 17 Newark 18 J ersey City 21 Trenton 23 Unidentified pieces 29 List of contributors 31 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/potteryporcelainOOnewa Note of Explanation This catalog is not merely a list. It is a permanent record of the nature and location of historic material which will grow more valuable as the years pass. Although New Jersey is rich in usable clays whose value was early appreciated, there has been, we believe, no previous attempt to bring together a collection of the products of her pioneer potteries. That the Newark Museum is able to assemble the examples listed here is due to the co-operation of the Women’s Clubs of the State through their State Federa- tion, to the courtesy of Dr. E. A. Barber of the Pennsylvania Museum, and to the interest shown by the many persons throughout the state to whom appeals were made by letter and through the press. The story of the early potteries is one of absorbing interest and even romance, which is yet to be written. If the present exhibition serves to arouse an appreciation of the growth and dignity of an industry which ranks New Jersey second only to Ohio, it has been worth the doing. References Barber. Pottery and Porcelain of the United States. 3rd ed. 1909. Barber. Marks of American Potters. 1904. Jervis. Book of Pottery Marks. 1897. For additional notes on potteries we are indebted to : Miss M. A. Demarest, New Brunswick. Miss S. F. F. Benton, Perth Amboy. Poillon Pottery Works, Woodbridge. Mrs. G. W. Prall, Lambertville. The Haddon Fortnightly, Haddonfield. Mrs. F. A. Westervelt, Hackensack. 6 The Newark Museum Association Abbreviations dec. — decoration. estab. — established, imp. — impressed. coll. — collection, c. c. — cream colored ware. The dates assigned to the pottery are in most cases only approximate. A list of persons lending will be found at the end of the catalog. New Jersey Potteries The Museum’s reprint of the chapter on New Jersey Pot- teries from Dr. Barber’s book and of the Marks of New Jer- sey Potteries, is now offered for sale at fifty cents per copy. The edition is nearly exhausted. The Pottery and Porcelain of New Jersey Burlington, New Jersey Coxe Pottery Works. Previous to 1865 Dr. Daniel Coxe of London, afterward governor of New Jersey caused a pottery to be erected at Burlington, N. J., for the manufacture of “white and chiney ware”. A great deal of trouble was experienced in finding suitable clays and competent workmen, although in 1688 “a greate quantity to ye value of 1200 li have been already made and vended in ye Country neighbor colonies and ye Islands of Barbadoes and Jamaica where they are in great request”. This was the first attempt to manufacture white ware in the colonies. The clay was prob- ably brought from South Amboy. The exact location of the pottery is not known. It was probably somewhere between Burlington and Trenton. It is quite possible that a thorough search made in the neighborhood of Burlington would discover more of this ware. Historically, it is as interesting as any pottery made in the United States and it would certainly repay antiquarians or persons interested in the history of New Jersey for the effort to recover some of this old Coxe “chiney” ware. There are only two examples at present known to collectors. See Bar- ber, Pottery p. 54-58. 1. Fragment of red earthenware, herringbone fluting. Covered with a white tin enamel which is peeling away from the red clay. Size 6"x7%". Barber. Flemington, New Jersey Fulper Pottery Company. Estab. 1805 by Abraham Fulper. The early products were stoneware, crocks, flowerpots, brown glazed ware. At present they also manufacture earthenware for domestic use, but are best known for their art pottery. See exhibition on fourth floor. 2. Jar, red earthenware. 1840. Bright orange glaze flecked throughout with tiny black splashes. No. mark. Cover missing. Height §Y2 r - Fulper Pottery Co. 8 The Newark Museum Association 3. Pipkin, stoneware. 1850. Elliptical handle, disc cover with knob. No mark. Height 4%". Lyman. 4. Shaving cup, red earthenware. 1850. Reddish-brown glaze splashed with black. No mark. Height 4". Akers. 5. Crock, stoneware. 1860. Vertical sides, flat rim, handles. Gray glaze, brown lining. Floral pattern in dull blue on one side. Mark imp. beneath rim, Fulper Bros. Flemington, N. J. Height diam. 8". Salmon. 6. Jar, stoneware. 1860. Gray glaze shading to tan, brown lining. Mark imp. on shoulder, G. W. Fulper & Bros. Flemington, N. J. No cover. Height 9". Smith. Haddonfield, New Jersey About 1805 a pottery was established in Haddonfield which continued in operation under various local owners until about 1883. In 1830 the pottery was owned by Richard Snowdon. Since 1894 the works have been occupied by Chas. Wingender & Bros., who until recently made decorative stoneware mugs, tankards and water coolers. They are now about to go out of business. 7. Baking dish, red earthenware. 1815. Rectangular, slanting sides, indented rim. Orange-yellow glaze splashed with brown, slip dec. and inscription U. A. Githens, W. G. Githens. Unglazed beneath. Imperfect. Length 15", width 10%". Githens. 8. The same. 1815. Oval with gently curving sides, indented rim. Reddish glaze with spot dec. of yellow slip. Unglazed beneath. No mark. Length 16", width 10". Clement. Richard Snowdon. 9. Bowl, red earthenware. 1830. Circular, slanting sides, concave rim. Orange-red glaze decorated with narrow bands of yellow slip. Foot unglazed. Imperfect. No mark. Height 4%", diam. 12". Alexander. Note. Mrs. Alexander is a great-grand-daughter of Richard Snowdon. 9 New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain South Amboy, New Jersey Warne & Letts. No data about this pottery. 10. Crock, stoneware. 1806. Ovoid, heavy curved handles, wide mouth. Salt glaze. Imp. border around shoulder and collar divided by ribbed band l 1 /!" deep. Mark, Warne & Letts. 1806. S. Amboy, N. J. imp. above triangle with cres- cent edge. Height 12%". Hoagland. Humiston & Warner. No data. 11. Jug. Stoneware. Ovoid. Salt glaze. Cobalt blue dec. beneath imp. mark in blue, Humiston & Warner, South Am- boy. Height 11". . Ely. A. Cadmus. Congress Hill Pottery. “A pottery which came to be known as Congress Hill Pottery was early established at the foot of the Bordentown turnpike, on the beach and near the old dock known as Gordon’s dock, by William Hancock, an Englishman by birth, who manufactured a superior quality of chinaware. Hancock was soon succeeded by George Price and others, who carried on the manufacture of stoneware for several years, when the pottery was abandoned and stood idle until 1849, when it was purchased by Abraham Cadmus, who made .Rockingham and yellow-ware until his death, about 1854. The pottery remained inactive until 1857, when it was bought by Joseph Wooton, who operated it until 1860, when he was succeeded by William A. Allen. In 1861 the establish- ment was destroyed by fire. This factory is well remembered by the older residents. It was a wood structure resting on a brick foundation.” From Clayton. History of Union and Middlesex Counties, p. 832. See Barber. Pottery, p. 453. 12. Pitcher. 1850. Mug shaped with brown glaze through- out, cylindrical ribbed spout just below the rim, rustic handle forked at top, relief dec. of grapes and leaves. Mark imp. A. Cadmus, Congress Pottery South Amboy, N. J. Height 7%". Kitchel. 13. Hunting pitcher. 1850. Mottled brown glaze, yellow base and lining. Hunting scene in relief, oak border, rustic 10 The Newark Museum Association handle, frog in bottom. B. Hazelton in raised letters beneath spout. No mark. Height 9". Barber. See Barber, Pot- tery, p. 453. W/A, Allen. .14. Vase, terra cotta. 1860. Pear shaped, with wide flar- ing mouth. Pinkish surface, relief dec. in white, black and gold strapwork and oval medallions containing draped figures in classic style. No mark. Height 12%". Cronk. 15. Bracket, terra cotta. 1860. Mermaid supporting square abacus. Painted in brown, gold and flesh tones. No mark. Height 12%". Cronk. New Brunswick, New Jersey As early as 1810 Capt. Ephraim G. Mackay conducted a pottery here. In that year he offered “his residence and his exclusive Pot House” for sale. In 1822 he informed his cus- tomers that he had rebuilt and enlarged that part of his factory lately destroyed by fire and had now “a complete assortment of tile and earthenware”, also “Black teapots constantly on hand”. Capt. Mackay died in 1826. The Mackay works were continued under different owners until about 1880. In 1875 they were owned by Mr. A. J. Buttler, whose superintendent was a Mr. Atkinson. Adam Green and a man named Price were also associated with pottery works, probably about 1840. Messrs. Horner & Shirley operated a pottery on Water Street in 1831, where they made flint stone- ware and are said to have produced small pitchers and mugs decorated with raised figures. The pottery exhibited is believed to have been made in New Brunswick between 1830 and 1850. 16. Jar, red earthenware. Pear shaped body, ribbed bands at shoulder, indented border around collar, curved han- dles with depression at top. Reddish brown glaze through- out, splashed with black and extending nearly to foot. No mark. Imperfect. Height 10%".- Arndt. New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain 11 ,17. Covered jar, .red earthenware. Ovoid, domed cover with knob. Brilliant reddish-brown glaze throughout, splashed with black extending nearly to foot. No mark. Imperfect. Height 8". Arndt. Note. Rich in color and very decorative. 18. Mug, earthenware. Cylindrical, spreading foot. Dark brown glaze throughout, extending nearly to foot. Sgraffito dee. of bird and leafy twig. Height 4%". No mark. Antin. Note. The body of the mug has evidently received two coats of glaze, the first yellow, the outer brown. The pattern is formed by removing the outer coat only, exposing the yellow coat beneath. Mackay Pottery. 18a. Jar, yellow earthenware. About 1840. Cylindrical with flaring collar, disc cover. Dull brown glaze. No mark. Height 5 Demarest. A. J. Buttler. 19. Pitcher, stoneware. 1875. Ovoid, pinched spout, salt glaze. Splashed with cobalt blue beneath spout and either side of imp. mark. A. J. Buttler, Manufacterur, New Bruns- wick, N. J. Height 8%". Smith. Elizabeth, New Jersey A stone ware pottery was estab. in Elizabeth about 1816. From 1835 to 1879 it was operated by a Mr. Pruden who made yellow and Rockingham wares in addition to stoneware. The factory was later occupied by L. B. Beerbower & Co., and at present by the Standard Sanitary Pottery Co. 20. Jar, stoneware. Wide mouth, handles. Heavy gray glaze, brown lining. Two imp. lines around shoulder. Dec. in dark blue below imp. mark J. M. Pruden, Elizabeth, N. J. Height 14%". Osborn. Note. A heavy water-pitcher recently brought to our atten- tion is probably one of a pattern turned out at the Pruden pot- tery for the' Centennial Celebration. The body is fluted above 12 The Newark Museum Association a ribbed border, on either side is the American eagle with shield etc. At the top is a border of stars and beneath the covered spout a scroll pattern. This pitcher is at present covered with a thick white enamel through which the buff color of the original glaze may be seen. Woodbridge, New Jersey Salamander Works. This pottery, at one time the largest clay products plant in the state was estab. 1825 by Michiel Lefoulon. Mr. Lefoulon died at sea in 1842 and was suc- ceeded by Henry DeCasse. In 1867 the style became Poillon & Weidner. The Salamander Works were incorporated in 1871 with William Poillon as Pres. The plant was steadily enlarged and contained 8 kilns, employing 125 persons in 1882. In August 1896 the works were destroyed by fire and in April 1898 the corporation was dissolved. C. L. & E. C. Poillon now maintain an art pottery in Woodbridge. The output of the Salamander Works consisted of fire-brick, glazed sewer and water pipes, baker’s ovens, stove linings, cylinder brick, dentists’ furnaces and retorts, crucibles, fire proofing and paving brick. During DeCasse ’s time, 1842-1867, Rockingham ware was also made. The only examples of this product at present identified are the Hound-handle pitchers in various sizes. These were apparently adapted from the Great- bach model (Jersey City) and are distinguished largely by an indented lambrequin or border at the shoulder above the hunting scene. 21. “Hound” pitcher. 1845. Brown glaze, turning to dark olive-brown on body, yellow lining. Hound handle, grape vine border, hunting scene in relief below indented lambre- quin. W. M. Fahnestock in white letters on shoulder. Mark scratched in glaze on base, Salamander Works, Woodbridge, N. J. Spout broken. Height 9 1 /2". Mitchell. 22. The same. 1845. Rich, reddish glaze, yellow lining. David Cutter in white letters on shoulder. No mark. Height 91k". Voorhees. New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain 13 23. The same. 1845. Dull light-brown glaze, grayish- yellow lining. Doctor E. B. Freeman in white letters on shoulder. Imperfect. No mark. Height 7%". Sewaren History Club. 24. The same. 1845. Light brown glaze, grayish-yellow lining. C. Carrington in white letters on shoulder. No mark. Height 5". Barber. Hackensack, New Jersey Hackensack clay has been largely turned into brick. One of the first brick yards was at New Bridge on the historic Zabriskie estate. Here between 1813-1829 they are reported to have made ‘‘straw” brick which may still be dug up on the site. The first brick yard in the city of Hackensack was started in 1853 by Philip Shafer and Isaac Hamilton. In 1860 Andrew Sears opened a yard to the north of Shafer & Hamilton, and Moses Sears purchased the Shafer & Hamilton yard. Moses and Andrew Sears also had a brick yard on the east side of the river which was discontinued as the clay gave out. In 1869 the Moses Sears yard was purchased by John Schmults, whose son now carries on the business. John Schmults had previously been located on the river at Bogota in the yard formerly operated by John Marcle. In 1847 Elizabeth Sutliff, a negro woman, bought ten acres of land on the river in Hackensack for $1,500. She carried on a large business in the sale of clay, which was sent by boat to potteries in Newark, Jersey City and other places. In 1869 she sold to Brundagi & Schmults for $15,000. At Little Ferry was a clay bank owned by Mr. De Peyster Stagg, who also sold clay to the New Jersey potteries. About 1840 a pottery was established near what is now River Edge by George Wolf kill who came from Pennsyl- vania. In the present collection are also some flower-pots made by a certain Jacques Mirgot between 1869-1872. There 14 The Newark Museum Association can be no doubt that potteries turning out earthenware for local use existed in the neighborhood but we have been able to learn little about them. George Wolf kill. 1842. 25. Pie plate, red earthenware. Reddish-brown glaze, indented edge. Dec. of branching vine and leaf-shaped units in yellow slip. Bottom unglazed. Diam. VZVz" . Auryansen. 26. The same. 1842. Dec. of dots and leaf-shaped units in yellow slip. Diam. 11%". Auryansen. Jacques Mir got. 27. Flower-pot, red earthenware. 1870. Fluted edge, hard brown glaze extending nearly to foot. Imperfect. Height 6V 2 ", diam. 8". Bergen County Historical Society. 28. The same. 1870. Unglazed, projecting collar %" deep, granular surface of fine texture due to wheel process instead of present method of machine pressing. Height 3%". Bergen Co. Hist. Soc. 29. The same. Similar to above without collar. Warped in firing. Height 3%". Bergen Co. Hist. Soc. Caldwell, New Jersey About 1840 a Capt. Thomas Denham Gould is said to have owned a flourishing pottery in Caldwell, situated on what was then called the Center Hill Road now Roseland Ave., between Caldwell and Roseland. The business was discontinued about 1860. The following pieces, all unmarked, are said to have been made there. They show an interesting variety of shapes and glaze. The body is a red earthenware of rather light and porous quality, with a brilliant but soft glaze. 30. Crock, stoneware. Ovoid, wide mouth, handles. Gray glaze, black lining. No decoration. Height 7", diam. 5%". Osborn. 31. The same. Similar shape. Grayish-brown glaze throughout, showing faint traces of blue floral dec. Warped New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain 15 in firing, shows large blisters, some broken, others appearing as egg-shaped swellings. Height 8%". Osborn. 32. The same. Vertical sides, wide mouth, handles. Green- ish-brown glaze, ribbed band around center. Glaze chipped away at edges uncovering red clay body. Height 8 14 ", diam. 91 4' '• Osborn. 33. Jar, red earthenware. Cylindrical, slanting shoulder, flaring collar. Reddish-brown glaze throughout, splashed with black and extending nearly to base on outside. No cover. Glaze worn away af edges. Height 12%". Osborn. 34. The same. Similar shape but slightly flaring toward top. Greenish-brown glaze throughout, extending to within %" of base. No cover. Imperfect. Height 8". Osborn. 35. Field jug. Soft dull-black glaze throughout. Height 7% f/ . Osborn. 36. Pie plate, red earthenware. Circular, finely toothed edge, dark brown glaze. The name Caroline in yellow slip. Diam. 12%". Osborn. 37. Mixing bowl, red earthenware. Thick reddish-brown glaze splashed with black extending nearly to foot. Worn at edges and center exposing red clay body. Height 4 : */2 r/ ? diam. 12". Osborn. 38. The same. Flattened rim. Orange-red glaze splashed at regular intervals with brown. Height 4", diam. 10%". Osborn. 39. The same. Similar to No. 37. Height 3 diam. 8 14 ". Osborn. Note. The glaze on Nos. 37, 38 is unusually brilliant and rich in color. The following pieces are also believed to have been made in Caldwell. 40. Jar. Ovoid, with comparatively small mouth and heavy rim, handles. Dull grayish-yellow surface, black lining. Dec. on either side of floral pattern in pale cobalt-blue beneath 16 The Newark Museum Association imp. mark B. Lent, Caldwell, dashes of blue at base of handles. Imperfect. Height 17%". Waring. Note. This jar shows an almost classic feeling for form and proportion, resembling closely the Grecian stamnos without the neck and with handles attached to the sides instead of rising from the shoulder. The earthenware body resembles a yellowish terra cotta. It is covered with a thin soft-toned slip coating which is now peeling away. The decoration is boldly and gracefully executed. 42. Jar. Similar in shape and glaze to No. 33. Disc cover with knob. Height 8". Disbrow. Lambertville, New Jersey Previous to 1848 Joseph Raisner owned a pottery here whose output consisted of red earthenware for domestic use, ‘‘milk pans, colanders, toys, money jugs made in the form of vases, without handles, a knob on the top and an aperture in the side for the money, and flower pots, some of which were made with latticed tops and a decoration on the sides of colored leaves under the glaze. The pottery was situated between York and Hancock streets, near Washington street, and the land on which it stood is referred to in old deeds as the Rais- ner pottery lot.” The ware was unmarked, the glaze soft but brilliant. 43. Jug. 1840. Vertical sides sloping abruptly to neck, handle rises at right angles between neck and shoulder. Red- dish-brown glaze closely flecked with metallic black, extend- ing within inch of base. No mark. Height Ryan. 44. Jar. 1840. Straight sides, slanting shoulder, vertical collar. Brilliant orange-red glaze throughout extending nearly to base. Imperfect. Height 8". Akers. 45. Pie plate. 1840. Reddish-brown glaze. Imperfect. Diam. 9". Krewson. 46. Spittoon. 1840. Circular. Dull orange-red glaze splashed with metallic black. Bands of indented dec. Un- New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain 17 glazed beneath. Imperfect. Height 3%", diameter 7%". Ryan. 47. Vase. 1840. Amphora-shaped, handles rising at right angles between neck and shoulder. Rim, handles and foot unglazed, body painted dull black. On either side traces of figure dec. in classic style which has peeled off, uncovering red body of the vase. Height 6%". Akers. Note. Apparently an attempt to copy the painted Greek or Etruscan vases. Bordentown, New Jersey The following pieces were made at a pottery in Bordentown previous to 1850 by the father of the lender, Mr. Eli Lowe. We have not been able to learn anything of its history. 48. Field jug, red earthenware. Ovoid, strap-like handle following curve of jug. Lustrous black glaze flecked with metallic spots, extending nearly to base. Imperfect. Height 49. Pie dish, red earthenware. Indented edge, reddish glaze splashed with yellow slip. Unglazed beneath. Diameter 10". Slip worn through to base. 50. Paper weight, red earthenware. Recumbent lion, mot- tled orange and brown glaze. Oval base, unglazed beneath, painted red at edges. Imperfect. Length 4%", height 2%” . 51. The same, yellow earthenware. Rooster on circular base. Mottled chocolate-brown glaze over yellow body. Im- perfect. Height 3 V 2 ". Perth Amboy, New Jersey Eagle Pottery. Estab. about 1858 by W. H. P. Benton, on the site of property now owned by the Barber Asphalt Co., between Woodbridge and Perth Amboy. The first superin- tendent was George Barlow, an Englishman, and most of the workmen were from Staffordshire, England. Mr. Benton sold 18 The Newark Museum Association the pottery in 1865 when it was merged with a fire brick and drain pipe works. The output of this pottery seems to have been confined to brown-glazed and yellow earthenware. 52. Creamer. 1860. Rich brown glaze extending down into the yellow lining, pear shaped body, pointed handle, relief decoration of putti and grape vines. No mark. Very graceful shape. Height 5". Benton. 53. Pitcher. 1860. Mottled golden-brown glaze on yellow body. American eagle with shield and thunderbolts in relief on sides, and reeds springing from base. No mark. Imper- feet. Height 9%'', Benton. 54. Toby jug. 1860. Rich mottled brown glaze on yellow body extending to base and partly within. No mark. Height 5 Benton. 55. Bowl, yellow ware. 1860. Slanting sides, flat rim. No mark. Diameter 7%". Benton. Note. The fine quality of glaze on this yellow ware was the result of much experimentation. Newark, New Jersey Between 1837 and 1875 there were several potteries in oper- ation in Newark. In the former year Balthasar Krumeich owned a pottery at 44 So. Canal where money jugs, preserve jars, cups, pie plates and various kinds of yellow and brown earthenware were manufactured. This pottery was operated by different members of the Krumeich family until between 1890 and 1896. 55a. Jar, red earthenware. 1845. Ovoid, wide mouth, deep collar with projecting rib between collar and body, ear-shaped handles, basal rim. Heavy brown glaze throughout splashed at regular intervals with darker brown. Glaze worn at edges. Height 8 Searing. 55b. The same. Darker glaze. Height 10%". Waring. In 1840 Daniel Gillig had a pottery at Ogden and Division Sts. He later moved to 118 Orange Street. In 1855 the style 19 New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain was Gillig & Williams and in 1856 Williams seems to have sold his interest to John H. Osborn. Gillig & Osborn continued the business at 2, 4 & 6 North Broad St. (now known as Belle- ville Ave.) until 1862 when the plant, now called the Newark pottery, was taken over by Mr. Osborn. The business was carried on by John H. and later John C. Osborn until about 1900. The output consisted of stone and earthenware, drain pipe, portable furnaces, fire brick, green-house tile and flower pots. In 1872 yellow and Rockingham wares, urns, hanging vases and chemical wares were advertised but it is not prob- able that they were made at the Osborn pottery. Robert Atchison, J. P. Atchison & Isaac Ogden, established a pottery at Chestnut and McWhorter Sts. in 1854, under the name of Robert Atchison & Company. In 1874 Isaac Ogden became proprietor. The output of this pottery was similar in character to that of Gillig & Osborn. The business was con- tinued until about 1905, the main product of the latter period being salt-glazed sewer pipe. “About the year 1852 a company consisting of Paul Huber, an architect; Anton Winter, a civil engineer; Frederick Sehrag, and Franz Haefeli, a practical potter, engaged in the manufacture of terra-cotta ware, statuary, house ornaments, drain pipes, etc. Before this, in 1851, Franz Haefeli, of Switz- erland; Franz Adam, of Baden, and Rudolphe Kauffmann, started the same business on property at the corner of Pacific and Nichols Streets, but owing to a lack of capital, the enter- prise was unsuccessful. * * * Among those who assisted in the manual labor of the enterprise was Franz Umbscheiden. It is stated that among themselves, during the hours of labor, these gentlemen used to sweeten their tasks by reflec- tions upon the Renaissance — classical conversations in Latin, Greek, French and German. This party, like the first, failed of the desired success ; and it is not unreasonable to assume that if they had possessed less mental culture — if they had been poorer scholars and better terra-cotta makers — success would most likely have been the sweet solace of their labor, 20 The Newark Museum Association and they might have been able to appropriately adopt as their trade motto: Labor Omnia Vincit.” Atkinson. History of Newark, p. 209. “In 1853 Messrs. Young, Roche, Toland & Co., and also Messrs. Wintter & Co. of New Jersey, were exhibitors of terra cotta wares at the Crystal Palace Exhibition, New York City.” Barber, Pottery, p. 180. Prom old directories we learn that Wintter & Co., terra- cotta mfrs., had a plant on S. Prospect Street, corner of Nichols, until 1858. The pieces listed below were given to the Newark Museum by Mrs. Frank Cobb of Newark. They are unmarked. 56. Match box, terra cotta. Rectangular, pie crust fluting. Length 5 width 4". 57. The same. Rectangular with scrolled feet and dia- mond pattern on sides. Length 6", width 5". 58. Circular medallion, terra cotta. Portrait in relief, probably Lafayette. Diam. 5". Union Pottery. Estab. 1871 by Conrad Haidle and John C. Sonn as Haidle & Co. The output was earthen and stone- ware, portable furnaces, drain pipes and tile. The pottery was located at Bloomfield Ave. and the Morris Canal. In 1875 the firm became Haidle & Zipf and the location was changed to 1st Avenue and 3rd Street. Jacob Zipf also carried on a hardware and tinsmith’s shop on Ferry Street. During this period Rockingham ware was advertised. About 1877 Haidle retired and Zipf continued in the business alone. The pottery was closed about 1906. The examples exhibited represent the three different periods of ownership. 59. Crock, stoneware. 1873. Vertical sides, heavy rim, handles, gray glaze, black lining. Carefully executed floral design in dark blue beneath imp. mark, C. Haidle & Co. Union Pottery, Newark, N. J. At left of mark the figure 2, at right the letter G. Height 8%". Westervelt. New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain 21 60. Jar, stoneware. 1876. Reddish-gray glaze, black lin- ing. Mark imp. Haidle & Zipf, Union Pottery, Newark, N. J. No cover. Imperfect. Height 9%". Westervelt. 61. Crock, stoneware. 1877. Similar to No. 59. Brownish- gray glaze. Mark imp. Union Pottery, Newark, N. J., J. Zipf, Prop’r. Height 7%". Linnett. Jersey City, New Jersey Jersey City Pottery. Incorporated 1825 as the Jersey Porce- lain and Earthenware Company. The output was white china. It was closed in 1828. The Trumbull-Prime Coll, in Prince- ton contains one example of this ware. In 1829 it was re- opened by David and J. Henderson, who made yellow ware, cream-colored ware showing relief decoration, and brown- glazed ware. No. 62 belongs to this period. The name was changed to American Pottery Company in 1833. During this period transfer printing in black and light blue was used for the first time in America. In 1848 druggists’ jars in blue with white trim were made, examples of which are in the Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia. In 1853 the name was changed to The Jersey City Pottery (J. O. Rouse and Nathaniel Turner). The output was white ware and china for decora- tors, in addition to the former line of cream-colored and em- bossed white ware. The pottery was torn down in 1892. See Barber, Pottery, p. 118-125; Jervis, Marks, p. 82; Barber, Marks, p. 41. 62. Pitcher, cream ware. 1830. Bowl-shaped body, scal- loped edge. Dull glaze, relief dec. of scrolls, acanthus motif and masques. Mark imp. in circle, D. & J. Henderson, Jersey City. Height 8%". Pitkin Coll. 63. Toby jug, earthenware. 1840. Dark brown glaze, yellow lining, 12-sided body with scroll dec. in relief sur- mounted by Toby head. Mark imp. in circle, American Pot- tery Co., Jersey City, N. J. Height 5%". Pitkin Coll. 64. Similar to above. Olive brown glaze. Mark impressed. Height 5%". Barber. Tbe Newark Museum Association 22 65. Similar to No. 63, b^own-glazed. throughout. Mark imp., partly overlapping this mark is an M long. Handle missing. Height 5%", West.ervelt. 66. “Hound” pitcher, earthenware. 1840. Hull brown glaze, grayish-yellow lining. Hound handle, hunting scene in relief, grape vine border. Mark imp. in circle, American Pot- tery Co., Jersey City, N. J. Height 9%". Pitkin Coll. This pitcher was designed by -Daniel Gr^atbach. See Bar- ber, Pottery, p. 121, 438. 67. The same. 1840. Lustrous golden-brown glaze on cream-colored body. No mark. Height 10". Taylor. 68. The same. 1850. Rich brown glaze, yellow within. Hound has white collar. Michiel Farrel in white letters on shoulder. No mark. Height 9%". Preston. Note. Given to Michael Farrell about 1850 by member of the American Pottery Company. 69. Dish, yellow ware. 1840. Rectangular with sloping sides. Mark imp. in circle, American Pottery Company, Jer- sey City, N. J. Imperfect. Length lO 1 ^", width 7%". Taylor. 70. Tea pot, cream ware. 1840. Octagonal, leaf and vine decoration in low relief, acorn finial, handle twisted at base. Mark imp. in circle, American Pottery Company, Jersey City. Height 3 Disbrow. Designed by Greatbach. See Barber, Pottery, p. 440. 71. “Harrison” pitcher, cream ware. 1840. Six-sided, printed decoration in black, log cabin above the legend “The Ohio Farmer”, a portrait bust of W. H. Harrison in the center and the American eagle below. No mark. Mended. Height 10%". Watt. See Barber, Pottery, p. 120, 545 (cut). Note. Thos. Pollock, an American engraver, is said to have engraved the plates from which the prints were made. 71a. Flower Pot. 1840. Funnel shape, flat outstanding rim with beaded edge, lion’s head handles. Base, handles, rim and lining, white; exterior, deep blue with bands and relief New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain 23 dec. of rosettes and flower forms in white. Imperfect. No mark. Height 4%"* Diameter 5%".. Clarkson. See Barber, Pottery, p. 121. Trenton, New Jersey Trenton has been called “the Staffordshire of America.” Its pioneer potter was John S. McCully, who in 1779 began to make pie plates and flower pots of red clay. Until 1852 the McCully plant had no competitor. In that year James Taylor, an English potter, and Henry Speeler, a German, began the manufacture of yellow earthenware. They were followed in 1859 by Millington & Astbury and Rhodes & Yates, who made white earthenware. In 1863 there were ten potteries in Tren- ton. The first sanitary ware was turned out by Millington, Astbury & Maddock in 1873. In 1882 there were sixteen plants, representing a capital of about $2,000,000, and em- ploying 2,500 operatives. The pottery industry is now repre- sented by forty-eight plants, whose output comprises sanitary ware, dinner and decorated ware, electrical porcelain and tile. Until about 1865 the products of the Trenton potteries con- sisted almost wholly of heavy yellow and white earthenware, and white granite ware, having great similarity of shape and quality. For that reason pieces unmarked can rarely be iden- tified unless their history is known. The first decorated ware was made between 1863-1865. John Moses & Co. (Glasgow Pottery) was one of the first to produce decorated white ware. This early decoration consisted wholly of bands and lines of color and gold. All the decorating was done outside of the potteries until after 1880. Taylor and Speeler. Estab. 1852 by James Taylor and Henry Speeler for the manufacture of yellow and Rocking- ham wares. This was the second pottery built in Trenton. Here about 1855 was made the first white granite ware. In 1860 Speeler established the International Pottery Co., and in 1865 James Taylor and three others were incorporated as the Trenton Pottery Co. 24 The Newark Museum Association 72. “Hound” pitcher. 1858. Grayish-yellow glaze through- out, on body of similar tone. Relief modeling similar to the Jersey City pitcher. L. Mundy in white letters on shoulder. Height 9". Gordon. Note. Made of clay taken from Mr. Mundy ’s clay pits in Bonhamtown, near Metuchen. Millington, Astbury & Poulson. Estab. 1853. In 1859 the firm name became as above. The output was a general line of white wares. In 1873 the firm, now become Millington, Astbury & Maddock, put out the first sanitary ware made in Trenton. 73. “Ellsworth” pitcher. 1861. White, raised dec. show- ing shooting of Col. Ellsworth at Alexandria, Va., American eagle, stacked guns, flags, etc. Crazed. No mark. Height 9". Owned by the Newark Museum. Note. Several dozen of these pitchers were decorated in colors by Edward Lycett, of New York City. See Barber, Pottery, p. 452; Marks, p. 47. City Pottery. Estab. in 1859 on the site of the old Hat- tersley Pottery by Rhodes and Yates. Early output exclu- sively white granite and cream-colored ware. In 1865 the firm name became Yates & Titus, and in 1871 Yates, Bennett & Allan. In 1875 they exhibited toilet and table wares. The business was discontinued about 1880. See Barber, Pottery, pp. 305, 455; Marks, p. 46. 74. Compote. Part of dinner service. 1872. White, fluted bowl on cylindrical stem and spreading circular foot. Gold band dec. Initial C in center of bowl. Mark printed in bla< k. Arms of Great Britain, Ironstone china, C. P. Co. Height bi/ 2 ", diameter 10". Prall. 75. Platter. Part of same service. 1872. White, oval, gold band and line dec. Initial C in center. Mark same as No. 74. Crazed. Length 7", width 4 Prall. 76. Brush holder from toilet set. 1875. White, vase shaped. Dec. of 2" band of turquoise blue, in which are two New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain 25 oval reserves containing bunch of flowers in colors, the whole bordered and outlined with gold. Initial C in gold. Remov- able stand, gold line dec. Mark same as No. 74. Imperfect. Height of whole 6%". Prall. 77. The same. 1875. White, vase shaped, dec. with 1%" band of salmon pink, with circular and oblong reserves filled with flowers and butterflies in colors, gold borders. Initial C in gold. Removable stand. Mark same as No. 74. Height of whole 6 14 ". Prall. Note. Clay from the Cutter clay pits in Woodbridge, N. J., was used in making the sets to which Nos. 74-77 belong. They bear the initial of the Cutter family. Greenwood Pottery. Estab. 1861 by Stephens, Tams & Co., and organized as the Greenwood Pottery Company in 1868. Output until 1875 largely ironstone china and granite ware, on which the arms of the state of New Jersey were used as a mark. The present output is “ hotel china,” a fine grade of durable vitrified china. See Barber, Pottery, p. 46 ; Marks, p. 46 ; Jervis, Marks, p. 79. 78. Egg cup. 1868. White, red band and hair-line dec. No mark. Height 3%". Guhl. 79. Tea pot. 1868. White, pear shaped with domed cover. Glaze shows black specks at rim and base. No mark. Im- perfect. Height 7". Guhl. 80. Cup and saucer. 1875. White, cylindrical cup with Q-shaped handle. Dec. of light blue bands and gold-line bor- der with trefoil edge. Mark printed in black, Arms of N. J., Ironstone China, G. P. Co. Diameter of saucer 4%", height of cup 21 / 2 ". Anness. Note. Clay from the Anness clay pits was used in this ware. Ott & Brewer (Etruria Pottery). Estab. 1863 by Bloor, Ott, & Booth. In 1865 the firm name became Ott & Brewer. Out- put, 1863-75 largely white granite and c. c. ware; 1876, parian busts and figures modeled by Prof. Broome ; 1882, Belleek and decorated china. The firm was dissolved in 1893. In 1895 The Newark Museum Association 20 the works were taken over by the Cook Pottery Co., who until recently manufactured white granite, c. c. ware, decorated ware and Delft. This company now makes chiefly electrical fittings. See Barber, Pottery, p. 214; Marks, p. 52. 81. Bread tray. 1865. White, oval with sloping rim, fluted center. Molded dec. of wheat ears and legend on rim, “Where reason rules the — obeys. ” Mark printed in black, Etruria Works, Arms of Great Britain, Ironstone China. Imperfect. Length 12 %", width 10". de Russy. 82. Platter. 1868. White, rectangular with rounded cor- ners and rim, open handles with molded pattern. Mark printed in black. Warranted, Arms of Great Britain, Ironstone China, Crazed. Length 121/2". Conover. 83. Toilet pitcher. 1871. White, overglaze dec. of gold lines and band of blue edged with black. Initial H in gold. Mark same as No. 81. Crazed. Height 7 1 ,4". Holcombe. 84. Shaving mug. 1871. White with gold bands, rose gar- land in overglaze colors enclosing the name T. H. Hunt in gold, on the opposite side the United States flag in colors. Mark same as No. 81. Crazed. Height Finger. Note. Mr. Hunt was the father-in-law of Mr. Ott. 85. Covered egg dish. 1874. Hen (light blue) upon oval nest of basket work (salmon pink). In bottom of dish the legend “A White Old Hen, with yellow legs, etc.” Un- marked. Slightly crazed. Length 10". Skillman. Note. Made as a gift from Mr. Brewer to the family of owner. 86. Parian Bust, U. S. Grant. Signed in the paste, BROOME 1875. Height 10y 2 ". Holcombe. Note. Prof. Isaac Broome is an American sculptor of great ability whose influence on the development of art in clay products cannot be overestimated. He is now connected with Lenox, Inc., Trenton. Glasgow Pottery. Established 1863 by John Moses, who rented a pottery with two small kilns and began to make c. c. New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain 27 ware. The early output was c. c. ware and white granite or ironstone china. A little later decorated table and toilet ware was introduced. Plain color bands and gold lines were suc- ceeded by more elaborate ornamentation. The later products of the pottery were justly famous for their quality. About 1905 the company was absorbed by the Maddock Pottery Co. See Barber, Pottery, p. 213; Marks, p. 50. 87. Child’s tea set. 1871. White. Pitcher, tureen and sugar bowl show relief molding at handles. 11 pieces. Mark printed in black, Arms of Great Britain, Ironstone China, J. M. & Co. Crazed. Height of pitcher 3 Hayhurst. Note. Purchased about 1871 in Trenton. 88. Bread tray. 1874. White, oval. Molded dec. of wheat ears, fluted sides, legend on rim, Give us this Day our Daily Bread. Mark same as No. 87. Imperfect. Length 12". Dieter. 89. “John Hancock” cup and saucer. 1875. White with legends in black, Centennial Commemorative Celebration of the Boston Tea Party December 16th, 1773, Philadelphia 1873 (saucer), signature of John Hancock (cup). Mark printed in black, Glasgow Pottery Company, Trenton, New Jersey. Crazed. Diam. of saucer 5%". Scott. See Barber, Pottery, p. 214. 90. Fluted bowl. 1876. White, mark printed in black, American eagle full front, wings outspread. Pat. Mar. 9, 1875. Stone China, J. M. & Co. Imperfect. Diam. 9 Hay- hurst. 91. Saucer. 1876. Pale blue overglaze, with gold band. Legend in black, New Jersey the Battlefield of the Revolu- tion 1776-1876. Mark printed in black, Glasgow Pottery Com- pany, Trenton, N. J. Crazed. Cup missing. Diam 5%". Mc- Auley. Note. Made for Centennial Celebration, Philadelphia, 1876. 92. Same as above, pink with gold band. Diam. 5%". Me Auley. 28 The Newark Museum Association Trenton Pottery Company. Incorporated in 1865, the firm being James Taylor, of Taylor & Speeler, and J. F. Houdayer. They occupied the old Taylor and Speeler pottery. In 1870 the style became Taylor, Goodwin & Co. About 1876 Isaac Davis succeeded to the business, which was continued until about 1880. See Barber, Pottery, p. 200, 238. The pieces listed below were given to the Newark Museum by Miss C. J. M. Husson. They are, with the exception of the jelly mold, believed to be experimental pieces made about 1869 and were preserved by the Houdayer family. The regular output of the pottery was yellow ware and ironstone china. Between 1870-1875 sanitary and plumbers’ earthenware was added to the output. 93. Statuette, “ Greek Slave,” parian. Surface veined by slight fire cracks. Height 12%". Note. A companion figure, the Venus de Medici is in the possession of Miss Jane Hoagland, of Brooklyn. 94. Pitcher, parian. Molded decoration of lily pads and stems on pitted ground, shell patterns around foot, handle in form of bundle of lily stems. Interior glazed. No mark. Height 914". 95. The same. Pitted blue ground. Interior glazed. Mark, No. 7 scratched in paste. Height 8^4". 96. Mantel ornament, parian. Shepherd dog and pup, re- cumbent, on modeled oval base. Mark, No. 7 scratched in paste. Height 2". 97. Covered box, parian. Cylindrical, decorated with raised figures and Gothic tracery in white on pitted blue ground. Disc cover with modeled finial. No mark. Height diameter 4 1 /2 ,/ - 98. Jelly mold, yellow ware. 1870. Circular, grape pat- tern. No mark. Height 1%", diameter 4". Mercer Pottery Company. Estab. 1868 and still in opera- tion. Output white earthenware, granite ware and semi- New Jersey Pottery and Porcelain 29 porcelain decorated table and toilet ware. At present “hotel china” is made almost exclusively. 99. Child’s tea set. 1871. White, magenta hair line and gold band decoration, 24 pieces. Mark printed in black, Great Britain, Ironstone China, Mercer Pottery Company. Height of tea pot 4%". English. Note. Every piece perfect except for slight crazing. Un- usually good in shape and quality for sets of this kind. 100. Pitcher. 1875. Octagonal, white. Dec. of ivy in low relief outlined with gold, pansy flowers and leaves in colors on side panels. Mark imp., globe and the words, Mer- cer Warranted China. Slightly crazed. Height 8". Barber, Lambertville. Note. Presented to Mrs. Barber by a decorator in the pot- tery. 101. Tea pot. 1875. White, fluted collar, domed cover. Gold line dec., Chinese scene in colors on body. Mark same as No. 100. Imperfect. Height 6%". Kalmia Club. 102. Fluted bowl. 1875. White. Mark in black, War- ranted Superior, double shield, Ironstone China, Mercer Pot- tery Company. Imperfect. Diameter 10%". Stendel. Unidentified 102a. Jug, stoneware. Swelling body receding to narrow mouth, pinched spout, curved handle attached at top to a hoop-like band 1" in width, basal rim. Reddish-gray glaze, brown lining. Dec. in dull blue, bands and large foliate pat- tern with incised outlines above which is the name Gsell and below, the word Newark. Imperfect. Height 13%". Dem- arest. Note. The body and glaze of this piece resembles that used by the Union Pottery, Newark. See Nos. 59, 60, 61. 103. Tray, red earthenware. 1830-40. Rectangular, slant- ing sides, indented edge. Orange-red glaze, slip dec., “Hard The Newark Museum Association 80 Times in Jersey/’ Unglazed beneath. Imperfect. Height 2 V 2 ", length 16", width 12". Pitkin Coll. 104. Teapot, red earthenware. 1848. Elliptical body, rib- bed and fluted, with medallion relief of Bolivar on either side. Bright metallic-black glaze throughout. Mark on base in raised script John Mann, Rahway. Imperfect. Height 5%". Pitkin Coll. 105. Batter pot, earthenware. Heavy dark-brown glaze throughout on cream colored body. Base unglazed. Wire bail, lift-handle on opposite side from spout. Height lOV^”- Anderson. 106. Toby jug, earthenware. Golden-brown glaze through- out on yellow body. No modelling except to face. Imperfect. Height 5". Westervelt. 107. ‘‘Hound” pitcher, earthenware. Mottled brown glaze throughout on yellow body. Relief dec. similar to Jersey City model but indistinct. Height 9%". Westervelt. Note. The lines of this pitcher are very similar to those of No. 72. Possibly also made by Taylor & Speeler, Trenton. 108. Doll’s tea set, 1870. White, 12-sided form. Bell shaped cups, ewer-shaped pitcher. 17 pieces. No mark. Height of pitcher 1%". Van Celous. Note. Purchased at a Trenton pottery in 1870. Unusually delicate forms but warped in firing. 109. Bowl. White, footed. Dec. of gray-blue bands be- tween narrower bands of bright blue. No mark. Imperfect. Height 2 %", diam. 4%". Titus. Note. Very light in weight. Said to have been made about 1840 in Trenton by a firm one of whose members was named Titus. See Barber, Marks, p. 46. List of Contributors Akers, Mrs. George Lambertville Akers, Mrs. Joseph Lambertville Alexander, Mrs. Joseph Haddonfield Anderson, Mrs. A. D Lambertville Anness, Mrs. F. F Woodbridge Antin, Miss Margaret New Brunswick Arndt, Miss New Brunswick Auryansen, Abraham Hackensack Barber, Dr. E. A Philadelphia Barber, Mrs. E. B Lambertville Benton, Miss S. F. F Perth Amboy Bergen County Historical Society Hackensack Clarkson, Mrs. J. L Beverly Clement, William Haddonfield Cobb, Mrs. Frank Newark Conover, Mrs. Charles Lambertville Cronk, Mrs. J. II Hackensack Demarest, Miss M. A New Brunswick Dieter, Mrs. F. F Newark Disbrow, Dr. W. S Newark Ely, Misses Lambertville English, Mrs. George Lambertville Finger, Mrs. Samuel Lambertville Fulper Pottery Co Flemington Githens, Mrs. S. C . Haddonfield Gordon, Mrs. W. A New Brunswick Guhl, Miss Helen Trenton Hayhurst, Mrs. Walter Lambertville Hoagland, Mrs. Martha Lambertville Holcombe, Mrs. Isaac Lambertville Husson, Miss J Brooklyn, N. Y. Kalmia Club Lambertville Kitchel, Dr. F. W Perth Amboy Krewson, Henry Lambertville Linnett, Mrs. A. M Newark Lowe, Eli Lambertville Lyman, Mrs. James Lambertville 32 The Newark Museum Association McAuley, Mrs. Charles Newark Mitchell, Mrs. William Nutley Osborn, D. L Hackensack Pitkin, A. H., Coll., Wadsworth Athenaeum Hartford, Conn. Prall, Mrs. James Woodbridge Russy, Mrs. A. de Woodbridge Ryan, Akers & Smith Lambertville Salmon, Mrs. L. T Lambertville Scott, Miss Mary Lambertville Searing, Mrs. M Arlington Sewaren History Club Sewaren Skillman, Mrs. Charles Lambertville Smith, Mrs. Joseph Lambertville Stendel, Mrs. Theodore Arlington Taylor, Mrs. Emma Arlington Titus, Miss Minnie Lambertville Van Celous, Miss Lambertville Voorhees, Mrs. D. S Woodbridge Waring, Mrs. E. H Glen Ridge Watt, T. P Newark Westervelt, Mrs. F. A Hackensack The Museum is indebted to the efforts of the Kalmia Club, of Lambertville ; the Haddon Fortnightly, of Haddonfield ; the Sewaren History Club and the Woman’s Clubs of Glen Ridge and Arlington for the discovery of old New Jersey pieces.