©regon Sitg ©regon 1898 $onl ‘ente. Page First Grade 5 Second Grade 70 Third Grade ^ Fourth Grade 20 Fifth Grade 2 5 Sixth Grade - 28 Seventh Grade 3 2 Eighth Grade 35 Ethics 3$ High School- ----- 4 - 1 Teachers' Meetings 5 1 General Rules of the Board -33 The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN L161— 0-1096 Outline of Studies, Rules and Suggestions FOR THE Oregon City, Oregon, 1898 , Oregon City, Oregon: Oregon City Courier Printing House, 1898. Board of 'Directors. Dr. W. E. Carle, Chairman. Charles H. Caufield E. E. Charman. E. W. McAdam, Supt. Mrs. S. M. McCown, Clerk. 5 4 *Vk ’Sr /7J" Teachers are requested to make note of the weak points of the within Course of Study, as they may be dis- covered during the year, and report them at the grade meetings held each month, in order that such corrections may be made as will result in the greatest good to the pupils of our schools. L,. W. McADAM, Superintendent. COURSE OF STUDY FIRST GRADE. A CLASS. READING. Reading should have the chief place in the course of study for the first grade. Use the phonic-word method, making free use of the blackboard and chart. For minutely detailed instructions as to the proper presentation of the phonic-word method and an outline of phonic principles, teachers are referred to Funden- berg’s First Lessons in Reading, a copy of which will be furnished every teacher of first primary grades. The following guides to pronunciation, containing the most important principles laid down by Mrs. Funden- berg, are given as outlined by Superintendent Rigler, of Portland, Oregon. 1. A vowel between two consonants is short, ss in hat , net, fin, not, tub. 2. At the end of the word silent e usually makes the preceding vowel long. 3. Vowels ending accented syllables are long, as me, no, lady. 6 4. At or ay equals a long. 5. Ee or ea equals e long. 6. Igh equals i long. 7. Oa equals 0 long. 8. On and ow sometimes equal 0 long. 9. Ou and ow sometimes sound as in loud , how. 10. Ew equals u as in few . 11. Ar sounds as in far. 12. All sounds as in fall. 13. Aw sounds as in paw. An sounds as in Maud. 14. Oi and oy sound as in boy , boil. 15. Er , ur , ir , sound as in 16. Before z\ and 4/, £ sounds like s. In other positions it sounds like k. Barnes’ First Reader and Harper’s First Reader, as much of each as may be taken to advantage. Language. — The work should be largely conversa- tional. Be sure the pupil has something to talk about before urging him to talk. Nature work, fairy tales and fables told by the teacher, together with talks about familiar objects furnish much material for the study of language. Teach short quotations and appropriate songs. “The Children’s Hour” should be memorized during the year. Pupils should copy words at first, and afterwards short sentences from blackboard and readers. 7 History and Literature. Natural history stories, fa- bles, fairy tales, folk stories and classic tales told by the teacher and read by the pupils as soon as possible. . Arithmetic. — Count objects and write numbers to twenty. Development of numbers from i to 8 inclusive; all the additive, subtractive, multiplicative and divisive facts discovered by the pupils and thoroughly learned. No combinations exceeding 8. Comparison of num- bers below 8. a. First work done with objects. b. Follozv the object work by picture or illustrat- ed work. c. Follow the above with exercises independent of objects. During entire year connect number work with all other studies as far as practicable, particularly with drawing and paper folding. Aim to develop the reasoning faculties. To this end use concrete numbers. During the entire year permit pupils to use objects in obtaining results, if necessary. Writing. — Vertical, upon slate, blackboard, and paper with pencil. Spelling.- — Words selected from readers and other sources. Drawing. — Prang’s Models, No. 20 . Nature Study. — Material for this study is taken from 8 supplementary reading matter. Definite instructions will be given at grade meetings. Physiology. — Familiar talks on the following sub- ject's: The Eye: (a) Importance and situation, (b) How in- jured by abuse, (c) Training of eyesight. The Ear: (a) Importance and situation, (b) How injured by abuse, (c) Care of the ears. Smell and Taste: (a) Use of these senses, (b) Care of the senses. Touch: (a) Use of this sense, (b) Development of this sense. Physical Culture. — Object: To educate mind and body in harmony, thereby promoting the wellbeing of the child by securing better conditions for study, and the building of a more symmetrical life. First Series — Sitting Positions. Hand clapping and stretching. Arm raising. Shoul- der stretching and shoulder leveling. Waist, back and hip bending. Leg and foot movement. Breathing. Second Series. Standing Positions. Hand shaking. Shoulder and arm stretching. Head rolling. Chest pushing. Waist twisting. Running. Lung stretching. Third Series . Feather Movements. FIRST GRADE. B CLASS. Reading. — Barnes’ First Reader, to about page 50. Harper’s First Reader, as much as can be read to ad- vantage, with such supplementary reading matter as may be supplied. Continue phonic work as outlined for I A. Aim to make the pupils independent readers. To this end daily drills in phonics are advised. Use the sentence as a means of expression. Have pupils question each other. Silent reading. Train pupils to see a sentence at a glance and think it out. Make daily use of supplemen- tary reading matter. Always assign new matter rather than a lesson to be re-read. Language. — -Continuation of work as outlined for preceding class. History and Literature. — Same as I. A. Arithmetic. — Counting objects and writing numbers to ioo. Development of numbers to 12. Comparison of numbers below 12. The fractions ^3, developed; some simple exercises involving these fractions. Problems made by pupils. Use the vertical arrangement for addition and sub- traction. Writing. — Vertical Writing, Book No. 1. Spelling.— Words selected from readers and other sources. Drawing. — See 1 A. Nature Study. — Sufficient material is contained in the IO nature readers furnished teachers of this .grade. Defi- nite instructions will be given at grade meetings. Physiology. — Familiar talks; one each week. The Lungs: (a) The difference between inspired and expired air. (b) How the air is prepared for the lungs in its passage through the nostrils; bad effects of breathing with open mouth. The skin: (a) Structure and use of covering, (b) Perspiratory glands, their use; effect' if these glands are closed, (c) Bathing and care of the skin. SECOND GRADE. A CLASS. Reading. — Barnes’ First Reader, from page 50. Har- per’s First Reader, as much as shall be decided upon at grade meetings, together with such supplementary mat- ter as may be provided. Language. — Continue and enlarge every exercise called for in Grade 1. Talks about natural objects and stories. Teach pupils to give full oral answers. (This need not be required in all lessons where the complete answer re- quires the repetition of the question.) Have pupils make stories (oral) about pictures. Have pupils make first oral, then written stories de- scribing something before them, as a picture, or some- thing they have seen. Long’s Language Exercises from page 29 to page 47. Commit to memory suitable selections from standard authors. History and Literature. — Nature stories, fairy tales, fables, U. S. history stories, myths of Greece. Read to the children and by them to furnish subject matter for conversations and oral compositions. Arithmetic. — Review first grade work and continue the development of numbers to 20, by addition, sub- traction, multiplication and division. Teach (a) the forty-five facts in addition, and their corresponding subtractions. (b) Addition of numbers expressed by single figures, by groupings of tens, sum not to exceed twenty. Teach thirds, sixths and twelfths in connection with divisions of foot and yard. Have pupils write numbers by tens. Concrete work correlated with other studies and with every day experience. Introduce problems original with the pupil. Use objects whenever necessary to lead up to number concept. Read and write to 500. Writing. — Copy book No. 1, American System of Vertical Writing. Use ink. Upper half of page. In- sist upon good position, good movement and form. Spelling. — Words selected from readers and other sources. 12 DRAWING. Outlined by Miss Anna E- Knox, special teacher of Drawing in the public schools of Portland, Oregon. Every lesson should be preceded by a three minute movement drill, in which particular attention should he paid to position, pencil or chalk holding movement, and quality of line. Always insist upon a gray line, never a black one. This daily movement drill may be given on practice paper half of the time and on the blackboard the other half.. Many of the figures from the books and all of the ob- ject' drawings should lie first drawn upon practice paper before placing in the books. Whenever movement drills are given for the practice book, let the pupil judge by the eye of the space be- tween the lines and the inch margin on the page, thus giving a lesson in space relations in addition to the movement. When the movement consists of circles, place four upon the page, bisecting the page with a ver- tical line first, then bisecting it horizontally. When ellipses are given, place six upon a page, bisecting the page with a vertical line and trisecting it horizontally. When reversed curves are given, place five upon a page, making them balance, thus giving a lesson in symmetry. Eclectic Drawing Book No. i, first half. Eclectic Practice Book, first half. 13 In the drawing book omit Exercise 3, Page 9, and, instead fold, in paper, wall pocket No. 2, (folding No. 32,) and paste in book. Page 10. — Omit Exercise 2. Fold, in paper, seed case, (folding No. 30,) and paste in book. Page 10. — Omit Exercise 4. Fold, in paper, twin boats, (folding No. 18,) and paste in book. Practice Book. — Page 1. Movement drill; vertical lines one inch apart. Page 2. Working drawing — Cube, four views. Page 3. Drawing of a leaf from nature. Page 4. Horizontal lines, movement drill, one inch apart. Page 5. Drawing of an apple from object. Page 6. Right oblique lines, movement drill. Nature Study. — Lessons in plant and animal life, from supplementary reader. Physiology . — Bones and Muscle: (a) Structure and use of each, (b) Development of the muscles; effect of exercise upon them, (c) Growth of the bones, (d) Form and use of them; how best' de- veloped and cared for. Physical Culture. - First Series. Sitting Positions. Hand closing and opening, combined with arm twist- ing. Arm upward side circling, shoulder touching. Neck twisting. Body twisting. Foot stretching. Breathing. Second Series. — Standing Positions: Arm swing at right angles. Horizontal arm circling. Shoulder raising. Arm folding and bowing. Stepping positions. Third Series. — Feather Movements . SECOND GRADE. B CLASS. Reading. — Barnes’ Second Reader, to page ioo, with such supplementary reading matter as shall be supplied. Phonic principles given in i A should be thoroughly understood by pupils of this class. Language. — Review and expand all work of previous class. Written work should be required in stories and de- scriptions as soon as pupils are moderately proficient in oral expression. Long’s New Language Exercises, from page 47. This book for the teacher only. History and Literature. — Extend the work outlined for 2 A. Arithmetic. — Write and read numbers to 1000. See that pupils have thorough knowledge of the forty-five combinations and the corresponding subtractions. Teach eighths and sixteenths, using the Avoirdupois pound as the unit. Teach the multiplication table through 5x12 and cor- responding exact divisions. Have pupils make and solve many practical problems and invent problems to fit given conditions. White’s Oral Lessons, from page 114 to page 133. No loud or sing-song concert work should be permitted in learning tables. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, No. i ; lower half of page, with ink. Insist upon good posi- tion, good movement and form. Spelling.— Words from readers and other sources. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book No. i, last half. Eclectic Practice Book, last half. In the drawing book omit Exercise 2, Page 14. Fold, in paper, instead, hat with cockade, (folding No. 31,) and paste in book. Page 1 8, omit design. Fold, in paper, wall pocket No. 3, (folding 33,) and paste in book. Page 20. Omit Exercise 2 — Fold, in paper, handker- chief case No. 2, (folding 24,) and paste in book. Practice Book Work. — Page 7. Movement drill, left oblique lines. Page 8. Working drawing, square prism, four views. Page 9. Drawing of a leaf from nature. Page 10. Movement drill, four circles. Page 11. Working drawing, triangular prism, two views, front and top. Page 12. Drawing of large envelope from object. Draw the back of the envelope. Nature Study. — See 2 A. Physiology. — Food: (a) Uses; (b) Kinds; (c) Kinds of food used in warm countries; in cold countries; in various occupa- tions. (d) Hygiene of the stomach. i6 The Nails and Hair: Care of these. THIRD GRADE. A CLASS. Reading. — Barnes’ Second Reader, from page ioo to end of the book, with such supplementary reading mat- ter as may be provided. Phonic work given pupils in i A should be thorough- ly understood by pupils of this class. Teach all diacriti- cal marks. Language.- — As a guide in technical work, use Max- well's First Book in English, lessons i to 27, inclusive. All the time allotted is not needed to teach the facts presented in text book. Much time should be devoted to composition work, oral and written. The composition exercises in Maxwell will serve as models; abundant material for practice is found in reading lessons, in the reproduction of classic stories told to the children and read to them or by them, in the reproduction of what has been taught them in geogra- phy, in science, and in history. Oral reproduction should always precede written reproduction . History and Literature. — Natural history, classical myths, U. S. history stories. Arithmetic. Write and read numbers to one million. Continue the work of the second grade to secure mas- tery of the forty-five combinations. Pupils are expected to do rapid and accurate work in 1 7 adding columns at the close of the work of the year, by grouping of tens. Multiplication to 9xi2, and corresponding exact di- visions. Review work in fractions of preceding grades, by fre- quent exercises involving halves, quarters, eighths, thirds, sixths, twelfths, fifths and tenths. No concert work in drilling on any of the combina- tions. Begin inexact divisions. White’s Oral Lessons, from page 1 1 5 to 161. Geography. — Long’s Home Geography, to page 70. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, copy book No. 2, upper half of each page. Spelling. — Words from readers and other sources. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 2, first half. Eclectic Practice Book, first half. In the drawing book omit page 3, and instead fold, in paper, chicken (folding No. 22,) and paste in book. Page 7. Omit Exercise 4. — Fold, in paper, pointed star, (folding No. 27,) and paste in book. Page 10. Omit Exercise 4. — Fold, in paper, star, (folding No. 28,) and paste in book. Practice Book. — Page 1. — Right oblique lines, move- ment drill. Page 2. — Drawing of leaf from nature. Page 3. — Working drawing, cylinder, four views. Page 4. — Left oblique lines. Page 5. — Drawing of lemon from object. i8 Page 6. — Drawing of another leaf from nature. Nature Study. — Study of Insects: Ant, bee, butter- fly, spider, &c. Collection of Leaves: Study form, parts, veining, color, margin and surface. Study of Birds: Bluebird, bobolink, robin, sparrow, swallow, owl, woodpecker, &c. Nests: Home life and enemies of birds; their migra- tions. Physiology. Teeth: (a) Structure, (b) How injured, (c) Care of. The Lungs: (a) Structure. (b) Care of. (c) Effect of exercise upon this organ, (d) Effect's of tobacco in its different forms. Physical Culture . — First Series. Sitting Positions. Arm extending and bending. Shoulder rotating. Head erecting. Chest widening and deepening. Knee bending. Feet crossing. Breathing. Second Series: Relaxing exercises. Poising postures. Third Series: Right angle arm swinging. Pendulum head swing. Complex movements. Swaying and forward folding. Waist twisting. Feather Movements. Breathing. THIRD GRADE. B CLASS. Reading. — Barnes’ Third Reader, from the beginning to page 76, with such supplementary reading matter as may be provided. Contiue the work in phonics and diacritical markings as given for preceding class. Language. — Maxwell’s First Book in English, Les- son XXVII to Lesson L, inclusive. Continue work outlined in 3 A. History and Literature. — Same as 3 A . Arithmetic. — Read and write numbers to billions. Teach the multiplication table through 12x12. Review thoroughly and enlarge the work of the pre- ceding term. Multiplication with any multiplier not exceeding three figures. Short division, both exact and inexact. Have pupils invent problems to fit given conditions. Concrete examples in large numbers, involving two operations each in addition and subtraction, but only one in multiplication and division. White’s Oral Lessons, from page 1 1 5 to 161. Con- stant’ drill in addition to secure rapidity and accuracy. Geography. — Long’s Home Geography, from page 70 to end of book. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, book 2, lower half of each page. Spelling. — See 3 A. Drawing. — -Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 2, last half. Eclectic Practice Book, last half. In the drawing book omit page 14. Fold, in paper, boat with fish box, (folding No. 21,) and paste in book. 20 Page 1 8. Omit, and fold, in paper, handkerchief case No. 3, (folding No. 25,) and paste in book. Page 1 7. — Omit, and fold, in paper, duck (folding No. 23,) and paste in book. Practice Book. — Page 7. — Movement drill four circles. Page 8. — Drawing of a leaf from nature. Page 9. — Working drawing, sphere, four views. Page 10. — Drawing of potato from object. Page 11. — Drawing of a leaf from nature. Page 12. — Movement drill, ellipses. Nature Study. — Continue the work given for 3 A. Physiology. — The Lungs; (a) Structure, (b) Care of. (c) Effect of exercise upon this organ, (d) Effects of tobacco in its different forms. Physical Culture. — Same as for 3 A. FOURTH GRADE. A CLASS. Reading. — Barnes’ Third Reader, to about page 160. Supplementary reading. Continue work in phonics and diacritical marks. Language. — Maxwell's First Book in English. Be- gin with Lesson I, Part II, and take to Lesson XXXII, inclusive. Classic stories, geography, history, and science furnish interesting subject matter for either oral or written ex- pression. The aim is fluency, freedom and variety in expression. 21 At least one composition a week from each child, written, corrected and copied under the supervision of the teacher. The teacher should accept nothing but the child's best effort. Do not permit the pupil to be careless in penmanship or the use of capitals and punctuation with the expecta- tion of correcting these faults at a second writing. The teacher’s help and criticism should, as far as pos- sible, be given while the pupil is writing. Mistakes of form, thought, and expression should be anticipated and prevented, when possible to do so. In composition work in all grades, the teacher’s best work is done in the personal, individual help and sugges- tions given the pupil while at his work. The teacher must not do any of the pupil’s work for him, but encour- age and direct his efforts in such a way as to give him daily increase of power and skill. History and Literature.— U. S. history stories and classical myths, from supplementary reading. Arithmetic. — The main purpose of the work of this year is to thoroughly familiarize the pupils with the op- erations in the four fundamental rules. Addition, sub- traction and multiplication should be so well mastered that work will be both accurate and rapid. The multiplication and division tables should be per- fectly familiar, and the process of long division should be reasonably well understood. Continue drill in rapid adding. 22 Multiplication with any multiplier. Long division with any two place divisor. Concrete examples in large numbers involving two operations at one time in addition and subtraction, but only one in multiplication and division. Avoid the giving of such problems as would never oc- cur in actual business. Develop the idea of factor. Show how, with the pro- duct and one factor given, the other factor may be found. Have pupils invent problems to fit given conditions. Fish’s Arithmetic, No. i. Geography. — Natural Elementary Geography, from beginning to page 32. Supplementary suggestions and instructions for each month will be given at teachers’ grade meetings. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, book 3, upper half of each page. Spelling. — Reed’s Word Lessons, from beginning to lesson 26. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book No. 3, first half. Eclectic Practice Book, first half. Practice Book Work. — Page 1. — Movement drill, four circles. Page 2. — Drawing of leaf from nature. Page 3. — Working drawing, hemisphere, two views. Page 4. — Fan from object. Preferably a card-board fan with wooden handle, circular in shape. Page 5. — Two lemons, from object. 23 Page 6. — Movement drill, ellipses. Nature Study. — Matter will be supplied by teacher according to instructions given at grade meetings. Physiology. — Familiar talks; one each week. The Blood: (a) The use of blood in conveying nourishment to the tissues; (b) Differences in color and use of pure and impure blood; (c) Effects of exercise and respira- tion upon blood ; (d) Treatment of injuries to the blood vessels; (e) Effects of alcohol upon the circulation. Physical Culture . — First Series . Sitting Position. Arm bending and chest pushing. Arm pulling side- ways. Arm pulling backward. Chest lifting. Waist and leg stretching. Breathing. Second Series: Manual of arms. Complex movements. Breathing. Third Series: Rising and sinking. Feather movements. Breathing. FOURTH GRADE. CLASS B. Reading. — Barnes’ Third Reader, from page 160 to the end of the book. Supplementary reading at least two-fifths of the time. Continue work in phonics and diacritical marks. Language. — Maxwell’s First Book in English, from Lesson XXXIII, Part 2, to Lesson XIV, Part 3, inclu- sive. Continue the composition work described in 4 A. History and Literature. — Same as given for 4 A. 24 Arithmetic. — Continue long division, factors, multi- ples, prime numbers and fractions, along such lines as shall be prescribed at teachers’ monthly grade meetings. Geography. — Natural Elementary Geography, from page 32 to page 54. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, book 3, lower half of each page. Spelling. — Reed’s Word Lessons, from lesson 26 to lesson 51. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 3, last half. Eclectic Practice Book, last half. Drawing Book. — Page 11. — Draw Greek cross in square, and half tint background. Page 16. — Cylinder from object slightly below level of eye. Practice Book. — Page 7. — Movement drill, ellipses. Page 8. — Spray of two leaves from nature. Page 9. Working drawing of square pyramid, two views. Page 10. Circular box slightly below level of eye, from object. Pageii. — Two potatoes, from object. Page 12. — Movement drill, ovals, divide the page into six parts, bisecting with a horizontal line and trisecting with two vertical lines. Nature Study. — See 4 A. Physiology. — Familiar talks; one each week. The Heart: (a) Functions; (b) Veins, arteries and capillar- ies; (c) Study and trace the circulation of the blood; (d) Effects of alcohol and tobacco. Physical Culture.— Same as given for 4 A. FIFTH GRADE. CEASS A. Language. — Maxwell’s First Book in English, from Lesson XV, Part 3, to the end of the book. Continue the composition work described in 4 A. History and Literature. — See 4 A. Arithmetic. — Same as in fourth year, only extended. Have pupils make problems and solve them. Fish’s Arithmetic No. 2, to page 80, with such modi- fications as may be made at teacher’s grade meetings. Usually there must be neither books or papers in the hands of pupils while reciting. After a pupil has once read a problem or heard it read by the teacher, he should be able to make a statement and give the analytical so- lution. If this study fails to cultivate attention, strengthen memory, and develop reasoning power, it is not accom- plishing its rightful result. Mental, parallel with written arithmetic. Geography. — Natural Elementary Geography, from page 54 to page 85. General plan of work for each month will be explained at teachers’ grade meetings. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, book 4, upper half of each page. Spelling. — Reed’s Word Lessons, from lesspn 51 to lesson 81. 26 Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 4, first half. Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 4, first half. Eclectic Practice Book, first half. Practice Book. — Page 1. — Movement drill, ovals, same as in 4 B. Page 2. Working drawing, cone, two views. Page 3. — Spray of leaves, from nature. Page 4. — Glass and two lemons, from object. Page 5. Working drawing, ellipsoid, four views. Page 6. — Movement drill, vertical reversed curves. Nature Study. — As directed at grade meetings. Physiology. — Familiar talks; one each week. The Skin: (a) Structure and uses; (b) Uses of perspiration; effects if perspiration glands are closed; (c) Effects of exercise on the skin; (d) Hair and nails as modifica- tions of the skin; (e) Vahte of outdoor exercises and sports; (f) Effects of tobacco. Physical Culture . — First Series. Sitting Positions. Arm swinging and posture. Arm circling and posture. Shoulder leveling and chest pushing. Opposition of head and body. Foot movements.. Breathing. Second Series. Standing Positions. Upper arm raising. Arm folding backward. Back- ward bending. Knee bending. Complex action. Sus- pension. Backward cross step. Arm extension f o right and left. Framing profile. Waist twisting. Breathing. Third Series. Standing Positions. 27 Hand slapping. Facings. Backward arm floating. Breathing. FIFTH GRADE. CLASS B. Language. — Maxwell’s Introductory Lessons in Eng- lish Grammar, from lesson i to lesson 14, inclusive. Continue the composition work outlined for 4 A. History and Literature. — Continue the work given for 5 A. Arithmetic. — Fractions as in Fish’s Arithmetic No. 2, from page 80 to page 108. For general directions, see 5 A. Geography. — Natural Elementary Geography, from page 85 to page 111. Writing.- — American System of Vertical Writing, book 4, lower half of each page. Spelling. — Reed’s Word Lessons, from lesson 81 to lesson 109. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 4, first half. Eclectic Practice Book, last half. In drawing book, on page 14, draw Maltese cross in large square, and half tint background. Practice Book Work. — Page 7. — Movement drill, horizontal reversed curves. Page 8. — Spray of leaves, from nature. Page 9. Working drawing, ovoid, four views. Page 10. — Drawing of two pears, from object. Page 11. — Potato and onion, from object. 28 Page 12. — Working drawing of cube placed at an angle of 45 degrees, two views. Nature Study.— See 5 A. Physiology. — Familiar talks; one each week. The Bones: (a) Structure, composition and use; (b) Names of the principal divisions of skeleton, with names of the most important bones; (c) Different kinds of joints. The Muscles: (a) Structure, composition and use; (b) Arrangement in pairs; (c) Development. SIXTH GRADE. CLASS A. Language. — Maxwell's Introductory lessons in Eng- lish Grammar, from Lesson XV to Lesson XXX. Con- tinue to select topics from other studies for composi- tion; one a week. All exercises in composition should be carefully cor- rected and rewritten, and one each month placed on file by the teacher. The quality of work shown by the exercises on file is in part to govern class standing. Teach neatness and expression, careful execution, and clearness of statement. Criticism of faulty expressions as they are heard in conversations. Correct pronunciation and use of words that are fre- quently mispronounced and misused. Pupils should recite at least once each term some ap- propriate selection that has been committed to memory. Advice and assistance in home reading should be given. 29 History and Literature. — U. S. History and stories from Greek History, from supplementary readers. Arithmetic. — Thorough review of fractions. Fish’s Arithmetic, page 109 to page 137. Mental, parallels written arithmetic during this year. Geography. — Natural Elementary Geography, from page hi to end of book, or Montieth’s Elementary Geography, Europe and Africa, as outlined at grade meetings. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, book 5, upper half of each page. Spelling. — Reed's Word Lessons, from lesson 109 to lesson 141. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 5, first half. Eclectic Practice Book, first half. Practice Book Work. — Page 1. — Movement drill, ver- tical reversed curves. Page 2. — Working drawing, hexagonal prism, three views. Page 3. — Spray of leaves, from nature. Page 4. — Group from nature, apple, pear and lemon. Page 5. — Group from object, cylinder and sphere. Page 6. — Movement drill, ellipses. Physiology. — Familiar talks, one each week. Or- gans of Digestion: (a) Structure and rise; (b) Abuses. The Digestion of Food: (a) appearance of stomach be- fore and during digestion; (b) Circumstances which affect digestion; (c) Kinds of food and value of a mixed diet ; (d) Effect of alcohol upon stomach and other di- 30 festive organs; (e) Effects of tobacco upon the stomach and other digestive organs; (f) Waste and re- pair. Physical Culture . — First Series. Sitting Positions. Arm bending, swinging and twisting. Shoulder pull- ing. Arm extending and circling. Chest expansion. Head and hack bending. Swimming motion. Foot movements. Breathing. Second Series. Standing Positions. Military salute. Arm circling. Bowing. Steadi- ness of poise. Leg swinging. Stamping. Breathing. Third Series. — Giving. SIXTH GRADE. CLASS B. Language. — Maxwell’s Introductory Lessons in Eng- lish Grammar, from lesson 30 to lesson 41, inclusive. Composition and rhetorical work, same as in preced- ing class. History and Literature. — American and Greek His- tory. from supplementary readers. Arithmetic. — Measures, Denominate Numbers, and Measurements, with such limitations as shall be given at teachers’ grade meetings. Fish’s Arithmetic No. 2, from page 137 to page 172. Geography. — Natural Elementary Geography, from page 22 to page 65. Review North America and the United States with all its colonies, with especial empha- sis upon geography of Pacific Coast Section, and terri- tory recently acquired. This review is not merely to fix in mind facts that have been previously studied, but in the light of the knowledge of the geography of the world, it is to enlarge the pupil's view and to bring into comparison with his own country the various nations of the earth. The class of 1898-fi will use Monteith’s Elementary Geography — Asia, making a special study of China, Ja- pan, and the American possessions in the Pacific. See suggestion for the study of China in 7 A. Much supplementary matter should be used in con- nection with the geography work of this and the pre- ceding grade. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, book 5, lower half of each page. Spelling.— Reed’s Word Lessons, from lesson 141 to lesson 173. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book No. 5, last half. Eclectic Practice Book, last half. Practice Book Work. — Page 6. — Movement drills, ovals. Page 7. — Leaves from nature. Page 8. — Group from objects, cylinder in front of square prism. Page 9. — Book, closed in front of, and below level of, eye, from object. Page 10. — Group, vegetables from object. Page 11. — Working drawing of square pyramid at an angle of 45 degrees, two views. 32 Paee 12. — Movement drill, horizontal reversed o curves. Physiology. — Special Senses: (a) Location and use; (b) Care and protection; (c) Development; (d) Abuses. The Voice: (a) Structure and uses of vocal organs; (b) Culture of the voice; (c) Neglect of voice training. SEVENTH GRADE. CLASS A. Language.- — Maxwell’s Introductory Lessons in Eng- lish Grammar, from lesson 42 to lesson 56. Outlines for preceding grades to be observed through the work of the Seventh Grade. In connection with the composition work of the sev- enth and eighth grades much time should be devoted to exercises in letter writing, business forms, and busi- ness correspondence. History and Literature. — American and Roman His- tory, from supplementary readers. Read one Ameri- can classic. Arithmetic. — Percentage, Trade Discount, Profit and Loss, Commission, Insurance and Taxes. Fish's Arith- metic No. 2, from page 173 to page 198. Mental, to parallel written arithmetic. Geography. — Monteith’s Elementary Geography, The Pacific Coast. Map of Oregon, showing counties and county seats. Study our commercial relations with Victoria, B. C.; Mazatlan; Acapulco; Valparaiso; Rio Janeiro ; Auck- 33 land; Melbourne; Sidney; Honolulu; Yokohama; Hong Kong; Manilla; Port Arthur. Specialize upon the present conditions in China, and show how its dismemberment may affect x\merican com- merce. Review the cardinal points of the geography of North America and Europe. Specialize upon newly acquired territory. See gen- eral suggestions for 6 B. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, book 6, upper half of each page. Spelling. — Reed’s Word Lessons, from lesson 173 to lesson 207. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 6, first half. Eclectic Practice Book, first half. Practice Book Work. — Page 1.— Working drawing of cylinder in front of square prism; three views. Page 2. — Leaves or flowers, from nature. Page 3. — Drawing of ellipsoid, from object, shaded. Page 4. — Drawing of cylinder, from object, shaded. Page 5. — Open book, from object. Page 6. — Square pyramid, from object, shaded. Physiology. — Nervous System. The Brain: (a) Sit- uation, structure and use; (b) The nervous system, like a telegraph system; the brain the central office, from which radiate the lines or nerves that carry messa- ges to and from all parts of the body, thus directing all movements of the muscles; (c) Effects of alcohol and tobacco; (d) Mental faculties. 34 Physical Culture . — First Series. Relaxing Exer- cises. Complex action. Opposition of hand and foot. Oppo- sition swing. Stepping and heel raising. Four count placing. Breathing. Second Series. Complex Exercises. Abdominal exercises. Leg elasticity. Knee bending and arm floating. Looking and bending backward. Mercury poise. Breathing. Third Series. Feather Movements. Harmonic poise. Breathing. SEVENTH GRADE. CLASS B. Language. — Maxwell's Introductory Lessons in Eng- lish Grammar completed. For composition work, see 7 A. History and Literature. — Roman History, from sup- plementary readers. Barnes’ Brief History of the United States to the Revolutionary War. In the study of U. S. History in the seventh and eighth grades the object should be to familiarize the pupils with the leading facts of American history, paying special attention to the relation of cause and effect. In the study of wars deal more with their causes and their results than with details. Spend little time in the study of battles. 35 The teacher should show the connection of European history to our establishment and growth as a nation. Each pupil should, during the year if possible, read and report upon at least one historical book bearing upon one or more of the periods studied. Arithmetic. — Interest, Bank Discount to No. 20, page 2 1 4 , and Partial Payments to bottom of page 21 9 , Fish’s No. 2. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, book, 6, lower half of each page. Spelling. — Reed’s Word Lessons, from lesson 207 to Part IV. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 6, last half. Eclectic Practice Book, last half. Practice Book Work. — Page 7. — Working drawing, cone in front of hexagonal prism. Page 8. — Leaves or flowers, from nature. Page 9. — Ovoid, shaded, from object. Page 10. — Flower pot, from object, shaded. Page 11. — Cube at an agle of 45 degrees and slightly below level of eye, shaded, from object. Page 12. — Group, cone and sphere, shaded, from ob- ject. Physiology— The Eye and the Ear: (a) Situation, structure and uses; (b) Parts; (c) Cultivation; (d) Abuse and neglect. EIGHTH GRADE. CLASS A. Language. — Maxwell’s Introductory Lessons in Eng- fish thoroughly reviewed. At least three periods a week should be devoted to analyzing selections from Ameri- can Classics. For composition and rhetorical work, see all directions given for preceding grades. History and Literature.— Barnes’ Brief History, from beginning of the Revolutionary War to Polk’s adminis- tration. Each pupil should read one historical book, with a view to a written report. American Classics. Arithmetic. — Ratio and Proportion, Involution, Square Root, Government Lands, and Mensuration to bottom of page 303. Fish’s No. 2. Mental as directed at teachers’ monthly grade meetings. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, * book 7, upper half of each page. Spelling. — Reed’s Word Lessons, from lesson 239 to lesson 263, except such omissions as shall be made at teachers’ grade meetings. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 7, first half. Eclectic Practice Book, first half. Practice Book Work. — Page 1. — Working drawing of book. Page 2. — Leaves or flowers, from nature. Page 3. Book at an angle of 45 degrees, from ob- ject, shaded. Page 4. — Hexagonal prism, shaded, from object. Page 5. — Vase, from object, shaded. Page 6. — Hemisphere, shaded, from object. 37 Physiology. — Smith’s Elementary Physiology and Hygiene, to page 98. Physical Culture. — See Seventh A. Civil Government. — Peterman’s Civil Government, from page 17 to page 157, Part 2. EIGHTH GRADE. CLASS B. Language. — Continuation of work given for 8 A. No pupil should be promoted from this grade who has not become habituated to correct usage of the common forms of speech. History and Literature. — Barnes’ Brief History com- pleted. Collateral reading as in 8 A. American Class- ics. Arithmetic. — Review from Fractions. Fish’s No. 2, following work outlined for preceding grades. Writing. — American System of Vertical Writing, book 7, lower half of each page. Spelling. — Reed’s Word Lessons, from lesson 263 to end of book, except omissions authorized at grade meetings. Drawing. — Eclectic Drawing Book, No. 7, last half. Eclectic Practice Book, last half. Practice Book Work. — Page 1. — Working drawing, flight of steps; three views. Page 2. — Flight of steps at an angle of 45 degrees from object, shaded. Page 3. — Leaves or flowers, from nature. Page 4. — Fruit, from object, shaded. 3 « Page 5. — Cylinder in front of square prism, from ob- ject, shaded. Page 6. — Vase and book, shaded, from object. Physiology. — Smith’s Elementary Physiology and Hygiene, from page 98 to end of book. Physical Culture. — See Seventh Grade, Class A. Civil Government. — Peterman’s Civil Government, from Part II to end of book. ETHICS— FIRST GRADE. Conversation in opening exercises in which the teach- er shall aim to secure the confidence and voluntary par- ticipation of the children, in order that she may learn their characters and guide their tendencies of thought and action. Appropriate poems explained and memorized. Songs. Stories illustrating principles of morals, related to children and discussed by them. Treatment of animals. Careful attention to propriety of conduct and good manners in the school room, on grounds, etc. SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. General plan of first grade. Readings of stories, fables, etc., discussed by pupils with reference to their ideas of right and wrong. Study individual character, that predispositions of pupils may be known, defects corrected, and good quali- ties developed. 39 Use school discipline as a means of education, making plain the relation between fault and penalty; always showing* in the school a regard for justice; making frankness, sincerity and justice especially prominent. Appeal to the moral feeling and judgment of the pupil by leading him to discover his errors for himself. Teach the pupils by observation to know the sad re- sults of such common vices as drunkenness, idleness, disorder, cruelty to others or to animals. FOURTH AND FIFTH GRADES. Continue the course outlined for the three lower pri- mary grades, with somewhat more of method and pre- cision, adding the topics suggested in the following outline. Duties to Parents : Obedience, respect, gratitude; aiding parents in their labors; caring for them in sickness. Duties of Brothers and Sisters: Protection of the younger by the older; effect of ex- ample. Duties of the Child in School: Diligence, industry, decorum; duties toward the teacher; duties toward school mates. Courtesy in all relations. Duties Toward One's Self: Cleanliness, sobriety, temperance; physical exercise. 40 Economy; avoidance of debt; too great love for money and gain; prodigality; avarice. Truthfulness and sincerity; personal dignity, self- respect, modesty; justice; charity; tolerance. Kindness to animals; their rights to protection. SIXTH, SEVENTH AND EIGHTH GRADES. General plan of preceding grades continued and ex- plained in the following series of lessons: (a) The Family — Reciprocal duties of parents and children; of employers and employes. (b) Society — Necessity and benefits of society. Mu- tual responsibility; human brotherhood. Development of the idea of justice; respect for life and liberty, for property, for one’s word, for the honor and reputation of others, for opinions and beliefs. Respect for the rights of all living creatures , a safe rule of conduct. Contrast the virtues with their corresponding vices and show them to be respectively, phases of conformity to, or departure from, this rule. Show in a simple manner the difference between duty and interest, between the statute and the moral law. (c) The native land. What one owes to his country — Obedience to laws, the services of citizenship, defense in time of peril. Taxes and duties. Voting — Morally obligatory, it must be free, con- scientious, intelligent. Condemnation of all frauds against the state. The national sovereignty. 4i COURSES OF STUDY FOR THE HIGH SCHOOE NINTH GRADE. FIRST TERM. SECOND TERM. Algebra *5 Bookkeeping 3 Ancient History 4 ( Grammar 3 English - Classics 3 ( Composition-- 2 Algebra 5 Botany 4 Ancient and Medieval History 4 I Grammar 2 English -j Classics ( Composition TENTH GRADE. FIRST TERM. [SECOND /TERM. Geometry 5 Physical Geography 3 Astronomy 2 f Rhetoric 2 English -j Classics 3 (Composition-- 2 Modern History 4 Latin 5 Geometry Physical Geography Astronomy f Rhetoric 2 English < Classics 3 (Composition.- 2 English History 4 Latin 5 ELEVENTH GRADE. FIRST TERM. SECOND jTERM. Geometry 2 Higher Arithmetic 3 Higher Arithmetic 5 Physics - 4 Physics 4 U. S. History f 4 U. S. History f 4 Civics ( Civics ( f History of English History of American 2 f Literature 2 3 English ^ Classics 3 ( Composition -- 2 ( Composition -- 2 Latin 5 Latin 5 *The figures show the number of recitation periods a week in each study. fO 04 | [ | 10 fO N 42 Pupils shall be given one credit for each term of sat- isfactory work in any subject of four or more recitation periods a week as shown in the above outline. In esti- mating credits, Physical Geography and Astronomy shall be considered as one study, as shall Geometry and Higher Arithmetic. Pupils, except those taking Latin, shall be graduated when they have done six terms of satisfactory work in English and have earned not less than twenty credits, distributed as follows: Maximum. Minimum. Mathematics, 6 3 English, 6. 6 Science, 6 2 History, 6 3 Latin 4 4 Pupils taking Latin shall be graduated when they have earned not less than twenty-one credits. All pupils must earn maximum credits in three sub- jects, and not less than minimum in all the others ex- cept Latin, which is an optional study. As a rule, pupils will be required to prepare for at least twenty recitations a week. Every exception to this rule must be approved by the superintendent. The superintendent will select the studies to be taken in all subjects in which minimum work is done. 43 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. The purpose of this course is to furnish a liberal ele- mentary education suitable not only for those who con- template a higher education later, but especially for those pupils who, upon leaving school, must enter at once upon the active duties of life. Graduates of the school are admitted to all the higher institutions of learning in Oregon. Promotion. — Written tests upon some part of the month’s work in each study required at least once each month. These tests, combined with records in oral work, de- termine the month’s rank. Special examinations may be employed on completing a given subject. The minimum for promotion upon examination is sixty per cent in each branch of study, and an average of seventy-five per cent in all branches. COURSES OF STUDY NOTES AND EXPLANATIONS. MATHEMATICS NINTH GRADE. First Term. — Robinson’s Elementary Algebra. Entire Quantities: Fractions and Simple Equations to Elimination, page 140. Second Term. — Robinson’s Elementary Algebra. Simple Equations, from page 140, Involution, Evolu- tion, Radical Quantities and Quadratic Equations. TENTH GRADE. First Term. — Robinson’s Geometry. Plane Geometry from beginning to Book V. Through the entire course in geometry original exer- cises should be given much attention. Second Term. — Robinson's Geometry. Plane and Solid Geometry. Throughout the course many original demonstrations and many applications of principles to practical prob- 45 lems are required. Occasional demonstrations using a mental diagram. Pupils are occasionally required to dictate construc- tions. ELEVENTH GRADE. First Term. — Robinson’s New Higher Arithmetic, from beginning to Ratio, page 270; omitting Meas- ures, Denominate Numbers, and Practical Measure- ments from page 262. Second Term. — Robinson’s New Higher Arithmetic, from Ratio to page 447, with the following omissions: Foreign Exchange and Arbitration of Exchange. SCIENCE. NINTH GRADE. Second Term. — Steele’s Botany. Collections to be made by pupils. Anatomy and physiology of organs of flowering plants. Brief outline of Cryptogamia. Use of note books. Elements of classification. Study of typical forms. Herbarium of house and garden plants, and as many species of Oregon wild flowering plants as possible, with proper classification. 46 TENTH GRADE. First Term. — Physical Geography. Hinman. From beginning to page 248. Steele’s New Descriptive Astronomy. First half of the book. Second Term. — Hinman’s Physical Geography, com- pleted. Steele s New Descriptive Astronomy; last half of the book. ELEVENTH GRADE. First Term. — Steele’s Physics. Properties of Matter, Motion and Force. Attraction, Elements of Mechan- ics, Pressure of Liquids and Gases, Sound. Second Term. — Steele’s Physics. Light, Heat, Mag- netism and Electricity. HISTORY. NINTH GRADE. First Term. — Barnes’ General History, from the be- ginning to page 203. Special attention should be given to the advance or retrogression of nations in civiliza- tion as noted both in the development of their political, social and religious institutions, and in the evidence af- forded by their arts, literature, and philosophy. Special assignments should be made in mythology and biography. 47 Constant use of maps. Second Term.— Barnes’ General History, from page 203 to The Rise of Modern Nations, page 337. Written sketches of important men- — Fabius, the Gracchi, Cicero, Caesar. Maps to show growth of empire. Recitations largely topical. Topical outlines should be made by pupils and used in review. TENTH GRADE. First Term. — Barnes' General History, from page 337 to the end of the book. Selected Topics. Reference to standard histories; all references being made subjects of special recitation by different pupils in the class. Additional matter should be presented by the teacher and notes taken by the pupils. Topical outlines as in the preceding class. Second Term. — Lancaster’s History of England. The development of the English constitution especial- ly noted. Special topics frequently assigned requiring investiga- tion by other authorities. Independent thought and research encouraged in every way. 4 8 ELEVENTH GRADE. First Term. — Advanced U. S. History and Civil Gov- eminent. Second Term. — Advanced U. S. History and Civil Government. ENGLISH. The English work is planned with a view to the student’s growth in power (i) to appreciate good litera- ture and (2) to give his own thoughts clear and concise expression. The study of selections throughout the course will cover the following points: Reading aloud; memorizing passages; composi- tions upon topics suggested by the selections. De- scriptions of character; analysis of sentences; para- phrasing; derivation and formation of words; diction; structure of sentences; figures of rhetoric. Two periods each week, throughout the entire course are devoted to composition work. These must usually be written in school and under the immediate supervision of the teacher; subject assigned by the teacher; compositions, short and accompanied by an outline, are carefully corrected and re-written, if necessary; typical errors being corrected before the class. The principles of rhetoric are recpiired mainly by prac- tice in carefully arranged composition exercises. At least two rhetorical exercises a term, of such char- acter as may be specified by the teacher, are required of each pupil in the high school. NINTH GRADE. First Term. — Maxwell's English Grammar. From the beginning to Word Formation, page 203. Prosod}', pages 303 to 315. American Classics. — Such selections as shall be indi- cated at grade meetings. Composition in connection with Grammar and Classics. Second Term. — Maxwell’s English Grammar, from page 206. Special attention to prefixes and suffixes, and the an- alysis of sentences. American Classics. — Selections will be indicated at grade meetings. Composition in connection with Grammar and Classics. TENTH GRADE. First Term. — Wacldy’s Elements of Composition and Rhetoric. English Classics. — Selections made known at grade meetings. Composition in connection with Rhetoric and Classics. Narration. Second Term. — Waddy’s Elements of Composition and Rhetoric. 5 ° English Classics. — Selections made known at grade meetings. Composition in connection with Rhetoric and Classics. Description and exposition. ELEVENTH GRADE. First Term. — History of English Literature. English and American Classics. Composition; Argumentation. Second Term. — History of American Literature. English and American Classics. Composition; Oration. LATIN. TENTH GRADE. First Term. — Harkness’s Easy Latin Method. Second Term. — Finish Harkness’s Easy Latin Method. ELEVENTH GRADE. First Term. — Arrowsmith and Whicher’s First Latin Readings. Harkness’s Standard Latin Grammar, with such omis- sions and limitations as shall be decided upon at grade meetings. Second Term. — Arrowsmith and Whicher’s First Latin Readings. Harkness’s Standard Latin Grammar. 5i BOOK-KEEPING. Theory and practice of Single and Double Entry; practice in business between pupils, with books kept in double entry. Much drill in business forms and business correspond- ence. GENERAL MEETING. A general meeting of all the teachers employed in the public schools of the city will be held in the superin- tendent’s class room at the Barclay building, on the Saturday immediately preceding the opening of the fall term, at 2 P. M. GRADE MEETINGS. Meetings of the teachers of the various grades will be held in the superintendent’s office at the Barclay build- ing as follows: First Grade — First Monday of each school month, at 4 P. M. Second Grade — First Tuesday of each school month, at 4 P. M. Third Grade — First Wednesday of each school month, at 4 P. M. Fourth Grade — First Thursday of each school month, at 4 P. M. Fifth Grade — First Friday of each school month, at 4 P. M. Sixth Grade — First Saturday of each school month, at 9 A. M. Seventh Grade — First Saturday of each school month, at io A. M. Eighth Grade — First Saturday of each school month, at ii A. M. Ninth Grade — First Saturday of each school month, at i P. M. GENERAL RULES 1. The use of the school buildings by pupils at night for social or literary purposes shall not be permitted, ex- cept to the literary societies of the High School for one public meeting each term. 2. The houses and rooms shall be kept locked during the absence of teachers, and no persons, except those who have charge of said houses, shall have permission to remain in or to enter them during such absence; provided, that for good cause the superintendent may suspend the last clause of this rule. 3. ' The hours of tuition shall be from nine o’clock to 11:45 A- M., including a fifteen minute recess; and from 1 o’clock to 3:45 P. M., including a fifteen minute recess. 4. In all departments of the primary grades, except the fourth, the daily session shall close at 2:30 P. M. 5. The books used and studies pursued shall be such, and such only, as may be authorized by the Board; and no teacher shall require or advise any of the pupils to purchase or use in the schools any book, instrument, pamphlet or publication not contained in the list of books directed and authorized to be used in the schools. 6. New classes in the first grade shall be formed only at the commencement of each new term. 7. The schools in charge of this Board shall be divided into eleven grades. The first, second, third and forth grades shall consti- tute the primary schools; the fifth, sixth, seventh and 54 eighth grades, the grammar schools; the ninth, tenth and eleventh, the high school. 8. The school year shall consist of 36 weeks, or 180 days. 9. School shall be closed on all legal holidays, and for a period of not less than one week and not more than two weeks, which period shall include December 25th and January 1st. The 180 days of school year shall in- clude all legal holidays falling on school days. 10. Non-resident pupils shall pay, in advance, the following rates of tuition: High school, two dollars and fifty cents per school month; grammar school, two dollars per school month; primary school, one dollar and fifty cents per school month. DUTIES OF THE SUPERINTENDENT. 11. The superintendent shall have his office at* the Barclay building. 12. There shall be kept in his office registers of the names of all pupils enrolled in the schools, together with residences and names of parents, and such other data as may be directed by the Board. 13. He shall not leave the city during school days except by consent of the Board, through the president. 14. He shall exercise a general supervision of the various departments, have charge of a recitation room in the high school in the afternoon, and visit every de- partment of the schools as often as his duties will permit; and he shall pay particular attention to the classifica- tion of the pupils in the several departments. 15. He shall carefully observe the teaching and dis- cipline of all the teachers employed in the public schools, to the end that he may give them such advice and assist- 00 ance as will enable them to secure more satisfactory re- sults. 1 6. He shall acquaint himself with whatever facts and principles may concern the interests of popular edu- cation, and with all matters in any way pertaining to the organization, discipline and instruction of public schools in other cities, to the end that all the children of this district who are in our public schools may obtain the best education that these schools can impart. 17. He shall devise and report to the Board a sys- tem of blanks for reports, have charge of their distribu- tion to teachers and return by them, and impart to teachers instructions for keeping the same. 18. He shall have power to fill vacancies, in case of the temporary absence of teachers, and to suspend pupils guilty of gross misconduct, or continued insubor- dination to school regulations. 1 9 . All directions to pupils or teachers, from the Board, shall be communicated through the superintend- ent. 20. He shall have charge of all school supplies and apparatus, and see that they are properly distributed and economically used. 21. For the purpose of consultation or instruction, he shall have power to call meetings of the teachers at such times and places as he may deem expedient. 22. He shall, during the first week of each quarter, present to non-resident pupils, bills for the tuition of said quarter, and no pupil shall be enrolled until said bill has been returned to the superintetndent receipted. He shall also forward to the clerk a list of the names of all non-resident pupils with amounts due. 23. He only shall have power, in case of an emer- 5 6 gency-or when the general or special discipline of the school demands, to dismiss any parts of the schools. PRINCIPALS. 24. Principals shall be present at their school build- ings at 8:30 A. M., and call the roll of their assistants at 8 : 4 o A. M. and 12:45 P- M. 25. They shall be responsible to the superintendent for the general discipline of their respective schools. To secure good order in the halls or elsewhere on the school premises, a principal may detail his assistants to perform such monitorial duties as he may deem neces- sary. 26. They shall report to the superintendent any neg- lect on the part of the janitors. They shall be responsible for the care of their re- spective buildings from 8:30 A. M. until 3:45 P. M. on school days. 27. Principals shall see that the United States flag is raised over their respective buildings before school on every school day, the weather being favorable, and that the same is removed and properly cared for after dismissal in the afternoon. 28. The principals shall prescribe such regulations as shall ensure the good condition, neatness and clean- liness of the yards, basements and outbuildings. TEACHERS. 29. Teachers shall be at their school rooms at least twenty minutes before the opening of school in the morning, and fifteen minutes in the afternoon. Teachers not present in accordance with this rule shall 57 be reported as tardy to the superintendent, by the prin- cipals. 30. Good order must be maintained in rooms, halls and on the school premises. Every teacher is hereby empowered and enjoined to command order on or near the school premises on the part of every pupil connected with the public schools. 31. Corporal punishment shall be considered a proper means to secure obedience when other available means have been found insufficient; but, except in cases requiring immediate action, teachers must, before in- flicting such punishment, consult the principal, and, un- less he shall otherwise direct, the punishment must be inflicted either by him or in his presence. 32. I11 all cases of corporal punishment the superin- tendent must be promptly presented with a statement of the case in full. 33. No teacher shall read or allow to be read, any advertisement, or allow any advertisement to be distrib- uted in school or on the school premises. No agent or messenger shall be allowed to announce any public entertainment, nor shall anyone take up the time of the school by lectures of any kind without per- mission of the Board. 34. Teachers are expected usually to conduct recita- tions without the text book in hand. 35. Each teacher shall prepare a programme of daily exercises, a copy of which shall be posted on the inside and another copy on the outside of her school room door, and a third copy shall be sent to the superinten- dent within one week after the beginning of each term. 36. Every teacher is required to have a copy of the rules and regulations in his or her school room, and to read to the pupils, at least once in each term, so much 58 of the same as will give them a just understanding of the rules which apply to them, and by which they are gov- erned. 37. Teachers shall not send pupils on errands during school hours, except on urgent school business. 38. Teachers, principals excepted, may, for the pur- pose of observing the modes of discipline and instruc- tion, take two days in each year to visit any of the pub- lic schools of Oregon City or Portland; but both of such visiting days shall not be taken in the same term, nor till provision, satisfactory to the superintendent, has been made for the proper care of the pupils immediately under their charge. 39. It shall be their duty to practice such discipline in their schools as would be exercised by a kind and judi- cious parent in his family, always firm and vigilant, but prudent. They shall endeavor on all proper occasions, to im- press upon the minds of their pupils the principles of morality and virtue, a sacred regard for truth, neatness, order, sobriety, industry and frugality. But no teacher shall exercise any sectarian influence in the schools. 40. Teachers of the grammar grades shall have writ- ten tests once a month in each study; the rating of the papers must contribute toward the pupil’s monthly scholarship standing. Papers noticeable for special merit should be sent to the superintendent. 41. Teachers in the primary grades will hold in the same manner the same monthly reviews, except that most of the work should be oral. 42. Teachers shall not permit their time to be taken 59 from school duties by book agents or other persons hav- ing articles for sale. 43. Teachers shall impress upon the minds of their pupils their responsibilities to the school authorities for conduct on the way to and from school. They shall en- deavor to detect any improper conduct between home and school and report the same to the principal. 44. Any teacher not present for roll call at 8:40 A. M. and 12:45 P- M., shall be fined 50 cents for each such failure, subject to remission by the Board for cause. 45. Any principal shall be fined 50 cents for each failure to comply with Rule 24, subject to remission by the Board for cause. 46. Pupils deficient in their lessons, disorderly in their deportment, or late in their attendance, may be detained after the dismissal of the school in the after- noon, not to exceed a half hour in the primary grades, and not to exceed one hour in all other grades, includ- ing the high school; and during the time of such de- tention the pupils detained shall be under the personal supervision of their respective teachers. No such detention shall be permitted during the in- termission at noon. 47. Pupils shall in no case be sent home during school hours for excuses for their own delinquencies. 48. Any teacher finding it impossible to attend school on any day, must send notice to the superinten- dent as early as 8 A. M., together with keys for school room and desk, and such other information as may as- sist the substitute to do efficient work. When she is able to resume her duties in the school room, she shall send word to that effect to the superin- tendent on the day before her intended return. 6o 49. In every case in which a teacher decides an ex- cuse for tardiness or absence to be insufficient, the par- ents or guardians shall be notified of such decision. 50. All written excuses shall be preserved until the end of the term. 51. Each teacher shall take at least one periodical devoted to educational work. 52. Teachers elected by the Board will be required to teach in any building or department that in the judg- ment of the superintendent the highest interest of the school may demand. Provided, that the Board approve of all assignments and transfers of teachers by the super- intendent. 53. It shall be the duty of the teachers to attend all meetings called by the superintendent. No excuse for absence will be accepted other than such as would justify absence from a regular school ses- sion. PUPILS. 54. Pupils must, on all occasions, be obedient to their teachers and polite in their intercourse with each other. 55. Wilful disobedience, truancy, the use of obscene or profane language on the school premises shall be con- sidered good cause for suspension. 56. Only the superintendent shall suspend a pupil. The Board reserves the right to permanently expel a pupil. 57. New pupils will be received on Monday morning of each week. (For first grade pupils, see Rule 6.) 58. Any child coming to school without proper at- 6j tention having been given to the cleanliness of his per- son or dress, or whose clothes need repairing, shall be sent home to be properly prepared for the school room. 59. Whenever a pupil is transferred from one school to another, he shall be required to present to the teacher of the department which he wishes to enter, a certificate from the superintendent specifying the grade and class to which he belongs. He shall then be allowed to enter a class in the same grade as that which he left. 60. Every pupil who shall be absent from study or tardy to school shall bring to his teacher a written ex- cuse from his parent' or guardian. 61. Any pupil who shall be absent four half days, or tardy twice in any four consecutive weeks, may be sus- pended unless valid excuses have been accepted by the teacher. 62. Absence from any regular examination, or pre- viously appointed examination, for any cause except ill- ness, shall be considered sufficient reason for placing- such absent pupil in the next lower class, or excluding him from school. 63. Pupils shall walk quietly up and down the stairs and through the halls; make no unnecessary noise at any time in any part of the buildings; shall not remain in the halls or on the stairways, or enter or rap at, the door of any room not their own, without previously get- ting the consent of the proper teacher. 64. Pupils must leave the school premises and go directly home after school is closed, both at noon and night, unless otherwise permitted by the superintendent or principal, and must not bring to the school, books or papers foreign to the purpose of study. 62 65. Pupils are forbidden to throw upon the school grounds, or while on the way to or from school, stones or missels'of any kind: Provided, that snowballing may be engaged in only upon the special permission of a principal. 66. Pupils shall not mark, scratch or break, in any way, the furniture, casings, walls, windows, or any of the appurtenances of the school premises. Pupils committing such injuries, accidental or inten- tional, shall immediately procure the necessary repairs or be assessed by the principal a sum sufficient to cover the damage; and on neglect or refusal to comply with this rule may be suspended from school. 67. Every pupil shall be marked tardy who is not in the school room when the tardy bell rings (unless tem- porarily excused by the teacher,) or who enters school at any time before the middle of the session; but every pupil shall be marked absent for the session if he enters after the middle of said session. Provided, That any pupil shall be marked absent whose attendance at school does not equal one-half of the regular half-day session. 68. In case a pupil starts to school anti declines to attend for fear of being tardy, such absence shall be marked both absent and tardy against such pupil. 69. Teachers are authorized to judge of the suffi- ciency of all excuses. In case of doubt, consult the principal. Teachers will be held responsible to the Board for ac- cepting frivolous excuses. 70. Any pupil who forges the name of any parent or guardian, or other person authorized to sign excuses or requests, or who knowingly presents a forged paper, may be suspended. 63 No pupil shall be allowed to leave school, any day, be- fore the usual time for dismissal, without being excused by the teacher; and such excuse shall not be given ex- cept in case of sickness, or upon personal or written re- quest of parent or guardian. 72. In case of suspension, except under Rule 66, the pupil shall be excluded from the school until re-admitted by the Board on petition of the offending parties. 73. (a) No pupil known to have any contagious dis- ease, or to have any offensive disease rendering his pres- ence undesirable in the school room, shall be allowed to remain in the school. The principal shall determine who shall be excluded under this rule, and when pupils shall be allowed to re- turn to the school. (b) No pupil who lives in a house where there is a case of small pox, diphtheria, or scarlet fever, or who is known to have been exposed to these diseases, shall be allowed to attend school. (c) No pupil who has not been successfully vaccin- ated shall be permitted to attend school. (d) Principals shall not permit the entrance or return to school of such children until they are furnished with a certificate of safety which shall be satisfactory. JANITORS. 74. Janitors shall devote their time exclusively to the duties of their position, have sole management of the heating apparatus of the buildings, acting under di- rection of the principals. 75. They shall sweep thoroughly every school room, hall and stairway at least once each day; and with a cloth and feather brush remove all the dust every morn- 64 mg* from the desks, tables, chairs, seats, etc. 76. They shall keep the snow off the steps and all the walks inside the school premises. 77. They shall wash, when requested by the superin- tendent, the floors of all the school rooms, halls, stair- ways, etc. The inside woodwork and windows shall be washed at least twice during the year — once at the close of the summer vacation, and again at the beginning of the sec- ond term of school. 78. They shall inspect the closets daily and keep the closet walls, seats and floors neat and perfectly clean, washing them as often as in the judgment of the princi- pal may be necessary. 79. They shall wind the clocks as often as necessary; ring the bell at proper times; * make any minor repairs by direction of the superintendent; have care of the school house and grounds at all hours and times, both during school hours and out of school hours; move desks and do other extra work when requested by the principal, and attend to all repairs not requiring skilled workmanship. 80. They shall have all the school rooms heated by 8:30 A. M.; close and fasten all the doors and windows before leaving the buildings at night; keep the walks clean; cleanse the filters as often as may be necessary; sterilize daily the pencils, penholders, etc., of such de- partments as may be requested by the superintendent; remove paper and other rubbish from the school grounds; remove all marks and defacements without delay; perform any monitorial duty requested by the superitnendent or principal, and report to the principal any abuse of school property by pupils or any other persons. 65 81. No janitor shall leave the school premises in his charge between the hours of 8:30 A. M. and 4:30 P. M., without first obtaining permission of his principal. 82. Janitors shall be held responsible for any damage to water pipes by freezing that may result from their neglect to shut off the water at the proper time. 83. No janitor shall begin to sweep in a school room until both teacher and pupils have retired. Teachers of primary classes, except the fourth grade, shall relinquish their rooms to the janitor, if he wishes them to do so, not later than 3:30 P. M.; and teachers of other grades at 4:30 P. M. No sweeping shall be done in the halls until 4:00 P.M. REGULATIONS GOVERNING STANDING AND PROMOTIONS. 1. Frequent written recitations are to be conducted during the usual recitation period in each subject taught, in all grades except first primary. 2. Half yearly promotions from all grades shall be made by the class room teacher, with the approval of the superintendent, of all pupils who shall have attained a satisfactory class standing. 3. By the class standing of pupils is meant the de- gree in which they have faithfully pursued their studies, improved in the preparation of their lessons, and given evidence through recitations, oral and written, of mas- tery of the subjects taught. 4 . During the last week of each school month, teach- ers for all grades above the first shall, on a blank pro- vided for that purpose, indicate their estimate of each pupil’s standing in each study by the use of figures made on the scale of 100; but shall not give a more precise 66 estimate than can be expressed by tens and fives. 5. Tests, both oral and written, shall be given at ir- regular intervals and without previous announcement at least once each term. The result of these tests will contribute to the estimates of the monthly standings. 6. Every pupil belonging to any of the grades above the second, whose monthly standing in all studies has reached 95 or above for three months in succession, will be considered by the superintendent with a view to special promotion. 7. At the close of each half year all pupils whose av- erage standing in any study for the half year is 80 or above, shall be exempt from examination in that study. 8. Pupils whose average standing for the half year in any study is below 80, shall take a written examina- tion in that study; provided, that under favorable cir- cumstances a pupil whose standing in a given study is not sufficient for promotion may be conditionally pro- moted upon the direction of the superintendent. Pupils taking examination must not fall below 50 in any study, and make a general average of 70 in all studies. 9. In all reports to pupils or parents there shall be six grades of scholarship: (1) Excellent, 95 or above; (2) very good, 90-95; (3) good, 80-90; (4) fair, 70-80; (5( poor, 60-70: (6) bad, 50-60: (7) miserable, any standing below 50. 10. Monthly reports to parents are to contain the in- itials of words used above. 11. All written work shall lie marked on the follow- ing scale: Subject matter 80 per cent.; execution, in- cluding neatness, care in spelling and penmanship, and 67 general appearance, io per cent.; corrections made on his paper by the pupil after they are indicated by the teacher, ten per cent. 12. Whenever during the year a pupil by special dil- igence and proficiency indicates a fitness for' higher work, and is fitted by age and physical condition for such work, he may upon approval of the superintendent be transferred to a higher class. 13. No pupil whose standing in deportment is 85 or less for the term shall be granted honorary promotion. Teacher’s Notes Here. FORM FOR WRITTEN WORK. (Name of Study.) (Pupil’s Name.) (Date) (School) (Grade) (Teacher’s Name) In arithmetic, problems should occupy spaces similar in shape. Answers should be separated with penciled straight lines. In marking arithmetic papers, knowledge evinced of principles, as well as accuracy of work, should be con- sidered.