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A 
 
 COMPREHENSIVE 
 
 MEDICAL DICTIONARY: 
 
 CONTAINING THE 
 
 PRONUNCIATION, ETYMOLOGY, AND SIGNIFICATION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE TERMS MADE USE OF IN MEDICINE AND THE KINDRED SCIENCES 
 
 TOIt an appendix, 
 
 COMPRISING A COMPLETE LIST OF ALL THE MORE IMPORTANT 
 ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA MEDICA, ARRANGED AC- 
 CORDING TO THEIR MEDICINAL PROPERTIES. 
 
 ALSO 
 
 AN EXPLANATION OF THE LATIN TERMS AND PHRASES OCCURRING 
 
 IN ANATOMY, PHARMACY, ETC. ; TOGETHER WITH 
 THE NECESSARY DIRECTIONS FOR WRITING LATIN PRESCRIPTIONS, 
 
 J. THOMAS, M.D. 
 
 AUTHOR OF THE SYSTEM OF PRONUNCIATION IN LIPPINCOTT’s PRONOUNCING GAZETTEER 
 OP THE WORLD. ; * 
 
 ILL;-.. 
 
 e=* 
 
 PHILADELPHIA : 
 
 J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 
 
 1875 . 
 
 ur .. 
 
 JL. .= 
 
 r .:.4 
 
 Ifci 
 
 co 
 
 CJ'j 
 
 CD 
 
 SIONmi JO Ai!2c!I!A!f4n 
 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by 
 J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 
 
 in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District 
 of Pennsylvania. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The present work is designed to supply a want which has long 
 been felt by those commencing the study of medicine and the 
 collateral sciences. 
 
 An acquaintance with the dead languages, or at least with Latin, 
 was formerly, and in some parts of Europe is still, considered 
 absolutely necessary for a graduate in medicine as well as in the 
 other learned professions. 4 Although in the United States a clas- 
 sical education is not made an indispensable condition for conferring 
 a medical degree, yet, so long as the great majority of professional 
 terms are in Latin, some knowledge of this language may be said 
 to be absolutely requisite for the medical student. The fact that 
 multitudes of our young men commence the study of medicine 
 without any previous acquaintance with Latin or Greek, renders 
 it important that the elementary works intended for the use of 
 students should be adapted to meet this exigency. 
 
 To supply the want above indicated has been one of the chief 
 objects of the present work. In fulfilling this object, the editor 
 has aimed, — 
 
 First: to give a full explanation of the etymology of the various 
 words defined in the Dictionary. The importance of etymology 
 in furnishing, as it generally does, a sure clue to the true sig- 
 nification of scientific terms; in limiting and fixing their mean- 
 ing, thus guarding against looseness or vagueness of application ; 
 and lastly, and not least, in assisting the memory of the learner. 
 
 iii 
 
iv 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 since, by acquiring a knowledge of a comparatively few elements 
 or roots, he is thus enabled to determine the signification of a 
 multitude of compound words, — can scarcely be overestimated. It 
 is admitted, indeed, that terms not unfrequently occur of which 
 it is difficult or impossible to give an entirely satisfactory etymo- 
 logy. In a few of the most doubtful cases of this kind, it has been 
 deemed best to make no attempt to explain the derivation, since 
 an etymology which is purely fanciful or speculative, seems far 
 more likely to mislead or perplex than to instruct the student. 
 It may be proper to add that, in fulfilling this important part of 
 his task, the editor has not been content with merely following 
 the generally received authorities in etymology, but has made it 
 a rule, in every case of doubt or uncertainty, to examine the sub- 
 ject anew, and particularly to consult the best classical and modern 
 (foreign) dictionaries upon the point in question. 
 
 Secondly: to give, whenever practicable, a literal translation 
 of the various Latin phrases, sentences, etc. occurring in the work : 
 such, for example, as Extensor Digitorum Communis , Motor es Ocu- 
 lorum , Hydrargyrum cum Creta, etc. etc. The importance of such 
 explanations in giving clear and definite ideas to those who may 
 be unacquainted with the Latin tongue, is too obvious to require 
 to be enlarged upon. 
 
 For an explanation of some of the most important elements and 
 principles of the Latin language, designed chiefly for those who 
 have not had the advantage of a classical education, the reader is 
 referred to the Appendix, page 660. Connected with, and imme- 
 diately following, this portion of the work, will be found rules 
 and directions for the writing of Latin prescriptions. 
 
 Another feature in the work, and one which it is hoped will 
 prove of great practical importance, is the pronunciation of the 
 various terms given in the Dictionary. What correct spelling is 
 to the writer, correct pronunciation is to the speaker. If either 
 should be wholly neglected, the most perfect language would soon 
 become a babel, and fall into utter corruption. Every one who 
 takes the trouble to reflect on the subject must be aware that if it 
 w T ere not for the constant effort or aim to conform our speech to a 
 common standard, the language which we call English would in 
 the course of a few years be spoken so differently in different parts 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 V 
 
 of the world, as to be with difficulty understood, and in two or three 
 centuries it would, in all probability, become wholly unintelli- 
 gible, except to those few who might happen to be familiar with 
 the local dialect. He, therefore, who is willing to take the pains 
 to speak correctly, not only acquires an accomplishment which 
 will raise him in the estimation of all educated men, but he con- 
 tributes his portion towards exalting and extending the incalculable 
 blessings which language, the great vehicle of thought and know- 
 ledge, is capable of conferring on mankind. 
 
 The various terms employed in medicine may be divided into 
 two principal classes. The first class consists of those which are 
 properly English or have an Anglicized termination, whether de- 
 rived from the Saxon, as, Blood , Forearm , Nightmare , Rickets , etc. ; 
 from the French, as, Bandage , Viable , etc. ; from the Latin, as, Ab- 
 dominal (from abdominalis ), Abortion (from abortio ), Astringent 
 (from astringens), Ferruginous (from ferruginosus ), etc.; or from 
 the Greek, as, Apoplexy (from ariOTzXrjZia), Artery (from aprrjpia ), 
 Asthmatic (from aaOpaTixoq), etc. 
 
 The second class comprises all such terms as are Latin or 
 Latinized Greek, as, Abdomen , Amaurosis , Ammonia , Asthma , 
 Cerebrum , Laryngitis , (Esophagus , Sternum , Vertebra , etc. etc. 
 
 The pronunciation of the former class of words is attended with 
 no particular difficulty. Those of the second class, however, 
 though usually very easy with respect to the accentuation, and 
 perfectly uniform as to the sounds of the consonants, present a 
 very serious difficulty in regard to the pronunciation of the vowels. 
 At the University of Oxford in England, and at Harvard in the 
 United States, it is the usage to pronounce all Latin words with 
 the English sounds of the vowels: for example, a when long (as 
 the second a in ama!re , arna'bam, ama'tum) has the same sound 
 as our a in fate (never like a in far); long i is pronounced as in 
 pine; and so on. But many of the institutions of learning in this 
 country have adopted what is termed the “continental” pronuncia- 
 tion, according to which, the vowels are pronounced, not after 
 the English sound, but according to that of the languages of 
 Continental Europe. As, however, there is some diversity re- 
 specting the vowel sounds of the different European tongues, the 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Italian, which of all the modern languages is perhaps most nearly 
 related to the Latin, has generally been adopted as the standard. 
 According to this system, a should be sounded nearly like a in far, 
 e as in there , or like a in fate, i as in marine , or like e in mete, u 
 like oo, and y like i, that is, like our e. In some portions of 
 our country, particularly in the Middle States, there unfortu- 
 nately prevails a third system, consisting of a sort of mixture of 
 the other two already described. According to this system, — if 
 such it may be called, — the vowel a is sounded as in fast or fat 
 (never as in fate); i , when long, is usually pronounced as in pine, 
 though sometimes as in marine ; all the other vowels being uni- 
 formly sounded as in English. The improper diphthong ce , vdiich in 
 every other modern language corresponds in sound either exactly 
 or very nearly to e* is on this system sounded like our a in fate. 
 
 As may readily be imagined, these three different systems ex- 
 isting together in the same country, have had the effect to intro- 
 duce almost unlimited confusion into the pronunciation of Latin 
 words. Those who aim at correctness or propriety in speaking 
 should, we think, adopt either the Oxford pronunciation or the 
 continental; and whichever they adopt should be carried out con- 
 sistently. It is greatly to be desired, however, that some common 
 standard of Latin pronunciation might be fixed upon for the w T hole 
 United States: it would be of immense advantage even were its 
 application limited to scientific terms and phrases. 
 
 Under the existing state of things, the editor has not felt justified 
 in attempting to lay down any positive rules for the pronunciation 
 of the vowels occurring in Latin terms. He has, accordingly, for 
 the most part confined his labors in regard to this class of words, to 
 marking the accent and syllabication, and to indicating such vowel 
 sounds ( e.g . short i and short y) as are essentially the same 
 whether they are pronounced according to the continental or 
 
 * That is, to the sound of e in the respective languages; ce in French being 
 equivalent to the French e } ce in Spanish to the Spanish e , and so with the 
 rest. To sound ce differently from e tends to great confusion, inasmuch as a 
 multitude of Words are now written almost indifferently with the diphthong 
 or the vowel: as, JEdilc or Edile , ^Etiology or Etiology , etc. However such 
 words may be written, the pronunciation ought, unquestionaVy, to remain 
 the same. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Vll 
 
 the English mode. The most important point of all is the accent, 
 which can, for the most part, be readily ascertained, and, depend- 
 ing as it does upon the quantity * (not on the quality) of the 
 vowels, remains the same under all the different systems and in 
 all the various tongues of the world. The principal rules for 
 Latin accentuation are the following: — 
 
 Rule 1. — In trisyllables or polysyllables, if the penultima be 
 long, the accent must fall upon it: as, Abdo'men , Coni' um, Duode- 
 num, Porri'go , Scapula'ris , etc. 
 
 Rule 2. — If the penultima be short, the accent must fall on the 
 antepenultima : as, Ag'idum, Abdom'inis , An'ima , Assajod'ida , 
 Chimaph! ila, Cimicif'uga , Hydroceph! alus, Poly g' ala, etc. 
 
 Rule 3. — Dissyllables always take the accent on the penultima; 
 as, A cor, Co'ma, Liquor, &c. 
 
 It may be observed that whenever the accent of a Latin word 
 falls on the antepenultimate vowel followed immediately by a 
 single consonant, the accent is usually placed after the conso- 
 nant, and the vowel is made what in English we term “short.” 
 (See examples under Rule Second.) Accordingly, we pronounce 
 Abdominis — abdom'inis, Assafcetida — assafet'ida, etc., although in 
 both of these instances the penultimate syllable is long in Latin. f 
 The only important exception to this rule occurs in words having 
 u for the antepenultimate vowel; as, Alu'mma, Sulphu' ricus, etc., 
 in which case the accent should always be placed before the conso- 
 nant, the vowel retaining its full or long sound. J 
 
 It has until recently been the almost universal usage among 
 
 * The quantity is determined chiefly by the usage of the Latin poets, and 
 certain recognized rules of derivation. 
 
 f It is very important to bear in mind the essential difference between a 
 long vowel in English and a long vowel in Latin or Greek. In the former 
 case the word “long” refers to the quality of the vowel, in the latter always 
 to the quantity. The pronunciation of a long vowel in Latin or Greek is 
 estimated to occupy just twice as much time as is spent in uttering a short 
 vowel. In the present work, however, when the term “long” is employed 
 in reference to the pronunciation of a word, it is to be understood in the 
 English sense, if the contrary be not distinctly stated. m 
 
 J The plural of Greek nouns in -oma are, by common usage, excepted : as, 
 aro'mata (from aro'ma ), not arom'ata. If the penultima be a vowel followed 
 immediately by another vowel, the antepenultimate syllable is usually made 
 long : as, am-mo'ni-a, ci-ne're-us. 
 
Vlll 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 classical scholars to pronounce the ancient Greek (like the Latin,) 
 according to the quantity of the vowels ; but within a few years 
 some institutions of learning of the highest character, both in 
 Europe and in this country, have adopted the modern Greek 
 accentuation; that is, they pronounce according to the Greek 
 accent, without the slightest reference to quantity. For example, 
 cotpia (“wisdom”), and (bUxpavov (the “elbow”), formerly called 
 so'fe-a and o-le-kra'non, would, according to the new mode, be 
 pronounced so-fee'a and o-lek'ra-non. How far this new system 
 should affect our pronunciation of Latinized terms derived from 
 the Greek may be considered an open question.* 
 
 As already intimated, the accent is the chief, if not the sole, 
 point in Latin pronunciation about which there is no dispute 
 among the learned. It has accordingly come to be regarded as 
 one of the essential tests by which a finished scholar may be 
 known. Our readers need scarcely be reminded that many Latin 
 phrases and sentences have become, so to speak, parts of our own 
 
 * While it must be admitted that all, or nearly all, the best English autho- 
 rities on classical pronunciation recognize no other principle than quantity 
 for the accentuation of this class of words, it may be observed that in Italian 
 and Spanish, — languages much more nearly related to the Latin than ours, — 
 words and names derived from the Greek almost invariably follow the accentua- 
 tion of the original, while those of Latin derivation are as uniformly ac- 
 centuated according to the quantity of their Latin primitives. Not only 
 is the name Sofia (from the Greek ao^ia , whence our Sophi'a) pronounced 
 so-fee / a (though in Greek the penultima is short), and its derivative filosofia 
 (“philosophy”) fe-lo-so-fce'a, but the numerous class of Italian and Spanish 
 words ending in -grafia (Greek -ypafta), and -logia (Greek -Aoym) always 
 have, like the Greek, the accent on the penultima, although this is invariably 
 short in the Greek; as cosmografii'a (cosmography), geografi'a (geography), 
 ortografi'a (orthography), &c. ; and analog^ a (analogy), filologi'a (philology), 
 etc. etc. Insania takes the antepenultimate accent, because the penultima of 
 the Latin (ima'nia) is short; while mania , with the same termination, has the 
 penultimate accent (ma-nee / a), simply because the Greek ( gavia ) is so accented. 
 J The remark made above, that words in Italian and Spanish derived from 
 the Latin follow the Latin quantity, while those from the Greek conform to 
 the Greek accentuation, should of course be limited to such as have not become 
 materially changed or corrupted. It will be seen that in the examples above 
 cited no change has taken place, except substituting f for <p } whicn does not 
 in the slightest degree affect the pronunciation. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IX 
 
 language. He, therefore, who aspires to the character of a correct 
 and polished speaker, cannot, without serious danger to his reputa- 
 tion, neglect this important branch of orthoepy. It is true that a 
 very few words of Latin origin (as Au'ditor , Or’ator , Sen'ator* etc.) 
 have, on becoming Anglicized, without any change in the spelling, 
 lost the original penultimate accent. But the large majority of 
 Anglicized words retain the classical accentuation, as Acu'men , 
 Albu'men , Aro'ma , Cogno' men, Deco 1 rum, Dicta! tor, Farina , Far- 
 ra!go, Horizon, Saliva, Spectator, etc., all of which have resisted 
 the general tendency of our language, which is to throw the 
 accent on the antepenultima in such words: indeed, we not unfre- 
 quently hear uneducated people say, Ar'oma, Cog' nomen, Sal'iva , 
 etc. If, then, Anglicized Latin words, which are in everybody’s 
 mouth, are generally pronounced according to the original accentu- 
 ation, scientific terms ought unquestionably to be always so pro- 
 nounced. This principle is, indeed, fully recognized in the accentu- 
 ations given in the last edition of our Pharmacopoeia, in which, we 
 believe, not a single instance occurs of a Latin name that does not 
 conform to the classical pronunciation ; although, if English analogy 
 were allowed to have any influence, we should scarcely pronounce 
 Conium, Matico, etc., with the accent on the penultima. 
 
 Of such Latin words as were used by the ancients, there is 
 generally no difficulty in determining the accentuation. But the 
 case is different with respect to Latin terms (consisting chiefly of 
 botanical and other scientific names) of modern origin. Among 
 these there are a number of which the etymology is obscure or 
 uncertain, and the accentuation is, in consequence, more or less 
 doubtful. In such cases, the editor has not only sought to avail 
 himself of the light which general analogy might shed upon the 
 point in question, but he has carefully consulted all the best works 
 accessible to him, relating to such subjects. Among these he 
 would express his particular obligations to Gray’s “ Manual of 
 Botany,” Mayne’s “Expository Lexicon,” Wittstein’s “Etymo- 
 logisch-Botanisches Worterbuch,” and, above all, to Dunglison’s 
 “Medical Dictionary,” which in relation to these difficult questions 
 
 *Anemo'ne, when used as an English word, is always pronounced anem'one. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 X 
 
 exhibits a degree of accuracy, as well as judgment, unsurpassed, if 
 not unequalled, among scientific works of reference. 
 
 Those who take a particular interest in such subjects are re- 
 ferred to the “Table of Disputed Pronunciations” (see Appendix, 
 pp. 698-9), containing a list of the most important terms occurring 
 in medical works, respecting the accentuation of which there is a 
 difference among the best orthoepical authorities.* 
 
 Respecting the plan of the Dictionary, it may be observed that 
 immediately after the term itself, if this be English, is inserted 
 the Latin synonym, then the etymology, both being enclosed in 
 brackets. If the term be Latin, it is immediately followed by the 
 etymology, enclosed in brackets. (Compare Ablactation , Apoplexy , 
 Artery ; also, Abdomen , Ablepsia , etc.) The French synonyms of 
 important medical terms are also given, excepting such as are 
 essentially the same as the English or Latin : for example, Ablacta- 
 tion (“ablactation”), Bandage (a “bandage”), Uterus (the “ute- 
 rus 7 '), etc.; or such as differ only very slightly, as Apoplexie 
 (“ apoplexy”), Artdre (“ artery”), Hepatite (“ hepatitis”), OEsophage 
 (“ oesophagus”), etc. As these would, for the most part, be readily 
 understood without a dictionary, they have generally been omitted. 
 By adopting this plan, the attention of the student is particularly 
 directed to those French terms which it is most important for him 
 to acquire ; that is, to such as are essentially different from the 
 Latin or English, and therefore not likely to be understood unless 
 explained. Of this class of words the following examples may 
 be given: — Coeur (“heart”), Clou (“clove”), Cou (“neck”), Main 
 (“hand”), CEil (“eye”), Poumons (“lungs”), Toux (“ cough”), etc. 
 
 A considerable portion of the Appendix is occupied with the 
 
 * In speaking of “authorities” in regard to questions of this kind, we do 
 not, of course, allude to those persons, however illustrious, who are merely 
 distinguished for their scientific attainments or for their general learning, but 
 to such only as have paid particular attention to the subject of orthoepy. It is 
 not to be denied that some, who are justly regarded as ornaments of science, 
 either from never having given any attention to such subjects, or from mere 
 carelessness, are most untrustworthy guides in all that relates to correctness of 
 language, whether written or spoken. They seem to forget that thoughts are 
 like jewels: the greater their value, the more important it is that they should 
 be well set, that their beauty may be exhibited to the best advantage. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 XI 
 
 “ Table of Materia Medica,” containing the names of all, or nearly 
 all, the medicinal articles of any importance, arranged according 
 to their medical properties. Such a classification, it is believed, 
 will be found extremely useful, at least to those who have not had 
 time or opportunity to make themselves thoroughly acquainted 
 with the vast resources of our Materia Medica. 
 
 Besides the articles already mentioned, included in the Ap- 
 pendix, it contains a tolerably complete Table of Doses, prepared 
 with great care. It also contains a synopsis of the respective 
 Nosologies of Cullen and Good. Although at the present time 
 neither of these systems is generally followed, both have exerted 
 great influence upon medical nomenclature, and may, therefore, 
 justly claim some notice at our hands. It was believed that in no 
 other way could an idea be given of them so clearly and so briefly 
 as by means of synoptical tables. 
 
 Among the multitude of works which the editor has had occa- 
 sion to consult in the preparation of this Dictionary, justice re- 
 quires that he should express his great obligations to a few to 
 which he is especially indebted. His acknowledgments are pre- 
 eminently due to Mayne’s “Expository Lexicon” (London, 1860); 
 a Dictionary of Medicine, original in its plan, and evincing in its 
 execution much diligence, learning, and research. He would also 
 express his important obligations to Gray’s “ Structural and Syste- 
 matic Botany,” and “Manual of Botany,” to which he has gene- 
 rally had recourse as his chief authorities on all questions relating 
 to botanical science. To Hoblyn’s “Medical Dictionary” he is 
 indebted for the matter of a number of articles, particularly those 
 relating to chemistry. The notices of the natural orders of plants 
 and animals have mostly been taken from that justly popular 
 work, Brande’s “Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature, and Art.’’ 
 
 Nor can he omit to mention his great and important obligations 
 to Wood and Bache’s “United States Dispensatory,” a work 
 which justly ranks among the first of its kind that have ever 
 been published in this or any other country. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE SIGNS, ABBREVIATIONS, 
 ETC. USED IN THE PRESENT WORK. 
 
 a, e, i, o, u, y, are long, as in fate , mete, pine, note, tube, fly. 
 a, e, l, o, u, y , are short, as in fat, met, pin, not, tub, mystic, 
 h, &, and 6, are like a, e, and o, except that the sound is less prolonged, 
 a, e, are obscure, as in the final syllables of America, writer, etc. 
 g = y hard. 
 
 y is to be sounded like s or ss ; G and g like jr'/ s has the sound of z . 
 
 •crh is to be sounded like k ; but ch without any mark should be pronounced as in 
 chill or child. 
 
 N, m, and n° are used to represent the French nasal sound, somewhat resembling 
 that of ng in long, r (small capital) implies that the r should be trilled: ii denotes 
 the sound of the French u; u, that of the French eu, similar to the sound of u in 
 the English word fur. 
 
 An asterisk (*) affixed to a word or phrase denotes that it is either Latin or Latin- 
 ized Greek, etc. 
 
 = signifies “ equivalent to.” Thus, Cath. = Catharticus implies that Cath. is 
 equivalent to, or stands for, Catharticus (“ Cathartic”). 
 
 || placed after the phrase “ Pharmacopoeial name” denotes that the name belongs 
 alike to the British and United States Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 An acute accent denotes a primary, a grave a secondary, accent. 
 
 J^As a general rule, no marks have been placed on the vowels in cases where 
 these would naturally be pronounced correctly without any mark. 
 
 When a reference is made to some other part of the Dictionary, the word 
 referred to is put in small capitals: hence, if small capitals are used, a reference is 
 always implied. See Hxmatiasis, Hsematopoiesis , etc. in the Dictionary. 
 
 Abl ablative. 
 
 Acc accusative. 
 
 Br. or Brit British. 
 
 Dat dative. 
 
 Dub Dublin. 
 
 Ed Edinburgh. 
 
 e.g. ( exem'pli yra'tid) for example. 
 F. or fem feuiiuiue. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Fr French. 
 
 Geu genitive. 
 
 Ger German. 
 
 Gr. Greek. 
 
 i.e. (id est) that is. 
 
 Lat Latin. 
 
 Loud London. 
 
 M. or masc masculine. 
 
 N. or neut neuter. 
 
 Norn nominative. 
 
 Ph. or Pharm Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 PI plural. 
 
 Pron pronunciation. 
 
 Sp Spauish. 
 
 U.S United States. 
 
 Voc Vocative. 
 
 To render these explanations complete, a table of the Greek alphabet is subjoined. 
 
 r 
 
 Letter. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Power. 
 
 Letter. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Power. 
 
 Letter. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Power. 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 
 Alpha 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 l 
 
 Iota 
 
 i 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 ltho 
 
 r 
 
 B 
 
 P 6 
 
 Beta 
 
 b 
 
 K 
 
 K 
 
 Kappa 
 
 k 
 
 2 
 
 <r s 
 
 Sigma 
 
 s 
 
 r 
 
 y 
 
 Gamma 
 
 g hard 
 
 A 
 
 X 
 
 Lambda 
 
 1 
 
 T 
 
 T 
 
 Tau 
 
 t 
 
 A 
 
 6 
 
 Delta 
 
 d 
 
 M 
 
 
 Mu 
 
 m 
 
 Y 
 
 V 
 
 Upsllon 
 
 u or y 
 
 E 
 
 € 
 
 Epsilon 
 
 e short 
 
 N 
 
 V 
 
 Nu 
 
 n 
 
 <!> 
 
 * 
 
 Phi 
 
 ph 
 
 Z 
 
 £ 
 
 Zeta 
 
 z 
 
 s 
 
 £ 
 
 Xi 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 Chi 
 
 ch hard 
 
 H 
 
 T) 
 
 Eta 
 
 e long 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 Omicron 
 
 o short 
 
 * 
 
 
 Psi 
 
 ps 
 
 0 
 
 § 9 
 
 Theta 
 
 th 
 
 II 
 
 7 r 
 
 » 
 
 P 
 
 G 
 
 (O 
 
 Om&ga 
 
 0 long 
 
 Remarks. — r followed immediately by another y, by k, or by x, sounds like n: hence, ay- 
 ycTov, a -‘vessel,” should be rendered by angeion or angion, if Roman letters are used; ayKvXos 
 (‘- bent”), by ankylns or ancylos ; uyx (to “ choke”), by ancho, etc. T, though usually considered 
 to be equivalent to u, is almost invariably rendered by y, in Latin. See dyxvXog, above given. 
 K is usually replaced in Latin by c, as Kvvdpa or Ktvapa, cynara or cinara (a kind of “artichoke”). 
 As in Latin words of Greek derivation y is sounded like i, and not like u, so c should in 
 such words be pronounced with its proper Latin sound, — always like s before e , i. and y. 
 
 At (in Greek) when changed into Latin, becomes se ; and ot, oe; as aid toil/, sethiops , 
 oiSr/pa, oedema , etc. 
 
 II is represented in Greek by ', called the “rough breathing” ( spir'itus as'per), as in 
 vni, under,” alpa , “blood,” etc. All Greek words beginning with a vowel have either the 
 rough or smooth breathing (spir'itus le'nis). Compare aid tot//, “black,” atria, “cause,” etc. 
 The smooth breathing indicates simply the natural sound of the vowel, 
 xii 
 
PRONOUNCING 
 
 MEDICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 A 
 
 A, or an before a word beginning with 
 a vowel or with h. [a or av .] A prefix 
 in compound words of Greek derivation, 
 having a negative or privative force : as, 
 tonic , “possessing or imparting tone ;” 
 a-tonic , “ without tone ;” a-cephafovs, 
 “without a head;” an -aesthetic, “with- 
 out perception;” an-hydrous, “without 
 water.” 
 
 A is also a French preposition, signi- 
 fying “to” or “at,” and forming a part 
 of certain surgical and medical phrases, 
 as d deux temps, ft duh to^°. “At two 
 times.” Applied to the operation of 
 lithotomy, in which the calculus, from 
 cert ain causes, cannot be immediately 
 extracted, and is therefore let alone till 
 during the suppurating stage, when ex- 
 traction may be more easily effected. 
 
 AA. A contraction of the Greek 
 word ana (di/a), signifying, literally, 
 “ up through” or “ throughout ;” some- 
 times equivalent to “of each.” Writ- 
 ten in prescriptions after the names of 
 several different medicines, to denote an 
 equal quantity of each. 
 
 AAA. Abbreviation for Amalgam. 
 
 Ab. A Latin particle signifying 
 “ from.” “ off,” “ away.” 
 
 Ab-ac'tus Vesi'ter,* or Veai'ter 
 Abac' til s.* [From ab, “from,” and 
 a' go, ac'twn , to “ drive,” to “ force.”] 
 Literally, a “ belly expelled” or emptied 
 by forcible means. A term in Medical Ju- 
 risprudence for abortion induced by art. 
 
 Ab'a-cus.* [From a/?a£, ajJcucog, a 
 mathematical table on which lines and 
 figures were drawn.] An old name for a 
 table used for medicinal preparations. 
 
 ABD 
 
 Abaliciiatioii, ab-al-yen -a/shun. 
 [Abalicna'tio, o'nis; from ab, “from,” 
 and alie’no , aliena'tum, to “estrange.”] 
 Formerly used for decay of the whole or 
 part of the body; also, loss or failing of 
 the senses or of the mental faculties. 
 
 Abaiaga, ab-ang'ga. The name of the 
 fruit of a palm-tree growing in the island 
 of St. Thomas (West Indies). The seeds 
 are considered very useful in diseases of 
 the chest. 
 
 Ab-ar-tic-u-la/tion. [Abartaciila'- 
 tao, o'nis; from ab, “from,” and articu- 
 la'tio, “articulation.”] A kind of ar- 
 ticulation admitting of free motion. See 
 Diarthrosis. 
 
 Ab-bre' vi-at-ed. [Abbrevia'tus ; 
 
 from abbre'vro, abbrevia'tum, to “short- 
 en.”] Shortened, as when the cup is 
 shorter than the tube of the flower. 
 
 Ab»bre-G*a'tion. [Abbrevia'tio, 
 o'nis ; from the same.] A part of a word 
 shortened by cutting off one or more of 
 its latter syllables. Applied to many 
 initial and medial letters, and contrac- 
 tions, of medical terms, which will be 
 found in their alphabetical order. 
 
 Abces. See Abscess. 
 
 Abdom. Abbreviation for Abdo'men. 
 
 Ab-doinen,- gen. Ab-dom'l-nis. 
 [From ab'do, ab’dere, to “hide.”] The 
 largest cavity of the body ; the belly. 
 The same region in the lower animals. 
 See Alvus, Imus Venter, Venter. 
 
 Ab-dom'i-nal. [Abdomina'lis ; 
 
 from abdo'men.] Belonging to the abdo- 
 men ; ventral. 
 
 Abdominal Aor'ta. That portion of 
 the aorta situated below the diaphragm. 
 
 9 
 
ABD 
 
 ABL 
 
 AbcBom'inal Ap»oia-ew-ro'sis. The 
 
 conjoined tendons of the oblique and 
 transverse muscles on the anterior por- 
 tion of the abdomen. See Aponeu- 
 rosis. 
 
 Abdom'inal Crang-'Isa (gang'gle-a). 
 The semilunar ganglia, so named from 
 their situation. 
 
 Abdoin'inalEing'. [An'milus Ab- 
 dominis.] The fancied ring-like open- 
 ing on each side of the abdomen, ex- 
 ternal and superior to th q pubes. Through 
 it, in males, passes the spermatic cord. 
 It is also called the In'guinal Ring. 
 
 Ab-doan-i-naiis.* [From abdo' - 
 men.] Pertaining to the abdomen ; 
 abdominal; ventral. In the plural (Ab- 
 domina'les) it forms the name of an 
 order of fishes having the ventral fins 
 under the abdomen and behind the pec- 
 torals. 
 
 Ab-doau-i-iios'oo-py. [Abdomino- 
 
 seo'pia; from abdo' men, and axonecx), to 
 “ observe.”] The examination of the 
 abdomen by percussion, inspection, mea- 
 surement, or manual examination. 
 
 Ab-dii'cent. [Abdu'ceiis; from ab, 
 “from,” and du'co, due' turn, to “lead,” to 
 “draw.”] Applied to muscles by which 
 the members or limbs are drawn from 
 the mesial line (or axis of the body) ; 
 also to the sixth pair of nerves. 
 
 Ab-duc'tioii. [Abduc'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] That movement by which 
 one part is moved from another, or from 
 the axis of the body. 
 
 Ab-duc'tor, o'r is* [From the same.] 
 Applied to a muscle which performs, or 
 assists in performing, abduction. 
 
 Abelnioschus,* §,-bel-mos'kus. [From 
 the Arab, ab-el-mushk ; literally, the 
 “ father of musk.”] Musk-seed ; the 
 specific name of the Hibiscus abelmos- 
 chns. The seeds of this plant, called 
 < jrana moscliatn (“musk-seeds”), are 
 employed in the East in forming the 
 Pondre de Civ/pre, or Cyprus powder , 
 used for flavoring coffee. 
 
 Ab-ep-I-tSiym'I-a.*[From a&,“from,” 
 “off,” and imO <ixla, “desire.”] A faulty 
 term (partly Latin and partly Greek) for 
 paralysis of the solar plexus, cutting off 
 communication between the nervous 
 system and abdominal viscera, the 
 supposed seat of the appetites and de- 
 sires. 
 
 Ab-er-ra'iion. [Aberra'tio, o 'nit; 
 from ab, “from,” and er'ro , erra'tum, to 
 “wander.”] Applied to a disordered 
 state of the intellect. Applied also to 
 the rays of light when refracted by a 
 ‘lO 
 
 lens, or reflected by a mirror, so that 
 they do not converge into a focus. 
 
 Ab-e-vac-u-a'tion. [Abevacua'tio, 
 
 o 'nis; from ab, “from,” and ecae'uo, 
 evacua'tum, to “ empty out,” to “empty.”] 
 A medical term usually applied to a par- 
 tial or incomplete evacuation, but by some 
 writers employed to denote an immode- 
 rate evacuation. 
 
 A'bi-es,* gen. A-bi'e-tis. [Supposed 
 to be from ab, “from,” and e'o, to “go,” 
 on account of the great height which 
 it goes or extends from the earth.] The 
 specific name of the Piuus Abies, or fir- 
 tree. See Pints. 
 
 A'bies Excel'sa.* One of the plants 
 from which the Thus, or frankincense, is 
 obtained. 
 
 A'bies Ea'rix.* The tree which 
 affords Venice turpentine. 
 
 Ab-i-et'ic. [Abiet'ieus; frtm a'bies .] 
 Belonging to the fir-tree. 
 
 Abietiin, or Abietine, a-bi'e-tin. 
 [Abieti'na; from a'bies.] A resinous 
 substance, also called the resin Gumma, 
 or third in order, obtained from Stras- 
 bourg turpentine. 
 
 Abi'etis Res-i'na.* The resin of the 
 fir-tree; the Thus, or common frankin- 
 cense; spontaneously exuded by the 
 Pin us Abies. See Frankincense. 
 
 Abietite, a-bi'e-tit. [Abieti'tes ? 
 from abies, and \i6o;, a “stone.”] A 
 genus of fossil coniferous plants in the 
 Wealden and Greensand formations. 
 
 Ab-ir-ri-fa'tion. [Abirrifa'tio, 
 o 'nis; from ab, “from” or “away,” and 
 irri'to, irrita'tum , to “ irritate ;” denoting 
 the passing “away” or absence of irrita- 
 tion or of vital irritability.] Diminished 
 irritability in the various tissues, and so 
 slightly distinct from Asthenia. 
 
 Ab-Bac-ta'tion. [Ablaeta'tio, ©'ms; 
 from ab, “ from,” “ away,” and lac, lac r - 
 ti.8, “ milk.” See Lactation.] The wean- 
 ing of a child. Some writers make a dis- 
 tinction between ablactation and weaning. 
 By the former they mean the termina- 
 tion of the period of suckling as regards 
 the mother; by the latter, the same 
 period with reference to the child. 
 
 Ab-la'tion. [Abla'tio, o’m's; from 
 au'fero, abla'tum (from ab, “from,” 
 “away,” and fe'ro, la'tum, to “carry,” or 
 “take”), to “take away.”] The re- 
 moving of any part by excision, extir- 
 pation. or amputation. 
 
 A-blep'sI-aiu* [From a, priv., and 
 to “see.”] Want of sight; blind- 
 ness : ablep'sy. 
 
 Ab'Iu-ent. [Ab'luens; from ab, 
 
ABL 
 
 ABS 
 
 “from” or “ away/' anil lu'o, latum, to 
 “ wash.”] That which washes away or 
 carries off imparities. See Abster- 
 gent. 
 
 Ab-lutioii. [Ablu'tio, o'mm; from 
 the same.] The separation of extraneous 
 matters by washing. Anciently an in- 
 ternal washing by administering profuse 
 libations of milk-whey. 
 
 Ab-aior'inal. [Abaaor'mis; from ab, 
 “from.” and no/ma, a “rule;” denoting 
 a departure from the “ rule,” course, or 
 custom of nature.] Contrary to the na- 
 tural condition ; unnatural. 
 
 Ab-o-ma'sum,* or Ab-o-ina'sias.'* 
 [From ab, “from,” and oma'sum , the 
 “ paunch.”] The fourth stomach of the 
 JRuminantia. From this part of calves, 
 lambs, etc., rennet is prepared. 
 
 Aborlj/jeaiis,* ab-o-rij'e nis. [More 
 frequently used in the plural (Aborigi- 
 nes, ab-o-rij'e-nez) ; from ab, “from,” 
 and ori'yo, the “ beginning.”] Native or 
 original of a country : aboriginal. 
 
 Ab-or'sus,* [From abo'rior, abor’tus , 
 to “miscarry.”] A miscarriage in the 
 first or early months. More properly 
 Abortus, or Abortion, which see. 
 
 Ab-or'ti-cide. [Aborticul'ium ; 
 from ubor'tus, and coe'do, to “kill.”] The 
 destroying of the foetus in utero. See 
 F(Erroii>E. 
 
 Ab-or'tient. [Abor'tieais ; from 
 abo'rior.] Miscarrying. Applied synony- 
 mously with Sterilis. See Sterile. 
 
 Ab-or'tioai. [Abortio, o 'nis ; from 
 abo'rior, abor'tus, to “miscarry.”] The 
 morbid expulsion of an immature foetus ; 
 a miscarriage. In Botany, imperfect de- 
 velopment. 
 
 Abor'iion, Criminal. Foeticide. 
 
 Ab-or'tive. [ Aborti'vus ; from the 
 same.] Causing abortion. Sometimes 
 applied to treatment adopted for pre- 
 venting further or complete development 
 of disease. 
 
 Abortus.* [From the same.] See 
 Abortion. 
 
 Abrachia,* ab-ra-kl'a. [From a, priv., 
 and /3pa\icx)u, the “arm.”] A sort of mon- 
 strosity, consisting in the absence of 
 arms. 
 
 Abrancltia,*a-brank'e-a. [From a, 
 priv., and (ipayx-a, the “gills” or “respi- 
 ratory organs.”] Literally, having no 
 organs of respiration. A name given by 
 Cuvier to an order of Anellidse having 
 no external organs of respiration. 
 
 Abraucliiata. See Abranchia. 
 
 A-bra'sioai. [Abra'sio, o' nis; from 
 ab, “ from” or “ off,” and ra do, ra'sum , 
 
 to “scrape.”] A term for the partial 
 tearing off or fretting of the sain. 
 
 Abrotanuni. See Abrotonum. 
 
 Abrotonuin. See Artemisia. 
 
 Ab-i'ot'o-aiuaii Mas.* Another name 
 for Artemisia Abrotonum, which see. 
 
 Ab-rupt'. [Abrupt us; from ab, 
 “from,” “off,” and ruiu'po, rup'tum, to 
 “break.”] Applied to leaves and roots 
 that seem broken off at their extremity. 
 
 Abrus JPre-ca-to'ri-us.* [From h(3p6$, 
 “delicate,” “elegant,” and preca'lor, “one 
 who prays,” alluding to its use for ro- 
 saries.] Called also Wild Liquorice, Li- 
 quorice Bush, Red Bean, and other 
 names. A small shrub growing in the 
 West Indies, Central America, and also 
 in Egypt, having beautiful scarlet seeds, 
 which are employed for rosaries, neck- 
 laces, etc. The roots and leaves contain 
 mucilage, and are sometimes used as 
 demulcents. 
 
 Abs. A Latin particle, having the 
 same force as Ab, which sec. 
 
 Ab'scess. [ Absces'saas ; from abs, 
 “from,” and ce’do, ces'sum, to “go;” be- 
 cause the matter “goes from” or sepa- 
 rates itself from the rest of the body.] 
 (Fr. Abces, &b's&\) A tumor or swelling 
 (usually large and deep) containing pus. 
 
 Abscissa, Vox. See Vox Abscissa. 
 
 Ab-scis'sion. [Abseis'sSo, o' nis; 
 from ab, “from,” “away,” and sain do, 
 8cis'sum, to “ cut.”] Applied to a frac- 
 tured bone when a part of it is cut off 
 and removed, or to the cutting off of any 
 soft part, as of a nerve, or the prepuce, etc. 
 
 Abscoaisio* (ab-skon'she-o), o' nis. 
 [From abs, “away,” and condo, to 
 “hide.”] A term formerly denoting the 
 same as Sinus: an abscon'sion. 
 
 Abs. febr. = Absen’te fe'bre.% “ Fever 
 being absent,” or, in the absence of fever. 
 
 Ab-siBi'thate. [Absizi'thas, a 'tis.] 
 A combination of absinthic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Ab-saaa'tBcac. [Absui'tfiicus: from 
 absinthium.] Belonging to Absinthium ; 
 applied to an acid obtained from it. 
 
 Ab-siaitbiai. [Absiaitlai'aia.] The 
 
 bitter principle discovered in Absinthium. 
 
 Ab-sin'tSia-aiaii.* [Gr. dipirOior.] The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. and Ed. 
 Ph.) for Wormwood, the Artemisia ab- 
 sinthium, and (U.S. Ph.) for its tops and 
 leaves. See Artemista. 
 
 Absiii tbiaiau Com-niu'iie.'* An- 
 other name for the Artemisia absinthium, 
 or Wormwood. 
 
 Absiai'f ilium Ma-rit'i-aiuiiai.* An- 
 other name for Artemisia maritima. 
 
 11 
 
ABS 
 
 ACA 
 
 Absiii'ttiiuin Ab- 
 
 sin tSiicim Ro*ma iiiim. i; Other names 
 for Artemisia Pontica, which see. 
 
 Absin'ttiium Sail- ton i-cum.* An- 
 other name for Artemisia santonica. 
 
 Absin thium Vul-ga're.* Another 
 
 name for Artemisia absinthium. 
 
 Ab'so-lute Al'co-bol. Alcohol as 
 free from water as it can be obtained. 
 See Alcohol. 
 
 Ab-sor'bent. [Absor'bens; from 
 
 ab, “from,” and sor'beo, sorp'tum, to “ sip 
 or suck.”] Sucking up or absorbing. 
 Applied to the lacteal and lymphatic 
 vessels, and to the origins of vessels on 
 the roots of plants. Applied to medicines 
 which neutralize acidity in the stomach 
 and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc. 
 
 Absoi*'bent Sys'tem. A term used 
 to denote collectively the vessels and 
 glands which perform the function of 
 absorption. 
 
 Ab-sorp'tion. [Absorp'tio, o’nis ; 
 from the same.] The sucking up of 
 substances applied to the mouths of ab- 
 sorbent vessels. In Chemistry, the suck- 
 ing up or imbibition of a gas or vapor 
 by a liquid or solid. 
 
 Absorption, Cutaneous. See Cu- 
 taneous Absorption. 
 
 Absorption, Interstitial. See 
 Interstitial Absorption. 
 
 Ab-ste ini-ous. [AbsteTnius ; from 
 abs, “from,” and feme turn, an old Latin 
 word for “wine:” others derive it from 
 abs, “from,” and teneo, to “hold” or 
 “ keep,” n being changed to r».] Strictly, 
 abstaining from wine ; but generally ap- 
 plied also to moderation in diet. 
 
 Ab-ster'gent. [Abster'gens^n'/i's ; 
 from ulster' geo, ulster sum, to “ cleanse.”] 
 Cleansing; abluent; abstersive. Applied 
 to medicines which cleanse from foulness 
 or sordes. 
 
 Absti-neiice. [Abstinen'tia ; from 
 
 abs, “from,” and teneo , to “hold” or 
 “keep;” to “abstain.”] The refraining 
 from, or sparing use of, food, liquors, 
 etc. 
 
 Abs-trac'tion. [Abstrae'tio, o'nis ; 
 
 from abs , “from,” “away,” and traho, 
 true turn , to “draw.”] The separating 
 of a fluid from a salt, etc. That mental 
 power by which one particular idea may 
 be dwelt upon to the exclusion of others; 
 also, that by which general ideas may 
 be formed from those of particular ob- 
 jects. Applied also to the drawing of 
 blood from a blood-vessel. 
 
 Ab'sus.* A species of Cassia, the 
 seeds of which, being powdered and 
 12 
 
 mixed with sugar, are used in Egypt as 
 an application to the eyes in ophthalmia. 
 
 A-buta.* Another name for the Pa- 
 reira Brava, which see. 
 
 A-bu til-on.* Called also the Indian 
 or yellow mallow. It is mucilaginous, 
 and sometimes used for diarrhoea in 
 cattle. 
 
 Abvacuataon. See Abevacuation. 
 
 Acacia,* a-ka'she-a; gen. Acacia*, 
 a-ka'she-e. [From dd, a “ sharp point;” 
 the name having been given on account 
 of the prickles or thorns with which the 
 tree abounds.] A genus of the Linnaean 
 class Polygamia , natural order Legumi- 
 nosse . Also, the Pharmacopoeial name || 
 for gum-arabic. 
 
 Aca'cia Al'tera Trifolia'ta. See 
 
 Spartium Spinosum. 
 
 Acacia Arabica. See Acacia Vera. 
 
 Aca'cise A-s ab'i^ar Gum mi.* The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Dub. Ph.) of gum- 
 arabic, obtained from Acacia vera, and 
 other species of Acacia. 
 
 Aca'cia tat'e-chu.* The systematic 
 name of the plant which affords catechu. 
 
 Aca'cia In'tlica.* See Tamarinlus 
 Indica. 
 
 Aca'cia Vera.* [From ve'rits, “true.”] 
 The “ true acacia.” The Egyptian thorn, 
 or gum-arabic tree ; called also Acacia 
 Arabica. Also, the expressed juice of 
 the unripe pods of the Acacia veiarel. 
 
 Aca'cia Ver'a-vel.* A species afford- 
 ing the juice called Acacia vera. 
 
 Aca'cia Zey-Ion'i-ca.* A name for 
 UfC'mato.rylon Camped ianum. 
 
 Acajou, &'k&'zhoo'. The Anacar- 
 dium Occidentale, which see. 
 
 Ac-a-le'phe.* [Gr. a*aA»</»>7.] The 
 nettle. See Urtica. 
 
 Ae-a-le pirns.* [From the same.] Be- 
 longing to a nettle. In the neuter plural 
 ( Acale'pha ) applied to a class of the 
 Jiadiata, from the stinging pain felt on 
 touching them. 
 
 A-cal y.£ine. [Acalyci'itus, A- 
 
 cal'ycis; from a, priv., and ca'lyx.] 
 Having no calyx. 
 
 A-camp'sI-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 Ka [ iTTT ( x) y to “bend.”] An inflexible state 
 of a joint. See Ankylosis. 
 
 A-can'tlia.* [Gr. usaiOa; from dicri, a 
 “sharp point.”] Applied formerly to the 
 spine of the back, or rather of a vertebra , 
 by the regular arrangement of the scries 
 of which the former is constituted. A 
 thorn, spine, or prickle. 
 
 Acanthacese,* ak-an-tha'she-e. The 
 name of a natural order of plants re- 
 sembling the Acanthus . 
 
ACA 
 
 ACC 
 
 A-can'thi,* the plural of Acan'thits, 
 forming the Jussieuan name of a natu- 
 ral order, now Acanthaceas, which see. 
 
 A-c;ui'thiue. [Aeantliinus ; from 
 ixxavSa , a “thorn.”] Belonging to a 
 thorn ; thorny, prickly. 
 
 A-can'tfiii-um.* [From the same.] 
 The specific or trivial name for the 
 On opo/d i um A ca n th i inn. 
 
 A-can-tlBO-^efidi/a-lous. [Acan- 
 tliocepli'alus ; from ukcuOol, and xstpaXrj, 
 the “ head.”] Having a spiny head. The 
 Latin term in the neuter plural ( Acan - 
 thoceph'ala) is applied to a family of the 
 Entozo'a ])arcnchym'ata. 
 
 Acantili©'de.s. See Acanthoid. 
 
 A-can'fSioad. [AcantSfioi'dcs; from 
 iixavda, a “thorn,” and eido$, a “form.”] 
 Having the form of a thorn or spine ; 
 resembling a spine. 
 
 AcantSaogdBorous, ak-an-thofo-rus. 
 [Acanthoma "ortas; from axavOa, a 
 “ thorn,” and <pipio, to “ bear.”] Beset 
 with spines or coarse hairs. 
 
 A-can-tho-pocU-ous. [Acantlio- 
 po'dius; from iixavQa, and 7rov,-, a “foot.”] 
 Having spinous petioles. 
 
 A-caai-tSiop-ie-ryg/i-i.* [From lixav- 
 9a, a “thorn,” and irrepiyioj, a “little 
 wing,” a “ fin.”] The name of an order 
 of fishes having spiny fins. 
 
 A-cau'tlm-Ius.* [From axav9a, a 
 “thorn.”] An instrument for extracting 
 thorns, or spicitlse of wood, bone, etc., 
 from wounds. 
 
 A-cau'tliiis.* [From axav9a, a 
 “thorn.”] Bear’s breech. A genus of 
 the Linnsean class Eidynamia , natural 
 order Acanthaceee. 
 
 Acanthus Moltis.* The systematic 
 name of Bear’s breech. 
 
 A-ear'di-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 xapdia, the “heart.”] The condition of a 
 monster-foetus, born without a heart, or, 
 rather, deficient as to the whole tho- 
 rax. 
 
 Acardiolisemsa, 5 a-kar-fle-o-he'- 
 me-a. [From a , priv., xapSia, the “heart,” 
 and alua, “ blood.”] A deficiency of blood 
 in the heart. 
 
 A-car-dl-o-ner'vi-a.* [From a, 
 priv., xapdia, the “heart,” and ner'vus , a 
 “nerve.”] A deficiency of nervous action 
 in the heart, evinced by the sounds 
 being inaudible. 
 
 A-car«di-o-tfl’©'g>M-a.* [From a, 
 priv., xapdia, and rpoprty “nourishment.”] 
 Atrophy of the heart. 
 
 Ac-a-ro-i'des.* [From ac'arus, and 
 cidos, a “ form.”] Resembling the Acarus : 
 ac’aroid. 
 
 9 
 
 A-car'pous. [Acar'pus; from a, 
 priv., and xapno$, “fruit.”] Having no 
 fruit. 
 
 Ac'a-rus.* [From axaptjg , that which 
 cannot be cut on account of its small- 
 ness; from a, priv., and xsipoj, to “cut.”] A 
 genus of minute insects infesting the skin. 
 
 Ac'arus Au-ttnn-na'lis.* The har- 
 vest-bug; the wheal-worm. 
 
 Ac'arus I>©-niesti-cus.* The do-' 
 mestic tick, found on the human body. 
 
 Ac'arus Ri^'I-nus.** The dog-tick. 
 
 Ac'arus Sac'clia-ri.* (“ Acarus of 
 Sugar.”) An animalcule found in sugar, 
 causing “ grocer’s itch.” 
 
 Ac'arus Sca-bl-e'i.** (“Acarus of 
 Itch.”) The itch animalcule. 
 
 A-cat'a-lep-sy. [ Acatalep'sia ; 
 from a , priv., and xaraXapHaro), to “ appre- 
 hend.”] Uncertainty in diagnosis, etc. 
 
 A-cat-ap'o-sis.* [From a, priv., and 
 xaranLi/cj, to “ swallow.”] Difficulty in 
 swallowing. See Dysphagia. 
 
 A-cau'lis.* [From a, priv., and can'lis, 
 a “stem.”] Having no stem : acau'line. 
 
 Ac-^el-e-ra'tiou. Increased rapidity 
 of the pulse, respiration, etc. 
 
 Ac-^el-e-rator, o'r /«.* [From ac- 
 cel'ero, accelera'tum , to “hasten/’] Ap- 
 plied to a muscle of the penis (Accele- 
 rator uri'nse) whose action propels the 
 urine ; also named Ejacula' tor sent' inis, 
 from a similar office as to the semen. 
 
 Ac-^es'sfon. [Acces'sio, o 'nis; 
 from acce'do, acces'sum, to “go to,” to 
 “approach,” to “be added to.”] The 
 approach, or onset, of diseases, or 
 of tits, paroxysms or exacerbations in 
 fevers, etc. 
 
 Aecessorii Willisii,* ak-ses-so're-i 
 wil-lis'e-i. The “accessory nerves of 
 Willis,” so named from the discoverer. 
 The superior respiratory nerves, a pair 
 arising from the spinal cord and joining 
 the par vagum. 
 
 Ac-^es'so-s*^. [Accesso'rius; from 
 the same.] Usually applied to muscular 
 appendages that assist the action of 
 larger muscles. 
 
 Ac'si-destt. [Ac'cadens: from ac'- 
 cido , to “happen.”] A familiar word 
 used by the French as synonymous with 
 symptom. See Accidentia. 
 
 Ac-^a-den'tal. [ Accidentatis ; from 
 the same.] Adventitious; happening 
 unexpectedly. Applied by French and 
 some English writers to textures result- 
 ing from morbid action. 
 
 Accidental Cot'ors. A series of 
 optical phenomena, so named by Buffon, 
 and now known by the name of Ocular 
 13 
 
ACC 
 
 ACE 
 
 Spectra. If the eye be steadily directed 
 for some time to a white wafer upon a 
 dark ground, and be then turned aside, 
 a well-defined image of the wafer will be 
 perceived, with the colors reversed: the 
 wafer will appear dark, the ground 
 white. This new appearance is termed 
 the accidental color, or ocular spectrum. 
 By using differently colored wafers we 
 obtain the following results : — 
 
 Color of wafer. Color of spectra. 
 
 Black ..White. 
 
 Red Bluish-green. 
 
 Orange Blue. 
 
 Yellow Indigo. 
 
 n f Violet with a 
 
 Grcen 1 little red. 
 
 Blue Orange-red. 
 
 Indigo Orange-yellow. 
 
 Violet Bluish-green. 
 
 Darwin classes the Spectra under the 
 two heads of direct and reverse ; the 
 former depending on the permanence of 
 the impression, the latter upon exhaus- 
 tion. 
 
 Accidentia,- ak-se-den'she-a. [From 
 ac'cido, to “happen,” ac'cidens, “hap- 
 pening,” “that which happens.”] A 
 chance or occurrence happening to one 
 unexpectedly: an ac'cident. 
 
 Ac-$ip'I-ter.* [From accip'io, to 
 “ take.”] A bird of prey. In the plural 
 ( Accipitres , ak-sip'e-trez) applied to an 
 order of birds, including the hawk, 
 eagle, etc., called also Rapa'ces, and 
 Rapto'res, from their rapacious or pre- 
 datory character. 
 
 Ac-cli'anat-ed. [Accliana'tus. Fr. 
 
 acclimate , ak v klo v m& v t&'.] Thoroughly 
 accustomed to a climate. 
 
 Ac-cli-ana-tl-za'tion. [Aeclimati- 
 za'tio, o'mij.] The process or state of 
 being acclimated. 
 
 Ac-eli'vis.* [From ad, “to,” and 
 cli'vuSf the “side of a hill.”] “Sloping 
 upwards.” Applied to a muscle of the 
 abdomen, from the oblique ascent of its 
 fibres, the OblV quits inter'nus. 
 
 Accouchement (Fr.), ak'koosh'moN®'. 
 [From accoucher , ak'koo'shA', to “put to 
 bed,” to “deliver.”] The act of being 
 delivered; delivery. 
 
 Accoucheur, ak'koo'shuit'. [From 
 the same.] A man-midwife; an obstetri- 
 cian. 
 
 Ac-ere'tion. [Accre'tio, o'hm; from 
 
 ad, “to,” and cretrco , ere' turn, to “grow.”] 
 The process by which nutrient particles 
 are added to the various tissues. The 
 adhering together of parts naturally 
 separate, as the fingers, etc. 
 
 14 
 
 Aceplsala. See Acephalus. 
 
 Acephalia,* as-e-fa'le-a. [From a, 
 priv., and KepaXri , the “head.”] A form of 
 foetal monstrosity, consisting in the want 
 of the head. 
 
 Acephalobrachia,* a-sef'a-lo-bra- 
 ki'a. [From a, priv., KF.paXfi, the “ head,” 
 and Paxtons, the “arm.”] A form of 
 foetal monstrosity, consisting in the ab- 
 sence of head and arms. 
 
 A-$epli v a-lo-bra-chi'us.* [From the 
 same.] A monster-foetus, having neither 
 head nor arms. 
 
 A-^epBs'a-lo-car'ctl-a.* [From a, 
 priv., KepaXfi, the “head,” and Kapfca, the 
 “ heart.”] A form of monstrosity, con- 
 sisting in the absence of head and heart. 
 
 A-sepb'a-lo-car'<li-us.* [From the 
 same.] A monster-foetus, without head 
 and heart. 
 
 Acepbalocbirus,* or Aceplialo- 
 clieirus,* a-sef'a-lo-ki'rus. [From a, 
 priv., KepaXfi, the “head,” and x«p, the 
 “hand.”] A monster-foetus, without 
 head and hands. 
 
 Aceplaalocyst,* a-sef ' a-lo-sist. 
 
 [Aeepli'alocys'tis; from a, priv., KFpaXri, 
 the “head,” and Kvang, a “bladder.”] 
 The headless hydatid, formed like a 
 bladder. 
 
 A-$cpli'a-lo-gas'teiv* [From a, 
 
 priv., KepaXri , the “head,” and yaarrjp, the 
 “stomach” or “belly.”] A monster- 
 foetus, without head, chest, and upper 
 part of the belly. 
 
 A-^epBa'ado-gas'tri-a.* [From the 
 
 same.] A form of monstrosity, consist- 
 ing in the want of head, chest, and 
 belly. 
 
 A-^epBi'a-lo-po'di-a.* [From a, priv., 
 
 KcpaXri, the “head,” and vovg, irodog, the 
 “ foot.”] A form of monstrosity, consist- 
 ing in the absence of head and feet. 
 
 A-£epBi'a-lop'o-«lus. ;: [From the 
 same.] A monster-foetus, without head 
 and feet. 
 
 Accphalorachia,- a sef'a-l°- ra '- 
 ke-a. [From a, priv., scpaXi], the “head,” 
 and pdxis, the “spine.”] A form of mon- 
 strosity, consisting in the want of head 
 and spinal column. 
 
 A-^epli'a-lo-ra'cBiI-us.* [From the 
 same.] A monster-foetus, without head 
 and spinal column. 
 
 Aceplialostonia. See Acepiialos- 
 
 TOMUS. 
 
 A-^cph'a-lo-sto'ml-a.* [From a, 
 
 priv., KzpaXf), the “ head,” and <tt 6 pa, a 
 “mouth.”] A form of monstrosity, con- 
 sisting in the want of a head, but with 
 an aperture like a mouth. 
 
ACE 
 
 ACE 
 
 A-?epIi'a-los'to-injw, :: or A-^pSi - 
 
 a-los'to-ina. i: [From the same.] A 
 monster-foetus, without a head, but 
 having an aperture like a mouth. 
 
 A-$eph'a-lo-tho-ra'ci-a.* [From a, 
 priv., Kej>a\ij , the “ head,” and Ou>(ja£, the 
 “chest.”] A form of monstrosity, 
 consisting in the want of head and 
 chest. 
 
 A-^epli'a-lo- tho ' rus.* [From the 
 same.] A monster-foetus, without head 
 and chest. 
 
 A-ceph'a-lus.* [From a, priv, and 
 K£(pa\fi, the “head.”] Without a head: 
 aceph'alous. In the neuter plural 
 (Aceph'ala) applied to a class of Mol- 
 lusca having no appearance of a head. 
 
 A'^er.* The maple. 
 
 A^'era,* the plural of A'cer, a “ma- 
 ple-tree,” — forming the Jussieuan name 
 of a natural order of plants. See ACE- 
 RACK J3. 
 
 A'^er Sae-ctia-r i'mim.* The sugar- 
 maple-tree. 
 
 Aceracese,* as-e-ra'she-e, or A-^or- 
 in'e-se.* [From a'cer , the “maple-tree.”] 
 A natural order of plants including the 
 maple. 
 
 A^j'e-rato. [Ace'ras, a'</s.] A com- 
 bination of aceric acid with a salifiable 
 base. 
 
 A-cer'bi-ty. [Acer'bitas, a 'tin; 
 from ace/bus, “crude,” “harsh.”] Sour- 
 ness, with harshness. 
 
 A-c6r'ic. [ Acer'icus ; from a'cer , 
 the “maple-tree.”] Pertaining to the ! 
 Acer. Applied to an acid obtained from 
 the juices of A'cer campes'tre, and A'cer 
 pseu' do -plat’ an us. 
 
 Acerinese. [From the same.] See 
 Aceraceal 
 
 A$'er-dsp. [Acero'sus; from a'eus, 
 averts, “chaff.”] Chaffy; like chaff. 
 
 A-ccr'vu-lus.* [Diminutive of aver - 
 vu», a “heap.”] The collection of sand- 
 like particles found in the pineal gland: 
 an acer'vule. 
 
 A-ees'^ent. [Aces'eens? fromuce#'- 
 co, to “grow sour.”] Becoming sour. 
 
 A-ee'ta,* the plural of Ace'tum, 
 “vinegar,” applied in Pharmacy to 
 preparations of vinegar. 
 
 A^-e-tab'u-’lum.* [From ace' tnm, 
 “vinegar.”] A little cup used by the an- 
 cients for holding vinegar. Applied, in 
 Anatomy, to the round cavity in the Os 
 rimominatum which receives the head of 
 the Os femoris. 
 
 A^'e-tal. A compound of aldehyde 
 with ether : formed by the action of pla- 
 tinum black on the vapor of alcohol 
 
 with the presence of oxygen. It is a 
 colorless, very fluid liquid, having a 
 peculiar odor, suggesting that of Hun- 
 gary wines. 
 
 A^ e-ta'ri-uin , 5 plural A$-e-ta'ri-a* 
 
 [From ace'tmn, “ vinegar.”] A salad 
 made of roots or herbs mixed with oil, 
 salt, and vinegar. 
 
 Aceta'rium Scor-tm'ti-cum.* A 
 
 kind of pickle for scorbutic patients. 
 
 A^'e-tate. [Aee'tas, a'/t«.] A com- 
 bination of acetic acid with a base. 
 
 A-cet'ic. [Acet'ieus; from ace'tmn, 
 “vinegar.”] Belonging to vinegar. Ap- 
 plied to an acid the product of acetous 
 fermentation. 
 
 A-cet'I-ca.* [From the same.] Phar- 
 maceutical preparations of vinegar. 
 
 Acet'ic A$'i<l. [A^'iriimi Aeet'i- 
 cimi.] The sour principle which exists 
 in vinegar. It occurs ready-formed in 
 several products of the vegetable king- 
 dom; it is also generated during the 
 spontaneous fermentation of many vege- 
 table and animal juices. Two kinds 
 are known in Pharmacy, — viz. : Ag'idnm 
 acet'icum dilu'tum, “dilute acetic acid,” 
 or common distilled vinegar, with very 
 minute portions of uncombined mucilage 
 and extractive. At/idnm acet'icum for’- 
 tius , “strong acetic acid.” This variety 
 is obtained by distillation from wood, 
 generally that of oak coppice deprived 
 of its bark, and is then termed pyrolig- 
 neous acid; also by decomposing the 
 acetates by sulphuric acid ; it is then 
 termed radical vinegar; and when mixed 
 with camphor and essential oils, it is 
 called “Henry's Aromatic Essence of 
 Vinegar,” and Marseilles or Thieves' 
 Vinegar, or Vinaiyre des Quatre Volcurs 
 (v£'n5gn' d& kata vo'Iur'). See Gla- 
 cial Acid. 
 
 A-cet'i-fa-ca'taon. [Acetifica'tao, 
 
 o'nis; from ace'tmn, and fa'cio, to 
 “make.”] The act or process of making 
 vinegar. 
 
 A^'e-tlte. [ Ace'tis, t'tis ; from ace' - 
 tum.\ An erroneous name for the salt 
 of acetous acid, in distinction from that 
 of acetic acid, given when these acids were 
 supposed to be different. The proper 
 term is Acetate, which see. 
 
 A^-e-toiii'e-ter. [Acetom'etrum ; 
 from ace turn, and fierpov, a “measure.”] 
 An instrument for ascertaining the 
 strength of vinegar. 
 
 A^'e-tdne. A substance found, as an 
 impurity, associated with pyro-acetic 
 spirit, or naphtha. 
 
 A^-e-to'sa.* [From acco, to “be 
 15 
 
ACE 
 
 ACI 
 
 aour.”] The specific name of llumex 
 acetosa. 
 
 A-ce-to-sel'la.* [From aceto'sa.] The 
 former Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. Ph. 
 1836) for the Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 A-ee'tmas. [Acefco'sus; from ace - 
 f«w.] Pertaining to vinegar; acetic. 
 
 A-ce'tiiJii.* [From a'c-eo, to “be 
 sour/’] Acetic or acetous acid in a very 
 diluted state; common vinegar. The 
 varieties of vinegar known in commerce 
 are three: — Wine vinegar, Malt vinegar, 
 and Sugar vinegar. The strongest malt 
 vinegar is termed proof vinegar, and is 
 called by the manufacturer No. 24; it is 
 estimated to contain 4.73 per cent, of 
 real acetic acid. See Acetic Acid. 
 
 A^'e-tyl. A hypothetical radical, 
 produced by the abstraction of two 
 atoms of oxygen from ethyl, by oxi- 
 dating processes. It pervades a series 
 of compounds, including acetic acid, 
 from which it derives its name. 
 
 Aetiaenium, : ^ a-ke'ne-um; written 
 also Aclie'ioiiim. [From a, priv., and 
 XatVo), to “open.”] An in dehiscent fruit: 
 it is one-celled and one-seeded, dry, and 
 having the integuments of the seed dis- 
 tinct from it. 
 
 Aclaeir, a-klr', or Achcirus. See 
 Achirus. 
 
 Achillea,* ak-il-le'a. A genus of 
 syngenesious plants. The A. ager'atum 
 has properties similar to those of tansy. 
 The A. millefo'lium, common yarrow or 
 milfoil, is sometimes used in dyspepsia, 
 flatulence, etc. ; also in haemorrhage. 
 
 A-chil'lis Tefia'do.* (The “Tendon 
 of AchilTes.”) The strong tendon of the 
 gastrocne' mii, or gastrocne' rnius and* olse'us 
 muscles. Also called Chorda Magna, 
 or the “ great sinew.” 
 
 A eli irons, a-kl'rus, or Acheirous. 
 [Aelii'rus, or Achei'rus; from a. priv., 
 and yctp, the “ hand.”] Having no hands. 
 
 Achlnniydeous, ak-la-nnd'e-us. 
 [AclilaBiiyd'eus: from a, priv., and 
 X^apvg, a “ short cloak.”] Without calyx 
 or corolla. 
 
 Achne,* ak'ne. [Gr. axw •] A shred of 
 lint. A flake of mucous-like substance 
 on the cornea. 
 
 Acliolous, ak'o-lus. [Ach'olus; 
 
 from a, priv., and xoAj?, “bile.”] With- 
 out bile ; deficient in bile. 
 
 A'elior,* plural A-eEio'reS. [Gr. ax 'p, 
 “scurf” or “dandruff*.”] A small pus- 
 tule containing a straw-colored fluid, 
 and forming scaly eruptions about the 
 head of young children; a species of 
 scald-head. 
 
 16 
 
 Achoristns,* ak-o-ris'tus. [From a, 
 priv., and x<opGw, to “separate.”] A 
 sign or symptom which is inseparable 
 from (or which invariably accompanies) 
 a particular state of health or disease. 
 
 Aeh'ro-a.* [From u, priv., and xpoa, 
 “color.”] A colorless state of the skin, 
 caused by the absence of the usual color- 
 ing matter of the rete mucosum. Com- 
 pare Dyschroa. 
 
 Aehro-inat'k. [Achromat'icus ; 
 
 from a, priv., and “color.”] That 
 
 which does not admit the colors of the 
 solar spectrum. Lenses in which the 
 prismatic aberration of light (caused by 
 refraction ) is corrected, are termed achro- 
 matic. 
 
 A-chre'ma-tisjn. [Achromatis- 
 iirns; from the same.] The correction 
 of the aberration of light arising from 
 refraction. 
 
 Ach-ro'nia-top'si-a.* [From a, priv., 
 Xpupa, “color,” and o^ij, “vision.”] 
 Inability to distinguish colors: achro- 
 matopsy. 
 
 Achylosis,* ak-e-lo'sis. [From a, 
 priv., and xuAoj, “juice,” and hence 
 “chyle.”] Deficient ebylification. 
 
 Aehymosis,* ak-e-mo'sis. [From a, 
 priv., and X r p6s, “chyme.”] Deficient 
 chymification. 
 
 Acia,* a'she-a. [From a'cus, a “nee- 
 dle.”] A word used by Celsus, sup- 
 posed to mean the thread in a needle 
 with which a suture is made to join the 
 lips of a wound; also, the suture itself. 
 
 A-cic'ti-la,* plural, A-cie'u-he. [Di- 
 minutive of a'cus, a “needle.”] A little 
 needle: an a^icule. See Spicula. 
 
 A-eicTi-lar. [Acicula'ris; from ac/c'- 
 ula.~\ Like a small needle; spicular. 
 
 A-cic'u-la-ted. [Acicula't ns.] 
 
 Having aciculsp. 
 
 A^'id. [A^'idus, A^'idiini; from 
 a' ceo, to “be sour.”] Sour; sharp to the 
 taste, like vinegar. As a noun it signi- 
 fies a compound substance which unites 
 in definite proportions with alkaline 
 bases, and has the property of turning 
 vegetable blues to red. 
 
 A^'ida,* the pluralof Acidum, an acid. 
 
 A^'i-dif'cr-ous. [ Acidif'erus ; 
 
 from afiduni, an “acid,” and ft/ ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing or containing acid. 
 
 A-cid'I-fi'a-ble. [Acidifiab'ilis; 
 from a (/id us, “sour,” and fi'o, to “be- 
 come.”] Capable of becoming acid. 
 
 A-cidl-fi-ea'lion. [Acidilica'tio, 
 ©'«/«.] The act or process of forming, 
 | or impregnating with, acid. See next 
 I article. 
 
ACI 
 
 ACO 
 
 A-cid'I-fy. [From afidus, “soar,” 
 and fa' cio, to “make.”] To make sour 
 or acid; to convert into an acid. 
 
 A-cid'i-fy-iaig. [Acidif icus; from 
 afidus, and fa! cio, to “make.”] Making 
 acid; converting into an acid. 
 
 Acidifying’ Prm'ci-ple. That 
 which forms an acid. 
 
 As-id-im'e-ter. [Acidim'etriim : 
 from afiduni, an “acid,” and ixerpoi /, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring the strength of acids or the 
 amount of free acid. Sec next ar- 
 ticle. 
 
 A£-id-im'e-tr$r. [Acidime'tria ; 
 
 from ay'idum, “acid,” and perpeto, to 
 “measure.”] The process by which the 
 strength of acids is measured, or by 
 which the amount of uncombined or free 
 acid is determined. 
 
 A-cid'i-ty. [Acid'itas, a'tis; from 
 afidus, “sour.”] The quality of sour- 
 ness. See Aeon. 
 
 Acidoineter. See Acidimeter. 
 
 A-cid'u-la-ted. [Acidula'tus; from 
 acid' ulus, “slightly acid.”] Slightly 
 blended with acid. 
 
 A-cid'u-lous. [Acid' wins; from 
 the same.] Slightly acid ; subacid. 
 
 A^'i-dum,* plural A$'i-da. [The neu- 
 ter form of afidus, “sour.”] An Acid, 
 which see. 
 
 Acies,* a'she-ez or a'se-ez. [From aKfj, 
 a “sharp point.”] A name for iron or 
 steel. 
 
 A^-i-nas'i-fomt. [Acinacifor'mis ; 
 
 from acin'aces, a “scimitar.”] In the 
 form of a scimitar. 
 
 A^-I-ne'si-a,* or Alt-i-ne'sf-a.* 
 
 [From a, priv., and Kivrjvis, “motion.”] 
 Loss of motion in the whole or part of 
 the body. 
 
 A^T-ni.* The plural of Acinus, which 
 see. 
 
 A-em'I-form. [Acmifor'mis ; from 
 a firms, a “grape” or “grape-stone.”] 
 Having the appearance of a grape or 
 grape-stone. See Acinus. 
 
 A$'i-n©se, or A^i-nous. [Acino'- 
 sus; from the same.] Having acini, 
 or full of acini. 
 
 A^'i-nus,* or As'i-nos.* [Gr. axivog, 
 the “stone of grapes;” a “grape.”] Ap- 
 plied in the plural ( afini ) to the small 
 granulations composing the substance 
 of the liver and other glandular bodies. 
 Also a term used in Botany to denote 
 the small berries which form the fruit of 
 the bramble, rasp, etc. Also a species 
 of thyme. 
 
 As-I-peai'ser.* The sturgeon, a 
 
 genus of fishes from which isinglass is 
 prepared. See Iciithyocolla. 
 
 Acme,® [Gr. a*/xi 7 , the “point,” 
 “top,” “period of greatest vigor.”] The 
 highest degree, or height, of a disease; 
 the crisis. 
 
 Ac'ne.* [Supposed to be derived from 
 ac'me, because it is apt to affect those 
 who are in the bloom of life.] A papu- 
 lar eruption, mostly occurring on the 
 face, but sometimes extending to the 
 neck, shoulders, or breast. 
 
 Ac'ne Rosa'cea*(ro-za'she-a). Pim- 
 ples on the face; the conspicuous erup- 
 tion, of a bright rosy hue, on the nose 
 and contiguous parts of the face, in 
 drunkards. Called also Gut'ta Ro sea, or 
 Rosy-drop. 
 
 Accelius,* a-se'le-us, or Acoe'lios.* 
 [From a, priv., and KoiXia, the “belly.”] 
 Having no belly ; wasted to such a degree 
 as to have this appearance. 
 
 A-col'o-£y« [Aeolo'gia; from (Uog, 
 a “remedy,” and Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
 The doctrine or science of remedies. By 
 some the term is limited to the considera- 
 tion of surgical and mechanical remedies. 
 
 A-con'dy-lous. [From a, priv., and 
 Kovd iXos, a “joint.”] Without joints. 
 
 Ac'o-nite. The common name for 
 Acoxitum Napellus. 
 
 Aconitia,- ak-o-nish'e-a, or A-con'I- 
 tin. [Aconiti'na ; from aconi'tum.] 
 An alkaloid constituting the active princi- 
 ple of aconite. It is a powerful poison. 
 
 Ac-o-nit'ic A$'id. An acid obtained 
 from aconite. 
 
 Ac-o-ni'ti Fo'li-um.* (“Leaf of 
 Aconite.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of Aconi'tum 
 impel' Ins. 
 
 Aconi'ti Ra dix.- (“Root of Aco- 
 nite.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || for 
 the root of Aconitum napellus. 
 
 Ae-o-ni'tiim.* [From A c’onse, a place 
 in Bithynia where it was common.] The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for the 
 leaves and tops of Aconitum napellus. 
 
 Aconi'tum Ma-pel'lus.* The sys- 
 tematic name of aconite. 
 
 A 'cor, o'r is.* [From a'ceo, to “be 
 sour.”] Acidity, as in the stomach from 
 indigestion. 
 
 A-co'ri-a.* [From a, priv., and Kopcco, 
 to “satisfy.”] Insatiable hunger. 
 
 A-cor'mous. [Acor'mus: from a, 
 priv., and Koppog , the “trunk of a tree.”] 
 Having no stem. 
 
 Ac'o-rus,* Ac'o-rnm.* [Gr. aKopov .] 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. Ph. 
 1836) for Acorus calamus. A Linnaean 
 A7 
 
ACO 
 
 ACR 
 
 genus of the class Hexandria, order 
 Monogynia , Jussieuan system Aroidese. 
 
 Acorus A-sI-at/i-cus, Acorus Ye'- 
 rus.* Other names for Acorus calamus. 
 
 Ac'orus Cal'a-mus.* The systematic 
 name of the common sweet flag. See 
 preceding article. 
 
 Acotyledon,* a-kot-i-le'don. [From 
 a, priv., and koto\it]6jjv, 6vo$, a “seed-lobe.”] 
 A plant having no seed-lobe: without a 
 cotyledon. In the plural, applied to a 
 division of the Jussieuan system. See 
 next article. 
 
 Acotyledones,* a-kot-i-le'do-nez. 
 [From the same.] Acotyledonous plants; 
 plants whose seeds have no distinct co- 
 tyledons. The term is usually applied 
 to what are more commonly named 
 cryptogamic plants, such as ferns, mosses, 
 lichens, etc., in which there are no seeds, 
 properly so called, but which are propa- 
 gated by undivided spherical bodies 
 called spores. 
 
 A-cot-y-led'o-nous. [Acotyledo'- 
 neus, Acotyle'donus ; from the same.] 
 Having no cotyledon or seed-lobe. See 
 Cotyledon. 
 
 Acoumeter, a-koo'me-ter or a-kow'- 
 me-ter. [AcouWtrum; from <kot5o>, 
 to “hear,” and (xerpov, a “measure.”] An 
 instrument for estimating the extent of 
 hearing. 
 
 Acouophonia,* a-koo-o-fo'ne-a. 
 [From dKovoj, to “hear,” and a 
 
 “voice” or “sound.”] A mode of aus- 
 cultation in which the observer places 
 his ear on the chest and analyzes the 
 sound produced by percussion. 
 
 A-cous'ma, at is.* [From dKov co, to 
 “hear.”] A species of depraved hear- 
 ing, in which sounds are imagined as if 
 really heard. 
 
 Acoustic, a-koos'tik or a-kow'stik. 
 [Acous'ticus; from <ko -ora?, a “hearer.”] 
 Pertaining to sound, or the sense of hear- 
 ing. Anciently applied to remedies (called 
 acoustica medicament a) for deafness. 
 
 Acoustic I>uct. See Meatus Au- 
 ditories. 
 
 Acous'tic Nerve. The auditory nerve, 
 or Portio mollis of the seventh pair. 
 
 A-cous'tics. [Acoustica; from 
 aKovu), to “hear.”] The doctrine of the 
 theory and principles of sound: the sci- 
 ence of sound. 
 
 Ac-quis'i-tlve-ness. According to 
 Phrenology, that faculty or propensity 
 which impels to the acquisition of pro- 
 perty. 
 
 Acraepalus,* a-krep'a-lus, or A- 
 crcep'a-los.* [From a, priv., and xpai- 
 18 
 
 rrdX/j, “drunken or gluttonous excess.”] 
 Correcting the effects of excess in eating 
 or drinking. 
 
 A-cra'ui-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 Kpaviov, the “cranium.”] A species of 
 defective development consisting in par- 
 tial or total absence of the cranium. 
 
 Acraitia, " a-kra te-a. [From a, priv., 
 and Kpdros, “ strength.”] Weakness, irn- 
 potency. 
 
 Ac'rid. [From a' cer, or a'cris, “sharp.”] 
 A term applied to substances producing 
 a disagreeable sense of irritation or burn- 
 ing on the tongue or in the fauces. 
 
 Ac'rl-mo-ny. [Acriino'nia: from 
 a'cris , “ sharp,” “ acrid.”] A sharp, acrid, 
 corrosive quality, biting to the tongue. 
 
 Ac'rimony of the Hu mors. A 
 change supposed to take place in the 
 fluids of the body, causing disease. 
 
 A-crin'I-a.* [From a, priv., and Kpirw, 
 to “discern,” to “secrete.”] A diminu- 
 tion or total suppression of the secretions. 
 
 A-cri'si-a.* [From a, priv., and Kplotg, 
 a “judgment.”] A state of disease in 
 which there is either no crisis, or in which 
 no judgment or opinion can be foimed. 
 
 Ac'ri-ta.* [From a, priv., and Kpii w, 
 to “discern,” to “perceive,” to “judge.”] 
 A subdivision of the Radiata of Cuvier, 
 including animals which have no trace 
 of any organs of perception or of any 
 nervous system. It comprehends Potypi, 
 Infusoria, and other animals of the very 
 lowest type. 
 
 A-crit'i-cal. [Ac'ritus; from a, 
 priv., and Kpirdg, “judged,” from Kp'uw, to 
 “judge.”] Having no regular crisis. 
 
 Ac-ro-bys'tl-a.* [From dspor, “ex- 
 tremity,” and 6v(o, to “cover.”] The pre- 
 puce. 
 
 Ac'ro-dont. [Ac'rodon; from 
 aicpov, “extremity” or “summit,” and 
 o6ovg y dSovr-og, a “tooth.”] Applied by 
 Owen to scaly Saurri having teeth an- 
 kylosed to the summit of the alveolai 
 ridge. 
 
 Ac-ro-dyn'I-a.* [From ax(>ov, “ex- 
 tremity,” and ddvvrj, “pain.”] Acute 
 rheumatism of the extremities, head, 
 hands, or feet. 
 
 Ac'ro-gfen. An acrogenous plant. 
 See next article. 
 
 A-croAr'e-nous. [Acrog'enus; from 
 aKpov , “summit,” and ymo, to “be born.”] 
 Growing from their tops. The Latin 
 term in the plural feminine ( Acrogense , 
 a-kroj'e-ne) is applied to plants which 
 grow from their external points, and 
 whose increase is in length mainly. 
 
 Ac-ro-ma'nl-a.* [From dxpog, “ex* 
 
ACR 
 
 ACU 
 
 freme,” and p avia, “madness.”] Con- 
 firmed or incurable madness. 
 
 A-cro'ml-al. [Acromia'lis,] Per- 
 taining to the acromion. 
 
 A-cro'mi-on.** [From axpoi/, “ex- 
 tremity” or “summit,” and cypoq, the 
 “shoulder.”] The projecting process of 
 the Scapula. 
 
 Ac-rom-plia'll-on,* Acrom'pha- 
 Ion. ;: Ac-roin-plia'll-uin,* Acrom- 
 plialuni. [From «*/*>//, “summit” or 
 “point,” and dptbaXog, the “navel.”] The 
 centre of the navel, to which the cord is 
 attached in the foetus. 
 
 Acron'ycal. See Acronyctous. 
 
 Ac-rou-yc'tous. [Acronyc'tus; 
 from aKpou , “extremity,” and vv £, vvKroq, 
 “night.”] Applied to stars appearing 
 at sunset and disappearing at sunrise 
 (sunset and sunrise being the two “ex- 
 tremities of the night”) ; in other words, 
 to stars or planets when opposite the 
 sun. 
 
 Ac'ro-spire. [Acrospi'ra; from 
 axpov, “extremity,” “end,” and aTrcipa, 
 any thing wound round another.] A 
 sprout or plumule from the end of seeds 
 when germinating. 
 
 A-crot/ic. [Acrot'icus; from axpoq, 
 “extreme,” “outermost part.”] Belong- 
 ing to the external surface. Applied in 
 the plural neuter (Acrotf tea) to an order 
 of the class Eccritica , in Good’s classifi- 
 cation. 
 
 Ac'ro-tism. [ Acrotis'mus ; from a, 
 priv., and Kporoq, the “pulse.”] A defect 
 of the pulse. 
 
 Ac-tiu-i-for'mis.* [From d/m i\ or 
 a/mj, a “ray.”] Exhibiting the form 
 or appearance of rays. The same as 
 Actinoides. 
 
 Ac’ tin-ism. [Actinis'mus; from 
 d/cr 4//.] That branch of Natural Philoso- 
 phy which treats of the radiation of 
 heat or light (Mayne) ; but more usually 
 the chemical power of the sun’s rays as 
 distinguished from light or heat. 
 
 Ac-tin-o-car'pous. [Actinocar'- 
 pus; from <xktlv, a “ray,” and Kapnoq, 
 “fruit.”] Having trophosperms radiated 
 like the rays of fruit. 
 
 Ac-tiu-o^'er-ate, Ac-tiu-o$'er-ous. 
 [ Actinocera'tus, Actiiio$'erus ; from 
 d/mV, and tekpaq, a “horn.”] Having parts 
 like radiated horns. 
 
 Ac-tiu-o'des. The same as Actinoid. 
 
 Ac'tin-oicl. [ Actinoi'des ; from 
 olktiv, a “ray,” and eiSoq, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling rays, or a ray. 
 
 Ac-tin'o-lite. [ Actinol'ithus ; from 
 dtcrtVy a “ray,” and Xidoq, a “stone.”] A 
 
 species of mineral composed of radiated 
 crystals. 
 
 Ac-tin-oiu'e-ter. [Actinom'e- 
 trum; from d/cnV, a “ray,” and pzrpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for indi- 
 cating the strength of the sun’s rays. 
 
 Ac-tin-o-zo'um,** or Ac-tin-o-z©'- 
 on ;i; (plural Actinozo'a). [From olktlv, 
 and $ak/i/, an “animal.”] The name of 
 certain Acephala Gastrica having ap- 
 pendages, and often the arex of the sur- 
 face, radiated. 
 
 Ac'tiou. [Ac'tio, o'/us; from a' go, 
 ac'tum, to “do,” to “act.”] The exer- 
 cise of an active power; a faculty or 
 function of the body. 
 
 Ac'tivc. [Acti'vus; from the same.] 
 Acting with energy. Applied to treat- 
 ment of the sick, to certain medicines, 
 and to surgical remedies. 
 
 Ac'tu-al €au'tc-rjr. [From kcl'i co, to 
 “burn;” or Kavrripiov, a “red-hot iron,” a 
 “branding-iron.”] A red-hot iron, or 
 fire, used by surgeons as a cautery, be- 
 cause it really burns away the part or 
 surface to which it is applied, in contra- 
 distinction to caustic substances, termed 
 potential cauteries, which produce a 
 similar result without actual burning. 
 Also called Ignis actualis , “actual fire.” 
 See Cautery. 
 
 A-cu'le-ate. [Aculea'tus; from 
 acu'leus , a “prickle.”] Having prickles. 
 
 A-cu'le-us.* [From a'cus, a “needle.”] 
 A prickle arising from the bark or epi- 
 dermis of any part of a plant, and 
 which may be peeled off with the bark. 
 
 A-cu'im-nate. [ Acumiua'tus ; 
 
 from acu' men, acu’ minis, a “point,” 
 “sharpness.”] Pointed; tapering to a 
 point. 
 
 Ac-u-pres'sion. [Acupres'sio ; from 
 
 a'cus, a “needle,” and pre’ mo, pres' sum, 
 to “press.”] Hr. J. Y. Simpson’s plan of 
 securing against haemorrhage in wounds 
 or operations, by inserting a needle 
 through the skin below the divided ves- 
 sel, and returning its point to the cuta- 
 neous surface again, the ends being left 
 out to a sufficient extent. 
 
 Ac-u-punc'ture. [Acnpnnctn’ra; 
 from a'cus, a “needle ,” &nd pun' go, ptinc'- 
 turn, to “prick.”] A small puncture 
 made with a needle. 
 
 A'cus Can-uu-la'ta.* A trocha r : a 
 cannulated needle used in surgery. 
 
 A cus In-ter-punc-to'ri-a.* A 
 couching-needle, used in operating on 
 the eye. 
 
 A'cus Opfi-tlial'mi-ca.* A couching 
 or ophthalmic needle. 
 
 19 
 
ACU 
 
 ADE 
 
 A'cus Tri-que'tra.* A trochar: a 
 three-cornered needle. 
 
 Ac-ut-an'g , u-lar, or Ac-ut-an'gu- 
 late. [Acutangulii^is, Acutangu- 
 latus*. from acu'tus, "sharp,” and 
 an'gulus, a "corner/"] Having sharp 
 angles. 
 
 A-cute'. [Acu'tus; from ac'uo, acu'- 
 tum, to "sharpen/" to "point."’] Ending 
 in a point. Applied also to diseases 
 having violent symptoms attended with 
 danger, and terminating within a few 
 days. 
 
 Ac-u-te-nac'u-lum.* [From a'cus, a 
 ‘"needle/" and tenac'ulum, a "handle."’] 
 A handle for a needle. Also called Porte- 
 aiguille. 
 
 A-cy'a-no-blep'si-a.* [From a, priv., 
 
 tcvavos, "blue,” and /3\cnw, to "look,” to 
 "see.”] Defect of vision by which blue 
 color cannot be distinguished. 
 
 Acyesis,* as-i-e'sis. [From a, priv., 
 and Kvrjcus, "pregnancy.”] Sterility in 
 women. 
 
 Ad. A Latin preposition signifying 
 "to,” "at,” "by,” "towards,” "near,” 
 "with,” etc. In compound words the 
 d is usually changed to correspond with 
 the following letter. Thus, ad becomes 
 ac before c, al before l, ap before p, etc. 
 
 Ad. or Add. = Ad'de, adda'tur ,* etc. 
 "Add,” or "let there be added.” 
 
 Ad Def. Auimi == Ad defectionem 
 animi * (ad de-fek-she-o'nem an'e-mi). 
 "To fainting.” 
 
 Ad Deliquium* (de-lik'we-um), or 
 Ad Deliq'uium An imi/ " To faint- 
 ing.” Used in directions for venesection. 
 
 Ad 2 Vic. = Ad du'as vi'ces .* "At 
 two times,” or "at twice taking.” 
 
 Ad Lib. = Ad libi'tum .* "At plea- 
 sure.” 
 
 A-dac'ry-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 duKpvov, a "tear.”] A deficiency of the 
 iachrymal secretion. 
 
 Adaemonia,* a-de-mo'ne-a. [From 
 a, priv., and daipoj v, "fortune.”] Restless 
 or unhappy thoughts; anxiety. 
 
 Ad'a-vnant. [Ad'amas, Adaman'- 
 tis; from a, neg., and dapdoj, to "subdue/"] 
 Literally, "that which [on account of its 
 hardness] cannot be subdued.’" Diamond, 
 the hardest of all substances. 
 
 Adamantine. [ Adamant inns ; 
 from the preceding.] Having the hard- 
 ness or lustre of adamant. 
 
 Adam's Apple. See Pomum Ada mi. 
 
 Ad-ap'ter. A tube used in Chemistry 
 for increasing the length of the neck of 
 a retort, or for connecting the retort ! 
 with the receiver, where the orifice of 
 20 
 
 the latter is not large enough to admit 
 the beak of the retort. 
 
 Ad-de-pha'gl-a.* [From dbrfv, or 
 aodrjv, "abundantly,” and (pays Xv, to "eat.”] 
 Voracious appetite, or Bulimia. 
 
 Ad'di-son’s Dis-ease'. The Melasma 
 supra-renale, first described by him. 
 
 Ad-di-ta-men'tum.* [From ad’ do, 
 ad'ditum, to "add” or "adjoin.”] A 
 small suture sometimes found added to 
 the lambdoid and squamous sutures. 
 
 Ad-du'cens. ;;: [From ad, "to,” and 
 du'eo, to "lead,” to "draw.”] Drawing 
 together: addu'cent. 
 
 Ad-duc'tion. [Adduc'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] That movement by 
 which one part, as a limb or finger, is 
 drawn to another, or to the mesial line. 
 
 Ad-duc'tor, o'ris* [From the same.] 
 Applied to muscles that perform adduc- 
 tion. See Antithenar. 
 
 A 'den,* gen. Ad'enis. [Gr. abriv, a 
 "gland.”] A gland. A bubo. 
 
 Ad-en-al'gi-a.* [From aertv, a 
 "gland,” and aXyog, "pain.”] Pain in a 
 gland: adenal'gy. 
 
 Ad en-em-phrax'is/ [From adr/v, a 
 "gland,” and epKppa^ig, "obstruction.”] 
 Glandular obstruction. 
 
 Ad-en'I-form. [Aden i formes : 
 from a' den, a "gland.”] Formed like a 
 gland; glandiform. See Adenoid. 
 
 Ad -en-i'tis, i dis.* [From dbnv, a 
 "gland.”] Inflammation of a gland; 
 bubo. 
 
 Ad'en-o-dyn'i-a.* [From dbnr, abtvog, 
 a "gland,” and odvrri, "pain.”] Pain in a 
 gland. See Adenalgia. 
 
 Ad-en-ogr'ra-pliy. [Adenograph'- 
 ia; from abriv, a "gland,” and ypatiio, to 
 "write.”] A treatise or dissertation on 
 the glandular system. 
 
 Ad'en-oid. [Adenoi'des; from derjv, 
 a "gland,” and eibog, a "form.”] Resem- 
 bling a gland. 
 
 Ad-en-ol'©-£y. [Atlenolo'^ia; from 
 
 abrji/, a "gland,” and \6yog, a "discourse.”] 
 The doctrine of the glandular system. 
 The science which treats of glands or 
 of the glandular system. 
 
 Ad'en-o-me-n in'&e-tis.* [From d6fiv, 
 a "gland,” and fdfviy^, a "membrane.”] 
 Applied to mucous or pituitous fever 
 ( Febris adenomeningea ), because the 
 membranes and follicular glands of the 
 intestines were held to be the chief seat 
 of the complaint. 
 
 Aden-on-co'sis,* or Ad>n-©ii-k©'- 
 
 sis.* [From dbr/v, a " gland,” and dyicd ro, 
 to "puff up” or "swell.”] Swelling of a 
 gland. 
 
ADE 
 
 ADN 
 
 Ad'en-o-ner'vous. The same as 
 Adenoneurosus, which see. 
 
 Ad eai-o-neii-ro'sus.* [From ddnv, 
 a “ gland/’ and vzvpov, a “ nerve.”] Ap- 
 plied to the plague ( Febris adenoneu- 
 rosa), because situated in the nerves 
 and lymphatic glands of the axilla and 
 groin : adenonerv'ous. 
 
 Ad en o-phar-yn-gi tis, id is.* 
 
 [From dtifit/, a “gland,” and 0«puy£, the 
 “ pharynx.”] Inflammation of the ton- 
 sils and pharynx. 
 
 Adeii-oph-tJial'ma-a.* [From aSrjv, 
 a “gland,” and opiaXpog, the “eye.”] In- 
 flammation of the Meibomian glands: 
 adenophthal'my. 
 
 Adeii-o-phy'ma.* [From aSijv, a 
 “gland,” and (pv/xa , a “tumor.”] The 
 swelling of a gland. When it occurs in 
 the liver it is called hepatophyma. 
 
 Ad'en-o-scle-ro'sis.* [From d5ni>, 
 a “gland,” and oxA^poco, to “harden.”] 
 A hard, indolent swelling of a gland, 
 not of a scirrhous character. 
 
 Ad'en-ose. [Adeno'sws; from a den, 
 a “gland.”] Having many glands; 
 glandulous. 
 
 Ad-eai-ot'o-my. [ Adenoto'mia ; 
 
 from a6r\v, dderog, a “ gland,” and rifx i/w, 
 to “cut.”] Dissection of the glands. 
 
 Adeplia^ia. See Addephagia. 
 
 A'deps, gen. Ad'i-pis.* A Latin term, 
 signifying fat, animal oil. 
 
 A'deps An-ser-i'ims.* Goose-grease. 
 
 A'deps O-vil'lus.* Fat of the sheep ; 
 mutton-suet. 
 
 A'deps Prse-pa-ra'tus.* Prepared 
 lard. 
 
 A'deps Su-il'lus.* Hog’s lard ; Ax- 
 ungia porcino,. The same as Lardum. 
 
 Ad-he'sion. [Adliee'sio, o'nis; 
 from ad, “to,” and hse'reo, hse'sum , to 
 “ stick.”] That property by which cer- 
 tain bodies attract others, or their par- 
 ticles adhere to each other. One of the 
 terminations of inflammation. 
 
 Ad-he'sive. [Adhsesi'vus ; from 
 the same.] Having the property of ad- 
 hesion. See Glutinous, Viscous. 
 
 Adlie'sive In-fiam-ma'tion. [In- 
 flamma'tio adlaaesi'va.] The process 
 by which the sides of incised wounds, 
 being brought into exact contact, unite 
 without suppuration, constituting union 
 by the first intention. 
 
 Ad-lie'sive Pias'ter. [Emplas'- 
 trum Adfiisesi'vum.] Common name 
 for the Emplastrum Resina;, which see. 
 
 Ad-i-an ' turn.* [Gr. ddlavrov ; from a, 
 priv., and diaivco, to “moisten ;” so named 
 because less juicy than many other 
 3 
 
 ferns, or because the leaves are not 
 easily moistened.] A genus of ferns 
 called maiden-hair, from which a syrup 
 termed capillaire is prepared. See Ca- 
 
 PILLAIRE. 
 
 A-di'a-pBio-re'sis.** [From a, priv., 
 and dia'Popeu), to “ perspire.”] Deficient 
 cutaneous perspiration. See Adiap- 
 neustia. 
 
 A-di-apli'o-rus.* [From a, priv., and 
 Siapepu), to “ differ.”] Formerly applied 
 to medicines which did neither good nor 
 harm ; also to neutral salts : adiaph'o- 
 rous. 
 
 A-di'ap-neus'ti-a.* [From a, priv., 
 and dtanreio, to “ breathe through,” to 
 “evaporate.”] The absence, obstruction, 
 or diminution of perspiration. 
 
 Adipocere, or Adipocire, ad'e-po- 
 ser'. [Adipoce'ra; from a'deps, ad'ipis, 
 “fat,” and ce'ra, “wax.”] A peculiar 
 substance like fat, or spermaceti, formed 
 by the spontaneous conversion of the 
 flesh of man or other animals when 
 placed for a considerable period in moist 
 situations or under water; also called 
 Grave-wax. 
 
 Ad'I-pose. [Adipo'sus; f rom a'deps, 
 ad'ipis , “fat.”] Of the nature of fat; 
 fatty. 
 
 Ad'ipose Ar'te-ries. The branches 
 of the diaphragmatic, capsular, and 
 renal arteries, because they supply the 
 fat round the kidneys. 
 
 Ad'ipose Membrane, Adipose 
 Tis'sue. Cellular membrane with fat 
 collected in its cells. 
 
 Ad-I-po'sis.* [From a'deps.') The 
 growth of fatness or obesity. 
 
 A-dip'si-a.* [From a, priv., and Sixpa, 
 “thirst.”] Absence of thirst; a genus 
 of the order Dysorexise, class Locales, 
 of Cullen’s nosology. 
 
 A-dip'sous. [Adip'sus, or Adip'sos; 
 from the same.] Allaying thirst. Ap- 
 plied to medicines and fruits which so act. 
 
 Ad'jjec-tive. [Adjecti' vus ; from 
 adjitfio, adjectum, to “add to.”] Ap- 
 plied to coloring matters which require 
 to be fixed through the addition of an- 
 other substance termed a mordant. 
 
 Ad'jsi-vant. [Ad Ju vans; from 
 ad'juvo , to “ assist.”] Assisting other re- 
 medies. 
 
 Ad-mix 'tii re. [Acimistu'ra; from 
 ad, “to” or “with,” and mis' ceo, mis' turn 
 or mix' turn, to “mix.”] A mixing or 
 blending one substance with another. 
 
 Admov. = Admo've “apply,” or 
 Admovea'tur y * “let there be applied.” 
 
 Adaiata. See Tunica Adnata. 
 
 21 
 
ADN 
 
 Ad'nate. [Adna'tns; from ad, “to,” 
 and nas' cor, na'tus, to “ be born/’ to 
 “grow.”] Connected or grown together. 
 
 Ad-o-les'cence. T Adolescesitia, 
 
 ad-o-les-sen'she-a ; from adoles'co, to 
 “grow,” to “grow up to maturity.”] 
 Youth; the period between puberty and 
 full development : from fourteen or fifteen 
 to about twenty-five in males, and from 
 twelve or thirteen to twenty-one in 
 females. 
 
 Ad-op 7 ter. The same as Adapter. 
 
 Ad-os-cu-la'tion. [Adoscnla'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from ad, “to” or “towards,” and 
 osculor, oscula'tu 8 , to “ kiss.”] The im- 
 pregnation of plants by the pollen coming 
 in contact with the pistils; the joining or 
 inserting one part of the plant into an- 
 other. Also the external contact of the 
 genital organs of the opposite sexes in 
 birds and fishes during impregnation, 
 instead of the insertion of that of the 
 male. 
 
 Ad Pon'dus Om'ni-nm.^ “ To the 
 
 weight of the whole.” Used in prescrip- 
 tions to indicate the proportion of some 
 particular ingredient. 
 
 Adragt. nthin. Set Tragacanthin. 
 
 Adst. IFe'bre = Adstan'te fe'bre.% 
 “Fever being present,” or when the 
 fever is on. 
 
 Ad'ult. [Adnl'tns; from ado'leo, 
 adul'tum, to “grow up.”] Applied to 
 animals arrived at maturity ; also some- 
 times applied to plants. See JEtas. 
 
 Ad-ul-te-ra'tion. [Adultera'tio, 
 o'nis; from adul'iero, a duller a' turn, to 
 “ adulterate,” to “ counterfeit.”] The cor- 
 rupting of pure ingredients with others 
 resembling them, but of inferior value. 
 
 A-dus'tion. [Adas' tio, o'nis ; from 
 adu'ro, adus'tum, to “burn,” to “scorch.”] 
 A synonym of cauterization; the appli- 
 cation of the actual cautery to any part 
 of the body. See Ambtjstio. 
 
 Adventitious, ad-ven-tish'us. [Ad- 
 venti'tius; from adve'nio, adventum , to 
 “come to,” to “come to accidentally.”] 
 That which is accidental or acquired, in 
 opposition to what is natural or heredi- 
 tary. 
 
 Ad- ver-sl-fo'll-ate. [Ad veisi fo'- 
 lius; from adver'sus, “against,” and fo'- 
 lium, a “leat.”] Having leaves against 
 or opposite to each other. 
 
 Ad-y-na'mi-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 ivmut 5, “ power.”] Loss or deficiency of 
 vital power; adyn'amy. 
 
 Ad-y-iiuinic. [Adynam'icus.] 
 Pertaining to Adynamia. 
 
 iEdoeitis (e-de-i'tis), idis.* [From 
 22 
 
 MQt 
 
 ai&oTa, the “parts of generation,” the 
 “pudenda.”] Inflammation of the pu- 
 denda. 
 
 vEdoeodynia,* e-de-o-din'e-a. [From 
 adoia, the “pudenda,” and odvvn, “pain.”] 
 Pain in the genital organs, from what- 
 ever cause. 
 
 AE-d«e-o-gra'pbI-a.* [From aitoTa, 
 the “pudenda,” and ypa<pco, to “write.”] 
 Description of the parts of generation. 
 
 AE-doe-o-lo'g’i-a.* [From adoTa, the 
 “pudenda,” and \ 6 yog, a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on the parts of generation, 
 their structure and functions ; also that 
 branch of Anatomy or Physiology treat- 
 ing of the same. 
 
 AG-doe-op-so'pIii-a,'- or JE-dop-so'- 
 plai-a.* [From aidoia, the “pudenda,” 
 and ipoQea), to “make a noise.”] The 
 sound caused by the escape of wind 
 from the womb per vaginam, or from 
 the bladder per urethram, in females. 
 
 JE-dce-os'co-py. [Adoeosco'pia, 
 or AGdoeop'sia ? from aidoia, the “pu- 
 denda,” gkotxzw, to “see;” dipig, “vision.”] 
 Examination or inspection of the pu- 
 denda. 
 
 iE-doe-ot'o-my. [Aklceoto'mia; 
 
 from aitoTa, the “pudenda,” and ri^vio, to 
 “cut.”] The anatomy or dissection of 
 the parts of generation. 
 
 iE-g’ag-r©-pi'!us.* [From aiyaypog, 
 the “wild goat,” and 7:1X0$, “hair wrought 
 into felt.”] A concretion found in the 
 stomach of goats, deer, cows, etc., com- 
 posed of hair collected on the tongue of 
 the animal in licking itself, and swal- 
 lowed. 
 
 ASgilops (ej'il-ops), o'p is.* [From al'£, 
 atyog, a “goat,” and ohp, the “eye.”] A 
 sinuous ulcer under the inner angle of 
 the eye, so called from its resemblance 
 to the larmier or infra-orbital glandular 
 sac of goats: now considered to be only 
 a stage of the fistula tachrymalit. 
 
 JEgobronebopliony, e-go-bron-kof- 
 o-ne. [iEgobroiicliopho'nia; from 
 at£, a “goat,” and bronchopho’nia .] The 
 bleating and bronchial voice; the prin- 
 cipal symptom in pleuro-pneumonia. 
 See Bronchophony. 
 
 iE-go'nl-a.* (Contraction of JEyo- 
 pho'nia.) A minor degree of aegophony, 
 or a resonance of voice intermediate be- 
 tween well-marked bronchophony and 
 aegophony. 
 
 iEgophony, e-gofo-ne. [iEgopbo'- 
 
 nia: from a if, atytig, a “ goat,” and <pi>ivr}, 
 the “voice.”] In auscultation, a strong 
 resonance of the voice, jerking and 
 tremulous, like that of the goat or kid. 
 
JER 
 
 JEO 
 
 iEolis>ile, e-ol'e-pll. [From JE'olus , 
 the “ god of the winds,” and pi' la, a 
 “ball.”] Literally, “iEolus’s ball.” A 
 hollow ball of metal with two orifices on 
 opposite sides. If water be placed in 
 such a ball and converted to steam, the 
 escape of the latter reacting on the atmo- 
 sphere may be made to communicate a 
 rotary motion to the ball. 
 
 iEora,* e-o'ra. [From aiiopcoj, to “raise 
 into the air.”] A species of gestation; 
 swinging. 
 
 Ah|«l librium,* e-kwi-lib'bre-um. 
 [From se'qaus, “equal,” and li'bro, to 
 “balance,” to “weigh.”] Literally, a 
 “balancing of forces.” That rest which 
 occurs when many forces applied to the 
 same body are equally opposed. In Me- 
 dicine it signifies the harmonious action 
 of the organs of the body. 
 
 iE'nuI-valvecl. [JEqui val'vis ; from 
 se'quus, “equal,” and val'vse , “folding 
 doors.”] Having equal valves. Applied 
 to a dehiscent pericarp so formed. 
 
 A'er.'* [From drip, depog, “ air,” the “at- 
 mosphere.”] The natural air we breathe : 
 atmospheric air. 
 
 Aerate, a'er-at. [From the preceding.] 
 To impregnate with carbonic acid gas. 
 
 A'e-rat-ed. [A'eratus.] Applied to 
 liquids impregnated with carbonic acid 
 gas. 
 
 A'er Fix'us.* Fixed air, or carbonic 
 acid gas. 
 
 A-e'ri-al A^'id. Carbonic acid gas. 
 
 Ae'rial Plants. Certain plants which 
 can live by absorption from the atmo- 
 sphere, without requiring their roots to 
 be fixed to any place ; as the Flos a'eris. 
 See Aerophytum. 
 
 Aeriferous, a-er-if er-ous. [Aer'ifer ; 
 from a'er, “air,” and fe'ro, to “bear,” to 
 “carry.”] Air-bearing. Applied to the 
 air-passages, the windpipe, bronchi, etc. 
 
 A'er-I-f I-ca' t ion . [ Aerifiica'ti©, 
 
 o 'nis; from a'er, “air” or “gas,” and 
 fa'cio, to “ make.”] The converting of 
 a body into gas. 
 
 A'er-i-form. [Aerifor'mis; from 
 a'er, “air” or “gas.”] Having the form 
 of air or gas : gaseous. 
 
 A-er-o-dyn-amlc. [Aerotlyuam'a- 
 ens; from drip, and 6vi tapis, “power.”] 
 Pertaining to the force of the air. 
 
 A-er-o-dyai-am'ics. [Aerodyu- 
 am'ica; from the same.] The doctrine 
 of the air and its properties while in 
 motion. 
 
 A-er-og'ra-phy. [Aerograph's© ; 
 
 from a'er, “ air,” and ypd</> co, to “ write.”] 
 A description of the air. 
 
 Aerolite, a'er-o-llt ; written also 
 A'e-ro-lith. [From afip, the “atmo- 
 sphere,” and \iOoi, a “ stone.”] A certain 
 meteoric stone which falls from the 
 heavens: an aerolite or aerolith. Also 
 termed a Meteorolite. See Brontolitii. 
 
 A-er-ol'o-gy. [Aerolo'gia; from 
 afip, “air,” and A oyog, a “discourse.”] A 
 treatise or consideration of the proper- 
 ties of air. 
 
 A-er-om'e-tcr. [Aeronn'etmtn 5 
 
 from dnp, “air,” and phpov, a “measure.”] 
 An instrument for ascertaining the 
 mean bulk of gases. 
 
 A-er-om'e-try. [Aeromc'tria ; 
 from the same.] The ascertaining of 
 the physical properties of atmospheric 
 air, their nature and history. 
 
 A-er-o-pho'bB-a.* [From afip, “air,” 
 and Qdpos, “ fear.”] A dread of any cur- 
 rent of air ; because in hydrophobia and 
 some other diseases it induces a parox- 
 ysm : aeroph'oby. 
 
 Aerophyte, a'er-o-phit. [Aeroph'- 
 ytuau; from afip, “air,” and 0urdi/, a 
 “plant.”] A plant that lives in the air 
 without being rooted in the earth. See 
 Aerial Plants. 
 
 A-e-ros'co-py. [From drip, “air,” 
 and oKOTTio), to “survey,” to “examine.”] 
 The investigation of the air. 
 
 Arose, e'ros. [Aro'sns; from res, 
 se'ris, “copper” or “brass.”] Of the 
 nature of copper ; coppery. 
 
 A-er-o-stat'ic. [ Aeroistat'icus ; 
 from afip, “air,” and aTartKfj, the “science 
 of weights.”] Pertaining to the science 
 of the weight of air, or Aerostatics. 
 
 A-er-o-stat'ics. [ Aerostat'iea ; 
 
 from the same.] The doctrine of air, 
 its specific gravity, and properties in a 
 state of rest. 
 
 A-er-os-ta'tion. [Aerosfa'tio, 
 
 o 'nis; from a'er, and sto, sta'tum, to 
 “stand.”] Literally, “ standing (or being 
 suspended) in the air.” The raising and 
 supporting of heavy bodies by the buoy- 
 ancy of heated air or light gases re- 
 ceived into a spherical bag called a 
 balloon. 
 
 iE-ro'sus Fa'pis.* (“Coppery 
 Stone.”) A name for lajris calaminaris, 
 from the notion of its being a copper ore. 
 
 iE-ru'gau-©us, or iE-ru-gSn'e-©us. 
 [AErng’iBno's&ts; from seru'go, seru'ginis.] 
 Pertaining to copper-rust, or verdigris. 
 Applied to a bluish-green color like 
 verdigris, or like the leaves of some pine- 
 trees. 
 
 iE-ro'go,* gen . AE-ru'gin-is. [Con- 
 traction of se'ris rubi'go, the “ rust of cop* 
 23 
 
per.” See JEs.] The rust of a metal, 
 especially copper. The Pharmacopoeia! 
 name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) of the impure 
 subacetate of copper. See Verdigris. 
 
 iEs,* gen. iE'ris. The Latin term for 
 “copper” or “brass.” 
 
 iEs Co-riii'tlii-um.- [^Es, “brass,” 
 and Corin' thins, belonging to “Corinth.”] 
 A kind of brass produced, as it is said, by 
 an accidental mixture of metals at the 
 burning of Corinth. It appears, how- 
 ever, from Pliny, to have been in use in 
 Corinth long before the burning of that 
 city. 
 
 JEs ITs'tnm.* [^Es, “copper,” and 
 us'tus, “burnt;” from u'ro, us' turn, to 
 “burn.”] Burnt copper ; a preparation 
 consisting of equal parts of copper and 
 rough brimstone, laid in strata, with a 
 small quantity of common salt sprinkled 
 on each layer, and exposed to the fire 
 till the brimstone is burned out. It has 
 been called JEs Ven'eris ( Venus being one 
 of the ancient names for copper), uEs cre- 
 ma'tum , Ci'nis te'ris, Cro'cus Veneris, etc. 
 
 iEsculm, or dGsculine, es'ku-lin. 
 An alkaloid lately discovered in the bark 
 of the sEsculus Hippocastannm , or horse- 
 chestnut; supposed to be a febrifuge. 
 
 ^Estates,* es-ta'tez. [The nominative 
 plural of ses'tas, “summer.”] Heat-spots; 
 freckles; sunburnings. See Epiielis. 
 
 JEstliesia,* es-the'se-a. [From aiaQa- 
 vofxat, to “ perceive,” to “ feel.”] Per- 
 ception ; feeling ; sensibility. 
 
 AEstliesis,* es-the'sis. [From the 
 same.] Feeling or sensibility ; also, sense 
 or sensation. 
 
 AEs-lhet'ic. [AEstSaet'icas ; from 
 the same.] Pertaining to the under- 
 standing, or mental perception. The 
 Latin term, in the plural neuter {jEs- 
 thet'ica), forms the name of an order of 
 the class Neurotica in Dr. Good’s ar- 
 rangement. 
 
 yEs-tSiet'i©s. [yEsttiet'ica ; from 
 the same.] Literally, the science of the 
 sensations or perceptions. The science 
 which explains the cause of the pleasure 
 or displeasure derived from the contem- 
 plation of the works of nature or art. 
 
 AGs-tX-va'tion, or Es-ti-va'flion. 
 [vEstiva'tio, o'nis; from restUvo, irsti- 
 v a' turn , to “spend the summer,” to “re- 
 tire for the summer season.”] The state 
 in which the different parts of the flower 
 are folded in the bud : prefloration. 
 
 AEs-tu-a'rl-uiii.* [From trs'tus, 
 “heat,” “boiling water,” the “tide.”] 
 Literally, a place where there is boiling 
 or raging water: hence, an estuary ( i.e . 
 
 21 
 
 an arm of the sea, or part of a river in 
 which the tide rises). A stove for apply- 
 ing dry heat to all parts of the body at 
 once ; also a vapor-bath. 
 
 ABstus,* es'tus. (See preceding arti- 
 cle.) Heat, as well natural heat in in- 
 tense degree, as that which is the effect 
 of inflammatory disease. 
 
 JEs'tus Yo-lat/I-cus.* The sudden 
 flushing of the face; also Strophulus 
 rotations, or wild-fire rash of children. 
 
 AE'tas,*gen.iE-ta'tis. “Age.” Differ- 
 ent writers have designated different 
 stages in the life of man ; but perhaps 
 the most usual division is into five 
 periods, as follow : — 
 
 1. Infancy ( infan'tia ), generally con- 
 sidered to extend to about the seventh 
 year, or to the second dentition. 2. 
 Childhood (pueri'tia ), extending from 
 the seventh to the fourteenth or fifteenth 
 year, the period of puberty. 3. Adoles- 
 cence ( adolescen'tia ), or Youth, reaching 
 in males from the age of about fifteen to 
 twenty-five; in females, from thirteen 
 to twenty-one. 4. Adult Age, or Man- 
 hood ( viriVitas or se'tas viri'lis, the 
 “manly age”), extending from the close 
 of adolescence to about the fiftieth year. 
 5. Old Age ( senec'tus ), which compre- 
 hends the declining portion of life. 
 
 The Roman writers again subdivided 
 Manhood into different stages, as AS'tas 
 Firma'ta, the prime or full strength of 
 man, — the age from thirty to thirty-five; 
 se'tas Matu'ra, the age of maturity or 
 prudence, — the age of fifty. 
 
 Old age was variously subdivided, as 
 JE'tas Pkovec'ta, advanced age; aE'tas 
 Ingraves'cens, the age when the weight 
 of years begins to be sensibly felt; AS'tas 
 Decrep'ita or Crkp'ita, decrepit age: 
 reckoned from the sixtieth year, and end- 
 ing in death. 
 
 iE-tlie're-a.- [Neuter plural of sethe'- 
 rens, “ethereal.”] The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for preparations of 
 ether. See Ether. 
 
 iE'tM-ops,* or E'tlii-ops.* [From 
 aiO.op, “ black.”] A name anciently given 
 to several black powders. 
 
 yE'tliiops An-tl-mo-iil-a'lis.* A 
 term applied to a compound of ASthiops 
 mineral with the sulphuret of anfhnony. 
 
 JE'tlsiops Mar tial. An old name 
 for the deutoxide of iron. 
 
 yE'tliiops Min'e-ral. The black sul- 
 phuret of mercury (Hydrar' gyri Sulphu- 
 re'tum Ni'yrum). As an anthelmintic, it 
 has been called Poudre Vermifuge Mercu - 
 rielle (poodu veu'me'fuzh' meR'kU're-i»ir). 
 
iET 
 
 AFF 
 
 AE'tliiojw per se* (per se). The 
 name given by Boerhaave to the gray 
 oxide formed by long agitation of mer- 
 cury in a bottle half full of air. 
 
 JG'thiops Ve£-e-tat>'a-lis.* A name 
 given to a species of charcoal, prepared 
 by burning the Fuck a vesiculosus in the 
 open air and reducing it to a black 
 powder. 
 
 iEtBn'o-gen. [From alQog, “fire,” or 
 “light,” and ysvvixu, to “produce.”] A 
 compound of boron and nitrogen, which 
 gives a brilliant phosphorescent light 
 when heated before the blow-pipe. 
 
 Jl'thrbseope. [From aipOa, the 
 “clear sky,” and (tkottzm, to “observe.”] 
 An instrument invented by Sir John 
 Leslie for indicating the power of the 
 clouds in preventing radiation. It con- 
 sists of the differential thermometer, 
 having one of the balls excluded from 
 the light and the other placed in a 
 polished metallic cup. Exposed to a 
 clear part of the sky, the heat radiated 
 from it escapes rapidly, and the tem- 
 perature falls; exposed to a cloud, the 
 radiated heat is restored and there is no 
 reduction of temperature. 
 
 JSdlm'sa Cy-na'pl-um.* Lesser 
 Hemlock, or Fool’s Parsley; a plant of 
 the order Umbelliferse, possessing poi- 
 sonous properties. It yields an alkaloid 
 called cynapia. 
 
 A2-ti-ol'o-&y. [iEtiolo'gia; from 
 airia, “cause,” and Aoyo;, a “discourse.”] 
 The science of the causes of disease. 
 
 Aetites,* a-e-ti'tez. [From arrdj, an 
 “eagle,” A idog, a “stone,” being under- 
 stood.] Eagle-stone. A clay-ironstone, 
 hollow, and containing another substance 
 within it of variable composition. 
 
 Af-fee'tion. [Aflfec'tio, o r nis ; from 
 affi'cio , affec'tum , to “affect,” to “dis- 
 turb.”] Nearly synonymous with “ dis- 
 ease,” as inflammatory, nervous, or rheu- 
 matic affection, etc. 
 
 Afler-ens.* [From ad, “ to,” and fern, 
 to “bring.”] Applied to the lymphatic 
 vessels, or Vasa afferentia : aff'erent. 
 
 Afferentia,* af-fer-en'she-a, the plu- 
 ral neuter of Afferens, which see. 
 
 Af-fin'i-ty. [AMn'itas, a 'tis ; from 
 ad, “to,” “on,” and fi'nis, “boundary:” 
 affi'nis, “on the boundary,” “near,” 
 “connected with,” “neighboring.”] 
 Literally, “connection by marriage.” 
 That kind of attraction by which differ- 
 ent classes of substances combine to 
 form new substances, as in the case of an 
 alkali with an acid, forming a salt. As 
 marriage unites persons of different or 
 3 * 
 
 opposite sexes, so affinity unites sub* 
 stances of different and often opposite 
 qualities: e.g. a supporter of combustion 
 with a combustible, an alkali with an 
 acid, etc. Affinity is sometimes used, 
 but less appropriately, to denote attrac- 
 tion in a more general sense. See Af- 
 finity of Aggregation. 
 
 Single or Simple Affinity is the 
 power by which two elementary bodies 
 combine. 
 
 Elec'tive Affinity denotes the pre- 
 ference which one body manifests in 
 combining with another rather than 
 with a third or fourth, etc. 
 
 Double Elective Affinity occurs 
 when two compounds decompose each 
 other and two new compounds are 
 formed by an exchange of elements. 
 Thus, when sulphate of zinc and carbon- 
 ate of potassa are mixed, the sulphuric 
 acid leaves the zinc and unites with the 
 potassa, forming sulphate of potassa, 
 while the carbonic acid combines with 
 the zinc, producing carbonate of zinc. 
 
 Quies'cent Affinity is that which 
 tends to maintain the elements of a 
 compound in their present state, prevent- 
 ing decomposition. 
 
 Divel ; lent Affinity (from dioeVlo , 
 to “pull apart,” to “separate”) is that 
 which tends to arrange the particles of 
 a compound in a new form, producing 
 decomposition. In mixing different com- 
 pounds, if the sum total of the dicellent 
 be more powerful than that of the qui- 
 escent affinities, decomposition takes 
 place. 
 
 Disposing Affinity is that which 
 promotes the tendency of bodies to 
 combine in a particular way, by pre- 
 senting to them a third substance which 
 exerts a strong attraction to the com- 
 pound they form : when the combina- 
 tion has been effected, the third sub- 
 stance may be withdrawn. Some writers 
 call this tendency to unite the affinity 
 of intermedium, or intermediate affinity. 
 Berthollet styles it “reciprocal affinity.” 
 
 Afflai'ity of Ag , -g , re-g , a'tion. A force 
 by which two substances tend to com- 
 bine and form an aggregate, without 
 their properties being changed. An- 
 other term for the attraction of cohesion. 
 
 AfSin'ity, Chem'i-cal, or AfSiai'ity 
 proper. That property or attraction by 
 which different elements unite with each 
 other, forming new substances. Sea 
 Affinity. 
 
 Affinity, Intermediate. See Af- 
 finity (Disposing). 
 
 25 
 
AFF 
 
 AGG 
 
 Affinity, Vi'tal. That power which 
 forms the solids and fluids from the 
 common circulating fluids. 
 
 Af-fla'tus.* [From ad, "to,” “upon,” 
 and flo, fla' turn, to “blow.”] Applied to 
 a species of erysipelas, as if blown upon 
 by an unwholesome blast. 
 
 Ai-flux'us.* [From ad, “to” or 
 “ towards,” and Jlu'o, flux' urn or fluc'- 
 tum, to “flow.”] Afflux; a name given 
 in former times to a supposed reciprocal 
 influence of terrestrial bodies: it was 
 compared to the effect of a magnet on 
 iron, and of amber on chaff. Ajfluxus or 
 afflux is also used to denote the flow or 
 determination of blood or other fluid of 
 the body to a particular part. 
 
 Af- fu'$ ion. [Affu'sio, o '»?»/ from 
 ad, “to,” “upon,” and fun' do, fu' sum, to 
 “pour.”] The pouring of water on a 
 substance to cleanse it. Applied to the 
 pouring on a patient, in certain fevers, 
 of a liberal quantity of cold water : the 
 cold affusion. To this head some writers 
 refer Lotions, Aspersions, Shower- 
 Baths, which will be n t.iced in their 
 alphabetical places. 
 
 Af'ter-Birtli. The common English 
 term for the placenta, cord, and mem- 
 branes, or secundines. 
 
 Af'ter-Pains. Those pains, more or 
 less severe, after expulsion of the after- 
 birth, from the contractile efforts of the 
 uterus to return to its normal condition. 
 
 Agalacta'tio. See Agalactia. 
 
 Ag-a-lac'tl-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 ya\a, ydXaxrog, “milk.”] Deficiency of 
 milk after child-birth. 
 
 A-gami-cus.^ [From a, priv., and 
 ydyLoq, “ marriage.”] Sometimes applied, 
 in Botany, to plants the sexual organs 
 of which cannot be detected: crypto- 
 gamic. 
 
 Ag'am-ous. [From the same.] Sex- 
 less. A term applied to the cryptogamous 
 plants, from the notion that they possess 
 no sexual characters. 
 
 A-gar'i-euin.* [Said to be derived 
 from Aga'ria, or Ag'arum, a region of 
 Sarmatia, where it was first discovered.] 
 The agaric, a species of mushroom. 
 
 A-gar'i-cus. i: [See preceding arti- 
 cle.] The generic name of the mush- 
 room family, order Fungi , class Grypto- 
 gamia. 
 
 Agar'icus ('am-pcs'tris.- The 
 Linnuean name of the common eatable 
 mushroom of Europe. 
 
 Agar'icus Clii-riir-go'ruin.* 
 
 (“Surgeon’s Agaric.”) See Agaricus 
 Quercus. 
 
 26 
 
 Agar'icus Min-e-ra'lis.* (“Mine- 
 ral Agaric.”) The mountain milk or meal 
 of the Germans; one of the purest of the 
 native carbonates of lime, found in clefts 
 of rocks, etc. It is named from its re- 
 semblance to an agaric in texture and 
 color. 
 
 Agar'icus Quer'ciis.* (“Agaric of 
 the Oak.”) Bole’tus Tgnia'rius, or Touch- 
 wood : a fungus formerly used for ar- 
 resting external haemorrhages. 
 
 Ag'ate. [From Acha'tes, a river of 
 Sicily where agates, it is said, were first 
 discovered.] A hard siliceous stone, used 
 by lapidaries for engraving seals, ca- 
 meos, and other objects of ornament. 
 It is composed of chalcedony blended 
 with jasper, quartz, and other minerals. 
 
 A-ga've A-mer-i-ca'na.* The Amer- 
 ican Aloe. 
 
 Aga've Cu-ben'sis.* A species of 
 American aloe, the roots of which 
 resemble the red sarsaparilla off the 
 shops. 
 
 Age. See JEtas. 
 
 Agedoite. See Asparagin. 
 
 Agenesia. See Agennesia. 
 
 A-gen'e-sis.* [From a, priv., and 
 yzvvain, to “beget,” or yivin, to “be born.”] 
 Applied to anomalies of organization, 
 consisting in the absence or imperfect 
 development of parts. 
 
 Agennesia,'-- aj-en-ne'se-a, or A- 
 geune-sis.* [From the same.] Impo- 
 tence, sterility. 
 
 A'gent. [A'gens; from a! go, to 
 “act” or “do.”] Any power or influ- 
 ence which produces an effect on the 
 human body. Thus, we speak of a 
 “morbific agent,” that is, something 
 which causes disease. In Chemistry, a 
 substance capable of producing chemical 
 action or a change in the composition of 
 bodies. 
 
 Agerasia,* aj-e-ra'se-a. [From a, 
 priv., and ynpag, “ old age.”] The non-ap- 
 pearance of the effects or infirmities of 
 old age: a green old age. 
 
 A-ger'a-tum. ;: [Gr. dyripSrov.'] See 
 Achillea Ageratum. 
 
 Ageusia. See Ageustia. 
 
 Agcustia,* a-gus'te-a. [From a, priv., 
 and yeixng, “tasting.”] Loss of taste. A 
 genus of the order Dyssesthesise, class 
 Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ag-gloin'er-ate, or Ag-glom'er- 
 at-e<l. [Agglomera'tus; from ag- 
 glom'ero, agglomeraf turn (from ad, “to,” 
 “on,” and glo'mus, a “ball”), to “wind 
 upon a ball,” to “gather into a ball.”] 
 Applied to glands. Applied also to the 
 
AGG 
 
 AGR 
 
 stamens of plants when collected in a 
 globular form ; and to amenta , or catkins, 
 similarly disposed. 
 
 Ag-glu'tl-iiant. [ Agglu'tinans ; 
 
 from acf, “ to,” and glu'tino, glutina' turn, 
 to “glue.”] Applied to external appli- 
 cations of a gluey nature, which favor 
 the healing of parts by keeping them 
 together. 
 
 Ag-glii-ti-na'tion. [Agglutina'tio, 
 
 ©'»/*/ from the same.] A gluing or join- 
 ing together: also the action of an ag- 
 glutinant substance. See Collesis. 
 
 Agglutination, Im-me'di-ate. 
 Union by the first intention. 
 
 Agglutination, He'di-ate. The in- 
 terposing of some substance between the 
 lips of a wound, or the flaps after ampu- 
 tation; as agaric, charpie, or lint, on 
 which cerate is first spread. 
 
 Ag'gre-gate. [Aggregatus; from 
 ag'grego, aggrega' turn (from ud, “to” or 
 “together,” and grex , gre'gis, a “herd,” 
 “flock,” or “crowd”), to “crowd to- 
 gether,” to “gather together.”] Applied 
 to flowers which have a number of 
 smaller flowers collected into clusters. 
 Applied also, in Chemistry, to several 
 substances of the same kind producing 
 one, its chemical properties not differing 
 from theirs. In the plural neuter {Ag- 
 grega' ta) it forms the name of a family 
 of the Mollusca, Acephala nuda, which 
 are united in a common mass. See Ag- 
 glomerate. 
 
 Ag'gregate. A body or mass made 
 up of smaller bodies or masses. The 
 smallest parts into which an aggregate 
 can be divided without destroying its 
 chemical properties are called integrant 
 parts, 
 
 Ag-gre-gation. [From the same.] 
 A collection of many individual par- 
 ticles, etc., into a cluster or mass. Also, 
 a form of attraction, commonly called 
 that of cohesion, by which the particles 
 of bodies are aggregated, or retained in 
 the state of a solid. 
 
 Ag-i-ta'tion. [Agitati®, Wnis ; 
 from ag'ito, agita'tum, to “shake,” to 
 “agitate.”] The act of putting into 
 active or violent motion. Mental emo- 
 tion, from the violence of some prevail- 
 ing passion. 
 
 Ag'li-a.* [Gr. dy\irj.~\ A whitish speck 
 on the cornea of the eye. 
 
 Ag-l©-l>uti-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 glob' ulus, a “globule.”] Decrease or 
 vl minution in the quantity of blood- 
 globules. 
 
 Ag-lu-tition. [Aglutiti®, o'nis; 
 
 from a, priv., and glu'tio , glut i' turn, to 
 “swallow.”] Inability to swallow. See 
 Dysphagia. 
 
 Ag-nitia Mem-fora'iia.* [From 
 
 ag'nus, a “lamb,” and membra' na, a 
 “membrane.”] The name given to one 
 of the membranes of the foetus, on ac- 
 count of its tenderness. The same as 
 the amnion. 
 
 Agnitia Tutil-ca.* [From ag'nus, a 
 “lamb,” and tu'nica, a “coat.”J The 
 lamb’s coat; the amnion. 
 
 Agnoea,* ag-ne'a. [From ayvoto), to 
 “be ignorant.”] The state of a patient 
 who does not recognize persons or things. 
 
 Ag'nus Cas'tus.* The chaste tree, a 
 species of Vitcx, formerly celebrated as 
 an antaphrodisiac. This name has also 
 been given to Castor Oil, or the oil of 
 Jlicinus communis, from its effects upon 
 the body and mind. 
 
 A-gom-phi'a-sis.* [From a, priv., 
 and gomphd sis, the “insertion of the 
 teeth in their sockets.”] Looseness of 
 the teeth. 
 
 A-go'na-a.* [From a, priv., and yovog, 
 “seed,” “offspring.”] Sterility, or bar- 
 renness. 
 
 Ag'o-ny. [From ayov, a “contest,” 
 a “struggle.”] The last struggle of life, 
 closing in death. 
 
 A-grestis.* [From a'ger, a'gri, a 
 “field.”] Pertaining to a field; the 
 specific name of many plants. 
 
 A'gri-a.* [Gr. aypia, the “holly.” 
 Another name for the Aquifolium, c 
 holly. 
 
 A'gri a.* [From ayptog , “wild,” “un- 
 tamable.”] A pustular eruption, with 
 redness and erosion; named from its in- 
 tractability. 
 
 Ag-ri-am'pe-los.* [From uypiog , 
 “wild,” and apnreXog, the “vine.”] An- 
 other name for the Bryonia alba, or wild 
 vine. 
 
 Ag'ra-mo-aiy. [ Agrimo'nia Enpa- 
 to'ria.] A plant of the order Rosacex, 
 used as an astringent and stomachic. 
 
 Ag-ri-o-aug'a-nusn.* [From aypiog , 
 “wild,” and dpiyavov, “marjoram.”] The 
 Orig'anum vulga're, or wild marjoram. 
 
 Ag-ri=©-tBiym'i»a.* [From dypiog , 
 “wild,” and 0vp.6g, “passion,” “rage.”] 
 Furious insanity. 
 
 A-grip'g>a.* [As if JEgrippa, from 
 segre partus , “born with difficulty.”] 
 A term applied to children born with 
 the feet foremost. Hence the name of 
 some celebrated Romans. 
 
 Ag-ros-tog'ra-play. [Agrosto- 
 gra'pliia; from aypowTig, a kind of 
 27 
 
A Git 
 
 ALB 
 
 * grass,” am* ypifyw, to “ write.”] A trea- 
 tise on grasses. 
 
 A-gryp'nl-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 vnvus, “ sleep.”] Sleeplessness ; watchful- 
 ness, or wakefulness. 
 
 A-gryp-no-co'ma, a tie.* [From 
 aypvnvos, “sleepless,” and Kiopa, “ lethar- 
 gy/"] A lethargic state of wakefulness, 
 with low muttering delirium, aptly ex- 
 pressed otherwise by the term Coma-vigil. 
 
 A'gue. [Supposed to be derived from 
 the Gothic agis , “trembling.”] The 
 common name for intermittent fever. 
 
 Ague-Cake. [Placen'ta Febri'- 
 lis.] Enlargement of the spleen, the 
 effect of protracted ague. 
 
 A'gue-Drop. A solution of arseniate 
 of potash ; Fowler’s tasteless ague-drop, 
 for which the Liquor arseuicalis is sub- 
 stituted. It is used as a remedy in in- 
 termittent fevers. 
 
 A'gue-Tree. Another name for sas- 
 safras, given on account of its virtues as 
 a febrifuge. 
 
 A-gyr'ta.^ Formerly, a mountebank ; 
 a person who collected a crowd about 
 him; a quack. 
 
 Ali-ri'zous. [ ABirizus ; from a, 
 priv., and pi^a, a “root.”] Applied to cer- 
 tain dicotyledonous plants, because repro- 
 duced by sporulse, without radicles, strik- 
 ing root from any part of their surface. 
 
 Air. [Lat. A'er, A'eris: Gr. drip ; 
 from aw, to “breathe.”] The natural 
 air, or atmosphere: atmospheric air. 
 When pure, it consists of about 20 parts 
 (in the hundred) of oxygen and 80 of 
 nitrogen; it contains also a small quan- 
 tity of carbonic acid, the proportion of 
 which varies greatly according to circum- 
 stances, being far more abundant in the 
 air of a densely peopled city than in the 
 country. 
 
 Air Bag, or Air Bladder. See 
 
 Vesica Natatoria. 
 
 Air, Fixed. [A'er Fix'tas.] Car- 
 bonic acid gas. 
 
 Air, In-flam'ma-ble. Hydrogen gas. 
 
 Air Pump. A machine by which 
 the air in a vessel may be withdrawn. 
 
 Air, Vi'tal (formerly called dephlo- 
 gisticated air, empyrial air, etc.) is a 
 term applied to oxygen gas, from its 
 being indispensable to life. 
 
 Akinesia. See Acinesia. 
 
 AI. The Arabic article signifying 
 “the,” prefixed to many terms formerly 
 in use; as al-chemy, al-kahest, al-cohol, 
 etc. 
 
 A'la,* plural A'lse. [Supposed to be 
 a contraction of axil' la, the “armpit.”] 
 28 
 
 A wing. Applied, in Anatomy, to parts, 
 from their resemblance to a wing, as alse 
 nasi, “ wings of the nose,” etc. ; also, to 
 the armpit. In Botany it is applied to 
 the side petals of papilionaceous flowers, 
 and angles formed by leaves or stalks 
 with their branches, etc. 
 
 Al-a-bas'ter. [Lat. ABabastri'tes, 
 and Alabaster; Gr. dXafJcuTrpo;, and dXI- 
 3airpoy.'] A species of white gypsum (sul- 
 phate of lime), used for ornamental pur- 
 poses. The name is also sometimes ap- 
 plied to a form of carbonate of lime. 
 
 Al-a-bas'trami.* [From the same.] 
 A term applied to the five green leaves 
 forming the calyx of some flowers before 
 the expansion of the bud, from a sup- 
 posed resemblance to an alabaster box. 
 
 AlreMa-jo'res.* (“ Larger Wings.”) 
 Another term for the labia externa of the 
 pudenda. See Labia Pudendi. 
 
 A'lae Mi-no'res. !: (“ Lesser Wings.”) 
 A term applied to the two small folda 
 formed by the nymphm. 
 
 A'l;e Na'si.* (“Wings of the Nose.”) 
 The lateral or movable cartilaginous 
 parts of the nose. 
 
 A'Sse Ves-per-til-i-o'nis.* (“Bat’s 
 Wings.”) The broad ligaments situated 
 between the uterus and the Fallopian 
 tubes. 
 
 Alseformis. See Aliform. 
 
 A-fia'li-a.* [From a, priv., and XaXrw, 
 to “speak.”] A defect of articulation. 
 
 A-laia'tiue. A starch-like powder, ob- 
 tained from the Angelica Archangelica. 
 
 A-la'res \Vitae.* [SccAlaris.] The 
 superficial veins at the bend of the aim. 
 
 A-Ia'ri-a Os'sa.* The lateral pro- 
 cesses of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 A-la'ris,* plural A -la res and A-la r - 
 ri-a. [From a'la, a “wing.”] Wing-like: 
 applied to the pterygoid processes of 
 the sphenoid bone, to a ligament within 
 the knee-joint, and to the inner veins of 
 the bend of the arm. 
 
 A'lalo. [Ala'tus; from ala, a 
 “wing.”] Winged, as certain stems and 
 leaf-stalks having side membranes. 
 
 Arbi-caus,* neuter plural Albieait- 
 tfia, al-be kan'she-a. [From al'bico , to 
 “grow white.”] Applied (in the plural) 
 to two small bodies on the base of the 
 brain, the Corpora albicantia. 
 
 Al-bi-cau'lis.* [From al f bus, u white,” 
 and cau'/is, a “stem.”] Having a white 
 stem : albicau'line. 
 
 Al-bi-dac'ty-lus,* or Al-bo-dnr'fy ■ 
 Ins.* [From al’hus , “white,” and <Wrn- 
 Xoj, a “finger.”] Having whice, digitated 
 wings. 
 
ALB 
 
 ALC 
 
 Al-bl-flo'rus.* [From al'bus ,“ white,” 
 and Jios, Jlo'ris, a “flower.”] Having 
 white flowers. 
 
 Al-bi-ner'vus.* [From al'bus , 
 “white,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] Hav- 
 ing white nervures. 
 
 Al'bi-nisni. [From al'bus , “white.”] 
 A diseased state, in which the skin is of a 
 uniform dull, milky white color; the hair 
 resembles bleached flax or silk; the iris 
 is pink, and the retina and choroid, seen 
 through the pupil, present another shade 
 of the same color; the sight is weak, 
 and strongest in the dark. 
 
 Al-bi'iio. A term applied to an indi- 
 vidual marked by the above character- 
 istics. There is the Ethiopian variety, 
 found among negroes, and the European , 
 found among Europeans and other white 
 nations. See Leucopatiiia. 
 
 Albino-Skim. See Albinism. 
 
 Al'bite. [Probably a contraction of 
 al'bus, “white,” and li'thos, a “stone.] 
 Soda Felspar , a silicate of alumina, re- 
 sembling felspar in its properties, with 
 the substitution of soda for potash. 
 
 Al-bi-ven'feay* Al-bi-ven'tris.* 
 [From al'bus, “ white,” and ven'ter, the 
 “ belly.”] Having a white belly. 
 
 Al-bm-gin'e-oms. [Albugin'eus ; 
 from alba' (jo, alb u' jin is, the “white of 
 the eye.”] White like the sclerotic coat 
 of the eye; also, pertaining to albumen, 
 or white of egg. Applied to a membrane 
 of the eye, also to a covering of the tes- 
 ticles, each named Tu'nica albufjin'ea. 
 
 Al-bii'g 1 ©,* gen. Al-bii'gl-nis. [From 
 al'bus, “white.”] The white of the eye; 
 sometimes the white of egg, or albumen. 
 A white opacity of the cornea, not superfi- 
 cial, but affecting its very substance ; also 
 called the “pin and web.” See Argema 
 and Leucoma. 
 
 Al'bimi Crriecum* (gre'kum). Ster'- 
 cus ca'nis. The white and solid excre- 
 ment of dogs which subsist chiefly on 
 bones. It consists, for the most part, of 
 the earth of bones or lime, in combina- 
 tion with phosphoric acid. It was for- 
 merly used in medicine; it is now some- 
 times used to soften leather in the 
 process of dressing it after the depilatory 
 action of lime. 
 
 Album Ni'graim.* The excrement 
 of mice and rats ; formerly used both 
 externally and internally as a remedy, 
 but now very properly abandoned. 
 
 Al-bn'mcm,* gen. Al-bai'miai-is. 
 [From al'bus, “ white.”] The white of an 
 egg. A peculiar constituent principle, of 
 essentially the same character as the al- 
 
 bumen of an egg, found in the animal and 
 vegetable kingdoms. It is distinguished 
 by its property of coagulability on the 
 application of heat. 
 
 Animal albumen is the chief solid in- 
 gredient in the white of eggs : it also 
 enters largely into the composition of 
 blood, muscles, etc. It may be obtained 
 pure by coagulating the white of an egg 
 with alcohol, washing thoroughly with 
 that fluid, and then drying it at the 
 temperature of 120° Fahrenheit. 
 
 Albumen, Vegetable. See Vege- 
 table Albumen. 
 
 Al-bn'mI-noi<l. [Albuminos'des; 
 
 from albu'men, and el'og, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling albumen. Often used in the 
 sense of Proteinaceous. See Protein. 
 
 Al-bu'mi-nose. [From albu'men .] 
 A product of digestion found in the chyle 
 and blood. It differs from albumen in 
 not being coagulable by heat. 
 
 A14»ii'min-ous. [Albuinino^us.] 
 Containing or resembling albumen. 
 
 Al-bu-imnii-u'ri-a.* [From albu'men , 
 and uri'na, “urine.”] An albuminous 
 state of the urine. See Nephritis Al- 
 
 BUMINOS A. 
 
 Al-bur'mim.* [From al'bus, 
 
 “white.”] The soft white substance 
 between the inner bark and the wood 
 of trees. See Sap-Wood. 
 
 Alcana. See Alkana. 
 
 Al-car'£en. Another name for Ca- 
 codylic Acid, which see. 
 
 Alchemy, al'kem-e. [Alelic'mia, 
 or Alchym'ia. Supposed to be derived 
 from the Arabic definite article al, and 
 Xton"-, a “melting” or “pouring.”] A chi- 
 merical art which proposed to find out 
 the means of effecting the transmutation 
 of metals and preparing a remedy for 
 all diseases. 
 
 Alelios'iiea Jhati folia. See Alcor- 
 
 noque. 
 
 Alchymy. See Alchemy. 
 
 Al-ca-cor'nis.* [From al'ce, an “elk,” 
 and co/nu, a “horn.”] Having horns, 
 or similar objects, like those of the elk. 
 
 Aleoate. See Alcoholates. 
 
 Al'eo-liol, or Al'ko-Ssol. [From 
 the Arabic definite article al, and kohol, 
 an “impalpable powder,” “something 
 very subtle.”] The Pharmacopoeia! name 
 (U. S. and Br. Ph.) for rectified spirits. 
 A term applied to the pure spirit ob- 
 tained by distillation from all liquids 
 which have undergone vinous fermenta- 
 tion. When diluted with an equal weight 
 of water, it is termed Proof spirit, or 
 Spiritus tenuior of the Pharmacopoeia* 
 29 
 
ALC 
 
 ALG 
 
 The first product of distillation is tech- 
 nically called low wine, and is again 
 subjected to distillation. The latter por- 
 tions of what comes over are called 
 feints, and are reserved for a further 
 process in the wash-still. The second 
 product is termed raw spirit, and when 
 again distilled is called rectified spirit. 
 The strongest alcohol which can be pro- 
 cured is termed Absolute Alcohol, or 
 Anhydrous Alcohol, to denote its entire 
 freedom from water. 
 
 Aficolnol, Absolute. See Alcohol. 
 
 Al'cofiiol Am-mo-ni-a'tum.* The 
 Spiritus ammo'nise at omat'icus. A com- 
 bination of alcohol and ammonia, pre- 
 pared by passing ammoniacal gas into 
 alcohol, which must be kept cool. 
 
 Alcohol Amylicuin. See Fusel Oil. 
 
 Al'co-liol-ates. [FromoZVoAoZ.] Ap- 
 plied to officinal medicines, differing from 
 alcoholic tinctures, first, in the men- 
 struum containing ‘one volatile principles 
 of medicinal substances, and, secondly, 
 in their mode of separation, which con- 
 sists in impregnating the alcohol with 
 medicinal principles, first by maceration 
 and then by distillation. 
 
 Al-co-lio3'ic. [AlcoSsol'icus; from 
 al'cohol . ] Pertaining to alcohol. 
 
 Al'co-liol-ism. A diseased con- 
 dition of the system resulting from the 
 use of alcoholic drinks. 
 
 Al-co-hol-i-za'tiora. The develop- 
 ment of alcohol in a liquid. 
 
 Al-co-lio-lom'e-ter. [Alcoltolom'- 
 etrum ; from al'cohol, and y irpov, a “ mea- 
 sure.”] An instrument for ascertaining 
 the quantity of alcohol in any fluid. 
 
 Alcohouieter. See Alcoholometer. 
 
 Alcornoque, al v koR v nok'. (Fr.) The 
 bark of the Alchornea latifolia, growing 
 in the West Indies and South America. 
 It is bitter and tonic, and has by some 
 been regarded as a specific in phthisis. 
 
 Al'?y-on,* gen. Al-$y'o-nis. [Gr. 
 (iXkvov; from uXj, the “sea,” and kvco, to 
 “conceive,” because said to hatch its eggs 
 in the sea.] A bird of the swallow kind, 
 found in Cochin China and the Philip- 
 pine Islands, whose nest, composed 
 chiefly of a gelatinous matter, possesses 
 nutritious properties, is esteemed as an 
 article of diet in China, and used as an 
 analeptic and aphrodisiac. 
 
 Al'de-ltyde. [From al, first syllable 
 of al'cohol , and de-hyd, first two of de- 
 hydrorjena'tus, “deprived of hydrogen.”] 
 A colorless liquid of a suffocating odor, 
 and readily absorbing oxygen from the 
 atmosphere. 
 
 30 
 
 Al-de-hyd'ic. [Aldehyd'icus? 
 
 from al'dehyde .] Pertaining to alde- 
 hyde. 
 
 Alder. See Alnus. 
 
 Ale. The fermented infusion of pale 
 malted barley, usually combined with 
 infusion of hops. 
 
 Al-ec-tru'rous. [Alectru'rns ; 
 
 from dXeKTwp, a “cock,” and dupd, a 
 “tail.”] Having a tail like the cock’s. 
 
 A-lem'bic. [Alem'bicus ; from the 
 Arabic al, and aydi^, a “cup” or “pot.”] 
 A glass, metal, or earthenware utensil, 
 fitted to receive volatile products from 
 retorts. 
 
 A-lem'brotb. [Said to signify, in 
 Chaldaic, the “key to art or knowledge.”] 
 The Salt of Wisdom of the Alchemists. 
 A muriate of mercury and ammonia, 
 corresponding to the Hydrargyrum 
 prsecipita'tum al'bum of the London 
 Pharmacopoeia. It is a compound of 
 bichloride of mercury and sal ammoniac. 
 
 Al'e-tris Far-i-aao'sa.* Star-grass. A 
 plant of the natural order Asphodclise. 
 It is intensely bitter, and is used as a 
 tonic. 
 
 Al-ex-aai'dra-a.* [Named from the 
 place of its growth.] The name for the 
 Pru'nus laurocer' asus ; the Alexandrian 
 laurel. 
 
 Alexijpbarmacoii. See Alexi- 
 
 PHARMIC. 
 
 A-lex-i-plsar'mic. [Alexiphar'- 
 
 micus; from dXi^ut, to “ward off,” to 
 “protect,” and (pappaxov, a “poison.”] 
 Antipharmic ; neutralizing the effects of 
 poison. 
 
 A-lex-i-py-rei/ic. [Alexipy ret' fi- 
 cus; from dXi£o), and xvperds, a “fever.”] 
 Driving off fevers : febrifuge. 
 
 Aldze, or Alfcse, d'liVz'. [From dXs* w, 
 to “protect.”] A cloth folded several 
 times in order to protect the bed from 
 discharges of blood, etc. 
 
 Al'gra.* An herb or weed growing on 
 the sea-shore: sea-weed. 
 
 Algacese,* al-ga'shc-e. An order of 
 plants including the Alyee or sea- weeds. 
 They consist of leafless, flowerless 
 plants, without any distinct axis of 
 vegetation, growing in water. 
 
 Al*ysB,#al'je, the plural of Al'ga, a 
 “sea-weed,” forming the Jussieuan name 
 of a natural order of plants. See Fuca- 
 
 CEA5. 
 
 Al'^a-rotb. [From Victor Algarotti , 
 a physician of Verona.] The oxide of 
 antimony in the form of a white powder. 
 
 Al-&e'do, d'tm«.*[From dXy og, “pain.”] 
 Violent pain about the urethra, testes, 
 
ALG 
 
 ALK 
 
 bladder, perinaeum, and anus, caused by 
 sudden stoppage of severe gonorrhoea. 
 
 Al'&id. [Al'gidus; from al'yeo, to 
 “be cold,” to “ sutler from cold.’’] Chilled 
 with cold. 
 
 Al'&id C3iol'e-ra. [Choi era Al'- 
 gida.J Applied to Asiatic cholera, on 
 account of the diminution of temperature, 
 this being one of its chief characteristic 
 symptoms. 
 
 Al'gi-da Fe'bris.* A term for a ma- 
 lignant remittent fever, the Fievre alyide 
 (fe-ivR' &l v zh£d') of the continent, char- 
 acterized by icy coldness on the sur- 
 face. 
 
 Al-go-i'deS.* [From al'ga, a “sea- 
 weed/’ and dSo;, a “ form.”] Resembling 
 the al'ga: al'goid. 
 
 Al'gor, o'ri*.* [From al'yeo, to “ bo 
 cold.”] The sense of coldness in the 
 onset of fever : chillness. See Rigor. 
 
 Al'i-ble. [Alib'ilis; from a'lo , to 
 “nourish.”] Nutritious. 
 
 Al'i-ca.* [From the same.] A kind 
 of grain like wheat, supposed to be spelt, 
 from which the ancients made their 
 tisanes ; also a kind of pottage made of 
 this. 
 
 Alices,* al'e-sez. [From aXt£o>, to 
 “sprinkle.”] Spots on the skin pre- 
 ceding the eruption of small-pox. 
 
 A'lien-ate, or A'lien-at-ed. [Alie- 
 iia'tus; from alie'no , aliena’ turn, to “es- 
 trange,” to “ withdraw,” to “ put away.”] 
 Applied in Botany to first leaves, which 
 give way to others different. 
 
 Alienation, al'yen-a'shun. [Alie- 
 na'tio, ©'mis/ from the same.] Any 
 species of derangement or wandering of 
 toe mind. 
 
 Aliena'tion of Mind. Applied 
 more especially to insanity , as distinct 
 from derangements symptomatic of some 
 other disease, as delirium, etc. 
 
 Al'i-form. [Alifor'mis; from a'la , 
 a “wing.”] Having the form of a wing: 
 pterygoid. 
 
 Al'i-mant. [Alimen'tum ; from 
 a'lo, to “nourish.”] That which affords 
 nourishment. See Alitura, Pabulum. 
 
 Al-i-men'ta-ry. [Alimenta'rius ; 
 from a'lo , to “nourish.”] Pertaining 
 to aliment; nourishing. 
 
 Alimen'tary Ca-nal'. The entire 
 passage (from the mouth to the anus) 
 through which the aliment or food 
 passes. 
 
 Alimen'tary Duct. [Duc'tus Ali- 
 menta'rius.] A name sometimes ap- 
 plied to the thoracic duct. 
 
 Al-i*men-ta'ti©n. [Alimenta'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from alimen'tum.] The act of 
 taking or receiving nourishment. 
 
 Al-I-pse'nos,* Al-I-pae'nus.* [From 
 a, priv., and \nuxivoj, to' “make fat.”] 
 Applied to very lean persons; also to 
 dry external remedies, as powders, etc. 
 
 Alipede, al'e-ped. [Al'ipes; from 
 a’la, a “ wing,” and pes,pe’ dis, a “ foot.”] 
 Having winged feet. See Cheirop- 
 TERUS. 
 
 A-lis'fiiia Plan-ta'g’O,* or Plan- 
 ta'go A-quat'i-ca.* The water-plan- 
 tain, a medicinal plant formerly regarded 
 as efficacious in cases of hydrophobia. 
 
 Al-is-ina'ceous. [Allsma'ceus ; 
 from alis'ma, the “water-plantain.”] 
 Having an arrangement similar to that 
 in the alis'ma. In the plural feminine 
 ( Alismacese , al-is-ma'she-e) applied to a 
 natural order of plants. 
 
 A-lis'moid. [Alismoi'dcs; from 
 alis'ma, and eidog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling the alisma. 
 
 Al-I-splie'noid. [Alisplicnoi'dcs ; 
 
 from a'la, a “wing,” and os sphenoi'des , 
 the “sphenoid bone.”] Applied by 
 Owen to the middle or great wing of the 
 sphenoid bono. 
 
 Al-I-tu'ra.* [From a’lo, al’itum, to 
 “nourish.”] The process of assimilation 
 or nutrition; food or nourishment; ali- 
 ment. 
 
 Alizarin, or Alizarine, 4-liz'a-rin. 
 [Alizari na.] A coloring matter ex- 
 tracted from madder ( Ru'bia tincto'rum), 
 called in France alizari (&'le v z&'re'). 
 
 Al'ka-iiest. The pretended universal 
 solvent or menstruum of the ancient 
 chemists. But, if it dissolves all sub- 
 stances, in what vessels can it be con- 
 tained ? 
 
 Al-ka-Ies'^ent. [Alkales'cens ; 
 
 from aVkali, and -es'co, a Latin termina- 
 tion signifying to “grow,” to “become.”] 
 Having slightly alkaline qualities : be- 
 coming alkaline. 
 
 Alkali, al'ka-le. [From the Arabic 
 al, definite article, and ka’li, the plant 
 from which soda was first obtained.] 
 A substance of peculiar properties, 
 uniting with acids in definite propor- 
 tions, thus forming salts, and having 
 the power to change vegetable blues to 
 green. It may be said to be the reverse 
 of an acid, the properties of which, by 
 combination, it neutralizes. 
 
 Al'kali, Caus'tic. [Al'kali€aus'- 
 ticum,] An alkali in a pure state ; in 
 which it possesses strong caustic powers. 
 Usually, caustic potash. 
 
 Al'kali, Fixed. Applied to potash 
 31 
 
ALK 
 
 ALL 
 
 and soda, because they are permanently 
 in a solid state. 
 
 Al kali, Fos'sil; Al kali, Mm'e- 
 
 val. Other names for soda. 
 
 Alkali, Fhlo-gis'ti-cat-eil; Al'- 
 kali, Prussian. Applied to a fixed 
 alkali when mixed with an animal sub- 
 stance, and lixiviated, because it is then 
 found to be saturated with Prussic acid; 
 and from a former theory of this com- 
 bination it received the first name. 
 
 Al'kali, Veg-'c-la-Me. Another term 
 for ,* otash. 
 
 A 1' kali, Aol'a-talc. Another name 
 for ammonia, given on account of its 
 volatile nature. 
 
 Al-ka-ligf'eEii-miis. [Alkali^'caus; 
 from al'kali, and yewau, to “ generate. ”] 
 Producing alkaline qualities. 
 
 Al-ka-lim'e-ter. [Alkalfm'e- 
 truiii; from al’kali, and pkrpov, a 
 “ measure/’] An instrument for ascer- 
 taining the quantity of alkali in impure 
 potash or soda. 
 
 Al-ka-lim'e-try. [Alkalfme'tria ; 
 
 from al’kali, and pcrptoj, to “measure.”] 
 The process by which the amount of 
 free alkali in various substances is de- 
 termined. 
 
 Al'ka-line. [Alkali'niis ; from 
 al'kali .] Having the properties of an 
 alkali. 
 
 Al-ka-lin'i-ty. [Alkalin'itas, 
 
 The peculiar properties of an 
 
 alkali. 
 
 Al-kal-i-za'tion. [ Alkaliza'tio.] 
 
 The act of imparting alkaline qualities. 
 
 Al'ka-loRl. [ABkaloi'des; from 
 al'kali, and dcog, a “ form.”] Resembling 
 an alkali. Applied as a noun to the 
 alkaline principles found in vegetables. 
 
 Al'ka-na, or Al'ca-na. The name 
 of the root and leaves of the Lauso'nia 
 Iner'mis, a plant employed in the East 
 for dyeing the nails, teeth, hair, gar- 
 ments, etc. See Henxe. 
 
 Al'ka-net Root. [From the Arabic 
 al'kanah, a “reed.”] The root of the 
 Anchusa Tinctoria, which see. 
 
 Alkekenge, al'ke-kenj. Winter- 
 cherry; the fruit of the Phi/ s’ alls Alke- 
 kengi, used in nephritis, dysuria, as- 
 cites, etc. 
 
 Alkohol. Sec Alcohol. 
 
 Alla-nate. The name of a mineral 
 containing cerium, found in Greenland, 
 and named in honor of Mr. Allan, who 
 first distinguished it as a species. 
 
 Al-lan-to'ic. [ Allanto'icus ; from 
 allan’tois .] Relonging to the allan- 
 tois. 
 
 Allanto'ic A^'id. The substance 
 Allantoin. 
 
 Al-lan'toid. [ Allantoi'des ; from 
 
 dXXdg, dXXd^Tog, and ridog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a sausage. 
 
 Allan toid Mem brane. A mem- 
 brane communicating with the bladder 
 by the urachus, and containing the foetal 
 urine : it exists in almost all the Mam- 
 malia. Also termed Allantois. 
 
 Al-laav'to-m. [Allantoi'na ; from 
 allan’tois.] The nitrogenous constituent 
 of the urine of the foetus of the cow. 
 Also termed Allantoic. Acid. 
 
 Al-lan'to-is, i’dis* [From aXXag, 
 dXXai/Tog, a “ sausage,” and eitiog, a “ form.”] 
 The human allantois is a small, very 
 vascular vesicle, sprouting from the end 
 of the embryo. Also synonymous with 
 Allantoid membrane. 
 
 Al-lan-to-tox'X-citm.* [From dX- 
 Xag, and to^ikov, a “poison.”] A poison 
 developed in putrid sausages made of 
 blood and liver, often proving speedily 
 fatal. 
 
 Alliaceous, al-le-a'shus. [Allia'- 
 ccms ; from al f lium.~\ Of the nature of 
 garlic. 
 
 AlTi-itin. ;;: [From dXlopai, to “avoid ;” 
 because of its offensive smell.] The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. and U. S. Ph.) 
 of Allium sativum. A Linnman genus 
 of the class Hexandria, natural order 
 Liliaceze. 
 
 Ariiictti €e'pa. ? The common onion. 
 
 Allium Por'rnm. 9 The leek. 
 
 Al'liiiin Sa-ti'vuin.* Garlic. 
 
 Al-loe-o'sis.* [From dXXo’dco, to 
 “alter.”] A constitutional change. 
 
 Al-lo-path'ic. [Allopath' icus.] 
 Belonging to allopathy. 
 
 Al-lopa-tliy [Allopathi'a; from 
 liXXog, “other,” and niXog, “affection”]; 
 written also Al-l«e-op'a-thy. The 
 curing of a diseased action by inducing 
 a different kind of action, yet not neces- 
 sarily diseased. See Homoeopathy. 
 
 Al-lo-trl-oph 'a-&y. [Allot rio- 
 pha'jg’ia; from dXXorpiog, “another’s,” 
 “foreign,” “not proper,” and 0uyw, to 
 “eat,.”] Depraved appetite, or a desire 
 for improper food. 
 
 Al-Io-trop'ic. Pertaining to Allo- 
 tropism. 
 
 Al-lot'ro-pi&m. [Allotropis'mns ; 
 
 from uXXo?, “other,” and rpoirfi, “conver- 
 sion.”] The existing of the same com- 
 pound in two or more conditions, with dif- 
 ferent physical and chemical properties; 
 as sulphur melted at a high temperature, 
 which, before bright yellow and brittle, 
 
 32 
 
ALL 
 
 ALP 
 
 becomes dark, tenacious, and may be 
 drawn out into threads like caoutchouc. 
 
 AMox'au. A new product obtained 
 in the oxidation of uric acid by nitric 
 acid. 
 
 Al-lox'a-nate. [Allox 'an as, a'/?‘s.] 
 A combination of alloxan ic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 AS-lox-an'ac. [Alloxan'acns; from 
 allox'an.] Of or belonging to the pro- 
 duct alloxan. Applied to an acid into 
 which alloxan is converted when brought 
 into contact with soluble alkalies. 
 
 Al-lox-aii'tiii. [Alloxanti'na.] 
 A substance obtained by boiling and 
 evaporating a concentrated solution of 
 alloxan. 
 
 Al-loy'. [Fr. aloyer, to “mix metals.”] 
 A combination of any two metals, ex- 
 cepting mercury, etc., the least valuable 
 being called the alloy. See Amalgam. 
 
 All spice. The fruit of the Myrtus 
 pimenta. 
 
 Al-lu'vi-al. [Allnvia'lis ; from al- 
 lu'vium .] Applied to rocks or beds of 
 recent formation, which still acquire the 
 matter deposited by the waters. 
 
 AMii'vi-uiii.' : [From al'lno, to 
 
 “wash.”] The formation of new earths 
 or islets by the action of water accumu- 
 lating mud and debris in particular 
 situations. 
 
 Almand, &'mand. [Amyg'dala. Fr. 
 amande, & v moNd'.] The fruit, both bitter 
 and sweet, of the Amygdalus communis. 
 
 Al'mond-Oil. A bland, fixed oil, 
 obtained usually from bitter almonds 
 by the action of a hydraulic press, either 
 cold, or by means of hot iron plates. 
 
 Al'mond-Tree. The Amygdalus 
 communis. 
 
 Al'monds of tlie Ears. The small 
 external glands near the ears. See 
 Amygdalae. 
 
 Al monds of tlie TSiroat. The 
 tonsils. 
 
 Alims.* The Alder; a tree of the 
 order Betulacese. 
 
 ATaius GlM-ti-Mo'sa.* A tree grow- 
 ing in many parts of Europe. The 
 leaves and bark are bitter and astrin- 
 gent, and as a tonic are used in intermit- 
 tent fevers. 
 
 Al'irns Ser-rat'u-la.* The Ameri- 
 can alder, possessing properties like the 
 preceding. 
 
 AI'o-e,* gen. Al'o-e&, in English 
 Aloes, al'oz. A genus of plants of 
 the order Asphodeliee, characterized by 
 an intensely bitter taste, belonging to 
 Uie Linngean class Hexandria, natural 
 4 
 
 order Liliacese (or Asphodelese of some 
 writers). 
 
 Aloe Bar-l>a-dejt'sis.* The Phar 
 macopoeial name (Lond. Ph.) of Barba- 
 does aloes, or inspissated juice of the 
 cut leaf of the Aloe vulgaris. 
 
 Al'oe €a- pen 'sis.* The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name ( U.S. Ph.) for the inspissated 
 juice of the leaves of Aloe spicala, and 
 of other species of Aloe. 
 
 Al'oe Me-pat l-ca.* The name of a 
 kind of aloes the source of which is un- 
 certain. 
 
 Al'oe Per-fo-li-a'ta.* The tree 
 formerly believed to yield Socotrine 
 aloes. 
 
 Al'oe Soc-o-tri'na.* (“Socotrino 
 Aloes.”) The Pharmacopceial name || 
 of Socotrine aloes, obtained from tho 
 Al'oe Socotri'na (U.S. Ph.); but accord- 
 ing to the British Pharmacopoeia, from 
 one or more undetermined species. 
 
 Al'oe Spi-ca'ta.* The tree which 
 yields a kind of aloes used in place of 
 the Socotrine. 
 
 Al'oe Vul-ga'ris.* The tree believed 
 to afford common hepatic aloc f ;, but 
 said (Lond. Ph., 1851) to be from an un- 
 certain species. 
 
 Aloes, al'oz. The English name for 
 the juice of the several species of Aloe, 
 reduced to an extract. 
 
 Aloes, Socotrine. See Aloe Soco- 
 
 TRIXA. 
 
 Al'oes Wood. A fragrant resinous 
 substance, consisting of the interior of 
 the trunk of the Aquilaria ovata and A. 
 ag allodium. 
 
 Al-o-et'ic. [Aloet'icns; from Al'oe, 
 “ aloes.”] Applied to any medicine con- 
 taining a large proportion of aloes. 
 
 A!-o-g'Ot'rO“g>lB y. [Alog-otro'pliia ; 
 
 from ttAoyo?, “without proportion,” and 
 rpi^w, to “nourish.”] Applied to the 
 morbid or excessive nutrition of any 
 part. 
 
 Al'o-in. [Aloi'na.] The cathartic 
 principle of aloes. 
 
 AS -©-pe'$i-a.* [From aX'^f, a 
 “fox,” because subject to loss of hair.] 
 The falling off of hair from the beard 
 and eyebrows, as well as the scalp; 
 baldness the effect of disease, and so 
 distinct from Calvities : alop'ecy. 
 
 Alonclii, al-loo'che. The name of a 
 gum obtained from the tree of the Ca- 
 nella alba. 
 
 Al'plii-ta* [the plural of aMiro ^ 
 “meal”]. Another name for barley- 
 meal; barley-meal fried. 
 
 Al'plioid. [Alplaoi'des; from al'- 
 33 
 
ALP 
 
 ALU 
 
 phot, a “skin-disease,” and ePog, a 
 “form.”] Like Alphos , as Lepra al- 
 phoides. 
 
 Al-plaon'sin. [From Alphon'so 
 Fer'ri, of Naples, its inventor.] An 
 instrument for extracting balls from 
 wounds. 
 
 Al'plios,* Al'plius.* [From dXtiog, 
 “white.”] A species of leprosy; the 
 Lepra alphos. 
 
 Al-ptoo'sis.* [From the same.] 
 Albino-skin. 
 
 Al-pi'ni, Bal sa-m ti m . [After 
 Prosper Alpinus.] The “balsam cf Al- 
 pinus.” The balsam produced by the 
 Amy r is Gileadensis. 
 
 Al-pin'i-a.** [Named in honor of Al- 
 pinus.] A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Monandria , natural order Scitaminese. 
 
 Alpin'ia €ar>da*mo itmm. $ The 
 plant said (Lond. Ph. 1836) to produce 
 the lesser Cardamom seeds, formerly 
 referred to the Amomum cardamomum , 
 and now to the Elettaria cardamomum. 
 
 A1 terasit ia,* al-ter-an'she-a. See 
 Alterative. 
 
 Alteran'tia Ner-vi'na. ii: (“Nervous 
 Alteratives.”) A class of substances, as 
 spirituous liquors and narcotics, which 
 produce gradual changes in the brain, 
 attended by disturbance of the intellect- 
 ual functions. 
 
 Al'ter-a-tive. [Al'terans; from 
 
 al'tero, altera' turn, to “vary.”] Applied 
 to medicines (Lat. Alteran'tia) which re- 
 establish the healthy functions of the 
 system without any sensible evacuation. 
 
 Altern. Moris = Alter' nis ho'ris.% 
 “At alternate hours,” — that is, every 
 other hour. 
 
 Al-ter'nate. [ Alterna'tus ; from 
 alter' no, to “interchange.”] Applied to 
 leaves or branches recurring by turns 
 with those of the opposite side. 
 
 Al-thse'a.* [Gr. aXOaia, from dXdco, to 
 “heal.”] A Linnoean genus of the class 
 Monad elphia , natural order Malvaceae. 
 Marsh-mallow. 
 
 Althse'a The marsh- 
 
 mallow, the root of which is ordered for 
 use in the Pharmacopoeia (Lond. Ph.); 
 the leaves and root (Ed. and Dub. Ph.); 
 and the flowers and root (U S. Ph.). 
 
 Al-tlie'in. [Altluei'na; from al- 
 thaJa.] An alkaline substance discov- 
 ered in the marsh-mallow, similar to 
 Asp ar ay in. 
 
 Al-tim'e-try. [Altime'tria; from 
 
 al'tus , “high,” and /i£rpcw, to “measure.”] 
 The art of measuring heights or alti- 
 tudes. 
 
 34 
 
 Aludel, al'oo-del\ A pear-shaped 
 vessel used by the earlier chemists, re- 
 sembling the head of an alembic, with 
 the exception of the beak, etc. A series 
 of these vessels, joined together, is used 
 for distilling mercury in Spain. 
 
 Al'u-la.* [Diminutive of a'la, a 
 “wing.”] A little wing. Applied in 
 the plural ( al'ulse ) to the membranous 
 scales above the halteres in certain 
 Diptera, and under the elytra of some 
 aquatic Coleoptera. 
 
 Al'imi. [From alu'men . ] The Per- 
 sulpjhas aluminas et potassae. See Alu- 
 
 MEX. 
 
 Al um, Am-ma-nl'a-cal, is a double 
 salt, consisting of the sulphates of am- 
 monia and of alumina, in which ammo- 
 nia takes the place of the potassa of 
 common alum. 
 
 Al'um Curd of Ri-ve'ri-us. [Al- 
 tm'men Alumino'sum.] A eoagulum 
 formed by briskly agitating a drachm of 
 alum with the white of an egg. 
 
 Al'um Oint'ment. A preparation 
 consisting of common turpentine, lard, 
 and powdered alum. 
 
 Al'um Wa ter. A solution of alum 
 in water, used by painters in water- 
 colors. 
 
 Al'um Whey. [Se'rum Aliimin* 
 
 o'sum.] A whey made by boiling two 
 drachms of alum with a pint of milk, 
 and then straining. 
 
 Al-u'men, 4 gen. A!-u'min-is. Alum. 
 The Sulphas aluminae et potassae, a double 
 or sometimes a triple salt, consisting of 
 sulphuric acid and alumina, with either 
 potassa or ammonia, or frequently both. 
 The aluinen of the Pharmacopoeias is 
 prepared from schistose clays. In Italy 
 this salt is procured from alum stone, a 
 mineral substance occurring in most 
 volcanic districts. 
 
 Alu'men Ex-sic-ea'tum vel Is'- 
 turn.* Dried alum (or burnt alum); the 
 Pharmacopoeial name of alum when it 
 has undergone watery fusion and parted 
 with all its water of crystallization by 
 the action of heat. Its chief use is as 
 an escharotic for destroying fungous 
 flesh. 
 
 Alu'men Ro-ma'num.* Roman 
 alum; the purest variety of alum, con- 
 taining no ammonia in its composition. 
 
 Alu'men Ru'pe-um.* [From ru'pes, 
 a “rock.”] Roche or rock aluin. A 
 variety of alum brought from lloccha, 
 formerly called Edessa, in Syria That 
 which is sold under this name is common 
 English alum, artificially colored. 
 
ALU 
 
 AMA 
 
 A-lu'mi-na.* [From alu'men/* alum/’] 
 The base of alumen : al'umine. 
 
 A-lu-mi-ua'tus.* Containing alu- 
 men: alu'minated. 
 
 A-lu-mm-if er-ous. [Aluminif 
 erus ; from alu'men, and fe'ro , to 
 “bear.”] Bearing or having alum. 
 
 Aluminium. See Aluminum. 
 
 Al-u'min-ous. [Alumino'sus ; 
 from alu'men .] Pertaining to alum. 
 
 A-lu'mi-num.* The metallic base of 
 Alumina, sometimes spelled Aluminium. 
 
 Al ums. [Alu mina, the plural of 
 Alu'men.] A group of salts having a 
 constitution similar to that of common 
 alum. 
 
 Alun, 5,'Iuno'. The French term for 
 Alum. See Alumen. 
 
 A-lu'si-a.* [From aXi3a), to “become 
 insane.”] Hallucination; illusion; men- 
 tal deception, error, or misconception. 
 
 Alu'sia Elatio* (e-la'she-o). Senti- 
 mentalism, or mental extravagance. See 
 Elation. 
 
 Alu'sia Ilyp-o-clfooawlri'a-sis.* 
 
 Low spirits, or hypochondriacism. 
 
 Alutaceous, al-u-ta'shus. [Aluta'- 
 ccus; from alu'ta , “dressed leather.”] 
 Applied to the leaves of plants resem- 
 bling a soft, tanned skin. 
 
 Alv. Adst. — Al'vo Adstric'ta.% “The 
 bowels being bound.” 
 
 Al-vc-a'ri-um.* [From alvea're , a 
 “beehive.”] That part of the external 
 meatus of the ear where the cerumen is 
 secreted. 
 
 Al-ve'o-lar. [Alveola' ris.] Be- 
 longing to the alveoli , or sockets of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Al-ve'o-lar Structure. A term 
 applied by Hewson to minute superficial 
 cavities found in the mucous membrane 
 of the stomach, oesophagus, and small 
 intestine, and which he compared to the 
 cells of honeycomb. They are distinct 
 from the follicles. 
 
 Al-ve'o-late. [ Alveola' tus ; from al- 
 ve'olus.\ Having little troughs or cavities. 
 
 Al-ve'o-li.* [See Alveolus.] The 
 alveolar processes, or the sockets of the 
 teeth. Hence the term alveolar as ap- 
 plied to the arteries and veins of the 
 sockets of the teeth. 
 
 Al- ve'o-li-fforau. [ Alveolifor'mis ; 
 from alve'olus.] Formed like alveoli. 
 
 Al-ve'o-lus,* plural Al-ve'o-li. 
 [Diminutive of al'veus.] A little hollow. 
 The socket of a tooth, or other cavity. 
 
 Al've-us.* [From al'vus , the “belly.”] 
 A trough or channel; any large hollow, 
 such as the hold of a ship. Applied to 
 
 tubes, canals, especially their enlarged 
 portions, through which some fluid flows. 
 
 Al'veus Am.jmR^s'^ens. 5 ' [See 
 Ampulla.] The dilated portion of the 
 thoracic duct at its commencement from 
 the receptaculum chyli. 
 
 Al'veus Conn -munis.* The com- 
 munication of the ampullae of the semi- 
 circular canals of the ear. 
 
 Al'vl-du'ca.* [From al'vus , the 
 “belly,” and du'eo, to “lead,” to 
 “move.”] Medicines which promote 
 evacuation of the contents of the intes- 
 tines. 
 
 Al- vi- flux' us.* [From al'vus , the 
 “belly,” and flu’ o, flux' urn, to “flow.”] 
 Diarrhoea; a flux or discharge of the 
 contents of the intestines. 
 
 Al'vlne. [Alva'inus; from al'vus.'] 
 Belonging to the belly, stomach, or in- 
 testines. 
 
 Al'viaie Con-cre'tion. [Enterol- 
 itftms.] A calculus in the stomach or 
 bowels. See Bezoar. 
 
 Al'vus.* The belly, stomach, paunch, 
 or intestines. See Abdomen, Venter. 
 
 Al'vus As-tric'ta.* [From astriW go, 
 astric'tum , to “bind.”] A costive state 
 of the bowels. 
 
 Al'vus €o-ac'ta.* Literally, hard- 
 bound belly. The state of costiveness. — 
 (Celsus.) 
 
 Al'vus Flu '1-da.* A loose state of 
 the bowels. 
 
 Amadou (Fr.), &'m&-doo'. Literally, 
 “touch-wood,” a kind of fungus. A 
 substance used in graduated compresses ; 
 also to support varicose veins, and pro- 
 tect abraded surfaces, etc. 
 
 A-mal'gam. [ Amal'g , amraa ; from 
 'ana, “together,” and yaflu, to “espouse.”] 
 A combination of mercury with any other 
 metal. 
 
 A-mal-ga-ma'tiou. [Amalg , aaima / - 
 tio, o'w«‘s.] The process of combining 
 mercury with a metal, or forming an 
 amalgam. 
 
 A-matiitm. [Amamti'ima; from 
 dfiayirai, “fungi,” or “mushrooms.”] 
 The poisonous principle of fungi. 
 
 A-ma'ra.* [Neuter plural of ama'- 
 rus, “bitter.”] Bitters; medicines with 
 a bitter flavor and tonic property, as 
 chamomile, gentian, etc. 
 
 AmaraiD t Bnacese,* am - a-ran - th a' - 
 she-e, or Am-a-rana-ta'ce-se.* [From 
 am ar an' thus, or amaran'tus.] A natural 
 order of plants, mostly tropical. It 
 comprises the Amaranthus and other 
 flowers which are always dry and not 
 liable to fade. 
 
 35 
 
AMA 
 
 AME 
 
 Am-a-ran ' tli i ,* the plural of Ama- 
 ran'tbiis. A natural order of plants. 
 See Amaranthace,®. 
 
 Am-a-ran 'tli ats.-’ [From a, priv., and 
 Hapatvci), to “wither,” or “fade.”] A 
 genus of plants with unfading flowers. 
 Written also Amaran'tus. 
 
 Am'a-rftn. [Amari'iaa; from ama'- 
 rus, “bitter/’] The bitter principle of 
 vegetables. 
 
 Am-a-ryl-li-<ta'cese* (-da'she-e). A 
 natural order of plants, including the 
 Amaryl’lis. 
 
 Amatoria Feba*is. See Chlorosis. 
 
 Am-a-to'ri-ns.* [From a’mo, ama’- 
 tum, to “love.”] Belonging to love: 
 am'atory. Applied to the oblique muscle 
 of the eye, used in ogling. 
 
 Anai-an-a*©'sis.* [From dya"p6w, to 
 “darken.”] Partial or total loss of vision, 
 from paralysis of the retina, usually at- 
 tended with paralysis and dilatation of 
 the iris, though occasionally it is rigidly 
 contracted. It is also termed Gut’ta 
 serc'na. The term Amaurosis was origin- 
 ally used in the sense of obscurity or 
 dimness of vision; but now it is em- 
 ployed to denote a particular disease. 
 
 Am-au-rot'ic. [Amaurot'icus.] 
 Belonging to amaurosis. 
 
 Am'be.* [Gr. d^r), a “ rising,” “ some- 
 thing elevated.”] An old machine for 
 reducing dislocations of the shoulder. 
 
 Amber. [Snc'$umm.] A trans- 
 parent bituminous substance, of a yellow 
 or orange col >r, having electric proper- 
 ties; anciently called rjXeKTpor, whence the 
 word electricity . 
 
 Am'ber, A^'M ©f, or $uc-$iai'io 
 Acid, is obtained from amber by dry 
 distillation. It is a delicate reagent 
 for separating red oxide of iron from 
 compound metallic solutions. 
 
 Am'ber Cam'phor. A yellow, light 
 sublimate, obtained by the destructive 
 distillation of amber in a retort or 
 alembic. It has been termed volatile 
 resin of amber. 
 
 Ambergris, or Ambergrease, am'- 
 ber-gres. [Aaiitoragri'sea; from the 
 French ambregris (diCbr-gr^'), or “gray 
 amber.”] A concrete bituminous sub- 
 stance, of a grayish or ash color, inflam- 
 mable, and when heated emitting a 
 fragrant odor. It is found about the 
 sea-coast of warm countries, or floating 
 on the surface of the ocean, also in the 
 int stines of the Physeter macrocephatus, 
 and is supposed to be a morbid secretion 
 of that and perhaps other species of the 
 Physeter. Chiefly valuable as a perfume. 
 
 Am-bi-dex'ter.* [From am'bo, 
 
 “both,” and dex'ter, “right-handed,” 
 “skilful.”] One who uses his left hand 
 as well as his right. 
 
 Am-toSo'sis.* [From d/x£A<5co, to “have 
 an abortion.”] Miscarriage. Hence the 
 term amblot'ic ( amblot'icus , plural am- 
 blot'ica), as applied to medicines sup- 
 posed to cause abortion. 
 
 Am-bly-a'pEiI-a.* [From dp6\vg, 
 
 “blunt,” and atpfi, “sense of touch.”] 
 Blunted or dulled sense of touch. 
 
 Am-My-o'pI-a.* [From dy$ Xu?, 
 
 “blunted,” and wi//, the “eye.”] Im- 
 paired vision from defective sensation of 
 the retina; incomplete amaurosis, or tho 
 weakness of sight attending certain 
 stages and forms of this disorder. 
 
 Am'bon.* [Probably from dvaSatva, 
 to “rise,” to “ascend.”] Literally, an 
 “elevation.” The margin of the sockets 
 in which the heads of the large bones 
 are lodged. 
 
 Am'bre-ate. [Ambreas, a 'tie.] A 
 combination of ambreic acid with a base. 
 
 Am-bre'ie A peculiar acid 
 
 obtained by digesting ambrein in nitric 
 acid. 
 
 Am'bre-in. [Ambrei'na; from 
 
 the Fr. ambre , “amber.”] A fatty sub- 
 stance forming the base of ambergris, 
 and differing slightly from cholesterin. 
 
 Ambrosia,* am-bro'zhe-a. [From 
 dfx^porog, “immortal.”] Literally, the 
 “food of the gods,” that which confers 
 immortality or life. Applied to several 
 plants, on account of their good quali- 
 ties, as tansy, wormwood, etc. Applied 
 also to several alexipharmic medicines. 
 
 A m-b ie - la'crum .* [From am'bnlo , 
 to “walk.”] The space between two 
 etrigse , or each striga, formed by the 
 small holes on the shell of the Echinus , 
 as of a walk or path. 
 
 Am'bu-lance. [From the French 
 ambulant, “ambulatory.”] The kind of 
 movable hospital accompanying an army. 
 In popular language, a wagon or car- 
 riage for conveying wounded soldiers. 
 
 Am-bus'tion. [A ill blast io, o'nis ; 
 from ambit’ ro, ambus' turn, to “burn.”] 
 A burn or scald on any part of the body. 
 
 Am'e-lin. [Ameli na.] A new base 
 precipitated in the alkaline solution from 
 which melamin has been deposited, on 
 being supersaturated with acetic acid. 
 
 A-nien-o-ma'iii-a.* [From amoe’nus, 
 “pleasant,” and A hybrid term 
 
 (half Latin and half Greek) denoting a 
 gay or cheerful form of mania. 
 
 Amen»jnrbeea,* a-men'o-re'a. [From 
 
AME 
 
 AMxN 
 
 a, priv., priv, a “month,” and /5io>, to 
 “flow.”] Absence or stoppage of the 
 menstrual discharge, including Emansio 
 mensium and Suppressio mensium. 
 
 A-men ' ta,* the plural of Amentum, 
 which see. 
 
 Ameutacea?,* am-en-ta'she-e. [From 
 amenta' ceus. See next article.] The 
 Jussieuan name of an order of plants 
 now distributed among different orders. 
 
 A-men-ta'ceous. [Amenta'ceus ; 
 from amen’tum .] Having an amentum. 
 
 Amentia,'^' a-men'she-a. [From a, 
 priv., and mens, the “mind.”] Idiocy; 
 fatuity ; imbecility of mind. A genus of 
 the order Vesanise, class Neuroses, of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. See Dementia. 
 
 A-men'tum,* plural A-men'ta. 
 [From uppa, a “thong.”] A catkin, or 
 imperfect flower, somewhat like a rope or 
 cat’s tail. Also termed Nucamentum. 
 
 Ainer (Fr.), d'maiR'. (“Bitter.”) The 
 bitter principle produced by digesting 
 silk in nitric acid. 
 
 American Balsam. See Balsam 
 of Peru. 
 
 American Gamble. See Gamboge. 
 
 A-aner'i-can Seaa'na. The common 
 name for Cassia Marilandica. 
 
 Am'c-tliyst. [AametSiys'tus; from 
 a, priv., and psdvoKco, to “make drunk.”] 
 A violet-colored gem, a species of rock 
 crystal. Its name is derived from *its 
 reputed virtue of preventing intoxica- 
 tion: topers were formerly in the habit 
 of wearing it about their necks. It con- 
 sists almost entirely of silica. 
 
 Am-i-an'tSioid, or Aml-an't»id. 
 [Amianthoi'des, or Amiant»i'des; 
 from amian'tkus or amian'tus, a fossil, 
 fibrous stone.] Resembling amianthus. 
 
 Amd-anlhns.^ [From a, priv., and 
 piatw, to “defile.”] Literally, “that 
 which cannot be defiled;” because cloth 
 made of it could always be purified by 
 burning. Mountain flax; an incombus- 
 tible mineral, consisting of very delicate 
 and regular silky fibres. See Asbestos. 
 
 Amide, ahned'. A saline compound, 
 in which a compound of nitrogen and 
 hydrogen occurs, containing an atom 
 less of hydrogen than ammonia. 
 
 Am i-din. [Amidi'na; from the 
 French, amidon, “starch.”] A substance 
 intermediate between gum and starch, 
 obtained by the solution of the latter in 
 aot water. 
 
 Amileii or Amilene, am'e-len. A 
 liquid hydro-carbon, obtained by dis- 
 tilling hydrate of oxide of amyl repeat- 
 edly with anhydrous phosphoric acid. 
 
 4* 
 
 Ammi. See Sison Ammi. 
 
 Am-iiio'aii-a.* The volatile alkan; 
 ammoniacal gas. A transparent, color • 
 less, pungent gas, formed by the union 
 of nitrogen and hydrogen. By Priestley 
 it was called alkaline air ; it is called 
 “the volatile alkali” to distinguish it 
 from the fixed alkalies, — soda and pot- 
 ash. Its present name is derived from 
 sal ammoniac, of which it constitutes a 
 basis, and which received its appellation 
 from being first prepared in the dis- 
 trict of Ammonia, in Libya. 
 
 Am-mo-ni'a-cal. [Ammoniaca- 
 15s.] Belonging to ammonia. 
 
 Ammoni'acal Arum. A double 
 salt, consisting of the sulphate of am- 
 monia and alumina, the potassa of com- 
 mon alum being replaced by ammonia. 
 
 Ammon i'acal Gas. Ammonia, the 
 volatile alkali. 
 
 Am-mo-aii'a-cnm.* [From r Appa>v, 
 a name of Jupiter, who had his temple 
 in a part of Libya, where the tree chiefly 
 grew.] The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
 a gum resin, from the Dore'ma ammoni'a- 
 cum: ammo'niac, or gum-ainmo'niac. 
 
 Am-mo'aia-sc JLI'^wohv- (“ Liquor of 
 Ammonia.”) The name of the concentrated 
 solution of ammonia. One volume of 
 water takes up about 750 times its bulk 
 of the gas, forming a liquid possessed of 
 similar properties, and termed spirits of 
 hartshorn from its being produced by 
 distillation from that substance. 
 
 Aanmoniatpi©, am'mo'ne4k'. The 
 French term for Ammonia, which see. 
 
 Aan'mo-nite. [Ammomi'tes; from 
 Jupiter Am' mon ; worshipped as a ram.] 
 A kind of petrified shell, like a horn or 
 snake. From its resemblance to the 
 horns of the statues of Jupiter Ammon, 
 it is called Cor'nu Ammo'nis, “horn of 
 Ammon.” From its coiled form it is 
 popularly known as snake-stone. 
 
 Anra-ma'iraa-uim.* The supposed me- 
 tallic base of ammonia. 
 
 Asamiosaim'et, am-mon'yu-ret. 
 
 [Ammaaaiuire'tiamo] A combination 
 of ammonia with a metallic oxide. 
 
 Aiai-sie'sa-a,* Am°im<es'ta-a.* [From 
 a , priv., and pvmig, “remembrance.”] 
 Want of memory; forgetfulness. 
 
 Am'm-I, The fluid con- 
 
 tained in the amnion. 
 
 [From apvog , a “lamb.”] 
 The soft, most internal membrane, con-* 
 taining the waters which surround the 
 foetus inutero. Also called Agnina tunica. 
 
 Am'aai-©-tate. [Amni'otas, aVo9.] 
 Amniotic acid combined with a base. 
 
 37 
 
AMN 
 
 AMP 
 
 Am-ni-ot'ic. [Amnioi'icns.] Per- 
 taining to the amnion. 
 
 Amiaiot'ic A$'icL Same as allan- 
 toic acid. 
 
 A-mo'me-us.* Having an arrange- 
 ment as in the Amomum: amo'meous. 
 
 A-momum.* [From agojgog, “ blame- 
 less.”] A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Monandria , natural order Scitaminese. 
 
 Amoimim Car-da-mo'mimi. :i: The 
 former name of the lesser Cardamom 
 seed plant; now ascertained to be the 
 Aljnnia cardamomum. 
 
 Amoimim Gra'na Par-a-di'si.^ 
 Grains of Paradise Amomum: a plant of 
 the order Scitaminese, the fruit of which 
 is well known under the name of Grains 
 of Paradise or Mellegetta Pepper. 
 
 Amo'mui^i Re'pesis.* The plant 
 producing the Cardamom seed ; but this 
 is chiefly obtained from the Alpinia car- 
 damomum. 
 
 Amo mum 25iEi'gi-beiv ;: * The ginger- 
 plant, or Zingiber officinale. 
 
 A-mor'plai&m. [Amorplais'ums ; 
 from a, priv., and gopph, “form.”] The 
 state of being amorphous. 
 
 A-mor'plioias. [ Amor'pEius ; from 
 a, priv., and gopprj, “form.”] Wanting 
 f>rm; shapeless. 
 
 A-mor'pIfious Cfcm-nine'. Th6 sub- 
 stance Quinoidine ; so named because its 
 salts cannot be crystallized. See Qui- 
 nia. 
 
 Am-pel'ic A$'id. An acid obtained 
 by Laurent from the oils of bituminous 
 schist. The term ampelin has been also 
 applied to an oily matter prepared from 
 the same substance. 
 
 Am'pe-los-a'gri-a.* [From ag-neXog, 
 a “vine,” and aypiog, “wild.”] The Bry- 
 onia alba, or wild vine. 
 
 Am-pliem-e-ri'na,* or Am-pBiim- 
 e-ri'na.* [From dg<pi, “on” or “by,” and 
 bycpa , a “day.”] Applied to a fever, 
 such as a quotidian ague, or hectic, oc- 
 curring “day by day,” — that is, every 
 day. 
 
 Avn'plii {dgpi). A Greek preposition, 
 signifying “on both sides,” “about;” 
 sometimes “on,” “at,” or “by.” It is 
 nearly allied to agpw, “both,” and to 
 apfig, “on both sides,” “in both direc- 
 tions,” around.” 
 
 Am-plil-ar-ttiro'sis.** [From agpu), 
 “both,” and apQpov, a “joint,” an “ar- 
 ticulation.”] A movement partaking 
 both of Diarthrosis and Synarthrosis, as 
 in the tarsal and carpal bones, and the 
 vertebra ». 
 
 Am-pliib'I-o-llte, or Am-pliib'i-o- 
 
 38 
 
 lilfo. [Amphibiol'ithus ; from am- 
 
 phib'ius, and \iOog, a “stone.”] A fossil 
 relic of an amphibious animal. 
 
 Am-phib-i-ol'o-gy. [Amptiibi- 
 olo'g-ia; from amphib'ius, and X oyog, a 
 “speech.”] A treatise on amphibious 
 animals; the science of amphibious 
 animals. 
 
 Am-pbib'i-us.* [From agpu), “both,” 
 or apupi, “on both sides,” and 6ioo), to 
 “live.”] Amphibious. Applied to plants 
 and animals that live in both elements, 
 — on land or in the water. In the neuter 
 plural ( Amphib’ia ) it forms the name 
 of the second class of the Encephalata, 
 or vertebrated animals. The animals 
 of this class commence their larva state 
 as fishes, and undergo various degrees 
 of metamorphosis in advancing to the 
 condition of reptiles. 
 
 Am-pSis-di-ar-tbro'sis.* [From 
 apKpi, “on both sides,” and didpQpuxng, an 
 “articulation.”] Applied to the articu- 
 lation of the lower jaw with the tem- 
 poral bone, because partaking both of 
 the nature of ginglymus and arthrodia. 
 
 Am-ptii-ga'mi-us.* [From dp<pi, 
 “on both sides” (and hence “doubtful”), 
 and yapLog, a “marriage.”] In the neuter 
 plural ( Amphiga'mia ) applied to plants 
 (the Cryptogamia ) whose fructification is 
 unascertained and may be of both sexes. 
 
 Am-ptiip'o-dous. [Ainphip'odus ; 
 from dg'pi, “about,” and novg, rroiog, a 
 “foot.”] Having feet round about. 
 Applied to certain Crustacea. 
 
 AiBipbiscms,* am-fish'e-us. In the 
 plural, Anapbiscii, am-fish'e-i. [From 
 apLpi, “on both sides,” and asia, a “shade” or 
 “ shadow.”] Having their shadow to the 
 north one season, to the south another. 
 Applied to the people within the Torrid 
 Zone. Amphis'cians. 
 
 Am-pbis'to-mous. [Ampbis'to- 
 mus; from dgpi, “on both sides” or 
 “both ends,” and oroga, the “mouth.”] 
 Applied to certain Entozoa, having a cup 
 at each extremity, by which they adhere 
 to the intestines. 
 
 Ani-pliat'ro-pal, or Am-phit'ro- 
 poiis. [Ampliit'ropus ; from dgpi, 
 “about,” and rfioneoj, to “turn.”] Applied 
 to the embryo of any seed when it ex- 
 tends round the albmnen. 
 
 Am'plio-ra.* [From dgP'i, “on both 
 sides,” and pepo, to “carry;” because 
 carried by two handles.] An ancient 
 wine-vessel with two auricles, containing 
 about nine English gallons. 
 
 Ain-pbbr'ic. [Amplior'fctis.] Be- 
 I longing to the amphora; resembling that 
 
AMP 
 
 AMY 
 
 of an amphora. Applied to a sound 
 (the amphoric resonance) in ausculta- 
 tion, resembling that heard on blowing 
 into a decanter. 
 
 Am-pIex-I-cau'Ils.* [From am- 
 plec'tor, ample*' us, to “surround,” and 
 cau'lis, a “stem.”] Surrounding the 
 stem: amplex'icaul, or amplexicau'line. 
 
 Am-pul'la,* plural Am-puM*. A 
 big-bellied jug or bottle used by the 
 Romans for containing wine. In Anat- 
 omy, applied to the trumpet-mouthed 
 portions of the semicircular canals of 
 the ear. See Alveus Communis. Also 
 a small membranous bag attached to 
 the roots and immersed leaves of certain 
 aquatic plants. 
 
 ABiifHillaceous, am-pul-la'shus. 
 
 [Ampulla'ceus.] Appearing like an 
 ampulla. 
 
 Am-pul'lu-la.* [The diminutive of 
 ampul'la.] Applied to a canal or bag 
 slightly enlarged in the centre. 
 
 Am-pii-ta'tiou. [Amputatio, 
 
 o 'nis ; from am'puto , amputa'tum, to 
 “cut off.”] The operation of cutting 
 off a limb, or projecting part of the 
 body, as the breast, etc. 
 
 Am'u-let. A supposed charm against 
 infection or disease : such are anodyne 
 necklaces, used in teething of infants. 
 
 A-my-e'H-a.* [From a, priv., apd 
 H^e\5g, “marrow,” “spinal marrow.”] 
 The condition of a monster foetus, born 
 without the spinal marrow. Such a 
 foetus is said to be amy'elous. When 
 the encephalon also is absent, the foetus 
 is termed amyenceph'alous. There may 
 be absence of the encephalon, — of the 
 cerebrum and cerebellum only ; in this 
 case the foetus is called anenceph'alous. 
 Or the cerebrum merely may be in a 
 state of defective development, or atro- 
 phy, more or less partial or extensive. 
 
 Ainyelous. See preceding article, 
 
 A-my g'da-Sa.* [Gr. dpiytdXrj.] The 
 fruit of Arnyg' dalus commu' nis, the sweet 
 and bitter almond. 
 
 A-myg'ila-lse* (the plural of the pre- 
 ceding). A popular name for the exte- 
 rior glands of the neck and for the 
 tonsils. 
 
 Ainys'dahT A-ma'rse,* and Amyg- 
 dalae Dul'ces.* Bitter and sweet al- 
 monds ; the fruit of two varieties of the 
 Amyg'dalus commu'nis. The bitter al- 
 mond contains prussic acid, and enters 
 into the liquor or composition called 
 noyau. 
 
 Amyg'dalae Pla-cen'ta.* “Almond- 
 cake;” the substance left after the ex- 
 
 pression of the oil, which when groun 1 
 forms almond-powder, so generally used 
 for washing the hands. 
 
 Am-yg-tla'le-us.* Having an ar- 
 rangement as in the Amyydalus. Amyg- 
 da'leous. 
 
 Am-yg-dal'ic. [Asnygdal'icus^ 
 
 from amyy'dala, an “almond.”] Be- 
 longing to the almond. Applied to ar 
 acid obtained from amygdalin. 
 
 A-myg-da-Sife-retis. [Amygda* 
 lit r erus; from amyy'dala , an “ almond, * 
 and fe'ro , to “bear.”] Bearing almonds. 
 Applied to a geode with a movable kernel. 
 
 A-myg'da-lin. [ Amygdaliiia ; 
 from amyy'dala , an “almond.”] A 
 white crystalline substance obtained 
 from the bitter almond. 
 
 A-myg'da-line. [Amygdali'nus ; 
 from the same.] Belonging to the almond. 
 
 A-inyg-da-li tis. " [From amyy'dalse , 
 the “tonsils,” and i'tis, denoting inflam- 
 mation.] Same as Tonsillitis. 
 
 A-myg'da-loid. [Amygdafioi'des; 
 from amyy'dala, an “almond,” and etSog, 
 a “form.”] Having the form of an 
 almond. 
 
 A-myg-da-loi'dal. The same as the 
 preceding. 
 
 A-myg'da-lus.* [Gr. dyvydaXog, the 
 “almond-trce.”] A Linmean genus of 
 the class Icosandria , natural order Ro- 
 sace te. 
 
 Amyg'dalus Com -mu 'ills.* The 
 
 tree which yields the almond, both bitter 
 and sweet. 
 
 Amyg'dalus Per'si-ca.* The peach- 
 tree. 
 
 Am'yl. The hypothetical radicle of a 
 series of compounds, of which the hydrate 
 of the oxide has long been known as 
 fusel oil, or as the oil of grain-spirit or 
 jjotatoes, as it is produced in the ferment- 
 ation of unmalted grain and potatoes. 
 
 Aanylacea Corpora. See Neuro- 
 Glia. 
 
 Amylaceous, am-e-la'shus. [Amy- 
 la' ceus; from am'ylum..] Starch-like. 
 
 Am'y-lea. A substance obtained by 
 distilling fusel oil with chloride of zinc. 
 It is a narcotic poison. 
 
 A-myl'ic. [Amyl'icus; from am'- 
 ylum, “starch.”] Applied to an acid 
 obtained from starch. 
 
 Amylm. The same as Amidin. 
 
 Amy-loM. [Amy lot 'dies; from 
 
 am'ylum.] Resembling amylum, or starch. 
 
 Amyloid ©©generation. See Lar- 
 daceoxjs Degeneration. 
 
 Am'y-lum.* [Gr. ayvXov, “fine meal.”] 
 The Pkarmacopoeial name || for starch, 
 39 
 
AMY 
 
 ANA 
 
 being the fecula of the seeds of Triticum 
 vulyare ; (Dub. Ph.) the Seminis feculse. 
 
 Amy lam Ma-ran'tae. ii: Arrow- 
 
 root, — a nutritive starch prepared from 
 the Maranta arundinacese. 
 
 Am'y-ous. [Ain'yus; from a, priv., 
 and fjLog, nv6g, a “ mouse ;” also a mus- 
 cle.”J Without muscle ; fleshless. 
 
 Amyridaceae,* am-ir-e-da'she-e. An 
 order of dicotyledonous plants, abound- 
 ing in fragrant resin. 
 
 Am'y-ris.* [From a, intensive, and 
 f ivfjos, a “sweet-scented juice.”] A Lin- 
 nman genus of the class Octandria, natu- 
 ral order Amyridaceae (formerly a divi- 
 sion of Terebinthaceae). 
 
 Am'yris El-e-mife-ra.* The sys- 
 tematic name of the tree which yields 
 gum-elemi. 
 
 Am'yris Cril-e-a-dcn'sis, ? The sys- 
 tematic name of the tree which affords 
 balm or balsam of Gilead. See Alpini 
 Balsamum. 
 
 Aii (av). A Greek particle having a 
 privative force. See A. 
 
 Ana (ava). A Greek particle, signi- 
 fying “through,” “up through,” “up- 
 wards,” “again:” sometimes “according 
 to.” 
 
 For the use of ana in medical formu- 
 laries, see AA. 
 
 An-ab'a-sis.** [From ava , “up,” and 
 tiaivw, to “go.”] Literally, an “ascend- 
 ing.” The increase of a disease or of a 
 paroxysm. See Acme. 
 
 Am-a-bat'ic. [Anabat'ieas.] Per- 
 taining to anabasis. 
 
 Anacardiaeens,* an-a-kar-de-a'she- 
 us. Having an arrangement as in the 
 Anacardium (cashew-tree :) anacardia'- 
 ceous. Applied in the feminine plural 
 ( Anacardiacese , an-a-kar-de-a'she-e) to 
 an order of dicotyledonous plants, in- 
 cluding the cashew-tree, the sumach, etc. 
 
 An-a-ear'cii-imi.** Anacardium Oc- 
 cidentals. Cashew-nut, or marking-nut. 
 The nut contains, between its rind and 
 shell, a red, inflammable, and very caus- 
 tic liquor, or oil. See Cashew-Tree. 
 
 ABi'a-ea-tliar'sis.'^ [From dva, “up,” 
 and tcaOaipu), to “purge.”] Literally, a 
 “purgation upwards.” A term used to 
 denote cough with expectoration, or 
 expectoration simply. 
 
 Aii-a-ca-thar'tic. [Anacatliar'ti- 
 cus; from the same.] Promoting ex- 
 pectoration or vomiting. 
 
 An-*v-cyc'lus Pyr'edlmnn.* The 
 Pharmacopoeial (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
 name for Anthemis Py rethrum. 
 
 An-ail'TO-mous. [Anad'roimis ; 
 
 40 
 
 from dvd , “up,” and fyo/xog, a “course.”] 
 Swimming up into rivers from the sea. 
 
 An-semi-a.* [From av, priv., and 
 aiya, “blood.”] Deficiency of blood: 
 more correctly written Anh^emia. 
 
 An-asn ic (or Anem ic), or An-ae'- 
 mi-al. [Ansem'icos, or An^mialis; 
 from the same.] In a state of anaemia. 
 
 An-se-mot/ro-plty. [From anse'mia , 
 and T(.o(pri, “nourishment.”] By this 
 term and haemotr ophy are implied simply 
 a deficiency and an excess of sanguineous 
 nourishment. Atrophy and hypertrophy , 
 as commonly understood, include the 
 idea of diminished and increased magni- 
 tude j while anaemia and hypersemia have 
 reference only to the quantity of blood 
 present, without regard to its nutritive 
 properties. — (P rout.) See Anaemia. 
 
 Anaeroid. See Aneroid. 
 
 AiisestlMMsia,* an-es-the'se-a. [Frc m 
 av , priv., and dicBdvoyai, to “perceive,” to 
 “feel.”] Loss of feeling or perception: 
 an'aesthesy. A genus of the order IJysacs- 
 iliesiae, class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ana?stlietic, an-es-thet'ik. [Anas- 
 tbet'icus; from anaesthesia.^ Having 
 no perception nor sense of touch. 
 
 Aisaestliet'ics. [From the same.] A 
 term applied to certain medicines, such 
 as chloroform, ether, <tc., having the 
 power of rendering the recipient insen- 
 sible to pain. 
 
 Anal. [Ana'lis.] Pertaining to 
 
 the anus. 
 
 An-a-lep'sis.* [From draXaixSdru), to 
 “take again,” to “recover.”] Recover- 
 ing of strength after sickness. 
 
 Au-a-lep tic. [Aiialcp'tlcus: from 
 the same.] Belonging to analcpsis. 
 
 Analep'tics. [From the same.] Re- 
 storative medicines. 
 
 A-nal'O'gous. [Anal'ogus: from 
 ard, “according to,” and og , “ratio” 
 or “proportion.”] Literally, “propor- 
 tionate:” hence, corresponding to in a 
 general way. 
 
 Analogue, an'a-log. [From the 
 same.] Applied in Comparative Anatomy, 
 by Owen, to a part or organ in one ani- 
 mal having the same function as another 
 part or organ in a different animal. 
 
 A-nal'o-gy- [Analo'gia; from the 
 same.] The relation of things or parts 
 of a different nature, but similar in their 
 function, and so contradistinguished 
 from the term Homoloyy. 
 
 A-nal'^-sis.* [From draXiuo, to “un- 
 do.”] The process of separating any com- 
 pound substance into its constituents- 
 
 An-a-mir'ta Coc'cu-lus*.* Tho 
 
ANA 
 
 ANA 
 
 plant which affords the Oocculus Indicus 
 fruit (Ed. Ph.). 
 
 An-ani-nes'tic, An-ain-nes'ti-cal. 
 [Aiiamnes'Ucus; from dvapvfioKa), to 
 “ recall to mind.”] Recalling to memory. 
 
 An-anilrous, or Au-andri-ons. 
 [Anan'der, or Anan'il rius: from av, 
 priv., and dvfip , avdpog, a “ man,” a 
 “male.”] Applied to plants which have 
 no male organs. 
 
 Anapliroclisia,* an-af-ro-diz'e-a* 
 [From av, priv., and dppodiaia, “things 
 pertaining to Venus.”] Impotence; 
 incapability of sexual intercourse, from 
 whatever cause. 
 
 An-a-plas'tic. [Anaplas'ticus.] 
 
 Of or belonging to anaplasty. 
 
 An'a-plas-ty. [Anaplas'tia; from 
 dvd, “again,” and TrXdaaio, to “form” or 
 “fashion.”] Literally, forming anew. 
 Surgical operations for the restoration 
 of lost parts, or for the reparation of 
 certain deformities or natural defects in 
 the structure of the body. 
 
 An-a-ple-ro'sis.* [From dvarrXrjpdcj, 
 to “fill again,” to “supply.”] The sup- 
 plement of parts destroyed, as in wounds, 
 cicatrices, etc. 
 
 An-a-ple-rot'ic. [Anaplerot'a- 
 cus.] Belonging to anaplerosis; sup- 
 plementary. 
 
 An-a-sar'ca.* [From dim, “ through,” 
 and oap%, the “flesh.”] Dropsy in the 
 integuments of the body. General dropsy, 
 as distinguished from dropsy of same 
 particular organ or part. 
 
 An-a-stal tie. [Anastal'ticus; from 
 avd, “upwards,” and art\\ oj, to “set,” 
 “send,” “contract.”] Formerly applied 
 to medicines that were styptic. 
 
 An-as'to-mo'sis.* [From ava, “by,” 
 “through,” and ardpa, a “mouth.”] The 
 communication of branches of vessels 
 with each other. 
 
 An-as-to-mot ic. [Anastomot'i- 
 cias.] Of the nature of anastomosis. 
 
 An-a-tom'I-cal. [Anatom 'lens.] 
 
 Belonging to anatomy. 
 
 A-iinto-mist. [From dvd, “through,” 
 “up,” and Tspuoj, to “cut.”] A dissector 
 of organized bodies, whether human, 
 brute-animal (then called Zootomist), or 
 vegetable (then Phytotomist). 
 
 A-iiat'o-my. [Anato'mia; from 
 the same.] Generally, the dissection of 
 organized bodies, whether human, brute- 
 animal, or vegetable. 
 
 Anat'omy, Ar-ti-fl^'ial. [Anato'- 
 mia Artificia'lis.] Imitated dissec- 
 tions in wax, etc. 
 
 Anat'omy, Com-par'a-tive. [Ana- 
 
 to'mla fomparati va.] The dissec- 
 tion of the lower animals, plants, etc., 
 to illustrate those general principles of 
 organization which are common to an 
 order, class, grand division, etc. 
 
 Anat omy, We*scrip tive. [Ana- 
 to'mia IH»seripti'va.] Details of the 
 situation, form, and relative attachments 
 of the various parts. 
 
 Anat'omy, Gen'e-ral. [Anato'mia 
 Genera'lis.] Description of the struc- 
 ture and nature of the various tissues, 
 apart from any consideration of the 
 organs they compose. 
 
 Anat omy, Hu man. [Anato'mia 
 Iliiniaiia.] Dissection of man. 
 
 Anat omy, Mcd'i-cal. [Anato'mia 
 Meci'ica.] Embracing Descriptive, Phy- 
 siological, and Pathological Anatomy. 
 
 Anat'omy, Patli-o*log'i-cal. [Ana- 
 to'mia Patliolog'ica.] The investi- 
 gation of changes in the structure of 
 organs by disease, or from congenital 
 malformation. 
 
 A n at o m y , PIb y s-i-o-E o£'i-ca 1 . 
 
 [Anato'mia Pliysioiog'ica.] The 
 
 examination of the organs of animals to 
 understand their respective functions 
 in the healthy state. 
 
 Anat'omy, Special. [Anato'mia 
 Specia'lis.] Properly, the anatomy of 
 a single species, as the anatomy of man, 
 of the horse, etc. — Critvkilhier. In 
 this sense it is contradistinguished from 
 Comparative Anatomy; but, according 
 to most writers, it is that branch of 
 Anatomy which treats of the particular 
 organs or parts (in a state of health) as 
 contradistinguished from General Anato- 
 my, which treats of the tissues, etc., 
 common to the various organs. 
 
 Anat'omy, Surg i-cal. [An a to'- 
 mia Oiirur'gica.] The examination 
 of the various organs, muscles, nerves, 
 and blood-vessels, their precise situa- 
 tion and relations to each other, with 
 a special reference to surgery. 
 
 Anat'omy, Tran-scen-den'tal, 
 [ Anato'mia Transcendenta'lis.] 
 That branch of Anatomy which treats 
 of the development of parts, their analo- 
 gies, their primary model or tj^pe, ap- 
 proximation to, or deviation from, that 
 model; also termed Philosophical 
 Anatomy. 
 
 An-at'ro-pons. [Anat'ropns; from 
 d'-arpinw, to “subvert.”] Applied in 
 Botany to the ovule, in which the hilum 
 and internal umbilicus are opposed to 
 each other. 
 
 An-au'di-sj.^ [From av, priv., and 
 41 
 
ANA 
 
 ANE 
 
 dvJri, “speech.”] Dumbness; privation 
 of voice ; catalepsy. 
 
 An-a-zo-tu'rl-a.* [From av, priv., 
 azo'tum, “azote,” and ovpou , “ urine. ”] A 
 variety of chronic diuresis, in which there 
 is a deficiency of urea. See Urea. 
 
 Au'ceps.* [From am, contraction of 
 dfi(p(, “on both sides,” and ca'pio, to 
 “take,” to “compass.”] Ancip'ital. 
 Having the sides sharp like a two-edged 
 sword. A term used in Botany. 
 
 An'cM-lups.* [From ayxi, “near 
 to,” and dip, the “eye.”] Supposed to be 
 a stage of fistula lachrymalis before the 
 inflamed swelling bursts; afterwards 
 called segilops. 
 
 Au'clao-iiie.'** [From ay\oj, to “stran- 
 gle.”] The sensation of strangling, in 
 hysteria. 
 
 Au-cIko-ra'Eis.* [From an'chora, an 
 “anchor.”] Applied to the coracoid pro- 
 cess of the scapula. See Ancyroires. 
 
 ABB~eliii'sa.* [From ay*w, to “choke,” 
 to “constringe the fauces.”] A Linnsean 
 genus of the class Pentandria , natural 
 order Bor agin ex. 
 
 Aiiiciiu'saTmc-to'ra-a.-* [From tin*- 
 go, tine' turn, to “ dye.”] Dyers’ alkanet; 
 a plant of the order Boraginacex, the 
 root of which abounds in the red color- 
 ing-matter called alkanet, used by dyers; 
 also for imparting a deep red to oils, 
 ointments, and plasters. 
 
 AaicEiusin, an'ku-sin. [AncliMsi'- 
 na.] A red-colored principle obtained 
 from Anchusa tinctoria, termed by some 
 Anchusic acid. 
 
 Ancliyiosfs. See Ankylosis. 
 
 Ancipitius,* an-se-pish'e-us. The 
 same as Angers. 
 
 An 'con.* [From dyrcuv, the “elbow.”] 
 The elbow; the olecranon process of the 
 ulna. 
 
 An*conad. Applied the same as 
 anconal used adverbially. 
 
 An-conal. [Ancona'lis.] Belong- 
 ing to the ancon. Applied by Dr. Bar- 
 clay, of Edinburgh, in his proposed no- 
 menclature, as meaning towards the 
 ancon. 
 
 Anconeus ,' 5 ang-ko-ne'us, or an-ko'- 
 ne-us. [From an'con.] Pertaining to the 
 elbow. Formerly applied to various 
 muscles attached to the olecranon; now 
 limited to one. 
 
 Aii'eo-noid. [Anconoi'des; from 
 an r con, and zUog, “a form.”] Resembling 
 the ancon. 
 
 Ancyloglossia. See Ankyloglossia. 
 
 Amyl os is. See Ankylosis. 
 
 An-v*$ r -ro-i'«lefc.* [From dyKvpa, an 
 42 
 
 “anchor,” and zlSog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling an anchor. See Anciioralis. 
 
 An-dra-nat'o-my. [Andranato'- 
 mia; from avrip, av6pog, a “man,” and 
 dvaTipvoi, to “cut up.”] Dissection of 
 the human body, particularly the male. 
 
 Androgynous, an-droj'e-nus. [An- 
 drog y yiius, or Androgyn'ius ; from 
 ai/rip, avdpog, a “man,” and yvrfi, a “wo- 
 man.”] Partaking of both sexes; her- 
 maphrodite. 
 
 An'droM. [Androi'dcs; from avfip, 
 a “man,” and zidog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling a man. 
 
 An-dro-ma'm-a.* [From dvrjp, a 
 “man” or “male,” and pavia, “madness.”] 
 Same as Nymphomania or Furor uterinus. 
 
 An-dropfla'o-rus.* [From dvi,p, a 
 “man” or “male,” and (frepo, to “bear.”] 
 The slender pillar which supports the 
 united anthers in monadelphous and 
 diadelphous plants. 
 
 An-drot'o-my. [From dvf/p, a “man” 
 or “male,” and rzpvw, to “cut.”] The same 
 as Anrranatomy, which see. 
 
 An'drum.* [Probably derived from 
 and, a Hindoo word signifying “tes- 
 ticle.”] A species of hydrocele, pecu- 
 liar to the south of Asia, and described 
 by Kgempfer. 
 
 Am-eii-lop'ter-us.* [From uvziXzw, to 
 “unroll,” and nrepov, a “ wing.”] Applied 
 to insects with four wings, the two supe- 
 rior of which are flexible: aneilop'terous. 
 
 A-nel-la'ta,* or A-ncl'li-des.* [From 
 anel'lus, a “ little ring.”] The fifth class 
 of the JDiploneura or Helmiuthoida, con- 
 sisting of long, cylindrical, mostly aquatic 
 worms, with red blood, covered with a 
 soft and more or less segmented and an- 
 nulated skin. The earth-worm belongs 
 to this class. Also called Annulata, 
 Annulida, and Annelidans. 
 
 Aneania. See Anaemia. 
 
 Anaemic, Aneamal. See Anaemic, etc. 
 An-e-mog'ra-pliy- [Ancmogra- 
 
 pliia; from avzpog, “wind,” and ypfupo), 
 to “write.”] A description of the winds. 
 
 Aii-e-inol'o-gy. [Ancniolo'gia; 
 
 from avzpog, the “wind,” and Myoj, a 
 “discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
 of the winds. 
 
 An-e-mom'e-ter. [Anemom'o- 
 
 H 5*11111 ; from avzpog, the “wind,” and 
 pzTpzuy, to “measure.”] An instrument 
 for measuring the strength or velocity 
 of the wind. 
 
 Aii-e*mam'(Ntry. [Aneiuoiiie- 
 
 tria; from the same.] The art of as- 
 certaining the rapidity and direction of 
 the winds. 
 
ANE 
 
 ANG 
 
 A-nem'o-scope. [Aiicmosco'pi- 
 
 11111 ; from avepog, the “wind,” and aKoneco, 
 to “examine.”] An instrument which 
 shows the direction of the wind ; a 
 weather-vane. 
 
 Aii-eit-^e-plia li-a.- [From av, priv., 
 and eytdtpaXog, the “brain.”] A kind of 
 foetal monstrosity characterized by ab- 
 sence of the brain. 
 
 An-en-se-plial'ic. [Aneneeplaal'- 
 
 icus ; from the same.] Pertaining to a 
 monster-foetus born without a brain. 
 
 An-en-$epli'a-lous. [Anencepli'- 
 
 alus.] The same as Anencephalic. 
 
 An-en-$epli'a-lus.* A monster- 
 foetus without brains. 
 
 An-en'ter-ous. [Anen'terus; from 
 av, priv., and evrcpov , an “intestine.”] 
 Without intestines. 
 
 An-ep-i-tliym'I-a.* [From av, priv., 
 and imdvpia, “desire.”] Loss of any of the 
 natural appetites, as hunger, thirst, etc. 
 
 An'e-roid, written also An'aeroid. 
 [From av, priv., and dhp, “air.”] A de- 
 fective term, meaning “without air.” 
 See next article. 
 
 An'eroid or An'aeroid Ba-rom'e- 
 ter. An apparatus consisting of a flat, 
 circular box of some white metal, having 
 the upper and under surfaces corrugated 
 in concentric circles. This box, being 
 exhausted of air, is affected by every 
 variation of pressure in the atmosphere, 
 the corrugations on its surface giving it 
 greater elasticity. 
 
 Ail 'e-sis.* [From avirjpt, to “relax.”] 
 A remission or relaxation of a disease 
 or symptom. 
 
 A-ne'tlium.* [Gr. avrjQov.] The 
 Pharmacopceial name (Br. Ph.) of Ane'~ 
 thuni grav'eolens, or dill. 
 
 Ane'tlmm Fce-nic'u-lum.* Sweet 
 fennel; also called Foeniculum dulce , F. 
 Germanicum , F. Vulgare or Officinale, 
 Marathrum. 
 
 Ane'tlmm Grav'e-o-lens,* Ane'« 
 tli *1 in Vul-ga're.* The common dill 
 plant. 
 
 An-et'ic. [Anet'icws; from dvsoig, a 
 “remission.”] Applied to soothing medi- 
 cines. 
 
 A-net'i-ca.* Soothing medicines. 
 See Anetic. 
 
 An'e-tus.* [From dvang, a “remis- 
 sion.”] Applied by Dr. Good as a ge- 
 neric name for intermittent fever. 
 
 An-eu-ral'gi-con.* [From a, priv., 
 vevpov, a “nerve,” and dXyog, “pain.”] 
 An apparatus used by Dr. Downing for 
 applying warmth and sedative vapor for 
 relief of neuralgia. 
 
 An'eu-rism. [Alien ris'ma, at is ; 
 
 from dvevpvvcj, to “enlarge.”] Fr. Ane- 
 vrisme, a'nAvr^zm'. A tumor filled with 
 blood, from the rupture, wound, ulcera- 
 tion, or simple dilatation of an artery; 
 also applied to dilatation of the heart. 
 
 The old distinction was between true 
 and false aneurism : the former compre- 
 hends dilatation without rupture of any 
 of the arterial coats; the latter, dilata- 
 tion with rupture of some of the coats. 
 
 False Aneurism admits of some dis- 
 tinctions. When the extravasation is 
 diffused, the disease has been termed a 
 diffused false aneurism; when circum- 
 scribed, a circumscribed false aneurism. 
 The French writers term the former 
 anevrisme faux primitif, the latter a»eu- 
 risme faux consecutif 
 
 Aneurism by An-asto-mo'sis. 
 A mulberry-colored mark, in children, 
 caused by an anastomosis of the minute 
 arteries. It sometimes increases in size, 
 and is at length attended with pulsation. 
 
 An'eurism oi’tlie Heart. Enlarge- 
 ment or dilatation of the heart. 
 
 An'eu-ris'mal Nee'dle. A slender 
 instrument for passing a ligature under 
 an artery in order to tie it. Used in 
 operations for aneurism. 
 
 Aneuris'innl Va'rix. [Va'rix 
 Aneurism a'lis.] The dilatation and 
 pulsation of a vein from the passing of 
 blood into it from an artery; both, with 
 the fascia, having been wounded in the 
 act of blood-letting, all the openings 
 having become united into one by adhe- 
 sive inflammation. 
 
 Aneurysm. See Aneurism. 
 
 Anevrisme. See Aneurism. 
 
 An-frac-tn-os'I-ty. [Anfractuos'- 
 itas; from anfrac'tus , a “winding, bend- 
 ing, or turning of a way.”] A term 
 applied to the furrows or sulci between 
 the convolutions of the brain. 
 
 An-frac'tus,* plural Asa-frac'tus. 
 The same as the preceding. 
 
 Angeiospermia,* an-jl-o-sper'me-a. 
 See Angiospermia. 
 
 An-gel'i-ca.* [From an’gelus, an 
 “angel;” named from its virtues.] Gar- 
 den Angelica. A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Pentandria, natural order Umbelli- 
 ferse. Also, the Pharmacopceial name 
 (U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for the root of An- 
 gelica archangelica. 
 
 Angelica Arch-an-gel'S-ca.* The 
 plant called garden angelica. 
 
 Angelica A-tro-pur-pa're-a.* A 
 species possessing the same properties as 
 the garden angelica. 
 
 43 
 
ANG 
 
 ANG 
 
 An-gi-ee'ta-sis.* [From dyycTov, a 
 “ vessel/’ and strains, “ extension.”] Dila- 
 tation of a vessel, as aneurism, varix, 
 etc. 
 
 An-gi-i'tis.* [From ayysTov, a “ ves- 
 sel.”] Piorry’s term for inflammation 
 of vessels, particularly of the capilla- 
 ries. 
 
 An-gi'na.* [From ayyw, to “stran- 
 gle.”] Applied to diseases attended by 
 a sense of suffocation, or by sore-throat. 
 
 Angina Maligna. See Cynanche 
 Maligna. 
 
 Angina ParotMEca. See Paroti- 
 tis. 
 
 Angina Pectoris,* an-jl'na pek'to- 
 ris. Spasm of the chest. A disease at- 
 tended by acute pain, sense of suffocation, 
 and syncope. It has been called also Astli'- 
 nia dolor if iatm, Sternal' gia, Sternodyn'ia 
 syncopa'lis, Sternocar'dia, etc. 
 
 Angina Tonsillaris. See Tonsil- 
 litis. 
 
 An-gi-no'sns.* [Fromcnn/?'??**.] Hav- 
 ing Angina, or accompanied by Angina. 
 
 An-gi-o-car'pi.* [From dyycTov, a 
 “vessel,” and tap-tog, “fruit.”] The name 
 of a tribe or division of Fungi which 
 bear their seeds internally. 
 
 An-gi-©g'ra-p3iy. [Angiogra'- 
 pliia; from dyycTov, a “vessel,” and 
 ypdipco, to “write.”] A description of the 
 vessels of the body. 
 
 An-gi-o-len-^i'tis.* [From dyycTov, 
 a “vessel,” and A cvtog, “white.”] Lite- 
 rally, “inflammation of the white (or 
 lymphatic) vessels.” A diseased condi- 
 tion of the lymphatic vessels. 
 
 An-gi-ol'o-gy. [Angiolo'gia; from 
 dyycTov, a “vessel,” and A oyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] The doctrine or science of the 
 blood-vessels and absorbents. 
 
 Angiospennatons, or Angeio- 
 spernnatons, an-ji-o-sper'ma-tus. 
 [ Angiosperin'atns ; from dyycTov, a 
 “vessel,” and oncppu, a “seed.”] Hav- 
 ing seeds in a capsule, or seed-vessel. 
 
 Angiospennia,* an-ji'o-sper'me-a. 
 [From dyycTov, a “vessel,” and oneppa, a 
 “seed.”] The name of an order or divi- 
 sion of plants. 
 
 A n -gi -o- te-lec-t a's i -a, * A n -gi-o-te- 
 
 lec'ta-sis.* [From dyycTov, a “vessel,” 
 ri\og, an “extremity,” and ctrang, “ex- 
 tension.”] Extension or dilatation of 
 vessels or their terminating capillaries. 
 
 Aai-gi-ot'o-iny* [Aiigioto'niia; 
 
 from dyyciov, a “vessel,” and rcpvio, to 
 “cut.”] Dissection of the blood-vessels 
 and absorbents. 
 
 An'glc, Facial (fa/shal). [An'gn- 
 41 
 
 los Facia'lis.] A straight line from 
 the most prominent part of the forehead 
 to the front edge of the upper jaw, and 
 another from the external auditory fora- 
 men to the same point. Some writers 
 attach great importance to the facial 
 angle as a measure of the brain as com- 
 pared with the rest of the head. If the 
 fore part of the cranium (in which the 
 intellect is supposed to reside) be very 
 full, the facial angle will be large; if 
 that part be very deficient, the facial 
 angle will be proportionably small. 
 
 An gie, Op tic ; An'gle of Vis ion. 
 That formed by two rays of light pro- 
 ceeding from different objects, or oppo- 
 site extremities of the same object, and 
 meeting in the pupil. 
 
 Angli-cus Sudor.* [ An'glicvs , 
 “English,” and su’dor, “sweat.”] The 
 English sweating-fever, or the Ephem’ era 
 malig'na of Burserius, described by Dr. 
 Caius as “a contagious pestilential fever 
 of one day.” It made its first appear- 
 ance in London about the year 1480. 
 
 An'go-ne.* [From ay\u >, to “choke.”] 
 A sense of strangulation and suffoca- 
 tion. More properly written Anchone. 
 
 Angor Pectoris. See Angina Pec- 
 toris. 
 
 Angostura. See Angustura. 
 
 Angnillilormcs,* an-gwil'le-for'- 
 mez. [From anguil'la, an “eel.”] The 
 name of a family of fishes resembling 
 an eel in form. 
 
 An-gui na.* [From an'gnis, a “ser- 
 pent.”] The name of a family of reptiles. 
 
 AngniniilEC,* an-gwin'e-de. [From 
 an'gnis, a “serpent.”] The name of a 
 family of the Ophidia having the An- 
 guis for its type. 
 
 Angular (ang'gu-lar) Ar'te-ry, 
 An gular Vein. Terminations of the 
 facial artery and vein near the inner 
 angle of the eye. 
 
 An gular Pro^'oss-es. The orbitary 
 processes of the frontal bone. 
 
 An-gn-la'ris Scap'u-lje.* Another 
 
 name for the muscle called levator angnli 
 scapulce, the “elevator of the angle of 
 the scapula.” 
 
 Angnlatc, ang'gu-lat. [Angnla- 
 tus; from an'gulus , an “angle.”] Hav- 
 ing angles. 
 
 An'gii-lons, or An'gn-ldso. [An- 
 gnlo'sns; from an'gulus, an “angle.”] 
 Full of angles. 
 
 An-gns-ti-fo'll-ate, or An-gns-tn 
 I’o'II-ons. [ August i to' lens; from an- 
 gus’tns, “narrow,” and/o'/iuwi, a “lcaf.”J 
 Having narrow leaves. 
 
ANG 
 
 ANI 
 
 An-gus-ti-sep'tus.* [From angue'- 
 tux, “narrow,” and septum, a “parti- 
 tion.”] Having narrow partitions. 
 
 Angiistura (an-gus-too'ra, written 
 also Angostura) Sark. [From Angos- 
 tu'ra, the name of a town of Venezuela.] 
 The bark of Galipae'a cuspa'ria (Lond. 
 Ph.), or G. ojjicina'lis (U.S. Ph.). 
 
 August m rin, an-gus-too'rin, or An- 
 gos-tu rin. A neutral principle, ob- 
 tained by submitting the alcoholic tinc- 
 ture of angustura bark to spontaneous 
 evaporation. 
 
 An-he-la'tion. [Anliela'tio, o 'nis; 
 from anke'l-o , anhela'tum , to “ breathe 
 short.”] Shortness of breath. 
 
 Anliel'itus.* Same as Anhelation. 
 
 An-hy'drite. [From anhy'drus (see 
 next article), and \idog, a “stone.”] An- 
 hydrous sulphate of lime; a mineral. 
 
 An-hy'drous. [Anhy'drus; from 
 dv (same as a), priv., and vda >p, “water.”] 
 Without water. 
 
 An-i-dro'sis.* [From av, priv., and 
 cdpow, to “sweat.”] Diminution or sup- 
 pression of the perspiration. 
 
 Anil. See Indigo. 
 
 An-il'i© or I an -d 5 -got 'i© A$'id. An 
 acid formed by the action of nitric acid 
 on indigo. 
 
 An'i-lime. [From an'il, “indigo.”] 
 An oily liquid formed by the action of 
 caustic potash on indigo. Also applied 
 to a greenish substance obtained from 
 nitro-benzole : it forms the base of seve- 
 ral beautiful dyes. 
 
 An'I-ma.* [From avefxog , “wind,” 
 “breath,” or “spirit.”] Anciently, any 
 simple volatile substance; also, the 
 purest part of any substance. The vital 
 principle of animals or vegetables. 
 
 An'ima Ar-tic-u-lo'rum.- Lite- 
 rally, “life of the limbs;” a name given 
 to colchicum on account of its medicinal 
 virtues in rheumatism and gout. It 
 formed the basis of many popular reme- 
 dies against gout, such as the pulvis 
 arthriticus Turneri, and the Vienna gout 
 decoction. 
 
 An'i-mal.* [From an'ima , the “spirit,” 
 or “life.”] An organized body, endowed 
 with life and voluntary motion. 
 
 An'imal. [Anima'lis; from an'- 
 ima, “life.”] Having life; pertaining 
 to life. 
 
 An imal A?'id. [A^'idum Ani- 
 ma'le.] An acid existing in animal 
 bodies, or which can be obtained from 
 them, as Allantoic, Ambreic, Butyric , etc. 
 
 Animal Charcoal, or Animal Car- 
 bon. See Carbon, Animal. 
 
 Animal E-c«n'o-mjr. [CEcono'- 
 
 mia Anima'lis.] The system of all 
 matters relating to animal life; physi- 
 ology. See Economy. 
 
 Animal Heat. See Calor Ani- 
 malis. 
 
 Animal Jelly. See Gelatin. 
 
 Animal Kingdom [Reg'num 
 Anima'le. Fr. Regne Animal , reh A'ne'- 
 m&r] denotes, collectively, all those be- 
 ings possessing animal life, the study of 
 which is called Zoology. See Zoology. 
 
 Animal Magnetism. See Mes- 
 merism. 
 
 Animal Temperature. See Calor 
 Animalis. 
 
 Animalcula. See next article. 
 
 Aii-i-iiialeule. [Animalcnlum 
 (plural Aniinal cula), which see.] A 
 microscopic animal. These animals 
 doubtless exist in the atmosphere, and 
 in all rivers or pogds. Those best 
 known are — 
 
 1. Infusory Animalcules ( Animal' cula 
 Infuso'ria, often called simply Infusoria). 
 Observed in nearly all fluids impreg- 
 nated with any animal or vegetable sub- 
 stance. 
 
 2. Spermatic Animalcules. Supposed 
 to have been discovered in the semen. 
 See Spermatozoa. 
 
 And-mal cii*lum, ’ : plural An-I- 
 
 maicu-Ia. [The diminutive of an'i- 
 mal.] Literally, a “minute animal.” 
 A creature whose true figure cannot be 
 ascertained without a magnifying glass. 
 See Animalcule. 
 
 An-i-mal'i-ty- [Animal'itas,a't/«.] 
 
 The assemblage of faculties that distin- 
 guish animal organic matter; vital act- 
 ivity of an animal body, considered as 
 unity. 
 
 An-i-mal-i-za'tion. [Animaliza- 
 tio, o 'nis ; from an'imal.] The process 
 by which food is assimilated to the va- 
 rious substances of the body. 
 
 Animation. [Anima'tio, o' nis; 
 from an'imo, anima'tum, to “give life.”] 
 The effect produced by the vis vitae. 
 (“power of life”), by which life is begun 
 and maintained. 
 
 Animation, Suspended. See As- 
 phyxia. 
 
 Anime, an'e-me. A resinous sub- 
 stance, improperly called gum anime, said 
 to be obtained from the Hymensea Cour- 
 baril, and used in perfumes, varnishes, 
 and certain plasters. It resembles copal 
 in appearance, and is often sold under 
 that name. 
 
 An'I-mists. [From an'ima , the 
 45 
 
ANI 
 
 ANO 
 
 “soul.”] Those physiologists who refer 
 all the phenomena of the living body to 
 the direct agency of the soul or a prin- 
 ciple distinct from the body. 
 
 An'I-oii.* [Gr. dv'iMi, the present par- 
 ticiple cf aveifu, to “ascend.”] A term ap- 
 plied by Dr. Faraday to the body which 
 passes to the positive pole — to the anode 
 of the decomposing body — as it is sepa- 
 rated by elec ricity. See Ration. 
 
 Anise, an'iss. The Pimpinella An- 
 isusi, which see. 
 
 An'a-soed,or An'ise-seed. The seeds 
 of the Pimpinel'la ani'sum, much used as 
 a carminative. 
 
 Anisette de Boimleaux, an'n&'- 
 zet' deh booR'do'. A liqueur made by 
 distilling anise, fennel, and coriander 
 seeds, previously steeped in brandy, 
 with sugar, and one-half water. 
 
 Anisi Semina. See Aniseed. 
 
 An-i-so-jpet a-lous. [ Anisopet'a- 
 lns; from dviaog, “unequal,” and pet'a- 
 lum .] Having unequal petals. 
 
 An-i-so-ptiyl'lons. [Anisopliyl 
 Ins; from dviaog, and (pv^ov , a “leaf.”] 
 Having unequal leaves. 
 
 An-i-so-stem'o-nous. [Aniso- 
 stem'onis; from dviaog, and arfipiov, a 
 “stamen.”] Having unequal stamens. 
 
 A-ni'suni.* [From dvirjyit, to “emit.”] 
 Anise. The Pharmacopoeia! name (U.S., 
 Lond., and Ed. Ph.) for the fruit of Pim- 
 pinel'la ani'svm. See Aniseed. 
 
 An ker. A liquid measure used at 
 Amsterdam, containing about thirty-two 
 gallons English wine-measure. 
 
 An-ky-lo-blepli a-ron.* [From 
 ayKvhr), “noose,” and (Dityapov, the “eye- 
 lid.”] A preternatural union of the 
 two eyelids. 
 
 An-ky-Io-glos'sI-a,* or An-cy-Io- 
 glos'sl-a.* [From dyKv\rj, a “noose” or 
 “bridle,” and y\wooa, the “tongue.”] A 
 natural defect termed tongue-tie. 
 
 An-ky-lo'sis.* [From dytcv'Xr}, a 
 “clasp.”] The consolidation of the ar- 
 ticulating extremities of two or more 
 bones that previously formed a natural 
 joint; stiff-joint. 
 
 AiMieal iitg. [From the Saxon 
 on -eel an, to “set on fire,” to “make 
 hot,” to “burn.”] The process by which 
 substances naturally hard and brittle 
 are rendered tough. It consists in rais- 
 ing the substance (glass or metal) to be 
 annealed, to a high temperature, and 
 then causing it to cool very slowly. 
 
 Annelhhr. See Anellata. 
 
 An-nof to. [Derivation uncertain.] 
 A kind of reddish dye, obtained from 
 46 
 
 the Bixa Orellana , or Orleana ; the 
 Terra Orleana of the shops. 
 
 Aii'nn-ens,* plural An-iin-en'tes. 
 
 [From an'nuo , to “nod.”] Applied to the 
 muscles called Recti antici capitis , be- 
 cause they are employed in nodding the 
 head. 
 
 Amuilar Bone. See Os Annulare. 
 
 An'nu-lar Car'ti-lag-e. [Cartilago 
 Annula ris.] The cricoid cartilage. 
 
 An nular Lig a-ment. [Liganien - 
 
 tum A n ms la re.] A strong ligament 
 encircling the -ankle; also, the wrist. 
 
 An'nular Process, Annular 
 Pro-tu 'foe-ranee. [Processus An- 
 nularis, Protuberan'tia Annula - 
 ris.] The Pons Varolii ; also called 
 Tuber annulare , and Corpus annulare. 
 See Pons Varolii. 
 
 Annular Vein. [Annularis 
 
 Vena.] The vein between the little 
 and ring fingers. 
 
 An-nu-la'tus.* [From an'nnhts, a 
 “ring.”] Having rings: an'nulate, or 
 an'nulated. Applied in the neuter plu- 
 ral ( Annnla'ta ) to a class of worm-like 
 animals. See Anellata. 
 
 An'nu-lid-a.^ The same as Anel- 
 lata, which see. 
 
 An'nu-Ius.* A Latin word, signify- 
 ing “ring,” forming a part of a number 
 of anatomical names. 
 
 Annulus Abdominis. See Ab- 
 dominal Ring. 
 
 An nulus Cil-i-a'rls.* The ciliary 
 circle or ligament; a white ring homing 
 the bond of union between the choroid 
 coat of the eye, the iris, and the corona 
 ciliaris. It is the annulus gaugliformis 
 tunicse choroid eee of Soemmering. 
 
 An nulus Bigr-a-men-to'sns.^ The 
 ciliary circle or ligament. See Annulus 
 Ciliaris. 
 
 An nulus O-va'lis.* The rounded 
 margin of the septum which occupies 
 the place of the foramen ovale in the 
 foetus. It is also called the an'nulus 
 foram'inis. 
 
 An ode. [From and, “up,” and b$6g f 
 a “way.”] In electro-chemical action, 
 that part of the surface of the decom- 
 posing body into which the electric cur- 
 rent “ascends” or enters. 
 
 A-nod'ic. [A nod ieus : from the 
 same.] Used by some writers in the 
 same sense as Anastaltic. 
 
 An'o-dyne. [Anod'ynus; from av, 
 priv., and uivun, “pain.”] Applied to 
 medicines which assuage pain : antal'gic. 
 See Sopiens. 
 
 A-noni'a-lI-fflo'roiis. [Anomali- 
 
ANO 
 
 ANT 
 
 fto rus ; from anom'alus , and flos, a 
 “flower.”] Having anomalous flowers. 
 
 A-nom'a-li-petle. [Anom'alapes, 
 p 'edis; from anom'alus, and pes, a 
 “foot.”] Having anomalous feet. 
 
 A-nom'a-l©-£ep2i'a-lus.* [From 
 oh / jfnaXoz, “irregular,” and Kt^aAt), the 
 “head.”] One whose head is deformed. 
 See Anomalous. 
 
 A-noiii'a-lous. [Anom'alus; from 
 av, priv., and GjuaXo,, “level,” “even,” 
 “regular.”] Applied to diseases or 
 symptoms out of the regular course. 
 
 A- 2 iojn-o-£epli'a-lus.* [From u, 
 priv., a “ law” or “ rule,” and KcfiaXfj, 
 the “head.”] One whose head is deformed; 
 the same as Anomalocephalus. 
 
 An-oan'plia-loiis. [Anem'pSialus ; 
 from dv, priv., and dp[>a\6s, the “navel.”] 
 Having no navel. 
 
 A-aon'^-mus.^ [From av, priv., and 
 tiv'pa, a “name.”] Literally, nameless. 
 A term formerly applied to the cricoid 
 muscle. 
 
 An-opli-thal'iiaa-a.' 5 ’ [From av, priv., 
 and 6l)3a\[x6;, the “eye.”] The condi- 
 tion of being without eyes. 
 
 Aift-op-lo-tI*e'ri-ua>i.* [From av, 
 priv., o7t\ov., “armor,” nmlfinpiov, a “beast.”] 
 A fossil animal found in the Paris tertia- 
 ries, destitute of horns, tusks, or claws. 
 
 An-op'si-g..** [From a>, priv., and 
 “vision.”] Defect of sight. 
 
 Aii-or'cliaus. [Aaior'cSmis; from 
 av, priv., and opx^, a “testicle.”] Having 
 no testicles. 
 
 An-o-rex'i-a.* [From av, priv., and 
 ope$i;, “desire,” “appetite.”] Want of 
 appetite: an'orexy. A genus of the order 
 Difsorexise, class Locales, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 A:i»rmal. See Abnormal. 
 
 An-os'ml-a.* [From av, priv., and o,a), 
 to “smell.”] Loss of the sense of smell. 
 
 An-os-plire'si-a.* [From av, priv., 
 and 07 J)p 70 -if , the “sense of smell.”] Loss 
 of the sense of smell, 
 
 An-o'tus.* [From av, priv., and ovg, 
 cord;, the “ear.”] Without ears. 
 
 An'ser.* A goose. In the plural 
 (An’ser-es) it is applied to an order of 
 birds including all the web-footed water- 
 fowl. 
 
 An-ser-i'aius.* [From an'ser, a 
 “goose.”] Pertaining to a goose: an'- 
 serine. See Pes Anserinus. 
 
 Ant-a^'id. [From avA, “against,” 
 and hffidum, an “acid.”] Destroying 
 or counteracting acidity, by combining 
 'with and neutralizing it. 
 
 Ant-ac'rid. [Antac'ridus ; from 
 
 avri, “against,” and ac' riclns, “acrid.”] 
 Correcting an acrid condition of the se- 
 cretions. 
 
 Aut-ago-nism. [AiaSagonisimis ; 
 
 from avri, “against,” and dycovC^co, to 
 “contend.”] The action of muscles op- 
 posed to each other in their office. 
 
 Aait-ag 'o-iaasl. [Aifttagonis'ta; from 
 the same.] Applied to muscles whoso 
 function is opposed to that of others, as 
 abductors and adductors, extensors and 
 flexors, etc. 
 
 Ant-al'^BC. [Antal'g-ictis; from 
 avA, “ against,” and u\yog, “ pain.”] The 
 same as Anodyne. 
 
 Ant-ari&a-Hne. [Antallk.ali'miH ; 
 
 from dvA , “against,” and ul'kali.] Neu- 
 tralizing alkalies. 
 
 Antaplfti*o<lisiac, ant'af-ro-dizh'e- 
 ak, Ani-aplfro-dit'ic. [Antaphro- 
 disi'acus, Autaphrodflt'icus ; from 
 avri, and ' Ac^poSirr], the name of “ Venus,” 
 also “venereal desire.”] Tending to sub- 
 due amorous desire: anti-venereal. 
 
 Ant-arc'tic. [An tare 'tic us; from 
 avri, “against,” and dptcrucos, “pertaining 
 to the north.”] Opposite the north ; 
 southern. 
 
 Antarc'tic Cir'cle. A circle extend- 
 ing 23£ degrees from the South Pole, and 
 marking that portion of the southern 
 hemisphere within which at the winter 
 solstice the sun does not set. 
 
 Ant-ar-tJfirit'ic. [AntaB*tfitrit'icus; 
 from avri, “ against,” and apOplng, “ gout.”] 
 Relieving gout. 
 
 Ant-astf El-mat 'ic. [ An t asthma t r - 
 
 icus; from avri, “against,” and uo-fyia.] 
 Relieving asthma. 
 
 Aiftt-a-tro'pfoic. [ Aifttatropli'icus ; 
 
 from dvA, “against,” and drpo<[>ia, “atro- 
 phy,” “defect of aliment.”] Overcoming 
 atrophy. 
 
 Antetflexi©,* an-te-flek'she-o. [From 
 an'te , “before,” and flee' to, flex' um, to 
 “bend.”] A bending forward: anteflexion. 
 
 Antellex'io U'ter-i.* Anteflexion 
 of the womb ; the fundus sinking for- 
 ward between its cervix and the neck 
 of the bladder. 
 
 An-ten'iia,* plural Ain-teift'mae. [A 
 
 Latin term signifying a “sail-yard,” and 
 applied to the horns of insects, because, 
 extending on each side of the head, they 
 are supposed to resemble the yard-arms 
 projecting on each side of the mast of a 
 ship.] Certain articulated filaments in- 
 serted in the heads of the Crustacea and 
 Insecta, peculiarly devoted to a delicate 
 sense of touch. They are popularly 
 called horns , or feelers . 
 
 47 
 
ANT 
 
 ANT 
 
 An-ten'nate. [Antenna'tns.] 
 
 Having antennte. 
 
 Aii-ten-nife-roiis. [Antennlf 'e- 
 
 rus ; from anten'na, and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
 .Bearing antennse. 
 
 Aii-ten'ni-form. [Antennifoi*'- 
 
 mis ; from anten'na .] Having the form 
 of antennse ; resembling antennse. 
 
 An-te-pec'tus.* [From an'te, “ be- 
 fore/’ and pec'tus, the “ breast.”] The 
 anterior segment of the Pectus , or inferior 
 surface of the trunk in insects. 
 
 Ant-epSi-I-ftl'tic. [Antephialti- 
 cus; from avri, “against,” and tyidXrng, 
 “nightmare.”] Efficacious against 
 night-mare. 
 
 Ant-ep-i-lep ' tic. [Antepilep ' ti- 
 
 cus ; from duri, and imXeipia, “ epilepsy.”] 
 Efficacious against epilepsy. 
 
 An-te'ri-oiv* Before, as applied to 
 muscles and nerves. 
 
 An-te-ster'mim.* [From an'te , 
 “before,” and ster’num, the “breast- 
 bone.”] In Entomology, the first or 
 anterior division of the sternum. 
 
 Anteversio,* an-te-ver'she-o. [From 
 an'te , “before,” and ver'to, ver’sum , to 
 “turn.”] A turning forward. 
 
 Amtever'si© U'tcr-i.* (“Ante version 
 of the Womb.”) Displacement of the 
 uterus, the fundus being thrown forward, 
 so as to compress the neck of the blad- 
 der, the mouth being turned to the 
 sacrum. 
 
 Aiit-Iiicm-or-rlia&'ie. [Anthsem- 
 
 ©rrliag'icus; from tim, “against,” and 
 al i*o (pay i a , “haemorrhage.”] Checking 
 haemorrhage. 
 
 Aiit'he-lix.* [From dm, “against,” 
 “opposite to,” and cAi£, the “helix.”] 
 The inner circular ridge of the external 
 ear. 
 
 An-thel-min'tic. [AntlieiEnm'- 
 
 ticus; from aim, “against,” and cXpivg, 
 tXpivBog, a “worm.”] Expelling worms 
 from the intestinal canal : vermifuge. 
 
 An'the-mis.* [From di/Bifo, to “flow- 
 er.”] Chamomile. A Linnaean genus of 
 the class Synr/enesia, natural order Com- 
 positse (sub-order Corymbiferse). The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || of the Axthemis 
 Nobilis, which see. 
 
 An'thcmis Jtob'i-liis.* The herb 
 which yields chamomile flowers ; called 
 also Cham^we'lum, Cham;emf/lum No'- 
 bile, and Chamomtl'la Roma'xa. 
 
 Anllieinis Pyr'e-tbrum.* The 
 pellitory of Spain. The root of this 
 plant, called Pyrethrum by the Pharma- 
 copoeias, is a powerful sialagogue. On 
 account of its acrid and stimulating 
 48 
 
 properties, it is used as a masticatory 
 in the toothache, rheumatism of the 
 face, etc. 
 
 An'tlier. [Anthe'ra; from avBog, a 
 “flower.”] The part of the flower which 
 contains the pollen, or the male fecun- 
 dating principle. It is the head and 
 essential part of the stamen. 
 
 An-ther-id'i-um.* [The diminutive 
 of anthe'ra.’] Applied in the nominative 
 plural ( Antherid'ia ) to collections of 
 cells found in cryptogamous plants con- 
 taining bodies analogous to the sperma- 
 tozoa of animals. 
 
 An-ther-if 'er-oits. [AntheriFe- 
 
 rus; from an'ther , and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing anthers. 
 
 An-the'sis.* [From dvBiw, to “flow- 
 er.”] The production of flowers. 
 
 Anthiarin, an-the'a-rin. The active 
 principle of a gum resin obtained from 
 the Anlhiaris toxicaria. 
 
 An-thi-a'ris (or An-ti-a'ris) Tox- 
 l-ca'ri-a.* The scientific name of the 
 Upas Tree, which see. 
 
 An-tho-car'pous. [Anthocar'- 
 p«s; from avBog, a “flower,” and tcapnog, 
 “fruit.”] A term applied to fruits pro- 
 duced from masses of flowers adhering 
 to each other, like the pine-apple. 
 
 An-tko-^y'a-nuin.* [From avBog, a 
 “flower,” and sva.og, “blue.”] A sub- 
 stance obtained from the blue of flowers. 
 
 An-tho'di-um.* [From avBog, a 
 “flower.”] A kind of calyx, common to 
 many flowers. 
 
 An-thog-'ra-phy. [Anthogra'- 
 pliia; from avBog, a “flower,” and 
 ypd<p(t), to “ write.”] A description of 
 flowers. 
 
 An'thoid. [Antlioi'des; from avBog, 
 a “flower,” and elcog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a flower. 
 
 An'tho-llte. [Antholi'tes; from 
 
 avBog, a “flower,” and XiBog, a “stone.”] 
 The fossil impression of a flower. 
 
 An-thol o-gy. [Antholo'gia; from 
 
 avBog, a “ flower,” and Adyoj, a “ discourse.”] 
 A treatise on flowers, their nature, quali- 
 ties, appearance, etc. 
 
 An'tlio-ny’s Fire, Saint. [Ig'nis 
 Sanc'ti Anto iiii.] Another name for 
 Erysipelas, which see. 
 
 Aii-thoph'I-liis.* [From dvBoq, a 
 “flower,” and (piXog , a “lover.”] Lite- 
 rally, “loving flowers.” Applied in the 
 neuter plural ( Anthoph'ila ) to a family 
 of hymenopterous insects : anthoph'ilous. 
 
 Aii-tlio-plio'ri-um,* And liopli'o- 
 riim.* [From avBog, a “flower,” and 
 <pcpa), to “ bear.”] A prolongation of the 
 
ANT 
 
 ANT 
 
 receptacle, bearing petals, stamen, and 
 pistil : an an'thophore. 
 
 An- tiiox-an' thin. [AntBioxan- 
 tlai'na; from drdog, a “flower,” and 
 lai'QiJs, “ yellow.”] A substance obtained 
 from the yellow of flowers. 
 
 An-tlara'ci-a.* [From dvdpa^, a 
 "coal.”] See Fiiambcesia. 
 
 Antllira'cia Ru'fou-la.* Dr. Good’s 
 term for the disease called “the yaws.” 
 See Frambcesia. 
 
 An-tUira-cif er-ous. [Anttiracir- 
 
 erns; from avQpa%, “coal” or “carbon,” 
 and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Containing car- 
 bon. 
 
 An'tflira-cite. [AntUiraci'tes; from 
 avQpa.%, a “coal,” and YOog, a “stone.”] 
 A species of stone-coal burning without 
 smoke and with little or no effluvia. 
 
 Antforaco'des. The same as An- 
 thracoi'des. See Anthracoid. 
 
 An'tbra-coid. [Anthracoi'des ; 
 from dvBpa\ y “coal,” and eidog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling carbuncle; having the na- 
 ture of carbuncle. 
 
 An-tlara-c*ok'a-li. The name given 
 to a remedy recently employed in certain 
 herpetic affections. The simple prepa- 
 ration consists of a levigated coal-dust 
 and pure potassa; the sulphurated pre- 
 paration is composed of sulphur, levi- 
 gated coal-dust, and caustic potassa. 
 
 An-thra-co-tlie'rl-uin.* [F rom 
 <D0pa£, “coal,” and Bppiov, an “animal.”] 
 A fossil animal found in coal and in 
 sandstone. 
 
 Anthrax, a c/s.* *[Lat. Carbun' cu- 
 ius, a “ little coal ;” Gr. dvBpa£, a “ coal.”] 
 A carbuncle. A hard, circumscribed, in- 
 flammatory dark-red or purple tumor, 
 accompanied by a sense of burning, re- 
 sembling a boil, but having no central 
 core. 
 
 An-tlhro-pog'en-y'. [AntBiropo- 
 ge'nia; from a^Bpoarog, a “man,” and 
 yeveais, “generation.”] The generation 
 of man. 
 
 An-tfliro-pog'ra-play. [Asitlaro- 
 pogra'ptaia; from asQpwo;, a “man,” 
 and ypa0co, to “write.”] A history or 
 treatise on the structure of man. 
 
 An'ttaro-poid. [Anttaropoi'des; 
 from ai/OpcjTTogy a “man,” and el6og, a 
 “form.”] Resembling man. 
 
 An-tSirop'o-lite. [Anttiropoli'- 
 tes? from uvApwrof, a “man,” and YiOog , 
 a “stone.”] A petrifaction of human 
 bones. 
 
 An-tli ro-pol'o-gy* [ Aialla ropolo'- 
 
 gia; from avBpcjnog, a “man,” and \6yog , 
 a “ discourse.”] A treatise on man ; a 
 5 * 
 
 description of man ; also, the science 
 which treats of the physical and intel- 
 lectual nature of man. 
 
 An-tliro-pom 'e-try. [Antliropo- 
 nie'tria; from uvBpoj-nog } a “man,” and 
 ptTpov, a “measure.”] Measurement of 
 the dimensions of man. 
 
 An-thro-po-inor'ptious. [Authro- 
 pomor' pirns; from afipwnog, a “man,” 
 and popi[,riy “ shape.”] Formed like man ; 
 man-shaped. 
 
 A n-t h ro*poph 'a-gus,* plural An- 
 ttiro-popli'a-gi. [From uvdpojnog, a 
 “man,” and (payu >, to “eat.”] One who 
 eats human flesh ; a cannibal. 
 
 An-thro-popSi'a-gy* [Antliropo- 
 
 plia'gia; from the same.] The eating 
 of human flesh. 
 
 A n-t h ro-pos 'co-py . [ A 11 1 li r opo- 
 
 sco'pia; from avOpcoTrog, a “man,” and 
 oKonzcjy to “ observe.”] An inspection of 
 the lineaments of man. 
 
 An-ttiro-po-soma-tol'o-gy- [An- 
 
 tiiroposomatolo'gia; from arBpcjzog, a 
 “man,” acopa, the “body,” and A 6yog f a 
 “discourse.”] A description of the 
 structure of the human body. 
 
 An-tliro-pos'o-pliy* [Anthro- 
 
 poso'pliia; from dvBpwrrrog, a “man,” 
 and ooipia , “wisdom.”] Knowledge of 
 the nature and general character of 
 man. 
 
 An-tliro-pot'o»m5 r . [Antliropoto'- 
 
 mia; from dvBpojnog, a “man,” and rrpi/w, 
 to “cut.”] The dissecting of man; hu- 
 man anatomy 
 
 Ant-li5 r p-not'ic. [Anthypnot'i- 
 
 cws; from dm, “against,” and vttvoj, 
 “sleep.”] Hindering sleep. 
 
 Ant-iiyp-o-ehon'drl-ac. [Anthyp- 
 oehoiMlri aeus; from dm, “against,” 
 and viroxov&piaiKog , “hypochondriac.”] 
 Overcoming hypochondriasis. 
 
 Ant*hys*ter'ic. [Antliyster'iciis ; 
 from dm, “against,” and hyste'ria.] 
 Overcoming hysteria. 
 
 Anti-. [Gr. dm.] A prefix signify- 
 ing “ against,” “opposed to,” or “cor- 
 rective of ;” as anti-bilious , auti-lithic, etc. 
 
 Aii-ti'a-des.* [The plural of dmd$, 
 avTidfog, a “tonsil.”] Another name for 
 the tonsils. 
 
 An-ti-a-di'tis.* [From dvrtag, avTidtiog, 
 a “ tonsil.”] Inflammation of the tonsils. 
 Antiaplirodisiac. See Antaphro- 
 
 DISIAC. 
 
 Antiaras. See Anthiaris. 
 Antiartliritic. See Antarthritic. 
 An'ti-as.* The singular of Antiades, 
 which see. 
 
 Antiasthmatic. See Antasthmatic. 
 
 49 
 
ANT 
 
 ANT 
 
 Antiatrophlc. See Antatrophic. 
 
 Antibrachial, an-te-bra'ke-al. [An- 
 tibrachia'lis.] Belonging to the anti- 
 brachium, or fore-rrm. 
 
 Aii-ti-bra'dii-uiii.- [From avri, 
 “ against," and brci'chium, the “arm.”] 
 The fore-arm, as opposed to, when bent 
 upon, the proper arm. 
 
 An-ti-ca-eliec'tic. [Antacactiec'- 
 tieus; from avri, “ against/’ and ca- 
 chex'ia, a “bad habit of body.”] Op- 
 posed to cachectic diseases. See Ca- 
 chexia. 
 
 An-ti-car'dl-um.^ [From avri, 
 “ against,” and KapS'ia, the “ heart.”] 
 The scrobic' ulus cor'dis , or pit of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Antfictieir,* an'te-klr. [From avri, 
 “ against,” and X £l p, the “hand.”] Op- 
 posed to the hand. A name sometimes 
 applied to the thumb. 
 
 An-ti-cli'Bial. [ Anticlina'lis ; from 
 avri, “against,” and cli'no , to “bend.”] 
 Bending in opposite directions. Applied 
 in Geology to strata which decline both 
 ways from a longitudinal ridge, called 
 the anticlinal axis. 
 
 An-ti-din'ic. [Amtidin'icus; from 
 avri, “against,” and 6ivog, “giddiness.”] 
 Believing from giddiness, or vertigo. 
 
 An'ti-dote. [Anfid'otiim, Antid'- 
 otus ; from dun, “against,” and <5t<5 opt, 
 to “give.”] A medicine given to coun- 
 teract the effects of poison. 
 
 Antidotus. See Antidote. 
 
 An-ts-dys-en-ter'ic. [Antidysen- 
 ter'ieus; from avri, “against,” and 
 ojozvTtpia, “dysentery.”] Preventing or 
 curing dysentery. 
 
 AntiephiaUic. See Antephialtic. 
 
 Antiepileptic. See Antepileptic. 
 
 Aai-fi-feb'rile. [Antifebri'lis ; from 
 avri, “against,” and fe'bris, a “fever.”] 
 Subduing fever ; febrifuge. 
 
 An-ti-g-a-lac'tic. [Antigalac'ti- 
 cus; from avri, “against,” and yaXa, 
 “milk.”] Lessening the secretion of 
 milk. 
 
 An-ti-hec'tic. [Antiliec'tieus;from 
 
 avn, “against,” and cKritcog, “hectic.”] 
 Assuaging hectic fever. 
 
 Aniilielix. See Anthelix. 
 
 Antilielmintoc. See Anthelmintic. 
 
 An-ti-hy-drop'ic. [Aiitihydrop'- 
 iens; from duri, “against,” and vdpoxp, 
 “dropsy.”] Curative of dropsy. 
 
 AnliBiypnotic. See Anthvpnotic. 
 
 Antitiypoeliondriae. See Anthyp- 
 
 OCnONDRI AC. 
 
 Antiliysteric. See Antiiysteric. 
 
 An-ti-Ic-t€r'ic. [ Anti-Ictcricus ; 
 
 50 
 
 from dun, “against,” and ik repog, the 
 “jaundice.”] Curative of Icterus, or 
 jaundice. 
 
 An-tl-litb ic. [Antilith'icus; from 
 
 avri, “against,” and A iOog, a “stone.”] 
 Preventing the formation of stone, or 
 calculus. 
 
 An-tl-lo'bS-um.* [From avri, “a« 
 gainst,” and A oSog, the “lobe of the ear.”] 
 The tragus, or part opposite the lobe of 
 the ear. 
 
 An-li-loi'mic, or An-ti-lop'mic. 
 [Antiloi'micus; from dun, “against,” 
 and \oipbg, the “plague.”] Curative of 
 plague or pestilence of any kind. 
 
 An-ti-lys'sic. [F rom dun, “ against,” 
 and A vaaa, “canine madness.”] A re- 
 medy against hydrophobia. 
 
 An>ti-mo'ni-al. [Aiitimonia'lis ; 
 from antimo'niuni.] Pertaining to anti- 
 mony. 
 
 Antimo'nial Pow'der. The Pulvis 
 antimonialis (Ed. and Dub. Ph.), or Pul- 
 vis antimonii compositvs (Lend. Ph.), used 
 as a substitute for James’s Powder. 
 
 Antimo'nial Wine. [Vl'mim An- 
 timo'nii.] A solution of tartar emetic 
 in sherry or other wine; two grains of 
 the tartar emetic being contained in 
 every fluidounce of the preparation. 
 
 An-ti-mo'nl-ate. [Antimo'nias, 
 a 'tis; from antimo'nicum ag'idum.] A 
 combination of antimonic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 An-ti-mon'ic A$'id. [Antimo'ni- 
 ciim A^'idum.] A substance other- 
 wise called peroxide of antimony. 
 
 Aii-ti-mo'ni-ous A^'id. Formed 
 by exposing the white hydrate of the 
 peroxide of antimony to a red heat. 
 
 An-tim'o-nite. [Antini'onis, i’tis ; 
 from antiiuo'mous a$id.] A combination 
 of antimenious acid and an alkaline 
 base. 
 
 Antimoninm. See Antimony. 
 
 Aii-ti-nio'nI-11111 Tar-tar-l-sra'- 
 
 tum.* The Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. 
 and Dub. Ph.) of emetic tartar, or aiiti- 
 monii potassio-tartras (Lond. Ph.), or tar- 
 tarized antimony. See Tartar Emetic. 
 
 Aii'tl-nio-ny. [Antimo'niiini ; 
 conjectured to be derived fiom avri, 
 “against,” and min'ium , “ vermilion 
 because used in aid of rouge for height- 
 ening the complexion.] A metal of which 
 many of the compounds are used in 
 medicine. 
 
 An-tf-nc-plirit'ic. [Antinepfirit'- 
 
 ieus; from dun , “against,” and popping, 
 “disease of the kidneys ”] Curative of 
 diseases of the kidneys. 
 
ANT 
 
 ANT 
 
 An-tin'i-ad. Applied the same as 
 Xintinial used adverbially. See GLA- 
 BELLAR. 
 
 An-tin i-al. [From avri, "against,” 
 and iuiov, the " occiput.”] Opposite the 
 occiput. Applied by Dr. Barclay as 
 meaning towards the glabella, or space 
 between the eyebrows. 
 
 A ntiodon talgic. See Antodontal- 
 
 GIC. 
 
 An-ti-or-gras'tlc. [Antiorgas'ti- 
 ciis ; from ai/ri, " against,” and opyd^u), 
 to " excite.”] Allaying excitement; sy- 
 nonymous with sedative. 
 
 An'tl-par-a-stjv-ti'tis.* [From an- 
 tiparas' tat se, Cowper s glands.] In- 
 flammation of Cowper’s glands. 
 
 An-tip'a-thy. [Antipathi'a.* Gr. 
 avTiiradeia; from avri, "against,” and 
 ndOo;, "feeling,” "affection.’'] Any op- 
 posite properties in matter; also, aver- 
 sion to particular objects. 
 
 An-tl-p^r-I-stal'tic. [Antiperi- 
 stal'ticus; from avri, "against,” and 
 peristal 1 tie. 1 Applied to inverted peri- 
 staltic motion of the bowels. See Peri- 
 staltic. 
 
 An-ti-pcs'ti-len-tial. [From avri , 
 " against,” and pestilen tia, "pestilence.”] 
 Same as Antiloimic. 
 
 An-ti-pliar 'inic. [From avri, "a- 
 gainst,” and (pappaxui >, a "poison.”] The 
 same as Alexipharmic. 
 
 An'ti-phlo-gis'tic. [Antiphlo- 
 gisticus; from dvri, "against,” and 
 (pXiyd), to "burn.”] Applied to treatment 
 intended to subdue inflammation, or ex- 
 citement of the system in inflammatory 
 complaints. 
 
 Antiphthisic, an-te-tiz'ik. [Anti- 
 phthis'icus ; from avri, "against,” and 
 "consumption.”] Checking phthis- 
 is, or consumption. 
 
 An-tl- physic. [Antiphys'icus ; 
 
 from avri, "against,” and (pmacn , to "in- 
 flate.”] Dispelling flatulency. Also, 
 against nature [from (f>vjig , "nature”]. 
 For the purpose of distinction it would 
 perhaps be preferable to write Antiphu'- 
 sic when we mean "dispelling” or "cor- 
 rective of flatulency.” 
 
 An-ti-plas'tic. [Antlplas'ticiis s 
 from dvrt, " against,” and irXdaaoi, to 
 "form.”] Unfavorable to healing, or 
 granulation ; disorganizing. 
 
 An-ti-plefi-rit'ic. [Antipleurat'- 
 icus; from dvri, " against,” and nXzvpLTig^ 
 "pleurisy.”] Curative of pleurisy. 
 
 An-tl-po-dag'ric. [Antipocftag'ri- 
 cus; from dvn, "against,” and noddypa, 
 the "gout.”] Curative of gout. 
 
 An-tl-pros'ta-tse Glan'du-la?.* 
 
 The antiprostate glands; a name for 
 Cowper' 8 glands ; also called Antiparas' - 
 tat se. 
 
 An-tl-pros-tat'ic. [Aiatiprostat'- 
 icus : from avri, "against,” and pros'- 
 tata glan'dula, the "prostate gland.”] 
 Opposite the prostate gland. 
 
 An-tl-pros'ta-tus.* The same a9 
 AnTIPR(/STATIC. 
 
 An-tip-sor'ic. [Antipsor'icus ; 
 
 from am, " against,” and 4 /J ^P a > the 
 "itch.”] Curative of the itch. 
 
 An-tl-py'ic. [Autipy'icus : from 
 avri, "against,” and nvov, “pus.”] Pre- 
 venting suppuration. 
 
 Aai-tl-py-ret'ic. [Aaatipyret'icaas ; 
 
 from dvii, " against,” andn-upcroj, " fever.”] 
 Curative of fevers. Antifeb'rile : feb'ri- 
 fuge. 
 
 An-tl-py-rot'ic. [Antipyrot'iciis ; 
 
 from dm , " against,” and rvp, " lire.”] 
 Curative of burns. 
 
 An-tl-quar-ta-isa'ri-an, An-ti- 
 quar'tan. [Antiquartana'riusi from 
 avri, "against,” and quarta'na fe'bris, a 
 "quartan fever or ague.”] Curative of 
 quartan ague. 
 
 Antirachitic, an-te-ra-kit'ik. [An- 
 tirachit'icus; from dm, "against,” 
 and rachi’tis, " rickets.”] Corrective of 
 rachitis. 
 
 Antiscii,* an-tish'e-i, the plural of 
 Antiscius, an-tish'e-us. [From avri, 
 " against,” and (tkicl , a "shade” or 
 "shadow.”] Having their shadow in 
 opposite directions at noon, as the peo- 
 ple north and south of the equator: 
 antis'cious : antis'cian. 
 
 An-ti-scol'ic. [Antiscol'icus; from 
 dvri, "against,” and o-v/>A> ?£, a "worm.”] 
 Against worms ; capable of expelling 
 worms : vermifuge ; anthelmintic. 
 
 An-ti-scor-bu'tic. [Antiscorbu'- 
 tacus: from avri, " against,” and scor- 
 bu'tus , the disease "scurvy.”] Correct- 
 ive of Scorbutus, or scurvy. 
 
 Aai-ti-scrof'u-lous. [Antiscrofu- 
 lo su§; from avri, "against,” and scrof- 
 ula , the " king’s evil.”] Curative of 
 Scrofula. 
 
 An-tl-sep'tic. [Antisep'ticus ; 
 
 from avri, "against,” and o-i?7ra), to "pu- 
 trefy.”] Preventing putrefaction. 
 
 An-ti-spas-mod 'ic. [Antispas- 
 mod'icus; from avri, "against,” and 
 a-xa'jpdq, a " spasm.”] Allaying spas- 
 modic pains. 
 
 An-ti-spas'tic. [Antispas'ticus ; 
 
 from avri, "against,” and cnzdoi, to 
 "draw.”] Literally, "drawing against 
 51 
 
ANT 
 
 APE 
 
 or in an opposite direction.” Counter- 
 acting a state of spasm. Synonymous 
 with Anti spasmodic. 
 
 An-ti-syph'i-lit'ic. [Aiitisyphi- 
 lit'icus; from avri, “ against,” and 
 syph'ilis .] Curative of syphilis. 
 
 Aii-titti'e-iiar.* [From avri, “ a- 
 gainst,” and Qsrap, the “ hollow of the 
 hand or foot.”] Applied in Anatomy to 
 the muscles Adductor ad indicem of the 
 hand, and Adductor of the great toe. 
 
 AntfltBiora. See Anthora. 
 
 An-ti4rag'i-eii§. $ Belonging to 
 the antitragus : antit'ragic. 
 
 Ai»-tit'ra-g , ws.* [From avri, “a- 
 gainst,” and tragus.] The thicker part 
 of the antihelix, opposite the tragus. 
 
 An-tit 'ro-poias. [Antit'ropiis ; 
 from avri, “ against,” and Tponfi, a “ turn- 
 ing.”] Applied, in Botany, to the em- 
 bryo when the radicle is distant from the 
 hilum, the cotyledons being next to the 
 latter; inverted. 
 
 AiB-ti-ve-iie're-al. [Antsvene're- 
 
 us; from avri, “ against,” and veue'reus, 
 “ venereal.”] Curative of venereal 
 disease. 
 
 Aii-ti-zym'ic. [Antizyrn'icus ; 
 
 from avri, “ against,” and uooj, to “ fer- 
 ment.”] Preventive of fermentation. 
 
 Ant'Bi-a.* [From aj/rXia, a “ pump.”] 
 The spiral apparatus by which certain 
 insects draw up the juices of plants. 
 
 Ant'Iia Lac'te-a, $ An&'lia Mani- 
 ma'ri*a. $ An instrument for drawing 
 milk from the breast: a milk-pump; a 
 breast-pump. 
 
 Ant-o-don-tal'gic. [Antodontal'- 
 
 gicus; from avri, “ against,” and otov- 
 TaXyia, a “ toothache.”] Curative of the 
 toothache. 
 
 Asitonii, Ignis Saaicti. See Ery- 
 sipelas. 
 
 AiBloa-gastie. See Antiorgastic. 
 
 An-tri'tis.* [From an'trum, a “cave” 
 or “ cavity.”] Inflammation of any 
 cavity of the body. 
 
 Aii'trnm. $ [From avrpov, a “cave.”] 
 A cavity. Applied specially to one in 
 the upper maxillary bone, termed An' - 
 tru m High in o ri a'n um. 
 
 An trum Biiccinosnmp buk-sin- 
 o'siirn. [From hue' cine, a “trumpet.”] 
 The trumpet-like cavity, or cochlea of 
 the ear. 
 
 ABB'triim ^re'nse.* According to 
 Quincy, the name given by Casserius to 
 the Antrum H ighmoriamim before High- 
 more discovered it. 
 
 Antrum IliglBUBoriauum. See 
 
 Highmorianum, Antrum. 
 
 52 
 
 An'trnm Max-il'lse,* Antrum 
 Max- il-la ' re,* An trum of Higli - 
 iBBore. The Antrum Highmorianum. 
 
 Antrum Py-lo'rl. * The small 
 extremity of the stomach near the 
 pylorus. 
 
 Ants, Acid of. See Formic Acij>. 
 
 An-u'ri-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 ovpov, “ urine.”] Defective secretion of 
 urine : an'ury. 
 
 A' ib us.* [From an'nus , a “circle.”] 
 The extremity of the rectum: the fun- 
 dament. 
 
 Aibus, Artificial. See Artificial 
 
 Anus. 
 
 Aibus, Imperforate. See Atresia, 
 
 Atretus. 
 
 Anx-I'e-ty. [Anxi'etas, a'tis ; from 
 
 anx'ius, “ anxious,” (from ay^co, to 
 “choke,” to “digress”).] A settled 
 expression of anxiety in the features 
 forming a dangerous symptom in acute 
 diseases. 
 
 A-oi*'ta.* [Gr. doprrj, from dcipco, to 
 “raise up,” to “support,” to “suspend;” 
 because it is supported or suspended 
 from the heart.] The large arterial 
 trunk arising from the left ventricle of 
 the heart, and giving origin to every 
 artery except the pulmonary and its 
 ramifications. 
 
 Ao rleuB'y sma,* or Aortenrisma,* 
 
 a-ort-u-riz'ma. [From doprfij and dnvpvno, 
 to “dilate.”] Aneurism of the aorta. 
 
 A-ortlc. [Aor'ticus.] Belonging 
 to the aorta. 
 
 A-or-ti'tis, icfrs.* [From aor'fa.] In- 
 flammation of the aorta. 
 
 A-psi^'y-BBOus. [Apag'ynus; from 
 ana%, “once,” and yn ir/, a “woman,” 
 “one who brings forth.”] Applied to 
 plants which fructify but once and then 
 die. See Gynaecology. 
 
 Ap'a-thy. [Apatbi'n; from a, priv., 
 and i rdOo$, “feeling,” “passion.”] Ab- 
 sence or privation of all passion, dilu- 
 tion, or excitement. 
 
 Ap'a-tite. A phosphate of lime. 
 
 A-pep'si-a.* [From a, priv., undirsrrw, 
 to “cook,” to “digest.”] Imperfect 
 digestion. A term formerly used for 
 dyspepsia. 
 
 A-pe'rfl-ent. [Apc'riens; from 
 ape'rio , to “open.”] Opening. Applied 
 to a medicine which gently opens the 
 bowels. 
 
 A-per'lor, o 'vis* [From ape'rio , 
 aper'tum , to “open.”] Literally, “that 
 which opens.” The Levator pulpehrat 
 superioris ; otherwise, the Apeitor oculi 
 (“opener of the eye”). 
 
APE 
 
 APL 
 
 A-pet'a-lous. [Apeta'leus: from 
 a , priv., and pet' alum, a “ petal.”] Hav- 
 ing no petals. 
 
 A'pex.* The point or extremity of a 
 cone: hence applied to parts of the body 
 supposed to resemble a cone, as the apex 
 of the heart, of the tongue, etc. 
 
 Aplueresis,* a-fer'e-sis. [From and, 
 “ from,” and dipea), to “take.”] A term 
 formerly applied to that branch of Sur- 
 gery whose business it is to cut off or 
 remove any portion of the body. 
 
 Aph-a-iiop't>e-rus, ; * or Aph-a-uip'- 
 tc-rus. ; * [From dparhg, “invisible,” and 
 irrepoi>, a “wing.”] In the neuter plural 
 (Aphanip'tera, or Aphanop'tera) applied 
 to a family of insects apparently with- 
 out wings: aphanop'terous. 
 
 Aph-e'Ii- 011 .* [From and, “from,” 
 and i'lXiog, the “sun.”] A term used in 
 Astronomy to denote that point of a 
 planet’s orbit farthest from the sun. 
 
 A-phelx'I-a.* [From a'peXsa), to “ draw 
 away.” See Apo.J Aphelxia socors , ab- 
 sence of mind; Aphelxia in tenia, abstrac- 
 tion; Aphelxia otiosa, revery or brown 
 study. 
 
 Aphides. See Aphis. 
 
 Aph-I-dipli'a -guis.* [From a' phis, 
 and (payetv, to “ eat.”] Applied in the 
 plural masculine ( Aphid iph'ayi) to a 
 family of Coleoptera which feed on 
 Aphides: aphidiph'agous. 
 
 A-phiil'i-us.* [From a' phis.] Be- 
 longing to the Aphides. In the plural 
 masculine {Aphid’ ii) applied to a family 
 of hemipterous insects : aphid'ious. 
 
 Apli-I-div'o-rous. [Aphiiliv'orus; 
 from a' phis, and vo'ro, to “devour.”] 
 Eating aphides. 
 
 A'phis, idis,* plural Aphides, af'e- 
 dez. The plant-louse, the type of a 
 family of Hemiptera. 
 
 A’phis Vas-ta'tor.* A species of 
 aphis remarkable for its destructive 
 powers. See Vastator. 
 
 Aph-lo-gis'tic. [Aphlogis'ticus ; 
 from a, priv., and 0Xo£, a “ flame.”] W ith- 
 out flame. 
 
 A-pho'ni-a.* [From a, priv., and (povii, 
 the “voice.”] Loss of voice: aph'ony. 
 A genus of the order Dyscinesiee , class 
 Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. See 
 Axaudia, Vox Akscissa. 
 
 A-plio'ri-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 (pspio, to “bear.”] Barrenness; sterility; 
 inability to conceive offspring. 
 
 Aph'o-rism. [From arpopifa, to 
 “limit,” to “define.”] A maxim. The 
 Aphorisms of Hippocrates, a celebrated 
 work, containing various maxims or 
 
 short, pithy sentences relating to medi- 
 cine. 
 
 Aph-ro-dis'i-a. [From ’A ippo6iTp,Ve 
 nus; ’AcppoSicnog, “pertaining to Venus,” 
 “ venereal.”] Morbid or immoderate de- 
 sire of venery. The generative act. Also 
 termed Aphrodisiasmus. 
 
 Aphrodisiac, af-ro-dizh'e-ak. [Aph- 
 rotlisi'acus, Aphrodis'ius; from the 
 same.] Applied to medicines or food 
 supposed to excite sexual desire or to 
 increase the generative power. 
 
 Aphrodisiasmus. Same as Apiiro- 
 djsia. 
 
 Aph'tha,* plural Aph'tlue. [From 
 (orro), to “set on fire.”] Ulcers of the 
 mouth, beginning with numerous mi- 
 nute vesicles and terminating in white 
 sloughs. Aphthae constitute the charac- 
 teristic symptoms of “thrush,” and also 
 occur in other diseases. 
 
 Aph'tthoid. [Aplithoi'des: from 
 aph'lha, and eidog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling aphthae. 
 
 Aphthous. [Aphtho'sus; from 
 aph'tha.] Of the appearance or full of 
 aphthae. 
 
 A-phyl'lous. [Apliyllus: from a, 
 priv., and (pvXXov , a “leaf.”] Without 
 leaves. 
 
 Apiaceous, a-pe-a'shus. [Apia'- 
 ceus.] Having an arrangement as in 
 Apium. 
 
 Ap-i-ca'lis.# [From a’pex, ap'icis.] 
 Belonging to the apex: ap'ical. 
 
 Ap-I-ca'tus.* Having a conspicuous 
 apex: ap'icated. 
 
 A -pic 'u -Ins.-* [The diminutive of 
 a! pex.\ A term used in Botany to denote 
 the projection of the midrib beyond the 
 end of the leaf; a small, sharp, short 
 point. 
 
 A'pis Mel-lif'i-ca.* [A' pis, a “bee,” 
 mel , “honey,” and facio, to “make.”] 
 The honey-bee, affording honey and wax. 
 
 A'pl-um.* A genus of the Linngean 
 class Pentandria, natural order Umhelli - 
 ferae, including the garden-plants celery 
 and parsley. 
 
 A'piuni Grav'e-o-lens* (or gra- 
 ve'o-lens). The common celery. (Fr. 
 Ache, Ash.) When wild, growing in wet 
 places, it is acrid and poisonous; when 
 cultivated in dry ground and partially 
 blanched, it is used as salad. It is 
 slightly aperient and carminative. 
 
 A'piuan 5*e- 1 r o-sc-1 i nn eu , •* other- 
 wise called Feiroscli'amm Sa-ti'- 
 vum. Common parsley, the root and 
 seeds of which are diuretic and aperient. 
 
 Ap-la-uat'ic. [Aplanat icus ; from 
 53 
 
APL 
 
 APP 
 
 j, priv., and n \avdo), to "wander,” to 
 “ err/’] Corrective of the aberrations 
 of the rays of light. 
 
 A-plas'tic. [Aplas'ticus; from a, 
 priv., and nXdaaw, to “form.”] That 
 cannot be organized. 
 
 Apleuria,* a-plu're-a. [From a, priv., 
 and nXevpd, a “rib.”] An organic devia- 
 tion characterized by the absence of ribs. 
 
 Ap-iieii'ri-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 nvtvpwv, the “ lung.”] An organic devia- 
 tion characterized by the absence of lungs. 
 
 Apnoea,* ap-ne'a, or Ap-neus'ti-a.* 
 [From a, priv., and nvea), to “breathe.”] 
 Partial privation or entire suspension 
 of the breath. 
 
 Apo. [Gr. cbro.] A prefix signify- 
 ing “from,” “off,” “away.” Before a 
 word beginning with h the o is dropped 
 and the p blended with the following 
 letter: thus, ajjo-helko (from and and 
 cXko)), to “draw away,” is contracted 
 into apkelko (a^tXvoj). 
 
 Ap-o-car'pous. [Apocarpus ; 
 from and, “from,” and xapndg, “fruit.”] 
 Having capsules distinct from each other. 
 
 Ap-o-^e-n® 'sis,** plural Ap-o-^e-n©'- 
 ses. [From and, “from,” and xerow, to 
 “ empty out.”] Increased discharge, flux, 
 or evacuation. 
 
 Apocymaceae,* a-pos-se-na'she-e. 
 An order of dicotyledonous plants in 
 some respects resembling Asclepiadacesc, 
 but of rather more suspicious properties. 
 See Apocynum. 
 
 Apocynaccous, a-pos-se-na'shus. 
 [Apocyna ceus.] Applied to plants 
 resembling the Apocynnm, or dog’s bane. 
 
 Ap-o-cyn'e-us.* Same as Apocyna- 
 ceus. 
 
 Apocynflra, or Apocynine, a-pos'- 
 se-nin. A bitter principle obtained from 
 the Apocynnm cannabinum , or Indian 
 hemp, or dog’s bane. 
 
 Apocynnm,* a-pos'se-num. A plant 
 called dog’s bane, the root of which is 
 sometimes used as an emetic. 
 
 Ap'o-dei.* [Formed in the plural from 
 a, priv., and nov$, noddg, a “foot.”] Lite- 
 rally, “without feet.” A term applied 
 to fishes without ventrals, or fins which 
 correspond to legs and feet. 
 
 Ap'o-dus.* [From the same.] With- 
 out feet: ap'odous. Applied in the plu- 
 ral neuter (Ap'oda) to an order of Jia- 
 diata Echinodermata . 
 
 Ap'o-gree. [Apogse um ; from and , 
 “from,” and yn, the “earth.”] That 
 point of the orbit of tho sun, or of a 
 planet, most distant from the earth. 
 
 Ap-o-neu-ro'gis.* [Froman-d, “ from,” 
 54 
 
 and vevpov, a “nerve.”] (Fr. Aponevrose, 
 Apo'naVitoz'.) Expansion of a tendon, 
 or tendons, into a fibrous membrane. 
 
 A-popSi'y-sis,* plural A-popliy-ses. 
 [From and, “ from,” and c/wco, to “ produce,” 
 to “grow.”] A process or protuberance 
 of bone. Also applied to excrescences 
 growing from the receptacle of certain 
 mosses. 
 
 Ap-o-plec'tic. [Apoplec'ticus.] 
 
 Pertaining to apoplexy. 
 
 Ap-o-plex'I-a Pul-mo-na'ris.* 
 
 {“ Pulmonary Apoplexy.”) Extravasa- 
 tion of blood in the lungs from the rup- 
 ture of vessels. 
 
 Ap'o-pWx-y. [Apoplex'ia; from 
 and , “from,” “away,” and nXdaooi, to 
 “strike.” Hence anonXwacj signifies to 
 “strike away,” — i.e. to “strike into un- 
 consciousness or insensibility;” so to 
 “faint away ” means to faint so com- 
 pletely as to become unconscious.] A 
 disease produced by congestion or rup- 
 ture of the vessels of the brain, and 
 causing a sudden arrest of sense and 
 motion, the person lying as if asleep, 
 respiration and the heart’s action con- 
 tinuing. 
 
 Ap'oplexy, Cw-ta'ne-ons. A French 
 
 term ( apoplcxic cutanee, Apo'plex’e' kii'- 
 t&'niP) for sudden determination of blood 
 to the skin and adjacent cellular mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Ap-os-te'ma, a tis.* [From dfoerrjpt, 
 to “depart from.”] An abscess: an 
 ap'osteme. See Abscess. 
 
 A-potfli'e-ca-ry. [Apotheea'rius; 
 from anoOfixri, a “repository” or “store.”] 
 One who keeps a store of drugs; one 
 who sells drugs and puts up prescrip- 
 tions. In Great Britain an apothecary, 
 besides selling and compounding drugs, 
 is entitled to practise medicine, and is 
 in fact a sort of sub-physician. 
 
 Ap-o-the'^I-a,* Ap-o-tlie'^i-um.* 
 [From anodfixr}.] A botanical term ap- 
 plied to the receptacle enclosing the re- 
 productive corpuscles in the lichens. 
 
 A-poth'e-ma, a «/*.* [From and , and 
 Oepa, a “deposit.”] A brown powder 
 deposited when vegetable extract is sub- 
 mitted to prolonged evaporation. 
 
 Ap-pa-ra'tus. [From ap'paro , ap- 
 para'tum, to “prepare,” to “arrange.”] 
 Instruments or mechanical arrange- 
 ments for experimenting, operating, etc. 
 Sometimes applied to organs in animals 
 and plants. 
 
 Ap-pen'dl-$e& Ep-I-plo'I-^a*.* In 
 
 Anatomy, a term applied to prolonga- 
 tions of the peritonaeum, filled with a 
 
APP 
 
 AQU 
 
 soft, fatty substance, attached along the 
 large intestines only. 
 
 Ap-pen-dic'u-la.* [The diminutive 
 of appen’dix. J A little appendage, or 
 appendicle. 
 
 Appentlicula Vermiformis. See 
 
 Appendix Vermiformis. 
 
 Ap-pen-clic'u-late. [Appemlicu- 
 la'tus; from appendid ula.\ Having 
 appendicles. 
 
 Ap-pen'<iix, icw* plural Ap-pen'- 
 
 «ii-$es. [From ad, “to,” and pen' do, to 
 "hang" or "join."] A part of or addi- 
 tion to a thing: an appendage. 
 
 Appen'dix Ver-mi-for'inis,* or 
 Appen'dix £ae'ci Ver-mi-for'nai». ;: 
 (The "worm-shaped appendage of the 
 caecum.”) A small process of the caecum, 
 which hangs into the pelvis. It is 
 often called the Append i d ula vermi- 
 fo/ mis. 
 
 Appert’s (ap'paiRz') Process. A 
 method introduced by M. Appcrt (ap v - 
 paiu') for preserving articles of food un- 
 changed for several years. The articles 
 are enclosed in bottles, which are filled 
 to the top with any liquid, and hermeti- 
 cally closed. They are then placed in 
 kettles filled with cold water, and sub- 
 jected to heat till the water boils; the 
 boiling temperature is kept up for a con- 
 siderable time, after which the bottles are 
 suffered to cool gradually. Instead of 
 bottles, tin canisters are sometimes used, 
 and rendered tight by soldering. 
 
 Ap'pe-tence or Ap'pe-ten-c^. 
 [From ap'peto, appeti’ turn, to "desire.”] 
 The disposition of organized beings 
 to acquire and appropriate substances 
 adapted to their support. Also an ardent 
 / desire or longing for any object. 
 
 Ap'pe-tite. [Appeti'tus; from the 
 same.] The natural desire for food. 
 Also, any natural inclination by which 
 we are incited to act; inordinate desire: 
 lust. 
 
 Appetite, Canine. See Bulimia. 
 
 Appetite, l>epraved. See Pica. 
 
 Appetite, Insatiable. See Bu- 
 
 limia. 
 
 Appetite, Boss of. See Anepi- 
 
 THYMIA. 
 
 Appetite, Voracious. See Bu- 
 
 limia, Adepiiagia. 
 
 Ap'ples, A^'id of. See Malic Acid. 
 
 Ap-po-si'tioai. [Apposi'tio; from 
 ad, "to,” or "on,” and po'no, pos'itum, 
 to " put,” or " place.”] Literally," placing 
 or depositing on” or "in addition to.” 
 Applied in Surgery to the supplying of 
 deficient parts by placing portions of the 
 
 adjacent integuments, etc. in contact. 
 Sometimes used synonymously with 
 Prosthesis (which see). Also applied 
 to the deposition of matter which takes 
 place in the growth of the non-vascular 
 tissues, such as horn, the nails, etc. 
 
 Ap-pres'sus.* [From ap'primo, ap- 
 pres'8urn, to “press close.”] A Lrin in 
 Botany, signifying "pressed close to.” 
 
 Ap'ter-us.* [From a, priv., and tttc- 
 pov, a "wing.”] Applied in the plural 
 neuter ( Ap'tera ) to a family of insects 
 which have no wings: ap'tcrous. 
 
 A-py-ret'ic. [Apyret'icus; from a, 
 priv., and irvperos, " fever.”] Having no 
 fever or febrile excitement. 
 
 Ap-y-rex [From a, priv., and 
 
 a "fever” or "paroxysm.”] Ab- 
 sence of fever, or intermission of its 
 paroxysms: ap'yrexy. 
 
 Ap'y-rons. [From a, priv., and s -Up. 
 "fire.”J A term applied to bodies which 
 sustain the action of a strong heat for a 
 long time without change of figure or 
 other properties. It is synonymous with 
 refractory. 
 
 Aq.= A' qua* "Water," or A' quae, 
 "Of water.” 
 
 Aq. Bull. = A f qua bul’ liens* " Boil- 
 ing water.” 
 
 Aq. Destil. = A’ quae deslilla’tse * 
 "Distilled water.” 
 
 Aq. Ferv. = A’ qua fer’vens.* " Hot 
 water.” 
 
 Aq. Font. = A’ quae fon’tis or fonta’- 
 nec.* "Fountain or spring water.” 
 
 Aq. Marin. = A' qua mari’na.* " Sea- 
 water.” 
 
 Aq. Pur. = A’ quae pu’rae* "Pure 
 water.” 
 
 Aqua,* a'kwa, plural Aquse, a'kwe. 
 [As if ae' qua, from its equal surface.] 
 Water: the Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. 
 and Ed Ph.) for spring-water. Accord- 
 ing to the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, "natural 
 water in the purest attainable state.” 
 The principal varieties of water (not 
 medicated) are the following: — 
 
 A'qua Destilla'ta.* [From destil'lo, 
 dest ilia’ turn, to " distil.”] Distilled water, 
 having a vapid taste from the absence 
 of air, and slightly empyreumatic, in 
 consequence, probably, of the presence 
 of a small quantity of extractive matter 
 which has undergone partial decomposi- 
 tion. 
 
 A'qua ex Flu'mine.* [From flu-men, 
 flu’ minis, a "river.”] Literally, "water 
 from the river.” River-water, generally 
 of considerable purity, but liable to hold 
 in suspension particles of earthy matter, 
 55 
 
AQU 
 
 AQU 
 
 wnich impair its transparency and some- 
 times its salubrity. 
 
 A'qua ex La'cu.* [From la'cus, a 
 “lake.”] Lake-water. A collection of 
 rain, spring, ajid river waters, sometimes 
 contaminated with various animal and 
 vegetable bodies, which, from its stag- 
 nant nature, have undergone putrefac- 
 tion in it. 
 
 A'qua ex Ni've.* [From nix, ni'vis, 
 “snow.”] Snow-water, differing appa- 
 rently from rain-water only in being 
 destitute of air, to which water is in- 
 debted for its briskness and many of its 
 good effects upon animals and vegeta- 
 bles. 
 
 A'qua ex Palu'de.* [From pa'lus , 
 palu'dis, a “ marsh” or “ swamp.”] 
 Marsh-water; the most impure, as being 
 the most stagnant, of all water, and 
 generally loaded with decomposing 
 vegetable matter. 
 
 A'qua ex Pu'teo.* [From pu'teus, 
 a “well.”] Well-water; essentially the 
 same as spring-water, being derived 
 from the same source, but more liable to 
 impurity from its stagnation or slow in- 
 filtration. 
 
 A'qua Fonta'na.- [From fons,fon'tis, 
 a “fountain.”] Spring- water; contain- 
 ing, in addition to carbonic acid and car- 
 bonate of lime, a small portion of mu- 
 riate of soda, and frequently other salts. 
 Spring-water which dissolves' soap is 
 termed soft; that which decomposes and 
 curdles it is called hard. 
 
 A'qua Mari'na.* [From ma're, the 
 “sea.”] Sea- water; containing sulphate 
 of soda, the muriates of soda, mag- 
 nesia, and lime, a minute proportion of 
 potash, and various animal and vegetable 
 bodies. 
 
 A'qua Pluvia'lis.* [From a'qua , 
 “water,” and plu'via , “rain.”] Rain- 
 water; the purest form of natural water, 
 yet holding in solution carbonic acid, a 
 minute portion of carbonate of lime, and 
 traces of muriate of lime. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia;. See Liquor Am- 
 monite. 
 
 Aqua Amygdala* Amarrc. See 
 
 Bitter Almonds, Water of. 
 
 A'qua Bl-nel'll.* An Italian quack 
 medicine, supposed to be a solution of 
 creasote, and celebrated at Naples for 
 arresting haemorrhage. 
 
 Aqua Calcis. See Liquor Calcis. 
 
 Aqua ( anig>lior:e. See Camphor. 
 
 A'qua Cha-lyb-e-a'ta.* An arfifi- 
 6ial mineral water, consisting of a solu- 
 tion of citrate of iron highly charged 
 56 
 
 with carbonic acid gas and flavored by 
 a little aromatized syrup. 
 
 A'qua For'tis.* (“ Strong Water.”) 
 
 A name formerly applied to nitric acid, 
 on account of its powerfully corrosive 
 properties. It is distinguished by the 
 terms double and siiujle, the latter being 
 only half the strength of the former. 
 Concentrated nitric acid, however, is 
 much stronger even than double nitric 
 acid. 
 
 A'qua Re'gi-su* (“Royal Water.”) 
 
 A mixture of nitric and muriatic acids. 
 
 A'qua Vi 'tie.* (“Water of Life.”) 
 Ardent spirits of the first distillation. 
 
 Aquae,* a' k we, gen. A>qiia'niin, the 
 plural of A'qua. “Water.” 
 
 A'quae Min-e-ra'les.* [From viine- 
 ra'lis, a modern Latin term for our word 
 “mineral.”] “Mineral waters;” a term 
 conventionally applied to such waters 
 as are distinguished from spring, lake, 
 river, or other waters by peculiarities 
 of color, taste, smell, or real or supposed 
 medicinal effects. Mineral waters are 
 of four principal kinds: — 
 
 Acid'ulous. Owing their properties 
 chiefly to carbonic acid: they are tonic 
 and diuretic, and in large doses produce 
 a transient exhilaration. 
 
 Chalyb'eate. Containing iron in the 
 form of sulphate, carbonate, or muriate: 
 they have a styptic, inky taste. 
 
 Sa-line'. Mostly purgative, and ad- 
 vantageously employed in those hypo- 
 chondriacal and visceral diseases which 
 require continued and moderate relaxa- 
 tion of the bowels. 
 
 Sulphu'reous. Deriving their cha- 
 racter from sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 
 Aqua; Stillatitiae,* a'kwe stil-la- ' 
 tish'e-e, also called Aquae Destilla'- 
 tae.* Distilled waters; waters impreg- 
 nated with the essential oil of vegetables, 
 principally designed as grateful vehicles 
 for the exhibition of more active reme- 
 dies. 
 
 Aq'ue-<Iuct. [Aqnaeduc'tus; from 
 
 a'qua, “water,” and duc'tus, a “canal” 
 or “passage.”] Literally, a “passage 
 for water,” though applied in Anatomy 
 to several canals in the body not always 
 containing fluid. 
 
 Aq'ueduct of the Coch'le-a. [Aq- 
 uaeduc'tus Coclt'leee.] A foramen of 
 the temporal bone, for the transmission 
 of a small vein from the cochlea. 
 
 Aq'ueiluet of Fal-lo'pl-us. [Aq- 
 uaMluc'tiiN lallopii.] The canal by 
 which the portio dura winds through the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone 
 
AQU 
 
 ARB 
 
 Aq'uwhict of Syl'vi-us. [Aqnse- 
 (luc'tus Syl'vii.] The canal which 
 extends backwards under the tubercula 
 quadrigemina into the fourth ventricle 
 of the brain. 
 
 Aq'uecluct of the Ves-tib'n-lum 
 or of the Ves'ti-bfile [Aqiucdnc'tus 
 Vestib'uli], also called the Aq'uechiet 
 of Co-tun/ni-us [Aquseduc'tus €o- 
 tuii'nii]. The commencement of a 
 small canal which opens upon the pos- 
 terior surface of the petrous portion of 
 the temporal bone of the cranium and 
 transmits a small vein. 
 
 Aqueous, a'kwe-us. A term now 
 coming into use for designating definite 
 combinations with water. The term 
 hydrate has long been employed for the 
 same purpose. A prefix is used when 
 there is more than one atom, as in bin- 
 aqueous, ter-hydrate. 
 
 Aq ueous ISu'mor. A colorless 
 fluid in the anterior and posterior cham- 
 bers of the eye. 
 
 Aquila,* ak'wi-la. Literally, an 
 "eagle.” A term which had formerly 
 many epithets joined with it to denote 
 particular substances: thus, aquila alba , 
 seu mitigata, was one of the fanciful 
 names of calomel. 
 
 Aquula,* ak'wul-a. [The diminutive 
 of a'qua y “ water.”] Literally, a “ small 
 particle of water.” Applied to any 
 small aqueous tumor, and sometimes to 
 a fatty tumor under the skin of the 
 eyelid. 
 
 Aq'uula A-cous'ti-ca.* The fluid 
 in the cavity of the vestibule of the in- 
 ternal ear. 
 
 Ar'a-bic, Gum. See Gummi Acacia. 
 [This word is very often pronounced 
 a-rd'bic, a fault to be most carefully 
 avoided by all those who desire to speak 
 correctly.] 
 
 Araeeae,* a-ra'she-e, or Aroideae,* 
 ar-o-i'de-e. The Arum tribe of monoco- 
 tyledonous plants, containing an acrid 
 and in some cases a highly dangerous 
 principle. 
 
 A-rach'iii-da,* A-racIi 'ni-des.* 
 
 [From dp'i\vr], a “ spider.”] The third 
 class of the Diplo-gangliata or Ento- 
 moida, comprising articulated animals, 
 generally with four pairs of legs, with- 
 out wings or metamorphosis. 
 
 A-racb-aai'tis, i dis.% [From dpdxn i, 
 a “spider,” also a “spider’s web.”] A 
 faulty term, denoting inflammation of 
 the arachnoid membrane. 
 
 A-raoli'noid. [Araclmoi'des ; 
 from dpdxrrj, a “spider’s web,” and ridoj, 
 6 
 
 “form” or “resemblance.”] Resembling 
 a spider’s web. Applied to the second 
 or middle membrane of the brain. 
 
 Arachnoid Canal. See Bichat, 
 Canal op. 
 
 Arach'noid Mem brane. Meninx 
 media. The fine cobieeb-like membrane 
 situated between the dura and pia mater. 
 It is the serous membrane of the cerebro- 
 spinal centres. 
 
 A-racBi'no-i-di'tis,* or A-raeti-m'- 
 
 tis.* Inflammation of the arachnoid 
 membrane. 
 
 Arack. See Arrack. 
 
 Ar-se-oin'e-ter, or Ar-e-om'e-ter. 
 
 [From dpaiog , “thin,” “light,” and perpov, 
 a “measure.”] An instrument for de- 
 termining the specific gravity of liquids 
 into which it is plunged, by the depth 
 to which its weight causes it to sink in 
 them. This instrument is also termed a 
 hydrorn'eter. The art or process of 
 measuring the density or gravity of 
 liquids is termed arseom’etry. 
 
 A-ra'li-a Can-a-den'sis.* Another 
 name for the Panax Quinquefoliunt, or 
 Ginseng. 
 
 Ara'lia His'pl-da,* or Dwarf Elder. 
 A plant sometimes used in dropsy in the 
 form of decoction. 
 
 Ara’lia Nu-di-cau'lis,* or Wild Sar- 
 saparilla, is a stimulant tonic and dia- 
 phoretic. It is sometimes used as a sub- 
 stitute for the true sarsaparilla. It is 
 known also by the names of American 
 Spikenard (Na/dus America' nm) and 
 Small Spikenard, etc. 
 
 Ara'lia Ra^-e-mo'sa,* or American 
 Spikenard, is analogous in its medical 
 properties to the preceding. 
 
 Araliaceae,* a-ra-le-a'she-e. A natu- 
 ral order of plants of the Aralia tribe. 
 
 A-ra-li-a'ceous. [Aralia'ceus.] 
 Having an arrangement as in the Aralia. 
 
 Ar-a-ne i-dae.* [From ara'nea , a 
 “ spider.”] A family of the Arachnides 
 Pulmonarise. 
 
 A-ra/ne-ous. [Araneo'sus ; from 
 ara'nenm , a “ spider’s web.”] Of the 
 nature of spider’s web. 
 
 Arantii (a-ran'she-i), Cor'pd-ra .- 3 
 Small tubercles, one in each semilunar 
 valve of the aorta and pulmonary arte- 
 ries ; called also Corpora sesamoidea and 
 Nodnli A ranti i. 
 
 Ar bor, or is.* A “tree.” A plant 
 having a single trunk, rising high, dura- 
 ble, woody, and divided into branches 
 which do not perish in winter. In 
 Chemistry it is applied to any crystalli- 
 zation which ramifies like a tree. 
 
 57 
 
ARB 
 
 ARC 
 
 Ai 'foor IM-a'nse.* A “ silver tree.” 
 [From Dia’na, the “moon/’ and hence, 
 like luna, denoting “ silver.”] A beau- 
 tiful arborescent precipitate of silver 
 produced by throwing mercury into a 
 dilute solution of lunar caustic (nitrate 
 of silver). 
 
 Ar bor Ma'ris.* [From ma're, gen. 
 maria, the “ sea.”] The “tree of the 
 sea.” A name given to coral. 
 
 Ar bor Mm-e-ra'lis Pliil-o-sopla'- 
 I-ca,* Ar bor PSii-loso-pBio'rum.* 
 
 The Arbor Di arise. 
 
 Ar'bor Vi'tse.* [From rt'<a, “life.”] 
 Literally, the “ tree of life.” Applied to 
 the thick mass of white substance in 
 either hemisphere of the cerebellum. 
 This mass, when cut parallel to the 
 median line, presents an arborescent or 
 tree-like appearance, caused by the in- 
 termixture of the white substance with 
 the cineritious. Also applied to the tree 
 called Thuya Occidenta' fis. 
 
 Ar-bo'rc-oais. [Arbo reus; from 
 ar'bor, a “tree.”] Belong ng to a tree; 
 dendroid. 
 
 Ar-bo-res'^ent. [Arbores'cens ; 
 
 from arbor es' co, to “grow like a tree.”] 
 Growing like a tree; resembling a 
 tree. 
 
 Ar-bus'cu-la.* [The diminutive of 
 ar'bor, a “tree.”] Applied to the bran- 
 chiae of certain Anellata: an ar'buscule 
 or ar'buscle. 
 
 Ar'budus U'va Ur'si.* The trailing 
 arbutus, or bear’s whortleberry; now 
 called Arctostaphylos uva ursi. 
 
 Arc. [Ar'cus; see Arch.] Any part 
 of the circumference of a circle. 
 
 Ar'ca Ar-ca-no'rum.* Literally, a 
 “chest of secrets.” The alchemical name 
 of the philosopher’s stone. 
 
 Ar-ca'na,* gen. Ar-ca-no'rum, the 
 plural of Arcanum, which see. 
 
 Ar-ca'num.* [From ar'ca, a “chest” 
 or “coffer” in which precious things 
 were carefully kept.] A secret. A nos- 
 trum or medicine the composition of 
 which is concealed. 
 
 Arch. [Ar'cus.] Literally, a “bow.” 
 A bending in the form of a bow. Any. 
 arc. or part of the circumference of a 
 circle. 
 
 Arch, Fem'o-ral. [Ar'cus Fein- 
 
 ora'lis.] The name of a considerable 
 arch formed over the concave border of 
 the pelvis. It is bounded above by 
 Poupart’s ligament, below by the border 
 of the pubes and ilium. Also termed the 
 crural arch. 
 
 Arch of the A-or'ty. The curved 
 58 
 
 parts between the ascending and de- 
 scending portions. 
 
 Archencephalus,* ark-en-sefa-lus. 
 [From dpxos, “chief,” and zyK£(ba\ov, the 
 “brain.”] Applied by Galen to man, 
 because of the intellectual development 
 of his brain : archenceph'alous. 
 
 Ar-« he-olo-gy. [ Arcliaeolo'gia ; 
 from apxalog, “ ancient,” and \6yog, a 
 “discourse.”] A discourse or treatise 
 on ancient things or antiquities. The 
 science or knowledge of antiquities. 
 
 Ar'che-type. [ Archet'ypus ; from 
 apxn, “beginning,” “origin,” and rvnog, 
 a “type.”] The original type on which 
 others are formed. 
 
 Ar'chil ( ch as in child). A violet-red 
 paste, prepared from the Lichen Roc- 
 cella, or Orseille, and other species of 
 lichen, and used in dyeing. 
 
 The plant (Lichen Roccella), reduced 
 to a pulp and treated with impure am- 
 moniacal liquor, yields a rich purple 
 tincture, called litmus, or turnsole, used 
 in Chemistry as a test. 
 
 Ar-diop-to'ma,* or Ar-cliop-to'- 
 sis.* [From dpxd<g, the “ anus,” and n ruipa, 
 or 7 TTuxng, a “falling.”] Prolapsus ani. 
 A descent of the rectum. See Prolap- 
 sus. 
 
 Ar-cho-syr'inx.* [From ap\6g , the 
 “anus,” and ovpiy£, a “pipe,” “fistula.”] 
 Another term for fistula in ano. 
 
 Ar'$i-form. [ Arcifor'inis ; from 
 ar'cus, a “bow” or “arch.”] Formed 
 like an arch. 
 
 Ar'ciform Fi'bres. A term applied 
 by Mr. Solly to a set of fibres which 
 proceed from the corpus pyramidale 
 and pass outwards beneath the corpus 
 olivare to the cerebellum. He distin- 
 guishes them into two layers, the super- 
 ficial cerebellar and deep cerebellar fibres. 
 
 Arctatio,* ark-ta'she-o. [From arc to, 
 arcta'tum, to “bind closely,” to “make 
 narrow.”] Constipation of the intes- 
 tines; also, a preternatural contraction 
 of the vagina. 
 
 Arc'tic. [Arc'ticus: Gr. dpicriKog, 
 “belonging to the north,” from 'A p*erog, 
 the constellation called “ The Bear,” 
 situated near the North Pole.] North; 
 northern. 
 
 Arc'tic Cir'clo. A circle extending 
 23£ degrees from the North Pole, mark- 
 ing that portion of the northern hemi- 
 sphere within which the sun at the sum- 
 mer solstice does not set. 
 
 Arc'ti-um Fap'pa.* The herb called 
 I burdock, belonging to the Linnaean class 
 Synyenesia and to the natural order 
 
ARC 
 
 ARG 
 
 Composite. The seeds are cathartic, 
 the root diuretic and diaphoretic. A 
 decoction of the leaves is sometimes used 
 in cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Arc-to-stapli'y-Ios.* [From dpKrog, a 
 “bear,” and ora^uXr/, a “grape.”] A 
 Linnaean genus of the class Decandria, 
 natural order Ericaceae or Ericineae. 
 The term signifies the same as uva ursi, 
 i.e. “bear-grape.” 
 
 ArctostapSi'ylos U'va Ur 'si.* An- 
 other name for the Arbutus uva. ursi. 
 See Uva Ursi. 
 
 Ar-cu-a'lis.* [From a/cuo , to “bend 
 like a bow.”] Applied to the coronal 
 suture, or Sutura arcua'lis, and to the 
 temporal bones, or Os' 8 a arcua'lia. 
 
 Arcuatio,* ar-ku-a'she-o. [From ar'- 
 cuo, arena' turn, to “bend like a bow.”] 
 A gibbosity, or curvature, of the dorsal 
 vertebrae, the sternum, or the tibia. 
 
 Ar cus. 5 * A bow, arc, or arch. The 
 periphery of any part of a circle. 
 
 Ar'cus Se-ni'lis.* A peculiar arched, 
 or circular, opaque appearance on the 
 eyes of old men, round the margin of 
 the cornea. 
 
 Ar-de'i-dse.* [From ar'dea, a 
 “heron.”] A family having the Ardea 
 for their type. 
 
 Ar'dent Si>ir'its. [From a/den*, 
 “burning,” a participle of a/deo, to “be 
 hot,” to “burn.”] A term applied to dis- 
 tilled alcoholic liquors. 
 
 Ar'dor, o'r?V* [From ar'deo, to 
 “burn.”] Intense or morbidly increased 
 sensation of heat. 
 
 Ar'dor Fe-bri'Iis.* Feverish or 
 febrile heat. 
 
 Ar'dor U-ri'nae.* A sensation in 
 the inflamed urethra as if the passing 
 urine were scalding hot. 
 
 Ar'dor Veai-tric'u-li.* Heartburn ; 
 also called Ar'dor stom'achi. 
 
 A're-a. :i; * An open space. The in- 
 ternal capacity of any given boundary 
 or limit. 
 
 A'rea Dif'fluens [from dif’jluo, to 
 “spread”] and A'rea Ser'pexs [from 
 ser'po , to “creep”] are terms applied by 
 Celsus to different forms of baldness. 
 The latter is the same as Ophiasis, 
 which see. 
 
 A'rea €rer-mS-na-ti'va.* An opaque 
 spot on the blastodermic vesicle in an 
 egg, opposite to the insertion of the 
 Mesometrium. 
 
 A'rea O-pa'ca.* A dull circle sur- 
 rounding the Area pellucida, formed by 
 She Area germinativa becoming clear in 
 the centre. See preceding article. 
 
 A-re'ca.* The betel-nut, the fruit of 
 the Are'ea Cat'cchu, belonging to the 
 natural order Palmse. It is tonic and 
 astringent, and forms one of the princi- 
 pal ingredients of the Betel, so exten- 
 sively used in the East as a masticatory. 
 See Betel. 
 
 Ar-e-fac'tion. [Arefac'tio, o'nis; 
 from a'reo, “to be dry,” and fa’cio, to 
 “make.”] .A mode of drying medicinal 
 substances, by which they may be re- 
 duced to dust or powder. 
 
 Ar-e-na'ceous. [Arena'ceus; from 
 are'na, “sand.”] Of the nature of sand; 
 sandy. 
 
 Ar-e-na'ri-ous. [Arena'rius; from 
 are'na , “ sand.”] Growing in sandy 
 soil. 
 
 Ar-e-nic'o-la,* and Ar-e-nic'o- 
 
 lus.* [From are'na , “ sand,” and co'lo, 
 to “inhabit.”] Inhabiting sandy places. 
 
 Ar'e-nose. [Areno'sus; from are'na, 
 “sand.”] Full of sand; sandy. 
 
 A-re'o-la.* [The diminutive of a'rea.] 
 The halo, or small reddish or brownish 
 circular space, round the nipple of 
 females. Also applied to the circle sur- 
 rounding certain pustules, such as the 
 vaccine pustule. 
 
 Are'ola Pap-il-la'ris.* [From 
 papil'l a, a “nipple.”] The areola round 
 the nipple. See Areola. 
 
 A-re'o-lae* (the plural of are'ola ) is 
 used by anatomists to denote the in- 
 terstices between the fibres of an organ, 
 or between vessels interlacing with each 
 other. 
 
 A-re'o-lar. [Areola'ris: from are'- 
 ola, a “small, open space.”] Containing 
 areolae, or small spaces. Areolar tissue 
 is the cellular tissue of some writers, 
 named from the interstices which it con- 
 tains. 
 
 A-re'o-lat-ed. [Areola'tus.] Hav- 
 ing areolae. 
 
 Areometer and Areometry. See 
 
 Araeometer. 
 
 Ar'g:and Lamp. A name applied 
 to lamps with hollow or circular wicks, 
 first invented by Argand about 1782. 
 The intention of them is to furnish a 
 more rapid supply of air to the flame, 
 and to afford this air to the centre as 
 well as to the outside of the flame. 
 
 Ar'ge-m# or Ar'^e-moat.* [From 
 dpyog, “white.”] A small white ulcer of 
 the eye, described by Hippocrates. 
 
 Ar-g*e-iii©'ne.* [From apyepov, a 
 “disease of the eye,” — named from the 
 supposed virtues of one species in curing 
 diseases of the eye.] A genus of plants 
 59 
 
ARG 
 
 ARM 
 
 belonging to the poppy tribe, or Papa- 
 veracese. The Argemo'ne Mexica' na, or 
 Thorn Poppy, contains a juice which, 
 when dried, resembles gamboge, and has 
 been used as a hydragogue cathartic. 
 The seeds are sometimes employed as a 
 substitute for ipecacuanha. 
 
 Argen-tate of Am-mo'nl-a. The 
 substance otherwise called Fulminating 
 Silver, which see. 
 
 Ar-^enti Ni'tras.* “Nitrate of 
 Silver,” or lunar caustic ; one of the most 
 important and one of the most ex- 
 tensively used of all caustic substances. 
 
 Ar-gen-tif'er-ous. [Argentif*'- 
 erus; from argen'tum, “silver,” and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing, or con- 
 taining silver. Applied to minerals or ores. 
 
 Ar'gen-tine. [Argenti'mis; from 
 argen'tum , “silver.”] Having the ap- 
 pearance, brightness, or clear sound of 
 silver. 
 
 Ar'gentine Flow'ers of An'ti- 
 mo-ny. The sesquioxide of antimony, 
 frequently occurring in the form of 
 small, shining needles of silvery white- 
 ness. See Antimony. 
 
 Ar-gen'tum.* [From apyog, “white.”] 
 Silver; the whitest of metals. It occurs 
 native, — that is, in the metallic state, — 
 and is also obtained from the ores of 
 lead. It is employed in Pharmacy 
 chiefly or solely in the preparation of 
 the nitrate. 
 
 Argen'tum Fo-li-a'taim.* [From 
 
 f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Silver-leaf; used for 
 covering pills and other substances. 
 
 Argen'tum Fu-gi-ti'vum,* Ar- 
 gentum Mob'i>le. $ The Argentum 
 vivum , or quicksilver. 
 
 Argentum MUisivum. See Mosaic 
 Silver. 
 
 Argen'tum Vi vum.- The metal 
 Hgdrar'gt/rum , or mercury; quicksilver. 
 
 Ar-gil'la.* [From apyog , “white.”] 
 Alumina, or pure clay: ar'gil. 
 
 Ar-gil-Sa'ceous. [Argilla'ceus : 
 from argil' la, “clay.”] Of the nature 
 of clay. 
 
 Ar-gil-lif 'er-ous. [Argillif 'erus ; 
 
 from argil' la, “clay,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Containing clay as an acci- 
 dental ingredient. 
 
 Ar'gil-loul. [Argilloi'des; from 
 
 argil' la, “clay,” and cidog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling argil. 
 
 Ar'gttl, or Ar'gal. [Fr. Tartre brut, 
 tautu brii ; “raw” or “coarse tartar.”] 
 Wine-stone, or crude tartar; an acidu- 
 lous concrete salt, deposited by wine, and 
 used by dyers as a mordant. 
 
 60 
 
 Ar-gyr'i-a.* [From apyvpog , “silver.”] 
 Disease caused by the use, or abuse, of 
 salts of silver. 
 
 Ariiytlunous, a-rith'mus. [A- 
 rliyth'mus; from a, priv., and [mOpog, 
 “number.”] Without rhythm or regu- 
 larity of the pulse. 
 
 Ar-i-^i na.- An alkaloid found in 
 cinchona bark, and very analogous in 
 its properties to cinchonia and quinia. 
 These three alkaloids may be viewed as 
 oxides of the same compound radicle. 
 
 Ar'il,* or A-ril'lus.* [From a'reo, to 
 “be dried up.”] A botanical term, sig- 
 nifying a peculiar exterior coat of some 
 seeds; thus the mace is the aril of the 
 nutmeg. 
 
 Ar'il-late or Ar'il-lat-ed. [Aril- 
 
 la'tus.] Having arils; formed like an 
 aril. 
 
 Arillus. See Aril. 
 
 A-ris'ta.* [From a'reo, to “ be dry.”] 
 A term in Botany, denoting the beard 
 of the husk of grasses; the awn. 
 
 A-ris'tate. [Arista'tus ; from 
 aris'ta .] Having an awn or long rigid 
 spine; awned; bearded. 
 
 A-ris-to-lo'chi-a,* or A-ris to-lo- 
 elii'a.* [From apiorog, the “best,” and 
 Xoxeia, or \6\Xa, “childbirth;” also, “Lo- 
 chia” (which see); because it promotes 
 recovery after childbirth.] Birthwort. 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Ggnandria, 
 natural order Aristolochiace.se . 
 
 Aris tolo 'cl» ia 8er- pen-t a ' ri-a.* 
 The Serpenta'ria Virginia' na, or Virgi- 
 nia Snake-Root: so named because sup- 
 posed to be an antidote to the poison of 
 serpents. It is a stimulant and tonic, 
 and is given in cases of debility, and 
 especially in intermitt ents. 
 
 A-ris-to-lo'clii-se,- the plural of 
 Aristolochia. The Jussieuan name 
 of a natural order of plants. See Aris- 
 
 TOLOCHTACEA3. 
 
 Aristolochiacese,* a-ris-to-lo-ke- 
 a'she-e, or A-ris-to-lo'elii-ae.* A 
 
 natural order of plants resembling the 
 Aristolochia. They are tonic and stimu- 
 lant. 
 
 Arm. [Bra'oliium.] The upper ex- 
 tremity from the shoulder to the wrist, 
 divided by the elbow-joint into the arm 
 proper and the fore- arm. 
 
 Ar-ma'rl-uin.* [From ar'ma , “arms” 
 or “ implements.”] A store of medicines, 
 instruments, Ac. 
 
 Ar-vne'nl-an Bole. [Bo'ltis Ar- 
 nic'ni.e.] A pale, red-colored earth, 
 used as a remedy anainst aphAse; also 
 in tooth-powders, etc. 
 
ARM 
 
 ARS 
 
 Ar-milla,* plural Ar-mil'lse. [From 
 armiVla , a “ bracelet.”] The name of 
 the membranous ligaments confining the 
 tendons of the carpus. 
 
 Ar'mil-la-ry. [Armilla'ris; from 
 the same.] Applied in Astronomy to 
 an artificial sphere formed of circles, 
 representing orbs of celestial bodies. 
 Also a term applied to plants having 
 leaves like bracelets. 
 
 Armora'cise (ar-mo-ra'she-e) Ra'- 
 dix. ;;: Horseradish-root. See Coch- 
 LEARIA ArMOIIACIA. 
 
 Ar raus.* [From dp/xdg, a “joint.”] 
 The shoulder or arm. 
 
 A r -11 al 'cli-a.* A disease formerly 
 known in England, and attended with 
 alopecia, or baldness. 
 
 Ar'ni-ca.* [From *pg, apvog, a “lamb ;” 
 from the softness of its leaf.] A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Syngenesia, 
 natural order Composite. Also, the Phar- 
 macopoeial name for Arnica montana. 
 
 Ar'nica Mon-ta'na.* Leopard’s 
 bane. This plant is celebrated as a 
 remedy for bruises, and hence has been 
 called panace' a lapso'rum (the “pana- 
 cea of the fallen,” — i.e. of those who have 
 had a fall occasioning a severe injury). 
 
 Ar'ni-$in. [Araiici'na.] A bitter 
 resin, the active principle of Arnica 
 montana. 
 
 A-roi'de-ous. [Aroi'dews; from 
 M'rum, “ Wake-robin, ”anda(5o;, a “form.”] 
 Resembling the Arum, or Wake-robin. 
 The Latin term in the plural feminine 
 ( Aroi'dese ) forms the name of a natural 
 order of plants. See A raceme. 
 
 A-ro'ma,* gen. A-ro'ma-tis, plural 
 A-ro'ma-ta. [Perhaps from dpi, in- 
 tensive, and 65pn, “odor.”] The fragrant 
 principle of plants and substances de- 
 rived from them. 
 
 Ar-o-mat'ic. [Aromat'icias; from 
 aro'ma .] Odoriferous; having an agree- 
 able smell, as spices and such sub- 
 stances. 
 
 Ar-o-mat'i-cus €©r'4ex.* (“Aro- 
 matic bark.”) The bark of Canella alba , 
 or wild cinnamon. 
 
 Arquebusade, Eaud’ (Fr.) 5 o-daRk'- 
 bii'z&d'. [From ar'quebus, a “hand- 
 gun.”] A'qua Vulnera'ria . A lotion 
 composed of vinegar, sulphuric acid, 
 honey, alcohol, and various aromatics; 
 originally applied to wounds inflicted 
 by the arquebus. 
 
 Ar'racR, or Ar-ralt', written also 
 Ar'aclt. An intoxicating beverage 
 made in India by distilling fermented 
 juice of various kinds, but especially 
 6 * 
 
 from toddy, the sweet sap of the palm-tree. 
 
 Arra-j^o-nate. A species of carbon- 
 ate of lime, from Aragon, in Spain. 
 
 Arrectores Pilorunn. See PiloruM 
 Arrectores. 
 
 Ar-rest/ed. A term used in obstetrics 
 when the head of the child is hindered, 
 but not impacted, in the pelvic cavity, — 
 a distinction of the greatest importance. 
 
 Ar'row-Root. The fecula or starch 
 from the root of the Maranta arundina- 
 cea and M. Indica, named from its 
 supposed efficacy in poisoned wounds 
 (wounds from poisoned arrows). Ar- 
 row-root is also obtained from the root 
 of the Arum mocnlatiim and other plants. 
 
 Arrow -Shaped. See Sagittate and 
 Sagittalis. 
 
 Ar-se'ni-ate. [Arse'nias, ti'tis; 
 
 from arsen'icum a^'idum.] A combina- 
 tion of arsenious acid with any base. 
 
 Ar'scn-ic. [Arseii'icuni; from 
 dpcrjv, “masculine,” “vigorous;” in allu- 
 sion to its strong and acrimonious pro- 
 perties.] A metal plentifully met with 
 in nature, generally in union with sul- 
 phur, or with other metals, or with oxy- 
 gen, etc. Though arsenic in its metallic 
 state is not dangerous, it is readily con- 
 verted into a poisonous oxide, and all 
 of its soluble compounds are more or 
 less poisonous. Arsenic is also the com- 
 mon name for arsenious acid, somt times 
 called white oxide of arsenic, ai sen'icvm 
 al' bum (“white arsenic”), ratsbane, and 
 other names. This is the most common 
 form in which arsenic is found in com- 
 merce. The only known antidote for 
 this poison is the hydrated sesquioxide 
 (or peroxide) of iron, which has been 
 found much more efficacious when freshly 
 prepared. This substance produces (by 
 a transfer of a portion of the oxygen 
 from the iron to the acid) an insoluble 
 and therefore inert subarseniate of the 
 protoxide of iron. That this antidote 
 may be perfectly successful, it should be 
 preceded by the use of emetics, or the 
 stomach-pump. See Poisons. 
 
 Ar-sen'i-cal. [Arsenica'lis.] Be- 
 longing to arsenic or arsenious acid. 
 
 Arsenical Paste. See Pate Arsen- 
 icale. 
 
 Arseniealis Liquor. See Liquor 
 
 Arsenicalis. 
 
 Ar-sen'i-ci Al'bnm Ox'yd-um 
 Ve-Bia'le.* (The “white oxide of ar- 
 senic of commerce.”) The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (Dub. Ph.) of arsenious acid, 
 or sublimed oxide of arsenic. 
 
 Ar-sen'i-cum Album.* (“White 
 
 61 
 
ARS 
 
 ART 
 
 arsenic ”) The Pharmacopoeia! name 
 (Ed. Ph.) of arsenious acid, or sesqui- 
 oxide of arsenic. 
 
 Ar-se'ni-ous Ac'icl. The Acidum 
 arseniomm (U. S. and British Ph.), Ar- 
 senicum album (Ed. Ph.), or sesquioxide 
 of arsenic, Arsenici album oxydum venale 
 (Dub. Ph.). See Arsenic. 
 
 Ar'se-nlte. [Ar'senis, i'to*.] A com- 
 bination of arsenious acid with a base. 
 
 Arseniuret, ar-sen'yu-ret. [Ar- 
 seniure'tuni.] A combination of ar- 
 senic with a metallic or other base. 
 
 Ar-seno-vin'ic A^'iil. An acid pro- 
 duced by the action of arsenic on alcohol. 
 
 Ar-tan'tlie E-lon-g-a'ta.* A name 
 of the Matico plant. See Matico. 
 
 Artemisia,* ar-te-mish'e-a. [Gr. 
 ’A pTS/xuria, perhaps because sacred to Di- 
 ana, in Greek *A prefug.] A Linnaean genus 
 of the natural order Composite. 
 
 Artemisia A-brot/a-iium,* or 
 Southernwood, formerly used as a tonic 
 and anthelmintic. 
 
 Artemis'ia Ab-sin'tlii-um.* Com- 
 mon wormwood, also called Absinthium 
 commune and Absinthium vulgare . 
 
 Artemis'ia €3ii-nen 'sis.* The Chi- 
 nese wormwood, or mugwort of China. 
 
 Artemis'ia fidra-eunc'u-lus.* Tar- 
 ragon : a plant which is used to impart 
 a peculiar stimulating flavor to vinegar. 
 
 Artemis'ia In 'dl-ca.* Indian worm- 
 wood, used similarly to Chinensis. 
 
 Artemis'ia Ju-da'i-ca.* The same 
 as Artemisia Santonica. 
 
 Artemis'ia Eat I-fo'li-a.* The same 
 as Artemisia Chinensis. 
 
 Artemis'ia Sail- ton 'i-ca.* Tar- 
 tarian southernwood, wormwood, or 
 worm-seed plant. 
 
 Ar-tem'i-sin. [Artemisi'na.] The 
 
 bitter principle of Artemisia absinthium. 
 
 Artfcre, aiOtam', the French term for 
 Artery, which see. 
 
 Arteria. See Artery. 
 
 Ar-te'ri-a As'per-a.* The “ rough 
 artery;” the trachea or windpipe: so 
 called because of the inequalities or 
 roughness of its surface. 
 
 Arte'ria In-noni-i-na'tn.* The “un- 
 named artery the first branch given off 
 from the aorta, dividing into the right 
 carotid and right subclavian arteries. 
 
 Arte'ria JIag'na.* (The “ great ar- 
 tery.”) The aorta. 
 
 Ar-te'rl-ac, or Ar-te-ri'a-cal. [Ar- 
 tcri'acus. ] Pertaining to the Arteria 
 aspera , or windpipe. Applied to medi- 
 cines for disorders of the voice or diseases 
 of the windpipe. 
 
 62 
 
 Ar-te'ri-se,* gen. Ar-te-ri-a'rum, 
 
 the plural of Arte'ria, an artery. 
 
 Arteriae Venosae,* ar-te're-e ve- 
 no'se, the plural of Arte'ria Teno'sa. 
 Literally, “ venous arteries,” — a name 
 sometimes given to the four pulmonary 
 veins, because they contain arterial blood. 
 
 Ar-te'ri-al. [Arteria'lis; from ar- 
 te'ria, an “artery.”] Belonging to an 
 artery. 
 
 Arterial Duct. See Ductus Arte- 
 riosus. 
 
 Ar-te-ri-ogf'ra-pliy. [Arterio- 
 
 graphia; from arte'ria , an “artery,” 
 and ypd6(o, to “write.”] A description 
 of the arteries. 
 
 Ar-te-ri-ol'o-gy. [Arteriolo'gia ; 
 
 from arte'ria, an “artery,” and A oyog, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on the arteries ; 
 the science of the arteries. 
 
 Ar-te-ri-o'sus.* [From arte'ria, an 
 “artery.”] Having numerous arteries; of 
 the nature of an artery. 
 
 Arteriosus, Ductus. See Ductus 
 Arteriosus. 
 
 Ar-te-ri-ot'o-my. [ Arterioto'mia ; 
 
 from dpTrjpta, an “artery,” and ripvin, to 
 “cut.”] The cutting into, dividing, or 
 opening an artery. 
 
 Ar-te-ri'tis.* [From arte'ria, an “ ar- 
 tery.”] Inflammation of an artery. 
 
 Ar'ter-y, [Arte'ria, plural Arte'- 
 rise; from dtp, “air or spirit,” and 
 rr\piu), to “keep” or “preserve,” the arte- 
 ries having been supposed by the an- 
 cients to contain air.] One of the ves- 
 sels by which the blood is conveyed from 
 the heart towards the various organs and 
 members of the body. 
 
 Artesian, ar-te'zhan. [From Artois, 
 Lat. Arte'sia, a province of France, in 
 which they were first formed.] A term 
 applied to certain wells or fountains 
 produced by boring through various 
 strata deep enough to reach a subter- 
 ranean body of water, the sources of 
 which are higher than the mouth of the 
 well. 
 
 Ar'iDra-gra.* [From dpBpov, a“joint,” 
 and uypa, a “ seizure.”] Same as Ar- 
 thritis or gout. 
 
 Ar-tlirftl'&I-a.* [From upQpof, a 
 “joint,” and d\yog, “pain.”] Chronic 
 pain of a joint; gout or rheumatism. 
 
 Ar-tlirit'ic. [Artlirit'icus.] Be- 
 longing to Arthritis , or to gout. 
 
 Ar-thri'tis, i dis* [From aptipov, a 
 “joint.”] Literally, “inflammation of a 
 joint:” gout. See Podagra. 
 
 Arthritis Pla-net'I-ca,* Artliri'- 
 tis Itlieii-uiat'I-ca,* Art hr it i* 
 
ART 
 
 ARY 
 
 Va'ga.* Other names for wandering or 
 erratic gout. See Podagra. 
 
 Ar-tliroc'a-ce.* [From apQpov, a 
 “ joint/’ and KaKn, “disease.”] An ulcer- 
 ated condition or caries of the cavity of 
 a bone. Also used as synonymous with 
 JSpina ventosa. 
 
 Ar-tliro'di-a.* [From apQpov , a 
 “joint.”] An articulation admitting of 
 motion on all sides ; a variety of Diar- 
 th rosin. 
 
 Ar-tliro-clyn'I-a.* [From apQpov, a 
 “joint,” and ddvvn, “pain.”] Pain in a 
 joint, or chronic rheumatism. 
 
 Ar-tlirog'ra-pliy. [ArMirog-ra'- 
 pliia; from apQpov, a “joint,” and ypa- 
 to “write.”] A description of the 
 joints. 
 
 Ar-tlirol'o-gy* [Arthrolo'gia; 
 
 from apQpov, a “joint,” and A oyo$, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on the joints; the 
 science of joints. 
 
 Ar-thron'cus.* [From apQpov, a 
 “joint,” and oyxo;, a “mass,” a “swell- 
 ing.”] A distinct cartilaginous body 
 (one or more) which sometimes forms 
 within the knee-joint. Sometimes ap- 
 plied to the tumefaction of a joint. 
 
 Ar-thro-pa-tlii'a.* [From ap9pov, a 
 “joint,” and nadog, an “affection.”] An 
 affection of the shoulder-joint, with vio- 
 lent pain and swelling of the brachial 
 portion. 
 
 Ar-tliro-plilo-go'sis.* [From dp9pov, 
 a “joint,” and 0A oyow, to “inflame.”] 
 Inflammation of a joint. See Arthri- 
 tis. 
 
 Ar-ttiro-pu-o'sis.** [From apOpov, a 
 “ joint,” and nvii/, “pus.”] Pus in a joint. 
 
 Ar-1 li ro'si-a. ;: [From apdpov, a 
 
 “joint.”] Generic name for articular 
 inflammation, according to Dr. Good. 
 
 Ar-thro'sis.* [From dpOpdu, to “fasten 
 by joints.”] Articulation, or connection 
 by joints. 
 
 Artichoke. See C ynara Scolymus. 
 
 Ar-tic-u-la/ris.* [From artic'ulus , 
 a “ joint.”] Relating to joints ; articular. 
 Applied to arteries, muscles, etc., con- 
 nected with the joints. 
 
 Articula'ris ^te'nu.* This and the 
 term suhcrurseus have been applied to a 
 few detached muscular fibres frequently 
 found under the lower part of the cru- 
 ralis and attached to the capsule of the 
 knee-joint. 
 
 Articula'ris Mor'bus.* The same 
 as Arthritis, or gout. 
 
 Articulata. See Articulattts. 
 
 Ar-tic-ii-la'tion. [Articula'tio, 
 
 O nit, ; from artic'ulus , a “joint,” ar- 
 
 trc’ulo , articula'tum, to “joint,” to 
 “make a joint.”] The fastening to- 
 gether of the various bones of the 
 skeleton in their natural situation ; a 
 joint. Also the distinct utterance of 
 syllables or words. 
 
 The articulations of the bones of the 
 body are divided into synarthroses, im- 
 movable articulations, and diarthroses , 
 movable articulations. See Diarthrosis, 
 Synarthrosis. 
 
 Ar-tic-u-la'tus.* [From the same.] 
 Articulated, jointed, or knotted. Applied 
 in the plural neuter ( Articnla'ta ) to the 
 third great division of the animal king- 
 dom, in which articulated rings encircle 
 the body, and frequently the limbs. 
 
 Ar-tic'u-Ii,* gen. Ar-tic-u-Io'ruin, 
 plural of Artic'ulus. 
 
 Ar-tic'u-lus.- [The diminutive of 
 ar'tus , a “joint.”] A joint, orarticulation : 
 a member, or limb. Applied in Botany 
 to that part of the stalk between two 
 knots or joints; also, a knot or joint. 
 
 Ar-tl-f X'$ial A'nus. An opening 
 made in the parietes of the abdomen, 
 through which the feces are discharged 
 during life; also an opening made in the 
 natural situation in cases of imperforate 
 anus. 
 
 Artifi'cial Eye. A hollow hemi- 
 sphere, usually made of enamel, so as to 
 present the appearance of the natural eye. 
 
 Artifi'cial Joint. A fracture united 
 by the broken ends of the bone becom- 
 ing rounded and smooth and connected 
 by a fibrous, ligamentous substance; a 
 false joint. 
 
 Artifi'cial IPu'pil. The result of an 
 operation for overcoming the effect of 
 adhesions or permanent contraction of 
 the iris. 
 
 Ar-to-car'pus.* [Fromapro?, “bread,” 
 and Kap-rrog, “fruit.”] A genus of plants 
 growing in Southern India and Polyne- 
 sia. The Artocar'pns inci'sa is the 
 bread-fruit proper; the Artocar'pns in- 
 tegrifo'lia has a very coarse fruit, called 
 Jack-fruit, common in the South of 
 India. See Bread-Fruit. 
 
 Aruncliuaceus,*a-run-de-na'she-us. 
 [From arun'do , a “ reed.”] Belonging to 
 a reed ; resembling a reed. Applied in 
 the feminine plural ( Arnndinacese , a-run- 
 de-na'she-e) to a tribe of plants having 
 the Arundo for its type: arundina'ceous. 
 
 A-ryt'se-uo-i-cfiae'us.* [See the two 
 following articles.] Belonging to the 
 arytenoid cartilages. The arytsenoidseus 
 muscle is a muscle extending from one 
 of the arytenoid cartilages to the other. 
 
 63 
 
AEY 
 
 ASC 
 
 A-ryt'e-noid. [Arytsenoi'des; 
 
 from apvraiva, a “ pitcher,” and ei6og, a 
 ‘‘form/’] Resembling the mouth of a 
 pitcher. 
 
 Aryt'enoid Car'ti-lag-es. [Carti- 
 lag'iaies Arytsenoi'des.] Two carti- 
 laginous bodies of the larynx, which, in 
 their natural situation, resemble the 
 mouth of a pitcher. 
 
 As-a-grse'a Of-fi$i-na'li§. $ The 
 name (Lond. Ph. 1851) of the plant from 
 which Veratria is obtained. 
 
 A-saph'a-tum.* [From dvabns, “ ob- 
 scure,” “ uncertain named in allusion 
 to their deceptive appearance.] A term 
 applied to the collections in the sebace- 
 ous follicles of the skin, which, when 
 pressed out, appear like little worms. 
 
 A-sa'phi-a.** [Gr. daa.bng ; from a, 
 priv., and oa 0%, “ clear,” “plain.”] De- 
 fective utterance; a want of clearness of 
 articulation or of speech. 
 
 A-sar-a-bac'ca.* The Asarurn Eu- 
 ropium. 
 
 Asari Folia. See Asarum Euro- 
 pium. 
 
 Asarin. See Asari Folia. 
 
 As a-rum Can-a-den'se.^ Canada 
 snake-root, or Wild Ginger. The root 
 is sometimes used as a substitute for 
 ginger. 
 
 As arum Eu-ro-pse'um.* The plant 
 
 Asarabacca. The leaves ( As'ari fo'lia ) 
 abound in a bitter principle called As’arin, 
 ajid are used as an errhine. 
 
 As-bes'tos.* [From a, priv., and 
 oSki/wm , to “extinguish.”] Literally, 
 “inextinguishable,” “that which cannot 
 be extinguished or destroyed.” A mine- 
 ral substance of a fibrous structure from 
 which an incombustible linen is made. 
 The ancients are said to have made use 
 of cloth of asbestos to wrap the bodies 
 of their dead before placing them on the 
 funeral pile. 
 
 Ascarides. See Ascaris. 
 
 As'ca-ris,* plural As-car'I-defc. 
 [Supposed to be derived from aaKafnC, w, 
 to “ leap,” to “ kick.”] A genus of worms 
 found in the human intestines. 
 
 As'caris Lum bri-co-i'deS. :: ‘ [From 
 lumbri'cns , an “ earth-worm.”] One of the 
 most common of intestinal worms, re* 
 sembling the earth-worm. 
 
 As'caris Ver-mic-ii-la'ris.'* The 
 thread-worm, now called Oxvuris. 
 
 As-Lending Ax 'is. Applied to the 
 stem of plants, or that part which grows 
 in an opposite direction from the root 
 (which is the descending axis). See Axis. 
 
 As-een'sus.* [From ascen'do , as- 
 64 
 
 cen'sum, to “climb,” to “ascend.”] Lite- 
 rally, an “ ascending,” or “ ascent.” Ap- 
 plied in Chemistry to the process of 
 sublimation, formerly termed Destillatio 
 per ascensum. 
 
 Ascen'sus Mor'bi.* The “ascent 
 or increase of a disease.” 
 
 Ascia,* ash'e-a. [The Latin term for 
 an “axe” or “hatchet.”] A bandage, so 
 called from its shape, and described by 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 Ascian. See Ascii. 
 
 As-^id'i-ate. [Ascidia'tus ; from 
 ascid'inm.] Shaped like a small bottle 
 or pitcher. 
 
 As-£id-i-foi*'mfs.* [From the same.] 
 Formed like a small bottle or pitcher: 
 ascid'iform. 
 
 As-$id'I-tim.* [From aoiriSiop (dimin- 
 utive of daws), a “small leathern bag or 
 bottle.”] A hollow leaf resembling a 
 small bottle or pitcher, as in the Nepenthe 
 (pitcher-plant). 
 
 As-Lig'er-ns.* [From doicog , a “bag,” 
 and ge'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or con- 
 taining utricles. 
 
 Ascii,* ash'e-i, the plural of Ascius, 
 ash'e-us. [From a, priv., and cxia, a 
 “shade” or “shadow.”] Literally, “with- 
 out shadow.” A term applied to the 
 people of the Torrid Zone, who have 
 twice in the year the sun perpendicular 
 above their heads, and are without 
 shadow. 
 
 As-^i'tes.* [Gr. daKiT^g ; from doKdg , a 
 “sack of leather,” “something swollen or 
 puffed up.”] Hy f drops utricula'rius, or 
 dropsy of the belly. A genus of the 
 natural order Intumescentise , class Ca- 
 cliexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. See Hy- 
 
 DROXASLIA. 
 
 As-^it'ic. [Ascit'icus.] Having or 
 
 pertaining to Asdtes. 
 
 Asclepiadacese,* as-kle'pe-a-da'- 
 she-e. A natural order of plants re- 
 sembling the Aselepias. The milky juice 
 formed in plants of this order contains 
 caoutchouc. It is emetic, and is some- 
 times a dangerous poison. 
 
 As-cle'pi-as, a dis.* [From ’Aax^mdg, 
 the Greek name of iEsculapius, the god 
 of medicine?] The name of a genus 
 of plants belonging to the Linnman class 
 Pentandria , natural order Asclepiuda- 
 cese. 
 
 Ascle'piasln-car-na 'tn.* The flesh- 
 
 colored Aselepias , a plant whose medical 
 properties appear to be similar to tho.-o 
 of the A scl k pi as Tube rora, which sec. 
 
 Ascle'pias Syr-i'a-ca. i: The silk- 
 weed; called also milk-weed. Of this 
 
ASC 
 
 ASP 
 
 plant the bark of the root is given in 
 powder for asthma and other pulmonary 
 affections. 
 
 As-cle'paas Tu-be-ro'sa.* Swal- 
 low-wort; called also Pleurisy-root. An 
 American plant, the root of which is 
 used as an expectorant and a diaphoretic 
 in catarrh and rheumatism. It is given 
 in powder and decoction or infusion. 
 
 A-sep'ta.* [From a, priv., and 0)7:0- 
 fxai, to “ putrefy.”] Substances free from 
 the putrefactive process. 
 
 Ase tiger,* a-set'e-jer. [From a, priv., 
 se'ta , a “ bristle/’ and ge'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Without bristles : asetig'erous. Applied 
 in the neuter plural (Asetig'era) to a 
 family of Articnlata abranchiata. 
 
 A-sex'u-al. [Asexua'li«; from a, 
 priv., and sex’ us, “sex” or “gender.”] 
 A botanical term applied to plants hav- 
 ing no sexual organs. 
 
 Ash. The common name of several 
 trees and shrubs. The true ash includes 
 the various species of the Linnaean genus 
 Frax'inus. Bitter Ash is the popular 
 name for a species of Quassia growing 
 in the West India islands. 
 
 Ash-Color. See Cineretts. 
 
 Asli'es. [Ci'nis, Cin'eris.] The 
 residual substance after burning any 
 thing; more usually, the residuum of the 
 combustion of vegetables, containing 
 alkalies and alkaline salts. The common 
 name for the vegetable alkali potash, or 
 Pot ass a. 
 
 Asiatic (a'she-at'ik) Balsam. [A- 
 siat'icum Bal'samam.] The Balsa- 
 mum Gileadense, which sec. 
 
 Asitia,* a-si'te-a. [From a, priv., 
 and airo “food.”] Abstinence from 
 food; also, loss of appetite. See Ano- 
 rexia, Fastidium Cibi. 
 
 As-par'a-gi,* the plural of Aspar- 
 agus, forming the Jussieuan name of 
 a natural order of plants now included 
 in Liliacese. 
 
 As-par'a-gin. [Asparagi'na.] A 
 
 peculiar vegetable principle obtained 
 from the Asparagus. 
 
 As-par'a-gus (Gr. aonupayog) 
 i-na'lis,* or Common Aspnragus. A 
 plant belonging to the Linnman class 
 Hexandria, natural order Lilia cese. The 
 root and young shoots are diuretic, and 
 are said to exert a sedative influence on 
 the heart. 
 
 As-par'tate. [Aspar'tas, a'ffs.] A 
 combination of aspartic acid with a base. 
 
 Aspera Arteria. See Arteria As- 
 
 PERA. 
 
 As-per-gil'li-form. [Aspergilli- 
 
 for'mas ; from aspergil' lum, a “brush.”] 
 Brush-like; divided into minute ramifi- 
 cations, as the stigmas of grasses, cer- 
 tain hairs of the cuticle, etc. 
 
 As'per-i-fo'li-us.* [From as'per f 
 “rough,” and f o' Hum , a “leaf.”] Rough- 
 leaved: asperifo'Jious. Applied by Lin- 
 naeus, in the plural feminine {Asperifo 1 - 
 line) to an order of plants now called 
 Boraginaeeous. See Boraginaceal 
 
 As-por'iua-tous. [Aspcr'mafus, 
 or As2>er'imfls; from a , priv., and cTrep - 
 pa, “seed.”] Without seed. 
 
 As-per'siou. [Aspcr'sfio; from as- 
 per'go, asp er' sum, to “sprinkle.”] The 
 sprinkling of the body with a medicinal 
 liquid or powder. 
 
 As-pltal'tum.* [From a, priv., and 
 a(()i\\co, to “slip,” to “fail,” because 
 when used as a cement it prevented the 
 stones from slipping or giving way.] 
 Native bitumen ; a solid, brittle bitumen, 
 found principally on the shores and on 
 the surface of the Dead Sea, which was 
 named Asphaltitis from this substance. 
 A brown coloring matter is formed from 
 it, which, when dissolved in oil of tur- 
 pentine, is semi-transparent, and is used 
 as a glaze. 
 
 Asphoflelese,* as-fo-de'le-e. A sub- 
 division of the natural order Liliacese. 
 
 As-ptiocl'e-li,* the plural of As- 
 phod’elus, forming the Jussieuan name 
 of a natural order the same as Asphode- 
 LEvE, which see. 
 
 As-pliyx'i-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 (T$vZt$, the “pulse.”] Literally, the “state 
 of being without pulse:” asphyx'y. Sus- 
 pended animation ; that state in which 
 there is total suspension of the powers 
 of body and mind, usually caused by 
 interrupted respiration, as by hanging 
 or drowning. 
 
 Asphyxia Al'gi-dav* [From aVgeo , 
 to “be cold.”] Asphyxy from intense cold. 
 
 Asptiyx'ia E-lec' tri-cav* Asphyxy 
 caused by lightning or electricity. 
 
 Asptoyx'ialcl-i-o-patii'i-ea.* (“ Id- 
 iopathic Asphyxia.”) Asphyxy, or sud- 
 den death, without any manifest cause. 
 See Idiopathic. 
 
 Asplayx'ia Me-ptsit/i-ca.* Asphyxy 
 by inh dation of some mephitic gas, car- 
 bonic acid, or other non-respirable gas. 
 
 AspSayx'ia Jfe-oph-y-to'm m.* 
 [From ihg, “young,” “new,” and tpordv, 
 a “plant,” also a “child.”] Called also 
 Aspiiyx'ia Xe-o-aia-to'ruiii.* [From 
 na'tus, “born.”] Deficient respiration in 
 new-born children. 
 
 Asptayx'ia SwLfFocatio'nis* (suf-fo- 
 65 
 
ASP 
 
 AST 
 
 ka-she-o'nis). (The “asphyxy of suffo- 
 cation.”) Asphyxy by hanging or 
 drowning. 
 
 As-pltyx'i-at-ed. [Asphyxia'tus.] 
 
 Laboring under asphyxy. 
 
 As-pid'i-um.* [From airrrig, a “ round 
 shield.”] A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Cnjptoyamia, order Filices. 
 
 Aspid'ium Atli-a-man'ti-ciim.- 
 [Etymology uncertain.] A species of 
 fern growing in South Africa, much 
 used as a remedy against worms, espe- 
 cially the tape-worm. 
 
 Aspid'inm Fi'Mx Mas.^ The male 
 fern; called also Polypodium filix mas. 
 The root of this plant is considered by 
 many to be an efficacious remedy against 
 the tape-worm. 
 
 As-jple'BBi-um.* [From a, priv., and 
 (rr\i)v, the “spleen.”] A genus of fern 
 called spleenwort and miltwaste, from a 
 belief that it removed disorders or re- 
 duced enlargements of the spleen. 
 
 Asfde'nium Cet 'araclt* ( set'a-rak ). 
 A species of fern much used as a remedy 
 in nephritic and calculous diseases, also 
 as a pectoral. 
 
 Asplc'nium Fi'lix Fcem'i-na.® 
 
 The female fern, a plant possessing 
 medical properties similar to those of 
 the male fern ( Aspidium Jilix mas). The 
 Asple'nium ru'ta mura'ria, the A. scolo- 
 pen'drium , and the A. tricliomanoi’ des, 
 have properties similar to those of the 
 A. eetarach. 
 
 Assafoetida,* as-sa-fet'e-da, written 
 also Assafetida,* and Asafoetida.* The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || for the gum resin, 
 or concrete juice, obtained from the Nar- 
 thex assafoetida, otherwise called FePula 
 a8saf(jet'ida. It occurs massive and in 
 tears. It was used by the ancients as a 
 condiment, and at the present day the 
 plant is eaten with relish m some countries 
 of the East. Assafoe'ida is a powerful 
 antispasmodic; it is also a stimulant ex- 
 pectorant and laxative. From its uniting 
 antispasmodic and expectorant virtues, 
 it often proves useful in spasmodic pec- 
 toral affections. 
 
 As-say'ing. The operation of ascer- 
 taining the proportion of any metal in 
 an ore or mixture. See Cupellation. 
 
 As-*3m'i-la4e. [From ad, “to,” and 
 sim'ilis, “like.”] Literally, to “make 
 like.” In Physiology, to change the 
 food into a substance like the living 
 body; to convert the food into nutri- 
 ment, — in other words, into chyle and 
 blood. 
 
 Aft-ftimd-la'tion. [AsKimiln'tio, 
 
 66 
 
 o'nis; from the same.] The act or pro- 
 cess of assimilating food. See Alitura. 
 
 As-so'des,* or A-so'des.* [From riarj, 
 “disgust,” “nausea.”] A continual fever, 
 attended with a loathing of food. Sau- 
 vages calls it Trytxophya assodes, and 
 Cullen arranges it under the tertian re- 
 mittents. 
 
 As-sur'gemt. [Assur'gens; from 
 assur'yo, to “rise up.”] A botanical 
 term, signifying bent down, then rising 
 erect towards the apex. 
 
 A-stat'ic. [Astat'icus ; from a , priv., 
 and 'iarriyi, to “stand.”] A term applied 
 to a magnetic needle when its directive 
 property is destroyed by the proximity 
 of another needle, of equal magnetic in- 
 tensity, fixed parallel to it and in a re- 
 versed position, each needle having its 
 north pole adjacent to the south pole of 
 the other. In this state, the needles, 
 neutralizing each other, are unaffected 
 by the earth, while they are still subject 
 to the influence of galvanism. 
 
 As'ter.* [Gr. aarf/p, a “ star.”] A 
 genus of cryptogamous plants having 
 star-like flowers. 
 
 Asteraceae,* as-ter-a'she-e. A name 
 given by Lindley to a natural order of 
 plants. See Composite. 
 
 A-ster'nl-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 ster'num.] An organic deviation in the 
 foetus characterized by absence of the 
 sternum. 
 
 As'ter-oid. [Asteroi'des; from 
 
 aarrip, a “star” or “planet,” and slcog, a 
 “form.”] Resembling a star. As a noun, 
 the term is applied, in Astronomy, to 
 several small planets, including Ceres, 
 Pallas, Juno, and Vesta. 
 
 As-tlae'ni-a.* [From a , priv., and 
 cOcrog, “ strength.”] As'theny. Want or 
 loss of strength: debility. 
 
 As-thcn'ic. [Asthen'icus; from 
 asfhc'nia.] AVanting or deficient in 
 strength; adynamic. 
 
 As4he-n«l'o-gy. [Asthcnolo'gia; 
 from a, priv., cSivog, “strength,” and 
 X oyog, a “discourse.”] The considera- 
 tion (or science) of diseases arising from 
 debility. 
 
 Astli'nia, a tin* [Gr. aaOpa) from 
 doOpdfa, to “gasp for breath.”] A dis- 
 ease attended with difficulty of breath- 
 ing and a sensation of constriction in 
 the chest, wheezing, cough, and expec- 
 toration. A genus of the order Spasmi, 
 class Neuroses , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 AMtli-mat'ic. [Astlimat'iciiK.] Be- 
 longing to, or laboring under, asthma. 
 
 A-stig'ina-ti&ni. [Astiginatis- 
 
AST 
 
 ATII 
 
 mus; froma,neg.,and artypa, appoint.”] 
 A defect in the eye, in which the rays 
 are not brought to one point or focus, 
 but converge at different distances, so as 
 to form two linear images at right an- 
 gles with each other. — (D unglison.) 
 
 As 'to - hi us.* [From a, priv., and 
 vropa, a “ mouth. ”] Having no mouth. 
 Applied to an order of mosses, and to a 
 family of apterous insects. 
 
 As-trag'a-Ioi<l. [Astragaloi'des ; 
 from astray' alus, the “ ankle-bone,” a 
 “die,” and eldog, a “form.”] Resembling 
 the astrayalus. 
 
 Astrag-a-loi'des Sypli-i-lit'I-ca,* 
 
 called also Astrag'alus Es'ca-pus.* 
 The milk-vetch, a plant the root of 
 which is said to cure syphilis. 
 
 As-trag'a-lus.* [Gr. aarpdyaXo j.] 
 The ankle-bone. 
 
 Astrag'alus Cre'ti-cus.* The Cre- 
 tan milk-vetch, one of the several species 
 of Astragalus which are said to yield 
 the gum tragacanth of commerce. 
 
 Astragalus Escapus. See Astrag- 
 aloides Syphilitica. 
 
 Astrag'alus Trag-a-can'tlia.* The 
 plant formerly supposed to yield gum 
 tragacanth, now known to be chiefly 
 obtained from the Astrayalus verus and 
 the A. gummifer , 
 
 Astrag'alus Ve rus.- A plant of 
 
 the Linnaean class Diadelpliia, natural 
 order Leynminosse , from which gum 
 tragacanth is principally derived. 
 
 As-tric'tion. [Astric'tio, o'/a>; 
 from ad, “to,” and stria' go, stric'tnm , to 
 “bind.”] The state produced by astrin- 
 gent medicines. 
 
 As-tr in'gent. [Asirin'gens : from 
 the same.] Producing contraction and 
 condensation in the soft solids, thereby 
 diminishing excessive discharges. 
 
 Astrin gent Prin cl-ple. A vege- 
 table principle found in the bark of 
 many trees and plants. From its use in 
 tanning skins it has obtained the name 
 of Tannin, which see. 
 
 Astrin 'gents. A name applied to 
 medicines (such as alum, tannin, etc.) 
 having the power to check discharges, 
 whether of blood, of mucus, or any other 
 secretion. They act by contracting the 
 capillaries and secretin g-orifices. See 
 Astriction and Astringent. 
 
 As-trol'o-gy. [From oorpov, a “star,” 
 and Xoyog, a “discourse.”] A descrip- 
 tion of the heavenly bodies, their nature 
 and distinctions, and, so, like Astron- 
 omy ; more usually, however, applied to 
 a pretended science which explained the 
 
 phenomena of nature, and events of 
 human life, by the influence of the 
 stars. Hippocrates considered astrology 
 among the studies necessary for a physi- 
 cian. 
 
 As-tron'o-my. [Astrono'mia; 
 
 from airpov, a “ star,” and vdpog, a “ law.”] 
 Literally, that science which treats of tho 
 laws which govern the heavenly bodies ; 
 but, more generally, it includes every 
 thing which can be known of those 
 bodies. 
 
 A-tax'i-a.* [From a, neg., and raven u, 
 to “order.”] Literally, “want of order.” 
 Irregularity. A term applied to some 
 diseases. 
 
 A-tax'ic. [Atax'icus; from atax'ia.] 
 Irregular. 
 
 At axy. See Ataxia. 
 
 -Ate. A terminal syllable which, 
 added to the name of an acid ending 
 in -ic, expresses a combination of that 
 acid with a base ; as, nitrate of silver, 
 or a combination of nitric acid with the 
 oxide of silver. 
 
 At-e-lec'ta-sis,* or Atelectasis 
 
 Pul-iiio'iiiun.* [From dreXos, “im- 
 perfect,” and tsravig, “expansion.”] Ap- 
 plied to a state of the lungs in new-born 
 children, on account of some obstacle to 
 the complete establishment of respira- 
 tion. See Pulmo. 
 
 A-tlaal'a-moiis. [Atlial'amus ; 
 
 from a, priv., and OaXapog, a “marriage- 
 bed.”] Applied to plants which have 
 no conceptacles. 
 
 Atli-er-i-^e'rus.* [From dQnp, the 
 “pqint of a sword,” and xnpog, “slender.”] 
 Applied in the nominative plural neuter 
 ( Atherice'ra ) to a family of dipterous 
 insects, in which the lower and side 
 pieces of the sucker are linear and 
 pointed, or setaceous: atherice'rous. 
 
 A-tSier'ma-nous. [Attier'manus; 
 from a, priv., and Btppaivw, to “make 
 warm.”] Not communicating heat. 
 
 At!i-cr-©'ma, a tis* [From dOdpa, 
 “gruel.”] An encysted tumor contain- 
 ing a soft substance like panada. Beclard 
 observes that this kind of cyst, as well 
 as the varieties termed meliceris and 
 steatoma, are merely sebaceous follicles 
 enormously dilated. 
 
 Atti-er-om'a-tous. [Attieroma- 
 to'siis.] Of the nature of Atheroma. 
 
 Atli-let'ic. [Atlilet'iciis; from dB~ 
 X^rfig, an “athlete,” “one who strove for 
 a prize” (from aOXov , a “prize,” a “con- 
 test”).] Having a strong muscular de- 
 velopment, like those who exercised in 
 the ancient games. 
 
 67 
 
ATL 
 
 ATO 
 
 At-lan'tad. Same as Atlantal used 
 adverbially. 
 
 At-9aBn'tal. Applied by Dr. Bar- 
 clay as meaning towards the atlas. 
 
 At'las, an'fi* 0 .$ [From At'las, an 
 ancient giant, fabled to bear the heavens 
 upon his shoulders.] The first cervical 
 vertebra, so named, it would seem, be- 
 cause it immediately sustains the head, 
 a burden immensely disproportioned to 
 itself in size. 
 
 At-mi-dom 'e-ter, At-mom'e-ter. 
 [AtmMom'etmm, and Atmom'e- 
 tmm.] [From arpig, or arpog, “ vapor,” 
 and [icrpoy, a “measure.”] An instru- 
 ment by which the vapor exhaled from 
 a humid surface in a given time may be 
 measured. 
 
 At'mo-spfaere. [AtmospUise'ra; 
 
 from drpo;, “vapor,” and cr^alpa, a “globe” 
 or “sphere.”] The thin, elastic fluid 
 encompassing the earth to a height 
 judged to be about forty-five miles; the 
 natural air we breathe. 
 
 At-mo-spBaer'ic. [AtmospBiaer'i- 
 <cus.] Belonging to the atmosphere. 
 
 AtmospSaer'ic Pressure, or weight 
 of the atmosphere, is measured by the 
 length of a column of mercury. A mer- 
 curial column thirty inches in length 
 presses on a given surface with the same 
 force as the atmosphere in its ordinary 
 state; and hence the force of a sixty- 
 inch column is equal to the pressure of 
 two atmospheres, that of fifteen inches 
 to half an atmosphere, that of one inch 
 to one-thirtieth of the atmospheric pres- 
 sure. 
 
 A-to'^i-a,* or A-to'ki-a.* [From a, 
 priv.-, and tokos, “offspring.”] Sterility. 
 
 At'om. [At'omus; from a, neg., 
 and rep vo), to “cut,” to “divide.”] The 
 smallest particle of matter, incapable of 
 farther division. 
 
 At'om, Com-po'nent. That which 
 unites with another of different nature 
 to form a third or compound atom. 
 
 At'om, Com 'pound. That formed 
 by two atoms of different nature. 
 
 At'om, El-e-men'ta-ry. That of a 
 substance not decomposed. 
 
 At'om, Or-^an'ic. That of a sub- 
 stance found only in organic bodies. 
 
 At'om, Pri'ma-ry. Same as Atom, 
 Elementary. 
 
 At-om'ic. [Atom'icus.] Belong- 
 ing to atoms or particles. 
 
 Atom'ic The'o-rjr. A theory intro- 
 duced by Dalton for explaining the laws 
 of definite proportions in chemical com- 
 binations. It is founded on the sup- 
 68 
 
 position that matter consists of ultimate, 
 indivisible particles, called atoms, that 
 these are of the same size and shape in 
 the same body, but differ in weight in 
 different bodies, and that bodies com- 
 bine in definite proportions with refer- 
 ence to those weights, which are hence 
 called atomic weights. The main features 
 of this theory are briefly stated in the 
 following paragraphs. 
 
 In bodies capable of assuming the 
 gaseous form, the weight of the atom is 
 obtained from the volume: thus, water 
 being composed of one volume of oxy- 
 gen united with two volumes (or one 
 atom) of hydrogen, the relative weights 
 will be — oxygen, 8, hydrogen, 1, and 
 water, 9. 
 
 In bodies which do not assume the 
 gaseous form in their simple state, the 
 weight of the atom is deduced from thnt 
 of the compound : the weight of carbon, 
 for instance, is obtained from that of 
 carbonic acid gas, one volume of which 
 weighs twenty-two times as much as 
 our standard of unity; of the twenty- 
 two parts, sixteen are hydfogen, leaving 
 6 to represent the primary molecule of 
 carbon. 
 
 In the case of bodies which are inca- 
 pable of assuming a gaseous form, either 
 alone or in combination, the weight must 
 be obtained by analysis : thus, marble, or 
 the carbonate of lime, is found to be 
 composed of twenty-two parts of car- 
 bonic acid and twenty-eight of lime; 28, 
 therefore, represents the atomic weight 
 of lime. 
 
 The atomic weights are generally sup- 
 posed to be related to one another by 
 multiple: hence this law is often called 
 the law of multiples, or of combinations 
 in multiple proportion. This will be easily 
 seen by referring to the component parts 
 of the following substances: — 
 
 Nitrogen. Oxygen. 
 
 Nitrous oxide 14 8 
 
 Nitric oxide 14 16 
 
 Hyponitrous acid 14 24 
 
 Nitrous acid 14 32 
 
 Nitric acid 14 40 
 
 When only one combination of any 
 two elementary bodies exists, Dr. Dalton 
 assumes that its elements are united, 
 atom to atom singly, by what he calls 
 binary combinations; if several com- 
 pounds can be obtained from the same 
 elements, they combine, as he supposes, 
 in proportions expressed by some simple 
 multiple of the number of atoms, as in 
 the following table: — 
 
ATO 
 
 ATT 
 
 Atoms — 
 
 1 of A + 1 of B = 1 of C, binary. 
 
 1 of A -f 2 of B = 1 of D, ternary. 
 
 2 of A + 1 of B = 1 of E, ternary. 
 
 1 of A + 3 of B = 1 of F, quaternary. 
 
 3 of A + 1 of B = 1 of G, quaternary. 
 
 Atonia. See Atonv. 
 
 A-ton'Ic. [Aton'icus; from a, priv., 
 and rdi/cg, “ tone.”] Without, or having 
 diminished, tone or power. 
 
 At'o-ny. [Ato'naa; from the same.] 
 Want or diminution of muscular tone. 
 
 Atrabiliary, at-ra-bil'ya-re. [At- 
 rabilia'rius; from atrabi'lis , “black 
 bile.”] Melancholy; atrabilious. Atra- 
 biliary capsules, arteries, and veins, are 
 names applied to the renal or supra- 
 renal glands or capsules, and to the 
 arteries and veins by which they are 
 supplied, because they were formerly 
 supposed to produce black bile. See 
 Atrabilts. 
 
 Atrabilious, at-ra-bil'yus. [From 
 the same.] Melancholy, hypochondriac. 
 
 At-ra-bi'lis.* [From a' ter , “black,” 
 and bi'lis, “bile.”] Black bile; an im- 
 aginary fluid, supposed, when existing in 
 excessive quantity, to be the cause of 
 Melancholy, which see. 
 
 Atracluelus,* at-ra-ke'lus. [From a, 
 priv., and Tpaxn\og, the “neck.”] With- 
 out a neck; having a very short neck. 
 
 At-ra-meii'tum. :i: ‘ [From a' ter, 
 “black.”] A Latin term denoting the 
 coloring matter secreted by the cuttle- 
 fish (Se'pia ) ; also, ink. 
 
 A-tre'si-a.* [From a, priv., and rpii- 
 oig, a “ boring,” a “perforation.”] Iinper- 
 foration ; usually applied to the rectum, 
 urethra, etc. 
 
 A-t ret-o-^ejpEn a-lus, *' A-tret-o- 
 cor'mus.* [From a, priv., rirp^pi, to 
 “perforate,” Kepah'i, the “head,” and xop- 
 pog, a “trunk.”] A monster-foetus with- 
 out the natural openings in the head or 
 trunk. 
 
 Atriplex Foetida. See Chenopo- 
 
 DIUM VULVARIA. 
 
 A-trip'li-^es.* The Jussieuan name 
 of a natural order. See Chenopodiace^:. 
 
 At'ro-pa.* [From ’Arpoxog, of the 
 three Fates, that one whose special duty 
 it was to cut the thread of life: named 
 on account of its deadly or poisonous 
 qualities.] A Linnsean genus of the class 
 Pentandria, natural order Solanacese. 
 
 At'ropa BelTa-don'na.* The 
 deadly nightshade, or belladonna, a 
 plant belonging to the narcotico-acrid 
 poisons. 
 
 A-tro'pM-a.* [From a, priv., and 
 
 TporJ))'], “nourishment.”] Atrophy. A 
 genus of the order Mareoren, class Car 
 chexire, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 At'ro-pby. [Atro'phia. See Atro- 
 phia.] Defect of nutrition ; wasting or 
 emaciation, with loss of strength, unac- 
 companied by fever. 
 
 A-tro'pi-a.* A peculiar alkaline 
 principle found in all parts of the Atropa 
 Belladonna. It is highly poisonous, and 
 in the most minute proportion has the 
 property of dilating the pupil of the eye. 
 
 Al'ropin. See Atropia. 
 
 At'ro-pismu. [Atropis'mus.] The 
 condition of the system produced by the 
 persevering use of belladonna. 
 
 Attar Gul, iD'tar gool. [From at’tar , 
 “essence,” and gul, a “rose.”] A phrase 
 taken from the Persian, and signifying 
 Attar of Roses, or Otto of Roses. See 
 next article. 
 
 At'tar of Ro'ses [see preceding ety- 
 mology], or Oil of Roses. An essence 
 prepared from the petals of the damask 
 rose (and probably from other species) 
 by distillation with water. The oil col- 
 lects and floats on the surface of the 
 water when it cools. 
 
 At-ten'u-ant. [Atten'uans, a n'tis; 
 from attcn’uo, attenua’ turn, to “make 
 thin.”] Applied to medicines supposed 
 to impart to the blood a thinner or more 
 fluid consistence, as water, whey, etc. 
 
 At-ten'u-at-ed. [Attenua'f us ? 
 
 from the same.] Become slender; thin. 
 
 At'ten-u-a'tion. [ At tenant io ? 
 from the same.] The lessening of weight 
 or of consistency; emaciation. The 
 term is applied to a process by which a 
 fluid becomes of less specific gravity, as 
 when it undergoes fermentation and 
 parts with carbonic acid. 
 
 At-tol'lens.* [From attol'lo , to 
 “raise up.”] Raising up. 
 
 Attoflens Au'rem.** (“ Raising the 
 ear.”) A muscle whose office is indi- 
 cated by its name. 
 
 Atlollens Oculi. See Rectus Su- 
 perior OCULI. 
 
 At-tract'. [From ad, “to,” or “to- 
 wards,” and tra’ho, trac'tum, to “draw.”] 
 To draw to or towards. See next article. 
 
 At-trac'tiou. [Attrac'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] That principle or power 
 in the material universe by which one 
 particle or mass of matter is drawn to or 
 towards another. 
 
 Attraction of Affin'ity. The ten- 
 dency of the atoms of different bodies to 
 combine to form chemical compounds . 
 See Affinity. 
 
 09 
 
ATT 
 
 A UR 
 
 Attraction, Cap'illary. The power 
 by which a liquid rises in a fine tube 
 higher than the surface of the liquid 
 which surrounds it. See Capillary. 
 
 Attrac'tion of Cohe'sion. The ten- 
 dency of the molecules of a body to 
 cohere, to form masses. It is antagonist 
 of Affinity. 
 
 Attraction, ElecTrtcal. The prop- 
 erty displayed by certain substances of 
 attracting certain others on being rubbed. 
 
 Attraction of Gravita'tion. The 
 tendencies of masses of bodies towards 
 each other. See Gravity. 
 
 Attraction, Magnetic. The tend- 
 ency of certain bodies, chiefly iron, 
 towards the north pole of the earth, and 
 towards other bodies possessed of the 
 property called magnetism. 
 
 Attraction, Double Elective. See 
 Affinity, Double Elective. 
 
 Attraction, Simple Elective. See 
 Affinity, Single Elective. 
 
 At'tra-lieiis.* [The present parti- 
 ciple of at'traho , to “draw to, or to- 
 wards.” See Attract.] Applied in the 
 neuter plural (Attrahentia, at-tra-hen'- 
 she-a) to medicaments which irritate the 
 surface, thereby attracting the fluids to 
 the part, as blisters, sinapisms, etc. See 
 Epispastic. 
 
 At'tralieiis Au'ris.* [At? tr aliens, 
 “drawing” or “drawing to,” and au'ris , 
 “of the ear.”] A muscle which draws the 
 ear forwards and upwards; also called 
 anterior auria , and prior auriculae. 
 
 Attrahentia. See Attrahens. 
 
 Attrition, at-trish'un. [Attri'tio, 
 O 'nis; from at'tero , attri'tum , to “rub 
 against,” to “wear away.”] An abra- 
 sion or solution of continuity of the 
 cuticle; also, a severe kind of Cardiahpa : 
 sometimes applied in surgery to the vio- 
 lent crushing of a part. 
 
 Au'dI-to-ry. [Audiio'rius; from 
 au'dio, audi'tum , to “hear.”] Belonging 
 to the organ or the sense of hearing. 
 Same as Acoustic. 
 
 Au'ditory Nerve. The Portio Mol- 
 lis of the seventh pair, which see. 
 
 Aug’ite, aw'jit. [From avyri, “bright- 
 ness,” and \i96$, a “stone.”] Pyroxene. 
 A silicate of lime and magnesia. 
 
 Au ra . 5 [A Latin word signifying a 
 “breath,” a “gentle breeze;” from «o>, 
 to “breathe.”] A subtle vapor, or exha- 
 lation. 
 
 Au'ra Elec'trtca.* Literally, the 
 “electrical breeze.” The sensation, as 
 of cold air, experienced when electricity 
 is received from a sharp point. 
 
 70 
 
 Au'ra Epjlep'tica.* The peculiar 
 sensation felt by epileptic patients, as 
 of a cold fluid rising towards the head. 
 
 Au'ra Hyster'ica.* The sensation as 
 of cold air ascending to the head, said 
 to occur sometimes in hysteria. 
 
 Au'ra Semina'lis,* Au'ra Sem'inis.* 
 The supposed vivifying principle of the 
 Semen virile, believed to ascend through 
 the Fallopian tubes, thereby impreg- 
 nating the ovum in the ovarium. 
 
 Au'ra Vita'lis.* The vital principle. 
 
 Aurantia,* au-ran'she-a, the plural 
 of Auran'tium, forming the Jussieuan 
 name of a natural order of plants. See 
 AurantiacejE. 
 
 An ran t i acese,* aw - ran - she -a ' sh e - e . 
 
 [From auran’tium, the “orange.”] A 
 natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, natives of the East Indies and 
 other warm climates. It includes the 
 orange, lemon, lime, and citron. The 
 leaves and rind of the fruit abound in a 
 volatile, fragrant, bitter, and exciting oil. 
 
 Aurantiaceous, aw-ran -she-a'shus. 
 [Anrantia'ccus; from auran’tium, an 
 “orange.”] Having an arrangement as 
 in the orange-plant. See Aurantiacea:. 
 
 Aurantium,* aw-ran'she-um. [Sup- 
 posed to be derived from au'rnm, “ gold.”] 
 The orange. The fruit of Citrus biyara- 
 dia and C. auravtium (Lond. Ph.), of 
 Citrus vulgaris (Ed. Ph.), or C. aurantium 
 (U.S. Ph.'). 
 
 Au 'rate. [An'ras, a '/?'#.] A com- 
 bination of auric acid with a base. 
 
 Au'rate of Am-mo'ni-a. [Am- 
 
 mo'nise Au ras.] Fulminating Gold, 
 which see. 
 
 Au-re'll-a.* [From au'rum, “gold.”] 
 A term for the chrysalis or pupa of in- 
 sects, often adorned with golden spots. 
 
 Au'ric As'id. [Au'rienm A$'i<l- 
 hub; from au'rum, “gold.”] A name 
 proposed by Pelletier for the peroxide 
 of gold, on account of its property of 
 forming salts with alkaline bases. 
 
 Auricle. See Auricula. 
 
 A u -r ic ' u-la,* plural Au-ric'u-lie. 
 [The diminutive of au'ris, the “oar.”] 
 The auricle or external portion of the ear. 
 
 Auric ula Iii'fl-ma.* Literally, the 
 “lowest ear.” The lobe of the ear. 
 
 Au-ric'u-Isc C’or'ilis.* [From ow- 
 ric'ula and cor, cor' die, the “heart.”] 
 “Auricles of the heart.” A term ap- 
 plied to those cavities of the heart which 
 lead to the ventricles. 
 
 Au-ric-u-la'ris.* [From avric'ula , 
 an “ear.”] Belonging to the ear: au- 
 ric'ular. 
 
AUR 
 
 AYE 
 
 Au-ric'u-late. [Anricnla'tns; 
 
 from auric' ula, an “car.”] Applied in 
 Botany to a leaf when jt has a lobe on 
 each side of its base; eared. 
 
 Aurictile, O'rAkiil'. The French 
 term for Auricle, which see. 
 
 Au-ricu-ltt-Ven-tric'u-lar O'pen- 
 iug. Tiie opening between the auricle 
 anil ventricle of each side of the heart. 
 
 Aa-rif er-ous. [Atirif 'erus; from 
 mi' run i, “gold,” and fe'ro , to “bear.”] 
 Bearing or containing gold. 
 
 Aa'ri-fi>rjit. [Aurifor mis; from 
 an'ris , the “ear.”] Formed like the ear. 
 
 Au-ri'go,* or Au-ra'go.'^ [From 
 an' rum, “gold.”] Orange-skin. A term 
 applied to an orange hue diffused over 
 the entire surface of the skin in new- 
 born infants: Sauvages terras it ephe'lis 
 lu'tea. Also an old name for jaundice. 
 
 Au-rl-pig-ni3ii'tuiii.* [From an'- 
 rum , “gold,” and piginen'tum , “paint.”] 
 Yellow Orpiment. See Orpiment. 
 
 An'ris.* The Latin term for the 
 “ear.” It is distinguished into the ex- 
 ternal and the internal. 
 
 Au-ri-sc&l'piun.* [From scal'po , 
 to “scrape.”] An instrument for cleans- 
 ing the ear. 
 
 Au'ri-sci»pe. [Auris'copus; from 
 an'ris, the “ear,” and okottcm, to “ex- 
 plore.”] An instrument for ascertaining 
 the condition of the Eustachian passage. 
 
 Aiirinm, Tinnitus. See Tinnitus 
 Aurium. 
 
 Au'ruwt.* The Latin for Gold, which 
 see. 
 
 Aunim F ulna i Qians. See Fulmi- 
 nating Gold. 
 
 Aus-cul-ta'tion. [Anscnita'tio, 
 
 o' mis; from auscul'to , ausculta'tum , to 
 “listen.”] The act of listening to the 
 sound given by particular parts of the 
 body when struck, or to the sounds pro- 
 duced by the functional movements of 
 the lungs or heart. 
 
 Ausculta'tion, Iin-me'di-atie. 
 
 That practised directly by the ear of 
 the practitioner without the aid of an 
 instrument. 
 
 Ausculta'tion, Me'da-ate. That 
 performed by employing a stethoscope 
 or some similar instrument. 
 
 Aus-traTis.* [From Aus'ter , the 
 “south wind.”] Belonging to the south: 
 aus'tral. 
 
 Au-to-car'pous. [Autocar 'pens, 
 or Autocarpia'nus; from auro;, “it- 
 self,” and Kapiro;, “fruit.”] Applied to 
 fruit not adherent to the calyx; superior. 
 
 Autochthon,* au-tok'thon, plural 
 
 Au-toch'tho-nes. [From avrdt, “it. 
 self,” sometimes “very,” and^d^/* land,” 
 or “country.”] A name given, by those 
 who hold the doctrine that the various 
 races of mankind wer e originally distinct, 
 to the first inhabitants of a country, sup- 
 posed to have been produced in the 
 “very country or place itself.” 
 
 Autochthonous. See Thrombus. 
 
 Au-tog'e-nous. [Autog'enus; from 
 avros, “itself,” or “one’s self,” and ymo, 
 to “be born.”] Applied in Comparative 
 Anatomy, by Owen, to parts developed 
 from distinct and independent centres. 
 
 Au-to-inat'ic. [Automat'ieus ; 
 
 from ai> to par 1 ^,( 0 , to “act spontaneously.”] 
 Applied to functions or motions per- 
 formed without the will, as digestion, 
 the heart’s action, etc. 
 
 Au-to-plas'tic. [Autoplas'ticus.] 
 Belonging to autoplasty. 
 
 Au'to-pflas-ty. [Autojplas'tia ; 
 from avrog, “one’s self,” and ttX'htco), to 
 “form.”] Operations by which lesions 
 are repaired by means of healthy parts 
 being taken from the neighborhood of 
 the lesion and made to supply the de- 
 ficiency caused by wounds or disease. 
 
 Au-top'so-riu. [From avrog, “one’s 
 self,” and i//-opa, the “itch.”] That 
 which is given under the homoeopathic 
 doctrine of administering a patient’s 
 own virus. 
 
 Au'top-sy* [Autop'sia; from avrog, 
 “one’s self,” and the “act of see- 
 ing.”] Ocular examination. 
 
 A-ve'ma.* The oat. The Pharma- 
 copoeial name (Ed. Ph.) for the seeds of 
 Arena sativa. See Avenai: Semina. 
 
 Ave'na Sa-ti'va.* The oat-plant. 
 See AvENiE Semina. 
 
 A-ve'nae Fa-ri'na.* (“Meal of Oats.”) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S.Ph.) for 
 oatmeal, prepared from the seed of Arena 
 sativa. Used for gruels, decoctions, etc. 
 
 A-ve'anae Sem'I-aia.* [From se'men, 
 “seed,” plural sem'ina.] Literally, the 
 “seeds of the oat.” Oats; the fruit of 
 the Arena satira, of the order Graminese, 
 yielding a flour or meal which forms a 
 common article of food in some parts of 
 Europe. Groats are the oats freed from 
 the cuticle, and used in broth and gruels. 
 
 A-ve-na'ccous. [Avena'ceus.] Be- 
 longing to the Arena. 
 
 A-ven-5-for'mis.* [From ave'na , 
 and for'ma.] Like a grain of oats: 
 aven'iform. 
 
 A-ve'ni-ous. [Ave'nius; from a, 
 priv., and ve'na, a “vein.”] Applied to the 
 leaves of plants without veins, or nerves. 
 
 71 
 
AYE 
 
 AZY 
 
 A'ves,* the plural of Avis, which see. 
 
 A-vic'u-lar. [Avacaila'ris ; from 
 avic'ula , a “little bird.”] Pertaining to 
 birds. 
 
 A 'vis.* A bird. Applied in the plu- 
 ral (A'ves) to a class of oviparous Ver- 
 ted rata including all birds proper. 
 
 Avoime, Avwan'. The French for 
 “oats.” See Avena. 
 
 A-vul'sion. [Avul'sio; fvomavel’lo, 
 avul' sum, to “tear asunder.”] The forci- 
 ble separation from each other of parts 
 of the body which were previously more 
 or less intimately united. 
 
 Awm. See Arista. 
 
 Ax-if'er-mis. [Axif'erus; from 
 ax' is, and fe’ro, to “bear.”] Applied to 
 plants having only a stem or axis, vari- 
 ously modified. 
 
 Ax-il'la.* The armpit; the cavity 
 under the upper part of the arm and 
 shoulder. Applied in Botany to the 
 angle formed by a branch and the stem, 
 or by a leaf with either of these. 
 
 Ax-il-la'ras.* [From axil’ la, the 
 “armpit;” Fr. Axillaire, ax'6'laiR'.] Be- 
 longing to the axilla: axillary. Applied 
 also to branches and leaves that form an 
 axilla. 
 
 Ax'il-la-ry. Belonging to the arm- 
 pit. See Axillaris. 
 
 Ax'illary Plex'us. [Plex'us Ax- 
 illaris.] The brachial plexus formed 
 by the three last cervical and the first 
 dorsal nerves. 
 
 Ax'is.* [Perhaps from a’ go, to “ act,” 
 to “drive.”] Literally, an “axle” about 
 which any revolving body turns. A 
 right line, real or imaginary, passing 
 through the centre of any body. The 
 name of the second vertebra of the neck, 
 its tooth-like process serving as an axis 
 on which the atlas, and so the head itself, 
 turns; also termed Ver’tebra deuta'ta. 
 In Astronomy, the axis of the earth is 
 that diameter about which it performs its 
 diurnal revolution. In Geology, applied 
 to the centre of a mountain-group. In 
 Botany, the stem and root of a plant, 
 termed, respectively, the ascending and 
 descending axis. 
 
 Axis, Anticlinal. See Anticlinal. 
 
 Axis, Synclinal. See Synclinal 
 Axis. 
 
 Ax-ot'o-mous. [Axot'omns; from 
 
 aCtxj, the “axis,” and ri/jvw, to “cut.”] 
 Applied to minerals which arc clcavablc 
 in one direction, perpendicular to the axis. 
 
 Ax-un'^l-a.* [From ax’ is, an “axle- 
 tree,” and un’guo, to “anoint,” to 
 72 
 
 “smear;” Fr. Axonge, &x7>Nzh'.] Hog’s 
 lard. The Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. 
 Ph.) of the fat of the Sns scrofa, the 
 Adeps (U. S. Ph.), or Adeps suillus 
 (Dub. Ph ). See Adeps. 
 
 Axun'gia Porci'ma.* The same as 
 Adeps Suillus, which see. 
 
 Az-e-ta'ic A^'id. An acid obtained 
 by treating oleic with nitric acid. It 
 closely resembles suberic acid. An- 
 other acid, the Azoleic, is procured by 
 the same process. The terms are derived 
 from the words azote and oleic. 
 
 Az-o-ben'zMe. A new substance 
 obtained by heating a mixture of nitro- 
 benzide with an alcoholic solution of 
 potassa. 
 
 Az-o-lit'man. A pure coloring ma- 
 terial, of a deep blood-red color, obtained 
 from litmus. 
 
 Az'ote. [Azo'tnm; from a, priv., 
 and (,ao), to “live;” because unfit for sus- 
 taining life.] Nitrogen gas. 
 
 A-zdt'Ic A$'id. Another name for 
 Nitric Acid, which see. 
 
 Az-o'tous A^'id. Another name for 
 nitrous acid; the hyponitrous acid of 
 Turner. Sec Nitrous Acid. 
 
 Az-dt-u'ri-a.** [From azo'tum, and 
 ovpov, the “urine.”] A class of diseases 
 characterized by a great increase of 
 urea in the urine. 
 
 Az-ul'mic A$'id. The name given 
 by Boullay to the black matter deposited 
 during the decomposition of prussic 
 acid. It is very similar to ulmic acid. 
 See Ulmin. 
 
 Azure, a'zhur. A fine blue pigment, 
 commonly called smalt, consisting of 
 glass colored with oxide of cobalt and 
 ground to an impalpable powder. 
 
 Az ure Stone. [La'pis Uaz'uli.] 
 An azure-blue mineral from which the 
 unchangeable blue color ultramarine is 
 prepared. 
 
 Azygos Uvulae. See Azygous Mus- 
 cle. 
 
 Az'y-goais. [Az'ygos; from a, priv., 
 and t,vy6q, a “yoke.”] Without a fellow, or 
 corresponding part. 
 
 Az'ygous Mus cle. A muscle of tho 
 uvula. 
 
 Azygous Process. [Processus 
 Az'ygos.] A process of tho sphenoid 
 bone. 
 
 Az'ygousVein. [Ve'na Az'ygos.] 
 
 A vein formed by the union of tho lower 
 intercostal veins of the left side, and 
 ascending in front of tho spine on tho 
 right side of the aorta. 
 
BAB 
 
 BAL 
 
 B. 
 
 B. A. = BaVneum Are'nae.* A sand- 
 bath. 
 
 Bab 'lab. The rind or shell which 
 surrounds the fruit of the Mimosa cine- 
 raria. It is brought from the East 
 Indies, under the name of nebneb , and is 
 employed as a dye-stuff. 
 
 Bac'ca.* A berry; an inferior, inde- 
 hiscent, pulpy fruit, as the gooseberry. 
 The term is often otherwise applied by 
 botanists. 
 
 Baccate. [Bacca'tus; from bac'ca, 
 a “ berry. ”] Resembling a berry. 
 
 Bacchia,* bak-ki'a. [From Bac'clms, 
 the “god of wine.”] Gutta Rosacea. 
 The pimpled condition of the face con- 
 sequent on hard drinking. See Acne 
 Rosacea. 
 
 Bacciferous, bak-sif'er-us. [Bac'- 
 ^ifer, or Baccif'erus; from bac'ca , 
 a “berry,” and fe'ro , to “bear.”] Bear- 
 ing berries. 
 
 Bacciform, bak'se-form. [Bacci- 
 forniis; from bac'ca, a “berry.”] Hav- 
 ing the form of a berry. 
 
 Baccivorous, bak-siv'o-rus. [Bac- 
 eiv'orus; from bac'ca, a “berry,” and 
 vo'ro , to “devour.”] Eating or living 
 on berries. 
 
 Bacli'e-lor’s Buttons. A name 
 sometimes applied to Nux Vomica, which 
 see. 
 
 Bach'er’s Ton'ic Pills. Extract 
 of hellebore and myrrh, of each 5j, with 
 Siij of powdered carduus benedictus, to 
 be divided into pills of one grain each: 
 dose, two to six three times a day. 
 
 Backbone. See Spine. 
 
 Bac'u-lus.* Literally, a “stick” or 
 “staff,” and hence the name of a lozenge, 
 shaped into a little, short roll. 
 
 Baignoire. See Baptisterium. 
 
 Bain, baNg. The French word for 
 Bath, which see. 
 
 Ba ker’s Itch. A species of Psori'a- 
 sis diffu'sa, resulting from the irritating 
 qualities of yeast. 
 
 Ba'ker’s Salt. A name given to the 
 subcarbonate of ammonia, or smelling- 
 salts, from its being used by bakers as a 
 substitute for yeast in the manufacture 
 of some of the finer kinds of bread. 
 
 Ba-lae'na Mac-ro-^eph'a-lus.* A 
 species of Physeter Macrocephalus, 
 which see. 
 
 Balsenidse,* ba-len'e-de. [From balse'- 
 na, a “whale.”] A family of the Cetacea. 
 7 * 
 
 Bal ance E-lec-trom'e-ter. An in- 
 strument, constructed on the application 
 of the common balance and weights, to 
 estimate the mutual attraction of oppo- 
 sitely-electrified surfaces. 
 
 Bal-a-nif'er-ous. [Balanif 'erus; 
 from (iaXavog , an “ acorn,” and fe'ro , to 
 “bear.”] Bearing acorns. 
 
 Bal'a-nism. [Balanis'miis; from 
 / 3a\avig , a “pessary.”] The application 
 of a pessary. 
 
 Bal-a-ni'tis.* [From paXavog , the 
 “ glans penis."] Inflammation of the 
 glans penis and prepuce, commonly 
 complicated with phymosis; otherwise 
 termed Gonorrhoe' a bal'ani , Bal' ano-pos- 
 thi'tis, and Posthitis. 
 
 Bal'it-noid. [Balanoi'dcs; from 
 {JaXavog, an “acorn.”] Resembling an 
 acorn. 
 
 Balanophoracese,* bal'a-no-fo-ra'- 
 she-e. [Named from Balanoph'ora , one 
 of the genera.] A natural order of 
 fungus-like parasitical plants. They 
 belong to the class of Rhizogens. 
 
 Bal'a-no-Pos-thi'tis, id is* [From 
 / 3d\auog , the “ glans penis," and n oadrj, the 
 “prepuce.”] The same as Balanitis. 
 
 Bal a- n us.* [Gr./faXtn/oj, an “acorn,” 
 a “gland.”] The Gians penis and Gians 
 clitoridis. 
 
 Ba-laus'ti-um.* [From paYtog, “ va- 
 rious.”] The flower of the pomegranate- 
 tree. 
 
 Balbuties,- bal-bu'she-ez. [From 
 balbu'tio, to “stammer.”] Hesitation 
 of speech; stammering. See Stammer- 
 ing. 
 
 Ball-and-Socket Joint, See Enar- 
 
 THROSTS. 
 
 Bal-lis'imis,* [From paXXiCcj, to 
 “dance.”] A name for Chorea , or St. 
 Vitus’s dance. 
 
 Bal-loon'. [Fr. Ballon, bal'l6N«'.] 
 A spherical glass receiver, with one or 
 two necks for adaptation to a retort or 
 other vessel. 
 
 Bal-lo'ta ILa-na'ta.* A plant indi- 
 genous in Siberia, recommended by 
 Brera in rheumatic and gouty affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Ballottement, bal'lott'moN 6 '. [From 
 the French ballotter, bal'lot'tiV, to “toss 
 as a ball,” to “ shake about.”] The pas- 
 sive movements of the foetus in the 
 liquor arnnii, felt by applying the finger 
 to the cervix uteri and raising it sud- 
 73 
 
BAL 
 
 BAL 
 
 denly upwards, when the foetus will 
 strike on the finger in its descent. 
 
 ’ftalm, b&m. [From baV samum, “ bal- 
 sam.”] A soothing or healing medicine. 
 
 Balm of Gilead. See Balsam of 
 Mecca. 
 
 Balm Tea. An infusion of the leaves 
 of Metis' sa ojjicina' Us , or common balm. 
 
 Bal-aie-og^ra-play. [Balneogra'- 
 phia; from bal'neum, a “bath,” and 
 ypd(p(t), to “write.”] A description of 
 baths. 
 
 Bal-ne-oro-gy. [Balneolo'gia ; 
 
 from bal'neum, a “bath,” and \6yoq, a 
 “ discourse.”] A treatise on baths ; the 
 science of baths. 
 
 BM'Ke-o-ther-a-pi'a.* [From bal'- 
 neum , a ‘bath,” and Oepanda, “attend- 
 ance.”] The proper employment of baths. 
 
 Bal'ii«s-um.* [G-r. fiaXaveTov.] The 
 Latin term for Bath, which see. 
 
 Bal'neum An-i-ma'le.* Any part 
 of a newly-killed animal, wrapped round 
 the body or a limb. 
 
 Bal'neum A r-e'nse.* (“ Bath of 
 sand.”) See Bath. 
 
 Bal'neum Ma-ri'ae,* Bal'neum 
 Ma'ris.* A water-bath, a vessel being 
 put into another containing water, which 
 is placed on the fire; heat is thus gra- 
 dually communicated. 
 
 Bal'neum Med-i-ca'tum.* A medi- 
 cated bath ; a bath impregnated with 
 medicinal substances. 
 
 Bal'neum Sic' cum.- (“ Dry bath.”) 
 Immersion in any dry substance, as ashes, 
 salt, sand, etc. 
 
 Bal'neum Sul-plau're-um.* A bath 
 containing sulphur. 
 
 Bals. Abbreviation for Balsamum* 
 “Balsam.” 
 
 Balsam. See Balsamum. 
 
 Bal'sam (baul'sam) of the Au'gia 
 Sinen'sis, or Chinese' Var'nisii: it 
 dries into a smooth, shining lac, used for 
 lacquering and varnishing. 
 
 Balsam of Copaiba. See Copaiba. 
 
 Bal'sam of Liquidam'bau. Balsam 
 which flows from incisions made into 
 the trunk of the Liquidambar sty racijlua : 
 it dries up readily, and thus occurs in 
 the solid form. 
 
 Bal'sam of Mec'ca (“Mecca Bal- 
 sam”), or O'pobalsam. Balsam obtained 
 by incisions of, and by boiling, the 
 branches and leaves of the Amyris Gilea- 
 deusis (otherwise called Balsamomendron 
 G ileadense), and the A. Opobalsamum. It 
 becomes eventually solid. 
 
 Bal'sam of Peru'. ( Bal'samum Pe- 
 ruvia'num .*) A balsam procured from 
 74 
 
 the Myrospermum Peruiferum. There 
 are two kinds: the brown balsam, ex- 
 tracted by incision, very rare, imported 
 in the husk of the cocoanut, and hence 
 called balsam en coque ; and the black 
 balsam, obtained by evaporating the 
 decoction of the bark and branches of 
 the tree. These are semi-fluid balsams. 
 
 Bal'sam of Sto'rax. Balsam said 
 to be procured from the Liquidambar 
 attina and Orientale. The substance 
 sold as strained storax is prepared from 
 an impure variety of liquid storax. 
 
 Bal'sam of To'lu. ( Bal'samum To 
 luia'num .*) A balsam which flows spon- 
 taneously from the trunk of the Myro- 
 spermum toluiferum and dries into a red- 
 dish resinous mass. 
 
 The following artificial balsams may 
 be named : — 
 
 Bal'sam of Hore'hound. An aqueous 
 infusion of horehound and liquorice-root, 
 with double the proportion of proof spirit, 
 or brandy, to which are then added 
 opium, camphor, benzoin, squills, oil of 
 aniseed, and honey. 
 
 Bal'sam of Liq'uorice. This con- 
 sists principally of paregoric elixir, very 
 strongly impregnated with the oil of 
 aniseed. 
 
 Bal'sam of Sitl'phur. A solution 
 of sulphur in volatile oils. 
 
 Balsamacese,* bal-sa-ma'she-e, or 
 Bal-sa-mif 'lu-se.* A natural order 
 of balsamiferous trees, consisting of one 
 genus, the Liquidambar. This order is 
 termed by Lindley Altingiacese. 
 
 Balsamatio (bal-sa-ma'she-o), 
 
 o 'nis* [From bal'samum.] The process 
 of embalming dead bodies. See Em- 
 balming. 
 
 Bal-sa'me-ms.* Of the nature of a 
 balsam. Also the specific name of a tree 
 which produces balsam. 
 
 Bal-sam'ic. [Balsam 'icns.] Per- 
 taining to balsam; of the nature of bal- 
 sam. 
 
 Bal-sam'ic-a.* Balsamics. A term 
 generally applied to substances of a 
 smooth and oily consistence, possessing 
 emollient and generally aromatic pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Kal-sa-niif'e-ra Bra-zil-I-en'sis.* 
 
 An ther name for the Copaifera offici- 
 nalis. 
 
 BsO-sa-mif'er-ous. [Balsam if'* 
 
 eraas; from bal'samum, a “balsam,” and 
 fe'ro , to “bear.”] Bearing or yielding 
 balsam. 
 
 Balsamiaiaceae,*bal-sam-in-a'she-e. 
 [From Balsami'na, one of the genera.] 
 
BAL 
 
 BAR 
 
 A natural order of herbaceous plants 
 including the Impatient noli-tangere . 
 They are prized for their showy 
 flowers. 
 
 BM-sa-mo-den'dron.* [From /?aA- 
 o-a/ucn, a “balsam," and bivbpov, a “tree."] 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Octandria. 
 See Amyris. 
 
 Balsamoden'dron Myr'rha/ The 
 
 tree supposed to yield myrrh. 
 
 Balsa-mum.* [Gr. lidXaapov', from 
 Heb. baal samen , the “prince of oils."] 
 A balsam. A vegetable juice, liquid, or 
 semifluid, or spontaneously becoming 
 concrete. 
 
 Bal'samnm Can-a-den'se.* Cana- 
 dian balsam: obtained from the Pin us 
 balsa me a. 
 
 Balsamum (o-pai lmr. Balsam 
 of copaiba or copaiva; vulgarly, capivi f 
 and capivi oil. See Copaiba. 
 
 Balsamum Gileadense. See Bal- 
 sam of Mecca. 
 
 Balsamum Ju-tla'I-cum.* An- 
 other term for the Balsamum Gileadense. 
 
 Balsamum Peruvianum. See 
 
 Balsam of Peru. 
 
 Bal samum Sapona'ceum*(sap-o- 
 na'she-um). The camphorated soap lini- 
 ment, or opodeldoc. 
 
 Balsamum Syr-i'a-eum. s The 
 
 Balsamum Gileadense. 
 
 Balsamum Tolulanum. See Bal- 
 sam of Tolu. 
 
 Bal'samumVe'rum.* (“True Bal- 
 sam.") The Balsamum Gileadense. 
 
 Ban'dage. [Fascia, Beliga'tio, 
 
 o'nis , and Des'ma.] One or more 
 pieces of cotton, linen, or flannel, for 
 wrapping round any part of the body: 
 they are simple, as the circular, spiral, 
 uniting, etc., or compound, as the T 
 bandage, the suspensory, eighteen-tailed, 
 etc. etc. 
 
 Bnii-dan'a. A style of calico-print- 
 ing practised in India, in which white 
 or brightly-colored spots are produced 
 upon a red or dark ground. 
 
 Ban'dy-Begrged. [ Bandy is a cor- 
 ruption of the French participle bande, 
 “bent," from bander , to “bend."] Hav- 
 ing legs the bones of which are curved 
 outwards, or otherwise. See D e valgatus. 
 
 Bang:, or Bang;ue. See Cannabis 
 Indica, and Bhang. 
 
 Ban'yer’s 4>mt'ment. An ointment 
 consisting of half a pound of litharge, 
 two ounces of burnt alum, one ounce and 
 a half of calomel, half a pound of Venice 
 turpentine, and two pounds of lard well 
 rubbed together. It is used in Porrigo. 
 
 Baobab, b&'o-b&b'. The African name 
 of the Adanso'nia digita'ta , a tree grow- 
 ing native inWest Africa and cultivated 
 in Egypt and Abyssinia. The trunk is 
 said to attain, in some instances, the 
 enormous thickness of ten yards. The 
 leaves, in the form of powder, are some- 
 times used in African cookery. The 
 fruit has a subacid juice, which renders 
 it valuable in fevers. The bark of the 
 Baobab abounds in mucilage. It is said 
 to have sometimes been given in fevers 
 as a substitute for cinchona. 
 
 Baphicus Coccus, or Baphicum 
 Coccum. See Kermks Berry. 
 
 Bap-tis-te'ri-um.* [From .Ganri^o), to 
 “dip," to “ bathe/’ Fr. Baignoire , ben'- 
 w&r\] A bathing-place. 
 
 Baptorrhfjea,* bap-to-re'a. [From 
 /3anr6;, “infected," and pern, to “flow."] 
 A term intended to designate Gonorrhoea , 
 Blennorrhoea , Blennorrhagia , etc. 
 
 Bar-ba'floes Beg;. A disease of hot 
 climates; the Elephantiasis Arabum. 
 
 Barba 'floes Nuts. [Nu'ces Bar- 
 baden'ses.] The fruit of the Jatropha 
 c ureas. The seeds are called physic 
 nuts. See Jatropha. 
 
 Barba'floes Tar. The Bitumen Bar - 
 badense, Bitumen petroleum , or Petroleum 
 Barbadense. 
 
 Bar'ba-ry Guin, or Mo-roc'co 
 Gum. A variety of gum Arabic said 
 to be produced by the Acacia gummifera. 
 
 Bar bate. [Barba'tus; from bar'ba, 
 a “beard."] Bearded. 
 
 Bar bel-late. [Barbella'tus; from 
 barbel' la , a “little beard."] Having 
 barbels. 
 
 Bar'biers. A disease of India and 
 the Malabar coast; a peculiar species of 
 palsy. 
 
 Bar-big/er-ous. [Barbig/erus ; 
 
 from bar'ba. a “beard," and ye' ro, to 
 “bear."] Having a beard; hairy. 
 
 Baregfe, b&'r&zh', written also Bar- 
 rage. A village situated on the French 
 side of the Pyrenees, celebrated for its 
 thermal waters. A peculiar substance 
 has been obtained from these and other 
 waters and termed baregin , bar'a-zhin. 
 
 Ba-ril'Ia. [From the Spanish barilla , 
 bar-rel'y&, a plant called “salt-wort."] 
 Impure carbonate of soda imported from 
 Spain and the Levant. British barilla, 
 obtained by burning sea-weeds, is called 
 kelp. 
 
 Ba'ri-«m/ [From Gapvg, “heavy."] 
 The metallic basis of the earth baryta , 
 so named from the great density of its 
 compounds. 
 
 75 
 
BAR 
 
 BAS 
 
 Bark. [Cor'tex.] In the plural, a 
 popular term for Peruvian bark, or that 
 of any species of cinchona. See Cinchona. 
 
 Bark, Car-I-be'an, or Saint Luci a 
 Bark, sometimes improperly called Cin- 
 cho'na Caribse'a.* The bark of the 
 Exostem'ma Caribse'um, and perhaps of 
 some other trees. It is a useful substi- 
 tute for cinchona, and, though contain- 
 ing neither quinia nor cinchonia, is one 
 of the most valuable of the spurious barks. 
 
 Bark, Es-sen'tial Salt of. This is 
 merely an extract, prepared by mace- 
 rating the bruised substance of bark in 
 cold water, and submitting the infusion 
 to a very slow evaporation. 
 
 Bar 'ley. [Hor'deum.] The seeds 
 of Hordeum distich on or vulgare. 
 
 Bar' ley, Caus'tic. The seeds of 
 Ve rat rum sabadil/a. 
 
 Barm. See Fermentum Cerevisi^e. 
 
 Bar-o-mac- roan 'e- ter. [Baromac- 
 rom'etrum; from (idpog, “weight,” yax- 
 poj. “length/' and yirpor, a “measure."] 
 An instrument for ascertaining the 
 weight and length of new-born infants. 
 
 Ba-roan'e-ter. [Lat. Barom'etrum ; 
 Fr. Barometre , b&'ro'metr' ; from (3dpog, 
 “weight," and yerpor, a “measure."] An 
 instrument for ascertaining the weight 
 or pressure of the atmosphere ; a weather- 
 glass. 
 
 Bar ' o-seope. [ Barosco ' pa um ; 
 
 from (3dpo ;, “weight," and okoteoj, to 
 “observe."] A barometer sensible to 
 the slightest atmospheric variations. 
 
 Ba-ros'ma.* [From /3apvg, “ heavy," 
 and “odor."] A genus of plants 
 
 of the order Butacepe. The leaves of 
 several species constitute buchu. For- 
 merly called Dio8ma. 
 
 Bar'ras (French pron., b&'R&'). An 
 oleo-resinous substance. See Galipot. 
 
 Barrenness. See Sterility. 
 
 Barring’toniacese,* bar'ring-to-ne- 
 a'she-e. A natural order of trees or 
 shrubs, found in the tropics. 
 
 Bartholinianee, Blandulie/ glan'- 
 du-le bar'to-le-ne-a'ne. The sublingual 
 glands, named after Bartholin. 
 
 Bar'wood. A red dye-wood brought 
 from Africa, and used with sulphate of 
 iron for producing the dark red upon 
 British bandana handkerchiefs. 
 
 Baryeeoaa,* bar'e-e-ko'ya. [From 
 “heavy," and dxor/, “hearing."] 
 Dulness of hearing; deafness. 
 
 Ba-rypk'o-ny. [Baryptio'nia ; 
 from flaprvg, “heavy," and (pujvfi, the 
 “voice."] Difficulty of speech. 
 
 Ba-ry'ta,* or Ba-ry'te6.* [From 
 76 
 
 Qapvg, “heavy ;" on account of its weight.] 
 An alkaline earth, the heaviest of all the 
 earths. It is a virulent poison. The 
 native sulphate of baryta is termed 
 heavy spar. 
 
 Basalt, ba-sault'. [From the Latin 
 basal'tes, described by Pliny as a kind 
 of marble very hard and of an iron 
 color.] A common species of trap rock, 
 essentially composed of feldspar and 
 augite. It is of a compact texture and 
 of a dark-green, gray, or black color. 
 It is often found in regular columns, of 
 which the Giants' Causeway and the 
 island of Staffa furnish magnificent ex- 
 amples. 
 
 Ba-sal'tl-form. [Basaltifor mis ; 
 
 from basalt’.] Formed like basalt. 
 
 Ba-sal'toi<l. [Easaltoi'des: from 
 basalt and eido$ y a “form."] Resem- 
 bling basalt. 
 
 Bas'a-nite. [From ftdoaiog, a Ly- 
 dian stone.] A sort of touchstone by 
 which the purity of gold was tried, and 
 of which medical mortars were made. 
 It consists of silica, lime, magnesia, car- 
 bon, and iron. 
 
 Bas-cu-la'tion. [From the French 
 
 basevler, to “see-saw."] A term used in 
 examinations of the uterus in retrover- 
 sion : the fundus is pressed upwards, the 
 cervix downwards. It is half the see- 
 saw movement. 
 
 Base. [Ba'sis; Gr. (3daig, a “founda- 
 tion."] The earth, alkali, or metallic 
 oxide which, combined with an acid, 
 forms a salt. In Pharmacy it denotes 
 the principal ingredient of any com- 
 pound preparation. 
 
 Basellacese,* bas-el-la'she-e. A 
 natural ord< r of herbaceous plants, found 
 in tropical regions. 
 
 Ba-si-a'tor, o'r?s.* [From ba'sio, 
 basin' turn, to “kiss."] A muscle whose 
 office it is to contract the mouth. See 
 Orbicularis Oris. 
 
 Bas-i-bran'clii-al. [ Basil* ran clii* 
 
 a'lis; from ba'sis and brauehiu'lis.] 
 Applied by Owen to certain parts of the 
 branchial arch in fishes. 
 
 Ba'sic. [Bas'ictis.] Belonging to, 
 or like, a base. 
 
 Bas-f-Biy'al. [Basihya'lis; from 
 
 ba'sis , “base," and hyoi'des, “hyoid."] 
 A term in Comparative Anatomy applied 
 to the two small subcubical bones on 
 each side, forming the body of the in- 
 verted hyoid arch. 
 
 Bas'i-lad. The same as Basilar 
 used adverbially. 
 
 Bas'i-fyr. Applied by Dr. Barclay 
 
BAS 
 
 BAT 
 
 as meaning "towards the base of the 
 skull.” 
 
 Ba-sil'ic. [Basil'icus; from (3a<n - 
 Xsv;, a “king.”] Kingly, royal; some- 
 times applied by the ancients to parts 
 supposed to hold an important place in 
 the animal economy. 
 
 Basilic Vein. A large vein situated 
 at the fold of the elbow, in front of the 
 humeral artery. It was important be- 
 cause often opened in cases of blood- 
 letting. 
 
 B:i-sil'i-con ©int'ment, sometimes 
 written Basil'lciim. [From the Greek 
 (3ci7i\i<6$, Lat. basil'icus, "royal;” so 
 named on account of its great virtues.] 
 The Gera’ turn resi'nse (U. S. and Lond. 
 Ph.), composed of five parts of resin, 
 eight of lard, and two of ye^ow wax. 
 It is much used as a stimulating appli- 
 cation to blistered surfaces, indolent 
 ulcers, burns, etc. 
 
 Ba/sin. [From the French bas'sin, a 
 " wet dock.”] A geological term de- 
 noting the sloping of strata in several 
 directions towards a centre. 
 
 Ba'si-o-. A prefix denoting connec- 
 tion with the basilar process of the 
 occipital bone. 
 
 Basio -€lion<lro- Cerato- ©loss its. 
 
 See Hyoglossus. 
 
 Ba'sio-Olos'sus.* [From bn' sis, and 
 yXoio-j a, the "tongue.”] A muscle run- 
 ning from the base of the os hyoides to 
 the tongue. 
 
 Basioccipital, bas'e-ok-sip'e-tal. 
 [Basioccipita'lis; from ha’ sis, "base,” 
 and occipita'le os, the "occipital bone.”] 
 Applied in Comparative Anatomy, by 
 Owen, to a bone homologous with the 
 basilar process of the occipital bone. 
 
 Ba'sis.* [Gr. Qaois, from /latVca, to 
 "go,” to "step,” hence, "that on which 
 one steps or stands,” a "foundation.”] 
 The substance with which an acid is com- 
 bined in a salt. See Base. A mordant , 
 or substance used in dyeing, which has 
 an affinity both for the cloth and the 
 coloring matter. Also, the principal 
 medicine in a prescription. 
 
 Ba'sis Cor'dis.* \_C<>r, cnr'dis, the 
 "heart.”] The "base of the heart.” 
 The broad part of the heart is thus 
 called, as distinguished from the apex 
 or point. 
 
 Bas-i-spiie'uoid. [Basisphenoi'- 
 des.] Applied in Anatomy and Com- 
 parative Anatomy, by Owen, to a bone 
 homologous with the base of the sphe- 
 noid bone. 
 
 Bas'tard. [No'tlius.] Applied to 
 
 a plant or a disease closely resembling 
 but not really what it appears to be. 
 
 Bas'tard Bit'ta-ny. The root of the 
 Dictamus fraxinella, nov 7 fallen into dis- 
 use. 
 
 Ba/syle. [From ftaous, a "base,” and 
 v\n, "stuff,” "substance.”] A term pro- 
 posed by Mr. Graham to denote the me- 
 tallic radical of a salt. Thus, sodium is 
 the basyle of sulphate of soda. 
 
 Bate 'man's Pcc'to-ral Drops. 
 These consist principally of the tincture 
 of castor, with portions of camphor and 
 opium, flavored with aniseed and colored 
 by cochineal. Used in coughs or lung- 
 affections. 
 
 Bates’s Al'tim Wat'er. The Li'qnor 
 Alu'minis compos'itus of the London 
 Pharmacopoeia; a powerful astringent 
 solution employed for stimulating and 
 cleansing foul ulcers. 
 
 Batli. [Bal neum, plural Bal'nea.] 
 A term applied to any yielding medium, 
 such as water, sand, etc., in which a 
 body is immersed. Baths are commonly 
 divided into general and partial: they 
 may consist of simple water, or be medi- 
 cated. As the physiological and thera- 
 peutic effects of baths are modified by 
 their temperature, they may be arranged 
 under the following heads : — 
 
 GENERAL BATHS. 
 
 Artificial Sea-Wa'ter Batii. (BaV- 
 nenm ma'ris facti'tium.*) A solution of 
 one part of common salt in thirty parts 
 of water. 
 
 Cold Bath. (Bal'neum frig’idum.*) 
 The temperature ranges from 33° to 60° 
 Fahr. Below 50° it is considered very cold. 
 
 Cool Bath. ( Bal'neum frig'idum.*) 
 Temperature from 60° to 75° Fahr. 
 
 Hot-Air Bath. ( Bal'neum sudato'- 
 rium.%) The "sweating bath.” Tempera- 
 ture from 100° to 130° Fahr. 
 
 Hot Bath. ( Bal'neum cal'idum .*) Tem- 
 perature from 98° to 112° Fahr. 
 
 Tem'perate Bath. ( Bal'neum tem- 
 pera' turn*) Temperature from 75° to 
 85° Fahr. 
 
 Tep'id Bath. ( Bal'neum tep' id-urn .*) 
 Temperature from 85° to 92° Fahr. 
 
 Va'por Bath. (Bal'neum vapo’ris ;* 
 bal'neum lacnn'icum.%) Temperature from 
 122° to 144-5° Fahr. When a vapor 
 bath is applied only to a particular part 
 of the body, it is called a fumigation, or 
 vapor douche. 
 
 Warm Bath. (Bal'neum cal'idum.*) 
 Temperature from 92° to 98° Fahr.; that 
 is, about that of the body. 
 
 77 
 
BAT 
 
 BEE 
 
 Sand B^rn. ( Bal'neum are'nse.%) 
 This con sists of an iron dish, containing 
 fine sand, placed on a fire. A glass 
 vessel may be immersed in this and 
 gradually heated without danger of 
 breaking. 
 
 Batraekia. See Batrachius. 
 
 Bat'rsa-cfoite. [Batracki'tes; from 
 fidrpaxos, a "frog,” and \i9og , a "stone.”] 
 A stone like a frog; the toad-stone. 
 
 Ba-tra'cM-us.^' [From parpaxog, a 
 "frog."’] Applied in the plural neuter 
 ( Batra'chia ) to an order of Reptilia : 
 batra'chian. 
 
 Bat'ra-ehoid. [Batracboi'des ; 
 
 from i Garpaxos, a "frog,” and eifos, a 
 "form.”] Resembling a frog. 
 
 Bat'ra-claus.* [Gr. Pdrpaxog, a 
 "frog.”] The same as Ranula, which 
 see. 
 
 Bat'te-ry, E-lec'tric-al. A series 
 of coated jars, or of pieces of copper and 
 zinc, for producing electrical or electro- 
 chemical action. 
 
 Bat'tery, Gal-van'ic. A combina- 
 tion of several pairs of zinc and copper 
 plates soldered together, and so arranged 
 that the same metal shall always be on 
 the same ‘side of the compound plate. 
 
 Bauhin (bo'aN 8 '), Val'vule of. A 
 valve in the caecum, whose office it is to 
 prevent the return of the excrementi- 
 tious matters from the caecum into the 
 small intestine. The extremities of its 
 two lips form rugae in the straight part 
 of the caecum, called by Morgagni frsena 
 of the valvule of Bauhin. 
 
 Baume, borne. The French for 
 Balsam, which see. 
 
 Baume de Vie, bom deh xh. (" Balm 
 of life.”) The compound decoction of 
 aloes. 
 
 Bay Ber'ries. [Bac'cse Eau'ri.] 
 
 The berries of the Laurusnobilis , or Sweet 
 Bay. A solid substance is extracted 
 from them, called laurin , or camphor of 
 the bay berry. 
 
 Bay Clier'ry, Bay Eau'rel. The 
 
 Prunue laurocera8ii8. 
 
 Bay Salt. Chloride of sodium, or com- 
 mon salt, as obtained by solar evapora- 
 tion on the shores of the Mediterranean. 
 
 Bdella. See Hirudo. 
 
 Bdelll-um.* A name applied to 
 two gum-resinous substances. One of 
 these is the Indian bdellium, or false 
 myrrh, procured from the Am’yris com- 
 miph'ora. The other is called African 
 bdellium, and is obtained from the Heu- 
 delo'tia Africa' na. 
 
 Bdellometcr, del-lom'e-t§r. [B«lel- 
 
 78 
 
 lom'etrum; from PdiWa, a "leech,” 
 and pzrpov, a " measure.”] An instru- 
 ment intended as a substitute for the 
 leech. 
 
 Bead'ed. [Sxramula'tus.] Applied 
 to roots knotted, like beads strung closely 
 together. 
 
 Bead'-Proof. A term denoting the 
 strength of spirituous liquors, as shown 
 by the continuance of the bubbles or 
 beads on the surface. 
 
 Beak. [Ros'trum.] The tubular 
 portion of a retort. In Ornithology, the 
 prolongation of the mouth, or substance 
 investing the mandibles, almost always 
 horny, and of various forms, according 
 to the kind of food used by each species; 
 the bill. 
 
 Bean of St. Ignatius. See Strych- 
 
 nos Ignatia. 
 
 Beard'ed. [Barba'tus.] Having 
 a beard, or some beard-like appendage. 
 
 Bear's Ber'ry, Bear's Bil'ber-ry, 
 Bear’s Whor'tle-ber-ry. The Arc- 
 tostajjhylos uva ursi, formerly called 
 Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 Be-bee-rin'. [Bebeeri'na.] A vege- 
 table alkali discovered in the Bebeeni , 
 or green-heart tree, of British Guiana. 
 
 Bebeeru, or Bibiru, be-be'roo. A 
 tree of British Guiana, the timber of 
 which is known to wood-merchants by 
 the name of Green-heart. It yields a 
 substance, called bebeerin, of antipe- 
 riodic properties. 
 
 Bec'ea-bun'ga.* [From the Ger- 
 man Bachbungen, "water-herb.”] Spe- 
 cific name of Veron'ica Beccabun'ga. 
 
 Becde Cuiller (Fr.),bek deh kw&'yi'. 
 An instrument for extracting balls. 
 
 Bee de Eievre. See Hare-Lip. 
 
 Bechic, bek'ik. [Bech'icus; from 
 Phi, Pvxos, "cough.”] Belonging to, or 
 relieving, a cough. 
 
 Beekica,* bek'e-ka. [See preceding 
 article.] A general term for medicines 
 tending to relieve cough of any kind. 
 
 Bedegar, or Bedeguar, bed 'e-gar. 
 A remarkable gall, termed sweet-brier 
 sponge, found on various species of Rosa, 
 and produced by the puncture of several 
 species of insects, more especially the 
 Cynips Rossp. 
 
 Beer. [Cerevl'sia; Fr. Cervoise , 
 seR'vw&z'.] The fermented infusion of 
 malted barley, flavored with hops. The 
 term "beer” is also applied to beverages 
 consisting of a saccharine liquor par- 
 tially advanced into the vinous fermen- 
 tation and flavored with peculiar sub- 
 stances, as spruce-beer, ginger-beer, etc. 
 
BEE 
 
 BER 
 
 Bees tings. The first milk taken 
 from the cow after calving. 
 
 Bees’ Wax. [Ce'ra.] Wax obtained 
 from the comb of the Apis mellijica. See 
 Cera. 
 
 Begoniacese,* be-go-ne-a'she-e. A 
 natural order of plants, mostly herba- 
 ceous, found in the tropics, including 
 the Begonia. They are prized for their 
 showy flowers. 
 
 Be-lem'nite. [Belemmi'tes; from 
 fitXefivov, a “dart.”] The arrow-stone, or 
 fossil thunder-bolt; the petrified remains 
 of certain sea-animals belonging to the 
 same class with the Nautilus. They are 
 slender, straight, and conical or sharp at 
 one end. Often found in chalk. 
 
 Bel-la«<loii'na,* [It. a “handsome 
 lady;” the juice being used as a cos- 
 metic.] The Pharinacopoeial name (Br. 
 Ph.) for the leaves of At'ropa belladon* na. 
 It is a powerful narcotic. When applied 
 to the eye, it has the remarkable property 
 of greatly dilating the pupil. 
 
 Bel-la-don'nse Foli-iinv (“Leaf 
 of Belladonna”), and Bellaclon'na* lia'- 
 «lix* (“ Root of Belladonna”). See BEL- 
 LADONNA. 
 
 Bell-Met'al. An alloy of copper, 
 zinc, and tin. used for bells, mortars, etc. 
 
 Bellows’-Souml. See Bruit de 
 SO fTFFLET. 
 
 Belly. See Abdomex, Alvus, Venter. 
 
 Bel'o-noid. [Belonoi'des ; from 
 PzXovn, a “bodkin,” and eU o;, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a bodkin. Applied to pro- 
 cesses of bone: styloid. 
 
 Belvisiaceae,* bel-vis-e-a'she-e. 
 [From Belvis'ia , one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous plants, found 
 only in Africa. It includes the Napo- 
 leona imperialis. 
 
 Belvisiese. See Belvisiace^e. 
 
 Ben, Oil of. The expressed oil of 
 Ben-nut, or the Morynga pterygo-sperma, 
 remarkable for not becoming rancid for 
 many years. 
 
 Ben-e-dic'tus.* [From benedi'co, 
 benedic' turn, to “bless.”] Literally, 
 “blessed.” A term prefixed to compo- 
 sitions and herbs on account of their 
 supposed good qualities: thus, antimo- 
 nial wine was termed benedictum vinum , 
 etc. 
 
 Ben'jja-min. A corruption of Ben- 
 zoin. See Benzoinum. 
 
 Ben jamin Flow'ers. Benzoic acid. 
 
 Benne Leaves. See Sesamum. 
 
 Benzine. See Mineral Turpentine. 
 
 Ben'zo-ate. [Ben'zoas, atis .] A 
 combination of benzoic acid with a base. 
 
 Ben-zo'ic. [Benzo'icns.] Applied 
 to an acid obtained from gum benzoin. 
 
 Ben-zo-if'e-ra.* [From benzo'inum , 
 and fe'ro, to “bear.”] A name applied 
 to the tree commonly known as the 
 Styrax benzoin. 
 
 Benzoin. See Benzoinum. 
 
 Ben zo-in, Ben'zo*ine. [Benzoi'- 
 na.] A compound obtained from oil 
 of bitter almonds. 
 
 Ben-zo'i-num.^ [Arab. Benzo'ah .] 
 The Pharmacopoeial name of gum ben- 
 zoin ; obtained from the Styrax benzoin. 
 It is a stimulant and expectorant. The 
 inhalation of the vapor of benzoin has 
 been recommended in chronic laryngitis. 
 
 Berberacese. See Berberidace^e. 
 
 Berberidaceav* ber-ber-e-da'she-e, 
 or Ber-ber-id'e-ae.* A natural order 
 of plants, named after the Herberts (Bar- 
 berry, or Berberry), which is the most 
 important genus it contains. 
 
 Ber'ber-in. [Berberi'na.] An 
 alkaline substance obtained from the 
 Berberis vulgaris. 
 
 Ber ga-mot. An essence prepared 
 from the rind of the Citrus bergamia f 
 otherwise called Citrus mella rosa . 
 
 Berlin plil (Ger.), beRG'mal. Lite- 
 rally, “mountain meal;” an earth, found 
 in Sweden, resembling fine flour, and 
 celebrated for its nutritious qualities. It 
 is found to be composed entirely of the 
 shells of microscopic animalcules. 
 
 Beriberi, ba-re-ba're. A spasmodic 
 rigidity of the lower limbs, etc.; an 
 acute disease occurring in India, and 
 commonly considered the same as Bar- 
 biers , — but the latter is a chronic disease. 
 The word beriberi is, in all probability, 
 derived from the reduplication of the 
 Hindoo word beri , signifying irons or 
 fetters fastened to the legs of criminals, 
 elephants, etc. A person afflicted with 
 this disease is literally “fettered.” 
 
 Berlin Blue. See Prussian Blue. 
 
 Ber'ry. A pulpy, indehiscent peri- 
 carp, having the seeds scattered loosely 
 in the pulp : as the grape, gooseberry, etc. 
 
 Berlin (beR'taN 6 '), Spon'gy Bones 
 of. Two small, triangular, turbinated 
 bones, often found beneath the small 
 opening of the sphenoidal sinus. 
 
 Ber'yl. [Gr. Pfip iWo;.] A variety of 
 the emerald , a mineral or gem usually 
 of a green color of various shades, pass- 
 ing into honey-yellow and sky-blue. 
 When colored green by oxide of chro^ 
 mium, it forms the true emerald, and 
 when colorless and transparent, aqua- 
 marina. 
 
 79 
 
BET 
 
 BIF 
 
 Be'tei. A famous masticatory em- 
 ployed in the East, consisting chiefly 
 of the areca , betel , or piitang nut, the 
 produce of the Areca Catechu, or Catechu 
 Palm. A portion of the nut is rolled up 
 with a little lime in the leaf of the Piper 
 betel, and the whole chewed. 
 
 Betulacese,* bet-u-la'she-e, Bet-u- 
 lim'e-se.* [From bet'ula, a ^birch- 
 tree.”] A natural order of trees, consist- 
 ing of the various kinds of Birch and 
 Alder. These trees formed part of the 
 Jussieuan order Amentacese. 
 
 Bctulaceous, bet-u-la'shus, or 
 Bet-ti-lini'e-ous. [Betula'cetis, Bet- 
 ulin'cus; from bet'ula, the “birch- 
 tree.”] Having an arrangement as in 
 the Betula. See Betulace,®. 
 
 Be-zo'ar, or Be-zo'ard. [Pers. Pa- 
 zahar ; from pa, “against,” and zahar, 
 a “poison.”] A calculous concretion 
 sometimes found in the stomach, in- 
 testines, and bladder of certain land- 
 animals, such as the ox, horse, deer. 
 These concretions were formerly con- 
 sidered to possess wonderful medicinal 
 virtues, and to be completely efficacious 
 not only against poisons, but also against 
 pestilential and other diseases. 
 
 Bez'o-ar'dics. A class of medicines 
 supposed to possess virtues similar to 
 those of the bezoar. 
 
 Bhang 1 , b’hang, or hang. The Can '- 
 nab is In'dica, or Indian Hemp. A plant 
 common in India, containing powerful 
 narcotic properties. It is used in various 
 forms by the people of India for the 
 purpose of intoxication. The tops and 
 tender parts of the plant, when dried, 
 constitute the hashish (h^-sheesh') of the 
 Arabs. See Cannabis Indica. 
 
 Bi-. [From bis, “twice.”] A prefix 
 in certain compound names, signifying 
 two. or twice ; as biceps, “two-headed.” 
 
 Bib. = Bibe* “Drink” (imperative 
 mood of the verb hibo). 
 
 Bi-ba'sic. [Bibas'icus; from bi-, 
 “two,” and ba'sis, a “base.”] Having two 
 bases, as the tartrate of potash and soda. 
 
 Bib-i- to ' rl-us.* [From bi'bo, bib'i- 
 tum, to “drink.”] A former name of 
 the rectus intermits oculi, from its drawing 
 the eye inwards towards the nose, and 
 thus directing it into the cup in drinking. 
 
 Bib'u-lous. [Bib'ulus; from bi'bo, 
 to “drink.”] Attracting moisture; ab- 
 sorbing. 
 
 Bi-cap'su-lar. [Bicapsula'ris ; 
 
 from bi-, “two,” and cap'sula, a “cap- 
 sule.”] Having two capsules. 
 
 Bi-car' bo-Biatc. [Bicarbo'nas, 
 
 80 
 
 a 'tis ; from bi-, “two,” and carbo'nas, a 
 “carbonate.”] Two equivalents of car- 
 bonic acid combined with one of base. 
 
 Bi-cau'dal. [Bicauda'lis; from 
 bi-, “two,” and can' da, a “tail.”] Hav- 
 ing two tails. Applied to a muscle. 
 
 Bi-^e-pha'Ii-iiin.* [From bis, 
 “twice” or “twofold,” and kz^oXti, the 
 “head.”] A large sarcoma on the head, 
 as if another were grown upon it. 
 
 Bi-^epli'a-lons. [Biceph'alas; 
 from the same.] Having two heads. 
 
 Bi'ceps,* gen. Bi-cip i-tls. [From 
 bi-, “two,” and ca'put, the “head.”] 
 Having two heads. Applied to a muscle 
 of the arm, and to one of the thigh. 
 
 Bichat (b£'sh&'), Ca-nal' of. A 
 small round hole above the pineal gland, 
 opening into the third ventricle of ihe 
 brain : called also the arachnoid canal. 
 
 Bi-chlo'ride of Mer cu-ry. Cor- 
 rosive sublimate. 
 
 Bl-cipi-tal. [Bicipita'lis.] Be- 
 longing to the biceps muscle. 
 
 BI« con 'jn-gate. [Biconjng'a'ttis ; 
 from bi-, “two,” and con'jmjo, to “yoke 
 together.”] In pairs. 
 
 Bi-cor'nous. [Bicor'nis; from bi-, 
 “two,”and cor'nu, a“horn.”] Two-horned. 
 
 Bl-cus'pid, or Bi-cws'pi-date. [Bi- 
 cns'pis, Bieiispida'tus: from hi-, 
 “two,” and ms' pis, the “point of a 
 spear.”] Having two points. See Tooth. 
 
 Bi-den'tal. [Bi dens, en'/i«, Bi- 
 denta'lis; from bi-, “two,” and dens, a 
 “tooth.”] Having two teeth. 
 
 Bl-den'tate. [Bidenta'tus ; from 
 the same.] Having two teeth. 
 
 Bi-dig'I-tate. [Bidigita'tns : from 
 bi-, “two,” and diy'itus, a “finger.”] 
 Having two fingers. 
 
 Bl-dig-i'ti-Piii-na'tus.* [From the 
 same, and pinna' tus, “pinnate.”] Ap- 
 plied to a pinnate leaf with two leaflets 
 at the end of the common petiole. 
 
 Bi-cn'ni-al. [Bien'nis; from bi- 
 en’ nium (bi-, u two,” and an'nvs.n, “ year”), 
 the “space of two years.”] Of two 
 years’ duration. 
 
 Bl-fla'rl-ons. [Bifa'rius; from bi-, 
 “two,” and fa'ri, to “speak.”] Having a 
 double meaning; pointing two ways. 
 
 Bifer-ous. [Bi'fer, Biferus; from 
 
 bi- for bis, “twice,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
 Bearing twice in the year. 
 
 Bi'fid. [Bifidns; from hi-, “two,” 
 and Jin' do, to “cleave.”] Divided into 
 two : cleft. 
 
 Bi-flo'rous, or Bn-flo'rate. [Bi- 
 flo'rus; from bi-, “two,” and flos, a 
 “flower.”] Having two flowers. 
 
BIF 
 
 BIN" 
 
 Bl-fo'rate, or Bi-fo'rous. [Bifo- 
 ratus, Bii’ orus; from bi-, u two,” and 
 /o' res, a “door.”] Having two entries 
 or apertures. 
 
 Bi-fur'cate. [Bifurca'tus; from&r-, 
 “two,” and fur'ca, a “fork.”] Divided 
 into two, like a fork. 
 
 Bl-fiir-ca/tion. [Bifwrca'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] A dividing into two, 
 as a fork into its prongs. 
 
 Bl-gas'ter.* [From hi-, “two,” and 
 yaTrrip, the “belly.”] The same as Bi- 
 venter. 
 
 [Big-emiua'tus; 
 
 from bi-, and gem' ini, “ twins.”J Ap- 
 plied in Botany to leaves having two 
 seeondary petioles, each of which has a 
 pair of leaflets. 
 
 Bignoniaceae,* big-no-ne-a'she-e. A 
 natural order of plants, including the 
 Bigno'nia (trumpet-flower) and Catalpa. 
 Many of them are trees or twining 
 plants remarkable for the beauty of 
 their flowers. 
 
 Big’iioniaceous, big-no-ne-a'shus. 
 [Big’iionia'ceus; from Bigno'nia, the 
 “trumpet-flower.”] Having an arrange- 
 ment as in the Bignonia. Bee Bigno- 
 
 NIACEyE. 
 
 Bisfiioniae,* big-no'ne-e, the plural 
 of Bigno'nia, forming the Jussieuan 
 name of a natural order of plants. See 
 BlGNONTACE/E. 
 
 Bl-lio'rl-us.* [From hi-, “two,” and 
 ho' ra, an “ hour.”] Enduring two hours. 
 
 Bi'ju-gate. [Bijnga'tus, or Bij'u- 
 gns; from hi-, “two,” and ju'guni, a 
 “yoke.”] Double-yoked; in two pairs. 
 
 Bl'labe. [Bila'bium? probably from 
 bis, “twice,” or “two,” and la'bium, a 
 “lip.”] An instrument for extracting 
 foreign bodies of sufficiently moderate 
 size from the bladder through the ure- 
 thra. 
 
 Bl-la'bi-ate. [Bilabia' tux? fromfci-, 
 and la'bium, a “lip.”] Havin ' two lips. 
 
 Bi-Ia-cini-ate. [Bilacinia'tus ; 
 
 from bi-, and lacinia'tus, “fringed.”] 
 Double-fringed. 
 
 Bi-lam'el-late. [Bilamella'tns; 
 
 from bi-, and lamella' tus, “having little 
 plates.”] Having two layers of little 
 plates. 
 
 Bl-Iat'er-al. [Bilatera'lis ; from 
 bi-, and la'era'lis, “pertaining to the 
 side.”] Applied to leaves proceeding 
 from different points as well as different 
 sides, and so somewhat distinct from 
 opposite. 
 
 Bile. [Bi'lis, or Fel ; Gr. *0X17 ; Fr. 
 Bile, b 61 , and Fiel, fe-el'.] The gall, or 
 8 
 
 peculiar secretion of the liver. It is » 
 viscid fluid, of a greenish-yellow color; 
 and exceedingly bitter, whence the pro- 
 verb “bitter as gall.” The bile or 
 gall of the ox ( bi'lis bovi'na) has often 
 been used medicinally as a tonic and 
 anthelmintic, and as a laxative in cases 
 of deficient biliary secretion. It has also 
 been supposed to possess great healing 
 virtues when applied externally to bruises 
 and other sores. 
 
 Bil'ia-ry. [Bilia'ris.] Belonging 
 to the bile. 
 
 Bi'lin, or Bi'linc. [Bili'na; from 
 bi'lis.] • A gummy, pale-yellow mass, 
 considered to be the principal constitu- 
 ent of the bile. 
 
 Bilious, bil'y Hs. [Bilao'sus; from 
 bi'lis.] Having much bile, full of bile, 
 or relating to the bile. 
 
 Bil-i-plic'in. [Biliphsci'na; from 
 bi'lis, and <bai 6 g, “of a brown color.”] 
 The most important coloring matter of 
 the bile. 
 
 Bilis. See Bile. 
 
 Balis Atra. See Melancholia. 
 
 Bi'lis Bo-vi'na.* The Latin term 
 for ox's gall. See Bilis. 
 
 Bil-i-vcr'din. [Bilivcrdi'na; Fr. 
 Bile, and vert, “green-color.”] A green 
 substance obtained from the yellowish 
 coloring matter of bile. 
 
 Bl-lo'bate. [From hi-, “two,” and 
 \0j6g, a “lobe.”] Having two lobes. 
 
 BI-loc'11-lar. [Bilocula'ris ; from 
 bi-, “two,” and loc'ulus, a “little cell.”] 
 Having two cells. 
 
 Bim'a-nous. [Bi maims; from 
 bi-, “two,” and ma'nus, a “hand,”] 
 Having two hands. Applied in the \ .u- 
 ral neuter to an order of Mammalia, of 
 which man constitutes the only genus. 
 
 Bi-mes'tris.* [From bi-, “two,” 
 and men' sis, a “month.”] Of two 
 months: two months old. 
 
 Biu-. The same as Bi-, the n being 
 added for the sake of euphony before a 
 vowel : as, biaoxalate, etc. 
 
 Bi'ma-ry. [Bina'rius; from bi'nus, 
 “by couples.”] Consisting of two, as 
 two elements, two measures, etc. 
 
 Bl'mate. [Bina'tus; from hi-, “two,” 
 and na'tus, “born,” “produced.”] Grow- 
 ing in pairs or couples. 
 
 Bl-ner'vate, Bi-ner'vi-ous. [Bi- 
 ner'vatus, Biner'vius; from bi-, and 
 nerva'tus , “nerved.”] Having two nerves. 
 
 Ba-uoc'u-lar. [Binocula'ris ; from 
 bin-, “two,” and oc'ulus, the “eye.”] 
 Having the use of both eyes. 
 
 BI-iioe'u-lus.* [From bin-, and oc'” 
 81 
 
BIN 
 
 BIT 
 
 ulus, the "eye.”] Applied in Surgery 
 to a bandage for maintaining dressings 
 on both eyes. Also the name of an ani- 
 mal resembling the king-crab. 
 
 Ri-nox'a-late. [Binox'alas, a 'its ; 
 from bin-, " two/’ or " twice,” and ox' alas, 
 an " oxalate.”] A combination of an ex- 
 cess of oxalic acid with a base. 
 
 Ba-o-dyn-am'ics. [Biodymam'ica; 
 from (Bog, “life,” and Svvayig, “ power.”] 
 The doctrine or science of the vital 
 forces. 
 
 Bl-ol'o-gy. [Bik»3®'gia ; from fiiog, 
 "life,” and A oyog, a "discourse.”] The 
 doctrine or science of life. 
 
 Bi-ol'y-sis.* [From (Bog, " life,” and 
 \vcj, to " dissolve,” to "destroy.”] The 
 destruction of life. 
 
 Bi-o-lyt'ic. [Biolyt'icus? from the 
 same.] Destroying or impairing life. 
 Applied to agents of a deleterious 
 quality, as the more powerful acids, 
 narcotics, etc. 
 
 Bi-o-anag , -ne-tis'mus.* [From /3iog, 
 "life,” and magnetis' mux, "magnetism.”] 
 Another name for animal magnetism. 
 
 Bi-par'tite. [Biparti'tus ; from 
 hi-, "two,” and par'tio, to "divide.”] 
 Divided deeply into two. 
 
 BI-pel'tate. [Bipel'tatus; from 
 hi -, "two,” and pel'ta, a "target” or 
 "buckler.”] Having two shields. Ap- 
 plied to a family of the Crusta'cea Sto- 
 map' oda. 
 
 Bi'pes,* gen. Bip'ed-is. [From hi-, 
 "two,” and^res, a "foot.”] Having two 
 feet: bi'ped. 
 
 Bi-pin 'mate. [Bipinna'tus ; from 
 hi-, "two,” and pin'na , a "leaflet.”] 
 Having double leaflets. 
 
 Bi-pin-nat'i-fid. [Bipinnatif- 
 
 idus; from bi-, "two,” and pinnatif'i- 
 dus.\ Doubly pinnatifid. 
 
 Bird'lime. [Vis'cus.] A glutinous 
 substance prepared from the bark of the 
 holly. It contains resin, which has been 
 called viscina. 
 
 Bi-ros'trate. [ Biros tra'tus, Bi- 
 ros'tris; from hi-, and ros'trum, a 
 " beak.”] Having two beaks. 
 
 Bi-sex'u-al. [Bisex ua'lis; from 
 
 bi-, and sexua'lis.] Of both sexes. 
 
 Bis. ind. = Bis in di'es.% "Twice 
 daily.” 
 
 Bis'inuth. [Bismu'tlium. Ger. 
 Bis'mut.] A yellowish-white metal, found 
 generally native or in the metallic state. 
 
 Bis-mu'tlii Subni'tras. See next 
 article. 
 
 Bis-inu'tlftum Al bum/ The Phar- 
 nacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) of the tris- 
 82 
 
 nitrate of bismuth : flake-white, or pearl- 
 white, sometimes called the subnitrate 
 of bismuth ( Bismuth i subnitras). 
 
 Bis-torta,* or Bistort. [From bis, 
 "twice,” and tor'queo, to "twist:” so 
 named from the form of the root.] See 
 next article. 
 
 Bis-tor'tse Ra'dix.* The root of 
 
 the Polygonum bistorta, Great Bistort or 
 Snake-Weed. 
 
 Bistoury, bis'tur-e. [Fr. Bistouri ; 
 from Pistori, a town where it was manu- 
 factured.] A small knife, or scalpel, for 
 surgical purposes. There are the straight, 
 the curved , and the probe-pointed, which 
 is also curved. 
 
 Bis'tre. A brown color, made of 
 wood-soot boiled and evaporated. Beech- 
 soot is said to make the best. 
 
 Bi-sul'pliate. [Bisul'phas, a 'tis; 
 from hi-, "two,” and sul'phas.] A com- 
 bination of two equivalents of sulphuric 
 acid with one of the base. 
 
 Bi-sul'plilte. [Bisul'phis, i 'tis; 
 from bi-, "two,” and sul'phis.] A com- 
 bination of two equivalents of sulphur- 
 ous acid with one of the base. 
 
 Bi-tar'trate. [Bitar tras, a 'tis; 
 from bi-, and tar'tras.] A supersalt with 
 twice as much tartaric acid as the corre- 
 sponding neutral salt. 
 
 Bi-ter'nate. [Biterna'tus ; from 
 bis, "twice,” and terna'tns .] Twice ter- 
 nate, or doubly threefold. 
 
 Bit'ter Almonds, Wafer of, or 
 Bit' ter Alm ond W'at'er. [A 'qua 
 Amyg/dalse Ama'rse, or A 'qua 
 Amygdala'rum Ama'rum.] In this 
 preparation there are sixteen minims of 
 the oil of bitter almonds to two pints of 
 water, or half a minim to a fluidounce. 
 It is employed as a vehicle for other 
 medicines in nervous coughs and spas- 
 modic affections. 
 
 Bit'ter Ap'ple, Bit'ter €11 'cum- 
 ber, Bit'ter Gourd. The plant and 
 
 fruit of Cue urn is colocynthis. 
 
 Bit'ter Brin'ci-ple. A peculiar 
 principle, on the presence of which the 
 bitter qualify of certain vegetables de- 
 pends; as in the wood of quassia, gen- 
 tian root, the hop, etc. 
 
 Bit'ter-Sweet. The Solanum Dul- 
 camara. which see. 
 
 Bit'ter-ing*. Corruptly called Bit- 
 tern. A preparation for adulterating 
 beer, composed of Coeculus Indicus, liq- 
 uorice, tobacco, quassia, and sulphate of 
 iron or copperas. A similar preparation 
 is sold under the name of "bitter frails.” 
 
 Bit'tern. The water remaining after 
 
BIT 
 
 BLA 
 
 the crystallization of common salt from 
 sea-water or salt springs. 
 
 Bitters. [Ama'ra.] A term ap- 
 plied to several medicinal substances, 
 expressing their quality as particularly 
 perceptible to the taste, and which are 
 further distinguished into aromatic, pure, 
 and styptic bitters. 
 
 Bidu'men, Tthinis* [As if pittu’men ; 
 from irtrra, “pitch.”] A name for cer- 
 tain inflammable mineral substances, of 
 different consistencies ranging from fluid 
 to solid. 
 
 Bitu'men Bar-ba-den'se.* The 
 
 Pet role a n of the Pharmacopoeias (Lond. 
 ami Ed.), or “Barbadoes Tar ” 
 
 Bi-tu'min-i-za'tion. [Bitumini- 
 
 za'tio, o'uts.] The transformation of 
 organic matter into bitumen, as wood 
 into coal, and the remains of vegetable 
 substances into peat. 
 
 Bi-iu'miii-ous. [Bitusnino'sus; 
 
 from bitu'men.] Of the nature of bitu- 
 men. 
 
 Bi valve. [Bival'vis; from bi~, and 
 val'ca , a “valve.”] Having two valves. 
 
 Bi-ven'ter.* [From bi-, and ven'ter , 
 the “belly.”] Double-belly. A faulty 
 term used for Dijaitricus ; also called 
 Bi; fas ter. 
 
 Bixaceae,* bix-a'she-e. A natural 
 order of tropical trees and shrubs, in- 
 cluding the Bixa, which produces arnotto 
 or annotto , used to color cheese. 
 
 Black Death. [Lat. Mors Bii'gra, 
 or Pes'tis Xi'gra; Fr. Peste Noir, pest 
 nw&R.] The name given in Germany 
 and the North of Europe to an Oriental 
 plague which occurred in the fourteenth 
 century, characterized by inflammatory 
 boils and black spots on the skin, indi- 
 cating putrid decomposition. In Italy 
 it was called la mortalega grande, “the 
 great mortality.” In many of its cha- 
 racters this pestilence resembled the 
 present bubo plague, complicated with 
 pneumonia and hemorrhages. 
 
 Black Draught. A popular purga- 
 tive. consisting of the infusion of senna 
 with sulphate of magnesia. 
 
 Black Drop. [Gut'tse Xi'grse. 
 Literally, “black drops.”] A solution 
 of opium in verjuice, corresponding 
 nearly in its medicinal properties to the 
 Acetum Opii of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 
 One drop of this solution is equal to 
 about three of laudanum. It is less apt 
 to disturb or excite the nervous system 
 than the latter preparation. See U. S. 
 Pharmacopoeia, page 67. 
 
 Black Flux. A mixture of charcoal 
 
 and carbonate of potash, obtained by 
 deflagrating tartar with half its weight 
 of nitre. 
 
 Black Lead. See Plumbago. 
 
 Black Vom'it. [Vom'itusNi'ger.] 
 
 The throwing up, in certain fevers, of a 
 dark-colored fluid resembling coffee- 
 grounds. This fluid consists chiefly of 
 blood changed by the morbid secretions 
 of the stomach. It is one of the most 
 fatal symptoms attending yellow fever, 
 which in Spanish is often called simply 
 El vom'ito (“the vomit”), or El vom'ito 
 ne'gro (“the black vomit”). 
 
 Black Wash. [Uo'tio Nl'g-ra, or 
 Uo'tio Hydrar'g-yri Xi'gra.] A lo- 
 tion made with calomel in lime-water, 
 much used for syphilitic sores. 
 
 Bladder. [Vesi'ca.] Generally, 
 the receptacle of the urine in man and 
 other animals. Applied in Botany and 
 Natural History to various objects and 
 productions of similar appearance, as 
 those of sea -wrack, the air-bag of 
 fishes, etc. 
 
 Blad'der-Fu'cus,Blad'der-AVrack. 
 
 The Fucu 8 vesiculosus. 
 
 Blad der, Gall. Seo Gall-Bladder. 
 
 Bladder, Urinary. See Urinary 
 Bladder. 
 
 Bladdery Fever. [Fe'bris Bul- 
 lo'sa.] See Pemphigus. 
 
 Blses'i-tas, a 'tis* [From (3\aio6<;, 
 “one who has crooked legs,*” also “one 
 who stammers.”] The defect of speech 
 termed stuttering or stammering. Some 
 writers understand by it the substitution 
 of soft consonants for hard, — as d for t , 
 b for p, etc. See Psellismus. 
 
 Blain. A pustule, blotch, or sore. 
 See Chilblain. 
 
 Blanc de Troyes, bloN« deh trw&. 
 Spanish White, prepared chalk, or the 
 Cre'ta prsepara'ta of the Pharmacopoeias, 
 
 Blas-te'ma, a tis* [From (IXcurrdm >. 
 to “ germinate.”] A term applied to the 
 rudimental mass of an organ in the pro- 
 cess of formation. 
 
 Blas'to-derm. [Blastoder'ma, 
 
 a tis ; from (iXavravcd, to “germinate,” 
 and Sspfta, the “skin.”] A minute, thin 
 membrane on that surface of the yelk 
 which, whatever be the position of the 
 egg, is, by a peculiar arrangement, always 
 uppermost; the germinal membrane, or 
 Cicatricula. 
 
 Blas-to-der'mic. [Bllastoder'- 
 micus.] Belonging to the blastoderm. 
 
 Blastoder mic Ves'I-cle. [Vesic - 
 ula Blastoder'mica.] A distinct en- 
 velope immediately surrounding the 
 83 
 
BLA 
 
 BLE 
 
 yelk, and covered by the vitelline mem- 
 brane ; afterwards called the umbilical 
 vesicle. 
 
 Blas-to-gen 'e-sis.* [From pXaarog, 
 a “sprout,” and yeveoig, “generation.”] 
 The multiplication of plants by means 
 of buds. 
 
 Bleach. [From the German blei'chen, 
 to “whiten.”] To whiten by the re- 
 moval of, or by changing the nature of, 
 the coloring matter in any substance. 
 See next article. 
 
 Bleach'ing. [Bealba'tio ; from de, 
 intensive, and al’bus, “white.”] The 
 chemical process of whitening linen or 
 woollen stuffs. Linen is usually bleached 
 by means of chlorine or a solution of 
 chloride of lime. Woollen stuffs are 
 bleached by exposure to the vapor of 
 sulphurous acid. 
 
 Bleach'ing Pow'der. Chloride of 
 lime, formerly called oxy muriate of lime; 
 prepared by exposing hydrate of lime 
 gradually to chlorine gas. 
 
 Bleach'ing Liq'uid. [Fr. Eau de 
 Javelle, o deh zh&'vell'.] This is the 
 preceding compound obtained in solution 
 by transmitting a stream of chlorine gas 
 through hydrate of lime suspended in 
 water. 
 
 Blear'-Eye. A chronic catarrhal in- 
 flammation of the eyelids. 
 
 Bleb. See Bulla. 
 
 Bleeding. See Blood-Letting, 
 Haemorrhage. 
 
 Blende, blend. [Perhaps from the 
 Saxon bleu' dan, to “mix together.”] 
 The native sulphuret of zinc in black 
 crystals, and called by miners blackjack . 
 The term is sometimes applied to other 
 ores, as manganese blende , etc. 
 
 Blen'nad-e-ni'tis, Id is.* [From 
 PXewa, “ mucus,” and adeni’ tisS\ Inflam- 
 mation of mucous glands. 
 
 Bleniie-lyt'ri-a.* [From PXerva , 
 
 “ mucus,” and eXvrpoi/, a “ sheath.”] Same 
 as Leucorrhcea. 
 
 Blennen-te'ri-a.* [From QXewa, 
 
 “mucus,” and eerepov, an “intestine.”] 
 Mucous flow from the intestines. 
 
 BlenHo-gen'ic. [Blennogen'i- 
 cus; from /3X swa, “mucus,” and ycvvano , 
 to “generate.”] Generating mucus; 
 muciparous. 
 
 Blen-nog'e-nus.** The same as 
 
 Blennogenic, which see. 
 
 Bleiino-me-tri'tis, Id is.* [From 
 “mucus,”' and metri'tis.] Mucous 
 flow accompanying Metritis. 
 
 BleBinopli-tliAl'ini-a.* [From 
 
 QXerva , “mucus,” and ophthaV miaS\ Zn- 
 84 
 
 flammation of the mucous membrane of 
 the eye. 
 
 Blen-aior-rha'gi-a.* [From /3Xevva, 
 “mucus,” and pnyvvpu, to “break” or 
 “burst.”] Literally, a “bursting forlh 
 of mucus :” hence, an excessive discharge 
 of mucus, or muco-purulent matter, 
 more especially from the genital organs. 
 
 Blennorrhrea,* blen-no-re'a. [From 
 (iXhva, “mucus,” and pew, to “flow.”] A 
 flowing, or excessive secretion, from mu- 
 cous glands in any situation; sometimes 
 applied to the increased secretion in the 
 urethra and vagina of an infectious 
 purulent or muco-purulent discharge, 
 and called Gonorrhoea. See Baptor- 
 
 RH(EA. 
 
 Blennorrhoe'aCliron'i-ca.* Gleet; 
 also named Catarrhus vrethralis. 
 
 Bleimorrlioe'a Sim'plex.* In- 
 creased secretion of mucus from the 
 urethra. 
 
 Blen-ny'men, en is* [From /3\ kwa, 
 “mucus,” and vpnv, a “membrane.”] A 
 mucous membrane. 
 
 Bleii-iiy'me-ni'tis, i dis* [From 
 fiXevea, “mucus.”] Inflammation of a 
 mucous membrane. 
 
 Bleph'ar-ade-ni'tis, i dis* [From 
 /3\e(ptipos, the “ eyelid,” and d&nv, a 
 “gland.”] Inflammation of the Meibo- 
 mian glands. 
 
 Blephar-i'tis, i dis* [From fiXepa- 
 pov, the “eyelid.”] Inflammation of the 
 eyelids. 
 
 Blephar-on'cus.* [From .GXecpapov, 
 the “eyelid,” and oynog, a “tumor.”] A 
 tumor on the eyelid. 
 
 Blepbar-opb-thal'mi-a.* [F rom 
 
 PXUapov, the “eyelid,” and dpOaXpia, “in- 
 flammation of the eve.”] Inflammation 
 of the eye and eyelids coexisting. 
 
 Bleph'ar-opli-t fiia!' mic. [Bleph'- 
 
 arophtbal'micus.] Belonging to 
 Blepharophthalmia. 
 
 Bleph ar-o-plas'tic. [Blepharo- 
 
 plas'ticus.] Belonging to blepharo- 
 plasty. 
 
 Bleph 'ar-o-plas-ly. [Blepliaro- 
 
 plas'tia; from (IXepapov, the “eyelid,” 
 and nXiiaow, to “form.”] An operation 
 for repairing any lesion of the eyelids, 
 by taking a flap from the sound parts 
 contiguous. 
 
 Blepliar-o-ple'gi-a.* [From fiXipa- 
 po > , the “eyelid,” and nXriyfi, a “stroke.”] 
 The falling down of the upper eyelid 
 from paralysis. 
 
 Bleph'a-rop-to'sis.* [From GXbpc- 
 pov, the “eyelid,” and nrwatg, a “falling.’ ] 
 The same as Blepharoplegia. 
 
BLE 
 
 BOD 
 
 Blessed. See Benedictus. 
 
 Blight, blit. The popular name of a 
 slight palsy, caused by sudden cold or 
 damp. “Blight in the eye” is another 
 term for catarrhal ophthalmia. 
 
 Blindness, Bay. See Nyctalopia. 
 
 Blindness, Xight; Blindness, 
 Nocturnal. See Hemeralopia. 
 
 Blis ter. [Lat. Vesic'ula; Fr. Vessie , 
 ves's6'.] A collection of serous fluid 
 beneath the cuticle. In common lan- 
 guage, the plaster itself [Lat. Vesica- 
 to'rium; Fr. Vesicatoire , v&'s^'k&'tw&R'J 
 which produces the blister. See Bulla. 
 
 Blister-Bee' tie, Blister-Fly. See 
 Cantiiaris. 
 
 Blis'tered. See Bullatits. 
 
 Blis'ters, Fly'ing. [Fr. Vesicatoires 
 volants , v&'z&'kd'tw&R' vo'16n q '.] A mode 
 of treatment employed by the conti- 
 nental practitioners for the purpose of 
 insuring a more diffusive counter-irrita- 
 tion. According to this plan, the blister 
 remains only till it produces a rubefa- 
 cient effect; a second blister is then ap- 
 plied to some other part, and so on in 
 succession. 
 
 Blood. [Lat. San'g’uis, ini* ; Gr. am<i • 
 Fr. Sang, son°.] The red fluid which 
 circulates through the cavities of the 
 heart, the arteries and veins. Every 
 organ of the body, and every tissue, is 
 nourished by the blood, which is also 
 the source of every secretion. It is red 
 and usually warm in vertebrated ani- 
 mals, but cold and white for the most 
 part in the Tnoertebrata. 
 
 Blood contains albumen in three states 
 of modification : — viz., albumen prop- 
 erly so called, fibrin, and red particles. 
 On coagulation it separates into — 
 
 Se'rum.* A yellowish liquid, contain- 
 ing albumen and various saline matters 
 suspended in water ; and 
 
 Crassamen'tum,* called also Cru'or.* 
 A red solid, consisting of fibrin and red 
 particles. 
 
 Blood' -Let- tins’. [Mis'sio San'- 
 guinis, or Detrac'tio San guinis.] 
 
 A term embracing every artificial dis- 
 charge of blood for the cure or preven- 
 tion of disease. It is general, as in vene- 
 section and arteriotomy, or topical, as 
 in the application of leeches, cupping- 
 glasses. or by scarification. 
 
 Blood'-Shot. A distension or preter- 
 natural fulness of the blood-vessels of 
 the eye, from inflammation or other 
 cause. See Hyperemia. 
 
 Blood'stone. [Haemati'tes.] A 
 species of chalcedony supposed to be 
 8 * 
 
 useful in stopping a bleeding from tho 
 nose. 
 
 Blood-Stroke. See Coup de Sang* 
 
 Bloody Flux. See Dysentery 
 
 Blossom. See Corolla. 
 
 Klow'-Pipe. A simple, tapering, 
 tube-like instrument of silver or brass, 
 used for the purpose of inflation: also 
 for directing a stream of air into the 
 flame of a lamp, which thus assumes a 
 conical form, at the point of which the 
 heat is equal to that of a powerful fur- 
 nace. 
 
 The oxy-hydrogen blow-pipe is an ap- 
 paratus for producing intense heat, by 
 supplying a stream of hydrogen with 
 pure oxygen, so that the two gases issue 
 together in the form of a jet from the 
 nozzle of the blow-pipe. The heat pro- 
 duced by this apparatus (which is also 
 called the compound blow-pipe) is so in- 
 tense as to quickly fuse substances com- 
 pletely infusible by any other means 
 except a powerful galvanic battery or a 
 very large burning lens. 
 
 Blue Black. Another name for 
 ivory-black, or the ebttr ustum; from its 
 bluish hue. 
 
 Blue Disease. [Mor bus Cseru'- 
 leus.] See Cyanosis. 
 
 Blue John. A name given by miners 
 to fluor spar; also called Derbyshire 
 spar. 
 
 Blue Mass. [Mas'sa de llydrar'- 
 gyro.] A substance formed by rub- 
 bing metallic mercury with conserve 
 of roses until all the globules disappear. 
 Of this mass blue pills are made. This 
 is regarded as one of the mildest prepa- 
 rations of mercury. See Pilule I1y- 
 
 DRARGYRI. 
 
 Blue Oint'inent. The Unguentum 
 hydrargyri . 
 
 Blue Pills. The Pilulse hydrargyri . 
 See Blue Mass. 
 
 Blue Pot. Another term for a black- 
 lead crucible, made of a mixture of 
 coarse plumbago and clay. 
 
 Blue, Prussian. See Prussian 
 Blue. 
 
 Blue Stone, Blue Vit'ri-ol. [Cae- 
 ru'leus Ea'pis.] The sulphate of cop- 
 per ( Sulphas cupri). 
 
 Blunt Hook. [Embry ul'eus.] An 
 
 instrument used in Obstetrical Surgery. 
 
 B. M. — BaVneum mari'se.% A “ water- 
 bath.” 
 
 Boat '-Shaped. See Navicular and 
 Scaphoid. 
 
 Bod'y. [Lat. Cor'pus, Cor'poris; 
 
 Gr. ou^a; Fr. Corps, koR.] Any mass 
 85 
 
BOG 
 
 BOR 
 
 or portion of matter. In a more re- 
 stricted sense, the material part of man 
 or of any animal, considered separately 
 from the soul or life. The term is 
 I'ften employed synonymously with 
 “trunk.” 
 
 Bog- Bean'. The common name for 
 Menya n ' thes trifol i a ' ta. 
 
 Bo-hea'. The The' a ni'gra, or black 
 tea. 
 
 Bo'iiun XT 'pas. A bitter gum-resin 
 which exudes from incisions in the bark 
 of a large tree, in Java and the neigh- 
 boring islands, called Antiar , or Antikar, 
 by the Japanese; the Antiar is toxicaria , 
 or Lpo toxicaria , of botanists. It is a 
 deadly poison. 
 
 Boil. See Furunculus. 
 
 Boil ing* Point of Wa'ter, near the 
 level of the sea, is 212° of Fahrenheit; 
 in vacuo , 67° ; under sufficient pressure, 
 water may be raised almost to a red 
 heat. According to the Centigrade ther- 
 mometer, the boiling point is 100°; ac- 
 cording to Reaumur's, 80°. 
 
 Bois, bwi, the French word for 
 “wood:” hence Bois Anier, bw4z 
 main' (“bitter wood”), another name 
 for Quassia, which see. 
 
 Bois de Campeche, bwi deh koM'- 
 pesh'. (“Campeachy Wood.”) A name 
 for Logwood. See Hjematoxylum. 
 
 Bol. = Bolus* See Bolus. 
 
 Bole. See Bolus. 
 
 Bo-le'tate. [Bole'tas, a'6i«.] A 
 combination of boletic acid with a base. 
 
 Bo-let'ic A^'id. An acid discovered 
 in the Boletus ps eudo-ig n i a ri us. 
 
 Bo-le'tus.* [From {luiXos, a “mass.”] 
 A kind of fungus referred to the genus 
 Lycoperdon. 
 
 Bole'tus Ig-ni-a'rl-us.* [From 
 
 ig’nis, “fire:” because often used as 
 tinder.] The agaric of the oak, or 
 touchwood. See Agaricus Quercus. 
 
 Bole'tus Pur'gans.* Larch agaric; 
 formerly employed as a drastic purga- 
 tive. 
 
 Bo'lus.* [Gr. (BoXog, a “lump” or 
 “mass.”] Any roundly-formed medi- 
 cine, larger than an ordinary -si zed pill, 
 yet small enough to be swallowed. A 
 kind of argillaceous earth : bole. 
 
 Bolus Armenia'. See Armenian 
 Bole. 
 
 Bombacese,* bom-ba'she-e. [From 
 Bom'bax, the “cotton-tree.”] A natural 
 order of trees, including the gigantic 
 Baobab and cotton-tree of India. They 
 grow in tropical countries. The cotton 
 of the Bombax is too short for textile 
 86 
 
 tissues. This order is called Sterculiacese 
 by Lindley. 
 
 Bom'bax, H,'cis.* A Linnasan genus 
 of the class Monadelphia , natural order 
 Bombacese. The cotton-tree. 
 
 Bom'bi-ate. [Bom' bias, a'#?*.] A 
 combination of bombic acid with abase. 
 
 Bom'bic. [Bom'bicus; from /?og- 
 a “ silk- worm.”] Pertaining to the 
 Bom by x. 
 
 Bom'bic A^'id. An acid obtained 
 from the silk-worm chrysalis. 
 
 Born'lius.* [Gr. fio^as, the “buzz- 
 ing of bees.”] A ringing noise in the 
 ears; also, the sound of flatus moving 
 through the intestines. See Tinnitus 
 Aurium, and Borborygmus. 
 
 Bone. [Lat. Os,Os'sis; Gr. dariov, Fr. 
 Os , o.] A substance consisting chiefly 
 of phosphate of lime and gelatine, form- 
 ing the solid frame-work or skeleton in 
 vertebrated animals. See Osteology, 
 and Skeleton. 
 
 Bone'-Bind-er. The Osteocolla. 
 
 Bone Earth. Phosphate of lime; 
 the earthy basis of the bones of ani- 
 mals. 
 
 Bone Spir'it. A brown, ammoniacal 
 liquor, obtained in the process of manu- 
 facturing animal charcoal from bones. 
 
 Bon -pla n dl-a Tr i- f o-l l-a ' ta 
 
 [Named from M. Bonpland , the dis- 
 coverer.] The former name of the tree 
 affording Angustura baric, now referred 
 to the Galipea cusparia . 
 
 Bo-ra^'lc A^'id. An acid obtained 
 from borax. 
 
 Boraginaccae,* bo-raj -e-na'she-e. A 
 natural order of plants, comprising the 
 Borage (Bora' go, Bora'ginis), and pos- 
 sessing mucilaginous and emollient pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Bo-ra-gin'c-se.* The Jussieuan 
 name of an order of plants. See Bo- 
 
 RAGINACEA3. 
 
 Bo'rate. [Bo'ras, a 'tis; from bo- 
 rag'icum a^'idum.] A combination of 
 boracic acid with a base. 
 
 Bo rax, a 'cis* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Br. Ph.) for the borate of soda 
 ( So'die Bo'ras), otherwise called biborate 
 of soda (So' dac Bibo'ras). Borax is a mild 
 refrigerant and diuretic; in the form of 
 powder mixed with sugar, it is often 
 used as a remedy for aphtha3 in chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Bor-bo-ryg'mus.* [From Bo^opv^o), 
 to “produce a rumbling in the bowels.”] 
 The gurgling noise produced by the 
 movements .of flatus in the intestines. 
 
 Bor nean. The name given to a 
 
BOR 
 
 BRA 
 
 compound of carbon and hydrogen found 
 in valeric acid, and which, on exposure 
 to moisture, acquires the properties of 
 Borneo camphor: it is supposed to be 
 identical with liquid camphor. The 
 camphor itself has been named borneot ; 
 and it is converted by the action of 
 nitric acid into laurel camphor. 
 
 Bor'ne-o Cam'plior, called also 
 Sum itra Camphor. A crystalline solid 
 found in crevices of the wood of the 
 DryobaV anops aromat'ica. 
 
 Bo ron. [Bo'rium.] The base of 
 boracic acid. 
 
 Bor'u-ret. [Borure'tum; from 
 bo'ron.] A combination of boron with 
 a simple body. 
 
 Bos-op'ric A$'id. A strong, color- 
 less acid, procured from fresh cow-dung, 
 of great efficacy in purifying mordanted 
 cotton. A better term would be bucopric 
 acid. 
 
 Bos-wel'li-a Ser-ra'ta.* The tree 
 believed to afford Olibanum. 
 
 Botal’sHole. [Fora'men Bota'le.] 
 
 See Foramen Ovale. 
 
 Bot-an-ol'o-gy. [Batanolo'gia; 
 
 from ftoravrj, an “herb,” and A oyog, a 
 “discourse.”] The science of plants; 
 the same as Botany. 
 
 Bat'a^ny. [Botan'ica; from Soravi), 
 an “herb.”] That branch of Natural 
 History which treats of plants, or of the 
 vegetable kingdom. 
 
 B»t!a-ri-o-cep3i'a-lus.* [From 
 pio», a “little pit,” and K£([>a\n, the 
 “head.”] Another name for the Taenia 
 Lata, which see. 
 
 B»t'ry-oid. [Botryoi'des ; from 
 porpvg, a “ cluster of grapes.”] Resembling 
 a cluster of grapes. 
 
 B»t-ry-t>id'a3. The same as Bot- 
 ryoid, which see. 
 
 Battle-Shaped. See Lagen.efor- 
 mis. 
 
 Batts. Small worms which breed in 
 the intestines of horses: they are the 
 larvae of the CEstrus , or gadfly, which 
 deposits its eggs on the hair of the horse, 
 an 1 by the licking of the animal they 
 are swallowed. 
 
 Bi>t-u-Iin'ic [from hot' ulus, a “sau- 
 sage”] A$'id. An acid found in putrid 
 sausages, supposed to be the same prin- 
 ciple as Allantotoxicum. 
 
 Bonnie (Fr.), boo'zhe'. [A “wax can- 
 dle,” from their having formerly been 
 sometimes made of wax.] A slender 
 instrument for introduction into the 
 urethra; also, stronger, for the rectum , 
 vagina, and oesophagus. 
 
 Bougie', Armed, or Bougie', Cans’* 
 tic. A bougie with a piece of lunar 
 caustic fixed in its extremity. 
 
 Bouillon (Fr.), boo'yi>N«'. A broth 
 or soup made by boiling the flesh of 
 animals in water. 
 
 Bo-vi'na Fames.* The disease 
 Bulimia, which see. 
 
 Brae'cate. [Bracca'tus ; from 
 
 brac'ca, “breeches.”] Having breeches. 
 
 Bra-ehe'ri-um.* [From bra'chium, 
 the “arm.”] See Subligamen. 
 
 Braeti-I-ae'us.* Same as Brachial. 
 
 Bra'elii-al. [Braeliia'lis ; from 
 
 bra'chium, the “arm.”] Belonging to 
 the arm. 
 
 BraeBi-I-al'gi-a.* [From bra'chium, 
 the “arm,” and a\yog, “pain.”] Pain of 
 the arm, or of any part of it. 
 
 Bra'ehl-ate. [Brachia'tus; from 
 
 bra'chium, the “ arm.”] Having branches 
 in pairs at right angles with those above 
 and below. 
 
 Bra'elsl-o-. [From the same.] A 
 
 prefix in compound names of vessels, 
 ligaments, etc., connected with the arm. 
 
 Braeliiopoda. See Braciiiopodous. 
 
 Bra-ctii-op'o-dous. [Bracliiop'- 
 odus; from Ppaxiow, an “arm,” and 
 TTuvg, a “foot.”] Applied in the plural 
 neuter ( Brachiop'oda ) to a class of Mol- 
 lusca with two fleshy arms instead of feet. 
 
 Bra'clii-um.* [Gr. /3paxiw, Fr. 
 Bras, br&.] The arm, from shoulder to 
 wrist; strictly, from the shoulder to the 
 elbow, forming the proper arm. 
 
 Bra-ehyp'ter-us.* [From (3pa\vg, 
 “short,” and irrepov, a “wing.”] Bra- 
 chyp'terous. Applied in the neuter plural 
 ( Brachyp’ tera ) to a family of birds with 
 small wings, 
 
 Braeli-y-u'rus.* [From (3pa\vg, and 
 ovpi, a “tail.”] Having a short tail; 
 brachyu'rous. Applied in the plural 
 neuter ( Brachiu' ra) to a family of Crus- 
 tacea Decapoda. 
 
 Brac'te-a,* plural Brac'te-ae. A 
 Latin term, denoting a thin leaf or plate 
 of any metal. It is applied in Botany 
 to all those modifications of leaves which 
 are found upon the inflorescence and 
 are situated between the true leaves and 
 the calyx of the flower. They compose 
 the involucrnm of Compositae, the glumes 
 of Gramineae, the spathes of Arum, etc. 
 
 Brae'te-ate. [Bractea'tus; from 
 brae' tea.] Having floral leaves. 
 
 Brae-te'I-forsn. [Braeteafoir'mis; 
 from brae' tea.] Resembling a floral leaf. 
 
 Brac'te-ole. [Bracte'ola; diminu- 
 tive of brae' tea.] A little floral leaf. 
 
 87 
 
BRA 
 
 BRE 
 
 Brac-te'o-late. [Brac^eola'tus.] 
 
 Having bracteoles. 
 
 Brad-y^per-ma-tis'mus.* [From 
 
 fipaov;, “slow,” and crzippa, “seed.”] Too 
 sioyp emission of the semen : bradysper'- 
 matism. 
 
 Brain. A word generally denoting 
 the whole nervous mass within the 
 cranium , or skull. See Cerebrum. 
 
 Brain, Utile. See Cerebellum. 
 
 Bran. See Furfur Tritici. 
 
 Branch. [Lat. Ka'inus; Fr. Branche, 
 broxsh.] In Anatomy, applied to the 
 several portions of blood-vessels, etc., as 
 they divide, like the branches of a tree. 
 
 Branched. See Ramos us. 
 
 Branchia. See next article. 
 
 Branchiae,* brank'e-e. [Gr. Ppay- 
 Xia.] The gills, or breathing apparatus, 
 in fishes, analogous to the lungs of land- 
 animals. Also, the organs of respiration 
 in Mollusca, Crustacea , and some Kept ilia. 
 
 Brancliiopoda. See Branchiopo- 
 
 DUS. 
 
 Brancii-I-op'o-dus.* [From (3pdy- 
 X<a, “ gills,” and rovg, a “foot.”] Applied 
 in Zoology to an order ( Branchiopoda , 
 brank'e-op'o-da) of Crustacea Entomos- 
 traca, in which the branchiae constitute 
 part of their feet. 
 
 Braneh-I-os'te-gal. [Branchios- 
 
 tega'lis; from ppayxia, “gills,” and 
 oTkyto, to “cover.”] Covering the gills. 
 Applied in Comparative Anatomy to 
 appendages of the hyoid and scapular 
 arches. 
 
 Branch-i'Os'te-ous. [BrancSii- 
 
 os'teus; from /3pdy\ia, “gills,” and 
 duTEov, a “bone.”] Having gills wiih 
 bony rays. 
 
 Bran'dy. [Lat.Vi'num Adus'tum, 
 or A 'qua Vi'tae; Fr. Eau de Vie, o deh 
 vA; Ger. Branntwein, br&nt'wln, lite- 
 rally, “burnt wine.”] The spirit dis- 
 tilled from wine ; one of the most popu- 
 lar forms in which alcoholic spirit is 
 administered. 
 
 Bras. See Brachium. 
 
 Brasque, brask. A French term 
 used by metallurgists to denote the 
 lining of a crucible or a furnace with 
 charcoal. 
 
 Brass. [Lat. AEs, ^E'ris; Fr. A train, 
 AraN®'.] An alloy of copper and zinc. 
 Common brass consists of three parts 
 of copper and one of zinc. 
 
 Brassicacese,* bras-se-ka'she-e. A 
 name given by Lindley to an order of 
 plants, including mustard, cabbage, etc. , 
 
 Bray era. See Kousso. 
 
 Bra-zil'-Aut. A triangular nut I 
 
 88 
 
 growing in Brazil; the fruit of the 
 Bertholle'tia excel' sa, or cream-nut. 
 
 Brazil - Root. [Radix Brazilien'- 
 
 sis.] A name sometimes given to the 
 root of the Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Brazil-Wood. The wood of the 
 Csesalpi'na Brazil ten' sis, which yields a 
 red coloring matter used by dyers. 
 
 Braz-I-let to. An interior species 
 of Brazil-wood, brought from Jamaica. 
 It is one of the cheapest and least es- 
 teemed of the red dye-woods. 
 
 Bread-Fruit Tree. The Arfocarpus 
 incisa, a tree of the order Urticacese. 
 It has broad, lobed leaves and large, 
 globular heads of fruit. “This fruit is 
 to the inhabitants of Polynesia what corn 
 is to the inhabitants of other parts of 
 the world.” — (Hoblyn.) 
 
 Break-Bone Fever. See Dengue. 
 
 Breast. The mamma of females; the 
 mammilla of males ; also, popularly, the 
 thorax, or chest. See Pectus. 
 
 Breast-Bone. See Sternum. 
 
 Breast-Pump. The same as Antlia 
 Mammaria. 
 
 Breath. [Hal'itus and Spir'itus.] 
 
 The air received and discharged by ex- 
 pansion and contraction of the lungs. 
 
 Breccia, bret'ehL [It. a “frag- 
 ment.”] Rock with fragmentary struc- 
 ture, the agglomerated grains of which 
 are angulous fragments with sharp edges. 
 
 Breeciolar, bretch'o-lar. [Brec- 
 ciola'ris.] Applied to rocks having 
 various bodies in their paste or sub- 
 stance. 
 
 Bredouilleinent (Fr.), breh-dool'- 
 moN®'. A defective utterance, in which 
 only a part of the words is pronounced. 
 It differs from stammering in being 
 produced solely by a too great rapidity 
 of speech. 
 
 Breg ma, a tis.% [From /3pc\(o, to 
 “moisten:” so named because it was 
 deemed to cover the most humid part 
 of the brain.] An anatomical term for 
 the sinciput, or top of the head. See 
 Sinciput. 
 
 Brepli-o-tro'ptii-um.* [From 
 
 ftpkpo an “infant,” and rpi^tj, to “nou- 
 rish.”] A foundling-hospital. 
 
 Bres'lau Fe'ver. An epidemic 
 which broke out in the Prussian army at 
 Breslau in the middle of the last century, 
 and which has been named by Sauvages 
 Tri trenphi a V rat is la v iensis. 
 
 Brev-I-pen'iiate. [Brcvipeii'nis ; 
 from bre'vis , “short,” and pen’na, a 
 “wing.”] Short-winged. A term applied 
 to certain birds. 
 
BRE 
 
 BRO 
 
 Bre-vis'si-mus Oc'u-li.* [From 
 
 bre'vis, “short,” and oc'ulus , the “eye.”] 
 A synonym of the obliquus inferior , 
 from its being the “shortest [muscle] of 
 the eye.” 
 
 Brexiacere,* brex-e-a/she-e. A natu- 
 ral order of trees, allied to the Saxifrages, 
 with coriaceous leaves and green flowers. 
 It includes the genus Brex’ia, which is a 
 native of Madagascar. 
 
 Brez'i-lin. The name applied to 
 the coloring matter of Brazil-wood ob- 
 tained from several species of Csesalpinia. 
 
 Brick 'lay-er’s Itch. A species of 
 local tetter, or impetigo, produced on 
 the hands of bricklayers by the contact 
 of lime. 
 
 Bright’s Dis-case'. [Jforbns 
 Brigh'tii.] A genus or group of dis- 
 eases of the kidney, first described by 
 Dr. Bright. See Nephritis. 
 
 Brim stone. [Perhaps a corruption 
 of Brenstone, or Burnstone, referring to 
 its great combustibility.] A name for 
 sulphur. The sublimed sulphur of the 
 Pharmacopoeia is termed Jiower8 of brim- 
 stone or of sulphur. 
 
 Brise-j>ierre, bR^z' pe-ain'. [From 
 the French briser , to “break,” and 
 pierre , a “stone.”] An instrument for 
 breaking stones in the bladder. See 
 Lithotrity. 
 
 Brit ish Gum. A term applied to 
 starch when reduced to a gum-like state 
 by exposure to heat. It then becomes 
 of a brown color, and in that state is 
 employed by calico-printers. 
 
 British Oil. An artificial prepara- 
 tion, composed as follows : — camphor, 
 one ounce ; rectified spirits of wine, four 
 ounces; sweet oil, twelve ounces; oil of 
 hartshorn, five ounces: boiled together. 
 This name is also given to the O'leum 
 Pe’trse Vulga’re, or common oil of petre, 
 a variety of petroleum. 
 
 Bro'(H-um. :i: A term synonymous in 
 Pharmacy with jusculum , or broth, the 
 liquor in which any thing is boiled ; as 
 bro'dium sa'lis , a decoction of salt. 
 
 Bro'ma.* [From fiippocKw. to “eat.”] 
 Food ; any thing that is masticated. 
 
 Bro'miite. [Bromas, A 
 
 combination of bromic acid with a base. 
 
 Brom-a-to^'ra-pliy. [Bromato- 
 g-ra'phia; from (Jphfxa, “food,” and 
 ypeupw, to “describe.”] A treatise on 
 foods ; or a description of different kinds 
 of food. 
 
 Brom-a-tol'o-gy. [Bromatol©'- 
 
 gia; from Ppupa, “food,” and A dyog. a 
 “discourse.”] The consideration of food, 
 
 its nature, quality, and uses ; the scienco 
 of food. 
 
 Brome, or Bro'mine. [Bro niium, 
 or Broniin'iiiin; from (Jpupog, a 
 “ stench.”] An elementary body usually 
 obtained from the residue of sea-water, 
 called Bittern ; named on account of its 
 powerful, suffocating odor. It is a liquid 
 of a deep-red color, and is very poison- 
 ous. 
 
 Brorneliaceae,* bro-me-le-a'she-e. 
 [From Brome'lia , one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of endogenous plants, 
 found in tropical regions, and capable 
 of growing in air without contact with 
 the earth. It includes the Ananas, or 
 Pine-Apple, and other plants prized for 
 their flowers. 
 
 Bronielije,* bro-me'le-e, the plural 
 of Brome'lia, forming the Jussieuan 
 name of an order of plants. See Brome- 
 
 LIACE A5. 
 
 Bro mic. [Brom'icus.] Belonging 
 
 to brome. 
 
 Bro'inic A^'id. A compound of 
 bromine and oxygen. 
 
 Bro'mide. [Bro'mis, i'dis; from 
 bro 1 mium.] A combination of bromine 
 with a metallic base. 
 
 Bro-niin'i-uni.* The Pharmaco- 
 poeia! name (U. S. Ph.) of Brome, of 
 Bromine, which see. 
 
 Bromium. See Brome. 
 
 Bro'mo-form. [From bro’ mium, 
 and for’mgle .] A peculiar substance 
 compounded of bromine and formic acid, 
 somewhat analogous in its effects to 
 chloroform and sodoform. 
 
 Bro'mu-ret. [Bromure'tum ; 
 from bro' mium.'] A combination of 
 brome with a base. 
 
 Brooches. The French term for 
 Bronchia, which see. 
 
 Bronchi,* bronkT (the plural of 
 Brooch 'us). The same as Bronchia, 
 which see. 
 
 Bronchia,* bronk'e-a, gen. Bron- 
 chi-o'rum (found only in the plural). 
 Fr. Bronches, brdxsh. [From Ppoyxog, 
 the “ windpipe.”] The first two branches 
 of the bronchus, or windpipe ; otherwise 
 called bronchi. 
 
 Bronch'I-al. [Brooch ia 'Its ; from 
 bron’chia.] Belonging to the bronchia, 
 or bronchi. 
 
 Brooch 'ial Tubes. The minute 
 ramifications of the bronchi, terminating 
 in the bronchial cells, or air-cells of the 
 lungs. 
 
 Bronchitis,* bronk-i'tis. [From 
 bron’chia.] Inflammation of the bronchia . 
 
 89 
 
BRO 
 
 BUB 
 
 Broncb-lem-mi'tis.* A membrane- 
 
 like inflammation of the bronchia . 
 
 Bronch'o-^ele.* [From (ipoyxog, the 
 “ windpipe,” and Kri\r], a “ tumor.”] An 
 indolent swelling of the thyroid gland ; 
 goitre; tracheocele. Called also Derby- 
 shire neck. 
 
 Broncbohaemorrbagria,* bronk'o- 
 hem'o-ra'je-a. [From bron'chus, and 
 hsemorrha'gia, “haemorrhage.”] A term 
 recently proposed by Andral to desig- 
 nate the exhalation of blood from the 
 lining membrane of the bronchial tubes, 
 commonly called bronchial haemorrhage. 
 
 Broncii-opli'o-nism, Bronch- 
 oph'o-ny. [Broncbopbonis'mus, 
 Broncbopho'nia ; from (Jpdyxog, and 
 </koj/i 7 , the “voice.”] The sound of the 
 voice, heard by means of the stethoscope, 
 in the bronchia. 
 
 Bronchorrboea,* bronk-o-re'a. 
 [From brou' chi, and pico, to “flow.”] In- 
 creased discharge of mucus from the 
 bronchia. 
 
 Broneh-ot'o*niy. [Broncboto'- 
 
 111 ia; from [3poyx<>s, the “windpipe” or 
 “bronchia,” and rr/n/w, to “cut.”] The 
 operation of cutting into the bronchus , 
 or windpipe. 
 
 Broil '-elms.* [Gr. PpSyxog , the “wind- 
 pipe.”] Same as Trachea. In the 
 plural, bronchi is used synonymously 
 with bronchia. 
 
 Bron'to-lite, or Bron'to-lith. 
 [Bron toll 'tes; from (3povrh, “thunder,” 
 and \l6us, a “stone.”] A thunder-stone; 
 another name for Aerolite, or meteoric 
 stone. 
 
 Bronze. A compound metal, con- 
 sisting of copper with a small propor- 
 tion of tin ; similar to bell-metal. 
 
 Brook 'lime. The Veron'ica becca- 
 bun'ga. 
 
 Broom. The Spar' Hum scopa' rium. 
 
 Browning. A preparation of sugar, 
 port-wine, spices, etc., for coloring and 
 flavoring meat, etc. 
 
 Brown 'ism. The theory or doc- 
 trines of John Brown. See Brunonian 
 Theory. 
 
 Britain, or Brucine, broo'sin. 
 [Bru'cia, or Bruci'na.] A vegetable 
 alkali discovered in the false Angustura 
 bark and in the Nux vomica. It is of a 
 pearly-white color, very bitter and styp- 
 tic : it is poisonous, but less active than 
 strychnine. 
 
 Bruissement (Fr.), bRw&ss'moN°'. 
 Corvisart’s term for the purring tremor , 
 or frimissement cataire, of Laennec. 
 
 Bruit, bRwA A French term, signi- 
 90 
 
 fying “noise.” Applied to the different 
 conditions of the sound perceived by 
 means of the stethoscope, according as 
 the thorax or its organs are affected. 
 
 Bruit de C’raquement, bRw£ d$h 
 krak'moN 0 ' (“crackling sound”), or 
 Bruit de Cuir Neuf, bnw6 deh kw&R 
 nuf (“sound of new leather”). A sound 
 caused by friction of the pericardium in 
 certain diseased conditions. 
 
 Bruit de SoufHet, bnw£ deh soo'fl&' 
 (“bellows-sound”). A sound sometimes 
 heard during the contraction of the 
 auricles and ventricles of the heart. It 
 is also termed Bruit de Souffle, bRw& 
 deh soofl, or “blowing sound.” 
 
 Bruit Tympanique, bRW& taM'p&'- 
 n&k' (“tympanic sound”). See Tympa- 
 nitis. 
 
 Bruniacese,* broo-ne-a'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous shrubs, found 
 at the Cape of Good Hope. Their pro- 
 perties are unknown. — (Lindley.) 
 
 Brun ner’s Blands. [Blau 'du- 
 lse Brunne'rii.] The Gian' dulse soli- 
 ta’ rise, or mucous follicles discovered by 
 Brunner in the mucous membrane of the 
 small intestines. 
 
 Brunoniacese,* broo-no-no-a'she-e. 
 A natural order of herbaceous plants, 
 found in New Holland. It consists of 
 one genus, — Bruno' nia. 
 
 Bru -no' ni-an Tlie'o-ry. A theory 
 or system founded by John Brown, who 
 maintained that all diseases are the 
 result either of an excess or deficiency 
 of excitability in the animal system. 
 
 Bruns wick Breen. An ammo- 
 niaco-muriate of copper, used for oil- 
 painting. 
 
 Bryg'mus.^ [Gr. (3pvyfios ; from /?p\w, 
 to “gnash with the teeth.”] Gnashing 
 or grating with the teeth ; one of the 
 symptoms occurring in certain diseases. 
 
 Bry'o-ny. [Bryo'nia; from fipvio, 
 to “abound.”] A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Monoecia , natural order Cucurbi- 
 tacese. 
 
 Bry-o'ni-a Al'ba.* The Bryonia 
 dioica. 
 
 Bryo'nia B»i-oi'ca.* The wild vine; 
 also called Bryonia alba , wild hops, and 
 tetter-berry. 
 
 Bu'bo, o'/us,* Bu'bon,o'n>s.* [From 
 ($o fi cud, the “groin.”] The inflammatory 
 swelling of a lymphatic gland, particu- 
 larly in the groin or axilla. A genus of 
 the order Turn ores, class Locales, of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. Adeni'tis. In Botany, 
 a Linnaean genus of the class Pentandria. 
 natural order Umbelliferse. 
 
BUB 
 
 BUL 
 
 Bu'bon ©al'ba-num.* The former 
 name of the plant which yields galba- 
 nurn ; now called Galbanum officinale. 
 
 Bu-bo-naU'gri-a.* [From (Jouftov, the 
 “ groin,” and dAyuj, “pain.”J Pain in 
 the groin : bubonal'gy. 
 
 Bu-bon'o-$eIe.* [From / 3 o ') 6 ojv , the 
 “ groin,” and * 17 X 77 , a “ tumor.”] A species 
 of hernia in which part of the bowels 
 protrudes at the abdominal ring; sy- 
 nonymous with inguinal hernia. 
 
 Bnc'caS. [Bucca'lis; from bue'ea, 
 the “cheek.”] Belonging to the cheek. 
 
 Buc cal ©lands. The name of nu- 
 merous follicles situated beneath the 
 mucous layer of the cheek. 
 
 Buc'cal Nerve, called also the Buc'« 
 co-lLab-i-a'lis.* A nerve generally 
 arising from the inferior maxillary : it 
 sends its branches to the buccinator 
 muscle. 
 
 Buc-^l-na'tor, o'ria.* [From buc'- 
 cinoy buccina' turn, to “sound a trumpet.”] 
 The trumpeter’s muscle. A flat muscle 
 which forms the wall of the cheek : so 
 called from its being much used in 
 blowing the trumpet. 
 
 Buecinoidse,* buk-se-no'i-de. [From 
 bae'einuin, a shell-fish like a trumpet or 
 horn.] A name in Zoology given to a 
 family of the Molina' ca Gasterop'oda Pec- 
 tinib ranch ia'ta, having the Baccinum for 
 its type. 
 
 Bacco-Iiabialis Nerve. See Buc- 
 cal Nerve. 
 
 Bwc'cti-lsjb.* [The diminutive of hue'- 
 ca, thi “cheek.”] The fleshy part under 
 the chin. 
 
 Bucku,* boo'koo. The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (U.S. Ph.) of the Boros' ma 
 crena'ta, and other species of Baros'ma; 
 the Bucco of the British Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Buck-Bean. A plant of the natural 
 order Gentianacese , used by brewers in 
 some parts of Germany as a substitute 
 for hops. See Menyanthes Tripo- 
 li at a. 
 
 Buck '-Thorn. The common name 
 of the Rham'nus cathar'ticns. The berries 
 yield a delicate green, named by painters 
 verdevis'sa. 
 
 Buek'11.* The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Ed. Ph.) for the leaves of several species 
 of Barosma. See Bitchu. 
 
 Buc-ne'mi-a.* [From /3oi>, a par- 
 ticle of increase, and the “leg.”] 
 
 A disease of the leg, distinguished by 
 tense, diffuse, inflammatory swelling. 
 
 Bucopric Acid. See Bosopric 
 Acid. 
 
 Bad. [Lat. ©em'ma; Fr. Bouton , 
 
 boo't&No'.] The rudiments of a plant in 
 a latent state, till evolved at the proper 
 season and by the influence of other 
 circumstances. 
 
 Buf'fy €oat. [Co'riiim Phlogis'- 
 ticum.] The inflammatory crust or 
 butf-colored substance on the surface of 
 the cra88amentum of blood taken from 
 persons laboring under inflammation, 
 when coagulation is completed. 
 
 Bu-laon' Fe'ver. A name given by 
 the natives on the African coast to the 
 yellow fever. 
 
 Bulb. [Lat. Bul bils ; Gr. /?oXS<5j.] In 
 Botany, a globular, coated body, solid, 
 or composed of fleshy scales or layers, 
 constituting the lower part of some 
 plants, and sending off radicles from the 
 flattened basis. Also applied in Anatomy 
 to portions of the body resembling a 
 bulb. 
 
 Bulb of the U-re'thra. The bulb- 
 like commencement of the corpus spon- 
 giosum penis : hence the included ure- 
 thra is called the bulbous portion. 
 
 Bul-bif 'er-ous. [Bislbif 'eras ; 
 
 from bid’ bus, a “bulb,” and fe’ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing bulbs. 
 
 Bul bil. [Bulbil 'lus, or Bul'bu- 
 lus; the diminutive of btd'bus.] A 
 small, solid, or scaly bud, which being 
 detached from a plant becomes de- 
 veloped and perfectly similar to it. 
 
 Bui' bo-Ca v-er- 11 o'sus.* [N am e d 
 from its connection with the bulb of the 
 urethra and the corpus cavernosum.] A 
 muscle of the urethra. The same as 
 Accelerator Urinal, which see. 
 
 Bul bous. [Bulbo'sus ; from bul'- 
 bus , a “bulb.”] Having bulbs, or full 
 of bulbs. 
 
 Bulbulus. See Bulbil. 
 
 Bul'bus Ar-te-ri-o'sns.* (“Arterial 
 Bulb.”) The name of the anterior of the 
 three cavities of the heart in all Yerte- 
 brata, as exhibited in the early period 
 of their development. 
 
 Bul'bus © 1 -fac-to'ri-us.* (“Olfac- 
 tory Bulb.”) That portion of the olfac- 
 tory nerve which expands into a bulb- 
 like form and rests upon the cribriform 
 plate of the ethmoid bone. 
 
 Bu-lim'I-a,* Bu-li-mi'a-sis,* Bu- 
 ll 'mus.* [From fio »i, a particle of in- 
 crease, and hpog, “hunger.”] A disease 
 causing great voracity or insatiable hun- 
 ger ; canine hunger. A genus of the order 
 Dijsorexise , class Locales, of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. 
 
 Bu'lith-um.* [From /3ov$, an “ox,” 
 and \iOos, a “stone.”] A bezoar stone 
 91 
 
BUL 
 
 BYT 
 
 found in the kidneys, the gall, or urinary 
 bladder of the ox. See Bezoar. 
 
 Bail!. = Bul'liat .* “Let it boil.” 
 
 Bail' la.* Literally, a “ bubble.” A 
 transparent vesicle caused by burns, 
 scalds, or otherwise ; a bleb ; a blister. 
 
 Bul'late. [Bulla'tus, Bullo'sus; 
 from bul'la, a “blister.”] Having bullae , 
 or full of bullae , — an appearance pro- 
 duced by the surface of a leaf being 
 raised above its veins. 
 
 Bunion, or Bunyon, bun'yan. 
 [From (iovviov, the “earth-nut.”] In- 
 flammation (or rather its effects) of the 
 bur sa mucosa , at the ball of the great 
 toe, induration of adjacent parts, en- 
 largement of the joint, etc. 
 
 Bu'ni-um.* [From the same.] The 
 generic name of the plant producing the 
 earth-nut. It has a tuberous root, which 
 is eaten roasted or raw. 
 
 BuptithaBinia,* buf-thal'me-a, or 
 Bu-opli-thariiii-a,* or Buph-tltal- 
 i litis.* [From (3ovg, an “ox,” and o/»0aX- 
 the “eye.”] The first stage of lly- 
 drophthalmia, or ox-eye. 
 
 Bur'doek. The common English 
 name of the Arc'tium lap' pa, and Lap' pa 
 mi' nor . 
 
 Bur'grm-dy Pi tell. The Pix Bur- 
 
 gun' dica of the Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Burmaumiaceae,* bur-man-ne-a'- 
 she-e. A natural order of endogenous 
 plants related to the Orchids . 
 
 Burn. [Ts'tio and Ambus 'tio, 
 
 ©'nos.] A lesion caused by the applica- 
 tion of heat. 
 
 Burnt Alum. See Alumen Exsic- 
 
 CATUM. 
 
 Burnt Sponge. [Spon'gia Us'ta.] 
 
 This substance is prepared by cutting 
 sponge into small pieces, and burning 
 it in a covered vessel until it becomes 
 black and friable, when it is rubbed 
 into a fine powder. It is employed as a 
 remedy in goitre and scrofulous swell- 
 ings. 
 
 Bur'sa,* plural Bur'sa?. [Gr. /3vpoa , 
 a “leathern bottle.”] A sac, or purse. 
 
 Bur'sa Mu-co'sa,* plural Bur'sae 
 Uluco'sse. A membranous sac for 
 secreting a substance ( syno'via ) to lubri- 
 cate tendons and joints, rendering their 
 motion easy. 
 
 Bur-sa'lis.* [From bur'sa .] Be- 
 longing to a purse or bag : bur'sal. 
 
 Bur-sal'o-gy* [Bursalo'gia ; from 
 / 3vpoa , a “ bag,” and A<>yoj, a “ discourse.”] 
 The consideration (or science) of the 
 bursae mucosae. 
 
 Bu'te-a Gum. A gum procured 
 from natural fissures and wounds made 
 in the bark of the Bu'tea frondo'sa, a 
 leguminous plant of India. 
 
 Butomacese,* bu-to-ma'she-e. A 
 natural order of aquatic plants, includ- 
 ing the Bu'tomus. 
 
 But'ter. [Lat. Bu'tyrum: Gr. fiov- 
 r”poj/.] An oil, more or less concrete, 
 obtained from the milk of animals. It 
 can be separated frem milk or cream 
 by almost any kind of violent and con- 
 tinued agitation. This process of sepa- 
 ration is popularly termed “churning.” 
 
 But'ter of Ca-ca'o. An oily, con- 
 crete, white matter, of a firmer consist- 
 ence than suet, obtained from the Cacao , 
 or Cocoanut, of which chocolate is made. 
 
 But/ ter-fly -Shaped. See Papilio- 
 
 NACEUS. 
 
 Butua. See Pareira Braya. 
 
 Bu-ty-ra'ceous. [Butyra'ceus ; 
 from bu'tyrum , “ butter.”] Of the ap- 
 pearance or consistence of butter. 
 
 Bu'ty-rate. [Bu'tyras, a'f?s.] A 
 combination of butyric acid with a base. 
 
 Bu-tyr'ic A^'id. A volatile acid 
 obtained from butter. 
 
 Bu'ty-rin. [Butyri'na; from bu- 
 ty'rum , “butter.”] The essential fatty 
 matter of butter: the butyrate of gly-- 
 cerin. 
 
 Bux'in. [Buxi'na.] An alkaline 
 substance obtained from the common 
 box-tree (Bux'us sempervi' rens). 
 
 B. V. = Bal'neum Vapo'ris .* A “va- 
 por-bath.” 
 
 By s 'sum,* Bys'sus.* [Gr. Pvoco$, 
 a kind of fine flax.] In Anatomy, the 
 Pudendum muliebre. Applied in Botany 
 to a genus of lichens. Also, the hairy 
 appendage by which the Mollusca attach 
 themselves to rocks, etc. 
 
 Byttneriacea?,* bit-ne-re-a'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous trees or 
 shrubs, including the Byttne'ria and 
 Theobro'ma Ca'cao , which produces cho- 
 colate or cocoa. 
 
 92 
 
CAB 
 
 CAE 
 
 C. 
 
 c. An abbreviation for Gongius ,* a 
 “ gallon ;” also for “compound,” or 
 “composite,” Carbonium ,* compositi* 
 or compos it ae 
 
 Cabal-line. [Caballi'nus ; from 
 cabal'lus, a “horse.”] Applied to a 
 coarse kind of aloes fit only for horses. 
 
 Cab bage-Tree. The Geoffraea iner- 
 mis, or Andira inermis. 
 
 Cabombaceae,* kab-om-ba'she-e, or 
 Ca-bom'be-ae.* [From Cabom'ba , the 
 name of one of the genera.] A natural 
 order, including aquatic plants with 
 floating peltate leaves. It is also called 
 Hydropeltidex. 
 
 Cacao. See Cocoa. 
 
 Cachectic, ka-kek'tik. [Caciiec'ti- 
 cus; from cachex'ia .] Pertaining to 
 Cachexia. 
 
 Caeli-el-co'ma, a £?*«.* [From Kasog, 
 “bad,” and e\xo;, an “ulcer.”] A malig- 
 nant ulcer. 
 
 Ca-chex'i-a.* [From kcl<6<;, “bad,” 
 “evil,” and a “habit.”] A depraved 
 habit of body. Applied in the plural 
 to a class of Cullen’s Nosology. Ca- 
 chex'y. 
 
 Ciic-o-ehyml-a. 15 [From kuk^, 
 “bad,” and “juice,” “humor.”] 
 
 A depraved condition of the humors. 
 
 Cac-o-col ' pl-a.* [From kolkos, “ bad,” 
 and k6\ttos, a “sinus,” also, the “womb,” 
 or “ vulva.”] A putrid condition of the 
 vulva and vaginal entrance. 
 
 Cac'o-dyl. [From kcuc'jStis, “fetid.”] 
 A limpid liquid, of fetid odor, derived 
 from acetyl. Cacodylic acid is formed 
 from cacodyl by oxygenation. 
 
 Cac-o-e'thes.* [From kclkos, “bad,” 
 and rjdo;, “manner” or “disposition.”] 
 A bad habit or disposition. 
 
 Cac-o-so'mi-um.* [From /ravo;, 
 “bad,” and aHua, a “body,” also, “state 
 of body.”] A lazaretto for leprosy and 
 other incurable diseases. 
 
 Cactaceae,* kak-ta'she-e. A natural 
 order of plants of the Cactus tribe, re- 
 markable for their large and gay flowers. 
 They are succulent shrubs, found wild 
 in hot, dry countries. 
 
 Cac'ti,* the plural of Cac'tus (a 
 “prickly pear”), the Jussieuan name of 
 an order of plants. See Cactace^:. 
 
 Ca-cu'men,* plural Ca-cu'mi-na. 
 The “top” of any thing. In Pharma- 
 copoeia! language, the tops of plants. 
 
 Ca-dav’er-ic. [Cadaver'icus ; from 
 
 cada'ver , a “corpse.”] Belonging to a 
 dead body. 
 
 Ca-dav'er-ous. [From the same.] 
 Having the appearance of a dead body; 
 pertaining to a dead body. 
 
 Cadet', Liq'uor of. A liquid ob- 
 tained by distilling acetate of potash 
 and arsenious acid, and remarkable for 
 its insupportable odor and spontaneous 
 inflammability in air. 
 
 Cad'mi-a,* or Cad-mi'a. [Gr. xad- 
 n'ia~ or Kadyeia, “calamine,” or “cad- 
 mia.”] A name applied to several 
 metallic substances, or ores, — calamine, 
 cobalt, tutty, etc. 
 
 Cad'mi-um,* or Cad-mi'nm. 
 
 [From cad' min, “calamine” or “tutty,” 
 in which it was first observed.] The 
 name for a metal, resembling tin, found 
 in several of the ores of zinc. A dilute 
 solution of the sulphate of cadmium has 
 been used as a collyrium for spots on 
 the cornea, and for chronic inflamma- 
 tion of the conjunctiva. See preceding 
 article. 
 
 Ca-dw'ca.* [See next article.] A 
 name sometimes given to the deciduous 
 membrane of the uterus. 
 
 Ca-du'cus.* [From ca'do, to “fall.”] 
 F. tiling off: cadu'cous. 
 
 Caduque (Fr.), kAdiik'. The same as 
 Caduca, which see. 
 
 Cae'cal, or Ce'cal. [Caeca'lis; from 
 cae'cum, the “blind gut.”] Belonging 
 to the Caecum. 
 
 Caccitas (ses'e-tas), a 'tis* [From 
 cae'cus , “blind.”] Blindness. 
 
 Cae-ci'tis.* [From cae'cum.'] Inflam- 
 mation of the cecum. 
 
 Cae'cum.* [Neuter singular of cae'cus , 
 “blind.”] The blind gut ( bites' tinum 
 being understood), or first portion of the 
 large intestine; the Ca'put co'li. 
 
 Cae-ru'le-us Mor bus.* (The “blue 
 disease.”) See Cyanosis. 
 
 Cae rail in a. See Cerulin. 
 
 Caesalpinia,* ses-al-pin'e-a. [Named 
 from Cxsalpi'nus.] A genus of trees of 
 the order Leguminosse. See Brazil 
 Wood. 
 
 Cae-sa're-an Op-er-a'tion, Caesa'- 
 reaat Sec'tion. [Opera'tioCaesa'rea, 
 Sec'tioCaesa'rea; from Julius Caesar , — 
 said to have been born thus; more 
 probably from cse'do, cae’ sum, to “cut.”] 
 In Obstetrics, the operation of cutting 
 into the womb through the parietes of 
 93 
 
CAF 
 
 CAL. 
 
 the abdomen when natural delivery is 
 impracticable: hysterotomy. According 
 to Pliny, persons thus born were called 
 
 Cteso'nes. 
 
 €af<e Citrin (Fr.), ka'fA' se'traN 0 '. An 
 infusion of unroasted coffee; so named on 
 account of its yellow or citrine color. 
 
 Caf'fe-a.* The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.j of the seed of the Caf'fea 
 Arab'ica (the coffee-plant). See Coffee. 
 
 Caf 'fe-iau. [Caflfei'na ; f rom the French 
 Cafe , “ coffee.”] A bitter principle ob- 
 tained from coffee. The same as Thein. 
 
 Ca-iai'ca,* or Ca-tiin'ca,^ called also 
 Clii-o-coc'ca,* a plant of the order Ru- 
 biacese , the root of which has recently 
 been employed as a tonic and diuretic. 
 
 Cajepnt, kaj'e-poot, written also 
 Cai'epaii and Caj'uput. [Cajupu'- 
 tum.] See Cajuputi Oleum. 
 
 Caj-u-pai'&i O'le-umi.* (“Oil of 
 Cajeput.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Ed. Ph.) for Cajuput or Cajeput oil, 
 obtained from the Melaleu' ca cajupu'ti. 
 It stimulant and aromatic, and is 
 considered very efficacious in some forms 
 of rheumatism. 
 
 Cal-a-bar' Bean. A medicinal sub- 
 stance having the remarkable property of 
 causing contraction of the pupil of the eye, 
 
 Cal-a-armi'na.* [From cacl'mia lapi- 
 do'sa , an ore of zinc.] The Phar- 
 macopoeial name of a native impure 
 carbonate of zinc. 
 
 Ca-lam-2-iaa'ris.** Belonging to 
 calamine, or Lapis calami nans. 
 
 Cal'a-mi Ra'fiix.* (“ Root of Cala- 
 mus/’) See Calamus. 
 
 Cal'a-mus.* [From the Arabic Ka'- 
 lam, the “stalk of a plant,” a ‘‘reed.’’] A 
 Latin word signify ing a “reed,” and hence 
 a “pen.” The name of a Linnaean genus 
 of the class Hexanclria, natural order 
 Aroiclesc ; also the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) cf the rhizoma of Ac'orus 
 cal' a mus. 
 
 Cal amus Ro'tang,* or Cal'amus 
 Dra'c©.* A plant generally supposed 
 to yield the substance known as dragon’s 
 blood, said likewise to be obtained from 
 the Pteroca r' pus dra'co. 
 
 Calamus Scrip-ton-ns. 1 - A 
 “ writing-pen.” Applied in Anatomy to 
 a narrow fissure on the back and in the 
 median line of the Pons Varolii. 
 
 Ca-lap'pate. [From the Malay Ca- 
 Ixp'pa, the “ cocoa-tree.”] A stony concre- 
 tion sometimes found in the inside of the 
 cocoanut; also called a vegetable bezoar. 
 
 Cal-a-ttiid'i-uiai.* [From Ka\aOig, a 
 “little basket.”] A k^ jl of inflorescence 
 91 
 
 composed of sessile flowers thickly placed 
 upon a common involucre. 
 
 Cal-ca ne-um/ [From calx , the 
 “heel.”] The largest bone of the tarsus; 
 the heel-bone, or os calc is. 
 
 €al'ca-rate. [Calcara'tns ; from 
 cal' car, a “ spur.”] Having spurs ; like 
 the flower of the larkspur. 
 
 Cal-ca/re-ous. [Calca'rins ; from 
 calx , cal' cis, “lime.”] Belonging to 
 lime ; containing lime. 
 
 Calca reous Earth. Lime. 
 
 Calca'reous Spar. Crystallized car- 
 bonate of lime. Iceland spar is one of 
 its purest varieties. 
 
 Cal'ce-I-form. [Calcei for 'infs ; 
 
 from cal' ceus, a “ shoe.”] Like a shoe. 
 
 C’al-cif'er-ous. [Calcif 'ertis; from 
 calx, “lime,” and fe'ro , to “bear.”] 
 Containing lime or carbonate of lime. 
 
 Calcification. See Petri faction. 
 
 Cal-cjg'e-nous. [Calcig'enus; from 
 calx, “lime,” and yewucj, to “generate.”] 
 Applied to metals which with oxygen 
 form a calx or earthy-looking substance. 
 
 €aI-c2-na/tion. [Calcina'tio, o 'nis. 
 See Calcine.] The application of heat 
 to saline, metallic, or other substances, 
 to deprive them of moisture, etc. 
 
 Cal-ci-na'tns.- Reduced to powder 
 by heat; calcined. See Calcination. 
 
 Cal'due. [Cal'cino, Calcina't uni ; 
 from ccdx, cal'cis, “lime.”] To burn as 
 lime; to reduce to a powder, or to an 
 oxide, by heat. See Calcination. 
 
 Ualcanm,' ;i * kal'she-um. [From calx, 
 “lime.”] The metallic base of lime. 
 
 Cal'cu-15,- the plural of Calculus, 
 which see. 
 
 fal-cu-lif'ra-gus/ [From cal'cu- 
 lus , and f ran' go, to “break.”] Breaking 
 or reducing calculi: calculif 'ragous. See 
 Lithotriptic. As a noun, Calculif 'ra- 
 < jus forms the name of a surgical instru- 
 ment for breaking down calculi in the 
 bladder. See Lithotriptor. 
 
 Cal'cu-lons. [Calculo'sus ? from 
 cal' cuius .] Of the nature of stone or 
 calculus. Having a calculus, or full of 
 calculi. Applied to those afflicted with 
 stone in the bladder. 
 
 Cal'cn-lns,* plural Cal f c»n-Ii. [The 
 diminutive of calx, “limestone,” cr 
 “chalk.” See Calx.] Fr. Calcul, kirkiil', 
 and Pierre, pe-aiu'. A stone-like con- 
 cretion in the urinary bladder, kidney, 
 gall-bladder, intestines, or in and about 
 the joints. 
 
 Urinary Calculi, commonly called 
 “stone,” or “gravel,” vary in composi- 
 tion according to the diathesis of tho 
 
CAL 
 
 CAL 
 
 patient. Sometimes they are of a red- 
 dish or brick color, consisting usually 
 of lithate of ammonia, or of crystals of 
 lithic and uric acid. At others, they 
 are white, or whitish, and are for the 
 most part composed of the phosphates 
 of magnesia and ammonia, occasionally 
 mixed with the phosphate of lime. Urate 
 of ammonia and oxalate of lime some- 
 times occur in a crystalline form. 
 
 Biliary Calculi ( Cal' cult Bilio'si 
 or Bilia'rii) are usually found in the 
 gall-bladder, and are then termed cystic ; 
 sometimes they occur in the substance 
 of the liver, in which case they are called 
 hepatic calculi. In many instances they 
 seem to be little more than bile in a 
 concrete state : many of them are com- 
 posed chiefly of Cholesterin. 
 
 Calculous Concretions, called ar- 
 thritic calculi ( Cal'culi arthrit'ici , Cal' - 
 culi podag'rici, or Tuber' cnla arthrit'ica ), 
 are found in the ligaments, and within 
 the capsules of the joints, in persons 
 afflicted with the gout. These are for 
 the most part composed of uric acid and 
 soda combined with a small portion of 
 animal matter; sometimes of urate of 
 lime. 
 
 Calculi found in the intestines of 
 animals are called Bezoars, which see. 
 
 Cal-e-fa'cieait. [Calefa'ciens; from 
 cal'idus, “ warm,” and fa' cio, to “ make.”] 
 Exciting warmth ; making warm. Ap- 
 plied to medicines or external applica- 
 tions causing a sense of warmth. 
 
 Cal-e-fac'tioai. [Calefac'tio, ©'ms/ 
 from the same.] The act of applying 
 heat. 
 
 Cal'en-tiire. [Sp. Cilentura, k&- 
 len-too'ra.] A violent fever, attended 
 with delirium, incident to persons in hot 
 countries. Under its influence it is said 
 that sailors imagine the sea to be green 
 fields, and will throw themselves into it 
 if not restrained. 
 
 Ca-li'g©, g'inisS [Fr. Brouillard , 
 broo'yaR'.] Dimness of sight sometimes 
 coming on without apparent cause; 
 blindness. A genus of the order Dysses- 
 thesise, class Locales , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Cali'g© Cor'ne-ae.* (“ Obscurity of 
 the Cornea.”) Dimness of sight arising 
 from opacity of the cornea, or some- 
 times a mere speck on the cornea. 
 
 Cali'g'© Hii-iiio'ruaii. :: (“ Obscurity 
 of the Humors.”) Obscurity of vision, 
 or blindness, arising from a defect in 
 the humors of the eye. See Glaucoma. 
 
 Cali'g© Len'tis.* (“Obscurity of 
 the Lens.”) The true Cataract, which see. 
 
 Cal-i-sa'y? Bark. The Cinchona 
 Jlava. 
 
 Cal-is-then 'ics. [Calisthen ' ica and 
 Calistlie'nia; from saXog, “beautiful,” 
 and abivo;, “strength.”] An exercise for 
 strengthening the body and giving ease 
 and elegance to the movements of the 
 limbs. 
 
 Callitrichaceae,* kal'le-tre-ka'she-e. 
 [From kuAAoj, “beauty,” and 0pif, gen. 
 Tpixfa, “hair.”] A natural order or 
 family of aquatic plants. By some they 
 are considered allies of Urticacese, by 
 others, Monocotyledons. 
 
 Cal-los'I-ty. [Callos'itas, a 'tis; 
 from cal'lua .] A preternatural hardness 
 in the skin or naturally soft parts. 
 
 Cal 'lus.- The osseous substance de- 
 posited between the divided portions of 
 a fractured bone. Also, unnatural hard- 
 ness or induration of any soft part, or a 
 thickening of the cuticle, caused by 
 pressure or friction. 
 
 Calomel. See next article. 
 
 Ca-lom 'e-las, a/100.* [From kol\6$, 
 “beautiful,” “good,” and p tAaj, “black;” 
 conjectured to have been so named be- 
 cause it was good for black bile.] Calo- 
 mel. The Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) 
 for the protochloride or mild chloride of 
 mercury. See Hydrargyri Chloridum 
 Mite. 
 
 Ca'lor.* The Latin term for heat. 
 Color fervens denotes boiling heat, or 
 212° Fahr. ; Color lenis, gentle heat, be- 
 tween 90° and 100° Fahr. 
 
 Ca'lor An-i-ma'lis.'* Animal ca- 
 loric, or animal heat. The term applied 
 to the caloric constantly generated in 
 the bodies of living mammalia and birds, 
 by means of which the animal is kept at 
 nearly a uniform temperature. That of 
 the mammalia varies from about 96° to 
 106° or 107°, — the Arctic fox, the Arctic 
 wolf, and the whale being among those 
 that have the highest temperature. The 
 animal heat of birds ranges somewhat 
 higher than that of the mammalia, the 
 temperature of several species being 
 above 108°, while that of the Arctic 
 finch ( Fringilla Arctica ), the redbreast 
 (Rubecnla), and some others is said to 
 reach 111°. 
 
 The temperature of those animals even 
 which are commonly termed cold-blood- 
 ed, is often found to be considerably above 
 that of the surrounding medium ; among 
 fishes, the most highly organized, such 
 as the tunnj^-fish ( Thy units) and the 
 shark, have usually the warmest blood. 
 
 Ca'lor Mor'di-cans.* Literally, a 
 95 
 
CAL 
 
 CAL 
 
 “ biting heat.” A term applied to a dan- 
 gerous symptom in typhus, in which 
 there is a biting and pungent heat upon 
 the skin, leaving a smarting sensation 
 on the fingers for several minutes after 
 touching it. 
 
 Csa-lor'ic. [Calor'icum ; from ca'lor , 
 “heat.”] The matter or cause of the 
 sensation of heat ; igneous fluid. 
 
 Sensible or Free Caloric is that 
 which produces the sensation of heat or 
 affects the thermometer. 
 
 Insensible or Latent Caloric, for- 
 merly supposed to be in a state of com- 
 bination, is that which passes into bodies 
 during a change of form. Thus, it may 
 pass into ice at 32°, changing it to water, 
 but not increasing the temperature (it has 
 hence been termed the caloric of fluidity ), 
 or into water at 212°, converting it to 
 vapor (and termed, in consequence, the 
 caloric of evaporation ). 
 
 Specific Caloric denotes the unequal 
 quantities of caloric required by the 
 same quantity of different bodies to heat 
 them to a given temperature. Thus, if 
 equal weights of water at 40° and mer- 
 cury at 160° be mixed together, the re- 
 sulting temperature is 45°, showing that, 
 computing by weight, water has twenty- 
 three times as great a capacity for caloric 
 as mercury. 
 
 Cal-a-ri^'I-ty. [Calori^'itas, a 'tis ; 
 from ca'lor, “heat.”] The faculty of 
 generating the heat necessary to life, 
 and maintaining the proper temperature 
 of the body in all situations. 
 
 Cal-o-rif 'ic. [Calorif 'icais ; from 
 ca'lor, and fa'cio, to “make.”] Heat- 
 producing ; heat-creating. 
 
 Cal-o-rim'e-ter. [Calorirn'etram ; 
 from ca'lor, and pcrpov, a “measure.”] 
 An instrument for ascertaining the 
 quantity of caloric disengaged from any 
 substance. 
 
 Ca-lor-i-mo'tor, o f r i*. - [From ca'lor, 
 and mo' tor, a “mover.”] An electric 
 apparatus which produces by its dis- 
 charge highly elevated temperatures. 
 
 Cal-otVo-pis ^i-gan-te'a.* An 
 asclepiadaceous plant introduced from 
 India under the name of mudar, or 
 madar, as an alterative and sudorific. 
 
 Ca-lMin'I>a.* [From Colom'bo, in 
 Ceylon, whence the drug was once sup- 
 posed to be derived.] The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name || for the root of Coc'culus 
 palma'tus, or Menisper’ mum jjalma' turn : 
 the Colombo: Radix (Dub. Ph.). The 
 name is often written Colomba. See 
 Columbo. 
 
 96 
 
 Cal-va'ri-a.* [From cal'veo, “to be 
 bald.”] That portion of the cranium 
 above the orbits, temples, ears, and oc- 
 cipital protuberance. 
 
 Calvities,* kal-vish'e-ez. [From 
 cal'vus, “bald.”] Want or loss of hair, 
 particularly on the sinciput ; baldness. 
 
 Calx,* gen. C&l'cis. The heel. 
 
 Calx,* gen. CaCcis. [From \a\i%, a 
 “small stone,” “rubbish.”] Literally, 
 “chalk,” or “limestone.” The Pharma- 
 copoeia]. name for lime, or calcined car- 
 bonate of lime. 
 
 Calx Chlo-rX-na'ta.* (“Chlorinated 
 Lime.”) The Pharmacopoeial name for 
 the preparation popularly known as 
 chloride of lime. See Lime, Chloride of. 
 
 Calx Vi'\a.* Quicklime. 
 
 Calycantliaccae,* kal-e-kan-tha'- 
 she-e, or Cal-y-can'tlie-ae.* [From 
 Calycan' thus, one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous shiubs, found 
 in Japan and North America. The 
 flowers have an aromatic odor, 
 
 Calyceracese,* kal-e-se-ra'she-e. A 
 small natural order of exogenous herba- 
 ceous plants, including the genus Caly- 
 cera. 
 
 Calyces,* kal'e-sez. [The plural of 
 ca'lyx, a “cup.”] Small, membranous, 
 cup-like pouches, which invest the points 
 of the papillae of the kidney. Their 
 union forms the infundibula . 
 
 Caly-ci-flo'rse.* [From ca'lyx, a 
 “flower-cup,” and fos, a “flower.”] 
 Plants which have their flowers fur- 
 nished with both a calyx and a corolla, 
 the latter consisting of distinct petals 
 and their stamens perigynous. 
 
 Cal'y-cl-flo'rate. [Caly ciflo'rns ; 
 from ca'lyx, and ffos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing the stamens inserted into the calyx. 
 
 Cal'y-ci-form. [Calycifor'mis ; 
 from ca'lyx, and for'ma .] Formed like 
 a calyx. 
 
 Cal'y-cine. [Calyci'ims ; from ca'- 
 lyx .] Belonging to a calyx. 
 
 Cal'y-coid. [Calycoi'des ; from ca'- 
 lyx, and fufos, a “form.”] Resembling a 
 calyx. 
 
 C$-Iyc'ti-late. [Calycula'tus; from 
 
 cafyc'ulu8.\ Having cafyculi. 
 
 Ca-lyc'u-lus,* plural Ca-lyc'n-Ii. 
 [The diminutive of ca'lyx .] The mem- 
 branous margin surrounding the apex 
 of a seed ; also, a little calyx exterior to 
 a proper one. 
 
 Ca-lyp'tra,* plural Ca-Iyp'trie. 
 
 [Gr. Kn\viTTpa, a “veil;” from koXvtttio, tc 
 “cover.”] A membranous covering over 
 the antherse in mosses ; also, the proper 
 
CAL 
 
 CAN 
 
 covering or coat of the seed, which falls 
 off spontaneously. 
 
 Ca-lj^p-tra'tus.* [From calyp'tra , 
 the “veil of mosses.”] Having calyp- 
 trse: calyp'trate. 
 
 Ca'Ijfx,* plural Cal'j^es. [Gr. 
 kjl\'>c, a “covering,” the “cup of a flow- 
 er.”] A membranous cup or sac sur- 
 rounding one or two of the papillae of 
 the kidney. See Calyces. Applied in 
 Botany to the flower-cup, or empale- 
 ments which cover the flower, for the 
 most part green and surrounding the 
 corolla. Also the Physiological name 
 of the very vascular capsule enclosing 
 the vesicle, or yelk, formed of the three 
 layers of the ovarium. 
 
 Cam'M-um.* [Probably from cam'- 
 bioy to “change.”] A glutinous fluid 
 between the bark and alburnum of trees, 
 supposed by some physiologists to fur- 
 nish the material out of which the new 
 wood is formed. 
 
 €am*bo'gi>a. $ The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (British Ph.) of gamboge ( yam - 
 boyia), obtained from an undetermined 
 tree. 
 
 Cam'e-ra,* plural Cam'e-rae. [From 
 Kaa toa, an “upper gallery.”] In the 
 plural, the anterior and posterior cham- 
 bers of the eye. 
 
 Cam-pa'na.* [From Campa'nia, in 
 Italy, where they were first used in 
 churches.] A bell. Applied in Che- 
 mistry to a dish or cover shaped like a 
 bell, employed in making sulphuric acid. 
 
 Cam panacea V* kam-pa-na'she-us. 
 [From campa'na .] Like a bell. Applie l 
 in the plural feminine (Campanacem, 
 kam-pa-na'she-e) to an order in Lin- 
 naeus’s Natural method: campana'ceous. 
 
 Cam^pan l-forin. [Caaipanifar - 
 mis; fr >m campa'na , a “bell.”] Formed 
 like a bell. 
 
 Camp aa ill acsse,* kam-pan'u-la'- 
 she-e, or Caixi-pan'n-lse.* [From 
 G impin' ula, the name of one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of herbaceous 
 plants, found in temper ite climates, and 
 prized for the beauty of the flowers. 
 
 Cain~pan-u-la'cet>iis. [Campami- 
 la'ceus; from campanula , a “little 
 bell;” also the “bell-flower.”] Having 
 an arrangement as in the Campanula. 
 See Campanulace,e. 
 
 Cam-paa'a-late. [Campamila'- 
 tus; fr >m campan'ula , a “little bell.”] 
 Like a little bell. 
 
 CampeacSiy Wood. See II.lma- 
 Toxylum. 
 
 Camphene, or Camphine, kam- 
 
 y* 
 
 fen'. [From cam'phora.] A substance 
 procured from common turpentine; with 
 an equivalent of oxygen it forms cam- 
 phor; also called Cam'phogen (t.e. “pro- 
 ducing camphor”). 
 
 Cain'pho-ra.* [Gr. Ka/Mpo^pn, “cam- 
 phor.”] The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
 “ a peculiar concreto substance derived 
 from Camphora ojfficinarum and purified 
 by sublimation” (U.S. Ph., 18G0). The 
 effect of camphor in moderate doses is 
 to allay nervous irritation ; but in over- 
 doses it is poisonous and may produce 
 death. 
 
 Cam'phcra Of-fi?-I-na'rum. :i: The 
 
 plant which yields the officinal camphor. 
 
 Cantu 'pho-rse Flo'res.* (“Flowers 
 of Camphor.”) A name sometimes given 
 to sublimated camphor. 
 
 Cam 'plio- rate. [Cam'phoras,adi8.] 
 A combination of camphoric acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Cam'ptio-rat-ed. [Camphora'tus ; 
 
 from cam'phora .] Having camphor, or 
 combined with camphor. 
 
 Cam-phor'ic. [Camphor'icus ; 
 
 from cam'phoray “camphor.”] Belong- 
 ing to camphor. Applied to an acid 
 obtained from camphor. 
 
 Camp-Vin'e-goir is prepared as fol- 
 lows. Steep in the best vinegar for a 
 month one drachm of cayenne pepper, 
 two tablespoonfuls of soy, and four of 
 walnut ketchup, six anchovies chopped, 
 and a small clove of garlic minced fine. 
 Shake it frequently, strain through a 
 tamis, and keep it well corked in small 
 bottles. 
 
 Cam-py-lot'ro-pous. [From Kap - 
 nv\og, “curved,” and rpe nco, to “turn.”] 
 A term applied to the ovule of plants, 
 when its axis, instead of remaining rec- 
 tilinear, is curved down upon itself, the 
 base of the nucleus still continuing to 
 be contiguous to the hilum. 
 
 Cam wood. A red dye-wood, prin- 
 cipally obtained from the vicinity of 
 Sierra Leone. 
 
 Ca-n&l'. [From cana'lis, a “channel,” 
 or “pipe.”] Applied in Anatomy to any 
 passage in the body. 
 
 Canal of Fonta'na. A minute vas- 
 cular canal situated within the ciliary 
 ligament, and so named from its disco- 
 verer. It is also termed the ciliary 
 canal. 
 
 Canal of Petit (peh-t&'). A trian- 
 gular canal situated immediately around 
 the circumference of the crystalline lens : 
 so named from its discoverer. When 
 distended with air or size-injection, it 
 97 
 
CAN 
 
 CAN 
 
 presents a, plaited appearance, and has 
 hence been called by the French canal 
 godronne. 
 
 Can-a-lic-u-la'tus.* [From cana- 
 lic’ulus.\ Having a little canal or 
 channel: channelled ; canalic'ulated. 
 
 Can-a-lic'u-li,* the plural of €an> 
 a-lic'u-lus. The name given by Mor- 
 gagni to some large lacunae which secrete 
 mucus in the canal of the urethra. 
 
 Can-a-lic'u-lus.* [The diminutive 
 of cana'lis.] A small channel or vessel. 
 
 Ca-ma'lis,* plural Ca-na'Ies. [From 
 can'na , a " hollow reed.”] A canal, or 
 channel. Applied to blood-vessels, cavi- 
 ties, etc. See Alveus. 
 
 Cana'lis Ar-te-ri-o'sus.* (" Ar- 
 terial Canal.”) A blood-vessel which 
 unites the pulmonary artery and aorta 
 in the foetus. 
 
 Cana'lis Ye-no'sus.* ("Venous 
 Canal.”) A canal which conveys the 
 blood from the venae portae of the liver 
 to the ascending vena cava in the 
 foetus. 
 
 Can-cel-la 'tus.* [From cancel’ll .] 
 Having, a latticed appearance : cancel- 
 lated. 
 
 Can-cel 'I i,* gen. Cancello'rum. 
 
 Lattices : minute divisions in the reticu- 
 lated structure of bones. 
 
 Can'cer,* gen. Cam'cri, .or Can'- 
 cer-is. A crab. A genus of Crustacea 
 Malacostraca. 
 
 Cancer.* [Literally, a "crab,” the 
 turgid veins around it being supposed 
 to resemble a crab’s claws.] A painful 
 scirrhous tumor, terminating in a fatal 
 ulcer. See Carcinoma. 
 
 Can'cer As'ta-cus.* The craw -fish, 
 affording the Lapilli cancrorum, or 
 crabs’ eyes. 
 
 Caa'cer Mun-di-to'rnnm.* (" Chim- 
 ney-Sweeper’s Cancer.”) See Cancer 
 Scroti. 
 
 Can'cer Pa-gu'rns.* The crab-fish, 
 affording the Chelae cancrorum , or crabs’ 
 claws. 
 
 Can'cer Scro'ti.* ("Cancer of the 
 Scrotum”), called also Chimney-Sweep- 
 er’s Cancer ( Can’cer Mundito’ rum). A 
 form of cancer to which chimney-sweep- 
 ers are especially exposed, on account 
 of the irritating effects of soot. 
 
 Can'cri,* gen. Can-cro'rum. The 
 plural of can’cer, a "crab.” 
 
 Can'croid. [Cancroi'des ; from 
 can'cer, and eiiog, a "form.”] Resem- 
 bling cancer. 
 
 Cancroide, koN°'kro'£d'. The French 
 form of the preceding term. 
 
 93 
 
 Can-cro'rum [see Cancri] Che'lae.* 
 (" Crabs’ Claws.”) The claws of the 
 Cancer pagurus, the black-clawed, or 
 large, edible crab : these, when prepared 
 by grinding, constitute the prepared 
 crabs’ claws of the shops, formerly used 
 to correct acidity in the stomach and 
 bowels. 
 
 Cancrorum I^a-pil'li* ("Crabs’ 
 Stones”), and Cancro'rum Oc'u-li* 
 
 (" Crabs’ Eyes”), are used for the same 
 purposes as the preceding. 
 
 Can'crum.* Low Latin for "can- 
 ker.” It appears to be used only in the 
 following phrase. 
 
 Can'cruan O'ris.* ("Canker of the 
 Mouth.”) A deep, foul, fetid, irregu- 
 lar ulcer inside the lips and cheeks : ottcii 
 attended with a discharge of blood. 
 
 Can'dle-Tree Oil. A solid oil ob- 
 tained from the seed of the Croton sebife- 
 rum, or Candle- tree, a native of China. 
 It is used by the Chinese for making 
 candles. 
 
 Ca-nel'la.* [From can’na, a "reed.”] 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Dodecan- 
 dria, natural order Meliaceae. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name for the bark of 
 Canella alba; the Canellse albae cortex 
 of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Canel'la Al ba.* (" White Canella.”) 
 The laurel-leaved canella, yielding a 
 bark somewhat resembling cinnamon. 
 
 Ca-nic-u-la'ris.* [From canic’ula, 
 a "little dog,” the "dog-star.”] Ap- 
 plied to the hottest days of the year, the 
 Di’es canicula’ res, or dog-days. 
 
 Can'ine. [Cani'nus; from ca’nis, 
 a "dog.”] Belonging to the dog. 
 
 Canine Appetite. See Bulimia. 
 
 Canine Madness. See Hydropho- 
 bia. 
 
 Can'iaie Teeth. [Ben'tesCani'ni 
 or Cuspida'ti.] Eye-teeth; the four 
 teeth which immediately adjoin the in- 
 cisors. 
 
 Ca-ni'nus Mus'cu-lus,* or Can'ine 
 Mus'cle. The Levator angnli oris. 
 
 Cani'nus Ri'sus.* (" Canine laugh.”) 
 An involuntary or spasmodic contraction 
 of the canine muscle, causing what is 
 popularly known ns a sardonic laugh. 
 
 Cani'nus Spas'mus.* The Spasmus 
 cynicus. 
 
 Canities,* ka-nish'e-ez. [From ca'- 
 nii9, "gray-haired.”] Grayness of the 
 hair. 
 
 Can'na, or Can'na Starch. The 
 
 fecula prepared from the rhizoma of an 
 undetermined species of canna, and used 
 for the same purpose as arrow-root- 
 
CAN 
 
 CAP 
 
 Cannal>inacese,*kan-na-be-na'she-e, 
 or Can-na-foin'e-se.* [From Can'nabis, 
 “ hemp.”] A natural order of herbaceous 
 plants, including the hemp and hop, 
 which have narcotic and intoxicating 
 properties. 
 
 Can'iia-bfaie. [Cannabi'na ; from 
 Can' nabis, “hemp.”] A resin extracted 
 from the Cannabis Jndica. 
 
 Can'na-bis.* [Gr. KawaStg.] A Lin- 
 nsean genus of the class Dioecia, natural 
 order Cannabinacete (formerly assigned 
 to Urticacese). Hemp. 
 
 Can'nabis In'dI-ca.* (“Indian 
 Hemp.”) A kind of hemp well known 
 in South America, Turkey, Asia Minor, 
 India, etc., the leaves of which furnish 
 an intoxicating drug called Bhang, or 
 Bang, or Bangue, among the Hindoos, 
 Hashish by the Arabs, Maslach by the 
 Turks, and among the Hottentots Dacha. 
 It is supposed to be merely a variety of 
 the common hemp, or Cannabis sativa. 
 
 Can'nabis Sa-ti'va.* (Fr. Chanvre , 
 shoNvr.) The systematic name of com- 
 mon hemp. See preceding article. 
 
 Can 'use,* the plural of Can’na , a 
 “reed,” forming the Jussieuan name of 
 an order of plants. See Zingiberace.e 
 or Marantace.e. 
 
 Can'nel Coal. A bituminous sub- 
 stance which yields on combustion a 
 bright flame without smoke. The term 
 is probably a corruption of candle coal , 
 in allusion to its illuminating properties. 
 
 Can 'mi- la.* [The diminutive of 
 can'na, a “reed.”] A tubular surgical 
 instrument, introduced by means of a 
 stilette into a cavity or tumor, for draw- 
 ing off fluid. 
 
 Can-th&r'i-des.* The plural of 
 Cantharis, which see. 
 
 Can-tbar'i-din. [Cantfaaridi'na; 
 
 from can'tharis, the “Spanish flv.”] A 
 peculiar substance in Cantharides, on 
 which their vesicating quality depends. 
 
 Can'tlia-ris,* plural Can-thar'i- 
 des. [From KivOapo ;, a “beetle”] The 
 Pharmacopoeial name |] of the blistering- 
 fly ; the Can’tharis vesicato' ria ; called 
 also the Mus'ca Hispanio'la (“Spanish 
 fly”), Lyt'ta vesicato' ria, and Mel'oe vesi- 
 cato' r ins. 
 
 Cantharis Vesieatoria. See pre- 
 ceding article. 
 
 Can-ttii'tis.* [From can’ thus.'] In- 
 flammation of one or both canthi, 
 
 Can'tlio-plas-ty. [Cantboplas'- 
 tia; from savdos, the “angle of the eve,” 
 and TrX'io-crro, to “form.”] The operation 
 of transplanting a portion of the con- 
 
 junctiva of the eyeball to the external 
 canthns of the eyelids. 
 
 Can' thus,* plural Can 'thi. [Gr. sav- 
 0df.] The angle formed by the junction 
 of the eyelids; the internal being the 
 greater, the external the lesser , canthns. 
 
 Can 'ton’s Phos'pho-rus. A sub- 
 stance made by exposing calcined oyster- 
 shells and sulphur to a red heat. On 
 exposure to the air it acquires the pro- 
 perty of shining in the dark. 
 
 Canula. See Cannula. 
 
 Caoutchouc,* koo'chook, or kn-oo'- 
 chook. Elastic gum, or India rubber; 
 Ihc concrete juice of the Hserea Caout- 
 chouc, Jatropa elastica, Ficus Jndica , 
 and Artocarpus integrifolia. 
 
 Caoutchoucin, koo'choo-sin. 
 
 [Caoutcliouci'na.] The principle on 
 which the properties of caoutchouc de- 
 pend. 
 
 Cap. = Ca’pe* “take,” or Ca'piat , 
 “let him take/* 
 
 Ca pers. The pickled buds of the 
 Cap' paris spino'sa, a low shrub growing 
 out of the joints of old walls and the 
 fissures of rocks in Southern Europe and 
 in Syria. 
 
 Capillaire, kft'p^riam'. [From Ca- 
 pil'lus Ven'eris, “Venus’s hair.”] A 
 syrup made with sugar or honey from 
 the fern termed Adian'tum capil’lus Ven'- 
 eris (pop ilarly known as “Maiden’s- 
 hair”). The name is also sometimes 
 given to other syrups made in imitation 
 of the above. Capillaire is employed as 
 a demulcent in couphs. 
 
 Cap'il-la-r5 r . [Capilla'ris ; from 
 capil'ius , “hair.”] Resembling a hair 
 in size. Applied to the minute ramifica- 
 tions of arteries terminating on the sur- 
 faces of the body, etc., — in other words, 
 to the vessels which intervene between 
 the minute arteries and veins; often 
 called capillaries. 
 
 Cap-al-lic'w-liis,* plural Cap-il-lie'- 
 
 u-li. [Diminutive of capil’lus, the 
 “hair.”] Applied in Anatomy to the 
 arterial and venous radicles pervading, 
 more minutely than the capillaries, the 
 ultimate elements of every organ. 
 
 Cap-il-li-fo'li-ous. [Capillifo- 
 lius; from capil'ius, “hair,” and fo'lium, 
 a “leaf.”] Having hair-like leaves. 
 
 Ca-pil'If-forin. [Capillifor'mis ; 
 from capil'ius, “ hair.”] Formed like hair. 
 
 Ca-pis'trum.* [From ca'pio , to 
 “take.”] Literally, a “bridle.” The 
 single split-cloth bandage; so called 
 from its being used to support the lower 
 jaw like a bridle. 
 
 99 
 
CAP 
 
 CAP 
 
 Cap'i-ta,* gen. Cap'i-tnm, the plu- 
 ral of Caput, which see. 
 
 Cap'I-tal. [i-apitii'lis: from ca'put, 
 the “head” or “life.”] Belonging to 
 the head or life, — and, hence, of great or 
 vital importance. The upper part of an 
 alembic. Applied in the plural neuter 
 to medicines for the head, — Capita'lia 
 medicamen'ta. Also applied in Surgery 
 to the more important operations. 
 
 €ap'i-tate. [Capita' tus; from ca'- 
 put , a “head.”] Growing in heads; a 
 term used in Botany. 
 
 Capitellatus. The same as Capitu- 
 late. 
 
 Capi-tl-Iu' vi-iini.* [From ca'put, 
 the “head,” and lu'o , to “wash.”] A 
 bath for the head. 
 
 Cap'i-tis,* the genitive of Ca'put , the 
 “head.” 
 
 Ca-pit'u-Iate, or Ca-pit'u-Iat-ecI. 
 
 [Capftula'tus.] Having a capitulum , 
 or knob on the top. 
 
 Ca-pit' ii-limn.* [The diminutive of 
 ca'put.] A little head, or knob. A pro- 
 tuberance of bone received into a hollow 
 portion of another bone. A kind of in- 
 florescence consisting of a number of 
 flowers in a globular form on a common 
 peduncle. An alembic. 
 
 Capivi Oil. See Copaiba. 
 
 Cap' no-111 or.* [From Ktmvog, 
 
 “smoke,” and pupa , “part;” so called 
 from its being one of the ingredients of 
 smoke.] A colorless, transparent liquid, 
 — the oily ingredient in tar which can 
 dissolve caoutchouc. It occurs along 
 with creasote in the heavy oil of tar. 
 
 Capparidaceze,*kap-par-e-da'she-e. 
 A natural order of plants, including the 
 Cap'paris (caper). They have all a 
 strong pungent, or even acrid, taste, 
 and have been used as a substitute for 
 mustard. Some of them are poisonous. 
 
 Cap- pa-rid 'e-se,* the Jussieuan 
 name of a natural order of plants. See 
 Cappakidace,*:. 
 
 Cap'rate. [Ca'pras, a'tu?.] A com- 
 bination of capric acid with a base. 
 
 Ca-pre'o-late, Ca-pre'o-la-ry. [Ca- 
 preola'tus, Capreola'ris; from ca- 
 pre’olm , a “tendril.”] Applied to the 
 spermatic vessels, or Vasa capreolaria, 
 from their twisted appearance. 
 
 Cap'rie A^'id. [From cap'ra, a 
 “she-goat.”] A volatile acid, a con- 
 stituent of butter from the milk of the 
 goat or cow. 
 
 Cap'ri-dse.* [From ca'per , a “goat.”] 
 A family of animals of which the goat 
 is the type. 
 
 100 
 
 Cap-ri-fo'Ii-a,* the plural of Capri - 
 f o' liwn , the “honeysuckle,” forming the 
 Jussieuan name of a natural order of 
 plants. See Caprifoliace^e. 
 
 Caprifbliaceae,* kap-re-fo-le-a'- 
 she-e. [From Capri/o' Hum , the “ honey- 
 suckle.”] A natural order of plants, 
 comprising the honeysuckle, elder a id 
 viburnum. The leaves of the elder are 
 emetic and cathartic; and these proper- 
 ties are possessed in some degree by 
 most of the genera of this order. 
 
 Cap'ro-ate. [Cap'roati, a'fi#.] A 
 combination of caproic acid with a base. 
 
 Ca^pro'ic A$'id. [Capro'icuni 
 A$'idum; probably from cap'ra , a 
 “she-goat,” the milk of which is often 
 used in making butter.] An oily, limpid 
 liquid, obtained from the caproate of 
 baryta, and entering into the constitu- 
 tion of butter. 
 
 Cap'si-£in. An acrid, soft resin, 
 obtained by digesting the alcoholic ex- 
 tract of the Capsicum aumium in ether 
 and evaporating the etherial solution. 
 
 Cap'si-cwm.* [From Kdnro, to “de- 
 vour,” to “ bite.”] A Linnaean genus of 
 the class Pentandria , natural order So- 
 lanacesc. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 |[ of the capsules and seeds of Capsicum 
 annuum , and other species of capsicum. 
 
 Capsicum is a powerful stimulant 
 without any narcotic effect. Whether 
 taken into the stomach or applied ex- 
 ternally, it causes a decided sense of 
 heat or burning; but its influence upon 
 the general system bears no proportion 
 to its local action. Capsicum is chiefly 
 used in medicine as a stomachic and 
 rubefacient. 
 
 Capsicum Aii'nii-tim.* The Cap- 
 sicum, Cayenne, or Guinea-pepper plant. 
 
 Capsicum Fru-tgs'$ens.* The 
 
 species which yields the capsules mostly 
 sold as Guinea pepper and bird pepper. 
 
 Cap'sn-la.* [Diminutive of cap'sa , 
 a “box.”] A capsule. A membranous 
 bag, containing some part, or organ, or 
 the extremities of bones forming a joint. 
 A membranous pericarp which splits in 
 a determinate manner. 
 
 Cap'su-lar lagiMiienf. [Liffa- 
 men'tiiiu Capsula'rc*. ] A kind of liga- 
 mentous bag surrounding every movable 
 articulation, and containing the synnriu. 
 
 Capsule of Glisson. See Glisson, 
 Capsule of. 
 
 Cap'sule, Re'nal. The Renal Cap- 
 sules ( Cap’snlec rena'les) are two yellow- 
 ish, triangular and flattene 1 bodies, lying 
 over the kidneys in the foetus, in which 
 
CAP 
 
 CAR 
 
 they are as large as the kidneys them- 
 selves. In the adult they are two lobes. 
 Called, also, supra-renal capsules. 
 
 Cap-su-lif 'er-ous. [Capsulif'er- 
 
 us; from cap' aula, a “ capsule,” and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”] Containing capsules. 
 
 Cap-sai-li'tis, i dU.* [From cajy'nula, 
 a “ capsule.”] Inflammation of the cap- 
 sule of the eye. 
 
 Ca'put,* gen. Cap'I-tis. The head, 
 consisting of the cranium, or skull, and 
 the face. Also applied to any prominent 
 object like a head. 
 
 Ca'put Co'li.* The “head of the 
 colon,” — that is, the Caecum. 
 
 C'a'psit Gal-li-nagr'X-nis.* The IV- 
 ru monta'num, or prominent fold of the 
 lining membrane in the prostatic portion 
 of the urethra. 
 
 Caramel, ka'ra'mel'. The French 
 name for sugar partly decomposed by 
 the action of heat. 
 
 Car'a-pace. Applied in Zoology to 
 the hard covering or shell on the upper 
 part of the body of the Chelonia. 
 
 C&r'a-way. The Carum carni. 
 
 Car'bo Anima'lis.* (“Animal Char- 
 coal.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for animal charcoal prepared from 
 bone. See Cakbon, Animal. 
 
 Car'bo Iag'ni.* (“Charcoal of 
 Wood.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
 charcoal. 
 
 Car'bon. [Carbo'nium; from 
 car'bo, a “coal.”] The basis of char- 
 coal; also, charcoal itself. Carbon is 
 found pure in the diamond. 
 
 Car'bon, An'X-nial. Animal char- 
 coal, bone charcoal, and ivory -black, are 
 names applied to bones calcined or con- 
 verted into charcoal in a close vessel. 
 Animal charcoal is also prepared by cal- 
 cining dried blood, horns, hoofs, clip- 
 pings of hides, etc., in contact with 
 carbonate of potash, and washing the 
 calcined mass afterwards with water. 
 Animal charcoal is principally used to 
 decolorize vegetable principles, such as 
 gallic acid, quinia, veratria, etc. 
 
 Oar'bon, Min'e-ral. A term ap- 
 plied to charcoal with various propor- 
 tions of earth and iron, without bitu- 
 men. It has a silky lustre, and the 
 fibrous texture of wood. It occurs 
 stratified with various kinds of coal. 
 
 Car-bo-na'ceous. [Carbona'ceus ; 
 from car'bo, “coal,” “carbon.”] Of the 
 nature of carbon. 
 
 Car'bo-nate. [Carbo'nas, a 'ft*/ 
 from the same.] A combination of car- 
 bonic acid with a base. 
 
 Car-bon'iic A^'ld. [Carbon'icum 
 
 Acidiim; from car'bo, “coal.”] An 
 acid formed in the burning of charcoal, 
 and very abundant in nature, composing 
 0.44 of the weight of limestone, marble, 
 etc. In the form of carbonic acid gaa 
 it constitutes a small proportion of atmo- 
 spheric air. It is often found in mines, 
 dry wells, etc. When unmixed or nearly 
 so (as it frequently is in mines, and in 
 ill-ventilated rooms where charcoal is 
 burning), breathing it proves extremely 
 deleterious, and often fatal to animal life. 
 See Choke-Damp, and Poisons. 
 
 Carbon 'ic Ox file. A colorless gas, 
 formed when carbon is burned with an 
 imperfect supply of oxygen. 
 
 Car-bo-nif 'er-ons. [Carbon if 'cr- 
 us? from car'bo, “coal,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Having or containing coal. 
 
 Car-bon-i-za'tikm. [Carboniza'- 
 tio, o 'ni8; from car'bon.'] The process 
 of converting organic substances into 
 charcoal. 
 
 Car'bun-cle. [Carbnn'cnlus; the 
 
 diminutive of car'bo, “coal.”] The name 
 of a gem of a deep bright-red color. 
 Applied in Surgery to an inflammation 
 of a gangrenous nature attended with a 
 severe sense of burning. The same a» 
 Anthrax. 
 
 Car'bu-ret. [Carbnre'tum : from 
 car'bon.] The combination of carbon 
 with another substance. 
 
 Car' bn- ret- ted. [From carbnre'tum , 
 a “carburet.”] Of the nature of a car- 
 buret. 
 
 Car'buretted Hy'dro-gen. A 
 
 colorless, inflammable gas, abundantly 
 formed in nature in stagnant pools, 
 wherever vegetables are undergoing the 
 process of putrefaction : it also forms the 
 greater part of the gas obtained from coal. 
 Of this gas there are two kinds: the one 
 termed light earburetted hydrogen is 
 found abundantly in some coal-mines, 
 where, under the name of fire-damp, it 
 was the cause of those terrible explosions 
 which were so common before the inven- 
 tion of the safety-lamp by Davy. The 
 other kind, called heavy earburetted hy- 
 drogen or olefiant gas, forms the essential 
 part of the gas used to light our streets. 
 
 Car-^a-no'ma, n'tis * [From KapKivog, 
 an “eating ulcer.”] A name for cancer. 
 
 Car-$fl-nom'a-toiis. [Carcinom 'fe- 
 tus; from carcino'ma.] Belonging to 
 carcinoma. 
 
 Car-dam i-ne Pra-ten'sis.* The 
 
 cuckoo flower, which yields cardamine 
 flowers; the Nastur'tium aquat'icnm. 
 
 101 
 
f5 AR 
 
 CAR 
 
 Car((a*mom„ [Carclamo'imim.] 
 
 The fruit of several species of Elettaria 
 and Amomum, the capsules of which fur- 
 nish a warm and pleasant aromatic. 
 
 Car'di-a.* [Gr. Kapdia.] The heart; 
 also the superior opening of the stomach. 
 
 Car’di-ac. [Cardi'acus ; from car'- 
 dia .] Belonging to the heart. Applied 
 to the superior opening of the stomach. 
 Also applied to invigorating medicines. 
 
 Car'di-ac Plex'us. [Plex'us Car- 
 di'acus.] The principal cardiac plexus 
 is situated on the bifurcation of the 
 trachea. It is formed by the meeting 
 of the middle and inferior cardiac nerves. 
 There are two other cardiac plexuses, — 
 the one termed anterior , and the other 
 posterior — situated respectively before 
 and behind the ascending aorta, near 
 its origin. 
 
 Car-di'a-g*ra.* [From Kapha, and aypa , 
 a “seizure.”] Pain or gout of the heart. 
 
 Car-di-al'gi-a.* [From Kapha, the 
 “heart,” and «A yog, “pain.”] An uneasy 
 or painful sensation in the stomach; 
 heart-burn : car'dialgy. 
 
 Cardianastrojdie. See Ectopia 
 Cordis. 
 
 Car-di-ec'ta-sis.* [From Kapha, the 
 “heart,” and eKraaig, “extension” or 
 “dilatation.”] Dilatation of the heart. 
 
 Car'di-o-^ele.* [From Kapha, and 
 Kri\rj, a “tumor.”] The protrusion of the 
 heart through a wound of the diaphragm. 
 
 Cardi-o-dyn'i-a,* [From car'dia, 
 and dhvrj, “pain.”] Pain in the heart. 
 See Cardiagra. 
 
 Car-di-og ' in us,* or Kar-dl-og'- 
 mos. 5 Another term for cardialgia. 
 Sometimes applied to palpitation of the 
 heart and to Angi'na pec' tori*. 
 
 Car-di-o-pal'mus,* [From Kapha, 
 the “heart,” and iraXpLog, “palpitation.”] 
 See Caroiotromus. 
 
 Cardi-o-per-i-car-di'tis, idis* 
 [From car'dia, and pericardi'tis.] In- 
 flammation of the heart and pericardium. 
 Cardiorhexis,*kar'de-o-rex'is. [From 
 Kapha, the “heart,” and a “break- 
 
 ing” or “laceration.”] Rupture of the 
 heart. 
 
 Car-di-ot'ro-mus.* [From Kapha , 
 the “heart,” and rpdpog , a “trembling.”] 
 Fluttering of the heart. 
 
 Car-di'tis.* [From Kapha, the “heart.”] 
 Inflammation of the heart. A genus of 
 the order Phlegmasise, class Pyrexise, of 
 Cullen's Nosology. 
 
 Car 'do,* gen. Car'di-nis. A hinere. 
 Applied in Anatomy to the articulation 
 called Qinglymus . 
 
 102 
 
 Caribean Bark. See Bark, Cari- 
 
 BEAN. 
 
 Car'I-ca Pa-pa 'y a.* The Papaw- 
 tree ; the milky juice of which contains 
 an abundance of fibrin resembling animal 
 matter. 
 
 Car'I-^se Fruc'tus.* The preserved 
 fruit of the fig. See Ficus Carica. 
 
 Ca'ri-es.* (Literally, “rottenness.”) 
 A disease of bones, analogous to ulcera- 
 tion of the soft parts. 
 
 Ca-ri'na.* (Literally, the “keel of a 
 ship.”) Applied in Botany to the lower 
 pet'tl ( f the papilionaceous corolla. 
 
 Car a-nate, or Car'I-nat-ed. [Cari- 
 na'tcis; from cari'na.'] Keel-shaped. 
 Applied to leaves, petals, etc. 
 
 Ca'ri-ous. [Cario'sus; from ca'ries.] 
 Having, or affected with, caries. 
 
 Car-min 'a-tive. [Carmintati'vus : 
 fiom car' men, a “song” or “charm.”] 
 Applied to medicines which assuage 
 pain and relieve flatulence. 
 
 Car'mine. A most beautiful color- 
 ing matter or pigment, prepared from 
 cochineal combined with alumina and 
 the oxide of tin ; also called Coccinel- 
 lin. 
 
 Carneae Columnar. See Columns 
 
 Carne^e. 
 
 Car'ne-us.* [From ca'ro, car'nis , 
 “flesh,” “fleshy.”] Belonging to flesh: 
 car'neous. See Carnosus. 
 
 Car-ni-f ! i-ca' tion. [Carnifica' tio, 
 o'nis; from ca'ro, “flesh,” and fi'o, to 
 “become.”] The change of any texture 
 of the animal body into flesh. The term 
 has been applied by Laennec to a diseased 
 condition of the lungs when they have 
 become converted into a substance re- 
 sembling muscular flesh. 
 
 Car-m-for'mis.* [From ca'ro , 
 
 “flesh.”] Resembling flesh. 
 
 Car-niv'o-ra.* [From ca'ro, “flesh,” 
 and vo'ro, to “ devour.”] A term applied 
 to animals which feed upon flesh ; more 
 especially to that tribe of the Mammalia, 
 such as the wolf, lion, etc., whose teeth 
 are peculiarly adapted for seizing and 
 destroying living animals. 
 
 Car-niv'o-rous. [Carnlv'orits ; 
 from the same.] Flesh -devouring, or 
 feeding on flesh. 
 
 Car-no 'sms.* [From ca'ro , “flesh.”] 
 Fleshy ; full of flesh : car'nose. Applied 
 in the plural to an order of Polypi. 
 
 Ca'ro,* gen. Car'nis. The red fibrous 
 part, or belly, of muscles ; the flesh. Also 
 the soft portion of fruits. 
 
 Car-o-ll'na Pink. The Spigelia 
 Marilandica. 
 
CAR 
 
 CAR 
 
 Caroncnle, k&'nW'kuP. The French 
 term for Caruncula, which see. 
 
 Ca-ro't^u* The Pharmacopoeia! name 
 (Lond. and U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
 the carrot (Dau'cus caro'ta). 
 
 Cay-rot'i-cus.* [From Kapoo, to “stu- 
 pefy.”] Having power to stupefy : ca- 
 rot'id. Applied in the plural neuter 
 (Carot'ica) to narcotics. 
 
 Ca-rot'M. [Caro'tis, Id is; from 
 icapou, to “stupefy.”] Applied to an 
 artery on each side of the neck, carrying 
 blood to the head. They were so named 
 from an idea that tying them would pro- 
 duce coma. 
 
 Car'o-tin. [Carot'inaa; from ca- 
 ro'ta .] A peculiar crystalline principle 
 of the carrot, or Daucus carota. 
 
 Car' pal. [Carpa'lis.] Belonging 
 to the carpus, or wrist. 
 
 Car' pel. [Carpel li um, or Car- 
 pel'lum: from Kapxog, “fruit.”] Ap- 
 plied in Botany to a simple pistil, or to 
 one of the elements of a compound pistil. 
 —(Gray.) 
 
 Car-pliol'o-gy. [Carptiolo'gia; 
 
 from k dptbug, “chaff,” and Xiyco, to “col- 
 lect.”] The movements of delirious pa- 
 tients in searching for or grasping at 
 imaginary objects, picking the bed- 
 clothes, etc.: floccilation. It is consi- 
 dered a very unfavorable symptom in 
 fevers. 
 
 Car-pol'o-gy. [Carpolo'gia; from 
 Kapxog, “fruit,” and Xoyog, a “discourse.”] 
 A description of fruits or seeds : that 
 part of Botany which treats of the fruits 
 or seeds of plants. 
 
 Car-pot'i-eus.* [From*a/>7rdf, “fruit,” 
 “offspring.”] Applied in the plural 
 neuter ( Carpot'ica ) to an order of Dr. 
 Good’s class Genet ica, or diseases affect- 
 ing impregnation : carpot'ic. 
 
 Car'pns.* [Gr. >cap7r<%.] The Latin 
 term for the Wrist, which see. 
 
 Car'ra-geen Moss, Car'ra-gheen 
 Moss. A species of moss, or sea-weed, 
 found on the rocks and shores of North- 
 ern Europe, and in Carragheen, near 
 Waterford, Ireland. 
 
 Car-ra-gee'nin. The name given 
 by Dr. Pereira to the mucilaginous mat- 
 ter called by some writers vegetable jelly , 
 by others pectin. 
 
 Carrara '(kar-ra/rS,) Wa'ter. The 
 name of a liquid prepared in imitation 
 of the qualities of certain springs of 
 Carrara, in Italy, famous for its marble- 
 quarries. 
 
 Car'ron Oil. So called because used 
 at the Carron Iron- Works, in Scotland. 
 
 The Linimentnm Aquae Catcis, or Lini- 
 mentum Calcis, which see. 
 
 Car'tha-min, Car'ttia-mine, or 
 Car'tham-ic A^'id. A red coloring 
 matter obtained from safflower. 
 
 Car'tha-mus Tinc-to rl-us. The 
 safflower, or bastard saffron. A plant 
 of the order Composite ; the flowers are 
 used by dyers. The seeds are cathartic 
 and diuretic. 
 
 far'tl-lage. [Cartila'go, inis. As 
 if Ca milage, from ca'ro, “flesh,” and 
 a’ go, to “yield.”] A pearly white, glis- 
 tening, elastic, uniform substance, ad- 
 hering to articular surfaces of bones. 
 
 far-ti-lag'i-nous, or Car-ti-la- 
 gin'e-oiis. [Cartiillug'iii'eus, or Car* 
 tilagino'sus.] Of the nature of car- 
 tilage. Applied in Botany to leaves 
 having a hard margin of different sub- 
 stance from the disk. 
 
 C&r'n-i.* The Pharmacopoeia! name 
 (British Ph.) for the fruit of the Ca’rum 
 ca : 'ui. 
 
 Ca'rnmj [From the Arabic Carvi , 
 or Car via . ] A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Peutandria, natural order Umbelli- 
 ferse. Also the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the fruit of the Carum 
 carui. 
 
 (arnm Car'u-i.* The caraway 
 plant. 
 
 Ca-rnn'cn-la,^ plural Ca- run 'eu- 
 
 la*. [Diminutive of ca'ro, “flesh.”] A 
 little fleshy excrescence : a car'uncle. 
 
 Caruii'cula Laeh-ry*ma'lis. :: [Fr. 
 Caroncule lacrymale, kAr6N G 'kiil' l&'kre'- 
 m&l'.] The small, red body situated in 
 the inner angle of the eye. 
 
 Ca-riin'cu-He Myr-ti-for'mes.* 
 The remnants of the lacerated hymen , 
 two, three, or four in number. 
 
 Ca'rus.* [Gr. tedpog .] A deep, heavy 
 sleep : lethargy. 
 
 Caryophyllaceae,* kar-e-of-il-la'- 
 she-e. A natural order of plants, in- 
 cluding the Dianthus , carnation, and 
 pink, and many weeds. Named from 
 Caryophyllus, the specific name of the 
 carnation or clove-pink. 
 
 Cary optiyl lata. & [From caryo- 
 phyVlus, the “clove-tree.”] See Geum 
 Urbanum. 
 
 Car-y-o-pliyl'le-se.* The Jussieuan 
 name of an order of plants. See Cary- 
 OPHYLL ACE AS. 
 
 Car-y-o-ptiyl'lic A^'mS. [From the 
 same.] Eugenic acid ; clove acid, or 
 heavy oil of cloves ; one of the two oils 
 composing oil of cloves : the other is 
 light oil, called clove hydro-carbon. 
 
 103 
 
CAR 
 
 Cftr-y-o-s>hy I ' Iin . [From the same.] 
 Clove sub-resin ; a crystalline substance 
 extracted from cloves by alcohol. 
 
 Car-y-o-pliyl'lum.* [From the 
 same.] The Pharmacopoeial name (Brit. 
 Ph.) for the unexpanded flower of Cary- 
 ophyllus aromaficus. See Clove. 
 
 Car-y-o-pliyl'lus.* [From Kapvov, a 
 “nut,” and (bvWor, a “leaf,” because sup- 
 posed to be the leaf of the Indian nut 
 plant.] A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Polyanclria , natural order Myrtacese. 
 Also the Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. and 
 U.S. Ph.) of the Clove, which see. 
 
 Caryopliyl'lus Ar-o-suat'i-cus.* 
 The systematic name of the clove-tree. 
 Also the Pharmacopoeial name (Bub. Ph.) 
 for the clove. See Clove. 
 
 Car-y-op'sis.* [From Kiprnv, a “ nut,” 
 and oifiig, an “appearance.”] In Botany, 
 a one-seeded pericarp, adhering closely 
 to the integument of the seed, as in oats, 
 rice, etc. 
 
 Cas-ca^ril'la.* [Diminutive of cas'- 
 cara, the Spanish word for “ bark.”] 
 The Pharmacopoeial name |] of the bark 
 of the Or o' ton eleuthe' ria. 
 
 Cascarilla? Cortex ; 5 (“Bark of 
 Cascarilla.”) See Cascarilla. 
 
 Ca/se-in, Ca'se*ine, or Ca'se-nm . 5 
 [From ca'seus, “cheese.”] The albumen 
 of milk ; the curd separated from milk 
 by the addition of an acid or rennet, 
 constituting the basis of cheese in a state 
 of purity. 
 
 Caseous, ka'she-iis, or ka'se-us. 
 [Caseo'sus; from ca'seus, “cheese.”] 
 Having, or full of, cheese : cheesy. 
 
 Ca-sltew'-Tree. The Anacar'dium 
 Occidenta'le, a tree belonging to the 
 natural order Anacardiaceae, found in 
 the West Indies. It produces a kidney- 
 shaped nut, yielding a caustic oil, which 
 is used as a marking-ink, and also as a 
 remedy for warts, etc. 
 
 Cassava,*' k&s-s&'vii. A fecula sepa- 
 rated from the juice of the root of the 
 Janipha Manihot , and exposed to heat; 
 a principal article of diet in South 
 America. The same substance differently 
 prepared and granulated constitutes 
 tapioca. 
 
 Casserian (Ganglion). See GAS- 
 SERIAN. 
 
 Cassia,* kash'e-a. [Gr. icaaia, or *aoma.] 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Decandria , 
 natural order Leguminosse. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (Brit. Ph.) of the 
 fruit of Cas’sia fis'tula. Several spe- 
 cies of the genus Cassia — e.g. C. acuti- 
 folia, C. clongata, and C. obovata — 
 104 
 
 CAS 
 
 produce the senna of commerce. See 
 
 Senna. 
 
 Cas'sia Fis'tu-la.* The purging cas- 
 sia-tree. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the fruit of the Cassia fistula. 
 
 Cassia Ugnea. See Laurtjs Cassia. 
 
 Cas'sia Mar-i-lan'di-ca.* The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 leaves of Cassia Marilandica , or Ameri- 
 can Senna. 
 
 Cas'sia Oil. The common oil of cin- 
 namon, procured from cassia. 
 
 Cassise (kash'e-e) Pul'pa.* (“Pulp 
 of Cassia.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Ed. Ph.) for the fruit of Cas'sia Jis'tula. 
 
 Cassius (kash'e-us), I*ur'ple of. A 
 purple-colored precipitate, obtained by 
 mixing the proto-chloride of tin with a 
 dilute solution of gold. 
 
 Cassonade (Fr.), kas’so’n&d'. Raw 
 sugar; the crystallized and dried por- 
 tion of sugar. 
 
 Cassytliaceae,* kas-se-tha'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous parasitical 
 plants, consisting of one genus, the Cas- 
 sy'tha. 
 
 Castaneje,* kas-ta'ne-e, the plural 
 of Cas-ta'ni-a, a “ chesnut.” A name 
 given by some botanists to a natural 
 order including the chesnut, oak, etc. 
 See Cupulifer,e. 
 
 Cas'tor. Another name for Casto- 
 reum, which see. 
 
 Cas'tor Oil. [O'lctiui Rimini.] 
 
 An oil extracted from the seeds of the 
 Ri(f in us commu'nis ; one of the most 
 valuable of purgatives, being at the same 
 time mild and speedy in its operation. 
 
 Cas-to're-um.* [From cas'tor , the 
 “beaver.”] The Pharmacopoeial name || 
 of a peculiar concrete substance obtained 
 from the follicles of the prepuce of the 
 Castor fiber, or beaver. It is a moderate 
 stimulant and antispasmodic. 
 
 Cas-tor'I-dse.* [From cas'tor, the 
 “beaver.”] A family of animals, of 
 which the Castor is the type. 
 
 Cas'to-rin, or Cas'to-rine. [Cas- 
 tori'na; from casto'reum .] The active 
 matter of castoreum. 
 
 Cas-tra'tion. [Castra'tio, o'nis; 
 from cas'tro, castra'tum, to “cut off,” to 
 “emasculate.”] The removal of a testi- 
 cle, or both ; orchotomy ; emasculation. 
 Applied in Botany to the removal of the 
 anthers of a flower. 
 
 Cas-tren'sis.* [From cas'tra, a 
 “camp.”] Applied to diseases which 
 soldiers encamped under unhealthy cir- 
 cumstance.-; are particularly liable to, as 
 Febri8 castrensis , “camp-fever.” 
 
CAS 
 
 CAT 
 
 €asuarinaceav*kas-u-ar-i-na'she-e. 
 [From Casuari'na, the name of one of 
 the genera.] A curious natural order 
 of exogenous trees without leaves, found 
 in Australia. They are prized for their 
 hard and heavy timber. 
 
 Cat. = Cataplas'ma* A “ cataplasm.” 
 
 Ca'ta (Kara). A Greek preposition 
 signifying, in composition, “ against,” 
 “according to,” but most frequently 
 “down,” as in catarrh (from Karafpeio), 
 literally, a “flowing down.” It is often 
 an intensive, as in Catacausis, Cata- 
 clysm, and Catalepsy, which see. Be- 
 fore a vowel and before h the final a is 
 dropped. See Cation, Cathode, etc. 
 
 Cat-a-cau 'sis.* [From KaraKaia), to 
 “burn completely up.”] A term denoting 
 the phenomenon called preternatural or 
 spontaneous combustion. 
 
 Cat'a-cly&m. [Cataclys'mus; from 
 /caravAujw, to “inundate.”] A deluge, or 
 inundation. An affusion. 
 
 Cat-a-cous'ti-ca* (for pronunciation 
 see Acoustic). [From Kara, “against,” 
 and aKOjoi, to “hear.”] That branch of 
 Acoustics which treats of reflected sounds : 
 catacous'tics. 
 
 Cat'a-lep-sy. [Catalep'sia,and Cat- 
 alep'sis; from KaraXapjdvw, to “seize.”] 
 A total suspension of sensibility and 
 voluntary motion, and, for the most 
 part, of mental power, the action of the 
 heart and lungs continuing : trance. 
 
 Cat-a-lep'tic. [Catalep'ticus.] 
 Belonging to catalepsy. 
 
 Ca-tal'y-sis.* [From KaraXvto, to 
 “dissolve.”] A force or power which 
 decomposes a compound body by mere 
 contact : thus, peroxide of hydrogen is 
 decomposed by contact with platinum, 
 which is termed, in consequence, the 
 catalytic agent. 
 
 Cat-a-lyt'ic, Cat-a-lyt'i-cal. [€a- 
 talyt'icus.] Belonging to, or causing, 
 Catalysis. Sometimes applied to a medi- 
 cine supposed to destroy a morbific 
 agency in the blood. See preceding 
 article. 
 
 Cat-a-me'Bii-a,* gen. Cat-a-me-ni- 
 o'rum, found only in the plural. 
 [From Kara, “according to,” and /m, a 
 “month.”] The monthly discharge from 
 the uterus; otherwise called the menses, 
 menstrual discharge, or courses, etc. See 
 Menses. 
 
 Cat-a-ption'i-ca.* [From Kara, “a- 
 gainst,” a:id ijxnsri, “sound.”] That 
 branch of Acoustics which treats of the 
 reflection of sound : oataphon'ies. 
 
 Ca-taph'o-ra.* [From Karafapopai, 
 10 
 
 to “be weighed down,” to “fall asleep.”] 
 The co'ma somnolen' turn of many writers ; 
 a variety of lethargy, attended with 
 short remissions, or intervals of imper- 
 fect waking, sensation, and speech. 
 
 Cat/a-plasm. [Cataplas'ma, a tis; 
 from KaranXdootj, to “ overlay with plas- 
 ter.”] A soft application or poultice of 
 bread, linseed-meal, oat-meal, etc., medi- 
 cated or not. 
 
 Catapotium,* kat-a-po'she-um. 
 [From Karamvui, to “drink,” to “gulp,” 
 to “swallow down.”] A pill or medicine 
 to be swallowed without chewing. 
 Written also Catapotinn . 
 
 Cat ' a- r act. [Catarac'ta; from 
 Karafpdaaca , to “confound.”] Obstructed 
 sight, produced by opacity of the crys- 
 talline lens or its capsule. 
 
 Ca-ta'ri-a.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of the 
 Nep'eta cata'ria, or catnep. 
 
 Ca-tarrit'. [Catar 'rhus ; from 
 Kara(pkii), to “flow down.”] A common 
 cold in the head or chest ; also, Influenza ; 
 likewise the mucous fluid poured out by 
 the bladder under disease or catarrh of 
 that organ, the discharge in Leucori hoea, 
 or catarrh of the vagina. 
 
 Ca-tarrh'al. [Catarrlia'lis.] Be- 
 longing to catarrh. 
 
 Cat-a-stagr'inus.* [From Kara , 
 “down,” and ordCto, to “drop,” to “flow 
 by drops.”] A term applied by some 
 medical writers to a defluxion from the 
 fauces, etc. The same as Catarrh. 
 
 Cat-a-stal'tic. [Catastal'ticus ; 
 from KaraareXXu), to “restrain.”] Having 
 power to restrain, check, or astringe. 
 Applied to medicines that check evacua- 
 tions, as astringent and styptic sub- 
 stances ; the same as Anastaltic. Ap- 
 plied by M. Hall to the action of the 
 Vis nervosa, from above downwards. 
 
 Catechu, kat'e-ku. [Said to be de- 
 rived from the Japanese Kate, a “tree,” 
 and chu, “juice.”] The Pharmacopoeial 
 name for an extract obtained chiefly 
 from the wood of Acacia catechu. The 
 term is applied to a variety of astringent 
 extracts, which are imported under the 
 names of terra japonica (Japan earth), 
 cutch, and yambir. 
 
 €at-e-chu'ic An acid (some- 
 
 what resembling gallic acid) obtained 
 by Buchner from catechu. 
 
 Catli. = Cathar'ticus.% “Cathartic.” 
 
 €ath-,*e-ret'ic, or Cath-e-ret'ic. 
 [Catlueret'icus ; from KaOatpcw, to “re- 
 move.”] Mildly caustic, as nitrate of silver. 
 
 Ca-thar'sis.* [From Kadaipu, to 
 10 o 
 
CAT 
 
 CAU 
 
 “purge.”] Purgation of the excrements, 
 medically or naturally. 
 
 Ca-tliar'tic. [Catliar'ticus ; from 
 the same.] Applied to a medicine which 
 quickens or increases evacuation from 
 the intestines, or produces purging. 
 
 Ca-thar'tin. [ ( atharti na : from 
 KaOaifKo, to “purge.”] A peculiar princi- 
 ple obtained from jalap and senna leaves, 
 on which their purging quality depends. 
 
 Ca-tliart©-car'pus Fis'tu-la.* 
 Another name for the tree producing 
 cassia. See Cassia Fistula. 
 
 Caili'e-ter.* [Or. KaOerrip: from 
 KaOifipt , to “thrust into.”] A surgical 
 instrument like a tube, closed, but with 
 several small perforations towards the 
 extremity, which is introduced into the 
 bladder through the urethra for the pur- 
 pose of drawing off the urine in cases of 
 retention, etc. 
 
 Cathe-ter-is'mus.* [From cath'- 
 eter.] The operation of introducing the 
 catheter : cath'eterism. 
 
 Cath'ode. [From Kara, “down,” and 
 6(5<k, a “way.”] In electro-chemical 
 action, that part of the decomposing 
 body which the electric current leaves. 
 
 Catli-od'ic. [Cathod'icus ; from 
 Kara, “downwards,” and 'o6og, a “way.”] 
 Proceeding downwards. Applied by M. 
 Hall to the course of action of the ner- 
 vous influence. See Catastalticus. 
 
 Ca-thul'i-con.* [From xaOoXiKog , 
 “universal,” “unchanging.”] A pana- 
 cea, or universal medicine. 
 
 Ca'ti-©n.* [G r. Kan 'iVy the present 
 participle of varrt/n, to “go down,” to 
 “descend.”] Literally, “descending,” 
 or “passing down.” A term in electro- 
 chemical action for a body that passes 
 to the cathode of the decomposing body. 
 
 Cat'ltin. The same as Amentum, 
 which see. 
 
 Cat'ling. A double-edged, sharp- 
 pointed, straight knife for amputations. 
 
 Catnep. See Cataria. 
 
 Cat/o-clie,* or Cat '©-elms.* [From 
 Kart\cj, to “restrain,” to “retain,” to 
 “keep.”] A kind of catalepsy in which 
 the body is kept rigidly in an erect pos- 
 ture. 
 
 Cat-©i>'tric, Cat-©p'trl-eal. [Cat- 
 ©p'tricus ; from KtxTonrpo v, a “mirror.”] 
 Belonging to a mirror, or to Catoptrics. 
 
 Cat-©p 'tries. [Catop'trica; from 
 the same.] That branch of Optics which 
 treats of the reflection of light. 
 
 Cat’s Eye. A mineral brought from 
 Ceylon : so called from a peculiar play 
 of light arising from white fibres inter- 
 106 
 
 spersed. The French call this appear- 
 ance chatoyant (sh&'tw&'yoN G '). 
 
 Cat’s Furr. A characteristic sound 
 of the chest, heard by means of the 
 stethoscope. 
 
 Cat’s Tail. The common name for 
 
 the Typha. 
 
 Cau da E-qui'na.* (“Horse-tail.”) 
 The termination of the spinal marrow, 
 giving off a large number of nerves, 
 which, when unravelled, resemble a 
 horse’s tail. 
 
 Cau 'dal. [Cauda'lis; from can' da, 
 a “tail.”] Belonging to the tail. 
 
 Cau'date. [Cauda'tus ; from the 
 same.] Having a tail. 
 
 Cau'dex.* The trunk of a tree. In 
 Botany, the stem, or ascending axis of 
 growth, is termed caudex ascendens ; the 
 root, or descending axis, caudex descen- 
 dens. 
 
 Cau-dic'u-la.* [Diminutive of cau'- 
 da , a “tail.”] A prolongation in cer- 
 tain plants in the form of a filament, 
 which bears the masses of pollen : a 
 cau'dicule, or cau'dicle. 
 
 Caul. The epiploon, or omentum. 
 Sometimes applied to a portion of the 
 amnion which occasionally envelops the 
 child’s head at birth. 
 
 Cau-les'^ent. [Caules'cens ; from 
 cau' lis, a “stem,” and - esco , a Latin ter- 
 mination signifying to “grow.”] Grow- 
 ing to a stem. 
 
 Cau-lic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of can' - 
 lis, a “stem.”] The intermediary part 
 of the embryo which has germinated 
 between the cotyledons and the root; 
 a cau'licule, or cau'licle. 
 
 Cau-li-fl©r©us. [Caulifto'rus ; 
 from cau' lis, a “stem,” and jios, a “flow- 
 er.”] Having flowers on the stem. 
 
 Cau'll-fl©w-er Ex-cr^s'^ence. A 
 disease of the os uteri, supposed by 
 Gooch to be encephalosis. 
 
 Cau'li-f©rm. [Caulifur'mis; from 
 cau' lis, a “stem.”] Formed like a stem. 
 
 Cau'line. [Cauli'nus; from can' lis, 
 a “stem.”] Belonging to a stalk or 
 stem. Applied to leaves which arise 
 directly from the stem. 
 
 Cau-l©-car'p©us. [Caul©car'peus ; 
 from cau’ lis, a “stem,” and napnog, 
 “fruit.”] Having persistent stems, fre- 
 quently bearing fruit. 
 
 Cau'ma, a tis* [From xa'uo, to “ burn.”] 
 The burning heat of fever. 
 
 Caus'tic. [Cans' tic us; from xauo, 
 to “burn.”] Possessing causticity. As 
 a noun (Lat. f! axis' tiemn) it denotes a 
 substance which, by its chemical proper- 
 
CAU 
 
 CEL 
 
 ties, destroys the texture of organized 
 bodies : such are the pure alkalies, the 
 concentrated mineral acids, lunar caustic, 
 etc. 
 
 Cans 'tic Al'ka-li. An alkali com- 
 paratively pure, or one which has not 
 lost its caustic properties by combination 
 with another substance, as, for example, 
 with carbonic acid, or with oil. 
 
 Caustic, Lunar. See Lunar Caustic. 
 
 Caustic Potash. See Potassa. 
 
 Caus-ti^'I-ty. [Caustic' itas, a 'tin; 
 from caua'ticus.] The quality which 
 distinguishes caustic substances. See 
 Caustic. 
 
 Caus'ti-cum A-cer'ri-mum* (the 
 superlative degree of n'cer, “ sharp"). 
 The old name for caustic potash, — the 
 strongest common caustic. 
 
 Can's us.* [Gr. Kavoog , a “ burning 
 heat."] A variety of malignant remittent 
 fever : so named on account of its ex- 
 cessive heat. It has been termed fe'bris 
 ar'dens, “ ardent" or “ burning fever." 
 
 Cau-ter-i-za'tion. [Cauteriza'- 
 tio, o'nis.] The act of applying the 
 cautery. 
 
 Cau'ter-^. [Caute'rium ; from xaiM, 
 to “burn," or more directly from Kavrri- 
 ptov , a “ red-hot iron" or “ branding-iron."] 
 The application of a caustic substance, 
 or of a hot iron ; also, the hot iron or 
 substance thus applied. 
 
 Cau'tery, Ac'tu-al. [Caute'rium 
 Actua'le.] The employment of actual 
 burning ( i.e . heated iron, fire, etc.) for 
 the cure or removal of a diseased part. 
 See Actual Cautery. 
 
 Cau'tery, Po-ten'tial. [Caute'ri- 
 um Potentia'lis.] The application 
 of caustic substances, as potassa, lunar 
 caustic, etc. 
 
 Cav'er-nous. [Caverno'sus; from 
 caver' mi, a “cavern."] Having cells or 
 caverns. 
 
 Cav'ernous Sinus. A sinus on the 
 base of the cranium. 
 
 Cawk. A name sometimes given to 
 the sulphate of barytes, or heavy spar. 
 
 Cayenne (ka-yen') Pep'per. The 
 ground pods and seeds of the Capsicum 
 annuum; Guinea pepper. 
 
 C. C. = Cucurbit' ula Cruen'ta.* A 
 cupping-glass. 
 
 C. C. = Cor' nu Cer'vi.% Hartshorn. 
 
 C. C. TIT. = Cor'nu Cer'vi Us'tum.% 
 Burnt hartshorn. 
 
 Ceanothus. See Red Root. 
 
 Cebadilla (Sp.), s&-Ba-neel'y&. The 
 seeds of the Asagrea officinalis, a plant 
 of the order Melanthacese. See Veratria. 
 
 Ce'cal. [Caeca lis.] Belonging to 
 
 the Caecum . See C^ecal. 
 
 Cecum. See Caecum. 
 
 Cedrelaceae,* sed-re-la'she-e. An 
 important natural order of trees (includ- 
 ing Cedrela and Mahogany) found in 
 the tropics of America and India. In 
 general the bark is a powerful astrin- 
 gent, and the wood fragrant. The bark 
 of the Cedre'la too'na. and of Mahogany 
 is febrifugal; the former is astringent, 
 and a tolerably good substitute for Peru- 
 vian bark in intermittent fevers. 
 
 Ce'dron. The common name of the 
 Sima'ba Ce'dron , a tree growing in 
 South and Central America. The seeds 
 are considered to be a remedy for snake- 
 bites and other animal poisons. The 
 raspings of the wood have been used in 
 intermittents as a substitute for quinine. 
 
 Celandine. See Chelidonium. 
 
 Celastraceae,* sel-as-tra'she-e. 
 [From Celas'trus , one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of shrubs, which have 
 acrid properties, sometimes stimulant. 
 The Euonymus (Spindle-Tree, or Burn- 
 ing Bush) is an example. 
 
 Ce-las'trus.* The name of a genus 
 of plants of the class Pentandria, natu- 
 ral order Celastracese . 
 
 Celas'trus Scan 'dens* (the “ Climb- 
 ing Celastrus"), sometimes called the 
 Climbing Staff-tree and False Bitter- 
 sweet. A climbing shrub common in 
 the United States: the bark is said to 
 possess narcotic as well as emetic and 
 diaphoretic properties. 
 
 £e'le.* [Gr. Kri'Xrj.'] A word formerly 
 used for hernia ; now, added as a suffix 
 to another word, it signifies a tumor 
 caused by protrusion of some soft part 
 or parts denoted by the first portion of 
 the term, as Enterocele, Epiplocele, etc.; 
 also, swelling of a part, as Sarcocele ; 
 or its enlargement by the presence of 
 fluid, as Hydrocele. 
 
 Cel'es-tine. [From cse’lum, the 
 “ sky."] Sulphate of strontian ; so named 
 from its frequently presenting a blue 
 color. 
 
 Cell. [Cel'la; supposed to be de- 
 rived from ce’/o. to “conceal."] Lite- 
 rally, a “ cellar" or “ cavity," hence, 
 any hollow space. In Botany the term 
 is applied to the cavity or cavities of a 
 pericarp in which the seeds are lodged. 
 According to the number of these cavi- 
 ties, a pericarp is termed one-celled, two- 
 celled, etc. It also denotes the cavity 
 of an anther, ovary, etc. In Physiology, 
 a cell or cellule constitutes the origin or 
 107 
 
CEL 
 
 CEN 
 
 commencement of every plant and ani- 
 mal, and the elementary form of every 
 tissue. In fact, the entire organized 
 body, whether animal or vegetable, may 
 be considered to be made up of a conge- 
 ries of cells, each set having its own 
 appropriate endowment or function, as 
 nutrition, secretion, absorption, etc. 
 
 Cell-Nucleus. See Cytoblast. 
 
 Cell-The'o-ry. The theory or pro- 
 position that there exists one general 
 principle for the formation of all organic 
 productions, — i.e. the formation of cells; 
 also, the conclusions drawn from this 
 proposition. 
 
 Cell'u-lar. [Cellula'ris; from cel'- 
 lula.] Having, or consisting of, cells. 
 See Cellular Tissue. 
 
 Cell'ular Plants [termed in Latin 
 Cellula'res]. A name sometimes ap- 
 plied to cryptogamous plants. 
 
 Cell'ular Tis sue. [Te'la Celln- 
 la'ris ;ind Te'la Cellulo'sa; Fr. Tissu 
 cellnlaire , t£'sii' sel'u lain'.] Called also 
 Cell'ular Mem brane. The most com- 
 mon of all the organic tissues, consti- 
 tuting the net-work which connects the 
 minute parts of most of the structures 
 of the body. It has also been called 
 Are'olar Tis'sue, on account of the 
 areolse, or interstices, with which it 
 abounds. See Areolar. 
 
 Cell' file. [Cel Tula, the diminutive 
 of cel' la, a “ cell/’] A little cell. See Cell. 
 
 Cell'u-lose. [From cel'lula.] The 
 substance of which the cellular tissue of 
 plants is chiefly composed. 
 
 Ce-lot'o-my. [Celoto'mia; from 
 * 07 X 77 , a “tumor,” “hernia,” and tcix^io, to 
 “cut.”] The operation for hernia. 
 
 Ce'ment. [Csemen'tum.] Any 
 substance used for cementing together 
 what may have been broken, as lute, 
 solder, etc. Also, a composition by which 
 metals are changed. See Tooth. 
 
 Cem-en-ta'tion. [Csementa'tio, 
 o'nin; from c semen' turn.] A process by 
 which metals are purified or changed in 
 their qualities by heat without fusion, 
 by means of a composition, called a ce- 
 ment, with which they are covered. 
 
 £e-not i-ca.* [From Ke-uoaig, “evacu- 
 ation.”] Morbid [fluid] evacuations or 
 discharges. The name of an order in 
 Dr. Good’s class Gexetica. 
 
 Cen-tau'ri-i Ca-cu 'nil- lift.* The 
 tops of the Erythrsea centaur ium / di- 
 rected for use by the Colleges of London 
 and Edinburgh. See Erythraka. 
 
 Cen-tan'rl-nm.* [From Ktvravpoq, a 
 v centaur.”] The Pharinacopceial name 
 10S 
 
 (Ed. Ph.) of Erythrsea centaurinm, the 
 medicinal properties of which are similar 
 to those of Gentian. 
 
 Cen-tl-foTi-ous. [Cen tifo Tins ; 
 from cen' turn, a “hundred,” and folium, 
 a “leaf.”] Having a hundred leaves. 
 
 Cen'tl-grade. [Centig'radns ; 
 from cen' turn, a “hundred,” and gra'dus, 
 a “grade.”] Having a hundred grades 
 or degrees. Applied to a French ther- 
 mometer thus divided. 
 
 Centigramme, sen'te-gram. French 
 pronunciation, sdN G 'te'gr&mm'. [From 
 cen' turn, a “hundred,” and gram' mo, a 
 “ gramme.”] The hundredth of a gramme, 
 equal to 0.154 of a grain avoirdupois, or 
 one-sixth of a grain troy. 
 
 Centilitre, soN'te-Utr'. [Fr. cent, a 
 “hundred,” and li'tre.] The one-hun- 
 dredth part of a litre; equal to 0.6102 
 of an English cubic inch. 
 
 Centimetre, sen-te-me'tr, or soN'te- 
 metR'. [Fr. cent, a “hundred,” and 
 metre.'] The one-hundredth part of a 
 metre ; equal to 0.394, or two-fifths, of 
 an English inch. 
 
 Cen'ti-pede. [Cen'tipes, p 'edis ; 
 from cen' turn, a “hundred,” and pes, a 
 “foot.”] Having a hundred feet, or 
 many feet. The name of an animal (or 
 insect) having many feet. 
 
 Cen 'trad. [From ad, “to” or “to- 
 wards,” and cen'trum, the “centre.”] 
 Applied the same as Central used ad- 
 verbially. 
 
 Cen'tral. [CentraTis; from cen'- 
 trum, the “centre.”] Applied by Dr. 
 Barclay to the body and organs gene- 
 rally, as meaning towards the centre. 
 
 Cen'tre of Grav'i-ty. That point 
 in a body about which all the parts 
 exactly balance one another, so that, if 
 that point be supported, every part would 
 be in sequilibrio and the whole body be 
 at rest. 
 
 Cen'tres, Ner'vous. The brain, 
 spinal cord, and sympathetic ganglia. 
 
 Cen-trif 'n-gal. [Centrif ngus ? 
 from cen'trum, the “centre,” and fu'gio, 
 to “fly.”] Flying from the centre. 
 
 Centrif' ugal Force. That force by 
 which a body moving in a circular orbit, 
 and striving (according to the laws of 
 forces) to proceed in a straight course, 
 tends to fly off from the centre in a 
 tangent to the orbit. 
 
 Cen-trip'e-tal. [Centrip'etus ; 
 
 from cen’trum , the “centre,” and pe'to, 
 to “seek.”] Tending towards the 
 centre. 
 
 Centrip'etal Force. That *Vrce by 
 
CEN 
 
 CEP 
 
 which a body moving round another 
 tends or is impelled to the centre. 
 
 Cen-tro-stal'tic. [Centrostal'ti- 
 cun; from cen'trum, the “centre,” and 
 staViicus , “staltic.”] ' Applied by M. 
 Hall to the action of the Vis nervosa in 
 the spinal centre. 
 
 Cen'trum.* [Gr. KCvrpov ; from kcv- 
 tco), to “ prick” or “pierce.”] Literally, 
 a “centre.” Applied by Owen, in Com- 
 parative Anatomy, to the homologues of 
 the body of a vertebra. 
 
 Cen'trum Com-mu'ne.* Literally, 
 the “common centre” [of nerves or of 
 ganglia]. The solar plexus. 
 
 Centrum Ovale (of Vicq D’Azyr), 
 See Vicq D’Azyr, etc. 
 
 Centruflu Ovale* (of Vieussens). 
 See Vieussens, etc. 
 
 Cepli-a-e'lis.* A Linnsean genus of 
 the class Pentandria , natural order Cin- 
 chonaeese. 
 
 Cepliae'lis Ip-e-cac-u-an'lia.* The 
 
 plant from which ipecacuanha is obtained. 
 
 £eph-a-l{e'a.* [From KC([,a\r} f the 
 “head.”] A term for diseases of the head. 
 
 £eph'a-lse-ma-to'ma,* or Ceph'a- 
 lo-lise-ma-to'ma.* [From xeipaXrj, the 
 “head,” and alpa, “blood.”] A san- 
 guineous tumor, sometimes occurring in 
 new-born children. 
 
 £epli-a-lse'mi-a.* [From Ke<pa\rj, the 
 “ head,” and m/io, “blood.”] Congestion 
 of the head or of the brain. 
 
 £e-plial 'a-gra.* [From KedaXfi, the 
 “head,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] Chronic 
 pain of the head, gouty or rheumatic. 
 
 ^eph-a-lal'gi-a.* [From xecpaXti, the 
 ‘‘head,” and «A yog, “pain.”] Headache, 
 or pain in the head : eeph'alalgy. 
 
 Vc-plial'ic. [Ceplial'icus; from 
 iceipah 7, the “head.”] Belonging to the 
 head. 
 
 £epltal'ic Vein. The anterior vein 
 of the arm : formerly opened in disor- 
 ders of the head. 
 
 Cephalitis. See Encephalitis. 
 £epli'a-lo-. [From K£<pa\fi, the “head.”] 
 This, in compound names of muscles, etc., 
 denotes connection with the head. 
 
 £eph'a-lo-dyn'i-a.* [From KzpaXr), 
 the “ head,” and devvr], “pain.”] Head- 
 ache; pain in the head. 
 
 £eplial-©-gen 'e-sis.* [From xzpaXri, 
 the “head,” and yesemg, “generation,” 
 or “creation.”] The doctrine of the 
 formation of the brain. 
 
 £eph-a-log' ra-pliy . [ Cephalo- 
 
 gra'pliia; from xepaXri, the “head,” and 
 yp<i0w, to “^vrite.”] A description of 
 heads. 
 
 10 * 
 
 Cephaloh<Tiuatoma. See Ceph- 
 alhematoma. 
 
 £epli'a-loi<l. [Ceplialoi'ries; from 
 KzpaXri, the “head.”] Resembling the 
 head. 
 
 £epli-a-lol'o-gy. [Cephalolo'gia ; 
 
 from KCipaXt) , the “head,” and Xoyog, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on the head; 
 the science of the head considered in its 
 anatomical and physiological aspects. 
 
 £eplt-a-lo'ma.'* [From icapaMj, the 
 “head.”] A medullary tumor; a mor- 
 bid product resembling brain, sometimes 
 called encephaloid , or cerebriform tumor, 
 medullary sarcoma, etc. 
 
 £eph-a-Iom'e-ter. [Cephalom'e- 
 trtiin; from KecpaXtj, the “head,” and 
 ficrpoi /, a “measure.”] An instrument 
 for ascertaining the size of the foetal 
 head during parturition. 
 
 Vepha- lo- pliar-y n -ga? ' us.* [From 
 KSijaXfi, the “head,” and </><ipy£, the 
 “pharynx.”] A designation of the cow- 
 strictor superior pharynyis muscle. 
 
 Veph-a-lopli'o-ra.* [From KctaXrj, tho 
 “head,” and </>rpco, to “ bear;” because sup- 
 ported by their heads.] See Cepha- 
 lopoda. 
 
 €epfralop'o<la, or Cepli'alopods. 
 
 See Cephalopoous. 
 
 Veplia-lop'o-dus.* [From KvcpaXfj, 
 the “head,” and novg, a “foot.”] Ceph- 
 alop'odous. Applied in the neuter plural 
 {Cephalopoda , or Ceph'alopods) to a 
 class of Mollusca in which the strong 
 fleshy members by means of which they 
 crawl proceed from the head, — in other 
 words, the head is situated between the 
 body and the feet. 
 
 Vepli a-lot.* [From Kz:pa\rj, tne 
 “head.”] Apeculiarfatfound in the brain, 
 containing phosphorus and sulphur. 
 
 £epha-l©-tii©'rax.* [From icscpaXfj, 
 the “head,” and 6 pat, the “chest.”] The 
 first segment of the Arachmda and Crus- 
 tacea , including in one what in insects 
 is divided into head and thorax. 
 
 ^eph a-lo-tome. [Cephalofomus; 
 from KzcpaXri , the “head,” and rep ho, to 
 “cut.”] An instrument for cutting or 
 breaking down the head of the foetus. 
 There are various forms and adaptations 
 of it. 
 
 ^eplt-a-Iot'o-my. [Cephalot©'- 
 mia: from xxbaXfi, the “head,” and rep u, 
 to “cut.”] Dissection of the head ; also, 
 the cutting or breaking down of the 
 foetal head. 
 
 £eph'a-lo-trsl>e.* [From Kt&dXu, 
 tbe “head,” and rpt7> co, to “break down.”] 
 An instrument intended to supersede the 
 109 
 
CER 
 
 CER 
 
 crotchet and perforator in the operation 
 of craniotomy. 
 
 Ce'ra.* [Gr. tempos, “wax; Fr. Cire , 
 s£r.] Wax. The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Brit. Ph.) of bleached yellow wax. A 
 membrane covering the base of the beak 
 of birds in which the nostrils are pierced. 
 
 Ce ra Al'ba. ;if (“White Wax.”) Yel- 
 low wax bleached. 
 
 Ce'ra Fla'va.* (“Yellow Wax.”) 
 Bees’- wax in its natural state; “a pecu- 
 liar concrete substance prepared by Apis' 
 mellijica ” (U.S. Ph.). 
 
 Ce-ra'ceous. [Cera'ceus: from 
 ce'ra , “wax.”] Of the appearance or 
 consistence of wax. 
 
 Ceram iaceae,* se-ram-e-a'she-e. 
 
 [From Cera'mium , one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of cryptogam jus plants, 
 consisting of sea-weeds (AUfze). It in- 
 cludes several species which are gelati- 
 nous and valuable for food. Among 
 these are the Dulse of the Scots, and 
 Carrageen moss. The esculent nests of 
 the Chinese swallow are supposed to 
 derive their value from a plant of this 
 order. — (Ltndle v.) 
 
 Cerat, sArA. The French term for 
 Cerate. See Ceratum. 
 
 Ce-ra'ta,* the plural of Ceratum, 
 which see. 
 
 Cerate. See Ceratum. 
 
 £er-a-ti'tis.* [From sepag, a “horn.”] 
 The same as Cor.veitis, which see. 
 
 £e-ra'ti>-. [From idpag, a “ horn.”] 
 A prefix denoting connection with the 
 cornu or horn of the hyoid bone, or with 
 the cornea. 
 
 £e-rat o-braii'ebi-al. [Cerato- 
 brancliia'lis; from cera'to , and fJpiy- 
 Xia, the “ gills.”] Applied in Comparative 
 Anatomy to the longer bent pieces, sup- 
 ported by the bones which form the 
 lower extremities of the branchial arches 
 in fishes. 
 
 £ e-rat 'o-^ele.* [From Ksnag, a “ horn,” 
 and Kfj\r\ y a “tumor.”] A hernia of the 
 cornea. 
 
 ^e-rato-glos'sus.* [From cera'to , 
 and y\o7oa, the “tongue.”] A name for 
 the Hi/o-glossus muscle, from its appear- 
 ance and insertion : ccrat'oglossal. 
 
 £e-rat o-hy'al. [C’eratohya'lis; 
 from Ktp'.xg, a “horn,” and hi/oi'des, “hy- 
 oid.”] Applied by Owen to the lower 
 and iarger of the two principal parts of 
 the cornu of the hyoid bone. 
 
 £$r'a-toiil. [Ceratoides; from 
 sepag, a “horn,” and eldug, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a horn. 
 
 Oratoma. See Keratoma. 
 
 110 
 
 Ceratonyxis. See Keratonvxis. 
 £eratoi>aiyIIacese,** se-rat’o-fil-la'- 
 she-e, or £e-rat o-pliyl'le-se.* A 
 
 natural order of plants, consisting of one 
 genus, Ceratojjhyllum, a weed found in 
 ditches and constantly submerged. 
 
 £e-raf©-i>las'tl-ca.* [From sepag, a 
 “horn,” and nX.waio, to “form.”] The 
 artificial formation of the cornea: cer'- 
 atoplasty. 
 
 £6r-a-4o'sus.* [From sepag, a “horn.”] 
 Having, or containing, horn : full of horn. 
 
 £e-rat'o-tome. [Ceraiot'oimis ; 
 from sepag , a “ horn,” and ren'U >, to “cut.”] 
 A knife for dividing the cornea. 
 
 £er-a-tot'o-my. [Ceratoto'mia ; 
 from sepag , a “ horn,” and Tt/x^oj, to “cut.”] 
 Cutting of the cornea. 
 
 €e-ra'tuni,* plural £e-ra'ta. [From 
 ce'ra , “wax.”] Ce'rate. A compound 
 ointment in which wax predominates as 
 an ingredient, and which is, therefore, 
 of a somewhat firmer consistency than 
 common ointments. Also applied to 
 compounds of a similar consistency, 
 though not containing wax. 
 
 Cera tum A<l'i-pis.* (“Cerate of 
 Lard.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph., 1860) for simple cerate. See 
 Ceratum Simplex. 
 
 ('era'tum Caudhar'i-dis.^ (“Ce- 
 rate of Cantharides.”) The common 
 blistering plaster (or salve) of the shops. 
 It is composed of twelve parts of pow- 
 dered cantharides, of yellow wax and 
 resin each seven parts, and of lard ten 
 parts. 
 
 Ceratum Pluan'bi Sab-ac-e-ta- 
 
 tis.* (“ Cerate of Subacetate of Lead.”) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name for what is 
 commonly called Goulard’s Cerate, 
 which see. 
 
 Cera'Uiin Re-si' use.-* (“Cerate of 
 Resin.”) The Pharmacopoeial name for 
 what is popularly known as Basilicon 
 Ointment. See Basilicon. 
 
 Cera'tiiin Sim ple\ $ (“Simple Ce- 
 rate”) is prepared by melting together 
 eight parts of lard and four of white 
 wax, and stirring the mixture until it is 
 cool. Used as a mild and emollient ap- 
 plication to inflamed surfaces. 
 
 Cerclinus,* serk'nus. [Gr. sep\iog; 
 from Ktp\ o>, to “render hoarse.”] A noisy 
 respiration : wheezing. 
 
 O're-al. [Cerea lls: from Ceres , the 
 goddess of Corn.] Pertaining to corn. 
 
 Ce- r e-a ' 11-a. * [From cerea'Hs , “be- 
 longing to Ceres."] All sorts of corn ; 
 of which bread or any nutritious sub- 
 stance is made. 
 
CER 
 
 CES 
 
 Ce're-a-lin. [Cereali'na; from 
 
 Cere s, the goddess of Corn.] The nu- 
 tritious principle of flour. 
 
 Cer-e-l>el-li'tis.* [From cerebel'lum.'] 
 Inflammation of the cerebellum. 
 
 Cer-e-bel'Iiun.* [Diminutive of 
 cer'ebrum , the “ brain. ”] (Fr. Cervelet, 
 seuv'li'.) The little brain, situated at 
 the lower and back part of the cranium. 
 It was considered by Gall to be the scat 
 of venereal desire; but this view is con- 
 tradicted by many facts. 
 
 Cfcr’e-bral. [Cerebra'Iis; from 
 cer'ebrum, the “ brain.”] Belonging to 
 the brain ; brain-like. 
 
 €er-e'bric. [Cereb'ricus ; from 
 cer'ebrum, the “ brain.”] Applied to a 
 fatty acid existing in the brain in com- 
 bination with soda. 
 
 Cer-e'brI-forin. [Cerebrifor'mis ; 
 from cer'ebrum, the “brain.”] Like the 
 form or substance of the brain ; encepha- 
 loid. 
 
 Cer'e-brin, or C£r'e-briue. [Cer- 
 ebri'na; from cer'ebrum, the “brain.”] 
 A reddish, fatty substance found in the 
 brain. 
 
 Cer-e-bri'tis.* [F rom cer'ebrum, 
 the “ brain.”] Inflammation of the brain. 
 See Encephalitis. 
 
 C£r'e-bro-. A prefix in compound 
 terms denoting connection with the 
 cerebrum. 
 
 i’er'e-broid. [Cerebroi'des; from 
 cer'<?6/Noa,the“brain.”] Resembling brain. 
 
 Cer'e-brot.* [From cer'ebrum, the 
 “brain.”] The same as Cephalot. 
 
 Ce r ' e-br u in .* [From xapa, the “ head 
 Fr. Cervenu, seR'vo', and Cervelle, sen'- 
 vell'.] The brain proper, occupying 
 the entire upper portion of the cranium, 
 and separated from the cerebellum by 
 the tentorium. It is divided on its upper 
 surface, by a deep median cleft, into two 
 equal portions, called hemispheres, which 
 are united at the base by a hard body, 
 called the corpus callosum, or commissura 
 matfii a. The lower surface of the cere- 
 brum is divided into three lobes, called 
 anterior, middle, and posterior. 
 
 The brain is primarily composed of two 
 substances, the one white, medullary, 
 and fibrous, constituting the interior 
 portion, the other gray, or cineritious, 
 situated chiefly on the surface. 
 
 ('erevisia, ;: ser-e-vish'e-a. [As if Ce- 
 reris vis in aqua, the “strength of corn 
 in water.”] Any liquor brewed from 
 corn ; ale ; beer. 
 
 Cerevis'ise Fer-men'tum.* (“Lea- 
 ven or Yeast of Beer.”) Yeast, or barm. 
 
 C$r'lc A^'iil. [From ce'ra, “ wax,”] 
 An acid produced by the action of the 
 fixed alkalies on wax. 
 
 Ce'rin, or Ce'rlne. [Ceri'na; from 
 ce'ra, “ wax.”] A component of common 
 wax which dissolves in sixteen times its 
 weight of boiling alcohol, and has pro- 
 perties almost exactly the same as those 
 of wax. 
 
 Ce'rl-um.* A white metal found in 
 a Swedish mineral called cerite, also in 
 allanite. See Tellurium. 
 
 Cer'nu-ous. [Cer iums; from ce>'~ 
 nuo, to “bow downward.”] Nodding, 
 or stooping. 
 
 Ce-ro'ina.* [From *»?pos, “wax.”] 
 Another name for Cerate. Sometimes 
 applied to an adipose tumor of the brain, 
 from its waxy appearance; called also 
 la rd a ceo us d eyenera t i o u . 
 
 C&r'u-Iin. [Cseruli'na ; from ere- 
 ru’lus, “blue.”] The name given to the 
 coloring matter of a peculiar substance 
 obtained from indigo by the action of 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 (!e*rii'men, $ gen. Ce-ru'miii-is. 
 
 [From ce'ra , “wax.”] Ear-wax. The 
 wax-like secretion of the ear given out 
 by follicles of the inner surface of the 
 M eat us auditor ins extern us. 
 
 Ce-ru'nil-iious. [Cerumino'sus ; 
 from ceru'men.} Belonging to the ceru- 
 men ; of the nature of cerumen. 
 
 Ce'riise, or Ce'russe. [Cerus'sa; 
 from Khp, a “plague,” “death,” or “poi- 
 son ;” from its poisonous qualities.] The 
 subcarbonate of lead ; white lead. 
 
 Cerveau, Cervelle. See Cerebrum. 
 
 Cervelet. See Cerebellum. 
 
 Cer'vi-cal. [Cervica’Iis; from cer'- 
 v ix, the “neck.”] Belonging to the neck. 
 
 Cer'vi-dse.* [From cer'vus, a “stag.”] 
 A family of animals having the Cervus 
 for their type. 
 
 Cer'vix, i'cis* The neck, more 
 particularly the back part. Also applied 
 to those parts of organs that are nar- 
 rowed like a neck. 
 
 Cervoise, seR'vw&z'. The French 
 term for beer. See Cerevisia. 
 
 Cer'vus.* [From Kipag, a “horn.”] 
 A “stag.” Also the name of a genus of 
 Ma mma lia R u m in anti a. 
 
 Cer'vus Fl'e-phas.* The systematic 
 name of the stag, the horns of which 
 afford some valuable medicines. See 
 Cornu. 
 
 Ces'pi-tose. [Cesjiito'sus; from 
 ces'pes, ces'pitis, a “turf.”] Producing 
 many stems from one root- forming a 
 surface of turf or sod. 
 
 Ill 
 
CET 
 
 CHA 
 
 Cetacea,* se-ta'she-a, or Cetaceans, 
 
 se-ta'shuns. [From ce'tus, a “whale.”] 
 An order of Mammalia living in the sea, 
 including the whale, dolphin, porpoise, etc. 
 They breathe air, have warm blood, and 
 can remain but a limited time under water. 
 As they are often compelled to come to 
 the surface for air, to facilitate their as- 
 cent and descent, they are furnished with 
 a horizontal tail-fin, and are thus ob- 
 viously distinguished from the true fishes, 
 in which the tail-fin is vertical. 
 
 Ce-ta'ceous. [Ceta'ceus ; from 
 ce'tus , a “whale.”] Belonging to the 
 whale; of the nature of the whale. 
 
 Cetaceum,* se-ta'she-um. [From 
 ce'tus , a “whale.”] The Pharmacopoeia! 
 name || of spermaceti, an oily, concrete, 
 crystalline, semi-transparent matter ob- 
 tained from several species of whale, 
 but chiefly the Pliyse'ter macroceph' alus. 
 
 Ce'tic A^'id. A supposed peculiar 
 acid resulting from the saponification of 
 cetin, found to be only a mixture of 
 margaric acid and cetin. 
 
 Ce'tin. [Ceti'na; from ce'tus, a 
 “ whale.”] Another name for spermaceti. 
 
 Ce-tra'rl-a.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name || of the Cetraria Islanclica, or Ice- 
 land moss. 
 
 Cetra'ria Is-lan'di-ca.* The sys- 
 tematic name of Iceland moss, otherwise 
 called Lichen Islandicus and Lichen Ce- 
 traria. 
 
 Ce-tra'rin. [Cetrari'na.] The bit- 
 ter principle of the Cetraria Islandica. 
 
 Ce-vad'ic A^'id. An acid produced 
 by the saponification of the oil of the 
 Veratrum Sabadilla or Cevadilla , some- 
 times called Sabadilic acid. 
 
 Ceylon Moss. See Jafna Moss. 
 
 CliafF. See Pale a. 
 
 Cliailletiaceae,* kll-le-te-a'she-e. 
 [From Chaille'tia , the name of one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 trees or shrubs, found in hot climates. 
 
 Clia-la'sis.* The name given by 
 Sau vages to the porcine species of scrofula. 
 
 dia-la'za.* [Gr. \a\a\a, a “ hail- 
 stone.”] A small tumor or tubercle 
 found chiefly on the eyelid. See Chala- 
 zion. In Botany, applied to an enlarge- 
 ment of the raphe , where it joins the 
 base of the nucleus. In the plural 
 ( Chalazse ) it denotes two spiral bodies, 
 situated one at each end of the egg, the 
 apex of each adhering to the yelk. 
 
 dia-la'zl-on,* dia-la'zl-um.* 
 [From the same.] A small, transparent 
 tubercle on the edge of the eyelid ; called 
 also Chalaza . 
 
 112 
 
 dia-la-zo'sis.* [Gr. yaAu^amj.] The 
 same as Chalaza and Chalazion. 
 
 dial-can 'ilium.* [From *aA ko;, 
 “brass,” and uvdos, a “flower.”] The 
 “flowers of brass,” or the sulphate of 
 zinc; Pliny’s term for copperas, or the 
 sulphate of iron. 
 
 dial-^ed'o-nous, or dial-^e-do'- 
 nl-oiis. [Clialced'onus, dialcedon'- 
 icus.] Having the external characters 
 or appearance of chalcedony. 
 
 di£l-$ed'o-ny (or kal'se-do-ne). 
 [From Chalce'don, a town of Asia Minor 
 where it was originally found.] A sili- 
 ceous stone, much used in jewelry. 
 
 Clialeur, sh&'luR'. The French word 
 for “caloric” or “heat.” See Caloric. 
 
 dialk. chawk. [Lat. Cre'ta; Fr. 
 Craie y knA] Carbonate of lime ; whiten- 
 ing. 
 
 dialk. Black. Drawing-slate ; 
 a bluish-black clay, containing about 
 twelve per cent, of carbon. 
 
 Clialk, Red. A species of argillaceous 
 iron ore. 
 
 €halk, Span'isk. Steatite, or soap- 
 stone. 
 
 €halk-Stone. [Cal'culus Arthrit'- 
 icus, or Cal culus Poda^'ricus.] A 
 
 concretion deposited in the hands and 
 feet of those afflicted with gout, resem- 
 bling chalk, though chemically different; 
 gout-stone. They consist chiefly of uric 
 acid and soda, sometimes, though rarely, 
 of urate of lime. 
 
 dia-ly b'e-ate. [Oialybea'tns ; 
 
 from \a\ >i//, gen. “iron” or 
 
 “steel.”] Containing iron ; impregnated 
 with iron. 
 
 dialyfo'eate Wa'ters. Mineral 
 waters whose predominating or active 
 principle is iron. There are two kinds : 
 the carbonated, containing carbonate of 
 the protoxide of iron; and the sulphu- 
 rated, containing sulphate of iron. Some 
 of the latter contain sulphate of alumina, 
 and are called aluminous sulphated cha- 
 lybeates. 
 
 diamaeese,* ka-ma'she-e, or Ctia- 
 niaceaus, ka-ma'shans. [From cha'ma , 
 a “clam.”] A family of acephalous 
 mollusks, of jyhich the common clam is 
 the type. 
 
 dia-nue'le-on.* A name given to 
 certain thistles, from the variety and 
 uncertainty of their colors, like the 
 changing hues of the chameleon. 
 
 dia-mie'le-on'I-dfe.* [From cha- 
 meleon .] A family of Reptiiia Sauric y 
 having the chameleon for its type. 
 
 dianifelianciaceae,* ka-mo-le-an- 
 
CHA 
 
 CHE 
 
 se-a'she-e. A natural order of plants, 
 allied to the Myrtleblooms, found in 
 Australia. They are bushes with fra- 
 grant leaves. 
 
 Chani-se-me'liivii.* [From xatfia'i, 
 “on the ground/’ and pn\ov, an “ apple/’ 
 so named, probably, on account of its 
 globe-like flowers, or perhaps from its 
 fragrance being supposed to resemble 
 that of apples.] Literally, “ground- 
 apple/’ one of the names of the An' the- 
 mis nob'ilis, or chamomile. 
 
 Chamseme'lum Nob'I-le.^ The 
 Anthemis nobilis. 
 
 Chambers of the Eye- See Ca- 
 mera. 
 
 Claa-mele-on Hin'e-ral. A com- 
 bination of black oxide of manganese 
 and potash, which gives a green color to 
 water, passes gradually through all the 
 shades of the prism, and at last becomes 
 colorless. 
 
 Cham'o-vmle. [See Cham^emelum.] 
 The popular name for the An'themis 
 nob'ilis. An infusion of the flowers of 
 this plant forms an excellent bitter tonic. 
 
 Cham-o-sniria Ro-iiia'iia.* An- 
 other name for the Anthemis nobilis. 
 
 Chancre,shank'er ; Fr. pronunciation, 
 shoxkR. [A French corruption of the Latin 
 cancer.\ A sore or ulcer arising from the 
 direct application of the syphilitic poison. 
 
 Cliandoo'- An extract of opium 
 prepared by the Chinese for smoking. 
 
 Change of Life. In popular language, 
 the constitutional disturbance often at- 
 tending the cessation of the menstrual 
 discharge in females. 
 
 Elian v re. See Cannabis Sativa. 
 
 Chara«ese, i: ka-ra'she-e. [From 
 
 Cha'ra , one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of cryptogamous, aquatic plants, 
 remarkable for the distinctness with 
 which the rotation of their fluids may be 
 seen under a microscope. See Chara 
 Hispida. 
 
 Char'ac-ters, Chem'i-cal. V arious 
 systems of these have been introduced, 
 but are now almost entirely discarded 
 from use. Abbreviations and contrac- 
 tions are employed instead. See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Cha'ra His'pa-da.* A submersed, 
 leafless, aquatic plant, interesting to the 
 physiologist as displaying the special 
 circulation in plants, and as being analo- 
 gous in Botany to the frog in Zoology. 
 
 Char'coal commonly denotes coal 
 from burnt wood (or carbo ligni ), but is 
 often used indefinitely for the residue of 
 any animal or vegetable and of many 
 
 mineral substances when heated to red* 
 ness in close vessels. There are severa\ 
 varieties of charcoal, termed gas-carbon, 
 lamp-black, wood-charcoal, coke, and 
 ivory-black. 
 
 Charpie (Fr.), shar-pee'. A sub- 
 stance composed of a collection of fila- 
 ments separated from morsels of old 
 linen rag, used as lint. 
 
 Chartreux. Pond re de, poodR d§h 
 shaR’truh'. See Kermes Mineral. 
 
 (hay Root, or Cha'ya Root- The 
 root of the Oldenlan' dia umbel/a' ta , used 
 for giving the beautiful red of the 
 Madras cottons. 
 
 Cheek. See Bucca, Gena, Mala. 
 
 Clieek '-Roaie. The Os juga'le , Os 
 ma'lfe, or Os zygomat' icum. 
 
 Cheese. [Lat. Ca'seus; Fr. Fromage f 
 fro'm&zh'.] A substance prepared from 
 milk, composed chiefly of casein mixed 
 with a small but variable proportion of 
 oil (butter). See Casein. 
 
 Cheese Ren 'net. The popular name 
 for Galium Verum, which see. 
 
 tlieiloplastic, ki-lo-plas'tik. [Chei- 
 loplas'ticns.] Belonging to the ope- 
 ration of cheiloplasty. 
 
 Cheiloplasty, ki'lo-plas-te. [Chei- 
 loplas'tice; from \ei\og, the “lip,” and 
 nXaaacj, to “form.”] The operation of 
 supplying deficiencies of the lips by ap- 
 propriating a sufficient portion of the 
 neighboring healthy substance to that 
 purpose. 
 
 Cheiroptera. See Cheiropterus. 
 
 Cheiropterus,* kl-rop'ter-us. 
 
 [From \tip, the “hand,” and Trrspov, a 
 “wing.”] Literally, “hand-winged,” — 
 that is, having both wings and hands. 
 Applied in the plural neuter (Cheirop'- 
 tera ) to a family of Mammalia that have 
 a fold of skin extending from the neck 
 between their fore-feet and toes, enabling 
 certain of them to fly, as the bat-tribe: 
 cheirop'terous. 
 
 Che'la.* [Gr. ^Atf.] A Latin word 
 signifying “claw,” but found in the 
 Roman writers only in the plural, Che'- 
 lae. It is applied in Natural History 
 especially to the claws of the crab, lob- 
 ster, and other Crustaceans. 
 
 Chelae Cancrorum. See Cancro- 
 rum, Lapilli et Chelae. 
 
 Che-lf^'e-ra.* [From che'la , a 
 “claw,” and sepag, a “horn.”] In the plu-* 
 ral ( Cheli^'erse) applied to the prehensile 
 organs of certain Arachnides . terminated 
 by two fingers, or a single one resem- 
 bling a hook or claw. 
 
 Cliel-i-do'iii-iiiii.,* [From xcXtJjji/, a 
 
 113 
 
CHE 
 
 " swallow,” because its flowering coin- 
 cides in time with the appearance of the 
 swallow.] The Celandine (sel'an-din), 
 a genus of plants belonging to the Lin- 
 naean class Polyandria, natural order 
 Papaveracese. 
 
 Chelido'nium Ma'jus. :s (The 
 u Greater Celandine.”) An herb, the 
 yellow juice of which has been employed 
 as an escharotic to destroy warts. 
 
 Che-lif 'er-ous. [Chelif 'erus; from 
 che'la, a “claw,” and fe'ro , to “bear.”] 
 Bearing, or having, claws, or pincers. 
 
 Chel'I-form. [Chelifor'mis; from 
 che'la, a “claw.”] Formed like a claw. 
 
 Che'loid. [Cheloi'des; from xsXuj, 
 a “tortoise,” and £u5o$, a “form.”] Ap- 
 plied to a skin-disease ; resembling the 
 tortoise. 
 
 Che-lo'ni-a.* [From XfXw//, a “tor- 
 toise.”] An order of Reptilia, including 
 the several varieties of the tortoise. See 
 Testudo. 
 
 Chem'I-cal. [Chem'icus; from che'- 
 mia.\ Of, or belonging to, chemistry. 
 
 Chem'is-try. [Lat. Che'mia, Chi'- 
 111 ia, or Chy'mia; supposed by some 
 to be derived from the Greek to 
 
 “pour out,” or to “melt;” others derive 
 it from the Arabic. Fr. Chimie, sh&'m6\] 
 “The science which investigates the 
 composition of natural substances, and 
 the permanent changes of constitution 
 which their mutual actions produce.” 
 
 Clie-mo'sis,* or Chy-mo'sis.** 
 [From XY-to?, a “humor,” or xhun, an 
 “aperture.”] Inflammation of the con- 
 junctiva, with lymph or blood effused in 
 the cellular substance connecting it with 
 the eyeball, so that it is greatly elevated 
 and the cornea seems to form the bottom 
 of a cavity. 
 
 Chene (Fr.), shin. See Quercus. 
 Chenopodiaeesc,* ke-no-po-de-a'- 
 she-e. [From Chenopo' diurn, one of the 
 genera.] The Atrip' lices of Jussieu, a 
 natural order of plants, comprising spin- 
 age, beet, and many weeds found in 
 nearly all parts of the world. 
 
 Che-no-po'dl-um.* [From xw, a 
 “goose,” and novs, nodog, a “foot.”] A 
 plant called Goosefoot, belonging to the 
 Linnman class Pentandria , natural order 
 Chenopodiaccse. Several species of this 
 genus possess anthelmintic properties. 
 
 Chenopo'dium An-thel-min'tf- 
 cum . 5 Wormseed; a plant growing in 
 different parts of the United States. The 
 seeds are given in powder, as a remedy 
 for worms, in the dose of one or two tea- 
 spoonfuls to a child three or four years 
 114 
 
 CHI 
 
 old. Of the oil, the dose is from four to 
 eight drops. 
 
 Cher ' ry«Lau 'rel, or Cherry, Bay. 
 
 The Pru'nus laurocer'asus. 
 
 Chevestre, she-ves'tr (Fr. pronun- 
 ciation, sheh-vetR'). [Lat. Capis'trum , 
 i.e. a “ halter.”] A double roller applied 
 to the head in cases of fracture or luxa- 
 tion of the lower jaw. 
 
 Chew 'mg’ Balls. Masticatories used 
 in farriery, composed of the wood of the 
 bay and juniper trees, assafoetida, liver 
 of antimony, and pellitory of Spain. 
 
 Chewing; the Cud. See Rumination. 
 
 Chi-as'ma, atis.* [From xia^o, to 
 “make the letter X.”] Chi'asm. The 
 crossing of the fibres of the optic nerve. 
 See Intricatura. 
 
 Chiaster,* ke-as'ter. A bandage for 
 stopping haemorrhage from the temporal 
 artery, and named from its being shaped 
 like a cross or the Greek letter X (chi). 
 Written also Ki aster. 
 
 ChicK'en Pox. The popular English 
 name for Varicella. 
 
 Chigre, chig'ger, Chigo, chee'go. 
 (Fr. Chique, sh£k.) A small sand-flea 
 of the West Indies, which insinuates 
 itself into the soft and tender parts of 
 the fingers and toes. 
 
 Chil blain. [Per'nio, o'ms.] See 
 Blain. A painful inflammatory swell- 
 ing on the fingers, toes, or heels, conse- 
 quent on exposure to severe cold ; a kibe. 
 
 Child-Bed Fever. See Puerperal 
 Fever. 
 
 Chl-mapli 'I-la.* [From xa>a, “win- 
 ter,” and to “love.”] The Phar- 
 
 macopoeial name for the Chimaph'ila 
 corymbo' sa. A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Decandria , natural order Pyrola- 
 cese. See Pvrola. 
 
 Chimaph'ila Cor-ym-bo'sa,* Chi- 
 maph'ila IT m-bel-la ' ta.* The Pyr'ola 
 umbella'ta, or American winter-green. 
 
 Chimie, sh£'m6\ The French term 
 for Chemistry, which see. 
 
 Chim'ney - Sweep'er’s Can 'cer. 
 [Can'cer Mundito'rum.] See Cancer 
 Scroti. 
 
 Chi'na Glaze. A preparation for 
 printing blue frit, made from ten parts 
 of glass, two parts of lead, and three or 
 more of blue calx. 
 
 China Nova,* Ke'nft no'v&. The 
 name given in Germany to the red bark 
 known in France as Quinquina nova (or 
 Quinquina rouge); it is the produce of 
 the Cinchona oblongifolia. It is very 
 different from the red bark of English 
 commerce, though they have been con- 
 
CHI 
 
 CHL 
 
 founded by the London College. — (Hob- 
 lyn.) 
 
 Chinchilla,'* kin-kee'na. Cinchona, 
 or Peruvian bark. 
 
 Chinclioiia. See Cinchona. 
 
 Chin-Cough. See Pertussis. 
 
 Chi-nese' Worm wood. The Arte- 
 misia Chinensis. 
 
 Chi-noidin. [Chinoidi'na : from 
 chi' na, “ Peruvian bark,” and eifos, “ like- 
 ness.”] A substance containing a small 
 portion of amorphous quinine. 
 
 ChPra-gra,* orCflteir'a-g , ra.* [From 
 \zlp } the “hand,” and uypa, a “seizure.”] 
 Gout in the joints of the hand. 
 
 Chi-ret'ta.* The Pharmacopoeia! 
 name (U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for the herb 
 and root of the Agathotes chirayta , or 
 Gentiana Chirayta, which see. 
 
 Chi-ro'nl-a.* [From Chi' ran, the 
 “centaur,” fabled to have been a skilful 
 physician.] A Linnsean genus of the 
 class Pentandria , natural order Gentiana- 
 cese. 
 
 Chiro'nia Cen-tau'ri-um.* An 
 
 herb called the Lesser Centaury. (Fr. 
 Centaur ee petite , soN G 'to'iA' peh-tet'.) The 
 tops ( Centau'rii cacu'mina) are aromatic 
 and tonic. 
 
 Chi-rur'geon. See Surgeon. 
 
 Chi-rur'ger-y. [Chirur'gia; from 
 Xdp, the “hand,” and epyou, a “work.”] 
 Literally, a “manual operation:” hence, 
 that part of medicine which heals with 
 the hand, without, however, excluding 
 other remedies. See Surgery. 
 
 Chl-rur'gi-cal. [€hirnr'gicns ; 
 from chirur'gia.] Belonging to sur- 
 gery; surgical. 
 
 Chi-rur'gus.* [From xeip, the 
 “hand,” and spyov, a “work.”] A sur- 
 geon, or chirurgeon. 
 
 Chi-ti 'na.* [From \ir 'v, a “doublet.”] 
 The hard crust forming the outward in- 
 tegument, — especially the elytra of cer- 
 tain insects; the chitine. 
 
 Chlsenacese,* kle-na'she-e. [From 
 XKaiva, a “ cloak,” and, hence, an “ involu- 
 crum,” all plants of this order having 
 involucra.] A natural order of exogen- 
 ous trees and shrubs, found in Madagas- 
 car: many of them have showy flowers. 
 Sometimes written Chlenacese. 
 
 Chlo-as'ma, atis* [From ^Xo.^w, to 
 “ be green.”] A cutaneous affection ex- 
 hibiting spots and patches of a yellow- 
 ish-brown color, sometimes called Mac' - 
 ulse hepat'icse (“liver spots”), from a 
 supposition that they are caused by 
 disease of the liver. The Pityriasis versi- 
 color of Willan. 
 
 Chlor-a-cet'ic A remark- 
 
 able acid, in which the three atoms of the 
 hydrogen of acetic acid are replaced by 
 three atoms of chlorine. 
 
 Chlo'ral. This term, derived from 
 the first syllable of the words chlorine 
 and alcohol , has been applied by Liebig 
 to a new compound of chlorine, carbon, 
 and oxygen, prepared by the mutual 
 action of alcohol and chlorine. 
 
 Chloranthaceae,*klo-ran-tha'she-e. 
 [From Chloran'thus , one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of plants, found in the 
 hot parts of India and America. They 
 have stimulating properties of great im- 
 portance. The root of Chloran'thus offi- 
 c iiia'lis is prized in Java as a remedy for 
 typhus fever. 
 
 Chlo rate. [Chlo'ras, a 'tis; from 
 chlor'icum ag'idum.] A combination of 
 chloric acid with a base. 
 
 Chlo'ric. [Chlo'ricus; from chlo'- 
 rium , “chlorine.”] Derived from chlo- 
 rine; of the nature of chlorine. 
 
 Chlo'ric E'ther. Under this name 
 two compounds have been confounded. 
 One of these results from the action of 
 chlorine on olefiant gas, and is generally 
 known as the oil of the Dutch chemists . 
 The other is obtained by passing hydro- 
 chloric acid gas into alcohol to satura- 
 tion and distilling the product; this is 
 generally called hydrochloric ether. 
 
 Clilo'ride. [Chlo'ridum; from 
 chlo'rium. Fr. Chlorure, klo'riiR'.] A 
 combination of chlorine with different 
 substances. 
 
 Chloride of Mercury. See II y- 
 
 DRARGYRI CHLORIDUM. 
 
 Chlo'rine. [Chlo'rium: fromxXw- 
 po ? , “green.”] An elementary body, for- 
 merly called oxy-muriatic acid, also de- 
 phlogisticated marine acid. 
 
 Chlo-ri'o-date. [Chlori'odas, a 'tis; 
 from chloriod'icum a^idum.] A combina- 
 tion of chloriodic acid with a base. 
 
 Chlo-ri-od 'ic. [Chloriod ions; 
 
 from chlo'rium , “chlorine,” and iodin'- 
 ium , “iodine.”] Belonging to chlorine 
 and iodine. Applied to an acid ob- 
 tained from this compound. 
 
 Chlo'ro-. A prefix in compound 
 terms, meaning that chlorine is one of 
 the components of the substance de- 
 noted, or is employed in its preparation. 
 
 Chlo-ro-car-tooii'ie. [Chlorocar- 
 bon'icus; from chloro-, and carlo' - 
 nium. ] Applied to an acid obtained from 
 chlorine and carbon. See Phosgene 
 Gas. 
 
 Chlo'ro-form, or Chlo-ro-for'- 
 
 115 
 
CHL 
 
 CHO 
 
 myle. [Chlorofor'mum ; from chlo'- 
 rine, and for'myle .] A colorless volatile 
 liquid varying in specific gravity from 
 1.45 to 1.49, obtained by distilling a 
 mixture of chloride of lime and alcohol. 
 It is a powerful anaesthetic agent. It is 
 usually administered in the form of 
 vapor, being inhaled into the lungs. It 
 is sometimes taken into the stomach, as 
 an anodyne or soporific, in which case a 
 fluidrachm is equivalent to about thirty - 
 five drops of laudanum. 
 
 dilo-ro-for'imnn Ve-na'le.* 
 (“ Commercial Chloroform. ”) The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) of the ter- 
 chloride of formyle. See preceding 
 article. 
 
 Chlo-rom'e-ter. [€!iSoa*oaii'e- 
 
 trum; from chlo'rium , and psrpoi/, a 
 “ measure.”] An apparatus for esti- 
 mating the quantity of chlorine in com- 
 bination with water, or a base; but 
 especially for ascertaining the bleaching 
 power of a solution of chlorine, or chlo- 
 ride of lime, etc. See next article. 
 
 Clilo-rom'e-try, or Clilo-rim'e- 
 try. [From the same.] The process 
 of estimating the bleaching power of 
 chloride of lime, by the quantity of a 
 solution of sulphate of indigo which a 
 known weight of chloride can discolor 
 or render yellow. 
 
 dilo'ro-pliyll, written also Chlo- 
 rophyll©. [From xAcopd*, “ green,” 
 and (/iwAAciy, a “leaf.”] The green color- 
 ing matter of leaves. 
 
 Chlo-ro'sis.* [From \\ojp6<; y “green.”] 
 A disease peculiar to young females 
 under retention or suppression of the 
 menstrual discharge; green-sickness. A 
 genus of the order Adynamise, class 
 Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Chlo-rot'ic. [Chlorot'icus.] Be- 
 longing to chlorosis. 
 
 Chlo'rous A^j'icl. The peroxide of 
 chlorine, because approaching to an 
 acid in its nature. 
 
 Chlor'u-ret. [Chi orure' turn; from 
 
 chlo'rium. Fr. Chlorure , klo'rviu'.] A 
 combination of chlorine with a metal, or 
 inflammable body. See Chloride. 
 
 Chl©r-y'«lric A^'id. The name 
 given by Thenard to muriatic, now 
 called hydrochloric, acid. 
 
 Clioke'-I>;imp. (Ger. Damp/, a “va- 
 por.”) A name applied by miners to all 
 irrespirable gases, but more especially to 
 carbonic acid gas. 
 
 •Cho-lse'ml-a.* [From \o\fi, “bile,” 
 and alpa , “blood.”] The presence of 
 bile-pigment in the blood: cliole'my. 
 
 116 
 
 €hol 'a-gogue. [Cholag© 'g-us ? 
 
 from xoA> 7 , “bile,” and aya>, to “lead 
 or carry off.”] Applied to a medicine 
 which has the property of increasing the 
 evacuation of bile. 
 
 Cho'le.* [Gr. * 0 A 17 .] Bile. See Bilis. 
 
 €ho'le-ate. [Cho'leas, a 'tin.] A 
 combination of choleic acid with a base. 
 
 Cho-le-sys-ti'tis, i dis* [From cho- 
 lecys'tis, the “gall-bladder.”] Inflam- 
 mation of the gall-bladder. 
 Chol'edoch. See Choledochus. 
 
 Cho-led'o-clms.* [From x<>M, and 
 Sexo/xat, to “receive.”] (Fr. ChoUdoque , 
 ko'la'dok'.) Receiving gall or bile. See 
 Ductus Communis Choledochus. 
 
 Cho-le'ic. [Chole'icus; from xoAi?, 
 “bile.”] Relating to bile. Applied to 
 an acid obtained from bile. 
 
 Cho-le'in. [Cliolei'na; from xoAd, 
 “bile.”] The peculiar principle of bile. 
 
 Cliol-e-pjr'rhin. [Cholepyrrhi'- 
 na; from xohh, “bile,” and n-fpog, “yel- 
 low.”] A term synonymous with Bili- 
 phein. 
 
 Chol'e-ra.* [From x<Aj 7 , “bile,” and 
 pica, to “flow;” or *oA ag, the “intestines,” 
 and pica, to “flow.”] A vomiting and 
 purging of bile (this is true at least re- 
 specting European Cholera), with painful 
 griping, and spasm of the muscles of 
 the abdomen and calves of the legs, etc. 
 A genus of the order Spasmi , class Neu- 
 roses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Chol'era, Asiat'ic. [Chol'era Asiat'- 
 ica .] A remarkable epidemic disease, 
 consisting in a malignant form of chol- 
 era, in which all the symptoms are much 
 more severe and rapid in their progress 
 to a too generally fatal issue. 
 
 Chol'era Bilio'sa.* (“ Bilious Chol- 
 era.”) Copious and frequent vomiting, 
 at first of the alimentary and fecal mat- 
 ters, with redundancy of bile, and spasms 
 of the legs and thighs. This is nothing 
 more than a form or variety of European 
 Cholera. 
 
 Chol'era, Europe'an. [Chol'era Eh - 
 ro^a?'a.] A name given to cholera as it 
 usually appears in Europe when not 
 epidemic, to distinguish it from the epi- 
 demic and malignant form of the dis- 
 ease known as Asiatic Cholera. 
 
 Chol'era Infan'tum.* (“Cholera of 
 Infants.”) A name applied to a disease 
 common among children in the United 
 States during the summer months, and 
 hence called the “ summer-complaint.” 
 It is attended with vomiting and purging 
 of green or yellow matter often mixed 
 with slime or blood. 
 
Clio 
 
 CHO 
 
 Chol'era Mor'bits.* A common name 
 of non-epidemic cholera. See Cholera, 
 European. 
 
 Chol-e-ra'ic. [Cholera'icus.] The 
 
 same as Cholericus. 
 
 Cho-l£r'I-cns. :i: ' (Fr. Cholerique, ko‘- 
 H'rek'.) Belonging to cholera. Also, 
 bilious. 
 
 Chol'er-oid. [Choleroi'des; from 
 chol'era, and eidog, a “form.”] Resern- 
 bling cholera. Applied to diseases of 
 this character. 
 
 Choler-o-pho'bi-a.* [From chol'- 
 era , and (pottos , “fear.”] A dread of 
 cholera. 
 
 Chol'er-o-i>ho'ne.- [From chol'era , 
 and 0coi/>?, the “voice.”] The Vox chol- 
 er'ica, or faint whispering voice of chole- 
 raic patients. 
 
 Chole-ste-a-to'ma, a tis.* [From 
 \oh i, “bile,” and stcato'ma.] A fatty 
 tumor, laminated and pearly, principally 
 composed of crystals of cholesterin. 
 
 Chol-es-ter-aemi-a.* [From choles'- 
 terin , and alya, “blood.”] Applied to a 
 morbid excess of cholesterin in the blood, 
 resulting from non-excretion. 
 
 Chol-es-t£r'ie A^'id. An acid formed 
 by the action of nitric acid on cholesterin. 
 
 Cho-les'ter-in, or Cho-l£s'ter-ine. 
 [Cholesteri'na: from \o\ri, “bile,” and 
 cTcpeos, “ firm,” or “ solid.”] A pearl-like, 
 fatty substance, of which human biliary 
 calculi are chiefly composed. 
 
 Chol'ic. [Choi'icus; from xo\fj, 
 “bile.”] Belonging to bile; bilious. 
 
 Chol ic A$'ld. [A^'idum Chol'i- 
 cum.] A peculiar acid obtained from bile. 
 
 Chol'I-nate. [Chol'inas, a'ik] 
 Cholinic acid combined with a base. 
 
 Cho-lin'ic A$'id. [A^'idum Cho- 
 lin'icnm.] A peculiar substance ob- 
 tained from bile. 
 
 Chololic. See Cholic. 
 
 Chol-o-lith'ic. [Chololith'icns; 
 from cholol'ithus.] Belonging to a gall- 
 stone. 
 
 Cho-lol 'I- thus.* [From *0X17, “bile,” 
 and \i8og, a “stone.”] A gall-stone, or 
 biliary calculus. 
 
 Cho-lo'sis.* [From %oX'-. “bile.”] 
 In the plural ( Cholo'ses ), biliary dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Chon-dral'gi-a.* [From x° v fy°s, 
 “ cartilage,” and aXyog , “pain.”] Pain 
 (rheumatic, arthritic, or inflammatory) 
 of the cartilages. 
 
 Chon 'drill, orChon'drine. [Chon- 
 dri'na; from x^pog, “cartilage.”] Ge- 
 latin obtained from the permanent car- 
 tilages, cornea, etc. See Chondrogen. 
 
 11 
 
 Chon'dro-g-en. [From \6vipog, “car- 
 tilage,” and yewao), to “produce.”] Tho 
 base of true cartilage and of the cornea. 
 By boiling it is resolved into Chondrin. 
 
 Clion-dro-gen 'e-sis.* [From tho 
 same.] The formation of cartilage. 
 
 Chon-dro-glos'sns.* A small mus- 
 cle, or rather fasciculus of muscular 
 fibres, running from the cartilage of the 
 os hyoides to the tongue. It may be 
 considered as a part of the hyoc/lossus. 
 
 Chon-d rog ' ra-pliy . [Cliondro- 
 gra phia; from xordpog, “cartilage,” and 
 ypdpoj, to “write.”] A history or de- 
 scription of the cartilages. 
 
 Chon'droid. [Chondroi'des; from 
 Xoudpo;, “cartilage,” and eitog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling cartilage. 
 
 Chon-drol o-gy. [Chondrolo'gia ; 
 from xovtpoz, “cartilage,” and Aoyoj, a 
 “discourse.”] A dissertation on the na- 
 ture and structure of cartilages; the 
 science of cartilages. 
 
 Chon-dro'ma, a th* [From xw&pog, 
 “cartilage.”] A cartilaginous growth. 
 
 ChoiMlrop-te-rygi-iis. ;i: [From 
 
 X^vdfMg, “cartilage,” and nrcpvyiov, a “lit- 
 tlewing.”] “Cartilage-finned.” Applied 
 in the plural masculine ( Chondropte - 
 ryg'ii) to a tribe or series of fishes. 
 
 Chondros. See Cartilage. 
 
 Chon -dro 'sis.* The progress of 
 Chondroma. The formation of carti- 
 lage. 
 
 Chon -d rot 'o-my. [Chondroto'- 
 
 mia; from xo^pog, “cartilage,” and 
 repo’ to, to “cut.”] Dissection or division 
 of cartilage. 
 
 Chon'drns Cr sp'ns.* Carrageen, 
 or Irish moss. A plant belonging to the 
 natural order Alyacese. 
 
 Chor da.- [Gr. x°pto, an “intestine,” 
 a “chord.”] A chord; originally the 
 string of a harp : hence, any string ; a 
 sinew, or nerve. Applied in Geometry 
 to a right line extending from one ex- 
 tremity of an arch to another. 
 
 Chor'da Mag'na.* (The “Great 
 Cord, or Sinew.”) The Tend-o Achilli*. 
 
 Chor'da Tym'pan-i.* (The “Cord 
 of the Tympanum.”) A branch of tlie 
 seventh pair of nerves. 
 
 Chor'da Ven-tric'u-li.* (“Nerve 
 of the Stomach.”) A designation of the 
 gastric plexus of the par vagvni. 
 
 Chor'dse Ten-din 'e-ae.* (“Ten- 
 dinous Cords.”) Attachments connect- 
 ing the Carnese colnmnse of the ventricles 
 to the auricular valves of the heart. 
 
 Chor'da? Vo-ca'Ies.* (“Vocal 
 Chords.”) The thyro-arytenoid liga- 
 117 
 
CHO 
 
 CHK 
 
 merits of the larynx, or the inferior 
 ligaments of the glottis : so named be- 
 cause they were supposed to produce the 
 voice. 
 
 CJiorilse Wiilisii. See Willis, 
 Chords of. 
 
 Cfior-dap'sus.* [From \opdi 7, “in- 
 testine,” and anrco, to “bind,” to “seize,” 
 to “attack.”] A kind of violent spas- 
 modic cholic, in which the large in- 
 testines seem as it were twisted into 
 knots. 
 
 -€Si»r-dee'. [Lat. Cliorcla'ta ; Fr. 
 
 Chorde , koa'da' ; literally, “corded,” or 
 “ twisted”?] A painful tension and 
 downward curvature of the penis, expe- 
 rienced in Gonorrhoea. 
 
 Ch»-re'a, :? or St. Vi tus’ Dance. 
 [From \opda, a “dancing.”] A convul- 
 sive disease, characterized by irregular 
 and involuntary movements of the limbs. 
 
 Clio-re'ic. Pertaining to Chorea. 
 
 dio'ri-on.* [Gr. Xopmv y “skin,” 
 “leather.”] The second or most exter- 
 nal membrane involving the foetus. Also 
 the Membra' na pntam' inis, or membrane 
 of the shell of the egg. 
 
 Clio 'ri- 11 111,- or Oio'ri-031.* [From 
 the same.] The dermis, or innermost 
 layer of the skin ; the true skin. 
 
 Clio'roid. [Clioroi'des; from cho'- 
 rion, and eidog, a “form.”] Resembling 
 the chorion. 
 
 Clio'roid Membrane. [Mem- 
 bra'na Clioroi'des.] The second 
 membrane of the eyeball, immediately 
 beneath the sclerotic coat. Also, the 
 Ve'lum interpos' itum, or choroid mem- 
 brane of the brain. 
 
 CJio'roid Plex'us. [Plex'us O10- 
 roi'des.] A plexus of vessels, or fold 
 of thin vascular membrane, derived from 
 the Pia mater , situated in the lateral 
 ventricles of the brain. 
 
 Clirist'mas Rose. The Hclleborus 
 niger. 
 
 Chro mate. [Oiro'mas, a 7 t«.] A 
 combination of chromic acid with a base. 
 
 Cliro-mat'ic. [Oironiat'icus; 
 
 from xp'hpoi, xp^p^b “color.”] Relating 
 to color, or colors; having color. See 
 Achromatic. 
 
 diro'ma-tasaii. [Ctiromatis'mus ; 
 
 from the same.] The prismatic aberra- 
 tion of the rays of light, — or, in other 
 words, the aberration of refrangibility, — 
 caused by the different kinds of rays 
 being refracted unequally. 
 
 Chro'ma-to&'e-nous. [Oiroma- 
 to&'euus; from XP^P 01 , “color,” and 
 yerraoj, to “generate.”] Generating or 
 118 
 
 forming color. Applied chiefly to tlia 
 functions of the derma. 
 
 Ctiro-ma-tol'o-gy. [€liroanatolo'« 
 
 gia; from xp^p*, “color,” and Aoyo,-, a 
 “discourse.”] The science of colors. 
 
 Cl»ro ma-top sy. [Cliroiiiatop'- 
 sia; from xp^pet, “color,” and 
 “vision.”] Colored vision. 
 
 Cliro'ma- trope. [Cliromat'ro- 
 pus, or Oiromatro'pium; from XP^P a t 
 “color,” and rpsn o>, to “turn.”] An in- 
 strument for exhibiting, on the principle 
 of the magic lantern, a variety of colors 
 producing, by a rapid revolving motion, 
 beautiful and highly pleasing figures. 
 
 ■Clirome. A metal. See Chromium. 
 
 Chrome Al um. A crystallizable, 
 double salt, formed of the sulphates of 
 chromium and of potash. 
 
 Chrome Yellow. The chromate of 
 lead, much used as a pigment. 
 
 Chromic. [Chro'micus.] Belong- 
 ing to Chromium. See Chromic Acid. 
 
 Chro'mic A$'id. [Aq til u am Chro - 
 micuan.] A teroxide of chromium 
 forming a valuable escharotic for the re- 
 moval of morbid growths, especially 
 those of syphilitic origin. It has been 
 assigned a place on the primary list of 
 the Materia Medica in the U.S. Pharma- 
 copoeia for 1860. 
 
 Chro-mi-dro'sis.* [From xp^pa, a 
 “color,” and ISpoco, to “sweat.”] Abnor- 
 mal coloration of the perspiration. 
 
 Chro'mi-um,* orCHiroms. [From 
 Xp'hpa, a “color.”] A metal extracted 
 from native chromate of lead or of iron. 
 It is whitish, brittle, and very difficult 
 to fuse. The specific gravity is 5.5. 
 
 Chro'mo-£en. [ Chromagc iiaam ; 
 from xpupa, a “color,” and yewaei, to 
 “ generate.”] Vegetable coloring matter, 
 which, acted on by acids and alkalies, 
 produces red, yellow, or green tints. 
 
 Chromopsy. See Ciiromatopsy. 
 
 Chro'mule, or, better, Chro'myle. 
 [From xp&pa, “ color,” and v\n, “ material,” 
 “substance.”] Other names for ehJoro- 
 phyllj or the coloring matter of plants. 
 
 Chron'ic. [Chron'icus; from xp^rog, 
 “time.”] Long-continued; opposed to 
 acute. 
 
 Chron'o-ther'inal. [Chronother- 
 ina lis; from xp 1 ™ 0 b “time,” and flcp/ 1 . 7 , 
 “heat.”] Relating to time and tempe- 
 rature. Applied to a theory that all 
 diseases have periodic intermissions, 
 with alternate chills and heats. 
 
 Chro-op'sl-a,* written also Chrup'- 
 sia (by a contraction of tho Greek 
 Xpoo\pia into xp°' Jl P^ a , which in Latin be- 
 
CIIR 
 
 CIL 
 
 comes Chrupsia). The same as Chro- 
 matopsia. See Chromatopsy. 
 
 Chrot'ic. [Clirot'icus; from XP' J 's, 
 “skin.”] Of or belonging to the skin. 
 
 Chrjte'a-lis, idis .* [From Xpw<k, 
 “gold.”] The second stage in the meta- 
 morphosis of insects. See Aurelia. 
 
 Clirysobalanaceae,* kris-o-bal-a- 
 na'she-e. [From ChrysobaV anus, one of 
 the genera.] A natural order of shrubs 
 and trees, related to Rosacese. Several 
 species produce esculent stone-fruits. 
 
 CUrys o-bal a-iius.* [From xp'><r°g, 
 “gold,” and (iaXauog, a “corn.”] Lite- 
 rally, the “golden acorn” or “nut.” 
 A name sometimes given to the nutmeg. 
 
 Clirys'o-b£r'yl. [From XP"o6g, 
 “gold,” and (inpvXXog, “beryl.”] A beau- 
 tiful gem of a pale yellow or green color, 
 consisting of glucina and alumina. 
 
 -Clirys'o-col'Ia.- [From xpu<7<%,“g old,” 
 and KoWa, a “glue.”] “Glue for Gold.” 
 The Greek name for borax. But it does 
 not appear that borax was known to the 
 ancients : their chrysocolla is said to 
 have been a very different substance, 
 composed of the rust of copper triturated 
 with urine. The name chrysocolla is now 
 applied to a mineral composed chiefly of 
 silica and oxide of iron. 
 
 -Chrys'o-lite. [From xpwdf, “ gold,” 
 and Ai'9»?, a “stone.”] A mineral com- 
 posed chiefly of silicate of magnesia and 
 iron. It is often of a golden-yellow 
 color, and is used in jewelry. 
 
 Cliry-som'e-la. [From xpwo?,“g old,” 
 and jisXag, “black.”] A genus of cole- 
 opterous insects, named from the bril- 
 liant metallic hues, mostly of green and 
 gold, with which their wing-covers are 
 adorned. 
 
 Chryso-me'li-a.* [From XP'^og, 
 “gold,” and /4A ov, an “apple.”] The 
 Seville orange, or the Aurantii Bacca. 
 
 dirys'o-anel'I-dse.* A family of 
 coleopterous insects, of which the Chry- 
 som'ela is the type. 
 
 CJitbonopSiagia,* tho'no-fa'je-a. 
 [From x& “earth,” and0ayo>, to “eat.”] 
 A disease not uncommon among the 
 negroes of the South, accompanied by 
 a strong desire to eat dirt or earthy 
 matter. Also called Cachex'ia Africa' na. 
 
 Cliur'rus. An extract obtained from 
 Indian hemp. See Cannabis Indica. 
 
 CSiyle. [Cliy'lus; from ^uAo;, 
 “juice.”] The milk-like liquor from 
 which the blood is formed, occupying 
 the lacteal vessels and thoracic duct. 
 
 Cliy-Iif'er-oiis. [Chylif 'ems; 
 
 from chy’lus , “chyle,” and fe'ro , to 
 
 “bear,” to “carry,” to “convey.”] Bear- 
 ing or conveying chyle. 
 
 Ctiy-li-fi-ca'tion. [€hylifica'tio, 
 o'/m; from chy'lus, “chyle,” and fa' do, 
 to “make.”] The process by which the 
 chyle is separated from the chyme. 
 
 Chy-lo-poi-et/ic. [Cliylopoict'i- 
 cus; from chy'lv.s , “chyle,” and nodco, 
 to “make.”] Connected with the form- 
 ation of chyle. 
 
 Ciiy-lo'sis.* [From xvX6g, “juice.”] 
 The same as Chylification. 
 
 <Jiy-Iu'ri-a.* [From chy'lti*,“ chyle,” 
 and ovpov, “urine.”] A discharge of 
 chyle with the urine. 
 
 Chyme. [Lat. CTty'miis; Gr. X''p<’$, 
 “juice.”] The pulpy mass formed by 
 the food in its first great change in the 
 process of digestion. 
 
 (liymia and Cliymie. See Che- 
 mistry. 
 
 Chym-i-n-eation. [Chymifica'- 
 tio, o 'vis; from chy'mns, and fa'cio, to 
 “make.”] The conversion of the food 
 into chyme. 
 
 Cliymistry. See Chemistry. 
 
 Cibatio,* se-ba'she-o. [From ci'bas, 
 “food.”] The act of taking food. 
 
 Cic-a-tric'u-Ia.* [Diminutive of 
 cica'trix.] The blastoderm. 
 
 Ci-ca'trix, i'c is.* [From cicatri'co , 
 to “heal, leaving a scar.”] The scar or 
 seam of a healed wound, sore, or ulcer. 
 
 Cic-a-trl-za'tion. [Cicatriza'tio, 
 o 'nis ; from the same.] The process by 
 which a cicatrix is formed. 
 
 Cic-a-tri-za'tus.* [From the same.] 
 Cicatrized ; scarred. In Botany, having 
 a scar, or the appearance of a scar. 
 
 Cic'a-trlze. [From the same.] Lite- 
 rally, to “form a scar;” hence, to heal, 
 or skin over. 
 
 Cidioraceae,* sik-o-ra'she-e. The 
 Jussieuan name of a natural order of 
 plants, or of a section of the order Com- 
 posites. It includes lettuce, endive, etc. 
 
 Ci-cu'ta.* A Latin name for the 
 Conium Maculatum. The Cicu’ta ma- 
 cula' ta, however, of modern botanists, is 
 a different plant. 
 
 Cicutin. See Conein. 
 
 Cil'I-a.* (The plural of Cil'i-um, 
 which see.) The eyelashes, or hairs on 
 the eyelids. Sometimes applied to mi- 
 nute, slender objects attached to certain 
 animals, that have a vibratile motion. 
 
 fil'i-a-ry. [Cilia'ris; from cil'ium , 
 the “eyelash.”] Belonging to the cilium y 
 or eyelash. Also applied to several 
 parts corresponding to the junction of 
 the cornea to the sclerotic coat. 
 
 119 
 
CIL 
 
 CIN 
 
 [Cilia'tus; from cil'ium, 
 the “ eyelash.”] Having hairs, or a 
 species of pubescence, on the margin of 
 a leaf or petal ; having cilia. 
 
 Cil'I-um.* [From cil'leo , to “stir,” 
 to “ twinkle.”] A Latin term denoting 
 the eyelid, or rather the edge of the eye- 
 lid out of which the hairs grow; also 
 the eyelash. Used mostly in the plural. 
 See Cilia. 
 
 Cil-lo'sis.* [From the same.] Spas- 
 modic trembling or agitation of the eye- 
 lids. 
 
 Cim-i-cif'u-ga.* [From ci'mex, cim' - 
 ids, a “bug,” or “louse,” and fu'yo, to 
 “put to flight.”] The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) of the root of the Cim - 
 icif'uga racemo'sa, otherwise called Ac- 
 tx'a cimicif'uga and Actse'a racemo'sa, 
 a plant belonging to the natural order 
 Ranunculacese, and common in the United 
 States. It is a tonic and powerful anti- 
 spasmodic, and has been employed with 
 great success in cases of chorea and 
 uterine convulsions. 
 
 Ci-ma'll-a Ter'ra.* (“Cimolian 
 Earth.”) The same as Cimolite, which 
 see. 
 
 Cim'o-lite [from Cimo'lus, an island 
 where it was found, and A itiog, a “stone”], 
 or Cl-mo'li-ait EartSi. A celebrated 
 variety of fuller’s earth, consisting, it 
 is said, of silex, alumina, oxide of iron, 
 and water. 
 
 Cin-elio'na.* [Named from the 
 Countess del Chinchon or C Inchon , sig- 
 nally cured by its use.] A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Pcntandrva, natural 
 order Cinchonacese. Some recent writers 
 insist that the proper spelling of the 
 word is Chinchona. Also, a general term 
 for the various species of Peruvian bark; 
 including the following kinds: — 
 
 Cincho'na Fla'va.* (“Yellow Cin- 
 chona.”) The bark Cincho'na Calisa'ya, 
 called in commerce “Calisaya Bark,” 
 and containing not less than two per 
 cent, of alkaloids yielding crystallizable 
 salts. 
 
 Cincho'na Pal'lida.* (“Pale Cin- 
 chona.”) The bark of Cincho'na Conda- 
 min'ea and of C. Micron' tha. 
 
 Cincho'na Ru'bra* (“Red Cin- 
 chona.”) The bark of an undetermined 
 species of cinchona, called in commerce 
 “Red Bark,” and containing not less 
 than two per cent, of alkaloids yielding 
 crystallizable salts. (See U.S. Pharma- 
 copoeia for 1860.) 
 
 To which may be added the 
 
 Cincho'na Purpu'rea,* the produce 
 120 
 
 of which is termed in commerce “Brown 
 Bark” and “Huamilies Bark.” 
 
 The virtues of Peruvian bark, the dis- 
 covery of which forms an era in the science 
 of medicine, are due to a number of dif- 
 ferent principles, among which the alka- 
 loids quinia and cinchonia are the most 
 important. Both of these are in a high 
 degree tonic and febrifuge; but they 
 are especially remarkable for their effi- 
 cacy against diseases of a periodical 
 character, as tertians, quartans, etc. 
 Hence those alkaloids, as well as the 
 bark in substance, have been termed 
 antiperiodics. 
 
 Cinchonacese,* sin-ko-na'she-e. 
 [From Cincho'na, the most important of 
 the genera.] A large natural order of 
 exogenous plants, mostly trees or shrubs, 
 found in hot climates, including, besides 
 the Cinchona, the Coffee-tree, the Ceph- 
 aelis Ipecacuanha, and other important 
 plants. Powerful febrifugal properties 
 in the bark, or emetic in the roots, are 
 the great features of this order, the most 
 valuable products of which are cinchona 
 and ipecacuanha. The beauty or fra- 
 grance of the flowers of some plants of 
 this order (for example, the Gardenias 
 and Ixoras ) is unsurpassed in the vege- 
 table kingdom. 
 
 Cin-cho-na/ceous. [Cinchona'- 
 
 ceus.] Having an arrangement as in 
 the Cinchona. See Cinchonacese. 
 
 Cin-elion'ic. [Cinchon'icus; from 
 Cincho'na.'} Belonging to Cinchona. Ap- 
 plied to an acid obtained from all the 
 species. See Kinic Acid. 
 
 Cin'cho-nin, or Cin'cho-nlne. 
 [Cinchoni'na; from Cincho'na.'] A 
 peculiar vegetable principle, or alkali, 
 discovered in the Cinchona Condaminea. 
 
 Cin'er-eS,* the plural of Ci'nis, sig- 
 nifying “ashes.” Usually applied to 
 pot- or pearl-ashes. 
 
 Cin'eres Clav-el-la'ti.* [From 
 ci'nis, plural cin'eres, and cla'vus, a 
 “nail,” a “wedge.”] Pearl-ash, or the 
 Potassa impnra. The name is derived 
 from the little wedges or billets into 
 which the wood was cut to make potash. 
 
 Ci-ne' re-us.* The same as Cine- 
 ritioits, which see. 
 
 Cineritious, sin-e-rish'us. [Cine- 
 ritius; from ci'nis , cin'eris , the ashes of 
 any burnt substance.] Belonging to or 
 resembling ashes in color. Applied to 
 the cortical substance of the brain, etc. 
 
 £i-net'I-cus.* [From Kivctn, to “move.”] 
 Cinet'ic. Applied in the plural neuter 
 ( Cinct'ica ) to an order of the Neurotica 
 
CIN 
 
 CIR 
 
 of Dr. Good, including diseases which 
 affect the muscles. 
 
 Ci'nis,* gen. Cin'er-is. The Latin 
 term for “ ash” or “ ashes.” See Cineres. 
 
 £in'na-bar. [Lat. Cinnafo'aris; 
 Gr. Kiwa6a.pi.] The red sulphuret or bi- 
 sulphuret of mercury. Also applied to 
 a resinous substance of a bright red 
 color obtained from the juice of an In- 
 dian tree. 
 
 Cin'na-bar-inc. [Cinnabari'nus.] 
 
 Belonging to cinnabar ; containing cin- 
 nabar. 
 
 Ciimabre, sin'n&bR'. The French 
 for Cinnabar, which see. 
 
 (in-nam ic A$'id. An acid pro- 
 cured from the oil of cinnamon. 
 
 Cin-na-m©'muin,* or Cin'na-mon. 
 [From the Arabic Kinamon .] The Phar- 
 macopoeial name || for the bark of the 
 Cinnamo'mum Zeylan'icum ; otherwise 
 called the Lau'rns cinnamo'mum. The 
 U.S. Pharmacopoeia embraces under the 
 name of Cinnamomum , or Cinnamon, the 
 bark of the C. aromaticum as well as the 
 C. Zeylanicum. Cinnamon is a most 
 grateful and efficient aromatic. It is 
 warm and cordial to the stomach, car- 
 minative and astringent, and is well 
 adapted to relieve nausea and flatu- 
 lence. 
 
 Cinnamon. See Cinnamomum. 
 
 Cin'na-mon Suet. A production 
 of the cinnamon-tree, used in Ceylon for 
 making candles. According to Dr. 
 Christison, it contains eight per cent, of 
 a fluid oil not unlike olive oil ; the re- 
 mainder is a waxy principle, which 
 answers very nearly to cerin. 
 
 Cin'namon-Tree. The Cinnamo'mum 
 Zeylan ' icum . 
 
 Cin'namon-Tree, Wild. The Lau- 
 rus cassia. 
 
 £i-o-ni'tis, idis* [From Kiovig, the 
 “ uvula.”] Inflammation of the uvula. 
 
 £i-©-nor-rba'phi-a.* [From Kiovig, 
 the “ uvula,” and ptyri, a “seam.”] The 
 same as Staphylorrhaphy, which see. 
 
 £i-o-not'o-my. [Cionoto'mia; 
 from Kiovig , the “uvula,” and Tepvoj, to 
 “cut.”] Cutting off of a part of the 
 uvula when too long. 
 
 Cip'o-lin. [From cipol'la, the Italian 
 word for “onion:” named in allusion to 
 the zones, supposed to resemble the layers 
 of an onion.] A green marble, with 
 white zones, brought from Rome. It 
 gives fire with steel, though with diffi- 
 culty. 
 
 Ci-prin'I-dae.* [From cypri'nus , a 
 * { carp-fish.”] A family of Malacopte- 
 
 11 * 
 
 ryefii Abdominales, having the Cyprinu» 
 for its type. 
 
 Cir-ci-na'lis.* The same as Circi- 
 nate. 
 
 Cir'ci-nate. [Circina'tus ; from 
 
 cir'cino, circina'tum, to “ compass about,” 
 to “make into a circle.”] Literally, 
 “made into a circle.” Applied in Bo- 
 tany to leaves rolled inwards from the 
 point to the base. 
 
 Cir'ele. [From cir' cuius, a “ring.”] 
 A plane figure bounded by a curved 
 line, to which all the right lines that 
 can be drawn from a point in the middle 
 of it, called the centre, are equal. 
 
 Cir-cu-la'tion. [Circula'tio; from 
 cir' cuius, a “circle;” cir'culo, cireula'- 
 tum, to “move round,” to “move in a 
 circle,” to “circulate.”] That vital ac- 
 tion by which the blood is sent from the 
 heart through the arteries, diminishing 
 in calibre till they end in minute rami- 
 fications on the entire surface, where 
 they are connected to correspondingly 
 minute veins, which, increasing in size, 
 return the blood to the heart. 
 
 Cir'cu-lus.* A circle, or ring. Ap- 
 plied to any part of the body which is 
 round or circular, — e.g. cir'culus oc'uli , 
 the “orb of the eye.” It is sometimes 
 used to denote a connection of parts 
 through which there is a circulation ; 
 as the Cir'cul\i8 Willis’ ii (“Circle of 
 Willis”), an anastomotic circle formed 
 by the anterior and posterior cerebral 
 arteries connected by the arteries of 
 Willis. 
 
 Cir'culus Ar-te-ri-©'sus Ir'I-dis.* 
 
 (“Arterial Circle of the Iris.”) An ar- 
 tery of the eye which encircles the iris. 
 
 Cir'cum. A Latin preposition sig- 
 nifying “round,” or “about,” and form- 
 ing the prefix of a number of compound 
 words. 
 
 Cir'cum-a-gen'teS.* [The present 
 participle of cir' cuma'go, to “drive” or 
 “move round.”] A term applied to the 
 oblique muscles of the eye. 
 
 Cir-cum-cis'i©n. [Circumci'sio, 
 ©'jus/ from circumci'do, circumci' sum, to 
 “cut about.”] The operation of cutting 
 off a circular piece of the prepuce. 
 
 Cir-cum-duc'ti©n. [Cireumcluc'- 
 tio, ©'jus / from cir’ cum, “about,” and 
 du' co, due’ turn, to “lead.”] Circular 
 movement of a limb. 
 
 Cir'cum-fiex. [Circumflex 'us ; 
 from cir' cum, “about,” and flee' to, flex’ 
 urn, to “bend.”] Bent about; curved 
 like a bow or part of a circle. Applied 
 in Anatomy to various arteries, veins, etc. 
 
 121 
 
CIR 
 
 CIS 
 
 It is also used to designate a particular 
 accent lepresented in Latin and French 
 by this sign [-*>], as musd, tempete, the 
 term denoting that the accent, instead 
 of being straight like the other accents, 
 is bent over or around the letter. 
 
 Cir-cum*gy-ra'ti©n. [Circumgy- 
 ra'tio, o 'nis; from cir'cum, “about,” 
 and r jy'rus , a “circle.”] Movement in a 
 circle. 
 
 Cir-cum-ssis'sile. [Circumscis'- 
 silis; from cir'cum, “about,” “around,” 
 and scin'do, sets' sum, to “cleave,” to 
 “divile.”] Applied to dehiscent fruits, 
 the upper part of which opens like a lid. 
 
 €ir-ciim-s$is'siis.* [From the same.] 
 “ Cleft, or cut around.” Applied in Botany 
 to parts having a circular cut or fissure. 
 
 Cire, s&u. The French term for 
 “wax.” See Cera-. 
 
 £ir-rlioii'o-sus.* [From Kippog, 
 “tawny,” and voaog, a “disease.”] A 
 golden-yellow appearance of the pleura, 
 peritonaeum, etc., in the foetus. 
 
 Cirrliopotla. See Cirropoda. 
 
 £ir-rJi©'sis.* [From Kippog, “ red- 
 dish-yellow,” or “tawny.”] A name 
 proposed for granulated or tuberculated 
 liver, as designative of the appearance 
 of the organ in that diseased state. Also 
 applied to a disease of the kidney. 
 
 Cir'ri, * the plural of Cirrus, which 
 see. 
 
 Cir-rif'er-ous, or Cir-rig'er-ous. 
 [Cirrif'erus, or Cirrig'erus; from 
 cir'rus, and fe'ro , ge'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing or producing cirri. 
 
 Cir'ri-gratle. [Cirrig'radus; from 
 cir'rus, and gra'dior, to “walk.”] Pro- 
 gressing by means of cirri. 
 
 Cir-rl-pe'di-a,* or Clr'ri-peds. 
 [From cir'ri, and pes, pe' dis, a “foot.”] 
 The same as Cirropoda, which see. 
 
 Cir'ri-pes, p 'edis,% or Cir'rl-ped. 
 [From cir'rus, and joes, a “foot.”] The 
 same as Cirropodus. 
 
 CIr-rop'o-da,** or Cir'ri-pods. 
 [See Cirrop'odus.] A class of the 
 Diploneura (or MolLusca?) consisting of 
 aquatic animals, having multivalve 
 shells, and furnished with a number of 
 long, curled, articulated, setigerous pro- 
 cesses (called cirri) analogous to the 
 feet of the Crustacea. These animals are 
 popularly called barnacles, and acorn- 
 shells. 
 
 CIr-rop'o-dus.* [From cir'rus, and 
 novg, a “foot.”] Cirrop'odous. Fringe- 
 footed. Applied to a class of animals 
 having cirri instead of feet. See pre- 
 ceding article. 
 
 122 
 
 Cir'rous, or Cir'rose. Sometimes 
 improperly written Cirrhousnnd Cirrhose. 
 [Cirro'sus; from cir'rus .] Having 
 cirri, or full of cirri. 
 
 Cir'rus,* plural Cir'ri. [A Latin 
 term signifying a “lock of curled hair,” 
 a “fringe.”] In Botany, a clasper or 
 tendril, one of the fulcra of plants; also 
 termed Clavicula. Applied to a peculiar 
 set of organs found in certain aquatic 
 animals. (See Cirropoda.) The term 
 cirrus is also applied to thin, fleecy 
 clouds, floating in the atmosphere at a 
 great elevation. 
 
 £ir's©-£ele.* [From Kipaog, a “ vari- 
 cose vein,” and xtJAjj, a “tumor.”] A 
 varicose enlargement of the spermatic 
 vein. 
 
 £ir'soid. [Cirsoi'des; from Kipaog, 
 a “varicose vein,” and eidog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a varix. 
 
 £ir-som'plia-los.* [From Kipaog, a 
 “ varicose vein,”and opi'paXog, the “ navel.”] 
 A varicose condition around the navel. 
 
 £ir-sopli-tUal'mi-a.* [From Kipaog , 
 a “varicose vein,” and oj>Qa\pi6g, the 
 “eye.”] A varicose condition of the 
 eye : cirsophthal'my. 
 
 £ir'sos* {Kipaog). The Greek term for 
 a varix, or dilated vein. 
 
 £ir-sot'o-my. [Cirsoto'mia; from 
 Kipaog , a “varicose vein,” and rqu/o), to 
 “cut.”] Extirpation of a varix. 
 
 £is-sam'pe-los.* [From Kiaaog, “ivy,” 
 and apnre\og, the “vine.”] The wild vine. 
 A Linnsean genus of the class Dicecia , 
 natural order Menispermacese. 
 
 Cissam'pelos Ca-pen'sis.* A spe- 
 cies found in Cape Colony. The root is 
 used by the inhabitants as a cathartic 
 and emetic. 
 
 Cissam'pelos Pareira* (pa-ra'ra). 
 The Pareira brava, or American wild 
 vine. See Pareira. 
 
 Cistacese,* sis-ta'she-e. A natural 
 order of shrubs or herbaceous plants, 
 including the rock-rose. The Cistus 
 Creticus produces a resinous balsamic 
 substance called Lada'num. 
 
 Cis'ti,* the plural of Cis'tus, form- 
 ing the Jussieuan name of a natural 
 order of plants. See Cistace.e. 
 
 Cis'tus.* A genus of the natural 
 order Cistacese. 
 
 Cis'tus Cre'tl-cus.* The name of 
 the plant which produces a sort of gum- 
 resin called Lada'num or Labda'num. 
 This substance has a warm and bitter 
 taste and an agreeable odor. It is 
 sometimes used as an ingredient in 
 plasters. 
 
CIT 
 
 CLE 
 
 Cit'rate. [Ci'tras, a'fi#.] A com- 
 bination of citric acid with a base. 
 
 Cit ric A$'i«l. [A^'itlum Cit'ri- 
 cuin; from Ci'trus.] An acid obtained 
 from lemon-juice. 
 
 Citrine Ointment. [Named from 
 its fine yellow or citrine color.] The 
 common name of the Unguentum hydrar- 
 gyri nitratis of the Pharmacopoeias. 
 Used as a stimulant and alterative ap- 
 plication in psoriasis and other cutaneous 
 affections. 
 
 Cit'ron. [Ci'tro, o'hjs; Cedrom'e- 
 la.] The fruit of the Citreum, or citron- 
 tree, a variety of the Citrus medica. 
 
 Ci-trul'lus € 61 -o-cyn'tIiis. ;;: A 
 
 name of the Cucumis Colocynthis. 
 
 Ci'trus.* [From ict-pia , the “lemon” 
 or “citron.”] A Linnman genus of the 
 class Polyadelphia, natural order Auran- 
 tiacese. 
 
 Ci'trus Auran'tium* (au-ran'she- 
 um). The systematic name of the orange- 
 tree. 
 
 Ci'trus Big-a-ra'di-su* Another 
 name for the Citrus aurantium , or orange- 
 tree. 
 
 Ci'trus U-met'ta Ber-giim'i-uui.* 
 
 The tree from the rind of whose fruit 
 oil of bergamot is obtained. 
 
 Ci'trus Li-mo'num,* Ci'trus Med'- 
 i-ca.* Names of the plants which bear 
 the Limones (lemons, or limes) of the 
 Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Citrus Vulg-aris. See Citrus Au- 
 rantium. 
 
 Civ'et. [Civet'ta.] An unctuous sub- 
 stance collected in a bag under the tail 
 of the civet-cat, and used as a perfume. 
 
 Clair- voy'ance. [See Clairvoy- 
 ant.] Literally, “clearsightedness,” or 
 “clear vision.” Applied to a condition 
 of the mind or the “mind’s eye,” usu- 
 ally induced by mesmeric influence, in 
 which, it is alleged, the mesmerized per- 
 son can see not only in the dark, but the 
 most intricate internal arrangements of 
 his own or of another’s body, and even 
 the remotest objects, though separated 
 from the clairvoyant by interposing walls 
 or mountains. 
 
 Clair- voy 'ant. [Fr. clair, “clear,” 
 and voyant, “seeing,” from voir, to 
 “see.”] Literally, “seeing clearly;” 
 hence, having the power of clairvoy- 
 ance. As a noun, it signifies one who is 
 endowed with clairvoyance. 
 
 Clammy. SeeViscosus. 
 
 Clap. [Old Fr. Clapises, public shops 
 of infamous character.] A term for 
 Gonorrlice' a impu'ra . 
 
 Clar-i-fi-ca'tion. [Clarilica'tio, 
 
 o' ms/ from cla'rus, “clear,” and fa’cio, 
 to “make.”] The purifying or freeing a 
 fluid from heterogeneous matter or im- 
 purities. 
 
 Clasper. See Cirrus, Clavicle. 
 
 Class. [Clas'sis.] A primary divi- 
 sion of bodies having some general re- 
 semblance to each other, but further di- 
 visible into distinctive orders. 
 
 Clas-sl-fi-ca'tion. [From clas'sis, 
 and fa'cio, to “make.”] The sysem- 
 atic arrangement into classes of natural 
 productions and phenomena, including 
 the diseases of the animal body. 
 
 Clav'ate. [Clava'tus; from cla'va, 
 a “club.”] Club-shaped; clubbed. 
 
 Clavatio,* kla-va'she-o. [From cla'- 
 vus, a “nail.”] The same as Gompiiosis. 
 
 Clav'el-late. [Clavella'tus and 
 Clavello'sus; from cla'va, a “club.”] 
 Having, or formed like, clubs. 
 
 Clav'I-cle. [Clavic'ula, or Clavic'- 
 ulus; the diminutive of cla'vis, a “ key.”] 
 The collar-bone. In Botany, a tendril, 
 clasper, or cirrus. 
 
 CJav-i-eor'nate. [Clavicor'nis ; 
 
 from cla'va, a “club,” and ^cor'nu, a 
 “horn.”] Applied to a family of cole- 
 opterous insects, in which the antennse 
 are thick at the extremity, frequently 
 forming a solid club. 
 
 Cla-vic'u-lar. [Clavicula'ris; 
 from clavic'ula, the “collar-bone.”] Be- 
 longing to the clavicle, or collar-bone. 
 
 Cla- vic'u-late. [Clavicnla'tus ; 
 from clavic'ula .] Having clavicles, as 
 man and the Simisc. 
 
 Clav'i-form. [Clavifor'mis; from 
 cla'va, a “club.”] Club-shaped. 
 
 (lavo, kla'vo. The Spanish term for 
 Clove, which see. 
 
 Cla'vus.* Literally, a “nail” or 
 “spike.” Applied to a corn, or horny 
 round cutaneous formation, the effect of 
 continued pressure generally on the pro- 
 minent parts of the toes. Also, a very 
 acute pain confined to a small part of 
 the head, as if a nail were being driven 
 into it, — called Cla'vus hyster'icus. Also, 
 condyloma of the uterus. Likewise, a 
 tubercle on the white of the eye. 
 
 Claw. [Un'griis.] The nail or talon 
 of birds and other animals. The lower, 
 narrow part of a petal. 
 
 Clay. Argil' la, or argillaceous earth. 
 
 Clay, Pure. The earth called Alu- 
 mina. 
 
 Cleans ing. The same as Lochia, 
 which see. 
 
 Cleavage. The property of splitting 
 123 
 
CLE 
 
 CLI 
 
 or of being split in certain determinate 
 directions, as minerals : foliated fracture. 
 
 Oei'clo- [from kXsis, tcXsidog, a “ key/' 
 the “clavicle”], in compound names of 
 muscles, etc., denotes attachment to or 
 connection with the clavicle. 
 
 Oels'a-gra..* [From tcXsig, “clavicle/' 
 and aypa , a “seizure” or “attack.”] 
 The gout in the articulation of the 
 clavicles. 
 
 Clep-sy'dra.** [From kXctttco, to 
 “steal,” and vdwp, “water,” — named in 
 allusion to the water stealing away so 
 gradually as to be almost unperceived.] 
 An instrument for measuring time, by 
 allowing water to drop through a small 
 hole from one vessel to another. 
 
 Cll-mac'ter,* plural €li-mac-te'- 
 res. [Gr. KXipaKrnp- from xXip. <£w, to 
 “ proceed by degrees.”] Literally, the 
 “step of a stair” or a “ladder;” hence, 
 applied to the stages of human life, 
 reckoned by periods of seven years. 
 
 Cli-mac' ter- ic, or klim-ak-ter'ik. 
 [Cliinacter'icus; from the same.] 
 Applied to a particular epoch of the 
 ordinary ^erm of life, marked by periods 
 of seven years, at which the body was 
 by the ancients supposed to be peculiarly 
 affected and to suffer considerable change. 
 The ninth period, or sixty-third year, at 
 which the most decided change takes 
 place, was regarded as the “grand cli- 
 macteric.” 
 
 Climac'teric I>is-ease'. That sud- 
 den change which occurs in many in- 
 stances of advanced life, generally at the 
 grand climacteric, that is, about the end 
 of the sixty-third year, sixty-three being 
 nine times seven. See Climacteiuc. 
 
 Climac'teric Teetli'ing’. The pro- 
 duction of teeth at a very late period of 
 life, after the loss of the permanent 
 teeth by accident or natural decay, — 
 commonly between the sixty-third and 
 eighty-first year, or the interval which 
 fills up the two grand climacteric years 
 of the Greek physiologists. 
 
 Climat, kl^'ind/. The French for Cli- 
 mate, which see. 
 
 Cli'mate. [Lat. Cli'ma, Cl a in ' a- 
 tis; Gr. tcXipa, a “region,” “clime,” or 
 “climate.”] In a hygienic point of 
 view, the term denotes peculiarities in 
 temperature, quality of air, etc., with 
 respect to which different countries or 
 regions differ from each other in their 
 effects upon the health of those who in- 
 habit them. Among the various influ- 
 ences which tend to promote health or 
 produce disease, there is perhaps none 
 124 
 
 more deserving the attention of the 
 medical student than the peculiarities 
 and varieties of climate. But the limits 
 of the present volume will permit only a 
 few general remarks; for a thorough 
 consideration of the subject in all its 
 details, the reader is referred to more 
 extensive and elaborate works. 
 
 In recommending a change of resi- 
 dence on account of ill health, the judi- 
 cious physician will take into considera- 
 tion not only the character of the dis- 
 ease, but the peculiarities of the patient’s 
 constitution. In general terms, it may 
 be stated that diseases of the lungs or 
 pleura require a mild or warm climate ; 
 and fevers, especially when complicated 
 with visceral derangement, a cool or 
 cold one: yet it will often be found that 
 persons laboring under lung-complaints 
 are more injured than benefited by a 
 warm climate; for, though a mild air 
 and unchecked perspiration are very 
 decided advantages in themselves, the 
 debility resulting from a less bracing 
 atmosphere will frequently prove more 
 than a counterbalance to those ad- 
 vantages. Mountain air, which is gene- 
 rally pure, light, and exhilarating, will 
 be found beneficial in certain cases, 
 while sea air, which is less rarefied and 
 less dry, will be better adapted to 
 others. The air of a small island com- 
 pletely surrounded by a wide expanse of 
 sea, like Madeira or the Bermudas, pos- 
 sesses the great advantage of having a 
 more equable and uniform temperature 
 than can ever be found on a continent 
 or on any extensive tract of land. It is 
 scarcely necessary to remark that the 
 purity or impurity of the air must, in an 
 especial manner, never be overlooked. 
 Yet it is said that the impure air of 
 certain districts where tertians are com- 
 mon, has been found eminently benefi- 
 cial in some forms of pulmonary dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Cli-ma-tog/ra-ptiy. [dimatogra'- 
 phia; from cli'ma, “climate,” and yp'ufxo, 
 to “write,” to “describe.”] A descrip- 
 tion of climates. 
 
 fli-ma-iolo-gy. [Climatolo'gna; 
 
 from cli'ma , and At iyog. a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on climate; the science of 
 climates. 
 
 CH-nan'drX-iim.* [From kXiv^, a 
 “bed,” and avr/p, a “male.”] The part 
 of the column of fructification of the 
 Orchidete in which the anther is fixed. 
 
 Clin'I-cal. [Lat. nin'iciis; from 
 k\\.vy\. Fr. Clinique, kl&‘n6k'.] Pertain- 
 
CLI 
 
 COA 
 
 ing to a bed; as clinical lectures, which 
 are those delivered by medical attend- 
 ants at the bedside. 
 
 Clinique, kle'n&k'. The French term 
 for Clinical, which see. As a noun, it 
 is used for a clinical school, thus: La 
 Clinique de la Charite (14 kl4'n4k' deh 
 14 sh4'r4't4') signifies “The Clinical 
 School of [the Hospital] La Charite.” 
 
 Cli'noid. [Clinoi'des; from KXivri, 
 and eiho;, a “form.”] Resembling a bed. 
 Applied to four processes of the sphe- 
 noid bone. 
 
 Cll-uom'e-ter. [Cliiiom'etrum ; 
 
 from kXivcj, to “incline,” and pkrpov, a 
 “ measure.”] An apparatus for mea- 
 suring the inclination of a line in rela- 
 tion to a horizontal plane. Used for 
 ascertaining the dip of geological strata. 
 
 Clis-e-om'e-ter. [Cliscom'ctruni ; 
 from kX'kjis, “inclination,” and pkrpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring the angle which the axis of the 
 female pelvis makes with that of the 
 body. 
 
 Clit-Bur. The Arctium lappa ; also 
 called Clot-bur. 
 
 Clit'o-ris,* gen. Cli-t6r'i-dis. [Gr. 
 KXeiTopig ; from K\e'ia>, to “shut up,” to 
 “enclose;” because concealed by the 
 labia pudendi .] A small, elongated, 
 glandiform body at the anterior part of 
 the vulva, resembling in its internal 
 structure the corpus cavernosum of the 
 penis. 
 
 Clit-©-ri£'mus. :i: * Morbid swelling 
 of the clitoris. 
 
 Clit-o-ri'tis, i dis* [From clit'oris.] 
 Inflammation of the clitoris. 
 
 Clo-a'ca.* [From clu'o , an antique 
 form for col'luo, to “wash,” to “scour,” 
 or “make clean.”] Literally, a “sink” 
 or “sewer.” Applied in Zoology to a 
 cavity in birds and certain other animals, 
 in which the oviducts terminate. In the 
 plural ( Cloa'cse ), the openings through 
 the new bony shell (in cases of necrosis 
 of a long cylindrical bone) into the se- 
 questrum , or enclosed dead bone, by which 
 the matter formed in the interior is dis- 
 charged. 
 
 Cloaque, klo'4k'. The French for 
 Cloaca, which see. 
 
 Clon'ic. [Clon'ieus; from x\6vog, 
 “commotion.”] Belonging to an agi- 
 tated or irregular movement. Applied to 
 spasms in which contractions and relax- 
 ations are alternate, as in epilepsy. 
 
 Clot. [From the Belgian Klot, a 
 '‘mass of thickened fluid.”] The Cras- 
 eamentum of the blood. 
 
 9 
 
 Clot-Bur. See Clit-Bur. 
 
 Clou. See Clove. 
 
 Clove. [From the Latin CWvub, x 
 “nail” or “spike;” Fr. Clou , kloo, Sp. 
 Clavo , kl4'vo, both signifying originally 
 a nail or spike; so called from its re- 
 semblance to a nail.] The calyx, or un- 
 expanded flower, of the Caryophyl’lus 
 aromat' icus, otherwise called Euye'nia 
 caryophylla'ta. The clove is a warm, pun- 
 gent, and highly-stimulating aromatic. 
 It is sometimes employed to relieve 
 nausea or vomiting; but it is chiefly 
 used to assist or modify the action of 
 other medicines. 
 
 Clove-^il'll-flow-er, Clove-Pink. 
 
 The Dian'thus caryophyl'lus. 
 
 Clove-Tree. The Caryt.phyVlns aro- 
 mat' icus (or Euye'nia caryophylla'ta). 
 
 Clo ven Spine. The same as Schis- 
 torrhachis, which see. 
 
 Club-Foot. See Talipes. 
 
 Clu-pe'I-dae.* [From Cln'pea, a 
 small fish of the herring kind.] A 
 family of fishes having the Clupea for 
 their type. 
 
 Clusiaceje,* klu-ze-a'she-e, or Gut- 
 tif'er-ae.* A natural order of trees and 
 shrubs, fopnd in the tropics, including 
 the Clu'sia , the Mangosteen, and other 
 excellent fruits. Many species of this 
 order secrete an acrid, purgative gum- 
 resin, as gamboge. 
 
 Cluster. See Racemus, and Thyr- 
 sus. 
 
 Clyp'e-al. [Clypea'lis; from cly’- 
 peus, a “shield.”] Belonging to a 
 shield. 
 
 Clyp'e-ate. [Clypea'tus ; from the 
 same.] Bearing a shield, or formed 
 like a shield. 
 
 Clys'sus.* [From k\x 5£<o, to “dash,” 
 to “wash.”] A term formerly used to 
 denote the vapor produced by the de- 
 tonation of nitre with any inflammable 
 substance. 
 
 Clys'ter.* [Gr. tcXvarfip; from k\v'(o, 
 to “ wash away.”] An injection into the 
 rectum ; an en'ema ; a glyster. 
 
 C. M. = Cras ma'ne.% “ To-morrow 
 morning.” 
 
 C. X. = Cras noc'te “ To-morrow 
 night.” 
 
 Cni'cus Ben-e-dic'tus,* or Cen* 
 tau're-a Ben-e-dic'ta.* (“Blessed 
 Thistle.”) A composite plant, regarded 
 as “blessed” on account of its medicinal 
 virtues. It contains a brown, bitte* 
 principle, called cnicin. 
 
 Co. See Con. 
 
 Co-ad' u-ai ate. [Coaduna'tus; from 
 125 
 
COA 
 
 COC 
 
 coadu'no, to “join together.”] Clus- 
 tered. 
 
 Co-ag'n-la-ble. [Coag’ulabi'lis ; 
 
 from coay'ulo, coayula'tum, to “curdle.”] 
 Having the property of coagulation. 
 
 Coag'ulable Lymph. A term applied 
 to the fibrin of the blood. 
 
 Co-ag-u-la'tion. [Coagaila'tio, 
 o'nis; from the same.] The thickened 
 state of the albuminous portion of cer- 
 tain animal and vegetable fluids on ap- 
 plying acids or heat. 
 
 Co-ag-'u-lum.* [From the same.] 
 The jelly-like consistence assumed by 
 albuminous substances, blood, etc., when 
 acted on by heat. 
 
 Coal (Min'e-ral). A combustible 
 mineral, consisting of two principal va- 
 rieties, — anthracite and bituminous coal. 
 The former burns with little or no smoke 
 or flame ; in the latter, as its name im- 
 plies, bitumen is an important ingredient, 
 producing vapor and gas when exposed 
 to heat. 
 
 Co-a-les'^ent. [Coales'cens ; from 
 coales' co, to “grow together.”] Grow- 
 ing together. 
 
 Co-ap-ta'tion. [Coapta'tio, o'nis ; 
 
 from co for con , “together,” and ap'to, 
 apta’tum , to “fit.”] The fitting together 
 of the ends of a fractured bone. 
 
 Co-arc'tate. [Coarcta'tus; from 
 coarc' to, coarcta'tum, to “straighten.”] 
 Pressed close together. 
 
 Co-arc-ta'tion. [Coarcta'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] A straightening, or 
 pressing together. Applied to strictures 
 of the intestine or urethra. 
 
 €oat. See Tunica. 
 
 Coat'ed. (Fr. End ait, oN<»'dw&'.) Ap- 
 plied to the condition of the tongue, 
 as indicative of visceral disturbance. 
 
 Cobalt, ko'bault. [ L at. Cobal t mil ; 
 from the German Ko'bold , a “goblin” or 
 “ demon ;” so called because its discovery 
 was regarded by miners as an ill omen, 
 — 4.e. as unfavorable to the presence of 
 more valuable metals.] A metal gene- 
 rally found in combination with arsenic. 
 The salts of cobalt are irritant poisons. 
 The oxide is employed to impart a blue 
 color to porcelain and glass. 
 
 Co-bal'tic, [Cobal'ticus.] Belong- 
 ing to cobalt. 
 
 Co-ba'lus.* The same as Kobold, 
 the demon of miners, from which cobalt 
 is said to have been named. 
 
 Cobra <1© Capello, ko'brA dA k &- 
 pSl'lo. (“Snake with a Ilood.”) The 
 Portuguese name for the hooded snake, 
 the Na'ja vulga'ris (otherwise oalled the 
 126 
 
 Na'ja tripu'dians ), a very poisonous ser« 
 pent common in India. 
 
 Cob'web. [Ara'neum.] The web 
 of the Aranea, or spider. 
 
 Co'ca,* called also Ypada, e-p&'dA 
 The leaf of the Erythrox' ylon co'cu, a 
 plant in extensive use among the Indians 
 of the Andes, as a stimulant. See Ery- 
 
 THROXYLON COCA. 
 
 Coc'^i,* the plural of Coc'cus. The 
 Pharmacopoeia! name (Ed. Ph.) for 
 cochineal insects. 
 
 Cocciferous, kok-sif'er-us. [Coc- 
 ciCerus; from coc'cus, a “berry,” and 
 fe'ro , to “bear.”] Bearing berries, or 
 objects like them. 
 
 Coccinella,* kok-se-nel'la. [Diminu- 
 tive of coc'cus , a “ berry.”] The cochi- 
 neal insect: cochineal. (See Coccus 
 Cacti.) A genus of coleopterous insects; 
 the lady -bird, or lady-bug. 
 
 Cocci n el' la Sep-tem-punc-ta'ta* 
 ( i.e . “having seven points or spots”), or 
 Lady-bug. This insect, if bruised upon 
 an aching tooth, is said to cure it. 
 
 Coc-ci-nel'lin. [Coccinelli'na.] 
 The coloring principle of cochineal; 
 carmine. 
 
 Coc'cu-lus.* [Diminutive of coc'- 
 cus, a “berry.”] A genus of the class 
 Dicecia, natural order Menispermacese. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for 
 the fruit of the Anamirta cocculus, or 
 Cocculus Indicus. 
 
 Coc'culus, An-a-mir'ta.* The plant 
 
 which produces the Cocculus Indicus, 
 sometimes termed Levantnut , or Bac'ca 
 Orienta'lis (“Oriental Berry”). 
 
 Coc'culus In'di Ar-o-mat'I-cus,* 
 or (plural) Coc'cu-li In'di Ar-o-mat- 
 l-^i. Other names for the Myrtus pi- 
 menta, or Jamaica pepper. 
 
 Coc'culus In'di-cus.* The berries 
 of the Anamir'ta coc'culus (the Meni- 
 spermum cocculus of Linnaeus). The 
 kernels of these berries are whitish and 
 oily, and have an intensely bitter taste. 
 They contain a peculiar bitter principle 
 called picrotoxin , which is very poisonous. 
 The Cocculus Indicus belongs to the acro- 
 narcotic class of poisons. As a medicine 
 it is never administered internally. In 
 India it is employed to stupefy fish in 
 order that they may be more easily 
 caught. It is said that the fish thus 
 taken are not poisonous. An ointment 
 made of the powdered berries is some- 
 times used in certain cutaneous dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Coc'culus Pal-ma'tus.* The plant 
 which affords Calumba, Colomba, or Co- 
 
coc 
 
 COE 
 
 lumho root; called, also, Menispermum 
 palmatum. 
 
 Coe'cum.* (See Coccus.) A kind of 
 seed-vessel distinguished from a capsule, 
 the sides of which, being elastic, project 
 the seeds with great force, as in the 
 Euphorbise . 
 
 Coc 'cum Bapli'i-cum.* The ker- 
 mes berry. 
 
 Coc'cus.* [From kokkos , a “grain” or 
 “kernel;” also, an “insect.”] The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (Brit, and U. S. Ph.) 
 for the Coccus cacti. In Botany, a cell 
 or capsule. Also the name of a genus 
 of hemipterous insects. 
 
 Coccus Cac'ti.* (“Coccus of the 
 Cactus.”) The Coccinella , or cochineal 
 insect. 
 
 Coc cus In-fec-to'ri-us.* The in- 
 sect which produces the kermes grains 
 or berries. 
 
 Coc cus Bac'ca.* The insect which 
 produces Lac. 
 
 Coc-cygr'e-us,* or kok-se-je'us. [From 
 coc’cyx.] Belonging to the coccyx: coc- 
 §yg'eal. 
 
 Coc-^y-o-djn 'l-a.* [From coc’cyx , 
 and odvi/r], “pain.”] Pain in the coccyx, 
 occurring especially in women. 
 
 Coccyx,* gen. Coc-£y gfis. [From 
 k6kkv%, the “cuckoo;” because like its 
 bill.] The small triangular bone ap- 
 pended to the point of the sacrum. 
 
 Cocli'i-neal. [Coccinel'la; from 
 coccinel'la, probably derived through 
 the Italian coccinifflia, pronounced kot- 
 che-nel'yii.] The Coccus cacti , Coccinella, 
 or cochineal insect, brought from South 
 America as a reddish grain. Cochineal 
 is thought by some to possess anodyne 
 and antispasmodic properties, and has 
 been recommended for the hooping- 
 cough and other nervous affections. In 
 Pharmacy it is used to color tinctures, 
 ointments, etc. 
 
 Cochiniliii, kotch'e-nil'in. (See 
 Cochineal.) A coloring matter obtained 
 from cochineal. It is a constituent of 
 carmine. 
 
 Coclil. Ampl., Coclil. Mag. Ab- 
 breviations for Cochlea’ re am’ plum* or 
 mag’nnm ,* a “tablespoon.” 
 
 Coclil. Med. = Cochlea’ re me’ d him* 
 A “dessert-spoon.” 
 
 Coclil. Min.= Cochlea’ re min’ imum * 
 A “teaspoon.” 
 
 Cocli'le-a.* Literally, a “shell,” a 
 “ snail-shell;” hence, any thing of a 
 spiral form. A conical cavity of the 
 internal ear. 
 
 Coch-le-a're.* [From coch’lea, a 
 
 “shell,” more especially a “snail-shell.”] 
 The Latin word for “spoon;” so named 
 from its resemblance to a shell. It is 
 commonly used in medical prescriptions 
 for “spoonful.” 
 
 Coch-lc-a'ri-a.* [From cochlea’re , 
 a “spoon.”] A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Tttradynamia, natural order Cru - 
 ci/erse. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Arinoia'eia : (ar-mo- 
 ra'she-a). The horse-radish plant; called, 
 also, the Raph’anus rustica’nus. The 
 root of this plant (Armoracise Radix) is 
 pungent and powerfully stimulant. Its 
 virtues depend on an essential oil which 
 is dissipated by drying. 
 
 Cocli-lc-ar'i-iorm. [Coclilcari- 
 f or 'm is: from cochlea’re, a “spoon.”] 
 Formed like a spoon. 
 
 Cocli'lc-atc. [Cocklca'tus: from 
 coch’lea , a “snail-shell.”] In Botany, 
 spiral, or having a spiral form. 
 
 Co-co a. The fruit of Theobroma 
 cacao. 
 
 Co-coon '. [Etymology uncertain.] 
 The silken case of certain Arachnides, 
 ete., in which they deposit their eggs, 
 change their teguments, or retire for the 
 winter. 
 
 Coc'tion. [Coc'tio: from co’quo , 
 coc’ turn, to “cook,” to “digest.”] The 
 process of reducing the aliment to 
 chyle. 
 
 Codaga-Pala Bark. See Nerium 
 Antidysentericum. 
 
 Co'de-ate. [Co'deas, a ’tis; from 
 code’icum a^'idum.] A combination of 
 codeic acid with a base. 
 
 Co-de'ic. [Code'icus.] Applied to 
 an acid obtained from codein. 
 
 Co 'de-in, Co'de-ine, or Co-de'ia.* 
 [From Kudia, or KioSeia, a “poppy-head.”] 
 An alkaloid discovered by Robiquet in 
 opium. As a soporific it is considered 
 to possess about half the strength of 
 morphia. 
 
 Cod -Liv'er Oil, or Cod'fish Oil. 
 [Mor'rSiuse Oieum.] Obtained from 
 the liver of the Ga’dus mor'rhua, or 
 codfish. See Oleum Morrhu^e. 
 
 Coe cum. See Caecum. 
 
 Ccelia,* se'le-a. [Gr. Kot\(a, the “belly;” 
 from koi^os, “hollow.”] The belly, espe- 
 cially the lower portion; also, the sto- 
 mach. 
 
 £ce'li-ac. [Coeli'aeus; from cce’lia, 
 the “belly.”] Belonging to the belly. 
 
 Coe'liac Pas sion. [Pas'sso Cceli'- 
 aca.] A chronic flux, in which the ali- 
 ment is discharged half digested; the 
 Diarrhoe’ a cceli’aca of Cullen. 
 
 127 
 
COE 
 
 COL 
 
 £oe'liac Plex'us. A name for the 
 
 Solar Plexus, which see. 
 
 £oe-li'a-ca.* [Neuter plural of coeli'- 
 aciia. See Cceliac.] The first class of 
 Dr. Good’s Nosology, embracing dis- 
 eases of the digestive organs. Some- 
 times applied to medicines which act on 
 those organs. 
 
 Cceliaeus. S^e Cceliac. 
 
 £oe-li-aI'gi-a.* [From coe'lia, the 
 “ belly, ” and a\yog, “pain.”] Pain in 
 the belly. 
 
 Ccensesthesls,* sen-es-the'sis. [From 
 Ko vog, “common,” and diad.qatg, “percep- 
 tion,” “feeling,” or “sensibility.”] A 
 term expressive of the general feeling or 
 consciousness in the entire body; con- 
 sciousness of existence. Some writers 
 have termed it a sixth sense, not limited, 
 like the other senses, to one particular 
 part, but common to the whole system. 
 
 £oe-mi'rus.* [From koivo;, “com- 
 mon,” and d’jpa, a “tail” or “hinder 
 part.”] A cce'nure, or hydatid, contain- 
 ing several animals ( Entozoa ) grouped 
 together and adhering to its sides, which 
 thus form a common base or termination 
 of many heads and bodies. 
 
 CoernlensLapis. See Blue-Stone. 
 
 Cceruleus Morbus. See Cyanosis. 
 
 Coeur, kuR. The French word for 
 “heart.” See Cor, and Heart. 
 
 Cof'fe-a.* (See Caffe a.) A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Pentandria, 
 natural order Cinchonacese (according to 
 Lindley, though formerly ranked with 
 the R ibiacese). 
 
 Cof'fea A-rab'I-ca.* The plant 
 which affords coffee. See Caffea Arab- 
 1CA. 
 
 Cof 'fee. [Lat. Caf Tea, or Cof'fea ; 
 
 Fr. Cafe , k&'f&'.J The seed of the Caf- 
 fea Arab'ica, a tree from fifteen to 
 thirty feet in height, growing native in 
 Southern Arabia and Abyssinia, and 
 cultivated extensively in Java, Ceylon, 
 and other parts of the East Indies; also 
 in South America and the West India 
 isl mds. The infusion of the roasted 
 seeds is exhilarating and tonic, and has 
 been used, it is said, with the most bene- 
 ficial results in cases of poisoning with 
 opium, and chronic asthma. Coffee ( Caf- 
 fea) has been assigned a place on the 
 Primary List of the Materia Medica in 
 the last edition of the U S. Pharmaco- 
 poeia (I860). See Caffein. 
 
 Co-hab-I-ta'tion. [Cohabita'tio, 
 o'ni h ; from co for con, “together,” and 
 hnl/ito, habita'tnm, to “dwell.”] In 
 Medical Jurisprudence, the dwelling to- 
 128 
 
 gether of two persons of opposite sex, 
 including the habit of venereal congress, 
 without the sanction of marriage. 
 
 Co-he'sion. [Cohe'sio, o'nis; from 
 co for con, “together,” and hse'reo, hsd- 
 sum, to “stick.”] The power by which 
 the particles of bodies adhere to each 
 other. 
 
 Co-ho-ba'tion. [(ohoba'tio. o' nis; 
 from co'hob, used by Paracelsus to sig- 
 nify repetition.] The pouring of a fluid 
 again and again on the matter from 
 which it was distilled, and as often dis- 
 tilling it, to render it more efficacious. 
 
 Coiti©,* ko-ish'e-o, or Co-i'tion. 
 The same as Coitus, which see. 
 
 Co'i-tus.* [From co for con , “to- 
 gether,” and e'o, i'tum, to “go” or 
 “come.”] The coming together of male 
 and female in the act of procreation. 
 In Chemistry, the union of substances 
 by incorporation or mixture. 
 
 Coke. The charcoal obtained by 
 heating bituminous coal with the imper- 
 fect access of air, or by its distillation. 
 The former is usually called oven coke, 
 the latter gas coke, being abundantly 
 produced in gas-works. The weight of 
 coke usually amounts to between sixty 
 and seventy per cent, of the coal em- 
 ployed. Coke is a valuable fuel for 
 many purposes in the arts. 
 
 Col. A French word signifying “the 
 neck.” See Collum. 
 
 Col'a-to'ri-um.'^ [From co'lo, cola'- 
 tum, to “strain.”] A strainer of any 
 kind; a sieve. 
 
 Col-a-tu'ra.* [From the same.] Any 
 filtered or strained liquor. 
 
 Col'chi-^i Cor' inns.* The Pharma- 
 copoeial name (Brit. Ph.) for the bulbs of 
 Colchicum autumn ale. 
 
 Col'chici Ita'dix.* (“Boot of Col- 
 chicum.”) The cormus of Col'chicum 
 antumna'le (U.S. Ph.). 
 
 Col'chici Se'men.* (“Seed of Col- 
 chicum.”) The seed of Col'chicum au- 
 tumna’le (U.S. and Brit. Ph.). 
 
 Col'chici Sem'i-na . 5 (“ Seeds of 
 Colchicum.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Ed. Ph.) for the seeds of the Col'chi- 
 cum antumna'le. 
 
 Colchicia,* kol-chish'e-a. The same 
 as Colchicin. 
 
 Col'chl-cin, or Col 'chi-cine. [Col- 
 chici'na.j An alkaloid substance ob- 
 tained from Col'chicum antumna'le , of 
 which it is believed to be the active 
 principle. 
 
 Colchicum,* kol'che-kum. [From 
 Col'chis, a country of Asia.] A Linnaean 
 
COL 
 
 COL 
 
 genus of the class Hexandria, natural 
 order Melcuithacese. The name is often 
 used as synonymous with Col’chicum 
 autumna'le , including the various pre- 
 parations of the root and seeds. 
 
 Col'chl-cum Au-tum-na'le.* The 
 meadow saffron. The root and the seeds 
 appear to possess similar medicinal pro- 
 perties. The former is narcotic, diu- 
 retic, and cathartic. From its sedative 
 effects, it has often proved very useful in 
 gout and rheumatism. In an over-dose, 
 however, it sometimes produces exces- 
 sive nausea, vomiting and purging, 
 sinking of the pulse, attended with ex- 
 treme prostration, and may prove fatal. 
 
 Col'co-thar. A mixture of red oxide 
 of iron and the persulphate, used as a 
 paint, etc. 
 
 Cold. [Fri'gus,go'ns, Catar'rluis.] 
 
 Properly, the privation of heat. In 
 popular language, it denotes a catarrh, 
 cough, or other effects from exposure to 
 cold. 
 
 Co-le-op'ter-a.* An order of insects. 
 See next article. 
 
 Co-le-op'ter-us.* [From ko\c6s, a 
 u sheath/’ and irrepos, a “wing.”] Applied 
 in the neuter plural ( Coleop'tera ) to an 
 order of insects in which the inferior 
 wings are covered by others like sheaths 
 or cases : coleop'terous. 
 
 Co-le-o-rlii'za.* [From Ko\eog, a 
 u sheath,” and piC,a, a “root.”] Applied 
 in Botany to a kind of case which en- 
 velops certain radicles. 
 
 Co'les.* [Essentially the same word 
 as Cau’lis : both are derived from Ka"\og, 
 a “stalk,” or “stem.”] Originally, a 
 stalk; but used by Celsus as a designa- 
 tion of the penis. 
 
 Col'ic. (Fr. Colique, ko’l&k'.) (See 
 Col'ica.) Acute pain in the abdomen, 
 aggravated at intervals. So named 
 from its having been supposed to have 
 its seat in the colon. 
 
 Col'i-ca.* [From coVicus , “pertain- 
 ing to the colon ,” pas'sio, “suffering,” 
 or “pain,” being usually understood. 
 See Colica Passio.] Literally, pain in 
 the colon, or large intestine. The colic, 
 or belly-ache. A genus of the order 
 Spasmt, class Adynamise , of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Col'ica Accidenta'lis.* Colic in- 
 duced by particular articles of diet. 
 This may also be flatulent colic. See 
 Colica Flatulenta. 
 
 Col'ica Bilio'sa.* Bilious colic, oc- 
 casioned by an excess of bile in the 
 intestines. 
 
 Col'ica Calculo'sa.* [From cal'cn - 
 lus.] Colic caused by intestinal calculi. 
 
 Col'ica Flatulen'ta.* [From fla’tus, 
 “wind.”] Flatulent colic, caused bji 
 wind in the intestines. 
 
 Col'ica Meconia'lis.* Colic result- 
 ing from retention of the meconium in 
 infants. 
 
 Col'ica Pas'sio* (pash'e-o). Another 
 name for colic. See Colica. 
 
 Col'ica Pic'tonum.* The “colic of 
 the Pictones,” a name for the people of 
 Poitou, where it is said to have been an 
 endemic. Otherwise called dry belly- 
 ache; Devonshire colic: painter's colic 
 {Col’ica picto’ rum) ; also Col'ica saturni’- 
 na, as being produced by the poison of 
 lead. 
 
 Col'ica Picto'rum.* [From pi v' tor, 
 a “painter.”] “Painter’s Colic.” See 
 Colica Pictonum. 
 
 Col'ica Sterco'rea.* [From ster '- 
 cns, ster’coris, “faeces.”] Colic arising 
 from an excessive accumulation of the 
 contents of the bowels. 
 
 Col'I-eus.* Belonging to the colon. 
 
 Col-i-for'mis.* [From co'lrnn, a 
 “colander,” or “strainer,” a “sieve.”] 
 Col'iform. Resembling a sieve, or sieve- 
 like. Applied to the ethmoid bone {os 
 colifor'me ). 
 
 Colique. See Colic. 
 
 Co-li'tis.* [From co'/on.] Inflam- 
 mation of the mucous coat of the colon. 
 
 C©riaPis'cium ;: -(pish'e-um). “ Glue 
 of Fishes.” See Ichtiiyocolla. 
 
 Col'la-gen. [From koXKul, “glue,” and 
 ycwau), to “ produce.”] The chief con- 
 stituent of bone, cartilage, ligaments, 
 tendons, etc. By boiling it forms glue 
 or gelatin. 
 
 Col-lapse'. [Collap'sus ; from col ’ - 
 labor , collap’ 8U8, to “fall down.”] A 
 state of extreme depression or complete 
 prostration of the vital powers, as occurs 
 in Asiatic cholera, etc. 
 
 Col'lar. [Colla're; from col’lum , 
 the “ neck.”] The prothorax , or ante- 
 rior segment of the trunk, in insects. 
 
 Col'lar-Bone. The clavicle. 
 
 Col-le'sis.* [From koWZ o>, to “ glue.”] 
 An old term for Agglutination. 
 
 Collet, koriii'. A French term signi- 
 fying “a collar.” See Neck. 
 
 Col-lic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of coV - 
 Us . a “hill,” or “elevation.”] A little 
 hill, or eminence. Applied in Anatomy 
 to various small elevations or protube- 
 rances. 
 
 Collic'ulus l^er'vi iEth-moi-da'- 
 lis.* (“Protuberance of the Ethmoid 
 129 
 
 12 
 
COL 
 
 COL 
 
 Nerve.”) The same as the Corpus 
 Striatum, which see. 
 
 Collic'ailusNer'viOi>'ti-ci.^( a Pro- 
 tuberance of the Optic Nerve.”) The 
 optic thalamus. 
 
 Collie' ill ii* Sem-I-na'lis.* (“ Semi- 
 nal Protuberance.”) A small elevation 
 in the prostate gland. 
 
 Col-liq-ua-men'tuin.* [From col- 
 liq'ueo , to “melt;” so called, probably, in 
 allusion to its exceeding softness, or 
 want of firm consistency.] A term ap- 
 plied by Harvey to the first rudiments 
 of the embryo in generation. 
 
 Col-liq'ua-ilve. [Colliquati'vus; 
 from colUq'neo , to “melt.”] Applied to 
 any excessive discharge or evacuation. 
 
 Col-lo'di-um,* or Col-lo'di-on.* 
 [From KiiAAa, “glue.”] A peculiar sub- 
 stance prepared by dissolving gun-cotton 
 in sulphuric ether. For particular direc- 
 tions in its preparation, see U.S. Phar- 
 macopoeia. 1860, page 125. It is much 
 used as an application to abraded surfaces 
 and superficial wounds. When applied 
 to a part, the ether evaporates, and a 
 solid adhesive material is left, which acts 
 like adhesive plaster, keeping the parts 
 together and excluding the air. 
 
 Collo'dium cum Can-tliar'i-de.* 
 (“ Collodion with Cantharides,” U.S. Ph., 
 1860.) A preparation of collodion and 
 cantharides, used as a blistering appli- 
 cation. It produces a blister in about 
 the same time as the ordinary cerate, 
 and has the great advantage of being 
 easily applied to uneven surfaces. 
 
 Colloid. [Colloi'des; from *6A\a, 
 “glue,” and eido;, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling glue. 
 
 Col-lo-ne'ma, a tis* [From KoWa , 
 “glue.”] A very soft tumor, containing 
 a clear, grayish -yellow substance like 
 gelatine, or fresh glue. 
 
 Col'lum.* [Diminutive of colum'- 
 na , a “pillar”?] (Fr. Col , kol, and Cou , 
 koo.) The neck. Applied to any part 
 which, from its situation, form, or con- 
 nection, resembles a neck. 
 
 Col-lu-to'rl-um.* [From col'luo , 
 collu'tum. to “wash.”] A gargle; a 
 liquid applied to the mouth or throat for 
 local purposes. 
 
 Col-lyr'I-um.* [Gr. KoWvpm^, a 
 “little cake;” diminutive of KoWvpa , a 
 “small loaf” or “roll of bread.”] 
 Originally, an eye-salve made up in 
 small cakes ; or, any salve. Now usually 
 applied to a wash or lotion for the eyes. 
 
 Co-lo-bo'in>, at is* [From koXoMm, 
 to “mutilate.”] A mutilation, or defect. 
 
 130 
 
 Colobo'ma Ir'i-dis.* (“Mutilation 
 of the Iris.”) A name applied to fissures 
 of the lower portion of the iris with 
 a prolongation of the pupil to the edge 
 of the cornea. 
 
 Colocynth. See Colocynthis. 
 
 Col-o-cyuthis, id is* [From ko\o~ 
 kdi/Qu, a “gourd.”] Col'ocynth. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || of the dried pulp 
 of the bitter cucumber; also called Colo- 
 quin'tida. The pulp of colocynth is a 
 powerful hydragogue cathartic, and, as 
 such, is sometimes given in dropsy. In 
 large doses, however, it is a dangerous 
 poison. It is most frequently administered 
 in combination with other medicines. 
 
 Co-lom'ba.* The former Pharma- 
 copoeial name (U.S. Ph.) of the root of 
 the Coc' cuius palma'tus. See Calumba, 
 and Columbo. 
 
 Co'lon.* [Gr. *wAoy.] That portion 
 of the large intestine extending from the 
 caecum to the rectum. 
 
 Co-loph'o-ny. [Colopho'nia; from 
 CoVophon, a city of Ionia, whence it was 
 originally obtained ] A dark-colored 
 resin, prepared from the distillation of 
 rough turpentine without water. 
 
 Coloquiute, ko'lo'kaxt'. The French 
 term for colocynth. See Colocynthis. 
 Coloquintida. See Colocynthis. 
 
 Col ored. [Colora'tus; from colo 
 ro , color a' turn, to “color.”] Applied in 
 Botany to objects of any other color 
 than green. 
 
 Col-o-rif 'ic. [Colorif 'icus; from 
 
 co'lor, and fa'cio, to “make.”] Making 
 or producing colors. Applied to the lu- 
 minous rays. 
 
 Col'or-iiig* Mat'ter. A coloring 
 principle existing in vegetable sub- 
 stances. Colors are termed substantive 
 when they adhere to the cloth without a 
 basis ; adjective , when they require a 
 basis or mordant. 
 
 Col-os-tra'tion. [Colostra'tio, 
 
 o ’nisi] A term for the diseases of new 
 born infants, caused by the colos- 
 trum. 
 
 Co-los'tric. [Colos'trfcus.] Be- 
 longing to the colostrum. 
 
 Colos'tric Flu id. The imperfect 
 secretion of milk ere the mother has 
 recovered from delivery, on account of 
 the presence of colostrum ; popularly, 
 “green milk.” 
 
 fo-los'trons. [Colost ro'sus; from 
 colos'trum.] Having colostrum, or full 
 of colostrum. 
 
 Co-los'trum.* [Perhaps from ko\6v, 
 “food.”] A substance in the first milk 
 
COL 
 
 COM 
 
 after delivery, giving to it a greenish or 
 yellowish color. 
 
 Co-lot/o-my. [Coloto'mia ; from 
 co' ion, and rtfu o>, to “cut.”] Cutting 
 into the colon. 
 
 Col'po-$ele.* [From KoXnog, the 
 “womb,” or “vagina,” and KrjXrj, a “tu- 
 mor.”] Her'nia vagina' lis, or hernia in 
 the vagina. 
 
 Col-pop-to'sis.* [From KoXnog, the 
 “womb,” or “vagina,” and nrokrig, a 
 “falling.”] Falling down, or prolapsus, 
 of the vagina. 
 
 Coirs Foot. See Tussilago Far- 
 
 FARA. 
 
 Col'u-ber Be'rus.* The systematic 
 name for the viper, a poisonous snake 
 common in Europe. 
 
 Co-lum'bic A$'iil. An acid obtained 
 by fusing the ore of Colambium with the 
 carbonate or the bisulphate of potassa; a 
 soluble columbate of potass is obtained, 
 and the acid is precipitated in the form 
 of a white hydrate. 
 
 Co-liim'bi-um.* [From Colum'bia, 
 one of the names of America.] A metal 
 first found (in 1801) in a mineral dis- 
 covered in Massachusetts. It has since 
 been found in a Swedish mineral called 
 Tantalite ; but its ores are extremely 
 rare. 
 
 C©-lu m' bo.* The common name 
 for the root of the Cor' cuius palma'tus. 
 (See Calumba.) This root is one of the 
 most valuable of the mild tonics. Being 
 without astringency, it is generally ac- 
 ceptable to the stomach, and is an ex- 
 cellent remedy in cases of simple debility 
 of the digestive organs or of the alimen- 
 tary canal, resulting from whatever 
 cause. 
 
 Columella. See Colgmnella. 
 
 Columelliaceae,* kol-u-mel-le-a'- 
 she-e. [From Columel'lia, one of the 
 genera.] An obscure natural order of 
 exogenous shrubs and trees, found in 
 Mexico and Peru. Allied to the Jas- 
 minacese. 
 
 Co-Ium'na,* plural Co-liim'nse. 
 
 [Fr. Golonne, ko'lonn'.] Literally, a 
 “column,” or “pillar.” Often applied in 
 Anatomy to parts supposed to resemble 
 a column, as those of the ve'lum pala'ti, 
 and the columns carnese, or muscular 
 fasciculi of the internal walls of the 
 heart.. 
 
 Colwm'na Xa'si.* (“ Column of the 
 Nose.”) The fleshy termination of the 
 septum of the nose. 
 
 Coliiui'na O'ris.* (“ Column of the 
 Mouth.”) The uvula. 
 
 Colum na Ver-te-bra'lis.* (“Yer 
 tebral Column.”) The spinal column. 
 
 Col-um'iue Car'ne-ae.* (“Fleshy 
 Columns.”) (Fr. Colonnes Charnues, 
 ko'lonn' shaR'nii'.) The muscular pro- 
 jections in the ventricles of the heart. 
 
 Co-lum'nar. [Coiiuuiiia'ris; from 
 colum’na , a “pillar.”] Belonging to a 
 pillar or column ; pillar-like. 
 
 Col-um-nel'la,* or Col-u-mel'la.* 
 [Diminutive of colum'na.] Applied in 
 Botany to a substance passing through 
 the capsule, connecting the several par- 
 titions and seeds. 
 
 Col-um-nif'er-ous. [Columiiif'- 
 
 erus; from colum'na, a “column,” and 
 fe’ro , to “bear.”] Applied in Botany 
 to plants that have the stamens and 
 pistil like a column in the middle of the 
 flower. 
 
 Co- 1 uni' mi -la.* [Diminutive of 
 colum'na.\ The filament which passes 
 through the middle of the capsule of 
 frondose mosses. 
 
 Coluvrine lie Virginie, ko'lii vr^n' 
 deh v£R v zh6'n&'. The French for Vir- 
 ginia Snake-root. See Aristolochia. 
 
 Col'za Oil. A liquid extracted from 
 the grain of the Bras' sica Arven'sis, used 
 in making soft soap. 
 
 Co'ma, a tis,* plural Co'ma-ta. [Gr. 
 K(Ofxa, “ deep sleep.”] A state of lethargic 
 drowsiness, produced by compression of 
 the brain and other causes. 
 
 Co'ma.* [Gr. k 6 pn, the “hair of the 
 head.”] Literally, a “head of hair.” 
 Applied in Botany to a bush or head of 
 Jeaves terminating a stem. 
 
 Co'ma-Vig'il.* (“Watchful Coma.”) 
 The lethargic condition of the patient in 
 bad cases of typhus, in which he is 
 watchful and muttering in delirium. 
 
 Co'ma-ta,* the plural of Co'ma. Ap- 
 plied to soporose diseases. An order of 
 the class Neuroses of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Co'ma-tose. [Comato'sus ; from 
 co'ma.] Having a constant propensity 
 to sleep ; full of sleep. 
 
 Com-bi-na'tion. [Combina'tio, 
 o’nis; from com'bino, combina'tum, to 
 “set in couples together” (from con , 
 “together,” and bi'nus, “two by two”).] 
 A true chemical union of two or more 
 substances, as opposed to mere mechani- 
 cal mixture. 
 
 Combretaceae,* kom-bre-ta'she-e. 
 [From Combre'tum , one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous shrubs and 
 trees, all natives of the tropics, mostly 
 astringents. Some species of it produce 
 valuable dyestuffs. 
 
 in 
 
COM 
 
 COM 
 
 Corn-bus 'tion. [Combust io, o 'nis ; 
 from combu'ro , combus'tum , to “burn.”] 
 Burning. The evolution of heat and 
 light during chemical action, by absorb- 
 ing oxygen from atmospheric air. 
 
 Combustion, Preternatural, 
 Combustion, Spontaneous. See 
 Spontaneous Combustion. 
 
 Coin'et. [Come'ta, or Come'tes; 
 from the Greek Kognr^, “long-haired;” 
 from the stream of light usually ap- 
 pended to them, like a tail.] The name 
 of a heavenly body, supposed to be 
 planetary, forming a part of our system. 
 
 Commamler’s Balsam. See Tinc- 
 
 TURA BENZOINI. 
 
 Commelynacese,* or Commeli- 
 nacese,* kom-me-le-na'she-e. [From 
 Commelif'na , one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
 plants, including the Spider-wort, Tra- 
 des can tia. 
 
 Com'mi-nut-ed. [Comminu'tus; 
 
 from commin' no, comminu' turn, to “ break” 
 or “crush into small pieces.”] Applied 
 to fractures in which the bone is broken 
 into several pieces. 
 
 Com-mis-su'ra.* [From con, “to- 
 gether,” and mit'to, mis’ sum, to “put.”] 
 A joining together; something which 
 joins together : a com'missure. 
 
 Commissu'ra Mag'na.* (“Great 
 Commissure.”) The Corpus callosum. 
 
 Commissu'ra Mol' las.* (“Soft 
 Commissure.”) The name of the gray 
 mass uniting the thalami of the brain. 
 
 Commissure. See Commissura. 
 
 Common lai teguments. See In- 
 teguments. 
 
 Com-mu'ni-cans,* plural Com- 
 mu-na-can'tes. [The present parti- 
 ciple of comnui'nico , communica' turn, to 
 “communicate.”] Communicating; that 
 which establishes communication. 
 
 Commu nicans Tib'i-ae.* (“Com- 
 municating [Nerve] of the Tibia.”) Ap- 
 plied to th 5 external saphcnal branch of 
 the tibial nerve. 
 
 Communicans Wil-lis'I-i.* 
 
 (“Communicating [Artery] of Willis.”) 
 A branch of the internal carotid artery, 
 passing to the posterior cerebral artery. 
 
 Com-mu-ni-can'tei Ar-te'rl-se.* 
 (“ Communicating Arteries.”) Of these, 
 there are two within the cranium, the 
 principal of which is the Communicans 
 Willisii. 
 
 Comparative Anatomy. See Anat- 
 omy, Comparative. 
 
 Com-plex'us.* [From con, “to- 
 gether,” and plec’to, plcx'uin, to “plait,” 
 132 
 
 to “weave.”] Literally, “woven to- 
 gether.” Applied to a muscle situated 
 at the back part of the neck. It is so 
 named from the intricate mixture of its 
 muscular and tendinous parts. It is 
 attached to the occipital bone, and to 
 the cervical and upper dorsal vertebrae. 
 
 Com 'pli-cat-ed. [Complica' tus : 
 from con, “ together,” and pli’co, plica' - 
 turn, to “fold,” to “knit.”] Applied to 
 fractures that are combined with other 
 circumstances that make their treatment 
 difficult; as a wounded artery, disloca- 
 tion, injury of the viscera, etc. 
 
 Com-pli-ca'tion. [Complica'tio, 
 o 'nis; from the same] The coexistence 
 of two or more diseases, which modify 
 each other, without being in their nature 
 inseparable. 
 
 Composite,* kom-poz'e-te. [From 
 con, “together,” and po'no, pos'iturn, to 
 “put.”] The largest of all known na- 
 tural groups of plants, and so called 
 because the old botanists who invented 
 the name regarded the flower-heads as 
 compound flowers. It answers to the 
 Syngenesia poly garni a of Linnaeus. It is 
 characterized by having capitate flowers, 
 syngenesious anthers, and an inferior 
 ovary, with a single erect ovule. This 
 order includes about nine hundred 
 genera and eight thousand species. 
 
 Com-pos'i-tus.* [From con, “to- 
 gether,” and j>o'no, pos'iturn, to “put.”] 
 Compound; opposed to “simple.” Ap- 
 plied in the plural feminine to a natural 
 order of plants. See Composite. 
 
 Compote (Fr.), koM'pot'. (A con- 
 traction of Compositus, which see.) 
 Fruits preserved with sugar: generally 
 stone fruits. 
 
 Compound. [Compositus; a 
 
 corruption of componed, passive parti- 
 ciple, from the obsolete verb compone , to 
 “put together,” to “arrange.” See 
 Compositus.] Applied in Mineralogy 
 to a form contained under pbines not 
 homologous, or equal, similar, and 
 equally disposed to each other. In 
 Pharmacy and Chemistry, applied to 
 a mixture or substance composed of two 
 or moro ingredients or elements. 
 
 Compound Blowpipe. See Blow- 
 pipe. 
 
 Com pound Frac ture. A term in 
 Surgery denoting a case wherein the 
 fracture of the bone is accompanied with 
 laceration of tho integuments, causing 
 an external wound. See Fracture. 
 
 Com'press. [Compres'sus; from 
 con, “ together,” and prc'mo, pres' sum, to 
 
COM 
 
 CON 
 
 * press.”] Literally, “ something pressed 
 together.” A portion of folded linen, 
 lint, or other material, made into a kind 
 of pad to be placed over parts which 
 require particular pressure. 
 
 Coin-pressed ' . [Coin pres sus ; 
 from the same.] Flattened in a lateral 
 direction. 
 
 Com-pres-sI-bil'I-ty. [From the 
 same.] A property of masses of matter, 
 by which their particles are capable of 
 being brought nearer together. Bodies 
 which recover their former bulk on 
 removal of the compressing cause are 
 called elastic. 
 
 Coin-pres'sion. [Compres'sio, 
 
 o 'nis; from the same ] The act of 
 compressing, or pressing together. Ap- 
 plied to an abnormal state of a part 
 produced by something pressing upon 
 it : generally used in reference to the 
 brain. 
 
 Com-pres'sor, o'ris* [From the 
 same.] That which compresses. Applied 
 to a muscle which presses upon any 
 part. In Surgery, it denotes a certain 
 instrument. 
 
 Compressor of Bupuytren. See 
 
 Dupuytren, Compressor of. 
 
 Compressor Pros'ta-tse.* (“The 
 Compressor of the Prostate [Gland].”) 
 The anterior fibres of the Levator ani , 
 which embrace the prostate gland. 
 
 Con. A Latin particle signifying 
 “together,” and sometimes “with.” It 
 is usually changed to com before b, m , 
 and p, and to co before a vowel, or h. 
 Hence we have combine , compress , instead 
 of conbine and conpress : coagulate and 
 cohabit , instead of conagulate and con- 
 habit. Sometimes con is intensive, as 
 concu'tio, concus'sum , to “shake vio- 
 lently.” 
 
 Co-na'rl-um.* [Fromv ^oj, a “cone.”] 
 Another name for the pineal gland; so 
 called on account of its conical form. 
 
 Con-cat'e-nate. [From con, “to- 
 gether,” and cate'>m,a“chain.”] “Chained 
 together.” A term applied to the glands 
 of the neck, presenting in children a kind 
 of knotty cord, extending from behind 
 the ear to the collar-bone. 
 
 C»n-cau sa. :? [From con, “together,” 
 and cau'sa, a “'cause.”] A cause com- 
 bined with another: a concause. 
 
 Con'cave. [From con, intensive, and 
 ea'vus, “hollow.”] Regularly hollowed 
 out, like the inside of a hollow sphere. 
 
 foa-cfivo-con'cave. [Con'cavo- 
 con'cavus.] Having two concave 
 faces. 
 
 Con-ca'vo-con'vex, [Con'cavo- 
 convex'us.] Having one face concave, 
 the other convex. 
 
 Con-cen'trate. [From con, “to- 
 gether,” and ceu'trnm, a “centre.”] 
 Literally, to “bring together [as an 
 army] towards a common centre :” hence, 
 to condense, to strengthen. 
 
 Con-cen-tra'tion. [Concentra- 
 tio, o 'nis ; from the same.] Applied in 
 Chemistry to the operation of rendering 
 a fluid stronger by evaporating a por- 
 tion of the water it contains. 
 
 Con-een'tric. [Concen'tricus ; 
 from con, “together” or “with,” and 
 cen’trum , a “centre.”] Having one 
 common centre. 
 
 Con-^ep ' ta-cle. [Conccptac'u- 
 
 luiii ; from concip'io, concep'tnm, to 
 “conceive.”] Applied in Botany to the 
 case or vessel containing the reproduc- 
 tive corpuscles in cryptogamous plants. 
 The conceptacles are also termed cap- 
 sules, thecse, and sporangiee. 
 
 Con-cep'tion. [From the sarAe.] 
 The impregnation of the female ovulum 
 in the ovarium by the semen of the male, 
 whence results a new being. 
 
 Concep' tion, False. An imperfect 
 impregnation or blighted ovum. 
 
 Concha,* konk'a. [Gr.*6yx>7,a“shell.”] 
 Literally, a “shell.” Applied in Anato- 
 my to the hollow portion of the external 
 ear, etc. 
 
 Con'chse Xa'rl-iim.* (The “Shells 
 of the Nostrils.”) The turbinated por- 
 tion of the ethmoid bone, and the infe- 
 rior spongy bones. 
 
 Con-chi f'er-a.* [From con'cha , a 
 “ shell,” and fe'ro, to “ bear,” to “ carry.”] 
 The second class of the Cyclo-gangliata, 
 or Jifollusca, comprising acephalous 
 aquatic animals covered with a bivalve 
 or multivalve shell. 
 
 Con-chif 'er-ons. [Conchif 'erns ; 
 from the same.] Bearing, or having, 
 shells. 
 
 Conch 'oid. [Conchoi'des; from 
 xoyxn , a “shell,” and eidos, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a shell. 
 
 Con-choi'dal. The same as Con- 
 choid. 
 
 Con-chol'o-gy. [Concholo'gia ; 
 
 from Koyxn, a “shell,” and A>yo;, a “dis- 
 course.”] The science of shells; that 
 branch of Natural History which treats 
 of the form, structure, and peculiarities 
 of shells. 
 
 Conch'us.* [From Koyxn, a “shell.”] 
 The cranium. In the plural (Con'chi) 
 it is applied to the cavities of the eye. 
 
 133 
 
 12 * 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 Con-cliyl-e-ont'e-ter. [Concltyli- 
 oni'etriun; from Koy\v\ior, a “ shell, ” 
 and fiirfov, a “ measure.”] An instrument 
 for measuring shells. 
 
 Con-cliyl-i-o-lo'&i-a.# [From xoy- 
 XvXio , a “shell,” and Aoyoj, a “dis- 
 course.”] The same as Conchology. 
 
 Con-coc'tion. [Concoc'tio, o'jijs; 
 from con, intensive, and co' quo, coc’tum, 
 to “cook,” to “digest.”] The changing 
 process which the food undergoes in the 
 stomach and bowels: the same as Diges- 
 tion, though the latter is by some medi- 
 cal writers limited to the process in the 
 stomach. 
 
 Con-crete', or kong'kret. [Con- 
 cre'tus; from con, “together,” and cres' - 
 eo, ere 1 turn, to “grow.”] Applied to sub- 
 stances converted from a fluid to a more 
 solid consistence. 
 
 Con-cre'tion. [Concre'tio, o’nis; 
 from the same.] The growing together 
 of parts naturally separate, as the lingers 
 or toes. Applied in Chemistry to the 
 condensation of a fluid, or other sub- 
 stance, into a more solid consistence. 
 
 Con-cu'bi-tus.* [From con, “to- 
 gether,” and cu'bo, cu’bitum, to “lie.”] 
 The same as Coitus. 
 
 Con-cus'sion. [Concus'sio, o'nis ; 
 from concu'tio, caucus' sum, to “shake,” 
 to “shake violently.”] A diseased state, 
 producing alarming symptoms, caused 
 by great violence offered to the head, 
 though no fissure, fracture, or extravasa- 
 tion can be discovered. 
 
 Con-den-sa'tion. [Condensa'tio, 
 o’nis ; from con, “together,” and den’ so, 
 densa'tum, to “thicken,” to “make 
 thick.”] The process of bringing the 
 component parts of vapor or gas nearer 
 to each other by pressure or cold. Ap- 
 plied to increased density or solidity of 
 the blood or tissues. 
 
 Con-den 'ser, or Con-den-sa'tor.* 
 [From the same.] A vessel or apparatus 
 for condensing gas, vapor, or air. Also 
 an instrument for rendering sensible 
 the weakest quantities of electricity. 
 
 Con-dl-men'ta.* [The plural of 
 condimen' turn, a “ sauce” or “ seasoning 
 from con’dio, to “season.”] Condi- 
 ments: substances taken with the food to 
 improve its flavor, to promote its diges- 
 tion, or to correct its injurious qualities. 
 
 Con-duc'tion. [Conduc'tio, o'nis; 
 from condu’co, conduc'tum, to “lead to- 
 gether,” to “conduct.”] The passing 
 of caloric or electricity from one particle 
 of matter to another, as in an iron rod 
 heated at one end, in which case the 
 134 
 
 caloric is conducted gradually along the 
 particles of the iron. 
 
 ton-duc'tor, o'rw.* [From the 
 same.] Applied to a body which readily 
 transmits electricity or caloric. 
 
 Con-dn'pii-cate. [Conduplica- 
 tus; from con, “together,” and dupli- 
 ca'tus , “doubled.”] Folded together. 
 
 Con'dyle. [Condylus; from kov - 
 SuXos, a “knuckle,” a “knob.”] The 
 round eminence at the end of a bone in 
 a joint. 
 
 Con'dy-loid. [Condyloi'des; from 
 kov6j\os, a “knob,” a “condyle,” and sido;, 
 a “form.”] Resembling a condyle. 
 
 Con-dy-lo'ma, a tis.& [From ko^SoXos, 
 a “knob” or “tubercle.”] A small, hard 
 tumor, or wart-like excrescence, about 
 the anus and pudendum of both sexes. 
 
 Cone. [Lat. Co'nus; Gr. kmi/o;.] A 
 solid formed by the rotation of a right- 
 angled triangle about its perpendicular, 
 called the axis of the cone. 
 
 Cone-Shaped. See Conical. 
 
 Co-ne'in, or Co-ne me. [Coni'a, or 
 Coneia, ko-ni'a; from coni’ um, “hem- 
 lock.”] The active principle of Coni’ um 
 macula’ turn ; also termed Cicutin. 
 
 Conf. = Confec’ tio.% A “confection,” 
 
 Confectio,* kon-fek'she-o, plural 
 Confectioner, kon-fek-she-o'nez. (Fr. 
 Conjit, k&N°'f<P.) A confection. Under 
 this title the London College and U.S. 
 Pharmacopoeia comprehend the conserves 
 and electuaries of its former Pharma- 
 copoeias. 
 
 Confec'tio Ar-o-mat'I-ca.* (“Aro- 
 matic Confection.”) Take of aromatic 
 powder, four troyounces ; clarified honey, 
 four troyounces, or a sufficient quantity. 
 Rub the aromatic powder with clarified 
 honey until a uniform mass is obtained 
 oftheproperconsistence. (U.S.Ph., 1 860.) 
 
 Confec'tio Auran'tii (au-ran'she-i) 
 Cor'tl-^is.* (“Confection of Orange- 
 peel.”) Take of sweet orange-peel, re- 
 cently separated from the fruit by grating, 
 twelve troyounces; sugar, thirty-six 
 troyounces. Beat the orange-peel with 
 the sugar, gradually added, until they 
 are thoroughly mixed. (U.S. Ph., I860.) 
 
 Confec'tio O'pl-i.* (“Confection of 
 Opium.”) Take of opium, in fine pow- 
 der, two hundred and seventy grains ; 
 aromatic powder, six troyounces; clari- 
 fied honey, fourteen troyounces. Rub 
 the opium with the aromatic powder, 
 then add the honey, and beat the whole 
 together until thoroughly mixed. (U.S. 
 Ph., I860.) 
 
 Confec'tio Ro'sae.* (“Confection 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 of Rose/’) Take of red rose, in fine 
 powder, four troyounces'y sugar, in fine 
 powder, thirty troyounces; clarified 
 honey, six troyounces ; rose-water, eight 
 fluidounces. Rub the rose with the rose- 
 water heated to 150°, then gradually add 
 the sugar and honey, and beat the whole 
 together until thoroughly mixed. (U.S. 
 Ph., 1860.) 
 
 Confec'tio Sen'nse* (“ Confection 
 of Senna”) is composed of eight parts 
 of senna, four of coriander, sixteen of 
 purging cassia, ten of tamarind, seven of 
 prune, twelve of figs, thirty of sugar, 
 and of water a sufficient quantity. (For 
 particular directions in the preparation, 
 see U.S. Pharmacopoeia, 1860, pp. 129 
 and 130.) 
 
 Con lection es. See Confectio. 
 
 Con-fer ' va. ;!; [From confer' veo, to 
 “boil together,” to “boil up ;” so named, 
 perhaps, in allusion to its floating like 
 scum on the surface of the water.] The 
 Confervas are chiefly fresh-water plants, 
 composed of jointed capillary tubes, the 
 joints containing granules variously ar- 
 ranged. 
 
 Confervacese,* kon-fer-va'she-e. 
 [From Confer'va, a genus of aquatic 
 plants.] A natural order of flowerless 
 aquatic plants, common in fresh water. 
 At one period of their existence they 
 have the power of rapid and quasi-vol- 
 untary motion. 
 
 Con-fla'tion. [Confla'tio; from 
 con'jio , confla'tum ,- to “blow together,” 
 to “forge,” to “melt.”] The casting or 
 melting of metal. 
 
 Coii'flu-ent. [Coia'fluens; from 
 
 con, “together,” and Jln'o, to “flow,” to 
 “run.”] Applied in Botany to leaves 
 connected at their base. Applied also 
 to the eruption in Variola , and some 
 other exanthematous diseases, when the 
 pustules are so thick as to run together, 
 appearing like one mass of inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 Con-for-ma'tion. [Conforsna'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from con for' mo , to “shape” or 
 “form together,” to “adapt one thing 
 or part to another.”] The natural form 
 of a part. 
 
 Cong*. = Con' gins* A “gallon.” 
 
 Con-£e-la'tion. [Congela'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from con, intensive, and ge'lo, 
 gela'tnm, to “freeze.”] The process 
 whereby the change of a liquid to a solid 
 body is produced by the losing of its 
 caloric. 
 
 Con'ge-ner, eris* TFrom con, “to- 
 gether,” and ge’nus, a “ kind” or “ race.”] 
 
 (Fr. Uoa^»erc,k6NG'zhAnaiR f .) Literally, 
 “of the same kind with another.” Ap- 
 plied to muscles which perform the same 
 action. Applied to genera nearly allied, 
 or to species of the same genus. 
 
 Con-gen I-tal. [Congen itus; from 
 con, “together,” or “with,” and gen'i- 
 tus, “born.”] (Fr. Congenial, k<!)N c 'zhA- 
 ne-&l'.) Born with a person; existing 
 from birth: connate. 
 
 Con-ge'rl-es.* [From conge'ro , to 
 “carry together,” to “heap up.”] A 
 collection of a number of particles into 
 one mass. 
 
 Con-ges'tion. [Conges'tio, o'nis; 
 
 from conge'ro, conges' Unit, to “carry or 
 heap together.”] An excessive accumu- 
 lation of the contents of any of the 
 blood-vessels or ducts. 
 
 Con-ges'tive. [Congestions ; from 
 the same.] Capable of producing, or 
 tending to produce, congestion. 
 
 Con'gl-us.* A gallon. 
 
 Con'glo-bate. [Congloba'tus ; 
 from conglo'bo, con globa' turn, to “gather 
 into a ball.”] Formed into a ball. 
 
 Con'globate Gland [from con, “to- 
 gether,” and glo'bus, a “ball”], or Simple. 
 A gland subsisting by itself; as those 
 of the absorbent system. 
 
 Con-gloin 'cr-af e. [Conglomera'- 
 tus; from conglom'ero, conglom era' turn, 
 to “wind,” as on a ball, to “heap to- 
 gether.” See Agglomerate.] Irregu- 
 larly crowded together. 
 
 Congloni 'crate Gland [from con , 
 “together,” and glo'mus, glom'eris, a 
 “heap”], or Compound. A gland com- 
 posed of various glands; as the salivary, 
 parotid, pancreatic, etc. 
 
 Conglutinantia,* kon-glu-te-nan'- 
 she-a. [From conglu'lino, to “glue to- 
 gether.”] The same as Agglutinantia. 
 See Agglutinant. 
 
 Con-gres'sus,* or Con'gress. [From 
 
 congre'dion , congres'sus, to “meet to- 
 gether.”] The meeting of the male and 
 female in the act of procreation. The 
 same as Coitus. 
 
 Co'ni,* the plural of Conus, which see. 
 
 Co'ni Vas-cu-lo'si.* (“Vascular 
 Cones.”) The conical convolutions of 
 the vasa efferentia of the testis. They 
 constitute the epididymis. 
 
 Co-ni'a.* The same as Conein, which 
 see. 
 
 Conic. See Conical. 
 
 Con'i-cal. [Con'icus.] Belonging 
 to a cone; shaped like a cone. 
 
 Con i-cin. [Conici'na.] The same 
 as Conein, which see. 
 
 135 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 Co-11 if'er-se* [from co'nns , a “cone,” 
 and fe'ro , to “bear”], or Pinacese,* 
 pi-na'she-e. A natural order of exo- 
 genous trees and shrubs, found in nearly 
 all parts of the world, and usually ever- 
 green. It includes the pine, cedar, 
 spruce, cypress, juniper, and other trees 
 of great value for timber. No order can 
 be named of more universal importance 
 to man, whether we view it with refer- 
 ence to its timber or its secretions, 
 among which are turpentine, resin, bal- 
 sam, and pitch. 
 
 Co-nif'er-ous. [Conif 'erus; from 
 
 co'nns, a “cone,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing cones. See Conifers. 
 
 Coniform. See Conoid. 
 
 Co-ni'i Fo'li-a.* (“Leaves of Co- 
 nium.”) See Conium. 
 
 Co-ni-ros'tris.* [From co'nns, a 
 “cone,” and ros'trum, a “beak.”] Ap- 
 plied in the plural feminine to a family 
 of birds having a strong conical beak : 
 coniros'trate. 
 
 Co-ni'um.* [Gr. kcovsiov.] Called in 
 English Hemlock. (Fr. Cigue , s&'gii'.) A 
 Linnaean genus of the class Pentan- 
 dria, natural order Umbelliferse. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || of the fresh-dried 
 leaves of Conium maeulatum. Hemlock 
 is narcotic and sedative. In large doses 
 it causes vertigo, dimness of vision, 
 nausea, numbness in the limbs, convul- 
 sions, and death. Sometimes death en- 
 sues from paralysis without coma or 
 convulsions. It is employed medicinally 
 as a palliative in cancerous ulcers, pain- 
 ful scrofulous tumors, etc. ; also in 
 chronic rheumatism, neuralgia, asthma, 
 and phthisis. 
 
 Coni' am JIac-u-la'tum.* The sys- 
 tematic name of the hemlock, termed 
 Cicu'tn by the Latin authors; but it is 
 quite distinct from the Cicuta macalata 
 of modern botanists. 
 
 Conjonctive, k&N<»'zh6xk't&v\ The 
 French for Conjunctiva. See Conjunc- 
 tive. 
 
 Con Ju-y ate. [Conjii^a tns; from 
 
 con, “together,” and jn'go, juga'tnm, to 
 “yoke,” to “join.”] Yoked; joined in 
 pairs. Applied to the leaves of plants. 
 
 Conjunctiva. See Conjunctivus. 
 
 Coii-junc-tl-vi'tis, idis* Inflam- 
 mation of the conjunctiva. 
 
 Con-junc-ti'vus.* [From con, “to- 
 gether,” and jnn'go, junction, to “join.”] 
 Applied to a delicato mucous membrane 
 (Memb-’a'na Conjnncti'va ) which lines 
 both eyelids and covers the external 
 portion of the eyeball. 
 
 136 
 
 Connaraceae,* kon-na-ra'she-e. 
 [From Con'nams, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of trees and shrubs, 
 found in the tropics. One species pro- 
 duces the beautiful zebra-wood of the 
 cabinet-makers. 
 
 Con'nate. [Conna'tus; from con, 
 “together,” and nas'cor, na'tus, to “be 
 born,” to “grow.”] Born with one; con- 
 genital. In Botany, grown together. 
 
 Con-nec' five [see next article] Tis'- 
 sue. The same as Cellular Tissue. 
 
 Con-nec-ti'vum.* [From con, “to- 
 gether,” and nee' to, to “knit” or “tie.”] 
 In Botany, the transverse body by which 
 the lobes of the anther are united. 
 
 Con-ni'vens,* plural Con-ni-ven'- 
 tes. [From con , “together,” and ni'veo , 
 to “wink.”] Converging, as the eyelids 
 in winking, etc. See Valvule Conni- 
 ventes. 
 
 Co'noid. [Conoi'des; from kwos, 
 a “cone,” and eidog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling a cone ; coniform. 
 
 Co'noid Lig'a-ment. [Ligamen'- 
 turn Conoi'des.] The ligament which 
 passes from the root of the coracoid 
 process to the clavicle. 
 
 Conque, k6xk (Fr.). See Concha. 
 
 Con-ser'van-cy. [From conser'vo, 
 conservation, to “ preserve.”] Preserva- 
 tion. Applied in medicine to the pre- 
 vention of decay in excreta, etc., with a 
 view to promoting health. 
 
 Con-ser-va'trix, i'cisj* [From the 
 same.] Preserving. (Used only in the 
 feminine.) See Yis Conservatrix. 
 
 Con serve. [Conser'va.] A com- 
 position of some vegetable substance and 
 sugar, beaten into a uniform mass. 
 
 Consomml (Fr.), kbN°'som'm&', i.e. 
 “complete,” “perfect.” [From consom - 
 mer; literally, to “sum up;” hence, to 
 “finish,” to “perfect.”] A rich broth or 
 soup containing a large proportion of gela- 
 tine. Named, it would seem, on account 
 of its summing up, or containing in a 
 concentrated form, all the richest and 
 best ingredients of the meat. 
 
 Con-stel-la'tion. [Constella'tio, 
 o 'nis; from con , “ together,” and stel'ln , 
 a “star.”] A collection of fixed stars 
 representing an animal or other figure, 
 according to their arrangement. 
 
 Con -s tl-pa' t ion. [ Const! pa t io, 
 o' nis ; from con , “together,” and sti'po , 
 stipa'tnm, to “stuff,” to “cram close.”] 
 (Fr. Echauffement , &'shof'morr°'.) Cos- 
 tiveness ; tardiness in evacuating the 
 bowe’s. 
 
 Con-stit'u-en&.* [Present participle 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 of con&tit’uo , to “constitute,” to ^com- 
 pose, to “make,” or “form,”] Lite- 
 rally, “that which constitutes” or helps 
 to constitute or form any compound. 
 The vehicle ; a constituent part of a 
 medicinal formula, commonly signifying 
 that which furnishes a convenient and 
 agreeable form. See Prescription. 
 
 Cou-stl-t u ' tion . [Cons t i tu ' tio, 
 
 o 'nis; from constit'uo , constitu' turn, to 
 “form,” to “constitute” (from con , 
 “together,” and stat'uo , to “set” or 
 “place”).] The general habit or tem- 
 perament of the body. See Diathesis. 
 
 Constitution of tlie Air. That 
 peculiar condition of the air which causes 
 epidemics, or which impresses upon 
 epidemic or sporadic diseases their 
 peculiar character. 
 
 Con-sti-tu'tion-al. Belonging to, 
 or dependent upon, tlie constitution. 
 
 Con -s trie ' to r, ;:; plural Con-stric- 
 to'res. [From con, “together,” and 
 strin'go , strip turn, to “draw,” to “bind.”] 
 Applied to a muscle that draws together 
 or contracts any opening of the body, 
 such as the pharynx. 
 
 Constrictor Ani. See Sphincter 
 Ani. 
 
 Constrictor Oris. See Orbicula- 
 ris Oris. 
 
 Con-stric-to' res Pha-ryii 'gis.* 
 
 (“Constrictors of the Pharynx. ”) These 
 are muscles forming a part of the parie- 
 tes of the pharynx, which they con- 
 tract. 
 
 Constringen tia, :; - kon-strin-jen'- 
 she-a. [The neuter plural of the present 
 participle of constrin'go, to “bind to- 
 gether.”] Applied to medicines which 
 contract the tissues and check the secre- 
 tions, etc. The same as Astringents, 
 which see. 
 
 Con -su nip' tion. [Consump'tio, 
 
 o' nis; from cons u f mo, consump'tum, to 
 “ consume” or “waste away.”] Any 
 wasting away of the body, but usually 
 applied to Phthisis pulmonalis. See 
 Phthisis and Tabes. 
 
 Contabescentia,* kon-tab-es-sen'- 
 she-a. [From con, intensive, and tabes' - 
 co, to “waste away.”] Atrophy, or con- 
 sumption; wasting away of the whole 
 body. See Tabes. 
 
 Con-ta'gion. [Conta'gio, o' nis • 
 
 from contin'go, to “touch,” to “affect.”] 
 fhe communication of a disease by con- 
 tact, or by inhaling the effluvia from one 
 already affected; often used as syno- 
 nymous with Infection, which see. 
 
 Con-ta'gious. [Contagio'sus; from 
 
 the same.] Applied to diseases which 
 are spread by Contagion. 
 
 Con- tin tied Fe'ver. [Fe'bris 
 Continua.] A fever in which the 
 symptoms do not intermit till its ter- 
 mination. 
 
 Con-ti-nu'I-ty. [Continu'itas ; 
 
 from cantin' eo, to “hold” or “keep to- 
 gether.”] A union of parts so complete 
 that they cannot be separated without 
 laceration or fracture. 
 
 Continuity, No-lu'tiou of. The 
 separation by fracture or laceration of 
 parts previously continuous. 
 
 Contorsio, or Contortio (kon-tor'- 
 she-o), o'nis.% [From con, intensive, and 
 tor'queo, tor' sum or tor' turn, to “ twist.”] 
 A twisting or contortion. 
 
 Con-tort'. [From the same.] To 
 twist, or twist together: thus, the leaves 
 or petals of certain plants, and some- 
 times arteries and veins, are said to be 
 contorted. 
 
 Con'tra. A Latin preposition, sig- 
 nifying “against,” “over against,” or 
 “opposite to.” 
 
 Con'tra-Apertu'ra.* [From con'tra , 
 “opposite,” and apertu'ra, an “aper- 
 ture.”] A counter-opening. An open- 
 ing made in an abscess opposite to one 
 already existing in it, to facilitate the 
 discharge of matter. 
 
 Con'tra-Exten'sio* ( ex-ten'she-o). 
 Counter-extension. The holding of the 
 upper part of a broken limb or a dislo- 
 cated joint towards the trunk, while ex- 
 tension is being employed with the lower 
 part. 
 
 Con'tra-Fissu'ra.* (Fr. Contrecovp, 
 kdNtVkoo', and Contrefente, kbNtVfbNt'.) 
 A fracture in a part opposite or distant 
 from that in which the blow is received, 
 See Fissura. 
 
 Con'tra-In'dicate. [From con'tra , 
 and indi'eo, to “indicate,” to “show.”] 
 To prohibit or prevent the use of a par- 
 ticular remedy. See next article. 
 
 Con'tra-Indica'tion. [ Con'tra-indi - 
 ca'tio , o' nis; from the same.] That 
 which forbids the use of a particular 
 remedy which otherwise it would be 
 proper to exhibit. 
 
 Con-trac'tile. [Contrac'tilis; from 
 con, “together,” and tra'ho, trac'tum, to 
 “draw.”] Possessing Contractility, 
 which see. 
 
 Contractility. See Contractility. 
 
 Con-trac-til'i-ty. [Contractil'itas, 
 
 a 'tis ; from the same. Fr. Contractility, 
 k6N«'tr&k't£'l£'t5P.] A property by which 
 the particles of bodies resume their 
 137 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 original position when the power ap- 
 plied to separate them is withdrawn. 
 Also, that vital property which gives to 
 certain parts (muscles, for example) the 
 power of contracting, by means of 
 which all the various tribes of animals 
 perform their motions. 
 
 Contractility is voluntary in what are 
 termed the organs of animal life (such 
 as the hands, feet, tongue, etc.), and in- 
 voluntary in those of organic life (as the 
 heart, the stomach, etc.). Contractility 
 is sometimes used as synonymous with 
 Irritabilitv, which see. 
 
 Con-tra<c'tion. [Contrac'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The shortening, of liv- 
 ing fibre on the application of stimulus. 
 Also, the shortening of a muscle from 
 some morbid cause. 
 
 Con-trac-tu'ra.* [From the same.] 
 Literally, “ contraction.” The name of 
 a genus of the order Dyscinesise , class 
 Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. A disease 
 attended with permanent rigidity of the 
 flexor muscles. It is sometimes the re- 
 sult of rheumatism, colica pictonum, and 
 other diseases. 
 
 Con-tra-jer'va,* or Con-tra-yer'- 
 va.* A former name for the root of the 
 j D >rst.e'nia contrayer'va. See Dorstenia. 
 
 Contre-coup, Contre-fente, Con- 
 tre-fracture. (Fr.) The same as Con- 
 tra-Fissura, which see. 
 
 Con-tu'sion. [Contu'sio, o 'nis; 
 from contun'do, contn'sum , to “ bruise.”] 
 (Fr. Meurtrissure , mUR'tr^'suR'.) Injury 
 by an obtuse weapon, or violent collision 
 against a hard body, without breach of 
 the integuments: a bruise. 
 
 Co'nus.* [Gr. kc3i/oj.] A cone. Ap- 
 plied in Botany to a particular kind of 
 fructification, as the fir-top. See Stro- 
 BILUS. 
 
 Con-va-lgs'sence. [Convalescen'- 
 tia; from commies' co, to “grow strong” 
 or “well.”] The state or period between 
 the removal of actual disease and the 
 full recovery of the strength. 
 
 Con*va*les'?8nt. [Con vales'cens ; 
 the present participle of the same.] Lite- 
 rally, “growing strong” or “well.” Re- 
 turning to full health after a disease is 
 removed. 
 
 Con-val-la'rl-a.* [From conval'lis , 
 a “valley;” named from its abounding 
 in valleys.] A genus of plants, of which 
 several species were formerly used in 
 medicine. The flowers and root of the 
 Convalla' ria maia'lis (or maja'lis) have 
 been employed as an errhine, and the 
 former as a cathartic. 
 
 13S 
 
 Con'vex. [Convex'us; from con , 
 
 “together,” and ve'ho , vec'tum or vex'um, 
 to “carry.”] Literally, “brought to- 
 gether;” hence, heaped up, swelling up 
 like a heap of grain or like the part of a 
 sphere. 
 
 Convexo-Concavus. See Concavo- 
 
 Convex. 
 
 Con-vex'o-Con'vex. [Convex'o- 
 Convex'us.] Having both surfaces 
 convex. 
 
 Con-vo-lu'ta Os'sa.* (“Convoluted 
 Bones.”) A term applied to the upper 
 and lower turbinated bones of the nose. 
 See Convolutus. 
 
 Con-vo-lu'tion. [Convolu'tio, 
 
 o 'nis; from con, “together,” and vol'vo , 
 volu'tum, to “roll,” to “wrap.”] Any 
 thing which is rolled together or upon 
 itself. Hence the term is applied to the 
 tortuous eminences of the cerebrum ; 
 also, to the irregular foldings of the in- 
 testines. 
 
 Con-vo-lu'tus.* [From the same.] 
 Rolled up; convoluted. 
 
 Convolvulaceav* kon-vol-vu-la'- 
 she-e, or Con-volvii-li.* [From Con- 
 volvulus , one of the genera.] A natu- 
 ral order of herbaceous or shrubby twi- 
 ning plants, yielding a milky juice when 
 wounded. They are abundant in the 
 tropics, and possess purgative qualities 
 in their roots, depending upon a peculiar 
 resin, of which scammony and jalap may 
 be taken as examples. 
 
 Con-vol-vu-la'ceous. [Convolvu- 
 la'ceus.] Having an arrangement like 
 the Convolvulus. 
 
 Con-vol'vu-li,* the plural of Con- 
 volvulus, forming the Jussieuan name 
 of a natural order of plants. See Con- 
 volvulace^. 
 
 Con- vol ' vu-lus.* [From convol'vo , 
 to ^wrap together,” to “entwine.”] 
 Bindweed. A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Pentandria, natural order Convol- 
 vulacese. 
 
 Con vol 'vnlus Ja-la'pa.* The name 
 given by Linnaeus to the jalap-plant; 
 now referred to the genus Ipomoea. See 
 Ipomce a Jalapa. 
 
 Convol vulus Scain-mo'nl-au* The 
 
 systematic name of the scammony-plant. 
 
 Convulsio. See Convulsion. 
 
 Convulsio Camilla. See Risus Sar- 
 
 DONICUS. 
 
 Convul'sio (kon-vul'she-o) Ila-bit- 
 u-a'lis.* (“Habitual Convulsion.”) 
 One of the names of Chorea, or St. Vitus’s 
 Dance. 
 
 Con-vul'sion. [Convul'sio, o' nis; 
 
COP 
 
 COR 
 
 from conveVlo , convul'snm, to “pull to- 
 gether.”] Violent agitation of the limbs 
 or body, generally marked by clonic 
 spasms. See Spasmus. 
 
 Co^ahu, ko'p&'ii'. The French term 
 for Copaiba, which see. 
 
 Co-pai'ba* (Spanish pronunciation 
 ko-pI'B&, almost ko-pI'v&). [From Co' - 
 pal , an odoriferous gum, and i'ba or 
 i'va, a “tree.”] A resinous juice, or 
 olco-resin, obtained from the Copaifera 
 multijuga and other species of Copaifera. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name || of balsam of 
 copaiba. 
 
 Copaiba is gently stimulant, diuretic, 
 and laxative, and in large doses some- 
 times actively purgative. It is much 
 used as a remedy in gonorrhoea and 
 other diseases of the mucous mem- 
 branes, especially those of a chronic 
 character. 
 
 Copai'bse O'le-um.* (“Oil of Co- 
 paiba.”) An oil distilled from the oleo- 
 resin of copaiba (Lond. Ph., 1851). 
 
 Co-pa-if 'er-a.* [From copai'ba , and 
 fe’ro , to “bear.”] A Linnaean genus of 
 the class Decandria , natural order Legu- 
 minosse. 
 
 Copaif'era 31 ul-tij 'u-ga.* The 
 
 systematic name of the tree which pro- 
 duces copaiba, growing native in Vene- 
 zuela, also found in some of the West 
 India islands, particularly Trinidad and 
 Martinique. It is a handsome tree, with 
 a lofty stem much branched at the top 
 and crowned with a thick canopy of 
 foliage. 
 
 Copaif'era ©f-fii^-i-ana'lis.* One 
 
 sf the plants which afford copaiba. 
 
 Co-pai'va. The same as Copaiba, 
 which see. 
 
 Co 'pal. (Sp. Copal, ko-p&l'.) A resin- 
 ous substance obtained from the Hy- 
 mensea Courbaril and other species of 
 Hymensea. Dissolved in alcohol, it has 
 been used as a remedy for spongy gums. 
 It is at present chiefly or solely em- 
 ployed as a varnish. 
 
 Co-pfao'sis.* [From Koxpog, “deaf.”] 
 Deafness. 
 
 Copper. See Cuprum. 
 
 Cop'per-as. A name for the sulphates 
 of copper, iron, and zinc; also respect- 
 ively called blue, green, and white vitriol. 
 
 Cop'per-BBielk'el. A native arseniu- 
 ret of nickel, a copper-colored mineral 
 found in Westphalia. 
 
 Cop-ra-go'g’us.* [From Ko-npog, “ex- 
 crement,” and ayu), to “carry” or “bring 
 away.”] Applied in the plural neuter 
 ( Coprago'ga) to purgatives, — that is, 
 
 medicines which bring away the faeces: 
 cop'ragogue. 
 
 Cop'ro-lite, Cop'ro-lith. [Coprol- 
 itlius; from awrpos, “excrement,” and 
 Atfloj, a “stone.”] A ball of hardened 
 faeces or other mass in the bowels. 
 
 Co- pros ' ta-sis.* [From Konpog, 
 “faeces,” and tor^t, to “stand,” to “bo 
 stationary.”] Costiveness; undue re^ 
 tention of the faeces in the intestines, 
 lienee the terms Copragoga or Eccopro - 
 tica, denoting purgatives. 
 
 Cop- u- la/ 1 ion. [Copula'tio, o'ni*; 
 from cop' ulo, copula' turn, to “couple to- 
 gether.”] The same as Congressus, 
 which see. 
 
 Cor,* gen. Cor'dis. [Gr. Kaptia- Fr. 
 Coeur, kuR.] The Latin term for the 
 heart, the central organ of circulation. 
 See Heart. 
 
 Cor'a-c©-. A prefix denoting at- 
 tachment to the coracoid process of the 
 scapula. 
 
 Cbr'a-coid. [Coracoi'des; from 
 Kopa\, Kopaxog, a “raven” or “crow,” and 
 £?<5 oj, a “form.”] Resembling a crow’s 
 beak. Applied to a process of the 
 scapula; also applied by Owen to the 
 homologues of the coracoid process of 
 the scapula. 
 
 Cor'acoid Li^-a-ment. [IJga- 
 mcn'tuni Coracoi deum.] A small 
 ligament extending from the coracoid 
 process across the notch of the scapula, 
 converting the notch into a foramen. 
 
 Cor'acoid Process. [Proccs'sus 
 Coracoi'deus.] A projection or process 
 on the anterior and upper margin of the 
 scapula, supposed to resemble the beak 
 of a crow. 
 
 Cor-a-co-i 'de-us.* [From coracoi'- 
 des. ] Belonging to the coracoid process 
 of the scapula. See Coracoid Liga- 
 ment and Coracoid Process. 
 
 Cor al. [Lat. Coral'lium or Co- 
 ral'lum; Gr. KopaWiov; supposed to be 
 derived from Kopn, a “daughter,” and 
 uAj, the “sea.”] A stony or horny sub- 
 stance growing in the sea, once supposed 
 to be a plant, but now regarded as the 
 skeleton or shell of a congeries of small 
 Polypi. 
 
 Cor-al-lif 'er-ous. [Corallif 'crus ; 
 
 from coral' lum, and fe'ro , to “bear.”] 
 Coral-bearing. Applied in the plural 
 masculine {Corallif ’ eri) to an order of 
 Polypi. 
 
 Cor-al'li-form. [Corallifor'mis ; 
 
 from coral'lium or coral’ lum.~\ Formed 
 like coral. 
 
 Cor-al-ll&'er-us.* [From coral’- 
 
 139 
 
COR 
 
 COR 
 
 him, and ge'ro , to "bear.”] The same as 
 Cora lliferous. 
 
 €dr'al*loid. [Coralloi'des ; from 
 coral' lum, and eidog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling coral. 
 
 Coralloidal. See Coralloid. 
 
 Cor'cn-lnm. $ [Diminutive of cor, 
 the “heart.”] The heart and essence of 
 the seed; the embryo, or germ. 
 
 Correlate. [Corda'tus; from cor, 
 cor'd is, the “ heart.”] Heart-shaped. 
 
 Cordiaceae,* kor-de-a'she-e. [From 
 Cor’dia, one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of exogenous trees, natives of the 
 tropics. They are the Sebestens of the 
 European Materia Medica. 
 
 Cordial, kord'yal. [Cordia'lis; 
 from cor, the “heart.”] Any stimu- 
 lating medicine which raises the spirits. 
 
 Cor'di-foran. [Cordifor'mis; from 
 cor, the “heart.”] Formed like a heart. 
 
 Cordon Ombilicale, koR'd6x«' 6 m'- 
 b6'16'kal\ The French term for Funicu- 
 lus, which see. 
 
 Core. [F rom cor, the “heart.”] The 
 hard portion of sloughy or purulent 
 matter found in boils. 
 
 Cor-ec-toanl-a.* [From xopr), the 
 “ pupil,” and cKrcp^co, to “cut out.”] The 
 operation for artificial pupil by removal 
 of a part of the iris: corec'tomy. See 
 Coretomia and Iridectomy. 
 
 Cor-e-di-al'y-sis.* [From Kopri, the 
 “pupil,” and &dAuatf.] The operation for 
 artificial pupil, separating part of the ex- 
 ternal margin of the iris from the Corpus 
 ciliare. See Iridodialysis. 
 
 Cor-e-mor-plio'sis.* [From xopn, 
 the “pupil,” and popping, “formation.”] 
 An operation for forming an artificial 
 pupil. See Corectomia, Iridectomy. 
 
 Cor-en-clei'sis.* [From xopri, the 
 “pupil,” and iyxXdcj, to “include.”] An 
 operation for artificial pupil by drawing 
 a portion of the iris through an incision 
 in the cornea, and cutting it off. 
 
 Co- re-011 '$I-on,* Co- re-on 'ci-nm,* 
 or ko-re-on'she-uin. [From xdpq, the 
 “ pupil,” and oyxog, a “hook.”] A kind of 
 hook for the operation for artificial pupil. 
 
 Core-plas'ti-ca,* Core-plas'ti- 
 [From /topij, the “pupil,” and n\a<7- 
 riKfj, the “art of making images.”] Ope- 
 ration for artificial pupil in general: 
 cor'eplasty. 
 
 Cor-e-to'mI-a.* [From xoprj, the 
 “ pupil,” and Tvpjin, to “cut.”] Opera- 
 tion for artificial pupil by simply cutting 
 through the iris: corct'omy. Sec Iri- 
 ditomia. 
 
 Co-rl-a'ceous. [Coria'ccns; from 
 140 
 
 co'rium, “leather.”] Of the nature of 
 leather; leathery. 
 
 Co-ri-an'druni.* [From xopig, a 
 “bug;” from the smell.] A Linnsean 
 genus of the class Pentandria, natural 
 order Umbelliferse. Also the Pharmaco- 
 poeial name || for the fruit of Conundrum 
 sativum. 
 
 Corian'drum Sa-ti'vum.* The 
 
 coriander-plant. 
 
 Co'ri-uin.* [Gr. *opioi/.] Literally, 
 the “skin or hide of animals.” The 
 Cutis, or true skin. 
 
 Cor'mus.* [Gr. xoppog, a “trunk” or 
 a “tail.”] A corm. The body, or trunk 
 of a tree; also the bulb of bulbous 
 plants. 
 
 Corn. [From c or'nn, a “horn. Fr. 
 Cor, koR.] A horny hardness of the 
 skin, occurring chiefly on the joints of 
 the toes, and caused by continued pres- 
 sure or friction. 
 
 Cornaceae,* kor-na'she-e, or Cor'- 
 ne-ae. ;: A natural order of trees and 
 shrubs, found in temperate climates, in- 
 cluding the Cor nus, or Dog- Wood, the 
 bark of which is said to rank among 
 the best tonics in North America. 
 
 Corne. See Cornu. 
 
 Cor'ne-a.* [From cor' mi, a “horn.”] 
 A transparent, convexo-concave, nearly 
 circular substance, forming the anterior 
 part of the eyeball. It is often termed 
 the Cornea lu'cida, or C. transpa'rens, or 
 the “transparent cornea.” 
 
 Cor'nea O-pa'ca.* The sclerotic 
 coat of the eye. 
 
 Cor-ne-i'tis, i dis.% [From cor'nea .] 
 Inflammation of the cornea. The same 
 as Ceratitis. 
 
 Cor'ne-ous. [Cor neas; from cor'- 
 nu.] Belonging to horn; horny. 
 
 Cornicle. See Corniculum. 
 
 Cor-nic ' u-late. [Cor n icula ' t us ; 
 from comic' ulum, a “little horn.”] Hav- 
 ing horns or parts resembling them. 
 
 Cor-nic' u-Ium* [diminutive of cor'- 
 nu, a “horn”], or Cornic'ulum 1a- 
 ryn'&is* (“Cornicle of the Larynx”). 
 A small cartilaginous body surmount- 
 ing the arytenoid cartilage. 
 
 Cor'ni-form. [Cornifor'mis; from 
 cor'nu, a “horn.”] Horn-shaped. 
 
 Cor-ni&'er-ous. [Cornig'erns; 
 from cor'nu, and ge'ro , to “ bear.”] 
 Having horns. 
 
 Cor'nin, or Cor'nine. A term 
 applied to a peculiar bitter principle 
 said to have been found in the bark of 
 the Cornus Florida: its properties re- 
 semble those of quinine. 
 
COR 
 
 COR 
 
 Cor'nu,* plural Cor'nu-a. (Fr. 
 Come , koun.) A Latin word signifying a 
 “horn.” Applied to a certain kind of 
 warts, on account of their horny hard- 
 ness. Also the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) of hartshorn. See 
 Cornu Cervi. 
 
 Cor'nua U'teri* (“Horns of the 
 Uterus.”) The angles of the uterus 
 where the Fallopian tubes are given off. 
 
 Cornu Am-mo'nis,* Uor'nu A-ri'- 
 e-tis.* The appearance like a ram’s 
 horn presented by the cortical substance 
 of the cerebrum when the pen hippo- 
 campi is cut transversely through. 
 
 Uor'nu Uer'vi.* (“Horn of the 
 Stag.”) The horn of the Cervus elephas; 
 hartshorn. An impure carbonate of 
 ammonia was formerly obtained from 
 burning the shavings of hartshorn; 
 while the residue, called Cornu it stum 
 (“ burnt horn”), consisting chiefly of 
 phosphate of lime with a small pro- 
 portion of free lime, was used as an 
 antacid. 
 
 Cor nu Us'tum. :;: [From u'ro, us' turn, 
 to “burn.”] A name for the phosphate 
 of lime prepared from horn by fire. See 
 Cornu Cervi. 
 
 Cor'nus €ir-ci-na'ta,* and Cor'nus 
 
 Seri^j'ea..* Small trees or shrubs found 
 in the Northern and Middle United States. 
 Their bark possesses medical virtues 
 similar to those of Copnus Floriba. 
 
 Cor'nus Fldr'a-tf^u* A small tree 
 of the Linnaean class Tetrandria, natu- 
 ral order Cornacese. It grows in all the 
 United States east of the Mississippi, 
 but most abundantly in the Middle 
 States. Also the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) of the bark of the Cornus 
 Florida, which appears to possess, 
 though in an inferior degree, the tonic 
 and antiperiodic virtues of cinchona. 
 
 Cornus Sericea (se-rish'e-a). See 
 Cornus Circinata. 
 
 Cor'nute. [Cornn'tus; from cor'nu, 
 a “horn.”] Having horns; horned. 
 
 Co-rol'la.* [Diminutive of coro'na , 
 a “crown.”] Literally, a “little crown.” 
 Usually the most beautiful portion of 
 the flower (the separate pieces of which 
 are called petals), situated between the 
 calyx and internal organs. 
 
 ۩r'ol-la-ry. [Corolla'raum ; from 
 coroVla .] Applied to a tendril formed 
 by a petal or segment of a corolla. Also, 
 a truth necessarily following from some 
 preceding truth or demonstration. 
 
 Cor'ol-late. Having a corolla. 
 
 Cor-ol-lif 'er-ons. [Corollif 'erus ; 
 13 
 
 from corol’la, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing a corolla. 
 
 Cor-olli-form. [Corollifor'mis ; 
 
 from corol'la.] Having the appearance 
 of a corolla. 
 
 Co-rol'lu-la.* [Diminutive of coroV- 
 la .] The partial floret of a compound 
 flower. 
 
 €o-ro'na.* [From Kopu>vr], the “crest” 
 or “summit” of any thing.] A crown. 
 Applied in Anatomy and Natural His- 
 tory to eminences of bone, or any ob- 
 jects or parts bearing resemblance to 
 a crown. 
 
 Coro'na Olan'dis.* (“Crown of 
 the Gians.”) The ring or rim running 
 round the base of the Clans penis. 
 
 Coro'na Ven'e-ris.* (“Crown of 
 Venus.”) (Fr. Couronne de Venus, koo'- 
 ronn' deh v&'nus'.) Syphilitic blotches 
 which often extend around the forehead, 
 like a crown. 
 
 Co-ro'nad. Applied the same as 
 Coronal used adverbially. 
 
 Cor-o'nal, orkor'o-nal. [Corona'iis; 
 from coro'na, a “crown.”] Applied by 
 Dr. Barclay in reference to the aspects 
 of the head; towards the crown of the 
 head. 
 
 Coro'nal vSu'ture. [Sutu'ra Co- 
 rona'lis.] The suture formed by the 
 union of the frontal with the two parie- 
 tal bones. 
 
 Cor'o-na-ry. [Corona'rins ; from 
 
 coro'na, a “crown.”] (Fr. Coronaire , 
 ko'ro'neR'.) Applied to vessels, liga- 
 ments, and nerves which encircle parts 
 like a crown, as the “coronary arteries 
 of the heart,” the “coronary artery of 
 the stomach,” etc. 
 
 Cor-o-na'tus.* [From coro'na , 
 corona' turn, to “crown.”] Literally, 
 “crowned.” Applied in the plural femi- 
 nine (Corona' tae) to a class or division 
 of plants having the seed-bud crowned 
 by the flower-cup. 
 
 Co-ro'ne.* [Gr. Kopdovrj, a “crow,” 
 any thing curved like a crow’s beak.] 
 The acute process of the lower jaw- 
 bone, — so named from its supposed re- 
 semblance to a crow’s bill. 
 
 Cor'o-ner. [From coro'na, a“crown.”] 
 Originally an officer who had authority 
 from the Crown to make inquest before 
 a jury of twelve, as to the true cause of 
 death, in every case of sudden decease. 
 The word was formerly written Crowner. 
 
 Cor'o-noid. [Coronoi'des; from 
 Kopnvri, a “crow,” and elAog, a “form.”] 
 Applied to processes of bones in any 
 way like a crow’s beak. Applied by 
 141 
 
COR 
 
 COR 
 
 Owen to the subdivision in the mandi- 
 ble of reptiles, into which the crotaphite 
 muscle is always more or less inserted. 
 
 Co-ron'u-la.~ [Diminutive of coro'- 
 na, a “ crown.”] A coronet or downy 
 tuft surrounding the seeds of certain 
 flowers. A cor'onule. 
 
 Cor'po-ra, ii: * gen. Cor'po-rum, the 
 plural of Corpus, which see. 
 
 Cor pora Albican' tia* (al-be-kan'- 
 she-a). (The “Whitish Bodies.” See Al- 
 bicans.) Two small protuberances on 
 the base of the brain. Called also 
 Mammillary Tubercles or Mammillary 
 Bodies, from their resemblance to anipple. 
 
 Corpora Ainylacea. See Neuro- 
 Glia. 
 
 Corpora Cav-er-no'sa.* (“Cav- 
 ernous Bodies ;” so called from the cavi- 
 ties or cells found in them.) The crura 
 of the penis. Also, the same part or 
 parts of the Clitoris. As the Corpora 
 cavernosa are only partially separated, it 
 is more correct to call this portion of 
 the organ the Corpus cavernosum (“ Cav- 
 ernous Body”). 
 
 Cor'pora fa. :;: ' [From 
 
 genicula'tus , “jointed” or “bent like a 
 knee.”] Two tubercles, internum and 
 externum , on the inferior part of the 
 optic thalami. 
 
 Corpora lai'te-a.* (“Yellow Bo- 
 dies.”) Yellow spots found in the ovaria , 
 in place of ova, removed by impregna- 
 tion or otherwise. 
 
 Cor pora Jlam-mil-la'rl-a..* The 
 
 Corpora Albicantia, which see. 
 
 Cor'pora Ol-I-va'ri-a* (“ Olive- 
 shaped Bodies”), Cor'pora O-va'ta* 
 (■“ Oval Bodies”). The two external 
 oval prominences on the Medulla oblon- 
 gata. 
 
 Cor'pora Py r- am i-da'Ii-a»* (“ Py- 
 ramidal Bodies.”) The two anterior 
 eminences of the Medulla oblongata. 
 
 Corpora (luadrigcmina. See Tu- 
 be rcul a Qitadrigemina. 
 
 Cor'pora Ites-ti-for'ini-a.*( “Rope- 
 like Bodies.”) The two posterior oval 
 eminences on the Medulla oblongata. 
 
 Corpora Sesamoidea. See Arantii, 
 Corpora. 
 
 Cor'pora Stri-a'ta.* (“Striated 
 Bodies.”) Two smooth cineritious con- 
 vexities, one on the fore part of eich 
 lateral ventricle of the brain. When 
 cut, a mixture of gray and white matter 
 in alternate layers is exhibited, causing 
 il striated appearance. 
 
 Corpulency. See Polysarcia. 
 
 Cor'pus,* gen. Cor'po-ris. (Fr. 
 
 342 
 
 Corps , koR.) A Latin word signifying 
 Body, which see. 
 
 Cor'pns An-mi-la're.'** The Pons 
 Varolii. 
 
 Cor pus Cal-Io 'sum (“ Callous 
 Body” or Substance.) The white me- 
 dullary substance joining the hemi- 
 spheres of the brain; the Commissura 
 magna. 
 
 ( orpns Cavernosum. See Corpora 
 
 Cavernosa. 
 
 Cor'pns Ci-ne're-um* (“Ash-co- 
 lored Body”), or Cor'pns l>eii>ta'tum* 
 (“Dentated Body”). A small oval mass 
 of gray substance seen on a section of 
 either hemisphere of the cerebellum , 
 about an inch from the median line. On 
 its circumference are a number of in- 
 dentations. 
 
 Cor'pns Fiin-bri-a'tuin.r*( “Fringed 
 Body.”) A narrow white band along 
 the concave edge of the inferior cornu 
 of the lateral ventricle of the brain ; the 
 Tsenia hippocampi. 
 
 Cor'pns (flaii-dudosnui.^ (“ Glan- 
 dulous Body.”) A spongy eminence 
 surrounding the orifice of the female 
 urethra; sometimes called the “female 
 prostate gland” (Glan'dula pros' tata 
 mulie'bris). 
 
 Corpus Mucosnm. See Rete Mu- 
 
 cosum. 
 
 Cor' pus Pam-pin-I-for ' me.-* (“Ten- 
 dril-like Body.”) A plexus formed by 
 the spermatic veins, above the testis. 
 
 Corpus Psaloiiles.* The Fornix. 
 See Fornix. 
 
 Corpus Pyramidale. See Corpus 
 Pampiniforme. 
 
 Corpus Rcticnlarc, or Corpus Re* 
 ticulare Malpighi. Sec Rete Mu- 
 cosum. 
 
 Corpus Rfioniboidenm. See Cor- 
 pus Dentatum. 
 
 Corpus Spongiosum Penis. See 
 
 next article. 
 
 Cor'pns Spoil -gl-o 'sum F-r©'- 
 ttirav* (“Spongy Body [or Substance] 
 of the Urethra.”) A cellular, vascular, 
 dark-red, or purple substance, which 
 covers the urethra. 
 
 Cor'pns Vftr-l-co'suin.- (“Vari- 
 cose Body.”) The spermatic plexus. 
 
 Cor'pus-vle. [Corpus'culum; di- 
 minutive of cor'pns .] A small body; an 
 atom. 
 
 Cor-pus'cu-lar. [Corpuscula'ris; 
 
 from corpus' cut inn, a “corpuscle” or 
 “minute body.”] Belonging to a cor- 
 puscle, or to the doctrine of atoms. 
 
 Cor'rl-fccns.*' [The present parti- 
 
COR 
 
 COS 
 
 ciplc of cor'rigo, correc' turn, to “correct.”] 
 A constituent part of a medicinal for- 
 mula; “that which corrects its opera- 
 tion.” See Prescription. 
 
 €or«rob'o-rant. [C’orrob'orans ; 
 from corrob'oro , to “strengthen.”] 
 Strengthening, or giving strength. 
 
 €or-ro'sive. [Corrosi'vus ; from cor 
 for con, intensive, and ro'do , ro' sum, to 
 “gnaw,” to “eat away.”] Literally, 
 “eating away.” Destroying the texture 
 or substance of a body, more especially 
 of a living body. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate. See IIy- 
 DRAltGYRI CHLORIDUM CoRROSIVUM. 
 
 Cor'ru-gat-ed. [Corriiga'tus; from 
 cor lor con, “together,” or intensive, and 
 rid go, ruga' turn, to “wrinkle.”] Wrin- 
 kled. 
 
 Cor- ru-ga ' t ion . [Corruga'tio ; 
 
 from the same.] The contraction of the 
 surface of a body into wrinkles. 
 
 Cor-rw-ga'tor, o'r/s.* [From the 
 same.] Literally, a “wrinkler.” Ap- 
 plied to a muscle which contracts the 
 skin into wrinkles. 
 
 Co r r uga' to r Su-per-cil'I-i.* 
 
 (“Wrinkler of the Brow.”) The muscle 
 which knits or contracts the brow into 
 wrinkles. 
 
 Corselet, kors'let. In Entomology, 
 the Prothorax, collar, or anterior seg- 
 ment of the trunk. 
 
 Cort. = Cor'tex* “Bark.” 
 
 Cor'tex,* gen. Cor'ti-^is. [As if 
 Con' teg ; from con'tego, to “cover over.”] 
 (Fr. Ecorcc, AkoRss'.) The outermost 
 covering of the stem and branches of 
 all plants, analogous to the skin of 
 animals. 
 
 Cor'tex Cer'e-bri.* (The “Cortex, 
 or Cortical Substance, of the Brain.”) 
 The gray or cineritious substance found 
 on the exterior of the cerebrum and cere- 
 bellum, covering the whitish medullary 
 matter beneath as the bark of a tree 
 covers the alburnum. 
 
 Cor'tex Cu-li-la'wan.* The name 
 for the bark of the Laurus culilawan. 
 
 Cor'tex E-leti-tlie'ri-se. The bark 
 of the Croton cascarilla. 
 
 Cor'ti-cal. [Cortiea'lis ; from cor'- 
 tex, cor'ticis , “bark.”] Belonging to 
 bark ; of the nature of bark. Applied 
 to that which covers a part, as the cor- 
 tical portion of the brain or the kidneys. 
 
 Cor'tl-cate. [Cortica'tus ; from 
 co^'^x, “bark.”] Having bark; barked. 
 
 Cor-tl-$if'er-o«s. [Corticif 'erws; 
 from cor'tex, “bark,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing, or producing, bark. 
 
 Cor-ti^'i-form. [Corticafor'mis ; 
 
 from cor'tex, “ bark.”J Appearing like 
 bark. 
 
 Cor'tl-cose. [Cortico'sus; from 
 cor'tex, “ bark.”] Having bark, or full of 
 bark. 
 
 Corylacese,* kor-e-la'she-e. [From 
 Cor'ylm, the “hazel-tree.”] A name 
 given by Lindley to a natural order of 
 plants. See Cupuliferve. 
 
 Cbr'ymb. [Corym'bus; from sopvg, 
 the “crown of the head.”] A kind of 
 spike, the partial flower-stalks of which 
 are gradually longer, so that all the 
 flowers are nearly on a level at the top. 
 
 Coryou-bii'er-se.* [From corym' - 
 bus, a “corymb,” and fe'ro , to “bear.”] 
 A name given by Jussieu to a division 
 of the order Composite, including the 
 Aster. 
 
 Cor-ym-bif er-ous. [Cory vnbif 
 erus ; from corym'bus, a “corymb,” 
 and fe'ro , to “bear.”] Bearing corymbs. 
 
 Co-ry'za.* [Supposed to be derived 
 from Kupa, the “ head,” and to “ boil.”] 
 A limpid, ropy, mucous defluxion from 
 the nostrils. 
 
 Co-se'cant. The secant of the com- 
 plement of an arc. See Secant. 
 
 Cos-met'ic. [Cosmet'icus; from 
 Koageio, to “adorn.”] Applied to medi- 
 cines supposed to have the power of re- 
 moving freckles and blotches. Many 
 substances used as cosmetics — such as 
 lead, bismuth, and arsenic — sometimes 
 give rise to cutaneous affections, and 
 often cause a permanent deterioration 
 in the texture of the skin. 
 
 Cos-inog'o-ny. [losinogo'nia; 
 from Koopos, the “universe,” and yovft, 
 “birth,” “origin.”] That science which 
 treats of the origin of the universe. 
 
 Cos-meg- 'ra-pby. [Cosmogra'- 
 pbia; from Kvagog, the “universe,” and 
 ypt'npo, to “ write.”] A description of the 
 universe. 
 
 €os-mol'o-gy. [Cosmolo'gia; 
 
 from Koagog, the “universe,” and \6yog, a 
 “discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
 of the universe, its formation and ar- 
 rangement. 
 
 Cos'ta.* A rib. (Fr. Cote, kot.) The 
 ribs are twenty-four in number, — twelve 
 on each side. The spaces between them 
 are called intercostal spaces. The ribs 
 are divided into — 
 
 1. The true, or sterno -vertebral. The 
 first seven pairs ; so called because they 
 are united by their cartilages to the 
 sternum : these are called custo'des, or 
 preservers of the heart. 
 
 143 
 
cos 
 
 cou 
 
 2. The false , or vertebral. The re- 
 maining five pairs, which are successively 
 united to the lowest true rib and to each 
 other. 
 
 The vertebral extremity of a rib is 
 called the head; the contracted part 
 which adjoins it forms the neck ; at the 
 back of the rib is the tubercle; farther 
 outward the bone bends forward, pro- 
 ducing the angle , from which proceeds 
 the body, which passes forwards and 
 downwards to the sternal extremity. 
 
 The term costa , or rib, is applied in 
 Botany to the tapering, nerve-like sub- 
 stance extending from the base to the 
 apex of a leaf. 
 
 Cos'tal. [Costa'lis; from cos'ta, a 
 “rib.”] Belonging to a rib or ribs. 
 
 Cos'tate. [Costa'tus; from cos'ta , 
 a “rib.”] Furnished with nerves or 
 ribs. 
 
 Costiveness. See Constipation. 
 
 Cos'to-. [From cos'ta, a “rib.”] A 
 prefix in compound names, denoting 
 connection with a rib or ribs. 
 
 Cotangent. See Tangent. 
 
 Cote. See Costa. 
 
 Cotton-Plant. See Gossypium. 
 
 Cotton-Tree. See Bombax. 
 
 Cotnla. See Mayweed. 
 
 Cotunaiii Aquseductus, or Cotun- 
 n ins. Aqueduct of. See Aqueduct 
 
 OP THE VeSTIBULUM. 
 
 Co-tun 'ni-us, I^erve of. The naso- 
 palatine nerve. 
 
 Cotun'nius, Wa'ter of. A fluid 
 within the membrane lining the vesti- 
 bule and semicircular canals of the 
 internal ear. 
 
 Cot-y-le'don, o'nia.** [Gr. kotv\yi6ov* 
 from KorvXrj, a “cavity.”] In Botany, 
 the seed-lobe, or seminal leaf, of a young 
 plant, perishing as the plant grows up. 
 In dicotyledonous plants (in the bean, 
 for example) the cotyledon consists of 
 one-half of the seed, which, on germi- 
 nating, divides into two equal parts. 
 
 Cot-y-led'on-ous. [Cotyledo'neus, 
 Cotyle'donus : from cotyledon.] Be- 
 longing to cotyledons; having cotyle- 
 dons. 
 
 Cot'y-loid. [Cotyloi'des ; from 
 ifwrtJX’/, a “small drinking-cup.”] Re- 
 sembling an ancient drinking-cup. 
 
 Cotyloid Cav'i-ty. The same as 
 Acetabulum, which see. 
 
 Coil, koo. A French word signifying 
 “neck.” See Collum. 
 
 Couche, koosh. [From coucher, to 
 “lie down,” to “go to bed;” also, to 
 “put to bed.”] A French term signify - 
 141 
 
 ing “child -bed,” “confinement,” or 
 “delivery:” e.g. line couche heureuse, iin 
 koosh uh'ruz', “ a happy delivery.” 
 
 CoucBi'ing. (Fr. Coucher, to “put 
 to bed,” to “cause to lie down;” because 
 the lens is pushed down from its upright 
 position.) The operation of putting 
 down or displacing the opaque lens in 
 cataract. 
 
 Coucli'iiig-Nee'dle. The instru- 
 ment used in couching. 
 
 Cough, kof, or kawf. [Lat. Tus'sis ; 
 Fr. Toux , too.] A sonorous and violent 
 expulsion of air from the lungs. 
 
 Couleur, koo'lUR'. The French word 
 for Color, which see. 
 
 Coumarin, or Coumarine, koo'- 
 ma-rin. The odoriferous principle of 
 the Tonka bean, the produce of the 
 Coumarou'na odora'ta. 
 
 Counter-Extension. See Contra- 
 Extensio. 
 
 Counter-Fissure. See Contra- 
 Fissura. 
 
 Counter-Indication. See Contra- 
 Indicatio. 
 
 Coun'ter-Ir-ri-ta'tion. [Con'tra- 
 
 Irrita'tio.] The application of a blister 
 or other irritating substance to one part 
 for the purpose of relieving pain in an- 
 other part, usually beneath or adjacent 
 to the irritated surface. 
 
 Counter-Opening. See Contra- 
 Apertura. 
 
 Counter -Stroke. See Contre- 
 
 Coup. 
 
 Coup de Sang, koo deh son<>. Blood- 
 stroke. A term used by some French 
 physicians to designate an instantaneous 
 and universal congestion without any 
 escape of blood from the vessels. (See 
 Apoplexy.) Some authors have applied 
 this name to haemorrhages occurring in 
 different parts of the body. 
 
 Coup de Soleil (Fr.), koo deh so'lel 
 (or so'l&I'). A stroke of the sun ; gene- 
 rally, any affection produced by a scorch- 
 ing sun. 
 
 Coup de Vent (Fr.), koo deh von°. 
 A stroke of the wind ; an affection caused 
 by exposure to a keen wind, extremely 
 cold, or with rain or sleet. 
 
 Couperos£ (Fr.), koop'roVA'. (“Cop- 
 per-colored.”) A term applied to the 
 Acne rosacea (or carbunclcd face); so 
 named from the redness of the spots. 
 
 Courap, koo'rUp'. A form of im- 
 petigo peculiar to India, described by 
 Sauvages under the term Scabies In - 
 dica. 
 
 Courounc, koo'ronn'. The French 
 
cou 
 
 CUE 
 
 word for “crown.” See Corona, and 
 Crown. 
 
 Cours'es. A popular English term 
 for the menses , or catamenia . 
 
 C©uvrechef ( Fr. ), koov’R'shef'. (Lite- 
 rally, “ head-cover.”) A name given to 
 «ertain forms of bandage applied to the 
 head. 
 
 Cow'hfige, Cow'-Itch. The down 
 covering the pods of the DoVichos pru'- 
 riens, now called Mucu'na pru'riens. See 
 Mucuna. 
 
 €ow'-Pox. [Vacci'nia.] Pustules 
 of a peculiar character on the teats of 
 the cow, from which the vaccine fluid 
 derives its origin. 
 
 lowper’s Cilamls. See Antipros- 
 tatas Glandule. 
 
 Cox'a,* plural C©x'se. (Fr. Hanche, 
 hoNsh.) The hip, haunch, or hip-joint; 
 also, the Ischium and Coccyx. Applied 
 in Zoology to the first articulation of 
 the feet of the Crustacea , Arachnides , 
 and Insecta. 
 
 C©x-a?-lu'vi-um.* [From cox' a, the 
 “hip,” and la'vo , or lu'o, to “wash.”] A 
 bath for the lower portion of the body ; 
 a hip-bath. 
 
 Cox-algl-a.* [From cox' a, the “ hip,” 
 and uAyoj, “pain.”] Pain in the hip- 
 joint; hip-joint disease, or J lor' bus cox- 
 a'rius. 
 
 _ Cox-a'ri-us.* [From cox' a, the 
 “hip.”] Belonging to the hip-joint. 
 
 C©x-a'rum,* the genitive plural of 
 Coxa, which see. 
 
 Coxa'rum Mor'bus.* (“Disease of 
 the Hips.”) A caries of the head of the 
 os femoris, causing a permanent short- 
 ening of the limb, and often accompanied 
 with spontaneous luxation of the bone. 
 
 C©x'©-. A prefix denoting connec- 
 tion with the Ischium. 
 
 Crab’s Claws and Crab's Stones. 
 See Cancrorum Lapilli et Chelae. 
 
 Crab-Louse. See Pediculus Pubis. 
 
 Crack Widow. See Salix Fragi- 
 Lis. 
 
 Cra'dle. [Ar'cnlns.] A kind of 
 frame for keeping the bedclothes off a 
 wounded or fractured limb. 
 
 Cramp. [Low Latin Cram'pus; Ger. 
 Krampf, .] Spasmodic and involuntary 
 contraction of muscles. See Spasmus. 
 
 Cra/ni-al. [Crania'lis.] Belong- 
 ing to the cranium. 
 
 Cra-ni-og'ra-phy. [Craniogra'- 
 pbia; from cra'nium, and ypacpu, to 
 “write.”] A description of the skull. 
 
 Cra-ni-ol'o-gy. [Craniolo'g-ia ; 
 from cra'nium , and Aoyoj, a “ discourse.”] 
 13 * 
 
 The science which treats of skulls in 
 regard to their variety of shape, size, 
 proportions, etc. 
 
 Cra-ni-om'e-ter. [Craniom'e- 
 
 truin ; from cra'nium , and perpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring the cranium. 
 
 Cra-m-©t'o-my. [Cranioto'mia ; 
 from cra'nium , and rcpvo), to “cut.”] The 
 opening of the foetal head, where neces- 
 sary, to effect delivery. 
 
 Cra'nl-um.* [Gr. xpaviov • from xapa, 
 or Kapnvov, the “head.”] The skull, or 
 upper part of the head, containing the 
 brain and its connections, and consisting 
 of eight bones. 
 
 Craquciiient Ptilmonaire (Fr.), 
 krdk'moNG' piirino'neR'. A crackling 
 sound often heard at the top of the 
 lungs in the early stage of phthisis. 
 
 Cras. = Cras'tinunif* or Cras'tinus .* 
 “For to-morrow.” 
 
 Cras-sa-men'tiim.* [From eras' sus, 
 “thick.”] The soft, almost solid, mass, 
 of a deep brownish red, formed by ve- 
 nous blood soon after it has been ex- 
 tracted. 
 
 Crassulacese,*kras-su-la'she-e [from 
 Cras'sula , one of the genera], or Sem- 
 per-vi'vae.* A natural order of plants, 
 growing in hot and dry situations, re- 
 markable for the succulent nature of 
 their stems and leaves. The Sedum ma- 
 ju8 f or Semper vivum (“Live-forever”), 
 is a good example of this order. 
 
 Cra'ter, e'ris .* [Gr. Kparrip, a “ bowl.”] 
 Literally, a “cup” or “bowl;” usually 
 applied to the mouth of a volcano. 
 
 Cra-teB*'I-form. [Craterifor'mis ; 
 from the same.] Formed like a bowl. 
 
 Craw. The crop of a bird. See Crop. 
 
 Craw'-Fisk, or Cray '-Fisk. The 
 Cancer astacus , or C. fiuviatilis. 
 
 Cream ©f Lime. A mixture of 
 lime and water used for purifying coal 
 gas, by its property of absorbing or 
 combining with the contaminating gases. 
 
 Cream ©f Tar 'tar. [Cre'morTar'- 
 tari.] Bitartrate, or supertartrate, of 
 potash. See Potass^e Bitartras. 
 
 Cre'a-s©te, or Kre'a-s®te. [Crea- 
 s©'tum; from Kpeag, “flesh,” and <xco$o j, 
 to “preserve.”] A colorless, brilliantly 
 transparent liquid, obtained from crude 
 pyroligneous acid, and from wood tar. 
 It is irritant, narcotic, styptic, power- 
 fully antiseptic, and somewhat escharo- 
 tic. Its use internally has been recom- 
 mended in cholera, sea-sickness, and 
 other affections of the stomach and 
 bowels. In large doses, it is a danger* 
 145 
 
cre 
 
 CRI 
 
 ous poison. It has been employed ex- 
 ternally with great advantage in some 
 cutaneous affections, and especially in 
 malignant ulcers. The editor of this 
 work has used it with the happiest effects 
 in indolent and malignant ulcers result- 
 ing from chilblain, after all the other 
 remedies usually recommended in such 
 cases had failed. 
 
 Cre'asote Wa'ter. [A'qua Crea- 
 so'ti.] Take of creasote a fluidrachm ; 
 distilled water a pint. Mix them, and 
 agitate the mixture till the creasote is 
 dissolved. (U.S. Ph., 1860.) 
 
 Cre'a-tin, or Ure'a-tme. [Creati'- 
 na; from xpia j, Kpsaro “ flesh.”] A nitro- 
 genized crystallizable substance. A neu- 
 tral body obtained from a fluid produced 
 by mixing chopped animal muscle with 
 an equal bulk of water, and subjecting 
 this, in a bag, to strong pressure. It 
 does not combine with either acids or 
 alkalies. Also spelled Kreatin. 
 
 Cre-at'i-nin, or Cre-at'I-mine. 
 [Creatini'na.] An alkaline base into 
 which Creatin is changed by heating 
 with hydrochloric or other acids. Also 
 spelled Kreatinin. 
 
 Creep'ing* Sicb'ness. (Ger. Krie- 
 belkrankheit, kre'bel-kr&nk'hlt.) The 
 name by which the gangrenous form of 
 Ergotism is known in Germany. See 
 Ergotism. 
 
 €re-ma$'ter.* [From tcpe/iao, to “ sus- 
 pend/’] A muscle which supports and 
 compresses the testicle and spermatic 
 vessels. See Spermatic Cord. 
 
 Cre'mor, o'ris.* [From Kpipirov, the 
 “ thick juice of barley.”] Cream; any 
 substance skimmed from the surface of 
 a fluid; also, a thick decoction of barley. 
 
 Cre'nate. [Crena'tns: from cre'na, 
 a “notch.”] Notched; scolloped. 
 
 Cren'n-lat-ed. [Crenula'tus ; from 
 cren'ula, a “little notch.”] Having 
 small notches. 
 
 Crcp'X-tant. [Crep'itans. See next 
 article.] Crackling, or rattling. 
 
 €rep-i-ta'tiou. [Crepita'tio, o 'nis; 
 from crep'ito , crepita' turn, to “crackle.”] 
 The sound caused by pressing any por- 
 tion of cellular tissue, in which air is 
 collected, between the fingers. Also, the 
 noise produced by the act of grating the 
 ends of a fractured bone together. See 
 Crepitus. 
 
 Crep'I-tus.* [From cre'pn, crep'itnm , 
 to “ make a noise.”] The discharge of 
 gas or flatus from the bowels. The 
 crackling noise occasioned by pressing a 
 part when air is collected in the cellular 
 146 
 
 tissue. The grating sensation produced 
 by the ends of a fractured bone being 
 rubbed against each other. 
 
 Crescentiacese,* kres-sen-she-a'- 
 she-e or kres-sen-te-a'she-e, or Cres- 
 ^en-tin'e-se.* A natural order of ex- 
 ogenous trees, natives of the tropical 
 regions of Asia, Africa, and America. 
 The chief plant of this order is the Cala- 
 bash-tree, Crescen'tia (kres-sen'she-a) 
 cvje'te , producing an esculent fruit in a 
 shell which is used as a bottle. 
 
 Crest. [Cris'ta.] Applied to several 
 objects which surmount others. 
 
 €rest'ed. [Crista' tws.] Having a 
 crest. 
 
 Cre'ta.* [From Cre'ta, the island of 
 Crete.] (Fr. Craie, kR&.) Chalk. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. and U.S. Ph.) 
 for native friable carbonate of lime. 
 
 Cre'ta Prsep-a-ra'ta.* (“ Prepared 
 Chalk.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Br. Ph.) for chalk finely pulverized by 
 levigation. 
 
 Cre-ta'ceous. [Creta'ceus; from 
 cre'ta , “chalk.”] Of the nature of 
 chalk ; chalky. 
 
 Cre'ti-nism. [Cretinis'nms; ety- 
 mology uncertain.] An endemic disease 
 common in Switzerland and other moun- 
 tainous countries, characterized by yoitre, 
 stinted growth, swelled abdomen, wrin- 
 kled skin, wan complexion, vacant and 
 stupid countenance, misshapen cranium, 
 idiocy, and comparative insensibility. 
 
 Cri-bra'tion. [Cribra'tio, o 'nis; 
 from cri'bro , cribra'tum , to “sift” (from 
 crib' rum, a “sieve”).] The act or pro- 
 cess of sifting, or passing through a 
 sieve. 
 
 Crib'ri-form. [Crfibrifor'mis; 
 
 from crib' rum, a “sieve.”] Perforated 
 like a sieve. 
 
 Cri co-. A prefix denoting attach- 
 ment to the cricoid cartilage. 
 
 Cri'coid. [Criooi'des and Crieoi'- 
 dcus; from KpUo a “ring,” and cico$, a 
 “form.”] Resembling a ring. 
 
 Cri'coid (ar'tMago. [fartila'go 
 Cricoi'dcs.] The name given to one 
 of the cartilages of the larynx. 
 
 Criminal Abortion. Sec Fieticide. 
 
 Cri'nate. [Crina'tus ; from cri' nis.'] 
 Having hair. 
 
 Cri'nis.* [From Kptvio, to “distin- 
 guish”?] The hair of the head, espe- 
 cially of the back part. Sec Capillus. 
 
 Cri'noid. [Crinol'des; from xpi- 
 vov , a “lily,” and c?6os, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a lily. 
 
 Crinoncs. Sec Mali? Gordii. 
 
CRI 
 
 CRU 
 
 Cri'sis.* [Gr. spiaig; from tcpi i>o>, to 
 “distinguish,” to “judge,” to “decide.”] 
 Literally, a “judgment,” “decision,” or 
 “determination.” In the course of a 
 disease, that point or period which de- 
 termines its favorable or unfavorable 
 termination, or, in common language, its 
 “turning-point.” 
 
 €ris-pa'tus, i: Cris'pus.* [From 
 cris’po, crisp a' turn, to “curl.”] Curled; 
 crisp. 
 
 Cris'ta.* A crest. Applied in Anato- 
 my to parts or processes of bones re- 
 sembling a crest. In Botany it denotes 
 a peculiar organ of the Gramiuese. Ap- 
 plied in Surgery to an excrescence about 
 the anus and pudenda . 
 
 Gris'ta Gal'li.* (“Cock’s Crest.”) 
 The peculiar process on the ethmoid 
 bone to which the falx cerebri is at- 
 tached. 
 
 Cris'tate. [Crista' tus ; from cris'ta.] 
 Having a crest; crested. 
 
 Crit'i-cal. [Crit'icus; from cri'sis, 
 “decision” or “determination.”] De- 
 termining the issue of a disease. Also 
 applied to periods of life as decisive of 
 certain changes of constitution, habits, 
 etc. See Crisis. 
 
 Crit'ical Age. [AE'tas Crit/ica.] 
 
 That period of female life when the 
 catamenia become irregular, and ulti- 
 mately cease. It is often attended with 
 serious constitutional disturbance, and 
 is sometimes the commencement of fatal 
 diseases. See Change of Life. 
 
 Groc-o-dil'I-dav* [From K(OKo6si\og , 
 the “crocodile.”] A family of Saurian 
 reptiles, having the crocodile for their 
 type. 
 
 Cro'cus.* [Gr. Kpoxo; , “saffron.”] A 
 Linnaean genus of the class Triandria, 
 natural order Iridacese or Iridese. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || for the prepared 
 stigmas of the Crocus sativns. 
 
 Gro'cus Sa-ti'vus.* The systematic 
 name of the saffron-plant; also called 
 Crocus officinalis. 
 
 Crop. [laiglu'vies.] An enlarge- 
 ment of the oesophagus in birds ; the craw. 
 
 Cross Hirth. [Parody n'ia Per- 
 rer'sa.] In popular language, preter- 
 natural labor of any kind. 
 
 Crot'a-lus.* [From Kpora\ov, a “rat- 
 tle.”] The rattlesnake; a genus of poi- 
 sonous snakes found in North America. 
 
 Crot'a-phe,* or Cro-ta'plai-aaaaa.* 
 [From tcporiKpo;, the “temple of the head.”] 
 A painful pulsation or throbbing in the 
 temple, accompanied with drumming in 
 the ears. 
 
 Grot'chet. (Fr. Crochet, kro'shi', a 
 “hook.”) A curved instrument for ex- 
 tracting the foetus. 
 
 Cro'ton, o'n/«.* [Gr. Kporov, the “dog* 
 tick,” which the seeds of some plants of 
 this genus are fancied to resemble.] A 
 Linnman genus of the class Monoecia , 
 natural order Eujjhorbiacese. 
 
 Cro'ton Cascaril'la,* or Cro'ton 
 Eleuthe'ria* (or Eleute'ria*). The 
 plant believed to afford Cascarilla bark. 
 
 Cro'ton Tig'lium.* The plant from 
 the seeds of wdiich croton oil is obtained. 
 It is a small tree or shrub, growing 
 native in Hindostan and the East India 
 islands. See Oleum Tiglii. 
 
 Cro'ton-ate. [Croto'nas, a '//#.] 
 A combination of crotonic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Cro-to'ne.* [Gr. KpoTwvr ) ; from sporcov, 
 a “kind of tick.”] Originally, a fungous 
 excrescence on trees, caused by an insect 
 (spoTur). Now usually applied to small 
 fungous excrescences on the periosteum. 
 
 Cro-ton'ie A$'id. An acid obtained 
 from the acrid matter of crot< n oil. 
 
 Groton Oil. See Oleum Tiglii. 
 
 Grotoplaus. See Crotaphe. 
 
 Group, kroop. [Gy nan 'cite Tra- 
 clica'lis.] A disease marked by labori- 
 ous and suffocative breathing, with a 
 stridulous noise, short, dry cough, and 
 expectoration of a concrete membranous 
 sputum. 
 
 Gru'elal. [Grucia'lis ; from crux, 
 a “cross.”] Belonging to a cross. 
 
 Gru'eial In-ciis'ittn. Two incisions 
 made to cross each other. 
 
 Gru'ci-ble. [Crncih'ulum ; from 
 cm' do, to “torture.”] A vessel made 
 of baked earth, or metal, used as a re- 
 ceptacle for substances to be fused or 
 exposed to a great heat. 
 
 Cru-cif'er-se.* [From crux, cru'cis, 
 a “cross,” and fe'ro, to “bear.” See 
 next article.] A natural order of Ex- 
 ogens : they are said to possess univer- 
 sally antiscorbutic and stimulant proper- 
 ties, and their seeds abound in a fixed oil. 
 Mustard may be taken as a representa- 
 tive of this order. 
 
 Gru-caf 'er-«s.* [From crux, cru'cis, 
 a “cross,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Cru- 
 eif'erous. Literally, “bearing a cross.” 
 Applied to plants whose flowers are in 
 the form of a cross. See Crucifers. 
 
 Gru'cl-foran. [Grucilbr'mis ; from 
 crux, cru'cis , a “cross.”] Like a cross. 
 
 Gru'di-ty. [Gru'ditas, a 'tis ; from 
 cru'dus, “raw.”] Bad digestion; raw- 
 ness. 
 
 147 
 
C'RU 
 
 CRY 
 
 Cm 'els. (Fi. Ecrouelles, i'kroo’elF, 
 “scrofula.") Popularly, scrofulous swell- 
 ings of the glands of the neck. 
 
 Cm 'or, o'r is.* The red or purplish 
 colored portion of the blood. 
 
 Cru'ra,* gen. Cru'ruEn, the plural 
 of Crus, which see. 
 
 Cru'ra Cer-e-bel'li.* (The “Legs 
 or Limbs of the Cerebellum.") Two 
 white cords, extending one along the 
 circumference of each hemisphere of the 
 cerebellum. 
 
 Cru'ra Cer'e-bri.* (The “Legs or 
 Limbs of the Cerebrum.") Two thick 
 white fasciculi , one from the inferior 
 surface of each hemisphere of the cere- 
 brum. 
 
 Cru'ra Di-a*phra« / ina-tis.* (“Legs 
 of the Diaphragm.") Two appendices 
 situated behind and below the central 
 tendon of the diaphragm. 
 
 Cru-rae'us.* [From crus , cru'ris, a 
 “leg."] Belonging to the leg. The 
 name of a muscle of the leg. 
 
 Crural. [Cratra'Iis; from crus , 
 cru'ris, a “leg."] Belonging to the 
 leg: applied also to the cruraeus muscle. 
 
 Cru'ral Arcb. Otherwise called 
 Fallopius’ or Poupart’s ligament. See 
 Poupart’s Ligament. 
 
 Crural Hernia. See Hernia Cru- 
 RALIS. 
 
 Crus,* gen. Cru'ris, plural Cru'ra. 
 
 [From spovco , to “kick."] (Fr. Jambe , 
 zlioMb, and Cnisse, kw6ss.) The leg. Ap- 
 plied to symmetrical projections or ap- 
 pendages, as the Crus of either hemi- 
 sphere; in other words, the Crura of the 
 cerebrum. 
 
 Crfis'ta.* (Literally, a “crust.") The 
 external cover or shell in the Molluscs, 
 Crustacea, and in certain insects. Also, 
 a scab. 
 
 Crustacea, krus-ta'she-a, or Crusta- 
 ceans, krus-tii'shunz. See next article. 
 
 Crustaceus,* krus-ta'she-us. [From 
 crus'ta, a “crust."] Crusta'ceous. Having 
 a hard shell. Applied in the plural neuter 
 ( Crusta'cea ) to a class of Articulata in 
 which the envelop, or crust, is usually 
 solid and more or less calcareous. 
 
 Cry-op li'o-rus.* [From xpvog, “cold," 
 and to “ bear," to “ produce."] Lite- 
 rally, “cokl-producing." An instrument 
 in which water is made to freeze by the 
 cold produced by its own evaporation. 
 
 plural Cryp'ta?. [From 
 Kpvirrci), to “hide."] Small round points 
 at the end of the minute arteries of the 
 cortical substance of the kidneys : also, 
 a follicle, or follicular gland. 
 
 148 
 
 Cryp-4o-septi'a-lus.* [From Kp'rn- 
 rog, “ concealed," “ obscure," and K£'pa\ri, 
 a “head."] A monster-foetus, in which 
 the head is very small and does not 
 project from the trunk. 
 
 Cryp-to-ga'ini-a.* [See next article.] 
 The twenty-fourth class of plants in the 
 system of Linnaeus. It comprises all 
 flowerless plants. (See Cryptogamius.) 
 All other plants are included under a 
 second grand division, called Phanero- 
 gamia. 
 
 Cryp-to-ga'mi-ns.* [From xpimrog, 
 “hidden," or “obscure" (from Kpv-wno, 
 to “hide"), and yapog, “nuptials."] 
 Literally, denoting plants “whose mar- 
 riage is obscure or doubtful." Applied 
 by Linnaeus to a class whose parts of 
 fructification have not been sufficiently 
 ascertained to refer them to any class 
 according to the sexual system. 
 
 ( ' ryp-tor ' c Ii is.* [From Kpmrrog, 
 
 “concealed," and oy\ig, a “testicle."] 
 One whose testicles have not descended 
 into the scrotum. 
 
 Cryp'tous. [Cryp'tus ; from Kpvnrcj, 
 to “hide."] Hidden, or concealed. 
 
 Crystal. [Lat. Crystal' lum, or 
 Crystal'Ius: Or. KpvoraWog, “ice;" pro- 
 perly, “clear ice."] A hard, bright, 
 transparent substance, like ice or the 
 clearest glass. The geometrical figures 
 assumed by crystallizable bodies when 
 they pass from a fluid to a solid state. 
 
 Crys'tal-Iin, or Crys'tal-Iine. 
 [Crystalli'na; from crystal' lum, “ crys- 
 tal."] A peculiar substance forming the 
 basis of the crystalline lens of the eye. 
 Also, one of the products of the distil- 
 lation of indigo. 
 
 Crys'tal-Iine. [Crystalli'nns ; from 
 the same.] Belonging to crystal; like 
 crystal. 
 
 Crystalline Lens. A transparent, 
 double convex lens situated in the fore 
 part of the vitreous humor of the eye. 
 It was formerly often called the crystal- 
 line humor of the eye. 
 
 Crys-tal-H-za'tion. [Crystalli- 
 za'tio, o'nis ; from crystal'lum, “crys- 
 tal."] A property by which crvstalliza- 
 ble substances pass from a fluid to a 
 solid state, assuming certain determinate 
 geometrical figures. 
 
 Crystallixa'tion, Wa'ter of. That 
 portion of water which combines with 
 sails in the act of crystallizing, and 
 which cannot be removed without de- 
 stroying their crystalline structure. 
 
 Crys-tal-Ios’'**a-pli$' r . [Crystal- 
 lo^m'pliia; from crystal’lum , a “cry v 
 
CRY 
 
 CUM 
 
 tal,” and ypcubw, to “ write.”] A descrip- 
 tion of crystals. 
 
 Crys'tal-loid. [Crystalloi'des ; 
 
 from crystal' lum, a “ crystal,” and eidog, 
 a “form.”] Resembling crystal. 
 
 Ctenoid, te'noid. [Ctenoi'des ; from 
 i era?, Krerog, a “comb,” and eidog, a “ form.”] 
 Resembling a comb. Applied to an order 
 of fishes with dentated scales. 
 
 Cu (Fr.), kii. See Alula. 
 
 Cube. [Lat. Cu'bus; Gr. kv6o$.] A 
 solid bounded by six equal squares at 
 right angles with each other. 
 
 Cu-be'ba.* [From the Arabic Cuba'- 
 bah.] Cubeb, or Cubebs. The Pharma- 
 copoeia! name for the berries of the Piper 
 cubeba. 
 
 Cu-be'bae* (“ Cubebs”), the plural of 
 Cubeba, which see. 
 
 Cu-be'bin. [Cubebi'na; from Cu- 
 be'ba.] A crystalline substance obtained 
 from cubebs. 
 
 Cu'bebs. In the plural, the English 
 term for the berries of the Piper cubeba. 
 See Cubeba. 
 
 Cu-bl-for'mfs.* [From cu'bus.'] 
 Having the form of a cube : cu'biform. 
 
 Cu-bl-tae'us.* Pertaining to the 
 Cubit, or fore-arm. 
 
 Cu'bi-tal. [Cubita'lis; from cu r - 
 bitus.] Belonging to the fore-arm. 
 
 Cu'bi-tus.* [From cn’bo, to “lie 
 down.”] (Fr. Conde , kood.) The fore- 
 arm, extending between the elbow and 
 wrist; also, the ulna, or Os cubiti. 
 
 C u boid. [Cuboi'des; from xvSog, a 
 “cube,” and eidog, a “form.”] Like a 
 cube. 
 
 Cuc'koo-Flow'er. The Cardamine 
 pratensis. 
 
 Cu-cul-la'ris.* [From cucul'lus , a 
 “hood.”] Like a hood. 
 
 Cu'cul-late. [Cuculla'tus; from 
 cucul'lus, a “hood.”] Hooded. 
 
 Cu'cum-ber. The fruit of different 
 species of Cucumis. 
 
 Cu cumber, Bit'ter, The fruit of 
 the Citrullus colocynthis. See Colo- 
 CYNTHIS. 
 
 Cu cumber, Squirt ing, Cu cum- 
 ber, Wild. The Momordica elaterinm. 
 
 Cu'cu-mer,* Cu'cu-mis.* A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Monoecia , natu- 
 ral order Cucurbitacese. 
 
 Cu cumis A-gres'tis,* Cu'cumis 
 As-i-iii'nus. :i: The Momordica elate- 
 rium. 
 
 Cu'cumis Col-o-^y n ' t b is.-" The 
 
 former name of the plant which yields 
 colocynth : now called Citrullus colo- 
 tynthis. 
 
 Cucurb. cruent. = Cucurbitula 
 Cruenta, which see. 
 
 Cu-cur'bi-ta.* [From cur'vo , to 
 “curve,” or “bend.”] Literally, a “gourd.” 
 A distilling vessel shaped like a gourd : 
 a cu'curbit. Also, a cupping-glass. See 
 Cucurbitula. 
 
 Cucurbitacese,* ku-kur-be-ta'she-e. 
 [From cucur'bita, a “gourd.”] A natu- 
 ral order, comprising the melon, cucum- 
 ber, gourd, and other valuable plants. 
 They are most abundant in hot and 
 tropical climates. The fruits of many 
 species of cucumis are powerfully ca- 
 thartic. The colocynth is one of the 
 most valuable medicines derived from 
 this order. 
 
 Cu-cur-bl-ta'ceous. [Cucurbita'- 
 ceus ; from cucur'bita , a “gourd.”] 
 Having an arrangement as in the Cucur- 
 bita. See Cucurbitacese. 
 
 Cu-cur-bit'u-la.* [Diminutive of 
 cucur'bita, a “gourd.”] A cupping- 
 glass. (Fr. Ventouse, voN G 'tooz\) 
 
 Cucurbit'ulaCru-enta* (a “Bloody 
 Cupping-Glass,” or one intended to 
 draw blood), Cucurbit ula cum Fer'- 
 ro* (“Cupping-Glass [armed] with 
 Iron”). A cupping-glass, with scarifica- 
 tion. Names applied to the common 
 cupping-glasses used for drawing blood, 
 as distinguished from those employed 
 in dry cupping. 
 
 Cucurbit'ula Sic'ca.* (A “Dry 
 Cupping-Glass.”) One used for dry 
 cupping without scarification. 
 
 Cuisse (Fr.), kw&ss. See Femur. 
 
 Cuivre (Fr.), kwevR. See Cuprum. 
 
 Cuj. = Cu'jus* “ Of which.” 
 
 Cujusl. = Cujus’ libetS' “Of any,” or 
 “of which you please.” 
 
 Cul-de-Sac (Fr.), kUl deh s&k. A tube 
 or cavity closed at one end. 
 
 Culm. [Cul'mus; from Kahayog, a 
 “reed.”] A reed, or straw; the proper 
 stem or trunk of grasses, rushes, etc. 
 
 Cul-maf ' er-ous. [Culmif 'crus ; 
 from cul'mus, “straw,” a “culm,” and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or having 
 culms. 
 
 Cul'mi-oat-mg, [Cul'minans ; 
 
 from cul'mino, to “arrive at the top, or 
 highest point.”] Applied particularly to 
 stars when at their highest point in the 
 heavens. 
 
 Cul-tri-for'mis.* [From cul'ter , a 
 “knife.”] Formed like a knife: cul'- 
 triform. 
 
 Cu-mi'num.* [Gr. Kvfxtvov.] A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Pentandria , na- 
 tural order Umbelli/erse . 
 
 149 
 
CUM 
 
 CUS 
 
 Cnmi'nnm The 
 
 plant Cumin , or Fcenic'ulum Orienta'le. 
 
 •Cu'ne-al. [Ctmea'lis ; from cu'neus, 
 a "wedge.”] Belonging to a wedge. 
 
 Cu'ne-ate. [Cunea'tus ; from cu'- 
 neus, a “wedge.”] Wedge-shaped. 
 
 Cu'ne- i-form. [Cuneifior'mis ; 
 from the same, and for'ma, “likeness.”] 
 Formed like a wedge. 
 
 Cuuoaiiaceae,* ku-no-ne-a'she-e. 
 [From Cuno'nia, one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, found in India, South America, etc. 
 
 Cu'pel. [From cupel' la, a “cup.”] A 
 small vessel in which gold and silver are 
 refined by melting them with lead. 
 
 Cu-pel-la'tion. [Cupella'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] The process of refining 
 gold and silver by melting them in a 
 cupel with lead. 
 
 Cu'po-la. The dome-like extremity 
 of the canal of the cochlea. See Cochlea. 
 
 Cup'ped. Applied to the hollowed 
 surface of the Crassamentum of blood 
 caused by inflammation. 
 
 Cup'pingr* Application of Cucur- 
 bitulse , or cupping-glasses. 
 
 Clipping Olass. See Cucurbitula. 
 
 Cu-prif 'er-ons. [Cuprif 'erus ; 
 
 from cu'prum , “copper,” and fe’ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing or containing copper. 
 
 Cu'prum,* gen. Cu'pri. [From 
 Kvjpo;, the island of Cyprus, where the 
 ancients procured the best copper.] 
 (Fr. Cuivre , kw&vR.) Copper, a red metal, 
 malleable and ductile. Specific gravity 8.6. 
 
 Cu'pri Ace'tas.* Acetate of copper, 
 improperly called distilled or crystal- 
 lized verdigris. 
 
 Cu'pri Subace'tas.* (“Subacetate 
 of Copper.”) Verdigris. The aerugo of 
 the London Pharmacopoeia. It is some- 
 times used as an application to malig- 
 nant ulcers, and as an escharotic for 
 venereal warts. 
 
 Cu'pri Sul'phas.* The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name || of sulphate of copper, or 
 blue vitriol. Its use in small doses has 
 been recommended in diarrhoea : but it 
 is chiefly employed as an external ap- 
 plication for ill-conditioned ulcers, and 
 as a styptic for bleeding surfaces. 
 
 Cu'pu-la.* (Literally, a “cup.”) Ap- 
 plied in Botany to the cup or husk of 
 certain plants, — e.g. the cup of an acorn, 
 or husk of the hazel-nut. Also called a 
 cu'pule. 
 
 Cu-pu-lif'er-ae.* [See next article.] 
 A natural order of arborescent or shrubby 
 Exogens, producing fruit enclosed in a 
 cup or husk. It comprises the oak, 
 150 
 
 beech, chestnut, hazel, etc. They abound 
 in all, or nearly all, temperate climates. 
 An astringent principle pervades all the 
 order. This order is called Corylacese 
 by Lindley. 
 
 Cu-pu-liff'er-us.* [From cu'pula, 
 and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing cupulas: 
 cupulif'erous. 
 
 Cu-ra're Poi'son. A most deadly 
 poison, obtained, it is said, from a plant 
 belonging to the family Strychnise. The 
 South American Indians use it to poison 
 their arrows. 
 
 C at ratio, ku -ra'she-o. [From cu'ro , 
 cura'tum, to “take care” of, to “cure.”] 
 The treatment of a disease, or wound. 
 
 Cair-cu'ma.* A Linnsean genus of 
 the class Monandria , natural order Zin- 
 giberaceae. The root is a stimulant aro- 
 matic, somewhat resembling ginger. It 
 is much used in India as a condiment, 
 and is one of the ingredients in curry. 
 Also the Pharmacopoeia! name for the 
 rhizoma of the Curcu'ma Ion' ga. 
 
 Cur-CM'msj, I^oai'ga.* The turmeric- 
 plant. 
 
 Curcu'ma Pa'per. Paper stained 
 with a decoction of Turmeric, which see. 
 
 Cur-cu'miai. [From Curcu'ma lon'ga , 
 the “turmeric-plant.”] The coloring 
 matter of turmeric obtained in a state of 
 purity by separating it from its combi- 
 nation with oxide of lead. 
 
 Curd. The coagulum which sepa- 
 rates from milk upon the addition of 
 acid, rennet, or wine. 
 
 Cur'sor,* plural i’ur-so'res. [From 
 cur'ro, cur' sum, to “run.”] Applied to a 
 family of birds which run along the 
 ground. 
 
 C ur-s© ' r l- us.* [From the same.] 
 Applied in the plural neuter (Curso' ria) 
 to a family of orthopterous insects with 
 legs solely adapted for running. 
 
 Cuscutaceae,* kus-ku-ta'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous parasitical 
 plants, consisting of one genus, Cuscu'ta. 
 It includes the common Dodder. 
 
 Cus-pa'ri-a.* A Linnman genus of 
 the class Pentandria , natural order Dios - 
 mess. Also the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Brit. Ph.) of the bark of Galipea cus- 
 paria, or G. ojjicinalis. See Galipea. 
 
 Cuspa'ria Fe-brif'n-ga.* The tree 
 supposed by some to yield Angustura 
 bark, now called Bonplandia trifoliata ; 
 some refer it to the Galipea cusparia, or 
 G. ojjicinalis. 
 
 C’aas-pi-da'tais.* [From cus'pis, cus'- 
 pidis , a “point.”] Cus'pidato. Having 
 a pointed extremity. Applied in the 
 
CUT 
 
 CYC 
 
 plural masculine ( Cuspida'ti ) to certain 
 teeth (see Dentes Cuspidati). 
 
 €u-ta'ne>ous. [€uta'neus; from 
 cu'tis, the “ skin/’] Belonging to the skin. 
 
 dita'neous Ab-sorp'tion. A func- 
 tion of the skin by which certain prepa- 
 rations rubbed into the skin have the 
 same action as when given internally, 
 only in a less degree. Thus, mercury, 
 applied in this manner, cures syphilis 
 and excites salivation, tartrate of anti- 
 mony is said to occasion vomiting, and 
 arsenic produces poisonous effects. 
 
 Cu-ta'ne-us Mus'cu-lus. i: The Pla - 
 tysma-myodes , a muscle of the neck hav- 
 ing the appearance of a very thin fleshy 
 membrane. 
 
 C’u'ti-cle. [Cutic'ula: diminutive 
 of cu’tis , the “skin.”] The Epidermis, 
 or scarf-skin. 
 
 Cu'tis.** [From eicvrig or asiiTog, a 
 “skin” or “hide.”] The skin consisting 
 of the Cutis vera , Rete mucosum, and Cu- 
 ticula. 
 
 Cu'tis An-ser*i'iia. s (“Goose-skin.”) 
 That c< n lition of the skin, produced by 
 cold and other causes, in which the 
 papillae become rigid and erect, resem- 
 bling the skin of a plucked goose. 
 
 (,’y a-uate. [Cy'anas, a ’tis.] A com- 
 bination of cyanic acid with a base. 
 
 £y-au'ic. [Cyan'icus.] Applied 
 to an acid composed of cyanogen and 
 oxygen. 
 
 £y-aai 'o-gen. [From svavog, “blue,” 
 and yewao), to “generate.”] A peculiar 
 principle composed of nitrogen and car- 
 bon, obtained by decomposing the cyanu- 
 ret of mercury by heat. It is sometimes 
 called Pru8sin , or Prussine. 
 
 £y'a-n©-pa-t!ii'a.* [From svavog, 
 “blue,” and nadog, “affection,” “dis- 
 ease.”] “Blue disease j” another term 
 for Cyanosis. 
 
 £y-a-no'sis.* [From svavog, “blue.”] 
 (Fr. Cyanose f se v a'n6z'.) A blue color 
 of the skin, resulting from congenital 
 malformation of the heart, by which 
 venous and arterial blood are mixed so 
 as to be not wholly oxygenated: the 
 Morbus cceruleus. 
 
 C^y-an'u-ret. [Cyanure'tMm; from 
 cyanoge' nium.] A combination of cyan- 
 ogen with a base. 
 
 £y-a-mi'ric. [Cyamn'ricns.] Be- 
 longing to cyanogen and urine ; applied 
 to an acid. 
 
 £y-ai«'u-rm. [Cyaimri'iaa ; from 
 svavog, “blue,” and ovpov, the “urine.”] 
 A very rare substance deposited as a 
 blue powder by the urine. 
 
 £y-ath-2-for'mis.* [From cy'athns , 
 a “cup.”] Shaped like a cup: cy'athi- 
 form. 
 
 ^y 'a- thus.* [From svaOog , a “ drink" 
 ing-cup.”] In prescriptions, it signi- 
 fies a wine-glass. 
 
 Cycadacese,* sik-a-da'she-e, or Cy- 
 ca'dese.*** [From Cy'cas, Cyc'adis , one 
 of the genera.] A small natural order 
 of exogenous trees and shrubs, found in 
 the tropics. Several plants of this order 
 furnish starch and sago which are used 
 for food. The Cycads were formerly 
 classed with the Palms. 
 
 Cy'cas Ctr-ci-na'lis.** An East In- 
 dian palm-tree, the central portion of 
 which yields a kind of sago. 
 
 £y'cle. [Cy'clus; from svs\og, a 
 “circle.”] Applied to a revolution of 
 the sun of twenty-eight years, and of 
 the moon of nineteen years. A continual 
 revolution of numbers which go on 
 without interruption to the last, and then 
 return to the first. 
 
 £yc'Ii-cus.* [From svs\og, a “circle.”] 
 Belonging to a cycle or circle: cyc'lic. 
 Applied in the plural neuter ( Cyc'lica) 
 to a family of coleopterous insects in 
 which the body is generally orbicular or 
 oval. 
 
 £y c-1 ©-branch -l-a 'tus,* Cyc-Io- 
 b ranch' I-us.* [From cy'clus, and 
 bronchia' tus, “having branchiae.*'] Ap- 
 plied in the plural neuter ( Cyclobranclii - 
 a'ta) to an order of Mollusca Gasteropoda , 
 in which the branchiae form a circle: cyc- 
 lobranch'iate, cyclobranch'ious. 
 
 ^yc-lo-gan-gli-a'ta.^ [From svs\og, 
 a “circle,” and ganglia’ tus, “furnished 
 with ganglia,” or “ having ganglia.”] A 
 term applied by some naturalists to the 
 fourth sub-kingdom of animals, or Mol- 
 lusca, comprising animals mostly aquatic, 
 slow-moving or fixed, without internal 
 skeleton, covered with a permanent cal- 
 careous or cartilaginous shell, and dis- 
 tinguished by the high development of 
 the cerebral ganglia and their circular 
 distribution around the oesophagus. The 
 classes are the Tunicata, Conchifera, 
 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda, and Cephalo- 
 poda. See Mollusca. 
 
 £y'cl©ad. [C'ycBoi'tZcs; from svs\og, 
 a “circle,” and eUog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling a circle. 
 
 £yc-l©-neu'ra.* [From svs\og, a “cir- 
 cle,” and vevpou, a “nerve.”] A term 
 applied by some writers to the first sub- 
 kingdom of animals, or Radiata, on ac- 
 count of the circular form of the nervous 
 axis in this division. 
 
 151 
 
CYC 
 
 CYR 
 
 £yc-lo-neu'rns.* [From the same.] 
 Having a circular nervous arrangement. 
 See preceding article. 
 
 £yc-los' to-mws.~ [From KvxXog, and 
 cTOfxa, a “mouth.”] (“ Round-mouthed/’) 
 Applied in the plural masculine (Cyclos'- 
 tomi) to a family of lishes. Also named 
 Suctnrii. 
 
 <py-do'ni-a.* [From Cy' don, in Crete, 
 where it is said to be native.] A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Icosandria, 
 natural order Rosacese. 
 
 ^’ydo'Biisi Vnl-ga'ris. ;: The Pyrus 
 Cydonia, or quince-tree. 
 
 <?y-do'iii-um.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name for quince-seeds, which are some- 
 times used in medicine for their muci- 
 lage. 
 
 <pydo'iimasa Ma'Itim.* (“Cydonian 
 Apple.”) The quince: the fruit of the 
 
 Pyrus Cydonia. 
 
 Cy-lin 'dri-cal. [Cylin'dricws.] 
 
 Shaped like a cylinder. 
 
 €y-li»-dri-for'mis.* [From cylin'- 
 drus, a “ cylinder.”] Shaped like a cyl- 
 inder. 
 
 Cyl'in-droid. [Cylindroi'des; 
 
 from cylin' dm*, a “ cylinder,” and sldog, 
 a “form.”] Resembling a cylinder. 
 
 Uyin 'bi-form. [Cymbifor ' mis ; 
 from cym'bct , a “ boat.”] Shaped like a 
 boat. See Navicularis, Scaphoid. 
 
 £yme, or [Gr. Kvga, a 
 
 “stem of colewort.”] A kind of inflo- 
 rescence, like that of the elder, resem- 
 bling a corymb, and consisting of several 
 flower-stalks springing from one centre, 
 each irregularly subdivided. 
 
 £y -in i ' nil m . - The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Lond. Ph.) for the fruit of Cumi- 
 num cyminnm. 
 
 ^y-nan'che.* [From kvw, a “dog,” 
 and ayxw, to “strangle.”] (Fr. Angine , 
 0N a 'zh&n'.) Inflammation of the throat; 
 sore throat. A genus of the order Phleg- 
 masia, class Pyrexise , of Cullen’s Nosol- 
 
 Uynanclie liaryng’oa. See Crottp. 
 £ynan'clie Ma-lig-'na.* Putrid 
 sore throat, often an attendant on scar- 
 latina. 
 
 £ynan'clie Par-o-tid'e-a.* The 
 
 same as Parotitis. 
 
 Cynanche Pharyn^ea. See Pha- 
 ryngitis. 
 
 ^ynan'ehe Strep-I-to'rl-a,* Cy- 
 n a n'cli e StridTi-la,* ('ynan'clie 
 
 &uf-fo-ca-ti'va.* Names for Croup. 
 
 C’ynan'ctie Ton -si I- la ri*.* Ton- 
 tilli'tis phlegm on o' des, or quinsy. 
 
 Cynan'che Trach-c-aTis.* The 
 
 152 
 
 croup; otherwise called Cynanche laryiu 
 gea. See Croup. 
 
 tYnanche Ulcerosa. See Tonsil- 
 litis Maligna. 
 
 Vyn-an-thro'pi-a.* [From kviov, a 
 “dog,” and avOpomog, a “man.”] A kind 
 of Melancholia , in which the patient 
 fancies himself changed into a dog, and 
 imitates its bark and actions. 
 
 £yn'a-ra Scol'y-mus.* The botani- 
 cal name of the garden artichoke, a 
 thistle-like plant growing in the south 
 of Europe and cultivated for the fleshy 
 sweet receptacle of its flowers. It belongs 
 to the Linnaean class Syngenesia, natural 
 order Composite. The juice of the leaves 
 mixed with wine is sometimes given in 
 dropsies. (For fuller information see 
 Brande’s “ Dictionary of Science.”) 
 
 £yn'i-ciis.* [From kvw.] Like a 
 dog: cyn'ic. See Canine. 
 
 Vy'nips Qtier-ci-fo'li-i.* A hymen- 
 opterous insect found in the gall of the 
 oak. The gall itself is called Cyni'phis 
 ni'dus, or the “nest of the cynips.” 
 
 £yn-o-lis'sa.* [From kvwv, a “ dog,” 
 and \va aa, “madness.”] Canine mad- 
 ness. See Hydrophobia. 
 
 fy n-o-rex ' l-a [From kvwv, a “dog,” 
 and opt^ig, “appetite.”] Canine appetite. 
 
 Cyperaceae,^ sip-er-a'she-e, C’yp'er- 
 o-i'de-se.* [From Cype'rus, me of the 
 genera.] Sedges. A natural order of 
 endogenous grass-like plants, found in 
 marshes, ditches, meadows, heaths, etc., 
 from the Arctic to the Antarctic Circle. 
 Some species of it are used as food. 
 The Egyptian Pajiyrus belongs to this 
 order. 
 
 Uyperoi'clea?.* The Jussieurn name 
 of a natural order of plants. See Cyp- 
 ERACE.E. 
 
 £y-prl-pe'dl-nni.* [From Kvnpig, a 
 name of Venus, and nehov, a “slipper.”] 
 “Venus’s Slipper.” The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (U.S. Ph.) of the root of 
 the Cypripe' diinn pnbes'cens. 
 
 Cyprus Powder. See Abelmos- 
 chus. 
 
 Cy'prns Tur'pen-tine. A limpid, 
 fragrant substance obtained from the 
 Pistaci a terebi n thr n us. 
 
 Cyrfllaoeav* sTr-il-la'she-e. A natu- 
 ral order of evergreen shrubs, natives of 
 North America, including the Cyrilla 
 and two other genera. 
 
 Vyr-to'sis.* [From Kvprog, “curved.”] 
 A term denoting among the ancients a 
 recurvation of the spine, or posterior 
 crookedness. It has more recently been 
 termed Cyrton'osua or modbus incur' vus. 
 
CYS 
 
 CYT 
 
 ^ys-t&l'grl-a.'* [From wans, the 
 "bladder," and aXyog, "pain."] Painful 
 spasmodic affection of the bladder. 
 C'ystectasy. See Lithectasy. 
 £ys'tic. [Cys'tictis; from wans, 
 the " bladder."] Belonging to the uri- 
 nary or gall bladder. 
 
 Cys tic I>act. [Duc tus Oys'ticus.] 
 The duct which proceeds from the gall- 
 bladder and, uniting with the hepatic 
 duct, forms the ductus communis choledo- 
 chus. 
 
 Cystic Oxitle. See Cystin. 
 ^ys-ti-?8r'cus. § [From wans, a 
 "bladder," and /cspvo;, a "tail."] The 
 tailed bladder -worm. Applied to a 
 genus of Entozoa Parenchymata , other- 
 wise termed Hydatids. 
 
 £ys-ti-fel-le-ot'o-my. [Cystifelle- 
 oto'mia; from wans, a "bladder," fel, 
 the "gall,” and reyaf a, to "cut."] Opera- 
 tion by which a gall-stone is extracted 
 from the gall-bladder. 
 
 £ys'tin. [Cysti'na; from wans, the 
 "bladder."] A peculiar substance, very 
 rare, in a urinary calculus; also termed 
 Cystic Oxide. 
 
 £ys-tir-rlia'£i-a."* [From wans, the 
 "bladder," and pnyvyxi, to " burst forth."] 
 A discharge from the bladder, whether 
 of blood or mucus. 
 
 ^ys-tir-rJioe'a.* [From wans, the 
 "bladder," and pso, to "flow."] A mu- 
 cous discharge from the bladder; vesical 
 catarrh. See Cystorriice a. 
 
 £ys'tis.* [Or. wans, the "bladder."] 
 A bladder, or sac; specially, the Vesica 
 urinaria. The membranous bag in which 
 any morbid substance is contained: a 
 cyst. 
 
 £ys-ti'tis, [From wans, the 
 
 "bladder."] Inflammation of the blad- 
 der. A genus of the order Phleymasise, 
 class Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 ^/s'tI46me. [Cystit'omiis ; from 
 wans, a "bladder," or "sac," and rkpi/cj, 
 to "cut."] An instrument for opening 
 the capsule or sac of the crystalline lens. 
 
 £y3t©-bii-b»ii'©-$ele.* [From wa- 
 ns, the "bladder," (3o >8 bv, the "groin," 
 and KrjXri, a "tumor."] A rare kind of 
 Hernia, in which the urinary bladder 
 protrudes through the inguinal opening. 
 
 £ys'to-sele.* [From wans, the 
 "bladder," and wXr), a "tumor."] Her- 
 nia in which the urinary bladder is pro- 
 truded; Hernia vesicalis. 
 
 £ys-to- tly 11 ' i-a. * [From wans, the 
 < bladder," and obvvr\, "pain."] Pain in 
 the bladder. 
 
 £ys't©id. [Cystoi'des ; from wans, 
 14 
 
 the "bladder," and elbog, a "form."] Re 
 sembling a cyst or bladder. 
 
 £ys-to-li-t5ii'a-sis.* [From wans , 
 the "bladder," and Xidog, a "stone."] 
 Urinary calculous disease. 
 
 £ys-tol'I-tlius.* [From the same.] 
 A urinary calculus: a cys'tolith. 
 
 ^ys-to-plas'tic. [Cystoplas'ticus.] 
 Belonging to cystoplasty. 
 
 $ys'to-plas-ty. [dystopias' tia ; 
 from wans, the "bladder," and nXtiaaio, 
 to "fabricate."] Operation for vesico- 
 vaginal fistula, consisting in uniting 
 a flap taken from the external labium , 
 by suture, to the newly-pared edges of 
 the sore. 
 
 ^ys-to-ple'g'i-a,* Cys-to-plex ' i-a.^ 
 
 [From wans, the “ bladder," and kX r\aa<\, 
 to "strike."] Paralysis of the bladder. 
 
 £ys-top-to'sis.* [From wans, the 
 "bladder," and n'nrTO), to "fall."] Re- 
 laxation of the internal coat of the 
 bladder, which protrudes into the ure- 
 thra. 
 
 £ys-tor-rlioe'a.* The same as Cys- 
 
 TIRRHCE A. 
 
 £ys-to-spas'tic. [dystospas'ti- 
 cus; from wans, the "bladder," and 
 am'un, to "draw."] Belonging to spasm 
 of the bladder. 
 
 £y s ' to- tome. [Cystofomns; from 
 
 wans, the " bladder," and rkpvca, to "cut."] 
 A knife or instrument employed in Cys- 
 totomy. 
 
 £ys-tot'o-iny. [Cystoto'mia ; from 
 wans, the " bladder," and npuio, to "cut."] 
 Operation of cutting into the bladder. 
 See Lithotomy. 
 
 Cytinaceae,* sit-e-na'she-e. [From 
 Cyt'inus, one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of parasitical plants (Rhizogens), 
 found in Southern Europe and at the 
 Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 £yt'i-sisi. [Cytisi'na.] A bitter 
 principle found in the seeds of the Cytisus 
 laburnum. 
 
 £yt'i-sus.* [Gr. wnaog .] A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Diadelphia, 
 natural order Papilionacese. 
 
 £yt'isws Sco-pa'ri-us.* One of the 
 names of the broom-plant. 
 
 £yt'o-blast. [dytoblas'ta; from 
 wrog, a "cavity," and SXaaraiux), to "bud" 
 or "burst forth," to "produce."] The 
 nucleus of cellular or elementary cor- 
 puscles in all vegetable and animal tis- 
 sues; the Areola, or cell-nucleus. Also, 
 the nucleus of those cells, growing within 
 cells by a generative power of their own, 
 which constitute the parenchyma or sub- 
 stance of morbid growths. 
 
 153 
 
CYT 
 
 DAR 
 
 ^yt-o-blas-te'ma, a'tis.% The fluid 
 or mother liquid in which the cells con- 
 taining the nucleus, or cytoblast, origi- 
 nate. 
 
 £yt-o-gen 'e-sis.* [From kvto$ , a 
 "cavity,” or “cell/' and yivopau , to “be 
 produced.”] The generation of cavities 
 or cells ; cell-development. 
 
 D. 
 
 I>. = Do’ sis* A “ dose.” 
 
 I>ac'ry-o-. [From daxpuov, a “tear.”] 
 A prefix denoting connection with the 
 lachrymal apparatus. 
 
 Dac'ry-o-ad'eu-i'tis, a dis.% [From 
 dac'ryo , and adeni'tis, “ inflammation of 
 a gland.”] Inflammation of the lachry- 
 mal gland. 
 
 Dac'ry-o-^yst. [©acryocys'tis ; 
 
 from ddxpvov, a “tear,” and cys'tis, a 
 “bag” or “sac.”] The lachrymal sac. 
 
 S>ae-ry-o-^ys-ti'tis, i dis.% [From 
 the same.] Inflammation of the lachry- 
 mal sac. 
 
 I>ac-ry-o-cys-t©-t>len-iior-rlioe'a.* 
 
 [From SoLKpvo.', a “ tear,” and blennorrhea' a, 
 a “flow of mucus.”] A discharge of mu- 
 cus from the lachrymal sac. 
 
 I>ac-ry-o-lasem-©i*-i*8ioe'a.* [From 
 ddKpviv, a “tear,” and hsemorrhee' a, a 
 “ flow of blood.”] Sanguineous lachryma- 
 tion, or a flow of tears mingled with blood. 
 
 I>ae'ry-o-lite. [I>acryoli'tes ; from 
 dacryo-y and At do;, a “ stone.”] A calcu- 
 lous concretion in the lachrymal passage. 
 
 Dac-ry-o'ma, a tis.% [From daicpva), 
 to “weep.”] An obstruction in one or 
 both of the jmneta lachrymalia, causing 
 an overflow of tears. 
 
 I>ac-ty-lif'er-us.* Bearing dates. 
 See next article. 
 
 Dac'ty-lus.* [From 6a*rv\of, a “fin- 
 ger;” a “date,” from its resemblance to 
 a small finger.] The same as Digitus. 
 Also, the date, or fruit of Phoenix dacty- 
 lifera. 
 
 I>:eaiio-no-ma'nI-a.* [From Saiyw, 
 the “devil,” and paAa, “madness.”] A 
 variety of Melancholia in which the pa- 
 tient fancies himself possessed by devils. 
 
 I)a;suerreotype,da-ger'ro-tlp. [From 
 M. Payuerre, dAgaiit', the discoverer, 
 and ty'pus, a “likeness,” or “figure” of 
 any thing.] The system or process of 
 producing pictures by the action of light 
 on certain prepared metallic plates, in- 
 troduced into Franco by M. Daguerre. 
 See Photography. 
 
 Dali 'line. A vegetable principle dis- 
 covered in the dahlia, similar to starch. 
 
 lialby’s (dawl'bez) Car-mina-tive. 
 A popular empirical carminative for 
 154 
 
 children, composed of the carbonate of 
 magnesia, with a small quantity of the 
 tincture of assafoetida, tincture of opium, 
 oil of peppermint, aniseed, and other 
 aromatic oils. 
 
 I)al'ton*i»m. [Daltonis'nnus.] In- 
 ability to distinguish colors, which Dal- 
 ton, the celebrated chemist, labored 
 under. 
 
 I>ain'ask-Rose. The Rosa centifolia . 
 
 l>amp. (Ger. Damp/, “vapor.”) A 
 term applied to noxious gases found in 
 mines. See Choke-Damp and Fire- 
 Damp. 
 
 I>am'son. [A corruption of Damas- 
 ce'num, “belonging to Damascus.”] The 
 fruit of a variety of the Prumts domestica . 
 
 Dan-de-li'on. (Fr. Pent-de-lion, 
 doN G 'deh'16'<W', like leontodon , signify- 
 ing “ Lion’s-Tooth.”) The Leon'todon 
 tarax'acum. See Taraxacum. 
 
 Ban «h‘i(F. [Fitr'fur, uris.] The 
 disease Pityriasis capitis. 
 
 I>anse de Saint Guy, doNs deh 
 saN° gA The French name for Chorea. 
 
 Daplt'ne.* [Gr. Ad^vri.] A Linnman 
 genus of the class Octandria, natural 
 order Thyinelacese. 
 
 l>apli'ne Al-pi'na.* A dwarf spe- 
 cies of Daphne , from which has been ob- 
 tained an acrid alkaline principle called 
 Daphnin, which see. 
 
 Dapli'ne Gnid'ium* (nid'e-um). 
 The bark of this tree is employed in 
 France as a vesicatory under the name 
 of Paphne Garou (d&f'n&Z gAroo'). 
 
 liaphne Mezereon. See next ar- 
 ticle. 
 
 Dapli'ne Me-ze're-um (or Me-ze« 
 
 re'um).* Spurge-olive. The plant 
 which affords mezereon bark. See Me- 
 zereon. 
 
 Dnplinin, or I>aph'nine. [Dapli- 
 liiiia.] An acrid, volatile, alkaline 
 principle, obtained from the bark of the 
 Paph'ne Alpi'na. It is this principle 
 (as is supposed) to which the different 
 species of Paphne owe their vesicating 
 power. 
 
 Dar'tos.* [Gr. daprrk, “skinned,” or, 
 perhaps, “made like skin,” “resembling 
 skin;” from &p<*s, a “skin.”] Tlio 
 
DAR 
 
 DEC 
 
 cellular tissue subjacent to the skin of 
 the scrotum, by the contractility of 
 which, during life, the latter is corru- 
 gated. 
 
 Dartre (Fr.), daRtr. Often indefinitely 
 applied by French authors to different 
 cutaneous diseases : it seems, however, 
 to agree pretty nearly with Herpes. 
 
 Date. [Lat. Dac'tylus; Fr. Datte, 
 d&tt.] The fruit of the date palm, or 
 Phoe'nix dactylif' era. 
 
 Datiscaceay* dat-is-ka'she-e. A 
 small natural order of exogenous plants, 
 found in Europe, India, and North 
 America. It includes the Datis’ca, which 
 is used as a purgative in fevers. 
 
 Datte. See Date. 
 
 Da-tu'ra.* A Linnsean genus of the 
 class Pentandria, natural order Sola- 
 nacese. 
 
 Datu'ra Stra-mo'ni-um.* The 
 
 thorn-apple, or Jamestown weed. See 
 Stramonium. 
 
 Dat-u'rin. [Datu'ria.] An alka- 
 line principle discovered in Datura stra- 
 monium. 
 
 Bail'd Ra'dix.* (“Root of the 
 Carrot/") See Daucus Carota. 
 
 Dau'cus.* [Gr. (kubroj.] A Linnsean 
 genus of the class Pentandria, natural 
 order Umbelliferse. 
 
 Dau cus Ca-ro'ta.* The systematic 
 name of the common garden-carrot 
 (variety sati'vus). 
 
 Day-RIindness. See Nyctalopia. 
 
 Day -Mare. [Incubus Vigilan'- 
 tiuui.] A species of incubus occurring 
 during wakefulness, and attended with 
 that distressing pressure on the chest 
 which characterizes nightmare. 
 
 Day-Sight. See Hemeralopia. 
 
 D. D. = De'tur ad.% “Let it be given to.” 
 
 De. A Latin particle usually signi- 
 fying “down,” or “from;” frequently it 
 is intensive , and occasionally privative, 
 or negative , having sometimes nearly the 
 force of the English particle tin: e.g. 
 decoquo, to “boil down/" to “boil tho- 
 roughly;” deform [from for'ma , “form/" 
 “grace/" “beauty""], to “deprive of 
 grace or beauty/" decompose, to “un- 
 compound.” 
 
 Dead'ly Night'shade. The At'ropa 
 belladon'na. 
 
 Deaf. See S urdus. 
 
 Deaf-Dumb'ness. Dumbness arising 
 from congenital or early deafness. 
 
 Dealbatio, or Dealbation. See 
 Bleaching. 
 
 Deaur. pil. = Deaur'etur piVula .* 
 “ Let the pill be gilded.” 
 
 De-bil'i-ty. [Debil'itas ; from 
 
 deb'ilis, “weak.""] (Fr. Faiblesse, f&'- 
 bless'.) Weakness, or feebleness; decay 
 of strength either of mind or body. 
 
 Deb. Spiss. = Deb'ita Spissitu' do,* 
 “a due thickness or consistency,"" or 
 Deb'itse Spissitu' dinis, “of a due consis- 
 tency."" 
 
 Dec. = Decan' ta.* “Pour off.’" 
 
 Deca-gon. [Decago'num ; from 
 dUa, “ten,” and ycovia, an “angle.”] A 
 figure having ten equal angles and sides. 
 
 Dec-ag'o-nal. [Dee ago' mis.] Be- 
 longing to a decagon ; having the form 
 of a decagon. 
 
 Decagramme, dek'a-gram. [Deca- 
 gram'ina, a tis ; from d Ua, ‘‘ ten,” and 
 (Fr.) gramme .] Ten grammes, equal to 
 154.34 grains Troy. 
 
 Decagynia. See Decagynius. 
 
 Dec-a-gyn'I-us.* [From 6 e>ca, “ten,” 
 and yvi/rj, a “ woman” or “female.”] Hav- 
 ing ten pistils. Applied to a Linnsean 
 order comprising plants with ten pistils. 
 
 Decalitre, dek'sl-l£tr'. [From <5 exa, 
 “ten,” and (Fr.) litre.] Ten litres, equal 
 to 610.28 English cubic inches. 
 
 Decametre, dek'a-me't’r (French 
 pronunciation, d^'kAmetr'). [From deica , 
 “ ten,” and (Fr.) metre.] Ten metres, equal 
 to 393.71 English inches, or about thirty- 
 two and three-quarters English feet. 
 
 De-can 'dri-a.* [From de<a, “ten,” 
 and arrip, “man” or “male.""] A class 
 of plants in the Linnaean system, char- 
 acterized by having ten stamens. 
 
 De-cau drl-ous. [ Decan 'd r i us.] 
 
 Having ten stamens. See Decandria. 
 
 De-can-ta'tion. [Decan ta'tio.] 
 The pouring off of clear fluid from sedi- 
 ments. 
 
 Dec-a-ptiyTlous. [Decapbyl'lus ; 
 
 from deica, “ten,” and (pvWor , a “leaf.”] 
 Having ten leaves. 
 
 Decapitation. See Decollation. 
 
 De-cap'o-da,* or Dec'a-pods. 
 [From deica, “ten,” and novg, irodog, a 
 “foot."’] A name given by Cuvier to 
 an order of Crustaceans having ten 
 thoracic feet. Also applied to a tribe 
 of Cephalopods having ten locomotive 
 and prehensile appendages proceeding 
 from the head, two of which, called ten- 
 tacles, are always longer than the rest. 
 
 De-cap'o-dous. [Decap 'odus : 
 from deica, “ten,” and i rovg, -rr odog, a “foot.”] 
 Literally, “having ten feet.” See De- 
 capoda. 
 
 De-cem'fl-duA.* [From de’cem, 
 “ten,” and Jin' do, to “cleave.”] Cleft 
 into ten parts ; decem'fidous. 
 
 155 
 
DEC 
 
 DEC 
 
 De-cem-loc'u-lar. [!>ecemlocu- 
 
 la'ris; from de'cem , “ten," and loc'ulus , 
 a “ little pocket/'] Having ten little 
 compartments. 
 
 De-ci«Fu-a.* [See Deciduus.] A 
 spongy membrane, or chorion, produced 
 at the period of conception, and thrown 
 off from the uterus after parturition. 
 
 Decid'ua Mem-bra'na, (or Tin'nl- 
 ca) Re-tflex'a.* The same as Decidua 
 Reflexa, which see. 
 
 Decid'ua Membra'na (or Tu'niea) 
 U'te-ri.® (“ Deciduous Membrane of the 
 Uterus.") The same as Decidua Vera. 
 
 Decid'ua Re-flex'a.* That portion 
 of the decidua which is reflected over, 
 and surrounds, the ovum. 
 
 Decid'ua Ve'ra.* That portion of 
 the decidua which lines the interior of 
 the uterus. 
 
 De-cid'u-us.* [From deg'ido, to 
 “fall down," to “fall off."] Falling off: 
 decid'uous. 
 
 Decigramme, des'se-gram. (Fr. 
 Decigramme, d&'se'gramm'. [From del- 
 imits, “tenth," and (Fr.) gramme .] The 
 tenth part of a gramme, equal to 1.544 
 grains avoirdupois, or one and a half 
 grains troy. 
 
 Decilitre, dess'e-l6tr'. [From deg'- 
 imus, “tenth," and (Fr.) litre.] The tenth 
 part of a litre, equal to 6.1028 English 
 cubic inches. 
 
 Decimetre, dess'e-me't’r (French 
 pronunciation, dAsAmeta'). [From del- 
 imits, “tenth," and (Fr.) metre.] The 
 tenth part of a metre, equal to 3.937, or 
 nearly four, English inches. 
 
 De-cli'nal. [From decli'no, to “bend 
 downwards."] Applied to the slope of 
 strata from an axis. 
 
 Dec'li-nate. [Declina'tus; from 
 the same.] Bending down. 
 
 De-cli'vis.* [From de, “down," and 
 cli'vus , the “descent of a hill."] De- 
 scending. 
 
 Decoct. = Decoc'tnm .* “ A decoction." 
 
 De-coc'ta, i: the plural of Decoctum. 
 
 Decocts, d&'kok'tA. The French for 
 Decoctum, which see. 
 
 De-coc'tion. [Decoc'tum, or De- 
 eoc'tio, o'/m/ from de, “down," and 
 co' quo, coc'tum , to “boil."] A continued 
 ebullition with water, to separate such 
 parts of bodies as are soluble only at 
 that degree of heat. A medicine made 
 by boiling some medicinal substance in 
 a watery fluid. In this latter significa- 
 tion it corresponds to Decoctum, which 
 see. 
 
 De-coc'tum,* plural De-coc'la. 
 
 156 
 
 [From the same.] A decoction. The 
 Pharmacopoeial term for a medicinal 
 preparation made by boiling some vege- 
 table substance in water for the purpose 
 of extracting the soluble ingredients. 
 
 Decoc tum C'e-tra'ri-se.* (“ Decoc- 
 tion of Iceland Moss.") Take of Iceland 
 Moss half a troyounce: water, a suffi- 
 cient quantity. Boil the Iceland Moss 
 in a pint of water for fifteen minutes, 
 strain with compression, and add suffi- 
 cient water through the strainer to make 
 the decoction measure a pint. 
 
 I)ecoc'tum€hi-maph (“ De- 
 
 coction of Pipsissewa.") Take of pipsis- 
 sewa, bruised, a troyounce ; water, a suffi- 
 cient quantity. Boil the pipsissewa in a 
 pint of water fifteen minutes, strain, and 
 add sufficient water through the strainer 
 to make the decoction measure a pint. 
 
 Decoc tum d in-ch» me Fla'vae.* 
 (“Decoction of Yellow Cinchona.") Take 
 of yellow cinchona, bruised, a troyounce; 
 water, a sufficient quantity. Boil the 
 yellow cinchona in a pint of water for 
 fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
 water through the strainer to make the 
 decoction measure a pint. 
 
 Decoc tum t in-eho'n® Ru bra 1 .* 
 (“Decoction of Red Cinchona.") Take 
 of red cinchona, bruised, a troyounce; 
 water, a sufficient quantity. Boil the 
 red cinchona in a pint of water for 
 fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
 water through the strainer to make the 
 decoction measure a pint. 
 
 Decoc tum For'nus Flor'i-dav* 
 (“Decoction of Dogwood.") Take of 
 dogwood, bruised, a troyounce; water, a 
 sufficient quantity. Boil the dogwood 
 in a pint of water for fifteen minutes, 
 strain, and add sufficient water through 
 the strainer to make the decoction mea- 
 sure a pint. 
 
 Decoc tum Dul-ca-ma'rse.* (“ De- 
 coction of Bittersweet.") Take of bitter- 
 sweet, bruised, a troyounce; water, a 
 sufficient quantity. Boil the bittersweet 
 in a pint of water for fifteen minutes, 
 strain, and add sufficient water through 
 the strainer to make the decoction mea- 
 sure a pint. 
 
 Decoctum Hiem-a-tox'y-li.* 
 
 (“ Decoction of Logwood.") Take of log- 
 wood, rasped, a troyounce ; water, a suffi- 
 cient quantity. Boil the logwood in a pint 
 of water for fifteen minutes, strain, and 
 add sufficient water through the strainer 
 to make the decoction measure a pint. 
 
 Decoc't um Ilor'de-i.* (“ Decoction 
 of Barley.") Take of barley two troy- 
 156 
 
DEC 
 
 DEF 
 
 ounces; water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Having washed away the extraneous 
 matters which adhere to the barley, boil 
 it with half a pint of water for a short 
 time, and throw away the resulting 
 liquid. Then, having poured on it four 
 pints of boiling water, boil down to two 
 pints, and strain. 
 
 Decoc'tiini (Juer'euH Al'bav* 
 
 (“ Decoction of White-Oak Bark.”) Take 
 of white-oak bark, bruised, a troyounce; 
 water, a sufficient quantity. Boil the 
 white-oak bark in a pint of water for 
 fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
 water through the strainer to make the 
 decoction measure a pint. 
 
 Decoc tum Sas**sa«pa>riM9C Com- 
 pos'I-tum.* (“Compound Decoction 
 of Sarsaparilla.”) Take of Sarsaparilla, 
 sliced and bruised, six troyounces; bark 
 of sassafras-root, sliced, guaiacuin-wood, 
 rasped, liquorice-root, bruised, each a 
 troyounce; mezereon, sliced, one hun- 
 dred and eighty grains; water, a suffi- 
 cient quantity. Macerate with four pints 
 of water for twelve hours; then boil for 
 a quarter of an hour, strain, and add 
 sufficient water through the strainer to 
 make the decoction measure four pints. 
 
 I>ecoc'tum Sen'e-gae.* (“Decoc- 
 tion of Seneka.”) Take of seneka, bruised, 
 a troyounce; water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Boil the seneka in a pint of water for 
 fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
 water through the strainer to make the 
 decoction measure a pint. 
 
 Decoe luiii XT 'vae Ur'si.* (“' Decoc- 
 tion of Uva Ursi.”) Take of uva ursi 
 a troyounce ; water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Boil the uva ursi in a pint of water for 
 fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
 water through the strainer to make the 
 decoction measure a pint. 
 
 l>e-col-la'tion. [From de , privative, 
 and col' him, the “neck.”] Applied to 
 the removal of the head of the child in 
 cases of difficult parturition. 
 
 I>e-com-i»D-si'tioaa. [S>ecomg>osi'- 
 tio, o'nis; from de, negative, or “from,” 
 and compo'no, compos' itum, to “put to- 
 gether.”] The separation of compound 
 bodies into their constituent parts or 
 principles; analysis. 
 
 I>e-c»an-p»s'i-tws.* [From the 
 same.] Applied in the feminine plural 
 ( Decompos' itie) to a class or division of 
 plants having a common foot-stalk sup- 
 porting a number of lesser leaves, each 
 of which is compounded. 
 
 l>e-cor-ti-ca' tioai . [I>ecort lea' tio, 
 o’nis; from de, priv., or “from,” and 
 14 * 
 
 cnr'tex, “bark.”] The removal of bark, 
 husk, or shell. 
 
 I>ec're-ineiit. [Decremen'tum *, 
 
 from decres'co, to “grow less.”] The 
 decrease or proportion in which any thing 
 is lessened. 
 
 JDe-crep-l-ta'taon. [fl>ecrepita'tio, 
 
 o ' uis ; from deerep'ito, deer epita' turn, to 
 “crackle” or “explode.”] The crackling 
 noise produced by certain bodies when 
 heated, as common salt, etc. 
 
 IDecwb. = Decn'bitus ,* or Decu'bitit.% 
 “Lying down,” or “On lying down” (i.e. 
 going to bed). 
 
 De>cu ' bi- 1 us.* [From decum'bo, de- 
 cu'bitum, to “lie down.”] A lying down, 
 or reclining in the horizontal position. 
 An important symptom in certain dis- 
 eases is to be observed from the manner 
 of lying in bed. 
 
 I>e-c win 'bens.* [From the same.] 
 Lying down : decum'bent. 
 
 J>e-cur'rens.* [From decur'ro, de- 
 cur' sum, to “run down.”] Applied to 
 leaves which run down the stem in a 
 leafy border or wing: decur'rent. 
 
 I>e-cur'slve. [I>ecursi'vus; from 
 the same.] Applied to leaves that run 
 down the stem, attached by their middle 
 nerve only. 
 
 I>e-ews'sate. [From decus'so, decus- 
 sa' turn, to “cross” (from decus'sis, the 
 number “ ten,” represented by a cross, 
 X).] To cross each other. See next 
 article. 
 
 Dec-tis-sa'tion. [!>ecwssa'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from the same.] The crossing 
 or running of one portion athwart an- 
 other, as in the case of the optic nerves, 
 which cross each other within the 
 cranium. 
 
 I>e-etis-so'ri-imi.* An instrument 
 for depressing the dura mater after tre- 
 phining. 
 
 I>. iw I>. = De Di'e in Di'em.% 
 “From day to day.” 
 
 ©efaiiiance, d&'f&'yoNss'. The 
 French term for “fainting.” Like the 
 Latin dcfectio, its primary signification 
 is a “failing” of the strength. 
 
 I>ef-e»ea'tion. [Defseca'tio, o'nis ; 
 from defse'eo, defreca' turn, to “ deprive of 
 the dregs” (fasces), to “strain through 
 a sieve.”] The removal of fasces, lees, 
 or sediment from any thing. The act of 
 discharging the fasces. 
 
 I>efectio,* de-fek'she-o. [From drfi'- 
 cio , to “lack” or “fail.”] A failing; 
 a failing of heart, strength, or cou- 
 rage. 
 
 X>efec'tio An'i-ani.* Literally, the 
 157 
 
DEF 
 
 DEL 
 
 “failing of the mind;’' hence, fainting. 
 The same as Deliquium Animi. 
 
 J>ef 'er-ens,* plural neuter l>efer- 
 entia, def-er-en'she-a. [From def'ero , 
 to “carry down,” to “convey.”] Con- 
 veying: def'erent. See Vas Deferens. 
 
 I>eFla«g:ra'ti<m. [Beflag-ra'tio, 
 O 'nis; from defla'gro, deflagra' turn, to 
 be “set on fire,” to “be utterly con- 
 sumed.”] The burning of an inflamma- 
 ble substance or metal with nitre, chlo- 
 rate of potash, etc. 
 
 De'flex. from dejlec'to, 
 
 to “bend down.”] Bending a little 
 downwards. 
 
 I>e-ff!o'rate. [I>eftora'tus ; from 
 
 deflo'roy deflora' turn, to “deflower.”] Ap- 
 plied to anthers that have shed their 
 pollen, and plants, their flowers. 
 
 I>ef-lo-ra'taoaa. [I>eSioraiio, o 'nis ; 
 from the same.] In Medical Jurispru- 
 dence, connection without violence, in 
 contradistinction from rape. Loss of 
 the marks of virginity by connection 
 with a male. 
 
 Defluxion, de-fluk'shun. [I>e- 
 flnx'io. o' ins; from de, “down,” and 
 flu' o y flux' um or flue’ turn, to “flow.”] A 
 flowing of humors downwards. 
 
 I>e-fo-li-a'tion. [I>efolia'tio, o’ nis; 
 from de , priv., and fo'lium , a “leaf.”] 
 The fall of leaves, as contradistinguished 
 from frondescenee, or their renovation. 
 
 I>e-for-ina'tion. [I>eforma'tio, 
 o'nis; from defor'mo, de forma turn, to 
 “mar” or “disfigure.”] Distortion of 
 any part, or general deformity of the body. 
 
 I>e-£en-er-a'tion. [Lat. Degenera'- 
 ti©, O 'nis; from degen' ero, dcgencra' turn, 
 to be “worse than one’s ancestors;” Fr. 
 Degenerescence, dAzhAnAres'soNSs'.] De- 
 terioration. Applied in Pathology to a 
 morbid change in the structure of parts: 
 such as Laroaceous Degeneration. 
 
 I>og , -l w- ti ' t ion. [ Degl ai I i t io, o ' n i s; 
 from dcglu'tio , degluti'tum , to “swallow 
 down.”] The act of swallowing. 
 
 J>e-gree'. [Lat. CSra'ilois, a “step,” 
 or “rank.”] The 360th part of a circle. 
 Also, the rank or title of Bachelor, Mas- 
 ter, or Doctor, conferred by the Faculty 
 of a university or college. See Doctor. 
 
 I>e-liis\'ence. [Dehiscen tia; from 
 dehis'eo , to “gape” or “burst open.”] A 
 bursting open. Applied to capsules. 
 
 S»e*]iIs\oii(. [From the same.] Open- 
 ing or splitting, as the capsules of certain 
 plants. 
 
 I>eJ. Alv. = Dejcctio'ncs Ahi'nse .* 
 “Alvinc dejections.” 
 
 I>c-jcction. [Dejoc'tlo,o'a»#; from 
 158 
 
 deji’cio, dejec’tum, to “ throw down.”] 
 The discharge of any excrementitious 
 matter; also, the matter discharged; a 
 stool, or evacuation of the bowels. Also, 
 depression, exhaustion, or prostration. 
 
 D^layant, dsVkPyoN*'. The French 
 term for Diluent, which see. 
 
 I>el-e-te'ri-ous. [I>elete'rius; from 
 de'leo, dele' turn, to “destroy.”] Lite- 
 rally, “destroying.” Injurious; poi- 
 sonous. 
 
 DoH-ga'tion. [Deliga'tio. o’ nis ; 
 
 from del'igo, deliga'tum, to “bind up.”] 
 The act of applying a bandage. 
 
 I>el-i-<iii£s'£eiBce. [From deliqves'- 
 co , to “grow moist” or “liquid.”] The 
 liquescent state assumed by certain saline 
 bodies in consequence of their attracting 
 water from the air. 
 
 I>eliquium,* de-lik'we-um. [From 
 delin' quo, to “fail.”] A failing; a faint- 
 ing or swooning. 
 
 Deliq'uittm An'I-mi.* (“Failing 
 of the Mind.”) Swooning or fainting; 
 syn'eope: also called De/ectio animi. 
 
 [From deli'ro , to 
 “rave.”] A symptom consisting in be- 
 ing fitful and wandering in talk. 
 
 Delir'ium Tre'mens.* (“Trem- 
 bling Delirium.”) (Fr. Delire Tremblant y 
 dAl^u' troM'bloN 0 '.) An affection re- 
 sulting from an excessive indulgence in 
 strong liquors, or opium. See Mania a 
 Potu. 
 
 I>el-E-t£s'sence. [From d elites’ co y 
 to “lie hid.”] A term used principally 
 by the French physiologists to express a 
 more sudden disappearance of the symp- 
 toms of inflammation than occurs in 
 resolution. 
 
 I>e-liv'er-y. (Fr. Delivrer , dAl&'vR&', 
 to “free.”) The expulsion of a child by 
 the mother, or its extraction by the ob- 
 stetrical practitioner. The expulsion of 
 the placenta and membranes, however, 
 is necessary to complete the delivery. 
 
 A$'id. An acid pro- 
 cured from the oil of the Dc/qdii'mts del' - 
 phis, or dolphin. 
 
 [From ce\(p!v , the 
 “dolphin.”] A Linnacan genus of the 
 class Pohjandria, natural order Hamm- 
 cvlncerr. Also the Pharmacopceini name 
 (U.S. Ph., 1860) for the seed of the Del- 
 phinium cottsofida. As a diuretic, it is 
 sometimes given in dropsy. 
 
 1>cl|>liin'ium Staplid-sa 
 The plant stavesacre. 
 
 B>cltoi<l. [Deltoi'des: from the 
 Greek triangular letter, and a 
 
 “form.”] Shaped like the Greek letter 
 
DEL 
 
 DEN 
 
 A (delta). The name of a large triangu- 
 lar muscle covering the shoulder -joint. 
 
 Del-to-i'de-aas.* [From deltoi'des .] 
 Belonging to the deltoid muscle. 
 
 Deaiaeaatia,* de-men 'she-a. [From 
 de , priv., and mens , the “mind.”] (Fr. 
 Demence, dAmdxss'.) Want of intellect; 
 a species of insanity. 
 
 De-mer'sus.* [From demer'go , de- 
 wier' sum, to “dip in water.”] Growing 
 beneath the surface of water. Applied to 
 leaves naturally so situated. 
 
 Deaaai-ISaiia, dm& baN°. (“Half- 
 Bath.”) The French term for a hip-bath. 
 
 De-mul'$ents. [Bcaaaulcentia, 
 de-mul-sen'she-a; from demuVceo , to 
 “soothe.”] (Fr. Adoucissants, Adoo'se'- 
 son g \) “Soothing [medicines].” Ap- 
 plied to medicines of a mucilaginous or 
 oily consistence. 
 
 Den'drl-form. [Dcndrifor'mis ; 
 
 from bivbpo;, a “ tree.”] Formed like a 
 tree. 
 
 Ben'drate. [Dendri'tes; from bev- 
 bpou, a “tree,” and Xidog, a “stone.”] Any 
 figure of a tree or shrub observed in 
 fossils and minerals. 
 
 Ben-drit'ic. [Dendrit'ieus; from 
 bsrbpoi/.] Belonging to a tree or shrub. 
 
 Deaa-drog'ra-pSay. [Dendrogra'- 
 pliia; from bubpov, a “tree,” and ypvjxo, 
 to “write.”] A history of trees and 
 shrubs. 
 
 Ben'droid. [Dendroi'des; from 
 bei>bpoi>, a “tree,” and tlbog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a tree or shrub. 
 
 Den'dro-late. [Dendroli'tes; from 
 bkebpov, a “tree,” and Xidog, a “stone.”] A 
 petrified tree or shrub. 
 
 Den-drol'o-gy- [Beaidrolo'gia ; 
 
 from bhbpoi >, a “tree,” and Xoyo;, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on trees; the sci- 
 ence of trees. 
 
 Den-drom'e-ter. [Bendmm'e- 
 
 truaaa; from bkrbpo.>, a “tree,” and pirpov, 
 a “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring trees. 
 
 Dengue (Sp.), den'gA A fever of 
 America, characterized by sharp pains 
 down the thighs and legs, and general 
 soreness of the flesh and bones. 
 
 Ben-a-gra'tion. [Denigra'tio ; 
 from deni'gro, deni gr a' turn, to “blacken.”] 
 Another term for Melanosis, derived from 
 its black appearance. See Melanosis. 
 
 Dens,-- gen. Deaa'tis. [Sanscrit 
 Dantd ; Gr. dbovg, db6nTog.~\ A tooth. See 
 Tooth 
 
 Dens ILe-o'nis .* 1 (“Lion’s Tooth.”) 
 The same as dandelion, or Leon' todon 
 tar ax' acum. 
 
 Dent, ddN°'. The French for “tooth.” 
 See Dens. 
 
 Den'ta-gra.* [From dens, and uypa, 
 a “seizure.”] The same as Odontalgia. 
 Also, a kind of forceps, or tooth-key, 
 for extracting teeth. 
 
 Dcaataire. See Dental. 
 
 Denial. [Denta'fiis; from dens, 
 den'tis, a “tooth.”] (Fr. Dentaire, ddN 0 '- 
 teit'.) Pertaining to teeth. 
 
 Dcn-ta'ta.* The name of the second 
 vertebra, so called from its projecting 
 tooth-like process. 
 
 Don' late. [Deaata'tus; from dens .] 
 Toothed. 
 
 Dcaa'tes,* gen. Dciatmm, den'she- 
 um, the plural of Dens, a “ tooth.” See 
 Teeth. 
 
 Dcn'tcs C 1 aas-pa-«la'ti,* or simply 
 Cuspida'ti.* Four pointed teeth, two 
 in each jaw, situated adjoining and pos- 
 terior to the lateral incisors. The two 
 cuspidati of the upper jaw are in popu- 
 lar language called eye-teeth. 
 
 Den'tesSapien'tise-^sap-e-en'she-e). 
 The “Teeth of Wisdom,” or wisdom- 
 teeth. A name given to the last grinder 
 teeth, because they come in mature years. 
 
 Don-tic' aa-latc, or Don-tic' u-lat- 
 cd. [Dcnticula'tus: from dentic' ulus, 
 diminutive of dens.~\ Having little teeth. 
 
 Doai'tl-frace. [Dositiiri'cium ; 
 from dens, a “tooth,” and fri'eo, to 
 “rub.”] A medicinal powder for the 
 teeth; tooth-powder. 
 
 Dcn'tlne, or Don'tin. [Donti'na; 
 from dens, a “tooth.”] The bone-like 
 substance forming the inner part of the 
 body, neck, and roots of the teeth. 
 
 Don-ta-ros'tris,* plural Dcaa-ta- 
 ros'tres. [From dens, a “tooth,” and 
 ros'trum, a “beak.”] Applied in the 
 plural to a family of birds having a 
 tooth-like beak: dentiros'trate. 
 
 Den-ti-scal'pa-aaan.^ [From dens, a 
 “tooth,” and scal'po, to “scrape.”] An 
 instrument for scaling teeth. 
 
 Dentist. See Surgeon Dentist. 
 
 Deaa-tation. [Beaati'ti©,o'ms/ from 
 den'tio , dent i' turn , to “breed or produce 
 teeth.”] The first appearing of the teeth 
 in infancy; teething. 
 
 Deaatium. See Dentes. 
 
 Deaa'tiiam Cnr'tex.* (“Bark or 
 Rind of the Teeth.”) A name applied 
 to the enamel which forms the most im- 
 portant part of the covering of the 
 teeth. See Enamel. 
 
 Deaa'tmaai Do'Ioav* (“Pain of the 
 Teeth.”) See Odontalgia. 
 
 Dcaa'toid. [Deaatoi'des ; from dens, 
 
 159 
 
DEN 
 
 DER 
 
 a "tooth,” and eidog, a "form.”] Resem- 
 bling a tooth. 
 
 De-ni&'date. [Denuda'tiis ; from 
 
 denu'do , denuda'tum, to "make bare.”] 
 Made bare. 
 
 I>eai-u-da/tion. [Denuda'ti©, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The laying bare of any 
 part. 
 
 De-ob'stru-ent. [De©b'stmens ; 
 
 from de , "from,” and ob'struo, to "ob- 
 struct.”] Applied to medicines for re- 
 moving obstructions. 
 
 De*o><lo*ri*zatioii. [Deodoriza'- 
 tio, o' nis; from de, priv., and o' dor, a 
 "smell.”] The correcting of any foul 
 or unwholesome effluvia, through the 
 operation of chemical substances. 
 
 De-©x-i-da'tion. [De©xyda'ti©, 
 © 'iris; from de, priv., and ox'ygen.] The 
 driving off of oxygen from any substance. 
 
 Dep. = Depurci' tus .* " Purified.” 
 
 De-pau'per-at-ed. [From de, in- 
 tensive, and pou' per, "poor.”] In Bo- 
 tany, imperfectly developed; shrivelled 
 as from scanty nutriment. 
 
 De-phleg-ma'ti©n. [Dephlegma'- 
 tfo, © 'nis ; from de, priv., and phleg'ma, 
 "phlegm” or "humor.”] The separating 
 of the water from chemical liquors. 
 
 Deph-lo-gis'tl-cat-ed. [From de, 
 priv., and phlogis'ton .] Deprived of 
 phlogiston : in other words, oxidized. 
 See Phlogiston. 
 
 DepBil©gisticated Air. Oxygen gas. 
 
 Deplil©gis'ticaied Ma-rine' A^'id. 
 
 The name given by Scheele to chlorine. 
 
 De-pil'a-to-ry. [Bepilato'rius; 
 
 from de, priv., and pi'lus, the "hair.”] 
 Removing hair from any part. 
 
 I>£pl£tif. See Depletory. 
 
 De-ple'ti©n. [Deple'ti©, o' nis ; 
 from dep'leo, deple'tum, to "empty.”] 
 The act of emptying or lightening the 
 blood-vessels by means of venesection, 
 cathartics, etc. 
 
 Dep'le-t©-ry. [From the same. Fr. 
 Depict if, d&'pl&'t&f'.] Causing or pro- 
 moting depletion. 
 
 Dep-lii-ma'tion. [From deplu'mis, 
 "without feathers,” "callow;” from de, 
 priv., and phi' mo, a "feather.”] Lite- 
 rally, "plucking of the feathers.” Ap- 
 plied to a disease of the eyelids in which 
 the hair falls off. 
 
 De-p©&'it. [Bepos'itnni; from 
 "down,” and po , no % pos'itum, to "put,” 
 "place,” or "throw.”] What is thrown 
 down from a liquid in which it has been 
 suspended. 
 
 Dep-ra-vti'ti©n. [Deprava'ti©, 
 
 o'nis; from depra'vo, deprava'tum , to 
 160 
 
 "vitiate” or "deprave.”] Deterioration 
 or change for the worse. 
 
 De-pressed'. [Bepres'sws. See 
 Depression.] A botanical term signi- 
 fying "pressed down.” 
 
 De-pres'si©n. [Depres'si©, o' nis ; 
 from dep'rimo, depres'sum, to "press 
 down.”] Lowness of spirits. The state 
 of a part which is pressed down. Also, 
 a term for one of the operations for 
 cataract. 
 
 De-pres's©r ,©'r?$.* [From the same.] 
 Applied to a muscle which draws or 
 presses down. 
 
 Be-pres'sor An'gu-li O'ris.* (" De- 
 pressor of the Corner of the Mouth ”) A 
 muscle whose office is indicated by its 
 name. 
 
 Bep'ri-mens.* [See Depression.] 
 Pressing down. 
 
 Bep'rimens Oc'u-li.* (The "De- 
 pressing [Muscle] of the Eye.”) A name 
 given to the rectus inferior, from the 
 action of this muscle in drawing down 
 the eyeball. 
 
 Be-pti'rans.* [From depu'ro, depni- 
 ra'tum, to "purify.”] Purifying. 
 
 Bepurantia,* de-pu-ran'she-a (the 
 neuter plural of Depurans, which see). 
 Applied to medicines supposed to have 
 the power of purifying the blood. 
 
 Bep-ii-ra'tion. [Bepura'ti©,o'»a'«; 
 from the same.] The clarifying of a 
 liquid: defecation. The removal of im- 
 purities from the fluids of the body. 
 
 Ber-ad-en-i'tis.** [From depn, or dtipn, 
 the "neck,” and dinv, a "gland.”] In- 
 flammation of a gland of the neck. 
 
 Ber'by-shire Xcch. Another name 
 for Bronchocele. 
 
 Derbyshire Spar. See Fluor Spar. 
 
 De-riv'a-tive. [Derivations $ 
 
 from de, "from,” and ri'vvs , a "stream ;” 
 deri'vo, deriva'tum, to "draw off water,” 
 as from a large stream or river.] Divert- 
 ing from one part to another: applied to 
 blisters, rubefacients, epispastics, etc. 
 
 Der'ma, a<i«.* [Gr. ddppa.] The skin, 
 or Cu'tis ve'ra. 
 
 Der'inad. Applied the same as Der- 
 mal used adverbially. 
 
 Der mal. [From der'ma.] Applied 
 by Dr. Barclay as meaning " towards the 
 skin.” 
 
 Der-ina-tjir&i-a.* [From deppa, dtp- 
 parog, the "skin,” and d\yog, "pain.”] 
 Neuralgia of the skin ; pain of the skin 
 
 Ber-ina-t©g'ra-pliy. [ Dermat©- 
 gra'pliia; from deppa, the "skin,” and 
 ypd<{>tj, to "write.”] A description of the 
 skin. 
 
DER 
 
 BET 
 
 I>er-ma-tol'o-« , y- [Dermatolo ■ 
 
 gia: from kppa, the “skin,” and \6yog, a 
 “ discourse.”] The consideration (or sci- 
 ence) of the skin, its nature and qualities. 
 
 I>er-ma-tot'o-niy. [Dermatoto'- 
 liiia; from i>enpa, the “skin,” and rt/xrw, 
 to “cut.”] Dissection or cutting of the 
 skin. 
 
 Derinograpfliy. See Dermatogra- 
 phy. 
 
 Der'moid, or Der'ma-toid. [Der- 
 inoi'cles, or Deranatoi'cles; from deppn, 
 the “skin,” and cido g, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling the skin. 
 
 Derniolosy. See Dermatology. 
 
 Der-mo-skel'e-toia. [Dermoscel'- 
 eton ; from ceppa, the “ skin,” and okcXc- 
 tov, a “skeleton.”] The outward cover- 
 ing of many invertebrate animals, such 
 as the lobster, the beetle, etc.; also in 
 certain vertebrated animals, as. the tor- 
 toise, the armadillo, etc. 
 
 Derosne's Nalt. See Narcotine. 
 
 De-s^en-so'rl-um.# [From descen’ - 
 do , descen' sum , to “move downwards.”] 
 The apparatus in which distillation by 
 descent is performed. 
 
 I>e-s$eii'sii8,*‘ accusative I>e-s£pn'- 
 siun. [From the same.] Distillation 
 per descensum is performed by placing 
 the fire upon and around the vessel or 
 apparatus ( descensorium ), the orifice of 
 which is at the bottom. 
 
 Inscriptive Anatomy. See Anat- 
 omy, Descriptive. 
 
 Des-ic-ca'tion. [Desicca'tio, o'nis ; 
 from de, intensive, and sic'co, sicca'tum , 
 to “dry.”] The act of drying. 
 
 m-sic'ca-tive. [I>esiccati'vns ; 
 from the same.] Applied to substances 
 that dry or lessen the moisture of a 
 wound or sore. 
 
 £>es-mi'tis, idis.% [From kopog, a 
 “ligament.”] Inflammation of a liga- 
 ment. 
 
 I>es-mo-dy n 'I-a. :; - [From kaptg, a 
 “ligament,” and odvvri, “pain.”] Pain 
 in a ligament, or in the ligaments : des- 
 mod'yny. 
 
 Des-niog'ra-pliy. [Desmogra'- 
 pliia; from kjpng, a “ligament,” and 
 ypd'!)G}, to “write.”] A history or de r 
 scription of the ligaments. 
 
 Des'moid. [S>es»mei'des? from Seapn, 
 a “bundle,” and eidog, a “form.”] Ap- 
 plied to certain fibrous tumors which on 
 section present numerous white fibres 
 arranged in bundles. Also, resembling 
 a ligament. (From darpog, a “ligament.”) 
 
 Des-mol'o-gy. [Desmolo'gia; from 
 kopdg, a “ligament,” and \6yog , a “dis- 
 
 course.”] A treatise on the ligaments; 
 the science of the ligaments. 
 
 Des-pti-ina'tion. [ DeNpiuna'fiOf 
 
 o'nis / from despu'mo, despnma'tum, to 
 “clarify.”] The process of clarifying 
 any fluid; defecation; depuration. 
 
 Des-pu-ma'tus.* Freed from im- 
 purities. 
 
 l)es-qua>nia'tion. [De^nama'- 
 tio, o'nis/ from desquamo , to “scale 
 fishes.”] The separation of lamina? or 
 scales from the skin or bones ; exfoliation. 
 
 Desquamative Nephritis. See 
 
 Nephritis. 
 
 Best. = Destil' la* “Distil.” 
 Destillatio. Bee Distillation. 
 
 Desudatio (de-su-da'she-o), o 'iris* 
 [From de, intensive, and su'do, suda'tum , 
 to “sweat.”] Excessive sweating; also, 
 an eruption in children. See Sudajien. 
 
 Desvauxiacete,- dA-vo-ze-a'she-e. A 
 natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found in Australia and the South 
 Sea islands. 
 
 Dot. = De'turJ* “Let it be given.” 
 
 I>e-ter'gent. [Deter'g-ens; from de, 
 intensive, and ter' yeo, ter' sum, to “wipe,” 
 to “cleanse.”] Applied to medicines 
 which cleanse wounds and ulcers. 
 
 Do-tor iul-nato. [Dotformima'- 
 
 tus; from deter'mino, deter min a’ turn, to 
 “terminate,” to “limit.”] Applied to 
 branches and stems that commence or 
 end abruptly. 
 
 ©e-ftor-mi-Bia'tion. [Betermina'- 
 tio, o'nis ; from the same.] A flowing 
 or rushing to a particular part, as blood 
 to the head. 
 
 Det-o-na'tion. [Detona'tio. o'nis ; 
 from det'ono, detona'tum, to “thunder.”] 
 Instantaneous combustion with loud ex- 
 plosion. See Fulmination. 
 
 Det'ra-liens.* [From det'raho, to 
 “draw away,” to “draw from.”] Draw- 
 ing away. 
 
 De-tri'tal. [Detri'tns: from det'ero, 
 detri’tum, to “wear away.”] Relating 
 to Detritus. 
 
 De-tri'tus.* [From the same.] The 
 waste substance formed by the action of 
 frost or rains on the sides of ruts, the 
 action of rivers on their banks, etc. 
 
 De-tru'sor, o'ris*’ TFrom detru'do, 
 detru’ sum, to “thrust down” or “force 
 out.”] Applied to the muscular coat of 
 the bladder, by the contractile power of 
 which the urine is expelled. 
 
 Botru'sor IJ-ri'nse.* (“ Expeller 
 of the Urine.”) The aggregate of the 
 muscular fibres of the bladder which 
 expel the urine. 
 
 161 
 
DEU 
 
 DIA 
 
 f>eii-ter-o-patli'ic. [Deutero* 
 
 ptt/h'ieus.] Belonging to deuteropathy. 
 
 l>eil-tei>op'a-tliy. [Beuteropa'- 
 
 JJlia; from Sevrepog, “ second/’ and naOog, 
 “disease.”] A sympathetic affection, or 
 one consequent upon another. 
 
 Deu-tox'Ide. [Beutox'ydum; 
 from Sevrepog, “ second,” and ox'ydum, an 
 “ oxide/’] A term applied to a substance 
 which is in the second degree of oxida- 
 tion. This term is often used to denote 
 a compound of three atoms of oxygen 
 with two of metal, as in deutoxide of 
 manganese, of lead, etc. 
 
 De-val'gate. [Devalga'tus; from 
 de, intensive, and val'gus, “ bow-legged/’] 
 Having bowed legs; bandy-legged. 
 
 De-vel'op-ment. (Fr. Developper, 
 to “unfold.”) The organic change from 
 the embryo state to maturity ; growth. 
 
 Be-vel-op-men'talh [Metaanor'pUai- 
 cns.] Belonging to, or connected with, 
 development. Applied to certain diseases. 
 
 Devonshire Colic. See Colica Pic- 
 ton um. 
 
 Hew. [Lat. It os. It o' r is : Fr. Rosee , 
 ro'z&'.] Moisture precipitated at night 
 from the atmosphere upon the surface 
 of bodies whose temperature has been 
 diminished by the absence of the sun. 
 Clouds prevent the fall of dew, because 
 the radiation of heat, by which bodies 
 become colder than the surrounding air, 
 does not take place to any great extent 
 unless the sky is clear. Though dew 
 may fall on a windy night, it is soon 
 absorbed by the fresh dry air continually 
 coming in contact with the moist surface 
 of bodies. 
 
 Bew'ber-ry. The common name 
 of the Rub us trivialis. 
 
 Dew 'berry Plant. The common 
 name of the Rubus csesius , or heath- 
 bramble. 
 
 Dewlap. See Palear Laxum. 
 
 I>ew 'point. The temperature of 
 the atmosphere at which the moisture 
 begins to condense and deposit itself as 
 dew. 
 
 Dex'trin. [Dextri'na.] Mucilagi- 
 nous starch, prepared by boiling a solu- 
 tion of starch with a few drops of sul- 
 phuric acid. Its name is derived from 
 its property of turning the plane of the 
 polarization of light to the right hand. 
 
 I>i. The same as Dis, which see. 
 
 Di'a, (Sid). A Greek particle signify- 
 ing “through,” “by means of,” and 
 sometimes “apart,” “between.” Words 
 compounded with Sid often imply sepa- 
 ration. 
 
 1G2 
 
 Dl-a-be'tes.* [From Sid, “through,” 
 and Saivoy, to “go.”] An immoderate 
 and morbid flow of urine. It is termed 
 insip'idus (“tasteless”) where the urine 
 retains its usual taste, and melli'tus 
 (“honeyed”) where the saccharine state 
 is the characteristic symptom. A genus 
 of the order Spasmi, class Neuroses , of 
 Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Di-a-bet'ic. [Diabet'icus.] Be- 
 longing to Diabetes. 
 
 Diabetic Sugar. See Glucose. 
 
 Dl-a-caus'tic. [Diac«au$'ticns; 
 
 from Siana'iix), to “burn.”] Applied to a 
 double convex lens used to cauterize 
 parts of the body. 
 
 Dl-a$'e-tate of Cop'per. JErvgo, 
 or verdigris. 
 
 Di-3,-chy'Ion.* [From<5m, “by means 
 of,” and xv^og, “juice.”] A name for- 
 merly given to plasters prepared from 
 expressed/a/ces, now applied to the Em - 
 pla8trum plumbi (Lond. Ph.), or Emplas- 
 trnm lithargyri (Ed. and Dub. Ph.). 
 
 Bi-a- co'di-iim.* [Frcm KuS'ia, a 
 “poppy-head.”] The old name of the 
 Syrvpus Papaveris , or syrup of poppies. 
 
 Di-ac'rS-sis.* [From StaKpivu), to 
 “distinguish.”] The distinguishing of 
 diseases by a consideration of their 
 symptoms. See Diagnosis. 
 
 Bi-a-del'phi-a.* [From dig, “twice,” 
 and aSfafog, a “brother.”] The seven- 
 teenth class of plants in Linnaeus’s sys- 
 tem, in which the filaments of the 
 stamens are united into two parcels or 
 brotherhoods. 
 
 Diaeresis,* dl-er'e-sis. [Gr. Staipecig; 
 from Siaipio), to “ take apart,” to “ divide.”] 
 A division of parts resulting from a 
 wound, ulcer, or burn, or the like: a 
 solution of continuity. 
 
 Diseretic, di-e-ret'ik. [Dneret'i- 
 cus; from the same.] Having power to 
 divide, dissolve, or corrode; escharoticj 
 corrosive. 
 
 Diaeta. See Diet. 
 
 Di-ag-no'sis.* [From Siayivuotao, to 
 “discern.”] The science of signs or 
 symptoms, by which one disease is dis- 
 tinguished from another. 
 
 Diagno'sis, Dif-fer-en'tial. The 
 determining of the distinguishing fea- 
 tures of a malady when nearly the sanio 
 symptoms belong to two different classes 
 of disease, as rheumatism and gout, etc. 
 
 Di-ag'o-nal. [ Diagona l!* : from 
 Sidj “through,” and y wvia, an “angle.”] 
 Applied to a right line drawn between 
 any two opposite angles of a four-sided 
 figure. 
 
DIA 
 
 DIA 
 
 IMagrydimn. Sec Scammony. 
 
 Di-a^gr^d'i-wn,* or Diagryd'ium 
 Cy-do-ni-a'tnm.^ One part of quince 
 juice and two parts of scammony; for- 
 merly used as a purgative. 
 
 J3)i-al'y-»es,' :s * the plural of Dialysis. 
 Solutions of continuity. An order of 
 the class Locales of Cullen's Nosology. 
 
 I>i-al'y-sis.* [From dtaXvo), to “ dis- 
 solve.”] Weakness of the limbs, as if 
 from a dissolving of their firmer parts. 
 Applied to analysis by liquid diffusion , 
 advantage being taken of the different 
 degrees of dilfusibility of different sub- 
 stances in solution to produce separation. 
 
 IDi-a-mag ' n et- ism. [D iama^'n e- 
 tis'amis.] A term employed by Fara- 
 day for a force or influence discovered 
 by him in magnetic bodies. 
 
 3>i •arn'e-tes’. [UMaBni'eter, or 1M- 
 am'etniH; from did , “through/’ and 
 t drpo'j , a “measure.”] A right line drawn 
 through the centre of a circle and termi- 
 nated on both sides by the circumference. 
 The central and shortest dimension of a 
 sphere or cylinder. 
 
 Di'a<mand. (Fr. Diamant, a cor- 
 ruption of Adamant, which see.) A 
 precious stone; the crystallized and 
 pure state of carbon; the hardest and 
 most brilliant of all substances. 
 
 IM-aai'«lrI-a.* [From dig, “ twice” or 
 “two,” and drnjp, avdpog, a “man” or 
 “ male.”] The name of a Linnman class 
 having flowers with two stamens. 
 
 Di-an'tSuis.* [From dig, “twice,” 
 and ouQog, a “flower.”] A Linncean 
 genus of the class Decandria , natural 
 order Cnryophyllaccse. 
 
 IHan'thus €ar-y-©-jp2iyl'laiis.* The 
 clove-pink, or clove-gilliflower. The 
 flowers of this plant are used for flavor- 
 ing syrup employed as a vehicle for 
 other medicines. 
 
 IMapeirdaceav* di-a-pen-she-a'- 
 she-e. [From Diapen'sia, one of the 
 genera.] A small natural order of ex- 
 ogenous under-shrubs, found in Europe 
 and North America. 
 
 IM-apIi'a-nous. [Gr. dtabajhg) from 
 did, “through,” and r/>aiVa>, to “shine.”] 
 Transparent; shining through. 
 
 3>I-a-j>!io-re'sis.* [From diafropcw, to 
 “carry through,” to “carry off.”] Lite- 
 rally, a “carrying off through [the 
 pores]” or by perspiration. A state of 
 perspiration. 
 
 I>I-a-pli©-ret'ic. [IMaplioret'i- 
 eus.] Applied to medicines having 
 power to produce diaphoresis. When 
 they are so powerful as to occasion 
 
 sweating, they have been called Suao - 
 
 rifics. 
 
 BMapEiras’inri, di'a-fram. [I>iar 
 pBirag*'ma, a tis ; from diaippdcao). to 
 “divide in the middle by a partition.”] 
 A large muscle separating the thorax 
 and abdomen : the midriff. 
 
 HM-a-plhiri^-mal'g’y. [IMapflirag- 
 ma&'gia; from diaphrag* win, the “dia- 
 phragm,” and d\yog, “pain.”] Pain in 
 the diaphragm. 
 
 UDi-a-pBa rag-nmat'ic. [ I^iapHa rag- 
 mat'icus.] Belonging to the dia- 
 phragm. 
 
 Dia2>5iragm.at'ic Gont. A term 
 
 applied to Angina Pectoris. 
 
 IDa-a-pifora{£-ma-ti'4is, idis.% [From 
 diaphrag'ma .] Inflammation of the 
 diaphragm. A term sometimes applied 
 to that variety of partial pleurisy in 
 which the effused fluid exists between 
 the base of the lung and the diaphragm. 
 
 Ifti-a-plara^-mat'o-^ele.* [From 
 diaphrag' nia, and a “tumor.”] 
 
 Hernia, or tumor, from some portion of 
 the viscera escaping through the dia- 
 phragm. 
 
 ©i-apla'y-sis,* plural I>i-apli'y-ses. 
 
 [From&a/aJaj, to “be produced between.”] 
 The cylindrical or prismatic shaft of the 
 long bones between the epiphyses. Also, 
 a fissure. 
 
 ©a-a-poplhi'y-sas.- [From did , “be- 
 tween,” and dnojivin, to “arise from.”] 
 Applied by Owen to the homologue of 
 the upper transverse process of a ver- 
 tebra. 
 
 SM-a'ri-us„* [From di'es , a “day.”] 
 Lasting one day ; ephemeral. 
 
 HDj-ar-rihce'a.'** [From did , “ through,” 
 and pzo, to “flow.”] A purging/loose- 
 ness, or too frequent passing of the 
 fasces. A genus of the order Spasmi , 
 class Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 ©ian’rluoe'a Car-aio'sa.* Dysentery 
 in which flesh-like portions are voided. 
 
 BMarrSnoe'a Ctiy-lo'sa.* The Ileac 
 passion. 
 
 Di-ar-thro'di-al. [IMartlkroclia'- 
 lis.] Belonging to Diarthrosis. 
 
 IM-ar-t3ar©'sis,* plural S>i-ar-tIiro'- 
 
 [From did, “through,” as implying 
 no impediment, and dpQpov, a “joint.”] 
 An articulation, permitting the bones to 
 move freely on each other in every direc- 
 tion, like the shoulder and hip joints. 
 
 IMary Fever. [Fe'foris IMa'ria.] 
 See Ephemera. 
 
 IM-as-c©r'di-um.* [From did , “by 
 means of,” and axopdiov, the “water ger- 
 mander.”] An electuary so named be- 
 1 63 
 
DIA 
 
 DIE 
 
 cause this plant forms one of the ingre- 
 dients. 
 
 IM-a-stal'tic. [IMastal'ticus ; from 
 
 did, and crsAAw, to “ contract” or “ dis- 
 pose.^] Applied by M. Hall to the reflex 
 action of the excito-motory system of 
 nerves, because performed through the 
 spinal marrow. 
 
 UMastal'tic Arc. Applied by M. 
 Hall to the course of the Vis nervosa , in 
 complete or uninterrupted reflex or dia- 
 staltic action. Also called Reflex arc. 
 
 IMastal'tic Ner'vous Sys'tem. 
 A term substituted by M. Hall for his 
 former one of the S])inal System. 
 
 B>i'a»s4ase. [From duarrjpi, to “set 
 apart,” to “ cause division or separation.”] 
 Literally, that which produces separation 
 or decomposition. A substance produced 
 during the germinating of seeds and 
 buds, having the property of converting 
 starch into sugar. 
 
 B>i-as'ta-sis.* [From the same.] A 
 forcible separation of bones without frac- 
 ture. 
 
 IM-a-ste'ma, a tis.% [From the same.] 
 A space or cleft. Applied in many terms 
 like the following. 
 
 Bi-as-tem-a-te-lyt'rS-a.* [From 
 
 diaste'ma , and zXvrpov, the “vagina.”] 
 A malformation consisting in a longi- 
 tudinal fissure of the vagina. 
 
 Di-as'to-le.* [From diaarrek Aco, to 
 “dilate.”] The dilatation of the heart, 
 by which, with its alternate contraction 
 (Systole), the circulation of the blood is 
 carried on. 
 
 Bi-a-tfoer'ma-iious. [From <5 taOsp- 
 paivu), to “warm through.”] A term 
 denoting free permeability to heat. 
 
 Bi-a^tlbier-imam'sis.* [From the 
 same.] The transit of the rays of heat. 
 
 IM-atEi' e-sis.* [From diaridripi, to 
 “arrange,” to “dispose.”] A particular 
 habit or disposition of the body; thus, 
 we say, “ an inflammatory diathesis,” i.e. 
 a habit or disposition of body peculiarly 
 susceptible to inflammatory diseases. 
 
 l)i-a-tliet'ic. Belonging to diathesis. 
 
 IMatomaeese,* di-a-to-ma'she-e. 
 [From Diat’oma , one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of cryptogamous plants, 
 found in still waters and oozy places. 
 The green mucous slime seen on stones 
 and walls which arc always damp con- 
 sists of these plants. 
 
 IDi-at'o-mous. [©iat'omus ; from 
 did, “through,” and t'z\> woj, to “cut.”] 
 Clcavablc throughout. Applied to 
 cleavage. 
 
 l>i-etilani-y d ' c-us.* 
 
 1G4 
 
 “twice” or “two,” and xAa/dk, a “short 
 cloak.”] Applied to plants in the flowers 
 of which there are two whorls. 
 
 Bi-eIiot'o>mous. [IHcBiot'omns ; 
 from di\a, “ double,” and rzpv to, to “cut.”] 
 Twice divided. A term applied to stems 
 or branches which bifurcate, or are con- 
 tinually divided into pairs. 
 
 Bi'-cSirodsm. [Diclirois'mus ; 
 from dig, “twice” or “two,” and *poa, 
 “color.”] The property by which some 
 minerals, when examined by transmitted 
 light, exhibit different colors, according 
 to the direction in which the rays of 
 light pass through them. 
 
 Bi-coc'cous. [Bicoc'cus ; from dig, 
 “twice” or “ two,” and k6kko$, a “berry.”] 
 Having two capsules united, one cell in' 
 each. 
 
 IM-cot-y-le'don,* plural Bi-cot-y- 
 le'cflo-iiies. [From dig, “twice” or “two,” 
 and KOTv\r]dx)v, a “cotyledon.”] One of a 
 class of plants having two cotyledons, 
 or seed-lobes. Applied to a Jussieuan 
 division of plants. 
 
 Bi-cot-yi-ed'o-nous. [Bicotyle'- 
 donus, Mcotyledo'neus: from the 
 same.] Belonging to the division of 
 plants termed Dicotyledones. 
 
 Bi-crte'us.* [From dig, “twice,” or 
 “two,” and spaas, a “head.”] Having 
 two heads; also, bifid; cloven. 
 
 Bi-crot'ic. [Bicrot'icus; from dig, 
 “twice,” and sporeoj, to “strike.”] Ap- 
 plied to the pulse when there is a re- 
 bounding like a double pulsation. 
 
 £>ic'ro-tous. [Dic'rotus.] The 
 same as Dicrotic, which see. 
 
 Bic-tam'niis.* [From Dic'te, a 
 mountain of Crete.] A genus of the class 
 Decandria , natural order Rutacese. 
 
 IMd'y-ini,* the plural of Didymus. 
 Applied to the testicles. 
 
 IH-dyin'I-tmi.* [From didvpo 
 “twin.”] The name of a metal recently 
 discovered united with oxide of cerium, 
 and so called from its being as it were 
 the twin brother of lantanium, which was 
 previously found in the same substance. 
 
 Bid'y*mus. :: [From bidvpog, “dou- 
 
 ble,” “twin.”] By two and two: did'- 
 ymous. As a noun it denotes the testis. 
 
 I>id-y-na'nii-a.* [From dig, “twice,” 
 or “twofold,” probably meaning “of 
 two kinds,” and dvvapig, “power.”] The 
 fourteenth class of Linnaeus’s system of 
 plants, characterized by the presence of 
 four stamens, of which two are long and 
 two short. 
 
 l>ieb. fk\t» = Die , bu8 alter' nis.* “On 
 alternate days.” 
 
 [From dig, 
 
DIE 
 
 DIG 
 
 Dieb. tert. = Die' bus ter'tiis .* “ Eve- 
 ry third day.” 
 
 Di'es.* A Latin word signifying 
 “ day.” It is often used in giving di- 
 rections for taking medicines. The cases 
 m )st used are the accusative singular, 
 Di'em, ablative singular, Di'e , nomina- 
 tive plural, Di'es , ablative plural, Die'- 
 bus. See Appendix. 
 
 Di'et. [Dise'ta; from diaira, “regi- 
 men.”] The food proper for invalids. La 
 Diete , 14 d£'et', as used by French phy- 
 sicians, signifies extreme abstinence. 
 
 Di'et Drink.. The Decoct. Sarsa- 
 parillse Comp, of the Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Di-e-tet'ic. [Dijetet'icus: from 
 6iatrd(x) f to “feed.”] Belonging to the 
 taking of proper food, or to diet. 
 
 Di-e-tet'ics. [Disetet'ica; from the 
 same.] The consideration (or science) of 
 regulating the food or diet. 
 
 Differential Diagnosis. See Diag- 
 nosis, Differential. 
 
 Differential Thermometer. See 
 Thermometer, Differential. 
 
 Difficulty of Breathings See 
 Dyspncea. 
 
 Dif-for'mis.* [From di for dis, 
 implying “difference,” and for'ma, 
 “shape.”] Of different shapes; irregu- 
 larly formed. 
 
 Dif-frac'tion. [Diffrac'tio, o 'nis ; 
 from dis, “apart” or “aside,” and fran'- 
 go, frac'tum, to “break.”] The breaking 
 of rays of light from their right course. 
 See Refraction. 
 
 Dif-fw'si-ble. [DifTusib'ilis ; from 
 diffnn'do, diffn'sum , to “ pour about,” to 
 “spread.”] That which may be spread 
 in all directions. 
 
 Dif-fu'sion Tube. An instrument 
 for determining the rite of diffusion for 
 different gases. It is simply a graduated 
 tube closed at one end by plaster of 
 Paris, a substance, when moderately 
 dry, possessed of the requisite porosity. 
 
 Diffu/sion Vol ume. A term used 
 to express the different dispositions or 
 tendencies of gases to interchange par- 
 ticles ; the diffusion volume of air being 
 1, that of hydrogen is 3.33. 
 
 Dif-fu'sus. :;: [From diffun'do, dif- 
 
 fu'snm , to “spread.”] Widely spread: 
 diffused. 
 
 Dig. == Digera'tur* “Let it be di- 
 gested.” 
 
 Di -gas ' t rie. [Digas'triees ; from 
 Sig, and yaarfip, a “belly.”] Having two 
 bellies : the name of a muscle attached 
 to the os hyoides ; it is sometimes called 
 biven'ter maxil'lse inferio'ris. The term 
 \b 
 
 is also applied to one of the interior 
 profundi of Meckel, given off by the 
 facial nerve ; the other is called the 
 stylo -hyoideus. 
 
 Digas'tric Groove. [See Digas- 
 tric.] A longitudinal depression of the 
 mastoid process, so called from its giving 
 attachment to the muscle of that name. 
 
 Dig'er-ens.* [From dig'ero, diges'- 
 tum , to “ digest.”] Digesting ; digestive. 
 Applied in the neuter plural ( Digerentia , 
 dij-e-ren'she-a) to medicines which pro- 
 mote the secretion of healthy pus. 
 
 Di-ges'ter. [From the same.] A 
 strong iron or copper kettle, with a 
 safety-valve, for subjecting bodies to 
 vapor at a high temperature and under 
 great pressure. 
 
 Di-ges'tion. [Diges'tio, o' nis; 
 from the same.] The slow action of 
 matters on each other, by subjection to 
 heat. The conversion of food into chyle 
 in the stomach. 
 
 Di-ges'tive. [Digesti'vus ; from 
 the same.] Belonging to digestion. Also 
 applied to substances which promote 
 suppuration ; as cerates, poultices, etc. 
 
 Diges tive Salt of Syl'vi-us. A 
 salt discovered by Sylvius, since named 
 muriate of potash, and now chloride of 
 potassium. 
 
 Digit. [From dig'itus, a “finger.”] 
 The twelfth part of the sun’s or moon’s 
 diameter, employed to denote the extent 
 of an eclipse. 
 
 Digital. See Digitalis. 
 
 Dig'it-a-lin,or Dig'It-a-line. [Dig- 
 itali'iia; from Digita'lis , the “fox- 
 glove.”] A substance erroneously sup- 
 posed to be the active principle of the 
 Digitalis purpurea. 
 
 Big-I-ta'lis.* [From dig'itus, a “fin- 
 ger.”] Belonging to a finger : dig'ital. 
 
 Bigita'lis.* [From digita'le, the 
 “ finger of a glove.”] Foxglove. A 
 Linnaean genus of the class Didynamia , 
 natural order Scrofulanacese. Also, the 
 Pharmacopoeia! name || of the recent and 
 dried leaves and stem of the Digitalis 
 purpurea. According to the U.S. Phar- 
 macopoeia, “The leaves of the D.p>urpu- 
 rea from plants of the second year’s 
 growth.” 
 
 Digitalis is narcotic, sedative, and 
 diuretic. It has a remarkable sedative 
 effect on the heart, reducing the force, 
 and especially the frequency, of the 
 pulse: hence it is frequently given to 
 moderate the action of the heart and 
 arteries in phthisis, and especially in 
 cases of haemorrhage. As a diuretic, it 
 165 
 
DIG 
 
 DIO 
 
 is sometimes found very useful in dropsy. 
 In large doses, it is poisonous, producing 
 vertigo, nausea, and vomiting, syncope, 
 convulsions, and death. For dose, see 
 Appendix. 
 
 Digita'lisPur-pu're-a.* The syste- 
 matic name of the plant called foxglove. 
 
 Dig-i-tate. [Digita'tus; from 
 dig'itus, a “finger.”] Having fingers. 
 Applied to the leaves of plants so di- 
 vided as to have the appearance of 
 fingers. 
 
 Big-i- ta ' t ©-Pin -na ' tus.* Ap pi i ed 
 
 to a digitated leaf having pinnated leaf- 
 lets. 
 
 Dig'I-ti,* gen. Dig-I-to'rum. The 
 
 plural of Digitus, which see. 
 
 Digit! Pe'dis,* gen Digito'rum 
 Pe dis. The plural of Digitus Pedis, 
 which see. 
 
 Dig'lt-i-form. [Digitifor'mis; 
 
 from dig'itus , a “finger, and for'ma , 
 “likeness.”] Formed like a finger. 
 
 Dig'it-i-gracle. [Bigitig'radus ; 
 from dig'itus, a “toe,” and gra'dus, a 
 “ step.”] Applied to carnivorous Mam- 
 mals, which when standing or walking 
 have the heel elevated. 
 
 Dig'I-tus,* plural Dig'I-ti. (Fr. 
 Doigt, dwa.) A finger (or a toe). The 
 fingers of the hand are the in'dex, or 
 fore-finger; the me' dins, or middle 
 finger; the annula'ris , or ring-finger; 
 and the auricula' ris, or little finger. 
 The bones of the fingers are called pha- 
 langes. See Phalanx, and Finger. 
 
 Dig'itus Ma'nus. $ (“ Finger of the 
 Hand.”) A finger. 
 
 Dig'itus Pe'dis.* (Literally, “Fin- 
 ger of the Foot.”) A toe. 
 
 Di-glos'sum.* [From dig, “double,” 
 and yXcjoaa, a “ tongue ;” because a small 
 leaf grows above the ordinary one, look- 
 ing like two tongues.] A Botanical 
 name of the Primus lauro-cerasus. 
 
 Di-gyn'I-a.* [See next article.] A 
 Linnsean order of plants having two 
 styles. 
 
 Di-gyn 'I-©us, or Dig'y-nous. [Di- 
 gyu'ius; from dig, “two,” and ywf\, a 
 “woman” or “female.”] Having two 
 styles. Applied to a Linnaoan order. 
 Sec Digynia. 
 
 Dal. = Dil'ue ,* “ dilute,” or Dilu'tus ,* 
 “diluted.” 
 
 Bil-a-ta'tlon. [Dilata'tio, o'nis; 
 from dila'to, dilata'tum , to “enlarge.”] 
 An enlargement or expansion, as of the 
 heart, etc. 
 
 Di-la-ta'tor, o'ri*.* [From the 
 same.] The same as Dilator, which see. 
 
 166 
 
 Di-lat'ed. [Dilata'tus: from the 
 same.] Enlarged. 
 
 Di-la' tor ;*'[ From di, “ apart,” and fe'- 
 ro, la’ turn, to “ carry.”] Literally, “ that 
 which carries or draws apart.” A term 
 applied to muscles whose office is to 
 dilate certain parts, such as the inspira- 
 tory muscles, which dilate or expand 
 the chest ; also, to instruments used for 
 dilating wounds, canals, etc. 
 
 Dill. The English name of the Ane'- 
 thum grav' eolcns. 
 
 Dilleniaceae,* dil-le-ne-a/she-e. 
 [From DiUe'uia, one of the genera.] A 
 natural order" of exogenous plants, 
 mostly trees, found in hot climates. 
 Some species of this order are remarkable 
 for the beauty of their flowers. Their 
 properties are generally astringent. 
 
 Diluc.= Diln' culoA* “At daybreak.” 
 
 Dil'u-ent. [Bil'ueus, en'tis ; from 
 dil'vo, diln'tvm , to “dilute.”] (Fr. De- 
 layant, djPl&'yoN 0 '.) Applied to sub- 
 stances that increase the fluidity of the 
 blood. 
 
 Bi-liit'cd. [Dilu'tus: from the 
 same.] Mixed. 
 
 Di-lu'vl-al. [Dilu via'lis : from di- 
 lu'vium, a “flood.”] Belonging to a 
 flood, or to the Deluge. 
 
 Dim. = Dimid'ius.% “ One-half.” 
 
 Dim'e-rous. [From tig, “two,” and 
 fxcpo;, a “part.”] Having two parts in 
 each whorl. See Trimerous. 
 
 Di-mi (l'i-ate. [Dimadia'tus; from 
 dimid’ius , the “ half.”] Divided into two. 
 
 Dimness of Sight. See Calig.o. 
 
 Di-mor ph ism. [ Di morph is 
 
 mus; from dig, “twice,” or “two,” and 
 l*oppfi, a “form.”] The property of many 
 solid bodies to assume two distinct crys- 
 talline forms; as sulphur, carbon, etc. 
 
 Di-mor'phous. [From ihe same.] 
 Having two forms. See Dimorphism. 
 
 Dim-y-a'ri-a.* [From dig, “twice” 
 or “ two,” and pvg, fxvog, a “ muscle.”] 
 An order of bivalve Mollusks having 
 shells marked by two impressions or 
 indentations for the attachment of mus- 
 cles. 
 
 Diu'i-cal. [Bin'ioiis ; from divog, 
 “giddiness.”] Belonging to giddiness. 
 Applied to medicines that remove giddi- 
 ness. 
 
 Di'nus.* [Gr. divog; from divti ito, to 
 “whirl round.”] Vertigo ; dizziness; 
 giddiness. 
 
 Di-o-ilon-^oph'a-louM. [Dioclon- 
 
 coph'alus; from dig, “twice,” “double,” 
 dduvg, a “tooth,” and Ke<pa\n, a “ head.”] 
 A monster with double rows of teeth. 
 
DIO 
 
 DIP 
 
 Dioecia,* di-e'she-a. The name of a 
 Linniean class ot plants having dioecious 
 flowers. See Dioecious. 
 
 Dioecious, di-e'shus. [Dine'cius; 
 from *ig, “twice’' or “two,” and diKia, a 
 “ house” or “ habitation.”] Literally, 
 “ having two houses,” because the male 
 and female, instead of forming one 
 family, occupy separate habitations. A 
 term applied by Linnaeus to plants 
 having male flowers on one and female 
 flowers on another plant of the same 
 species. 
 
 DI-»£'en-es’ Cup. A name applied 
 to the cup-like cavity of the hand formed 
 or occasioned by bending the metacar- 
 pal bone of the little finger,* so called 
 because Diogenes is said to have thrown 
 away his drinking-cup and used only his 
 hand, for the sake of greater simplicity. 
 
 Di-op'tra.* [From foonropai, to “see 
 through.”] An instrument for measuring 
 the height and distance of objects. 
 
 Di-op' trie, Di-op tric-al. [Diop'- 
 tricus; from the same.] Belonging to 
 Dioptrics. 
 
 Di-op'trics. [Diop'trica; from 
 the same.] The branch of Optics which 
 treats of refracted light, as contradis- 
 tinguished from Catoptrics, which treats 
 of reflected light. 
 
 Di-or-tiio'sis.* [From dtopOoco, to 
 “regulate.”] The restoration of parts 
 to their proper situation ; one of the 
 an dent divisions of surgery. 
 
 Dioscorea. See Yam. 
 
 Dioscoreaceae,* de-os-ko-re-a'she-e, 
 or Di-os-co're-ae.* A natural order 
 of endogenous plants, found in the 
 tropics. It includes the Dioscorea 
 (Yam), the farinaceous tuber of which 
 forms an important article of food. 
 
 Di-os' ma.* [From A tog, “of Jove,” 
 and drp b an “ odor,” the compound signi- 
 fying “divine odor or fragrance.”] A 
 Linnaean genus of the class Pentandria , 
 natural order Rntacese. The former 
 Ph irmacopoeial name (Lond. Ph., 1836) 
 of Btichu leaves ; but (Lond. Ph., 1851) 
 said to be from the Barosma crenata , B. 
 crenulata , and B. serratifolia. 
 
 RioVma Cre-na'ta.* The plant 
 the leaves of which were called buchu. 
 
 Di-os'snp-se.* The former name of 
 a tribe of dicotyledonous plants. See 
 Butacea:. 
 
 Di-os 'py-ros.* [From A iog, “of 
 Jove,” and py'rus, a “pear-tree.”] The 
 persimmon ; the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) of the unripe fruit of the 
 Dios' pyr os Virginia' na. 
 
 Da-ox’ide. [From tig, “twice” ot 
 “two,” and ox'idc.] According to the 
 electro-chemical theory, the elements of 
 a compound may in relation to each 
 other be considered oppositely electric ; 
 the equivalents of the negative element 
 may then be distinguished by Latin 
 numerals, those of the positive by Greek : 
 thus, a bin- oxide denotes a compound 
 which contains two equivalents of the 
 negative element oxygen, whereas a di- 
 oxide indicates that one equivalent of 
 oxygen is combined with two of some 
 positive body. And so of the 6t-chlo- 
 ride, di-chloride, etc. 
 
 Di-pet'a-lous. [Dipet'alus ; from 
 dig, “twice” or “two,” and ncraXov, a 
 “ petal.”] Having two petals. 
 
 Dipli-tlie'rl-a.* [From Si^Oepa, 
 “skin,” “leather,” or “membrane.”] 
 Inflammatory disease of the throat and 
 glands, in which false membranes are 
 formed. 
 
 Dipli-the-ri'tis, i dis* [From the 
 same.] A variety of Pharyngitis, in 
 which a false membrane is formed, and 
 for which the word Diphtheria has of 
 late been very generally substituted. 
 
 Di-pJiyl'loiis. [Diphyl'lus; from 
 Pig, “twice” or “two,” and ipvWov, a 
 “leaf.”] Having two leaves. 
 
 Dip'lo-Car'clI-ac. [From 6vn\oog, 
 “double,” and Kapdia, a “heart.”] Hav- 
 ing a double heart, pulmonic and sys- 
 temic, like mammals and birds. 
 
 Dip'lo-e.* [From dinXow, to “dou- 
 ble.”] The cellular osseous tissue be- 
 tween the two tables of the skull. 
 
 Dip'lo-GaBig-li-a'ta.* [From dnr- 
 \oog, “double,” and yayy\io'>, a “ nerve- 
 knot.”] A term applied by Dr. Grant 
 to the third sub-kingdom of animals, or 
 Entomnida, consisting chiefly of articu- 
 lated animals with articulated members, 
 the Insects of Linnaeus, having their ner- 
 vous columns arranged in the same 
 relative position as the diplo-neura, with 
 the ganglia increased in size, correspond- 
 ing to their higher development. See 
 Insects. 
 
 Di-plo'ma, at is* [From Snr\6oj, to 
 “fold,” to “double.”] Literally, a “fold- 
 ing” or “doubling,” “something dou- 
 bled.” A double vessel ; a water-bath. 
 The charter (original^ a folded letter) 
 by which the physician or surgeon is 
 declared qualified to practise his profes- 
 sion. Also, a certificate of graduation 
 given to every one who has successfully 
 passed through a university or collegiate 
 course. 
 
 167 
 
DIP 
 
 DIS 
 
 ©ip-lo-Bny-e'li-a.* [From 6m\6og, 
 * double,” and /xufA-k, 4 marrow.”] Con- 
 genital division of the spinal marrow 
 lengthwise. 
 
 ©ip'lo-Xefi'ra.* A term applied by 
 Dr. Grant to the second sub-kingdom 
 of animals, or Helminthoicla , comprising 
 the various forms of worms in which 
 the nervous columns have their gang- 
 lionic enlargements very slightly de- 
 veloped, and are marked by a greater 
 lateral separation from each other along 
 the median line than is observed in the 
 Diplo-Gangliata. 
 
 ©ip-lo'pi-a.* [From dnr\oog, “ dou- 
 ble,” and o-KTOixai, to “ see.”] An affection 
 consisting in double vision : dip'lopy. 
 
 Bip-Iop'ter-ous. [Biplop'terus ; 
 from dnrXoog, “ double,” and nre^v, a 
 “wing.”] Applied to insects having 
 doubled or folded wings. 
 
 ©ip'peFs Oil. An animal oil pro- 
 cured by the destructive distillation of 
 animal matter, especially of albuminous 
 and gelatinous substances. 
 
 ©ipsacacese,* dip-sa-ka'she-e, or 
 ©ipsacese,* dip-sa'she-e. A natural 
 order of herbaceous plants, including 
 Dip' sa chs (Teasel), used by fullers. 
 
 ©ip'sa-cus.* [From diipa, “thirst.”] 
 A name formerly given to diabetes, from 
 the thirst accompanying that affection. 
 
 ©ip-so'sis.* [From 6fya, “ thirst.”] 
 Morbid thirst; excessive or impaired 
 desire to drink. 
 
 ©ip'ter-a.* An order of insects. 
 See Dipterus. 
 
 ©ipteracese,* dip-ter-a'she-e. [From 
 Dipterocar' pus, one of the genera.] A 
 natural order consisting mostly of gi- 
 gantic trees, found in India, and abound- 
 ing in resinous juice. It includes the* 
 Dryobalanops camphora , which yields 
 the hard camphor of Sumatra. A spe- 
 cies of this order produces the Saul , or 
 Saly the best and most extensively used 
 timber of India. 
 
 ©ipterocarpea*. See Dipterace^:. 
 
 ©ip'ter-us.* [From Sig, “twice” or 
 “two,” and irrzpov, a “wing.”] Having 
 two wings : dip'terous. Applied in the 
 plural neuter ( Dip'tera ) to an order of 
 two-winged insects, such as the common 
 fly, mosquito, etc. 
 
 ©i-rec'tor, ©'r /».* [From dir'irjo, 
 diredtum, to “guide.”] A grooved in- 
 strument for guiding a bistoury, etc., in 
 certain surgical operations. 
 
 ©Ir'I-fcens.* [From the same.] An 
 ancient constituent in a prescription, 
 meaning that which directs the opera- 
 168 
 
 tion of the associated substances- thus, 
 nitre in conjunction with squill is diu- 
 retic; with guaiacum it is diaphoretic. 
 
 I>ir. ©rop. = Directio'ne Pro'pria * 
 “With a proper direction.” 
 
 BirPEatiiig. See Chthonophagia. 
 ©is, or ©i. A Latin particle usually 
 signifying “apart,” implying separation 
 or division, as in divellent. It is some- 
 times negative or privative, as in dis- 
 please (Lat. displi'ceo). 
 
 ©is'^i-loriii. [©iscifor'mis; from 
 dis'eus, a “disk.”] Resembling a disk ; 
 discoid. 
 
 ©is'coid. [©iscoi'des; from dkoj, 
 a “quoit,” and eU og, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling a quoit, or disk; quoit-shaped: 
 disciform. 
 
 ©iseus. See Disk. 
 
 ©ss-cuss'. [From discu'tio, discus'- 
 sum , literally, to “ strike apart ;” hence, 
 to “scatter,” to “dissipate.”] To pro- 
 mote or effect the resolution of tumors, 
 etc. 
 
 ©iscutient, dis-ku'shent. [©iscu'- 
 tiens; from the same.] Applied to 
 substances having the property of pro- 
 moting the resolution of tumors. 
 
 ©is-ease'. [From the French des , 
 negative, and aise, “ease.” Lat. Mor'- 
 bus; Fr. Maladie y mii'l&'d&'.] Any de- 
 parture from the state of health. 
 
 ©is-im-fect'ants. [From dis, nega- 
 tive, and inji'cio , in fee' turn, to “corrupt,” 
 to “infect.”] Applied to agents which 
 destroy the causes of infection. Among 
 these agents, chlorine is one of the most 
 efficient. 
 
 ©is-in-fect'liig’. [Disinfi'ciens; 
 
 from the same.] Purifying the atmo- 
 sphere from contagious influences. 
 
 ©is-in-fec'tion. [©isinfec'tio, 
 o'nis ; from the same.] The act of puri- 
 fying the atmosphere from contagious 
 influences by renewing the air, or by 
 chemical action. 
 
 ©isk. [©is'ens; from fooKog, a 
 “quoit.”] The round, central part of a 
 compound flower; also, the whole sur- 
 face within the margin of a leaf. 
 
 ©is-lo-ca/tloii. [©isloca'tio,o'ni«/ 
 from dis, “ division,” and lo'eo , to 
 “place.”] Displacement of a bone of a 
 movable articulation from its natural 
 situation; luxation. 
 
 ©ispcBisairc. See Dispensary, and 
 Dispensatory. 
 
 ©is-poBi'sa-rjf. [Lat. ©ispensa'- 
 
 riiim: Fr. Dispeusnire, d&'spoNo'saiR' ; 
 from dispen'so , dispensn'tum, to “dis- 
 pense,” to “distribute.”] A place whero 
 
DIS 
 
 DIV 
 
 medicines are prepared and dispensed. 
 Generally applied to a charitable insti- 
 tution for the sick poor of large com- 
 munities. 
 
 Dim-pen sa-to-ry. [Lat. Dispensa- 
 to'riuin; Fr. Dispensaire , d£'sp6N a 'saiit' ; 
 from the same.] A book which describes 
 the various articles of the Materia Me- 
 dica and gives directions for preparing 
 and compounding medicines. 
 
 Dis-place'ment. A process applied 
 to pharmaceutical preparations, and 
 founded on the long-known fact that 
 any quantity of liquid with which a 
 powder may be saturated, when put into 
 a proper apparatus, may be displaced 
 by an additional quantity of that or of 
 another liquid. 
 
 Dis-sect'ed. [Dissec'tus. See Dis- 
 section.] Incised; cut. 
 
 Dis-sec'tiou. [Dissec'tio, o'nis ; 
 from dis, “ apart,” and se'co, sec' turn, to 
 “cut.”] The cutting up of an animal or 
 vegetable in order to ascertain its struc- 
 ture. 
 
 Dl-sper'ma-tous, or Di-sper'- 
 moas. [Disper'matus; from dig, 
 “twice” or “two,” and anzpfia, a “seed.”] 
 Having two seeds. 
 
 Dis-sep'I-ment. [Dissepianen'- 
 tuan; from disse'pio , to “separate.”] A 
 separation, or partition, that divides the 
 cells of a capsule. 
 
 Disten tion. [Disten'tio; from 
 dis, “apart,” and tea’ do, ten' turn or 
 ten' sum, to “stretch.”] The dilatation 
 of a hollow viscus by too great accumu- 
 lation of its contents. 
 
 Distich 1-a,^ Dis-ti-elii'a-sis.* 
 [From dig, “twice” or “two,” and ari\o;, 
 a “row.”] An affection in which the 
 tarsus has a double row of eyelashes, 
 one inwards against the eye, the other 
 outwards. 
 
 Dim'ti-elious. [Dls'ticlms; from 
 the same.] Double ranked; ranged in 
 two rows, like the leaves of certain 
 grasses. 
 
 Distillatio per Descensum. See 
 
 Descensus. 
 
 Dis-til-la'tion. rSMstillatio, or, 
 
 more correctly, Destilla'tio; from dis - 
 til'lo, distilla' turn , to “ drop by little and 
 little,” or destiVlo, destilla' turn, to “drop 
 down” or “fall in drops.”] The process 
 of separating the volatile from the more 
 fixed parts by heat. 
 
 Dist ilia 't ion, De-st rnc'tive. The 
 decomposition of bodies by strong heat 
 in one vessel, and collection of the pro- 
 ducts in another. 
 
 15 * 
 
 Dis'to-ma Ile-pat'i-ciim.* [From 
 
 dig, “twice” or “two,” aropa, a “mouth,” 
 and riTrartKog, “belonging to the liver.”] 
 The fluke (Fr. Douce, doov), a worm 
 sometimes found in the liver and gall- 
 bladder of man, but more commonly in 
 those of sheep, goats, etc. It is an ob- 
 ovate flat worm, nearly an inch in length 
 and about the third of an inch broad. 
 From the gall-bladder it occasionally 
 passes into the intestinal canal. 
 
 Dis-tor'tion. [Distorlio, o'nis; 
 from dis, “apart” or “awry,” and tor' - 
 queo, tor' turn, to “twist.”] Unnatural 
 direction or disposition of parts, as cur- 
 vature of the spine, etc. 
 
 Dis-tor'tor.* [From the same.] That 
 which distorts. See next article. 
 
 Distor'tor O'ris.* (“Distorter of 
 the Mouth.”) A name given to one of 
 the zygomatic muscles, from its action in 
 distorting the mouth in rage, grinning, 
 etc. 
 
 I)is-tri€li'i-a. The same as Dis- 
 
 TICHIA. 
 
 Dis'trix.* [From dig, “twice.” or 
 “double,” and 0pi'£, the “hair.”] Forky 
 hair; a disease of the hair in which it 
 splits at the end. 
 
 Di-u-re'sis.* [From did, “ through,” 
 and ovptoi, to “pass water.”] Increased 
 discharge of urine, from whatever cause. 
 
 Di-u-ret'ic. [Diuret'icus ; from 
 the same.] Belonging to diuresis ; caus- 
 ing diuresis. 
 
 Di-ur'nal. [Dinr'nus; from dies, 
 a “day.”] Belonging to the daytime. 
 Applied to a family of rapacious birds 
 which fly chiefly by day, to distinguish 
 them from others, such as owls, that fly 
 by night. Also applied to a family of 
 insects. 
 
 Di-ur-na'tion. [From diur'nus, 
 “ daily.”] A term introduced by M. Hall 
 to express the state of some animals, 
 the bat, for example, during the day, 
 contrasted with their activity at night. 
 
 Div« = Div’ide * “ Divide.” 
 
 Di-var'i-cate. [Divarica'tus; from 
 diear’ ieo, divarica'tum, to “stride” or 
 “straddle.”] Straddling; diverging at 
 an obtuse angle. 
 
 DI-var-i-ca'tioii. [From the same.] 
 The bifurcation, or separating into two, 
 of an artery, a nerve, etc 
 
 Di-vel'Ient. [Divel'leais; from d is, 
 “apart,” and vel'lo, vul'sum, to “pluck,” 
 to “pull.”] Pulling asunder, or sepa r 
 rating. 
 
 Divelleait Affinity. See Affinity, 
 Divellent. 
 
 169 
 
DIV 
 
 DOR 
 
 Di-ver-si-fto'rus.* [From diver'sus, 
 “different,” and flos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing different flowers: diversiflo'rate. 
 
 Bi-ver-tic'u-lum.* [From diver'to, 
 to “turn aside.”] A variation or de- 
 parture from the natural conditions; a 
 malformation. 
 
 Di-vul'sion, or Divulsio,* di-vul'- 
 she-o. [See Divellent.] Applied in 
 Surgery to the forcible separation or 
 laceration of a part. 
 
 Dizziness. See Dinus, and V ertigo. 
 
 Bobereiner’s (do'be-ri'nerz) Lamp. 
 A method of producing an instantaneous 
 light by throwing a jet of hydrogen gas 
 upon recently prepared spongy platinum; 
 the metal instantly becomes red-hot, and 
 then sets fire to the gas. This discovery 
 was made by Professor Dobereiner, of 
 Jena, in 1824. 
 
 Do?*i-ma'si-a.® [From doKipd^a), to 
 “test,” to “examine,” to “prove.”] 
 Dog'imacy. The art of examining fos- 
 sils or metals to ascertain their compo- 
 sition. 
 
 Docinma'sia Pnl-mo'nnm,* or 
 Docmna'sia Pail-mo-iia'lis.* (“Test- 
 ing of the Lungs.”) In Medical Juris- 
 prudence, the testing of the lungs of a 
 dead new-born child, in order to ascer- 
 tain whether it has ever respired; in 
 other words, whether it was born alive 
 or dead. 
 
 B©C-i-mas'tic. [Boeimas'ticiis.] 
 
 Belonging to Docimasia. 
 
 Doeimas'tic Art. The art of assay- 
 ing. 
 
 Bock, Sour. The Ru'mex aceto'sa. 
 
 Dock, Wa ter. The common name 
 for the Rumex hydrolapathum. 
 
 Boc'tor, o'ri*.* [From do'ceo , doc'- 
 tum, to “teach.”] Literally, a “teacher” 
 or “instructor.” A degree or title con- 
 ferred by the Medical Faculty of a uni- 
 versity, or college, on “those who have 
 successfully undergone previous examina- 
 tion and trial,” constituting them physi- 
 cians; also, a title conferred on those 
 who have received the highest degree in 
 law or divinity. The appellation origi- 
 nally implied that he who bore it was so 
 thoroughly conversant with his art or 
 profession as to be qualified to teach it. 
 
 l)o*(lec'a-gon. [Dodecagonum ; 
 from J dcca", “twelve,” and y<ovta, an 
 “angle.”] A figure having twelve sides 
 and angles. 
 
 Do-dcc-ag'o-nal. [Dodecago'nus.] 
 
 Belonging to a dodecagon. 
 
 Dodec-a-he'dral. [Dodecahe'- 
 drus.] Belonging to a dodecahedron. 
 170 
 
 Do'<lec-a-he'dron. [From 
 
 and edpa, a “base.”] A solid figure of 
 twelve equal bases or sides. 
 
 l)o-de-can'dri-a. i; [From cuiStKa, 
 “twelve,” and avi\p, a “man” or “male.”] 
 The eleventh class of plants in the 
 Linnsean system, characterized by the 
 presence of from twelve to nineteen 
 stamens. 
 
 Bo-de-can 'dri-otis. [Bodecan'- 
 
 drius; from io'daca, and avnp, drdpog, a 
 “man” or “male.”] Having twelve 
 stamens. See Dodecandria. 
 
 Bog-Hose. The Rosa canina , or hip- 
 tree. 
 
 Bo-lab'ri-form. [Bolabrifor'- 
 
 mis; from dolab'ra , a “hatchet” or 
 “axe.”] Having the form of a hatchet. 
 
 Do'li Ca'pax.* (“Capable of De- 
 ceit.”) Applied in Medical Jurispru- 
 dence to a criminal for whom insanity is 
 pleaded in excuse, when inquiry is made 
 as to his mental capacity when the crime 
 was committed. 
 
 Dol'i-cbos.* [Gr. 6o\ix6s, “long.”] 
 A Linnsean genus of the class Diadel- 
 phia , natural order Leguminosse. 
 
 Dol'iclios Pru'ri-ens. ;i: (“Itching 
 Dolichos.”) The cowhage, or cow-itch, 
 now called Mucu’na pru’riens. 
 
 Dol'o-mite. A species of magnesian 
 limestone. 
 
 Bo'lor,* plural Do-lo'reS. [From 
 do'leo, to “be in pain,” to “ache;” Fr. 
 Douleur , doo'luR'.] Pain. 
 
 Dolor Cap'I-tis.* (“Pain of the 
 Head.”) See Cephalalgia. 
 
 Bo'lor Den (“Pain of the 
 
 Teeth.”) See Odontalgia. 
 
 Bo'lor Fa-cle'i.* (“ Pain of the 
 Face.”) See Neuralgia. 
 
 Dom-bey'a Ex-^el'sa.* A tree grow- 
 ing in South America, and yielding the 
 glutinous, milk-like fluid known as Dom- 
 beya Turpentine. 
 
 Do-re'ma, at is* [Gr. 6dpr,ya, a 
 “gift.”] A Linnsean genus of the class 
 Pentandria, natural order Umbelliferse. 
 
 Bore'nia Am-mo-ni'a-cum.* The 
 
 systematic name of the plant which pro- 
 duces Ammoniacnm : gum-ammoniac. 
 
 Do-ron'I-cum Moii-ta'mini.* An- 
 other name for Arnica Montana. 
 
 Dor'sad. Dorsal (used adverbially). 
 
 Dorsal. [Dorsalis: from dor' sum, 
 the “back.”] Belonging to the back. 
 Applied by Dr. Barclay as meuning “to- 
 wards the back.” 
 
 Dor's!,* the genitive of Dorsum, 
 which see. 
 
 Dor sl-brancli-i-atus.* [From 
 
DOR 
 
 DRI 
 
 dor' sum , the “ back,” and bran'chiae, 
 “lungs.”] Dorsibran'chiate. Applied in 
 the plural neuter (Dorsibranchia'ta) to 
 an order of Articulata having branchiae 
 equally distributed along the body. 
 
 Dar'so-. A prefix denoting connec- 
 tion with the back; as, Dor’ so- Coital, 
 having connection with the back and 
 ribs. 
 
 Bor-ste'ni-a.* A genus of urtica- 
 ceous plants, in which the flowers are 
 arranged upon a fleshy receptacle, usu- 
 ally flat and of a very variable form. 
 
 Dor'sinn, ;i: gen. !>or'si. [Gr. vwrog ; 
 Fr. Dos, do.] The back of man or beast. 
 The superior surface of other parts, as of 
 the foot, hand, etc. 
 
 Bose. [Do'sis; from <3 i'<3o>/h, to “give.”] 
 Literally, “any thing given” or “admin- 
 istered.” The determinate quantity of a 
 medicine prescribed or given to patients 
 at one time. It is obvious that the same 
 quantity of any medicine should not bo 
 given to an infant as to an adult. The 
 difference of sex, peculiarities of consti- 
 tution, and the previous habits of the 
 patient must also be taken into consider- 
 ation by the judicious physician. It 
 may be stated, in a general way, that 
 the dose for an infant one year old 
 should not be more than about one- 
 twelfth part of a do3e for a grown per- 
 son; for a child three years of age, one- 
 sixth; for one seven years old, one- 
 third; and for one of twelve years, one- 
 half as much as for an adult. Women 
 usually require smaller doses of medicine 
 than men. For a table of doses, see 
 Appendix. 
 
 Das'sil. A small roll or pledget of 
 lint for introduction into wounds, etc. 
 
 Botli-iii-eii-ter-i'tis,* or, more pro- 
 perly, Bd-tlii-en-en-ter-i'tis.* [From 
 6o3tris, a “boil,” and evnpjv, an “intes- 
 tine.”] Enlargement and inflammation 
 of the glandular follicles of the intestinal 
 canal. 
 
 Ba&Vler. An instrument used in 
 electrical experiments, and so contrived 
 that, by executing certain movements, 
 very small quantities of electricity com- 
 municated to part of the apparatus, may 
 be continually doubled until it becomes 
 perceptible by means of an electroscope. 
 
 Douce-Amdre, dooss &'meu'. [From 
 doux, “sweet,” and amer, “bitter.”] The 
 French for Dulcamara, which see. 
 
 Douctie (Fr.), doosh. Literally, a 
 “ pumping, as at the bath.” The sudden 
 descent of a stream or column of water, 
 usually cold, on the head, or other part. 
 
 The douche is often found to be an ex- 
 cellent means of taming a furious ma- 
 niac. 
 
 Bouleur. See Dolor. 
 
 Douve, doov. The French name 
 for the Fluke, an intestinal worm. See 
 Distoma Hepaticum. 
 
 Bo'ver’s Pow der. The Pulvis Ipe - 
 cacuanhse compositus. 
 
 Bove'tail Joint. The suture of 
 serrated articulation, as of the bones of 
 the head. 
 
 Drach. = Drach'ma .* A “drachm.” 
 
 dram. [Bracli'ma; from 
 dpaxfin, a Greek weight of about sixty- 
 six grains avoirdupois.] In Pharmacy, 
 a weight of sixty grains, or three scru- 
 ples, or the eighlh part of an ounce. 
 
 I>ra$'ine. [From dra'co, a “dragon.”] 
 A precipitate formed by mixing cold 
 water with a concentrated alcoholic 
 solution of dragon’s blood. 
 
 I>raconiiiini, i: dra-kon'she-um. A 
 genus of plants of the Linnaean class 
 Tetrandria, natural order Aracese. Also, 
 the Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph.) of 
 the root of the Dracontium feetidum. It 
 is stimulant, antispasmodic, and nar- 
 cotic ; and it has been highly recom- 
 mended in asthma. 
 
 BracoEi'tium Foet'ldum* (fet'e- 
 dum). The systematic name of the 
 skunk-cabbage, a plant growing abun- 
 dantly in many parts of the Northern 
 and Middle United States. See preced- 
 ing article. 
 
 Bra-cuatc'ii-lus.* [Diminutive of 
 dra'co, a “dragon;” Gr. SpaKun/.] The 
 Guinea-Worm, which breeds under the 
 skin, and is common among the natives 
 of Guinea. It is also termed the Dra- 
 cunculus gordius. See Guinea- Worm. 
 
 Dra-gaii'tin, or Dra-gan'tine. A 
 mucilage obtained from gum traga- 
 canth. 
 
 Brag-'on’s Blood. [San'g-uis Bra- 
 co'ois.] The dark, concrete, resinous 
 substance obtained from the Calamus 
 Potang, or, according to some writers, 
 the Dracaena draco, Pterocarpus draco, 
 and the Pterocarpus santalinus, etc. 
 
 Dras'tic. [Bras'ticws; from ^pacn- 
 Kog, “working,” “active,” “efficacious.”] 
 A term applied to purgative medicines 
 which are powerful or violent in their 
 operation. 
 
 Braug’Sit, draft. [Maus'tus.] A 
 
 potion, or what a person drinks at once. 
 
 A form of medicine used 
 in farriery, analogous to a draught. 
 
 Dri'mys.^ [From ^pip-vg, “pungent.”] 
 171 
 
DRI 
 
 DUC 
 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Dodecan- 
 dria, natural order Ifagno/iacese. 
 
 Biri'inys Win-te'ri,* called also 
 Dri'mys Ar-o-mati-ca.^ The sys- 
 tematic name of the tree which produces 
 the Winter’s bark. See Wintera. 
 
 Briv'el-ling-. Involuntary flow of 
 the saliva, as in old age, infancy, and 
 idiocy; slavering. 
 
 Broit, dRwa (“ right,” or “ straight”). 
 The French term for Rectus, applied to 
 various muscles of the body. 
 
 l>ro3>. [Gut'ta.] The smallest quan- 
 tity of a liquid. See Minim. 
 
 Br©j>, Serene. See Gutta Serena. 
 
 Brop'sy- [Lat. Hy'drojis; Gr. 
 vdpanp, from vdcjp, “water.”J The disease 
 Hydrops , variously distinguished accord- 
 ing to the part affected. 
 
 Bropsy of ttie Belly. See As- 
 cites. 
 
 Dropsy of tbe Brain. See Hy- 
 drocephalus. 
 
 Bropsy of tlie Chest. See Hydro- 
 thorax. 
 
 Bropsy of the Flesh. See Ana- 
 sarca. 
 
 Bropsy of the Joint. See Hydrops 
 Articuli. 
 
 Bropsy of the Spine. See Hydro- 
 rachitis. 
 
 Bropsy of the Testicle. See Hy- 
 drocele. 
 
 Bropsy of the Fterns. See Hy- 
 
 drometra. 
 
 Broseracete,* dros-er-a'she-e. [From 
 Dros'era, one of the genera.] Sun- 
 dews. A natural order of exogenous 
 herbaceous plants, found in nearly all 
 parts of the world where there are 
 marshes. It includes the Dionea (Fly- 
 Catcher), remarkable for the irritability 
 of the hairs with which its leaves are 
 bordered. 
 
 Browning-. See Submersio. 
 
 Browsiness. See Lethargy, Som- 
 nolentia. 
 
 Drug. (Fr. Drogue , drog.) [Pro- 
 bably from the Anglo-Saxon Drugan, to 
 “dry,” or from essentially the same root 
 in some cognate language, as a large 
 majority of drugs are vegetable sub- 
 stances that have been dried in order to 
 preserve them.] A term originally, and 
 still most frequently, applied to medi- 
 cines in their simple form, but also used 
 to include all substances which arc em- 
 ployed as medicines. 
 
 Bruin of tlie Ear. See Tympanum. 
 
 Briiiikcnncss. See Temulentia. 
 
 Brupaceic, :;: dru-pa'she-e. [See next 
 
 172 
 
 article.] A natural order of exogenous 
 trees and shrubs, found in cold and 
 temperate climates, including the peach, 
 plum, almond, and cherry. Prussic or 
 hydrocyanic acid abounds in the leaves 
 and kernels of the fruit. 
 
 Bru-pa/ceous. [Brnpa'ceus; from 
 dm' pa, a “ drupe.”] Having drupes. See 
 Drupace^e. 
 
 Drupe. [Bru'pa; from ipvima, a 
 “ripe olive.”] A fleshy fruit containing 
 a stone or nut, as the cherry, etc. 
 
 Dru'sy. Applied in Mineralogy to 
 a surface coated with a number of minute 
 crystals. 
 
 Bry Belly-Ache. The Colica Pic- 
 tomim. 
 
 Bry Cup'ping-. The application of 
 the cupping-glass without scarification, 
 in order to produce revulsion of blood 
 from any part of the body. 
 
 Bry Pile. The name of a galvanic 
 apparatus, formed without any acid or 
 liquid, usually constructed with pairs of 
 metallic plates separated by layers of 
 farinaceous paste mixed with common 
 salt. 
 
 Bry But. A species of decay to 
 which wood is subject. The wood loses 
 all its cohesion, and becomes friable, and 
 fungi generally appear on it. The first 
 destructive change is probably of a 
 chemical kind. 
 
 Bry-o-bal'a-nops Ar-o-mat'i-ea.- 
 
 A tree of the order Dipteracese , yielding 
 a liquid called camphor oil and a crys- 
 talline solid termed Sumatra or Borneo 
 Camphor. 
 
 Bryobal'anops Cam'plio-ra.* The 
 
 tree which affords camphor in greatest 
 quantity. 
 
 Bn-al'i-ty. [Biial'itas. ti'tis; from 
 dua'lis , “pertaining to two.”] A term 
 used in reference to a theory that the 
 two hemispheres of the brain are capa- 
 ble of acting independently of each other. 
 
 Bnct of Ste'no. The excretory duct 
 of the parotid gland. 
 
 Duct of Wliar'ton. [Duo'tus 
 Wliartonia'nus; Duc'tus Saliva' ris 
 Inferior.] The excretory duct of the 
 submaxillary gland. These two last, 
 with the sublingual, constitute the sali- 
 vary ducts. 
 
 Bue-til'i-ty. [Bnotil'itas, a 'tis ; 
 from du'eo , due' turn, to “draw.”] A 
 property by which bodies can be drawn 
 out as into wire. 
 
 BuctNof Bellini (bel-lee'ne). [Bnc'- 
 t ns Belliiiia'iii.] The orifices rf the 
 uriniferous canals of the kidneys. 
 
DUC 
 
 DUP 
 
 Duc'tus,* plural Dnc'tns. [From 
 da' co, due' turn, to “lead.”] A canal, or 
 duct. 
 
 Duc'tus ad Ha'sum* (“Duct [lead- 
 ing] to the Nose”), otherwise called 
 fjaeli'ry-mal Duct. A duct extending 
 from the lachrymal sac and opening into 
 the inferior meatus of the nose. 
 
 Ductus A-quo'st.* (“Watery 
 Ducts.”) Lymphatic vessels; the aque- 
 ous ducts. 
 
 Duc tus Ar-te-ra-o'sus.* (“Arte- 
 rial Duct.”) A blood-vessel peculiar to 
 the foetus, communicating directly be- 
 tween the pulmonary artery and the 
 aorta. 
 
 Duc'tus Com-mu'uis Cfluol-ed'o- 
 clius.* (“Common Bile-receiving 
 Duct.”) The bile-duct formed by the 
 junction of the cystic and hepatic ducts. 
 It conveys the bile from the liver into 
 the duodenum. 
 
 Ductus ^ys'tl-cus.* (“Cystic 
 Duct.”) The excretory duct which leads 
 from the neck of the gall-bladder to 
 join the hepatic, forming with it the 
 Ductus communis choledochus. 
 
 Due tus Def'er-ens,^ Another name 
 for the Vas Deferens, which see. 
 
 D uc'tus II -j ac- u-la-to ' ri-us* 
 
 (“Ejaculatory Duct”), plural Duc'tus 
 E-jac-u-la-to'ri-i. A duct within the 
 prostate gland, opening into the urethra, 
 into which it conveys the semen: it is 
 about three-fourths of an inch long. 
 
 Duc'tus Gal-ac-tof 'er-i or Lac- 
 tif'er-i.* (“Milk-bearing or Milk- 
 conveying Ducts.”) Milk-ducts arising 
 from the glandular grains of the mamma 
 and terminating in sinuses near the base 
 of the nipple. 
 
 Duc'tus H e-pat' i-cus.* (“Hepatic 
 Duct.”) The duct which is formed by 
 the union of the proper ducts of the liver. 
 See Ductus Communis Choledochus. 
 
 Duc'tus In-ei-so'ri-us.* A con- 
 tinuation of the fora' men incisi'vum be- 
 tween the palatine processes into the nose. 
 
 Ductus Eacbrymalis. See Duc- 
 tus ad Nasum. 
 
 Duc'tus Eym-ptiat'I-cus Dex'- 
 ter.* (“Right Lymphatic Duct.”) A 
 duct formed by the lymphatics of the 
 right side of the thorax, etc., and open- 
 ing into the junction of the right jugu- 
 lar and subclavian veins. 
 
 • Duc'tus Pau-cre-at'i-cus.* (“Pan- 
 sreitic Duct.”) The pancreatic duct, 
 which joins the gall-duct at its entrance 
 into the duodenum. Near the duode- 
 num this duct is joined by a smaller one, 
 12 
 
 called Ductus Pancreaticus Minor (“Lesser 
 Pancreatic Duct”). 
 
 Duc'tus Pro-stat'I-ci.* (“Prostatic 
 Ducts.”) The ducts of the prostate gland, 
 from twenty to twenty-five in number, 
 opening into the prostatic urethra on 
 each side of the veru montanum. 
 
 Duc'tus Sal-i-x r a'ris In-fe'ri-©r.* 
 (“Inferior Salivary Duct.”) Sec Duct 
 of Wharton. 
 
 Ductus T2*©racicus. See Thoracic 
 
 Duct. 
 
 Duc'tus TTSfio-ra^'i-eus Dex'ter.* 
 
 (“Right Thoracic Duct.”) A designa- 
 tion of the right great lymphatic vein, 
 formed of lymphatic vessels arising from 
 the axillary ganglia of the right side. 
 
 Duc'tus Ve-uo'sus.* (“Venous 
 Duct.”) A blood-vessel peculiar to the 
 foetus, communicating from the Vena cava 
 ascendens to the Vena portae. 
 
 Puelech, dii'icK. A term employed 
 by Van Helmont to denote the state in 
 which the spirit of urine is precipitated 
 when it forms calculous concretions. 
 
 Dul-ca-ma'ra.* [From dul'cis , 
 “sweet,” and ama’rus , “bitter.”] (Fr. 
 Douce- Amere, dooss ft'meR'.) Bitter- 
 sweet. The Pharmaeopoeial name || of 
 the stalks of the Solarium dulcamara . 
 Dulcamara possesses narcotic, diuretic, 
 and diaphoretic properties. It is chiefly 
 employed as a remedy in diseases of the 
 skin, such as psoriasis, lepra, etc. 
 
 Dul-^e'd©.* [From dul'cis, “sweet.”] 
 Sweetness. See next article. 
 
 Dulce'd© Spu-to'rum.* [See 
 Sputa.] Literally, “sweetness of the 
 sputa, or spittle.” The name given by 
 Frank to that form of ptyalism in which 
 the saliva has a sweet or mawkish taste. 
 
 Dumb. See Mute. 
 
 Dumbness. See Aphonia. 
 
 Du-mose'. [From du’mus, a “bush.”] 
 Bushy or shrubby. 
 
 Du-o-de'num.* [From duode'ni , 
 “twelve.”] The first portion of the 
 small intestine, its length being about 
 twelve fingers’ breadth. 
 
 Du'pla-cate. [Duplica'tras ; from 
 du'plico , duplica'tum, to “double.”] 
 Doubled. 
 
 Du 'plum.* [From du'o, “two,” and 
 pli’ea, a “fold.”] The double of any 
 thing. As a prefix, duplo signifies “two^ 
 fold :” as, dgpfo-earburet, twofold car- 
 buret. 
 
 Dupuytreu (dii'pwe'troN 6 '), ۩m- 
 pres's«>r ef. An instrument invented 
 by Dupuytren, for compressing tlm 
 femoral artery. 
 
 173 
 
DUR 
 
 DYS 
 
 Bu'ra Ma'ter.* (The “Hard Mo- 
 ther.” Fr. Dure Mere , dun meR.) The 
 tough external membrane of the brain, 
 once supposed to give origin to all the 
 other membranes of the body. 
 
 ©u-ra men;' [From du'ro, dura' turn, 
 to “harden,” or du'rus, “hard.”] The 
 interior, more deeply-colored, and harder 
 portion of the trunk, and branches of 
 trees, commonly called heart-wood , as 
 distinguished from the exterior portion, 
 alburnum or sap-wood. 
 
 UutcSi Gold. An alloy of copper 
 and zinc, in which the zinc is in greater 
 proportion than it exists in brass. It is 
 allied to tombac and pinchbeck. 
 
 ©wtcta liiq'nM. The chloride of 
 olefiant gas; also called Dutch oil. 
 
 EDufcBa Min'e-ral. Metallic copper 
 beaten out in very thin leaves. 
 
 ©ulcSt Oil. See Dutch Liquid. 
 l>uteli Pinal*. Chalk, or whiting, 
 dyed yellow with a decoction of birch- 
 leaves, French berries, and alum. 
 
 ©ye. See Dyes. 
 
 ©yers’ Alkanet. See Anchusa 
 Tinctoria. 
 
 EDyers’ Broom, or EDyers’ Weed. 
 
 See Genista Tinctoria. 
 
 ©yers’ Oal*. See Quercus Tinc- 
 toria. 
 
 ©yes. Coloring matters, whether 
 vegetable, animal, or mineral, used to 
 impart to cloth, yarn, etc., a color dif- 
 ferent from that which they already 
 
 possess. 
 
 ©y-na'mi-a.* [From bvvapig, “pow- 
 er.”] Vital power, or strength. 
 
 ©y-iaam'ic. [©ynam'icias ; from 
 the same.] Belonging to the vital 
 power, or strength. 
 
 Dy-nam'ics. [©ynam'ica : from 
 the same.] The science of the forces of 
 bodies in relation to each other. Vital 
 Dynamics is the science which treats of 
 vital forces. 
 
 I>y-naflxi*om'e-ter. [Dynainom'* 
 etram; from dvra/ug, “power,” and 
 fibpov, a “measure.”] An instrument by 
 which to measure strength and power. 
 
 I>ys. [Gr. 6<jg.] A Greek particle sig- 
 nifying “difficult,” or “ with difficulty,” 
 “bad,” or “badly,” “painfully,” etc. 
 
 ©ys-ses-the'si-a.* [From big, “dif- 
 ficult,” and ahOavouai , to “perceive.”] 
 Dulness of any of the senses, particu- 
 larly touch. Applied to an order of the 
 class Locales of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 ©ys-cat-a-po'sl-a.^ [From big, “dif- 
 ficult,” and K(nlnromg, the “act of swal- 
 lowing.”] Difficulty of swallowing 
 174 
 
 liquids. A term applied by Dr. Mead 
 to hydrophobia. 
 
 I>ys-£i-ne'si-a.* [From big, “ diffi- 
 cult,” and kivcoj, to “ move.”] Diminu- 
 tion of the power of motion. Applied 
 in the plural (Dyscine' six) to an order 
 of the class Locales of Cullen’s Nosol- 
 ogy. 
 
 ©ys-cra'si-a.* [From dig, “bad,” 
 and Kpacng, a “tempering” or “tempera- 
 ment/’] A faulty state of the constitu, 
 tion : dys'erasy. 
 
 Bys-e-co'i-a.* [From dig, “difficult,” 
 and olkoy], “ hearing.”] Diminished or 
 impaired hearing ; deafness. A genus 
 of the order Dysxsthesix, class Locales , 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Dys'en-ter-y. [Dysente'ria ; from 
 dig, “ difficult,” or “ painful,” and hrtpov, 
 a “bowel.”] A disease marked by much 
 griping, tenesmus, and stools consisting 
 chiefly of mucus, often mixed with blood. 
 
 Dys'lys-in. [From dig, “ difficult,” 
 and \vaig, “ solution.”] Literally, “ dif- 
 ficult of solution.” Applied to an in- 
 gredient of bilin which remains undis- 
 solved as a resinous mass during the 
 solution and digestion of bilin in dilute 
 hydrochloric acid. 
 
 ©ys-nien-or-rlioe'a.* [From dig, 
 “difficult,” gi?//, a “month,” and pew, to 
 “flow.”] (Fr. Dysmenorrhee , d&s'imP- 
 no'rA'.) Difficult menstruation. 
 
 Dys-o'<les.* [From dig, “bad,” and 
 o'sco, to “smell.”] Having a bad smell. 
 A term applied by Hippocrates to a fetid 
 disorder of the small intestines. 
 
 Dys-op'si-a.* [From dig, “difficult,” 
 or “painful,” and oxpig, “vision.”] Pain- 
 ful or defective vision. A genus of tho 
 order Dysxsthesix, class Locales , of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. 
 
 I>ys-o-rex'i-a.* [From dig, “bad,” 
 or “ difficult,” and ope$ig, “ appetite.”] De- 
 praved appetite. Applied in the plural 
 to an order of the class Locales of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. 
 
 I>ys-©s-phre'sl-a.* [From dig, “dif- 
 ficult,” and oo<ppr)(j(g, “smell.”] Impaired 
 condition of the sense of smell. 
 
 I>5 r s-pep'si-a.* [From dig, “diffi- 
 cult,” and TTcnTos, to “concoct.”] Indi- 
 gestion : dyspep'sy. A genus of the 
 order A dynamise, class Neuroses, of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. 
 
 BEys-pha'&I-a.* [From dig, “diffi- 
 cult,” and 0ayw. to “eat.”] Bys'phagy ; 
 difficulty in swallowing. A genus of tlio 
 order Dyscinesix , class Locales , of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. See Auatapopis. 
 
 l>y s-pho'nl-n. [From tig, “diffi- 
 
DYS 
 
 EBE 
 
 £ult,” and (fxovrj, “voice.”] Difficulty of 
 speaking. 
 
 D^S'pho 1 rl-a.* [From dvg, “diffi- 
 cult,” and 0£po>, to “bear.”] Inquietude : 
 a difficulty of enduring one's self. It 
 embraces the affections of anxiety and 
 fidgets. 
 
 I)ysjmcea, :;: disp-ne'a. [From dvg f 
 “difficult,” and ttvzcj, to “breathe.”] (Fr. 
 Dyspnee, d^s'pnA'.) Difficult or labored 
 breathing. A genus of the order Spasmi, 
 class Neuroses , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Dys-sper-ma'si-a,* Bys-sper-ma- 
 tis'mus.* [From fog, “difficult,” and 
 oiTEpya, “seed.”] Difficult or imperfect 
 
 discharge of semen : dyssper'matism. 
 A genus of the order Epischeses, class 
 Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Dys-thet'I-ca.* [From dvg, “bad,” 
 and Tidniii, to “ place,” to “ make,” to 
 “ constitute.”] The name of an order 
 in Dr. Good’s Nosology, denoting dis- 
 eases dependent upon a bad habit or 
 constitution of the body. 
 
 Dys-u'ri-a.* [From dvg, “ difficult,” 
 and ovpov, the “ urine.”] Difficult or 
 painful and incomplete discharge of 
 urine. A genus of the order Epischeses , 
 class Locales , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 l>ys'u-ry. The same as Dysuria. 
 
 E. 
 
 E, or Ex. A Latin particle signify- 
 ing “ out,” “ out of.” It is sometimes 
 privative. See Ex. 
 
 Ear. [Lat. Au'ris; Fr. Oreille, o'rel.] 
 The organ of hearing, comprehending 
 the external, middle, and internal ear. 
 
 Ear, Inflammation of. See Otitis. 
 
 Ear-Ache. See Otalgia. 
 
 Ear-Wax. See Cerumen. 
 
 Eared. See Auriculate. 
 
 Earth [Ter'ra], in popular language 
 denotes the friable matter or soil on the 
 surface of the globe which we inhabit. 
 In Chemistry, the earths are solid, in- 
 combustible substances, entering largely 
 into the composition of the mineral 
 strata, and not convertible into metals 
 by any of the ordinary methods of re- 
 duction. Many of them, such as lime, 
 magnesia, baryta, and strontia, like 
 alkalies combine with acids to form what 
 in Chemistry are termed salts. The 
 four here named are called alkaline 
 earths, as they have both an alkaline 
 taste and change vegetable blues to 
 green. 
 
 Earth-Bath. [ Arena' tio.] A rem- 
 edy consisting literally of a bath of 
 earth or sand (usually hot) with which 
 the patient is covered. 
 
 Earth, Japan. See Acacia Cate- 
 chu. 
 
 Earth of Alum. A preparation used 
 in making paints, and procured by pre- 
 cipitating the alumina from alum dis- 
 solved in water, by adding ammonia or 
 potassa. 
 
 Earth of Bone, or Bone-Earth. 
 
 A phosphate of lime, sometimes called 
 hone phosphate, existing in bones after 
 calcination. 
 
 Ean, o. The French term for “ water 
 the name of a distilled water. 
 
 Eau de Bababe, o deh b&'b&b'. A 
 liquor manufactured in Barbadoes from 
 lemon-peel. 
 
 Eau de Cologne, deh ko-lon' (or 
 ko'lon'). [A qua Colonien'sis.] Co- 
 logne-water ,* a perfume, and an evapora- 
 ting lotion often used in headache, fever, 
 etc. 
 
 Eau de Javelle, o deh zh&'vel'. 
 Bleaching liquid, or the A'qua Alkali' na 
 Oxymuriat'ica of the Dublin Pharmaco- 
 poeia. 
 
 Eau de Luce, o deh Hiss'. The 
 Tinctura Ammonia 2 Composita of the 
 Pharmacopoeias. The French name is 
 derived from that of an apothecary of 
 Lille. 
 
 Eau de Naphre, o deh n&fR'. 
 A bitter aromatic water, prepared by 
 distilling the leaves of the Seville orange 
 with water. 
 
 Eau de Babel, o deh ra'bel'. [A'qua 
 Babellia'iia.] So named from its in- 
 ventor, the empiric Rabel. It consists 
 of one part of sulphuric acid and three 
 of rectified spirit of wine, constituting a 
 sort of sulphuric ether. 
 
 Eau de Vie. [A'qua Vi'tae.] See 
 Brandy. 
 
 Eau Medicinal© d’ Mussou, 0 mA- 
 
 de'se'nal' diis's6N«'. A celebrated remedy 
 for gout, prepared as follows. Mace- 
 rate two ounces of the root of colchicum, 
 cut in slices, in four fluidounces of 
 Spanish white wine, and filter. 
 
 Ebenacese,* eb-e-na'she-e. [From 
 Eh'ennm, “ ebony.”] A natural order of 
 exogenous trees and shrubs, mostly In- 
 dian and tropical. Some species are 
 175 
 
EBL 
 
 ECL 
 
 remarkable for the hardness and black- 
 ness of the wood, as ebony and ironwood. 
 The Jussieuan name of this order is 
 Guaiacanse. 
 
 Eb'la-uin, or Eb'la-iiine. Pyrox- 
 anthin, a substance obtained from raw 
 pyroxylic spirit. 
 
 E-brac'te-ate. [Ebraetea'tws; 
 
 from e, priv., and brae' tea, a “ floral leaf.”] 
 Without a floral leaf. 
 
 Eb-ul-irtioai. [Ebulli'tio, o 'nis; 
 from ebuVlio, to “bubble up” or “boil 
 up.”] The act or state of boiling. 
 
 Eb-ur-na/tion. [From e’bor,“ ivory.”] 
 A state of the osseous system in which 
 there is an increased and morbid deposit 
 of phosphate of lime, especially on the 
 cartilages of the joints. 
 
 ES) u rnilicatiosi . See Eburnation. 
 
 E'foair ITs'tum Jfi'grum^ (“Ivory 
 Burnt Black”), called Cologne-black, or 
 Ivory-black. Charcoal prepared from 
 charred ivory shavings. 
 
 Ec (Ik), and Ex (t£) before a vowel. 
 A Greek preposition signifying “out,” 
 “out of,” “from,” etc. 
 
 Eeaille, Akal'. The French term 
 for Scale, which see. 
 
 E-cal-ca-ra'tiis.* [From e, priv., 
 and cal' car, a “ spur.”] Without a spur, 
 or horn. 
 
 E-cau 'date. [Ecauda'tces ; from e, 
 priv., and cau'da, a “tail.”] Without a 
 tail. 
 
 Ec-ba'li-wrai Of-fi?-i-na'Ie. x ‘ An- 
 other name for Momor' dica Elate'rium, or 
 wild cucumber. 
 
 Ee-bol'ic. [Ecbol'icms ; from ckS6.\- 
 Ao>, to “cast out.”] Applied to medicines 
 which induce abortion. 
 
 Ec-cen'tric. [Eccen'tricwis; from 
 ck, “out of,” “from,” and cen’trum, the 
 “centre.”] Away from the centre. 
 
 Ec-een-trs^'i-ty'. [Eccentra^'itas, 
 n'tis ; from the same.] In Astronomy, 
 the distance between the centre of a 
 planet's orbit and the centre of the 
 sun. 
 
 Ec-chy-mo'ma, atis* [From e/ocd- 
 fjtou >, to “pour out.”] A soft blue swell- 
 ing from a bruise; extravasation of 
 blood into the cellular tissue. A genus 
 of the order Tumores, class Locales, of 
 Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ec-chy-mo'sls.* The same as Ec- 
 chymoma, which see. 
 
 Ec-co-prot'ie. [Eocoprot'ieus ; 
 from ck, “out,” and Ko^pog, “dung.”] 
 Evacuating the contents of the bowels. 
 
 Ec-cri-nol'o-sy. [EecrinoSo'^ia ; 
 from haepivui, to “secrete,” and A<5yo,-, a 
 176 
 
 “discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
 of the secretions. 
 
 Ec-crit'I-ca. ;: [From cKKpivw, to 
 
 “ strain off.”] Diseases of the excernent 
 function. The name of a class in Dr. 
 Good’s Nosology. 
 
 Ec-^y-e'sis.* [From ck, “out” or 
 “without,” and Kvrjoig, “gestation.”] 
 Extra-uterine foetation. 
 
 Ecliaiicrure, AshoNG'kRiiR'. A 
 French term denoting a depression or 
 notch in the bones. See Notch. 
 
 Ecliarpe, &'shaRp\ The French for 
 the surgical apparatus called a Sling, 
 which see. 
 
 Ecli l-nate, or E-rlii'nate. [EeM- 
 
 natus; from exivog, the “hedge-hog.’ ] 
 Beset with prickles. 
 
 Eehisie, Ash6n'. See Spine. 
 
 E-eliiii-o-coc'ens.* [From exivog, 
 the “hedge-hog,” and KOKKog, a “berry.”] 
 A species of hydatid. 
 
 E-eliaii'o-<ler'iMa-ta. >:: * [See Eciiino- 
 dermatus.] The fourth class of the 
 Cycloneura , or Radiata , consisting of 
 simple aquatic animals covered with a 
 spiny shell or a coriaceous skin. 
 
 E-chin'o-der'ma-tiis.^ [From exivog, 
 the “hedge-hog,” and deppa, the “skin.”] 
 Echinoder'matous. Having a skin like 
 the Echinus. Applied to a class of Ra- 
 diata. Sec Eciiinodermata. 
 
 E-cItom-o-rbjna'chus.* [From exivog, 
 the “hedge-hog,” and pvyxog, a “beak.”] 
 The name for a genus of Entozoa, order 
 Acanthoccphalise of Itudolplii. 
 
 E~elii'ims.* [From exivog, the “sea- 
 urchin.”] A term applied to a calcareous 
 petrifaction of the sea-urchin. 
 
 Ee-Iamp'sy. [EelaEiip'sia, Ec- 
 lamp'sis; from UXapnio, to “shine.”] 
 Literally, “flashing of light;” “efful- 
 gence.” A convulsive disease of in- 
 fancy; also, epilepsy, and the appear- 
 ance of flashes of light, forming one of 
 its symptoms. Sometimes applied to a 
 form of puerperal convulsions resembling 
 epilepsy in severity. 
 
 Ec-lec'tic. [Eclec'tiens; from ck, 
 “ out,” and Asya), to “ gather” or “ choose.”] 
 Selected, or chosen from among others. 
 Applied to an ancient sect of physicians 
 (as well as to a school of philosophy), 
 who held that we ought not to coniine 
 ourselves to one single system or school, 
 but to select what is best from all the 
 different systems. It was at its acme 
 about the beginning of tho second cen- 
 tury. The name is also applied to a 
 modern school of recent origin. 
 
 Ec-leg-'ma,* or Ec-leig'ma.* [Gr. 
 
ECL 
 
 EEL 
 
 beXtiypa ; from to “lick up.”] (Fr. 
 
 Looch, lok.) A pharmaceutical prepa- 
 ration of a certain consistence and of a 
 sweet flavor. See Linctus. 
 
 E-clipse'. [Lat. Eelip'sis; Gr. ck- 
 \evpis, from beKd-noi, to “fail.”] In As- 
 tronomy, the obscuration of the light of 
 one heavenly body by the intervention 
 of another. 
 
 E-cIip'tic. [EcJip'tacias.] Belong- 
 ing to an eclipse. Applied to an imagi- 
 nary circle in the heavens, which the 
 sun appears to describe in the course of 
 the year; so named because eclipses 
 only happen when the moon is in the 
 same plane or very near it. 
 
 Eclisse, &'kl&ss\ The French for 
 Splint, which see. 
 
 E-con'o-my. [(Econo'mia; from 
 oIko a “ house,” and vepio, to “ distribute,” 
 to “arrange.”] Literally, “household 
 order or arrangement.” Applied to 
 order or proper management in doing 
 any thing. 
 
 Animal Economy denotes collectively 
 all the laws or arrangements which are 
 necessary to the animal system. 
 
 Ecoree, &'konss'. The French term 
 for “bark.” See Cortex. 
 
 Ec-plily'sis.* [From to 
 
 “bubble up.”] Vesicular eruption con- 
 fined in its action to the surface. This 
 term comprehends the several species of 
 pompholyx, herpes, rhypia, and eczema . 
 Compare Emphlysis. 
 
 Ee-pliro'ral-a.* [From siappojv, “out 
 of one’s mind.”] Insanity ; craziness ; a 
 term comprising melancholy and mad- 
 ness. 
 
 Ec-pliy'ma.* [From bcpvct), to “spring 
 out.”] A cutaneous excrescence, in- 
 cluding the several species verruca , ca- 
 runcula, claims , callus. 
 
 Ee-py-e'sis.* [From zkttvLo, to “sup- 
 purate.”] Humid scall, including the 
 species impetigo, porrigo, ecthyma , and 
 scabies. Compare Empyesis. 
 
 Ecraseur, AkR&'zuR'. [Fr. j# eraser , 
 to “crush.”] Literally, a “crusher.” 
 A kind of steel chain tightened by a 
 screw, used for removing piles, polypi , 
 or malignant growth 5 *. 
 
 Ecrmielles, &'kroo'ell'. The French 
 term for Scrofula, which see. 
 
 Ec^tasis. See Ecstasy. 
 
 Ec sta-sy. [Ec'stasis; from z^icTapai, 
 to “ be out of one’s senses.”] A total 
 suspension of sensibility, voluntary mo- 
 tion, and for the most part of mental 
 power.— the body erect and inflexible, 
 the pulsation and breathing not affected. 
 
 Ec'ta-sis.* [From Ik, “out,” and rrfvca, 
 to “stretch.”] Extension or expansion. 
 
 Ec-tliy'ma, a tie* [From • zkBvo, to 
 “break out.”] An eruption of phlyza^ 
 cious pustules, without fever. 
 
 Ec-to'pi-a.* [From zktotto;, “out of 
 place.”] Protrusion, or displacement. 
 Applied in the plural to an order of the 
 class Locales of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ecto'pia Cor'dis.^ (“Displacement 
 of the Heart.”) Applied to any case 
 where the heart is out of its proper 
 place or in an unnatural position. 
 
 Ec-top-t&r'y-g'oid. [Ectoptery- 
 g-oi'des; from herds, “without,” and 
 trTepvyoeidris, “pterygoid.”] A term pro- 
 posed by Owen for the transverse bone 
 of Cuvier in reptiles. 
 
 Ee-io-zo'oai,* plural Ec-to-zo'a. 
 [From Lktos, “without,” and &ov, an 
 “animal.”] Those parasitic insects 
 (such as lice) that infe t the surface of 
 the body, in contradistinction from the 
 Entozoa , which are found within the 
 body. 
 
 Ec-tro'pi-um.* [From zk, “out,” 
 and rpena), to “turn.”] Eversion of the 
 eyelid or eyelids. 
 
 Ec-trot'ic. [Ectrot'icws ; from zk- 
 rirp crAfo), to “cause a miscarriage.”] Ap- 
 plied to the treatment by which the de- 
 velopment of disease is hindered. 
 
 Ec'ze-ma, a tis* [From zk^zu), to 
 “boil up.”] A smarting eruption of 
 small pustules, generally crowded to- 
 gether, without fever, and not conta- 
 gious. 
 
 Ec-zem'a-tous. [Eczem'atus.] Be- 
 longing to Eczema. 
 
 E- <1 era - ta ' ta.^ [See next article.] 
 Toothless animals; quadrupeds without 
 front teeth, as the armadillo. 
 
 E-dem-ta'tiis.* [From e, priv., and 
 dens , a “tooth.”] Without teeth: eden'- 
 tate. Applied to an order of Mammalia. 
 See Edentata. 
 
 E-dral-co-i’a'tiora. [From dul'cis, 
 “sweet.”] The sweetening of any me- 
 dicinal preparation. Also, the process 
 of freeing an easily soluble substance 
 from one that is soluble with difficulty, 
 by menns of distilled water. 
 
 E-diil-eo-ra'tor. [From the same.] 
 A dropping-bottle. An instrument for 
 supplying small quantities of sweetened 
 liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to 
 test-tubes, watch-glasses, etc. 
 
 Eel Oil. An oil procured from eels 
 by roasting ; employed as an ointment 
 for stiff joints, and by ironmongers for 
 preserving steel from rust. 
 
 177 
 
EFF 
 
 ELA 
 
 Ef'fer-ens, en'iw.* [From effero , 
 to “carry out.”] Ef'ferent. Carrying 
 or conveying out. Applied in the plural 
 to certain vessels of the testis. See Vasa 
 Efferentia. 
 
 Ef-fer-ves'sence. [Effervescen'- 
 tia; from efferves'co, to “boil over.”] 
 The agitation produced on mixing cer- 
 tain substances, caused by the sudden 
 escape of a gas. 
 
 Ef-ler- vesting Draught. Dissolve 
 a scruple of carbonate of soda or potas- 
 sa in an ounce of water ; mix two drachms 
 of cinnamon water with a drachm and 
 a half of syrup of orange-peel ; add to 
 these a tablespoonful of fresh lemon- 
 juice, and drink the mixture immediately. 
 
 Ef-flo-res'^ence. [Efllorescen'tia ; 
 from efflores'co , to “ flower,” to “ flou- 
 rish.”] The blooming of flowers; the 
 time of flowering. In Chemistry, the 
 spontaneous conversion of crystals to 
 powder in consequence of the loss of 
 their water of crystallization. Also, a 
 morbid redness of the skin. 
 
 Ef-flu'vi-a,* the plural of Efflu- 
 vium, which see. 
 
 Ef-flu'vi-um,* plural Ef-flu'vi-a. 
 
 [From ef'Jluo , to “flow out.”] A term 
 applied to exhalations or vapors (espe- 
 cially those of a morbific character) pro- 
 ceeding from any body. It is also fre- 
 quently applied to animal or vegetable 
 odors. 
 
 Ef-fu'sion. [Kll’u'sio, o'nis ; from 
 
 effun'do , ejfu'sum, to “pour out.”] The 
 escape of any fluid out of its natural 
 vessel, or viscus, into another cavity, 
 or into the cellular texture or substance 
 of parts. 
 
 Egesta. See Egestus. 
 
 E-ges'tus.* [From ey'ero, eyes' turn, 
 to “carry out,” or “cast out.”] Applied 
 in the plural neuter (Eyes' ta) to the 
 natural excretions or evacuations of the 
 body, such as the urine, faeces, etc. 
 
 Egg. See Ovum. 
 
 Egg-Shaped. See Oval, Ovate, and 
 Ovoin. 
 
 E-gland'u-lous. [Eglandulo'sua; 
 
 from e , priv., and ylans, a “gland.”] 
 Deprived of glands. 
 
 Egopliony. See JEgophony. 
 Eliretiaccsc,* a-re-te-a'she-e. [From 
 Ehre'tia , one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of exogenous plants, mostly tropi- 
 cal trees or shrubs. It includes the Pe- 
 ruvian Heliotrope. 
 
 Eighth Pair of Nerves. See 
 
 Pneumo-Gastric. 
 
 E-jac'u-lans.* 'From e, “out,” and 
 
 178 
 
 jac’ulor, jacula'tus, to “throw” or “cast.”] 
 Throwing forth, or casting out. See 
 Ejaculatory. 
 
 E-jac-u-la ' tor, o'ri*.* [From the 
 same.] Applied to a muscle of the penis. 
 See Accelerator. 
 
 E-jac'u-la-to-ry. [Ejaculato'rius ; 
 
 from the same.] Ejecting, or having 
 power to eject. 
 
 Ejaculatory Duets. See Ductus 
 
 Ejaculatorius. 
 
 E-jec'tion. [Ejec'tio, o'nis; from 
 
 eji'cio, ejec’tum , to “throw or thrust 
 out.”] The act or process of discharging 
 any thing from the body. 
 
 Eh. See Ec. 
 
 Elseagnaccse,* el-e-ag-na'she-e, or 
 El-se-ag'ni.* A natural order of ex- 
 ogenous trees and shrubs, dispersed 
 through the whole Northern hemisphere. 
 It includes the El sea y mis , or Oleaster. 
 
 El-ae-ag'ni,* the plural of El-se-ag'- 
 nus (“ Oleaster”), forming the Jussieuan 
 name of a natural older of plants. See 
 El^eagnace^e. 
 
 El-se-op'ten. [From t\aiov, “oil,” 
 and TTTriuog, “flying” or “fleeting,” hence 
 “volatile.”] The liquid portion of a 
 volatile oil. The concrete portion is 
 called stearopten. The volatile oils when 
 exposed to cold generally separate into 
 a solid and liquid portion, showing that 
 they are mixtures of two oils differing in 
 fluidity. 
 
 EJ-se-o-sac'clia-ra.* [From e\aov f 
 “oil,” and sac' chan, m, “sugar.”] The 
 mixtures or compounds of volatile oils 
 and sugar. 
 
 El'a-in. [Elai'na ; from e\atov, “ oil.”] 
 The oily principle of solid fats. 
 
 El-ai-om'e-tcr. [Elaiom'etrum.] 
 An instrument for detecting the adul- 
 teration of olive oil. 
 
 El'a-is Guineen'sis* (gin-e-en'sis). 
 The Guinea palm-tree, which yields the 
 palm-oil, and, it is said, the best kind 
 of palm-wine. 
 
 Elaopten. See Eljeopten. 
 
 E-las'tic. [Elas'ticus. See Elas- 
 ticity.] Having the property of elas- 
 ticity, or springiness. 
 
 Elastic Gum, or Indian Rubber. 
 
 See Caoutchouc. 
 
 E-las'ti-cin. [Elastici'na : from 
 elas'ticus , “elastic.”] The peculiar solid 
 material of the elastic tissue. It is re- 
 markable for its insolubility in all ordi- 
 nary menstrua. 
 
 El-as-ti$'I-tj^. [From i\avvu t to 
 “drive,” to “strike” or “impel,” as the 
 string of a bow impels the arrow ] A 
 
ELA 
 
 ELE 
 
 property by which bodies return forcibly 
 and of themselves to the same form or 
 dimensions they possessed before their 
 displacement or compression by external 
 force. 
 
 E-lat'er-in. [Elateri'na.] A crys- 
 tallizable matter, distinct from Elatin , 
 found in the juice of Elaterium. 
 
 El-a-te'ri-unr».* [From eXavvw, to 
 “ drive,” to “ drive through,” referring 
 to its violent action on the alimentary 
 canal.] The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
 the fecula of the Momor' dica elate' rium, 
 otherwise called the Ecba'lium officina'- 
 rum (or oficina'le). 
 
 Elaterium is a powerful hydragogue 
 cathartic. In over-doses, it operates 
 with extreme violence both on the sto- 
 mach and bowels, and sometimes causes 
 death. 
 
 Era-tin. [Elatt'na.] The active 
 principle of Elaterium. 
 
 Elatinacese,* el-a-tin-a'she-e. A 
 natural order of annual plants, found in 
 marshes in the four quarters of the globe. 
 It includes Elati'ne (Water-Pepper). 
 
 Elatio,* e-la'she-o. [From ef'fero , 
 ela'tum , to “carry out,” to “carry be- 
 yond bounds,” to “transport.”] Quix- 
 otism ; a species of mental extrava- 
 gance. 
 
 El'a-yl. [From t\aiov, “oil,” and t>X>?, 
 “material.”] The name given by Ber- 
 zelius to hydruret of acetyl, otherwise 
 called olefiant gas and etherine. 
 
 El'bow. [Lat. Cu'bitws; Fr. Coude , 
 kood.] Originally, the angle formed by 
 the arm when bent on the fore-arm. 
 Commonly applied to the articulation 
 of the arm with the fore-arm. More 
 particularly it denotes the projection of 
 the olecranon. See Ancon, and Ole- 
 cranon. 
 
 El'der-Tree. The Sambucus niyra. 
 
 El-e-cam-paiie'. The Inula Hele- 
 nium. 
 
 Elect. = Electua' rium.% An “electu- 
 ary.” 
 
 E-lec-tri^'I-t^. [Electri^'itas, a'tis; 
 from nXexTpo-j, “amber,” in which it was 
 first observed.] A subtile fluid or prin- 
 ciple produced by the friction of certain 
 substances, such as glass, amber, sealing- 
 wax, etc. Electricity has been highly 
 recommended as a stimulant in cases of 
 paralysis, rheumatism, amaurosis, etc., 
 and has sometimes proved very useful 
 in such affection*. 
 
 Electricity, Galvanic, or Voltaic. 
 
 See Galvanism. 
 
 E-lec'tro - Chem'i-cal Ac'tion. 
 
 Chemical action induced by electrical 
 arrangements. 
 
 Elec'tro-fily-nam'ics. The science 
 which treats of the effects or phenomena 
 of electricity in motion. 
 
 Elec' tro-Ma^'net- ism. Magnetism 
 excited or produced by electricity, — usu- 
 ally by galvanic electricity. 
 
 E-lec'trodc. [From riXetcrpov, “am- 
 ber,” and 666$, a “way.”] In electro- 
 chemical action the electrodes are the 
 surfaces by which the electricity passes 
 into or out from other media, they being 
 regarded as the roads or ways along 
 which the electric fluid travels. 
 
 E-lec- tro-&en 'e-sis.* [From n\cKTpov, 
 “amber,” and ymj, to “be born.”] The 
 production of electricity. 
 
 E-lec-tro-&eii'ic. [Electrogen'i- 
 cus.] Belonging to electroyenesis. 
 
 E-lec-tro-g , e'ni-um.* [From riXw- 
 rpov, “amber.” and yewau >, to “beget.”] 
 The unknown cause of the phenomena 
 of electricity: elec'trogen. 
 
 E-lec-trol'o-gy. [Electrolo'g-ia ; 
 from uXtKTpov, “amber,” and Aoyoj, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on electricity; 
 the science of electricity. 
 
 E-lec-trol'y-sis.* [From riXzKTpov, 
 “amber,” and Avw, to “loosen,” to “dis- 
 solve.”] Decomposition by electricity. 
 
 E-lec'tro-lytes. [From the same.] 
 Applied to bodies which can be decom- 
 posed directly by electricity. 
 
 E-lec-t rom 'e-ter. [Electron! 'e- 
 trum; from i)\tKrpov, “amber,” and pe- 
 rpov, a “measure.”] An instrument for 
 ascertaining the quality and quantity of 
 electricity in an electrified body. 
 
 E-lec-t roph'o-r us.* [From -iXeKrpov, 
 “amber,” and (pope o>, to “bear.”] (An 
 “electricity-bearer.”) An apparatus em- 
 ployed in electric experiments. 
 
 E-lec 'tro-scope. [Electros'eo- 
 pus, or Electrosco'pimia; from i'i\eK- 
 rpov, “amber,” and oKonea), to “spy.”] An 
 instrument for ascertaining the presence 
 of electricity. 
 
 E-lec'tro-type. [From riXeKTpov, 
 “amber,” or “electricity,” and tvttos, a 
 “model” or “mould.”] The process by 
 which facsimile medals are executed in 
 copper by means of electricity. It con- 
 sists in preparing for a negative plate 
 models or moulds of objects to be copied, 
 and in so arranging a battery or appa- 
 ratus which generates the voltaic cur- 
 rent as to deposit the metals in a com- 
 pact form on the surface of the mould. 
 Electrotype is also used as a verb. 
 
 E-lec'tro-Vi'tal (or Xeu'ro E-lec'- 
 179 
 
ELE 
 
 EMA 
 
 trie) Cur'rents. The name of two elec- 
 tric currents supposed to exist in ani- 
 mals, — the one external and cutaneous, 
 moving from the extremities to the 
 cerebro-spinal axis; the other internal, 
 going from the cerebro-spinal axis to 
 the internal organs. 
 
 E-lec'truin.* [Gr. uXeicrpov.'] A term 
 used by the ancients for amber ; also, 
 for a mixture of four parts of gold and 
 one of silver. 
 
 Electuarium Aromaticum. See 
 
 CONFECTIO AROMATICA. 
 
 Electuarium Opii. See Confectio 
 Opii. 
 
 Electuarium Semiue. See Con- 
 fectio Senn^e. 
 
 E-lee t is -a- ry. [Electua'rium ; 
 
 from el'iyo , elec' turn, to “choose” or 
 “pick out,” because some agreeable sub- 
 stance is chosen^ as a vehicle for the 
 medicine.] (Fr. Electuaire , Al&k'tu'eR'.) 
 A confection, or conserve. See Linc- 
 TUS. 
 
 El'e-ments. [Elemeu'ta.] Ru- 
 diments, or first principles: substances 
 which cannot be further decomposed. 
 
 El-e-men 'turn,* plural El-e-men- 
 ta. See Elements. 
 
 El'e-mi.* The Pharmacopoeia! name 
 (Br. Ph.) of a concrete resinous exuda- 
 tion, probably from the Canarium com- 
 mune : chiefly imported from Manilla. 
 
 El-e-pliau-ti'a-sis.* [From eXecpag, 
 k\b{)avTO$, an “elephant.”] Applied to 
 two distinct diseases of quite different 
 character, now designated as Elephan- 
 tiasis Arabian and Elephantiasis Grseco- 
 rum. 
 
 Elephantiasis Ar'abum* (the “Ele- 
 phantiasis of the Arabians”), otherwise 
 called Bucne'mia, Barba'does Leg, and 
 El'ephant-Leg. A disease characterized 
 by the leg being much swollen and mis- 
 shapen, and thus supposed to resemble 
 that of an elephant. 
 
 Elephantiasis Gr^eco'rum.* (“Ele- 
 phantiasis of the Greeks.”) An affection 
 nearly allied to leprosy, if not the same 
 disease. It is said to be characterized 
 by shining tubercles on the face, ears, 
 and extremities, with a thickened, rugous 
 state of the skin, whence it has been 
 termed Elephant-skin ; also, Le'pra Ar' - 
 abum. 
 
 El-et-ta'ri-a.* [From the Malay El- 
 ettariy the “lesser cardamom.”] The 
 name of a new genus of plants, of the 
 class Monandria, natural order Zinyibe- 
 racete. 
 
 Eletta'ria Car-<l&-mo'mum.* The 
 
 180 
 
 lesser cardamom-plant, formerly referred 
 to the genus Alpinia. 
 
 Ellvateur, AlAv&'tUR'. (“ Eleva- 
 tor.”) The French for Levator, which see. 
 
 El-e-va'tor. [Elevato'rium; from 
 el'evo, eleva'tum , to “lift or raise up.”] 
 (Fr. Elevatoire, AlAvAtw&R'.) An in- 
 strument for raising depressed portions 
 of bone. 
 
 E-lim'I-nate. [From e, “out of,” or 
 “out from,” and li l men , a “threshold.”] 
 Literally, to “put out” or “expel:” 
 hence, to “send forth,” to “throw off,” 
 to “set free.” 
 
 El-i-qua'tion. [Eliqua'tio, o 'nis ; 
 from el'iqno , eliqua'tum , to “melt 
 down” or “melt out.”] The process by 
 which one substance more fusible than 
 another is separated from it by applying 
 heat in a sufficient degree. 
 
 E-lix'ir. [Said to be derived from 
 the Arabic El-ekser , or Al-eksir, “quint- 
 essence.”] A preparation similar to a 
 compound tincture. Also, an extract, 
 or quintessence. 
 
 Elix'ir, Par-e-g<5r'ic. The Tinctu'ra 
 cam' phorse compos' ita. See Paregoric. 
 
 E-lu-tri-a'tion. [Elutraa'tio, o'nis; 
 from elu'trio , elutria'tum , to “wash out,” 
 to “pour off.”] The process of pulver- 
 izing metallic ores or other substances, 
 and mixing them with water, so that the 
 lighter parts are separated from the 
 heavier. 
 
 Elytra. See Elytron. 
 
 El-y-tri'tis, idis* [From eXvrpov. a 
 “sheath,” the “vagina.”] Inflammation 
 of the vagina. 
 
 El'y-tron,* plural El'y-tra. [Gr. 
 
 eX'irpov, from cAuco, to “wrap up,” to 
 “cover” or “conceal.”] A sheath; the 
 hard case or shell which covers the 
 wings of coleopterous insects. Also, the 
 vagina. 
 
 Ely-tro-plas'tic. [Elytroplas'ti- 
 
 cus.] Belonging to elytroplasty. 
 
 El'y-tro-plas-ty. [Elytroplas'tia ; 
 
 from t\vrpov y and nXaaou), to “form.”] The 
 operation of closing a vesico-vaginal 
 fistulous opening by borrowing a flap 
 from the labia , or nates. 
 
 El-y-trop-lo'sis.* [From iXvrpov, 
 and Trnoatf, a “falling down.”] Inversion 
 of the vagina. 
 
 Ery-trum,* plural El'y-tra. The 
 
 same as Elytron, which see. 
 
 Einacintioii, e-ma-slie-a'shun. 
 
 [Emacia'tio, o'nis; from ema'cio. ema- 
 c in’ turn, to “make lean.”] The state of 
 being or becoming lean. See Atropia. 
 and Marasmus. 
 
EMA 
 
 EMI 
 
 Email, Amal'. The French term for 
 Enamel, which see. 
 
 Em-a-na'tion. [Emana'tio, o' nix; 
 from e, “out” or “from,” and ma'no, 
 mana'tum, to “flow.”] That which flows 
 or proceeds from any substance. 
 
 Emaii»io,*e-man'she-o. [From ema'~ 
 neo, e-man* mm, to “remain out” or “ab- 
 sent.”] Literally, “absence” or “stay- 
 ing away.” See next article. 
 
 Emaai'sio Men'sium* (men'she- 
 um). Retention of the catamenia. See 
 Amenorrhcea. 
 
 E-mar'gin-ate. [Einarginatus ; 
 
 from emar'gino, to “take away the 
 edge.”] Having a notch at the margin. 
 
 E-mas'cu-late. [Emascula'tus ; 
 from emas'culo , emascula'tum, to “make 
 impotent.” See Mas.] Deprived of vi- 
 rility; incapable of generating. 
 
 E-mas-cu-la'tion. [Emascula'tio, 
 o'nis ; from the same.] The act of ren- 
 dering impotent by injury or removal 
 of the generative organs. 
 
 Em-balm'iii$g. [From en , “in,” and 
 balm, a word used somewhat vaguely for 
 any “fragrant ointment” or “aromatic 
 substance.”] A process by which a dead 
 body is preserved against putrefaction. 
 This process originally consisted in im- 
 pregnating the body with balsams or 
 spices. 
 
 Einboitement (Fr.), oM'bw&t'mbNa'. 
 [From boite, a “ box.”] The situation 
 of one box within another. A term 
 used by Bonnet to designate that theory 
 of generation by which thousands of 
 individuals are supposed to lie one within 
 the other, each possessing a complete 
 series of organized parts. 
 
 Em-bo'li-a. ;i: ' [From ev, “in” or 
 “into,” and daWcj, to “throw,” to 
 “thrust.”] A term employed by Virchow 
 to denote the obstruction of an artery or 
 vein in consequence of a piece or c’ot of 
 coagulated blood being lodged in it. 
 See Embolus, and Thrombosis. 
 
 Em-bolic. [Embol'icus.] Pertain- 
 ing to Embolia. 
 
 Em'bo-lisxn. [Embolis'mus.] The 
 
 same as Embolia, which see. 
 
 Ean'bo-3tis.* [See Embolia.] Lite- 
 rally, “any thing thrown or thrust in,” 
 as a wedge or stopper. Applied to a piece 
 of coagulum, which has been formed in 
 the large vessels in certain morbid con- 
 ditions, and has afterwards been forced 
 into one of the smaller arteries so as to 
 obstruct the circulation. See Thrombus. 
 
 Embonpoint (Fr.), oM'b6N Q 'pwaN Q \ 
 Plumpness or fulness of flesh. 
 
 16 * 
 
 Em-bro-ciition. [Embroca'tio, 
 
 o 'nix ; from ipfipexo), to “soak.”] A fluid 
 application for rubbing on any part. 
 
 Esii'bry-o, o '»?«.* [Gr. epZpuov; from 
 iv f “ within,” and £ptia), to “ swell as buds,” 
 to “grow.”] Literally, “that which 
 grows within.” The foetus in utero, be- 
 fore the fifth month of pregnancy. Also, 
 the germ of a plant: the corculum. 
 
 Em-bry-oe to-ny. [From spSpuov, a 
 “foetus,” and ktuvoj, to “kill.”] The 
 same as Embryotomy. 
 
 Em-bry-oge-my. [From em'bryo, 
 and yevio, to “ be born or produced.”] The 
 formation or production of an embryo. 
 
 Em-bry-o^'ra-pUfiy. [Embryo- 
 g-ra'pfltia; from cfip ov, a “foetus,” and 
 ypjt0co, to “write.”] A description of the 
 foetus. 
 
 Em-bry-ol o-gy. [Embryolo'gia ; 
 
 from epHpov, a “foetus,” and Adyo;, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on the foetus. 
 
 Em'bry-o-nate. [Embryona'tus ; 
 
 from em'bryo.] Having an embryo, germ, 
 or corculum. 
 
 Eni-bry-ot'o-Biiy. [Embryoto'- 
 maa; from epSp oj, a “foetus,” and ripra), 
 to “cut.”] The destruction or separa- 
 tion of any part or parts of the foetus in 
 utero , where circumstances exist to pre- 
 vent delivery in the natural way. 
 
 Eiii-bry-«sl'ei-a.* [From ipZpvov, a 
 “foetus,” and £X*a>, to “draw.”] The 
 drawing or extracting of the foetus, 
 generally by destructive instruments, in 
 order to effect delivery : embryul'cy. 
 
 E-iner'sus.* [From emer'yo, emer'- 
 sum, to “rise out,” as from water.] 
 Applied to leaves and flowers that are 
 above the surface of the water. 
 
 Em'er-y. A variety of Corundum. 
 The powder, attached to brown paper, 
 called emery-paper , is used for polishing, 
 for preparing razor-strops, etc. 
 
 Em 'e-sis,* or E-me'si-a.* [From 
 epiio, to “vomit.”] The act of vomiting. 
 
 E-met'ic. ^ [Emet'ieus; from the 
 same.] (Fr. Emetiqne, a'mAtek'.) Hav- 
 ing power to excite vomiting. Also, a 
 medicine which causes vomiting. 
 
 E-met-i-co-lo'gi-a.* [From emet'i - 
 cus, “emetic,” and Xoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on emetics. 
 
 Em'e-tin, or Em'e-tine. [Emeti'- 
 aaa; from emet'icus , “emetic.”] The 
 principle on which the emetic virtues of 
 ipecacuan depend. 
 
 Emetique. See Emetic. 
 
 Em-el-ol'o-gy. The doctrine or sci- 
 ence of emetics. 
 
 E-mis'sion. [Einls'sio, o'nis; from 
 181 
 
EMM 
 
 EMP 
 
 e, “out” or “forth,” and mit'to, mis' sum, to 
 “send” or “throw.”] A sending forth. 
 
 Eiis-men a-gogue. [Emmenago - 
 
 g'tis; from ippnvia, the “menses,” and 
 aycj, to “lead or carry away.”] Hav- 
 ing power to excite the discharge of the 
 catamenia. 
 
 Em-ine'ni-a.* [Gr. ipprivia ; from iv, 
 “in,” “at,” “by,” and pr/v, a “month.”] 
 The menses, or catamenial discharge. 
 
 Em-me-nol o-gy. [Emnienolo'- 
 gia; from ippivia, the “menses,” and 
 A 6yo;, a “discourse.”] That branch of 
 Physiology which treats of menstruation. 
 
 E-inoi'li-ent. [Einol' liens, plu- 
 ral Eiiiollieia'tia; from einol' lio , to 
 “soften.”] Softening or soothing an 
 irritated surface, or one harsh from 
 dryness. Emollient applications consist 
 chief! 3 r of oils, fomentations, poultices, etc. 
 
 Em-pa-tflie'ma, a tis.% [From epnaOfig, 
 “in a passion or violent emotion.”] Un- 
 governable passion; including excite- 
 ment, depression, and hair-brained pas- 
 sion, or the manie sans delire of Pinel. 
 
 Empetraceav* em-pe-tra'she-e. A 
 small natural order of exogenous shrubs, 
 found in Europe and America. 
 
 Em'plily-sifs.^ [From iv, “in” or 
 “on,” and ipXvoig, an “eruption.”] A 
 vesicular tumor or eruption on the skin. 
 
 Em-plsy'ma, a tis.* [From iv, “in” 
 or “ within,” and (pvo), to “produce,” to 
 ‘‘grow.”] A tumor originating below 
 the integuments. 
 
 Em-phy-senia, sit is. % [From ipupv- 
 cact), to “inflate.”] A collection of air in 
 the cellular texture under the skin, or 
 beneath the pleural and interlobicular 
 cellular tissue of the lungs. 
 
 Em-pliy-sem 'a-tous. [Einphy- 
 semato'sus; from emphyse'ma.] Of 
 the nature of emphysema. 
 
 Em-pir'ic. [Empir'icus; from ip- 
 •ncipiKoq, “experienced,” “experimental.”] 
 A practitioner whose skill is the result 
 of mere experience. Generally used 
 synonymously for a “quack.” 
 
 Em-pir'I-cal. [Empir'icus.] Be- 
 longing to an empiric, or to a quack. 
 
 [Empiricis'nius; 
 from ipnapia, “experience.”] (Fr. Empi- 
 risme, oM'p&'r£zm\) The knowledge of 
 physic acquired by experience alone, as 
 contradistinguished from that in which 
 a thorough acquaintance with general 
 principles (such as the great laws of 
 physiology, chemistry, etc.) is combined 
 with the knowledge derived from expe- 
 rience; commonly applied, however, to 
 quackery. 
 
 182 
 
 Em-plas'trtini,* plural Em-plas'- 
 tra. [Gr. epnXaor^os ; from iv, “on,” and 
 ■nXaocu), to “form,” to “mould,” to 
 “spread.”] (Fr. Empldtre, oM'pl&tit'.) A 
 plaster of any kind : usually formed of 
 a solid tenacious compound, adhesive at 
 the ordinary temperature of the human 
 body. 
 
 The limits of Ihe present work 
 forbid the insertion of all the Emplastra 
 of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. Only a few, 
 the directions for the preparation of 
 which are comparatively simple and 
 brief, are here given. For the others 
 the inquirer is referred to pp. 135-142 
 of the Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Eniplas'truni Acl-hse-si'vunn.* 
 The Emplastrum Resina, which see. 
 
 Emplas trum Ar'nl-^ae.* (“Plas- 
 ter of Arnica.”) Take of alcoholic extract 
 of arnica, a troyounce and a half, resin 
 plaster, three troy ounces. Add the ex- 
 tract to the plaster, previously melted by 
 means of a water-bath, and mix them. 
 
 Emplas trum Pi'cis Bur-gun'di- 
 (“Plaster of Burgundy Pitch.”) 
 Take of Burgundy Pitch, seventy-two 
 troyounces; yellow wax, six troyounces. 
 Melt them together, strain, and stir con- 
 stantly until they thicken on cooling. 
 
 Emplas'triiin Pi'cis Caii-a-clcn'- 
 sis.* (“Plaster of Canada Pitch, or 
 Hemlock Pitch.”) The directions for 
 preparing this plaster, and the propor- 
 tion of the ingredients, are the same as 
 the preceding, with the single exception 
 that Canada Pitch is substituted for 
 Burgundy Pitch. 
 
 Enip las' t rum Re-si 'use* (“Plaster 
 of Resin”), commonly called Adhesive 
 Plaster, or Resin Plaster. Take of resin 
 in fine powder, six troyounces; plaster 
 of lead, thirty-six troyounces. To the 
 plaster, melted over a gentle fire, add 
 the resin, and mix them. 
 
 Emplatre, om'platit'. The French 
 word for “plaster.” See Emplastrum. 
 
 Em-pres'ina, a tis.% [From iv, “ with- 
 in,” and npridio, to “burn.”] Internal in - 
 flammation ; a term employed in its sim- 
 ple sense by Hippocrates, and revived by 
 Hr. Good as a generic term for all those 
 visceral inflammations generally distin- 
 guished by the suffix -it is. 
 
 Em-pros-thot'o-iios.* [From fy- 
 npooBcs, “forwards,” and reivu, to 
 “stretch.”] Literally, “a stretching o* 
 bending forwards.” A variety of Tetanus. 
 
 Em-py-e'ma. a tis* [From iv, “ with- 
 in,” and Trios, “pus.”] A collection cf 
 pus in the cavity of the chest. 
 
EMP 
 
 END 
 
 Eain-py-e'sis.* [From ipirvia), to " sup- 
 purate.”] A genus of diseases charac- 
 terized by phlegmonous pimples, which 
 gradually till with purulent fluid : as 
 Variola, Varicella, etc. 
 
 Em'py-o-^ele . 5 [From iv, "in,” nvov, 
 "pus,” and K>j\r), a "tumor.”] A collec- 
 tion of pus within the scrotum. 
 
 Em-py-owi'pllia-lMS.* [From iv, 
 “in,” 7 rvov, “pus,” and dp^aXoq, the 
 "navel.”] A collection of pus about 
 the navel. 
 
 Em-py-refk'ma, a tis.* [From e/v ru- 
 pcvu), to "kindle.”] A peculiar disagree- 
 able smell of animal and vegetable mat- 
 ter when burned in close vessels. 
 
 Em-pj^-reu-mat/ic. [Eanpyr«&i- 
 mat'icus.] Belonging to empyreuma. 
 
 E-niail'&ent. [Emul'gens, era 'tis ; 
 from emul'geo, emxil'snm, to "milk out.”] 
 Straining through. Applied to the ves- 
 sels of the kidneys, supposed to strain 
 the serum through the kidneys. 
 
 E-znuI'sin, or E-unral'siiie. The 
 same as Amygdalin, which see. 
 
 E-mul'sion. [Easml'sio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The expressed oil of 
 seeds, or kernels, diffused through water 
 by the medium of the sugar, mucilage, 
 and fecula which they contain. 
 
 E-aranaic'fco-ry. [Eimiracfto'riaas ; 
 from emun'go, emunc' turn , to " carry off.”] 
 Applied to the excretory ducts of the 
 body. 
 
 En (ev). A Greek preposition signi- 
 fying "in,” or "within.” Before b, m, 
 and/j, it is changed to m; as, Embolus, 
 something which is "thrown into” the 
 arteries, veins, etc. 
 
 En-ae-®-re'ma, at is.* [From ivaiopio- 
 pcu, to "float.”] The nubecula which 
 floats, or is suspended, in the middle of 
 the urine. 
 
 En-am'cl. (Fr. Email, &'mal\) Avery 
 hard, compact, white substahce, investing 
 the crown of the teeth. See Tooth. 
 
 Eai-ara-tHie'sis.* [From iv, and avQSoj, 
 to "blossom.”] Rash exanthem, in- 
 cluding scarlet fever, measles, and nettle- 
 rash. 
 
 Era-ar-tSiro'sis.* [From iv, "in,” 
 and apQpov, a "joint.”] The ball-and- 
 socket joint. A variety of the class 
 Diarthroses. 
 
 ZEai-can'tlhLiis.* [From iv , "in,” and 
 kciv9o;, the "angle of the eye.”] A small 
 red excrescence on the Caruncula lach- 
 rymals and semilunar fold of the Con- 
 junctiva. 
 
 Encantlms. See Excanthis. 
 
 En-^epli-a-la'ta.* [From enceph’- 
 
 alon, the "brain.”] A name sometimes 
 applied to the Vertebrata, or highest of 
 the grand divisions of animals, com- 
 prising such as have a brain enclosed in 
 a case of bone. 
 
 Era-$eph-a-li'tis, i die.* [From iy- 
 KstiaXos, the "brain.”] Inflammation of 
 the brain and its membranes. 
 
 Era-£epIi'a-llo-$efle.* [From iyKEpa- 
 Xof, the "brain,” and xn\r}, a "tumor.”] 
 Protrusion of a portion of the brain 
 through a preternatural opening in the 
 skull : Hernia cerebri. 
 
 En-$eph'a-Ioid. [Emcepltoatoa'- 
 des; from iyictydSos, the "brain.”] Re- 
 sembling the substance of the brain. 
 
 Eai-^eph-a-Bo-flo'g , S-a.' ;: ' : ’ [From iy- 
 K£(()a\oi, the "brain,” and \6yog, a "dis- 
 course.”] A description of the brain ; 
 also, the science of the brain : encepha- 
 lol'ogy. 
 
 En-$ep&i-a-lo'no$, a tis.* [From iy- 
 K£<pa\og, the "brain.”] The Hernia cerebri. 
 
 Era-$epBi'a-B<»ra.* [Gr. iyictyaXov; from 
 iyidcjxiXog, the "brain.”] The brain ; the 
 contents of the skull, consisting of the 
 cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, 
 and membranes. 
 
 Em-$ep5a-a-lo'sis.* The progress of 
 Encephaloma. 
 
 EQi*€honi*dro'ina, a tis* [From iv, 
 "in” or "within,” and x bvdpog, a "carti- 
 lage.”] A cartilaginous tumor or growth 
 proceeding from the bones, and, there- 
 fore, deep "within.” 
 
 Em-eBaoii'drws.* [From iv, "in,” 
 and xovSpog , a " cartilage also, a " grain.”] 
 Cartilaginous : enchon'drous. Also, 
 
 having grains: granular. 
 
 Em-^yst'ed. [From iv, "in,” and kvj- 
 rig, a " bag.”] Enclosed in a cyst, or sac. 
 
 En-dem'ic, Eai-de'iraa-al. [Ea- 
 dem'icns, or Eadc'mins; from iv, 
 "in,” and Srjpog, a "people,” a " district.”] 
 Belonging to a particular district. 
 
 Em-de^'mie, Era-deB*”iraa£'ie. [En« 
 der'miens, or Endermat'icus; from 
 iv, "in” or "on,” and dippa, the "skin.”] 
 Applied to the method of rubbing medi- 
 cines into the skin, or sprinkling them 
 on the denuded surface where a blister 
 has previously been formed. 
 
 Era-d©-l*a , aii-etai-a'tras.* [From ev- 
 b ov, "within,” and ppayxia, "gills.”] En- 
 dobran'chiate. Applied in the plural 
 neuter ( Endobranehia'ta ) to a family of 
 Anellata which have no external bran- 
 chi se. 
 
 Era-dra-caar'di-al. [Eaidocardia'lis ; 
 
 from evbov, "within,” and Kapbca, the 
 "heart.”] Within the heart. 
 
 183 
 
END 
 
 ENS 
 
 En-do-car-di'tis, i dis* [From the 
 same.] Inflammation of the lining 
 membrane of the heart. 
 
 En-do-car'di-um.* [From the same.] 
 The lining membrane of the heart. 
 
 En'do-carp. [Endocar'pus ; from 
 svdov, “within,” and Kaunas, “fruit.”] 
 Applied in Botany to the inner mem- 
 brane of a pericarp : the putamen. 
 
 En-do-gas-tri'tis, i dis* [From cv- 
 tiov, “ within,” and yaarfip, the “ stomach.”] 
 Inflammation of the lining membrane 
 of the stomach. 
 
 En'do-g’en. An endogenous plant. 
 
 Eii'do^'e-nous. [Endog'enu§; 
 
 from cvbov, “within,” and ycv a>, to “be 
 born,” to “grow.”] Applied to stems in 
 which the new matter by which they 
 increase in diameter is added at the 
 centre. The palm-tree is an example 
 of an endogenous plant. 
 
 En-do-lym'plm.* [From mW,“ with- 
 in,” and lym'pha, “water.”] The small 
 portion of fluid in the labyrinth of the 
 ear: en'dolymph. 
 
 En'do-plast. [Endoplas'ta ; from 
 tviov, “within,” and nXaaau ), to “form.”] 
 The contents of animal and vegetable 
 cells, consisting of vesicular bodies, into 
 which much nitrogen enters. 
 
 En-do-pleii'ra.'* [From evdov , “ with- 
 in,” and 7 r\cvpa, the “side.”] Collectively, 
 the three coats of the seed, which in the 
 ovule were the Tercine, Quartine, and 
 Quin tine. 
 
 En-do-rhi'zous. [Endorki'zus ; 
 
 from evdov, “within,” and pi^oco, to “take 
 root.”] Having the radicle enclosed in 
 a sheath. 
 
 En'do-Skel'e-ton. [From evdov, 
 “ within,” and okcXctov , a “skeleton.”] 
 The ordinary skeleton of Vertehrata. 
 
 En-dos'mic. [Endos'micns.] Be- 
 longing to endosmose. 
 
 En-dos-inom 'c-ter. [Endosmom'- 
 etriim; from endosmo’ 8\8, and perpov, a 
 “ measure.”] An instrument for show- 
 ing the gradual progress of endosmose, 
 
 En-dos-vnose'. [Endosino'sis; 
 from evdov, “in” or “within,” and coopdg, 
 “impulsion.”] A peculiar movement in 
 liquids separated by a membrane, by 
 which the rarer fluid passes through the 
 membranous partition into the cavity 
 containing the denser fluid. This term 
 is given to the action of the liquid ab- 
 sorbed internally. 
 
 Eii'do-Kpenn. [Endosper'ina, a tis; 
 from evdov, “ within,” and aneppa , a “ seed.”] 
 The albumen between the integuments 
 and the embryo. 
 
 184 
 
 En'dos-tome. [Endos'toma, at?**; 
 from evdov, “within,” and or opa, a 
 “mouth.”] The inner opening of the 
 ovula. 
 
 En'dos-tome. [Endosto'ma, at is ; 
 
 from evdov, “within,” and osteo'ma.] A 
 chronic tumor within a bone. 
 
 Enduat. See Coated. 
 
 Enecia,* e-ne'she-a. [From tiveKfis, 
 “continuous.”] A generic term employed 
 by Dr. Good to denote continued fever. 
 
 En'e-ma, a tis* [From evir/pt, to “in- 
 ject.”] A medicine thrown into the 
 rectum; a clyster, or glyster; an injec- 
 tion. 
 
 En-ep-I-der'mic. [From ev, “on,” 
 and epidermis, the “cuticle.”] A term 
 denoting the application of medicines, 
 such as plasters, blisters, etc., to the 
 skin. See Endermic. 
 
 En'er-gy. [Ener'gia; from ivepyeio, 
 to “be active.”] The force exercised by 
 any power: as, nervous energy, vital 
 energy, etc. 
 
 E-ner'vaMng (or en'er-vat-ing). 
 [Ener'vans ; from ener'vo , enema' turn , 
 to “weaken.”] Destroying the energy 
 of the nervous system. 
 
 E-ner'vis,* E-ner'vI-us.* [From 
 e, negative, and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] 
 Having no rib, or nerve : ener'vious. 
 
 Enfant, Enfanoe. See Infant, and 
 Infancy. 
 
 Engelure, oNzh'liiR'. The French 
 term for Chilblain, which see. 
 
 En-g-or&c'inent. [From the French 
 enc/orcjer, to “choke up.”] A state of 
 vascular congestion. 
 
 En-ne-a-gyn'i-ous, or En-ne-ag'- 
 yn-ous. [Eiinea^yn'ins; from iwca , 
 “nine,” and ywr\, a “woman” or “fe- 
 male.”] Applied to an order of plants 
 having nine pistils. 
 
 En-ne-an'dri-a.- [From iwca, “nine,” 
 and aurip , “mkn” or “male.”] The ninth 
 class of plants in Linnaeus’s system, com- 
 prising those which have nine stamens. 
 
 En-ne-a-pet'a-lous. [Ennoapet- 
 alns: from iwca , “nine,” and v eraXov, a 
 “petal.”] Having nine petals. 
 
 Ennui (Fr.), &n'we\ Weariness; irk- 
 someness ; languor of mind from the 
 lack of occupation. 
 
 E-node'. [Eno'dis; from e, nega- 
 tive, and no'dns, a “knot.”] Having no 
 knots, or joints. 
 
 En-os-to'sis.* [From ev, “in,” and 
 darcoy, a “bone.”] A tumor occurring in 
 the medullary canal of a bone. 
 
 Ens. [The present participlo of es T sc, 
 to “ bo.”] A term in Chemistry de- 
 
ENS 
 
 ENT 
 
 noting a substance supposed to contain 
 in a small compass all the virtues of the 
 ingredients from which it is extracted. 
 
 En'sate* [Ensa'tiis; from en'sis, a 
 “ sword.”] Having the form of a sword. 
 Applied to an order or division of plants. 
 
 En 'si-la ran. [Ensafor'mis ; from 
 en'sis, a “sword.”] Like a sword. See 
 Xiphoid. 
 
 En'siforan Car'ti-la&e# The carti- 
 laginous extremity of the sternum, or 
 breast-bone. 
 
 Ens Mar'tis,- Fer riun Am-ino- 
 ni-a'tuin.* Ainmoniated iron, or mar- 
 tial flowers of the muriate of ammonia 
 and iron. 
 
 Ens-pri'mum.* A name given by 
 the alchemists to a tincture which they 
 supposed to have the power of transmu- 
 ting the metals. 
 
 Eats Ven'e-ris.* [From Ve’nus, an 
 alchemical name for “copper.”] The 
 ancient designation of the muriate of 
 ammonia and copper. 
 
 En-ta'si-a.* [From evraoig, a “vio- 
 lent straining.”] Applied by Good as a 
 generic name for trismus, tetanus, etc. 
 
 Em 'ta-sis.* [From iirrtiv o>, to “stretch.”] 
 A term denoting tension, and applied by 
 Good to constrictive spasm, cramp, 
 locked-jaw, etc. 
 
 Em'ter-a.* [From hrepa, the plural 
 of tvrepoif, an “intestine.”] The bowels, 
 or intestines. 
 
 Em-ter-ftl'gi-a.* [From zvrzpov, an 
 “intestine,” and u\yo ;, “pain.”] En'- 
 teralgy. Nervous pain in the bowels. 
 
 En-t$r'ic. [Emter'icus s from zvtz- 
 pov , an “intestine.”] (Fr. Enterique , on°'- 
 td'r^k'.) Belonging to the intestines. 
 
 En-ter'i-ca.* [From the same.] An 
 order in Good’s Nosology, comprising 
 diseases of the alimentary canal. 
 
 En-ter-i'tis, id is S' [From the same.] 
 Inflammation of the bowels. A genus 
 of the order Phfegmaside , class Pyrexise, 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Em'ter-o-^ele.* [From evrzpov, an 
 “ intestine,” and a “ tumor.”] Hernia 
 in which a portion of intestine is pro- 
 truded. 
 
 En-ter-og^'ra-phy. [Eaiteirogra'- 
 plaia; from srrspos, an “intestine,” and 
 yphfxo, to “describe.”] A description of 
 the intestines. 
 
 Em-ter-o-li-ttii'a-sis.* [From ivtz- 
 pov, an “intestine,” and Xtdiamg, “forma- 
 tion of stone.”] The formation of intes- 
 tinal concretions. 
 
 En-ter-ol i-thus.* [From evrepov , an 
 “ intestine,” and \idog, a “stone.”] Any 
 
 kind of concretion generated in tho 
 stomach and bowels. 
 
 En-ter-ol 'o-gy • [Emtei’olo'gia ; 
 from ivTipott, an “intestine,” and A oyog, a 
 “ discourse.”] That branch of science 
 (anatomical or physiological) which 
 treats of the intestines. 
 
 Eii-tpr^ora-pliy. [ Em tcrora ' pli b a ; 
 from eurepov, an “ intestine,” and pa-/>i7, a 
 “suture.”] The stitching or sewing to- 
 gether of the divided edges of the intes- 
 tine. 
 
 En ter-or-rBia'gi-a.* [From evrepov, 
 an “intestine,” and pnyi/vfju, to “burst 
 forth.”] Intestinal haemorrhage. 
 
 En 4er-or-rti<e'a.* [From evrepov, 
 an “intestine,” and pzio, to “flow.”] 
 Undue increase of the mucous secretion 
 of the intestines. 
 
 En-ter-os'-eBie-o-^eBe.'* [From zvte- 
 pov, an “ intestine,” oaxeov, the “ scrotum,” 
 and KriXr), a “ tumor.”] Scrotal hernia. 
 
 En-tcr-ot o- my. [ Enterota mia; 
 from evrepov, an “intestine,” and rzpvcj, 
 to “cut.”] Any cutting operation on 
 the intestines. 
 
 En-tter-o-zo'on.* [From zvrzpov, an 
 “intestine,” and {,wov, an “animal.”] 
 An animal living in the intestines, 
 
 Em-lliet'ic. [Enthet'icus ; from 
 lv, “in,” and riOnpu, to “place.”] Applied 
 to diseases arising from a morbific virus 
 being placed or implanted in the system, 
 as syphilis, leprosy, etc. 
 
 En-to»mo^ ra-ph^. [Entomogra'- 
 pBiia; from zvropov, an “insect,” and 
 ypaipw, to “ write.”] A description of in- 
 sects. 
 
 En'to*mokl. [En4omoi'<les; from 
 
 i ivTopov , an “insect,” and e'idog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling an insect. 
 
 Eniomofiine. See Chitixa. 
 
 En-to-inol'o-gy. [Entomolo'gia; 
 from zvropov, an “insect,” and A oyog, a 
 “discourse.”] The science of insects. 
 
 En-to-mom'e-ter. [Entoinom- 
 elrtisn; from zvropov , an “insect,” and 
 pzrpov, a “measure.”] An instrument 
 for measuring the parts of insects. 
 
 Eai-to-anopti'a-goiis. [Esitomopti'- 
 agus; from evropo <>, an “insect,” and 
 (f>'iy(o, to “eat.”] Eating, or feeding on, 
 insects. 
 
 Efli-to-mos'tra-eoMS. [Entomos'< 
 tracais; from zvropov, an “insect,” and 
 oerpavov, a “shell.”] Insects with shells. 
 Applied to a class or division of Crustacea. 
 
 En-to-mot'o-my^. [EntomoAo'mia 
 
 from zvropov, an “insect,” and rzpv w, t# 
 “cut.”] The dissection of insects. 
 
 En-top3i'y-tous. [Entopla'ytus 
 
 185 
 
ENT 
 
 EPI 
 
 from cvrog, “ within/’ and (pvrdv, a “ plant.”] 
 Growing within a plant. Applied to 
 parasitical fungi. 
 
 En-top-ter'y-g’Oid. [Entoptery- 
 
 g-oi'des; from cvrog, “ within,” and ptery- 
 goi'des.] Applied by Owen to the internal 
 pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 En-to-zo'a,* the plural of Entozoon. 
 
 En-to-zo'on.* [From cvrog, “ with- 
 in,” and Z,wov, an “ animal.’’] An animal 
 that lives within another. Applied in 
 the plural ( Entozo'a ) to a class or di- 
 vision of radiated animals. Among the 
 most important and common Entozoa 
 are the Tse'nia so' Hum (the ordinary 
 tape-worm), the As'caris lumbricoi' des, 
 the As'caris v ermicula' ris (or thread- 
 worm), and the Dis'toma hepat'icum. 
 
 Eii-tro'pi-um. :;: ‘ [From cv, “in,” and 
 rphw, to “turn.”] A disease in which 
 the eyelash and eyelid are turned in to- 
 wards the eyeball. 
 
 E-nu'cle-ate. [Enuclea'tus; from 
 e, “out of,” and nu'cleus , a “kernel.”] 
 Applied to tumors taken from the sub- 
 stance in which they were imbedded, 
 like a kernel from its shell. 
 
 En-u-re'sis.* [From evo^pco, to “be 
 incontinent of urine.”] Incontinency 
 of urine. A genus of the order Apoce- 
 noses , class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 E'o-cene. [From ccog, the “dawn.” 
 and xaivog, “recent.”] The lower tertiary 
 strata, regarded as the beginning or 
 dawn of the existing (or recent) condition 
 of creation, on account of the small pro- 
 portion of living species of animals found 
 in them. 
 
 Epacridacese,* e-pak-re-da'she-e. 
 A natural order of Exogens, mostly 
 shrubs, found in Australia and Polynesia. 
 They are remarkable for the beauty of 
 the flowers. 
 
 Ep-an'e-tus.* [From havirjpt, to 
 “relax,” to “remit.”] A term denoting 
 “remittent,” and applied by Dr. Good to 
 remittent fever, including the mild form, 
 the malignant form, and hectic fever. 
 
 Ep-esi-^e-plial ' ic. [Epenceplial 
 icus; from cm, “upon,” and cyxc<pa\o g, 
 the “brain.”] Situated on or over the 
 contents of the head or the brain. Ap- 
 plied the same as Neuroccipital. 
 
 Ep -en'dy-ma,af /«.*#' [From hcvdvw, to 
 “clothe upon,” to “cover.”] Literally, 
 an “upper garment.” The lining mem- 
 brane of the ventricles of the brain; also, 
 that of the cerebro- spinal axis. 
 
 Epli'e-lis, i: plural E-plicl'i-deS. 
 
 [From hi, “upon,” and j'Atoj, the “sun.”] 
 Freckles. See ^Estates. 
 
 186 
 
 E-phem'e-ra.* [From hi, “for,” 
 and ifytipa, a “day.”] A fever which runs 
 its course of the cold, hot, and sweating 
 stages in twelve hours. 
 
 Ephemera is also the name of a genus 
 of insects (popularly called the “day- 
 fly”), the entire period of whose exist- 
 ence, in their perfect state, is only about 
 twenty-four hours. 
 
 E-phem'e-ral. [Ephem'erus; from 
 the same.] Enduring one day. See 
 Ephemera. 
 
 Epfit-I-ar te&.* [From i(pa\\opai, to 
 “leap upon.”] Nightmare, or incubus: 
 a distressing state of feeling during 
 sleep, as of fright, and inability to call 
 for help : Oneirodyn'ia gra’vans. 
 
 Eph-I-dro'sis.* [From hi, inten- 
 sive, and t(5pow, to “sweat.”] Violent, 
 morbid perspiration. A genus of the 
 order Apocenoses, class Locales , of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. 
 
 Ephippium. See Sella Turcica. 
 
 Ep'I. A Greek preposition signifying 
 “on” or “upon,” “over,” “at,” “by,” 
 “for,” “after.” It is sometimes inten- 
 sive. The final i is generally dropped 
 before a word beginning with a vowel 
 or with h, as Epencepkalic for Epienee- 
 phalic ; Ephidrosis for Ephihidrosis, etc. 
 
 Ep'i-an. The same as Frambcesia, 
 which see. 
 
 Ep-I-foraii'<*hi-al. [Epibrancliia'- 
 lis; from hi, “upon,” and brauchia’/is, 
 “ branchial.”] Applied by Owen to the 
 upper portion of the branchial arch. 
 
 Ep-i-can'tliiis.* [From hi, “upon,” 
 and xavQog, the “corner of the eye.”] A 
 fold of skin covering the inner canthus. 
 
 Ep'I-carp. [Epicar'pus; from hi, 
 “upon,” and xapnog, “fruit.”] The ex- 
 ternal covering of the pericarp, commonly 
 called the skin of fruits. 
 
 Ep-I-car 'pi-urn.* The same as E pi- 
 carp, which see. 
 
 Ep-i-cliro'sis.* [From hi, “upon,” 
 and xpofa, to “paint.”] A macular or 
 spotted state of the skin, or a simple 
 discoloration of its surface. 
 
 Ep-I-col'ic. [Epioorions; from 
 hi, “upon,” and xroXov, the “colon.”] 
 Over the course of the colon on each side. 
 
 Ep-I-con'dyle. [Epicon'dylus; 
 from hi, “upon,” and xdvivXog, a “con- 
 dyle.”] The external protuberance of 
 the inferior end of the Os humeri. 
 
 Ep-I-co-roI'le-ns.* [From hi, 
 “upon,” and corolla, a “ corol.”] Ap- 
 plied to monopetalous, dicotyledonous 
 plants, in which the stamens are epigyn- 
 ous, or inserted above tho ovary. 
 
EPI 
 
 EPT 
 
 Ep-I-cra'nl-al. [Epicra'nlus.] 
 
 Situated on the cranium; belonging to 
 the epicranium , 
 
 Ep-I-cra'nI-um.* [From ini, “upon,” 
 and Kpaviov, the “cranium.”] The in- 
 teguments, aponeurosis, and muscular 
 expansion upon the cranium; the scalp. 
 
 Ep-i*cra'ni*us. i: A name sometimes 
 given to the occipito -frontalis muscle, 
 from its covering the cranium. 
 
 Ep-i-dem'ic. [Epidem'icus; from 
 ini, “upon,” and <5 npog, a “people.”] Ap- 
 plied to any disease which seems to be 
 upon the entire population of a country 
 at one time, as distinguished, on the one 
 hand, from sporadic disease (or that which 
 occurs in insulated cases), and, on the 
 other, from endemic disease, or that which 
 is limited to a particular district. 
 
 Ep-I-dem-I-og'ra-pUy. [Epidem- 
 io^ra'pliia; from epide'mia, “epidemic 
 diseases,” and ypd />«, to “write.”] A 
 description of epidemic diseases. 
 
 Ep-i-dem-I-<>r©-£y. [Epidemio- 
 lo'gda; from epide' mia, “epidemic dis- 
 eases,” and \6yo; } a “discourse.”] A 
 dissertation on epidemic diseases; the 
 science of epidemic diseases. 
 
 Ep'I-dem-y. [Epide'mia; from ct-i, 
 “upon,” and dnpog, a “people.”] An 
 epidemic disease. 
 
 Ep-i-der'mic. [Epider'micus.] 
 
 Belonging to the epidermis. 
 
 Epidermtdold. See Epidermoid. 
 
 Ep-i-der'mis, i dis* [From in i, 
 “upon,” and Sippa, the “skin.”] The 
 external covering of the body; the cuti- 
 cle, or scarf-skin. Applied in Botany 
 to a thin membrane covering every part 
 of the plant; also, the outer covering of 
 grasses. 
 
 Ep-i-der'moid. [Epidermoi'des ; 
 
 from epider' mis, and eldog , a “form.”] 
 Resembling the epidermis. 
 
 Ep-i-did'y-mis, i dis.* [From ini, 
 “upon,” and did'ipn, the “testicles.”] An 
 oblong substance formed by numerous 
 convolutions of the Vas deferens , at- 
 tached to the upper part of the testicle 
 by vessels, and the reflected layer of 
 the tunica vaginalis, 
 
 Ep-i-^as-tral'gi-a.* [From epigas- 
 trium, and ixXyog, “pain.”] Pain in the 
 epigastrium. 
 
 Ep-i-g-as'tric. [Eplg’as'tricus.] 
 
 Belonging to the epigastrium. 
 
 Ep-i-g’as'tri-um.* [From ini, 
 
 “upon,” and yaarup, the “stomach.”] 
 That part of the abdomen immediately 
 over the sromach. 
 
 Ep-i ■ge'an, or Ep-I-ge'al. [Epi- 
 
 ge'us; from ini , “upon” or “above,” 
 and y» 7 , the “earth.”] Applied to cotyle- 
 dons that make their way above ground, 
 and appear like leaves. 
 
 Ep-I-gen'e-sis. :: [From ini , “at,” 
 
 “on,” or “after,” and yivopai, to “be 
 born,” implying that the existence of 
 the new being commences at or after the 
 act of conception; while the pre-exist- 
 ence of the germ is implied in the other 
 theories stated below.] The theory that 
 the embryo is the joint production of 
 both sexes, as distinguished either from 
 the doctrine that the male parent fur- 
 nishes the germ and the female simply 
 the nidus , or resting-place, in which it is 
 nourished; or from the theory that the 
 female furnishes the germ, which is 
 merely quickened by the influence of the 
 male. See Generation. 
 
 Ep-i-glot'tic. [Epiglot'ticus.] 
 Belonging to the epiglottis. 
 
 Ep-I-glot-tid e-us.* [From epiglot 
 tis.] The same as Epiglottic, which see. 
 
 Ep-a-glot'tis, idis* [From ini, 
 “upon,” and yXcorrig, the “glottis,” or 
 “entrance to the windpipe.”] The car- 
 tilage at the root of the tongue which 
 forms a lid or cover for the aperture of 
 the windpipe. 
 
 Ep-ig'y-nons. [Epig'yniis; from 
 ini, “above,” arid ywri, a “ female ;” re- 
 ferring to the female portion of the 
 flower.] Applied to stamens when in- 
 serted above the ovary. 
 
 Ep-i-hy'al. [From ini, “upon” or 
 “above,” and hyoi'des, “hyoid.”] Ap- 
 plied by Owen to a triangular piece of 
 bone, pretty constant in fishes, whi.?h 
 articulates above to the Stylohyal. 
 
 Epilampsis, or Epilampsia. See 
 Eclampsia. 
 
 Ep-i-lep'sy. [Epilep'sia; from b.i - 
 \apSavw, to “seize upon.”] A disease 
 which attacks persons suddenly, con- 
 sisting of convulsions, with coma, and 
 generally frothing at the mouth; the 
 falling sickness. A genus of the order 
 Spasmi , class Neuroses, of Cullen’s No- 
 sology. 
 
 Ep-i-lep'tic. [Epilep'ticus.] Be- 
 longing to epilepsy. 
 
 Epileptics© Aura?. See Aura Epi- 
 
 LEPTICA. 
 
 Ep-a-lep-ti-for'inis.* [From epi- 
 lep'sia. ] Like epilepsy : epilep'tiform. 
 
 Ep-I-lep'toid. [Epileptoi'des ; 
 
 from epilep'sia, and el dog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling epilepsy. 
 
 Ep-!-meTiis. ;i: [From ini, “upon.” 
 and fxiipog, the “thigh.”] One of tho 
 
 isr 
 
EPI 
 
 EPI 
 
 lateral pieces of the thorax in insects. 
 
 Epiue (Fr.), a'p£n'. See Spine. 
 
 Ep-i-nyc'tis,* plural Ep-a-uyc'ti- 
 lies. [From «ri, “on,” “at,” or “by.”] 
 Eruptions which appear on the skin by 
 night and disappear during the day. 
 
 Ep-I-peta-lous. [Epipetaleus, 
 Epipetalus; from ini, ‘“upon,” and ni- 
 tclXov, a “ petal.”] Situated on the petals. 
 
 Ep>I-phlfle'um. $ [From ini, “ upon,” 
 and (bXoiog , “bark.”] The layer of bark 
 next the epidermis. 
 
 E-pipIi'o-ra.* [From inupipopai, to 
 “be borne upon,” to “rush upon as a 
 flood.”] A superabundant secretion of 
 tears. A genus of the order Apocenoses, 
 class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. Also, 
 an overflowing of tears in consequence 
 of an obstruction of the lachrymal duct. 
 
 Ep-i-plirag'ma, a tis* [From ini, 
 “ upon,” and < ppdypa , a “ partition.”] 
 The slender membrane which sometimes 
 shuts the peristoma of mosses. 
 
 Ep-l-pliyl-lo-sper'inous. [Epi- 
 phyllosper'mus; from ini, “upon,” 
 ^vXXov, a “leaf,” and enkppa, a “seed.”] 
 Having seeds on the leaves. 
 
 Ep-i-pliyl'lous. [Epiphyl'lns ; 
 from ini, “upon,” and ivXXov, a “leaf.”] 
 Applied to flowers which grow on the 
 surface of a leaf, and also to parasitical 
 fungi on the leaves of other plants. 
 
 E-pipBi 'y-sis,* plural E-pipla-y-ses. 
 [From ini, “upon,” and <pmo, to “pro- 
 duce,” to “grow.”] A piece of bone 
 growing upon another, as the bulky ex- 
 tremities of long bones, which exist, for 
 a time, separate from the shaft. 
 
 Epi-phyte. [Epiph'yton; from 
 ini, “upon,” and Qvtov, a “plant” or 
 “germen.”] A parasitic plant or fun- 
 gus, which grows on the leaves of other 
 plants. 
 
 Ep-ip'lo-^ele.* [From ininXoov, the 
 “omentum,” and KfiXrj, a “tumor.”] Her- 
 nia in which a portion of the omentum 
 is protruded. 
 
 Ep-i-plo'ic. [Epiplo'icns.] Be- 
 longing to the epiploon, or omentum. 
 
 E-pip-lo-is'citi-o-^ele.* [From ini- 
 nXoov, the “omentum,” iax.iov, the “ischi- 
 um,” and Kri\r], “hernia.”] Hernia in 
 which the omentum protrudes through 
 the ischiadic foramen. 
 
 Ep-I-plo-i'tis, [From ininXoov, 
 
 the “omentum.”] Inflammation of the 
 epiploon ; also termed Omentitis. 
 
 Ep-I-plo-in^r'o-^ele.* [From ini- 
 nXoov, the “ omentum,” p-ipfig, the “ thigh,” 
 and Ki)\T), “hernia.”] Femoral hernia, 
 with protrusion of tho omentum. 
 
 188 
 
 Ep-ip-loin 'pha-lo-£ele.* [From 
 
 ininXoov, the “omentum,” dptyaXog, the 
 “navel,” and nr/Xt], “hernia.”] Hernia, 
 with protrusion of the omentum, at the 
 navel. 
 
 Ep-Ip'lo-on.* [Gr. ininXoov, “that 
 which is folded upon the intestines:” 
 allied to anXoog, “without fold,” and 
 dinXuog, “twofold.”] The omentum, or 
 epiploon. See Omentum. 
 
 Ep-i-plos'die-o-^ele.* [From ini- 
 nXoov, the “omentum,” dexcov, the “scro- 
 tum,” and nriXri, “hernia.”] Hernia, with 
 a portion of omentum, in the scrotum. 
 
 E-pis' -eli e-sis,* plural E-pis'clie- 
 ses. [Gr. iniox^ig; from inixco, to “hold 
 up,” to “check,” to “restrain.”] A sup- 
 pression of excretions. An order of the 
 class Locale s of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ep-i-spa'<Ii-as.* [From ini, “upon,” 
 and andCoo, to “pierce through.”] An un- 
 natural perforation of the penis, the ure- 
 thra terminating on the upper part of it. 
 
 Ep-i -spas' tic. [Epispas'ticus ; 
 from imendw, to “ draw upon,” or simply 
 to “draw.”] (Fr. Epispastique, &'p& - 
 sp&s'tek'.) Literally, “drawing.” Pro- 
 ducing a serous or puriform discharge, 
 by exciting previous inflammation: on 
 the principle of derivation or revulsion. 
 
 Epispastique. See Epispastic. 
 
 Ep 'I-spenn. [Episper'ina, a tis; 
 from ini, “upon,” and anippa, a “seed.”] 
 The whole integuments of a seed taken 
 together. 
 
 Ep-i-staplt-y-li'mis.* [From ini , 
 
 “upon,” and (rTcupvXfi, the “uvula.”] Be- 
 longing to the uvula: epistaph'yline. 
 
 Ep-i -Stax 'is.* [From inioraio), to 
 “distil.”] Bleeding at the nose. A genus 
 of the order Hsemorrhagise, class Pyrexise , 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ep-i -ster'nai. [Episterna'lis ; 
 from ini, “upon,” and ster'num, the 
 “breast-bone.”] Upon or above the 
 sternum. 
 
 Ep-i-tho'li-al. [Epittie'lius.] Be- 
 longing to the epithelium. 
 
 Ep-i-tlie'li-um.* [From ini, “upon,” 
 and OrjXh, the “nipple.”] The cuticle 
 covering the nipple, or any mucous mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Ep'i-tticm. [Epith'ema.ntio; from 
 
 ini, “upon,” and ndrjpi, to “place.”] A 
 term applied to any kind of external 
 application not comprised under the 
 head of ointments or blisters, such as 
 poultices, fomentations, etc. 
 
 Ep-i-ty m pa-n io. [ Epitynipnn '- 
 icus; from ini, “upon,” and tym'pan- 
 um.] Applied by Owen to the upper- 
 
EPI 
 
 ERG 
 
 most subdivision of the tympanic pedicle 
 which supports the mandible in fishes. 
 
 Ep-i-zo 'on,** plural Ep-I-zo'^u The 
 same as Ectozoon, which see. 
 
 Ep-I-zo-ot'ic. [Epizoot'icus; from 
 ini, “upon” or “against,” and < iwoi >, an 
 “animal.”] Applied to contagious dis- 
 ease attacking numbers of cattle at the 
 same time and place. 
 
 Ep-I-zo'o-ty. [Epizoo'tia.] Epi- 
 zootic disease. 
 
 Eponge, i'p&Nzh\ The French term 
 for Sponge, which sec. 
 
 Ep'soan Salts. The sulphate of mag- 
 nesia. See Magnesia Sulphas. 
 
 Ep-u'lis, idis* [From ini, “upon,” 
 and ov\a, the “gums.”] A small swell- 
 ing on the gums. 
 
 Ep-udot ic. [Epulot'ieus; from 
 ino )\6cj, to “cicatrize.”] Having power 
 to cicatrize. 
 
 Epurge, i'pUazh'. The French term 
 for Euphorbia Lathyris, which see. 
 
 E-quator. [JEqua'tor, o'rts; from 
 se'quo, asqua'tum, to “make equal.”] A 
 great circle of the earth, equidistant 
 from the two poles, and separating the 
 globe into northern and southern hemi- 
 spheres. 
 
 Eq'ut-clse.* [From e f qnua , a “horse.”] 
 Applied to a family of Mammals having 
 the horse for its type. 
 
 E-qul-lib'ri-um. [^Equilibrium ; 
 from se'que, “equally,” and li'bro, to 
 “ balance.”] Equipoise. Often applic l 
 to the equality of temperature which all 
 bodies on the earth are constantly tend- 
 ing to attain (see Caloric), and to the 
 equal distribution of the electric fluid in 
 its natural undisturbed state. 
 
 E-qui'nl-a.* [From e r quits, a “horse.”] 
 (Fr. Morve , monv.) A disease of horses 
 called Farcy, or Glanders. See Farcy. 
 
 E-qui-noc'tial. [JEquinoctia'lis.] 
 Belonging to the equinox. 
 
 E qul-nox. [iEquinoc'tium; from 
 sequ'us, “equal,” and nox, “night.”] The 
 time when the days and nights are of 
 equal length all over the earth. 
 
 Equisetaceae,* ek-we-se-ta'she-e. A 
 natural order of cryptogamous plants 
 (or Gymnosperms ), found in ditches and 
 moist places. It includes the Equise'tum 
 (Horse-tail), which is rendered useful 
 for polishing furniture, by a large quan- 
 tity of silex in the cuticle. 
 
 Eq-ul-se-ta'ceous. [Equiseta'- 
 ceus.] Resembling the Equisetum. See 
 Equisetace^e. 
 
 Eq'ul-tant. [Eq'uitans; from 
 eq'uitOy equita'tum, to “ride.”] Lami- 
 
 nated,* riding, or folded one upon an- 
 other. 
 
 Eq-ul-ta'*a©n. [Equita'tio, o’nis; 
 
 from the same.] Exercise on horseback ; 
 riding. 
 
 E-quiv'a«lents« [JEquivalen'tia; 
 
 from sequiva'leo, to “be of like value.”] 
 The system of definite ratios in which 
 elements always combine, referred to a 
 common standard reckoned unity. Thus, 
 1 is the equivalent number of hydrogen, 
 8 of oxygen, 28 of lime, 20 of magnesia, 
 48 of potash, 54 of nitric acid, and 40 
 of sulphuric acid: hence, if hydrogen 
 combines with oxygen, it is always in 
 the proportion of 1 to 8; so if nitric 
 acid is saturated with lime, the com- 
 pound (nitrate of lime) will be in tho 
 proportion of 54 of the acid to 28 of 
 lime; the nitrate of magnesia, in tho 
 proportion of 54 of the acid to 20 of mag- 
 nesia, etc.; so likewise when sulphuric 
 acid combines with magnesia, it is always 
 in the proportion of 40 to 20; if with 
 potash, of 40 to 48, etc. 
 
 Er'ba-um.* A newly - discovered 
 metal, occurring along with yttria. 
 
 E-rec'til© Tissue. [Te'la Ercc- 
 t ilis. See next article.] A peculiar tis- 
 sue, susceptible of erection, or rapid tur- 
 gescence, by an increased flow of blood 
 to the part. It is chiefly composed of 
 arteries and veins, the latter greatly 
 predominating, with cells or minute cavi- 
 ties communicating with each other. 
 
 E-rec'tor, or is* [From er'iyo, erec '- 
 turn , to “ erect.”] Applied to certain 
 muscles. 
 
 Er-e-ma-cau'sis.* [From npeya, by 
 “degrees,” and namig, a “ burning.”] 
 The slow combustion, or oxidation, to 
 which organic bodies are liable. 
 
 Er'e-ttoisin. [Erethis'mus; from 
 epzQifa, to “irritate.”] The state of 
 increased sensibility and irritability 
 attending the early stage of acute dis- 
 eases, or the excessive use of mercury. 
 
 Er-e-tlais'mus Trop'i*cus.* 
 
 (“Tropical Erethism.”) A name ap- 
 plied by recent writers to that morbid 
 condition of the system which results 
 from a sunstroke. 
 
 Ergot. See Ergota. 
 
 Er-go'ta.* [From the French Erqot , 
 eR'go', “spurred rye.”] Er'got. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name |] of the seed, dis- 
 eased by a paras tic fungus, of Seca'le 
 cerea'le, or rye. Ergot has the remark- 
 able property of exciting powerfully the 
 contractile force of the uterus, and it is 
 chiefly employed for this purpose. Its 
 189 
 
ERG 
 
 ERY 
 
 long-continued use, however, is highly 
 dangerous. Bread made of flour con- 
 taining ergot, has not unfrequently occa- 
 sioned, in Europe, fatal epidemics, usu- 
 ally attended with dry gangrene. 
 
 Er'g'o-tism. [Ei gotis'mus.] The 
 poisonous effects of ergot of rye. 
 
 Ericaceae,* er-e-ka'she-e, or Er'i- 
 A natural order of exogenous 
 shrubs or under-shrubs, found in Europe, 
 Asia, America, and South Africa. It in- 
 cludes the Arbutus, Azalea, EWco(Heath), 
 Kahnia, Rhododendron, and other genera 
 prized for the beauty of their flowers. 
 The plants of this order are generally 
 astringent and diuretic. 
 
 E-rig-'er-on.* [From rip,“ spring,” and 
 yipcjy, an “old man;” because it is hoary 
 in spring.] Fleabane. The Pharma- 
 copoeial name (U.S. Pli.) for the herb of 
 Erig'eron heterophyVlum , and of Erig ' - 
 eron PliiladeV phicum. 
 
 Erag^eroEi Can-a-den'se.* Canada 
 Fleabane. The Pharmacopceial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the herb of Erig eron Cana- 
 dense. 
 
 Ea’iocaMlaceae,* e-re-o-kau-la'she-e, 
 or E-ri-o-cau-lo'ne-se.* [From Erio- 
 eau'lon, one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of endogenous plants, found in 
 marshes in Australia and tropical Ame- 
 rica. 
 
 E-ro'ded. [Ero'sns; from e, “out,” 
 and ro’ do, ro’sum, to “ gnaw.”] A botani- 
 cal term signifying “notched.” 
 
 E-ro'dent. [Ero'deits; from the 
 same.] Eating out, or eating away. 
 
 E-ro'sion. [Ero'sio, o'nis ; from 
 the same.] An eating or gnawing away. 
 Similar to Ulceration. 
 
 E-rot'ic. [Erot'iciis; from epcog, 
 cpcoTog, “ love.”] Pertaining to love ; 
 arising from love. 
 
 E-ro-to-ina'ni-a.* [From rpwj/fl ove,” 
 and pavia, “madness.”] Melancholy, or 
 madness, caused by love. 
 
 Er-rat'ic. [Errat'icus; from er'ro, 
 erra'tum, to “wander.”] Wandering; 
 moving from one place to another. 
 
 Erreur de Elen. See Error Loci. 
 
 Er'rBiKne. [ErrSii'nws ; from cv, 
 “in,” and piv, the “nose.”] A medicine 
 which increases the natural secretion of 
 the membrane lining the nose : sternu- 
 tatory. 
 
 Er ror Eo'ci.* (“ Mistake of Place or 
 Position.”) (Fr. Errenr de Lieu, er'ruR' 
 deh le-uh'.) A term formerly applied to 
 certain derangements in the capillary 
 circulation. Boerhaave conceived that 
 the vessels for the circulation of blood, 
 190 
 
 lymph, and serum, were of different 
 sizes ; and that when the larger-sized 
 globules passed into the smaller vessels 
 the obstruction caused inflammation. 
 
 E-rue-ta'tion. [Eructa'tio, o'nis; 
 from eruc'to , eructa’lum, to “belch.”] 
 Any sudden burst of wind, or liquid, 
 from the stomach, by the mouth. 
 
 E-rupt'. [See next article.] To burst 
 through ; as a tooth through the gum. 
 
 E-riip'tion. [Erup'tio, o'nis; from 
 e, “out,” and rnm'po, rup'tum, to “ burst” 
 or “ break.”] A discoloration, or break- 
 ing out of pimples on the skin. 
 
 E-rup'tlve Fe'vers. A designation 
 applied by Dr. Good to diseases belong- 
 ing to his order Exanthematica. 
 
 Er-va-Ien'ta.* A powder of farina 
 obtained from Ervum lens, or common 
 lentil. The dietetical use of it is said to 
 prevent constipation. 
 
 Ervnm Lens. See Ervalenta. 
 
 E-ryn'go. The -candied root of the 
 Eryn' gium Campes'tre, regarded by Boer- 
 haave as the first of aperient diuretic 
 roots. It is now but little used. 
 
 Er-y-sip' e-las, a tis* [From ipvOpog, 
 “red,” and ireXog, or 7rsXXa, a “skin.”] 
 (Fr. Etysipele, i'le'z^'pel' or ^'r^'z^'pil'.) 
 Redness or inflammation of some part 
 of the skin, with fever, inflammatory 
 or typhoid, and, generally, vesications 
 on the affected part, and symptomatic 
 fever. It is also called St. Anthony’s 
 Fire, Ig'nis Sa’cer (“Sacred Fire”), the 
 Rose, and other names. 
 
 Er-y-slp-e-la-tc-i'des.* [From ery- 
 sip'clas, and eitog, a “ form.”] Resembling 
 erysipelas: erysip'elatoid. 
 
 Erysipfcle. See Erysipelas. 
 
 Er-y-tlie'ma, aft*,* [From ipvQaivw, 
 to “ redden.”] (Fr. Erytheme , i'ri'tem'.) 
 Redness of a part; a mere rash or efflo- 
 rescence not accompanied by swelling, 
 vesication, or fever. 
 
 Erytltfcmc. See Erythema. 
 
 Er-y-thrse'a.* [From ipvOpalog, “ red.”] 
 A genus of plants of the class Pentan- 
 dria , natural order Genfianacesp. 
 
 Erytlirae'a Clcn-taa'rf-nin.* The 
 common centuary, or Chironia centau - 
 Hum. 
 
 E-rytln'ric A^'icl. [From tpvOpdg , 
 “red.”] An acid obtained by the action 
 of nitric acid on lithic acid, yeliow at 
 first, but becoming red by being exposed 
 to the sun’s rays. 
 
 Er'5th'rin, or Er'ytti-rlne. [Ery- 
 
 t hr in a; from iprOpog, “red.”] The 
 coloring matter of the Lichen roccella . 
 See Archil. 
 
ERY 
 
 ETH 
 
 Er-yth'rO‘gen. [Erytliroge'- 
 
 niuni; from ipvOpos, “red,” and yerrdio, 
 to “generate.”] Literally, “that which 
 produces red.” Applied to a peculiar 
 animal principle, considered as the base 
 of the coloring matter of the blood. 
 Also, a variety of Chromogen (the color- 
 ing matter of vegetables) ; because it 
 produces a red color with acids. 
 
 Er'y-ttiroid. [Erythroi'des; from 
 epvdpo;, “red,” and eldog, a “form,” “re- 
 semblance.”] Of a red color : reddish. 
 
 Er'ytliroid €oat. The vaginal coat 
 of the testis. 
 
 Er'ythroid Ves'i-cle. An enlarge- 
 ment of the (future) umbilical cord in 
 the embryo of most of the Ruminantia , 
 and of the pig. 
 
 E-ryth'ro-phyll, or Er'y-tliro- 
 phylle, called also Er'y-thro-phyl'- 
 
 lin» [From ep>0pog, “red,” and 0i3A Aoy, a 
 “leaf.”] A term applied by Berzelius to 
 the red coloring matter of fruits and 
 leaves in autumn. 
 
 Er-y-tiira'sis.* [From £pu0poj,“ red.”] 
 Pletho'ra arterio'sa. A form of plethora 
 in which the blood is rich in fibrin and 
 in bright red pigment ; a state corre- 
 sponding in some measure with what has 
 been termed the “arterial constitution.” 
 
 Erytliroxylaceae,* er-e-throx-e- 
 la'she-e. [From Erythrox'ylon, one of 
 the genera.] A natural order of exo- 
 genous trees and shrubs, found in South 
 America and the West Indies. 
 
 Er-y-tlirox'y-lon Co'fca.* A shrub 
 growing in South America, the leaves 
 of which (known by the name of coca) 
 are a powerful nervous stimulant; so that 
 those who chew them can work or travel 
 a whole day without food. 
 
 Escalloniacese,* es-kal lo-ne-a'- 
 she-e. [From Escallo'nia, one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 shrubs, found in temperate climates. 
 
 Es'ehar. [Es'ehara; from icxapoa), 
 to “scab over.”] The hard, black, or 
 gray slough caused by caustic or cautery. 
 
 Es-ehar-ot'ic. [ Eschar® t'icus.] 
 Applied to a substance which forms an 
 eschar. 
 
 Es'cu-lent. [Escalentns : from 
 es'co, to “feed upon a thing.”] Fit for 
 food. 
 
 Esculin. See AEsculin. 
 
 Eso-en-ter-i'tis.* [Fromecrco, “with- 
 in,” and enteri ' £<*.] Inflammation of the 
 mucous membrane of the intestines. 
 
 Es'o-gfas-tri'tis.* [From ecru, “with- 
 in,” and gastri'tis.\ Inflammation of 
 the mucous membrane of the stomach. 
 
 Es-o-ter'ic. [Esoter'icns ; from 
 e<rujT£pos, “within.”] Applied to a series 
 of phenomena or changes, resulting n\ 111 
 causes internal and proper to the organ- 
 ism. 
 
 Esprit, cs'pr£'. The French term 
 for “spirit” or “essence.” Any subtile 
 and volatile product of distillation. 
 
 Es'sence. [Essen' tin ; from es'se, 
 to “ be.”] The chief properties or vir- 
 tues extracted from any substance. 
 
 Es'sence of Su'gar. Oxalic acid. 
 
 Essen'tia (es-sen'she-a) Ab-i'e-tis.* 
 Essence of Spruce; prepared by boiling 
 in water the young tops of some conifer- 
 ous plant, as the Abies nigra , or Black 
 Spruce, and concentrating the decoction 
 by evaporation. 
 
 Essen'tia Bi'na.* A substance used 
 to color brandy, porter, etc.; prepared 
 by boiling coarse sugar till it is black 
 and bitter ; it is then made into a syrup 
 with lime-water. 
 
 Es-sen'tiiyl Oils. Oils obtained by 
 distillation from odoriferous vegetable 
 substances. They are also called vola- 
 tile oils. 
 
 Essen 'tial Salt of Lem ons. A 
 
 mixture of cream of tartar and binoxal- 
 ate of potash. 
 
 Es'se-ra.* [From the Arabic.] An- 
 other name for Nettle-Rash, or the Urti- 
 caria of Willan. 
 
 Estivation. See AEstivatio. 
 
 Estonia®, es'to'm&' or es'to'm&k'. The 
 French term for Stomach, which see. 
 
 Etage, jPt&zh'. The French term for 
 Stage, which see. 
 
 Etain, sPtaN®'. The French term for 
 Tin (or pewter), which see. 
 
 E'thal. A peculiar oily substance 
 obtained from spermaceti; also tei'med 
 hydrate of oxide of cetyl. The term is 
 formed of the first syllables of ether and 
 alcohol . 
 
 E'ther. [iE'ther, eris ; from aidr/p, 
 “air.”] A volatile liquor obtained from 
 alcohol and a concentrated acid. 
 
 E ther, Ni trous. [iE'ther Nitro'- 
 sus.] The ether obtained by distilling 
 equal weights of alcohol and concen- 
 trated nitric acid. 
 
 E'ther, Rec'tl-fiecl. [iE'ther Recti- 
 fica'tus.] Sulphuric ether freed from 
 the small portion of alcohol and sulphu- 
 rous acid wh : ch it contains, by the pro- 
 cess of rectification. 
 
 E'ther, Sul-phu'ric,oriE'ther Swl- 
 phu'ri-cus.* The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Ed. and Dub. Ph.) of ether obtained from 
 a mixture of rectified spirit and sulphurio 
 191 
 
ETH 
 
 EUN 
 
 acid; also called ^Ether vitriolicus . See 
 SPIRITUS iETHERlS SlJLPHURlCI. 
 
 El;ta6r€. See Ethereal. 
 
 E-itBie're-al. [AEtitie'reus, or iE- 
 tbe'rius; from se'ther,] (Fr. E there, 
 4'tVra'.) Applied to any highly rectified 
 essential oil or spirit. 
 
 Etlie'real Oil. The Oleum vini found 
 in the residuum of sulphuric ether, and 
 forming the basis of Hoffman's celebrated 
 anodyne. 
 
 Eth'er-in, or Eth'er-ine. A term 
 synonymous with olefiant gas, elayl, or 
 hydruret of acetyl. 
 
 E-tUier-I-za'tion. [AEtlieriza'tio, 
 
 o'm*«.] The inhaling the fumes of ether, 
 to produce insensibility to pain. 
 
 Et3i'er-©le. A carbo-hydrogen, com- 
 monly known as light oil of wine. 
 
 E-tBii-on'ic A$'id. An acid formed 
 by the action of sulphuric acid on ether 
 and alcohol. 
 
 EitBaaops Mineral. See iETHioPS 
 Mineral. 
 
 Etla'moid. [Etlimoi'des ; from 
 r/Opog, a " sieve,” and eUog, a "form.”] 
 Resembling a sieve; cribriform. 
 
 Etla'moid Bone. [Lat. Os Eth- 
 moi'denan; Fr. Os Cribleux, o kRe'- 
 bluh'.] One of the bones composing the 
 cranium ; so named because its upper 
 plate is pierced with a number of small 
 holes, through which pass the filaments 
 of the olfactory nerves. In Comparative 
 Anatomy, the term is restricted by Owen 
 to the part of the bone directly concerned 
 in supporting the membrane and cells 
 of the olfactory organ. 
 
 E&la-moi'dal. [Ethmoida'lis.] Be- 
 longing to the ethmoid bone. 
 
 EOi-nog’Va-pliy. [Etlmog’ra'plaia; 
 from edsog, a "nation,” and ypaipu), to 
 "write.”] The history of the manners, 
 customs, origin, etc., of nations. 
 
 Eth-n©l'o-gy. [EtBiia©l©'gia; from 
 iOvog, a " nation,” and Myog, a "discourse.”] 
 The science which treats of the different 
 nations and races of men, their correla- 
 tion, their anatomical, physiological, and 
 mental peculiarities, etc. 
 
 Elli'yle. [From aiOrip , "ether,” and 
 v\rj, "material.”] A hypothetical sub- 
 stance composed of hydrogen and ctherin, 
 and considered to be the radical of ethers 
 and their compounds. 
 
 E-ln-©-la'ti©n. [Eti©la'ti©, o'nt*.] 
 (Fr. Etiolement, &'t&'ormoN a ' ; from etiole , 
 "blanched.”) The state of being 
 blanched. Applied to certain plants from 
 which the light is excluded as much as 
 possible. 
 
 192 
 
 £ti©lement. See Etiolation. 
 
 Etiology. See ^Etiology. 
 
 Etotiftement, &'toof'moN°\ The 
 French term for Suffocation, which see. 
 
 Etourdissement, &'tooR'd£ss'mbNo'. 
 The French term for Vertigo, which see. 
 
 Efranglement, &'troN°'gTmbN°'. The 
 French term for Strangulation, which 
 see. 
 
 Et/y-mon.** [From trvpov, the neuter 
 of hvpog, "true.”] The true origin of a 
 word ; the radical word or root : hence, 
 Etymology, the science which explains 
 or treats of the derivation of words. 
 
 Eu'-chlo-riiie. [From tv, "fine,” and 
 XKwpog, "green.”] The name given by 
 Davy to the protoxide of chlorine, on ac- 
 count of its deep yellow-green color. 
 
 Eu-chroii'ic A$'id. [From tv, " fine,” 
 and \poa, "color.”] An acid procured by 
 the decomposition of the neutral medi- 
 tate of ammonia by heat. It forms a 
 blue compound with zinc, called Euchrone. 
 
 Eu-di-©m'e-ter. [Eu<li©iii'ctrimi ; 
 from evdia, "fine weather,” also "good- 
 ness of the air,” and perpew, to "measure.”] 
 An instrument to measure the purity of 
 the air or of any gaseous compound, or 
 the quantity of oxygen contained in it. 
 
 Efi-cBi-©m'e-try. [Eu<li©me'tria ; 
 from the same.] The method by which 
 the purity of atmospheric air is ascer- 
 tained. 
 
 Eu-ge'nl-a.* [From Prince Eugene 
 of Savoy.] A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Icosandria, natural order Myrtacem. The 
 name of the tree affording pimento. 
 
 Eug-e'nia Oar-y-o-phyl-la'ta.* The 
 tree which produces the clove; other- 
 wise called the Caryophyl'lns aromat'icus . 
 
 Euge nia Pi-men'ta.* The name 
 of the tree which yields pimento. 
 
 Eu-gen 'ic A$'id. [A^'idum Eu- 
 gen'iciim; from Euge'nia caryophyl- 
 la'ta, one of the names of the clove-tree.] 
 Called also Caryophyllic Acid, and 
 Heavy Oil of Cloves. An acid found 
 in cloves, along with a neutral salt. 
 Eu'genin is a crystallizable compound, 
 found also in cloves, and said to be 
 isomeric with eugenic acid. CaryopbyVlin 
 is another of these compounds. 
 
 Eu'nueti. [Eunin eliiis ; from tvvri, 
 a "couch,” and i\oi, to "keep,” to 
 "guard.”] (Fr. Ennuque, uh'niik'.) A 
 man in whom the sperm ato-poietic, or 
 entire genital organs have been re- 
 moved. So named because commonly 
 employed in the East, from a remote an- 
 tiquity, to guard the harem of princes. 
 
 Euiiuque. See Eunuch. 
 
EUO 
 
 EVO 
 
 Eu-on'y-mus.* Wahoo. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph., 1860) for the 
 bark of Euon'ymus atropurpu'reus. It is 
 recommended as a remedy in dropsy, and 
 is said to combine the virtues of a tonic 
 with those of a hydragogue cathartic and 
 diuretic. 
 
 Enpaioire. See Eupatorium. 
 
 Eu-pa-to'ri-uiii.* (Fr. Enpatoire, 
 uh'p&'tvvsiR'.) Thoroughwort. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the tops 
 and leaves of the Eupato'rium perfoli- 
 a'tum. 
 
 Euphorbe. See Euphorbia. 
 
 Eu-plior'bl-a.* [From Euphor'bus, 
 the name of a noted physician.] (Fr. 
 Epurge , d'piiRzh', or Euphorbe , uh'foRb'.) 
 A Linnsean genus of the class Dodecan- 
 dria , natural order Euphorbiacese. 
 
 Euphor bia Cor-ol-la'ta.* Large- 
 flowering Spurge. The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of Euphorbia 
 corollata. 
 
 Euphorbia Ip-e-cac-u-an'lia.* 
 
 Ipecacuanha Spurge. The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
 Euphorbia Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Enphor'bia ©f-fi$-i-na'lis,* Eu- 
 plior'bia Of-fic-i-na'rum.^ (“ Eu- 
 phorbia of the Shops.”) The plant which 
 produces Eupliorbium. 
 
 Euphorbiacese,* u-for-be-a'she-e. 
 [From Euphor'bia, one of the genera.] 
 A very large natural order of exogenous 
 plants, found in nearly all parts of the 
 globe. It includes the Ricinus (castor- 
 oil plant), Siphonia (the Caoutchouc, or 
 India-Rubber tree), and Croton , which 
 yields croton oil. A large proportion of 
 the plants of this order are poisonous. 
 The stem of Jatropha Manihot , or Cas- 
 sava, which when raw is a violent poison, 
 becomes a wholesome nutritious food 
 when roasted. This order is nearly allied 
 to the Malvacese and Rhamnacese. 
 
 Eu-phor-bi-a/ceous. [Euphor- 
 bia'ceus.] Resembling Euphorbia. See 
 Euphorbiaceas. 
 
 Eu-phor'bt-um.* A resinous sub- 
 stance obtained from the Euphorbia offi- 
 cinarum , and of undetermined species of 
 Euphorbia ; called, also, the Euphorbi.se 
 gummi-resina. 
 
 Eu'pi-on.* [From ev, “well,” or 
 “fine,” and Tvor>, “fat.”] A colorless 
 liquid, obtained by distillation from the 
 tar of animal matters, and so named from 
 its great limpidity. 
 
 Eu-plas'tic. [From ev, “well,” and 
 irXucrtf, “formation.”] A term applied by 
 Lobstein to the elaborated organizable 
 17* 
 
 mattcr by which the tissues of the body 
 are renewed. The same writer speaks 
 of another animal matter, the tendency 
 of which is softening and disorganiza- 
 tion : this he terms cacoplastic. 
 
 Eu-pyr'I-on.* [From ev, “easily,” 
 and Tnjp, “fire.”] Any contrivance for 
 obtaining an instantaneous light, as the 
 phosphorus-bottle, etc. 
 
 Eu-sta'cM-an Tube. (Fr. Trompe 
 [or Conduit, k6N°'dw£'] d’ Eustache, tr6>ip 
 dus't&sh'.) A tube or canal extending 
 from behind the soft palate to the tym- 
 panum of the ear, first described by 
 Eustachius. 
 
 Eustachian Valve. The semilunar 
 fold of the lining membrane of the heart, 
 anterior to the opening of the inferior 
 vena cava. 
 
 E-vac'u-ant. [Evac'uans; from 
 
 evac'iio, evacua'tum, to “empty.”] Hav- 
 ing the property of increasing evacua- 
 tions from the bowels, etc. 
 
 E-vac-u-a'tion. [Evacua'tio, o’nis; 
 from the same.] The act of discharging 
 the contents of the bowels, or defecation ; 
 also, the discharge itself; a dejection or 
 stool. 
 
 Evanouissement, &'v§,'nw&ss'moN a \ 
 The French term for Syncope, which 
 see. 
 
 E-vap-o-ra'tion. [Evapora'tio, 
 
 O '««; from e, “out,” and vapo'ro, ra po- 
 rn' turn, to “ steam,” to “ send out vapor.”] 
 The conversion of a liquid into vapor. 
 In Medicine, the transformation of a 
 liquid into vapor in order to obtain the 
 fixed matters contained in it in a dry 
 and separate state. 
 
 E-ven-tra'tion. [Eventra'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from e, “out of,” and ven'ter, the 
 “ belly.”] The condition of a monster- 
 foetus, in which the abdominal viscera are 
 extruded from the natural cavity, and 
 enclosed in a projecting membranous sac. 
 
 E-ven-tu-al'I-ty. The phrenological 
 term for the faculty of observing and 
 recollecting events, occurrences, etc. 
 
 Eversion of Eyelid. See Ectro- 
 pium. 
 
 Ev-O-lu'tioil. [Evolu'tio, o'nis ; 
 from e, “out,” and vol’vo , volu'Unn, to 
 “ roll ;” whence, evoVvo, to “roll out,” or 
 “unfold.”] Synonymous, generally, with 
 Development, which see. 
 
 Evolu'tion, Spon-ta'ne-ous. A 
 term applied to obstetrical cases where, 
 in the presentation or protrusion of the 
 arm and shoulder, spontaneous turning 
 takes place, and the case thus become* 
 one of breech-presentation. 
 
 193 
 
EVU 
 
 EXC 
 
 E-vul'sion. [Evul sio, o'nis ; from 
 e, “out,” and vel'lo , mil' sum, to “ pluck/* 
 to "pull.”] The act or process of draw- 
 ing out forcibly. 
 
 Ex, or E. A Latin preposition signi- 
 fying “out,” or “forth,” “out of,” 
 “from,” “beyond.” It often has the 
 force of “up;” as Exsiccation , a “drying 
 up.” Sometimes it is privative. Ex is 
 usually changed to / before a word be- 
 ginning with f ; as efferens for ex f evens. 
 Before the liquids, l, in, n, r, and also be- 
 fore b and v, e is used instead of ex. 
 
 Ex (££). A Greek preposition, signi- 
 fying “out.” See Ec. 
 
 Ex-a^-er-ba'tion. [Exacerba'tio, 
 o'nis ; from exacer’bo, exacerba' turn, to 
 “ become severe or sharp.”] An increased 
 force or severity of the symptoms of a 
 disease. 
 
 Exseresis,* ex-er'e-sis. [From 
 e^atpicj, to “take away,” to “remove.”] 
 One of the old divisions of Surgery, im- 
 v plying the removal of parts. 
 
 Ex-al-bti'mi-nous. [Exalfou'ini- 
 n us; fromer, “without,” and albu'men.] 
 Without albumen or perisperm. 
 
 Ex-an-gei'a,* or Ex-au-gi'a.* 
 [From e£, “out,” and dyytiov, a “vessel.”] 
 A term sometimes applied to diseases in 
 which the large vessels are ruptured, or 
 unnaturally distended. 
 
 Ex-a'ni-a.* [From ex, “out,” and 
 a'nus.] A prolapsus, or falling down, of 
 the anus. See Archoptosis. 
 
 Ex-an-tlie'ma,' plural Ex-an- 
 theui'a-ta. [From i^avQcoi, to “burst 
 forth as flowers,” to “bloom,” to “break 
 out in pustules.”] (Fr. Exantheme, ex'- 
 a-N^tein', or Elevure, Al&'viiR'.) A rash, 
 or eruption on the skin ; also called Ex- 
 anthisma. Applied in the plural to an 
 order of the class Pyrexise of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Ex-an-the-mat'ic. [Exaiitfie- 
 inat'icus.] Belonging to exanthema; 
 eruptive. 
 
 Ex-an-the-mad-ca.** [The neuter 
 plural of Exanthenuaticus. See Ex- 
 anthematic.] A name given by Dr. 
 Good to an order comprising all eruptive 
 fevers. 
 
 Ex-an-tliem-a-toro-g;y. [Exantlie- 
 matolo'gia; from exanthe'ina , “erup- 
 tion,” and Xoyoj, a “discourse.”] The 
 consideration of the exanthemata. 
 
 Ex-aii-thcm a-tous. [Exantlicma- 
 to'sus; from exanthe'ina , “eruption.”] 
 Pertaining to exanthemata; having ex- 
 anthemata. 
 
 Exantli$me. See Exanthema. 
 
 194 
 
 Ex-an-the'sls,* and Ex-an-tbis- 
 
 ma. ;: Nearly the same as Exanthema, 
 which see. 
 
 Ex-ar-thro'sis,* or Ex-ar-thro - 
 
 ma. ;; - [From cf, “out,” and apdpov, a 
 “joint.”] The same as Luxation. 
 
 Ex-cip'i-eut. [Excip'iens; from 
 excip'io, to “receive.”] Applied to the 
 substance used for receiving medicines, 
 or hiding their nauseous qualities in its 
 more pleasant taste, as the confections, 
 conserves, etc. 
 
 Ex-cis'ion. [Exci'sio, o'nis; from 
 ex, “out” or “off,” and scin'clo, sets' sum, 
 to “cut.”] The cutting out, or cutting 
 off, of any part. 
 
 Ex-ci-ita-bil'i-ty. [Excitabil'itas, 
 
 a 'tis; from ex'cito, excita'tum, to “call 
 forth,” to “raise up.”] The capacity of 
 organized beings to be affected by cer- 
 tain agents termed stimuli, excitants, or 
 exciting powers. 
 
 Ex-ci'tant. [Ex'citans; from the 
 same.] Exciting; stimulating. 
 
 Ex-ci-ta'tion. [Excita'tio, o'nis ; 
 from the same.] The act of rousing, or 
 quickening into active exercise, some 
 power or susceptibility. 
 
 Ex-el te'ment. [From the same.] The 
 state of being excited. 
 
 Ex-ci'ting Cause. That which ex- 
 cites, or is the immediate cause of, a dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Ex-cl'to-Mo'tor-y (or Ex-ea'to- 
 Mo'tor) Pow er. A peculiar power or 
 property seated in the spinal system of 
 nerves, by which, if their extremities be 
 excited, the impression is conveyed to 
 the spinal marrow, and reflected from 
 it to the part or limb excited. 
 
 Ex-co- ri-a'tion. [Excoria'ti®, 
 o'nis; from ex, “from,” and co'riuilt ; 
 the “skin.”] Abrasion or removal, par- 
 tial or complete, of the skin. 
 
 Ex'cre-ment. [Excremen'tum? 
 from excev'no, excre'tum, to “excrete,” 
 to “void by stool.”] The alvine faeces, 
 or waste matter discharged from the 
 bowels ; dung ; ordure. 
 
 Excronientitioiis.ex-kre-men-tish'- 
 us. [Excreiiienti'tius.] Belonging to 
 excrement. 
 
 Ex-cr£s-<rence. [Exorescen'tna; 
 
 from excres'co , to “grow out of.”] (Fr. 
 Excroissance, ex'kRw.VsdNSs'.) Any pre- 
 ternatural formation on any part of the 
 body. 
 
 Ex-cre'tiom. [Excre'tio, o’nis ; 
 
 from excer'no , excre'tum, to “ sift out,” to 
 “separate.”] The separation of those 
 fluids from the blood which are sup- 
 
EXC 
 
 EXO 
 
 posed to be useless, as urine, perspiration, 
 etc. : also, any such fluid itself. 
 
 Excr^toire. See Excretory. 
 
 Ex'cre-to-ry. [Excreto'rius; from 
 the same.] (Fr .Excretoire, ex'ku&'tw&R'.) 
 Having the power of separating and 
 throwing off what is superfluous ; be- 
 longing to excretion. 
 
 Ex'cretory Ducts. [Duc tus Ex- 
 creto'rii.] Small vessels that conduct 
 the secretion out of a gland. 
 
 Ex-cre'tus.* [See Excretion.] 
 Thrown off as superfluous or useless. 
 
 Excroissamce. See Excrescence. 
 
 Ex'e-dens.* [From ex'eclo , to “eat 
 out,” to “eat as a worm or sore.”] Eat- 
 ing; consuming. 
 
 Ex-em-bry-o-na'tns.* [From ex , 
 priv., and em'bryo , the “germ of a plant.”] 
 Having no embryo. Applied in the 
 plural feminine (Exembryona' tse) to the 
 Cryptocjamia. 
 
 Ex-fre-ta'ilon. [From ex , “out” or 
 “without,” and fee' t us.] Extra-uterine 
 foetation, or imperfect foetation in some 
 organ exterior to the uterus. See Eccy- 
 ESIS. 
 
 Ex-fo-H-a'tion. [Exfolia'tio, 
 
 o' ms ; from ex. “from,” or “off,” and 
 fo'lium , a “ leaf ;” whence exfo'Uo , exfo- 
 lia'tum , to “shed the leaf.”] The sepa- 
 ration or scaling off of a dead piece of 
 bone from the living; also, the separa- 
 tion of scales or laminae from any sub- 
 stance. 
 
 Exhalaison. See Exhalation. 
 
 Ex-flia'Iant. [ExSaa'Ians; from ex~ 
 ha'lo, exhala'tum, to “ send forth a 
 breath.”] Hiving off fumes; exhaling. 
 
 Ex-foa-la'tion. [Exhala'tio, 
 
 o 'nis ; from the same.] (Fr .Exhalation, 
 ex'd'l^'z^No'.) A vapor, fume, or steam. 
 A subtile spirit or vapor, from the sur- 
 face of the body. Evaporation of moist- 
 ure or water by the sun’s heat, etc. 
 
 Ex-Blib'lt. [From exhib’eo , exliib’- 
 itiini, to “ show” or “exhibit,” to “give.”] 
 To administer or give to a patient some 
 medicine, or medicinal substance. 
 
 Ex© (e£w). A Greek particle, signify- 
 ing “without.” 
 
 Ex-o-car'di-al. [Exocardia'lis ; 
 
 from ££o>, “without,” and Kapdla, the 
 “heart.”] External to the heart. 
 
 Ex-oc-cijp'I-tal. [Exocciplta'lis ; 
 from l'£<o, “without,” and occipitci'/is, 
 “ occipital.”] Applied by Owen to the 
 lateral part of the occipital bone. 
 
 Exoccip'ital Doaie. In An thro - 
 potomv, the condyloid process of the 
 occipital bone : its homologue in the 
 
 archetypal skeleton is called the “neura- 
 pophysis.” See Vertebra. 
 
 Ex-od'ic. [Exod icus; from ££&>, 
 “without,” and o<5<k, a “way.”] Pro- 
 ceeding out of the spinal marrow. A 
 term proposed by Dr. M. Hall as prefer- 
 able to Reflex motor. 
 
 Ex'o-g’en. An exogenous plant. 
 
 Ex-og-'en-ous. [Exog^emis; from 
 £(o>, “without,” and yev co, to “be born,” 
 to “grow.”] Applied to stems of plants 
 in which the new matter, whereby they 
 increase in diameter, is added at the 
 external surface. Applied by Owen to 
 those parts, properly called processes, 
 of bone, which shoot out as continuations 
 of preceding elements. See Autoge- 
 nous. 
 
 Ex-og-'ommi Pur'ga.- One of the 
 
 names of the jalap-plant. See Jalap. 
 
 Ex-©m 'iiBia-los,^ Ex-c m 'p 
 
 [From f’£, “cut,” and oplaXog , the “na- 
 vel.”] (Fr. He ) vie ombilicale , eR'n6' 6 m'- 
 b6'16'k&l'.) Umbilical hernia. See Om- 
 phalocele. 
 
 Ex-op Ii-thal'mi-a.* [From f£, “out,” 
 and 6(p6a\n6g, the “eye.”] A swelling 
 and protrusion of the eyeball; the same 
 as Ophtiialmoptoma. 
 
 Ex-or'mi-a.* [From “out,” and 
 cp/tri, “rushing.”] Literally, a “rushing 
 or breaking out.” A term used by the 
 Greeks as synonymous with ecthyma, or 
 papulous skin, comprising gum-rash, etc. 
 
 Ex-or-rlii'zows. [Fxorrhi'zic.s; 
 from e£od, “ without,” and pita, a “root.”] 
 Applied to plants having the radicle 
 free and naked, that is, not enclosed in 
 any sheath. 
 
 Ex'o-Skel'e-ton. [Exoscel'efcm ; 
 
 from £(co, “without,” and gk&ztov, a 
 “skeleton.”] The skeleton in such ani- 
 mals as have a hard or bony case, or 
 external skeleton. See Dermoskeleton. 
 
 Ex-os niic. [Exos micus.] Be- 
 longing to exosmose. 
 
 Ex-os-mose'. [Exosmo'sis; from 
 e£co, “without,” and c lopcg, “impulsion.”] 
 A movement in liquids separated by a 
 membranous partition, by which their 
 principles are interchanged. This term 
 is given to the liquid passing outwards. 
 See Endosmose. 
 
 Exostemma Caribewm. See Bark, 
 Caribean. 
 
 Ex-os'to-ma.* [From e£co, “with- 
 out,” and oTo/jia, a “mouth.”] See Micro - 
 
 PYLE. 
 
 Exosto'ma.* Nearly the same as Ex- 
 ostosis, which see. 
 
 Ex-os-to'sis.* [From ££w, “with- 
 195 
 
EXO 
 
 EXT 
 
 out," and wrnov, a “bone.”] An exube- 
 rant growth of bony matter on the sur- 
 face of a bone; the enlargement of a 
 part or the whole of a bone. 
 
 Ex-o-ter'ic. [Exoter'icus; from 
 ilorepog, the comparative degree of ££oj».] 
 Applied to a series of periodic, vital 
 phenomena, being such as result from 
 causes external to the organism. 
 
 ExotSiecimii/* ex-o-the'she-um. 
 [From “ without/’ and 0/7/07, a “ case.”] 
 The name given by Purkinje to the coat 
 of the anther. 
 
 Ex-ot'ic- [Exot'ieus; from ££co, 
 “without.”] Foreign; belongingto what 
 is without, or beyond the limits of, our 
 own country. 
 
 Ex-pau-si-bi I'i-ty. [Expansihir- 
 
 itas, st'tis; from ex, “out,” an & pan' do, 
 pan’ sum, to “spread.”] The capability 
 of being expanded or dilated. 
 
 Ex-paa'sion. [ExpaEi'sio, & n is ; 
 from the same.] The increase of bulk, 
 or of surface, of which natural bodies 
 are susceptible. 
 
 Ex-pec' to-mnt. [Expec tomns ; 
 
 from expec’toro, expectora’ tum y to “dis- 
 charge from the breast” (from ex T “out,” 
 “from,” and pee’ fits, the “breast”).] 
 Facilitating or promoting the ejection 
 of mucus, or other fluids, from the lungs 
 and trachea. 
 
 Ex-pee-to-ra/tion. [Exjeecfora - 
 tio, o ' n is ; from the same.] The • ct of 
 ejecting from the lungs, or trachea, by 
 spitting ; also, the substance ejected. 
 
 Ex-pel 'lent. [ExpeMeits; from 
 expel’ lo y to “drive out.”} Driving out. 
 
 Ex-pi-ra'taoji. [Expira/tio, o r ms; 
 from expi’rOy expira’tum r to “breathe 
 forth.”] The act of breathing out, or 
 expelling air from the lungs. 
 
 Ex*l>Io-ra'tioit. [ Explora'tio, 
 o';/ is / from explo’ ro, explora’twn, to 
 “search diligently.”] The investigation 
 of the physical signs attending disease, 
 as distinguished from what are commonly 
 termed the symptoms ; consisting of aus- 
 cultation, inspection, mensuration, palpa- 
 tion, and percussion. 
 
 Ex-pressed' Oils. Oils obtained from 
 bodies by pressure. See Expression. 
 
 Ex-pres'sao»i. [Expres'sio, o'/i/V,* 
 from ex y “out,” and pre'mo, pres’ snm r to 
 “press.”] The process of forcing out 
 the juices and oils of plants by means 
 of a press. Also, the manifestation of 
 the feel ings, by the countenance, attitude, 
 or gesture. 
 
 Ex-pul sion. [ Expul'sio. o ’nis ; 
 from ex, “out,” and pel’lo , pul’ sum, to 
 196 
 
 “drive,” to “force.”] The act of void- 
 ing the bowels or bladder. The delivery 
 of the placenta; also, the extrusion ol 
 an immature foetus. 
 
 Ex-pul' si ve. [ Expel ' lens ; from 
 the same.] (Fr. Expulsif, ex'puTt&f '.) 
 Applied to the pains in the second stage 
 of childbirth, by which the child is ex- 
 pelled. Applied in Surgery to a bandage 
 so adjusted as to expel pus or other fluid. 
 
 Ex-sanguine, Ex-san-galn'e-ous. 
 [Exsang’uin'eus; from ex, priv., and 
 san’guis, “blood.”] Deprived of blood: 
 anmmial ; anaemic. 
 
 Ex-^m-guin i-t y. [Exsangnin'i- 
 tas, a 'tis; from the same.] The state 
 of being without blood : anaemia. 
 
 Ex-sert'ed. [Exser'tns ; from ex’ - 
 seroy exser’tumy to “thrust out.”] Pro- 
 truding beyond, as the stamens out of 
 the corolla. 
 
 Ex-sie-ea'tion. [ Exsieca'tio, ©'//?>/ 
 
 from exsic’eoy exsicec/ turn, to “dry up.”] 
 The process of drying moist bodies by 
 applying heat, or atmospheric air, or 
 absorbing the moisture by soft spongy 
 substances. 
 
 Ex-stip'u-Iate. [Exstipula'tus; 
 
 from ex, priv., and stip’ula, a “stipule.”] 
 Without stipules. 
 
 Ex'stro-pliy. [Exstro'pSsia, or 
 Ec' strophe; from be, “out,” an derpi^cj, 
 to “turn” or “twist.”] Applied to a 
 congenital malformation, in which, from 
 deficiency in the abdominal wall, the 
 bladder appears to be turned inside out, 
 having the internal surface of the pos- 
 terior paries situated outwardly on the 
 lower part of the body. 
 
 ExvudaUoit. See Exudation. 
 
 Exteaisetir. See Extensor. 
 
 Ex-ten'sion. [Exten'sio, o'/u«; 
 from ex, “out,” and ten’ do, ten' sum, to 
 “stretch.”} The pulling of a fractured 
 limb in a direction from the trunk, to ob- 
 viate retraction of the lower fragments ; 
 also, similar treatment in dislocations. 
 
 Ex-tem 'sor, o' [From the same.] 
 (Fr. Extensenr, ex'toN®’suR\) An ex- 
 tender. Applied to several muscles. 
 
 Exten sor Bre ws Dig-i-tomasi 
 I*e'clis. ; ' (“Short Extensor of the 
 Toes.”) A muscle situated on the back 
 of the foot, having for its office to extend 
 the first four toes. 
 
 Extensor Com -nan 'nis IMgito'- 
 rnitB Ec'dis.* (“Common Extensor 
 of the Toes.”) A muscle situated on 
 the anterior part of the leg, and attached 
 to the phalanges of the last four toea, 
 which it extends. 
 
EXT 
 
 EYE 
 
 Exten'sor Dlgito'rum (ommu - 
 nis. (“Common Extensor of the Fin- 
 gers.”) A muscle of the forearm, the 
 tendons of which are inserted into the 
 phalanges of all the fingers, which it 
 extends. 
 
 Exten'sor Pro'pri-us Pol'H-cis 
 
 Pe'dis.* (“Extensor Proper of the 
 Thumb of the Foot , or Great Toe.”) A 
 muscle on the anterior part of the leg : 
 its office is to extend the toe. 
 
 Ex-tir-pa'tion. [Extirpa'tio, o' ms; 
 from extir’ po, cxtirpa' turn , to “ root out.”] 
 The complete removal or eradication of 
 a part, by the knife or caustic. 
 
 Ex'tra.* A Latin preposition signi- 
 fying “without,” “on the outside,” “be- 
 yond,” “over and above.” 
 
 Ex'tract. [Extrac' turn ; from ex, 
 “out,” and tra'ho , trae’tum, to “draw.”] 
 (Fr. Extrait , ex'tR&'.) Literally, “that 
 which is drawn out or extracted” from 
 any thing. The soluble parts of vegetable 
 substances, dissolved in spirit, or water, 
 and reduced to the consistence of a 
 syrup or paste by evaporation. Also, 
 the product of an aqueous decoction. 
 
 Ex-trae'ta,* the plural of Extr ac- 
 tum, which see. 
 
 Ex-trae'tion. [Extrac'tio, o’nis; 
 from the same ] The drawing of a tooth, 
 or taking foreign substances out of the 
 body, or a tumor out of its cavity, etc. 
 
 Ex-trac'tive. [Extractions; from 
 the same.] (Fr. Extraciif, ex'tR&k't^f '.) 
 Applied to a peculiar modification of 
 vegetable matter forming one constitu- 
 ent part of common extracts. 
 
 Extractive Prin'ciples. The de- 
 signation of a variety of compounds, most 
 of which crystallize, and have a bitter 
 taste, but cannot be referred to any par- 
 ticular series. 
 
 For the names and preparation 
 of the officinal extracts, see the U.S. 
 Pharmacopoeia, pn. 142-180. 
 
 Ex-tractum,* plural Ex-trac'ta. 
 [From the same.] (Fr. Extrait, ex'tRiP.) 
 An extract; a preparation obtained by 
 the evaporation of a vegetable solution, 
 or a native vegetable juice. Its basis is 
 termed extractive, or extractive principle. 
 
 Extraction €an'na-bis.* (“ Extract 
 of Hemp.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the alcoholic extract of 
 the dried tops of the Cannabis saiiva 
 ( variety Indica). 
 
 Extrac 'turn Oly^-yr-rh i zae.* 
 
 /“ Extract of Liquorice.”) The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the ex- 
 tract of the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. 
 
 This extract is the “liquorice” of the 
 shops. 
 
 Ex-tra-fo-li-a'ceous. [Extrafo- 
 
 lia'ceus; from ex'tra, “without,” and 
 f o’ Hum , a “leaf.”] External to the leaf. 
 Applied to stipule? below the footstalk. 
 
 Extrait, ex'tR&'. A French term 
 for Extract, which see. 
 
 Ex ' t ra- IJ 'ter-Ine. [From ex’tra, 
 “on the outside,” and u'terus .] Applied 
 to those cases of pregnancy in which 
 the foetus is contained in some organ 
 outside of the uterus. 
 
 Ex-trav-a-sa'lion. [Extra vasa'- 
 tio, o’nis; from ex'tra, “without,” and 
 vas, a “vessel.”] The effusion of a fluid 
 (or its state when effused) out of its 
 proper vessel or receptacle. 
 
 Ex-treni i-ty. [Extrcm'itas,a'f?s/ 
 from extre’mum, the “outermost part” 
 or “end” of any thing.] Any of the 
 four limbs of animals. 
 
 Ex-tro-ver'sion. [From extror'sum, 
 “outwards,” and ver’to, ver'sum , to 
 “turn.”] That kind of malformation in 
 which a part is turned inside outwards. 
 The same as Exstrophy. 
 
 Ex-u'ber-cs.* [From ex, priv„ and 
 it’ber, “pap” or “udder.”] Applied to 
 weaned infants, as opposed to Eububeres, 
 or those being suckled. 
 
 Ex-u-tfa'tion. [Exuda'tio, o'nis; 
 from exu’do, exuda’tum, to “sweat out” 
 (contracted from ex, “out,” and su'do, to 
 “sweat”).] A sweating; the passing 
 out of any liquid through the walls (or 
 membranes) of the vessel containing it. 
 Also applied to the oozing of the Liquor 
 sanguinis through the vascular walls. 
 
 Ex' u -cla- live. [Exudati'vus: from 
 the same.] Belonging to exudation; 
 promoting exudation. 
 
 Ex-ul-cer-a'tion. [Exulcera'tio, 
 o 'ms ; from exuVcero, exulcera’tum, to 
 “make sore.”] A soreness: the early 
 state, or commencement, of ulceration. 
 
 Ex-u'vi-ae,* gen. Ex-u-vl-a'rum, 
 found only in the plural. [From ex’ no, 
 to “strip,” “spoil,” or “put off.”] The 
 shells, etc., found in particular strata. 
 In Zoology, applied to the slough, or 
 cast skins of animals whose nature it is 
 to throw them off at certain seasons. 
 
 Ex-u'vi-al. [Exuvia'lis.] Be- 
 longing to exuvi.se. 
 
 Eye. [Lat. Oc'nlus; Gr. 6(p6a\fji6g ; 
 Fr. (EH, try’ or ul ; Ger. Auge, ow'Geh.] 
 The organ of vision. The eyes occupy 
 two cavities, called orbits, situated in 
 the lower anterior part of the cranium ; 
 they communicate with the brain by 
 197 
 
EYE 
 
 FAL 
 
 means of the optic nerves. The organ 
 consists of a ball or globe containing 
 within itself the iris, lens, the aqueous 
 and vitreous humors, the retina, etc. 
 This ball moves freely in a socket, and is 
 readily turned at will in every direc- 
 tion by six muscles especially appro- 
 priated to this purpose. It is covered 
 anteriorly by a delicate mucous mem- 
 brane, termed the conjunct? v a, and is 
 protected from external injury by the 
 eyelashes and eyelids. At the very front 
 part of the ball, is situated a transparent, 
 
 horny membrane, termed the cornea . 
 The various parts of the eye will be 
 more particularly noticed, each in its 
 alphabetical place. 
 
 Eye of Ty'phon. The mystic name 
 given by the Egyptians to the Squill , or 
 sea-onion. 
 
 Eyebrow. See Supercilium. 
 
 Eyelash. See Cilium. 
 
 Eyelid. See Palpebra. 
 
 Eye'-Teeth. The upper Cuspidati , 
 or canine teeth, the fangs of which reach 
 almost to the orbits of the eye. 
 
 F. 
 
 F., or Ft. = Fi'at !,* or Fi' ant .* "Let 
 there be made.” 
 
 Fa ba Por-ci'na.* The fruit of 
 
 Hyoscy' amu8 ni'yer. 
 
 Fa'ba Pur-ga'trix.* The bean of 
 
 Ricinus communis. 
 
 Fa'ba Sanc'ti Ig-na'ti-i.* ("Bean 
 of St. Ignatius.”) See Ignatia. 
 
 Fa'ba Su-il'la.* The fruit of Hyo- 
 
 8cyamu8 niyer. 
 
 Fabaceae. See Leguminos^e. 
 
 Fa-ba'ceous. [Faba'ceus ; from 
 fa'ba , a "bean.”] Having beans; of 
 the nature of beans. 
 
 Face. [Fa'cies.] The anterior and 
 lower part of the head. The various 
 surfaces, or planes, by which a crystal 
 is bounded. 
 
 Face A'gue. A form of neuralgia, 
 which occurs in the nerves of the face. 
 
 Face Grip'p£e, f&ss gr^p'pA. The 
 "pinched or contracted face ;” a peculiar 
 expression of features forming one of 
 the symptoms in peritonitis. 
 
 Facets, or Facets. [From the 
 French Facette , a "small surface.”] The 
 small circumscribed surfaces of a bone. 
 Applied in Zoology to the different bases 
 into which the surface of the compound 
 eyes of the Arachnidse , Crustacea, and 
 In8ecta is divided. Also applied in 
 Mineralogy to the planes or faces of a 
 crystal. 
 
 Fa'cial. [Facia'lis: from fa'cies.] 
 Belonging to the face. 
 
 Facial Angle. See Angle, Facial. 
 
 Fa'cial Nerve. [Ner'vus Facia'- 
 lis.] The Portio dura of the seventh 
 pair. 
 
 Fa'cial Vein. A vein which com- 
 mences at the summit of the forehead; 
 it crosses the face obliquely, and joins 
 the internal jugular. See Angular. 
 198 
 
 Facies. See Face. 
 
 Fa'cies (fa'she-ez) Hip-po-crat'i- 
 ca.* The peculiar expression of the 
 features immediately before death, so 
 called because first described by Hippo- 
 crates. 
 
 Fa'cies Ru'bra.* The red face; 
 another name for the Gutta rosacea. See 
 Acne. 
 
 Fac-ti'tious. [Facti'tius ; from 
 
 fa' cio, fac'tum, to "make.”] Made by 
 art; artificial. 
 
 Fac'ul-ty. [Facul'tas ; from fa- 
 ce’ re, to "do,” to "make.”] Tne power 
 or ability by which an action is per- 
 formed. Also employed to denote col- 
 lectively the medical professors, or those 
 of any other department, in a university. 
 The phrase "medical faculty” is also 
 used in a more general sense, to signify 
 those skilled in the science of medicine. 
 
 Fse'ces.* [The plural of fsex, fse'cis , 
 "sediment.”] Dregs, or sediment. The 
 alvine excretions or excrements. 
 
 Fsecula. See Fecula. 
 
 Fseculent. See Feculent. 
 
 Fa'gin. [Fagi'na.] A narcotio 
 substance obtained from the nuts of the 
 Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 Fahrenheit's Thermometer. See 
 
 Thermometer. 
 
 Faiblesse. See Debility. 
 
 Faim. See Fames. 
 
 Faint'ing. See Deliquium Animi, 
 
 and Syncope. 
 
 Faisceau, fi'sS'. The French term 
 for Fasciculus, which see. 
 
 Faix, fi. The French term for F(etus, 
 which see. 
 
 Fal'si-form. [Falcifor'mis : from 
 falx, a " scythe” or " sickle.”] Re- 
 sembling a scythe in shape. 
 
 Fal'eiform Process. [ Proces'su* 
 
FAL 
 
 FAS 
 
 Faleifor'mis.] A process of the dura 
 mater , separating the hemispheres of 
 the brain, and ending in the tentorium. 
 
 Falling. See Procidentia, and Pro- 
 lapsus. 
 
 Falling Sickness. See Epilepsy. 
 
 Fal-lo [Fallopia'nus.] Ap- 
 
 plied to certain tubes or canals, and a 
 ligament, first pointed out by the cele- 
 brated anatomist Fallopius. 
 
 Fallo'pian Lig'a-meiit. The round 
 ligament of the uterus. 
 
 Fallo'pian Tubes. Two canals en- 
 closed in the peritonaeum, and extending 
 from the sides of the Fundus uteri to 
 the ovaries. See Uterus. 
 
 Fallopius, Aqueduct of. See Aque- 
 duct of Fallopius. 
 
 False. [Fal'sus; from fal'lo , faV- 
 8um, to " deceive.”] (Fr. Faux , fo, or 
 Fau8se , fbss.) A term often applied in 
 medicine to an unnatural or diseased 
 condition of certain parts, as False 
 Joint, False Membrane. 
 
 False Aneurism. See Aneurism. 
 
 False Conception. See Concep- 
 tion, False. 
 
 False Joint. See Artificial Joint. 
 
 False Mem brane. This is always 
 the result of inflammation, as that pro- 
 duced in pleurisy, in peritonitis, in 
 croup, etc. 
 
 False Pas'sage. A passage formed 
 by the laceration or ulceration of the 
 mucous membrane of the urethra, from 
 forcible introduction of instruments in 
 a wrong direction. 
 
 False Ribs. [Cos 'taeSpu' rise.] The 
 
 five inferior ribs, which (except the last 
 two, or floating ribs) are joined ante- 
 riorly to each other and to the cartilage 
 of the last true rib. 
 
 False Vision. See Pseudoblep- 
 
 SIA. 
 
 False Wa'ters. (Fr. Fausses Eaux, 
 foss o.) A term applied by the French 
 to a serous fluid which accumulates be- 
 tween the chorion and the amnion, and 
 is discharged at certain periods of preg- 
 nancy. This must not be confounded 
 with the liquor amnii , which they term 
 simply the " waters” (eaux). 
 
 Falx Cer-e-bel'li.* (" Scj^the of 
 the Cerebellum.” Fr. Faux du Gervelet , 
 fo dii seRv'l&\) A triangular portion 
 of the dura mater, separating the two 
 looes of the cerebellum . 
 
 Falx Cer'e-bri.* ("Scythe of the 
 Cerebrum.” Fr. Faux du Cerveau, fo 
 dii seR'vo'.), The same as Falciform 
 Process, which see. 
 
 Falx Major. See Falciform Pro- 
 cess. 
 
 Falx Minor. See Falx Cerebelli. 
 
 Fa'mes.* (Fr. Faim, faN G .) A Latin 
 term signifying " hunger.” Hence the 
 terms cura /amis, abstinence from food; 
 and fames caniua, voracious or canine 
 appetite. See Bulimia. 
 
 Fam'I-15 r . [Fami'lia.] A number 
 of genera having some organic resem- 
 blances. 
 
 Fang. [Ger. Fan' gen, to "take” or 
 "seize” as prey, to "bite.”] Applied to 
 the sharp-pointed, perforated tooth in 
 the superior maxillary bone of venomous 
 serpents, through which a poisonous fluid 
 flows into the wound made by it. Also, 
 the root of a tooth. 
 
 Farcimen. See Farcy. 
 
 Far-cim-i-na'lis.* [From farci'men , 
 " sausage-meat.”] The same as Allan- 
 toid, which see. 
 
 Fare 't us.* [From far’cio, farc'tum , 
 to "stuff.”] Stuffed, filled, crammed. 
 
 Far'cy, or Far-ci'men*(called, also, 
 Equi'nia* and Olan'ders). [From 
 far'cio, to "stuff.”] A disease in which 
 numerous small tumors suppurate and 
 form ulcers. It occurs in the horse, ass, 
 and mule; and is often communicated 
 by contagion to men attending on those 
 animals. In its aggravated form it is 
 generally fatal. 
 
 Fa-ri'na.* [From far, all kinds of 
 corn.] Wheat flour. The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name for the flour from the seeds 
 of Triticum vulgar e. 
 
 Far-I-na ceous. [Farina 'ceus.] 
 Belonging to or containing farina; of the 
 nature of farina. 
 
 Far-Sightedness. See Presbyopia. 
 
 Fascia,* fash 'e- a. [From fas'eis, a 
 "bundle.”] Originally, a "swathe,” 
 "bandage,” or "roller.” The tendinous 
 expansion of muscles; an aponeurosis. 
 
 Fas'cia Crib-ri-for'mis.* ("Sieve- 
 like Fascia.”) A web of cellular sub- 
 stance stretched from the lower edge of 
 Poupart’s ligament over the inguinal 
 glands; so called because it is pierced 
 with numerous openings for the trans- 
 mission of the lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Fas'cia Il-i'a-ca.* ("Iliac Fascia.”) 
 A strong fascia which covers the inner 
 surface of the iliac and psoas muscles. 
 
 Fas'cia In-fun-dibn-Ii-for'mis.* 
 ("Funnel-shaped Fascia.”) A portion 
 of cellular membrane which passes 
 down on the spermatic cord, where it 
 penetrates the Fascia transversalis. 
 
 Fas'cia Ea'ta.* ("Broad Fascia.”) 
 
 199 
 
FAS 
 
 FEB 
 
 A broad tendinous expansion continued 
 from the tendons of the Glutei and 
 neighboring muscles, and maintaining in 
 their proper position the various muscles 
 of the thigh. 
 
 Fascia Lata is also the name of a mus- 
 cle at the upper and exterior part of the 
 thigh. See Tensor Vaginae Femorjs. 
 
 Fas'cia Fro'pri-Ji.* The proper 
 cellular envelope of a hernial sac. 
 
 Fas'cia Spi-ni'lis.- (“Spiral 
 Roller/’) A name for the common roller 
 which is wound spirally round a limb. 
 
 Fas'cia Su-per-fi£-i-a'lis. : ' (“Su- 
 perficial Fascia.”) A very thin layer 
 of cellular membrane, which covers the 
 abdominal muscles immediately under 
 the skin. 
 
 Fas'cia Tor'ti-Iis.* A name for the 
 tourniquet. 
 
 Fas 'cia Trans- ver-saTss.* The 
 
 cellular membrane lining the inner sur- 
 face of the Transversalis abdominis 
 muscle. 
 
 Fascial, fash'al. [Fascia'lis.] Be- 
 longing to a fascia. 
 
 Faseiate, fash'e-at, cr Fasciatfed, 
 fash'e-at-ed. [Fascia'tns; from fas' - 
 cia .] Flattened like a little band. 
 
 Faseiation, fash-e-a'shun, or Fas- 
 ciatio,*' fash-e-a'she-o. [From fas' cia, 
 a “bandage.”] The binding up of a dis- 
 eased or wounded part; also, a bandage. 
 
 Fascicle. See Fasciculus. 
 
 Fas-^ie u-lar. [Fascicula'ris; from 
 fascic' ulus, a “ little bundle.”] Bundled 
 together; clustered. Applied to roots. 
 
 Fas-^ic'u-late. [Fascicula'tus ; 
 from fascic' ulus, a “little bundle.”] Bun- 
 dled together; clustered. 
 
 Fas-^ic' u-ltts,* plural Fas-^ic'u-li. 
 [Diminutive of fas'eis, a “ bundle.”J (Fr. 
 Faisceau, f&'so'.) Applied to a little bun- 
 dle of muscular or nervous fibres, etc. 
 A fascicle or compact cyme, as in the 
 Sweet William. Also, a handful of 
 leaves, roots, etc. 
 
 Fas-ci'o-Ia He-pat'i-ca.* [From 
 
 fasci'ola, a “little strip of cloth.”] An- 
 other name for the Distoma, which see. 
 
 Fas-ti'dl-nm Fi'bi.* (“Loathing 
 of Food.”) See Anorexia. 
 
 Fas-tig/I-ate. [Fastigia'tus; from 
 fas!i'(/ium , the “top.”] Applied to um- 
 belliferous flowers which rise together to 
 the same height, forming a flat top. 
 
 Fat. (Fr. Graisse, gRess or gR&ss.) 
 See Adeps, Axungia, and Sevum. 
 l Fa-tu'I-t$r. [Fatn'itas, iv'tis; from 
 fat'uus , “silly.”] Weakness of under- 
 standing, or idiocy. See Amentia. 
 
 c’Sio 
 
 Faffi'cesf/ f gen. Fauesuiri, fau'she* 
 um. [The plural of Faux.] The cavity 
 at the back of the mouth from which the 
 pharynx and larynx proceed. 
 
 Fanlt. [From the French Faute , an 
 “error” or “defect.”] A complete frac- 
 ture of the mass of strata along a verti- 
 cal or inclined plane, parallel to which 
 the beds on one side are uplifted, and on 
 the other depressed: a slip. 
 
 Faii'na/ [From Fau'nvs, a sylvan 
 deity of the ancient Romans.] The en- 
 tire assemblage of animals, especially 
 Mammalia, which nature has assigned to 
 a particular country. 
 
 Fanx, ;;: ' gen. Fau'eis. The gorge or 
 mouth. (See Fauces.) Applied, by 
 analogy, to the opening of the tube of a 
 monopetalous corol. 
 
 Faux, fo, feminine Fansse, foss. 
 The French for False, which see. Faux 
 is also the French term for Falx. See 
 next article. 
 
 Fanx flu Cervean, fo dii seR’vo'. 
 The French term for Falx Cerebri. See 
 Falciform Process. 
 
 Faux du Fervelet, fo dii seRv'l&Z. 
 The French term for Falx Cerebelli, 
 which see. 
 
 Fa-vose'. [Favo'sus; from fa'cus, 
 a “honeycomb.”] Belonging to, or like, 
 a honeycomb. 
 
 Fa'vws.* A honeycomb. Applied to 
 a kind of pustule. See Porrigo. 
 
 Fay'nar*rs Poxv'der. A celebrated 
 powder for stopping haimorrhage, said 
 to have been nothing more than the 
 charcoal of beech-wood, finely-powdered. 
 
 Feather- Veined. See Pinnately- 
 Veined. 
 
 Fe'breS,- the plural of Fe'bris. 
 Fevers. An order of the class Pyrexise 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Fe-br i c ' u-la/ : [Diminutive of /e'- 
 bris, a “fever.”] A slight fever. 
 
 Feb'ri-fwge. [Febrif'ugns; from 
 fe’bris , a “fever,” and fid go, to “drive 
 away/’] Having the property of mode- 
 rating or abating the violence of fevers. 
 
 Feb'rilc. [Febri'Iis; from fc'bris, 
 a “fever.”] Belonging to fever; feverish. 
 
 Fe'bris.** [From fer'veo, to “be hot.”] 
 A fever. See Fever. 
 
 Feb'nre’s I^o'tion. A once cele- 
 brated remedy for cancer, consisting of 
 ten grains of the white oxide of arsenic 
 dissolved in a pint of distilled water, 
 to which are added one ounce of the 
 Extractum conii , three ounces of the 
 Liquor plumbi subacetatis , and a drachm 
 of laudanum. 
 
FEC 
 
 FER 
 
 Feces. See Fjeces. 
 
 F£cond, fAk6js u '. The French term 
 for Fecund, which see. 
 
 Fec'u-la. [Fsec'ula, the diminutive 
 of fsex, fse'ci8 ) “dregs.”] Originally, 
 the grounds or sediment of any liquor; 
 any substance derived by spontaneous 
 subsidence from a liquid. The term was 
 afterwards applied to starch, which was 
 thus deposited by agitating the flour of 
 wheat in water; and, lastly, it denoted 
 a peculiar vegetable principle, which, 
 like starch, is insoluble in cold, but com- 
 pletely soluble in boiling water, with 
 which it forms a gelatinous solution. 
 
 Fec'u-lent. (Fseculen'tus; from 
 fse'ces, “ dregs.”] Having dregs or faeces ; 
 of the nature of dregs or faeces. 
 
 Fe'ciincl. [Lat. Frecun'clus; Fr. 
 Fecond, fAkbN 0 '.] Fruitful ; prolific. 
 
 Fe-cun-<la'tion. [Ftiecumla'tio, 
 o'nis; from /cedin' do, fcecunda'tnm , to 
 “make fruitful.”] In Botany, the action 
 of the pollen on the ovule, which thereby 
 becomes impregnated. In Physiology, 
 the act of impregnating, or the state of 
 being impregnated. 
 
 Fe-cun'di-ty. [Fcecuii'ditas, a 'tie; 
 from foecun'dus, “fruitful.”] The power 
 of reproducing; fruitfulness. 
 
 Feeling’. See Touch. 
 
 Feet, Distortion of. See Talipes. 
 
 Fel,* gen. Fel'lis. (Fr. Fiel , fe-el'.) 
 Gall, or bile; a secretion found in the 
 cystis felled, or gall-bladder. See Bile. 
 
 Fet Bo-vi'mim,® or Fel Tau'ri.* 
 Gall, or bile, of the ox. See Bile. 
 
 Fel-liFlu-a Fas'sio* (pash'e-o). 
 Gall-flux disease; an ancient name for 
 cholera. 
 
 Fel-lif '!w-us.* [From fel , “bile,” 
 and flu'o , to “flow.”] Flowing with, or 
 discharging, bile. See preceding article. 
 
 Fel'lin-ate. [Fel'linas, a'a's.] A 
 combination of fellinic acid with a base. 
 
 Fel-lsn'ie. [Fellfin 'icus ; from fel) 
 “gall,” or “bile.”] Belonging to bile, or 
 gall. 
 
 FelMm'ic A$'id. A peculiar sub- 
 stance obtained by digesting bilin with 
 dilute hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Fe'Io de se.* [Low Latin fe'lo , a 
 “felon,” de , “with respect to,” and se, 
 “himself.”] Literally, “one guilty of 
 felony with respect to himself.” A term 
 in Medical Jurisprudence for one who 
 commits suicide. 
 
 Fel'on. The name of malignant 
 whitlow, in which the effusion is beneath 
 the periosteum. 
 
 Feminine. See Fcemineus. 
 
 18 
 
 Fem-o-rje'ns.* Another name for the 
 crurseus muscle, an extensor of the leg. 
 
 Fem'o-ral. [Femora lis ; from 
 fe'mur, the “ thigh.”] Belonging to the 
 thigh : crural. 
 
 Fem'o-ro-^ele.* [From fe'mur, the 
 “thigh,” and xriXri, a “tumor.”] The 
 disorder termed Hernia cruralis. 
 
 Fe'mur,* gen. Fem'o-ris. The 
 thigh. Also, the long cylindrical bone 
 of the thigh, or Os femoris. (Fr. Os 
 de la 0111886, 5 deh Id - kw£ss.) The 
 second articulation of the feet of the 
 Arachnides, Crustacea, and In sect a. 
 
 Fe-nes'tra.* [From (paivin, to “make 
 to appear.”] A window. Applied to two 
 foramina of the tympanum of the ear. 
 
 Fe-nes'tral. [flenesSralis ; from 
 fenes’tra .] Belonging to windows; like 
 windows. 
 
 Fe-nes'trate. [Fenestra'tus ; 
 
 from fenes'tra .] Pierced with holes, 
 or with openings like windows. 
 
 Fen'uel, Sweet. The Anethum fcenic- 
 uhnn. 
 
 Feii'u-Greek, or Fen'u-grec. The 
 
 Trigonel' la Foe' mini, a plant forming, it 
 is said, an article of food in Egypt. It 
 grows also in the south of France. Used 
 chiefly in veterinary medicine. 
 
 Fer (Fr.), fen. See Iron. 
 
 Fer-men-ta'tion. [Fermenta'tio, 
 o'nis; from fermen'to, f ermenta' turn , to 
 “leaven.”] The spontaneous changes 
 which aqueous combinations of animal or 
 vegetable matter undergo when exposed 
 to the air at an ordinary temperature. 
 
 Fer-men 'turn.* Ferment. The sub- 
 stance which excites fermentation. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 “yeast.” See preceding article. 
 
 Ferment 'turn Cerevi'sia* (ser-e- 
 vish'e-a). The scum or froth of beer 
 during fermentation; barm; yeast. This 
 substance has been placed on the pri- 
 mary list of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
 1860. 
 
 Fern, Male. See Aspidium Filix 
 Mas. 
 
 Fe-ro'na-a El-e-plian'tum.* [From 
 Fero'nia, the goddess of groves.] An 
 Indian tree of the order Aurontiacere : 
 it yields a gum resembling gum Arabic. 
 
 Fer'ri,* genitive of Ferrum, which see. 
 
 Fer'ri Fer-ro-sy-an't-dum.*(“ Fer- 
 rocyanide of Iron.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph., 1860) for Prussian blue. 
 
 Fer'ri Fi'lum.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Ed. Ph.) for iron wire; the Fcr~ 
 rum in fila tractum of the London Phar- 
 macopoeia. 
 
 201 
 
FER 
 
 FIB 
 
 Fer'ri, Ra-men'ta.* (" Raspings of 
 Iron.”) A name for iron filings. 
 
 Fer'rl Sial-pQm°re'tum.3* (" Sul- 
 phuret Oi Iron/') The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Pa.) for the protosuiphuret 
 of iron, prepared by melting together 
 sublimed sulphur and iron in small pieces. 
 
 Fer-rif er-ous. [Ferrif'erus ; 
 
 from fer'rum , " iron/’ and fe'ro, to 
 "bear.”] Containing iron in some form, 
 usually in the state of oxide or car- 
 bonate. 
 
 Fer ro-. {From fer'rum, " iron.”) A 
 prefix in compound names, denoting con- 
 nection with iron. 
 
 Fer'ro-^y-an'ic A$'id. A com- 
 pound of cyanogen, metallic iron, and 
 hydrogen; also called ferruretted chyazic 
 acid . It contains the elements of hydro- 
 cyanic acid, but differs from it totally in 
 its properties. Its salts, once termed triple 
 prussiates, are now called ferro-cyanates. 
 
 Fer-ru'gin-ous, or Fer-rai-gin' 'e- 
 ©us. [Ferrugin'eus, or Ferrugfi- 
 iio'sus ; from ferru’go, the " rust of 
 iron.”] Full of iron-rust; containing 
 iron-rust; of a yellowish-brown color. 
 
 Ferrum. See Iron. 
 
 Fer'tlle. [Fer'tilis; from fe'ro , to 
 " bring forth.”] Fruitful. Applied to 
 flowers having a pistil, or producing seeds 
 capable of vegetation. 
 
 Fertilization. See Fecundation. 
 
 Fer'u-la.* [From fe'rio, to " strike.”] 
 A Linnsean genus of the class Pentandria , 
 natural order Apiacese (or U mb ell if erse). 
 
 Fer'ula As-sa-foet'i-da.* The plant 
 which yields assafoetidci. 
 
 Fer vor. [From fer'veo, to "boil.”] 
 A violent and scorching heat. Ardor 
 denotes an excessive heat; Color, a 
 moderate or natural heat. 
 
 Fessier, fes'seA'. The French term 
 for Gluteal or Gluteus, which see. 
 
 Fes'ter-iiig’. A word applied to a 
 sore, signifying the discharge either of 
 pus or of a morbid watery fluid. 
 
 Fes-tooneiT Rings. A popular de- 
 signation of the fibrous zones or tendin- 
 ous circles which surround the orifices 
 of the heart. 
 
 Fe tal. [Foeta'lis.] Belonging to 
 the foetus. 
 
 Feticide. See Fceticide. 
 
 Fet'id. [Fce'tidus; from fce’teo , 
 to " become putrid.”] Having a bad 
 smell. 
 
 Fe'tor. [F«e'tor,o'r/>/ from foe’teo, 
 to " stink.”] A bad smell, or stink. 
 
 Fe'ver. [Lat. Fe'brin; Fr. Fit ore, 
 fe-evR'or fe-dvR'.] A condition charac- 
 202 
 
 terized by accelerated pulse, increased 
 heat of surface, loss of appetite, thirst, 
 languor, debility, unwillingness to move, 
 and general disturbance of all the func- 
 tions. See Febris, and Pyrexia. 
 
 Fever, Slig-fit. Sec Febricula. 
 
 Fe'ver-islu. [Lat. Feb'rieins; Fr. 
 Fiecreux, fe-i'vRUh'.] A term applied 
 to the state of one laboring under fever; 
 also to that which causes fever, 
 
 Fi'foer.* The Latin term for the 
 " beaver.” 
 
 Fi'bre. [Fi'bra; from fiber, "ex- 
 treme;” because originally applied to 
 the thread-like radicles at the extremity 
 of a root.] The minute threads or fila- 
 ments which occur in the structure of 
 parts in animals and vegetables. 
 
 Fi'bre, An'i-mal. [Fi'bra Ani- 
 ma'lis.] The filaments which compose 
 the muscular fasciculi, the cellular mem- 
 brane, etc. 
 
 Fi'bre, Wood'y. [Fi'bra ILig-'mea.] 
 The filaments of which any woody sub- 
 stance is composed. 
 
 Fibreux, f&'buuh'. The French term 
 for Fibrous, which see. 
 
 Fl'bril. [Fibril'la; the diminutive 
 of fi'bra, a "fibre.”] Applied in the 
 plural to the extremely slender filaments 
 seen by the microscope, and by the col- 
 lection of a number of which in a sheath, 
 or sarcolemma, a muscular fibre (of ani- 
 mal life) is formed. 
 
 Fib-ril-la'tus.* [From fibril'la, a 
 "little fibre.”] Disposed in very delicate 
 filaments. 
 
 Fl'brin, or Fi'brine. [Fibri'na; 
 
 from fi'bra , a "fibre.”] A peculiar whit- 
 ish, solid, insipid, and inodorous com- 
 pound substance found in animal and 
 vegetable matter; coagulable lymph. 
 
 Fib-riii-o&'e-nous. [From fibri'na , 
 "fibrin,” and ysvvaoi, to "produce.”] 
 Producing fibrin. Applied by Virchow 
 to a substance which exists in lymph and 
 is converted into fibrin by exposure to 
 air. 
 
 Fi'br©-. [From fi'bra, a "fibre.”] A 
 prefix denoting a fibrous condition. 
 
 Fi 'bro-Car ' ti-la&e. Membraniform 
 cartilage. The substance, intermediate 
 between proper cartilage and ligament, 
 constituting the base of the ear, de- 
 termining the form of that part; and 
 composing the rings of the trachea, the 
 epiglottis, etc. By the older anatomists 
 it was termed ligamentous cartilage, or 
 cartilagiuiform ligament. Fibro-cartilagcs 
 are sometimes formed as the result of a 
 morbid process in different organs. 
 
FIB 
 
 FIR 
 
 Fi'bro-Plas'tic. [Fi'bro-Plas'ti- 
 
 cus ; from fi'bro-, and nXaaocj, to “ form/’] 
 Forming fibres. Applied to an organized 
 tissue, from the corpuscles exuded on 
 6ores. 
 
 Fi'brous. [Fibro'sus; from fi'bra, 
 a “fibre.”] (Fr. Fibreux, fe'bRuh'.j 
 Having fibres, or composed of fibres. 
 
 Fib'ii-la.* Literally, a “ clasp.” The 
 long bone extending from the knee to the 
 ankle, on the outer side of the leg. 
 
 Fib'u-lar. [From fib'ula.] Belong- 
 ing to the fibula. 
 
 Ficati©,* fi-ka'she-o, or Fi'cus.* 
 [From fi'cus, a “ fig.”] A fig-like tubercle 
 about the anus or pudenda. 
 
 FiL'coi<l. [Ficoi'des; from fi'cus, a 
 “fig,” and elcog, a “form.”] Resembling 
 a fig. 
 
 Ficoideae,* fi-ko-i'de-e. A natural 
 order of plants. See Mesembryace^e. 
 
 Fi'cus,* A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Polygamia, natural order Urticacesc. 
 Also, the Pharmacopoeial name || for the 
 dried fruit of Ficus carica , or fig. 
 
 Ficus* is also the name of a fleshy 
 substance, or condyloma, resembling a 
 fig. See Ficatio. 
 
 Fi'cus €ar'i-ca.* The fig-tree ; also 
 called F. commit' nis, F. sati'va, and F. v al- 
 ga' r is. 
 
 Fi'cus E-las'tl-ca.* The tree which 
 affords caoutchouc, or Indian rubber. 
 
 Fid'gets. [Tituba'ti©.] A term de- 
 noting general restlessness, with a desire 
 of changing one’s position. 
 
 Fi-di£-i-na'les.* [From fid'icen , a 
 “harper.”] A designation of the lum- 
 bricales (muscles) of the hand, from their 
 usefulness in playing upon musical in- 
 struments. 
 
 Fifcvre, fe-sivR' or fe-evR'. The 
 French term for Fever, which see. 
 
 Fifevre Alglde. See Algida Febris. 
 
 Fifcvre Hecti^ue. See Hectic 
 Fever. 
 
 Fievre Jaune. See Yellow Fever. 
 
 Fievreux. See Feverish. 
 
 Fiftli Pair of Nerves. See Tri- 
 gemini. 
 
 Fig 1 . See Ficus. 
 
 Fil'a-ment. [Filamen'tum; from 
 fi'lum , a “thread.”] A small, delicate, 
 thread-like substance ; a fibre. The 
 thread-like part of a stamen. 
 
 Fi-la'ri-a.* [Froni/&7ftw<, a “thread.”] 
 A thread-like parasitic worm, which in- 
 fests the cornea of the eye of the horse. 
 
 Fila'ria Med-i-nen'sis.* The sys- 
 tematic name of the Guinea-worm. 
 
 Filicales. See Filices. 
 
 Filices,* fil'e-sez, the plural of Fi'« 
 lix. Ferns. A natural order of cryp- 
 togamous plants, which abound in tempe- 
 rate and tropical regions, remarkable for 
 their beautiful plumy foliage. 
 
 Fil i-coid. [Filicoi'des; from Fi'- 
 lix, and eido;, a “form.”] Fern-like. 
 
 Fil-i-col / o-g , y. [From Fi'lix , a “ fern,” 
 and Xtiyo;, a “discourse.”] That branch 
 of Botany which treats of ferns. 
 
 Fil'i-form. [Filifor'mis ; from fi' - 
 lum , a “thread.”] Having the appear- 
 ance of thread. 
 
 Fi'lix,* gen. Fil'i-cis. The Latin 
 word for “ fern.” Applied in the plural 
 to a Linnaean order of Cryptugamia. ( See 
 Filices.) Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Br. Ph.) of the rhizoma of Aspi- 
 dinm filix mas. 
 
 Fi'lix Mas.* Male Fern. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the rhi- 
 zoma of Aspidium Filix Mas, which see. 
 
 Film. The popular name for opacity 
 of the cornea. 
 
 Filter. [Fil'trum.] An apparatus 
 of various construction, for the purposes 
 of filtration. 
 
 Fil'trate. [From fil'trum , a “filter.”] 
 Any liquid strained or filtered. 
 
 Fil-tra'tion. [Filtra'tio, o'nis; 
 from fil'trum, a “ filter.”] The process by 
 which a fluid is gradually separated from 
 the particles or impurities that may be 
 floating or suspended in it; straining. 
 
 Fil'trum.* Literally, a “filter.” 
 Sometimes applied to the superficial 
 groove across the upper lip from the par- 
 tition of the nose to the tip of the lip. 
 
 Fim'bri-a.* [From fi'brum, an “ ex- 
 tremity.”] A border, or fringe. Applied 
 in the plural ( fim'brise ) to the extremities 
 of the Fallopian tubes. 
 
 Fim'bri-ate, or Fim'bri-at-ed. 
 [Fimbria'tus ; from fim'bria, a 
 “fringe.”] Having a fringe, or border. 
 
 Fin'ger [IMg'itus Ma nus], in ana- 
 tomical language denotes one of the five 
 extremities of the hand ; in popular pan- 
 lance, one of the four besides the thumb. 
 
 Fingered. See Digitate. 
 
 Fins. [Pin'nae.] Membranous or- 
 gans in fishes, somewhat analogous to 
 hands and feet. 
 
 Fire Damp. A name given by miners 
 to the explosive gas, consisting chiefly of 
 light carburetted hydrogen, found in 
 mines. 
 
 First In-ten'tion. Union by the 
 first intention means adhesive inflam- 
 mation without suppuration, as when 
 the lips of a wound made by a sharp 
 203 
 
FIS 
 
 FLA 
 
 knife are brought into immediate con- 
 tact, and quickly healed without much 
 inflammation. 
 
 Fish-Glue. See Ichthyocolla. 
 
 Fish-Skin. See Ichthyosis. 
 
 Fissile. [Fis'silis; from Jin'do, fis'- 
 sm»i, to “cleave.”] Cleavable; easily cleft 
 or cloven. 
 
 Fis-sip 'ar-ous. [Fissip'arus ; 
 
 from Jin' do, Jis'sum, to “cleave,” and 
 pa'rio, to “produce.”] Producing off- 
 spring by portions being separated from 
 the parent individual. See next article. 
 
 Fissip'arous ^ren-e-ra'tion. That 
 generation which occurs either by spon- 
 taneous division of the body of the pa- 
 rent into two or more parts, each part, 
 when separated, becoming a distinct indi- 
 vidual, as in the monad, vorticella, etc., 
 or by artificial division, as in the hydra, 
 planaria, etc. The propagation of plants 
 by slips furnishes another example of 
 this kind of reproduction. 
 
 Fis-sl-pa'tion. [Fissipa'tio, o'ma.] 
 A faulty term for Fissiparous Gene- 
 ration, which see. 
 
 Fis-si-ros'tris.* [From fin' do, Jis'- 
 8iwi, to “cleave,” and ros'trnni, a “ beak.”] 
 Applied in the plural ( Fissiros'tres ) to 
 a family of birds having a broad beak 
 with an extended commissure : fissiros'- 
 trate. 
 
 Fis-su'ra Gla-se'ri-i.* (“Glaser’s 
 Fissure.”) A fissure situated in the deep- 
 est part of the glenoid fossa. 
 
 Fissu'ra L.on-gi-tu-di-na'lis.* 
 (“Longitudinal Fissure.”) A deep fis- 
 sure observed in the median line on the 
 upper surface of the brain, occupied by 
 the falx cerebri of the dura mater. 
 
 Fissu'ra Syl'vl-i* (“Fissure of 
 Sylvius”), called also Fissu'ra Jlag'- 
 11a Syl'vii* (“Great Fissure of Syl- 
 vius”). A fissure which separates the 
 anterior and middle lobes of the cere- 
 brum. It lodges the middle cerebral 
 artery. 
 
 Fissu'ra Fm-bil-I-ca'lis.* (“Um- 
 bilical Fissure.”) The groove of the um- 
 bilical vein, situated between the large 
 and small lobes, at the upper and fore 
 part of the liver. This groove in the 
 foetus contains the umbilical vein. 
 
 Fis'sure. [Fissu'ra; from fin’ do, 
 Jis'sum, to “cleave.”] Any deep ex- 
 tended depression. 
 
 Fis'sureof the Spleen. The groove 
 which divides the inner surface of the 
 spleen. It is filled by vessels and fat. 
 
 Fis'sus.* [From Jin'do , Jis'sum, to 
 “cleave.”] Divided; cleft; cloven. I 
 204 
 
 Fist. Armat. = F is' tula arma’tafl* 
 “A clyster pipe and bag fit for use.” 
 
 Fis'tu-la.* [Originally, a “ pipe.”] A 
 sinuous ulcer, having an external open- 
 ing often leading to a larger cavity, and 
 slow to heal. A fistula is termed blind 
 when it has but one opening, and com- 
 plete if it has two, communicating with an 
 internal cavity, and with the surface. 
 
 Fis'tula in A 'no.* (“ Fistula in the 
 
 Anus.”) A fistula in the cellular sub- 
 stance about the anus or rectum. 
 
 Fis'tu-lous. [Fistulo'sus; from Jis'- 
 tuln .] Of the nature of fistula. Also ap- 
 plied to plants having many tubes. 
 
 Fixed Air. See Carbonic Acid. 
 
 Fixed Bod'ies. [Cor'pora Fix 'a.] 
 Substances which do not evaporate by 
 heat, especially those which cannot be 
 fused or volatilized : as carbon, silicon, etc. 
 
 Fix i-ty. [Fix'itas, a'rfs.] A pro- 
 perty by which bodies withstand the 
 action of heat. See preceding article. 
 
 FI. = Flu'idus* “ Fluid.” 
 
 Fla-bel'li-form. [Flabellifor'mis; 
 from /label' him, a “fan.”] Fanlike. 
 
 Flacourtiaeeae,* fiA-koor-te-a'she-e. 
 [From Flacour'tia, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, natives of the hottest parts of the 
 East and West Indies. 
 
 Flag', Sweet-Scented. See Acorus 
 Calamus. 
 
 F la-gel' li -form. [Flagellifor 'mis ; 
 
 from flayd' lum, a “little whip.”] Re- 
 sembling a little whip. A botanical 
 term denoting “ whiplike.” 
 
 Fla-gel'lum.* [Diminutive of flag' - 
 rum, a “ whip.”] Applied in Botany to a 
 runner which is long and slender, like a 
 whip. 
 
 Flake-White. The subnitrate of 
 bismuth. 
 
 Flame. [Flam'ma.] The com- 
 bustion of any substance yielding an in- 
 flammable gas. 
 
 Flank. (Fr. Flanc, floN°, the “ side.”) 
 That part of the body between the false 
 ribs and the Ossa innominata. 
 
 Flash. A preparation used for color- 
 ing brandy and rum, and giving them a 
 fictitious strength ; it consists of an ex- 
 tract of cayenne pepper, or capsicum with 
 burnt sugar. 
 
 Flat'u-lence, or Flat'u-len-cjr. 
 [Flatiilen'tia : from Jln'tus , “wind.”] 
 A collection of gas or wind in the sto- 
 mach and bowels, from fermentation or 
 chemical decomposition of the articles 
 of food taken into the stomach. 
 
 Flat'u-lent. [Flatulcn tus ; from 
 
FLA 
 
 FLO 
 
 the same.] Having flatulence, or causing 
 flatulence. 
 
 Fla'tus.* [From flo, fla'tum, to 
 “blow."] Wind, or gas, in the stomach 
 and bowels : flatulency. 
 
 Flax. The Li'num usitatis' simum. 
 
 Flax, Pnrg'ing. The Linum cath- 
 articum. 
 
 Fleam. [Flam'ma, or Flam 'inula.] 
 
 An instrument for lancing the gums and 
 for bleeding horses. 
 
 Fl^cliisseur. See Flexor. 
 
 Flesli. [Lat. Ca'ro, Car'nis; Fr. 
 Chair , sheR.] The muscles, and generally 
 the soft parts, of an animal. Sometimes 
 applied to the fruit, leaves, etc. of plants, 
 when of a thick consistence, somewhat 
 like flesh. 
 
 Flesh, Proud. See Proud Flesh. 
 
 Fleshy. See Carneus, and Car- 
 kosus. 
 
 Flex'ile. [Flex'ilis: from flee' to, 
 flex' um, to “bend.”] Flexible; easily 
 bent. 
 
 Flex'ion. [Flex'io, o 'nis; from the 
 same.] The state of being bent. 
 
 Flex'or, o'r is* [From the same.] 
 (Fr. Flechisseur, flAsh^'suR'.) Literally, 
 a “ bender;” applied to muscles. 
 
 Flex'or Car pi Ra-di-a'lis.* (“ Ra- 
 dial Flexor of the Wrist.") See Pal- 
 marts Magnus. 
 
 Flex'or Lon'gus Dig-i-to'rum 
 
 Pe'dis.* (“Long Flexor of the Fingers 
 of the Foot.") It arises from the posterior 
 surface of the tibia, and is inserted into 
 the phalanges of the last four toes. It 
 bends the toes, and extends the foot upon 
 the leg. 
 
 Flex'or Fon'gus Pol'li-cis.* 
 
 (“ Long Flexor of the Thumb.") A muscle 
 which arises from the anterior part of 
 the radius and interosseous ligament, 
 and is inserted into the second phalanx 
 of the thumb. It bends the thumb and 
 hand. 
 
 Flex'or Lon'gus Pol'licis Pe'dis.* 
 
 (“Long Flexor of the Thumb of the 
 Foot, or Great Toe”) It arises from the 
 posterior part of the fibula, and is in- 
 serted into the second phalanx of the 
 great toe. It bends the toe. 
 
 Flex'u-ous, or Flex'u-ose. [Flex- 
 uo'sus; from the same.] Having many 
 bendings, or turnings; zigzag. 
 
 Flint. [Si'lex.] A mineral consist- 
 ing of silicious earth, nearly pure. 
 
 Flint, Liiq'uor of, or Liq uor Sil'- 
 Vcum.* A name formerly given to the 
 solution of silicated alkali. 
 
 Floating. Se« Natans. 
 
 18 * 
 
 Float'ing Ribs. [Cos'tsc Flue* 
 tuan'tes.] The last two false ribs, 
 whose anterior extremities are not con- 
 nected with the rest, or with each other. 
 
 Floc'^i,* the plural of floe' cut, a “ lock 
 or little particle of wool, cotton," etc. 
 
 Floc'^i Vol-i-tan'tes.* The ima- 
 ginary objects floating before the eyes, 
 in cases of depraved sight. See Muscle 
 Yolitantes. 
 
 Floccilatio,* flok-se-la'she-o. See 
 Floccillation. 
 
 Floc-^il-lation. [Floccilla'tio, 
 
 o' nis; from floe'e as, a“lock of wool," 
 the “ nap of clothes."] The picking of 
 the bedclothes, — a symptom betokening 
 extreme danger. See Carphology. 
 
 Floc'cu-lus,* otherwise called Lo'- 
 bns Nervi Pneu-mo-gas'trl-ci.* 
 (“Lobe of the Pneumogastric Nerve.") 
 A term applied to the pneumogastric 
 lobule of the cerebellum ; its form is that 
 of a small foliated or lamellated tuft. 
 
 Flood ing, [llieniorrha'gia Fte- 
 ri'na.] The popular term for uterine 
 haemorrhage; more particularly in con- 
 nection with parturition. 
 
 Flo'ra.* [From flos, flo’ris, a 
 “flower."] Originally, the Goddess of 
 Flowers. The Flora of any country (or 
 district) is the entire assemblage of 
 plants which nature has allotted to it. 
 Also, a systematic description of those 
 plants. 
 
 Flo'ral. [Flora'Iis; from flos, a 
 “flower."] Belonging to flowers. 
 
 Floral Feaf. ’See Bractea. 
 
 Flor'en-tine Or'ris. The Iris Flor- 
 entina. 
 
 Flo'res.* (The plural of Flos, which 
 see.) “ Flowers." A term formerly used 
 to denote such bodies as assume a pul- 
 verulent form by sublimation or crystalli- 
 zation. 
 
 Flo'res Antimo'nii.* (“ Flowers of 
 Antimony.") They consist of small, 
 elongated, and very brilliant crystals of 
 the sesquioxide of antimony. 
 
 Flo'res Bismu'thi.* (“Flowers of 
 Bismuth.") A yellowish oxide of bis- 
 muth. 
 
 Flo'res Sul'phuris.* (“ Flowers of 
 Sulphur.") Sublimed sulphur. 
 
 Flo'res Zin'ci.* (“Flowers of Zinc.") 
 Oxide of zinc, or philosophical wool. 
 
 Flo-res'^ence. [Florescen'tia ; 
 from flores'eo, to “flower," to “flourish."] 
 The act of flowering, in plants; also, the 
 season of flowering. 
 
 Floret. See Flosculus. 
 
 Florideae. See Ceramiacea3. 
 
 205 
 
FLO 
 
 FLY 
 
 rio-riff er-ous. [Florif erus; from 
 flos, a ‘‘flower,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing flowers. 
 
 Flos,* gen. Flo'ris. A “flower.” 
 That part of a plant which comprises 
 the organs of reproduction, the essential 
 parts of which are stamens and pistils. 
 These in a complete flower are sur- 
 rounded by two envelopes, of which the 
 inferior or exterior is called the calyx, 
 or cup ; the superior or interior is termed 
 the corolla. See Corolla, and Calyx. 
 
 Flos dG»ru'gi-nis. i: (“ Flower of 
 Verdigris.”) Capri acetas, or acetate of 
 copper, sometimes called distilled or 
 crystallized verdigris. 
 
 Flos'cu-lous. [Flosciilo'siis; from 
 flos' cuius .] Having many florets : flos'- 
 culose. 
 
 Flos'cu-IuS.* [Diminutive of jlos, a 
 “ flower.”] A little flower; a fl >ret. 
 
 Flour. See Farina, and Pollen. 
 
 Flower. See Flos. 
 
 Flowers. See Flores. 
 
 Flowers of Antimony, Sulphur, 
 etc. See Flores. 
 
 Flu'ate. [Flu'as, a r tis.] A combi- 
 nation of fluoric acid with a base. 
 
 Fluc-tu-a'tion. [Fluctua'tio, 
 
 o f nis; from fluc'tuo, fluctua' turn, to “rise 
 in waves.”] Applied to the undulation 
 of a fluid within the body, ascertained 
 by the proper application of the fingers, 
 or the hind, or by succussion. 
 
 Flu ill. [Flu'idus; from flu'o, to 
 “ flow.”] Having particles easily sepa- 
 rable, yielding to the least pressure, and 
 moving over each other in every direction. 
 
 Flu'iil of €o-tmi'iii-ais. It has been 
 also called A' qua Labyrin' thi (“ Water 
 of the Labyrinth”), and by Breschet, 
 the perilymph. A thin gelatinous fluid, 
 found in the bony cavities of the laby- 
 rinth of the ear: so called from the name 
 of the anatomist who first distinctly de- 
 scribed it. 
 
 Fiu-id'i-ty. [Fluid'itas, a'fts.] The 
 quality of being fluid. 
 
 Flu'i-tlraclim. [Fluidracli'ma; 
 
 from fla'idas, “fluid,” and drach'ma, a 
 “drachm.”] Sixty minims: a fluid 
 drachm. 
 
 Flu-id-un'cia* (-un'she-a). [From 
 fla'idas , and nn'cia, an “ounce.”] Eight 
 fluidrachms: a fluid ounce. 
 
 Fluke. An intestinal worm. See 
 D I STOMA. 
 
 Flu-o-bo'rate. [Fluobo'ras, a'//*.] 
 A combination of fluoboric acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Flu-o-bo'ric. [Fluobo'ricus; from 
 2U6 
 
 fluo'rium , “ fluorin,” and bo'rium , 
 
 “ boron.”] Composed of fluorin and bo- 
 ron. Applied to an acid. 
 
 Flu'or, o'ris.* [From flu'o, to 
 “flow.”] A flowing, or flux. Also, 
 fluorin, a simple body, the existence of 
 which is predicated on mere analogy. 
 The term is sometimes applied to a dis 
 eased condition of the mucous secretion 
 of the vagina. See Leucorrhcea. 
 
 Fluor Al'bus.* (“White Flux.”) 
 See Leucorrhiea. 
 
 Flu 'or Spar. (So called from its as - 
 sisting the fusion of earthy minerals 
 in metallurgic operations.) Derbyshire 
 spar; properly, fluoride of calcium. 
 
 Flu-or-a'tus.* Having or contain- 
 ing fluorine: flu'orated. Hydrofluoric 
 acid has been called fluorated hydrogen. 
 
 Flu-or'ic. [Fluor'icus.] Belong- 
 ing to fluorin. 
 
 Fluor'ic A$'id. An acid obtained 
 by treating fluor spar with sulphuric 
 acid. Owing to its destructive proper- 
 ties, it has been termed phthore (from 
 < pOopiog , “destructive”). 
 
 Flu'o- ride. A combination of fluorin 
 with a base. 
 
 Flu'or-iu, or Flu'or-iue. [Fluo'- 
 rium.] The supposed primary princi- 
 ple of hydrofluoric acid, found chiefly in 
 fluor spar. See Fluor. 
 
 Flu-or'u-ret. [Fluoruretum ; 
 from fluo’rium .] A combination of flu- 
 orin with a simple body. 
 
 Flu'vi-al, Flu'vi-a-lile. [Fluviat'- 
 ilis; from flu'vius, a “river.”] Belong- 
 ing to a river. 
 
 Flux. [Flux'us; from flu'o, flux' um, 
 to “ flow.”] Any excessive discharge 
 from the bowels or other organs. Ap- 
 plied in Chemistry to any substance 
 used to promote the fusion of metals. 
 See Flux, Chemical. 
 
 Flux, Black. See Black Flux. 
 
 Flux, CBieiii'I-cal. A substance or 
 mixture much employed to assist the 
 fusion of minerals. Alkaline fluxes are 
 generally used, which render the earthy 
 mixtures fusible by converting them into 
 glass. 
 
 Flux'ion. [Flux'io, o'nis ; from 
 flu'o, flux' am, to “flow.”] The change 
 of metals or other bodies from solid to 
 fluid by the agency of heat; fusion. 
 
 Flux'us Cap-il-lo'runi.* (“Flow- 
 ing or Passing Away of the Hair.”) A 
 term applied by Celsus to alopecia, or 
 the falling off of the hair. 
 
 Fly Pow'der. (Fr. Poudre it Mo aches, 
 poodu & moosh'.) A black powder formed 
 
FLY 
 
 FOO 
 
 by the exposure of metallic arsenic to 
 a moist atmosphere till it becomes partly 
 oxidized. 
 
 Flying Blisters. See Blisters, 
 Flying. 
 
 Fo'cus,* plural Fo'^i. Literally, a 
 “hearth” or “fireplace.” Applied in 
 Astronomy to the two points ( Fo'ci ) 
 within the elliptical orbit of a planet 
 round the sun. In Optics, the point of 
 convergence of the rays of light after 
 passing through a convex lens, or being 
 reflected from a concave mirror. 
 
 Feecumlitas. See Fecundity. 
 
 F«eiii-iia'e-ans. ;: [From fcem'ina, a 
 
 “woman.”] Belonging to a female; 
 feminine. 
 
 Fcp-nie'n-lum.$ Fennel. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || for the fruit of 
 Foeniculum vulgare , dulce, or officinale; 
 the Anethum fceniculum. Fennel-seed is 
 a grateful aromatic, and is much used as 
 a carminative, and especially to correct 
 the action of other medicines, as senna, 
 rhubarb, etc. 
 
 F«enic'uluin ttul'ce,* Feemic'u- 
 lmm Ger-man i-cimi. 1 ' The Anethum 
 fceniculum , or sweet fennel. 
 
 F<ceticide, fe'ti-sid. [Fcetici'dium ; 
 from foe'tus, and cse'do, to “kill.”] The 
 murder of the foetus in utero; criminal 
 abortion. 
 
 Foe' tuns,* or Fe'tcis. (Fr. Faix, f&.) 
 The child in utero from the fifth month 
 of pregnancy till birth. 
 
 Foie (Fr.), fw&. See Liver. 
 
 Folia. See Folium. 
 
 Fo'lia Cer-e-tael'li.* [From/o'Jtujw, 
 any sort of leaf.] An assemblage of 
 gray laminae observed on the surface of 
 the cerebellum. 
 
 Fo-li-a'ceous. [Folia'ceias : from 
 fo'lium , a “ leaf.”] Full of leaves ; leafy. 
 
 Fo'fli-ate. [Folia'tms; from the 
 same.] Clothed with leaves; leafy. 
 
 Fo-li-a/ttom. [FoIia'tio,o'«isy from 
 the same.] The putting forth of leaves; 
 arrangement of leaves in the bud. Also, 
 the act of beating a metal into thin 
 leaves. 
 
 FoSae, fo'l&'. The French term for 
 Insanity, which see. 
 
 Fo-Mf 'er-ouas. [Foliif'erns, or 
 FoMf 'eims ; from fo'lium , a “leaf,” and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or producing 
 leaves. 
 
 Fo'IS-ole. [Foli'olmm.] Diminutive 
 of Fo'lium. A little leaf, or leaflet. 
 
 Fo'li-mm,* plural Fo'li-a. [From 
 <pv XXov, a “leaf.”] The leaf of a plant. 
 A thin plate of metal. 
 
 Fol'll-cle. [Follic'ulus; diminu- 
 tive of fol’lis, a “bag.”] A little bag. 
 Applied in Anatomy to a very small 
 secretory cavity. In Botany it denotes 
 a simple pod opening by the inner 
 suture, differing from the legume, w hich 
 opens by both sutures. 
 
 Fol-lic'u-late. [Fcllfcula'tus ; 
 from follic'ulus, a “follicle.”] Having 
 follicles. 
 
 Fol-lic'u-lose, or Fol-lie'u-lous. 
 [Folliculo'sus ; from follic'ulus, a 
 “follicle.”] Having numerous follicles. 
 
 Follacuflus. See Follicle. 
 
 Fol-lic'u-lus A'er-is.* (“Little Bag 
 of Air.”) The space at the broad end of 
 an egg. 
 
 Fo-meu-ta'tion. [Fomenta'tio, 
 
 o' in’s ; from fo'veo, to “keep warm.”] 
 The application of any warm, soft, me- 
 dicinal substance to some part of the 
 body, by which the vessels are relaxed, 
 and their morbid action sometimes re- 
 moved. 
 
 Fo' nines,** gen. Fom'i-tis. [From 
 the same.] Any porous substance capa- 
 ble of absorbing contagious effluvia, as 
 woollen clothing, etc. See Fomites. 
 
 Fom'I-tes,* the plural of Fo'mcs. 
 Applied to goods, clothing, or other 
 materials imbued with contagion. 
 
 Fonctiou, f7>N G 'se-6N G '. The French 
 term for Function, which see. 
 
 Fongosit£, ft>N G 'go'ze't&/. The French 
 term for Fungosity, which see. 
 
 Fonguenx, f6ri G 'guh\ The French 
 term for Fungous, which see. 
 
 Fong'us, ffm^giiss'. The French 
 term for Fungus, which see. 
 
 Fons Pul-sa'tSl-is.* (“Pulsating 
 Fountain.”) The anterior fontanel, be- 
 cause for years after birth arterial pul- 
 sation may be there perceived. See 
 Fontanel. 
 
 Fou'tia-nel. [Foittameria; diminu- 
 tive of fons, a “fountain:” so named 
 because the pulsating of the artery was 
 imagined to resemble the bubbling of a 
 fountain.] (Fr. Fontanelle, ft)N G 't&'nell'.) 
 The quadrangular space between the 
 frontal and two parietal bones in very 
 young children. A smaller one, trian- 
 gular, sometimes exists between the 
 occipital and parietal bones. 
 
 Fon-tac / u-lus.& [Diminutive of 
 fons, a “fountain.”] An issue, or arti- 
 ficial ulcer. See Issue. 
 
 Food. See Aliment, Alitura, and 
 Pabulum. 
 
 Foot. See Pes. 
 
 Foot-BatSe. See Pediluvium. 
 
 207 
 
FOO 
 
 FOR 
 
 Foot -Jaws. The extremities of the 
 last three pairs of feet in most Crus- 
 tacea. 
 
 Foot-Stalk. See Pedicel, Pedun- 
 cle, Petiole. 
 
 Fo-ra'men,* gen. Fo-rami-nis, 
 
 nominative plural Fo-ram'i-na. [From 
 fo'ro, to “bore a hole.”] A hole, or 
 opening. 
 
 Foramen (tee'ciim.* (“Blind 
 Hole.”) The hole at the root of the 
 spine of the frontal bone ; so called from 
 its not perforating the bone or leading 
 to any cavity. Also the designation of 
 a little sulcus of the brain, situated be- 
 tween the Corpora pyramidalia and the 
 Pons Varolii. 
 
 Fora'men Cse'cum (of Morg-ag'- 
 
 ni, m :>r-g&n'y£). A deep mucous folli- 
 cle, situated at the meeting of the papil- 
 lae circumvallatae upon the middle of the 
 root of the tongue. 
 
 Fora'men In-ci-si'vum.* The 
 
 opening immediately behind the incisor 
 teeth. 
 
 Fora'men Mag'nuan 4>e-cip'I-tis.* 
 
 (“Great Opening of the Occiput.”) The 
 great opening at the under and fore part 
 of the occipital bone, through which the 
 spinal marrow passes, with its vessels 
 and membranes. 
 
 Fora'men of Mon-ro', Fora'men 
 Com-mu'ne An-te'ri-us.* An open- 
 ing under the arch of the fornix of the 
 cerebrum, by which the lateral ventri- 
 cles communicate with each other, with 
 the third ventricle, and with the infun- 
 dibulum. 
 
 Fora'men of Wins'low. An aper- 
 ture situated behind the capsule of Glis- 
 son, first described by Winslow, and 
 forming a communication between the 
 large sac of the omentum and the cavity 
 of the abdomen. 
 
 Fora'men O-va'le.* (“ Oval Open- 
 ing.”) An opening situated in the par- 
 tition which separates the right and left 
 auricles in the foetus. It is also called 
 the Foramen op Botal. The same term 
 is applied to an oval aperture communi- 
 cating between the tympanum and the 
 vestibule of the ear. 
 
 Fora'men Piicumat'icum ;l: (nu- 
 m it'i-kum). (“Pneumatic Foramen.”) 
 A l irge aperture near one -end of the long 
 air-bones of birds, communicating with 
 the interior. 
 
 Fora'men Ro-tun'dum.* (“Round 
 Opening.”) The round, or, more cor- 
 rectly, triangular aperture of the inter- 
 nal ear. This, and the Foramen ovale , 
 208 
 
 are respectively synonymous with Fenes- 
 tra ovalis and Fenestra rotunda. 
 
 Fora'men Sn'pra-Or-bit-a'rl- 
 
 um.* (“Supra-Orbital Opening.”) The 
 supra-orbital hole or notch, situated on 
 the ridge over which the eyebrow is 
 placed. It gives passage to the super- 
 ciliary artery. 
 
 Fora'men Ve-sa'll-i.* (“ Foramen 
 of Vesalius.”) An indistinct hole, situ- 
 ated between the foramen rot nudum and 
 foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone : it 
 was particularly pointed out by Vesa- 
 lius. 
 
 Fo-ram'I-na.* The plural of Fora- 
 men, which see. 
 
 Fo-ram'I-nat-ed. [Foramina'! ns ; 
 
 from fora'men, a “hole.”] Pierced with 
 small holes. 
 
 Fo-ram-in-if'er-ous. [Foramin- 
 
 if'erns; from fora'men , a “hole,” and 
 fe } ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or having 
 foramina. 
 
 For'ceps,* gen. For'^I-pis. [As if 
 
 Fer'riceps ; from fer'rum, “iron,” and 
 ca'pio , to “take.”] Originally, a “pair 
 of tongs or pincers.” Applied in Ob- 
 stetrics to an instrument consisting of 
 a pair of curved blades, for the purpose 
 of grasping the head of the foetus and 
 bringing it through the passages, in cer- 
 tain cases of difficult labor. Also, to 
 various surgical instruments, of diverse 
 construction, for seizing hold of objects, 
 etc. Applied in Zoology to the claws of 
 certain Crustacese. 
 
 Forces of Medicines. See Dyn- 
 amics. 
 
 Fore'-Arm. [Antibra'cliiuin.] 
 
 The cubitus, that portion of the arm 
 between the elbow and wrist. In Orni- 
 thology, the second part of the anterior 
 extremity which supports the wing. 
 
 Forehead. See Frons, and Sinciput. 
 
 For'eign Body. Any substance 
 which is left in a wound and keeps up 
 irritation, preventing its cure, as a bullet, 
 a piece of broken glass, a splinter, nail, 
 etc. 
 
 Fo-ren'sic Med'I-cIne. Such parts 
 of medicine as are connected with judi- 
 cial inquiries. See Medical Jurispru- 
 dence. 
 
 Fore-Shin. See Prepuce. 
 
 Forgetfulness. See Amnesia. 
 
 Forked. See Furcate. 
 
 For' mate, For'mi-ate. [For 'mas, 
 or For'mias. a'f/s.] A combination of 
 formic acid with a base. 
 
 For'mic. [Formi'ens; from for - 
 mi'ea, the “ant.”] Applied to an acid 
 
FOR 
 
 FRA 
 
 obtained by distillation of ants and 
 water. 
 
 For-mi'ca. :} Literally, an “ant." A 
 term applied by the Arabians to Herpes, 
 from its creeping progress. 
 
 Formi ca Ru'fa.* The ant, emmet, 
 or pismire, which contains an acid juice 
 and oil supposed to possess aphrodisiac 
 virtues. 
 
 For-ini-ca'tion. [Form tea' tio, 
 
 o 'nis, a tingling like the stinging of ants; 
 from formi’ca, an “ ant/’] (Fr. Fourmille - 
 meat, fooR'in^I'inoN 0 '.) A sense of prick- 
 ing or tingling on the surface of the 
 body. 
 
 For-mi^'ic. The same as Formic. 
 
 For' mu-la.* [Diminutive of for'ma, 
 a “ form.”] A short form of prescription 
 in practice, in place of the more full in- 
 struction in the Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 For'myle, Fer-chlo'ride of. The 
 fluid substance Chloroform. 
 
 For'ni-cate. [Fornica'tus; from 
 for’ nix, a “ vault,” for’nicor, to “be 
 arched.”] Arched; vaulted. 
 
 For-ni^'i-form. [Foniicifor'inis; 
 from for’ nix, a “vault.”] Resembling 
 an arch, or vault; vaulted. 
 
 For'mx,* gen. For'ni-cis. An arch 
 or vault. A white, fibrous, triangular 
 substance of the brain beneath the 
 Corpus callosum and Septum lucidum ; 
 so called because it has a somewhat 
 arched appearance: also termed Corpus 
 psaloides. 
 
 Fos'sa.* [From fo’dio , fos’sum, to 
 “ dig.”] Originally, a “ ditch” or “fosse.” 
 A depression, or sinus. Also, the Puden- 
 dum muliebre. 
 
 Fos sa IXy-a-lo-i'cle-a.* [See Hy- 
 aloid.] The cup-like excavation of the 
 vitreous humor, in which the crystalline 
 lens is imbedded. 
 
 Fos'sa Iii-nom-i-na'ta.* (“ Un- 
 named Fossa.”) The space between the 
 helix and the anthelix of the ear. 
 
 Fos'sa Faclk-ry-ma'lis.* (“Lach- 
 rymal Fossa.”) A depression in the 
 frontal bone for the reception of the 
 lachrymal gland. 
 
 Fossa Xa-vic-u-la'ris.* (“Navic- 
 ular or Boat-Shaped Fossa.”) The 
 superficial depression which separates 
 the two roots of the anthelix; also called 
 Sca’pha , or “ little boat.” Applied also 
 to the dilatation towards the extremity 
 of the spongy portion of the urethra. 
 Also, the name of a small cavity imme- 
 diately within the fourchette. 
 
 Fos'sa O-va'lis.* (“ Oval Fossa.”) 
 The oval depression presented by the 
 
 septum of the right auricle of the 
 heart. 
 
 Fos'sa Fi-tu-i-ta'ri-a.* (“Pitui- 
 tary Fossa.”) The sella turcica, or cavity 
 in the sphenoid bone, for receiving the 
 pituitary body. 
 
 Fos'sa Sca-ptio-i'des.* A term 
 synonymous with Fossa Navicularis. 
 
 Fos'sa Syl'vi-i.* (“ Fossa of Syl- 
 vius.”) A designation of the fifth ven- 
 tricle of the brain. 
 
 Fos'sil. [Fos'silis; from fo’dio,fos’- 
 sum, to “dig.”] That which is dug out 
 of the earth. Applied to organic re- 
 mains, animal and vegetable, found in 
 the strata of the earth. 
 
 Fos-sil-if 'er-ous. [Fossili Ferns ; 
 from fos' sills, and fe'ro , to “ bear.”] 
 Bearing, or containing, fossil specimens. 
 
 Fos-sil-i-za'lion. [Fossil iza'lio, 
 o ’nia; from fos’silis, “fossil.”] The 
 process of converting into a fossil. 
 
 Fotns. See Fomentation. 
 
 Foil, foo. The French term for In- 
 sane, which see. 
 
 Fourehettc (Fr.), foon'shett'. [Lat. 
 Fur'cula.] Literally, a “ fork.” The 
 posterior commissure of the Labia nia- 
 jorapudendi. In Comparative Anatc my, 
 the prominent portion in the centre of 
 the plantar surface of the horse’s foot, 
 shaped like the letter V, called in com- 
 mon language the “ frog of the foot.” 
 Applied also to the breast-bone (merry- 
 thought) of birds. 
 
 Fourmilleinent, fooR'mel'moNa'. 
 The French term for Formication, 
 which see. 
 
 Fousel Oil. See Fusel Oil. 
 
 Fo've-ate. [Fovea'tus; from fo’vca, 
 a “pit,” a “ depression.”] Having a de- 
 pression or depressions ; pitted. 
 
 Fo-ve'o-late, Fo-ve-o-la'ri-ous. 
 [Foveola'tns, Foveola'rius ; from 
 fove’ola, diminutive of fo’vea, a “pit.”] 
 Having little unequal pits or depres- 
 sions. 
 
 Fo-vil'la.* [Perhaps from fo’veo, to 
 “foster;” because it fosters or keeps 
 alive the vital principle in the plant.] 
 The fecundating liquor contained in the 
 grains of pollen. 
 
 Fowler’s Solution. See Liquor 
 Arsenicalis. 
 
 Fox'-CJlove. The Digitalis pur- 
 purea. 
 
 Frac-to'ra.* [From f ran’ go, frac’- 
 
 tum , to “ break.”] Fracture. A genus 
 of the order Dialyses, class Locales, of 
 Cullen’s Nosology. In Surgery, the so- 
 lution of continuity of a bone, generally 
 209 
 
FRA 
 
 FRX 
 
 by external force, but occasionally by 
 the powerful action of muscles. 
 
 Fracture. See Fractura. 
 
 Frac ture, Com'min-ut-ed. A frac- 
 ture in which the bone is broken or 
 crushed into several pieces. 
 
 Fracture, Compound. See Com- 
 pound Fracture. 
 
 Frac'ture, Sim 'pie. A fracture in 
 which the bone only is divided, without 
 any external wound. 
 
 Frse'na,* the plural of Fr^enum, which 
 see. 
 
 Frae'na Ep-i-glotli-dis.* (“ Curbs 
 of the Epiglottis/’) Three folds of mu- 
 cous membrane which unite the epiglottis 
 to the os hyoides and the tongue. 
 
 Frse'na of the VaSvule of 
 Bauhin. The name given by Mor- 
 gagni to the rugm or lines observed at 
 the extremities of the lips of the valvule 
 of Bauhin, or ileo-colic valve. 
 
 Fraeu'u-lum.* [Diminutive of frse’- 
 num, a “bridle.”] A “little bridle.” 
 Sometimes used for Frsenum. 
 
 Frse'num,* plural Frse'na. (Fr. 
 Frein, fRa,N«.) Literally, a “bridle,” or 
 “curb.” A part which performs the 
 office of a check or curb. 
 
 Frse'num Eab-i-o'rnm.* The 
 fourchette, or lower commissure of the 
 labia majora pudendi. 
 
 Fric'nwm Ein'gnse.* (“Bridle of 
 the Tongue.”) A fold formed at the under 
 surface of the tongue by the mucous 
 membrane lining the mouth. Infants 
 are said to be tongue-tied when the 
 fraenum is very short, or continued too 
 far forward towards the tip of the 
 tongue. 
 
 Frse'num of the ITn'der Lip. 
 [Frie'num La'bai Inferio'ris.] A 
 
 fold of the mucous membrane of the 
 mouth, formed opposite to the symphysis 
 of the chin. 
 
 Frse'nmn Pra5pulii*(pre-pu'she-i). 
 A triangular f )ld, connecting the prepuce 
 with the under part of the glans penis. 
 
 Fra-gil'I-tas Os'si-um.* A morbid 
 “brittleness of the bones.” See Molli- 
 ties Ossium. 
 
 Fra^'ment. [Fra^men'tuin ;from 
 
 f ran’ go, to “ break. ”J A piece of a thing 
 broken. A splinter or detached portion 
 of a fractured bone. 
 
 Framboesia,* fram-be'she-a. (Fr. 
 Framboise, a “ raspberry.”) The yaws. 
 A genus of the order fmpetigenes , class 
 Cachexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Francoacesc,** fran-ko-a'she-e. 
 [From Fran’ coa, one of the genera.] A 
 210 
 
 natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found in Chili. 
 
 Fran-gi-pam'. An extract of milk, 
 for preparing artificial milk, made by 
 evaporating skimmed milk to dryness, 
 mixed with almonds and sugar. 
 
 Frankeniacese,* fran-ke-ne-a'she-e. 
 [From Franke'nia, one of the genera.] 
 A small natural order of exogenous 
 plants, found in Europe, Africa, and Aus- 
 tralia. 
 
 Frankincense. See Olibanum, 
 and Thus. 
 
 Frank'in-cense, Com'mon. The 
 
 Abietis re8ina. 
 
 Fra-se'ra. ;: American Columbo. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 root of Frasera Walteri. 
 
 Fraxl-nine. [Fraxini'na.] A 
 
 crystallizable bitter principle obtained 
 from the Fraxinus excelsior, a species of 
 ash. 
 
 Fraxl-nns.* (Fr. Frene, fRen or 
 fR&n.) A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Pohjgamia, natural order Oleacese. The 
 ash-tree. 
 
 Fraxinus Ornus. See Ornus. 
 
 Frax'imns Ro-tti n-di-ie ' A 
 
 tree from which manna is said to be ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Freckle. See JEstates, Ephelis, 
 and Lentigo. - 
 
 Freezing Mix'tnre. A mixture 
 
 by which artificial cold is produced. 
 
 Freezing' Point. The point at which 
 water freezes, being 32° above zero in 
 Fahrenheit’s thermometer ; in Reaumur’s 
 and the Centigrade, it is taken as zero. 
 
 Frein, fRaN®. The French term for 
 Fraenum, which see. 
 
 Frem'I-tns.* [From fre’mo, frem’i- 
 tum, to “roar,” to “fret,” to “murmur.”] 
 An irregular, rapid, oscillating commo- 
 tion of the muscular system. 
 
 French Ber'ries. The fruit of 
 several species of lthamnus (or Buck- 
 thorn), called by the French Graincs 
 d’ Avignon (gRen or gain d& v ven'y6N«') : 
 they yield a yellow color. 
 
 French Polish. Gum lac dissolved 
 in spirits of wine. 
 
 French Red, or Rouge (roozh). 
 Genuine carmine, mixed with fine sifted 
 starch powder, according to the shade 
 required. 
 
 French White. The common de- 
 signation of finely pulverized talc. 
 
 Fr^ne. See Fraxinus. 
 
 Fri-a-bil'i-ty. [Friabil'itas. a 'lis ; 
 from fri’o, to “ crumble.”] The quality 
 of being easily reducible into small pieces, 
 
FRI 
 
 FUC 
 
 Fri'ar’s Bal-sam. Another name for 
 
 the Tinctu'ra Benzo'ini Compos' it a, for- 
 merly called Bal' samum Traumat' icam, 
 
 Fric'tion. [From fri'eo, fric'tum, 
 to “rub.”] A therapeutical agent of 
 great power, by means of which the circu- 
 lation is stimulated, and medicinal appli- 
 cations enter the pores of the skin. 
 
 Friesland Green. Otherwise called 
 Rruus'wick Green. An ammoniaco- 
 muriate of copper. 
 
 Fri£-i-da'ri-um.* [From frig'idus, 
 “ cold.”] Another name for the cold 
 bath. See Bath. 
 
 Frigid Zone. The space between 
 each Polar circle and the Pole. 
 
 Frig’-o-rif'ic. [FrigoriFicus; from 
 
 fri'gus , “cold,” and fa' do, to “make” 
 or “cause.”] Having power to make 
 cold. 
 
 Fri'gus,* gen. Frig'o-ris. [From 
 fri'geo, to “ be cold.”] Cold ; trembling 
 with cold. This term differs from Algor, 
 which implies suffering or starving with 
 cold. 
 
 Fringe. See Fimbria. 
 
 Frinug’ed. See Fimbriate, Lacini- 
 
 ATUS, ClLIATE. 
 
 Frit, or Fritt. The mass produced 
 by the materials of glass, on calcination. 
 
 Froissenueut, Bruit de, brw6 deli 
 fRwass'moN G \ (“Sound of Rubbing.”) 
 A French term applied to certain sounds 
 of the lungs or heart. 
 
 Froaid. [From frons , fron'dis, a 
 “leaf,” or “green branch.”] A term ap- 
 plied to the leaves of ferns and other 
 cryptogamic plants, from their partaking 
 at once of the nature of a leaf and a 
 branch. 
 
 Froaa-des'^eirace. [Froauflescem'tia; 
 
 from frons, fron'dis, a “ leaf.”] The de- 
 velopment of the leaves, or fronds of 
 plants. 
 
 Fron-dlif 'er-ous. [Frondif'enis ; 
 
 from frons, fron'dis, a “leaf,” and fc'ro, 
 “to bear.”] Bearing fronds. 
 
 FroBBs,* gen. Frowdis. See Frond. 
 
 FroBBS,* gen. Froai'tis. [Perhaps 
 from (ppoi’ri^o, to “study.”] The fore- 
 head : that part of the head between the 
 eyebrows and commencement of the hairy 
 scalp. 
 
 Front 'tal. [Frounta'lis*, from frons, 
 the “ forehead.”] Belonging to the fore- 
 head. 
 
 Frost'-Bite. A state of numbness or 
 torpefaction of a part of the body, caused 
 by intense cold, which, unless relieved 
 hy proper remedies, is followed by the 
 death of the part. In such cases it is 
 
 very important that heat should not b« 
 applied suddenly. If a finger be frozen, 
 the best remedy is to place it in water 
 reduced almost to the freezing-point, by 
 which means the frost is extracted very 
 slowly. 
 
 Frottement (Fr.), fRott'mcN G '. A 
 term signifying “ rubbing.” See Fiioisse- 
 31 ent. 
 
 Frozen Sulphuric Acid. See Gla- 
 cial Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Fruc-tif 'er-ous. [Fruc'tifer; 
 
 from fruc'tus, “fruit,” and fe’ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing fruit. 
 
 Fruc-ti-fi-ca'tion. [Fructifica'- 
 tio, ©'hi#/ from fructif'ico, fructified' - 
 tmn, to “make fruitful,” to “bear fruit.”] 
 That part of a plant, embracing the or- 
 gans appropriated to generation, and 
 comprehending both flowers and fruit, 
 terminating the old plant and beginning 
 the new. 
 
 Fru-giv'or-ous. [Frugiv'orus ; 
 
 from frux, fru'gis, “fruit,” or “coin,” 
 and vo'ro, to “devour.”] Eating or 
 living on grains or seeds. 
 
 Fruit. [From fru'or, fruc'tus, to 
 “enjoy.”] In Botany, the matured ovary, 
 with all its contents and appendages. 
 
 Fruit-Stalk. See Peduncle. 
 
 Fru-meu-la'ceous. [Frumenta'- 
 ceus ; from f rumen' turn, “wheat.”] Ap- 
 plied to all plants that resemble wheat 
 or corn. 
 
 Fru-men'tum.* All kinds of corn 
 or grain for making bread, especially 
 wheat. 
 
 Frnst. = Frustilla'tim.* “In small 
 pieces.” 
 
 Frus'tum.* That part of a pyramid 
 or cone which remains when any part 
 next the vertex is cut off by a plane 
 parallel to the base. 
 
 Fi’u-tes'^ence. [From fruc'tus, 
 “fruit.”] The ripe or mature state of a 
 fruit. 
 
 Fru'tex,* gen. Fru'tfi-cis. A shrub; 
 a plant whose branches are perennial 
 and proceed directly from the surface of 
 the earth, without any supporting trunk. 
 
 FrBi-ti-cose'. [Frutico'sus; from 
 fru'tex, a “shrub.”] Full of shrubs; 
 like a shrub : shrubby. 
 
 Ft. = Fi'at* or Fi'ant* “Let there 
 be made.” 
 
 Fucaceae,*fu-ka'she-e. [From Fu'cus, 
 a kind of sea-weed.] Sea-weeds. A natu- 
 ral order of cryptogamous plants. 
 
 Fu-civ'or-ous. [Fueiv'orus ; 
 
 from fu'cus, a “sea-weed,” and vo'ro , to 
 “devour.”] Living on sea-weed. 
 
 211 
 
FUC 
 
 FUN 
 
 Fu'cus.* [From0v*oj, " sea-wrack.”] 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Crypto- 
 g amia , natural order Fucacese. 
 
 Fu'cus Ve-sic-w-lo'siis.* The sys- 
 tematic name of bladder-fucus, sea-oak, 
 or sea-wrack. 
 
 Fulcrum,* plural Ful'cra. A 
 
 "stay,” or “prop.” In the plural, the 
 various appendages of a plant, as ten- 
 drils, prickles, stipules. In Natural 
 Philosophy, applied to a fixed point on 
 which a lever rests. 
 
 Ful-gu-ra'tion. [Fulgura'tio, 
 O 'nis ; from ful'giir, “ brightness,” “ light- 
 ning.”] The electrical phenomenon of 
 flashes of light in the atmosphere un- 
 accompanied by thunder. 
 
 Fu-lig'In-ous. [Fwligiiio'siiis ; 
 from fuli'go , “soot.”] Full of soot; 
 sooty; smoky. 
 
 Fu-li'go,* gen. Fu-lig'i-nis. The 
 
 Latin term for “soot.” 
 
 Fuli'go Eig'ni.* (“ Soot of Wood.”) 
 Wood-soot is the condensed smoke of 
 burning wood. Made into an ointment, 
 it has been found an efficacious remedy 
 in some cutaneous affections, such as 
 tetter, psora , porrigo favosa, etc. 
 
 Ful'ler’s Earth. A variety of clay, 
 containing about twenty-five per cent, 
 of alumina, and so named from its being 
 used by fullers to remove the grease 
 from cloth before the soap is applied. 
 
 Ful'mi-nate. [Ful’minas, a'tfs.] 
 A combination of fulminic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Ful'mi-nat-ing Gold. [Au'riim 
 Fiilininaiis.] The aurate of ammo- 
 nia, or ammoniuret of the peroxide of 
 gold. It is produced by precipitating a 
 solution of gold by ammonia. 
 
 Ful minating Mer'cu>ry. A pow- 
 der obtained by treating the nitrate of 
 mercury with alcohol. It is employed 
 in the manufacture of percussion-caps. 
 
 Fulminating Sil'ver. [Argon 
 turn Ful'minans.] An argentate of 
 ammonia, prepared by leaving oxide of 
 silver for ten or twelve hours in contact 
 with a strong solution of ammonia. It 
 is in the form of a black powder which 
 is extremely explosive. 
 
 Ful-ml-na'tion. [Fulmina'tio, 
 o' nis ; from ful' men, “thunder,” ful'- 
 mino, fulm ina' turn, to “thunder.”] A 
 quick explosion, with noise; as of ful- 
 minating powder, or the combustion of in- 
 flammable gas with oxygen : detonation. 
 
 Ful-niin'ic. [Fulmin'icus.] Ap- 
 plied to an acid obtained from tho fulmi- 
 nate of silver. 
 
 212 
 
 Fu-ma'rl-a Of-fi$-i-na'lis.* Fumi- 
 tory. (Fr. Fumeterre, fum'tSn'.) A plant 
 common in Europe, and cultivated in 
 the United States. An infusion of the 
 dried leaves has been recommended in 
 leprous affections. 
 
 Fumariaceav* fu-ma-re-a'she-e. 
 [From Fuma'ria, one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found in many or all temperate 
 climates. It includes the Cory d' alis and 
 some others which are cultivated for 
 their beauty. 
 
 Fu-mi-ga'tion. [Fumiga'tio, 
 
 o' nis ; from fu'migo,fumiga' turn, to “per- 
 fume a place.”] The employment of 
 certain fumes for the purpose of counter- 
 acting contagious effluvia. 
 
 Func'tion. [Func'tio, o' nis ; from 
 fun'gor, func'tus, to “fulfil an office.”] 
 (Fr. Fonetion, f6Nk'se-6N°\) A power, 
 or faculty, by the exercise of which the 
 vital phenomena arc produced. 
 
 Func'tion-al I>is-ease'. A disease 
 in which the function or secretion of an 
 organ is vitiated, but its structure is but 
 little if at all changed. 
 
 Functions, Vi'tal. Functions imme- 
 diately necessary to life ; viz., those of 
 the brain, the heart, the lungs, etc. ; 
 whence these have been called the tripod 
 of life. 
 
 Fimd'a-ment. [Fimdamen'tnm ; 
 
 from fun'dus, the “bottom of a thing.”] 
 The anus. 
 
 Fun'gate. [Fun' gas, a'tis.] A com- 
 bination of Tungic acid with a base. 
 
 Fun'gi,* the plural of Fun gus, a 
 “mushroom.” A large natural order of 
 cryptogamous plants, of a very low or- 
 ganization. They grow on dead and 
 decaying organic bodies, and infest living 
 plants. They are of great importance 
 to man, either for their useful or mis- 
 chievous qualities. 
 
 Blight, mildew, and rust are caused 
 by the ravages of microscopic fungi. 
 The common mushroom and truffle are 
 used as food. Many other fungi are 
 dangerous poisons. The fungus called 
 ergot is a valuable medicine for its spe- 
 cific action on the uterus. See Primalia. 
 
 Fun-gic'o-lus.* [From fun'gus , 
 a “mushroom,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] 
 Living on or in mushrooms. Applied in 
 the plural neuter ( Fnngic'ola ) to a family 
 of coleopterous insects. 
 
 Fiiii'gi-rorni. [Fungi tor 'in is ; 
 from fun'gus , a “ mushroom.”] Resem- 
 bling a mushroom. 
 
 Fun'giBi. [Fuugi'na; from fun'gus , 
 
FUN 
 
 FUS 
 
 a “mushroom.”] The residual fleshy 
 substance of fungi, after being subjected 
 to the action of alcohol and water. 
 
 Fun'goid. [Fungoi'tles; from fun'- 
 gus , a “mushroom,” and eliog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a mushroom, or the disease 
 termed fungus. 
 
 Fungous. [Fungo'sus; from/«w f - 
 gns, a “ mushroom.”] (Fr. Fongueujc.) 
 Having fungi, or the disease termed fun- 
 gus ; resembling fungus. 
 
 Fuil'gUS. !; [Gr. anoyyog, or c(J)6yyog ; 
 Fr. Fongus, f^No'guss'.] One of a natu- 
 ral order of plants. (Sec Fungi.) Also, a 
 redundant growth of flesh on an ulcer; 
 proud flesh ; any large, soft, spongy ex- 
 crescence arising from diseased structure. 
 
 Fungus Ferefori. See Hernia Cere- 
 bri, and Encefhalocele. 
 
 Fun gus iaaem-a-to'<tes.* [From 
 aifxarujSrjg, “bloody.”] “Bleeding Fun- 
 gus;” otherwise called Soft Cancer, Me- 
 dullary Sarcoma, Spongoid Inflamma- 
 tion, etc. It is a cancerous affection of 
 a very malignant character, spreading 
 rapidly, and almost invariably fatal. 
 
 Fu-nic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of fu'~ 
 nis , a “rope.”] A botanical term ap- 
 plied to the small filament, or podo- 
 sperm, connecting the imperfect seed to 
 the receptacle. Also, the navel-string. 
 
 Fu'nis.* [From a\oTvog, a “rope 
 plaited from the bulrush”?] Literally, 
 a “rope.” Generally applied to the Funis 
 umbilicalis, or navel-string.. 
 
 Fu'nis Fna-toil-i-ca'fiis.* (Fr. Cor- 
 don ombilicale, koR'dbN 0 ' 6:vi'b£'l£'kal'.) 
 The umbilical cord; the means of com- 
 munication between the foetus and the 
 placenta. Its length is almost two feet. 
 It consists of the umbilical arteries and 
 vein, with the enveloping membranes, 
 Me. 
 
 Funnel-Shaped. See Infundibuli- 
 
 FORMIS. 
 
 Fur'cate. [Furca'tus; from fur'ea, 
 a “fork.”] Divided into two parts; 
 forked : dichotomous. 
 
 Furcula. See Fourciiette. 
 
 Fur fur, ur<>.* [From far, “corn.”] 
 Bran, the husk or skin of wheat. The 
 diseased condition of the head called 
 dandriff, or scurf, a species of Pityriasis. 
 
 Fur'fur Ta’it'i-ci.* (“Bran of 
 Wheat.”) A material employed to 
 make bread for dyspeptics. 
 
 Fur-frar-a'ceous. [Furfura'ceus : 
 from furfur, “bran,” or “dandriff.”] 
 Resembling bran or dandriff. 
 
 Fur-fur-a'tio* (fiir-fur-a'she-o), 
 o r nis. [From furfur , “dandriff.”] The 
 19 
 
 state of having Pityriasis, or a scaliness 
 of the skin. 
 
 Fur nace. [Fur'nus.] A fireplace 
 employed for pharmaceutical operations. 
 Furnaces are termed evaporatory when 
 employed to reduce substances into vapor 
 by heat; reverberatory, when so con- 
 structed as to prevent the flame from 
 rising ; forge furnaces, when the current 
 of air is determined by bellows. 
 
 Furoncle, or Froncle. See Furun- 
 CULUS. 
 
 Fu ror F-te-ri'nus.* Another term 
 
 for Nymphomania, or Hysteromania. 
 
 Furrowed. See Sulcated. 
 
 Fu-run'cu-lus.* (Fr. Furoncle, fii'- 
 r6xkl'.) A boil, or inflammatory tumor; 
 a blain. 
 
 Fu'sel ©il. [Al'eohol Amyl'i- 
 cum.] An oily, poisonous liquid, of a 
 highly disagreeable smell and nauseous 
 taste, produced in the manufacture of 
 potato spirit, and of ardent spirit ob- 
 tained from the various kinds of grain. 
 It is valuable in Pharmacy as the artifi- 
 cial source of valerianic acid. 
 
 Fu'si.* The plural of Fusus, which 
 sec. 
 
 Fu-si-bil'I-ty. [Fusifoil'itas, aft’*.] 
 
 The capability of being fused. 
 
 Fu'si-tole. [Fu'silis; from fun' do, 
 fid sum , to “pour,” to “melt.”] Capable 
 of being made fluid by the application 
 of heat. 
 
 Fu'si-fibrm. [Fusifor'mis ; from 
 fu'sus, a “spindle.”] Resembling a 
 spindle; tapering. 
 
 Fu'sion. [Fu'si®, o 'ms/ from fun 1 do, 
 fu'sum, to “ pour,” to “ melt.”] The act of 
 melting, or state of being melted, by heat. 
 
 Fu'sion, A que-ous. The liquefac- 
 tion of salts which contain water of crys- 
 tallization, on exposure to increased tem- 
 perature. 
 
 Fu'sion, IDry. The liquefaction pro- 
 duced by heat after the water has been 
 expelled. 
 
 Fu'sion, Ig-'ne-ous. The melting of 
 anhydrous salts by heat without under- 
 going any decomposition. 
 
 Fus'tic. A yellow dye-wood, consist- 
 ing of two kinds : Old fustic, the product 
 of the Morns Tinctoria, or Dyer’s Mul- 
 berry, an American tree; and Young fus- 
 tic, the Rhus Cotinus, or Venice Sumach, a 
 shrub growing in Italy and the south of 
 Europe. 
 
 Fu'sus,* plural Fu'si. Literally, a 
 “spindle.” Applied in the plural to the 
 papillse through which, in the Arachnides, 
 the delicate threads pass. 
 
 213 
 
GAD 
 
 GAL 
 
 G. 
 
 G, or r, denoted, among Greek phy- 
 sicians, Uncia, or an ounce. 
 
 GacTo-liai-ite. The name of a mine- 
 ral, so called from the Swedish chemist 
 Gadolin, who discovered it in the earth 
 called yttria. 
 
 Ga<l'u-in. [Gacltii'raa ; from GV- 
 das mor'rhua , the “ cod-fish.”] A peculiar 
 substance found in cod-liver oil. 
 
 Ga'clus.* A genus of fishes of the 
 order Jugulares. 
 
 Gad us Mor'rSm-a.* The cod-fish, 
 abounding in the northern seas, from 
 the liver of which cod-fish oil is obtained. 
 
 Ga-lac'ta-gogue. [Galacfago'- 
 gus: from ydXa, yaXaxTOg, “milk,” and 
 ayco, to “ lead or bring away.”] Causing 
 the flow of milk. 
 
 Ga-lac'ti-a-.*' [From ya\a, ydXaxrog , 
 “milk.”] A genus in Good’s Nosology, 
 embracing defective, excessive, or morbid 
 secretions of the milk : mislactation. 
 
 Ga-lac'tic. The same as Lactic, 
 which see. 
 
 Ga-lac'tisi. [Galacti'iia ; from ydXa, 
 ydXaxro;, “ milk.”] The coagulating prin- 
 ciple of milk. 
 
 Ga-lac-iir-rtooe'a.** [From ya\a , 
 “milk,” and /5sw, to “flow.”] An ex- 
 cessive flow of milk. 
 
 Ga-lac'to-^ele.* [From ydXa, “milk,” 
 and KfjXr], a “ tumor.”] A tumor or swell- 
 ing containing a milky fluid. 
 
 Gal-ae-toin'e-ter. [Galaclom'e- 
 trum*. from ydXa, “milk,” and phpov, a 
 “ measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring or ascertaining the quality of 
 milk. 
 
 Gal-ac-topli 'a-gous. [Galactopti 
 
 a» us ; from ydXa , “milk,” and <pjytj, to 
 “eat.”] Living on milk. See Lacti- 
 vorous. 
 
 Gal-ac-topli'o-rous. [Galactoph- 
 
 oru.s; from ydXa, “milk,” and </>cpo>, to 
 “bear.”] Milk-bearing; lactiferous. 
 
 Ga-lac-to-poi-ct'ic. [Galactopoi- 
 et'icus; from ydXa, “milk,” and ttoicgj, 
 to “ make.”] Milk-making, or milk-pro- 
 ducing. 
 
 Ga-lac-to-po'sl-a.* [From ydXa, 
 “milk,” and mv u, to “drink.”] Milk 
 diet. 
 
 Gal'ba-num.* The Pharmacopoeinl 
 name || for a resinous substance obtained 
 from an undetermined plant. It is ex- 
 pectorant and antispasmodic, somewhat 
 resembling ammoniac in its action. 
 
 214 
 
 Gal'tm-Iws.* A kind of cone, differ- 
 ing from the strobile only in being 
 round and having the heads of the car- 
 pels much enlarged. The fruit of the 
 juniper is a galbulus. 
 
 Gale, g&l. The French term for 
 “itch.” See Psora. 
 
 Ga'le-a.* Literally, a “helmet.” 
 In Botany, the superior arched lip of 
 ringent and personate corollas. A form 
 of headache extending all over the head. 
 In Surgery, a bandage for the head, 
 somewhat like a helmet. Also, a large 
 vaulted membrane, movable, and cover- 
 ing the jaws of orthopterous and some 
 other insects. 
 
 Ga'le-ate. [Galea'tas; from ga'lea, 
 a “helmet.”] Formed like a helmet; 
 helmeted. 
 
 Ga-le'ga Vir-g-ira-I-a'na.* A plant 
 growing native in the United States, 
 said to be diaphoretic and powerfully 
 anthelmintic. 
 
 Ga-le'na.* [From ydXetv , to “shine” 
 or “glister.”] Lead-glance, the native 
 sulphuret of lead. See Molybdenum. 
 
 Ga-len'ie. [Galen 'ictus.] After the 
 manner of Galen, whose practice of 
 medicine was remarkable for multiply- 
 ing herbs and roots in the same compo- 
 sition. 
 
 Galen’s Ban'clag’e. A term some- 
 times applied to the four-tailed bandage, 
 or single split cloth. 
 
 Galeux, g&’luh'. The French term 
 for Psoric, which see. 
 
 Galiacese,* ga-le-a'she-e, or Stel- 
 latae,* stel-la'te (because the leaves are 
 placed round the stem in the form of a 
 star). A natural order of exogenous 
 herbaceous plants, found in cold and 
 temperate climates. It includes Galium 
 and Rubia tinctoria, which produces 
 madder. 
 
 Gal-I-pe'a Cus-pa'rf-a.* The tree 
 which, according to the London Phar- 
 macopoeia, produces the An zustura bark. 
 
 Galipe'a The tree 
 
 which, .according to the United States 
 and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias, pro- 
 duces Angustura or Cusparia bark. 
 
 Gal l-pot. An earthen pot, painted 
 and glazed, wherein ointments, etc., are 
 kept. Also, a resin obtained from the 
 several species of Finns. 
 
 Gall. The bile, or secretion of the 
 liver. See Bile. 
 
GAL 
 
 GAM 
 
 Gall-Blad'der. [Lat. Vesi'ca Fel'- 
 
 lis; Fr. Vesicule du Fiel, v&'z£'kiil' dii 
 fe-el'.] A membranous reservoir con- 
 taining the bile, situated on the lower 
 surface of the right lobe of the liver. 
 
 Gall-IDiicts. See Cystic Ducts. 
 
 Gall-Nut. See Galla. 
 
 Gall-Kick 'ness. The remittent fever 
 (otherwise called Wal'cBieren Fe'ver) 
 produced by marsh miasmata in the 
 Netherlands ; so named because accom- 
 panied with a vomiting of bile. 
 
 Gall '-Stone. A calculus formed in 
 the gall-bladder. 
 
 Gal'la,* plural Gal'lse. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name || for the nutgall, or 
 galls, found on the branches of the 
 Quercus infcctoria. They are excres- 
 cences caused by the sting of an insect 
 belonging for the most part to the genus 
 Cynips ; though the Chinese gall is said 
 to be produced by an A])his. 
 
 Galls are powerfully astringent. Al- 
 though sometimes prescribed in chronic 
 diarrhoea and similar complaints, they 
 are chiefly used in external applications, 
 such as lotions, gargles, ointments, etc. 
 
 Gal'lae,* the plural of Galla, which 
 see. 
 
 Gal'late. [Gal'las, aVt*.] A com- 
 bination of gallic acid with a base. 
 
 Gallic. [Gal'licus? from GaVlia, 
 "Gaul.”] Belonging to the French. 
 See Gallicus Morbus. 
 
 Gallic. [Gallicus ; from gal' la , a 
 “ gall-nut.”] Belonging to galls. Ap- 
 plied to an acid found in astringent vege- 
 table substances, but very abundantly 
 in the gall-nut. 
 
 Gal-lic'o-lse.* [From gal' la, a "gall,” 
 and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] Literally, “in- 
 habiters of the gall-nut.” A tribe of 
 hymenopterous insects, or Diploleparise, 
 which produce those excrescences on 
 plants called g alls . Latreille compre- 
 hends all the insects of this tribe in one 
 genus, viz. : Cynips. See Galla. 
 
 Galli-cus Mor'biis.* (“French 
 Disease.”) Another name for Syphilis, 
 which see. 
 
 Gal-li-ua'ccous. [Gallma'ceus ; 
 
 from gal'lus , a “ cock,” or galli'na , a 
 “ hen.”] Resembling the domestic hen. 
 See Galling. 
 
 Gallinadse. See Galling. 
 
 Ga3-li'me*(the plural of galli'na , a 
 “hen”), or Galliua'ceous Birds. A 
 family of birds so named from their 
 affinity to the domestic hen. 
 
 Gallmag-iaais Caput. See Caput 
 Gallinaginis. 
 
 G&l-ll-iaa'go, inis.* [Probably from 
 gal'lus, a “cock.”] The Latin name for 
 the wood-cock. 
 
 Gal- van 'ic. [Galvan'icus.] Per- 
 taining to galvanism. 
 
 Galvan'ic Bat'te-ry or Trough. 
 
 An apparatus for accumulating galvan- 
 ism, consisting of plates of zinc and 
 copper alternately fastened together, 
 and cemented into a wooden or earthen- 
 ware trough, so as to form a number of 
 cells ; the trough is then filled with di- 
 luted acid. 
 
 Galvan'ic Mox'a. A term applied 
 by Fabre Palaprat to the employment 
 of voltaic electricity as a therapeutical 
 agent for producing the cauterizing ef- 
 fects of the moxa. 
 
 Gal'van-ism. [Golvanis'mus ; 
 
 from Professor Galvavi, of Bologna, who 
 first observed the manifestations of this 
 fluid or principle.] A form of electricity 
 usually developed or produced by the 
 mutual action of various metals and 
 chemical agents upon each other. The 
 additional discoveries of A r olta led to the 
 term Voltaism, or Voltaic Electricity, 
 and its effect on the muscles of animals 
 newly killed, suggested the term Animal 
 Electricity. 
 
 Gal- van-om'e-ter. [Gal vnnom 
 
 etriini; from galvanism, and pkrpov, a 
 “ measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
 taining the nature and degree of excite- 
 ment produced by galvanic action. 
 
 Gal- van '©-scope. [Galvanos'co- 
 pus; from galvanism, and axoirkw, to 
 “observe.”] An instrument capable of 
 exhibiting electric phenomena. The 
 term has been applied by M. Hall to a 
 frog properly prepared and placed under 
 certain conditions for experiment. 
 
 Gambia*, or Gambaer, gam-beer'. 
 The Malay name of an astringent ex- 
 tract procured from the Nau'clea Gam - 
 bir (or XJnca'ria Gambir). The sub- 
 stance called square catechu, and terra 
 japonica, is the produce of this plant. 
 See Catechu. 
 
 Gamboge. See Gambogia. 
 
 Gam-boge', A-mer'i-can. A secre- 
 tion similar to gamboge, yielded by seve- 
 ral species of Vismia. 
 
 Gam-bo'gi-a.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. and Dub. Ph.) for gamboge, 
 or camboge; the concrete juice of an 
 undetermined tree. Gamboge is a power- 
 ful hydragogue cathartic, and as such is 
 often given in dropsy. It is also recom- 
 mended as a remedy for the tape-worm. 
 In large doses its action is extremely 
 215 
 
GAM 
 
 GAS 
 
 violent, and has sometimes proved fatal. 
 See Cambogia. 
 
 Gam-o-pet'al-ous. [Oamopet'a* 
 
 lus ; from ydpog, marriage/’ or “ union/’ 
 and TTEraXoi , a “petal.”] Having petals 
 joined together by the borders. 
 
 Gam-o-sep'al-ous. [Gamosep'a- 
 lus; from ydpog, “ marriage,” or “ union,” 
 and sep'alum, a “ sepal.”] Having sepals 
 joined together by their borders. 
 
 Gang'li-form. [Gangiifor'mis ; 
 from g any' lion.] Of the nature, like- 
 ness, or appaarance of a ganglion. 
 
 Gan'gli-on. [Lat. Gan'glion; Gr. 
 yayyXioi/, a “ knot.”] An enlargement 
 in the course of a nerve, resembling a 
 knot. Also, a collection of vesicular 
 neurine which serves as a centre of ner- 
 vous power to certain fibres connected 
 with it. Applied in Surgery to an en- 
 cysted tumor occurring on a tendon or 
 aponeurosis, sometimes on the knee, or 
 on the back of the hand or foot. Also, a 
 genus of the order Tumores, class Lo- 
 cales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ganglion Im'par.* A small gan- 
 glion on the coccyx. 
 
 Ganglion of Gasser. See Gasse- 
 rian Ganglion. 
 
 Ganglion of Meckel. See Meckel, 
 Ganglion of. 
 
 Gan-gll-on'ic. [Ganglion 'tens ; 
 
 from g an' g lion.] Pertaining to a ganglion, 
 or to ganglions ; consisting of ganglions. 
 
 Ganglion'ic Sys'tem, or Ganglion'ic 
 Nerv'ous Sys'tem. A name applied to 
 the Trisplanchnic (or Great Sympathetic) 
 nerve, with its system of ganglia, consti- 
 tuting, according to Bichat, the nervous 
 system of organic life. See Organic. 
 
 Gan-gli-on'i-ca.* [From yayyXiov, a 
 “nerve-knot.”] A class of medicinal 
 agents which affect the sensibility or 
 muscular motion of parts supplied by 
 the ganglionic or sympathetic system of 
 nerves. 
 
 Gangraena. See Gangrene. 
 
 Gan-grse'naO'ris.* (“Gangrene of 
 the Mouth.”) A name for Stomacace , 
 Cancrnm Oris, or canker of the mouth. 
 
 Gan'grene. [Lat. Gangrac'na ; 
 Gr. y.iyypaua, from ypatvco, or ypd<o, to 
 “gnaw,” to “consume.”] (Fr. Gangrene , 
 goN°'gRen' or goN°'gR&n'.) The state of 
 incipient mortification. It is sometimes 
 termed hot mortification. See next article. 
 
 Gan'grene, Hot. [Gangrse'iia 
 ( a! iila.] A name applied by some 
 writers to that form of mortification 
 which is preceded or accompanied by 
 inflammation, in other words, to gan- 
 216 
 
 grene proper ; while they term that which 
 is unattended by inflammation cold gan- 
 grene. 
 
 Gan'grene, Hu'mid. [Gangrae'- 
 na Hu'mida.j A term applied to that 
 form of the disease in which the affected 
 part contains more or less of decomposed 
 or other fluids. In dry gangrene ( Gan - 
 grse'na Sic'ca), these fluids are not pre- 
 sent, or only in very small quantity. 
 The latter form, being frequently found 
 to affect old people, has been sometimes 
 called Gangrsena Senilis. 
 
 Gaping. See Pandiculatio. 
 
 Gar'an-clne. [From Garance, gS,'- 
 tonss', the French name of “madder.”] 
 The coloring matter of madder, mixed 
 with the carbonized residue resulting 
 from the action of the oil of vitriol on 
 the woody fibre and other constituents 
 of madder. It is a brownish or puce- 
 colored powder used in dyeing. 
 
 Gar-cin'I-a.* [Named after Dr. 
 Garcin .] A Linnaean genus of the class 
 JDodecandria, natural order Guttiferse. 
 
 Garcisi'ia Cam-bo'gi-a,* or Gar- 
 cin'ia Cam-bo-gi-o2'des.* A plant 
 considered to afford the best gamboge. 
 See Cambogia, and Gambogia. 
 
 Gar 'diner’s Al-l-men'ta-ry Prep- 
 a-ra'tion. A nutritious article, con- 
 sisting of very finely-ground rice meal. 
 
 Garg. = Gargaris'ma.% A “gargle.” 
 
 Gar-ga-ris'ma, a tis,% Gar-ga-ris'- 
 mmm,* Gar-ga-ris'mus. ;:: [From yap- 
 yap'i'oj, to “wash the throat.”] A wash 
 for the throat: a gar'gle. 
 
 Gargle. See Gargarisma. 
 
 Gar'lic. The common English name 
 of the plant Al’lium sati'vum. Its bulb- 
 ous root or roots constitute what are 
 termed, the cloves of garlic. 
 
 Gar'rot. (Fr. a “stick,” a “kind of 
 lever.”) A cylindrical piece of wood, or 
 ivory, for tightening circular bandages. 
 
 Garryacea;,* gar-re-a'she-e. [From 
 Garry a, one of the genera.] A small 
 natural order of exogenous shrubs, found 
 in North America. 
 
 Ga'rum.'* A sauce or pickle made 
 by the Romans, from the yd/ws, a small 
 fish. It resembled the modern anchovy 
 sauce in nature and use. 
 
 Gas, gass. [From the Anglo-Saxon 
 gas*, “ breath,” “wind,” “spirit.”] An 
 aeriform, elastic fluid. 
 
 Gaseous, gaz'e-us. [Gasoo'sus.] 
 Belonging to gas; of the nature of gas. 
 
 Gaseous Pulse. See Pulse. 
 
 Gnsi-forni. [Gasiflbr mis.] liar* 
 ing the form or naturo of gas. 
 
GAS 
 
 GAS 
 
 Gas-om'e-ter. [Ciasorn'etriiin; 
 
 from gas, and gtrpov, a “ measure.”] A 
 measurer of gas. Usually applied, how- 
 ever, to a reservoir for containing gas. 
 
 Gas-se'ri-aiiGaii'g-lI-on. The semi- 
 lunar ganglion. A ganglion of the fifth 
 pair of nerves, first discovered by Gasser. 
 
 Gas'ter (Gr. yaarfip). The Greek 
 name for the stomach. 
 
 Gas-ter-an-£em-phrax'is.* [From 
 yaarfip, the “stomach,” ayyog, a “ vessel,” 
 and cgp^a^ig, an ‘‘obstruction.”] Conges- 
 tion of the blood-vessels of the stomach. 
 
 Gas-ter'ic. The same as Gastric, 
 which see. 
 
 Gasteropoda, or Gasteropods. See 
 
 next article. 
 
 Gas-ter-op'o-dns. % [From yaarfip, 
 the “belly,” or “stomach,” and nov;, a 
 “foot.”] Gasterop'odous. Applied in 
 the plural neuter ( Gasterop'oda ) to a 
 class of Mollusks which crawl by means 
 of a fleshy disk on their belly. The 
 common snail belongs to this class. 
 
 Gas-ter-os'to-imis.* [From yaarfip , 
 the “stomach,” and aroga, a “mouth.”] 
 Gasteros'tomous. Having a mouth in 
 the belly, or stomach. Applied to a 
 species of Tsenia , or tape-worm. 
 
 Gas-trse'mi-a.* [From yaarfip, the 
 “stomach,” and alga, “blood.”] Con- 
 gestion of the veins of the stomach, and, 
 so, nearly synonymous with Gasteran- 
 gemphraxis. 
 
 Gas-tral'gl-a.* [From yaarfip, the 
 “stomach,” and u\yog, “pain.”] Pain in 
 the stomach : gastral'gy. 
 
 Gas-trel-co'sis.* [From yaarfip, the 
 “stomach,” and iX/cow, to “ulcerate.”] 
 Ulceration of the stomach. 
 
 Gas-tren-^epli-a-lo'rcma, a tis.% 
 [From yaarfip, the “stomach,” and en~ 
 cephalo'ma, a “tumor of brain-like sub- 
 stance.”] A brain-like fungus of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gas-treim-$eptE-a-lo'si$.* The for- 
 mation and progress of gastrenccjiha- 
 loma . 
 
 Gas-4rem '-elk y-ta.* [From yaarfip, 
 the “stomach,” and cyxiu, to “pour 
 in.”] A stomach-syringe, or stomach- 
 pump. 
 
 Gas'trie. [Gas'triemis; from yaarfip, 
 the “stomach.”] Belonging to the sto- 
 mach. 
 
 Gas'tric Fe'ver. A name given by 
 some to bilious fever, which was thought 
 to depend on gastric derangement. It 
 is the Meningo-gastric of Pinel. 
 
 Gas'tric Juice. [Sbic'cms Gas'tri- 
 
 cus.] The juice secreted in the stomach, 
 19 * 
 
 by the action of which on the food* 
 digestion is carried on. 
 
 Gas'tri-$i&in. [Gastricis'inus ; 
 
 from yaarfip , the “stomach.”] A term 
 for gastric affections in general; but 
 usually applied to the theory that all 
 diseases are caused by the accumulation 
 of impurities in the stomach and bowels, 
 suggesting their removal by vomiting 
 and purging. 
 
 Gas-tric'o-la.* [From yaarfip, the 
 “stomach,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] 
 Literally, an “inhabitant of the sto- 
 mach.” Applied to those (Estridse (the 
 common bott, for example) the larvrn 
 of which are found in the intestines of 
 various animals. 
 
 Gas-tril'o-qmis.* [From yaarfip, 
 the “stomach,” and lo'quor, to “speak.”] 
 The same as Ventriloquous, which 
 see. 
 
 Gas-tri'tis, idis* [From yaarfip, the 
 “stomach.”] Inflammation of the sto- 
 mach. A genus of the order Ph/egma- 
 sise, class Pyrexia 1 , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Gas'tro-^ele.* [From yaarfip, the 
 “stomach,” and Kf\\ri, a “tumor.”] Her- 
 nia in which a portion of the stomach is 
 protruded : Hernia vevtriculi. 
 
 Gas-t ro-4lioTi-a.* [From yaarfip , 
 the “stomach,” and xoAtf, “bile.”] Bil- 
 ious disease of the stomach. 
 
 Gas-tro-clio-lo'sis.* [From the 
 same.] Gastric bilious fever. 
 
 Gas-troe-ne'mi-iis.* [From yaarfip, 
 the “ stomach,” or “ belly,” and xvfigri, the 
 “leg.”] (Fr. Gastrocneviien, g&s'trok'- 
 nAme-aN G '.) Literally, “belonging to 
 the belly (or calf) of the leg.” The name 
 of a muscle constituting the chief part of 
 the calf of the leg. 
 
 Gas-tro-roli-ca.* [From yaarfip, 
 the “ stomach,” and col'ica, the “belly- 
 ache.”] Severe colic-like pain in the 
 stomach. Sometimes applied to neuralgia 
 of the stomach. 
 
 Gas-tro'des.* [From yaarfip , the 
 “stomach.”] A term used in Compara- 
 tive Anatomy and Botany, and applied to 
 that which has many swellings like the 
 belly, or conjoined with a belly. 
 
 Gas-tro-dyn'i-a.* [From yaarfp , the 
 “stomach,” and ddvvri, “pain.”] Spas- 
 modic pain in the stomach. 
 
 Gas-tro-en-ter-i'tis.* [From yaarfip, 
 the “stomach,” and evrepov, an “intes- 
 tine.”] Inflammation of the gastroin- 
 testinal mucous membrane. 
 
 Gas-tro-ep-i-pS©'ic. [From yaarfip, 
 the “stomach,” and i~irf\oov, the “omen- 
 tum.”] Belonging to the stomach and 
 217 
 
GAS 
 
 GEL 
 
 omentum, as applied to a branch of the 
 hepatic artery, lymphatic glands of the 
 abdomen, etc. 
 
 Gas'troid. [Gastroi'des; from yav- 
 rrjp, the “stomach,” and dlog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling the belly, or stomach. 
 
 Oas-trol'I-thus.^ [From yaorrjp, the 
 “stomach,” and Xidog, a “stone.”] A 
 calculus in the stomach : a gas'trolith. 
 
 Gas-trol'o-gy. [Gastrolo'gia; from 
 yaarfip , the “stomach,” and \6yog, a “dis- 
 course.”] A dissertation on the stomach, 
 its structure, function, etc. Also, the 
 science of the stomach. 
 
 Gastromalacia,* gas-tro-ma-la'- 
 she-a. [From ya'jrfip, the “stomach,” 
 and pa\a<og f “soft.”] Softening of the 
 stomach; a disease occurring in infants, 
 and usually preceded by hydrocephalus, 
 acute exanthematous disease, or some dis- 
 ease of the respiratory organs. 
 
 Gas-tron'o-sos,* or Gas-tron'o- 
 -sus.* [From yacrrfip, the “stomach,” and 
 voaog, a “ disease.”] Disorder of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gas-tro-patli'ic. [Gastropatto'i- 
 cus.] Belonging to gastropathy. 
 
 Gas-trop a-tliy. [Gastropathi'a ; 
 
 from yairrip, the “stomach,” and naOog, 
 “affection,” or “disease.”] Disease of 
 the stomach. 
 
 Gastro-peri-o-dyn'i-a.* [From 
 
 y cutup, the “stomach,” nepiodog, a “pe- 
 riod,” and odvvq, “pain.”] A disease said 
 to be peculiar to India, attended with 
 severe neuralgic pains, returning at in- 
 tervals. So distressing are the paroxysms, 
 that they are supposed to be produced 
 by the terrible weapon of Siva, the deity 
 of destruction. 
 
 Gastropodtis. See Gasteropodus. 
 
 Gas-tror'rlia-&y. [Gastrorrlia'- 
 gia; from yaarrjp, the “stomach,” and 
 prjym'pi, to “break” or “burst,” to “break 
 through.”] Escape of the contents of 
 the stomach through a lesion of its seve- 
 ral coats; also, the oozing of blood from 
 its internal surface. 
 
 Gas-tror'rlia-phy. [Gastror'rlia- 
 phe, orGastrorrha phia; from ycurfip, 
 the “stomach,” or “belly,” and pacprj, a 
 “suture.”] The sewing of wounds which 
 penetrate through the belly. 
 
 Gas-tror-rhoe'a.* [From yaorrjp, the 
 “ stomach,” or “belly,” and pear, to 
 “flow.”] Undue increase of the secre- 
 tion of the mucous glands of the sto- 
 mach; also, a flux from the belly. 
 
 Gas-tros'eo-p^. [Gastroseo'pia ; 
 from yaarrtp, the “belly,” and axoncoj, to “ex- 
 amine.”l Examination of the abdomen. 
 
 218 
 
 Gas-tro'sis.* [From yaarrip , the 
 “stomach.”] A name given by Alibert 
 to a family including all diseases of the 
 stoinacfi. 
 
 Gas-tro-splen'ic O-men'ta. A 
 
 term applied to the laminae of the peri- 
 tonaeum which are comprised between 
 the spleen and the stomach. 
 
 Gas-tros'to-my. [Gastrosto'mia; 
 from yaarrip, the “stomach,” and aropa, 
 an “orifice.”] The operation of form- 
 ing an artificial opening into the sto- 
 mach. 
 
 Gas-tro-tom'ic. [Gastrotom'i- 
 
 cus.] Belonging to gastrotomy. 
 
 Gas-trot o-my. [Gastroto'mia ; 
 
 from yaaTrip, the “stomach,” or “belly,” 
 and ripvio, to “cut.”] The operation of 
 cutting open the abdomen, as in the 
 Caesarean section; also, cutting through 
 the stomach itself. 
 
 Gas- try-pal' gi-a.* [From yaarijp, 
 the “ stomach,” into, “ under,” “ in a slight 
 degree,” and aXyog, “pain.”] Slight or 
 gentle pains in the stomach. 
 
 Gas-try per-pa-thi'a.* [From yaa- 
 rfjp, the “stomach,” vnep, “above,” “ ex- 
 cessive,” and iraQog, “disease.”] Severe 
 affection of the stomach. 
 
 Gas-try-po-pa-thi'a.* [From yaa- 
 rrip, the “stomach,” vno, “under,” and 
 ■naQog, “disease.”] Slight affection of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gateau Febrile, g&'to' fAbr&l'. The 
 French term for Ague Cake, which see. 
 
 Gatti'er-mg. The same as Abscess, 
 and Suppuration. 
 
 Gaul-tlie'rl-a.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of Gaul- 
 the' rici procum'bens. 
 
 Gaul-tBier'ic A^'id. The heavy oil 
 of partridge-berry, or Gaultheria pro- 
 cumbcns, formerly a constituent of the 
 commercial oil of lointeryreen. It com- 
 bines with bases, and forms salts called 
 gaultherates. The light oil of partridge- 
 berry is called yaultherylene. 
 
 Gayacine. See Guaiacin. 
 
 Gaz. See Gas. 
 
 Gaziform. See Gasiform. 
 
 Gazometer. See Gasometer. 
 
 ^re'ine (or A^'id. [From yea, 
 
 “earth,” yrpvog, “earthy.”] A name 
 given by Berzelius to humus, or vegetable 
 mould, the result of the decomposition 
 of vegetable substances. 
 
 Grl-a-i ig'en-oiDs. [From yclat'ina , 
 “gelatine,” and yesvau i, to “produce.”] 
 Yielding gelatine, or forming the gelatin- 
 ous structures of the body. 
 
 ^rer<jk-tine. [Gclat'ina; from ye'lo, 
 
GEL 
 
 GEN 
 
 gela' turn, to “congeal,” to “harden.”] 
 Jelly. A substance obtained from bone, 
 cartilage, sinew, ligament, skin, cellular 
 tissue, and serous membrane, by long- 
 continued boiling in water. The glue 
 and isinglass of commerce are forms of 
 gelatine. 
 
 ^rel'atme Cap's ules. Capsules pre- 
 pared from a concentrated solution of 
 gelatine, and filled with medicines. 
 When swallowed, the capsules dissolve 
 in the gastro-intestinal juices, and the 
 nauseous taste of the medicine is 
 avoided. 
 
 Gelatine, Sugar of. See Glyci- 
 coll. 
 
 ^el-a-tin'i-form. [Gelatinifor'- 
 mis.] Resembling gelatine. 
 
 ^re-lat-I-no'sus.* [From gelat'ina, 
 “gelatine.”] Gelatinous. Like gela- 
 tine, or full of gelatine. Applied in the 
 plural masculine ( Gelatino'si ) to an order 
 of Polypi. 
 
 ^e-iat'I-nous. [Gelatimo'sus.] 
 
 Like gelatine ; composed of gelatine. 
 
 ^relat'inous Tis'sues. Tissues 
 which yield to boiling water a substance 
 which, on cooling, forms a jelly, or may 
 be called gelatine. They are chiefly 
 found in the cellular membrane, the 
 membranes in general, the tendons, 
 ligaments, bones, cartilages, etc. 
 
 Gelatio (je-la'she-o), ©'«?«.* [From 
 ge'lo, gela' turn, to “freeze.”] Literally, 
 a “ freezing.” Sometimes applied to the 
 rigid state of the body in catalepsy. 
 
 Cfctiav. = Gelat'ind qua' vis.* “ In 
 any kind of jelly.” 
 
 <^efl-se'mi-uni.* Yellow jasmine. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name for the root 
 of Gelse'mium sempervi' rens. This plant 
 has been placed in the secondary list of 
 the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 18G0. 
 Gemelli. See Gemellus. 
 ^e-mel-li-flo'rus.* [From gemeV - 
 lus, “ double,” or “ twin,” and jlos , a 
 “flower.”] Having flowers disposed 
 two and two : gemelliflo'rate. 
 
 ^re-mel'lus,* plural ^e-mel'li. [Di- 
 minutive of gem' inns, “double.”] Ap- 
 plied to the Gastrocnemius externus mus- 
 cle, because it has a double origin. 
 Gesnmi. See Geminus. 
 ^eininiflo'rus. :i: See Gemelli- 
 
 FLORUS. 
 
 plural ^em i-ni. “ Dou- 
 ble,” or “ twin.” Applied to certain parts 
 of plants when in pairs. Applied also to 
 the gemelli muscles, and to leaves, etc. 
 
 ^rem'ma.* A bud which contains 
 the rudiments of a plant in a latent state 
 
 till the season favors its evolution. Also, 
 a precious stone : a gem. 
 
 ^em-ina'ceous. [Gemma'ceus; 
 from yem'ma, a “ bud.”] Belonging to 
 buds; having buds. 
 
 ^rem-ina tioii. [Gemma tio, o'nis; 
 from yem'ma, a “ bud.”] The state or 
 process of budding; the arrangement 
 of leaves or petals in a bud. 
 
 <^em-mif 'er-ous. [Gemini f orum ; 
 from yem'ma, a “bud,” or “gem,” and 
 fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Bearing buds, or con- 
 taining gems. 
 
 tyem-mi-fi-ca/tion. [Gemini flea- 
 
 tio, o'nis ; from yem'ma, a “bud,” and 
 fa'cio, to “make.”] The manner in 
 which the bud or gem is developed. 
 Also, synonymous with Ramification. 
 
 Gem-mi-iio rus. : [From yem'ma, a 
 “bud,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Having 
 flowers like buds : gemmiflo'rate. 
 
 ^om-ma-for'mis.* [From yem'ma, 
 a “bud.”] Bud- or gem-like: gem'rni- 
 form. 
 
 Gem-mip'a-rous. [Gemini p'arus; 
 
 from yem'ma, a “bud,” and pario , to 
 “bring forth.”] Applied to the multi- 
 plication of the species by buds, or gem- 
 mules, arising from germs, as exemplified 
 in the vegetable kingdom and in many 
 of the Infusoria. 
 
 ^*eni-mu-la'tioii. [Ocmmula'tlo, 
 
 o'nis; from gem'mula, a “little bud.”] 
 A kind of reproduction consisting in 
 simple growth and development with- 
 out the agency of sexes. See Gemmip- 
 arous. 
 
 ^Jeam'mule. [Gem'nmla; diminu- 
 tive of yem'ma , a “bud.”] The rudiment 
 of the stem, afterwards becoming stem, 
 and branches ; a plumule. 
 
 ^ie'na,* plural ^Se'na?. [From yewq, 
 the “cheek-bone.”] (Fr. Joue, zhoo.) 
 The cheek, or cheeks, forming the late- 
 ral walls of the mouth. They are com- 
 posed chiefly of muscular tissue, lined 
 internally with a mucous membrane. 
 
 Geneives, zhoN«'sev\ The French 
 term for the “gums.” See Gingiva. 
 
 C^en-e-an'tliro-py. [From yeved, 
 “birth,” and ai / dpcmroq , a “man.”] The 
 same as Anthropogeny. 
 
 ^reai'e-ra,* plural of Genus, which see. 
 ^en'er-al Prae-ti'tion-er. A term 
 app’ied to those practitioners in England 
 and Wales who do not profess to advise 
 as pure physicians, or to act as pure sur- 
 geons, but perform in their daily voca- 
 tion the duties of both, with those of the 
 obstetrician in addition. 
 
 ^ren-er-a'tion. [Genera' tio, o'nis ; 
 
 219 
 
GEN 
 
 GEO 
 
 from gen'ero, genera' turn, to “ beget/’] 
 The act of reproducing; reproduction. 
 
 Generation, Fissiparous. See 
 
 Fissiparous Generation. 
 
 Generation, Or gans of. In 
 
 woman, the external are the Mohs veneris , 
 labia, perinseum , clitoris , and nymph se ; 
 the internal, the vagina , uterus , ovaria, 
 and Fallopian tubes ; in man, the penis, 
 testes , vesiculse semin ales, vasa defer entia, 
 and prostate gland. 
 
 t^e-ner'io. [Gener'icias.] Belong- 
 ing to the same genus. 
 
 t^e-ne'si-al. [Genesia'lis ; from 
 
 ykjzmg, “ origin, ” “ generation/’] Be- 
 
 longing to generation. 
 
 ^ren-es'ie-ns.* Belonging to genesis. 
 
 4»en 'e-sis.* [From yha), to “ be 
 
 born.”] Birth, origin, or generation. 
 
 Genet <les Teinturiers. See Ge- 
 nista Tinctoria. 
 
 ^re-net'i-ca.* [See Geneticus.]" The 
 name of a class in Dr. Good’s Nosology, 
 comprising diseases connected with the 
 sexual function. 
 
 ^ren-et'i-cns.* [From yLsaug, “ gene- 
 ration,” or ysvudo), to “ beget.”] Belong- 
 ing to the procreative function : genet'ic. 
 
 ^re-ne' va.* [From Gene'va , where 
 first made.] (Fr. Genievre, zheh-ne-evR' 
 or zh’ne-&VR'.) Gin, distilled from malt 
 or rye, and afterwards subjected to the 
 same process with juniper-berries. A 
 spurious kind, from turpentine and car- 
 damom-seeds, with very few, if any, 
 juniper-berries, is largely consumed in 
 the English metropolis, etc., as British 
 gin. 
 
 ^ren-ie'n-late. [Genicnla'tns ; 
 
 from genic'ulum.] Bent like a little 
 joint, or like the knee. 
 
 ^e-nic'u-Imn.** [Diminutive o f ye' - 
 nu, the “knee.”] A small knot or joint; 
 a little knee. 
 
 tye'ni-o-. [From ykveiov , the “chin.”] 
 A prefix denoting attachment to, or con- 
 nection with, the chin. 
 
 Tinc-to'ra-a.* (“ Dyers" 
 Broom.”) (Fr. Genet des Teinturiers, 
 zh’nd d& taN«'tii're-^'.) A shrub culti- 
 vated in Europe and the United States, 
 and sometimes used in medicine. 
 
 t^en'i-tal. [Genita'Bis ; from gig'~ 
 no, yen' i turn, to “beget.”] Belonging to 
 generation. 
 
 C^en'I-tals. [Geniia'lla. plural 
 neuter of Genitalis; from the same.] 
 The organs or parts contributing to 
 generation in the male or female. See 
 Generation, Organs of. 
 
 tyen'I-to-. [From yenita'lia.] A pre- 
 
 fix denoting connection with the genital 
 organs. 
 
 t^en l-to-Cru'ral. The name of a 
 nerve proceeding from the first lumbar, 
 and dividing into an internal branch, 
 which accompanies the spermatic cord ; 
 and an external, which is distributed 
 into filaments at the crural arch. 
 
 Genneticns. See Geneticus. 
 
 Genoa. See Genu. 
 
 Gentian. See Gentiana Lutea. 
 
 Gentiana,* jen-she-a'na. [From 
 Gen'tius, a king of Illyria.] The Phar- 
 macopoeial name || of the root of Gentiana 
 lutea. Gentian is an excellent bitter 
 tonic, and is particularly adapted to 
 cases of simple debility of the digestive 
 organs. 
 
 Gentia'na €at-es-t>se'i.* Blue gen- 
 tian. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the root of Gentiana Catesbsei. 
 
 Gentia'na JLu'te-a,* Gentia'na 
 Iioi'bra.* The gentian-plant; felwort. 
 
 Gentia'na Ra'dix.* (“ Gentian 
 Boot.”) See Gentiana Lutea. 
 
 Gentianacese,*' jen-she-an-a'she-e. 
 [From Gentia'na , one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found in nearly all parts of the 
 world. Their characteristic property is 
 intense bitterness, which resides in the 
 root, stem, leaf, etc., and renders them 
 tonic, stomachic, and febrifugal. The 
 gentian-root is an example. Some spe- 
 cies are prized for their beauty. 
 
 t^en-ti-an-a'ceons. [Gentiana'- 
 ceus.] Resembling the Gentian plant. 
 See Gentianace^e. 
 
 ^en-ti-a'nse Ln'te- se Ra'dix.* 
 
 (“ Root of Gentiana Lutea/") See Gen- 
 tiana. 
 
 Gentianin, jen'she-a-nin. [Genti- 
 aBni'na.] The bitter principle of the 
 plant Gentiana lutea. 
 
 Gentianius, or Gentianus. See 
 
 Gentianaceous. 
 
 ^e im/ plural t^en'n-a. (Fr. Ge- 
 noa, zheh-noo'.) The knee; the articu- 
 lation of the leg with the thigh. 
 
 ^Jon'n-a,* the plural of tjSe'nu, the 
 “ knee."" 
 
 (•on'da YAl'gw.* [From val'gus, 
 “crooked/" or “bowed."’] (“Bowed or 
 Crooked Knees."") The deformity vul- 
 garly called knock-knees. 
 
 ^le'nns/ gen. ^ten'e-ris.* [From 
 yi'oq, a “family."’] A group or assem- 
 blage of species subordinate to a ciass 
 or order. 
 
 G o-o-oou 'trie. [Geooen'tricus ; 
 
 i from yi), or yea, the “earth,” and Kcsrpucdg, 
 
GEO 
 
 GER 
 
 “centric.”] Having the earth for the 
 centre. Applied to the place in which 
 any heavenly body, as seen from the 
 earth, appears. 
 
 ^»e'o«le. [Geo'tles; from yrj , or yea, the 
 “earth.”] Belonging to earth; earthy. 
 Applied in Mineralogy to a stone contain- 
 ing a cavity usually lined within with 
 crystals, but sometimes containing loose 
 earth or a nodule of stone. The term 
 Geode is also applied to the cavity itself. 
 
 ^le-od'e-sy. [Geodae'sia; from yrj, 
 or yea, the “ earth,” and caiui, to “ divide.”] 
 That science by which the extent and 
 figure of the earth (or of a portion of its 
 surface) are ascertained. 
 
 ^e-of-irae'a.* [Named after Dr. 
 Geoffroy .] A Linnacan genus of the 
 class JJiadelphia , natuial order Legu- 
 minosse , or Fabacese. 
 
 GeofFrae'a In-er'mis.* The syste- 
 matic name of the cabbage-tree. 
 
 <^e-©-£en'i-cns.* Belonging to ge- 
 ogony : geogen'ic. 
 
 Oeogeny. See Geogony. 
 ^re-©g , -ii©s'tic. [Geog’nos'ticus.] 
 Belonging to geognosy. 
 
 ^re-og^no-sy- [Geogno'sia: from 
 yfj, or yea, the “ earth,” and yvdatg, 
 “ knowledge.”] The knowledge or 
 science of the structure of the globe. It 
 may he regarded as essentially the same 
 as Geology, which see. 
 
 ^re-og'o-ny, or ^re-og'e-ny. [Ge- 
 ©ge'nia; from yf ), or yea, the “earth,” 
 and yew, to “be born.”] The doctrine 
 of the formation of the earth. 
 
 ^e-og'ra-phy. [GeograpSiia ; 
 from yrj, or yea, the “earth,” and ypeup o, 
 to “write.”] A description of the known 
 world, its mountains, seas, rivers, parts, 
 limits, situation, and all other remark- 
 able things belonging to it. 
 
 ^re-ol'o-gy. [Gcolo'gia ; from yrj, 
 or yea, the “earth,” and Aoyo>, a “dis- 
 course.”] That branch of science which 
 treats of the structure or formation of 
 the earth, including the rocks, strata, 
 etc., of which it is composed. It is dis- 
 tinguished from Mineralogy by treating 
 of mineral substances in the aggregate, 
 while Mineralogy is chiefly confined to 
 the consideration of particular species. 
 
 ^re-o-met'ric, ^e-o-met'rl-cal. 
 [Geoanet'ricus.] Belonging to ge- 
 ometry. 
 
 ^re-oan'e-try. [Geome'trla; from 
 yrj, or yea, the “earth,” and perpeo), to 
 “measure.”] Originally, the art of 
 measuring the earth, or any distance or 
 dimensions on it. Now applied to the 
 15 
 
 science of quantity and extension, irre- 
 spective of matter. 
 
 <^e-©n'o-my. [Geono'mia; from 
 yrj, or yea, the “earth,” and vopog, a 
 “law.”] That branch of general Physics 
 which treats of the laws regulating I he 
 changes that have taken place, or are 
 now taking place, in the structure of the 
 earth, or in the atmosphere. 
 
 <pe-opli l-lus.* [From yrj, or yea, 
 the “ earth,” and </j<Ara>, to “ love.”] 
 Earth-loving. Applied as a specific name 
 to plarits that grow on the earth, to dis- 
 tinguish them from others of the same 
 genus or order growing on trees, etc. 
 Also applied in the plural neuter ( Ge - 
 oph'ila ) to a division of Gasteropoda that 
 live upon the land. 
 
 «fe©r'gi-a Hark. The bark of the 
 Pinckneya pubens, an American plant, 
 used as a substitute for Cinchona. 
 
 ^Je-ra'nl-ay* plural of tye-rani-iim, 
 forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
 order of plants. See Geraxiace^e. 
 
 Geraniacese,** je-ra-ne-a'she-e, or 
 ^ie-ra'iii-a.* A natural order of exoge- 
 nous plants, including the Geranium. An 
 astringent principle and an aromatic or 
 resinous flavor characterize this order. 
 
 ^to-ra'iii-uni.* Cranesbill. ThePhar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the rhi- 
 zoma of Gera' nium macula' turn. 
 
 ^Je-rat'I-ciis.*' [From ynpa$,“ old age.”] 
 Belonging to old age. Applied (in the 
 plural, Gerat'ici) to an order of diseases. 
 
 ^erm. [Ger'men, Ger minis.] 
 The first principle of any thing that has 
 life, whether animal or vegetable. Ap- 
 plied in Botany to the coreulvm or embryo 
 of a germinating seed, lying between 
 the cotyledons, and constituting the exact 
 point from which the life and organization 
 of the future plant are to spring. 
 
 ^er'man Sil'ver (called by the Chi- 
 nese Packfong:). The white alloy of 
 nickel, formed by fusing together one 
 hundred parts of copper, sixty of zinc, 
 and forty cf nickel. 
 
 Ger'maiii Tim 'tier. (Fr. Amadou , 
 &'ma'doo'.) A substance prepared from 
 the Polyp' orus f omenta' rins and ignia’- 
 rins, by cutting the fungi into slices, 
 beating, and soaking them in a solution 
 of nitre. 
 
 ger'men,* gen. Ger'mil-mis. The 
 
 rudiment of the young fruit and seed of 
 vegetables at the base of the pistil: also 
 the same as Germ, which see. 
 
 Germinal Membrane. See Blas- 
 
 torerm. 
 
 ^er*mi»na ' lion . [Germina'tio, 
 
 221 
 
GER 
 
 GLA 
 
 o' n is ; from ger'mino , germina’tum , to 
 “ bud.”] The act of sprouting. 
 
 Ger-mia a-tlve. [Gerniinati'vus ; 
 
 from the same.] Having power to bud, 
 or develop. 
 
 «^er-o-co'mi-a.* [From yipag, “old 
 age,” and Kopioj, to “care for.”] That 
 department of hygiene which treats of 
 the regimen and medical attention pro- 
 per for old age. 
 
 Girofle. The same as Girofle. 
 
 <£rer-on-tox'oii.* [From yepw, yepov- 
 rog, an “ old man,” and to%ov, a “ bow.”] 
 The same as Arcus Senilis, which see. 
 
 Gesiieraceje,*jes-ner-a'she-e. [From 
 Gesne'ra, one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of exogenous plants (shrubs or 
 herbs), found in India, Europe, etc. 
 
 ^res-ta'tion. [Gesta'tio, o'nis ; from 
 ges’to, gesta'tum , to “ carry often,” to 
 “carry about” (from ge'ro, ges'tum, to 
 “carry”).] The condition of a pregnant 
 female ; pregnancy ; gravidity, or uterine 
 gestation. Also, applied to a species of 
 exercise without bodily exertion ; as 
 swinging, riding in a carriage, or sailing. 
 
 <^e'uin.* A Linnsean genus of the 
 class Icosandria , natural order liosacese. 
 Also, the Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) 
 for the root of Ge' urn riva'le (Water Avens). 
 
 ^re'uin Ur-ba'imm.* The herb 
 avens, or bennet. 
 
 G. G. G. = Gum'mi Gut'tse Gam'bise .* 
 “ Gamboge.” 
 
 Gib-bi-for'mis.* [From gib' bus, a 
 “hump on the back.”] Resembling a 
 hump : gib'biform. 
 
 Gib-bos l-ty. [Gibbos'itas, a 'tis; 
 from gib'bus , “crooked,” or “bossed.”] 
 The state of being irregularly swelled 
 or bunched; crookedness. 
 
 Gibbous. [Gib'bus; from vSog, the 
 “hump on a camel’s back.”] Convex; 
 bunched out. 
 
 Giddiness. See Vertigo. 
 
 <^il-le'ni-a.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of Gille'nia 
 trifolia' ta, and of Gille'nxa stipula' eea. 
 
 Gilliesiacese,* jil-le-se-a'she-e. 
 [From Gillie' sia, one of the genera.] A 
 small natural order of endogenous and 
 bulbous fflants, found in Chili. 
 
 Gil-li-Aow'cr, or Gil'ly-Flow'er. 
 The Dian'thus cavyophyV lus. 
 
 Gills. [From gu'la , the “throat.” 
 Lat. Bran 'cfiije.] The organs of res- 
 piration in fishes. See Branchiae. 
 
 ^imber nut's (jim-ber-nats'; Sp. 
 
 ron. H^m-beR-nftt') Li^'a-ment. The 
 road, thin, triangular insertion of Pou- 
 part’s ligament. 
 
 222 
 
 Gin. See Geneva. 
 
 ^Jin'ger. The root of Zingiber offici- 
 nale. 
 
 t^in-gl'va.* [Derived, according to 
 some, from gig' no, to “beget,” because 
 they seem to produce the teeth.] (Fr. 
 Gencive, zhoN G 's£v'.) The gum ; the 
 highly vascular, fleshy substance cover- 
 ing the alveoli, and necks of the teeth. 
 
 t^in-gi-vi'tis, i die* [From gingi'va, 
 the “gum.”] Inflammation of the gum. 
 
 tyiii gly-moid. [Gingly moi des ; 
 from yiyy\')p6$, a “hinge,” and e'idog, a 
 “ form.”] Resembling a hinge ; hinge- 
 like. 
 
 ^■rin'giy-mus.* [Gr. yiyy\vpog.’] A 
 species of diarthrosis. A hinge-like ar- 
 ticulation, in which the bones move upon 
 each other in two directions only, viz. : 
 forwards and backwards. Examples 
 occur in the elbow, the wrist, the knee, 
 the ankle, the lower jaw, etc. 
 
 ^riii'scng*. [A Chinese word, signi- 
 fying, it is said, the “power of man;” so 
 called because it is supposed to increase 
 virility.] The Chinese name of the root 
 of the Pa’nax quinquefo'lium. See Panax. 
 
 Girofle, zh^'rofl'. A French term for 
 the “clove.” See Eugenia. 
 
 Giz'zard. [Veil trie 'ul us €allo'- 
 sus.] The proper stomach of birds. 
 
 Gla-bel'la.* [Diminutive .of gla’bra, 
 the feminine of gla'ber, “smooth.”] The 
 small space between the eyebrows, and 
 immediately above a line from one to 
 the other; also called Intercilium. 
 
 Gla-bel'lar. [Glabella' ris.] # Be- 
 longing to the glabella. The same as 
 Antinial. 
 
 Glabrous. [Gla'ber; from yXa0u- 
 pog, “fair.”] Without hairs or pubes- 
 cence; smooth. 
 
 Glace, gl&ss. The French term for 
 “ice.” See Glacies. 
 
 Glacial, gla'she-al. [Glacia'lis; 
 from gla'cies, “ ice.”] Pertaining to ice ; 
 like ice; icy. The term is often applied 
 to acids existing in a crystalline form like 
 ice. 
 
 Gla'cial A-cet'ic A$'id. The strong- 
 est acetic acid which can be procured. 
 It exists in a crystallized state under 50° 
 of Fahrenheit, and contains 79 percent, 
 of real acid. See Acetum. 
 
 Gla'cial Phos-phor'ic A$'id. [A<?'- 
 iduni Pliosplior'icuin Glacia'le.] 
 A colorless, glass-like substance, some- 
 times used as a tonic and refrigerant. It 
 has been placed on the primary list of 
 the Materia Medica in the U.S. Pharma- 
 copoeia for 1S60. 
 
GLA 
 
 GLI 
 
 Glacies,* gla'she-ez. [From gelas'co f 
 to “ freeze.”] The Latin term for “ice,” 
 or congealed water. 
 
 [Gla*lia'tus; from 
 gla'dius, a “ sword.”] Sword-like ; ensi- 
 form. 
 
 Oladi-us Pis-to-ri-en'sis. ; (A 
 
 “ Pistorian Sword-Knife.”) A bistoury: 
 so called because the town of Pistori was 
 once famous for their manufacture. See 
 Bistoury. 
 
 Glaire, or Glair. The white of egg. 
 
 Glair'in, or Glair'Inc. [Glairi'na.] 
 
 A peculiar vegetable or animal sub- 
 stance, somewhat resembling dried albu- 
 men (or glaire), produced at the sulphu- 
 reous spring of Aix, in Savoy. 
 
 Glance. A name given to certain 
 minerals which have a metallic or pseudo- 
 metallic lustre, as glance coal, etc. 
 
 Gland. [Gians, Glan'dis ; from 
 glans , an “acorn.”] An organ consist- 
 ing of blood-vessels, absorbents, and 
 nerves, for secreting or separating some 
 particular fluid from the blood. Also, 
 the bulbous extremity of the penis and 
 clitoris, in Botany, applied to a secre- 
 tory vessel. 
 
 Gland, Pain of. See Adenalgia. 
 
 Glanders. See Farcy. 
 
 Gian 'di-form. [Glandifor'mis.] 
 Formed or shaped like a gland. The 
 same as Adeniform, and Adenoid. 
 
 Glan'du-la.* [Diminutive of glans.] 
 A little gland: a glan'dule. 
 
 Glandula Prostata Muliebris. 
 See Corpus Glandulosum. 
 
 Glan'du-Ue Ag-gre-ga'tse,* or 
 Gian 'dulse Gon-g-re-g , a't$e.* (“Ag- 
 gregated or Clustered Glandules.”) See 
 Peyer’s Glands. 
 
 Glan'dulse An-ti-pros-tat'I-^se.* 
 
 The antiprostatic glandules or glands. 
 
 Glandulse Bnmneri. See Brun- 
 ner’s Glands. 
 
 Glandulse Cowperi. See Glandu- 
 le Antiprostatice. 
 
 Glandulse Meibomii. See Meibo- 
 mian Glands. 
 
 Glandulse Myrtiformes. See Ca- 
 
 RUNOULE MYRTIFORMES. 
 
 Glandulse Nabothi, Glandulse 
 Nabotbianse. See Naboth’s Glands. 
 
 Glandulse Gdoriferse. See Tysoni 
 Glandule. 
 
 Glandulse Pacdiionise. See Pac- 
 chionie, Glandule. 
 
 Glandulse Solitarise. See Brun- 
 ner’s Glands. 
 
 Glandulse Tysoni. See Tysoni 
 Glandule. 
 
 Glan'du-lar. [Glandula' reus, 
 
 from glan'dula.] Pertaining to, or like, 
 a gland, in appearance, function, or 
 structure. 
 
 Glan'du-lous. [Glandulo'sus; 
 
 from glan'dula.] Having little eleva- 
 tions like glands. 
 
 Gians. See Gland. 
 
 Gians Cli-tor'I-dis.* A term ap- 
 plied to the extremity of the clitoris. 
 
 Gians Pe'nis.* The nut-like head 
 of the Mem' brum viri'le. 
 
 G laser ian Fissure, or Fissure of 
 Glaserius. See Fissura Glaserii. 
 
 Glass. See Cyathus. 
 
 Glass, Sol'u-ble, is formed by com- 
 bining potash or soda with silicic acid 
 or silica, without any third ingredient. 
 It presents the usual vitreous aspect, but 
 is easily dissolved in water. It is em- 
 ployed as a kind of paint for paper, 
 cloth, wood, etc., to prevent or retard 
 their inflammation on the contact of an 
 ignited body. 
 
 Glau ber’s Sails. [SalGlau 'beris.] 
 
 The sulphate of soda. 
 
 Glau-co'ma, a tis.% [From y\avK6g, 
 “blue green,” also “ light gray.”] Dim- 
 ness or defect of vision from opacity of 
 the vitreous humor. 
 
 Glau-co-mat'l-eus.* Pertaining to 
 glaucoma. 
 
 Glau-eom'a-tous, or Glau-oom'a- 
 tose. [Glaueomato'des, Giaueom- 
 ato'sus; from glauco'ma.] Having 
 glaucoma, or like glaucoma: green. 
 
 Glau-co'sis. ;: Another name for 
 
 Glaucoma, which see. 
 
 Glau'cous. [Glau'cus; from 
 yXa’iKos, a “ blue green,” or “ light gray.”] 
 Light gray. Applied to leaves or fruits 
 covered with a whitish bloom which is 
 easily rubbed off, as the cabbage-leaf or 
 the plum. 
 
 Gleet. [Anglo-Saxon Glidan, to 
 “glide,” to “flow down gently.”] A 
 thin matter issuing out of ulcers, but 
 generally applied to a result of gonor- 
 rhoeal disease. 
 
 Gle'noid. [Glenoi'des ; from yXrivrj, 
 a “cavity,” and udog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a pit or cavity. 
 
 Gleucose. See Glucose. 
 
 Gli'a-diu. [Gliacli'na; from yAia, 
 “glue.”] One of the constituents of 
 vegetable gluten. 
 
 Glis'soo, Cap'sule of. [Cap'sula 
 Glisso'iiii.] A thin, strong sheath of 
 peritonaeum surrounding the vessels of 
 the liver, and entering the transverse 
 fissure, throughout the entire organ. 
 
 223 
 
GLO 
 
 GLO 
 
 Glo'bate. [Globa'tus; from glo'bus, 
 a “ball.”] Shaped like a ball. 
 
 Glo'bose. [Globo'sus; from glo’bus, 
 a “ball.”] Round like a ball; globular. 
 
 Glob'u-lar. [Globula'ris; from 
 glo'bus, a “globe.”] Like a globe. 
 
 Glob'tale. [Glob'ulus; diminutive 
 of glo’bus , a “globe.”] Applied to such 
 particles of matter as are of a globular 
 or spherical figure, like the globules of 
 the blood, or of milk. 
 
 Glob'u-lin, or Glob'u-liue. [Glob- 
 uli'na; from glob’ ulus , a “globule.”] 
 The colorless substance which remains 
 after the red coloring matter has been 
 removed from the globules of the 
 blood. 
 
 Glob'u-Iism. [From glob’ulus , a 
 “little globe,” or “pill.”] A name for 
 
 Homoeopathy. 
 
 Glo'bus Ilys-ter'a-ctis.* (“ Hyster- 
 ical Ball.”) A sensation as if a ball 
 were ascending in the throat, caused by a 
 portion of air arising in the oesophagus , 
 and prevented from escaping by spasm. 
 
 Glo'bus Major.* The head of the 
 epididymis. 
 
 Glo'bus Mi'nor.* The lower en- 
 largement of the epididymis. 
 
 Glo-clild'i-ate, Glo'ctiin-ate. 
 [Glochidia'tus, Glochiaia'tus; from 
 yXfotfg, the “point of a dart.”] A botani- 
 cal term signifying “barbed,” bent back 
 at the point, like the barb of a fish- 
 hook. 
 
 Glom'er-ate. [Glomera'tus; from 
 
 glom'ero, glomera’tum , to “wind on a 
 ball” (from glo’mus , a “clue,” or 
 “ball”).] Crowded together; congre- 
 gated. Applied to glands formed of a 
 clue, as it were, of sanguineous vessels 
 having an excretory duct but no cavity. 
 
 Glom'e-rule. [Glomeru'lus; di- 
 minutive of glo’mus, a “clue of thread.”] 
 A botanical term signifying a small tuft 
 or capitnlum , mostly in the axilla of the 
 peduncle. 
 
 Glos'sa.* [Gr. y\maaa.] The tongue; 
 the chief organ of taste. See Tongue. 
 
 Glos'sa-g’ra.* [From yX'3™-a, the 
 “tongue,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] Vio- 
 lent pain in the tongue; nearly the same 
 as glossulgii. 
 
 Glos-s;\l'gi-a.* [From yXwcra, the 
 “tongue,” and a Xvo;, “pain.”] Pain in 
 the tongue. See Glossagra. 
 
 Glos-sftl'&I-cus.* Belonging to 
 glossulgia: glossal'gic. 
 
 Glos-san'tlirax, &cis.% [From yX'3:r- 
 aa, the “tongue,” and ii'Opat, a “burning 
 coal.”] Carbuncle of the tongue, of 
 224 
 
 rare occurrence in human beings, but 
 not unfrequent in some domestic ani- 
 mals. 
 
 Glos-sep-i-glot'ti-cus.* [From 
 
 y\dkra-a, the “tongue,” and epiglot’tis .] 
 Belonging to the tongue and epiglottis. 
 Applied to a ligament : glossepiglot'tic. 
 
 Glos-sat'i-cus.* Belonging to glos- 
 sitis : glossit'ic. 
 
 Glos-si'tis., idis* [From yXmocra, the 
 “tongue.”] Inflammation of the tongue. 
 
 Glos-so-cat o-ch us.* [ Fro m yXdxjja, 
 the “tongue,” and tcarexco, to “hold 
 down.”] An instrument for depressing 
 the tongue. 
 
 Glos'so-^ele.* [From yXcuao-o, the 
 “tongue,” and xrjXri, a “tumor.”] Ex- 
 trusion, or a hypertrophied condition of 
 the tongue, causing it to be partially 
 projected. 
 
 Glos-soc'o-mtim.* [From yX'oaara, 
 the “tongue,” and kouso), to “guard.”] 
 Formerly, a case for the tongue of a 
 hautboy; but, metaphorically, a kind 
 of long box or case for containing a 
 fractured leg. 
 
 Glos-sog'ra-phy. [Glossogra'- 
 phia; from yX'ooroa, the “tongue,” and 
 ypa<l> c*>, to “ write.”] A description of the 
 tongue. 
 
 Glos-so-hy'al. [Glossohya'Iis; 
 
 from yXcocrcra, the “tongue,” and hyoi’dcs , 
 “hyoid.”] Applied by Geoffroy St. 
 Hilaire to the posterior cornua of the 
 hyoid bone, and by Owen to the Os lin- 
 guale in birds and fishes. 
 
 Glos-so-i'des.* [From y\maaa, the 
 “tongue,” and cidog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling the tongue : glos'soid. 
 
 Glos-sol'o-£y. [Glossolo'gia ; from 
 yXcjTo-a, the “tongue,” and \6yog, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on the powers and 
 functions of the tongue; the science of 
 the tongue. Also used nearly synony- 
 mously with Terminology. 
 
 Glos-sol'y-sis.* [Fr< m y\(oacra, the 
 “tongue,” and \voig, a “solution.”] Pa- 
 ralysis of the tongue. See Glossoplegia. 
 
 Glossouiantia,* glos-so-man'she-a. 
 [From yX'osaa, the “tongue,” and pavTcia, 
 a “divination.”] Prognosis from the 
 state of the tongue. See Glossoscopia. 
 
 Glosso-Pharynsreal. See Glosso- 
 PhARYNGEUB. 
 
 GIos'so-Phj\r-yn-&o'aI Nerves. 
 
 Another name for the eighth pair. 
 
 G los ' so- Ph A r-y 11 -are ' us. * [From 
 y\\)7(ra, the “tongue,” and 0apuy£, tho 
 “pharynx.”] Belonging to the tongue 
 and pharynx. A synonym of the con- 
 strictor superior of the pharynx, from 
 
GLO 
 
 GLY 
 
 its origin in the root of the tongue, and 
 its insertion into the pharynx. 
 
 Glos-so-ple'gl-a.'*' [From yXwovia, 
 the “tongue,” and -nXnyii, a “stroke.”] 
 Paralysis of the tongue: glos'soplegy. 
 
 Glos-sop-to'sis. ;: [From yXwaaa, the 
 “tongue,” and nrcjatg, a “falling.”] A 
 falling or lengthening of the tongue. 
 
 Glos-sor-rlua'gi-a.* [From yXucca, 
 the “tongue,” and priyvvpi , to “burst 
 forth.”] An incomplete term, intended 
 to mean haemorrhage from the tongue. 
 
 Glos-sor-rba'pBii-a.* [From yXdana, 
 the “tongue,” and fiacbrj, a “suture.”] 
 The suture, or sewing up of a wound, of 
 the tongue. 
 
 Glos-sos-co'pl-a.* [From yXCxTcra, the 
 “tongue,” and ckottcoj, to “examine.”] 
 Examination of the tongue, as a princi- 
 pal means of diagnosis: glossos'copy. 
 
 Glos-so-stapti-y-li'mis.** [From 
 yXdiaaa, the “tongue,” and <rra / pv\fj, the 
 “uvula.”] A designation of the constric- 
 tor isthmi faucium , from its origin in the 
 tongue and its insertion into the uvula. 
 
 Glos-sos-te-re'sis.* [From yXwaaa, 
 the “tongue,” and arepeco, to “deprive.”] 
 Excision or extirpation of the tongue. 
 
 Glos-sot'o-my. [Glossoto'mia ; 
 from yXdaaa, the “tongue,” and rcpvu), to 
 “cut.”] Dissection of the tongue. 
 
 Glos-syper-tropM-a.** [From 
 yXwo-o-a, the “ tongue,” and hypertro'phia, 
 “hypertrophy.”] Hypertrophy of the 
 tongue: glossyper'trophy. 
 
 Glot~ti-<lo-spas'iiMis.* [From glot'- 
 tis, and spas'mus, a “spasm.”] Spasm 
 of the glottis. 
 
 Glot'tis, i dis.% [Gr. yXcorrig, the 
 small chink or aperture of a pipe.] The 
 aperture of the larynx. 
 
 Glot-ti'tis.* Inflammation of the 
 glottis. 
 
 Glii-^i'iia,-* or Glu'^me. [From 
 yXvsvg, “sweet.”] One of the primitive 
 earths. 
 
 Glu-^ini-iiEii,* or Glu-£i'num.* 
 
 The metallic base of glucina. 
 
 Glu 'cose. [From yXucvg, “sweet.”] 
 A kind of sugar obtained from grapes; 
 also from starch and sulphuric acid. 
 
 Glue. [Lat. Glu 'ten, or G lu' ti- 
 ll um ; Gr. y\ia, “paste,” or “glue.”] 
 A jelly obtained by boiling the parings 
 of hides and other offal. 
 
 G1 u -co-su ' ri-a.* [From glucose, and 
 e fyoy, “ urine. ”] Applied to the urine in 
 diabetes mellitns. 
 
 Glu-ma'ceous. [Gluma'eeus; 
 
 from glu'ma , a “glume.”] Having 
 glumes ; like a glume. 
 
 20 
 
 Glume. [Glu'ma; from glu’ bo, to 
 “pull off bark.”] The husk of corn; 
 chaff; a species of calyx peculiar to 
 corn and grasses. 
 
 Gltimous. See Glumaceous. 
 
 Glu-tae'us.* [From yXovrog, the “but- 
 tock.”] (Fr. Fessier, fes'se-&'.) The name 
 of three muscles forming the greater part 
 of the fleshy mass beneath the ischia. 
 Thej" are termed the Glut sens maximus, 
 the Glutseus medius, and the Gfutseus mini- 
 mus. Belonging to the buttock : glute'al. 
 
 Glu'teu,* gen. Glu'ti-nis. Glue. 
 Usually applied to vegetable gluten, or 
 the residue after the farina of wheat has 
 been deprived of its starch ; paste. 
 
 Glu'teu, An i-inal. The same as 
 Gelatine, which see. 
 
 Gluten, Vegetable. See Gluten. 
 
 Glu'tin, or Glu'tine. [Gluti'na; 
 from gin’ ten, “glue.”] A distinct form 
 of gelatine obtained from common glue, 
 of which it forms the chief ingredient. 
 
 Glutineux. See Glutinous. 
 
 Glu'tin-ous. [Lat. Glutino'sus; 
 Fr. G/utineux, glu't&'nrh'.] Having the 
 properties of gluten; gluey; adhesive. 
 
 Glutimim. See Glue. 
 
 Glu-ti'tis, idis* [From yXovrog, the 
 “buttock.”] Inflammation of the but- 
 tocks, or of the gluisei muscles. 
 
 Glys'er-id, or Gly^'er-Me. A com- 
 pound of glycerin with a fatty acid. 
 
 Gly$'cr-in, or Gly^'er-ine. [Gly$- 
 eri'na; from yXjicvg, “sweet.”] A yel- 
 lowish, transparent, syrup -like fluid, 
 without smell, and of a sweet taste, 
 obtained from the residue in making 
 litharge plaster, and from the refuse in 
 the manufacture of soap, etc. It is 
 alterative and demulcent. 
 
 Gly^-er-i'na.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for Glycerin, which see. 
 
 Gly^'i-coll. [Glyeicol'la: from 
 yX'Kvg, “sweet,” and soWa, “glue.”] Su- 
 gar of gelatine, obtained by boiling gluten 
 in an excess of caustic alkali. 
 
 Glycocholic. See Taurocholic. 
 
 Glyc'o-gen. [From glu’cose, and 
 yewau), to “produce.”] Literally, “pro- 
 ducing glucose.” A peculiar substance 
 in the tissue of the liver, which may be 
 changed into glucose. 
 
 Gly$yr-rSii'za.* [From yXvxvg, 
 “sweet,” and a “root.”] The Phar- 
 macopoeial name || for the root of Gh/c- 
 yrrhiza glabra; the G/ycyrrhizse Radix 
 of the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharma- 
 copoeias. 
 
 Glycyrrlii'za G la 'bra.- The 
 
 liquorice-plant. 
 
 225 
 
GLY 
 
 GON 
 
 Oly-cyi rM'Zin. [Olycyrrliizi'na.] 
 
 The saccharine juice of the Glycyrrhiza , 
 or liquorice -plant. 
 
 Gly-pliogfra-pSiy. [Glyphogra'- 
 pliia ; from yX»<pfi, a “ carving’' or “ grav- 
 ing,” and ypacjxo, to “ paint.”] A new 
 kind of engraved drawing, by which 
 prints are produced in colors from the 
 printing-press. 
 
 Glysier. See Clyster, and Enema. 
 
 Gna-liJia!'g , i-a* (na-thal'je-a). [From 
 yvfidog, the “jaw,” or “ cheek,” and uXyog, 
 “ pain.”] Pain of the jaw or cheek. 
 
 Gna-ithit l-cus.* Belonging to 
 gnathitis. 
 
 Gna-ihitis, idis.* [From yvdQog, the 
 “jaw,” or “cheek.”] Internal inflam- 
 mation of the cheek or maxilla. 
 
 Giiath-o-neu-ral'gi-a.* [From yvd- 
 Qog, the “jaw,” or “cheek,” vevpoi >, a 
 “ nerve,” and a\yog , “ pain.”] Pain of a 
 nerve of the cheek, or maxilla ; maxil- 
 lary neuralgia. 
 
 Guath-o-plastic. [Gnattioplas'- 
 ticais.] Belonging to gnathoplasty. 
 
 Gnath'o-plas-ty. [Gnatlioplas'- 
 
 tia; from yvdQog, the “jaw,” or “cheek,” 
 and TrXdcTju), to “ form.”] Operation for 
 repairing any deficiency of the cheek by 
 appropriating a sufficient portion of the 
 sound parts contiguous. 
 
 Gnetaceae,* ne-ta'she-e. A natural 
 order of plants (Gymnogens), found in 
 the temperate parts of Europe, Asia, and 
 South America. It includes Gne'tum, 
 and one other genus. 
 
 Goad'by’sSo-lu'tion. A preparation 
 for preserving animal substances, made 
 with bay-salt, corrosive sublimate or 
 arsenious acid, and water. 
 
 God frey’s Cor'di-al. A quack me- 
 dicine, composed of an infusion of sas- 
 safras, coriander, caraway, and anise- 
 seeds, treacle, and laudanum. 
 
 Goitre. (French, probably derived 
 from guttur, the “throat.”) A Swiss term 
 for Bronchocele, which see. 
 
 Gold. [Lat. Au' rum; Fr. Or, or.] A 
 yellow metal, of great malleability and 
 ductility. It is found generally native, 
 either massive, or disseminated in threads 
 through a rock, or in grains among the 
 sands of rivers. Gold is remarkable for 
 resisting, under all circumstances, the 
 action of the air and of the ordinary 
 acids. It is, however, dissolved by chlo- 
 rine and by nitro-muriatic acid, forming a 
 chloride of gold. The specific gravity of 
 gold is 19.3, it being, next to platinum, 
 the heaviest of all metals. 
 
 Gold-Leaf E-lec-troin'e-ter. An 
 226 
 
 instrument for detecting the presence of 
 electricity by the divergence of two slips 
 of gold-leaf. 
 
 Gomrne, gomm. The French term 
 for Gum, which see. 
 
 Gom-pfiio'sis.* [From yopcpoco, to 
 “ drive in a nail.”] A variety of Synar- 
 throsis, in which one bone is fixed in 
 another like a nail in wood, as the teeth 
 in their sockets. 
 
 Gon-a-ca*a ti-a.* [From yovfi , “se- 
 men,” and aKparrjg , “impotent,” or “in- 
 continent.”] Gonorrhoea, in its proper 
 signification, being the same as Sperma- 
 torrhoea, arising from debility induced 
 by excess. 
 
 Gon'a-gra.* [From yow, the “knee,” 
 and aypa , a “seizure.”] Gout in the 
 knee, or knee-joint. 
 
 Gon-ar-tfiiri'tis, i dis* [From yow, 
 the “knee,” and dpQpov, a “joint.”] Inflam- 
 mation of the knee-joint; also, of the 
 knee. 
 
 Gon-ar- throe 'a-ce.* [From yow, 
 the “knee,” dpQpov , a “joint,” and 
 Kata 7, “evil,” or “ disease.”] A cancer- 
 ous or ulcerated condition of the knee- 
 joint. 
 
 Gon-e-sys'tis.* [From yovfi, “se- 
 men,” and Kvong, a “bladder.”] Applied 
 in the plural (Gonecy s' tides) to the semi- 
 nal vesicles. 
 
 Gon-e-poi-e'sis.* [From yovfi, “ se- 
 men,” and ttoicio, to “ make.”] The se- 
 cretion of the semen. 
 
 Gon-e-poi-et'ic. [Gonepoiet'i- 
 cus.] Belonging to gonepoiesis. 
 
 GonflcmeEit, gbxfl'moNo'. The French 
 term for “swelling.” See Tumefaction. 
 
 Gong; Met al. An alloy of eighty 
 parts of copper and twenty of tin. 
 
 Gon'gyle. [Lat. Gon'gylus ; Gr. 
 yoyyvXog, “round.”] A round, hard body 
 prolonged from the wood into the bark 
 of the plant, and detached by the pro- 
 gress of age. 
 
 Gon'g^y-lus.* [Gr. yoyyvXog, “round.”] 
 Round ; globular : gon'gylous. 
 
 Go-ni-oin'e-ter. [Gouioin'etmin ; 
 
 from yoivia, an “ angle,” and perpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for meas- 
 uring the angles of crystals. 
 
 Go-noc'a-ce.* [From y6vv , the 
 “ knee,” and Kauri, an “ evil.”] White 
 swelling of the knee. 
 
 Gon'o-$ele.* [From yovfi, “semen,” 
 and KfiXri, a “ tumor.”] Effusion of se- 
 men out of the ruptured seminal vesicles, 
 into the cellular texture; also, a swelling 
 of the testicle and spermatic cord, from 
 supposed retention of the semen. 
 
GON 
 
 GOU 
 
 Co noid. [Gonoi'des; from yovrj, 
 lt semen, ” and eiSog , a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling the semen. 
 
 Gon'o-phore. [Gonoph'orus; 
 
 from yovos, “ seed,” “ offspring,” and <pepio, 
 to “ bear.”] In Botany, a prolongation 
 of the receptacle which proceeds from 
 the bottom of the calyx, and sustains 
 the stamens and pistil. 
 
 Oon-o-phy-se'ma, a tis.* [From 
 ydw, the ‘‘ knee,” and an “ infla- 
 
 tion.”] The same as Gonocace, Gonyo- 
 cele, Gonyoncus, which see. 
 
 Gonopoesis. See Gonepoiesis. 
 
 Gonor - rBio - blepli ' ar - rhee ' a.* 
 [From yovofpoa, a “flow of semen,” 
 apov, the “ eyelid,” and />rco, to “flow.”] 
 Gonorrhoeal inflammation, and discharge 
 of purulent matter from the eye and eye- 
 lids. See Ophthalmia. 
 
 Gonorrhoea,* gon-or-re'a. [From 
 yo;fi, “ semen,” and peco, to “flow.”] In- 
 voluntary discharge of semen without 
 copulation. The same as Spermator- 
 rhoea. Applied, however (erroneously, 
 if we regard the etymology), to a dis- 
 charge of purulent infectious matter from 
 the urethra of males, the vagina, labia, 
 nymphrn, clitoris, frequently the mouth 
 and neck of the uterus, and sometimes 
 the urethra, of females. A genus of the 
 order Apocenoses, class Locales , of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. 
 
 GonorrBioe'a Bal'a-ni.* [From 
 bal'anus, the “ glans penis.”] A puru- 
 lent discharge from the surface of the 
 entire glans penis, which is then in a 
 highly inflamed and raw state. 
 
 Gonorrhoea Bormientiimm. See 
 Spermatorrhea Dormientium. 
 
 Gom-or-rhoe'al. [Gonorrho'icus.] 
 Belonging to gonorrhoea. 
 
 Goaa'or-rbo-prosta-ti'tis, Id is* 
 Inflammation of the prostate gland pro- 
 duced by gonorrhoea. 
 
 Go-nos'cbe-o-^ele.* [From yovrj, 
 “semen,” o<j\£ov , the “scrotum,” and KriXn, 
 a “tumor.”] Swelling of the testicle, or 
 epididymis, from accumulation of the 
 semen : spermatocele. 
 
 Gon-os-per'mous. [Gonosper'- 
 mms; from ycovia, an “angle,” and 
 vTrcppa, a “ seed.”] Having angular seeds. 
 
 Gon-os-tro'ma, a ft®.* [From yovo ;, 
 “ offspring,” and orpeopa, a “ stratum,” or 
 u bed.”] A gon'ostrome. The germinal 
 layer or bed in the ovule of Mammalia ; 
 the Stratum proligerum of Baer. 
 
 Go ny41'gi-a. ii: [From yovv, the 
 
 “knee,” and aXyog, “pain.”] Pain in 
 the knee. 
 
 Go'n^-o-cam'psis.* [From y6iv, the 
 “knee,” and Kap\pn, a “curvature.”] 
 Curvature of the knees. 
 
 Go'ny-o-sele.* [From yovv, the 
 “knee,” and a “tumor.”] White 
 
 swelling, or what has been called hernia 
 of the knee. 
 
 Go'ny-on'cus.* [From y6w, the 
 “knee,” and oyKog, a “tumor.”] Swelling, 
 or tumor, of the knee. See Gonyocele. 
 
 Gon-y-ty'le.* [From yovv, the 
 “knee,” and rv\ri, a “callus.”] Callus, 
 or a hard thick skin, of the knee. 
 
 Goodeniaceae,* goo-de-ne-a'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous plants, 
 mostly herbaceous, found in Australia. 
 
 Goosc-Slkio. See Cutis Anserina. 
 
 Gor'di-us,* called also Se'ta I'-qui'- 
 na,* or “horse-hair.” The horse-hair 
 worm of the old writers. It is supposed 
 to occasion Intestinal disease, occurring 
 among the peasantry of Lapland from 
 drinking water containing this worm; 
 and Cuticular disease when it is lodged 
 under the skin, constituting the morbus 
 pilaris of Horst, and the malis d crinoni- 
 bus of Sauvages. 
 
 Gordius Medinensis. See Guinea- 
 Worm. 
 
 Gor'g’et. An instrument for the 
 operation of lithotomy, formed like a 
 knife, with a beak which fits the groove 
 in the staff. 
 
 Gos-syp'i-i Radix.* (“Root of 
 Gossypium.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the root of the Gossypium 
 herbaceum and other species of Gossypium. 
 
 Gos-syp'l-um. ;i: [Gossip ion.] A 
 Linnsean genus of cotton-producing 
 plants, class Monadelphia , natural order 
 Mahacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for cotton, a filamentous 
 substance separated from the seed of 
 Gossypium herbaceum, and of other species 
 of Gossypium. 
 
 Gossyp'ium Herba'ceum* (her- 
 ba'she-um). The systematic name of 
 the cotton-plant. 
 
 Goulard’s (goo'lardz') Ce'rate. The 
 
 Ceratum plumbi subaeetatis. It received its 
 name from Goulard (Fr. pron. goo'laR'), 
 a Frenchman, by whom it was intro- 
 duced to the notice of the public. Its 
 refrigerant properties often nnder it a 
 most useful and grateful application to 
 blistered surfaces indisposed to heal ; 
 also, to burns, excoriations, and cutaneous 
 eruptions, especially if attended with 
 much heat or irritation of the surface. 
 
 Goulard’s' Ex'traet. The Liquof 
 plumbi subaeetatis. 
 
 227 
 
GOU 
 
 GRA 
 
 Gourd. [Cucur'bita.] The fruit of 
 
 the (Jucurbita pepo ; also, the plant itself. 
 
 Gourd, Bit'ter. The Cucumis colo- 
 cynthis, plant and fruit. 
 
 Gout. [From the Latin gut'ta; Fr. 
 Goutte, goott, a “drop;” so named from 
 the idea that the disease was produced 
 by a morbid fluid gradually distilling 
 into the part.] Arthri’tis, characterized 
 by pain in the joints, chiefly of the great 
 toe, or of the feet and hands; also termed 
 Podagra, which see. 
 
 Gout -Stone. The Cal’ cuius arthrit’- 
 icus, or podag'ricus. A stony concretion 
 deposited in the affected part in gout. 
 
 Goutte. See Gout. 
 
 Gr. == Gra'num ,* or Gra'na.^ A 
 “ grain.” or “grains.” 
 
 Graa'fi-an Fol'ls-clos [Follie'uli 
 Graafia'ni], or Graa fian Ves'i-cles 
 [Vesic'ulse Graafia'iue]. Applied to 
 small spherical bodies found in the stroma 
 of the ovary. They consist of two coats 
 or layers. The interior, immediately en- 
 closing the ovum, is termed the ovisac. 
 
 Grac'i-lis.* (“Slender.”) Applied to 
 a slender muscle of the thigh, and to a pro- 
 cess of the malleus, an ossicle of the ear. 
 
 Grad'u-at-ed Coin 'press. A com- 
 press formed of a^number of circular 
 pieces of cotton cloth, progressively de- 
 creasing in size, the whole forming a 
 sort of pyramid, the apex of which can 
 be applied on the precise point wished, 
 in cases of wounded arteries, etc. 
 
 Grain. [Lat. Gra'num; Fr. Graine , 
 gRen or gR&n.] Literally, “a grain or 
 seed of wheat, barley,” etc. In Phar- 
 macy, the twentieth part of a scruple, 
 or sixtieth of a drachm. 
 
 Graines d'Avignon. See French 
 Berries. 
 
 Grains of Paradise. See Amomuit 
 Guana Paradisi. 
 
 Graisse, guess or gR&ss. The French 
 term for “fat.” See Adeps. 
 
 Gral'lse,* gen. Gral-la'runi, used 
 only in the plural. (Literally, “ stilts.”) 
 Another terra for Grallatores. 
 
 Gral-la-to'res.* [The plural of 
 g valla' tor, “one who goes on stilts.”] 
 The name of an order of waders, or 
 wading birds, h iving long legs and bills, 
 by which they wade and catch their 
 prey in the water. Also termed Grallse, 
 Grallatorifc , Grail idse. 
 
 Gral-la-to'rl-us.* [From gral'lse , 
 “ stilts.”] Belonging to stilts or crutches. 
 Sometimes applied in the plural feminine 
 {G rail ato' rise) to an order of birds. See 
 Grallatores. 
 
 228 
 
 Gra'men Ca-ni'num.* The Triti- 
 
 cum repens, couch-grass, or dog’s-grass. 
 
 Gram'i-na, 5 the plural of gra'men , 
 “grass,” forming the Jussieuan name 
 of a natural order of plants. See Gram- 
 INACEA3. 
 
 Graminaceae,^ gram-i-na'she-e. 
 [From gra'men, “grass.”] An important 
 natural order of endogenous plants, 
 very widely distributed. It includes the 
 grasses, wheat, maize, and various other 
 kinds of cultivated cereals, the sugar- 
 cane, and the bamboo. Their habits are 
 gregarious or social. Some tropical spe- 
 cies assume the form of trees, and attain 
 the height of fifty feet. Sugar is a gene- 
 ral product of this order, and silex is 
 found in the cuticle of many species. 
 
 Gram-I-na'ceous. Gra-min'e-ous. 
 [Gramina'ceus, G rantin' eus; from 
 gra'men, “grass.”] Belonging to grass; 
 grass-like. 
 
 Gram-I-nic'o-lus.* [From gra'men , 
 “ grass,” and co'/o, to “ inhabit.”] Grow- 
 ing among grass; as, Agaricus grami- 
 nicola, etc. 
 
 Gram-I-ni-fo'li-ous. [Gramini- 
 
 fo'lius; from gra'men, “grass,” and./o'- 
 lium, a “leaf.”] Having leaves like 
 those of grass. 
 
 Gram 1-ni-form. [Graminifor'- 
 
 mis: from gra'men, “ grass.”] Resem- 
 bling grass. 
 
 Gram-i-niv'o-rous. [G rain ini v'» 
 
 ortts; from gra'men, “grass,” and vo'ro, 
 to “devour.”] Feeding upon grass. 
 
 Gram-l-nolo-gy. [Graminolo'- 
 gia: from gra'men . “ grass,” and Aoyo;, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on the grasses; 
 the science of grasses. 
 
 ‘Gramina, a tis* [From ypagpct, a 
 “letter,” a “note” or “point” in music; 
 and, hence, a scruple, the smallest of Ro- 
 man weights.] A scruple ; the twenty- 
 fourth part of an ounce. See Scrupulus. 
 
 Gram me. 5 [From ypa^d. a “letter,” 
 or “line.”] Another name for the iris, 
 because it has the appearance of minute 
 lines drawn upon it. See Iris. 
 
 Gramme, gram. A French weight, 
 equal to 15.434 grains troy. 
 
 Gra'na, the plural of Granum, which 
 see. 
 
 Grana Paradisi. See Amomum 
 
 Gran a Paradisi. 
 
 Gra'na Se-ca'lis I>e-gen-er-a'ti.* 
 
 (“ Seeds of Degenerate [or Diseased] 
 Rye.”) See Ergot. 
 
 Gra'na Tig'li-i.* The seeds of the 
 
 Croton tig Hum. 
 
 Granadia. Sec next article. 
 
GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 Gran'a-riin, or Gran'a-dinc. 
 [Grana'dia.] A white, crystalline, vola- 
 tile, and exceedingly sweet substance, 
 neither alkaline nor acid, obtained from 
 the root of the pomegranate, Pu'nica 
 gratia' turn ; and now decided to be man- 
 nite. 
 
 Gra-na'ti Fruc'tus Cor'tex.* 
 
 (“Rind of the Pomegranate Fruit.”) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the rind of the fruit of the Pu'nica gra- 
 na'tnm. 
 
 Grana'ti Ra-df'cis Cor'tex.* 
 
 (“Bark of Pomegranate Root.”) The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 bark of the root of the Pu'nica grana' turn. 
 
 Gran-dl-den-ta'tus.* [From gran'- 
 dis, “ large,” and dens, a “ tooth.”] 
 Having large teeth, or indentations : 
 grandiden'tate. 
 
 Gran-di-tflo'rus.* [From gran'dis, 
 “large,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Having 
 large flowers : grandiflo'rate. 
 
 Gran-di-fo'li-us.* [From gran’dis, 
 “large,” and f o’ Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
 large leaves : grandifo'liate. 
 
 Gran'di-nes,* the plural of gran’ do, 
 a “ hailstone.” A term applied by W csser 
 to tubercles as they become enlarged. 
 
 Graii-di-no'sus.* [From gran'do, 
 gran' din us, “hail.”] Literally, “full of 
 hail;” also, “resembling a hailstone.” 
 Applied to the Os cuboides, from its 
 irregular form. 
 
 Gran 'do,* gen. Graii'dX-nis. (“Hail, 
 or Hailstone.”) A small, hard tumor on 
 the eyelid, supposed to resemble a hail- 
 stone. See Chalaza. 
 
 Gra-mif 'er-ous. [Gran'ifer : from 
 gra'num, a, “grain,” and fe'ro, to “bear.*] 
 Bearing or producing grain. 
 
 Grau'ite. [Grani'tes; from gra'- 
 num, a “grain.”] A kind of primitive 
 rook, consisting essentially of quartz, 
 felspar, and mica. 
 
 Gran-it'ie. [Graaiit'icus.] Be- 
 longing to granite. 
 
 Gra-niv'o-mis. [Grani v'oru§ ; 
 
 from gra'num, a “grain,” and vo'ro, to 
 “devour.”] Eating grain. 
 
 Grau'u-lar. [Graamfla'ris ; from 
 gran’ ulum, a “little grain.”] (Fr. Granu- 
 leux, gR&'nuTuh'.) In the form of grains ; 
 of the nature or appearance of granu- 
 lations. 
 
 Graat'u-Sat-ed. [Gramila'tws ; from 
 the same.] Having grains, or granular. 
 
 Graii-u-la/tioii. [Grasmla'tio, 
 
 o'nis ; from the same.] The division of 
 metallic substances into small particles, 
 or grains, to facilitate their combination 
 20 * 
 
 with other substances. Also, the process 
 by which little grain-like, fleshy bodies 
 form on ulcers and suppurating wounds, 
 filling up the cavities, and bringing nearer 
 together and uniting their sides. 
 
 Gran ule. [Gran'uluin ; thedimi 
 nutive of gra'num, a “ grain.”] A little 
 grain. 
 
 Gramilcux. See Granular. 
 
 Gran'u-ll-cau'lis.* [From gran'u 
 lum, a “little grain,” and cau'lis, a 
 “stem.”] Having stem and branches 
 covered with little tubercles. 
 
 Gran-u-lif 'er-ous. [G rami' lifer; 
 from gran' ulum, a “little grain,” and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing granules; as 
 the shell of the Mitra gran ulif era. 
 
 G ran 'u-11- form. [Graiiulifor'- 
 mis; from gran' ulum, a “little grain.”] 
 Resembling little grains. 
 
 Gran-u-los'I-ty. [Granulos'itas, 
 a 'tis; from the same.] A mass of small 
 tubercles, like granules. 
 
 Grau'u-lous. [Granulo sus; from 
 the same.] Having granules; full of 
 granules. 
 
 Gra'num,* plural Gra na. A grain ; 
 a small seed of any kind. The sixtieth 
 part of a drachm, or twentieth of a 
 scruple. 
 
 Grape-Sujgar. See Glucose. 
 
 Grapli-i-o-i'des.* [From yparfng, a 
 “style,” or “writing-instrument,” and 
 £?do;, a “form.”] Resembling a style; 
 styloid. Applied to the styloid process 
 of the temporal bone. 
 
 Graph ite. [From ypup(o,to “write,” 
 and \i6n;, a “stone;” from its use in mak- 
 ing pencils.] Plumbago, or black lead. 
 
 Grass Oil of Jfa litur. A volatile 
 oil, procured, according to Boyle, from 
 the Andropogon Calamus aromaticus. It 
 is sometimes incorrectly called oil of 
 spikenard. 
 
 Gratiela (grash'e-o-la) Of-fi^-I- 
 na'lis.* The systematic name of the 
 hedge-hyssop. 
 
 Gra-ve'clo, <1 inis.% [From gra'vis, 
 “heavy.”] Literally, “heaviness.” A 
 term for coryza ; so called, probably, 
 from the sense of weight or oppression 
 experienced in a severe catarrh. 
 
 Grav'd. [Lat. Fithi'asis ; Fr. 
 Gravelle, gr&'vell' : from the French gra- 
 vier, gr&'ve'a',“ gravel” or “ coarse sand.”] 
 A popular term applied either to calcu- 
 lous matter formed in the kidneys, pass- 
 ing off in the urine, or to small distinct 
 calculi or concretions. It is distinguished 
 from stone in the bladder by being of 
 smaller size. See Calculus. 
 
 229 
 
GRA 
 
 GUA 
 
 Gravelle. See Gravel. 
 
 Grave-Wax. Adipocere. 
 
 Grav'iil Uter-us. [U'terus Grav'» 
 idus.J The womb in the impregnated 
 state, or daring gestation. 
 
 Gra-vid'i-ty. [Gravid'itas, a 'tis; 
 from grav'idns, “ pregnant/’] The con- 
 dition of a woman who is pregnant; ges- 
 tation: pregnancy. 
 
 Grav-I-grra 'dl-us.* [From gra'vis, 
 “ heavy, " and gra’dior , to “ march.”] 
 Walking with a heavy tread. Applied 
 in the plural neuter (Gravigra'dia) to 
 an order of Mammals, as the elephant, 
 etc. 
 
 Grav-im'e-ter. [Gravim'etruin; 
 
 from gra'vis, “ heavy/' and gsrpoi/, a 
 “ measure."] An instrument for ascer- 
 taining the specific gravity of bodies. 
 
 Grav-i-ta'tion. [Gravita'tio, o'nis; 
 from grav'itas, "weight.”] That power 
 or tendency by which all material bodies 
 are drawn towards each other, or by 
 which a stone or other body on the sur- 
 face of the earth is drawn towards the 
 centre. 
 
 Grav'i-ty. [Grav'itas, a 'tis ; from 
 gra'vis, “ heavy."] The cause or power 
 by which bodies naturally tend towards 
 the centre of the earth ; weight. 
 
 Gravity, Centre of. See Centre 
 of Gravity. 
 
 Grav'ity, Spe-cif 'ic. The compara- 
 tive density (or gravity) of one body 
 considered in relation to another as- 
 sumed as the standard. In measuring 
 the specific gravity of liquids or solids, 
 water is usually taken as the standard 
 of comparison, being reckoned as a 
 unit; in measuring gases, common air 
 or hydrogen is assumed as the standard. 
 
 Great Sympathetic Nerve. See 
 Trisplanchnic Nerve. 
 
 Gre'cl-aa Wa'ter. A solution of 
 nitrate of silver disguised, for dyeing 
 the hair black ; the hair thus dyed soon 
 becomes purple on exposure to the light. 
 
 Green Milk. See Colostrum. 
 
 Green Sickness. See Chlorosis. 
 
 Green Vit'ri-ol. The sulphate of 
 iron. 
 
 Green Waters Popularly, the 
 Lochia, when of a dark, dirty, greenish 
 aspect. 
 
 Grenaflia. See Granadin. 
 
 Grey Lotion. The Lotio nigra. 
 
 Grif 3i Ill's Mix ture, otherwise 
 called Mis-tu'ra Fer'ri Com-pos'i- 
 
 ta* (“ Compound Mixture of Iron”). 
 It is composed chiefly of myrrh, carbon- 
 ate of potash, sulphate of iron, and spirit 
 230 
 
 of lavender. It is used as a tonic in dys- 
 pepsia, chlorosis, and similar affections. 
 
 Grippe, gRip or gRep. The French 
 name for Influenza, which see. 
 
 Groats, grawts. The decorticated 
 grains of the common oat. 
 
 Gro'cer’s Itch. The ecze'ma impe- 
 tigino'des of some writers. See Acarus 
 Sacchari. 
 
 Groin. See Inguen. 
 
 Grooved. See Sulcated. 
 
 Grossesse, gRo'sess'. The French 
 term for Pregnancy, which see. 
 
 Grossulaceae,* gros-u-la'she-e, or 
 Gros-su-la-rl-a'ce-se.* [From gros ' - 
 sul'a, a “ gooseberry," grossuta' ria, a 
 “ gooseberry-bush."] A natural order 
 of exogenous shrubs, found in the tem- 
 perate parts of Europe, Asia, and 
 America. It includes the currant and 
 gooseberry. 
 
 Gros'su-llne. [From gros'sula, a 
 “ gooseberry."] The name given by 
 Guibourt to a peculiar principle procured 
 from gooseberries and other acid fruits, 
 forming the basis of jelly. 
 
 Grot'to del Ca'ne (k&'n&). (“ Dog’s 
 Grotto.") A grotto near Naples, in 
 which carbonic acid gas rises about 
 eighteen inches above the surface of the 
 ground, so that it affects dogs and other 
 small animals. 
 
 Growth. [Lat. Incremen'tum; Fr. 
 
 Croissance, kRw&'soNSs'.] Increase or 
 augmentation of the body in all its parts, 
 without reference to the peculiar struc- 
 ture, or function, and, so, distinct from, 
 though nearly connected with, Develop- 
 ment. 
 
 Grub. The larva of insects ; also, a 
 sort of maggot, hatched from the egg of 
 the beetle {Scarabse' us). 
 
 Gru'inous. [Grunio'sus; from 
 gru'mu8, a “clot."] Thickened; clotted; 
 curdled. 
 
 Gru'mus.* A clot of milk, or of 
 blood ; a curd. 
 
 Gru'tum,* or Gru'tum Mil'I-um.* 
 
 A small white tubercle of the skin, re- 
 sembling a millet-seed. 
 
 Gryl'lus Ver-ru-clv'o-rus.* [From 
 verru'ea , a “wart," and vu'ro, to “eat."] 
 The wart-eating grasshopper of Sweden, 
 which is caught for the purpose, as it is 
 said, of biting off the excrescence, when 
 it also discharges a corrosive liquor on 
 the wound. 
 
 GU. = Gut'ta a “drop," or Gut' tee* 
 “drops." 
 
 Guaiac, gwl'ak or gwa'ak. Th« 
 same as Guaiaci Resina, which svt. 
 
GUA 
 
 GUM 
 
 Guaiacanse,* gwi-a-ka'ne. The 
 Jussieuan name of a natural order of 
 plants. See Ebenaceas. 
 
 Guai'aci (gwi'a-si) Lignum.* 
 (“Wood of Guaiacum.”) The Pharma- 
 copoeial name || for the wood of the 
 Guai'acum officina'le, popularly called 
 Lig'num Vi'tve (“Wood of Life”), in allu- 
 sion to its great medicinal virtues. It 
 is a stimulant diaphoretic, and is princi- 
 pally used in cases of secondary syphilis 
 and other diseases dependent on a viti- 
 ated condition of the system. 
 
 Guai'aci Re-si 'na.* (“Resin of 
 Guaiacum.”) Guaiac. The Pharma- 
 copoeial name || for the concrete juice of 
 the Guai'acum officina'le. It is alterative 
 and stimulant, and is much used as a 
 remedy in rheumatism. 
 
 Guaiacin, or Guaiacine, gwl'a-sin. 
 A resinoid principle found in guaiac. 
 It dilfers from most other resins, by 
 being converted by nitric acid into ox- 
 alic acid, instead of artificial tannin. 
 
 Guaiacum,* gwl'a-kum or gwa/a- 
 kum. (Sp. Gnaiaco , gw&-y&/ko.) The 
 guaiac-tree; a Linnsean genus of the 
 class Decandria, natural order Rutacese. 
 Also, the Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. 
 and Ed. Ph.) for the resin obtained from 
 the Guai'acum officina' le. 
 
 Guai'acum Lig num.* The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
 for the wood of Guaiacum officinale. 
 
 Guai'acum Of-fii$-i-na'le.* The 
 tree which yields Guaiacum. 
 
 Guano, gw&'no. (Said to be de- 
 rived from the Peruvian Huanu, hw&'- 
 noo, “dung.”) A species of manure re- 
 cently discovered and much employed, 
 on account of its great strength as a 
 fertilizer. It is the excrement of sea- 
 fowl, usually deposited on small islands 
 and cliffs near the coast. In some places 
 it is found in such enormous beds as could 
 only be produced by the accumulation 
 of thousands of years. 
 
 Gu-ber-nac'u-lum.* [From guber’ - 
 no , gubernia’ turn, to “ guide,” to “govern.”] 
 Something which guides or directs. See 
 next article. 
 
 Gubernac'uSumTes'tis.* A fibro- 
 vascular cord between the testicle and 
 scrotum in the foetus. So named because 
 it is supposed to guide the testicle in its 
 descent from the abdomen. 
 
 Guiu'ea (gin'e) Grains. Another 
 name for Malaguetta pepper. See Amo- 
 mum Ghana Paradisi. 
 
 Guinea Pepper. See Capsicum 
 Annuum. 
 
 Guin'ea Worm, otherwise called 
 Mails Fi-la'rl-se* (which is equivalent 
 to “ skein worm,” so called because it is 
 wound off like a skein of thread!. A 
 worm found chiefly in the East and West 
 Indies. It is said to be frequently twelve 
 feet long, and about the thickness of a 
 horse-hair ; it burrows under the cuticle, 
 and “may be felt under the skin, and 
 traced by the fingers like the string of a 
 violin. ... It should be drawn out with 
 great caution, by means of a piece of silk 
 tied round its head ; for if, by being too 
 much strained, the animal break, the 
 part remaining under the skin will grow 
 with double vigor, and often occasion a 
 fatal inflammation.” — (Good.) 
 
 Guinea-lien Weed. The vulgar 
 name of the Peleve’ria Allia’cea, an ex- 
 tremely acrid plant, used in Jamaica as 
 a sialagogue. 
 
 Gul, godl. A Persian word signify- 
 ing a “ rose.” 
 
 Gul Attar. See Attar of Roses. 
 
 Gu'la.* The oesophagus, or gullet; 
 popularly, the throat. 
 
 Gum. = Gum’ mi % “ Gum.” 
 
 Gum. [Lat. Gum mi ; Fr. Gomme , 
 gomm.] The mucilage of vegetables. 
 
 Gum Arabic. See Gummi Acacia. 
 
 Gum Boil. [Paru'lis.] Inflam- 
 mation, abscess, or boil of the gums. 
 
 Gum E-las'tic. A term for Caout- 
 chouc. 
 
 Gum Ju'ni-per. A concrete resin 
 which exudes in white tears from the 
 Junip'erus commu’nis. It has been called 
 sandarach, and, hence, confounded with 
 the cavtiapaxn of Aristotle, which was a 
 sulphuret of arsenic. Reduced to pow- 
 der it is called pounce , which prevents 
 ink from sinking into paper from which 
 the exterior coating of size has been 
 scraped away. 
 
 Gum of the Teeth. See Gin- 
 giva. 
 
 Gum, Bank Red. The common 
 name for the Stroph'ulus confer’ tus. 
 
 Gum Rash. Red gum. A genus of 
 cutaneous diseases. See Strophulus. 
 
 Gum, Red. The common name for 
 Stroph'ulus intertinc’tus. 
 
 Gum Res in. [Gum'mi-Rcsi'na.] 
 The concrete juice of certain plants, con- 
 sisting of resin, essential oil, gum, and 
 extractive vegetable matter; as aloes, am- 
 moniac, assafoetida, euphorbium, scam- 
 mony, &c. 
 
 Gum, W T !iite. The common name for 
 Stroph'ulus al'bidus. See Strophulus. 
 
 Gum'ma.* A soft tumor, so named 
 
 231 
 
GUM 
 
 GYM 
 
 from the resemblance of its contents to 
 gum. 
 
 Gum'mi Aca'cise*(a-ka'she-e)« The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) of gum 
 Arabic, obtained from the Acacia vera , 
 and other species of Acacia. 
 
 Giinuni Eubrum Gambiense. 
 
 See Kino. 
 
 Gum ani Scor-pa-o'nis,* Gum'mi 
 Sen'e-ga,* Gum mi $eu-e-gal-eai - 
 se,* Guin'mi Tiie-ba'i-cum.* Names 
 for gum Arabic. 
 
 Gun-Got'ton. An explosive sub- 
 stance, prepared by steeping cotton freed 
 from all impurities in a mixture of sul- 
 phuric and nitric acids, and then washing 
 it carefully and drying it. It is princi- 
 pally used for the manufacture of Col- 
 lodion, which see. 
 
 Guu'jali. The dried plant Cannabis 
 Indica. 
 
 Gun'pow-iler. A mixture of five 
 parts of nitre, one of sulphur, and one 
 of charcoal, finely powdered and very 
 accurately blended. The grains are 
 smoothed by friction, and are then said 
 to be glazed. 
 
 G«s'ta4o-r.f, Gus'ta-tive. [Gus- 
 tato'rius, Gustati'vus; from gus'to, 
 gasta'tum, to “ taste.”] Belonging to 
 the sense of taste. 
 
 Gustatory Nerve. The lingual 
 branch of the deep portion of the inferior 
 maxillary, or third branch of the fifth 
 pair of nerves. 
 
 Gus'tus.* [From yevopiai , to “ taste.”] 
 The sense of taste. 
 
 Gutt. = Gut'tse.% “ Drops.” 
 
 Gutt. quibusd. = Gnt’tis quibus'- 
 dam* “ With a few drops.” 
 
 Gut'ta.* [Fr. Goutte , goot, a “drop.”] 
 A minim, or the sixtieth part of a flui- 
 drachm. 
 
 Gut'ta A-nod'y-na.* (“Anodyne 
 Drop.”) A solution of acetate of mor- 
 phia. 
 
 Gutta Nigra. See Black Drop. 
 
 Gut'ta O-pa'ea.* (“ Opake Drop.”) 
 The diseise called cataract, as distin- 
 guished from Gutta Serena, which see. 
 
 Gut'ta Per'clia.* A name applied 
 to the concrete juice of the Isonandra 
 gutta. This substance has been placed 
 on the primary list of the Materia 
 Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
 1360. 
 
 Gutta Rosacea, or Gutta Rosea. 
 
 See Acne Rosacea. 
 
 Gut'ta Se-re'na.* (“ Drop Serene.”) 
 A name for amaurosis, in which the dis- 
 ease being in the retina, and not in tho 
 232 
 
 lens or humors of the eye, this organ ap- 
 pears clear and natural. 
 
 Guttat. = Gutta' tim.* “By drops.” 
 
 Gut-ta tim.* [Froin^'fa, a“drop.”] 
 In prescriptions, “ drop by drop.” 
 
 Gut'ti-fer.* Resin-producing. See 
 Guttife ROllS. 
 
 Gut-tif 1 'er-ae.* [See Guttiferous.] 
 The Jussieuan name of a natural order 
 of plants. See Clusiaceje. 
 
 Guttiferal. See next article. 
 
 Guttl-fer-a'les,* or Gut-tifer-als. 
 Applied by Lindley to an alliance or 
 division of plants (or trees) comprising 
 those which produce resin. (See Gutti- 
 ferous.) The Guttiferal alliance com- 
 prises, among others, the important natu- 
 ral orders Clusiacese and Dipteraccse . 
 
 Gut-tif er-ous. [Gut'tifer, or 
 Guttif 'erus ; from gut'ta, a “drop,” 
 and fe'ro , to “ bear.”] Literally “ drop- 
 bearing,” that is, “resin-producing.” 
 Applied to a natural division of plants. 
 
 Gut'tur, ur is.* The throat; also, 
 the larynx or trachea. See Gula. 
 
 ^ym-naii'thus. ;i: [From yv/xrog, 
 
 “naked,” and a;Qog, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing naked flowers : gymnan'thous. 
 
 Gymnasium,* jim-na'zhe-um. [Gr. 
 yvfx^aatoj ; from yvgvng, “naked.”] Tho 
 place where the ancient Atiiletae and 
 others exercised themselves; so named 
 because, previously to the exercises, they 
 stripped themselves naked. 
 
 t^ym-uas'tic. [Lat.Gymmas'tficus ; 
 Gr. yvfivaaTiicog ; see preceding article.] 
 Belonging to gymnastics. See next 
 article. 
 
 if-yiiM-nas'ties. [Gymnas'tica, or 
 Gymuas'tice.] The science or system 
 by which the health is promoted and 
 the strength of the body developed by the 
 regular practice of active exercises. 
 
 <§Jy m° in o- b 1 as ' t us. * [From yvgv6$, 
 “ naked,” and /ftaank, a “ germ.”] Hav- 
 ing a naked germ. Applied to flowers. 
 
 tyym-uo-car'pous. [Gymnocar'- 
 pus ; from yvpv6g, “ naked,” and tcapTrog, 
 “ fruit,” or “ seed.”] Having naked 
 seed. 
 
 ^»ym'iio-gens. [Gymno&'cnje ; 
 
 from yvp;6g, “naked,” and ye.>co, to “be 
 born,” to “grow.”] A division or class 
 of exogenous plants, which havo no 
 ovary, style, or stigma, but are so con- 
 structed that the pollen falls immedi- 
 ately upon the naked ovules, without tho 
 introduction of any intermediate appa- 
 ratus. The Coniferse may be cited as an 
 example of this class of plants. 
 
 Gyumospermes. jim'no-sperms. 
 
GYM 
 
 HAE 
 
 [See Gymnospermius.] Applied in the 
 same manner as Gymnogens, which see. 
 
 ^ym-no-sper'mi-a.* The name of 
 a Linnaean order. See Gymnospermius. 
 
 ^ym-no-sper'inl-iis.* [From yvp- 
 vog, “ naked/’ and aneppa, a “ seed.”] 
 Gymnosper'mious, or gymnosper'mous. 
 Having naked seeds. Applied to a Lin- 
 naean order of the class Didynamia. 
 
 ^ym-iios'tb-miis.* [From yvpvog, 
 "naked,” and cropa, a “ mouth.”] Gym- 
 nos'tomous. Applied in the plural mas- 
 culine (Gymnos'tomi) to a division of 
 Mosses, in which the orifice of the urn is 
 naked. 
 
 ^ryn >an 'drl-a.- The name of a Lin- 
 naean class. See Gynandrious. 
 
 ^yn-an'«lri*ous, or^yn^'® drons. 
 [G-ynan '<lrius; from ywri, a “woman,” 
 or “female,” and dvr\p, a»6p6g, a “man,” 
 or “male.”] Having the ma^ and fe- 
 male portions of the flower united. Ap- 
 plied to a Linnaean class, the stamens of 
 which grow upon the pistil. 
 
 4^yn'a-pBiore. [Gynaph'ora; from 
 yvvrj, a “woman,” or “female,” and 
 tyopzo), to “bear.”] Literally, “that 
 which bears the female” portion of the 
 plant ; a prolongation of the receptacle, 
 to which the pistil is often attached; a 
 thecaphore. 
 
 ^yn-a-tre'si-a.* [From yvvn, a “ wo- 
 man,” or “female,” a, negative, and 
 Tirprifu , to “perforate.’ ] A term for the 
 obliteration or imperforation of the va- 
 gina. 
 
 «py n . e -c©-l©g , 'i-c:al. [Gymseco- 
 log/icus.] Belonging to gynecology. 
 
 <^yn-e-col'o-gy. [Gynaecolo'gia; 
 
 from yvvri, ywainog, a “woman,” and Aoyoj, 
 a “ discourse.”] A treatise on woman, 
 and the peculiarities of her constitution 
 as compared with man ; the science 
 which treats of the female constitution. 
 
 ^r^-ni'a-cns** [From ywrj, a“ woman.”] 
 Pertaining to women. Applied in the 
 plural ( Gyni'aci ) to an order of diseases. 
 
 [From ywfj, a “ wo- 
 man,” or “female,” and ftdaig, a “base.”] 
 The base of a style or pistil, 
 ^ryaiogihormii. See Gynaphore. 
 gyp sum.* [Gr. yvdog.] The sul- 
 phate of lime, or planter of Paris. 
 
 ^y'rans.* [From gy'ro, gyra'tvm, to 
 “turn about.”] Turning about; rotat- 
 ing itself: gy'rant. Applied to certain 
 plants. 
 
 <§»y'rate. [Gyra'tsas; from gy'ro, to 
 “turn about.”] Literally, “turned 
 about.” The same as Circinate. 
 
 <^y-ra/ta«m. [Gyra'tio, o'nis; from 
 gy'ro, gyra'tum, to “turn about.”] The 
 sensation of dizziness. 
 
 ^ryr-en-$epli'a-liis.* [Frcm yvpida>, 
 to “wind,” and iyK£(pa\ov , the “brain.”] 
 Applied by Owen to a sub-class of Mam- 
 mals, having the brain convoluted, but 
 in less degree than in man : gyrenceph'- 
 alous. 
 
 ^ry'ri.* [The plural of gy'rus, a “ cir- 
 cuit.”] The spiral cavities of the inter- 
 nal ear. Also, the convolutions of the 
 brain. 
 
 ^y-rose', or ^Jy'rous. [Gyro'siis; 
 
 from yrpog, a “ circle.”] Having circles, 
 or full of circles. 
 
 H. 
 
 M. = Ho’ra.% “Hour.” Hence If. 
 S. = Ho'rd som'ni,* “ at the hour of 
 sleep,” in other words, “ at bedtime.” 
 
 Sfab'it. [Ilab'i&us; from ha'beo, 
 hab'itum, to “have,” to “have oneself,” 
 or to “be.”] Temperament, or diath- 
 esis. Also, a power of doing any thing 
 acquired by frequent repetition of the 
 same action. See Diathesis, and 
 Hexis. 
 
 Slab'I-tat.* [From hab'ito, to “in- 
 habit.,” or “dwell.”] Literally, “it 
 dwells.” Applied to a place where a 
 plant best grows, or an animal is gene- 
 rally found. 
 
 Ilato-ro-ma'ni-a.* [From a/3pog, 
 “ light/' or “gay,” and pavla, “mad- 
 ness.”] Insanity or delirium in which 
 
 the patient is cheerful or merry. Com- 
 pare Amenomania. 
 
 Hse'ma,* gen. Ifnem'a-tos. [Gr. 
 alpa.) Another term for “ blood.” 
 
 M^m-a-^el-i-no'sis.* [From alpa, 
 “ blood,” Krihg, a “ spot,” and toadg, a 
 “disease.”] Blood-spot disease, the 
 name given by Royer to purpura. 
 
 IIa?macyaiiiiia. See H.ematocya- 
 
 NINA. 
 
 Ma?m-a-dyii-a-mom'e-ter. [Iffae- 
 m adyn amom ' etFii m ; fr o m alpa, 
 “blood,” dvsapig, “power,” and perpov, a 
 “ measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
 taining the force of the circulation of the 
 blood. 
 
 Ilsem'a-g-ogue. [H<emago'gus; 
 
 from alpa, “blood,” and ayw, to “carry 
 
 233 
 
HAE 
 
 HAE 
 
 away,” to “ expel.”] Applied to medi- 
 cines favoring the access of the cata- 
 menia, or the hemorrhoidal discharge. 
 
 Hie'mal, orHe'mal, [Ilsema'lis; 
 from alpa , “ blood.”] Relating to blood, 
 or the blood-vessels. 
 
 Hae'mal Arch. A name applied to 
 the arch formed by the sternum and ribs 
 with the vertebrae, because it protects or 
 encloses the most important portion of 
 the vascular system. 
 
 Haemal Ax'is. A name applied by 
 Owen to the central organ and large 
 trunks of the vascular system. 
 
 Hae'mal Spine. Another name for 
 the sternum. Used by Owen for the 
 homologue of the sternum and ensiform 
 cartilage, or (in the abdomen) for the 
 line a alba . 
 
 Hiem-a-leu-£i'iia.* [From alpa, 
 “ blood,” and \ok6;, “ white.”] The 
 
 huffy coat, or fibrin, of the blood : hsem- 
 aleu'cin. 
 
 Haem-a-lo'pi-a.* [From al/xa, 
 
 “ blood,” and wip, diro the “eye.”] A 
 disease of the eye, in which every object 
 appears of a blood color: hacm'alopy. 
 
 Use-man 'thus.* [From al/xa, 
 
 “blood,” and avOo;, a “flower.”] The 
 Blood Flower, a plant of the natural 
 order Amaryllidaceae. The Hottentots 
 are said to dip their arrow-heads in the 
 juice of its bulbs, on account of its poi- 
 sonous properties. 
 
 Hre-maph'e-in, or hem-a-fe'in. 
 [Hseinaphsei'na; from al/xa, “blood,” 
 and (.paid;, “ of a fawn color.”] The sub- 
 stance which gives the pale amber color 
 to urine. 
 
 Haem-a-poph'y-sfs.* [From al/xa, 
 “blood,” and apoph'ysis .] Applied by 
 Owen, in Comparative Anatomy, to the 
 laminae of a vertebra, which form an ir- 
 regular canal, lodging the haemal axis; 
 also, the homologue of the cartilage of a 
 rib, or its sternal portion, named in ref- 
 erence to the haemal arch . 
 
 Hsc-mas-the-no'sis.* [From al/xa, 
 “blood,” and aaQeseia, “debility.”] Po- 
 verty, or deterioration, of the blood. 
 
 Haem-a-tan-a-g’o'ge.* [From al/xa, 
 “ blood,” and d^ayoxyr/, a “raising” or 
 “bringing up.”] A raising, or vomiting, 
 of blo'»d. See H^ematemesis. 
 
 Haem-a-tan-gi-on'o-sos,* or Iffrcm- 
 a-tan-gi-on'o-sus.* [From al/xa, 
 “blood,” ayyeTor, a “vessel?” and vdnog, a 
 “disease.”] Disease of the blood-vessels. 
 
 Humi-a-tan-gl-o'sis.* The same 
 
 as JLEM ATANGTONOSOS. 
 
 Haeni’a-ta-po'ri-jju* [From al/xa, 
 234 
 
 “blood,” and anopla , “defect.”] The same 
 as Anaemia. 
 
 Hsem-a-ta-por'I-cus.* Belonging 
 
 to haemataporia : haematapor'ic. 
 
 Haem-a-tap-or-rlio'sis.* [From 
 
 al/xa, “blood,” and, “from,” and oppog, 
 “serum.”] The separation of serum 
 from the blood, as in the profuse dis- 
 charges of Cholera . 
 
 Haema-ta-pos'ta-sis.* [From al/xa , 
 “blood,” and dirouTaotg, a “departure.”] 
 Metastasis, or transposition of the blood 
 to another part. 
 
 Ham a- ta-pos- tat ' 1-cus.* B el on g- 
 
 ing to haematapo8ta8i8 : hsematapostat'ic. 
 
 Maema-te-lae'um.* [From al/xa , 
 “ blood,” and tXaiov, “ oil.”] A concrete 
 oil existing in the blood. 
 
 Hsem-a-tem 'e-sis.* [From al/xa , 
 “blood,” and epeio, to “vomit.”] Vomit- 
 ing of blood. See H^ematanagoge. 
 
 Haem-a-te-met'i-cus.* Belonging 
 to haematemesis : haematemet'ic. 
 
 Haem-a-tep-a-g , o'g , e.* [From al/xa, 
 “blood,” and i-rraymyri, an “attack,” or 
 “invasion.”] Congestion of blood in a 
 part. 
 
 Hsem-a-ttier'mus.* [From al/xa , 
 “blood,” and Oeppr/, “heat.”] Having 
 warm blood : haemather'mous. 
 
 Haemat-lii-dro'sis.* [From alpa, 
 “ blood,” and 'idpwaig, a “ sweating.”] An 
 oozing of blood-colored perspiration. 
 
 Haeinathorax. See ILematotho- 
 RAX. 
 
 Haem-a-ti'a-sis.* [From alpa, 
 “blood.”] The same as Hjsmatonosus. 
 
 Havmat'i-ca.* [From hacmat’ icu8, 
 “relating to the blood, or system of 
 blood-vessels.”] A name applied by Dr. 
 Good to a class of his Nosology, com- 
 prising diseases of the sanguineous func- 
 tion. Haematica is also used to denote 
 medicines which are supposed to modify 
 in some way the condition of the blood. 
 See H^ematinica. 
 
 Hae-mat'I-cus.* [From alpa, “blood.”] 
 Haemat'ic. Relating to the blood. 
 
 Haem'a-tin, or Hsem'a-tlne. 
 [Haemati'na; from alpa, “ blood.”] 
 The coloring matter of the blood; some- 
 times, though improperly, termed ylobu- 
 lin. Also applied to the coloring matter 
 of logwood, from its resemblance to 
 blood. 
 
 1 1 aem-a-tin 'l-ca.* [The plural neu- 
 ter of haematin' icu8, “belonging to hmm- 
 atine.”] A class of the Haematica which 
 augment the amount of haematin in the 
 blood. They consist chiefly, if not ex- 
 clusively, of iron and its compounds. 
 
IIAE 
 
 HAE 
 
 Hajm-a-tis'che-sis.- [From alpa, 
 “ blood,” and another form of exa), 
 to “hold,” to “ restrain.”] Stoppage of 
 discharges of blood. 
 
 Ifseiii-a-tflstli'iniis.* [From alpa, 
 "blood,” and iaQpdg, the “ fauces.”] Haem- 
 orrhage from the fauces. 
 
 Mrem'a-tite, or Hem'a-tite. 
 [Msemati'tes; from alpa, “blood.”] 
 The blood-stone; a species of iron 
 ore. 
 
 Hsem-a-ti'tis, fdis.* [From alpa, 
 “ blood.”] Inflammation of the blood. 
 
 IIoDm'a-to-car'pus.* [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and Kapnog, “fruit.”] Having 
 fruit spotted with red: haematocar'pous. 
 
 Maem'a-to-^elle.* [From cilpa, 
 “blood,” and *17X77, a “tumor.”] En- 
 largement of the scrotum, from blood 
 being within one or other of its tunics. 
 
 lIa?Bii'a-to-^epti'a-lMS. [From 
 alixa, “blood,” and wpaXii, the “head.”] 
 A monster-foetus, in which effusion of 
 blood into the cerebral hemispheres has 
 produced a marked deformity. 
 
 Mrema-to-clie'zi-a.* [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and to “evacuate the 
 
 bowels.”] A bloody stool. 
 
 Ma'isi'a-to-^reli-a.* [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and KoiXta, the “belly.”] Effu- 
 sion or escape of blood into the perito- 
 naea! cavity. 
 
 EIsem'a-to-col'pMS.* [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and KdXnog, a “sinus,” some- 
 times the “vagina.”] Effusion of blood 
 into the vagina. Also, a collection of 
 blood, or of menstrual secretion, there. 
 
 M^m'a-to-Crys'tal-line. [From 
 alpa, “blood,” and KpvaraXXou, “crystal.”] 
 A crystalline body found in the remains 
 of extravasations of blood. In man the 
 crystals are very small and rectangular. 
 They are remarkable from their becoming 
 larger and smaller under the influence of 
 external agencies, without change of 
 form. They become bright red under 
 the influence of oxygen, dark red under 
 that of carbonic acid. 
 
 Ma?m'a-t©-<£y'a-Mi'iBa.* [From 
 alpa, “blood,” and Kvavog, “blue.”] The 
 blue coloring matter of the blood: 
 hsematocy'anin. 
 
 IFIaim'a-t©-$ys'tis.* [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and Kvcng, a “bladder.”] A 
 cyst containing blood. Also, effusion 
 of blood into the urinary bladder. Also, 
 encysted hsemafoma : a haem'atocyst. 
 
 Ela&m-a-to'des.* [From alpa, “blood.”] 
 Full of blood: hsem'atose. 
 
 Hsematodynamometer. See ILem- 
 
 ADYNAMOMETER. 
 
 Iffa'in-a-to-glob-u-li'na.- The 
 
 same as Globulin. 
 
 1 1 a na-a-tog ' ra-pli y . [Hzemato- 
 
 gra'phia; from alpa, “blood,” and 
 ypdfro, to “ write.”] A description of the 
 blood, its nature and quality. 
 
 Ifreon'a-toid. [ISiematoi'dcs; 
 
 from alpa, “blood,” and cidog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling blood. 
 
 H rcm-a-toi'diii. [If a>ifiatoidi'na ; 
 
 from heemati'na, “ hsematin.”] A crystal- 
 line body produced spontaneously from 
 hacmatin during the drying of blood. 
 
 Ilsrna-a-toro-gy- [ IBanialolo- 
 gfia; from alpa, “blood,” and Aoyoj, a 
 “discourse.”] The history of the na- 
 ture and constitution of the blood; the 
 science of the blood. 
 
 Hsema-to-ly t'i-ca.^ [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and X-vw. to “dissolve,” to 
 “weaken.”] A term applied by some 
 writers to a class of remedies which im- 
 poverish the blood. See Span^emia, and 
 Span^emica. 
 
 Ha m-a-to'ma, a ft#.* [From atparew, 
 to “turn into blood.”] A bloody tumor: 
 a haem'atome. 
 
 Ila^m-a-to-ma-to'sus.* Having 
 
 hsemafoma : haE>matom'atous. 
 
 Ilaem'a-to-met-acli'y-sis.* [From 
 alpa, “blood,” perd, “beyond,” and. xvaig, 
 an “effusion.”] Transfusion of blood. 
 
 Ham-a-toin'c-ter. [Ha inatom'e- 
 trnm ; from alpa , “blood,” and pbf.ov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring the force of blood. 
 
 Ha>uin'a-to-me'tra.* [From alpa, 
 “ blood,” and pr/rpa, the “womb.”] A 
 filling of the womb with blood. 
 
 Ila'ma-to-ine'tri-a.* [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and perplw, to “measure.”] The 
 measuring of the force of the blood in 
 its course: haematom'etry. 
 
 Moem-a-tom'plia-Io-^ele.'- [From 
 alpa, “blood,” opfpaXog, the “navel,” and 
 KnXr], a “tumor.”] Tumor at the navel, 
 turgid with blood. 
 
 Hopm-a-tom'y-^es, e'tis* [From 
 alpa, “blood,” and pvxrig, a “fungus.”] 
 Fungus lisematodes, or bloody fungus. 
 See Fungus ILematodes. 
 
 Ha*m-a-ton'«-sos, ;i: or Hsrm-a- 
 ton'o-sus.* [From alpa, “blood,” and 
 voaog, “disease.”] Disease of the blood. 
 
 Ila^ma-to-per i-car'di-iim.* [From 
 alpa, “blood,” and pericar’ dhim.~\ Effu- 
 sion of blood into the pericardium. 
 
 Ma^m'a-tfo-pliyTliis.* [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and (pvXXov, a “leaf.”] Having 
 leaves tinged with a blood color: hsema- 
 * tophyl'lous. 
 
 235 
 
HAE 
 
 HAE 
 
 Haem'a-to-plas'ma, a tis* [From 
 aipa, “ blood/’ and irhiapa, a a forma- 
 tion. ,5 ] The plastic principle of the 
 blood. 
 
 H:»m'a-t©-p©i-e'sis. :i? [From alpa, 
 “ blood, ” and notrjais, a “ making.”] 
 Assimilation of the chyle to blood. The 
 sain3 as IIematosis. 
 
 Hf»m'a-t»-poi-et'i-cus.* Belong- 
 ing to hseniatopoiesis : haematopoietic. 
 
 Iliem-a-top-ty'sl-a.,* Haem-a- 
 top'ty-sis.* The same as Haemoptysis. 
 
 Ilieiii.a-tor'rha-ehis. * [From aipa, 
 “blood,” and pa\is, the “spine.”] Effu- 
 sion of blood into the spine, or into the 
 theci of the spinal marrow. 
 
 Hjein'?-tor-rhffi'a. {if [From cil/xa, 
 “blood,” and pza), to “flow.”] A passive 
 flowing of blood ; haemorrhage. 
 
 Iliematosme. See Hematin. 
 
 Hnem-a-to'sss.* [From al/xaroco, to 
 “make bloody.”] A flow, or flux, of 
 blood; a haemorrhage. 
 
 Ilnema-to-spil/i-a.* [From ai/xa, 
 “blood,” and aniXo;, a “spot.”] A name 
 for Purpura haemorrhagica. 
 
 IInem'a-to-spoai-g , o'sis.* The for- 
 mation or growth of hxmatospongus. 
 
 Ilsem'a-to-spon'gus.* [From al/xa, 
 “blood,” and ovroyyoj, a “sponge.”] Fun- 
 gus hsematodesy or bloody fungus. See 
 Fungus Hematodes. 
 
 Haem'a-to-sym pho-re'sis,* or 
 IInem'a-t»-syn'.a-g , o'g , e.' :i: * [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and (ryxpopricris, or covayioyrj , an 
 “assembling together,” a “collection.”] 
 Congestion of blood. See Hematepa- 
 goge. • 
 
 Maematothorax. See Hemotho- 
 rax. 
 
 IIsem-a-to-t»x'ic, Hiem-a-tox'ic. 
 [Ilaematotox'icus, Haematox'icus ; 
 
 from aljxoL f “blood,” and toZikos, “poison.”] 
 Belonging to a vitiated state of the 
 blood. 
 
 Ilaem-a-tox-i'na,* or Ilaem-a-tox- 
 y-li'iia.* The coloring matter of log- 
 wood. 
 
 II?cm-a-tox'y-lon. s ' [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and %vXo'j, “ wood.”] Logwood. 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Dccandria, 
 natural order Leguminosae. Also, the Phar- 
 macopoeia! name (Ed. and U.S. Ph.) of 
 the wood of Haematoxylon Campechianum , 
 otherwise called the Haematnxyli liqnnm 
 (“Wood of Haematoxylon”). See IIem- 
 
 ATOXYLUM. 
 
 Iliematox'ylon Cann-pe-chi-a'- 
 mim.* The logwood-tree. 
 
 Blami-a-tox'y-luam.* The Pharma- 
 copoeial name (Lend. Ph.) of logwood. 
 
 236 
 
 ILT3ii-a-to-zo'on. :: [From alpa, 
 
 “blood,” and £woj/, an “animal.”] An 
 animalcule discovered in the blood. 
 
 Msem-a-tu-re'sis,* or Hsem-a-tu'- 
 ri-a.* [From alpa, “blood,” and ovpov , 
 the “ urine.”] A disease in which blood 
 is discharged with urine. 
 
 Haem-a-tii'ri-ciis.** Belonging to 
 hsematuria : haematu'ric. 
 
 Ilsemidrosis. See Hemathidrosis. 
 
 Hieniiii, or I la*' Bill no. [Hicmfna; 
 from alpa, “blood.”] A crystalline sub- 
 stance obtained from dried blood by the 
 action of dry salt and glacial acetic acid 
 at a boiling temperature. It occurs in flat 
 rhombic plates, which are remarkable for 
 their insensibility to reagents, not being 
 affected by strong mineral acids. 
 
 Hsemodoraceay* hem-o-do-ra'she-e. 
 [From Heemodo' rum, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of endogenous herba- 
 ceous plants, found in New Holland, and 
 some other parts of the world. 
 
 Hsemometer. See Hematometer. 
 
 Hsemopathia. See Hematonosus. 
 
 Hsem-oph - that ' m us. ? [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and obOaXpos, the “eye.”] Effu- 
 sion of blood into the chambers of the 
 eye. 
 
 1 1 a*m-«-pro(* ' tos,* or Hsem-o- 
 
 proc'tus.* [From alpa, “blood,” and 
 ■npoiKTOs, the “anus.”] Discharge of blood 
 from the bowels. 
 
 Ilsem-op ' ti-cus.* Belonging to 
 hacmoptoe or haemoptysis : haemop'tic. 
 
 Ilacmoptoictts. See Hemopticus. 
 Hae-m©p'ty-sis,* or Hue-mop'- 
 to-e.* [From alpa, “blood,” and utvco, to 
 “spit.”] (Fr. Henioptysie, Amop't^'z^'.) 
 A spitting of blood; haemorrhage from 
 the lungs. A genus of the order Heemor- 
 rhagiae , class Pyrexiae, of Cullen's Nosol- 
 ogy. 
 
 Haemorrhage. See Hem-orrhagia. 
 
 Msem-or-rha'&i-a.* [From al/xa, 
 “blood,” and pnyvopi, to “burst.”] (Fr. 
 Hemorrhagie, Amoi&'zh&'.) Haem'or- 
 rhage, or haem'orrhagy. A bursting 
 forth of blood, from whatever cause. In 
 the plural, an order of the class Pyrexiae 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Haem-or-rhag'I-cus.’* Belonging 
 to haemorrhage: haemorrhagic. 
 
 Iffsem-or-rliin'i-a.* [From alpa, 
 “blood,” and plv, the “nose.”] The same 
 as Epistaxis. 
 
 Hsem-or-rhce'fju* The same as Hem- 
 atorrho? a, which see. 
 
 Blamiorrhue'a Pe-te-ehl-a'lls.* 
 (See Peteciiie.) A term which has 
 been applied to a chronic form of purjjura. 
 
HAE 
 
 IIAL 
 
 Hsem-or-rh o ’ I-c us.* Belonging to 
 
 heemorrhoea : haemorrho'ic. 
 
 Hsein'or-rScoid. [Haemor'rliois, 
 
 ides; from aiga, “ blood/’ and pea), to 
 “flow.”] Literally, a “ haemorrhage,” 
 and originally used in this sense in 
 general, but now restricted to the piles. 
 These are termed open, when they dis- 
 charge blood; and blind, when there is 
 no discharge. A genus of the order 
 Hsemorrh ay ise, class Pyrexise , of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Heem-or>rhoi / (lal. [Hsemorrhoi- 
 dalis; from hsemorrhbi'des, “piles.”] 
 Belonging to ha3morrhoides, or piles. 
 
 flaem-or-rlio-i'cle-us.* The same 
 as Hemorrhoidal. 
 
 Hsem-o-spa'si-a.** [From alpa,- 
 “ blood,” and onau), to “draw to.”] The 
 forming of a vacuum over a consider- 
 able surface of the body, being an ex- 
 tension of the principle of dry cup- 
 ping. See Hemospastic System. 
 
 Hsem-o-spas'tic. [From the same.] 
 Drawing or attracting the blood. 
 
 Ilremospas'tic Sys'tom. A new 
 system of medicine, introduced by Dr. 
 Junod, of Paris. He employs a pneu- 
 matic apparatus of peculiar construction, 
 in which the arm or leg is so placed as to 
 attract the blood to the extremities, with- 
 out diminishing the mass of this liquid. 
 
 Hsem-os-ta'sl-a, ;: H8e-mos'ta-sis. $ 
 [From alpa, “ blood,” and araaig, a “ stand- 
 ing.”] A stoppage, or stagnation, of the 
 blood; also applied to any operation for 
 stopping blood. 
 
 Hsem-os-tat/ic. [Harmostat'i- 
 cus.] Belonging to hsemo stasia, or hsem- 
 ostasis. Also applied to means employed 
 for staunching or arresting haemorrhage; 
 styptic. 
 
 Ha'iu-os-tat'i-ca.* [From alpa , 
 “ blood,” and oramcrl , the “science of 
 weights.”] The powers or motions of 
 the blood, and the laws by which these 
 are regulated in the vessels of the body : 
 haemostatics. 
 
 I3jeni-o-tex 'I-a,* Hsem-o-tex'is.* 
 
 [From alpa, “blood,” and a “lique- 
 faction.”] Dissolution or liquefaction 
 of the blood. 
 
 Hsem-o-tlio'rax, a 'cis* or Msem'a- 
 
 to-tlio'rax.* [From alpa, “blood,” and 
 6 opal, the “ chest.”] The escape of blood 
 into the thorax, through a wound or 
 otherwise. 
 
 Massiotoxicns. See Hematotoxi- 
 
 CUS. 
 
 Maem-ot'ro-pBiy. [From alpa , 
 
 “blood,” and rpocpfi , “nourishment.”] 
 
 23 
 
 An excess of sanguineous nutriment, as 
 distinguished from hypertrophy and 
 hypereemia. 
 
 If air. [Lat. Capil'lus, and IM'liis; 
 
 Gr. dp’-l; Fr. Foil, pw&L] A substance 
 like horn, growing from the skin of ani- 
 mals, in nearly cylindrical filaments. 
 
 Hair-Dyes. [Tinctu'rae Capil- 
 lo'ruin.] The basis of most of the 
 powders, pastes, and liquids sold under 
 this name, is either lead or silver. To 
 these are sometimes added litharge, 
 slaked lime, and starch. 
 
 Hair, Morbid. See Trichosis. 
 
 Hairy. See Hirsute. 
 
 Hai ry Scalp. That part of the 
 integument of the head which is covered 
 with hairs. 
 
 Halberd-Slrapcd. See Hastate. 
 
 Halcinc. See Halitus. 
 
 Haligrapliia. See Halographia. 
 
 ESafl'I-tio©'. [A corruption of Poly 
 hood.'] A Scotch term for the caul, which 
 was formerly carefully preserved by the 
 superstitions, on account of the many 
 virtues attributed to it. 
 
 Hal'i-tus.* [From lia'lo, hala'tvm , 
 to “breathe,” or “breathe out,” to “ex- 
 hale.”] (Fr. Hcileine, &'len' or &']&n'.) 
 Vapor, or breath. 
 
 Hal'itus ol' the Blood. The vapor 
 which arises from the blood when newly 
 drawn from the body. 
 
 Hal-lu-ci-na lion. [ITallucina'- 
 tio, o 'nis ; from halin' cinor, hallnciva'- 
 tus, to “ mistake.”] Mental error, or 
 foolish imagination. 
 
 Hallos,* Hal lux,- and Hal'Icx.* 
 Names for the great toe. 
 
 Halo, o' vis* [From u'Xwg, a “cir- 
 cle.”] The circle which surrounds the 
 sun, moon, or stars, when their rays are 
 refracted in their passage through a 
 mist. The areola, or brownish circle, 
 around the female nipple. Also, the red 
 margin, or areola , around pustules. 
 
 Hal o*gen, or Ilal o-gene. [From 
 a\g, “salt,” and yewaa), to “produce.”] 
 A term employed by Berzelius to denote 
 bodies which form salts with metals, as 
 chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, and 
 cyanogen. 
 
 Ha-log^ra-ptny. [IFalogra'pbia ; 
 
 from liXg, “salt.” and ypaijfa), to “write.”] 
 A description of salts. 
 
 Haloid. [Maloi'des; from «X?, 
 “salt,” and elSog, a “form.”] Applied to 
 salts compounded of the metals with 
 chlorine, iodine, bromine, because similar 
 in nature or composition to common salt. 
 
 Ma-lol'o-g'y- [Malolo'g’ia ; from 
 ‘237 
 
HAL 
 
 HAS 
 
 a\g, “salt,” and Aoyo;, a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on the salts. 
 
 Ha-lom'e-ter. [Halom'etrnm ; 
 from uA;, “ salt,” and pirpov, a “ mea- 
 sure.”] An instrument for measuring 
 the form, angles, etc., of salts. 
 
 Ha-lopli'I-loiis. [Haloph'ilns ; 
 from uA s, “salt,” and (piXeoj, to “love.”] 
 Delighting in a soil impregnated with 
 salt. Applied to plants. 
 
 Ilal'o-phytes. [Haloph'yta, plural 
 of kaloph'yton ; from "nXg, “ salt,” and (pvroi/, 
 a “plant.”] A class of plants which 
 inhabit salt m irshes, and by combustion 
 yield barilla, as Salsola , Salicornia, and 
 Chenopodi um. 
 
 llalophyton, or Halophytnm. 
 
 See Halophyte. 
 
 Haiorag'aceae,* ha-lor-a-ga'she-e. 
 [From Halor’aqis , one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous plants, 
 found in damp places, ditches, etc. 
 
 Harter,* gen. Hal-fe'ris. [From 
 aXr'ip, an instrument anciently used in 
 gymnastic exercise.] Applied in the 
 nominative plural ( Halte'res ) to two 
 small movable bodies which are situated 
 or hang above the wings in the Diptera. 
 
 Ildl'ur-gy. [Malur'g-ia ; from uAj, 
 “salt,” and ipyov, a “work.”] The pro- 
 cess of forming, extracting, or producing 
 salts. 
 
 Hamameliclacese,* ham-a-mel-e- 
 da'she-e. [From Hamame’lis, one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 trees and shrubs, found in Asia, North 
 America, and Africa. It includes the 
 Witch-Hazel. 
 
 Ha mate. [Hama tas; from ha f - 
 mus, a “ hook.”] A botanical term sig- 
 nifying having a hook, or hooked. 
 
 Haml-form. [Hamiior'inis ; 
 
 from ha'mu8 , a “hook.”] Resembling a 
 hook. 
 
 Ila'mose. [Hamo'sus; from ha' - 
 mus, a “ hook.”] Having a hooked ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 Ilam'string', Out'er. The Biceps 
 flexor cruris muscle. 
 
 Ham'u-lose, or Ham'u-lows. 
 [Ilamulosus; from ham' ulus, a “lit- 
 tle hook.”] Having little hooks. 
 
 Ham’u-liis.* [Diminutive of ha'- 
 mus, a “ hook.”] A little hook. Applied 
 to the hook-like portion of the pterygoid 
 process of the sphenoid bone, or any 
 similar object. 
 
 Handle, hoNsh. The French term 
 for “hip.” See Coxa. 
 
 Hand. [Lat. lla’niis; Fr. Main , 
 maN«.] The organ of prehension in 
 238 
 
 man, extending from the wrist to the 
 extremities of the fingers. It consists 
 of three parts, the Wrist (or Carpus) ^ 
 the Metacarpus, and the Fingers, 
 which will be noticed under their re- 
 spective heads. In Ornithology, it 
 denotes the third portion of the anterior 
 extremity which supports the wing, 
 having one finger, and vestiges of two 
 others. 
 
 Handful. SeeMANiPULUs, Pugillus. 
 
 Hanging. [Snspen'sio, o'w/s.] 
 Suspension by the neck, causing As- 
 phyxia suffocationis. 
 
 Hap-lo-car'dI-ac. [From anX oog, 
 “without fold,” “simple,” or “single,” 
 and Kapdia, a “heart.”] Having a single 
 heart. Applied to fishes, etc., as distin- 
 guished from Mammals, which have a 
 double heart, and are hence termed diplo- 
 cardiac. 
 
 Hap-tot'I-ca.* [From airropai, to 
 “touch.”] The doctrine (or science) of 
 the phenomena of touch, or sensation. 
 
 Har'der-i CHan'du-la.* (“ Gland 
 of Harder.”) A gland in ruminant and 
 pachydermatous quadrupeds, and in 
 birds, near the inner angle of the eye. 
 
 Hare'-Lip. [Lat. La bium ILepo- 
 ri'num ; Fr. Bee de Lieore, bek d§h 
 le-evu'.] A congenital cleft, or division, 
 of one or both lips, most frequently the 
 upper. It is sometimes double. 
 
 Margate, haRn. A French term for 
 Hernia, which see. 
 
 Ilar'ina-Iane. A beautiful coloring 
 substance obtained from the seed of the 
 hermal-plant ( Pecjanwn harmala), which 
 grows wild in the salt steppes of the 
 Crimea. 
 
 llar'mo-ny. [Harmo'nia ; from 
 
 apfx6,(o, to “adapt.”] A variety of Syn- 
 arthrosis, denoting a simple joining to- 
 gether, as the nasal and 'other bones of 
 the face. 
 
 Har. pil. sum. iij. = Ha'rum pilu- 
 la'rum suman'tur tres .* “Let three of 
 these pills be taken.” 
 
 Hartshorn. The horn of certain 
 kinds of the hart, or stag. The sub- 
 stance Cornu Cervi. The popular name 
 for Liquor Ammonise, or Am monies Aqua. 
 
 Ilar'vest £$ug‘. The Ac'arus Au- 
 tumna'lis. A variety of the tick insect 
 which infests the skin in tho autumn, 
 producing intolerable itching, succeeded 
 by glossy wheals. It is also called the 
 wheal-worm. 
 
 BlasliiKli, or Has^hiiscli, ha sheesh'. 
 A preparation of Cannabis Indira , or 
 hemp, used as an intoxicating drug by the 
 
HAS 
 
 H KB 
 
 Arabs, and generally throughout Syria. 
 It is made by boiling the leaves and 
 flowers of the plant with water and fresh 
 butter. See Bhang. 
 
 Has'tate. [Masta'tus; from has'ta , 
 a “spear.”J Like a spear, or halberd. 
 
 ilas-tl-loli-ous. [Hastifblius ; 
 from has'ta, a “ spear/’ and /o' Hum, a 
 “ leaf.”] Having hastate leaves. 
 
 Has-ti-ibr'mis.* [From has'ta, a 
 “ spear.”] Resembling a spear : hastate. 
 
 Mauneh. [Lat.Clu'nis; Fr. Hanche, 
 hoNsh.] The region formed by the late- 
 ral parts of the pelvis and the lup joint; 
 the hip. 
 
 Maust. = Haus'tus* “A draught.” 
 
 Haus tus. i: [From hau'rio, haus'- 
 tum, to “ drink greedily.”] A liquid 
 preparation forming one dose, generally 
 about two ounces in quantity ; a draught. 
 
 Ilaut Mai, ho m&L A French term 
 for epilepsy in its full development, that 
 is, accompanied with convulsions. See 
 Epilepsy. 
 
 Ha-ve'ri Glan'du-lae.* (“ Glands 
 of Haver.”) See next article. 
 
 Haversian (ha-ver'she-an) Glands. 
 TJie name of the fatty bodies which are 
 found in connection with most of the 
 joints, and in general lying behind the 
 synovial fringes. Havers supposed them 
 to be the agents of the synovial secretion, 
 and called them glandules mucilaginosse. 
 "W eitbrecht called them adipo-glandulosse. 
 
 Haver si a si Tubes, or Calais'. A 
 term given, from the name of their dis- 
 coverer, to a very complicated apparatus 
 of minute canals, found in the substance 
 of bone, and containing medullary mat- 
 ter. The central canal, as well as the 
 separate cells, may be regarded as en- 
 largements of them. 
 
 Hb. = Her’ba .* “The plant.” 
 
 H. d. or «lecmb. = Ho'rd decu'bitus .* 
 “At going to bed.” 
 
 Mead. [Lat. Ca'puf; Gr. KE(ba\fi; 
 Fr. Tete , tet or tat.] In higher animals, 
 that portion which contains the brain, 
 with the chief organs of sense, as sight, 
 hearing, etc., as well as the mouth and 
 organs of mastication. In lower animals, 
 it contains the mouth, or opening to the 
 stomach, and the principal organs of 
 sense when these exist. The human 
 head is distinguished into cranium and 
 face. The term “ head” is often applied to 
 the upper end of a long bone, the origin 
 of a muscle, the beginning of a part, or 
 to any round protuberance which can 
 be supposed to resemble a head. 
 
 Head'ache. [Ceplialal'gia.] Pain 
 
 in the head, differently denominated 
 according to the part affected, or its 
 cause. See Bhang 
 
 Mead ing. A preparation of equal 
 parts of alum and green vitriol, used in 
 brewing. 
 
 Health. [San it as.] The proper 
 disposition and condition of the several 
 parts of the body for performing their 
 functions without impediment or sensa- 
 tion of weariness. 
 
 Heartily Pus. That discharged 
 from abscesses, the result of phlegmo- 
 nous inflammation; or from wounds and 
 ulcers in the healing state ; laudable pus. 
 
 Hear'ing. [A ml it us.] That sense 
 by which sounds are distinguished, the 
 organ of which is the ear. 
 
 Hearing, Morbid. See Paracusis. 
 
 Heart. [Lat. Cor, Cor'dis; Gr. 
 sapdia; Fr. Coevr, kuu.] A hollow mus- 
 cular viscus situated between the lungs, 
 but more under the left one, and en- 
 closed in the pericardium ; from w hich 
 proceeds the circulation of the blood. In 
 man and in other Mammals, it is double, 
 that is, it consists of two parts, the right 
 ventricle and auricle for the pulmonic 
 circulation, and the left ventricle and 
 auricle for the general or systemic cir- 
 culation. 
 
 Meart'-Rnrn. The popular name for 
 
 Cardialgia. 
 
 Heart 1 '-Shaped. The same as Cor- 
 date. 
 
 Meat. In a general sense, the same 
 as Caloric. Heat in a mild form is ne- 
 cessary to the life of plants and animals. 
 In the latter, the needful temperature is 
 in part furnished by the respiratory 
 apparatus. Heat is also one of the most 
 important agents the chemist or phar- 
 macist can command, for effecting both 
 chemical union and decomposition, ac- 
 cording to the manner in which it is 
 applied, or the character of the substance 
 submitted to its action. 
 
 Meat, Ab'so-lnte. The whole quan- 
 tity of caloric existing in a body ; abso- 
 lute caloric. 
 
 Heat, Animal. See Calor Anima- 
 
 LIS. 
 
 Meat, latent. See Caloric, Latent. 
 
 Meat, Pricfc'ly. Common term for 
 the Lichen tropicus . 
 
 Heat, Sensible. See Caloric, Free, 
 
 Meat-Spots. See JE states. 
 
 Heavy Spar. See Baryta. 
 
 Mebd. — Ilebdom' ada.* “ A week.” 
 
 Me 'be.* [Gr. “down,” or “inci- 
 pient beard;” hence, “youth.”] Youth; 
 
 239 
 
IIEB 
 
 HEL 
 
 or the goddess of Youth, fabled by the 
 ancients to have been cup-bearer to 
 Jupiter. 
 
 He-be-an ' thus.* [From h6n,“ youth,” 
 “down,” and avdog, a “flower.”] Having 
 tomentose corols : hebean'thous. 
 
 Heb-e-carpus.* [From riSn, “youth,” 
 “down,” and xapndg, “fruit.”] Having 
 pubescent fruits : hebecar'pous. 
 
 He-bec'la-dus.* [From/ £>7, “youth,” 
 “down,” and xXddog, a “branch.”] Hav- 
 ing pubescent branches : hebec'ladous. 
 
 He-beg“'y«itus.* [From >,Sr], “youth,” 
 “down,” and ywri, a “woman,” or “fe- 
 male.”] Having pubescent ovaries : he- 
 beg'ynous. 
 
 Heb-e-pet'a-lns.* [From rjSrj, 
 “ youth,” “ down,” and ukraXov, a “ petal.”] 
 Having pubescent petals : hebepet'alous. 
 
 He-bet'i-cus.* [From iPn, “youth.” 
 or “ puberty.”] Belonging to puberty ; 
 youthful : hebet'ic. 
 
 Heb'e-tude. [Hebetu'do, dims.] 
 Dulness, or insensibility. 
 
 Heb-ra-den'droai Fam-bo-gl-o-i'« 
 dcs.* A guttiferous plant, whichyields 
 a kind of gamboge not distinguishable 
 from that of Siam. See Gamboge. 
 
 Ilec-a-to-phyl'lus.* [From ixarov, 
 a “hundred,” and (pvXSov , a “leaf,”] 
 Having leaves composed of a hundred 
 (or a great number of) folioles: heca- 
 tophyl'lous. 
 
 Hectic. [Hec'ticus; from £%ig, 
 “Jhabit.”] (Fr. Hectique , ek'tek', or 
 Etique, At&k'.) Belonging to habit or 
 state of body, as distinguished from dis- 
 eases which are the result of miasma or 
 contagion. 
 
 Hec'tic Fe'ver. [Lat. Fe'bris 
 Ilec'tica; Fr. Fievre Hectique , feAvu' 
 ek't&k'.] A slow, insidious fever, idio- 
 pathic or symptomatic ; the latter arising 
 in consequence of some incurable local 
 disease. 
 
 Hec-ti-co-pyr'e-tos,* or Ilcc-tl- 
 cop'y-ra.* [From ejjig, “habit,” and 
 7 rup, or nvpcrog, a “fever.”] Hectic fever. 
 
 Hec'to-g , r&msiie. [Hectogram'- 
 
 ma, a tie; from ixarov , a “hundred,” 
 and gramme .] 100 grammes; equal to 3 
 oz 8 dr. 2.152 gr. avoirdupois. 
 
 Hectolitre, ek'to'l&tr'. [From hxardv, 
 a “hundred,” and li'tre.\ 100 litres; 
 equal to 3.5377 English cubic feet, or 
 22 Imperial gallons, or 2£ Imperial 
 bushels. 
 
 Hectometre, liek-to-me'ter or ek'to'- 
 metR'. [From Uclt6v, a “hundred,” and 
 miltre.] 100 metres; or 109 yards, 1 
 foot, 1 inch. 
 
 240 
 
 He-de-o'inaJ American Penny, 
 royal. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the herb of the Hedeoma pule - 
 gioides. Pennyroyal is a stimulant aro- 
 matic and emmenagogue. 
 
 Hedeo ma Pu-le-gt-o-i'des.** The 
 systematic name of the plant Pennyroyal. 
 See preceding article. 
 
 Hed'e-ra He'lix.* (Fr. Lierre , 
 le-er'.) The systematic name of the ivy. 
 
 Hed-e-ra'ceous. [Hedera'ceus; 
 from Hed’era y the “ivy.”] Resembling 
 the Hedera , or ivy. 
 
 Hedg’e-Hys'sop. Common name 
 for Gratiola officinalis. 
 
 Hel-coc'a-^e.* [From 2Avo;, an 
 “ulcer,” and Koncn, “corruption.”] Ma- 
 lignant ulcer. 
 
 Hel-co'des.* [From 'iXxog , an “ulcer.”] 
 Having ulcers, or full of ulcers. 
 
 S3el-£oe-de'ma, a tig.* [From 2A<coj, 
 an “ulcer,” and olSn/ia, a “tumor.”] 
 (Edematous ulceration. 
 
 Mel'coid. [Helcoi'des; from e\ xog, 
 an “ulcer,” and ddog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling an ulcer. 
 
 Mel-col'o-gy. [Helcolo'g-ia; from 
 2A xog, an “ulcer,” and A oyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] A history of ulcers. 
 
 Hel-co-me'ni-a.* [From e\ xog, an 
 “ulcer,” and /u f\v, a “month.”] Metas- 
 tasis of the catamenia to an ulcer ; a 
 sort of vicarious menstruation. 
 
 HeI-copb-tlfra3'mi-a.* [From eXxog, 
 an “ulcer,” and ofiOaXpdg, the “eye.”] 
 Ulcerous ophthalmia. 
 
 Hel-co'sis.* [From e\ xog, an “ulcer.”] 
 The progress of ulceration. 
 
 Hel'e-nin, or Hel'e-nine. Elecam- 
 pane Camphor. A volatile, crystalline 
 solid, obtained from the In'ula hele'- 
 nium. 
 
 Hd-i-an'the-mnm.* Frostwort. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the herb of the Helianthemum Cana- 
 dense. 
 
 Hcl-i-co'des.* [From rAf£, a “coil,” 
 or any thing spiral.] Full of windings: 
 hel'icose. 
 
 Hel'i-coid. [Helicoi'des: from 
 
 £Af£, a “coil,” and ado,, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling that which is spiral. 
 
 He-lic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of he'lix, 
 or ?Ai|, a “coil.”] Applied in the plural 
 ( Helic'uli ) to the spiral vessels of plants: 
 a hel'icule. 
 
 He-li-o-^en'tric. [Iloliocen'tri- 
 
 eus; from /jA tog, the “sun,” and xanpo <6g, 
 “centric.”] Having the sun for the 
 centre, or point of observation. 
 
 Hc-li-o-i deS.* [From rjAtof, tho 
 
HEL 
 
 HEL 
 
 “ sun/*’ and zl<*og, a “form.”] Resembling 
 the sun : he'lioid. 
 
 He-li-om'e-ter. [Meliom'etrum ; 
 
 from iiXiog, the “sun,” and pzrpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring the apparent diameter of the 
 sun. 
 
 Heli-O'scope. [Mefliosco'piiim; 
 
 from )j\ tog, the “sun,” and aKoirzto, to “ob- 
 serve.”] An instrument for observing 
 the sun. 
 
 Me ' li-o-stat .* [From flXtog, the “ sun,” 
 and iJTrim, to “stand,” to “cause to stand 
 still.”] An instrument by which the 
 sunbeam can be steadily directed to one 
 spot during the whole of its diurnal 
 period. 
 
 Ile-li-o-tro'pi-ous. [Heliota*o'pi- 
 iis; from »j Xtog, the “sun,” and rpezej, to 
 “turn.”] Applied to plants, the flowers 
 of which turn constantly towards the 
 sun. 
 
 He'li-o-tro-pis'mus.* [From rXiog, 
 the “sun,” and rpi noo, to “turn.”] That 
 faculty by which certain plants con- 
 stantly turn their flowers to the sun : 
 heliot'ropism. 
 
 Me'lix, ids .* [Gr. At£; from ziXzw, 
 to “wind about.”] Literally, a “coil,” 
 or any thing spiral. The outer border 
 of the Pinna, or external car. Also, the 
 snail, a genus of Mollusca , order Pul- 
 monea. 
 
 Mel-le-bo-ra'ceous. [Mellebora'- 
 ceus.] Having an arrangement of parts 
 as in Helleborus. 
 
 Mel'le-bore. [Gr. zXXeSopog .] A plant. 
 See Helleborus. 
 
 Mefllebore, American. See Vera- 
 TRUM VlRIDE. 
 
 Mel-lobo're-us.* Belonging to 
 
 hellebore. 
 
 Mel-leb'o-rin, or Mel-leb'o-rine. 
 
 An acrid oil, said to contain the acrid 
 principle of the Helleborus niger , black 
 hellebore, or Christmas rose. 
 
 Hel-leb'o-rus.* [From zXziv, to 
 “ destroy,” and Popa, “fodder”?] Black 
 Hellebore. A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Polyandria, natural order Ranun- 
 culacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 for the rhizoma of Hclleb'orus officina'lis, 
 or H. niger ; the Hellebori Nigri Radix 
 (“Root of Black Hellebore”) of the 
 Dublin Pharmacopoeia. Hellebore is a 
 drastic hydragogue cathartic; it also 
 possesses emmenagogue properties. 
 
 Helleb'orus Arbus.* The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (Dub. Ph.) of white 
 hellebore root. See Veratrum Album. 
 
 Melleb'orus Fcet'I-dus.* (“ Foetid 
 21 * 
 
 Hellebore.”) Bear’s-Foot. The leaves 
 have been extolled as a remedy for tho 
 Ascaris lumbricoides. Little used. 
 
 llelleb'orus Ni'ger,* Mclleb'o- 
 rus Of-fi$-X-na'lis.* Systematic names 
 of black hellebore, or Melampodium. 
 
 llelleb'orus O-ri-en-ta'lis.* (“Ori- 
 ental Hellebore.”) The root was formerly 
 extolled in mania, epilepsy, and dropsy. 
 It is still used in the Levant. 
 
 Mel-min'tlfla-gbgue. [Slelinin- 
 tbag’o'g'us; from zXptvg, zXptvQog, a 
 “worm,” and aya>, to “carry or drive 
 away.”] The same as Anthelmintic. 
 
 Mcl-min'tlies.* [From zXptvg, ’eXptv- 
 Oog , a “worm.”] A class or division in 
 Zoology, including the various kinds of 
 worms. 
 
 Mel-min-tlii'a-sis,* or Hel-min 
 
 tbl-a.* [From zXptvg, zXpuOog, a “worm.”] 
 The breeding of worms, or larvae, in any 
 part of the body. 
 
 Mebiiiiii'tliic. [Mclniin'tliicus; 
 
 from tXpuvg, eXpivdog, a “worm.”] Be- 
 longing to worms. 
 
 Hcl-miu-fbo'de&.* [From zXptvg, a 
 “worm.”] Having worms, or full of 
 worms. 
 
 5Iel-niiu'tboid. [Helminthoi'- 
 
 <les; from zXptvg, a “worm,” and ztbog, a 
 “form.”] Resembling a worm. 
 
 Mel-Buiu-tbol'o-syy- [Melmintlio- 
 
 lo'gia : from zXptvg, a “ worm,” and Xdyog , 
 a “discourse.”] A treatise on worms, — 
 particularly intestinal worms; that 
 branch of medicine which treats of in- 
 testinal worms. 
 
 I9cl-miii-tbopb'tbi-sis.* [From 
 zXptvg, a “worm,” and <pQictg, a “wasting 
 away.”] Tabes verminosa , or wasting 
 from the presence of intestinal worms. 
 
 Mel-min-tbop'y-ra.* [From zXptvg, 
 a “worm,” and nvp, orn vpzrog, a “fever.”} 
 Worm-fever. 
 
 Me-lo'bi-us.* [From Ao?, a “marsh,” 
 a “pool,” and piog, “life.”] Living on 
 moisture; aquatic. 
 
 IJe-lo'des.* [From zXog, a “marsh,” 
 a “pool.”] Full of moisture. Applied 
 to a fever with profuse sweating; also, 
 to marsh fever. 
 
 Me-l*>p'y-ra.* [From zXog, a “marsh,” 
 and 7 r pzTog, a “ fever.”] Marsh or swamp 
 fever. 
 
 Me'los.* [Gr. JjXog ; Lat. ClaH^us, a 
 “nail.”] A name given to the tumor 
 formed by prolapsus, or procidentia iridis 9 
 supposed to resemble a nail. 
 
 Melwing-iacese,* hel-win-je-a'- 
 she-e. A natural order of exogenous 
 shrubs, which appears to be composed 
 241 
 
HEM 
 
 HEN 
 
 of a single genus, Helwin' gia, found in 
 Japan. 
 
 Hemacyanin, or Hematocyanin. 
 
 See Hematocyanina. 
 
 Hemal. See H^mal. 
 
 Memaproetie, Ama'prok'te'. [From 
 alun, “blood,” and npuKTog, the “anus.”] 
 The French term for Piles, which see. 
 
 Hematic. See Haematic. 
 
 Hematite. See Haematite. 
 
 Hem-e-ra-lo'pl-a.* [From ii/xspa, a 
 “day,” and oixp, the “eye.”] A defect 
 of vision, by which objects are seen only 
 in broad daylight: day-sight; night- 
 blindness. 
 
 Hem - e-ra- plio ' iis-a. * [From vpepa, 
 a “day,” a, priv., and (pwri , the “voice.”] 
 Loss of voice during the day. 
 
 Hem-e-rod'ro-imis.* [From fjpepa , 
 a “ day,” and dpipjg, a “ course.”] Applied 
 to a fever which runs its course in a 
 day. The same as Ephemerus. 
 
 Hem »e- r o t-y-pSilo 'sis.* [From 
 
 ripzpa, a “day,” and rvfpXcjjig, “blind- 
 ness.”] Day-blindness, or Nyctalopia. 
 
 Hein-i-car'pus.* [From npiavg, the 
 “half,” and Kapndg, “fruit.”] Each por- 
 tion of a fruit which naturally separates 
 itself into halves. 
 
 Hean-i-$epli'a-liis.* [From ypiavg, 
 “half,” and <epa\fi, a “head.”] A mon- 
 ster-foetus with half a head. 
 
 IIem»i-cra'ni-a. ;!: ' [From vpurvg, 
 “half,” and Kpan/iov , the “head.”] (Fr. 
 Migraine , mAgRen' or me'guan'.) A 
 severe pain, generally hysterical, nervous, 
 or bilious, affecting one half or side of 
 the head ; a megrim. 
 
 Hem-i-cran'I-cus.* Belonging to 
 hemicrania. 
 
 SEem-I-rtes'amis In'di-cus.* An 
 
 asclepiadaceous plant, the root of which 
 is used in India under the name of 
 Country Sarsap irilla. It has been called 
 Indian or Scented Sarsaparilla, or the 
 root of Smilax aspera. 
 
 BIem-i-lie'<lral. or Hem-i-ed'ric. 
 [From r\M(j )g, a “ half,” and edpa, a“ base.”] 
 II iving half faces, or facets.' 
 
 Hem-I-o-piil'gi-a.* [From fyuo-u;, a 
 “ half,” w’^/, the “ eye,” and a\yog, “ pain.”] 
 Ilemicranic pain of the eye. 
 
 Hem-i-op'sy. [Hemiop'sia, Hem- 
 io'pia; from "ipta >g, a “half,” dnropai, to 
 “see/* or 6*//, the “eye.”] Defect of 
 vision, under which only the half of 
 objects is seen. 
 
 Hem-I-plex'I-^.* 
 
 [From ripicr >g , a “ half,” and nXncmi), to 
 “strike.”] Paralysis, affecting one half or 
 side of the body ; paralysis he/niplegica. 
 242 
 
 Hem-i-plegr'ic. [Hemipleg > 'icns.] 
 
 Belonging to hemiplegia. 
 
 Memiplexicius. See Hemiplegia. 
 
 He-mip'ter-a. ;S [See Hemipterus.] 
 Insects which have one half of their 
 wings thick and coriaceous, and the 
 other half membranous, as the bug, 
 tick, etc. 
 
 Hem-ip' ter-o-lo'gi-a.* [From r\pi- 
 avg, a “half,” n-ipov, a “wing,” and Aoyoj, 
 a “discourse.”] A treatise on the He - 
 miptera. 
 
 Hem-ip'ter-ows. [Hemip' terns; 
 
 from hfjuavg, a “half,” and nripor, a 
 “wing.”] Half-winged. Applied to an 
 order of insects. See Hemiptera. 
 
 Hem'i-spHiere. [From r/inrvg, a 
 “half,” and ctiaipa, a “sphere.”] The 
 half of a sphere. Applied in Anatomy to 
 the two portions which constitute the 
 upper portion of the cerebrum. They are 
 separated by the /a/.r cerebri. 
 
 He-mit'ro-pous. [Hemat'ropus ; 
 from ripicrvg, a “half,” and rpsiro), to 
 “turn.”] Applied to a crystal formed 
 of two parts or halves regularly united, 
 but as if the superior had undergone a 
 revolution upon the inferior. 
 
 Mem'lock. The Conium maculatum. 
 
 Hemlock PiteSi. The Fix Cana- 
 densis. 
 
 Hemoptysie, Amop't£'z&'. The 
 French term for Hemoptysis, which 
 see. 
 
 Hemorrhage. See Hemorrhage. 
 
 Hemorrhagic, Amo'r&'zh&'. The 
 French term for Hemorrhagia, which 
 
 see. 
 
 H€morrhoides, Amo'ro'ed'. A 
 French term for Piles, which see. 
 
 Hemp. See Cannabis. 
 
 Memp'-Seetl Cal'cn-lus. The name 
 of some varieties of the mulberry cal- 
 culus, which are remarkably smooth and 
 pale-colored, resembling hemp-seed. 
 
 Henbane. [Hyoscy'anms.] A 
 powerful narcotic plant, said to be poison- 
 ous to the domestic fowl. See Hyoscya- 
 mus. 
 
 Hen'bane, Black. The Hyoscyamus 
 
 niger. 
 
 Hen-Blind 'ness. [Nyctalo'pia.] 
 
 So termed because hens are said to be 
 subject to it. 
 
 Hen-dec'a-gon. [Hen<d (Hjago'- 
 
 1111111 ; from tvdaca , “eleven,” and yavia, 
 an “angle.”] A figure having eleven 
 equal angles and sides. 
 
 Hcbiiic, hen'neh. A substance pro- 
 cured in Egypt from the Lawso'nia Ine/- 
 mi8, with which the women stain their 
 
HEP 
 
 HEP 
 
 fingers and feet. Also used for dyeing 
 skins of a reddish yellow. 
 
 He'par,** gen. Hep'a-tis. [From 
 fjTrupy '.narog, the “ liver.”] The liver, or or- 
 gan which secretes the bile. (See Liver.) 
 The term hepar, or “ liver,” was formerly 
 applied to the combinations of sulphur 
 with alkalies, from their liver-like appear- 
 ance. 
 
 He'par An-ti-mo'nl-i.* (“ Li ver of 
 
 Antimony.”) An oxy-sulphuret of anti- 
 mon}'. 
 
 He'par Cal'cis,* called also Ual'cis 
 Sul-phu-re'tam.* A crude bisul- 
 phuret of calcium, recommended as an 
 external application to Crusta lactea. 
 
 Me'par Sail'pEfitrar-is.'* (“ Liver of 
 Sulphur.”) The old Pharmaceutical name 
 of a liver-brown sulphuret of potash. 
 
 Ilep-a-t«I gS-a.* [From map, the 
 "liver,” and u\ yog, “pain.”] Pain af- 
 fecting the liver. See IIepatodynia. 
 
 Mep-a-taux'e. 5- [From map, the 
 “ liver,” and av^rj, “increase.”] En- 
 largement of the liver. 
 
 Hep-a-teiii-plhrax'is.* [From map, 
 the “liver,” and ep <ppa%ig, “obstruction.”] 
 Obstruction of the liver. 
 
 Mep-at-ha?m-or-rfiiia'ga-a.* [From 
 map, the “ liver,” and alpofpayia, an 
 “ eruption of blood.”] Haemorrhage 
 from the liver. 
 
 Ilep-at-fiiel-eo'sis.* [From map, 
 the “liver,” and eXscacng, “ulceration.”] 
 Ulceration of the liver. 
 
 Me-pat'ic. [Hepat'icos; from 
 map, maro;, the “liver.”] Belonging to 
 the liver. Applied to vessels, ducts, etc. 
 
 Mepat'ic Air. Another name for 
 sulphuretted hydrogen gas ; so called, it 
 would seem, because commonly produced 
 by the action of muriatic acid on the 
 Hepar Antimonii. 
 
 Mepat'ic Flux. Bilious Flux. The 
 name given in the East to a variety of 
 dysentery, in which there is a frequent 
 flow of bilious fluid from the bowels. 
 
 He*pat'i-ca. ;j [From hepat'icus , “ be- 
 longing to the liver.”] Liverwort. A 
 genus of plants belonging to the Linnaean 
 class Polyandria, natural order Ranuncu- 
 tacese, so named on account of its sup- 
 posed medicinal virtues in hepatic affec- 
 tions. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of the Hepat'ica 
 America' na. 
 
 He-pat'a-$ae.* A natural order of 
 flowerless plants, related to Mosses, found 
 in damp, shady places. 
 
 He-pat i-co-col'i-cus.* [From, he- 
 pat'icus, “hepatic,” and col'icus, “of 
 
 the colon.”] Belonging to the liver and 
 colon. 
 
 He-pat'I-eo-re-na'lis.* [From he- 
 pat'icus, “ hepatic,” and rena'lis, “of the 
 kidney.”] Belonging to the liver and 
 kidney. 
 
 Hcpaticus. See Hepatic. 
 
 riep-a-tir-rhde'a.* [From map, the 
 “liver,” and pzu), to “ flow.”] A purging, 
 with bilious evacuations. See Hepa- 
 
 TORRHCEA. 
 
 Hepatite. See Hepatitis. 
 
 Hep-a-tit'I-cus.* Belonging to 
 
 hepatitis. 
 
 Mep-a-ti'tis, i 'dis* [From map, the 
 “liver;” Fr. Hepatite, &'p&'tet\] Inflam- 
 mation of the liver. A genus of the order 
 Phlegmasise, class Pyrexise, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Mep-a-ti-za ' t ion. [If epat iza'tio, 
 
 o'nie ; from i.trap, the “ liver.”] A change 
 of structure in the lungs, or other tex- 
 ture, into a liver-like substance. 
 
 II<‘p'a-to-<£ele. ;i: ' [From map, the 
 “liver,” and Kf/Xrj, a “tumor.”] Hernia, 
 in which a part of the liver protrudes 
 through the abdominal parietes. 
 
 Mep-a-to-<ly n 'I-a.* [F rom faap, the 
 “liver,” and ocvsr], “pain.”] Chronic 
 pain in the liver. Nearly the same as 
 hepatalgia. 
 
 Mep-a-to-gas'tric. [From faap, the 
 “liver,” and yaarrip, the “stomach.”] A 
 term applied to the smaller omentum, 
 which passes from the liver to the stoma< h. 
 
 Heji-a-tog'ra-phy. [Kepatogra'- 
 pSiia ; from map, the v liver,” and ypiityu, 
 to “ write.”] A description of the liver, 
 its attachments, functii ns, etc. 
 
 Mep-a-t©l'2‘£Bius.* [From 'map, the 
 “ liver,” and XiOog, a “ stone.”] Calculus 
 or concretion in the liver. 
 
 Mep-a- tol 'o-gy . [Hepatol© gia ; 
 from map, the “liver,” and A oyo;, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on the liver; the 
 science which treats of the anatomy, 
 functions, and diseases of the liver. 
 
 Hep-a-t©«'cus.* [From map, the 
 “liver,” and oy/coj, a “ swelling.”] Chronic 
 hepatitis, or swelling of the liver. 
 
 Mep-a-to-plt leg 'inoii, or BSep-a- 
 to-plileg'mo-iie.* [From map , the 
 “liver,” and (bXeyporrj, “inflammation.”] 
 The same as Hepatitis. 
 
 Mep-a-topli'tlii-sis,* or Uep-a- 
 t©pfa'tli©-e.* [From map, the “liver,” 
 and (pdiatg, “consumption,” or (fQorj, a 
 “wasting.”] Consumption, decay, or 
 wasting, of the liver. 
 
 Hep-a-topli-tlfio'i-eus.* Of, or be- 
 longing to, hepatophthde. 
 
 243 
 
HEP 
 
 HER 
 
 Hep-a-to-pby'ma.*' [From {'nap, 
 the “liver,” and cpvpa, a “suppurating 
 tumor.”] A suppuration of the liver. 
 
 IIe2>-a-tor-rIia / ^i-a.- ;: ' [From i.nap, 
 the “ liver,” and ppyeopi, to “ hurst forth.”] 
 A discharge (of blood) from the liver. 
 
 Hep-a-tor-rliex'is.** [From I.nap, 
 the “liver,” and pn^s, a- “rupture.”] 
 Rupture of the liver. 
 
 Ilep-a^tor-rlioe a. ;: ' [F rom {'nap, the 
 “liver,” and pern, to “ flow.”] A flow of 
 blood from the liver. 
 
 IIei>-a-t©-to'iBii-a, :;: * or Mep-a-tot'o- 
 my. [From Trap, the “liver,” and rkyuoj, 
 to “cut.”] Dissection of the liver, or 
 cutting into the liver. 
 
 Mep'ta-gon. [Heptago'mim ; 
 from birr a, “ seven,” and yu>Aa, an “ an- 
 gle.”] A plane figure having seven 
 equal angles and sides. 
 
 Hep-t^gyn'i-ous. [Hejitagyn'- 
 ius; from inra, “seven,” and yovri , a 
 “ woman,” or “ female.”] Having seven 
 pistils. 
 
 IIe|>-tan'drI-a.* [From in rd, “ sev- 
 en,” and avnp, avbpo;, a “ man,” or “ male.”] 
 The seventh Linnsean class of plants, in- 
 cluding those which have seven stamens 
 in each flower. 
 
 IIi‘l>-tan '«1 ri-oiis, or Hep-tan'- 
 [ Blcpl aifdrius : from the 
 same.] Having seven stamens. 
 
 Hep 4 a-pet'a-loiis. [Heptapet'- 
 alas; from inra, “seven,” and ir krdkoj, 
 a “ petal.”] Having seven petals. 
 
 llej>-ta-3»hyl ' leas. [ Ileptaphyl 
 Ins; from inra, “seven,” and (pvWoj, a 
 “ leaf.”] Having seven leaves. 
 
 B I (*]>- ta- pleii' r us. i: [From inra, 
 “seven,” and n\ capos, a “rib.”] Having 
 seven ribs. 
 
 IIe2>-ta-sei>'a^lus. :: ' : ‘ [From inra, 
 “ seven,” and sep'alum, a “ sepal.”] Hav- 
 ing seven sepals: heptasep'alous. 
 
 Ilep-ta-sper'iiiaus. [Heph^- 
 
 sper'imas; from inra, “seven,” and 
 onsppa, a “ seed.”] Having seven seeds. 
 
 Mer-ba.* (Fr. Herbe, eub.) An herb. 
 A plant with a soft and succulent stalk, 
 which dies to the root every year. A 
 plant of which the stem does not become 
 woody and persistent. 
 
 ller-ba'ciMKis. [Herba'cens.] 
 Having soft stalks, and perishing to the 
 root each year ; of the nature of an herb. 
 
 Jler-ba'ri-wm.* [From her'ba , an 
 “herb,” and -arium, a Latin termination 
 denoting a repository, or the place where 
 any thing is kept. See Ovarium.] (Fr. 
 Jfferbier , er'bcA'.) A collection of dried 
 specimens of plants: a Hortus siccus. 
 
 244 
 
 Herbe. See Herba. 
 
 Herbier. See Herbarium. 
 
 Her-biv'o-rous. [Herbiv'orus ; 
 
 from her'ba, an “herb,” and vo'ro, to 
 “devour.”] Feeding on herbs. 
 
 Ilereditaire. See Hereditary. 
 
 He-red'I-ta-ry. [Hjeredita'rius ; 
 from fix' res, hsere'dis, an “heir.”] (Fr. 
 Hereditaire, ArAde'teR'.) Derived by 
 inheritance ; transmitted from parent to 
 offspring. 
 
 Mer-mapli'ro-dlte. [Ilerniapb- 
 rodi'tus; Hermaphroditus was fabled 
 to be the son of Her'mes (or Mercury) 
 and Aphrodi'te (or Venus), and to have 
 united both sexes in one person.] One 
 in whom either the male organs of gen- 
 eration are too slightly, or the female 
 too highly 7 , developed, in either case ap- 
 proaching in size and resemblance those 
 of the opposite sex. Applied in Botany 
 to a flower which contains stamens and 
 pistils within the same calyx and petals. 
 
 ller-mapfr-ro-dlt'ic. [Hemiapb- 
 rodit'icus.J Belonging to a hermaph- 
 rodite. 
 
 ller-met'ic, or Her-met i-cal. 
 [Mermet'icus ; from 'E pprjg, Mercury, 
 who is said to have invented chemistry.] 
 Belonging to chemistry. 
 
 Hermet'ic Seal. The closing of 
 the end of a glass vessel or tube, while 
 in a state of fusion. 
 
 Mer-mo-dac'ty-liis.* The ancient 
 name of a plant supposed to be colchicum. 
 
 Iler'Bal-a.* [From r/voj, a “ branch, or 
 something given off.”] (Fr. Haryne, 
 hann, or Hernie, eR'n&'.) In popular 
 language, a “rupture;” a tumor formed 
 by the protrusion of any of the viscera 
 of the abdomen beyond its parietes; also, 
 displacement of any part from its normal 
 cavity. A genus of the order Ectopix, 
 class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Her'nia Cer'ebri.* (“ Hernia of 
 the Brain.”) Protrusion of the sub- 
 stance of the brain through the fontanels, 
 or through an opening made by a frac- 
 ture, a trephine, etc. 
 
 IIer'nia. Congen'ital. [Her'nia Con- 
 yen' ita.] Hernia existing at birth. 
 
 IIer'nia Crura'lis.* (“Crural Her- 
 nia.”) Femoral hernia, or a protrusion 
 under Poupart’s ligament. The passage 
 through which the lnrnia descends is 
 variously called the crural, or femoral, 
 ring, and crural canal. 
 
 Her'nia Humora'lis.* (“Humoral 
 Hernia.”) Acute inflammation of the 
 testicle, or swelled testicle. See Or- 
 chitis. 
 
HER 
 
 HET 
 
 Her'nia, In'guinal. [ Her'nia Ingui- 
 na'lis.] Bubonocele, or hernia at the 
 groin. It is termed incomplete , or ob- 
 lique, when it does not protrude through 
 the abdominal ring, and complete , or 
 direct, when it passes out at that opening. 
 
 Her'nia, Umbil'ical. [ Her'nia Um- 
 bilica'lis.] Omphalocele, or exomphalos. 
 Hernia of the bowels at the umbilicus. 
 
 Her'nia Varico'sa.* (“Varicose Her- 
 nia.”) Another name for Gircocele. 
 
 Ilerniaire. See Hernfal. 
 
 IXer'ni-al. (Fr. Herniaire, er'n&'eR', 
 H irnie, eii'n^A', or Hernieux , eR'n&'uh'.) 
 Belonging to hernia. 
 
 IXernie. See Hernia. 
 
 Ilernie OuiMlacale. See Hernia, 
 Umbilical. 
 
 IXerni£. See Hernial. 
 
 Meriiieux. See Hernial. 
 
 Iler-ni-ot'o-my. [Heriiioto'mia ; 
 
 from her'nia , and re pro), to “cut.”] The 
 operation for strangulated hernia. 
 
 Xle-ro'ic. [Hero'iciis; from rpcog, 
 a “hero.”] Applied to certain remedies 
 from their potency or severity. 
 
 Her'pes, e'tis .* [From epnco, to 
 “creep.”] Serpigo, or Tetter ; a skin-dis- 
 ease in which little itchy vesicles in- 
 crease, spread, and cluster together, ter- 
 minating in furfnraceous scales. A 
 genus of the order Dialyses, class Locales , 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Herpes Cir-ci-iia'tus.* Ring- 
 worm ; also called Herpes Serpigo. 
 
 XXer'pes Ex'e-deins.* (“Corroding 
 Herpes.”) A species of herpes in which 
 there is a rapid spreading of the disease. 
 
 XXer'pes Eab-I-a'lis.* (“Herpes of 
 the Lip.”) A form of herpes attacking 
 the lips : it is occasionally diffused on 
 the velum and palate. 
 
 XXer'pes Ser-pi'g©.* Herpes cir* 
 cinatus, or ringworm. 
 
 XXer'pes Zos'ter.* [See Zoster.] 
 Herpes spreading across the waist, or 
 thorax, like a sash or sword-belt, com- 
 monly called shingles. 
 
 Her-pet'ic. [Xlerpet'ieais,] Be- 
 longing to herpes, or tetter. 
 
 IX c r- p e t-i-for ' in is.* [From her'pes, 
 “ tetter,” or “cutaneous eruption.”] 
 Having the appearance of herpes. 
 
 Xler-pe-t©g'ra-p3i$L [Herpeto- 
 gra'phia: from her'pes, “tetter,” and 
 ypvboi, to “ describe.”] A description of 
 herpes. 
 
 XXer-pe-t©l '©-§$■. [MerpetoS©'- 
 gia: from epnero g, “reptile,” and \6yog, a 
 “discourse.”] The study or science of 
 reptiles, their habits, nature, etc. Also, 
 
 a dissertation on herpetic diseases. Sefr 
 Herpetic. 
 
 Hes-per'i-din. [From hesperid'ium , 
 the “orange.”] A peculiar crystallizable 
 substance obtained from unripe oranges. 
 
 lies ter n. = Hester' nus.% “ Of yester- 
 day.” 
 
 IXeter-a-can ' tlius.* [From erepog, 
 “other,” “different,” and aKai/Oa, a 
 “thorn.”] Having different spines, or 
 spinous stipules, one of which is straight, 
 the other hooked. 
 
 Het'er-a-del'plii-a.*' [From erepog , 
 “other,” “different,” and adeX^og, a 
 “brother.”] A term applied to the union 
 of the body of two foetuses. In these 
 cases, one foetus generally attains its 
 perfect growth; the other remains un- 
 developed or acephalous, maintaining a 
 parasitic life upon its brother. 
 
 Het'er-a-de'ni-a,* or Het'er-o-de'- 
 laa-a.* [From erepog, “different,” and 
 ddrjr, a “gland.”] A heterologous for- 
 mation of glandular substance. 
 
 Met-er-an 'drus.* [F rom erepog, “ dif- 
 ferent,” and dvhp, avtipog, a “man,” or 
 “male.”] Having stamens or anthers 
 of different form. 
 
 I let -er-an thus.*' [From erepog; “ dif- 
 ferent,” and iiytiog, a “flower.”] Having 
 different flowers. 
 
 Het'er-o-car'pons. [Heterocar'- 
 pits: from erepog, “different,” and sapirog, 
 “fruit.”] Bearing different fruits. 
 
 Het'er-o-ceph a-lus. i: [From erepog , 
 “different,” and KecpaXf), the “head.”] A 
 monster-foetus with two unequal heads. 
 
 IXet-er-o-clironi-a.* [From erepog , 
 “different,” and xpwog, “time.”] A de- 
 viation from the normal condition of a 
 part, consisting in the development of 
 some mass < r tissue at a time when, ac- 
 cording to the laws of health, it ought 
 not to have been developed. 
 
 IXet'er-o-clite. [IXeteroc'litiis 3 
 from erepog, “ different,” and kXluco, to 
 “incline.”] Literally, “anomalous,” or 
 “irregular.” Applied to plants which 
 have the sexes separated. 
 
 He t 'cr-o-g-a ' mi- us,* Met-er-ag 'a- 
 mus.* [From erepog, “different,” and 
 ydpog , a “ marriage.”] Having flowers, 
 monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous. 
 
 lletero^anglaata. See Zoology. 
 
 I a (d er-o-ge'iie-ous. [Meterage '- 
 liens; from erepog, “different,” and yevog, 
 a “kind.”] Of different or opposite kinds. 
 
 XXet'er-o-Ia'li-a.’^ [From erepog , “ dif- 
 ferent.” and XaAta, “speech.”] A defect 
 in sneech. See IIeterophonia. 
 
 Het-er-ol'o-bus.* [From erepog, “dif- 
 245 
 
HET 
 
 HEX 
 
 ferent,” and \6pog, a “lobe.”] Ajpplied 
 to plants, ot parts of plants, having 
 unequal lobes. 
 
 Het-er-ol o-goas. [Heterol'ogus ; 
 
 from crepog, “different,” and \6yog, a 
 “discourse,” “proportion,” or “rela- 
 tion.”] Applied to certain formations, 
 consisting of the presence of a solid or 
 fluid substance different from any of the 
 solids or fluids which enter into the 
 healthy composition of the body. 
 
 Het-er-©m'e-rus.* [From crepog/' dif- 
 ferent,” and pcpog, a “ part,” or “ portion.”] 
 Having, or consisting of, different por- 
 tions. See Isomerous. 
 
 Het-er-o-me'tri-a.* [From crepog, 
 “ different,” and pLcrpov, a “measure.”] 
 A variation from the normal condition 
 of a part with respect to the “measure” 
 or quantity of material which it contains. 
 
 Het'er-o-mor'jjhous. [Hetero- 
 morphus ; from crepog, .“ different,” and 
 pop:f>n y “form.”] Differing in form, shape, 
 or external appearance. See Isomor- 
 phous. 
 
 llet'er-o-ne'mus.* [From crepog, 
 “different,” and vrjp.a , a “thread,” or 
 “fillet.”] Having unequal filaments. 
 
 Het-er-op'a-tliy. [Heteropa- 
 tlii'a; from crepog, “different,” and n dOog, 
 “affection.”] That mode of treating 
 diseases by which a morbid condition is 
 removed, by inducing a different or oppo- 
 site condition to supplant it; such, for 
 example, as resorting to cold water or 
 refrigerating medicines to get rid of fever. 
 The opposite of Homoeopathy, and, so, the 
 same as Allopathy. 
 
 Heter-o-pet'a-lus.* [From crepog, 
 “different,” and neraXov, a “petal.”] 
 Having dissimilar or unequal petals. 
 
 Heter-o-pIio'ni-a. ;: [From crepog, 
 
 “different,” and (fxorfi, the “voice.”] An 
 abnormal state of the voice. 
 
 Het'er-o-pla'sl-a.* [From crepog, 
 “ different,” and nXdotg, “formation,” or 
 “structure.”] The increase of a part 
 by the addition of structural elements 
 different from those of its normal con- 
 dition. 
 
 Ilet-er-op'o-diis.* [From crepog , 
 “different,” and novg, a “foot.”] Having 
 feet different (from the other orders). Ap- 
 plied in the plural neuter (Heter op'oda) 
 to an order of Mollusca Gasteropoda. 
 
 Ilet-er-op'te-rus.* [From crepog , 
 “different,” and nrcpdv, a “wing.”] Ap- 
 plied in the plural neuter [ Heterop' tera) 
 to a section of Hemrpttra , in which the 
 elytra are membranous only at the ex- 
 tremity. 
 
 246 
 
 Het'er-o-rtiyn'clius,* Het-er-o- 
 
 ros'tris.® [From crepog, “different,” 
 and pvy\og, a “ beak,” ros'trum , a “beak.”] 
 Having different beaks. 
 
 Meter-o-ste'mo-iius.* [From crepog, 
 “different,” and orrjfjLoo v, a “stamen.”] 
 Having dissimilar stamens. 
 
 Het-er-ot'ro-pous. [Heterot'ro- 
 pns ; from 'crepog, “ different,” and rponog, 
 “manner.”] Applied to the embryo of 
 a plant when it lies across the hilum. 
 
 Meter-o-typ'i-a.* [From crepog, 
 “different,” and rvnog, a “type.”] A 
 variation from the normal condition, 
 by the production of a mass in a part 
 differing in type from the remaining 
 structure of the part. 
 
 Ileu-ctie'ra.* Alum-root. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 root of Heuehera Americana. 
 
 Hex'a-gon. [Hexa^o'num ; from 
 cl, “six,” and yom'a, an “angle.”] A 
 plane figure having six equal angles and 
 sides. 
 
 Hex-ag'o-nal. [Hexag'onus.] Be- 
 longing to a hexagon. 
 
 Hex-ag'yn-ous, or Hex-a-£yn'i- 
 ous. [IXexagyn'ius ; from cl, “six,” 
 and ywrj, a “woman,” or “female.”] 
 Having six pistils. Applied to a Lin- 
 naean order. 
 
 Mex-a-lie'dral. [Hexahe'clrus.] 
 
 Belonging to a hexahedron. 
 
 Hex-a-lie'dron. [Hexatie'clrum ; 
 
 from cl, “six,” and edpa, a “base.”] A 
 regular solid figure bounded by six equal 
 sides ; a cube. 
 
 Hex-an'dri-a.* [From el, “six,” 
 and autip, avdpog, a “man,” or “male.”] 
 The sixth class of the Linnman system 
 of plants, including those which have 
 six equal stamens in each flower. 
 
 X9ex-an'drous, or Hex-an 'dri- 
 ous. [Hexan 'drifts.] Having six 
 equal stamens. See Hexandria. 
 
 Ilcx-an 'gu-lar. [Hexangula'ris ; 
 from cl, “ six,” and an'yulus, an “ angle.”] 
 Having six angles. 
 
 Ilex-a-pet'a-lous. [Hexapet'a- 
 
 lus; from el, “six,” and neraXov, a “pet- 
 al.”] Having six petals. 
 
 Ilex-a-ptiyUous. [Mexaptiyl'- 
 
 lus ; from r f, “ six,” and (pvWoi/, a “ leaf.”] 
 Having six leaves. 
 
 Ilox-ap'o-dus.* [From cl, “ six,” 
 and novg, a “ foot.”] Having six feet. 
 Applied particularly to insects. 
 
 llex-ap'te-rous. [Ilexap'terus; 
 
 from el, “six,” and nrcpou, a “wing.”] 
 Provided with six wings. 
 
 Ilex-a-sep'a-lus.* [From cl, “six,” 
 
HEX 
 
 HIP 
 
 and sep'alum , a “ sepal.”] Composed of 
 six sepals. 
 
 Mex-a-sper'mus.* [From f£, “six,” 
 and ontpixa, a “ seed.”] Having six seeds. 
 
 Mex-a-ste'mo-nus.* [From t£, 
 “six,” and arrjpuv , a “ stamen.”] Having 
 six stamens. See IIexandrous. 
 
 Mex'is.* [Gr. t%is ; from to 
 
 “have,” to “have one’s self,” or to 
 “be.”] The same as habit of body. See 
 Diathesis. 
 
 Mi-a'tus Fal-lo'pi-i.* [From hi'o, 
 hia'tum, to “gape.”] An opening in the 
 tympanum, named from Fallopius. 
 
 Hibernaculuin. See IIybernacu- 
 lum. 
 
 Hibiscus Moscliatus. See Abel- 
 
 MOSCHUS. 
 
 Hiccough, Hiccup. See Singultus. 
 
 Mid'den Seiz'ure. A term used by 
 M. Hall for such a paroxysm in convulsive 
 diseases, as may have been unobserved, 
 because occurring in the night, or away 
 from the patient’s home and friends, or 
 limited to the deeply-seated muscles. 
 
 Hi-dro'a. :: [From ISpUg, “sweat.”] 
 The term given by Sauvages and Vogel 
 to eczema , or heat eruption. 
 
 Hi-dro'des.* [From Mpug, “sweat.”] 
 Full of sweat; sweaty. 
 
 Hi-drou'o-sus.* [From tdpug," sweat,” 
 and vooog, a “disease.”] See Anglicus 
 Sudor. 
 
 Hi-drop-e-de'sis.* [From ISp-Hg, 
 “sweat,” and irijSqais, a “spring.”] Ex- 
 cessive sweating. 
 
 Hidropyretus. See IIydronosus. 
 
 Mid-ror-rhce'a.* [From idptog, 
 “sweat,” and pk a>, to “flow.”] Profuse 
 sweating. 
 
 Mi-dro'sis.* [From iSpcog, idpwrog, 
 “sweat.”] The condition of sweating. 
 
 IJI-drot'ic. [Hidrot'icus ; from 
 the same.] Causing sweat; sudorific; 
 diaphoretic. 
 
 Hi-drot-o-pce'ia,* Ili-drot-o- 
 
 poi-e'sis.* [From ISoug, “sweat,” and 
 ttouw, to “make.”] Excretion of the 
 sweat. 
 
 Mi-er-an 'o-sos.* [From lepog, “holy,” 
 and voaog , “disease.”] Mor'bus Sa'cer. 
 An ancient term for “epilepsy.” 
 
 ISi'er-a Pi'cra.* [From lepog, “holy,” 
 and 7 uKpog, “bitter.”] A name applied 
 to Pulvia Aloes cum Canelld. 
 
 Migh-mo-ri-a'num An trum. 5 A 
 cavity in the superior maxillary bone, 
 described by Highmore ; otherwise called 
 the Antrum maxillae , or A. moxillare. 
 
 Hi-lif 'er-us.* [From hi'lum , and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”] Having hila. 
 
 Milan. See IIilum. 
 
 Mi I uni, plural Hi'la. Sometimes 
 improperly written Hi'lus. (Fr. Hilon , 
 ^'16n g '.) The point of attachment of a 
 seed to its seed-vessel, or receptacle by 
 which it obtains its nourishment; the 
 umbilicus of the seed. 
 
 Mi'lus IA-e-Bia'Iis.* [From li'en, 
 the “spleen.”] The concave part of the 
 spleen. 
 
 Hip. See Coxa. 
 
 Hip-Bath. See Semicupium. 
 
 Hip-Ber'ries. The ripe fruit of the 
 Rosa canina. 
 
 Hip-Joint Bisease. See Coxalgia. 
 
 Ilip'-Tree. The Rosa canina. 
 
 Hip-po-cain'pus.* [From InnoKap- 
 no;, a small marine animal with a head 
 closely resembling that of a horse.] The 
 small animal named the sea-horse. 
 
 Hippocam'pus Major,®' called 
 also (or'iui Ain-nto nis.* A large 
 white curved body in the inferior cornu 
 of the lateral ventricles of the brain. 
 
 Hippocam pus Mi nor. 5 A small 
 eminence of white substance in ihQ pos- 
 terior cornu of the lateral ventricles of 
 the brain. 
 
 H i p pocas t an area*,* h i p - p o -k as - 1 a- 
 na'she-e, or flippocastaneav 5 hip-po- 
 kas-ta'ne-e. [From Hippocas'ta n urn , the 
 specific name of the “horse-chestnut.”] 
 A name given by some botanists to a 
 natural order of plants. See Sapinda- 
 
 CE.E. 
 
 Mippo-co-ry'za.* [From nnr og, the 
 “ horse,” and Koyv^a, “ inflammation of the 
 mucous membrane of the nostrils.”] 
 Applied to coryza in horses, such as 
 occurs in farcy or glanders ; likewise to 
 the same affection in cattle, etc. It is 
 also termed Hippomyxa. See Farcy. 
 
 llippocrateaceae,* hip-po-kra-te-a'- 
 she-e. [From Hippocra* tea, one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 shrubs, mostly natives of South Ame- 
 rica. 
 
 Mip-poc'ra-tes’ Sleeve. [Mau'ica 
 Mippoc'ratis.] A name given to a 
 conical-shaped strainer of linen or flan- 
 nel. 
 
 Mip-po-crat'ic. [Hippocrat'i- 
 
 cus.] Belonging to Hippocrates. 
 
 Hippocratic Countenance. See 
 
 Facies Hippocratica. 
 
 Mippocraticese,* hip-po-kra-tish'- 
 e-e. The Jussieuan name of a natu- 
 ral order of plants. See Hippocratea- 
 
 CE vE. 
 
 Hip'po-lith. [Hippol'itfiius; from 
 ' fanog , a “ horse,” and \idog , a “ stone.”] 
 247 
 
HIP 
 
 HIS 
 
 The Bezoar equinum ; a concretion in 
 the gall-bladder, or intestines, of the 
 horse. 
 
 Hig>-f>ol'©-gy. [Hippolo'gia; from 
 Imrog, a “ horse,” and Xoyoj, a “dis- 
 course.”] A term for a dissertation on 
 the horse; the science which treats of 
 the horse. 
 
 Mip-po-myx'a.^ [From ttnroj, a 
 “horse,” and /xu£a, “mucus.”] The same 
 as Hippocoryz A, which see. 
 
 Mip'po-aio-sol'o-gy. [ESppsMin©- 
 solo'g-ia.] Tiie same as IIippopatiiol- 
 ogy, which see. 
 
 Hippo-jKitb-o-lo^l-cal. [Mip- 
 popathologr'icus.] Belonging to hip- 
 popathology. 
 
 Hi p' p©-pa- tta©l ' o-gy. [Hippo- 
 
 patholo'gaa; from bnro?, a “horse,” 
 7 xd%;, “dis 3 ase,” and Xdyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] That branch of general medi- 
 cine which treats of the diseases of the 
 horse. 
 
 Hip-p©s-te-©l'©-gy. [Hipposte- 
 ©lo'gia; from "timo;, a “horse,” and ojtc- 
 oXoyta, a “ treatise upon bones.”] A 
 treatise on the bones of the hor^e; that 
 branch of Comparative Anatomy which 
 treats of the skeleton of the horse. 
 
 Hifj-pot'o-acay- [Hippoto'mia; 
 
 from bnro;, a “horse,” and rc/x^w, to 
 “cut.”] The anatomy, or dissection, of 
 the h >rse. 
 
 Mip-pu'rate. [Hippu'ras, a'ti’s.] 
 A combination of hippuric acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Hip-pn'ric. [Hippu'ricus ; from 
 *7nro;, a “horse,” and ovpov, “urine.”] 
 Applied to an acid found plentifully 
 in the urine of the horse and cow, 
 and in that of the Graminivora gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Hip' pus.* [Gr. bnro;, a “ horse,” also, 
 an “affection of the eyelids.”] A dis- 
 ease of the eyelid, in which there is a 
 constant tendency to wink; so called, it 
 is said, because the lid goes up and 
 down, like a man on horseback. 
 
 Hip'pus Pii-pll'lae.* (“Hippusof 
 the Pupil.”) A tremulous condition of 
 the iris, attended with alternate contrac- 
 tions and dilatati >ns of the pupil. 
 
 Hir'ciite. [Hir'cas, a'fis.] A com- 
 bination of hircic acid with a base. 
 
 Hir'clc, or fifir-cin'ic. [Hirein'i- 
 cus.] Applied to an acid obtained from 
 the fat of the goat. 
 
 Har'cln, or Hir'cme. [Hirci'na; 
 from hir'cas , the “ male goat.”] A pe- 
 culiar substance found in the fat of the 
 goat, and on which its strong odor de- 
 248 
 
 pends. It yields by saponification the 
 hircic, or hircinic , acid. 
 
 Hi e*- ' m us.*' [From hir’eus, a 
 “male goat.”] The strong odor, pecu- 
 liar to the human axilla, which resem- 
 bles that of the male goat. 
 
 Hir'sute. [Hirsu'tus.] Hairy; 
 rough; shaggy. 
 
 Miirswties,*' hir-su'she-ez. [From 
 hirsu'tus, “hairy.”] A disease in which 
 hair grows in morbid excess or on a part 
 where it is unnatural. 
 
 Mir-ti-fla'rus.* [From hir'tus, 
 “hairy,” and Jios , a “flower.”] Having 
 hairy flowers. 
 
 Hia*'tus.*' [Contraction of hirsu’tus , 
 “hairy,” or “shaggy.”] Bough-haired; 
 hairy. 
 
 Hirud. = Him' do* or him' dines ; *' A 
 “leech, or leeches.” 
 
 lai-rM-cii-for'mis.* [From him' do, 
 a “horse-leech.”] Resembling the leech. 
 Applied by Latreille, in the neuter plural 
 ( Hirudifor’ min ), to an order of animals. 
 
 M5-ru'd©, d/mV* [From hau'rio , to 
 “drink up”?] A genus of worms, or 
 worm-like animals, belonging to the 
 class Anellcitci (or Anellides). The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (Brit. Ph.) of the 
 Sanguisuga mcdicinalis (Fr. Saugsue , 
 soN G 'sii'), the Hirudo medicinalis. 
 
 Hini'do Me-dic-i-nalis.* The 
 European leech, an animal much em- 
 ployed for local depletion. It will draw 
 nearly a half an ounce of blood. The 
 American leech, or Hind do deco'ra, does 
 not make so deep an incision as the 
 European, and draws less blood. 
 
 Mis'pid. [Ilas'pMas.] Having 
 bristles; bristly. 
 
 Mis-pid-u-Ia'tus.* [From hispid’ n- 
 lus, the diminutive of his'pidus, “rough,” 
 “bristly.”] In a slight degree rough. 
 
 HSs-pad-ii-Ia'sus.* [From the same.] 
 Having stiff hairs. 
 
 His- 1 o-d I- al' y -sis. [From lar6g, a 
 “web,” or “tissue,” and tiidXnatg, a “dis- 
 solution.”] A resolution of organic tex- 
 ture. 
 
 IHs-to-di-a-lyt I-cus.* Belonging 
 
 to histodialysi*. 
 
 Hisdo-ge-iiet'ic. [Ilistoffcnet'i- 
 
 eus.] Belonging to histogeny: pro- 
 moting the formation of organic tex- 
 tures. 
 
 H is-t og'e-n$ r . [Ilistogcn 'esis ; 
 
 from tVrrfj, a “ web,” or “tissue,” and yma, 
 to “be born.”] The origin or formation 
 of organic tissue. 
 
 His-to-grapIi'I-CUS.* Belonging to 
 
 liistography. 
 
HIS 
 
 II OM 
 
 His-togr'ra-pBsy. [Mistog'ra'plaia ; 
 
 from torus, a ••web,” or “tissue,” and 
 ypdyoj, to “ write.”] A description of the 
 organic tissues. 
 
 His-to-log'I-cal. [Histolo&'iciis.] 
 
 Belonging to histology. 
 
 Elis-tol'o-gy. [Mistolo'g-ia; from 
 lords, a “web,” or “tissue,” and Aoyoj, a 
 “discourse.”] The science or doctrine 
 of the minute structure and composition 
 of the different textures of organized 
 bodies. 
 
 I lis-t 021 '©-my. [Ilistono'niia; 
 
 from lords, a “web,” or “tissue,” and 
 vdpos, a “law.”] History of the laws 
 which regulate the formation and ar- 
 rangement of organic tissues. 
 
 Ilis-tot'o-my. [Hisloto'mia; from 
 lords , a “web,” or “tissue,” and repsio, 
 to “cut.”] Dissection of organic tis- 
 sues. 
 
 His-tri-on'ic. [From hia'trio, a 
 “ play-actor.”] A term applied by Ger- 
 man writers to affections of the muscles 
 of expression, inducing spasms and para- 
 lysis. 
 
 Hive Syr' up. A syrup prepared as 
 a remedy for croup. See Syrupus 
 SCILLJE COMPOSITUS. 
 
 Hives, hivz. A popular name for the 
 croup. It is also applied to different 
 species of rash. 
 
 Hoarseness. See Baucedo. 
 
 Hoary. See Glaucus, and Inca- 
 nous. 
 
 Iloff 'mann’s An'o-dyne liq uor. 
 [Hoi fm a ai ' 22 i Liq uor Aiiod'ynus.] 
 
 See Spiritus A^theris Compositus. 
 
 Hog’s ILard. See Adeps Suillus, 
 and Axungta Porcina. 
 
 Hol-o-ear'pus.* [From #Ao?, 
 
 “whole,” or “entire,” and Kapnos, 
 “fruit.”] Having entire fruit-capsules. 
 
 HoS-o-pet'a-lus.- [From oAo?, 
 “whole,” or “entire,” and rtraXov, a 
 “petal.”] Having entire petals. 
 
 fllomaliacese,^ ho-ma-le-a'she-e. 
 [From Homo! Hum, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, all of which are tropical. 
 
 Horn 'berg’s Ptios'plio-rus. Mu- 
 riate of lime, which, on being reduced 
 by heat to a vitreous mass, Homberg 
 found to emit a phosphoric light, when 
 struck by a hard body. 
 
 Hom-berg’s Py-ropli'o-rus. A 
 mixture of alum and brown sugar, which 
 lakes fire on exposure to the air. 
 
 Monie-Sicdkaiess. See Nostalgia. 
 
 Hoan'i-cule. [Momlci'tfium; from 
 Ho' mo , “man,” and ere' do, to “kill.”] 
 22 
 
 The killing of a man, woman, or child 
 by accident, in distinction from that 
 done in malice, with set purpose; man- 
 slaughter, chance-medley, etc. 
 
 Jlo'mo-. [From epos, “equal,” 
 “same.”] A prefix denoting equality, 
 or sameness. 
 
 llo-mtie-o-inor'plius.* [From 
 opoio;, “like,” and popart, “form.”] Hav- 
 ing a similar form. 
 
 IBo-iuoe-o-patKi'ic. [IIoni<XM>- 
 
 patli'icus.j Belonging to homoeop- 
 athy. 
 
 HomoeopatBiic. See Homoeopathy. 
 Ho-mue-op'a-tliy. [Kumoeopa- 
 tBii'a; from opotos, “like,” and irutius, 
 “disease.”] (Fr. Homoeopathie, o'rrAV- 
 ] &'t<P.) A doctrine propounded by 
 Hahnemann, professing to cure diseases 
 by the action of infinitesimal doses of 
 medicines, of a quality to excite in the 
 healthy a disease similar to that which 
 is to be cured. 
 
 Ho-moe-o'sis.* [From opotos, “like.”] 
 Assimilation. 
 
 lloiiiogun&liata., See Zoology. 
 
 Ilo-ino-ge-nei-ty. [Hoiiiogene'i- 
 
 tas, u'f/#.] Homogeneousness. 
 
 IXo-mo-ge'ue-oits. [Ifomoge'ne* 
 
 us: from Ipds, “equal,” “same,” and ye.o?, 
 a “kind.”] Of the same kind or quality 
 throughout. 
 
 Ho-niol O'goiis. [Komol'ogiis ; 
 
 from bpos, “equal,” “same,” and A oyos, 
 a “discouise, ' also, “relation,” “ana- 
 logy,” “ratio,” or “proportion.”] Ap- 
 plied to things of the same essential 
 nature, however different in form or 
 name, in different animal bodies. See 
 Homology. 
 
 Homologue, hom'o-log. [Ilomol'- 
 ogum: from the same.] A term applied 
 to a part of an animal which corresponds 
 to another part in a different animal, or 
 to a different portion of the same ani- 
 mal. See next article. 
 
 Mo-mol o-gy [Hemolo'gia: from 
 the same], or Ho-mol'o-gies, Hoc'- 
 triaie of. That branch of anatomical 
 science w T hich investigates the corre- 
 spondence of parts and of plan in the 
 construction of animals. 
 
 1. Special Homology relates to the 
 correspondence of parts in different 
 animals. Thus, the wing of a bird is 
 the homologue of the arm in a man, or 
 of the fore-leg of a horse. 
 
 2. Serial Homology relates to the cor- 
 respondence of parts in the same ani- 
 mal. Thus, the wing of a bird is the 
 homologue, in one segment of its body, 
 
 249 
 
HOM 
 
 HOR 
 
 of the rej of the bird in another seg- 
 ment. 
 
 3. General Homology relates to corre- 
 spondencies of parts viewed with refer- 
 ence to the ideal archetype of the verte- 
 brate skeleton. Thus, the arm is the 
 diverging appendage of its segment ; the 
 supra-occipital bone is the neural spine ; 
 the ex-occipital bone, or condyloid part 
 of the occipital bone, in the human sub- 
 ject, is the nenrapophysis. 
 
 Hom-o-mor'plious. [Homoraor - 
 |)hu§; from opog, “equal,” “same,” and 
 ftop/» 7 , “form.”] Having the same form. 
 See Heteromorpiius. 
 
 Ilo-mtmy-mou* [from bpo$, “same,” 
 and ovojxa., a ‘’name”], and Ho-mo-ty'- 
 pal [see Homotype]. These terms de- 
 note, in Anatomy, a correlation of parts: 
 the frontal bone is the homonym or ho- 
 motype of the super-occipital bone, the 
 humerus of the femur, etc. It is the 
 aim of serial homology to determine ho- 
 monymous or homotypal relations. See 
 Homology. 
 
 Hoin-o-pet'a-lus.* [From cy/%, 
 
 “equal,” “same,” and TciraXov, a “petal.”] 
 Applied to flowers in which the petals 
 are alike. 
 
 Hom-c-pHyl'liis.* [From bp6g, 
 
 “equal,” “samo,” and Wov, a “leaf.”] 
 Having 1 iaves or leaflets all alike. 
 
 Ho-mop ter- tms. [Homop'terus ; 
 from bpog, “equal,” “same,” and irripov, a 
 “wing.”] A term applied to a section 
 of hemipterous insects, having elytra 
 of the same consistence throughout, and 
 almost similar to the wings. 
 
 Ilo-anot'ro-pous, or Effo-mot'ro- 
 pal. [Hoinot'ropus; from fyioj, 
 “equal,” “same,” and rpeno), to “turn.”] 
 Applied to the embryo when it has the 
 lame direction as the seed. 
 
 Hom o-type. [Homot'ypns; from 
 bp6;, “equal,” “same,” and rvTrog, “form,” 
 or “nature.”] A term employed by 
 Owen for a repeated part in the seg- 
 ments of the same skeleton. 
 
 lEon'ey. [Mel, Mel'Iis.] A sweet 
 substance collected from the nectaries 
 of flowers by the A' pis Mellif'ica , or 
 Honey-Bee. 
 
 Hon'ey-Dew. A sweetish substance 
 secreted and deposited upon the leaves 
 of plants by the Aphides , a genus of 
 small insects popularly called plant-lice. 
 
 Iloop'er’s Pills. A nostrum which 
 has been extensively used as a purgative 
 and emmenagogue. See JPilula: Aloes 
 et Myrrhs. 
 
 Hooping-Cough. See Pertussis. 
 250 
 
 Hop. The Humulus lupulus ; also, the 
 hractese , or floral leaves, of the same. 
 See Humulus. 
 
 Hopifal, o'p&'t&l'. The French term 
 for Hospital, which see. 
 
 Hoijfliet, ho'k&Z. The French term 
 for “hiccup.” See Singultus. 
 
 Hor-de-a'ceous. [Hordea'ceus; 
 from hor'deum, “barley.”] Of the nature 
 of barley ; resembling barley. 
 
 Hor'«le-i HMs'ti-cEni Sem'i-na.«* 
 (“Seeds of the Hordeum Distichon.”) 
 See Hordeum. 
 
 Hor'de-i Sem'i-na.* (“Seeds of 
 Barley.”) Pearl Barley; the grains of 
 the Hordeum Distichon , or common bar- 
 ley, deprived of the husk or skin. See 
 Hordeum. 
 
 Hor'de-I-for'mis.*# [From hor'de- 
 um, “barley.”] Formed like barley. 
 
 Mor'de-sti. [HoraHeS'ina; from hor'- 
 deum, “barley.”] A peculiar substance 
 found in barley, allied to starch, but 
 constituting a distinct substance. 
 
 Hor-de'o-lum.'^ [Diminutive of 
 hor'deum, “barley.”] A small, highly- 
 inflammatory tumor on the edge of the 
 eyelid : popularly, a stye. 
 
 Mor'de-um.* Barley. A Linnman 
 genus of the class Triandria, natural 
 order Graminacese. Also, the Pharma- 
 copoeial name || of the seeds of Hor'deum 
 dis'tichon , or barley. 
 
 Hor'deum Bis'tl-ehon.^ The 
 French barley -plant. 
 
 Hor'deum Vul-g’a're.* The Scotch, 
 or common, barley-plant. 
 
 Hore'iiound. The Marrubium vul- 
 gare. 
 
 Hore'honnd "Tea. Prepared by in- 
 fusing an ounce of the Marrubium vul- 
 gare, or white horehound, in a pint of 
 boiling water. 
 
 KTor. in term. = Hot ri* interme' diis* 
 “At the intermediate hours” between 
 what has been ordered at stated times. 
 
 Ho-ri'zon. [From bpifav, the present 
 participle of bpifa, to “bound.”] The 
 great circle dividing the heavens from 
 the earth, and forming the boundary to 
 our sight. 
 
 Hor-X-zon'tal. [KTorizontta'lis.] 
 
 Parallel with the horizon: on a level. 
 
 Horn'k&cndc. A mineral of dark- 
 green or black color, abounding in oxide 
 of iron and entering into the composi- 
 tion of Severn 1 of the trap rocks. 
 
 Horn Pock. A name given by some 
 writers to a form of Variola, in which 
 the pimples are imperfectly suppurating, 
 ichorous, or homy, and semi-transparent. 
 
IIOR 
 
 IIUM 
 
 Hor'rl-dus.* [From hor'ror, a 
 “shivering or quaking from fear or 
 cold.”] Shivering with cold. Applied to 
 a fever, etc. 
 
 Hor-ri-pi-la'tion. [Morripila'- 
 tio, ©'«?'«,* from hor'reo , to “have one’s 
 hair stand on end,” to “shiver,” or 
 “ tremble,” and pi'lus, the “hair.”] A 
 sensation of creeping, or as if each hair 
 were stiff and erect, in different parts of 
 the body. It is often a symptom of the 
 approach of fever. 
 
 Hor'ror, o'r/s.** [From hor'reo , to 
 “shake from cold.”] A shivering, or 
 cold fit. 
 
 Morse-Ches'iiut. The fruit of the 
 
 JEs'culus Hippocas' tanum. 
 
 Morse-Mint. The common name of 
 the Monar'da puncta'ta. 
 
 Morse-Rad 'isli. The common name 
 of the Cochlea' ria armora'cia. 
 
 Hor-tic'o-Ius.* [From hor'tus, a 
 “garden,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] 
 Growing in a garden. 
 
 Hor'tus Sic'cus.* (Literally, a “ dry 
 garden.”) A herbarium, or collection of 
 dried plants. 
 
 Mor. mi. spatio = Ho’ rue uni' us 
 spa'tio.% “At the end of an hour.” 
 
 Mos'pi-tal. [Hospita'lium ; from 
 hos'pes, a “host,*” also, a “guest.”] 
 (Fr. Hopital, o'p4't&l'.) Originally, a 
 place for exercising hospitality towards 
 strangers, or the sick and poor. A chari- 
 table establishment for the relief of the 
 sick, and for their lodgment and mainte- 
 nance during treatment; an infirmary. 
 
 Mos'pital Fe ver. [Fe'bris Noso- 
 comia'Iis.] A fever peculiar to the 
 inmates of a hospital, from their con- 
 dition and circumstances. 
 
 Mos'pital Gangrene. [Gan- 
 grse'na Nosocomia'Iis.] A severe 
 and peculiar species of humid gangrene, 
 combined with phagedenic ulceration of 
 a highly infectious nature. 
 
 Houblon, hoo'blbitfc'. The French 
 term for the “hop.” See Humulus. 
 
 Hour-Glass Con-trac'tiou. An 
 irregular and transverse contraction of 
 the uterus, in which it assumes the form 
 of an hour-glass. 
 
 M. S., or Mor. som. = Ho' rd som'ni.% 
 “Just before going to sleep.” 
 
 Muile, w&l. The French term for 
 “oil.” See Oleum, and Oil. 
 
 Hum'bold-tite. A mineral consist- 
 ing of oxalate of lime, and forming the 
 basis of a urinary calculus. 
 
 Hu-mec'tant. [Humec'tans: from 
 humec'to, humecta’ turn, to “make moist.”] 
 
 Rendering moist; moistening. The same 
 as Diluent. 
 
 Mu -mec-ta'tion. [Humecta'tio, 
 
 o 'nis ; from the same.] The act or pro- 
 cess of making moist. 
 
 Mu'me-ral. [Humera'lis ; from 
 Jin' nierus, the “arm,” or “shoulder.”] 
 Belonging to the humerus ; brachial. 
 
 Hu'me-rus, ;i: gen. Hu'me-ri. [From 
 t ofxog, the “shoulder.”] (Fr. Epaulc , 
 Apol'.) Originally, the “shoulder.” In 
 Anatomy, the brachium, or arm proper, 
 from the shoulder to the elbow; also, the 
 long bone, or Os humeri itself. In Orni- 
 thology, the first portion of the superior 
 extremity supporting the wing. 
 
 Hume's Test. A test for arsenious 
 acid, consisting of the ammonio-nitrate 
 of silver. If solutions of these sub- 
 stances be mixed, a yellow arsenite of 
 silver is precipitated, and nitrate of 
 ammonia remains in solution. 
 
 Hunieur Aqueuse, umuii' &'kuz'. 
 The French term for Aqueous IIumor, 
 which see. 
 
 Mu'inic. [Hu'micus: from hu'mus, 
 the “ ground.”] Pertaining to the ground, 
 or earth. The same as Geic. Applied 
 to an acid found in earth. 
 
 Hu'mi-fuse. [Humifu'sus ; from 
 hu'mus, the “ground,” and fu'sus, 
 “ spread,” or “ lying along.”] A botanical 
 term which signifies “running along the 
 surface of the ground.” 
 
 Hu'mi-lis. ;|: ' [From hu'mus, the 
 “ground.”] Mean; humble; dwarfish. 
 Applied to plants which grow close to 
 the ground. 
 
 Mumiriacese,* hu-me-re-a'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, which are found in the tropical 
 parts of America. It includes the Hu- 
 mir'ium , which produces Balsam of Umiri, 
 resembling copaiva in properties. 
 
 Hu mor. [Hu mor, o'ris.] Moist- 
 ure, or sap. Any fluid of the body 
 other than the blood. 
 
 Humor, Aqueous. See Aqueous 
 Humor. 
 
 Humor, Vitreous. See Vitreous 
 Humor. 
 
 Hu'mo-ral. [Humera'lis; from 
 hu'mor , “moisture,” or “humor.”] Be- 
 longing to the humors of the body. 
 
 Hu moral Pa-thol'o-gy. A sys- 
 tem in medicine which attributed all 
 diseases to morbid changes in the humors, 
 or fluid parts of the body, without as- 
 signing any influence to the state of the 
 solids. 
 
 Mu-mor'ic. [Mumor'icus ; from 
 251 
 
HUM 
 
 HYD 
 
 hu mor, "moisture,” or “humor.”] Ap- 
 plied to the sound produced by percus- 
 sion on the stomach when distended 
 with air and fluid. 
 
 Hn'mii-lin. [Humuli'na.] The nar- 
 cotic principle of the Hu'mvlus lu'pidus. 
 
 Hu' mil -I ais.* Hops. The Pharma- 
 copoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the strobiles 
 of the Hu’midvs lu'pidus, 
 
 Hu'imtlns lAijtu-lus.* (Fr. ffou- 
 blon, hoo'bi^N 0 '.) The systematic name 
 of the hop, which is both a tonic and 
 hypnotic. 
 
 Hu'mus.* Vegetable mould; woody 
 fibre in a state of decay. 
 
 Hunger. See Fames. 
 
 Musk. See Glume, Involucre, and 
 
 SlLIQUA. 
 
 Mux 'ham's (hux'amz) Tinc'tiire 
 
 of Bark. The same as Tinctura Cin- 
 chona Composita, which see. 
 
 I Iy-a-I i ' nus.* [From va\o$ , " glass.”] 
 Transparent, like glass : hy'aline. 
 
 Mya-ll-peii'iiis.* [From va\o ;, 
 "glass,” and pen'na, a "wing.”] The 
 saui3 as Hyalopterus. 
 
 Myalitis, id is. See IIyaloiditis. 
 
 My a-lo-dec 'cry-sis.* [FromvaX cdr);, 
 " glassy,” and expvais, a "flowing out.”] 
 Escape of part of the vitreous body or 
 humor. 
 
 My -a-lo'de-o-ma-la'ei-a* (-ma-la'- 
 she-a). [From va\.i)6ns, "glassy,” and 
 paX uia, " softness.”] A softening of the 
 vitreous body. 
 
 Hy-a-lo'de-o-mal-a-co'sts.* The 
 
 progress of hyalodeomalacia. 
 
 Hy-a-lo'des.* [From raXos, "glass.”] 
 Glassy. 
 
 My a-loiil. [Hyaloi'des; from vaXoj, 
 "glass,” and el dog, a "form.”] Resem- 
 bling glass ; transparent. 
 
 Hy aloid Mem'brane. [Mem- 
 bra'na Hyaloi'des.] The extremely 
 delicate membrane of the eye whose 
 numerous cells contain the vitreous hu- 
 mor. 
 
 Hy-a-loi-di'tis, idis* [From hya- 
 loi'dts , " hyaloid.' ] Inflammation of 
 the hyaloid membrane. 
 
 fly-a-lop'te-rus.* [From va\og, 
 "glass,” and n rk^oj, a "wing.”] A term 
 applied to insects having transparent 
 wings : hyalop'terous. 
 
 Hy-a-lo-sper'inus.* [From vaXoj, 
 " glass,” and <nr fp/ia, a " seed.”] Having 
 transparent seeds: hyalosper'mous. 
 
 Hy-ber-nac'ii-lum.* [From hy- 
 ber'nu , "winter quarters/’ or a "winter- 
 ing place.”] An organic body which 
 springs from the surfaco of a plant, in 
 252 
 
 order to protect the new shoot which it 
 encases from injury. 
 
 Hy-ber'iaal. [Hyber'ims ; from 
 liyber'no, hyberna'tum, to "winter.”] 
 Belonging to winter. 
 
 My ' ber-nat-ing. [My ber 'nans ; 
 
 from the same.] Passing the winter. 
 
 My-ber-na'tiou. [From the same.] 
 The state of torpor or winter-sleep pe- 
 culiar to certain animals. 
 
 Hy brid. [Hyb'rida, or My'bris, 
 idos ; from v3pi$, “ mongrel.”] (Fr. J let is, 
 ina'tes'.) The offspring of two different 
 species of animals or plants. As an ad- 
 jective it signifies "mongrel.” 
 
 Mydartbrosis. See Hydrarthrosis. 
 
 Mydartbrus. See IIydrarthrus. 
 
 Hy-daiid. [Hyd'atis, id is ; from 
 vbariq, a "vesicle” (from vdi op, "water”).] 
 A small vesicular tumor, containing a 
 watery fluid ; also, a genus of the Ento- 
 zoa, formed of a membrane containing a 
 water-like fluid. See Aquula. 
 
 Mydatidodes. See Hydatidosus. 
 
 My-dat-i-do-ides.* [From hyd'atis, 
 a "hydatid,” and cldo g, a "form.”] Re- 
 sembling a hydatid. 
 
 Ily-dat-i-do'ma, a/As.* [From hyd'- 
 atis, a "hydatid.”] A tumor containing 
 hydatids. 
 
 Hy-dat-i-do'sis.* [From hyd’atis, 
 a "vesicle,” or "hydatid.”] The for- 
 mation of hydatidoma. 
 
 My-dat-i-do'sus.* [From hyd'atis, 
 a "vesicle,” or "hydatid.”] Having, or 
 full of, hydatids. 
 
 My-dat-i-for'cnis.* [From hyd’atis , 
 a "vesicle,” or "hydatid.”] Having 
 the appearance of a hydatid : hydat'i- 
 form. 
 
 Hyd-a-tig'e-nus.* [From vdarig, a 
 "vesicle,” and yew, to "be born.”] Pro- 
 ceeding from a hydatid. 
 
 Hyd -a-to-gen 'e-sis.* [From vdwp, 
 "water,” and yzvto tg, "origin,” "birth.”] 
 A term for the formation of water, or of 
 a watery fluid, in the body. 
 
 f lyd-a^ton'cus.* [From vScop, "water,” 
 and oyxog, a " tumor.”] A watery swell- 
 ing. 
 
 Myderoncus. Sec IIydatoncus. 
 
 My de-ros,* or Myde-rus.* [From 
 vScjp, " water.”] Literally, " water-flux.” 
 A name given by the Greeks to diabetes. 
 
 My'dra.* [From v6iop, "water.”] A 
 polypus, destitute of brain, viscera, or 
 lungs, found in brooks and pools in tem- 
 perate countries. 
 
 Hy-drav'id. [Hydra^'idiu *, from 
 vdcjp, "water,” and at/idunt, an "acid.”] 
 Applied to acids containing hydrogen. 
 
II YD 
 
 HYD 
 
 Hy'dra-de-ni'tis, idis* [From hy '- 
 draden , a “lymphatic gland.”] Inflam- 
 mation of a lymphatic gland. See Lym- 
 phadenitis. 
 
 Hy-drse'ma,* or My-drse'mi-a.* 
 
 [From vdu)f), ‘‘water/’ anti aipix, “ blood.”] 
 A state of the blood in which the serum 
 is transparent, with a small quantity of 
 coloring matter. 
 
 Hy 'd ra-gogne. [Hy d rag© ; 
 
 from v6(op, “water,” and uyeu, to “bring 
 or drive away.”] Applied to medicines 
 which increase the secretions, and so 
 tend to remove water from the system. 
 
 Hydrangeaeese/ h i - dr an -j e -a' sh e- e . 
 [From Hydra n ye' a, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous shrubs, 
 found in China, Japan, and America. 
 
 Hy -d ran -ge- i ' tis. idis* [From 
 hydrangi' on , a “lymphatic vessel” (from 
 v'dojp, “water,” or “lymph,” and ayyeiov, 
 a “vessel”).] Inflammation of the lym- 
 phatic vessels. 
 
 My-dran-gi-o-gra'pM-a.* [From 
 hydrangi' on , a “lymphatic vessel,” and 
 ypu0a>, to “ write.”] A term for a descrip- 
 tion of the lymphatic vessels, their situa- 
 tion, function, etc. 
 
 My-dran-gi-o-t©'imS-a.* [F rom 
 
 hydrangi' on f a “lymphatic vessel,” and 
 7zp;a), to “cut.”J Dissection of the 
 lymphatic vessels. 
 
 My-ilrar'gy-ri IM-«*JBl©'r5-diini.* 
 
 The Mercurius sublimatus corrosivus, or 
 corrosive sublimate. See IIydrargyri 
 Ohloridum Corrosivum. 
 
 Mydrar'gyri ■CfiiSo'ri-dum.* The 
 submuriate of mercury. See Hydrar- 
 GYRI CHLORIDUM MlTE. 
 
 Mydrar'gyri Cfiilo'ridum Cor-ro- 
 si'vnBBi.* (“Corrosive Chloride of Mer- 
 cury.”) Corrosive sublimate. A sub- 
 stance occurring in colorless crystals, or 
 crystalline masses, which are fusible by 
 heat, sublime without residue, and are 
 entirely soluble in water, alcohol, and 
 ether. Except in very minute doses, 
 corrosive sublimate, if taken internally, 
 is a dangerous poison. It is sometimes 
 applied externally, as a stimulant and 
 escharotic, to indolent or malignant 
 ulcers. Albumen forms an insoluble 
 and comparatively harmless compound 
 with corrosive sublimate. Hence, in 
 cases of poisoning from this substance, 
 the white of eggs beaten up with water 
 affords an excellent antidote. In case 
 eggs cannot be procured, copious draughts 
 of milk, or wheat flour mixed with water, 
 may be substituted. See Poisons. 
 
 Mydrar'gyri Clilo'rMnm Mi'te.* 
 22 * 
 
 (“Mild Chloride of Mercury.”) Tlifr 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the. 
 substance popularly known as Calomel 
 It occurs in the form of a white powder, 
 which is tasteless and inodorous, wholly 
 volatilizable by heat, and insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. Calomel is 
 esteemed the most valuable of all mer- 
 curial preparations. In minute doses it is 
 an excellent alterative; in larger ones it 
 is a purgative and anthelmintic. It pos* 
 sesses this great advantage, that in small 
 doses it is not liable to be rejected by 
 the most irritable stomach. But unhap- 
 pily, like other mercurials, it acts un- 
 equally on different constitutions; so 
 that the prudent physician will always 
 be on his guard against salivation 
 and other more serious results from its 
 too free use, — more especially if he be 
 not thoroughly acquainted with the con- 
 stitutional peculiarities of his patient. 
 Even a very moderate and cautious ex- 
 hibition of this remedy has sometimes 
 been followed by the most terrible and 
 fatal effects. 
 
 Mydrar'gyri £y-an'i-dum* (“ Cy- 
 anide of Mercury”), otherwise called 
 
 Mydrar'gyri £y-an-u-re'tiim* (U.S. 
 Ph., 1850). A substance occurring in 
 white prismatic crystals wholly soluble 
 in water. It is an active poison, but it 
 is sometimes given in very minute doses 
 in syphilitic complaints. 
 
 Mydrar'gyri I-©d'i-duin Ru'- 
 bruin.* (“ Red Iodide of Mercury.”) 
 A red powder, which becomes yellow 
 when heated, and red again when cold. 
 It is wholly volatilized by heat. It is 
 insoluble in water, but is dissolved by 
 boiling alcohol. The red iodide of mer- 
 cury is a powerful and irritant poison. 
 It is high'y recommended, in very mi- 
 nute doses, as a remedy in rheumatism 
 dependent on syphilitic taint. 
 
 Mydrar'gyri lod'idmn V5r'i-de* 
 (“ Green Iodide of Mercury”), otherwise 
 called Mydrar'gyri lod idum* (U.S. 
 Ph., 1850). A greenish-yellow powder, 
 which becomes red when heated. It is 
 insoluble in water and alcohol. Its 
 properties are similar to those of the 
 preceding preparation, but it is less 
 active. 
 
 Mydrar'gyri Ox'i-dum Rn- 
 brain.* (“Red Oxide of Mercury.”) 
 Red Precipitate. An orange-red pow der, 
 entirely soluble in muriatic acid. When 
 heated, it gives off oxygen. As an ex- 
 ternal application it is used in the form 
 of ointment and in powder. 
 
 253 
 
HYD 
 
 HYD 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Swb-wm'rS-as.* 
 
 (“Submuriate of Mercury.”) See Hy- 
 BRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MlTE. 
 
 Mydrar'gyri Sul'pflias Fla'va* 
 (“ Yellow Sulphate of Mercury”), other- 
 wise called My {liras* 'g-yri Sail' pBias 
 Fla'vas* (U.S. Ph., 1850). Turpeth 
 mineral. A lemon-yellow powder, spa- 
 ringly soluble in water. It is entirely 
 dissipated by heat. It is used as an 
 alterative, emetic, and errhine. 
 
 My cl rar 'gyri Siii-pEi 11-re'tum 
 Wi'gruan.* (“Black Sulphuret of Mer- 
 cury.”) See iErmops Mineral. 
 
 Mydrar gyri Siilphiirc fimi Rm'» 
 brum.* (“ lied Sulphuret of Mercuiy.”) 
 Cin'nabar. A substance occurring in 
 brilliant crystalline masses of a deep- 
 red color and fibrous texture. It is 
 entirely volatilized by heat. 
 
 Mydrargys*i Unguentum. See 
 Unguentum Hydrargyri. 
 
 I ly-d rar-gy r 'i-a.* [From hydrar- 
 gyrum, “ mercury.”] An erythematous 
 redness sometimes produced by an over- 
 use of mercury; also applied to any 
 morbid effects arising from its abuse as a 
 medicine. 
 
 My-drar-£;y-ri'a-sis.* [From vfyap- 
 y'>po g, “mercury.”] The effect arising 
 from the administration of mercury ; 
 inercurialism. See Hydrargyrosis. 
 
 My-drar-gyr'ie. [Mydrargyr'i- 
 cus.J Belonging to hydrargyrum, or 
 mercury. 
 
 Mydrargyris. See Hydrargyria. 
 
 My-drar-gy. ro 'sis.* The same as 
 Hydrargyriasis, which see. 
 
 My-drar'gy-rum,* gen. My-drar'- 
 gy-ri. [From v tup, “ water,” or “ liquid,” 
 and apyvpog, “silver.”] (Fr. Jfercure, 
 m^R'kiin', or Vi/ Argent, v£f aR'zhoN 0 '.) 
 Literally, “liquid silver.” The Pharma- 
 copoeial name || for quicksilver, or mer- 
 cury. See Mercury. 
 
 Hydrargyrum Am-mo-ua-a'- 
 fcuiu.* (“Ammoniated Mercury.”) 
 White Precipitate. A substance occur- 
 ring in white powder, or pulverulent 
 masses, decomposed and entirely dissi- 
 pated by a strong heat, insoluble in 
 water and alcohol, but dissolved without 
 effervescence by muriatic acid. It is 
 used in medicine only as an external 
 application. 
 
 Hydrargyrum cum Cre'ta.* 
 
 (“ Mercury with Chalk.”) A mixture 
 composed of three parts of mercury and 
 five of chalk; used as a mild mercurial 
 alterative for children. 
 
 Myd-rar-tbro'.sis.* The morbid 
 264 
 
 diathesis indicated by the occurrence of 
 
 hydrarthrus. 
 
 My-drar'thrus.* [From vdup, 
 “water,” and apOpor, a “joint.”] The 
 disease white-swelling ; sometimes called 
 Spina Vcntosa. A genus of the order 
 Tumor es, class Locales, of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. 
 
 My-dras'ti§.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of the Hy- 
 drastis Canadensis. 
 
 My'drate. [Hy'dras, a ’tis; from 
 vSa )p, “ water.”] A combination of water 
 with an oxide : a hydro-oxide. 
 
 My'drat-ed. [Ilydra'tus; from 
 hy’dras, a “hydrate.”] Applied to sub- 
 stances combined with water. 
 
 My-drau'flic. [Hydraul'icus ; 
 
 from v5(op, “ water,” and avXucog, “ belong- 
 ing to a pipe.”] Belonging to the con- 
 veyance of water through pipes. 
 
 My-drau'flics. [Mydraul'ica ; 
 from the same.] The art of constructing 
 engines to convey or raise water through 
 pipes ; a branch of hydrodynamics. That 
 branch of Natural Philosophy which 
 treats of the motions of liquids, and the 
 laws by which they are regulated. 
 
 My-dren-sejpH-a-fli'tis, idis* [From 
 hydrenceph' alas.] Hydrocephalus, with 
 inflammation. 
 
 My-drcin-^e-plBal'o-^ele.^ [From 
 
 v3(op, “water,” and encephaV ocele, “tumor 
 of the h ad.”] Hydrocephalic tumor, or 
 hernia. 
 
 My -dren-^eph 'a-lus. [From v6cop, 
 “ water,” and iyictyaXog, “ within the 
 head.”] Water in the head. The same 
 
 as hydrocephalus. 
 
 My-dirl'o-date. [Mydrio'das. 
 
 a ’tis.] A combination of hydriodic acid 
 with a base. 
 
 My-dra-od'ic. [Mydriod'icws ? 
 
 from vScop, “water,” and iod’inum, 
 “ iodine.”] Belonging to water and 
 iodine. Applied to ah acid. 
 
 My-dro-a'ri-um.* [From vdcop, 
 “water,” and t odpior, an “ovule,” the 
 “ ovary”?] Dropsy of the ovary. 
 
 I 2 y-dro-bro'mate. [Mydrobro'- 
 inas, a'Us.] A combination of hydro- 
 bromic acid with a base. 
 
 My-d ro-broui ic. [Iflydrobrom'* 
 teas.] Belonging to a combination of 
 hydrogen and bromine. Applied to an 
 acid. 
 
 Hy-d ro-car 'bo-uatc. [Myd ro- 
 
 carbo'nas. »'<£«. ] A combination of a 
 carbonate with a hydrate, or of a carbo- 
 nate and water. 
 
 IBy-dro-car'bu-ret. [Mydrocar- 
 
HYD 
 
 HYD 
 
 bure'tum.] A combination of hydrogen 
 and carbon with another body. 
 
 Hy-dro-cau'lis.* [From vdiop, 
 “ water/’ and cau'lis, a “ stem.”] Applied 
 to a knotty stem with sheathed leaves, 
 which float on the water. 
 
 My'dro-^ele.* [From wtap, “ water,” 
 and Kr\\r\ , a “tumor.”] Dropsy of the 
 testicle. Water, or other fluid, in the 
 membranes of the scrotum, the coats of 
 the testicle, or the cellular texture of the 
 spermatic cord. A genus of the order 
 Iniumescentise, class Cachexix, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 My'dro-^e-mo'sis.* [From vdiop, 
 “water,” and Kenocng, an “evacuation.”] 
 An evacuation of water, as in dropsy, 
 either by paracentesis, or hydragogue 
 medicines. 
 
 Mydroc^pEaale. See Hydroceph- 
 alus. 
 
 IHIy'dro-^e-pBtal'i-ciis.* Belonging 
 to hydrocephalus. 
 
 Mydr©cepfinalitis. See IIydren- 
 
 CEPIIALITIS. 
 
 Fly' dr© - a - lo - ?en - te'sis.* 
 
 [From hydroceph'alus, and KtvTpaig, a 
 “puncturing.”] The operation of punc- 
 turing the head in hydrocephalus. 
 
 My-dr©-«?eg>Bii'a-fl©id. [Hydro- 
 
 cejDihaloi'des ; from hydroceph'alus , 
 and zldog, a “ form.”] Resembling hy- 
 drocephalus. 
 
 IIy-dr©-$epfla'a-]his.* [From vdiop, 
 “ water,” and Kzipa\r\, the “ head.”] 
 (Fr. Hydrocephale , 6'dRO v sAf&l'.) Lite- 
 rally, “ water in the head.” Dropsy of 
 the brain. A genus of the order Intn- 
 mescentise, class Cachexise , of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Mydr©c3aaridaceae, :;: hi-dro-kar-i- 
 da'she-e. [From Hydroch' aris, one of 
 the genera.] A natural order of en- 
 dogenous aquatic plants, natives of fresh 
 water, in Europe, India, and North 
 America. It includes the Vallisneria 
 spiralis. 
 
 MydrocBiarMes,* hi-dro-kar'e-dez. 
 The Jussieuan name of a natural order 
 of plants. See Hydrocharidaceas. 
 
 Ily-d B*©-€Bal© ' rate. [My drocSil© 
 ras, a'^'s.] A combination of hydro- 
 chloric acid with a base. 
 
 My-dro-elalo'ric. [MydrocSil©'- 
 ricus.] Belonging to hydrogen or 
 chlorine. Applied to an acid formerly 
 termed muriatic acid. 
 
 My-dro-eBilo'rsne. [Mydroctilo- 
 ri'na.] A compound of hydrogen and 
 chlorine. 
 
 My-dro-ehol-e-sys'tis, \dis% [From 
 
 vdiop, “water,” * 0X17 , “bile,” and kv ( mg. a 
 “bag.”] Dropsy of the gall-bladder. 
 
 IGy-d ro-e Dsol-e-^y s- 1 i ' tls, idis.% 
 [From hydrocholecys tis.] Dropsy of the 
 gall-bladder, with inflammation. 
 
 Ily-clro-^ir'so-^ele.* [From vdiop, 
 “ water,” Kipoog, a “ varix,” and *07X17, a 
 “tumor.”] Hydrocele, with varicose 
 veins, of the spermatic cord. 
 
 My-dro-^oe'li-a.* [From vdiop, 
 “water,” and Koi\ia, the “belly.”] The 
 same as Ascites, which see. 
 
 Hy-dro-cor'mus. :i: [FromvAop, “wa- 
 ter,” and Koppog, a “trunk.”] A stem or 
 stalk that is horizontal, and floats on 
 the water. 
 
 My-dro-ora'iti-a.* [From vdiop, 
 
 “water,” and icpavior, the “head.”] The 
 same as Hydrocephalus, which see. 
 
 Hy-dro-^y'a-nate. [ISydrocy'- 
 anas, a'<»*.] A combination of hydro- 
 cyanic acid with a base. 
 
 My d r©^*y-an ' ic. [ My <1 roey a n 
 ieus.J Belonging to hydrogen and cyan- 
 ogen. Applied to an acid also termed 
 cyanic. 
 
 Hy-dro-^ys'tis, i dis.% [From vdiop, 
 “water,” and kvo rig, a “vesicle.”] A 
 hydatid or hy'drocyst. 
 
 I3y-(5r«-(ier'ma, a tis.% [From vdiop, 
 “ water,” and dippa, the “ skin.”] The 
 same as Anasarca, which see. 
 
 Ily-dro'des.* [From vdiop, “ water.”] 
 Full of water: hy'drous. 
 
 My-dro-dy-nam'ic. [Hydrody- 
 laam'icus; from vdiop, “water,” and 
 dvvapig, “power.”] Belonging to the 
 power of water, or other fluids. 
 
 My-dro-dy-nani'ics. [Ifydrody- 
 nam'ica: from the same.] The science 
 which applies the principles of dynamics 
 to determine the conditions of motion or 
 rest in fluid bodies. It is usually divided 
 into two branches, hydrostatics and hy- 
 draulics. — (Brande.) 
 
 My-droe-de'naa, [From vdiop, 
 
 “water,” and oidhpa, a “swelling.”] 
 Watery oedema. 
 
 Mydroenceplialiis. See Hydren- 
 cephalus. 
 
 Hy-dro-fla'ate. [Mydroriuas, 
 
 a'tis.] A combination of hydrofluoric 
 acid with a base. 
 
 Hy-ds*o-fln-or'ic. [Hydrofluor- 
 icus.] Belonging to hydrogen and flu- 
 orine. Applied to an acid, also termed 
 fluoric. 
 
 My dro-gen. [Mydrog“e'nium ; 
 
 from vdiop, “water,” and yewaio, to “pro- 
 duce.”] (Fr. Hydrogene, &'diio'zhen .) 
 The lightest ascertained substance ; a 
 255 
 
HYD 
 
 HYD 
 
 gas forming one of the constituents of 
 water ; iniiammable air. 
 
 My 'dro-gen-at-ed. [Hydrogen- 
 tVtns.j Having hydrogen in combina- 
 tion. 
 
 Hydrogen©. The French term for 
 Hyd rogen, which see. 
 
 Efy-dir©-§r©-iiif'e-rous. [Mydroge- 
 
 ii if 'eras; from hydroge'nium, " hydro- 
 gen,” aud fe'ro, to "bear.”] Containing 
 hydrogen. 
 
 My-drog/no-sy. [Hydrogaso'sia ; 
 
 from v5ojp, " water/’ and yrurng, " know- 
 ledge.”] A history of the waters of the 
 terrestrial globe. 
 
 Hy-dro^'ra-p5iy. [Hydrogra'- 
 I>laia; from vScop, u water,” and ypa H wo, to 
 " write.”] A description of the waters 
 distributed on the earth’s surface, parti- 
 cularly with reference to the course and 
 magnitude of rivers, the bearings of the 
 coasts, the depths, currents, and other 
 circumstances required to be known for 
 the purposes of navigation. 
 
 ffly-dro-Iise'mi-a.* [From v6 cop, " wa- 
 ter,” and alpa, "blood.”] Wateriness, or 
 a poor state, of the blood: hydrohe'my. 
 
 Hy-dro-lwein'ic, or Hy-dro- 
 liem'ic. [HydroSisem'icus.] Be- 
 longing to hydrohsemia , or an impover- 
 ished condition of the blood. 
 
 IIy-dro-3iys'te-ra.* [From vScop, 
 " water,” and verrspa, the "womb.”] The 
 same as Hydrometra. 
 
 Hy-drol'o-gy. [Mydrolo'gia ; 
 from vSc op, "water,” and Aoyoj, a "dis- 
 course.”] The science which treats of 
 water, its properties, uses, etc. 
 
 My-dr©-m»'na-a.* [From vScop, 
 " water,” and pavia, " madness.”] A rage 
 for water. 
 
 Hy'dro-mel. [Hydrom'eli; from 
 vS-op, "welter,” and ps\i, "honey.”] Wa- 
 ter impregnated with honey. 
 
 Ily-diro-aien-m-gi'tis, id is.* 
 
 [From vSpcop, "dropsy,” and meningVtis .] 
 Dropsy complicated with inflammation 
 of the membranes of the braiu. See 
 Meningitis. 
 
 Hy-dram'e-ter. [Hydronn'e- 
 
 tram: from v5u >p, "water,” and pi rpo.>, a 
 "measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
 taining the specific gravity of fluids. 
 See Areometer. 
 
 My-dro-aflie'tra.* [From vtycop. 
 " dropsy,” and pnrpa, the "womb.”] 
 Dropsy of the uterus , or womb. A genus 
 of the order Intumescentm , class Cachexisp, 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 My-drom'plia-Um,* or lly-drom'- 
 plia-lum.* [From vSpcoip, " dropsy,” and 
 256 
 
 dp'pa\6g, the "navel.”] A tumor of the 
 umbilicus, containing water. 
 
 My-drou'e-phros,* or Hy-dron'e- 
 ptirws.* [From vSpcoip, "dropsy,” and 
 vtypo;, the "kidney.”] Dropsy of the 
 kidney. 
 
 Hy-dro-ne-phro'sis. $ The progress 
 
 of hydronephrus. 
 
 My-dron'o-sos,* or My-dron'o- 
 
 sus.* [From vS up, "water,” and voaog, 
 "disease.”] Water-disease,* dropsy. In- 
 correctly put for the Anglicus Sudor, or 
 sweating sickness. 
 
 Hy-dro-patti ' ic. [Mydropath 'i- 
 
 cus.j Belonging to hydropathy. 
 
 fly-drop a-ttiy. [Hydropathi'a ; 
 
 from vScop, “ water,” and nuOog, " disease.”] 
 A system of treating diseases by the 
 plentiful use, internal and external, of 
 water, mostly cold or tepid. 
 
 Hy-d ro-pe-de 'sis.* [From vScop, 
 "water,” and nriSaco, to "spring or rush 
 forth.”] Excessive perspiration. 
 
 Hy-dro-pel-tid'e-ae.* [From Hy- 
 dropel’tis, a name of one of the genera 
 (from vScop, "water,” and n&rr], a "kind 
 of small shield,” because the leaves are 
 shaped like a shield).] A synonym of a 
 natural order of aquatic plants, called 
 "Water-shields.” See Cabombaceje. 
 
 Hy-dro-per i-car'di-um.** [From 
 vSpcoip, " dropsy,” and pericardium.] 
 Dropsy of the pericardium. 
 
 Hy-dro-i>er*i-to*iiae'um. s [From 
 vcptoip, "dropsy,” and peritoneum.] The 
 same as Ascites. 
 
 My'dro-pfiiane. [From xdcop, "wa- 
 ter,” and (paivupcu, to "appear.”] A 
 variety of opal which becomes transpa- 
 rent, when immersed in pure water. 
 
 fly-dro-plii-mo'sis.* [From i k'op, 
 "water,” and <pipcxri$, a "constriction.”] 
 Phimosis with, or consequent upon, 
 oedema of the prepuce. 
 
 My-d ro- pli o ' bi-a . * [From vScop, 
 " water,” and cpoicco, to "fear;” bccauso a 
 dread or horror of water is one of its 
 symptoms.] (Fr. Rage, r&/,h.) Mad- 
 ness caused by the bite of a rabid dog, 
 or other animal. A genus of the order 
 Spasmi , class Neuroses , of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. See Lyssa, and Rabies. 
 
 Hy-dro-pSiob'k. [Hydrophob'- 
 icus. ] Belonging to hydrophobia. 
 
 Hy-d roplh-t hal ' may • [E3y d roph- 
 thal'mia; from vSpuf^, "dropsy,” and 
 6[>0a\p6 the " eye.”] Dropsy of the eye : 
 also, anasarcous swelling of the eyelid; 
 Ocufua Elephantinu8. 
 
 Hydropliyllaceae/* hi-dro-fil -la'- 
 she-e. [From Hydrophyl'lum, one of the 
 
II YD 
 
 IIYD 
 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 plants, mostly natives of America. 
 
 Hy-dro-pliyl'le-tis.* [From vSwp, 
 “ water/’ and (pvWov, a “ leaf.”] Applied 
 in the plural feminine [Hydrophyl- less) to 
 a family of plants, having for their type 
 the Hydrophyllum. 
 
 HywJro-phys'o-^ele.^ [From viwp, 
 “ water,” (pvaa, “flatus,” and a 
 
 “tumor.”] Hernia, the sac of which 
 contains fluid and air. 
 
 My-dro-plhys-o-me'tra.- [From 
 v dojp, “water,” $wa, “flatus,” and pf]rpa, 
 the “womb.”] Accumulation of serum 
 and gas in the womb. 
 
 My ' d ro-ph y t© . [Hyclropla'ytom ; 
 from vdup, “ water,” and (frordu, a “ plant.”] 
 A plant which grows in water. 
 
 Iffy ■<! ro-ptiy-tog* ' ra-phy. [Ely- 
 dropHiytog'ra'pliia ; from hydroph'y- 
 ton , a “hydrophyte,” and ypu0o>, to 
 “write.”] A description of Hydrophyta, 
 or water-plants. 
 
 My-dro-pBiy-fol'o-gy. [Kydro- 
 
 pliytolo'gfifti; from hydroph'yton, a 
 “hydrophyte,” and Aoyo?, a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on water-plants. 
 
 Hy-drpp'ic. [Lat. Iffy drop' lews; 
 Fr. Hydropique , &'dRo'pek'.] Belonging 
 to hydrops , or dropsy. 
 
 Hydropisie. See Hydrops. 
 
 Hy'dro-pneu'mo-tBiio'rax.* The 
 complication of pneumo-thorax with 
 dropsical effusion. 
 
 Hy-d ro-po-i 'deS/ [From vdpwif, 
 “dropsy,” and eUoi, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling dropsy. 
 
 My 'drops, -gen. Hy-ilro'pis. [Gr. 
 
 vdpojip, from vScjp, “water;” Fr. Hydropi- 
 sie, &'dRo'p£'z£'.] The dropsy. An un- 
 natural or morbid collection of serous 
 fluid in the cellular tissue, or in any of 
 the cavities of the body. When this 
 fluid is diffused through the entire cel- 
 lular tissue of the body, the disease is 
 termed General Dropsy, or Anasarca ; 
 if contained in the abdomen, it is 
 called Ascites; if in the head, Hydro- 
 cephalus,— of which a notice will be 
 found in their alphabetical places. 
 
 Ily 'drops Ar-tic'u-li.* Dropsy of 
 a joint; generally occurring in that of 
 the knee, in which the synovial mem- 
 brane is filled with a fluid less glairy, 
 and thinner, than the natural synovia. 
 
 My 'drops Sne'ews.* (“Dry Drop- 
 sy.”) An absurd term for tympanites. 
 
 Mydropyretus. See Hydronosus. 
 
 My-dror'cHiis.* [From vcVnp, “wa- 
 ter,” and opxtg, a “testicle.”] Dropsy of 
 the testicle. 
 
 Hy-dror-rlta-chi tis, idis* or Iffy- 
 dror'rlia-clifls.* [From tidwp, “ water,” 
 and the “vertebral column.”] 
 
 Dropsy of the spine. A genus of the 
 order Intumescentise , class Cache aim, of 
 Cullen’s Nosology. See Riiachiociiysis. 
 
 Hy-dro-sar'ea.* [From vicop, “wa- 
 ter,” and <ra p£, “flesh.”] The same a» 
 Anasarca. 
 
 Hy-dros'ta-sfis.- [From fdwp, “wa^ 
 ter,” and araciq, a “standing.”] The 
 equilibrium, weight, or pressure of wa- 
 ter, or liquid bodies. 
 
 IB y-dB*©-stal'ie. [Iffydrostat ictis ; 
 from vdup, “water,” and GrariKrj, the 
 “science of weights.”] Belonging to 
 the weight, pressure, or equilibrium of 
 liquid bodies. 
 
 Mydrostat'ie Kcd. Otherwise called 
 a Water Bed. A kind of bed or trough, 
 capable of holding water, and covered 
 with water-proof cloth; or a bed-tick 
 made of water-proof cloth and filled with 
 water. The great advantage of such a 
 bed is that it presses equally on every 
 part of the lower surface of the body; 
 and it is always ready for use without 
 being shaken up. 
 
 Hydrostatic Test. The putting 
 the lungs of a dead child in water, to 
 ascertain, by their foaling or sinking , 
 whether it has been born alive. 
 
 My-rtro-stat'ics. [Iff ydrostat'ica ; 
 from the same.] That science which 
 explains the properties of the equilibrium 
 and pressure of liquids. 
 
 Iffy-dro-suTplm-ret. [Ilydrosul- 
 phure'tiim; from v dwp, “water,” and 
 sul'phur .] A combination of sulphu- 
 retted hydrogen with a base. 
 
 Hy-dro-swl-phw'ric A^'id. Sul- 
 phuretted hydrogen gas. 
 
 My-dro-tlto'rax, a 'c/s.* [From 
 vSwp, “water,” and 0 /a£, the “chest.”] 
 (Fr. Hydropisie de Poiirine, e'dRo'pe'z^' 
 deh pw&'tnen'.) Dropsy of the chest. 
 A genus of the order Intumescentise, class 
 Cachexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Hydrous. See Hydrodes. 
 
 Hydrovarium. See Hydroarittm. 
 
 Uy-dro-zo on ,* Iff y-d r o-z© ' si ni 
 [From v6(np, “water.” and <wov, an “ani- 
 mal.”] Applied in the plural (Hydro- 
 zo'a) to certain animals, including the 
 Moll u sea and Zoophyta, to which water 
 •is indispensable. 
 
 Hy'dne-ret. [Hydrnre'tirim from 
 
 vtup, “water.”] A combination of hy- 
 drogen with a metal, or inflammable 
 substance. 
 
 My-dru-ret'ted. [Mydrnre'tus; 
 
 257 
 
HYE 
 
 HYO 
 
 from o<W. “ water/’] Containing hydro- 
 gen. 
 
 fiIy-e4o-gTa'j)lii-«a.* [From verog, 
 “rain,” and ypu^w, to “write.”] An 
 account or description of rain, and the 
 quantity fallen within a given period. 
 
 My-e-tom'e-ter. [Hyetorn'etrum ; 
 from verog , “rain,” and perpov, a “mea- 
 sure.”] An instrument for ascertaining 
 the quantity of rain that falls in a given 
 period. 
 
 Hy-ge'ia,* or Hy-£i-e'ia.* [Gr. 
 
 'Yy'uia, “health;” also, the goddess of 
 Health ; from vyii “ sound,” “healthy.”] 
 See Hygiene. 
 
 Hy-gl-as'ti-ca.* [From hygias'ticus , 
 “relating to health.”] The science of 
 health, its conditions and relations. 
 
 My-gl-as'ti-cus.* [From vy'ieia, 
 “health.”] Relating to health. 
 
 Hy-gi-el-o-co ' mi-um. ;:: [From 
 
 vyieia, “health,” and Kopico, to “take 
 care of.” ] A house or residence for the 
 convalescent. 
 
 My'gl-ene. [From vy'ieia, “health.”] 
 That department of medicine which has 
 for its direct object the preservation of 
 health, or the prevention of disease. 
 
 Hy-gi-en'ic. [Lat. Mygien'icws; 
 Fr. Hygienique , 6'zhe-An£k'.] Belong- 
 ing to hygiene. 
 
 Hy-gl-ol'o-gy, or My-ge-ol'o-gy. 
 [Hygeiolo'gia, or Mygieiolo'gia ; 
 
 from vyieia, “health,” and Xoyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] The doctrine or consideration 
 of health; the science of health. 
 
 Hy-gre-elie'iita, a tis.% [From vypog, 
 “moist,” and fati, a “sound.”] The 
 sound of fluid heard by means of the 
 stethoscope, or by percussion. 
 
 Hy-grol'o-gy. [Hygrolo'gia; from 
 vypog, “ moist,” and Xoyog, a “ discourse.”] 
 A treatise on fluids, or humors. 
 
 Hy-gro'ma, a tis.* [From vypog, 
 “moist.”] A tumor containing serum 
 or other fluid, not pus. 
 
 My-groma-tous. [Ifygromato'- 
 sus.] Having hygroma. 
 
 My-grom'e-ter. [Hygrom'e- 
 
 truin ; from vypdg , “ moist,” and perpov, 
 a “measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
 taining the degree of moisture in atmo- 
 spheric air. 
 
 lly-gro-met'ric. [Iffygromet'ri- 
 
 cas.] Belonging to hygrometry. 
 
 Ify-gToni'e-trjr. [Hygromet'ria; 
 
 from vypog , “moist,” and perpeio, to “mea- 
 sure.”] The art of measuring or ascer- 
 taining the degree of moisture in atmo- 
 spheric air. 
 
 My'gro-scope. £j» rom « moist,” 
 258 
 
 and owTfa), to “observe,” or “examine.”] 
 An instrument for ascertaining the de- 
 gree of moisture in the air, or in any 
 substance; nearly synonymous with Hy- 
 grometer. 
 
 Hy-gro-sco-pi^'i-ty. [Hygrosco- 
 
 pi^'itas, a 'tis; from the same.] The 
 property by which vegetable tissues ab- 
 sorb or discharge moisture according to 
 circumstances. 
 
 Hy-gros'c«*py. [Hygrosco'jpaa; 
 
 from the same.] Synonymous with Hy- 
 grometry. 
 
 Hy-log-no'si-a.* [From v\rj, “ma- 
 terial,” or “matter,” and yvuxng, “know- 
 ledge.”] A knowledge of the properties 
 of matter. 
 
 Hy-lol'o-gy. [Hylolo'gia; from 
 ijXj 7 , “material,” or “matter,” and Xoyog, 
 a “discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
 of matter. 
 
 JHy'men,* gen. Hy'men-is. [From 
 vpfp >, a “ thin membrane.”] Any mem- 
 brane. Usually applied to a thin mem- 
 brane, of a circular, semilunar, or irregu- 
 lar form, extending across the vagina at 
 its entrance. 
 
 Hy-men'i-cus.* Belonging to the 
 hymen : hymen'ic. 
 
 Hy-me-iii'tis, i die.* [From hy'men, 
 a “membrane.”] Inflammation of the 
 hymen. 
 
 Ily-me'iii-iim.* [From hy'men, a 
 “membrane.”] The dilated exposed 
 membrane of gymnocarpous mushrooms 
 in which the seed is contained. 
 
 Hy-me-nogra-phy. [Hymeno- 
 gra'pHiia; from vpr\v, a “membrane,” 
 and yp'i0w, to “ write.”] A description 
 of the membranes of animal bodies. 
 
 Hy-me-nol'o-gy. [Hymenolo'- 
 gia; from vprjv, a “membrane,” and X<5- 
 yog, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
 membranes; the science of the mem- 
 branes. 
 
 Uyme-no-mada'ci-a- (-ma-la'- 
 she-a). [From vpiiv, a “membrane,” and 
 paXaKog, “soft.”] Morbid softening of 
 the (serous) membranes. 
 
 IIy-me-nog>'tcr-©MH. [Hyinenop- 
 terms; from vpnv, a “membrane,” and 
 iTTipov, a “wing.”] Having membranous 
 wings. Applied in theneuterplural {Hyme- 
 nop’tera) to an order of insects including 
 the bee, the wasp, and also the ant. 
 
 Ily-uie-not'o-iiiy. [Ilyiiieiioto- 
 inia: from vpnv, a “membrane,” and rip iw, 
 to “cut.”] Dissection of membranes. 
 
 iiy '©-. A prefix denoting connection 
 with the off hyoid eft. 
 
 Ily-o-glos'sus.* [From hy'o -, and 
 
HYO 
 
 HYP 
 
 yXcuo-o-a. the “tongue.”] A large muscle 
 of the neck, connecting the Os hy aides 
 with the tongue. 
 
 My'oid. [Hyoi'des ; from v, a 
 Greek letter, and ei6og, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling the Greek letter v. 
 
 Ily-os-^y'a-tni Fo'li-um or Fo'- 
 
 H-a.* (“ Henbane Leaf or Leaves.”) The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Pli.) for the 
 leaves of the Hyoscy'amus ni'yer . See 
 Hyoscyamus. 
 
 I3yosey'ami Se'mcn. ii: (“Henbane 
 Seed.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the seed of the Iiyoscy' amus 
 ni'yer. 
 
 Hy-os-^y'a-min. A vegetable al- 
 kali obtained from Hyoscyamus niger. 
 
 Hy-os-^y'a-mus.* [From vs, a 
 “sow,” and svapog, a “bean.”] (Fr. Jus- 
 quiame, zhiis'ke-im'.) A Linnsean genus 
 of the class Pent and ria, natural order 
 Solanacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Brit. Pharm.) for the fresh and 
 dried stalk-leaves of Hyoscyamus niger ; 
 the Hyoscyami Folia et Semina (“Leaves 
 and Seeds of Hyoscyamus”) of the 
 Dublin Pharmacopoeia. Hyoscyamus 
 (including both leaves and seed) is 
 a narcotic, and is much used as an 
 anodyne and soporific. It possesses 
 this great advantage over opium, that 
 it has no tendency to constipate the 
 bowels. 
 
 Hyoscy'amus Ni'ger.* The black 
 henbane. 
 
 Hyp-. [From vnd, “under.”] A pre- 
 fix denoting a slight degree. 
 
 Hyp-al'gl-a.* [From hyp-, and «X- 
 yog, “pain.”] Slight pain. 
 
 Hyi»-al'gi-cus. : ‘ Belonging to hyp- 
 algia: hypal'gic. 
 
 Hyper (vnep). A Greek preposition 
 signifying “above,” “beyond,” and, 
 hence, “excessive” (i.e. implying excess); 
 as, hyper-carbonate, a carbonate with an 
 excess of carbonic acid, now called a bi- 
 carbonate ; hypercatharsis, excessive ca- 
 tharsis or purging, etc. 
 
 ffy-per-a-cu'sfls.* [From inep, 
 “over,” “excessive,” and two w?, “hear- 
 ing.”] Morbid exaltation of the sense 
 of h aring. 
 
 ffly’per-ad e-uo'raa, a tis* [From 
 vnep, “over,” “excessive,” and ain'iv, a 
 “gland.”] An enlarged, or hypertro- 
 phied, gland. 
 
 My'per-ad'e-no'sis.* [From the 
 same.] The progress, or gradual ad- 
 vancing, of hyperadenoma. 
 
 Hy-per-aeiiM-a.^ [From vnep, 
 “over,” “excessive,” and alpa, “blood.”] 
 
 (Fr. Ilypirimie, ^'pA,'rd,'m6'.) Excess of 
 blood in any part. 
 
 My-per-srs-tiie'sis.* [From bnep, 
 “over,” “excessive,” and sesthe'sis , 
 “ sensibility.”] Morbid increase of sensi- 
 bility. 
 
 My-per-aes-thet'i-cus.* Belonging 
 
 to hyper sesthesis : hyperesthet'ic. 
 
 liy-per-a'plii-a.* [From vnep, 
 
 “over,” “excessive,” and cupt, “touch,” 
 or “tact.”] Over-tension, or excessive 
 sensibility of touch. 
 
 Hy-per-aph'I-cus.* Belonging to 
 hyperaphia : hyperaph'ic. 
 
 Hy-per-as-the'nl-a.* [From vnep, 
 “over,” “excessive,” and asthe'nia, “loss 
 of strength.”] Excessive debility. 
 
 Hy-per-as-tBieu i-cus.* Belonging 
 to hyperasthenia. 
 
 1 1 y -per-l>o re-an. [ Myperbo ' re- 
 us; from vnep, “above,” or “beyond,” 
 and fiopeag, the “north wind.”] Dwell- 
 ing in the Tar northern parts of the 
 globe. 
 
 Hy-per-ca-thar'sis.* [From vn ip, 
 “over,” or “excessive,” and cathar'sis, 
 “purgation.”] Excessive purging. 
 
 1 1 y-per-ca- tiiar ' ti-cus. ;;: Belonging 
 to hyper catharsis : hypercathar'tic. 
 
 ISy-per-ci-ne'sis.* Increased irri- 
 tability of the muscles, producing spasm. 
 
 Hy-per'cri-sls.* A crisis of un- 
 usual severity. 
 
 lly-per-cro'max, a'cfs.* [From 
 vnep, “over,” “on,” and sp pa£, a “heap 
 of stones,” also a “lump.”] The small 
 carnosity on the white of the eye. 
 
 Hy-per-?y-e'ma, a tis* or Hy-per- 
 $y-e'sis.* [From vnep, “over,” “ex- 
 cessive,” and Kvncig, “uterine gestation.”] 
 Superfcetation. 
 
 IIy-per-£y-et i-cus.* Belonging to 
 
 hypercyesis. 
 
 Hy-per-dy-na'mi-a.* [From vnep, 
 “over,” “excessive,” an&dyna'mia, “vital 
 force.”] Excessive dynamia, or vital 
 force. 
 
 My-per-dy-nam'I-cus.* Belonging 
 to hyperdynamia: hyperdynam'ic. 
 
 My-per-em' e-sis.* [From vnep, 
 “ over,” “ excessive,” and em'esis, “ vomit- 
 ing.”] Excessive vomiting. 
 
 Ilyper-e-met'ic. [Hyperemet'i- 
 cus.] Belonging to hyperemesis. 
 
 Myperemie. See Hyperemia. 
 
 My- per-en 'er-gy • [My pei’cncr'* 
 gia; from bnep, “over,” “excessive,” 
 and ivepysia , “ action.”] Increased action 
 or energy. 
 
 My-per-gen 'e-sis.* [From vnep, 
 “over,” “excessive,” and yevw, to “be 
 259 
 
HYP 
 
 HYP 
 
 born.”] A congenital excess, or redun- 
 dancy of parts. 
 
 Ily-per-g'e-net'ic. [Hypergenet'- 
 icu.s.J Belonging to hypergenesis. 
 
 Ilyperbsemia. See Hyperemia. 
 
 My -per-Iii-clro'sis.* [From Up eg, 
 “ sweat.”] A term applied by Swediaur 
 to morbidly profuse perspiration. It is 
 also termed Ephidrosis. 
 
 My-per'I-ca,* the plural of Hyper'- 
 icam. forming the Jussieuan name of a 
 natural order of plants. See Hyperi- 
 CACE.E. 
 
 Mypericaeeae,* hi-per-e-ka'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous plants, 
 found in nearly all parts of the world. 
 It includes the Hyper' icum (St. Johns- 
 wort). Some of the species are astrin- 
 gent, and are used as tonics. 
 
 Hy-per-i-no'sis.* [From vnep, 
 “ o ver,” “ excessive,” and t?, ivog, the “ fibre 
 of flesh.”] A form of diseased blood, 
 consisting in excess of fibrin. 
 
 Ily-per-i-not'ic. [Kypermot'i- 
 cns.] Belonging to hyperinosis. 
 
 My-per-ner'vi-a,* Hy-per-neu'- 
 ri-a.* [From vnep, “over,” “excessive,” 
 and vcvpov, a “nerve.”] Excessive ner- 
 vous action. 
 
 Hy-per-op'si-a.* [Fromwi-fp, “over,” 
 and oipig, “vision.”] Extremely acute 
 vision. 
 
 My-per-os'mi-a.* [From vnep, 
 “over,” “excessive,” and oopri, “odor.”] 
 A keen sense of smell, or excessive odor. 
 
 Hy-per-os-pfiire'sis.* [From vnep, 
 “over,” “ excessive,” and oacpprjmg, the 
 “faculty of smelling.”] A morbidly 
 acute sense of smell. See Hyperosmia. 
 
 My-per-os-to'sis.* [From vnep, 
 “over,” or “excessive,” and onreov, a 
 “bone.”] Enlargement of a bone, or its 
 membranous covering. 
 
 Hy-per-pla'si-a.* [From vnep, 
 “over,” “excessive,” and n\dmg , “for- 
 mation,” or “ structure.”] The increase 
 of a part by an increase in the number 
 of its individual structural elements. 
 See Hypertrophy. 
 
 Ily-per-tropb'ic. [Hypertropla'- 
 leus.] Belonging to hypertrophy. 
 
 Hy-per'tro-ptiy- [My pert ro'- 
 
 pliia; from vnep, “over,” or “excessive,” 
 and rpetpo), to “nourish.”] Excessive 
 growth, thickening, or enlargement of 
 any organ. In a more restricted sense, 
 it signifies the increase of a part by the 
 increase in bulk of its individual structu- 
 ral elements. See Hyperplasia. 
 
 Hy-plia*' ma, ntis.% [From otto, “un- 
 der,” and alpa, “blood.”] Sugillation. 
 
 200 
 
 Myp-I-no'sis.* [From wo, “under,” 
 implying deficiency, and ig, ivog, the “ fibre 
 of flesh.”] A form of diseased blood, 
 consisting in deficiency of fibrin. 
 
 Hyp-i-not ic. [Hypinot 'iews.] 
 
 Belonging to hypinosis. 
 
 ISyp-nses-tlie'sis.* [From vnvog, 
 “sleep,” and aliaOnoig, “sense,” or “feel- 
 ing.”] Dulled sensibility; drowsi- 
 ness. 
 
 Myp'ni-ciis.* [From vnvog, “sleep.”] 
 Belonging to sleep: hypnic. Applied 
 in the neuter plural {Hyp' nica) to medi- 
 cines or agents affecting sleep, either by 
 inducing it or preventing it. 
 
 Hyp-no des. 5 [From vnvog, “sleep.”] 
 Sleepy, or full of sleep. 
 
 Hyp-no di-a. 5 [From hypno'des , 
 “sleepy.”] The same as Hypnaisthe- 
 sis, which see. 
 
 Hyp-nol'o-gy. [Mypnolo'gia ; 
 
 from vnvog, “sleep,” and A oyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] The doctrine or science of 
 sleep, its proper periods of indulgence, 
 duration, regulation, etc. 
 
 Hyp-not'ic. [Hypnot'icus; from 
 vnvog, “sleep.”] Having power to induce 
 sleep; somniferous. 
 
 llypno-tisni. [Mypnotis'mus ; 
 
 from vnvog, “sleep.”] A term denoting a 
 state of sleep; sometimes used for Mes- 
 merism. 
 
 II yp-no-ty' pirns.* [From vnvog , 
 “sleep,” and ty'p/ius.] Typhus, with 
 morbid drowsiness. 
 
 Ufy'po (vno). A Greek particle signi- 
 fying “under,” “beneath,” sometimes 
 “in,” or “behind.” It often implies 
 diminution or deficiency. 
 
 Ilyp-o-ae'ma Seor-buti-eum* 
 [From vno, “under,” “in,” or “within,” 
 and alpa, “blood.”] A scorbutic, blood- 
 shot appearance of the eye. 
 
 Myp-o-braiieh'i-al. [ifypobran- 
 chia'lis; from vn6, “under,” and Ppdy-. 
 \ia, the “gills.”] Applied by Owen to 
 the homologues of the lateral lingual 
 bones in fishes, etc. 
 
 llypooalyoius,* hip'o-ka-lish'e-us. 
 [From vt6, “under,” and ca'lyx.] Situ- 
 ated under the calyx. 
 
 Ilyp-o-ca-tliar'sis.* [From vno, 
 “under,” and Kadaipw, to “purge.”] A 
 slight purging. 
 
 Ilyp-o-ehon'clri-a, the plural of 
 
 Hypochondrium, which see. 
 
 Ilyp-o-ehon dri-ac. [ If y poclion- 
 
 dri'acus: from vn6, “under,” and \ov- 
 ?p6g, a “cartilage.”] (Fr. Hypocond ri- 
 aque, 6'po'k6N°'dRe'Ak'.) Belonging to 
 the hypochondria , or spaces beneath tlio 
 
HYP 
 
 HYP 
 
 cartilages of the false ribs. Applied to 
 one affected with hypochondriasis . 
 
 H y p-o- f lton-d **i [Ifyi)°- 
 
 clioiMlriacis'mus; from hypochon'dri- 
 tm . ] Hypochondriac disease. 
 
 HyP"0-el»on-dri^-sis. i: [From 
 
 hypochon' drium, the supposed seat of 
 the disease.] (Fr. Hypocondrie, 6'po'- 
 k<W»'dii£'.) Vapors ; low spirits. A genus 
 of the order A dynamise, class Neuroses, 
 of Cullen^s Nosology. Hypochondriasis 
 is almost invariably connected with dys- 
 pepsia, and is doubtless often produced 
 by it; though some physiologists consider 
 the seat of the disease to be in the brain. 
 
 1 1 y jj-o-cSi o n< 8 r I-ti ill , i: plural Hyp- 
 ©- 4 *lBOii'clri-a. [From vno, “ under/’ and 
 Xovdpos, a “ cartilage.”] The Regio hypo- 
 chondriaca, or space beneath the carti- 
 lages of the false ribs on either side. 
 
 Hypocondrie. See Hypochon- 
 driasis. 
 
 Myp-o-era-t£r'i-lorm. The same 
 as Hypocraterimorphous. 
 
 Hyp- o- era - ter - I - ntor ' phous. 
 
 [From vnoKparripiov, the “support of a bowl 
 or cup/’ a “salver,” and popeph, “form.”] 
 Salver-shaped : applied to flowers. 
 
 Hyp-o-der'niic. [Hypoder 'mi- 
 ens; from vno, “under,” and iie/pa, the 
 “ skin.”] A term for the application of 
 medicines under the skin ; that is, to the 
 denuded surface after the skin has been 
 removed by a blister. 
 
 Hyp-©g'a-la.* [From wd, “under,” 
 “in,” or “within,” and ydXa, “milk.”] 
 The effusion of a milk-like fluid into the 
 chambers of the eye. 
 
 Ilyp-o-g-as-tral'gi-a.* [From hypo- 
 gas' trium, and a\yos, “pain.”] Pain in 
 the hypogastrium. 
 
 Hyp-©-gas'tric. [Hypogas'tri- 
 ctis.] Belonging to the hypogastrium . 
 
 Sffypogos'tric Plex'us. A plexus 
 on the sides and back part of the rec- 
 tum, and lower and back part of the 
 bladder, formed by the inferior mesen- 
 teric plexus with the sacral. 
 
 Myp-o-gas-tri-o-to'mi-a.* [From 
 hypogas' trium, and repreo, to “ cut.”] 
 Dissection of the hypogastric region. 
 
 Hyp-o-gas-tri'tis, idis.% [From vno, 
 “under,” and gastri'tis, “inflammation 
 of the stomach.”] Slight inflammation 
 of the stomach. 
 
 Hyp-o-gas'trl-wm.* [From vno, 
 “under,” and yaorfip, the “stomach.”] 
 The abdominal space above the pubes 
 and below the line of the anterior supe- 
 rior spinous processes of the iliac bones. 
 
 Hyp-o-gas'tro-^ele.* [From vno, 
 23 
 
 “under,” yaorfip , the “stomach,” and 
 sriXrj, a “ tumor.”] Hernia in the hypo- 
 gastric region. 
 
 Hy p-o-gas-tror-rlia'gi-a.* [From 
 
 vno, “under,” “in a slight degree,” 
 and gastrorrha' gia .] Literally, a “ slight 
 discharge [of any kind] from the sto- 
 mach,” but usually applied to a slight 
 haemorrhage from the stomach. 
 
 My p-o-gas- 1 ror-r h ex 'is.* [From 
 hypogas' trium, and pri%ig, a “rupture.”] 
 ltupture of the abdomen, with laceration 
 of the peritonaeum. 
 
 IS y p-o-gas- 1 ror-r lice 'a. * [From 
 
 vn6, “under,” “in a slight degree,” 
 and gastrorrhoe'a, a “discharge from the 
 stomach.”] A slight flow of mucus from 
 the stomach. 
 
 Ilyp-c-ge'an. [Ilypoge'tis; from 
 vno, “ under,” and ye ), or yea, the “earth.”] 
 Applied to cotyledons which, filled with 
 nutritious matter, remain below the 
 ground during germination. 
 
 Hyp-o-ge-o-ear'pus.* [From vno , 
 “under,” yfj, or yea, the “earth,” and 
 sapnos, “fruit.”] Having fruit under the 
 surface of the earth. 
 
 Hyp-e-glos'sal. [Hypoglcs'sus; 
 from the same.] Situated on the under 
 part of the tongue. 
 
 Ilyp-o-glos'si-tim,* or Hypo- 
 g'los'sis, i dis* [From vn6, “under,” and 
 yXdiooa, the “tongue.”] The under-sur- 
 face of the tongue. See Par Nonum. 
 
 Hyp-o-glot'tis, i dis.% [From vno, 
 “under,” and yXcorra, the “tongue.”] 
 The inferior part of the tongue adhering 
 to the lower jaw. 
 
 Hyp-o-gyn'i-cus.* [From vno, 
 “under,” and ywh, a “woman,” or “fe- 
 male.”] Applied to the insertion of 
 stamens, petals, etc., when the point of 
 attachment is under the ovary : hypo- 
 gynic. 
 
 Hyp-ogy-nous. [Mypcg'ynos; 
 
 from the same.] Growing or inserted 
 under the pistil, and free, as the stamens, 
 calyx, and corolla of some plants. 
 
 Hyp-o-tise'nii-a.* [From vno, “un- 
 der,” and alpa, “blood.”] Deficiency or 
 loss of blood. 
 
 Hyp-o-lisem'ic. [If ypdisem'i- 
 
 cus.] Belonging to hypohsemia. 
 
 Hyp-o-ner'vha/ or Hyp-o-neii'- 
 ri-a.** [From vno, “under,” and vexyov , 
 a “nerve.”] Morbidly slight, or dimin- 
 ished, nervous power. 
 
 Hy-po-ni'trite. [Hyponi'tris, 
 
 i'tis.] A combination of hyponitrous 
 acid with a base. 
 
 Hyp-o-pe-ta'le-us.* 
 
 [From vno, 
 261 
 
HYP 
 
 HYS 
 
 “ under,” and ireraXov, a “ petal/'] Ap- 
 plied in the plural feminine ( Bypopeta '- 
 lese ) to dicotyledonous, polypetalous 
 plants, in which the stamens are hyp- 
 bgynous. 
 
 My-p«*pSn®s'pS 3 ite. [Hypoplios'- 
 
 pliis, i'tis.] A combination of hypo- 
 phosphorous acid with a base. 
 
 [IlypopSiyl'- 
 lns; from wo, “ under/’ and </>uAAoy, a 
 “leaf.”] Growing on the lower side of 
 a leaf. 
 
 IIyp-o'py-nn». :;: ' [From xm 6, “ un- 
 der,” and 7 iw, “pus.”] An accumula- 
 tion of a puriform fluid under the cornea, 
 or in either chamber of the eye. 
 
 ITyp-o-spa'clI-a.* [From wro, “ un- 
 der, ^ ” and to “tap,” or “open”?] 
 
 An unnatural perforation of the penis, 
 the extremity of the urethra terminating 
 on the under part of it. 
 
 Hyp-o-spa-di a-sis. [From hypo- 
 spa' dia .] The state of hypospadia. 
 
 Hyp-o-sta-min 'e-iis. i: [From hy'po-, 
 “under,” and sta'men.] Applied in the 
 plural feminine (Hypo startlin' ex) to dico- 
 tyledonous, apetalous plants, in which 
 the stamens are hypogynous. 
 
 Hyp-os'ta-sis.^ [From v'piarrjpu, to 
 “throw down.”] The subsidence of 
 sediment in liquids, or of blood in the 
 body after death, by gravitation of the 
 fluids; but, more particularly, of the 
 urine in health and disease. 
 
 Ilyji-os-tlie'ni-a.* [From vko, 
 
 “under,” and atisvog, “strength.”] A 
 state of weakness, or a reduction of 
 strength. 
 
 Slyp-os-then'ic. [Hyposthen'i- 
 Cus.J Belonging to hyposthenia. 
 
 lly-po-snl'paiate. [Myposul'- 
 
 plfoas, a'/?'*.] A combination of hypo- 
 sulphuric acid with a base. 
 
 Ily-po-stiB'pIiIte. A combination 
 of hyposulphurous acid with a base. 
 
 Hy-pot/e-iiuse, or Hy-poth'e- 
 mise. [Gr. vaortivo >o-a, the present par- 
 ticiple feminine of vroreivto, to “ subtend.”] 
 That side of a right-angled triangle 
 which subtends the right angle. 
 
 Iffyp-o-tyan'pa-nic. [ Hypotym- 
 p;m ecus: from vn6 , “under,” and tym- 
 pan'icus , “tympanic.”] Applied by 
 Owen to the inferior subdivision of the 
 tympanic pedie’e which supports the 
 mandible in fishes. 
 
 My-po-aso'i-cus.* [From vrr6, “un- 
 der,” and t wo', an “animal.”] Applied 
 to an order of rock formations, inferior 
 to all those in which arc found the traces 
 of organic bodies. 
 
 262 
 
 Hyp-si-Io-i'deS.* [From T, “upsi- 
 lon,” a Greek letter, and ddog, a “form.”] 
 The same as Hyoides. 
 
 Myp-so-met ri-eal. [Hypsomet'* 
 ricus.J Belonging to hypsometry. 
 
 Hyp^om'e-try. [Hypsometric; 
 from vxpog, “height,” and pterpeio, to “mea- 
 sure.”] The art of measuring the rela- 
 tive height of a place, or of a portion of 
 terrestrial ground. 
 
 Hys'so-pin. [Hyssopr'na; from 
 
 hysso'pus, the “hyssop-plant.”] A sali- 
 fiable base, said to have been discovered 
 in the hyssop. 
 
 H$ T s'te-ra.* [From varepa , the 
 
 “womb,” or “uterus.”] The uterus, or 
 womb; also, the vulva. 
 
 Hys-te-ral'gie. [Hysteral'gieus.] 
 Belonging to hysteralyia . 
 
 Hys-te-ral'gy. [Hysteral'gia; 
 from varepa, the “womb,” and oA yog, 
 “pain.”] Pain in the womb, from 
 whatever cause. 
 
 Mys-te-ran'dri-tis.* [From varepa , 
 the “ womb,” or “ovary,” and arf/p, arepog, 
 a “man,” or “male.”] Having stamens 
 and ovary. Applied in the plural neuter 
 (Hysteran'dria) to a class of a modified 
 sexual system, which comprehends 
 plants having more than ten stamens 
 inserted in one ovary. 
 
 Mys-ter-a-tre'sl-a. r * [From varepa, 
 the “womb,” and atre'sia, “ occlusion.’ ] 
 Occlusion of the womb, or an impervious 
 c nditl n of its opening. 
 
 Ifys-ter-el-co'sis.* [From varepa, 
 the “ womb,” and fAraj, an “ulcer.”] Ulcer- 
 ation of the womb. 
 
 ISys-tor-eni-phy-se'ma, a tisJ* 
 
 [From varepa, the “womb,” and eniphy - 
 8e'ma, a “ windy swelling.”] The . ame 
 as Physometra, or the presence of aik in 
 the womb. 
 
 Ifys-te'ri-a.* [From varepa, the 
 “womb.”] (Fr. Hysteric, ^s'ti'r^'.) Hys- 
 terics, attacking in paroxysms or fits, 
 usually preceded by dejection, anxict} 7 , 
 tears, difficult breathing, sickness, and 
 palpitation of the heart. Termed^ also, 
 Pas'sio hystr/ica (Fr. Passion hysterique, 
 ] jVse-AN°' £s’t&'rek'). A genus of the 
 order Spasmi, class Neuroses, of Cullen s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Hys-it^rl-eal, Ifys-t£r'ic. [ICys- 
 
 Belonging to hysteria. 
 
 Myst^rJe. Sec Hysteria. 
 
 My*-te-ri'4im, i dis.® [From varepa , 
 the “womb.”] Inflammation of the 
 womb. A genus of the order Phleyma- 
 sise, class Pyrerix. of Cullen’s Nosology* 
 See Metritis, and Uteritis. 
 
HYS 
 
 IAT 
 
 H^s'te-r«-car '^i-no'ina, a tis* 
 
 [From wrepa, the “ womb/’ and card - 
 uo'ma, “ cancer.”] Cancer of the womb. 
 See Metrocarcinoma. 
 
 Ilys'te-ro-cat'a-lep'sis.* [From 
 wrepa, the “ womb/’ and catalep' sis, “ cata- 
 lepsy.”] Cataleptic hysteria. 
 
 Ilys'te-ro-^ele.* [From wrepa, the 
 “womb,” and Kf/Xrj, a “tumor.”] Her- 
 nia, in which the uterus , or womb, is 
 protruded. 
 
 Ilys-te-ro-coll-ca.- [From wrepa, 
 the “womb,” and coVica, “colic.”] 
 Pains in the womb, like those of colic: 
 uterine colic. 
 
 Hys-te-ro-dyn'I-a.* [From wrepa, 
 the “womb,” and olvvrj, “pain.”] Pain 
 of the womb. The same as Hyster- 
 
 ALGIA. 
 
 Iffys'tc-roe-cle'flma, a tis.* [From 
 wrepa , the “womb,” and cede'ma, a 
 “swelling.”] Enlargement of the sub- 
 stance of the womb. 
 
 Hys' te-ro-li-t h i'a-sis.* [From 
 irrepa, the “womb,” and lithi'asis, the 
 “generation of calculus.”] The forma- 
 tion of calculus in the womb. 
 
 Hy s-te-rol ' I-tli us.* [From wrepa, 
 the “womb,” and X'tOog, a “stone.”] 
 Stone or calculus in the womb : a hys- 
 terolith. 
 
 Hys-te-rol'o-gy. [Hysterolo'gia ; 
 
 from wrepa, the “womb,” and Xoyoj, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on the womb, 
 its functions, etc. 
 
 llyste-ro-mal-a^co'ma, a tis.* 
 
 [From wrepa, the “womb,” and paXa/cog, 
 “soft.”] Softening of the womb. 
 
 ISys^e-ro-mal-a-co'sis.* The for- 
 mation or progress of liysteromalacoma, 
 or softening of the womb. 
 
 Hys ' te-ro-ma ' ni-a.* [From wrepa, 
 the “womb,” and pavia, “madness.”] 
 Another term for Furor uterinus, or 
 Nymphomania, which see. 
 
 Hys-te«rom'e-ter. [If ysterom 'e- 
 trum; from wrepa, the “womb,” and 
 perftor, a “ measure.”] An instrument or 
 means of ascertaining the size of the 
 uterus, or womb. 
 
 Ilys -te - roph ' y-tal. [From wrepa , 
 the “womb,” or “matrix,” and <pvr6v, a 
 “ plant.”} Living on a matrix either of 
 dead or living organic matter. Applied 
 to Fungi. 
 
 Hys'te-ro-phyte. [From the same.] 
 A name for a fungus. 
 
 I2yste-r©r-rlia'&i-a.* [From wrepa, 
 the “womb,” a nd pfiywpi, to “bui st forth.”] 
 The same as Metrorrhagia. 
 
 II ys te-ror-r hex'is.* [From wrepa , 
 the “womb,” and pr/fa, a “rupture.”] 
 Rupture of the uterus , or womb. 
 
 Ilys'te-ror-rhoe'a.* [From wrepa, 
 the “womb,” and pew, to “flow.”] The 
 same as Metrorrhoca. 
 
 IXys te-ro-scir'rlms.*' [From v are- 
 pa, the “womb,” and aictfpos, a “hard tu- 
 mor.”] Scirrhus, or incipient cancer, of 
 the womb. 
 
 Myste-ro-spasimis.'* [From wre- 
 pa, the “womb,” and anaapog, a “convul- 
 sion.”] Spavin of the uterus, or wtmbj 
 also, hysterical spasm. 
 
 Hys'te-ro-tome. [IFysterot'o- 
 
 inus; from wrepa, the “w<mb,” and 
 repi/w, to “cut.”] An instilment for 
 dividing the neck of the womb. 
 
 Hys-te-rot'o-my. [Hysterct©'- 
 mia; from the same.] The Cscsarcan 
 operation, or cutting into the womb to 
 extract the child, in cases w here, from 
 malformation, or other cause, natural 
 delivery is impracticable. See Caesarean 
 Operation. 
 
 lEystriasis. See Hystriciasis. 
 
 IIys-tri-£i'a-sis.* [From varpig, a 
 “hedge-hog.”] A rare disease of the 
 hairs, in which they stand erect like the 
 spines or prickles of the hedge-hog. 
 
 I 
 
 I-am-a-tol'o-gy. [Samatolo'gaa: 
 
 from lapa, a “remedy,” and \6yog, a 
 “discourse.”] That branch of thera- 
 peutics which treats of remedies. 
 
 I-at-ra-lip'tic Meth'od. [From 
 ia'tro-, and dXa0w, to “anoint.”] The 
 application of medicines to the skin, 
 aided by friction. 
 
 I-a-treu-s©-l©'gi-a.* [From iarpevw, 
 to “cure,” and Xoyog, a “discourse.”] A 
 term applied to general therapeutics. 
 
 I-a-tiri'a.* [Or. iarptia : from larpog, a 
 “physician.”] The art of healing, or 
 curing; also, a cure. 
 
 latr©-. A prefix signifying connec- 
 tion with the healing art. 
 
 I-a-trol'a-gy. [latrolo'gia; from 
 iatro-, and \6yog, a “discourse.”] A 
 treatise on medicine, or on physicians; 
 also, the science of medicine, or the heal- 
 ing art. 
 
 fiatropha. See Jatropha. 
 
 263 
 
IAT 
 
 ICT 
 
 latrophate. The same as Jatro- 
 
 PHATE. 
 
 -Ic. A terminal syllable, generally 
 denoting that acid compound which has 
 most oxygen, — as nitric, sulphuric, etc., 
 which are thus distinguished from those 
 ending in - ous , such as nitrous, sulphurous, 
 etc., implying a smaller proportion of 
 oxygen. 
 
 Ice. See Glacies. 
 
 Ice Poul'tlce. A bladder contain- 
 ing pounded ice, to be applied to hernial 
 tumors. 
 
 Iceland Moss. The Li'chen Islan'- 
 dicns, or Cetra'ria Islan'dica. 
 
 Iceland Spar. One of the purest 
 varieties of calcareous spar, or crystal- 
 lized carbonate of lime. 
 
 I'clior, o'r is.- ;: ‘ [From iX''p, “ serum, ” 
 or “pus.”] A thin aqueous and acrid 
 discharge from a wound, sore, or diseased 
 surface. 
 
 Idi-or-ae'mi-a,* or Ich-or-Bue- 
 im-a.* [From P, “pus, or sanious 
 fluid,” and aipa, “blood.”] A term de- 
 noting the poisoning of the blood from 
 the absorption of sanious matter. 
 
 Icli-o-ro-i'deS.* [From ix''P, “serum,” 
 or “pus,” and elSog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling ichor, or pus. 
 
 Ich 'o-rous. [Idioro'sus; from 
 i'chor, “serum,” or “pus.”] Having 
 ichor; of the nature of ichor. 
 
 Icli-thy-i 'tes.* [From/\; 0 uj, a “fish,” 
 and At do;, a “stone.”] The same as 
 ICHTHYOLITE. 
 
 IcJi-tSiy'ius.* [From ix&vg, a “fish,” 
 and id;, “poison.”] The same as Ich- 
 
 THYOTOXICUM. 
 
 Icli-tliy-o-cal'la.* [From ix^v;, a 
 “fish,” and koAAu, “glue.”] Isinglass; 
 fish-glue. The Pharmacopoeia! name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the swimming bladder of 
 the Acipenser Huso. 
 
 Ich-tli^-ojy'ra-pliy. [IclitSiyo- 
 gra'pliia; from ixdvg, a “fish,” and 
 ypd'l>(i), to “write.”] A description of 
 fishes. 
 
 Icli-thy-o-i'defc.* [From ixdvg, a 
 “ fish,” and ei6o;, a “ form.”] Resembling 
 a fish ; ichthyoid. 
 
 Iclilhy-o-lite. [IcSitiiyol'ites; 
 
 from ixfli 5 ;, a “fish,” and A 160;, a “stone.”] 
 Applied to petrified fish, or their fossil 
 remains. 
 
 Icli-thy-o-lo^l-cal. [IclitBiyo- 
 
 lo&'icns.] Belonging to Ichthyology. 
 Ich-thy-ol'o-&y. [Iclitliyolo'gia ; 
 
 from ixOv;, a “ fish,” and \dyo;, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on the nature and 
 habits of fishes; also, the science which 
 264 
 
 treats of fishes, their classification, struc- 
 ture, etc. 
 
 Ich-thy-eph'a-gous. [Iclittiy- 
 
 ©pii'agris; from ix&v;, a “fish,” and 
 (pdyw, to “eat.”] Fish-eating; piscivo- 
 rous. 
 
 Icli-tliy-o-sati'riis.* [From ixOi 
 a “fish,” and cavpo;, a “lizard.”] A ge- 
 nus of extinct marine animals, which 
 combined the characters of saurian rep- 
 tiles and of fishes with some of the pe- 
 culiarities of Cetaceous Mammalia. 
 
 I-eli-tIiy-©'sis.* [From i\0va, the 
 “scale of a fish.”] A disease in which 
 the skin becomes thickened, hard, and 
 rough, with a tendency to scaliness ; the 
 fish-skin disease. 
 
 ScSi-tSiy-ot'o-my. [EcSitliyoto'- 
 
 mia; from ixdv;, a “ fish,” and rcpv <o, to 
 “cut.”] Dissection of fishes. 
 
 I^Si'tBiy-o-tox'i-cwm.- [From ix&v;, 
 a “fish,” and to%ikov , a “poison.”] A 
 morbid and poisonous product sometimes 
 found in fish. 
 
 I-con-o-grapBi 'ic. [Iconog-rapli'- 
 
 iciis.] Belonging to Iconography. 
 
 I-eo-nog^'ra-pluy. [Iconogra'- 
 
 phia; from curd w, an “image,” and 
 yp'x<J)(A), to “write.”] A description by 
 images, or figures; or a description of 
 pictures, statues, etc. 
 
 I-co-san'dri-a.* [From cikooi, “twen- 
 ty,” and avr,p, a “man,” or “male.”] 
 The twelfth Linnsean class of plants, in- 
 cluding those which have twenty or 
 more unconnected stamens inserted on 
 the calyx. 
 
 I-co-san'cIri-ows, or I-co-san'- 
 drous. [fcosan 'drills; from the same.] 
 Having twenty stamens or more. 
 
 I'co-sl-g*©' mis.* [From eiKoat, “ twen- 
 ty,” and yosAa, an “angle.”] Having 
 twenty angles. 
 
 I'co-si-lic'dral. [Icosilte'driis.] 
 
 Belonging to an icosihedron. 
 
 I'co-si-he'dron, or Ico-sa-tie'- 
 dron. [IcosiEic'drum ; from cikooi, 
 “twenty,” and cfya, a “base.”] A solid 
 figure bounded by twenty equilateral 
 and equal triangles. 
 
 Ico-si-tct-ra-lio'dral. [Icositct- 
 rahc'drws.] Belonging to an icositet- 
 rahedron : twenty-four-sided. 
 
 Ico-sI-tct-rsi-Iio'droii. [EcosUet- 
 ralic'drum ; from cikooi, “twenty,” rerpa, 
 “four,” and tipa, a “base.”] A solid 
 figure of twenty-four equal sides, or 
 faces. 
 
 Ict^rc. Sec Icterus. 
 
 Bc-tcr-cp-a-ti'tis, 1 die.* [From »’c'- 
 terne, “jaundice,” and hcjmti'tis , “in- 
 
ICT 
 
 IGA 
 
 flammation of the liver.”] Hepatitis 
 and jaundice, or icteric hepatitis. 
 
 le-ter'ic. [Icfcer'icus.] Belonging 
 to icterus. 
 
 Ic-ter-o 'des.* [From ic'terus, ^jaun- 
 dice.”] Like jaundice, or having a 
 yellow color resembling jaundice. Some- 
 times applied to the yellow fever. 
 
 Ic'ter-oid. [let oroides ; from ic'- 
 terus, “ jaundice,” and eidog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling icterus. 
 
 Ic-ter-opBfl'tilBi-sis.* [From ic'terus , 
 “ jaundice,” and ph this' is, “ consump- 
 tion.”] Tabes icterica, or phthisis with 
 jaundice. 
 
 Ic'ter-us.* [Gr. 'Urepog.] (Fr. Ictere , 
 &k'ten', or Jaunisse , zho'ness', i.e. ^yel- 
 lowness.”) Jaundice, — characterized by 
 yellowness of the skin and eyes. A genus 
 of the order Impetigines , class Cachexise, 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 le'ttfls So'lis.* (“ Stroke of the Sun.”) 
 The same as Coup de Soleil, which see. 
 
 -Idse. A terminal employed (in imi- 
 tation of the classical patronymic) to 
 denote a family or group exhibiting 
 some points of likeness to the type; as 
 Leporidse, the family of the Lepus, or 
 hare, etc. 
 
 -IdaeiBS, or -Ideas. A terminal ap- 
 plied to objects belonging to, or connected 
 with, others, which are designated by 
 terms ending in -oid or -ides ; as, Ary- 
 tsenoidseus, the muscle between or belong- 
 ing to the Arytenoid ( Arytenoides ) carti- 
 lage, etc. The terminations -ideus or 
 -idseus are sometimes equivalent to -ides 
 or -oid; thus, Ligamentnm coracoideum 
 is the same as Ligamentum coracoides 
 (the “ coracoid ligament”). 
 
 -Ide. A terminal affixed to oxygen, 
 chlorine, fluorine, and iodine, when com- 
 bined with each other, or with simple 
 combustibles, or metals, in proportions 
 not forming an acid. 
 
 S-de'al-isaiii. [Idealis'iMas ; from 
 idea, an “idea,” a “thought.”] A sys- 
 tem of metaphysics in which no real 
 existence is attributed to any thing ex- 
 cept to thought or mind. 
 
 I-den'ti-ty. [Iden'titas, a 'tis; 
 from i'dem, the “same.”] Absolute or 
 essential sameness of two apparently 
 different things, as, for example, that of 
 the electric spark and lightning. 
 
 I-de-og'Fa-ptuy. [fdeog'ra'plaia ; 
 from idea, an “idea,” and ypd<bw, to 
 “write.”] A description or definition 
 of ideas. 
 
 I-de-ol'o-gy. [Ideolo'gia ; from 
 idea, an “idea,” andXoyo;, a “discourse.”] 
 23 * 
 
 The doctrine or science of thought or of 
 the mind; the philosophy of the origin 
 and development of ideas. 
 
 -Ides. An affix of many words. See 
 Oid. 
 
 Idiocy. See Ioiotism, and Amen- 
 tia. 
 
 Id'i-o-e-Iee'tric. [From id tog, “one’s 
 own,” “peculiar,” and elec' trie.] Lite- 
 rally, “having electricity of its [or their] 
 own.” A term applied to bodies, such as 
 amber, resin, or glass, which, when 
 rubbed, acquire electricity, without any 
 communication with another electrified 
 body. 
 
 Id-I-o-patli'ic. [Idiopatli'ieus.] 
 
 Relating to idiopathy; opposed to sym- 
 pathetic, or symjrtomatic. 
 
 Id-i-op'a-tliy- [Idiopatlii'a; from 
 idiog, “one’s own,” “peculiar,” or “pri- 
 vate,” and ndOog, “affection,” or “disease.”] 
 A disease arising spontaneously, not 
 from another; an affection the opposite 
 of sym'pathy. 
 
 Id-i-o-sy n 'cra-sy. [Idiosyitcra'- 
 
 sia; from idiog, “one’s own,” “peculiar,” 
 or “private,” and ovytcpaaig, a “mixing 
 or tempering together,” and, hence, 
 “ temperament,” or “ constitution.”] The 
 disposition or habit of body peculiar to 
 an individual. 
 
 Id-i-©-sy n-era t ' 1c. [Id iosy n era t 
 
 icus.] Belonging to idiosyncrasy. 
 
 Id'i-ot. [Idio'ta; from ididrris , 
 “private,” because unfit for intercourse 
 with the world.] One who is silly, or 
 without understanding ; a fool. 
 
 Id-i-o-ti' a.* [Gr. idicjTeia.] Lite- 
 rally, “a state of privacy or obscurity.” 
 A state of idiotism. See Idiot. 
 
 Id-5-ot'ie. [Idiot'icus.] Like an 
 idiot. 
 
 Id'i-o-tism. [Idiot isimis ; from 
 idi'drrjg, “private.”] The state or con- 
 dition of an idiot: idiocy. 
 
 Id'ri-a-liBi. [Xdriali'na.] A fos- 
 sil, fatty substance, found in mercury- 
 mines. 
 
 Idrosis. See IIiprosis. 
 
 If, ef. The French term for the 
 “yew.” See Taxus. 
 
 Ig-a-su ' ri-a.* [See next article.] An 
 alkaloid found in the different species of 
 Strychnos. 
 
 Xg-a-su'ric. [Igasu'rictis s said to 
 be derived from Tgasur, the Malay name 
 for St. Ignatius’s hern.] Of or belong- 
 ing to the Faba Saudi Ignatii (the seed 
 of the Strychnos Ignatia). 
 
 Igasu'ric A^'id. [Ig-asu'ricMm 
 A^'idum.] An acid, somewhat resem- 
 265 
 
IGN 
 
 IMA 
 
 bling the malic, existing in the Strycli- 
 nos Ignatia and Nux vomica. 
 
 Igrnatia,* ig-na'she-a. Bean of St. 
 Ignatius. The name applied to the seed 
 of the Strychnos Ignatia. It has been 
 placed on the primary list of the Materia 
 Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
 1860. Its medical properties are essen- 
 tially the same as those of Nux vomica. 
 
 Ignes Fatui. See Ignis Fatuus. 
 
 Ig'nis.* Fire ; the evolution of light 
 and heat which attends combustion. 
 
 Ig'nis Ac-tu-a'lis.** (“Actual Fire.”) 
 See Actual Cautery. 
 
 Ig'nis Fat'u-us,* plural Ig-'nes 
 Fat'u-i. (“Vain or Foolish Fire;” 
 so called, probably, because it makes 
 fools of those who pursue it.) The lumi- 
 nous appearance of flame frequently seen 
 in the night in marshy places, and popu- 
 larly called Jack with the lantern, or 
 Will o’ the Wisp. It is produced by 
 phosphorus evolved from decaying vege- 
 table matter. 
 
 Ig'nis Potentia'lis,* po-ten-she-a'- 
 lis. (“Potential Fire.”) A name for the 
 potential cautery. 
 
 Ig'nisSa’cer.* (“Sacred Fire.”) The 
 same as Erysipelas, which see. 
 
 Ig'nis Sanc'ti An-to'nl-i.* (“ Saint 
 Anthony’s Fire.”) A name for erysipelas. 
 
 Ig'nis Vo-latl-cus.* Literally, 
 “flying fire.” A term for erysipelas. 
 
 Ig-ni'tion. [From ig'nis, “fire.”] 
 The state of being heated so as to re- 
 semble fire ; in other words, so as to 
 emit heat and light like a burning body. 
 
 Ileac Passion. See Iliac Passion. 
 
 Il-e-i'tis, id is* [From il'euind] In- 
 flammation of the ileum or ilium. 
 
 Ileo-. A prefix denoting connection 
 with, or relation to, the ileum or ilium. 
 
 Ii'eo-Cse'cal Valve. The inferior 
 semilunar fold of mucous membrane 
 which secures against any matter re-en- 
 tering the ileum from the caecum. 
 
 Il'eo-Col'ic Valve. The superior 
 semilunar fold of mucous membrane 
 which secures the ileum against regurgi- 
 tation from the colon. 
 
 Il'e-uin,* or Ill-um.* [From d\eo), 
 to “ turn about.”] The third or last 
 portion of the small intestine, ending at 
 the valve of the caecum,. 
 
 II' e-us.* [Gr. ctXsdf.] The same as 
 Iliac Passion, which see. 
 
 Ilex Aq-ul-fo'll-uin.* (Fr. Houx , 
 hoo.) The systematic name of the com- 
 mon European holly, the loaves of which 
 have been reputed as tonic, astringent, 
 and antiseptic. 
 
 266 
 
 m-a.fr [The nominative plural of 
 i'le; from eiXcoj, to “involve.”] The 
 flanks, which enclose the small intestines ; 
 also, the small intestines themselves. 
 
 Ill-ac. [Lat. Ili'acus : Fr. I Hague, 
 &'leAk'.] Belonging to the flanks. 
 
 Iliac Ar'te-ries. [Arte'riae Ili'« 
 aeje.] These are termed the common 
 iliac arteries immediately after they are 
 given off by the aorta. They afterwards 
 divide into the external iliac, and the 
 internal iliac, or hypogastric, arteries. 
 
 Iliac Fos'sa. [Fos'sa Ili'aca.] A 
 broad and shallow cavity at the upper 
 part of the inner surface of the Os iliacum. 
 It is also called the internal iliac fossa. 
 
 Iliac Fos'sa, Ex-ter'nal. A fossa 
 or depression on the external surface of 
 the Os iliacum. 
 
 Iliac Pas sion. [Pas'sio Ili'aca; 
 
 from il'ia.] A disease characterized by 
 severe griping pain, vomiting of fecal 
 matter, and costiveness, with retraction 
 and spasm of the abdominal muscles. 
 
 51'iac Region. The side of the ab- 
 domen, between the ribs and hips. 
 
 Iliacum Os. See Os Iliacum. 
 
 U-i-a-del'ptius.*' [From i'le, the 
 “flank,” and dSetyog, a “brother.”] Ap- 
 plied to monsters which are double above 
 and united at and below the pelvis. 
 
 Iliaque. See Iliac. 
 
 Sll-cin, or Ill-cine. [Iliei'na.] 
 An active principle obtained from the 
 ilex, and recommended as a febrifuge. 
 
 Ill-uin,*' plural Ill-a. The haunch- 
 bone. The upper portion of the os inno- 
 minatum ; in the foetus it is distinct from 
 the other parts. See Ilia. 
 
 Illacrymatio* (il-lak-re-ma'she-o), 
 O ’nis ; from iliac' rymo, iliac ryma' turn, to 
 “weep greatly, or involuntarily.”] Ex- 
 cessive involuntary weeping. Some- 
 times synonymous with Epipiiora. 
 
 Illeceforaceae,* il-le-se-bra'she-e. 
 [From Illece'brum, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous plants, 
 found in Europe and Africa. 
 
 Il-lii'saon. [Illu'sio, o 'nis; from 
 ilia' do, illu'sum, to “mock,” or “de- 
 ceive.”] A deception, false appearance, 
 or mockery ; a hallucination. 
 
 Im. A Latin particle. See In. 
 
 Im'age. [From ima'go, a “resem- 
 blance,” “picture,” or “image.”] An 
 idea; a picture of the imagination. In 
 Optics, the spectrum or picture of an ob- 
 ject, formed by the reflection or refrac- 
 tion of the rays of light from its various 
 points. Optical images form an essential 
 part of the process or function of vision. 
 
IMA 
 
 IMP 
 
 I-ma'go, s gen. I-inag'I-nis. [From 
 im'itor , to “imitate,” or “copy.”] Lite- 
 rally, an “image,” “picture,” or “por- 
 trait.” Applied to the perfect insect, 
 which has undergone all its metamor- 
 phoses. The origin of this appellation 
 would seem to be, that, as a portrait 
 is not merely the first rude outline of 
 the artist, but the perfect elaboration of 
 his idea; so, after the several prepara- 
 tory stages of the egg, the larva , and 
 the pupa (or chrysalis ), the imago is the 
 full and final elaboration of nature’s 
 idea respecting the insect. 
 
 Im'be-cille. [Imbecifi'lss ; from in, 
 “on,” and bac'ulus, a “staff.”] Feeble; 
 weak ; but generally applied to weak- 
 ness of the mental faculties. 
 
 Im-bibe'. [From in, “in.” and hi' bo, 
 bib'itum , to “drink.”] To drink in; to 
 absorb. 
 
 Xm-bi-bi'tson. [Imblbi'tlo, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The act of drinking in 
 or sucking up moisture. 
 
 Im'bri-cate. [Inibrica'tns: from 
 im'brico, imbrica'tum, to “cover with 
 tiles” (from im’brex, a “ roof-tile”).] 
 Having an appearance of tiles succes- 
 sively overlapping each other. 
 
 Im'brI-cat-ing. [Im'brieairas; from 
 the same.] Applied to the folioles of a 
 compound leaf, when, during the sleep 
 of the plant, they apply themselves 
 along the petiole, which they entirely 
 conceal, covering each other like tiles on 
 a house-top, directed from the base to 
 the summit. 
 
 Em'brI-ca-tSve. [Imbrieaii'vus ; 
 
 from the same.] See Imbricating. 
 
 Im-mar'gi-nate. [Immargina'- 
 tus; from in, priv., and mar' go, a “bor- 
 der.”] Having no marked border. 
 
 Im-me-di-a ' t us.* [From in, nega- 
 tive, or privative, and mc'dium, “some- 
 thing between, or intervening.”] Lite- 
 rally, “with nothing intervening.” (Fr. 
 //7i>Hed/af,£'m&'de-&'.) Applied in Botany 
 to the insertion of stamens when they are 
 attached directly under the ovary, upon 
 the calyx, or upon the pistil. 
 
 Im-mersecT. [Immersus: from 
 immer'go, immer'sum, to “plunge under, 
 or into, water.”] Beneath the surface 
 of water. 
 
 Im-mo'bill-is.* [From in, priv., and 
 mo'vco, to “move.”] Applied to anthers 
 wholly attached to the filament: im- 
 mov'able. 
 
 Im-pac'ted. [lanipac'tus ; from 
 ■impin' go, impac'tum, to “drive, or dash 
 against,” to “drive in.”] Used in refer- 
 
 ence to the head of the child when fixed 
 in the pelvic cavity. 
 
 Im'par, ar/»* [From in, negative, 
 and^ar, “equal.”] Odd, not even; un- 
 equal. Sec Ganglion Impar. 
 
 Iiii-par-I-ner-va'tus.* [From im'- 
 par, “unequal,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] 
 Having unequal nervures : impariner'- 
 vate. 
 
 Im-par-i-pen'nate. [Impar ipen- 
 
 na'tus; from pen'na , a "feather,” or 
 “quill.”] The same as Imparipinnate. 
 
 Im-par-i-pin 'natc. [Imparipin- 
 
 m&'liBs; from im’par, “unequal,” and 
 pin’na, a “feather,” a “wing.”] Un- 
 equally pinnate; having unequal leaves 
 or folioles. 
 
 Im-pesB-c-tra-bil'i-ty. [Impene* 
 
 trabil'itas, n't is; from in, negative, 
 and pen'etro, to “pierce,” to “penetrate,” 
 to “enter into.”] A property of matter, 
 by which no portion of it can occupy 
 the same place at the same time with 
 another. 
 
 Im-per'fect. [Imperfec'tus; from 
 
 in, negative, and perji'do, per/ec'tum, to 
 “finish.”] Incomplete. Applied to flowers 
 which want either anthers or pistils. 
 
 Im-per-fo-li-a'tus.* [Fr<m in, 
 negative, and perfolia'tus, “pierced 
 through the leaves.”] Having leaves 
 that are not perfoliate. 
 
 Im-per'fb-rate. [Imperfora'tus ; 
 from in, negative, and per'foro, perfora' - 
 turn, to “bore through.”] Abnormally 
 occluded; applied to the anus, vagina, 
 etc. 
 
 Im-pe'ri-al. A cooling beverage 
 prepared by mixing half an ounce each 
 of cream of tartar and fresh lemon-peel, 
 bruised, with four ounces of white sugar, 
 and three pints of boiling water. 
 
 Iiii-pe-tig'i-neKS. [ I mpet igi no- 
 des, Iinpetigin© sus; from impeti'go.] 
 Having impet igo. 
 
 Im-pe-ti'go,* gen. Xm-pe-tig i-nis. 
 
 [From im'peto, to “*nvade.”] (Fr. Dar- 
 tre, daRtR.) A skin-disease marked by 
 small, irregularly circumscribed pus- 
 tules. chiefly on the extremities, slightly 
 elevated, and terminating in a laminated 
 scab, unaccompanied by fever, and not 
 contagious; humid or running tetter. 
 
 Im-pe-tl-o-la'ris.* [From in, priv., 
 and peti'olus, a “petiole.”] Having no 
 petiole. 
 
 Im-plan-ta'tus.* [From in, “in,” and 
 plan' to, planta' turn, to “ set,” to “ plant.”] 
 Applied to crystals attached by one of 
 their ends to the walls of an excavation 
 in a rock. 
 
 267 
 
IMP 
 
 INC 
 
 Im-pli-ca'tus.* [From in, “in," or 
 “into,” and pli'co, plica 1 turn, to “ fold,” 
 or “ wrap.”] The same as Complicated, 
 which see. 
 
 Im-plu'vi-unii.* [From in, “upon,” 
 and pin’ via, “rain.”] A shower-bath. 
 
 Im-pon »der -a-bil 'I-ty . [ I mpon- 
 derabil'itas, a't/s.] The quality of 
 being imponderable. 
 
 Ini-pon'der-a-ble. [Impondera'- 
 
 bilis; from in, negative, and pon'dero, to 
 “ weigh.”] Incapable of being weighed. 
 Applied to light, heat, electricity, mag- 
 netism, etc. 
 
 Im-pos'tliiiTne. [Probably a cor- 
 ruption of aposte'ma.'] Another term for 
 an abscess. See Abscess. 
 
 Im'po-tence, Im'po-ten-ey. [lun- 
 poten'tisi; from in, negative, and pos' - 
 sum, to “be able.”] (Fr. Impuissance , 
 aM'pw<b'sdNss'.) Weakness; want of 
 power, especially of virile power. See 
 Adynamia, Anaphrodisia, and Steril- 
 ity. 
 
 Im'po-tent. [Im'potens; from the 
 same.] Incapable of procreating or im- 
 pregnating. 
 
 Iin-preg-na/tion. [Impregna- 
 
 tia, o'nis; from the Low Latin impreg'no, 
 imp regno,' turn, to “make fruitful,” to 
 “make pregnant.”] The act of making, 
 or state of being, pregnant; fecun- 
 dation. 
 
 Iinpregnatimi, Diseases affect- 
 ing* tlie. See Carpoticus. 
 
 Im-pu'ber, er /«.* [From in, nega- 
 tive, and pu'ber, “of ripe age.”] With- 
 out hair on the pubes ; not arrived at 
 adult age. 
 
 Impuissance. See Impotence. 
 
 Im-pus-tu-la'tus.* [From in, nega- 
 tive, and pu8tula'tu8, “ having pustules.”] 
 Having no red spots: impus'tulate. 
 
 I'mus Ven'ter.^ (“Lowest Belly.”) 
 The lowest part of the abdomen, between 
 the umbilicus and pudenda. 
 
 In. A Latin particle signifying “in,” 
 “within,” “into,” “on,” “against.” It 
 is often negative, and sometimes inten- 
 sive. Before b, m, and p, the n is changed 
 to m : e.g., imbibe , instead of inbibe ; 
 immobilis for inmobilis, impotent for in- 
 potent, etc. 
 
 In-se-qual-I-fo'lI-ns.* [From inse- 
 qna'lis, “unequal,” and fn'linm, a 
 “leaf.”] Having unequal leaves. 
 
 In-al-bn-mi-na'tus.* [From in, 
 priv., and albu'men.] Applied to the 
 embryo of plants not having albumen. 
 
 In-an-a-£en'e-si».* [From if, h6g, a 
 “fibre,” and anagen'esis , “regenera- 
 268 
 
 tion.”] Muscular regeneration, or re- 
 production of muscular fibre. 
 
 In-a-iiapb'y-sis.* [From hof, a 
 “fibre,” and anaph'ysis, “renewed 
 growth.”] Similar to Inanagenesis. 
 
 In-an-i'tion. [Inani'tio, o 'nis; 
 from ina'nio, inoni'tum, to “empty”* (from 
 ina’nis, “empty”).] Emptiness of the 
 body, its viscera, or its vessels, from 
 want of food; starvation. 
 
 In-an-tfiie-ra'tus.* [From in, priv., 
 and anthe'ra, an “anther.”] Applied to 
 the filaments of stamens when they do 
 not bear anthers. 
 
 In -an-ther-if 'er-ns.-* [From in, 
 
 priv., anthe'ra, an “ anther,” and fe'ro, 
 to “bear.”] The same as Inanthera- 
 tus, which see. 
 
 In-ap-j; en-die-n-la'tiis.** [From 
 in, priv., and appen'dix, an “addition.”] 
 Having no appendices. Applied mostly 
 to plants. 
 
 In-ap'pe-ten-cy. [Inappeten'tia ; 
 
 from in, negative, and ap'peto, to “de- 
 sire.”] The same as Anorexia. A want 
 or loss of appetite. 
 
 In-ar«4ic'u-late. [Inartieula'tus; 
 
 from in, priv., and articula'tus, “articu- 
 lated.”] Having no articulation : inar- 
 ticulated. Also, not having distinct ut- 
 terance. 
 
 In-cal-y-ca'tws.^ [From in, priv., 
 and ca'Iyx.] Without a calyx. 
 
 In-can-tEes'sencc. [Incandescen'- 
 tia; from incundes'co, to “grow very 
 hot.”] The bright appearance presented 
 by solids and liquids when heated to a 
 sufficient degree. 
 
 In-cam-des'^ent. [Incaitdes'cens ; 
 
 from the same ] Applied to a body 
 heated till its surface becomes white and 
 brilliant. 
 
 In-ca'nons. [Inca'nus; from in, 
 
 intensive, and ca'nns, “hoary.”] Hoary; 
 covered with a white down. Applied to 
 the stems, leaves, etc. of plants. 
 
 In-can-ta'tion. [From in can’ to , in- 
 eanta'tum, to “charm.”] A mode of 
 curing disease by charms, etc. 
 
 In-car'cer-at-ed. [Incarccra'tiis ; 
 from in, “in,” and car'eer. a “prison.”] 
 Applied to the portion of bowel or other 
 substance confined by the stricture in 
 strangulated hernia. 
 
 Incarceration. See Strangula- 
 tion. 
 
 Iii'Car-na'tion. [From in, “in,*’ or 
 “upon,” and ca'ro, car'vis, “flesh.”] 
 Growth of flesh or granulations. 
 
 In-cer-nic'u-lum.* [From inctr'vr 
 to “sift,” or “strain.”] The pelvi* of 
 
INC 
 
 IND 
 
 the kidney into which the urine is 
 strained from the papillse rents. 
 
 In'ci-deiice. [Imcflden'tia; from 
 in'cido, to “fall upon.”] A term for the 
 direction in which one body strikes upon 
 another. 
 
 In'cidence, Angle of. The angle 
 formed by the line in which a body or 
 ray of light moves, and the straight line 
 perpendicular to the plane against which 
 the body or ray strikes. 
 
 Incidentia, $ in-se-den'she-a. [From 
 inci'do, to “cut in.”] A mane formerly 
 given to medicines which were supposed 
 to consist of sharp particles, as acids and 
 salts. 
 
 Im-cnBi-er-a'tion. [Incinera'tio, 
 
 o’nis ; from incin'ero, incinera’ turn, to 
 “burn to ashes.”] The act of reducing 
 animal or vegetable matter to ashes. 
 
 In-clsecl'. [Inci'sns.] Cut irregu- 
 larly and sharply. Applied to leaves. 
 
 Ian-ca&'M>3i. [Inci'sno, o'nis; from 
 inci'do, inci'sum, to “cut into,” to “cut.”] 
 The cutting into the Integuments or flesh 
 with an instrument. 
 
 Eaa-ci-si'vifls.* [From the same.] 
 Belonging to the incisor teeth. 
 
 plural laa-cl-so'res. 
 [From the same.] The four front teeth 
 of both jaws which have sharp, cutting 
 edges. 
 
 Iia-cli-nia'ti©ai. [laaclina'tio, o'n is ; 
 
 from incli'no, inclined turn, to “bend 
 down,” to “incline.”] The state of a 
 body or vessel placed obliquely. The 
 angle made by two planes or two lines, 
 or by a plane and a line; or the angle 
 which the}' would make if they were ex- 
 tended until they met. 
 
 In-coin - 3 t>ati-Me. [From in, nega- 
 tive, and compa'tior, to “suffer to- 
 gether.”] Literally, “that cannot be 
 suffered (or allowed) together.” Applied 
 to substances which act chemically on 
 each other, and therefore cannot with 
 propriety be prescribed together. 
 
 In-e©m-plete'. [From in, negative, 
 and com'pleo , comple’ turn, to “fulfil,” to 
 “finish.”] A term applied to a flower 
 which wants some one or more kinds of 
 organs. 
 
 In-coin-pres-si-Ml'i-ty. [InBC©m- 
 
 from in, negative, 
 and com' primo, compres' sum, to “press 
 together.”] Incapability of being com- 
 pressed. 
 
 Iss-e©n '4I-nence. [Enema tisieim'- 
 tia; from in, negative, and conti' neo, to 
 “contain.”] Inability to retain the 
 natural evacuations. 
 
 18 
 
 In-cor-po-ra'tion. [Incorpora f > 
 tio, o' tits; from in, “into,” and cor’ pus, 
 a “body.”] The mixing of particles of 
 different bodies together so that they 
 appear to be formed into one body, 01 
 into a uniform substance. 
 
 Incrassaii tia,* in -k r a s - s a n ' sh e -a. 
 [The neuter plural of incras' sans, the 
 present participle of incras' so, ino os- 
 sa' turn, to “make thick.”] Applied to 
 medicines supposed to have the power of 
 thickening the humors or the blood when 
 too thin. 
 
 En-crus-ta'tion. [Incinsla'tie, 
 
 © 'nis; from incrus'to, incrvsla'ti m, to 
 “rough-cast,” to “incrust.”] The act 
 or process cf forming a crust. A crust 
 or deposit of stony molecules on bodies 
 plunged or habitually bathed in water 
 charged with calcareous salts. 
 
 In-en-ba'tson. [Iiuultalio, o'nis ; 
 from in'eubo, inenba' turn, to “lie upon,” 
 to “sit on,” as eggs.] The act or pro- 
 cess by which most birds hatch their 
 eggs. Also applied to the period betw een 
 the implanting of a disease, or subjection 
 to its causes, and its development. 
 
 Bn'en-foics.* [From in'eubo, to “lie 
 or sit upon.”] (Fr. Cauchcmar, kosh'- 
 maR'.) The night-mare. See Ephialtes. 
 
 In'enlbiis Vigilaii'tium* (vij-e- 
 lan'she-um). See Day-Mare. 
 
 En-cnm'lbeiit. [From incnm'bo, to 
 “lie or lean upon.”] Leaning or lying 
 upon. Applied to anthers which lie on 
 the inner side of the filaments, etc. 
 
 In-cur vafe. [Iiicurva'ttis, In- 
 cnr'vus; from incur' vo, incurva'tum, to 
 “bend,” to “curve.”] Bent, or bowed, 
 inwards; incurved. 
 
 In-easr-va/tion. [Eiicurva'tfio, 
 o'nis; from the same.] A bowing or 
 bending. Applied to the back, etc. 
 
 Eaa'cus,* gen. In-cu'dis. (Fr. En- 
 chime, 0N G 'klum'.) Literally, an “anvil.” 
 The largest of the ossicles of the internal 
 ear; so named from its fancied resem- 
 blance to a smith’s anvil. 
 
 Inti. =In di'es.% “ From day to day,” 
 or “daily.” 
 
 Em-def 'i-nite. [From in, negative, 
 and clefi'nio, de/ini' turn, to “limit,” to 
 “define.”] Either uncertain in number 
 or too many to be readily counted. Ap- 
 plied to petals, stamens, etc. 
 
 laQ-de-Ifols'^eirat. [IrcdeBiis'ceif s ; 
 from in, negative, and dehis’eo, to “gape 
 open.”] Applied to a pericarp that does 
 not open spontaneously, when ripe. 
 
 Isa'clex,* gen. In'dl-eis. [From in'di- 
 co, to “point out,” to “show.”] Applied 
 269 
 
IND 
 
 INE 
 
 to the fore-finger, because it is used for 
 pointing. 
 
 In'di-an Ar row-Root. The root 
 
 of the Mar ant a arundinacea. 
 
 Iii diasi Corn. The Zea Mays , or 
 maize-plant. 
 
 In'dianMemp. TheCannabis Indica. 
 
 In dian Pink. The S}n(jelia mari- 
 landica. 
 
 Indian Rnb'ber. A name for caout- 
 chouc. 
 
 In dian To-toac'co. The Lobelia 
 
 injlnta. 
 
 In-di-a'na Radix.* A name for 
 
 Ipecacuanha. 
 
 In-dft~ca'ta©n. [Indica'ti©, o'nis ; 
 
 from in'dico , indica' turn, to “ point out.”] 
 That which indicates or points out what 
 ought to be done by the practitioner. 
 
 In-di-ca'tor, ©'ins.* [From the 
 same.] A muscle of the fore-finger. Also 
 termed Extensor Indicis. See Index. 
 
 In'di-cus Mor bus.* (“ Indian Dis- 
 ease.”) A name for the venereal disease ; 
 so called because it was believed to have 
 been first brought to Europe from the 
 West Indies (or the neighboring coast of 
 America) by the Spaniards. 
 
 In-dig'en-©us. [Indig'eiiiis; from 
 in' da, for in, “in,” and ye' no, an ancient 
 form of gig' no, to “ beget,” to “ produce.”] 
 Native to a country; originally produced 
 in a country or place. 
 
 In-dl-g > es'ti©n. [Indices 'ta©,©'>H. 9 ,- 
 from in, negative, and dig' ero, dig es' turn, 
 to “set in order,” to “digest.”] The 
 disease Dyspepsia. 
 
 In-dig-i-ta'ti©n. [Indigita'ti©, 
 
 o'nis; from in, “into,” and dig'itus, a 
 “finger.”] The passing or thrusting of 
 one part of the intestines into another; 
 the part which enters being compared to 
 a finger. See Intussusception. 
 
 In-dig-na-bun'iliis.* [From indig ' - 
 nor, to “be indignant.”] Literally, 
 “angry.” A name given to the rectus 
 externas (a muscle of the eye), from the 
 expression of anger or scorn which the 
 action of this muscle imparts. 
 
 In'di-go. [A corruption of In'dico , 
 the Portuguese and Spanish for “In- 
 dian;” Latin In' dicam. ; so called be- 
 cause it was originally procured exclu- 
 sively from India.] A blue coloring 
 matter extracted from the Indigo/era 
 tinctoria, the anil, or indigo-plant. 
 
 In-ili-gof'er-a Ail'll.* Another 
 name for the Indigo/era tinctoria. 
 
 Indigof 'era Tinc-to'rl-a.* The 
 plant which yields indigo. It belongs 
 to the natural order Leguminosst. 
 
 270 
 
 'er-us.* [From in'digo, 
 and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing, or pro- 
 ducing, indigo. Applied to plants. 
 
 In'di-g©-tate. [Indig-'ota*, a 'tis.] 
 A combination of indigotic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 In-dig'©-tin. [Indigoti'na.] The 
 
 coloring principle of indigo. 
 
 In'd©-les.* The natural disposition 
 or character. 
 
 In-duc'ti©n. [Induc'ti©, o'nis ; 
 
 from in da' co , indue' turn, to “lead into.”] 
 The act or process of inferring or estab- 
 lishing a general proposition from seve- 
 ral particular ones; also, the proposition 
 thus established. 
 
 In-duc'tive. [From the same.] Ca- 
 pable of leading to; inferring, or per- 
 suading by induction. 
 
 In-d ©-men turn.* [From in' duo, to 
 “put on,” to “cover.”] Any hairiness 
 or downy covering of plants. 
 
 £n-du'i#li-cate. [From in, “in,” or 
 “inwards,” and du'plico, duplica' turn, to 
 “double.”] A term applied to valvate 
 aestivation, in which the margins of the 
 leaves are indexed. 
 
 fin'dn-rate. [Indnra'tus; from 
 indu'ro, indura’tum, to “ harden.”] Made 
 hard; hardened. 
 
 In-dn-ra'ti©n. [Indura'tio, o'nis ; 
 
 from the same.] (Fr. Endurcissement , 
 dNQ'diiR's&ss'mdN 0 '.) The state or process 
 of hardening : the hardening of any part 
 from the effect of disease. 
 
 In-du-si-a'tus.* Having an indu- 
 sium. 
 
 In-dn'sQ-um.* [From in' duo, indu'- 
 tum, to “put on,” to “cover.”] The 
 proper covering of the fruit-dots of 
 ferns; any peculiar membranous cover- 
 ing. Applied to the amnion, because it 
 covers the foetus. 
 
 In-dn'vi-al. [Induvia'lis; from 
 the same.] Applied to a calyx when it 
 is persistent, and covers the fruit, as that 
 of the Physalis alkekengi. 
 
 In-dn'vi-ate. [Indiivia'tus; from 
 the same.] Applied to fruit that is cov- 
 ered by induvia. 
 
 In-du'vi-iim,* plural In-du'vl-a. 
 
 [From in' duo, to “cover.”] Applied to the 
 whole perianth, or every accessory part 
 of the flower which persists and covers 
 the fruit, -after maturity of the ovary. 
 
 I n -© in ' b ry-0-11 ate. [ In em b ry ©- 
 until*; from in, negative, and em'bryo.] 
 Having no embryo, germ, or cnrculum. 
 
 In-e-qnl-lat'er-nl. [ In;eq uilat '- 
 
 erns: from in, negative, or priv.. tv' guns, 
 “equal,” and la'tns, a “side.”] Having 
 
INE 
 
 INF 
 
 unequal sides, as the leaves of certain 
 plants. 
 
 Iu-er'mis.* [From in, priv., and 
 ar'ma, “ arms.”] Without spines, or 
 prickles; unarmed. 
 
 Inertia,* in-er'shc-a. [From in'ers, 
 “slothful.”] This term is used to de- 
 note the principle or law of the material 
 world that all bodies are absolutely 
 passive or indifferent to a state of rest 
 or motion, and would continue forever 
 at rest, or persevere in the same uniform 
 and rectilinear motion, unless disturbed 
 by the action of some extrinsic force. — 
 (Brande.) 
 
 Inf. = Inf u' sum ,* an “infusion;” 
 also, Infun' de “pour in.” 
 
 Im'fSan-cy. [Lat. Infan '15a; see 
 Infant ; Fr. Enfance , oN G ‘fdNss'.] Early 
 childhood, usually reckoned from birth 
 to the seventh year. See ACtas. 
 
 In ' fan t. [Lat. In'fans; from in, 
 negative, and fans, “speaking;” Fr. 
 Enfant, oN°'foN«\] Originally, a child so 
 young as to be unable to speak; now 
 applied somewhat indefinitely to any 
 young child. See Infancy. 
 
 I n-fan ' ti-cide. [Infantsci'da ; 
 from infans, a “child,” or “infant,” and 
 cse'do, to “kill.”] One who kills, mur- 
 ders, or destroys an infant. 
 
 Infaifticide. [luf'anticikl'iiim ; 
 from the same.] Child-murder, distin- 
 guished into that which is perpetrated 
 by omission, and that by commission. 
 
 In-farc [Infarc'tio, o 'nis; 
 from infar'eio, inf arc* turn, to “lill in.”] 
 A sense of oppression, fulness, or stuff- 
 ing of the chest. 
 
 lai-fec'tion. [In fee' A ia, o 'nis; from 
 inji'cio, infee' turn, to “infect.”] The 
 communication of a disease by per- 
 sonal contact with the sick, or by means 
 of effluvia arising from the body of the 
 sick; contagion. 
 
 iBiffeeniMtity. See Sterility. 
 
 In-fe'ri-or. A term applied to the 
 ovary when the calyx is attached to it, 
 or to the calyx when it is free. 
 
 fiaife'rior Loii-gi-tu'di-iml Si'- 
 nus. A vein of the dura mater , run- 
 ning along the lower margin of the 
 falx cerebri. 
 
 In'fe-re-braii-etii-a'tns.** [From 
 in ferns, “beneath,” and bran' chi ae, 
 “gills.”] Applied in the plural neuter 
 ( Inferobranchia'ta ) to an order of 
 Mollusca Gasteropoda , having the bran - 
 chise on both sides of the body under the 
 border of the mantle. 
 
 In-Ail 'AraA-ed. [Iufiltra'tus; from 
 
 in, “into,” and fil'trnm , a “strainer.”! 
 Strained through; filtered. Applied to 
 an organ or part in the state of filtration. 
 
 Iii-Ail-tra'tion. [InfiIAra'Aio,o'ms, 
 
 from the same.] A straining of fluid sub- 
 stances into the areolae or cellular tissue 
 of a structure. 
 
 In-fin-l-Aes'i-mal. [Infmites'i- 
 
 mus; from in, negative, and fi'nis, a 
 “boundary.”] Infinitely small. 
 
 Infirmary. See Hospital. 
 
 In-flamed'. [Iiiflanima'tus; from 
 inflam'yno, inflamma' turn, to “set on fire,” 
 to “inflame.”] (Fr. Enflamme, oN G 'fl&m'- 
 mi'.) In a state of inflammation. 
 
 In-flam ma-ble. [Inflamma'- 
 
 bili*i; lrom the same.] Applied to gases 
 or substances that are easily set on 
 fire. 
 
 Inflammable Air. See Hydrogen. 
 
 In-flam-ma Aion. [Infiamma'tio, 
 
 o 'nis; from the same.] A state of dis- 
 ease characterized by redness, pain, 
 heat, and swelling, attended or not with 
 fever; termed, also, Phloyosis. It is often 
 expressed by (he terminal -itis added to 
 the name of the organ or part affected; 
 as, bronchitis, inflammation of the bron- 
 chia; tonsillitis, inflammation of the 
 tonsils. See Phlegmasia, and Phlo- 
 
 GOSIS. 
 
 fin-flam 'ma-Ao-ry. [Inflamma- 
 AoVins; from the same.] Belonging to 
 inflammation ; phlogistic. 
 
 Inflam'matory Crust. The huffy 
 coat of the blood. 
 
 Inflam'matory Fe'ver. The state 
 of fever called synoeha. 
 
 Inflatio. See Emphysema. 
 
 In-flexed'. [Inflex'tis; from in, 
 “ in,” or “inwards,” and flee' to, flex' um, 
 to “bend.”] Abruptly bent or curved in- 
 wards. 
 
 In-flo-res'^ence. [Inflorescen'- 
 
 fia; from inflores' co, to “ blossom.”] A 
 mode of flowering; the arrangement of 
 flowers on the stem or branch; the par- 
 ticular manner of flowering. 
 
 Iii-flu-en'za. An Italian word sig- 
 nifying “influence;” because the disease 
 seems to reside in, or be dependent upon, 
 some atmospheric influence. (Fr. Grippe, 
 gRep or gnipp.) An epidemic disease 
 characterized by the suddenness of its 
 attack, general depression, great heavi- 
 ness over the eyes, and by a peculiarly 
 distressing fever. 
 
 In-ffl*si-max-il“la's’ts.*' [From in’- 
 fra, “beneath,” and maxil’la, the 
 “jaw.”] Situated under the jaw : infra- 
 max 'illary. 
 
 271 
 
INF 
 
 INF 
 
 In-fra-or'hl-tar, or In-fra«or'bi- 
 ta-ry. [Infraorbita'rius, or Iiifra- 
 orbita'ris; from in' fra, “beneath,” 
 “ below/’ and or'bita, the “ orbit.”] Situ- 
 ated beneath the orbit of the eye. 
 
 1 11 -fra-scap ' u-lai*. [Infrascapn- 
 la ris; from in' fra, “ beneath/’ “below/’ 
 and scap'ula , the “shoulder-blade.”] 
 Below the shoulder-blade. 
 
 In-fra-spl'nate. [Infraspina'tns ; 
 from in' fra, “beneath/’ “below/’ and 
 spi’na , a “ spine.”] Below a spinous 
 process. 
 
 lu-ftm-clib'u-lar, or Iii-fun-cl!l>'- 
 ti-li-foi’in. [Imfumdibiuliibr'mis; 
 
 from infundib'ulum, a “funnel.”] Shaped 
 like a funnel. 
 
 In-fun>dib'u-him/ plural lu-fuin- 
 dib ai-ia. [From infun’ do, inf a' sum, to 
 “pour in.”] (Fr. Entonnoir , oN«'ton'- 
 nwait'.) A funnel. Applied in the plu- 
 ral to three small tubes in the kidney, 
 of a funnel-like shape; also to the canal 
 leading from the third ventricle of the 
 brain to the pituitary gland. 
 
 lai-fu'sa,* the plural of Infusum, 
 which see. 
 
 In-fusiou. [Imfu'sio, ohm, or 
 Infu sum; from in, “in,” or “upon,” 
 and fun' do, fu’sum , to “pour.”] Lite- 
 rally, a “pouring in or upon.” The 
 act of steeping some substance in cold 
 or hot water, for the purpose of obtain- 
 ing a solution of its soluble principle; 
 also, the name of such solution. See 
 Infusum. 
 
 Infusoria. See next article. 
 
 In-fu -so'ri-us.* [From the same.] 
 Belonging to infusions : infu'sory. Ap- 
 plied in the plural neuter ( Infuso’ria ) to 
 a class of Radiata, so extremely minute 
 as to be invisible to the naked eye; 
 found in infusions of various substances, 
 and in stagnant water. See Animalcule. 
 
 In-fu 'sum.- [From the same.] 
 An aqueous solution of vegetable sub- 
 stances, obtained without the aid of 
 ebullition. 
 
 Infusum An-g , tis-tu'rse.* (“In- 
 fusion of Angustura.”) Take of Angus- 
 tura, in moderately coarse powder, half 
 a troy ounce; water, a sufficient quan- 
 tity. Moisten the powder with two flui- 
 drachms of water, pack it firmly in a 
 conical percolator, and gradually pour 
 water upon it, until the filtered liquid 
 measures a pint. This infusion may 
 also be prepared by macerating the An- 
 gustura in a pint of boiling water, for 
 two hours, in a covered vessel, and 
 straining. 
 
 272 
 
 Infu sum An-tliem'i-ctis.* (“In- 
 fusion of Chamomile.”) Take of cham- 
 omile, half a troyounee; boiling water, 
 a pint. Macerate for ten minutes in a 
 covered vessel, and strain. 
 
 Infu'sum fa-lum'bse/ or lufu'- 
 suaai Co-lom'toae* (U.S. Ph., 1850). 
 (“Infusion of Columbo.”) Prepared in 
 the same manner as the Infusum An- 
 gustura, only substituting Columbo for 
 Angustura. 
 
 Infu'sum Cap's5-$i.* (“Infusion 
 
 of Capsicum.”) Take of capsicum, in 
 coarse powder, half a troyounee; boiling 
 water, a pint. Macerate for two hours 
 in a covered vessel, and strain. 
 
 Infu'sum Uar-y - o-p H e y 1 ' Em.* (“In- 
 fusion of Cloves.”) Take of cloves, 
 bruised, one hundred and twenty grains; 
 boiling water, a pint. Macerate for two 
 hours in a covered vessel, and strain. 
 
 In-fu'sum Cm-cEno'me Fla/vse.* 
 (“Infusion of Yellow Cinchona.”) Take 
 of yellow cinchona, in moderately fine 
 powder, a troyounee; aromatic sulphuric 
 acid, a fluidrachm; water, a sufficient 
 quantity. Mix the acid with a pint of 
 water; then moisten the powder with 
 half a fluidounce of the mixture, and, 
 having packed it firmly in a conical 
 glass percolator, gradually pour upon it 
 the remainder of the mixture, and after- 
 wards water, until the filtered liquid 
 measures a pint. 
 
 Infu'sum fiiiclto'na 1 Rubra?,* or 
 Infu'sum Cinclko'nse Com-pos'i- 
 
 tuin* (U.S. Ph., 1850). (“Infusion of 
 Bed Cinchona,” or “Compound Infusion 
 of Cinchona.”) Prepared exactly as the 
 preceding, only substituting the red for 
 the yellow cinchona. 
 
 lufu'sum Ri£-i-ta'Iis.* (“Infu- 
 sion of Digitalis.”) Take of digitalis, 
 in coarse powder, sixty grains; tincture 
 of cinnamon, a fluidounce; boiling wa- - 
 ter, half a pint. Macerate the digitalis 
 with the water for two hours in a cov- 
 ered vessel, and strain; then add the 
 tincture of cinnamon, and mix. 
 
 fiu-fu'sum Eu-pa-to'rl-i.* (“In- 
 fusion of Thoroughwort.”) Take of 
 thoroughwort, a troyounee; boiling 
 water, a pint. Macerate for two hours 
 in a covered vessel, and strain. 
 
 In-fu'sum GoBiiia'me ( jen-she-a'- 
 ne) €om-pos'I-tum.* (“Compound 
 Infusion of Gentian.”) Tako of gen- 
 tian, in moderately coarse powder, half 
 a troyounee; bitter orange peel, in 
 moderately coarse powder, coriander, in 
 moderately coarse powder, each sixty 
 
INF 
 
 grains; alcohol, two fluidounces; water, 
 a sufficient quantity. Mix the alcohol 
 with fourteen fluidounces of water, and, 
 having moistened the mixed powders 
 with three fluidrachms of the menstruum, 
 pack them firmly in a conical percolator, 
 and gradually pour upon them, first the 
 remainder of the menstruum, and after- 
 wards water, until the filtered liquid 
 measures a pint. 
 
 lufu'sum Ju-nip'e-ri.* (“ Infu- 
 sion of Juniper.”) Take of juniper, 
 bruised, a troy ounce; boiling water, a 
 pint. Macerate for an hour in a cov- 
 ered vessel, and strain. 
 
 Iiifu'suin Ri'cis liiq'ui-dse.* (“ In- 
 fusion of Liquid Pitch or Tar.”) Tar- 
 water. Take of tar, a pint; water, four 
 pints. Mix them, and shake the mixture 
 frequently during twenty-four hours; 
 then pour off the infusion, and filter 
 through paper. 
 
 Infii'sum Pru'ni Vir-gin-i-a'nse.* 
 
 (“ Infusion of Wild Cherry Bark.”) 
 Take of wild cherry bark, in moderately 
 coarse powder, half a troyounce; water, 
 a sufficient quantity. Moisten the pow- 
 der with six fluidrachms of water, let it 
 stand for an hour, pack it gently in a 
 conical glass percolator, and gradually 
 pour water upon it, until the filtered 
 liquid measures a pint. 
 
 Iiifu'sum Q,uas'sise* (kwosh'e-e). 
 (“Infusion of Quassia.”) Take of 
 quassia, rasped, one hundred and twenty 
 grains; water, a pint. Macerate for 
 twelve hours in a covered vessel, and 
 strain. 
 
 Iiifu'sum Seu'me.* (“ Infusion of 
 Senna.”) Take of senna, a troyounce; 
 coriander, bruised, sixty grains; boiling 
 water, a pint. Macerate for an hour in 
 a covered vessel, and strain. 
 
 Iiifu'sum Ser-pen-ta'ri-se.* (“ In- 
 fusion of Serpentaria, or Snake-root.”) 
 Prepared in the same manner as the In- 
 rusuM Axgustur,®, only substituting 
 Serpentaria for Angustura. 
 
 Infn'sum Spi-ge'Si-ae.* (“ Infu- 
 sion of Spigelia.”) Take of spigelia, 
 half a troyounce; boiling water, a pint. 
 Macerate for two hours in a covered 
 vessel, and strain. 
 
 lufu'sum Ta-rax'a-$i. ;!: (“ Infu- 
 
 sion of Dandelion.”) Take of dande- 
 lion, bruised, two troyounces ; boiling 
 water, a pint. Macerate for two hours 
 in a covered vessel, and strain. 
 
 Infu'sum ¥a-le-r!»a'ii8e. :: (“ Infu- 
 sion of Valerian.”) Prepared in the same 
 manner as the Infuftjm Angusturje. 
 
 24 
 
 Infu'sum Zin-gib'e-r 
 
 fusion of Ginger.”) Take of 
 bruised, half a troyounce; boiling wa 
 a pint. Macerate for two hours 
 covered vessel, and strain. 
 
 In*ges'tus. $ [From in'gero , inges'- 
 turn, to “carry in.”] Applied in the 
 plural neuter (/ nges'ta ) to the aliments 
 taken into the body by the mouth. 
 
 In-glu'vi-es.* [Perhaps from in, 
 ‘in,” and gu'la, the “throat.”] The 
 craw, or crop, of birds. 
 
 lu-gras'sl-as, Wings of. Two por- 
 tions of the symmetrical halves of the 
 sphenoid bone, termed the large and 
 small wings. 
 
 In-grav-i-da/lion. [In gravid a'- 
 tio, o'nis; lrcrn in, intensive, and 
 grav’ido , gravidarum, to “ impregnate.”] 
 Impregnation ; being with young. 
 
 In-gre'di-Piit. [Ingre dient ; from 
 ingre'dior, to “enter in.”] Any sub- 
 stance which enters into the composition 
 of a compound body. 
 
 In'guen,* gen. In'guX-nis. The 
 lower and lateral part of the abdo- 
 men, just above the4high; the groin. 
 
 In gui-nal. [ Inguina'lis ; from 
 in'guen.] Belonging to the groin. 
 
 Inguinal Canal, Inguinal Ring. 
 See Spepmatic Canal. 
 
 Inguinal Hernia. See Blbono- 
 
 In'guinal Lig a ment. The same 
 as Poupart’s Ligament, which see. 
 
 Iugulatio (in-gu-la'she-o), o 'ms.* 
 [From in,” into,” and gu’la, the “throat.”] 
 The introducing or putting any thing 
 into the throat: ingula'tion. 
 
 In-bab l-tive-ness. [From inJtal'- 
 ito, to “dwell in.”] A term used by 
 phrenologists to indicate the propensity, 
 observed to be much stronger in some 
 men and some animals than in others, 
 to remain in the place in which they 
 have long resided; or to be attached to 
 their home simply because they have 
 become accustomed to it. 
 
 lu-ba-la'tion. [Inliala'tio, o 'vis ; 
 from inha'lo, inhala'tum, to “breathe 
 in.”] Originally, a drawing of the air 
 into the lungs. Usually applied to the 
 inspiring of medicated or poisonous 
 fumes with the breath. 
 
 In-Sia'Ier. [From the same.] A 
 name applied to an apparatus con- 
 structed for the convenient inhalation 
 of medicinal vapors; sometimes resorted 
 to in pulmonary affections. 
 
 In'i-ad. Applied the same as Inial, 
 used adverbially. 
 
 273 
 
INS 
 
 From iviov, tho “ occiput.”] 
 j to the occiput; looking to the 
 «Aput. A term used by Ur. Barclay in 
 reference to the aspects of the head. 
 
 In-i 't is, idis* [From Xg, ivog, “ fibre.”] 
 Inflammation of muscular fibre or sub- 
 stance. Applied by Feuerstein to rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 Inj. enem. = Injicia'tur en'ema* 
 “Let a clyster be given.” 
 
 Inject. = Injec'tio* “An injection.” 
 
 In-jec'tion. [Injec'tio, o'nis; from 
 inji’cio , injec’tum, to “throw into.”] Any 
 medicated liquor thrown into a natural 
 or preternatural cavity by means of a 
 syringe, or an injection-bag; when in- 
 tended for the rectum, it is termed an 
 enema, or clyster. In Anatomy, the 
 term injection is applied to the filling of 
 the vessels of any part of the body with 
 some bright or highly colored substance, 
 in order to exhibit their form or number 
 to better advantage. Thus, a mercurial 
 injection is often used for the minute 
 vessels or capillaries, as, from its perfect 
 fluidity, it readily penetrates the smallest 
 passages, while its* metallic brilliancy 
 enables the minutest vascular ramifica- 
 tions to be clearly seen. But a resinous 
 compound — colored red or blue, accord- 
 ing as the design is to represent the 
 arteries or veins — is, perhaps, most gene- 
 rally used. 
 
 In-Knees. A vulgar name for the 
 deformity termed Genua valga. 
 
 Isi-nate'. [From in, “in,” or “on,” 
 and nas'eor, na'tus, to “ be born.”] Lite- 
 rally, “inborn,” or “produced upon.” 
 Applied to anthers which are attached 
 by their base to the apex of the filament. 
 
 In-ner-va'tion. [Innerva'iio, 
 o 'nit; from in, “ into,” or “to,” and ner'- 
 vns, a “nerve,” or “strength.”] That 
 vital process by which nervous energy is 
 communicated to any part. 
 
 Iii-ner'vis.* [From in, priv., and 
 ner'vns, a “nerve.”] Applied to cotyle- 
 dons and leaves when the nervures, en- 
 veloped by the parenchyma, are not 
 seen externally, and seem not to exist. 
 
 Innominata Artery. See Arteria 
 Innominata. 
 
 Iii-uoin-i-na'tus.* [From in, priv., 
 and no' men, a “name.”] Having no 
 name ; unnamed. 
 
 In-nu-trl'tioii. [Iniiutri'tio,o'»h; 
 
 from in, priv., and nn'trio, nutri'tum, to 
 “nourish.”] Want of nourishment. 
 
 In-o ■car'pus. ::f [From Xg, iv6g, a 
 “fibre,” and Kapndg, “fruit.”] Having 
 fibrous fruit. 
 
 274 
 
 In-o-efron-dri'tis, idle* [From Xg, 
 i vug, a “fibre,” and xovfyng, a “carti- 
 lage.”] Inflammation of tendons and 
 cartilages. 
 
 In-oc-u-la/tion. [Inocula'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from inoc'ulo , inocula'tum , to 
 “ingraft.”] The insertion of virus into 
 any part of the body in order to com- 
 municate a disease. 
 
 In-o-gen'e-sis.* [From Xg, ivog , a 
 “fibre,” and yhu, to “be born.”] The 
 production of fibre. 
 
 In-o-ma, aft*.* [From Xg, ivog , a 
 “fibre.”] A fibrous tumor. 
 
 Inonction. A French term for In- 
 unction, which see. 
 
 iBi-o-pory-pus.* [From tj, ivog, a 
 “fibre,” and polypus.] A fibrous poly- 
 pus. 
 
 In-or-gan'ic. [Inorgaii'iciis; from 
 in, priv., and or'ganum, an “organ.”] 
 Destitute of organs. Applied to minerals 
 as distinguished from animals and vege- 
 tables. 
 
 In -os'cu-lat-ing > . [From in, “into,” 
 and os'cuhun, a “ little mouth.”] Open- 
 ing into each other; anastomosing, as 
 the tubes of some plants. See Inoscu- 
 lation. 
 
 In-os-cu-la'tion. [Inoscula'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from the same.] The junction or 
 interunion of different branches of arte- 
 ries, or veins, or extremities of arteries 
 with the origins of veins. 
 
 In. pulm. = In pulmen'to.% “ In 
 gruel.” 
 
 Inquest. See Inquisitio. 
 
 In 'quest, Cor'o-ner’s. An inqui- 
 sition appointed by a coroner in a case 
 of sudden death, by summoning a jury 
 to make inquiry upon examination of the 
 body, respecting the cause of death, etc. 
 
 In-qui-si'tion. [Inquisi tio. o’nis; 
 from inqui'ro, inquisi'tnm, to “search 
 into,” to “inquire.”] An inquiry or in- 
 quest of jurors, in causes civil and crimi- 
 nal, on proof made of the fact on either 
 side, as in cases of the lunacy of crimi- 
 nals, etc. 
 
 In-sal-i-fi'a-ble. [Insalifiab'ilis ; 
 
 from in, priv., and saliftab'ilis , “capa- 
 ble of being formed into a salt.”] Ap- 
 plied to oxides which are not acids, nor 
 capable of neutralizing them. 
 
 lu-sal-Y-va'tion. [Insaliva'tio, 
 o'nis; from in, “by,” and saliva'tio, a 
 “filling with saliva.”] The process of 
 mixing the saliva with the food in the 
 act of mastication. 
 
 In-saue'. [Insa'niis; from in, neia- 
 tive, and eu'nus, “sane,” or “sound.”] 
 
INS 
 
 INT 
 
 (Fr. Feu, foo.) Mad; wanting intellect ; 
 deranged in mind. 
 
 In-san'M-4y. [Insa'nia, Insan'i- 
 
 tas, a 'tis; from the same.] (Fr. Folie , 
 foie'.) Deranged intellect; madness or 
 lunacy. 
 
 Insatiable Appetite. See Bulimia. 
 
 In'sect. [See Insectus.] A name 
 applied to any small animal having the 
 body deeply incised, or, so to speak, di- 
 vided between the head and the belly; as 
 the common fly, the bee, the ant, the 
 locust, etc. 
 
 In-sec'ta,* the plural of In-sec tum, 
 an “ insect." 
 
 In-sec-tif'er-us.* [From insec' turn, 
 an “insect,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Ap- 
 plied to amber ( Succinum ) when it con- 
 tains insects imbedded in its substance. 
 
 In -sec-tiv'or-ous. [Insectiv'or- 
 us; from insec' ta, “insects,” and vo'ro , 
 to “devour.”] Insect-devouring. Ap- 
 plied in the plural neuter ( Jnsectiv'ora ) 
 to a family of Mammalia. 
 
 In-sec-tol'o-gy- [Inscctolo'gia ; 
 
 from insec' turn, an “insect,” and A oyoj, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise upon insects. 
 The same as Entomology. 
 
 In-sec'tum.* [I.e. an'imal in- 
 sec'tum; an'imal, a “living creature,” 
 and insec' tus, “cut in,” “incised.”] Lite- 
 rally, an “incised animal.” A small ani- 
 mal of a particular description. See In- 
 sect. 
 
 In-sec'tws.* [From in'seco , insec'- 
 tum , to “cut into.”] Insec'ted. Applied 
 in the plural neuter {Insec' ta) to a class 
 of Articulata. See Insectum. 
 
 In-ser'tion. [Inser'tio, o'nis ; from 
 in'sero , inser'tum , to “implant,” or “in- 
 sert,” to “ set in.”] The attachment of 
 muscle to a bone : also, the entrance of 
 a nerve into a muscle or organ. Also, 
 the place or the mode of junction of 
 leaves with the stem, etc. 
 
 In -ses-so'res.* [From insi'deo , iri- 
 ses' sum, to “sit upon,” to “perch.”] 
 “ Perchers.” A name applied some- 
 what loosely to various orders or divisions 
 of birds. C. Bonaparte includes under 
 this term the Pas' seres scanso'res and 
 Accip'itres. 
 
 In'si-dens, cal''?'.? * [From insi'deo , 
 to “sit upon.”] Sitting upon; resting, 
 or floating on, the surface. Applied for- 
 merly to matters supernatant on the 
 urine. 
 
 In Si'tu* (ablative of si' tus, “situa- 
 tion”). In its natural position or situa- 
 tion. 
 
 In-so-la tion. [Insola'tio, o'nis; 
 
 from inso'lo, insola’tnm, to “dry in the 
 sun,” to “ expose to the sun.”] Exposure 
 to the sun to promote the action of one 
 substance upon another; blanching; 
 bleaching. Exposure to the sun as a 
 cause of disease. 
 
 Insoluble, or Insolubility. See 
 
 Solubility. 
 
 In-som'ni-a.* [From in, priv., and 
 som'nus , “sleep.”] Want of sleep; 
 wakefulness. See Agrypnia, Pervigi- 
 lium. 
 
 In-spec'tion. [Inspec'tio, o'nis; 
 
 from inspi'cio , inspec' turn, to “observe,” 
 or “examine,” to “behold.”] Examina- 
 tion by the eye. See Exploratio. 
 
 In-spl-r a t ion. [Inspira'tio,o'm#,* 
 from in, “in,” and spi'ro , spira'lmn, to 
 “breathe.”] The act of drawing in the 
 breath. 
 
 Inspissantin,* in-spis-san'sbe-a. 
 [From in, intensive, and spis’so , spissa'- 
 tum, to “thicken.”] Agents which aug- 
 ment the density of the plasma, or color- 
 less portion of the blood. 
 
 In'spts-sat-ed. [Iiispissa'lus; from 
 the same.] Made thick by evaporation 
 of the thinner parts. Applied to vege- 
 table juices. 
 
 In'stinct. [Instinc'tns ; from in- 
 stinfj'uo, instinc'tum, to “move,” or “ex- 
 cite.”] That power by which animals 
 are moved, independently of instruction 
 or experience, to perform such acts as 
 are necessary for the preservation of the 
 individual or the race. 
 
 In'stru-ment. [ Inst rumen 'tu m ; 
 from in'struo, to “ provide with,” or “fur- 
 nish.”] Any mechanical appliance, tool, 
 or agent used in manipulations or opera- 
 tions. 
 
 In-suf-tla'tion. [InsufHa'tio,o'a?^/ 
 
 from in, “into,” and svf'Jlo , sujfla' turn , to 
 “blow.”] The act of blowing into any 
 cavity, or hollow part, by mechanical 
 means, or otherwise. 
 
 In'su-lat-ed. [Insula'tus; from 
 in' su la, an “island.”] Surrounded by 
 non-conductors. Also, in Entomology, 
 applied to discoid areolse of the wing 
 which are without connection with others. 
 See Insulation. 
 
 In-su-lation. [Insula'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] The state of being 
 insulated, detached, or separated from 
 surrounding bodies (as an island is de- 
 tached or separated from the main land). 
 Applied in electrical experiments to the 
 state of a body surrounded by non- 
 conductors. 
 
 lu te-grant. [In'tegrans; from 
 275 
 
INT 
 
 INT 
 
 in'tegro, to “make whole/’ to “complete” 
 or “perfect/’ hence, to constitute an 
 essential part of any thing.] Applied to 
 the atoms of simple bodies. Applied, 
 also, to the smaller particles into which 
 a mineral may be divided without its 
 nature undergoing alteration. 
 
 In-teg-ri-fo'li-us.* [From in'teger, 
 “ entire,” and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
 entire leaves. 
 
 In-teg/ u-ments. [From in'tego , to 
 “cover.”] (Fr. Tegument, t&'gii'moN 0 '.) 
 The cuticle, rete mucosum , cutis, and adi- 
 pose tissue, together forming the cover- 
 ing of every part of the body except the 
 nails, therefore termed common integu- 
 ments. The covering of seeds, etc. See 
 Tegument. 
 
 Intellect, diseases affecting- tlie. 
 
 See Phrenica. 
 
 In-tense'. [Inten'sus; from in- 
 ten' do, iuten'sum, to “stretch,” or “put 
 to the utmost stretch,” as the string of a 
 harp or bow.] Literally, “kept on the 
 str tch,” or “put to the utmost stretch:” 
 thus, we say, “intense application.” 
 Hence, the term signifies carried or raised 
 to the highest degree. Applied to heat, 
 cold, pain, etc. 
 
 In-ter-ar-tic'u-lar. [Interarticu- 
 
 la'ris; from in' ter, “between,” and ar- 
 tic'uius, a “joint.”] Situated between 
 the joints. 
 
 In-ter-cal'a-ry. [Intercala'ris, 
 Intercala'rius ; from in' ter, “ between,” 
 and Cal (from the Sanscrit Kdld, “time”), 
 an ancient root, signifying a “time,” or 
 a “portion of time”?] Applied to a day 
 inserted in the calendar every fourth year, 
 called leap-year. Applied also to any 
 time between the paroxysms of periodical 
 diseases. 
 
 In-ter-cel'lii-lar. [Intercellufla'- 
 
 ris ; from in' ter, “ between,” and cel'lnla, 
 a “little cell.”] Between the cellules of 
 animal or vegetable tissue. 
 
 In-ter-cil i-um.^ [Probably a con- 
 traction of inter8iipercil' ium, “ between 
 the eyebrows.”] The space between the 
 eyebrows ; the glabella. 
 
 In-tcr-cla-vic'u-lar. [Intcrcla- 
 vicularis; from in' ter, “between,” 
 and c/avic'ula, the “collar-bone.”] Be- 
 tween the clavicles. 
 
 In-ter-cos'tal. [Intcrcosta'lis ; 
 from in' ter, “between,” and cos'ta, a 
 “rib.”] Between the ribs. 
 
 Iii-ter-cur'rcnt. [Interciir'reiiM, 
 en 'tis; from in' ter, “between,” and* 
 cur'ro, to “ run.”] Occurring, or running, 
 between. Applied to diseases which 
 276 
 
 occur sporadically during the prevalence 
 of epidemic or endemic diseases. 
 
 In-ter'cus, u tis.* [From in'ter, 
 “ between,” and cu'tis, the “ skin.”] Be- 
 tween the skin and flesh. Applied to 
 dropsy of the cellular tissue. 
 
 In-ter-cu-ta'ne-us.* [From the 
 same.] The same as Subcutaneus. 
 
 lai-ter-fo-li-a'ceous. [Iciterfotia'- 
 ceus; from in'ter , “between,” and fo'- 
 lium, a “leaf.”] Applied to flowers 
 growing alternately between each couple 
 of opposing leaves. 
 
 In-ter-lofo'u-lar. [Interlobula'- 
 ris; from in'ter, “between,” and lob'u - 
 las, a “ little lobe.”] Between lobes, or 
 lobules. 
 
 IiB-t er-max i 1-la-ry . [En termax- 
 illa'ris; from in'ter, “between,” and 
 maxil’la, a “jaw.”] Applied to a small 
 osseous piece between the maxillary 
 bones. 
 
 In-ter-imls'sioii. [Intermis'siC’, 
 
 o'nis ; from intermit' to, to “leave off for 
 a time,” to “discontinue.”] A tempo- 
 rary cessation. Applied to fevers, etc. 
 
 In-ter-mit'tent. [Intermit 'tens, 
 en 'tis; from the same.] Applied to a dis- 
 ease which disappears and returns again 
 and again at regular or uncertain periods. 
 
 Intermittent Fe'ver. (Lat. Fe'- 
 toris Intermit'tens ; Fr. Fievre in- 
 tennittente, fe-evR' aN G 'teR'm£t'toxt'.) A 
 generic term applied to all fevers in which 
 the paroxysm intermits and returns, — 
 usually at nearly regular intervals. Hr. 
 Good employs An'etus (from avirgu, to 
 “send or let back,” to “unstring” as a 
 bow; hence, to “relax,” to “intermit”) 
 as the systematic name of this genus, 
 which includes three principal species, 
 viz.: (1) Quotid'ian ( quotidia'nus ), the 
 paroxysms of which return every day; 
 (2) Ter' tian ( tertia'nus ), in which the dis- 
 ease returns every third day, that is, on 
 alternate days; (3) Quar'tan (quarta'nus), 
 in which it returns every fourth day, thus 
 leaving two days between the paroxysms. 
 A more particular notice of these differ- 
 ent forms of intermittent will be found 
 under their alphabetical heads. To the 
 above species may be added a fourth, 
 termed Erratic ( errat'icus ), in which the 
 fever occurs at irregular intervals. 
 
 In ter-nodc. [Internodimn, or 
 IiitorcBo'tfiDB.s : fr< in in'ter, “between,” 
 and no'dns, a “joint.”] Applied to tlie 
 phalanges of the hand, being between the 
 joints formed by their united extremi- 
 ties. In Botany, the space between two 
 joints, or nodes, of a stem. 
 
INT 
 
 INT 
 
 Im-ter-oc'ii-lar. [Imterocjila'ris ; 
 
 from in' ter, “between,” and oc'ulus , the 
 “eye.”] Between the eyes. 
 
 Eii-t^a’-o-g^rVaB-Inie*. [laiteroper- 
 cula'ris.J Belonging to the interoper- 
 culum. 
 
 In-tea’-o-jper'cai-laaBM.* [From in- 
 ter , “between,” and oper’culum , a “lid.”] 
 A bony formation which, with the oper- 
 culum and suboperculum , between which 
 it lies, composes a sort of lid for the 
 great opening of the gills of fishes. 
 
 Iii-ler-os'se-oias. [Iaater<a>Vseaaf.i ; 
 from in' ter, “ between,” and os, a “ bone.”] 
 (Fr. Interosseux, aN°'teit'o'suli'.) Situated 
 between bones. 
 
 Iiaterosseux. See Interosseous. 
 
 In-ter-pa-ri'e-tal. [EEnteB*jJi>arie- 
 ta'lis; from in' ter, “between,” and pa- 
 rieta'lis, “relating to a wall.”] Applied 
 to a cranial bone between the parietal, 
 frontal, and superior occipital bones in 
 the Mammifera. 
 
 I n- ter-pet/I-o-lar. [From in' ter, 
 “between,” and peti'olus or pet'iolus, a 
 “petiole.”] A term applied to stipules 
 which are between two opposite leaves. 
 
 Iii-ter-pleu-rI-cos-t»'Ms.* [From 
 in' ter, “between,” and c os'ta, a “rib.”] 
 Applied to the internal intercostal mus- 
 cles. 
 
 Iii-ter-pos-i-ti'vws.* [From in' ter, 
 “between,” and po'no, pos'itum, to 
 “place.”] That which is situated be- 
 tween. 
 
 In-ter-rup-te-Piai-Bia'tais.* [From 
 inter rup'tus, “interrupted,” and pinna' - 
 tus, “pinnate.”] Interrupte Uy -pinnate. 
 Having small pinnate leaflets, intermixed 
 with larger ones. 
 
 In-ter-scap'u-lar. [Interscapu- 
 
 laris; from in' ter, “between,” and 
 scap'ula, the “shoulder-blade.”] Be- 
 tween the shoulder-blades. 
 
 In-ter-sec'tion. [IaiteB*sec'ti©, 
 o'nis; from in' ter, “between,” or 
 “across”? and sec'tio , a “cutting.”] A 
 “cutting across,” or crossing, of two lines 
 or objects. See Chiasma. 
 
 In-ter-spi 'nal. [laifterspma'lis ; 
 from in' ter, “between,” and spi'na , a 
 “spine.”] Between spines or spinous 
 processes. 
 
 In'teir-stSce. [Intersti'tium ; from 
 in' ter, “between,” and sto, to “stand.”] 
 The slight separation between organs, or 
 parts of organs; the minute interval 
 which separates the molecules of bodies. 
 
 Interstitial, in-rer-stish'al. [Inter- 
 stitia'lis; from the same.] Situated 
 between ; pertaining to interstices. 
 
 24 * 
 
 Interstitial Absorp'tion, also termed 
 Inter'nal Absorp'tion. The absorption, 
 in cases of abscess, of textures between 
 the cy.-t and the skin, by which the cyst 
 gradually approaches the surface. Also 
 applied to the process by which the effete 
 materials of the various organs and 
 tissue are removed. 
 
 In-t©r-t rans' verse, or En-ter- 
 trams-ver'safl. [InterrtraBtsversa'- 
 lil»5 from in' ter, “between,” and trans- 
 ver’aus, “.across.”] Between the trans' 
 verse processes of the vertebrae. 
 
 En-ier-4ri'g“©, gr'ints.* [From in' ter, 
 “between,” and te'ro, tri'tum, to “rub,” 
 or “wear.”] An excoriation, or galling, 
 of the skin about the anus, axilla, or 
 other part of the body, with inflamma- 
 tion and moisture. 
 
 Esu-ter-valAar, or Esi'ter-valvecH. 
 [Interval va'ris, or Ian ter vat 'vis; 
 
 from in' ter, “between,” and val'va, a 
 “valve.”] Between valves. 
 
 Im-ter-ver'te-bral. [Entorverte- 
 hra'lis: from in' ter, “between,” and 
 ver'tebra .] Between the vertebrae. 
 
 In-tes'ti-nal. [Eiates*tifiDa'Iiis>; from 
 intesti'nurn , an “intestine.”] (Fr. Ente- 
 rique , oN G 'tArek'.) Belonging to the 
 intestines. 
 
 Im-tes'time, or Intes'tines. [Emtes- 
 ti' num, plural Intesti'na: from in'tus, 
 “within.”] The long membranous tube 
 continuing from the stomach to the anus, 
 in the cavity of the abdome n; th bowels, 
 or entrails. 
 
 EaB-to-na'tik&n. [Ebb t©BB a' tl©, © 'nis; 
 from in'tono, intona'tum, to “thunder.”] 
 The same as Borborygmus. 
 
 lBB-t©r'ti©Bi, or [En- 
 
 tnr'ti© or EBBt©a*'sio, o'nis; from intor'- 
 queo, intor'tum or intor'sum, to “twist,” 
 to “ twine.”] The phenomenon presented 
 by certain plants twining their flexible 
 stalks around others for support. 
 
 [Eiitoxica'tio, 
 o'nis; from in, “into,” and tox’icum, a 
 “poison.”] Literally, the “infusing of 
 poison into” the system. Applied to the 
 effects of alcoholic liquors or narcotic 
 substances used in excess; ebriety. See 
 Temulentia. 
 
 lBB-tra-f©-li-a'ceous. [Inta*af<o>li- 
 
 a'ceus; from in'tra, “within,” and fo'- 
 lium, a “leaf.”] Situated within the 
 leaf, or between the leaf and stem, as 
 certain stipules. 
 
 laa-tra-mar'gi-BBal. [Intramar- 
 ^isaa'lis; from in'tra, “within,” and 
 mar'cfo, a “ border.”] Situated within 
 the margin. 
 
 277 
 
INT 
 
 INV 
 
 In-tra-ver'te-brat-ed. [Isitra- 
 
 vertebra'tus; from in'tra, “ within, ” 
 and vertebra’ tus, “vertebrated,” or “ hav- 
 ing vertebrae.”] Applied to animals hav- 
 ing their osseous system within the 
 body. The same as vertebrated in its 
 ordinary acceptation. 
 
 In-tri-ea-tw'ra.* [From intri'co, 
 intrica’tum, to “ entangle.”] An entan- 
 gling or matting of the hair. See 
 Plica. Also, the same as Chiasma. 
 
 In-tro-ftexecl'. [From in'tro , “ in- 
 wards,” and flee’ to, flex’ um, to “bend.”] 
 Bent strongly inwards. 
 
 In-tro'I-tus.* [From in'tro, “in- 
 wards,” and e'o , i’tum , to “go.”] En- 
 trance. Hence the term introitus (or 
 apertur a) pelvis superior is applied to the 
 upper or abdominal strait of the pelvis. 
 
 Iai-trorse'. [Intror'sus.] Turned 
 inwards, towards the axis or pistil, as 
 some anthers. 
 
 Introsusception. See Intussus- 
 ception, and Invagination. 
 
 In-tu-mes'^ence. [Intuinescen'- 
 tia; from intumes'co, to “swell.”] A 
 swelling; an increase in volume of the 
 tissue of any part or organ. Applied in 
 the plural ( fntumescen'tise ) to an order of 
 the class Cachexise of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Iii-tus-sus-^ep'tion. [Intussus- 
 cep'tio, o 'nis; from in' tun, “within,” 
 and 8iiscip'io, suscep' turn, to “ receive.”] 
 The taking of nourishment into the in- 
 terior as a principal part of the process of 
 nutrition of plants and animals. Also, a 
 condition in which a portion of intestine 
 has passed, for some length, within an- 
 other portion (as a small tube might slide 
 into a larger one), thereby obstructing 
 the passage of their contents, and caus- 
 ing serious disease; indigitation; in- 
 vagination. 
 
 In'u-la.* [Corruption of Hele 4 nium .] 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Synge- 
 nesis, natural order Asteraces of Lind- 
 ley (or Composite of Jussieu). Also, the 
 Pharmaeopoeial name (U.S. and Lond. 
 Ph.) for the root of Inula helenium. 
 
 In'ula Ilo-le'ni-uin. The plant 
 elecampane. 
 
 In'u-lin, or Iii'u-Une. [Iiiuli'na.] 
 
 A vegetable product discovered in the 
 Inula helenium, or elecampane. 
 
 In-iinc'tion. [9 n ci net io, o’nis ; 
 
 from in, “into,” “upon,” and un'gno, 
 unc'tum, to “ anoint.”] (Fr. Onction , 
 6\ r k'xe-6x*', or Inonction, ^'niNk'se-dx 0 '.) 
 The act of rubbing in ointment, or simply 
 of anointing. 
 
 lu-un'diit-ed. [Inunda'tus ; from 
 278 
 
 imin'do, inunda' turn, to “overflow.”] Ap- 
 plied to plants which, in certain seasons, 
 live under water. 
 
 In-ustion. [Inus'tio, o 'nis; from 
 in, “in,” and u' ro, us' turn, to “burn.”] 
 A term applied to the burning operation 
 of the cautery. 
 
 In-vag-I-na'tion. [In vagina 'tio, 
 
 o 'nis; from invagi' no, invagina' turn , to 
 “sheathe.”] Another term for Intus- 
 susception. Also, an operation for 
 hernia, in which, after reduction, the 
 skin is thrust by the finger of the opera- 
 tor into the canal, so as to form a cul de 
 sac open externally, retained by means 
 of sutures, etc., till inflammation and 
 adhesion ensue, with the view of oblite- 
 rating the canal. 
 
 In'va-lid. [Inval'idus: from in, 
 
 negative, and val'idns, “strong.”] Ap- 
 plied to those affected by sickness. 
 
 fin-va'sion. [Inva'sio, o'nis; from 
 inva'do, inva'sum, to “invade,” to 
 “seize.”] The first development of the 
 phenomena of a disease; access. 
 
 In-ver-mi-na'tion. [From in, 
 t( within,” and ver'rnino, vermina'tum, to 
 “have worms.”] The diseased condition 
 caused by the presence of Entozo'a, or 
 worms in the intestinal canal. 
 
 In-ver'te«brate. [Invertebra'- 
 tus; from in, negative, and vertebra’ tus, 
 “vertebrated.”] Having no vertebrae. 
 Applied to animals in the plural neuter 
 {Invertebra’ ta), in contradistinction to 
 the Vertebrata. 
 
 In-vol'u-cel. [Involucel'lum ; 
 
 diminutive of involu’ crum.^ A second- 
 ary or partial involucre. 
 
 In-vo-lu'cral. [Involucra'lis; 
 
 from involu' crum, an “involucre.”] Be- 
 longing to an involucre. 
 
 In-vo-lu'crat-cd. [Involucra'- 
 
 tus; from the same.] Having involu- 
 cres. 
 
 In'vo-lu-cre. [Involu 'crum; from 
 
 invol'vo, involu’ turn, to “wrap up.”] A 
 membrane covering any part. A set of 
 bracts surrounding a flower-cluster, or a 
 whorl of bracts situated at the base of 
 an umbel or a capitulum. Sometimes it 
 forms a kind of outer calyx to each 
 flower, as in the Mallow. 
 
 In-vo-lu'cri-form. [Involucri- 
 for'mis; from the same.] Resembling 
 an involucre. 
 
 In'vo-lul-cd. [Involu 'tus; from 
 
 in, “inward,” and vol'vo, valid turn . to 
 “roll.”] Rolled inwards. 
 
 Iu-vo-lu-tl-fo'll-ous. [Involuti- 
 
 lb'lius; froir involu' tus, “folded iu,” 
 
IOD 
 
 IRI 
 
 and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Having leaves 
 folded inward from summit to base. 
 
 I'o-tlate. [I'otlas, a'<<«.] A com- 
 bination of iodic acid with a base. 
 
 ro-«lat-?4l. [So4la'tus; from io r di- 
 uni, “iodine.”] Containing iodine. 
 
 I4>ile. See Iodinium. 
 
 I-4>4les.* [From log, “verdigris,” 
 “poison.”] Full of verdigris. 
 
 I-od'ic. [Io4l'icus; from io’dinm, 
 “iodine.”] Belonging to iodine. Ap- 
 plied to an acid, also termed oxyodic. 
 
 I-4>4l'»-ca.* [The neuter plural of 
 iod’icns : see Iodic.] A class of pharma- 
 ceutical remedies, consisting of prepa- 
 rations of iodine. 
 
 I'o-4li4le. [Iod'idmii; from io'dinm, 
 “iodine.”] A combination of iodine 
 with a simple body. 
 
 Ioriina. See Iodinium. 
 
 Iodine. See Iodinium. 
 
 I-o-din I-iim also written I-o'- 
 4II-11 in, :i: I-od'I-na, ; and I- 4 Ml'i-num.* 
 [From iSifiTjg, “violet-colored.”] (Fr. 
 lode, &'od'.) Iodine. The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name of a simple body obtained 
 from certain sea-weeds, and from sponge. 
 Iodine operates as a general excitant of 
 the vital actions, especially of the ab- 
 sorbent and glandular systems. It is 
 much employed as a remedy in scrofula, 
 in nearly all the forms of this disease. 
 In over-doses, it is an irritant poison. 
 A serious objection to its extensive em- 
 ployment as a medicine, arises from its 
 operating very unequally on different 
 persons. A dose which would act very 
 moderately in a large majority of 
 cases, will sometimes produce, in cer- 
 tain constitutions, the most distress- 
 ing symptoms, such as extreme restless- 
 ness, nausea, palpitations, vomiting and 
 purging, violent cramps, etc., attended 
 with permanently injurious effects on the 
 system. The physician should, there- 
 fore, unless he is thoroughly acquainted 
 with the idiosyncrasy of his patient, 
 commence the use of this remedy with 
 great caution ; after observing its effects, 
 he may gradually increase the dose, if 
 it should seem advisable to do so. 
 
 lo-flism. [I04lis'mus; from io'- 
 dinm, “iodine.”] That derangement of 
 the system produced by the continued 
 administration of iodine. 
 
 IcMliiim. See Iodinium. 
 
 I-oiI'o-forEti. [From io’dinm, 
 
 “iodine,” and for’myle.] A body analo- 
 gous to formic acid when the oxygen is 
 replaced by iodine. 
 
 1-0-410^- H4>'sis.* [From io'dinm , 
 
 “iodine,” and yivdvKos^ to “know.”] A 
 knowledge of the properties of iodine. 
 
 I-4>-4l4>n»'e-tlie.* [From io’dinm , 
 “iodine,” and ylOn, “drunkenness.”] The 
 nervous state induced by too free use of 
 iodine. See Iodism. 
 
 I-o-4l4>i>ii'thi-sis. :;: ‘ [From io'dinm, 
 “iodine,” and phthis'is, a “wasting.”] 
 Tabes, or wasting, caused by the abuse, 
 or excessive use, of iodine. See Iodism. 
 
 I'4>-4loiis. [I4>4 !o'sus; from io’dinm, 
 “iodine.”] Belonging to iodine. Ap> 
 plied to an acid. 
 
 I-4Ml'u-ret. [I«4lure'tnm; from 
 iodin'inm, “iodine.”] A combination 
 of iodine with a simple body. 
 
 I*4>n'tlms. $ [From lovOog , “down.”] 
 The down, or soft hair, which precedes 
 the beard. Also, a pimple on the face, 
 resembling, or identical with, Acne. 
 
 I-op'ter-us. s [From lor, a “violet,” 
 and n repor, a “wing.”] Having wings 
 of a violet color: iop'terous. 
 
 Ip-e-cac-u-ati'Iia.'* (This word is 
 used in South America to signify vomit- 
 ing root.) A name given to several rnd 
 very different species of plants. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || of the root of 
 Ccphaelis Ipecacuanha, otherwise called 
 the fpceacnanhse Radix (“Root of Ipe- 
 cacuanha”). Ipecacuanha, in small doses, 
 is a diaphoretic and expectorant, in large 
 doses it is an emetic. A moderate dose 
 sometimes acts on the bowels. 
 
 I-p4>-mse'a.'** [From ip, a “worm,” 
 and byoiog, “like.”] A Linnaean genus 
 of the class Pcntandria, natural order 
 Conrolrulacesc. 
 
 Iponuea Ja-la'pa,* Ipoime'a 
 Pur^a.* Names for the jalap-plant. 
 
 [From i'ris, and u\yog, 
 “pain.”] Pain of the iris: iral'gy. 
 
 I rd-an-kis't rl-u m,- Ir-E-an-Uis'- 
 tr4>ai.* [From i'ris, and ay k torpor, a 
 “fish-hook.”] An instrument, hook- 
 shaped, used in the operation for artificial 
 pupil by separati n. 
 
 Iri4lacese,*ir-e-da'she-e, orIr'i-4les.'‘* 
 A natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
 plants, including the Iris, Crocus, and 
 Gladiolus, which are prized for their 
 beauty. Saffron is procured from the 
 Crocus Sativa. 
 
 Ir-a-eladmi-a.* [From i'ris, ir'idis, 
 the “iris,” and alpa, “blood.”] Haemor- 
 rhage from the iris. 
 
 See Iralgia. 
 
 Ir-i-Ela'tio, [From i'ris, ir'i- 
 
 'dis, the “rainbow.”] The property of 
 producing the appearance of the colors 
 of the rainbow : irida'tion. 
 
 279 
 
IRI 
 
 IRR 
 
 Ir-i-daux-e'sis.* [From i'ris, and 
 avfyaig, “ increase.”] Thickening or 
 growth of the iris, from exudation into 
 its substance. 
 
 Ir-i-dec'to-mus.* [From i'ris, and 
 eKTS/xinxi, to “ cut out.”] An instrument or 
 kind of knife used for the operation of 
 iridectomy : an iridec'tome. 
 
 Ir-i-dec'to-my. [Iridecto'mia ; 
 from the same.] The operation of re- 
 moving or cutting out a portion of the 
 iris. See Corectomia. 
 
 Ir-i-dec-tro'pi-ttima.* [From i'ris, 
 and ectro'pium , “eversion.”] Eversion 
 of a portion of the iris : iridec'tropy. 
 
 Ir-a-deai-tro'pa-iama.* [From i'ris, 
 and entro'pium , “ inversion.”] Inversion 
 of a portion of the iris. 
 
 Ir-i-de-re'mi-a.* [From i'ris, and 
 ipti/xia, “ destitution/’ “ deficiency.”] De- 
 fect, or imperfect condition, of the iris. 
 
 Irides,* ir'e-dez, the plural of I'ris, 
 forming the Jussieuan name of a natu- 
 ral order of plants. See Iridacea:. 
 
 Ir-a-des'<Eeiat. [From i'ris, the “rain- 
 bow.”] Applied to minerals exhibiting 
 the colors of the rainbow. 
 
 I-rid'a-nm,* [From i'ris, the “rain- 
 bow.”] A metal named in allusion to 
 the variety of colors exhibited by its 
 solutions. It is extremely hard, and the 
 most infusible of all known metals. 
 Specific gravity, about 18.6. It was 
 discovered in 1803, associated with the 
 ore of platinum. 
 
 Ir'i-do-^ele.* [From i'ris, and xfi\rj, 
 a “tumor.”] Hernia, in which a portion 
 of the iris is protruded. 
 
 IrI-do-$i-ne'sis.* [From i'ris, and 
 Kivr]<jig, “motion.”] The movement of 
 the iris, its contraction and expansion. 
 
 Ir'I-do-di-al'y-sis.* [From i’ris, 
 and diaX’ioig, a “separation.”] The opera- 
 tion for artificial pupil by separation. 
 See Coredialysis. 
 
 Ir I-do-do-aae'sis.* [From i'ris, and 
 dosrjo’is, an “agitation.”] Trembling or 
 agitation of the iris. 
 
 Sridomalacia,* ir'e-do-ma-la'shc-a. 
 [From i'ris, and paXaxia, “softness.”] 
 Softening of the iris. 
 
 Ir-X-don'cus.** [From i'ris, and 
 dyx'ig, a “tumor.”] Tumor or swelling 
 of the iris; a tumid iris. 
 
 I-rid-o-pla'nl-a.* [From i'ris, and 
 TrXavdcj, to “wander.”] The same as 
 Iridodoxesis, which see. 
 
 Ir-1-dot'o-my- [Iridoto'imia ; from 
 i'ris, and ripi/v, to “cut.”] The operation 
 for artificial pupil by incision. Seo 
 Corectomia. I 
 
 280 
 
 Ir-i-dot'ro-nms.* [From i'ris, and 
 rpo/xog, a “trembling.”] The same as 
 Iridodonesis, which see. 
 
 I'ris,* gen. Ir'i-dis. Originally, a 
 “rainbow.” A delicate circular mem- 
 brane of the eye, floating in the aqueous 
 humor, suspended vertically behind the 
 cornea, and perforated to form the pupil. 
 It received its name from the variety of 
 its colors. Also, the name of a plant. 
 
 I'ris Flor-esB-ii'iia.* (“Florentine 
 Orris.”) The Pharmacopceial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the rhizoma of the Iris Floren- 
 tina. 
 
 I'ris Ver-sic'o-lor.* Blue Flag. 
 The Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the rhizoma of the Iris versicolor. 
 
 Ir-M-sa'iioii. [Erisa'tio, © 'nis; from 
 i'ris, the “ rainbow.”] The effect of de- 
 composition of light by the prism, and 
 observed in many bodies, shells, and in- 
 sects, caused by the particular arrange- 
 ment of the molecules on their surface, 
 by fissures, etc. 
 
 I'ris&i Moss. The Chondrus crispus. 
 
 I-rit'i-ciis.* Belonging to iritis: 
 irit'ic. 
 
 I-ri'tis.* Inflammation of the iris. 
 
 I'ron. [Lat. Fer'rum; Gr. oi6r t pog • 
 Fr. Fer, feR; Ger. Eisen , i'zen.] The 
 strongest, most common, and most use- 
 ful of the metals. Some of its com- 
 pounds afford medicines of great value. 
 Combined with a small quantity of car- 
 bon, thus forming steel, it possesses great 
 hardness. Iron has the rare property cf 
 capability of being welded. Specific 
 gravity, about 7.7. 
 
 Iron Filings. See Ferri Ramenta. 
 
 Iron Wire. See Ferri Filum. 
 
 Ir-ra-di-a/ttiom. [Irradia'tti©. o' n is; 
 
 from irra'dio, irradia'tum , to “shine 
 upon.”] The phenomenon of the appa- 
 rent enlargement of a body strongly 
 illuminated, as a fixed star, the image of 
 which is never a point, but a disk having 
 a sensible diameter. 
 
 Ir-re-du'cM-Jble. [From in, negative, 
 and redid co, reduc'tum, to “reduce.”] 
 (Fr. Irreductible, 6'rAduk'tebl'.) A term 
 applied to fractures, luxations, hernia, 
 etc., when they cannot be reduced. 
 
 Hrrcdaiclible. See Irreducible. 
 
 Ir-rl-ga'tion. [From ir'riyo, irri- 
 ija’tum, to “water.”] The continual 
 application of a lotion, by dropping water 
 on an affected part. 
 
 [Irritabil'itas, 
 
 o'tis ; from irri'to , irrita'tum, to “pro- 
 voke,” to “excite.”] A property pecu> 
 liar to muscular substance, by which it 
 
IRR 
 
 ISO 
 
 contracts on the application of a stimu- 
 lus. 
 
 Ir-ri-ta'tion. [From the same.] The 
 excessive action of any stimulus, caus- 
 ing a morbid increase in the circulation 
 or sensibility. 
 
 Ir'ri-ta-tive Fe'vei*. That violent 
 derangement of the system excited by 
 great irritation, as from wounds, ulcers, 
 etc. 
 
 Is-a-d el 'pirns.* [From iao?, “equal,” 
 and dde\(pog, a “ brother.'’] Having dia- 
 delphous stamens forming two equal 
 packets : isadel'phous. 
 
 Is-an-tlie'rus.* [From \<rog, “ equal,” 
 and anthc'ra, an “ anther.”] Having 
 anthers equal or alike: isanthe'rous. 
 
 I-saai'tiims.* [From bog, “ equal,” 
 and vuQog, a “flower.”] Having the 
 teguments of all their flowers alike : 
 isan'thous. 
 
 I-sa'tas Tinc-to'ra-a.* Woad. A 
 plant from which an inferior kind of in- 
 digo is procured. 
 
 Is-clri-ad'ic. The same as Iscm- 
 atic, which see. 
 
 IscSiiadocele. See Ischiocele. 
 
 Is-elii'a-gra.* [From iaxioj, the 
 “haunch,” and uypa, a “seizure.”] Gout 
 in the haunch. Also, Sciatica. 
 
 Is-eM-al'gi-a.* [From ioxiov, the 
 “hip,” and d\yog, “pain.”] Is'chialgy. 
 Pain in the ischium. 
 
 Is'-elfoi-as, adis* [From ioxiov, the 
 “hip.”] Gout, or a rheumatic affection, 
 of the hip-joint. 
 
 Is-chi-at'ic. [IscBiiat'icais.] Be- 
 longing to the ischium. 
 
 Is-elai-a-ti'tis.* Inflammation of the 
 Ischiatic nerve. 
 
 Isclaiatocele. See Ischiocele. 
 
 Is-elii-dro'sis.* [From \o\w, to 
 “suppress,” and 'dp's, “sweat.”] Defi- 
 ciency, or suppression, of sweat, or of 
 transpiration. 
 
 Is-chi-drotl-cus.^ Belonging to 
 
 ischidrosis. 
 
 Is'-eM-©-. [F*om ioxiov, the “hip.”] 
 A prefix denoting connection with the 
 ischium, or with the hip-joint. 
 
 [From ioxiov , the 
 “hip,” and Ku\r h a “tumor.”] Hernia 
 at the ischiadic foramen. 
 
 IscMon. See Ischium. 
 
 Is'-eM-o-iaeM-ral'gi-a.* [From ?V- 
 c hinm, the “hip,” and neural* gin, “pain 
 of a nerve.”] Ischiatic neuralgy ; sci- 
 atica. 
 
 Is>€lii-oph'tM-sis. $ [From is'chium, 
 the “hip,” and (pQloig , a “wasting.”] 
 laterally, “consumption, or wasting, of 
 
 the hip-joint.” Hip-joint disease. See 
 Cox arum Morbus. 
 
 [From hxts, the “loin.”] 
 (Fr. Os de Vassiette, <3 d’l&'se'ett'.) The 
 posterior and inferior bone of the pelvis, 
 distinct and separate in the foetus or in- 
 fant; or the corresponding part of the 
 Os innomina' turn in the adult. 
 
 Is-chu'ri-a." [From ioxo>, to “sup- 
 press,” and ovpov, “urine.”] Retention 
 or stoppage of the urine. A genus of 
 the order Epischeses, class Locales , of 
 Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Is-ihn>r]*oplidlial'ini*a. ;i; [From 
 
 ischu'ria, and oplithal'ruia, “inflamma- 
 tion of the eyes.”] Ophthaliny from 
 suppression of the urine. 
 
 I ' si M -glass. [Probably a corruption 
 of Hausenblase , how'zen-bl&'zeh, or 
 how'zen-bl&s; from house, a “sturgeon,” 
 and blase, a “bladder.”] Fish-glue, pre- 
 pared chiefly from the air-bladder of the 
 sturgeon. See Ichthyocolla. 
 
 I-soeh'ro-neus, or I-so«h'ro-nal. 
 [Isocli'rcnns; from 1 cos, “equal,” and 
 Xpotog, “time.”] Enduring an equal 
 space of time, or performed in equal 
 times, as the vibratic ns of a pendulum. 
 
 I-soelft'ro-iis.* [From loog, “equal,” 
 and Xpoa, “color of the skin.”] Of uni- 
 form color: isoch'roous. 
 
 Is-o-c*li'BBal. Is«o«clm i-cal. [Iso- 
 clim'icus; from hog, “equal,” and *Ai/ a>, 
 to “incline.”] Of equal inclination. 
 
 I-sod'ro-mus.* [From bog, “equal,” 
 and ipopiog, a “course.”] Similar to 
 Isochrones, which see. 
 
 Is-o-dy-nam'ic. [Isodyn'amus ; 
 from loog, “equal,” and 6 vvapug, “power.”] 
 Having equal powers: isodyn'amous. 
 
 Is-o-g-©ii'ic. [Isogon'icus; from 
 hog , “equal,” and ycovia, an “angle.”] 
 Having equal angles. 
 
 Is'o-lai-ed. [From the Italian isola , 
 £'so-l&, an “island.”] The same as In- 
 sulated, which see. 
 
 Is-o-mer ic. [From hog , and n?pog, a 
 “part.”] Composed of the same ele- 
 ments in the same proportions, but 
 chemically and physically different. 
 
 I-s©m'er-ism. [Isomeris'mus ; 
 from the same.] The state of compounds 
 that are isomeric. Identity in respect to 
 the quality and quantity of the constitu- 
 ents, with essential difference of chemical 
 properties. 
 
 Isomeros. See Isomeric. 
 
 Is-o-mor'pluism. [Isemorpliis'- 
 mus.] The state or arrangement of 
 bodies that are isomorphous. 
 
 Is-o-mor 'phous. [Isomor'phas ; 
 
 281 
 
ISO 
 
 IVY 
 
 from ho;, “equal,” and popfo'i, “form.”] 
 Of the same form. Applied to substances 
 which resemble each other in their crys- 
 talline forms, but differ in their compo- 
 nent parts. 
 
 Is-o-patEi'i-cus.* Belonging to Isop- 
 athy : isopath'ic. 
 
 I-sop'a-t2iy. [Isopathi'a ; from 
 ho;, “equal,” “exactly like,” or “the 
 same,” and tt aOo;, an “ affection,” or “ dis- 
 ease.”] A branch of Homoeopathy which 
 recommends the administration of virus 
 as a remedy, in the same disease by 
 which it is produced. Thus, it is said 
 that small-pox may be cured by minute 
 doses of variolous matter, etc. The dif- 
 ference between Isopathy and Homoeopa- 
 thy, as the latter is commonly under- 
 stood, is indicated by the etymology of 
 the terms. The one (Homoeopathy) aims 
 to cure disease by inducing a condition 
 of the system similar to that produced 
 by the disease. The other (Isopathy) 
 would combat disease by employing the 
 same (that is, the disease itself) as a 
 weapon. 
 
 Is-o-pet'a-lous. [Isopet'alus ; from 
 ho;, “equal,” and neraXov, a “petal.”] 
 Having equal petals. 
 
 I-sop'o-dous. [Isop'odus; from 
 ho;, “equal,” and irovg, a “foot.”] Equal- 
 footed. 
 
 I-sos'$e-les.* [From ho;, “equal,” 
 and oksXo;, a “leg.”] Having equal legs, 
 or sides. 
 
 Is-o-s$e'm»-nous. [Isoste'moais ; 
 
 from ho;, “equal,” and cThpoos, a “sta- 
 men.”] Having stamens equal to the 
 number of petals. 
 
 Is-o-ther'mal, or Is-o-ttier'mous. 
 [I»o tlier in ns ; from ho;, “equal,” and 
 depun, “heat.”] Of the same degree of 
 heat; of the same temperature. In 
 Physical Geography, isothermal lines are 
 those passing on the surface of the earth 
 through those points at which the mean 
 annual temperature is the same. Iso- 
 thermal zones are spaces on opposite 
 sides of the equator, having the same 
 mean temperature, and bounded by cor- 
 responding isothermal lines. 
 
 Issue. rL at. Foil tic 'ulus; F r. Fonti- 
 cnle , f6.\ 0 'tAkiil'.] A small ulcer or sore 
 produced by art, and kept open by insert- 
 ing a pea or other small body, with a 
 view to relieve irritation or morbid action 
 in a neighboring part. See Revulsion. 
 
 Istli'ini-cus.* [From isth'mus, a 
 “neck,” or “ narrow passage.”] Belong- 
 ing to the isthmus fancium , or to a neck 
 of land. 
 
 282 
 
 IstSn-rcrai'tis, id is* [From isth'mns 
 fau'cium.] Inflammation of the isthmus 
 
 fancium . 
 
 IstEuranodes. See Isthmoides. 
 
 Isftii-mo-dyn'I-a.* [From isth'mus 
 fau'cium, and down, “pain.”] Pain in 
 the fauces. 
 
 IstBa-mo-i'des.* [From isth'mus fau'- 
 cium, and ddo;, a “form.”] Resembling 
 the isthmus fancium: isth'moid. 
 
 IstBi-mo-pa-£Ihi'a.* [From isth'mus 
 fau'cium, and n dOo;, “ disease.”] Disease 
 of the fauces. 
 
 Istti-mo-ple'gi-a.* [From isth'mus 
 fau'cium, and rr Xny'i, a “ stroke.”] Para- 
 lysis of the isthmus fancium. 
 
 Is£k-mop'y-ra.* [From isth'mus 
 fau'cium, and7rup, “fire.”] Inflammation 
 of 'the fauces. 
 
 Isth'mus.* [Gr. hOpog, a “neck.”] 
 A term denoting a neck, or narrow pass- 
 age; as, isthmus fancium, literally, “the 
 narrow passage of the fauces.” 
 
 Itch. See Scabies, Psora, and 
 Psoriasis. 
 
 -Ite. A terminal denoting a salt from 
 a combination of an acid, the name of 
 which ends in -ous. 
 
 I' ter.* A passage of communication 
 between two or more parts. 
 
 I'terad Infundib'ulum.* (“Passage 
 to the Infundibulum.”) The passage of 
 communication between the third ven- 
 tricle of the brain and the infundibulum. 
 It is also termed fora’ men commu'ne «h- 
 te'rius. 
 
 I'ter a Pala'to ad Au'rem.* (“ Pass- 
 age from the Palate to the Ear.”) The 
 Eustachian tube. 
 
 I'ter a Ter'tio ad Quar'tum Ven- 
 tric'ulum.* (“Passage from the Third 
 to the Fourth Ventricle.”) See Aque- 
 duct of Syla^ius. 
 
 Ith-y-phyl'lus.* [From iOv >, 
 “straight,” and (pvWou, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing straight leaves. 
 
 -5tis. A terminal, denoting inflam- 
 mation of any organ *or part indicated 
 by the word to which it is added. Thus, 
 gastritis [from yaorhp, the “ stomach”] 
 signifies “ inflammation of the stomach :” 
 splenitis [from (m\hv, the “spleen”], in- 
 flammation of the spleen, etc. 
 
 lul^iceous. See Julaceous. 
 
 Ivoire. See Ivory. 
 
 I'vo-ry. (Fr. Ivoire, &Vw1r'.) The 
 bone-like matter of the tusks of the ele- 
 phant and some other animals. 
 
 Ivory Black. See Carbon, Animal* 
 
 Ivresse. See Temulentia. 
 
 Ivy. See IIedera. 
 
JAC 
 
 JOI 
 
 J. 
 
 Jacobi Membrana. See Membrana 
 Jacobi. 
 
 Jac-ti-ta'tiom. [Jaetita'tio, ©'may 
 from jac'tito, jactita' turn , to “toss often. ”J 
 The constant tossing from one position 
 to another, the effect of restlessness in 
 acute diseases. 
 
 Jafna Moss. A species of moss 
 found in Ceylon, yielding a semi-opaque 
 jelly, nutritious for invalids,- also called 
 Ceylon moss. 
 
 Ja-la'pa.* [From Jala' pa, or Xa- 
 la'pa , its native place.] Jalap. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || of the root of Ex- 
 ogonium purga , otherwise called the Ipo- 
 msc'a Jala' pa. Jalap is an active cathar- 
 tic, producing copious watery discharges. 
 It is. usually given in connection with 
 other medicines which assist or qualify 
 its operation. Combined with the bitar- 
 trate of potash, it is much employed as a 
 remedy in dropsy, in the hip-disease, and 
 in other scrofulous affections of the 
 joints. 
 
 Ma'pa Al'ba.* (“ Whito Jalap.”) 
 A name for the Convolvulus mechoacana, 
 or mcchoacan. 
 
 Jal'a-pin, or Jal'a-2i>5me. [Jala- 
 pi 'na.j The active principle of jalap. 
 
 Jamaica Bark. See Bark, Cari- 
 bean. 
 
 Ja-mai'ca Pep'per. Dried berries 
 
 of Mgrtus pimenta. 
 
 Jamaica Spirit. [SpiB*'itns Ja- 
 maacen'sis.j A name for rum. 
 
 James’s IPow'der. [Pail 'vis Jac©'- 
 bi; from Dr. James, its inventor.] A 
 febrifuge preparation for which the Pul- 
 vis antimonialis is substituted. 
 
 Jaa'I-pHia Man'i-kot,* or Jat'ro- 
 plia Man'ikot.* A plant from which 
 tapioca and Cassava bread are ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Ja-pan' Earth. The substance 
 termed catechu. 
 
 Jarret, zha'riP. The French term 
 for Poples, which see. 
 
 Jasmin. See Jasminum. 
 
 Jasanimacese,* jas-mi-na'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous shrubs, grow- 
 ing abundantly in tropical India. It in- 
 cludes the Jasmine ( Jas'minum ), which 
 yields a fragrant oil. 
 
 Jas-min'e-av* The Jussieuan name 
 of a natural order of plants. See Jas- 
 
 MINACEjE. 
 
 Jas'ini-num (Fr. 
 
 Jasmin, zhUs'maNo'.) A plant of the 
 Linnsean class Diandria, natural order 
 Jasminacese. The flowers yield an essen- 
 tial oil used as an external application 
 in paralysis and rheumatism. 
 
 Jas'per. [Jas'pls.] A silicious mine- 
 ral, prized for its variegated colors. It 
 is used in jewelry. 
 
 Jat'ro-pka.* A Linnacan genus of 
 the class Moncxcia, natural order Eu- 
 phorbiacese. 
 
 Jat'ropha Cur'cas.* A plant which 
 grows in South America, the West In- 
 dies, and Western Africa. The oil ob- 
 tained from the seeds is similar in its 
 medicinal properties to croton oil, but is 
 less powerful. 
 
 Jatropha Manikot. See Janipiia 
 Manihot. 
 
 Jat'ro-pkate. [Jat'rophas, a'fns.] 
 A combination of j atrophic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Jann'dice. [From the French jau- 
 nisse, zho'ness', “yellowness,” or the 
 “ yellows $” so named from its color.] 
 See Icterus. 
 
 Jannisse, zho'n&ss'. A French term 
 for “jaundice.” See Icterus. 
 
 Jaw. See Maxilla. 
 
 Jecair. See Liver. 
 
 Je-ju num.’- [From jeju’nus, “fast- 
 ing,” “jejune,” “empty.”] The second 
 portion of the small intestine ; so named 
 because it is usually found empty, or 
 nearly so, in the dead body. 
 
 Jel ly. The common name for gela- 
 tine. 
 
 Je-ru'sa-lem Arti-clioke. The 
 
 Helianthus Tubcrosus, a species of sun- 
 flower, the root of which resembles the 
 artichoke in taste. The term Jerusalem 
 as applied to artichoke is a curious cor- 
 ruption of the Italian term gira-sole 
 (jeeTA so'l&), that is, turn-sun in English 
 and heliotrope ( i]\iOTf»cmiov ) in Greek. — 
 (Hoblyn.) 
 
 Jes'u-it’s Bark. A name for Cincho- 
 na, because introduced into Europe by a 
 Jesuit. 
 
 Jet. A black, bituminous substance, 
 used for ornaments, vessels, etc. 
 
 Jeunesse, zhuh'n£ss'. The French 
 term for “youth,” or Adolescence, which 
 see. 
 
 Joint. See Articitlus. 
 
 Joint, Contraction of, Joint, 
 Stiffened. See Ankylosis. 
 
 283 
 
JOU 
 
 JUY 
 
 Joue, zhoo. The French word for 
 “cheek.’’ See Gena. 
 
 Ju'ga,* the plural of Jugum, which 
 see. 
 
 Jugate <l>s. See Os Malal 
 
 Ju-ga'les,* plural of Juga'lis. A 
 name of the superficial temporal, or zyg- 
 omatic, nerves, given off from the facial. 
 
 Jti-ga'lis.* Belonging to the Os 
 juyale , or cheek-bone. 
 
 Juglandaceae,* jug-lan-da'she-e. A 
 small natural order of exogenous trees, 
 natives of the temperate parts of North 
 America and Asia. It includes the 
 Walnut ( Jug Ians ), and Hickory {Cary a). 
 A valuable oil is obtained from some 
 species of Juylans. The bark is purga- 
 tive. 
 
 Jug 'Ians.* Butternut. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the inner 
 bark of the root of Jiujlans cinerea. It 
 is a mild cathartic, resembling rhubarb 
 in its operation. 
 
 Ju'gu-lar. [Jugula'ris; from 
 ju'yulnm, the “throat.”] Belonging to 
 the throat. 
 
 Jugular Veins. The large veins 
 which run from the head down the sides 
 of the neck, and are termed, according 
 to their situation, internal or external. 
 
 Jugu-lusai.* [From jn'yum , a 
 “yoke.”] The throat, or fore-part of 
 the neck. 
 
 Ju'guan,* plural Jn'ga. A Latin 
 word, signifying originally a “yoke:” 
 also, a “ridge,” or “hill.” Applied in 
 Botany to the ridges, or ribs, on the 
 fruit of umbelliferous plants. 
 
 Ju jube. [Juju'ba.] The fruit of 
 the Rhu n' tins Ziz’yphus, a native of the 
 south of Europe, from which a pectoral 
 lozenge is prepared. 
 
 Jul. = Jule'pus .* “A julep.” 
 
 Ju-la'ceous. [From ju'lus , a “cat- 
 kin.”] Resembling a catkin. 
 
 Ju'le?>. [Lat. Jula'pium, or Jule'- 
 pus; Arab. Julzb , a “sweet potion.”] 
 A liquid medicine of an agreeable taste. 
 
 Ju'lus.* A Latin term signifying 
 “catkin.” 
 
 J u-men-te'sus.* [From jnmen'tum, 
 a “beast of burden.”] Applied to the 
 urine, when of a strong rank odor. 
 
 Juncacese,* jun-ka'she-e. A natu- 
 ral order of endogenous glumaceous 
 plants, found chiefly in the colder parts 
 of the world. It includes the common 
 Rush ( J uncus ). 
 
 Jun-ca'ceous. [Juuca'ceus : from 
 jun'cusj a “ rush.”] Resembling the Jun- 
 cu8, or rush. 
 
 284 
 
 Jwncaginaceje,*jun-kaj-e-na'she-e. 
 
 [From Junca'yo, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of endogenous aquatic 
 plants, found in most parts of the world. 
 
 Jun'ce-ws.* The same as Juncaceous. 
 
 Jam'ci,* the plural of Jiincus, a 
 “rush,” forming the Jussieuan name of 
 a natural order of plants. See Juncacese. 
 
 Jun-ci- fo b* ' m is.* [From jun'eus, a 
 “rush.”] Formed like a rush. 
 
 Jungerman n iaceae, * j un g- er-man - 
 ne-a'she-e. [From Junyerman'nia , one 
 of the genera.] A natural order of cryp- 
 togamic moss-like plants, found in 
 damp, shady places. 
 
 Ju'ni-per. The Juniperus communis. 
 
 Ju-nip'e-ri €a-cu'ma-na.* (“ Tops 
 of Juniper.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Ed. Ph.) for the tops of the Ju- 
 n iperus com m unis. 
 
 Jn-nip'e-rus.* A Linn man genus 
 of the class Dioecia, natural order Conif- 
 ers. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 and Lond. Ph.) for the fruit of Juniperus 
 communis. 
 
 Jimip'erns Com-mii'nis.* (Fr. 
 
 Genevrier, zheh-n&'vRe-jV.) The juniper- 
 tree. 
 
 Junip'eims Sa-bi'na. :: (Fr. Sabine , 
 s&'ben'.) The common savin -tree. 
 
 .lumip'erus Vir-gin-i-a'na.* Red 
 
 Cedar. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the tops of the Juniperus Vir - 
 yiniana. 
 
 Jn'pt-teiv* An ancient name for tin. 
 
 Ju-ras'sie. [Juras'sicuss from 
 Ju'ra.] A term applied to a particular 
 group of oolitic rocks found in Mount 
 Jura, and to the corresponding strata of 
 other regions. 
 
 Jurisprudence, Medical. See 
 
 Medical Jurisprudence. 
 
 Jus,* gen. Ju'ris. Broth or soup. 
 
 Jusquiame, zhiis'ke-&m'. The 
 French term for Hyoscyamus, which see. 
 
 Jussieuan, jus-su'an. Belonging to 
 Jussieu: applied to a system of arrang- 
 ing plants according to their resemblance 
 to each other; or what is termed the 
 Natural Method. 
 
 Juvantia,*ju-van'she-a. [Plural neu- 
 ter of ju'vans, present participle of ju'vo, 
 to “help.”] Helping, or aiding; applied 
 to medicines or applications which as- 
 suage pain, nervous distress, etc. 
 
 Ju-ven'tus,* gen. Juo-ven-tu'tis. 
 [From ju'venis , “young;” Fr. Jeunessr . , 
 zhuh'ness'.] Youth. (See Adolescence.) 
 Applied by some writers to the third stage 
 of life, between about the twenty-fifth 
 and thirty-fifth years. 
 
KAJ 
 
 KIN 
 
 K. 
 
 Kajeput. See CA.TuruTi Oleum. 
 
 Ka'li.* [From the Arabic.] The 
 vegetable alkali: potash. 
 
 Ka'li Pu'ruim.* (" Pure Potash.”) 
 The Potassa fusa, 
 
 Ma-flig-'e-nions. [Kalig'enns: 
 
 from ka'li , an "alkali,” "potash,” 
 and yzvvaw, to "generate.”] Applied to 
 metals which form alkalies with oxygen. 
 
 Ma'li-imi.* [From ka'li, "potash.”] 
 A synonymous term for potassium, the 
 base of potash. 
 
 Ka/o-lin,*or Ka'o-llme. (Chinese, 
 Kao-liny, k&'o-ling'.) China clay; a fine, 
 pure clay, procured by levigation from 
 the felspar of mouldering granite, and 
 employed in the manufacture of por- 
 celain. 
 
 Mas 'sit'. A black astringent extract 
 prepared from the seeds of the Arcca 
 catechu • 
 
 Meel. See Carina. 
 
 K^loide, k&'lo'£d\ [From Ktjh 7, a 
 "tumor/' and eldo;, a "form.”] The 
 French name for a disease resembling 
 Cancer, or Scirrhus, also termed Can- 
 croide , and Scirrhoidc. 
 
 Kelotomia. See Celotomy. 
 
 KeBp. The crude soda obtained from 
 the ashes of sea-weed in Holland, and 
 on the northern coast of France. It is 
 used in the manufacture of glass and of 
 soap. 
 
 Ker-a-ti'a-sis.* [From Kzpag, a 
 "horn.”] A horn -like excrescence on 
 the temple or forehead. 
 
 K6 r-a- to-«le- i ' tis. - [From Kcparco^g, 
 the "cornea.”] The same as Corneitis. 
 
 Ker'adome. [Kerato'ma, sitis ; 
 from Kzpag, a "horn.”] A horn-like tu- 
 mor, or swelling. 
 
 M e-rat 'o-myx 'is,* or Ce-rat'o- 
 nyx'is.* [From nepag, a "horn,” or the 
 "cornea,” and wirw, to "puncture.”] 
 An operation by which the crystalline is 
 depressed by a needle passed through 
 the cornea. 
 
 Ke-rat'o-plas'tic. [Keratoplas'- 
 ticiis.] Belonging to keratoplasty. 
 
 Ker-at'o-plas' ty. [Keratoplas'- 
 
 tia; from Kepag, a "horn,” or the "cornea,” 
 and nXacrao), to "form.”] An operation 
 by which the cornea of an animal has been 
 excised and reapplied, or a new one from 
 another animal put in its place. Also 
 written Ceratoplasty, or Ceratoplastica. 
 
 Keratotome. See Ceratotome. 
 
 25 
 
 Ke-rec'to-my. [Kerecto'mia; 
 
 from Kcpag, a “horn,” or the "cornea,” 
 and [Kreni’M, to " cut off.”] The operation 
 of excising the outward layers of the 
 cornea, by which a clear aperture in the 
 middle of a generally opaque cornea may 
 be obtained. 
 
 Kermes An'i-mal, or Ker'mes 
 Iier'ry. [Coc'cus Il'icis.] A name 
 applied to insects found upon the Quer- 
 cus coccifera, which grows in Southern 
 Europe and in the Levant. They are in 
 the form of round, reddish grains, about 
 the size of peas, found adhering to the 
 branches. They were formerly used for 
 dyeing scarlet. Kermes is a Latin form 
 of a word found in several Asiatic lan- 
 guages, and signifying a little worm or 
 insect. 
 
 Mer'mes Min'e-ral. The precipi- 
 tated sulphuret of antimony, named 
 from its resemblance in color to the 
 kermes insect. 
 
 Kibe. See Chilblain. 
 
 Kicl'ney. [Ren, Re'nis.] The 
 kidneys are two glandular bodies situ- 
 ated in the lumbar region, consisting of 
 an external or cortical, and an internal 
 or tubular, substance. Their office is to 
 secrete the urine, and thus to carry off 
 the superfluous fluid matter from the 
 system. 
 
 Kidney-Shaped'. [Renifor'mis.] 
 
 A term applied to a roundish or broadly 
 cordate leaf, concave at the base. 
 
 Kiestein, or Kiestffiflu. See Ivyes- 
 
 TEIN. 
 
 Kil'o-gram, or Kil'o-gramme. 
 
 [From \i\ioi, a "thousand,” and gramme.] 
 A French weight of a thousand grammes, 
 equal to 2.68 (or about 25) lbs. troy, or 
 2.1 lbs. avoirdupois. 
 
 Kilolitre, k£'lo-l£tR', or kil'o-l&'t’r. 
 [From XiKun, a " thousand,” and litre.] 
 A French measure of a thousand litres, 
 equal to 35.3171 English cubic feet. 
 
 Kilometre, kil'o'me'ter (French 
 pron. k&'lo'metR'). [From \i\ioi, a 
 " thousand,” and metre.] A French mea- 
 sure of a. thousand metres, or 4 furlongs, 
 213 yards, 1 foot, and 10.2 inches. 
 
 Ki'na-Ki'ma.* A name for Cinchona. 
 
 Mi 'mate. [Ki'mas, a'tis.] A com- 
 bination of kinic acid with a base. 
 
 Kin-e-sip'a-tliy. [Kinesipatlii'a ; 
 from Kivio), to "move,” and naBog, an 
 "affection,” or "disease.”] A system of 
 285 
 
KIN 
 
 LAB 
 
 athletic exercises and feats of muscular 
 strength, adopted as a means of curing 
 disease. 
 
 King’s Evil. A name given to 
 scrofula , from the belief that it might 
 be cured by the touch of royalty. 
 
 Ki'nie,or kin'ik. [Kin'icus.] (Called, 
 also, Cinehon'ic and Quin'ic.) Ap- 
 plied to an acid obtained from Cinchona. 
 
 Minkina. See Kina-Kina. 
 
 Iii'no. :: The Pharmacopoeial name || 
 for the inspissated juice of the Ptero- 
 car'puft marsu'pium (or of the Pterocar'- 
 pun erina'ceus, according to the Edin- 
 burgh Pharmacopoeia for 1830). 
 
 Mirseiii Wasser, keensh v&s'ser. 
 (“Cherry Water.”) The German name 
 of a liquor distilled from cherries, stones 
 and all. It is sometimes called “ the 
 brandy of Switzerland.” 
 
 Mlep-to-jna'na-a.* [From k\c 7tto>, to 
 “ steal,” and pavia, “ madness.”] A sup- 
 posed species of moral insanity, actu- 
 ating the subjects of it to pilfer and 
 steal. 
 
 Knee. See Genu. 
 
 Knee-Jointed. See Geniculate. 
 
 Knee-Pan. The patella. 
 
 Mnat'ted. [Connex'ns.] That 
 stage in the union of fractured bones in 
 which a certain degree of firmness is at- 
 tained. 
 
 Knock-Knees. See Genua Valga. 
 
 Knotted. See Articulatus. 
 
 Korectomia. See Corectomia. 
 
 Kousso, Koosso, : or Cnsso,* 
 koos'so. The flowers of th e Braye'ra an- 
 thelniin'tica, long used in Abyssinia, and 
 more recently in Europe, as a remedy 
 against T tenia, or tapeworm. 
 
 Kra-me'ri-a.* Rhatany. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name || for the root of the 
 Krameria triandra. 
 
 Krame'riaTri-an'dra.* The sys- 
 tematic name of a plant used as an .astrin- 
 gent, diuretic, and detergent. It belongs 
 to the natural order Polygalaccse. 
 
 Kreasote. See Creasote. 
 
 Kreatin. See Creatin. 
 
 Kreatinin. See Creatinin. 
 
 Ky-es'te-in, or Ky*es'te-ine (fre- 
 quently pronounced ki'es-tln), written 
 also Cyeslein and Kiestcin. [From 
 kvcx) or Kveco, to “ be pregnant,” and ioQfig, 
 a “ garment,” or “ covering,” and, hence, 
 used for “pellicle.”] An albuminoid 
 substance discovered floating as a pel- 
 licle on the urine of pregnant women; 
 not confined, however, to utero-gesta- 
 tion, but connected with the lacteal se- 
 cretion. Taken in connection with other 
 symptoms, it is considered a valuable aid 
 in the diagnosis of pregnancy. 
 
 Kysfotome. See Cystotome. 
 
 L. 
 
 Labdannm, or Lailanum. See 
 
 Cistus Creticus. 
 
 La*bel'lum. :;: [Diminutive of la’ - 
 hium, a “lip.”] The lip or lower petal 
 of ringent, personate, or orchideous 
 flowers. 
 
 La'bi-a,* gen. La-bl-o'rum. The 
 
 plural of Labium, which see. 
 
 La'bia Pu-den'di.* The thick ori- 
 fice of the vulva, or parts external to 
 the nymphte. 
 
 liibi-al. [Labia'lis.] Belonging 
 to the labium. 
 
 Labialis (Muscle). See Orbicularis 
 Oris. 
 
 Ea-bi-a'tfe,* or Lamiacese, $ la- 
 
 me-a'she-e. A natural order of exo- 
 genous plants, mostly herbaceous, which 
 abound in temperate regions. It in- 
 cludes Peppermint (Mentha), Lavender 
 ( Lavandula ), and Sage (Salvia). Their 
 aromatic qualities render many species 
 valuable as carminative medicines, 
 lii'bl-atc. [Labia l ii«* ; from la'- 
 280 
 
 bium, a “lip.”] Having two lips, as the 
 snapdragon flower. 
 
 La-bi-at-i-flo'rus.* [From la' bium, 
 a “lip,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Having 
 labiate flowers. 
 
 Lab-l-dom'e-ter. [Labidom'e- 
 truni; from Aa6Tj, a “forceps,” and 
 perpov, a “measure.”] An instrument for 
 ascertaining the dimensions of the 
 child’s head in the pelvis, etc. 
 
 Ea'bi-um,* plural La'bi-a. [From 
 \aSciu (from \apoavw), to “receive;” be- 
 cause they receive the food.] (Fr. Levre , 
 Icvr or I&vr.) The lip; but often ap- 
 plied to other parts from their resem- 
 blance to a lip. 
 
 La bium Lep-o-ri'iiiun.** The mal- 
 formation called hare-lip. 
 
 Ea'bor.* [From laho'ro, labnra'tum, 
 to “work.” to “labor,” to “be in dis- 
 tress.”] The process of parturition, or 
 childbirth. See Parturition. 
 
 La bor. Coeit'plf-ual-od. That 
 which is attended with some dangerous 
 
LAB 
 
 LAC 
 
 or troublesome accident or disease, con- 
 nected in particular instances with the 
 process of parturition. 
 
 Labor, Morbid. See Parodynia. 
 
 Lab'o-r^-to-ry. [Laboraforiuin ; 
 from labo'ro, labor a' turn, to “ work/’ to 
 “ labor.’’] (Fr. Laboratoire, l&'bo'r& - 
 tw&R\) The place in which chemical 
 operations are performed. 
 
 La'brum.* [From ta'vo , to “ wash ;” 
 a “ bathing-tub,” the “ brim of a ves- 
 sel.”] The lip, especially the upper lip. 
 
 Lab y*rinti). [Labyrin'tliiis; from 
 \a%pi»Qo;, a “place having many wind- 
 ings.”] That portion of the internal ear 
 comprising the cochlea , vestibulum , and 
 semicircular canals. 
 
 Lab-.y-rin'thl-forin. [Labyrin- 
 tun i for 7 inis; from laborin' thus, a “laby- 
 rinth.”] Formed like a labyrinth. 
 
 Lab-y-rintli'o-don.* [From Actft)- 
 piuOo$ f a “labyrinth,” and d'ovg, a 
 “tooth.”] A genus of extinct, gigantic 
 reptiles, characterized by remarkable 
 complexity in the structure of the teeth. 
 
 Lac,* gen. Lac/tis. [From yd\a, 
 ydXaxrog, “milk;” also, the “sap” or 
 “juice” of a plant.] The Latin word 
 for “ milk.” Also, the common name for 
 a substance deposited by an insect on the 
 branches of several kinds of trees in the 
 East Indies. 
 
 Lac'ca,* or Gum Lac. A resinous 
 substance formed by an insect on sev- 
 eral species of East Indian trees. It 
 yields a fine red dye, and is used to 
 make sealing-wax. When melted, it is 
 called Shell-lac. 
 
 La^'er,* neuter La^'er-um. [From 
 \axig, a “rent,” or “cleft.”] Torn; rent: 
 lacerated. 
 
 La^-e-ra'taon. [Lacera'tio, © 'nis; 
 from lay' era, lacera'tum , to “tear.”] The 
 act of tearing or rending. 
 
 La-cer'ti-dse.* [From lacer'ta , a 
 “lizard.”] A group of Saurian s forming 
 the second family in the Cuvierian sys- 
 tem. 
 
 La-cer'ti-f©rm. [Lacertifor 'mis ; 
 
 from lacer'ta , a “lizard.”] Formed 
 like a lizard. 
 
 La-^er-tiai'i-dse.* [From lacer'ta , a 
 “ lizard.”] A family of Saurian reptiles. 
 
 La-cer-t©-i'des.* [From lacer'ta , 
 a “ lizard.”] Resembling the lizard : la- 
 cer'toid. 
 
 La^'er-mn Fo-ra'men,* plural L.^'- 
 er-a Fo-ram'I-sia. (“ Torn Opening.”) 
 The name applied to two irregular open- 
 ings, appearing as if they were torn, be- 
 tween the occipital and temporal bones. 
 
 Lach'ry-ma,* or Lac ry-ma. [Gr. 
 
 idxpvfia; from <5 aKfAw, to “weep.”] (Fr. 
 Lanne, laum.) The limpid secretion of 
 the lachrymal gland. See Tear. 
 
 Laih ry>mal. [LacEirynia lis, or 
 Lacry malls; from lach'rt/ma, a“tear.”] 
 Belonging to the tears. 
 
 Lachrymal Bone. [Os Lachry* 
 male.] See Unguis Os. 
 
 Lachrymal Caruncle. See Ca- 
 RUNCULA LACHRYMALIS. 
 
 Lachrymal l>uct. See Ductus ad 
 Nasum. 
 
 Lach rymal Gland. [Glan'dula 
 Lachryma lis.] The glomerate gland, 
 situated above the external angle of the 
 orbit, which secretes the tears. 
 
 La-cin'i-ate. [Lacinia'tus ; from 
 lacin' ia, a “fringe,” or “ rag.”] Fringed ; 
 jagged ; slashed. Applied to flowers. 
 
 La-cin-i-flo'rus.* [From lacin'ia, a 
 “fringe,” or “rag,” and jlos, a “flower.”] 
 Having fringed petals: laciniflo'rous. 
 
 La-cin-I-fo-li-a'tus.* [From lacin'ia , 
 a “fringe,” or “rag,” and fo'l'um. a 
 “ leaf.”] Having laciniated or fringed 
 leaves. 
 
 La-cin'i-form. [Lacinifor'mis; 
 
 from lacin'ia, a “fringe,” or “rag.”] 
 Formed like a fringe. 
 
 La-cin-u-la'tus.* [From lacin'ula , 
 a “little fringe.”] Having irregular 
 divisions. 
 
 La-cin-u-lo'sus.* [From lacin'ula, 
 a “little fringe.”] Having, or full of, 
 little fringes. 
 
 Lacis, l&'s&\ The French term for 
 Plexus, which see. 
 
 Lac'nms. Synonymous with Litmus. 
 
 La*con'i*cum. ;i; [From Lacon'icns , 
 “belonging to Laconia,” or Lacedae- 
 mon.] A name applied to a vapor bath, 
 from its having been much used by the 
 ancient Lacedaemonians. 
 
 Lacryma. See Lachryma. 
 
 Lact-al-bu'mcu. [From lac, “milk,” 
 and albu'men.] Literally, the “albumen 
 of milk.” Another name for Casein. 
 
 Lac'tate. [Lac'tas, a'^/s.] A com- 
 bination of lactic acid with a base. 
 
 Lac-ta'tion. [Lacta'tio, o'nis; 
 from lac' to, lacta'tum, to “ suckle.”] 
 The act or the period of giving suck. 
 
 Lac'te-al. [Lac'teus; from lac, 
 lac' t is, “milk.”] (Fr. Lacte, l&k'tA'.) 
 Belonging to milk. Applied to certain 
 vessels, because they absorb and convey 
 a fluid (chyle) of a milky appearance. 
 
 Lac'te-als. [Va'sa Chylif 'era, or 
 Va'saLac'tea.] Thechyliferous vessels. 
 See Lacteal. 
 
 287 
 
LAC 
 
 LAG 
 
 Iiac'te-in. [Xactei'na; from the 
 same.] A substance obtained by the 
 evaporation of milk, concentrating its 
 essential qualities; solidified milk. 
 
 Iiac'te-ous. [jLac'teus; from lac, 
 lac'tis , “ milk/’] Milk-white. 
 
 liac-tes'^emce. [XactesceM'tia; 
 from lades' co, to “ become like milk,” 
 to “ have milk.”] The quality of any 
 liquid that is thick, white, and resembles 
 milk. 
 
 ILac-tes'^ent. [liactes'cens; from 
 the same.] Resembling milk, or yield- 
 ing a milky juice, as some plants. 
 
 iLac'tic. [JLac'ticus ; from Zac, lac'- 
 tis, “milk.”] (Fr. Lactique, lak'tek', or 
 Laiteux, liPtuh'.) Applied to an acid 
 obtained from milk; also termed Galac- 
 tic. 
 
 liac'tic A^'icJ. [A^'idum ILac'ti- 
 
 cum.] A syrupy, nearly transparent, 
 liquid, of a pale wine color, having a 
 slight, bland odor, and a very sour taste. 
 Its specific gravity is 1.212. It is found 
 in a number of animal secretions, 
 and exists abundantly in the juice of 
 flesh. It is usually obtained by decom- 
 posing the lactate of iron by alcohol. 
 Lactic acid has been assigned a place on 
 the primary list of the U.S. Pharmaco- 
 poeia for 1860. Lactic acid has been used 
 with advantage in some forms of dys- 
 pepsia. 
 
 liac-tif'er-ous. [Xactif'erMs; 
 
 from lac, lac'tis, “ milk,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Producing or conveying milk. 
 
 liactlf'erous Ducts. The milk- 
 conveying ducts of the mammillary 
 glands. 
 
 Iiac-ti-tlo'riis.* [From lac, “milk,” 
 and jlos , a “ flower.”] Having flowers 
 white like milk : lactiflo'rous. 
 
 Liac-tif BB-g-iis.* [From lac, “milk,” 
 and fu'yo, to “drive away.”] Lacti- 
 fuge. Preventing, or checking, the secre- 
 tion of milk. 
 
 L<ac'tin, or liac'tme. [From lac, 
 “milk.”] Sugar of milk. 
 
 I^ac'tisfthe genitive of Lac, which see. 
 
 I^ac-tiv'or-ous. [Xactiv'orus; from 
 lac, “milk,” and vo'ro, to “devour.”] 
 Milk-devouring, or living on milk. 
 
 Ijac'to-^cle.* [From lac, “ milk,” 
 and KrjXri, a “tumor.”] A collection of a 
 milk-like fluid ; also termed Galactocclc. 
 
 L.actoinctriun. See Galactometer. 
 
 Lac'tto-scope. [Iv,tct©s'cog>us ; 
 from lac, “ milk,” and aKoneo), to “ ex- 
 amine.”] An instrument for ascertain- 
 ing the quantity and value of milk. 
 
 Luic-tu'ca.* [From lac, “milk;” 
 
 288 
 
 named on account of its milky juice.] 
 (Fr. Laitue, IsPtii'.) A Linnaean genus 
 of the class Sync/enesia, natural order 
 Compositse, or Chicoracese. Also, the 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. Ph., 1851) 
 for Lactuca sativa. 
 
 Lactu'ca Sa-ti'va.* Garden lettuce. 
 
 l<actai'ca Vi-ro'sa.* The strong- 
 scented lettuce (termed also Opium-let- 
 tuce) from which laducarium is obtained. 
 
 lAic-tu-ca'ri-wm.* [From ladu'ca, 
 “lettuce.”] The Pharmacopoeial name 
 for the inspissated juice of Lactuca sativa 
 and Lactuca virosa. 
 
 ILa-cii'na,* plural I^a-cu'nse. [From 
 la'cus, a “ lake,” or “ditch.”] Literally, 
 a “ditch,” “hole,” or “chasm.” Ap- 
 plied in Anatomy to the excretory ducts 
 of mucous glands. Applied in Botany 
 to punctures on stems, leaves, etc. 
 
 Lacu na Mag'na.* (“ Large Lacu- 
 na.”) A small opening, or hollow larger 
 than the rest, situated near the Fossa 
 navicularis of the male urethra. 
 
 tia-cw'Bttse,* the plural of Lacttna. 
 
 ILa-e&i'BBair. Having, or resembling, 
 lacunse. Also, a “ roof.” See next article. 
 
 liacu'Biar (“Roof of 
 
 the Orbit.”) The roof of the orbit of 
 the eye. 
 
 I.ac-u-iB©se'. [liacBBBio'suBs; from 
 
 lacu'na, a “gap,” or “cavity.”] Hav- 
 ing lacunse; full of depressions, or cavi- 
 ties. 
 
 lia-CMs'trine. [liacus'tris ; from 
 la'cus, a “lake.”] Belonging to a lake. 
 
 Ijaesi©. See Lesion. 
 
 l.aevig’atio. See Levigation. 
 
 ]La-g , eaB'i-f©B*BBB. [I^ag-eminfor'Biais ; 
 from lage'na, a “bottle.”] Having the 
 form of a Florence flask. 
 
 Irag'-irae'sis.** [From \ayvrjs, “lust- 
 ful.”] Lust. The name of a genus in 
 Good's Nosology. 
 
 ILa-soon'. [ILagMti'BBa; from la’cus, a 
 “lake.”] A shallow channel, or creek, 
 mostly on the margin of the sea. 
 
 I^ag , -©p>IlB-fIliiaIl'iBBi-a. ;:: ‘ [From \ayu 3$, 
 a “hare,” and dpQa\^, the “eye.”] A 
 disease in which, from a defect in the 
 upper eyelid, there is imperfect power 
 of closing the eye: so named, it is said, 
 because this is the natural condition of 
 the eye of the hare when asleep. 
 
 Iias , -©u>llB-4BBal'BiiB3-C3BS. :: ' : ‘ Belonging 
 to lagophthnbnia. 
 
 Lii'gup'dMlous. [Iiag’OjB'odtBS ; 
 
 from Xayajj, a “hare,” and jtouj, a 
 “foot.”] Applied to certain birds, hav- 
 ing the feet covered with soft hair or 
 down. 
 
LAG 
 
 LAN 
 
 La-go'pus, p'oc??*.* [From the same.] 
 Hare-footed. Applied to the grouse ge- 
 nus; also to the fox, and other animals. 
 
 La-gos'to>ma.' !: [From a 
 
 “ hare,” and or opa, a “ mouth.”] Another 
 name for hare-lip. 
 
 Lait, Id. The French for Milk, 
 which see. 
 
 Laiteux. See Lactic. 
 
 Lake. A term applied to certain 
 insoluble compounds, — pigments com- 
 posed of aluminous earth and vegetable 
 or animal coloring matter, as carmine 
 lake, madder lake. It appears to have 
 been originally applied to red pigments 
 only : it is perhaps a corruption of 
 lac, a reddish resinous substance. See 
 Lac. 
 
 Lal-la/tion. [LaJla'tio, o'nis.] A 
 term for the faulty pronunciation in 
 which l is rendered unduly liquid, or 
 substituted for an r. 
 
 Lamb-da-cis'miis.* [From lamb' da, 
 the name of the Greek A, or £.] The 
 same as Lallation, which see. 
 
 Lamb'doid, or Lamb-doi'dal. 
 [From lamb’ da, and eidog, a “form.”] 
 The same as Lambdoides. 
 
 Laanb-do-i'des.* [From A, and eidog, 
 a “ form.”] Resembling the Greek l, or 
 lambda. 
 
 Lainbdoi'des ©s.* The Os hyoides, 
 so called from its resembling the Greek 
 letter A. 
 
 Lam'el-lar, or Lam'el-late. [Lam- 
 ella'ris; from lamel'la, a “thin plate.”] 
 Composed of flat plates ; having lam- 
 ellae. 
 
 La-mel-li-brasi'-eM-ate. [Larnsl- 
 libraaaclaia'tiis, or Lamellibran'- 
 
 cbius; from lamel'la, a “thin plate,” 
 and f3piyxia, “ gills.”] Having the gills 
 disposed symmetrically in large semi- 
 circular plates. 
 
 La-mel-li-eor'iiis.* [From lamel'la, 
 a “thin plate,” and cor' mt, a “horn.”] 
 Applied to insects having lamellar horns 
 (or antennae) : lamellicornate. 
 
 Lam-el-lif'er-oias. [Lamellar er- 
 us; from lamel'la, a “thin plate,” 
 and fe’ro, to “ bear.”] Bearing or having 
 lamellae. Applied to certain plants. 
 
 La-mel'll-form. [LamelSifor'mis ; 
 from lamel'la, a “thin plate.”] Formed 
 of, or like, small plates. 
 
 Lam-eMig'er*u§. $ [From lamel'- 
 la , a “ thin plate,” and ge'ro, to “ carry.”] 
 The same as Lamelliferous : lamellig'- 
 erous. 
 
 La-mel'li-pes, edis* [From lamel'la, 
 a “ thin plate,” and pea, a “ foot.”] Hav- 
 25* 
 
 ing flattened and lamelliform feet. Ap 
 plied to a section of Conchifera. 
 
 Lam-el-li-ros'tres,* or La-mel-li- 
 ros'trals. [From lamel'la, a “thin 
 plate,” and ros'trum, a “ beak.”] The 
 name of a tribe of swimming birds, the 
 fourth in the system of Cuvier, com- 
 prising those in which the margins of 
 the beaks are furnished with numerous 
 lamellae or dental plates, arranged in a 
 regular series, as in the swan, goose, and 
 duck. 
 
 Lun i-na,* plural Lam'i-nae. Any 
 thin plate or layer of bone, membrane, 
 or other substance. The border of a 
 polypetalous corolla ; the blade of a leaf 
 or petal. 
 
 Lain'i-nat-ed. [Lamina'tiis.] Ap- 
 plied to parts that consist of thin layers, 
 or laminae, lying closely upon each 
 other. 
 
 Lavn'I-ni-form. [Laminifor'mis; 
 
 from lam' ina, a “ ihin plate.”] Flattened 
 in the form of a thin plate. 
 
 Lamp black. A species of char- 
 coal, of which the finest sort is produced 
 by collecting the smoke from a lamp. 
 
 Lam-po-car'pus.* [From AJ/irrw, to 
 “shine,” and xapnog, “fruit.”] Having 
 shining fruit: lampocarpous. 
 
 Lam-pro-plto'ni-a.* [From A ay- 
 7 Tpog, “bright,” “clear,” and tptoerj, the 
 “voice.”] A clear and sonorous state of 
 the voice. 
 
 Lam-pro-phyl'le-ns.* [From A ay- 
 irpog, “bright/’ “clear,” and (j^vWov , a 
 “leaf.”] Applied to plants having 
 smooth and bright leaves. 
 
 Lam 'pro-pits.* [From A aynpog, 
 “bright,” “clear,” and vovg, a “foot.”] 
 Having the stipes, or foot, of a bright 
 appearance. 
 
 Lam'py-ris, id is* [From Xaynw, to 
 “shine,” and nvp, “fire.”] The glow- 
 worm. 
 
 Lam'pyris Xoc-ti-lu'ca.* The 
 
 systematic name of the glow-worm. 
 
 La'na.* Wool. Applied to a kind 
 of pubescence which covers the surfaces 
 of plants. 
 
 La'na PEiil-o-sopb'i-ca.* (“Phil- 
 osophical Wool.”) Flowers of zinc, or 
 the snowy flakes of the white oxide of 
 zinc, which arise and float in the air 
 from the combustion of that metal. 
 
 La'nate. [Lana'tus; from la'na, 
 “wool.”] Woolly; having a pubescence 
 like wool. 
 
 Lan-ce'o-la.* [Diminutive of lan'- 
 cea, a “lance.”] A little lance ; a lancet, 
 and, so, the same as Lancet, which see. 
 
 289 
 
LAN 
 
 LAP 
 
 Lan'ce-o-late. [Lanceola'tus ; from 
 
 lance' ola, a “ little lance.”] Having the 
 form of a little lance, or spear. 
 
 Lau'cet. [Lat. Lancet'ta; Fr. 
 Lancette, lbN°'set'.] A two-edged instru- 
 ment for bleeding, or other purposes. 
 
 Lan-ci-fo 'll-© us. [Lancifo lins; 
 from lan'cea, a “ lance/" and f o' Hum, a 
 “leaf.”] Having lanceolated leaves, or 
 divisions of leaves. 
 
 Lan'ci-form. [Laaicifor'mas ; 
 
 from lan'cea, a “lance.”] Having the 
 form of a lance, or head of a lance; ap- 
 plied to teeth, etc. 
 
 Laii'cl-nat-ing. [Lan'cinaais, 
 
 from lan'eino, to “thrust 
 through,” or “rend.”] Piercing, as 
 with a lance; lacerating. 
 
 Langue, lbxg. The French word for 
 Tongue, which see. 
 
 Lan'guor, o'r is* A listless unwil- 
 lingness to use exertion, with faintness. 
 
 L.a-nifer-ous. [Lauif'erus; from 
 la'na, “wool,” and fe'ro , to “bear.”] 
 Bearing or producing wool. 
 
 Lan-I-flo'rus.* [From la'na, “wool,” 
 and flo8, a “flower.”] Having woolly 
 flowers: laniflo'rous. 
 
 La-nig'er-oiis. [Lau'iger, or 
 Lanig'erus; from la'na , “wool,” and 
 ge'ro, to “carry.”] The same as Lanif- 
 erous. 
 
 La'ni-pes, p'eclis.* [From la'na, 
 “wool,” and pes, a “'foot.”] Having 
 hairy petioles, or feet. 
 
 La-nose'. [From la'na, “wool.”] 
 The same as Lanate, which see. 
 
 Lantanium. See Lanthanum. 
 
 Laniaiium. See Lanthanum. 
 
 Lan'th a- n it m , :: or 
 
 Lan-ta ' is i- u m .* [From XavOdvot, to 
 “be concealed.”] A newly discovered 
 metal, so named from its properties be- 
 ing concealed by those of cerium, with 
 which it is found united. 
 
 La-iiu'gi-nous. [Lamigiuo'sus ; 
 from lanu'go, “down,” or “soft hair.”] 
 Having soft hairs or down. 
 
 La-nu/go,* gen. La-mu 'gi-n is. 
 [From la' na, “wool.”] Soft hairs, wool, 
 or down. 
 
 Lan-u-lo'sus.* [From la'na , 
 
 “wool.”J Having wool; full of wool. 
 
 Lap-a-rom-no-<iid'y-mus.* [From 
 Xcrrdpa, the “flank,” or “loins,” povo ;, 
 “ single,” and ddivpog, “double.”] Ap- 
 plied in the plural (Laparomnodid'ymi) 
 to twins born adhering together by the 
 loins. 
 
 Lap-a-ro-sco'pi-a.* [From Xanupa, 
 the “flank,” or “loins,” and ckottcoj , to 
 290 
 
 “examine.”] The examination of the 
 loins, or side, by means of the stetho- 
 scope, pleximeter, etc. 
 
 Lap-a-ro-toma-a.* [From Xanapa, 
 the “flank,” or “loins,” and rcpi/oj, to 
 “cut.”] Cutting into the abdomen in 
 the region of the loins. 
 
 Lap-a-rot'o-mus.* [From the 
 same.] A name of the instrument for 
 performing laparotomy : a lap'arotome. 
 
 Lap'a-rys'te-ro-to'mi-a. ;i: * [From 
 Xanapa, the “flank,” or “loins,” vyrepa, 
 the “womb,” and rtpvw, to “cut.”] 
 Cutting into the womb through the flank 
 or abdomen. 
 
 Lap'a-tJium.* [From Xa-rdfa, to 
 “empty;” because it is an aperient, or 
 purgative.] The dock. See Rumex. 
 
 Lap-i-ci'dus.* [From la'pis, a 
 “stone,” and esc' do, to “cut,” or “dig.”] 
 Digging into stone; imbedded in rocks, 
 etc. Applied to animals and shells so 
 found, as if they had dug their retreat 
 there. 
 
 La-pM'e-osas. [Lapid'eus; from 
 la'pis, a “ stone.”] Stony; belonging to 
 stone. 
 
 Lap'i-«les,* the plural of Lapis, 
 
 which see. 
 
 Lapides Camcrorum. See Can- 
 crorum Lapilli. 
 
 Lap-i-des'^emt. [Lapides'cems, 
 
 eii'fis; from la'pis, a “stone,” and 
 - esco , a Latin termination signifying 
 to “ grow.”] Resembling a stone in hard- 
 ness. 
 
 La-piid-a-fi-ea'tion. [Lapidifica'- 
 
 tio, o' nit; from la'pis, a “stone,” and 
 fa'cio, to “make.”] Conversion into 
 stone. 
 
 La-pil'li,* the plural of Lapillus, 
 
 which see. 
 
 La-pil-li-foir'iuis.* [From lapil'lus , 
 a “little stone.”] Having the appear- 
 ance of small stones: lapilliform. 
 
 Lap-il-lo'sus.* [From the same.] 
 Having lapilli. 
 
 La-pil'lus,* plural La-pil'Ii. [Di- 
 minutive of la'pis, a “stone.”] A little 
 stone. See Cancrorum Lapilli. 
 
 La'pis, -5 ' gen. Lap'I-dis. [Gr. Aaaj, 
 a “stone.”] A Latin word signifying a 
 “stone.” The alchemists called by this 
 term every fixed thing which does not 
 evap orate, and, hence, even human blood 
 was termed La'pis anima'lis. 
 
 Lapis Calaminaris. See Cala- 
 M1NA. 
 
 La pis Cal-ca'rl-us.* The native 
 carbonate of lime, or limestone. 
 
 La'pis Da-vi'uus.-* A substance 
 
LAP 
 
 LAR 
 
 composed of sulphate of copper, nitrate 
 of potash, alum, and camphor, used as 
 a collyrium, and named “ divine/’ on 
 account of its supposed virtues. 
 
 Lapis InferaualBS. See Potassa 
 Fusa. 
 
 Lapis PtiilosapSioriim. See Phi- 
 losopher’s Stone. 
 
 Lap 'pa.* Burdock. The Pharma- 
 copceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
 the Lappa minor (or Arc'tium lappa). 
 
 Lappaceus,* lap-pa'she-us. [From 
 lap' pa, the “clitbur.”] Curved at the 
 extremity like the bractcse of the bur- 
 dock. 
 
 Laq'ue-us €ru4'tur-is.* Literally, 
 “ noose of the throat.” A name applied 
 to a malignant inflammation of the ton- 
 sils. 
 
 LarcSi-TTree. The Pinus Larix . 
 
 Lasslac£. See Lahdaceous. 
 
 lar-da'ceous. [Laa*<la'«eus ; from 
 lar'dum , “lard.’] (Fr. Lardace, lait'da,'- 
 s&\) Resembling lard, or the fat of 
 bacon. 
 
 Larda'ceous De-gen-e-ra'taon, 
 
 otherwise called Wax'y I>egeijea*a'- 
 tioa. A term applied to certain or- 
 ganic alterations in the tissues, whereby 
 these assume a translucent, wax-like 
 appearance. One form of substance re- 
 sulting from this change (found as a 
 deposit between the proper elements of 
 the tissues) has the remarkable property 
 of becoming blue, like vegetable starch, 
 by the simple action of iodine; whence 
 Virchow applies to these altered struc- 
 tures the term amyloid (i.e. “starch- 
 like”) degeneration. The tissues them- 
 selves participate in this peculiar change, 
 and usually exhibit a blue or violet 
 color, if the application of iodine be fol- 
 lowed by a cautious addition of sulphu- 
 ric acid. 
 
 Laa*'de-iis.*- [From lar'dum , the 
 “fat of bacon,” or “lard.”] Belonging 
 to lard. 
 
 Lar'duiim.* The fat of bacon. See 
 Adeps Suillits. 
 
 La'irix EiSi-ro-pse'a.** A name of 
 the larch-tree, from which V enice turpen- 
 tine is procured. See Pixus Larix. 
 
 Larme, laRin. See Laciiryma. 
 
 Larauoi emem t , 1 an' raw m on® ' . 
 
 [From larme, a “tear.”] A French term 
 tor Epiphora, which see. 
 
 Lar'va,* plural Lar vae. A Latin 
 word, signifying, originally, a “ mask,” 
 or “spectre.” A grub, or larve. Applied 
 in Entomology to the first condition of 
 the metamorphosis of insects hatched 
 
 from the egg. So called because, in this 
 condition, their real character seems to 
 be masked. 
 
 Lar val. [Larva'lis; from lar'va- 
 a “mask,” a “spectre.”] Belonging to 
 a mask, or to larvae. Applied to diseases 
 in which the skin of the face is dis- 
 figured, as if covered by a mask. 
 
 La r- vie' 0-1 us.* [From lar'va , a 
 “mask,” a “spectre,” and co'lo, to “in- 
 habit.”] Applied to certain small insects 
 existing in larvae. 
 
 Lar'vi-form. [Larvifor'mis.] 
 
 Formed like larvae. 
 
 Lar-vip'r.-rous. [Larvip'arus; 
 
 from lar'va’, zrt&pa'rio, to “ bring forth.”] 
 Producing larvae in the place of eggs. 
 
 Laryngl. See Laryngeal. 
 
 Lar-yn-gc'al. [Larynge'us; from 
 \ap’>y%, the “larynx.”] (Fr. Luiyvye, 
 lAraN®'zh&', or Laryngien, ]&'raN®'zhe- 
 un c '.) Belonging to the larynx. 
 
 LaryiBgim. Sec Laryngeal. 
 
 Lar-yu-gisiutis.** [From \apvyyi r w, 
 to “vociferate.”] Spasm of the muscles 
 closing the larynx. 
 
 Lar-yn-gi'tis, idis.% [From A npvy£, 
 the “larynx.”] Inflammation of the 
 larynx. 
 
 La-ryu-go-gra'plii-a.*' [From 
 
 A upvy%, the “larynx,” and ypctyco, to 
 “write.”] A description of the larynx. 
 
 Ixir-yn-golo-gy. [Laiyiigolo- 
 gia; from A dpvyf, the “larynx,” and 
 A lyog, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
 larynx; the science of the larynx. 
 
 I/ir-yii-goplio-iiy, or lar-yn- 
 goph'o-nii&in. [LKiyirgepho itia, or 
 Laa’yug’oir licitis in us; from A 'pvy\, 
 the “larynx,” and (J-xorri, the “ voice.”] 
 The sound of the voice, heard by means 
 of the stethoscope, within the larynx. 
 
 Lar-5 r M-g«£tL-< his l-cus.*' Belong- 
 ing to larynycphthisis. 
 
 Lar-yn-g^iili' thi-sis.*’ [From A ap- 
 vy£, the “larynx,” and (fOictg , a “wast- 
 ing.”] A disease of the larynx, con- 
 nected with pulmonary consumption : 
 laryngeal phthisis. 
 
 La-ryn-gor-rSiee 'a. 5: ‘ [From A 'pvy{, 
 the “larynx,” and pita, to “flow.”] A 
 pituitous or serous flow from the larynx. 
 
 La-ryu-go-spas'mus.*' [From A dp~ 
 vy%, the “larynx,” and cnaoyds, a 
 “spasm.”] The same as Laryngismus, 
 which see. 
 
 La-ryBi-ga-ste-uo'sss.* [From A ap- 
 vyt, the “larynx,” and arhoxng, a “con- 
 traction.”] Contraction of the larynx. 
 
 Lar-yii-got'o-mus.*' [From \apvy%, 
 the “larynx,” and rkpvoy, to “cut.”] An 
 291 
 
LAR 
 
 LAU 
 
 instrument for performing laryngotomy : 
 a laryn'gotome. 
 
 [ILairymg'Oto'- 
 mia; from the same.] The operation of 
 cutting into the larynx. 
 
 Ljir'ynx, 5 ’ gen. Ii3L-ryn'gis. [Gr. 
 Aupuyf.] The upper part of the trachea, 
 or windpipe; in a general sense, the 
 organ of the voice. 
 
 I*a-ss -ant Db nas. * [From Xujio;, 
 
 "hairy,” and uvQog, a “flower/’] Having 
 hairy or rough flowers. 
 
 Iia-si-©-ear' pirns.* [From Xiao;, 
 
 “hairy,” and Kapmg, “fruit.”] Having 
 hairy fruit. 
 
 ILa-si-o-pe-ta'le-ns.* [From \uaog, 
 “hairy,” and ncraXov. a “petal.”] Hav- 
 ing hairy petals. 
 
 Xja-si-op' ter-cis.* [From Xiao;, 
 
 “rough,” or “hairy,” and sr epdy, a 
 
 “wing.”] Having hairy wings, as the 
 Vespertil'io lasiop' terns, a species of 
 hat. 
 
 ILa-si'o-paas.* [From Xiao;, “hairy,” 
 and ttov;, sl “foot.”] Having the stipes 
 hairy. 
 
 ILa-si-o-sper'miiiis.** [From Xuao;, 
 “hairy,” and <nr cpfxa, a “ seed.”] Having 
 hairy fruit or seed. 
 
 Xia-si-os'ta-eEnys.- [From Xloio;, 
 “hairy,” and cr&xvs, an “car of corn.”] 
 Having flowers in rough, hairy ears. 
 
 JLa'si-jpes, iVedls* The same as 
 Lasiopus. 
 
 ILa-sa-ai ' rms. ;;j [From Xiao;, “hairy,” 
 and ovpi, a “tail.”] Having hairy pe- 
 duncles, or tails. 
 
 JLas'si-taaile. [ILassitfrii'cl®, d/«w; 
 from las' s us, “weary,” “tired.”] Lite- 
 rally, “ weariness,” or “ fatigue;” hut usu- 
 ally denoting a sensation of exhaustion 
 and weakness, independent of fatigue. 
 
 ILiit. «li>l. = Lat'eri dolen'ti .* “ To the 
 side affected.” 
 
 La'tent. [ILa' terns; from la'teo, to 
 “lie hid.”] Lurking; concealed; lying 
 hid. 
 
 ILa'tent Pe'ri-od. That space of 
 time during which certain diseases lurk 
 in the system, before their presence is 
 manifested by symptoms. 
 
 ILat'er-al. [ILatera'Iiis; from la'tus, 
 lat'eris, the “side.”] Belonging to the 
 side; on the side, as distinguished from 
 medial or central. 
 
 Lat'eral <fi>p-e-ra'tioai. [OgM^ra'- 
 
 tio I*»tera'Iis.] One of the operations 
 of lithotomy; being performed on the 
 left side of the perinseum. 
 
 Lat/eral Si'nns-es. Two veins of 
 the dura mater ; the right and left late- 
 292 
 
 ral sinuses, running along the crucial 
 spine of the occipital bone. 
 
 ILat-e-ri-filo'riis/i 5, [From la'tus, the 
 “side,” and fios , a “flower.”] Having 
 lateral flowers. 
 
 [ILaterfife'lius ; 
 
 from la'tus, the “side,” and fo'lium, a 
 “leaf.”] Growing at the side of a leaf. 
 
 Iiat-e-ri§*'ra-cfiitts.^ [From la'tus, 
 the “side,” and gra'dior, to “go,” to 
 “step.”] Going or moving sideways. 
 
 ILat-e-rl-ner' vws.* [From la’tus, 
 the “side,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] 
 Applied to leaves in which the nervures 
 diverge from the middle. 
 
 ILat~e-a*a't£®Eiis. [ILatteri'tiiuis; from 
 la' ter, a “brick.”] Applied to a sedi- 
 ment like brick -dust in the urine. 
 
 ILa'tex,--- gen. ILat'i-eiis. A Latin 
 term for “liquor” or “juice” in general. 
 Applied to the proper juice, or vital fluid, 
 of plants. 
 
 jLatf-2-cif er-©ois. [lbatffc IF eirras ; 
 
 from la'tex, lat'icis , a “liquor,” or 
 “juice,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Pro- 
 ducing or containing elaborated sap, or 
 special juices cf plants, as the laticifer - 
 ous tissue. 
 
 ILatf-i-iSo'riis.* [From la'tus, 
 
 “broad,” and jlos, a “flower.”] Having 
 broad flowers : latiflo'rous. 
 
 [ILatifo'IIms; from 
 la'tus, “broad,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
 Having broad leaves. 
 
 lia-tSa'sX-mus.^ [The superlative de- 
 gree of la'tus, “ broad.”] The “broadest:” 
 applied to the Platysma my odes, which is 
 called the Latissimns colli (The “Broad- 
 est [Muscle] of the Neck”), and to the 
 Aniscalpior of Cowper, more frequently 
 called the Latissimus dorsi (The “Broad- 
 est [Muscle] of the Back”). 
 
 Lat itude. [Latitu'do: from la'tus, 
 “broad.”] Literally, “breadth.” The 
 distance of a heavenly body from the 
 ecliptic, or of a place from the equator. 
 ILatftSced. See Cancellatus. 
 
 Jhanadatole Pus. Sec Healthy Pus. 
 
 JLaai'dsi-fiiEEEBi.* [From la a’ do, to 
 “praise.”] The Tinctu'ra o'pii. 
 
 Laiirjieea*,^ lau-ra'slic-e. A natu- 
 ral order of exogenous trees, found in 
 the cooler parts of the tropics, and some 
 temperate countries. It comprises the 
 Cinnamon, Lan'rus (including the Bay- 
 tree, or true laurel), and Sassafras. The 
 species are generally tonic, stimulant, 
 and aromatic. Camphor is an abundant 
 product of this order. 
 
 I«m-ra'eeons. [I^aura'ccus.] Re* 
 sembling the Laurus . 
 
LAU 
 
 LEG 
 
 Lau'rel. The genus Laurus, 
 
 Lau rel, Al-ex-au'dri-an. The 
 
 Pr unus laurocerasus. 
 
 Faurier. Sec Laurus. 
 
 FiMi'r©-€£r'a-SMS.* The Pharma- 
 copceial name (Br. Ph.) for the Prunus 
 laurocerasus. 
 
 Fau'rus.* (Fr. Laurier, lo're-&/.) 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Ennectn- 
 dria, natural order Lauracese. The 
 Pharmacopceial name (Lend. Ph., 1851) 
 for the fruit of Laurus nob Hi 8. 
 
 Lau'rus Cam'pSiio-ra.* The Lin- 
 naean name of the camphor-tree. See 
 Campiiora Officinarum. 
 
 Fau'rias Cas'sla* (kasli'e-a). The 
 systematic name of the Cassia lignea (or 
 wild cinnamon) tree, the bark of which, 
 according to some authorities, is called 
 Cassia lignea , and the leaves Folia mala- 
 batliri , 
 
 Fani'nis Fiim-iraa-mo'muiim.* The 
 name (Dub. Ph.) of the cinnamon-tree. 
 
 Fani'nias Cai-li-Ila/ w am.* The sys- 
 tematic name of a species, the bark of 
 which is called Cortex culilawan, and 
 closely resembles cinnamon. 
 
 Fau'rusiftrofo'i-liis.* The bay -laurel, 
 or sweet-bay. 
 
 Fani'nis Sas'sa-ffras.* The sassa- 
 fras-tree. 
 
 Fa'va. [From the German Lau’fen, 
 to “run,” to l< flow”?] A generic term 
 for all mineral substances melted by 
 volcanic fire, and cast forth in the form 
 of burning streams. 
 
 Fav-a-meu'tum.* [From la'vo, to 
 “wash/ 7 ] A clyster, or injection. 
 Favaiul?. See Lavandula. 
 
 Fa-vau'du-la.* [From la'vo , to 
 “wash;” because it was much used in 
 lotions.] (Fr. Lavande, la'voNd'.) Laven- 
 der. A Linnsean genus of the class Didj- 
 namia , natural order Lab iatsc. The Phar- 
 macopceial name (U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for 
 the flowers of Lavandula upica , or Lavan- 
 dula vera ; the Lavandulae Epicae Flores 
 (“Flowers of Lavandula Spiea”) of the 
 Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Favan'dula Spi'ca.* The common 
 lavender-plant. 
 
 Favamdula Ve'ra.* The same as 
 Lavandula Spica. 
 
 Favemder. See Lavandula. 
 
 ILavenMtiralla. See Lavandula. 
 
 Fav-i-pe'alS-uiiEii.* A bath for the 
 feet. 
 
 Faw-s©'Eni-a lu-er'mis.* The sys- 
 tematic name of the plant from which 
 the henne of Egypt is obtained. 
 
 Fax-a/tiosi. [Faxa'ti©, o'nis; from 
 
 lax'o, laxa'tum, to “ loosen.”] A loosen- 
 ing, or purgation. 
 
 Fax'a-tlve. [Faxati'vus ; from 
 the same.] Slightly purgative. 
 
 Fax -a' tor, ©'r is* [From the same.] 
 A relaxer. Applied to muscles. 
 
 ILaxa'tor Tym'pa-ni.* A muscle 
 of the tympanum attached to the handle 
 of the malleus. 
 
 Fax-I-eos-ta'tus.* [From lax'us , 
 “loose,” “free,” and cos'ta, a “rib.”] 
 Furnished with solitary or distinct ribs. 
 
 Lax-i-fiorus/ [From lax'us , 
 “ loose,” or “ free,” and Jlos, a “ flower.”] 
 Having distinct flowers : laxiflo'rous. 
 
 Fax-i-lo'Ii-us.* [From lax'us, 
 “ loose,” or “ free,” and f o' limn, a “ leaf.”] 
 Having distinct leaves : laxifo'lious. 
 
 Lax'us/ Literally, “ loose;” hence, 
 spread out; diffused. Applied to a con- 
 dition of animal fibre. 
 
 Ii&z-a>ret'to. (Italian.) A hospi- 
 tal for persons afflicted with contagious 
 diseases. A building set apart for the 
 performance of quarantine. 
 
 lib. or Fib. = Li'bra .* A “pound.” 
 
 Fead. [Lat. Plumbum; Gr. fi6\uP- 
 <5o;; Fr. Plomb, pl6N°.] A soft, flexible, 
 inelastic metal, of a bluish-gray color. 
 It is ductile and malleable, but possesses 
 very little tenacity. It has a bright me- 
 tallic lustre when freshly cut, but quickly 
 tarnishes on exposure to air. Its specific 
 gravity is 11.38. It fuses at about 600°. 
 The most important ore of lead is the 
 sulphuret, the galena of the mineralo- 
 gists. For the compounds of lead, see 
 Plumbum, Plumbi. etc. 
 
 Featl, Sugar of. See Plumbi Acetas. 
 
 Feaf. [Fo lium, Frons.] An or- 
 gan performing in plants the functions 
 of respiration and assimilation. It con- 
 sists of the lamina and petiole, and is 
 the type of the other organs. See Type. 
 Feaf-StaflSs. See Petiole. 
 
 Featfiet. See Foliole. 
 
 Feaiy. See Foliaceous. 
 
 JLc*ai3flaes§. See Emaciation, 
 
 FeatSuer-FOie, or Feathery. See 
 CORIACEUS. 
 
 Fec'tus.* A bed or couch. 
 
 Feeytlisdaceae,* le-slth-e-da'she-e. 
 [From Ler'ythis, one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous trees, found 
 in South America. The well-known 
 Brazil-nut is a product of this order. 
 
 Fedoyeira’s (leh-dwiTyoNz') IMs-itt- 
 ffec'taiag Flu'id. A solution of nitrate 
 of lead in water. 
 
 Feech. See Htrudo Medicinalis. 
 
 Legume. [Legu'men, Fegu'- 
 
 293 
 
LEG 
 
 LEX 
 
 minis; from le'go, to “gather up.”] 
 (Ft. Legume, l&'giim'.) A pericarp of 
 two oblong valves in which the seeds are 
 ranged along one suture only. 
 
 l«e-g-u-inl-iia'ris.* [From legu'men, 
 a “legume.”] Applied to the dehiscence 
 of pericarps by a marginal suture : 
 legu'minar. 
 
 JLe-g’u'ml-ni-for'mts.* [From le- 
 gu'men, a “ legume.”] Having the form 
 of a legume : leguminiforin. 
 
 Le-gfii-mi-no'sse,* or Fabaceae,* 
 fa-ba'she-e. A large and important nat- 
 ural order of exogenous plants, found in 
 all parts of the world. It includes a 
 variety of useful and beautiful species, 
 some of which, as clover and lucern, 
 are cultivated for cattle; others, as peas 
 and beans, form part of the food of man. 
 Indigo, liquorice, gum-Arabic, and senna 
 are products of this order. The proper- 
 ties of many species are tonic, purgative, 
 or narcotic. 
 
 JLe-gii'iiii-noiis. [Legaimino'sus ; 
 
 from legu'men , a “legume.”] Having 
 legumes. 
 
 Femi'ina. :; - [Gr. \zXppa ; from \sinu>, to 
 “leave.”] The residue, or what is left 
 of a thing. 
 
 Lei-o-car'pus. $ [From \eXog , 
 
 “smooth,” and tap-nog, “fruit.”] Hav- 
 ing smooth fruit, as the Heylandia leio- 
 carpa, and Panicum leiocarpnm. 
 
 Eei-o-^eph'a-lBis.* [From A eXog, 
 “ smooth,” and tepoXfi, the “head.”] 
 Having a smooth head, or hat. Applied 
 to a species of mushroom. 
 
 Fei-o-pby rius.* [From A eXog, 
 
 “smooth,” and <pv\\or, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing smooth leaves : smooth leaved. 
 
 Fei-o-pi'lus.* [From A uog, “smooth,” 
 and nX\og, a “ hat.”] Having a smooth 
 or glabrous hat. Used in the same man- 
 ner as Leiocephalus. 
 
 EeLo-piis, p 'odis.* [From A clog, 
 “ smooth,” and novg, a “foot.”] Having 
 a smooth stipes, as the Helotinm leiopus. 
 
 Fei-o-sper'imis. ;;: ’ [From A zXog, 
 
 “ smooth,” and cmzppa, a “seed.”] Hav- 
 
 ing smooth seed, as the Galium leio- 
 apermum. 
 
 IjeI-o-sta'«by-iis.* [From A dog, 
 
 “ smooth,” and cra\v;, an “car of corn.”] 
 Having smooth ears; the glumes which 
 compose them being smooth and glabrous, 
 as the Trista' chya leiosta' chya. 
 
 Eei-po-thyDBi'i-a.* [From \tiiroi, to 
 “relinquish,” to “fail,” and Qnpog, tho 
 “ mind.”] The sensation of sinking, or 
 fainting; Dcliquium animi : syncope. 
 
 Lieni'nia,* gen. Lem'ina-tis. [Gr. 
 
 294 
 
 A cpi*a- from Amo, to “decorticate.”] The 
 cortex , or bark; the coat, or covering 
 of plants. 
 
 Eem'ma.* [Gr. \rjppa; from \ay6avu, 
 to “ receive,” or “ take.”] Something 
 assumed or taken for granted as the basis 
 of an argument; also, the demonstration 
 of some premise, in order to render what 
 follows more easy. 
 
 Leumaceje, :: lem-na'she-e, or Pis- 
 tuaceae,* pis-te-a'she-e. A natural 
 order of endogenous plants, often found 
 in ditches. It includes the Lemna (Duck- 
 weed). 
 
 ILeDii'oii. [Li'mon, ©'n<#.] The 
 fruit of the Citrus medica. 
 
 FenBi-on-aile'. A beverage com- 
 posed of lemon-juice diluted with water 
 and sweetened. 
 
 JLpbii'obi Scwr'vy-Grass. The 
 
 Cochlea' ria ofiicina'lis, regarded as a 
 powerful antiscorbutic. 
 
 JLem'ous, A^'ict of. Citric acid. 
 
 FeBii'oBus, Salt of. Oxalic acid, 
 with a small portion of potash. 
 
 JLenuieiitia,* le-ne-en'she-a. [From 
 le'nio, to “ allay.”] Medicines which al- 
 lay irritation. 
 
 ILen'I-tlve. [I/eniti'vus ; from the 
 same.] Assuaging , gently palliating. 
 
 Feai'itive E-lec'tu-a-ry. The Con- 
 fectio sennte com posit a. 
 
 Lens,- ;; - gen. Eesi'tis. [A “lentil;” be- 
 cause it is usually convex like a lentil.] A 
 piece of glass, or transparent substance, 
 formed so as, by its refraction, to converge 
 or scatter the rays of light. See Eve. 
 
 Eeiitibulariaeeav* len -tib-u-la-re- 
 a'she-e. [From Lentibula'ria, one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 herbaceous plants, found in marshes and 
 streams in all parts of tho world. 
 
 EeaB-tB-cel'la,* plural EeBB-ti-cel'lae. 
 [From lens, a “lentil.”] Applied to 
 ruddy oval points upon the bark of tho 
 branches of trees. Also, the same as 
 Lenticula, which see. 
 
 Een-ti-cel-la'tus.** Having leriti- 
 cellse. 
 
 Een-tic'ti-Ia.^ [Diminutive of lens, 
 a “lentil.”] A smaller kind of lentil. 
 Also, an instrument for removing irregu- 
 larities of bone from tho edge of tho per- 
 foration mado in tho cranium with the 
 trephine. 
 
 Len-ticu-lar. [EeBBticiBia'ris ; 
 
 from lens, a “lentil.”] Lens-shaped; 
 double-convex. 
 
 IiOBBtic'QfllaB* <jlaBi'QiB-OBi. A small 
 reddish body near tho back part of the 
 orbit of the eye, between the optic nerve 
 
LEN 
 
 LEP 
 
 and the external rectus muscle; also 
 termed Ophthalmic, ganglion. 
 
 I,eoB tic'nlar Pa-pi l'lse. The papil- 
 la) situated at the posterior part of the 
 tongue 
 
 [From lens, a "len- 
 til,” and fe'ro, to "bear.”] Applied to 
 flowers having receptacles in the form 
 of lentils. 
 
 L.CEi'fil-foo'm. [ILemtifor'mis ; from 
 lens , a " lentil.”] Formed like a lens. 
 
 [From lens, a "len- 
 til,” and ge'ro, to "carry.”] The same 
 as Lkntiferus : lentigerous. 
 
 Len-tig'bnose. Freckled or dusty- 
 dotted, as the parts of some plants. 
 
 LiCia-ti'go, g'inis* [From lens, a 
 " lentil.”] A cutaneous affection chiefly 
 of the face, in which there arc spots of 
 the color and size of the lentil seed. 
 
 Len til!. The genus Er vum : the seed 
 of Ervum. 
 
 Len'tor, o'ris.® [From len'tns , 
 "slow,” "tough,” "viscid.”] Viscidity, 
 or gluey consistence, of any fluid. 
 
 i'a-sis.* [From A:wi/, a " lion” ?] 
 A name applied to the disease known as 
 the Elephantiasis Gracorum , and other 
 forms of leprosy. 
 
 Iie-on' to-don, [From \scjv, 
 
 the "lion,” and diovg, a "tooth;” named 
 from the tooth-like sections of the leaves.] 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Si/nye- 
 nesia , natural order Composite. 
 
 Leon'todon Ta-rax'a-cum.* The 
 plant Dandelion ; also called Dens Leonis. 
 
 Le-o-nu'rus.** [From a "lion,” 
 and ovpii, a "tail.”] Like the tail of a 
 lion : leonu'rous. 
 
 Leopards Bane. The common 
 name for the plant Arnica montana. 
 
 Lep 'al. A sterile transformed stamen. 
 
 I^ep-i-daii'tSae-us.* [From \enig, 
 hxifog, a "scale,” or "husk,” and ai^Oo;, a 
 "flower.”] Having flowers like scales; 
 squamiflorous. 
 
 Lep-i-tlo-cSen'drosi.* [From Anri;, a 
 "scale,” and div&poj, a "tree.”] A genus 
 of fossil trees found in coal-beds. They 
 are sometimes several feet in diameter, 
 and are covered with regular rhomboidal 
 projections, like scales, arranged in spiral 
 rows, extending around the tree from 
 base to summit. 
 
 ILep-i-do'des.* [From \smg, a " scale.”] 
 Resembling scales ; scaly. 
 
 I^ep i-doid. [ILepMoa'des ; from 
 Xzmg, a "scale,” and eUo;, a "*form.”] 
 Resembling a scale. 
 
 Lep-I-do-pliyl'loiis. [ILepido- 
 phyl'lus; from A smg, a "scale,” and 
 
 (pvWoy, a "leaf.”] Having leaves in the 
 form of scales. 
 
 Lep-i-do-plas'lns.* [From \eirig, a 
 " scale,” and irKaaao), to "form.”] Form- 
 ing scales. 
 
 I^cpidoptera. See Lepidopterus. 
 
 Lcp-i-dop'ter*us.'* [From \cirig, a 
 " scale,” and nrepor, a " wing.”] Lepidop'-- 
 terous; having wings sprinkled, or par- 
 tially covered, with scales. Applied in 
 the plural neuter ( Lepidop' tera ) to an 
 order of insects having four wings so 
 covered. It includes the butterfly, and 
 what are popularly called " millers.” 
 
 Ijep-i-do'sis.-* [F roin \emg, a " scale.”] 
 A name for Ichthyosis, which see. 
 
 Lep'i-dotc. [Lepido'tus; from 
 AfTrtf , a "scale.”] Furnished with scales; 
 scaly, or scurfy. 
 
 Lcp-o-ri'ificoHi Lii'bl-iini, ;: Ix‘p- 
 oriinaoai Kas'truin. i: The defect 
 called hare-lip. 
 
 L,ep'ra.* [Gr. A brpa, "leprosy.”] 
 (Fr. Lepre , lepn or ldpn.) Leprosy. A 
 disease of the skin distinguished by cir- 
 cular scaly patches. A genus of the order 
 Impetigenes, class Cachexies, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Lep'ra Ar'a-bura. 5 An epithet of 
 Elephantiasis Gr&corum , or tubercular 
 Elephantiasis . 
 
 I..fcprc. See Lepra. 
 
 Llpreux. Sec Leprous. 
 
 Lep-ri'a-sis.* [From \tnpog, "rough.”] 
 The specific name for leprosy, or Lepi- 
 dosis lepriasis. 
 
 Lep'ri-cus. ; Belonging to lepra: 
 lep'ric. 
 
 ILcp-ropfa-thal'mi-a.* [From A hrpa, 
 the "leprosy,” and oipOaXpdg, the "eye.”] 
 Leprous ophthalmia. 
 
 LeiwopEB-tliarmus.* [From the 
 same.] The eye affected by leproph- 
 thalmy ; also, the patient laboring under 
 that affection. 
 
 Lep-ro-sa'ri-iim.^ A hospital for 
 the treatment of leprosy ; a leper-house, 
 or Domus leprosarius. 
 
 Liop-ro-sa'ri-tis.* [From AtTpa, "lep- 
 rosy.”] Belonging to lepra. 
 
 Iiep-ro'sis.* [From Xcnpa, "leprosy.”] 
 The progress of leprosy. 
 
 leprosy. See Lepra. 
 
 Lep'roiis. [Lepro'sus: from lep' - 
 r«.] (Fr. Lepreux , la'piiuh'.) Belong- 
 ing to lepra ; scaly. 
 
 I^ep-ta-caiB'tEBMS.‘ :|J [From \evTog, 
 " slender,” and anavda, a " spine.”] Hav- 
 ing slender spines. 
 
 Jhep-taii'dra.* A name applied to 
 the root of the Veronica Virginica. It 
 295 
 
LEP 
 
 LEU 
 
 has been placed on the primary list of 
 the Materia Medica in the U.S. Pharma- 
 copoeia for 1860. The active principle 
 of the plant, called Leptun'drin, is re- 
 garded as an excellent cholagogue cathar- 
 tic, and is extensively used as a substi- 
 tute for mercury. 
 
 Lej»-tan'drin. [Leptamlri'isa.] 
 
 See preceding article. 
 
 Lep-to-cau ' lis.* [From Xs:rr<%, 
 
 “ slender/’ and KavXog , a “ stem.”] Hav- 
 ing a slender stem. 
 
 Lep*to*^eph'a>lns.^ [From Xem-og, 
 “ slender,” and Kcpahj, a “head.”] Hav- 
 ing a small head. Applied to plants or 
 flowers. 
 
 Iiep-tocli'ro-a,* or I/ep-tocIi'ros.*' 
 
 [From \errro;, “fine,” or ‘‘slender,” and 
 Xf>6a, the “skin.”] A fine, thin, soft, or 
 delicate membrane. 
 
 £iep'to-ilon, on'fts.* [From Vrrdj, 
 “ fine,” or “ slender,” and dfovg, a “tooth.”] 
 Having very small teeth. 
 
 I*ep-to-pet'a^lus.*~ [From Xsnrog, 
 
 “ slender,” and irzra\oj, a “ petal.”] Hav- 
 ing strait or narrow petals. 
 
 Lep-to-ph^l'lus.^ [From Xrrrrd;, 
 
 “ slender,” and (bvXXov, a “ leaf.”] Having 
 slender leaves. 
 
 Lep-top'o-dus.^ [From Xsizrog, 
 
 “ slender,” and novg, a “ foot.”] Having 
 a slender stipes, or foot. 
 
 I^ep-to-rliizus.* [From Xcnrog, 
 “slender,” and pi’^a, a “root.”] Having 
 slender roots. 
 
 Lep-ti>-sep'a-Iais.* [From Xcnrog, 
 
 “slender,” and sep'aluin, a “sepal.”] 
 Having narrow, linear sepals. 
 
 Lep-to-sper' me- us.- Applied in 
 the plural feminine ( Leptosper'mese ) t ) a 
 tribe of Myrtacese, having the Leptosper- 
 mum for their type : leptosper'meous. 
 
 Lep-to-sper'miis/ 3 * [From Xzjrog, 
 
 “slender,” and an':pua , a “seed.”] Hav- 
 ing very small seeds: leptosper'mous. 
 
 Lep-t»-sta'€liy-us. ? [From Xenroq, 
 “ slender,” and ordx%, an “ear of corn.”] 
 H aving slender ears. 
 
 Ijep-to-sty'Iiis.** [From Xf7r rog, “ slen- 
 der,” and otuXoj, a “ style.”] Having a 
 filiform style. 
 
 liep-to-tricli'I-a.* [From Xarrdg, 
 
 “slender,” or “fine,” and 0pi£, “hair.”] 
 Fineness, or thinness, of the hair. 
 
 Le'sion. [I^Te'sio. o'h»* ; from he' do, 
 he' sum, to “hurt.”] Literally, an “in- 
 jury.” A vitiated or depressed condition 
 of any organ or part. Applied in Surgery 
 to a hurt, wound, or injury of a part. 
 
 Legion of Nu-trl'tion. A term for 
 those pathological alterations which 
 
 296 
 
 originate in the capillary system, con- 
 sisting in any excess or deficiency of the 
 particles of blood in the process of as- 
 similation and absorption, etc. 
 
 lethal. [lietBia'lfls ; from le’tJium , 
 “ death.”] Belonging to death ; mortal ; 
 fatal. 
 
 Le-thal'i-t^. [Lethal'itas, a 'tis; 
 from letha'lis, “deadly.”] The quality 
 of being deadly, or fatal; mortality. 
 
 ILe-tliar'gic. [Lethar'gicns.] Be- 
 longing to a state of lethargy. 
 
 IhettB'ar-gy. [Ix'thar'gus ; from 
 Xijdn, “forgetfulness.”] A state of marked 
 drowsiness, or sleep, which cannot be 
 driven olf. 
 
 ILettuce. See Lactuca. 
 
 I^ettuce Opium. See Lactucarium. 
 
 lettuce. Opium- or Strong-scent- 
 ed. See Lactuca Virosa. 
 
 ^Leucaemia. See Leuch^emia. 
 
 r.eu-<Qse-tIiI-o'pi-a.' ;:: * [From Xeu/cog, 
 “white,” and a-9ioi^, an “Ethiopian,” or 
 “ negro.”] The same as Albinism, which 
 see. 
 
 Iieu-^se'ttai-ops, op/'s.* [From the 
 same.] See Albino. 
 
 Leu-canthous. [Leucanthns; 
 
 from Xs/ko;, “white,” and avQo;, a “flow- 
 er.”] White-flowered. 
 
 or Leu-kae'cni-a.* 
 [From Xsvicog, “white,” and alpa, the 
 “blood.”] Literally, “white blood.” Ap- 
 plied by Virchow to a morbid condition 
 of the blood, in which there is a continual 
 increase in the colorless corpuscles, so 
 that in some cases the number of the 
 colorless globules is almost equal to that 
 of the red ones. See Leucocvtosis. 
 
 Leu'fin. [Leuci'na; from Xemog, 
 “white.”] A white, pulverulent sub- 
 stance obtained from beef-fibre, etc. 
 
 Leu-gl'lis, id is S’ [From Xsvicog, 
 “white.”] The same as Sclerotitis, 
 which see. 
 
 L«eu-c»-car'pus.* [From Xsvicog, 
 “white,” and KafmSg, “fruit.”] Having 
 white fruit: leucocar'pous. 
 
 Lreu-co-^epli a-1 us.* [From Xzvicog, 
 “ white,” and Ki(paXrj , the ‘“ head.”] Hav- 
 ing white flowers joined together in 
 capitules. 
 
 I^u-c©-£^-thae'mI-a.* [From XevtcAg, 
 “white,” tcvro g, a “ cell,” and alpa, u blood.”] 
 Sometimes .applied, like leuchsp.mia , to a 
 state of the blood in which there is a 
 superabundance of colorless corpuscles; 
 more properly, fatty blood in which 
 there is a milky, opalescent appearance; 
 white-cell blood. 
 
 r.eu-co-£y-to'sis. :i * 
 
 [From Xfwcdjj 
 
LEU 
 
 LEV 
 
 “ white,” and Kvrog, a “cell.”] A term 
 applied by Virchow to a morbid con- 
 dition, in which there is an increase in 
 the colorless corpuscles of the blood, de- 
 pendent (as he supposes) on an affection 
 of the lymphatic glands. He considers 
 leukaemia to be a “sort of permanent 
 progressive leucocytosis ; ' and the latter, 
 a “transitory process connected with 
 fluctuating conditions in certain organs/’ 
 
 Iiefi-co-(len'<lron, i: I^ii-co-den 
 
 drum.* [From \e *6$, “white,” and 
 iei'Apou, a “tree.”] The specific name of 
 the Melaleuca leucodendron. 
 
 I^eii'col. [From \evx6g, “white,” and 
 o'leum, “ oil.”] A basic substance found 
 in the naphtha of coal gas. 
 
 lieii-co-Ho ' anus.* [From \svk6s, 
 “white,” and Xcoga, a “frame.”] Bor- 
 dered with white. 
 
 Lefi'Co'ma, n'tis.% [From XsvKrfg, 
 “white.”] A milky opacity of the cor- 
 nea, the effect of an ulcer or wound, with 
 loss of substance ; the pin and web. See 
 Albugo. 
 
 I.efi-com-a-to'des.* Having leu- 
 coma : leucom'atous. 
 
 ILeu-co-ma-to-i'deS.'* [From leu- 
 co'ma, and *7<3 o$, a “form.”] Resembling 
 leucoma : leucom'atoid. 
 
 liefi-com'ma, a tU.* [From \svKog, 
 “white,” and oupa, “appearance.”] A 
 white opacity of the cornea. 
 
 liC'fi-eo-uo'tiis.'* [From Xs’wd?, 
 “white,” and vc oto$, the ‘‘back.”] White 
 on the under-surface. Applied to leaves. 
 
 ]Leu-co-g>a-llfoa 'a.* [From X s:nc6g, 
 “white,” and v:i9og, “disease.”] A dis- 
 ease affecting negroes, by which they 
 become white, and termed Albinos. 
 
 Iieu-co- 3 >atIa'i-cus.* Belonging to 
 leucopathia. 
 
 l«eu-eo-pSiles , 'ma-sy. [ ILeueo- 
 
 plalegana'sia ; from Xs wg. “white,” 
 and (fiXkypa, “phlegm.”] A dropsical 
 tendency, denoted by a pale, tumid, and 
 flabby condition of body. 
 
 I^eu-eo-plileg‘-mat'B<*. [Leuco- 
 
 ptilegmat'icus.] Belonging to leuco- 
 phlegmasy. 
 
 lieu-eo-plaleg’-ma-to'rtes.* [From 
 leucophlegma'sia.] Having leucophleg- 
 masy. 
 
 I^eii-e©-plileg-ma-t©-i'des.* [From 
 leucophlegma'sia, and epio;, a “form.”] 
 Resembling leucophlegmasy. 
 
 I,eu-e©-i>hyl-la'tus,* I>u-c©- 
 
 pliyl'lns. 5 * [From Xs»wo?, “white,” 
 and 0i>XXoi/, a “leaf.”] Having white 
 \eaves. 
 
 Leii-c©p'a-per 9 er is.* [From \cuk6s, 
 26 
 
 “white,” and nenepi, “pepper.”] The 
 Piper album , or white pepper. Se« 
 Piper. 
 
 [From Xewoj, “ white,” and nuvg, a “ foot.”] 
 Having a white stipes, or white petioles. 
 
 I^fi-c*©I»'ter-u«.* [From \evk6$, 
 “ white,” and irrepov, a “wing.”] Having 
 white wings : leuccp'terous. 
 
 p 'odis.% The same as 
 Leucopodius, which see. 
 
 I^eu-eor-rltoe'a.'* [From \evic6g, 
 “white,” and pirn, to “flow.”] (Fr. Leu- 
 corrhee , luh'ko'r&'.) A whitish mucous 
 secretion of the vagina, arising from de- 
 bility, or from inflammatory action; the 
 whites; also termed Catarrlius vaginae, 
 and Fluor a/bus. 
 
 Lcu>cor*i’hoi*(ns. $ Belonging to 
 
 leucorrheea ; leucorrho'ic. 
 
 Leu-co'sis.* The formation or pro- 
 gress of leucoma. 
 
 Lrii-co-sper'mns/ [From \evKcg, 
 “ white,” and avqpa, a “seed.”] Having 
 white fruit or seed : leucosper'mous. 
 
 Leu-cos'to-mus.* [From \erKog, 
 “white,” and crcpa, a “mouth.”] Hav- 
 ing a white peristome, or w r hite mouth. 
 
 JLeii-cot'I-cus.* Belonging to leu- 
 coma. 
 
 Leuksemia. See Leuch^emia. 
 
 Levain, leh-vaN G '. The French term 
 for Ferment, which see. 
 
 ILe-va'tor, o'r>V* [From le'vo, le- 
 va' turn, to “raise,” to “lift up.”] An 
 elevator, or lifter up. Applied to muscles. 
 
 L.e'ver. [From le'vo, to “lift up.”] 
 A mechanical power, consisting of a rod 
 or bar resting upon a certain determinate 
 point, termed its fulcrum, which, if the 
 object be to gain power, should always 
 be nearer to the resistance to be over- 
 come than to the force applied ; but when 
 the object is to gain time, the fulcrum 
 should be nearer to the force than to the 
 resistance. See Vectis. 
 
 Lev-bcos'tate. [ILaevieosta'tus ; 
 from Ise'risf smooth, ’’and cos'ta, a “ rib.”] 
 Having smooth ribs. 
 
 Levi-fo'li-«us. [IiSevifoTius ; 
 
 from lee' vis, “smooth,” and f o' Hum, a 
 “leaf.”] Having smooth leaves. 
 
 l^ev'i-g’ate. [ILseviga'tus; from 
 leev'igo , laeriga'tum, to “smooth.”] 
 Smoothly polished. 
 
 Levd-ga'tion. [Lieviga'tio, © 'nis ; 
 from the same.] The process of rubbing 
 down any hard substance to an impal- 
 pable powder, so that no roughness or 
 grittiness is perceptible. 
 
 Iiev'i=pede. [ILae'vipes, p'edis; 
 
 297 
 
LEV 
 
 LIG 
 
 from Ise' cis, "smooth,” and pes, a "foot.”] 
 Having smooth feet. 
 
 Bfcvre, levR or 1&vr. The French 
 term for "lip.” See Labium, and 
 Lip. 
 
 Bexipbarmic. See Alexipharmic. 
 
 Bey. See Lye. 
 
 Beyden (li'den) Bat'te-ry. A num- 
 ber of Leyden jars, connected externally 
 by being placed on tinfoil, or other good 
 conductor, and internally by a metallic 
 rod or wire communicating with the in- 
 ternal coating of each jar. 
 
 Bey 'den Jar. A glass jar or bottle, 
 coated to within a short distance from 
 the top with tinfoil, within and without, 
 and having a rod with a ball at the top 
 passing through the cork to the interior 
 coating. It is used for accumulating 
 electricity in larger quantity than in the 
 prime conductor. 
 
 Bi-as'ic, or Bl-as'sic. [Bias'sicus.] 
 Applied to a group of strata, of which 
 the rock which forms the type has been 
 named Lias by English geologists. 
 
 Li bert The interior fibrous bark 
 of exogenous plants. It serves to con- 
 vey downwards the secretions elaborated 
 in the bark and leaves. 
 
 BI-bi'<lo, Minis* [From li.'beo , to 
 "please,” or "like.”] Venereal desire. 
 
 Bi'bra.* [From \irpa, a " silver 
 coin,” or a "pound.”] A pound-weight. 
 
 Bich'en. [Lat. Bi'-eben, e’nis; Gr. 
 \a\fis.] A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Cn/ptoijamia . Also, a disease consisting 
 in extensive eruption of papulae, usually 
 terminating in scurf. 
 
 Bi'cben Ce-tra'ri-a. * Iceland 
 
 moss, or liverwort, now called Cetraria 
 Jslandica. 
 
 Bi'cben Is-lan'di-ca.* The same as 
 Lichen Cetraria. 
 
 Bi cben The herb from 
 
 which Litmus, or Lacmus , is obtained; 
 the Roccclla tinctoria. 
 
 Li chen Sax-at'I-lis.* The Mus'cxis 
 cra'nii hxuna’ni, a plant sometimes grow- 
 ing on the human skull. 
 
 Bieli'e-imte. [Bicbe'nas, a'l!/#.] 
 A combination of lichenic acid with a 
 salifiable base. 
 
 Bi-cbe'neS,* the plural of Lichen, 
 which see. 
 
 BI*cben'ic. [Bicbeii'icus.] Be- 
 longing to lichens ; applied to an acid 
 li'Covered in the Cetraria Jslandica. 
 
 Bieb-e-iiic'o-lus.* [From li'chen , 
 and co'loj to "inhabit.”] That which 
 grows upon lichens. 
 
 Bi-cben-Bioriiiis.* [From li'chen.] 
 298 
 
 Having the appearance of lichen: 
 licheniform. 
 
 Bieb'e-nin. [Bicbeni'na.] A 
 
 substance obtained from the Lichen 
 Jslandica . 
 
 Bick-e-no-graph'ic. [Bicbeno- 
 
 g’B*a£>lt'iCMS.] Belonging to lichenog- 
 raphy. 
 
 LicBa-e-nogra-phy. [Bicbeno- 
 
 gra'iiliia; from li'chen, and ypd(j) o>, to 
 "write.”] A description of lichens. 
 
 Bi-chen-«-i'des. ;ii [From li'chen, 
 and £l6o;, a "form.”] Resembling a 
 lichen : lich'enoid. 
 
 Lich-e-nol'o-gy. [Bichenolo'- 
 
 g-ia; from li'chen , and Xoyug, a "dis- 
 course.”] The part of Botany devoted 
 to lichens. 
 
 Bieb'en-ous. [Biicbeno'sus; from 
 li'chen.] Pertaining to lichens ; resem- 
 bling a lichen. 
 
 Bid. See Operculum. 
 
 Bieberku'bmii (lee-ber-ku'ne-i) 
 G3an'du-lav ;;: ‘ ("Glands of Lieber- 
 kiihn.”) See Lieberkuhn’s Glands. 
 
 Bieberku bat's (lee'ber-kiinz') 
 
 Glands, or Fol'li-cles. [Gian 'dulse 
 or Cryp'tse Bieberkubnia'nae.] 
 The minute tubular glands of the small 
 intestine, first described by Lieberkiihn. 
 
 Bi'en,-'- gen. Bi-e'nss. The organ or 
 viscus of the abdominal cavity called the 
 spleen. 
 
 Bien©malacaa,*le-en-o-ma-la'she-a. 
 [From Wen, the " spleen,” and paXasia, a 
 "softening.”] Morbid softening of the 
 spleen. 
 
 Bl'en-ter-y. [Biente'ria; from 
 
 Xfctoj, "smooth,” and t.<rzpov, an "intes- 
 tine.”] A species of diarrhoea , in which 
 the food passes rapidly through the 
 bowels undigested. 
 
 Bife. [Lat.Vi'ta; Gr. <3(os and$a>< 7 ; Fr. 
 Vie, vA] That mysterious principle ex- 
 isting in organized beings, whereby they 
 are endowed with certain powers or func- 
 tions peculiar to themselves, and not pos- 
 sessed by any form of inorganic matter. 
 As soon as life has ceased in any ani- 
 mal (or plant), the matter of which this 
 is composed, being no longer protected by 
 the vital forces, is thenceforth subject to 
 those laws of affinity which regulate the 
 composition of inorganic bodies, and that 
 combination of elements which was the 
 result of life, gives place to new combi- 
 nations, formed in obedience to the laws 
 of chemistry. Bichat defined life to be 
 the "aggregate of those functions which 
 resist death.” 
 
 Big'^-mont. 
 
 [Bigauien'tum ; 
 
LIG 
 
 LIG 
 
 from li'go, liya'tum , to “bind.”] A 
 peculiar, elastic, membranous substance, 
 connecting the ends of movable bones. 
 
 IJg-a-meii'ta,* the plural of Liya- 
 mentum. See Ligament. 
 
 Ugameai'ta Sub-fla'v# (“Yel- 
 lowish Ligaments”), otherwise called 
 Vel'low lAg'anieiits. The ligaments 
 occupying the intervals between the ver- 
 tebrae, which thus complete the back part 
 of the spinal canal. They are com- 
 posed of dense, yellow, elastic fibres. 
 
 Ug-a-men'tous. [Iagameiito'- 
 sus; from liy amen' turn , a “ligament.”] 
 Of the nature of a ligament; belonging 
 to a ligament. 
 
 Ug'a-nients, Vag'i-nal. [Liga- 
 aiieai'ta Vagiaia lia.j A term for the 
 sheath-like ligaments of the flexor ten- 
 dons of the fingers. 
 
 Ugaincntum Coracoiileum. See 
 
 Coracoid Ligament. 
 
 IA-ga'tion. [lAga'tio, o 'nis ; from 
 li'go, liga'tum , to “ bind.”] The act of 
 tying, or of applying a ligature, as to an 
 artery, etc. 
 
 JLag'a-ture. [Ligafu'ra; from the 
 same.] A thread of silk, flax, or other 
 suitable material, for tying arteries, or 
 other parts. 
 
 Uglit. [Lat. Lux; Gr. «0eik; Fr. 
 Lumiere, lume-en'.] The agent of 
 vision. It is distinguished into two 
 kinds, viz. : natural light, proceeding 
 from the sun and stars, and artificial 
 light, proceeding frofn terrestrial bodies 
 which burn or which are strongly heated. 
 The phenomena of light may be referred 
 to the following heads: — 
 
 1. Radiation, the emission of light, 
 or of caloric, in all directions, in the form 
 of radii, or rays. A collection of such 
 rays, passing nearly in the same direc- 
 tion, is termed a pencil. The radiant 
 point is the point from which diverging 
 rays proceed; the focus, the point to 
 which converging rays are collected. 
 
 2. Reflection, the rebound of a ray of 
 light, or of caloric, from a polished sur- 
 face: the angle of incidence being equal 
 to the angle of reflection. 
 
 3. Refraction , the break of the natu- 
 ral course of a ray of light as it passes 
 into a transparent substance, as glass, or 
 water ; this is termed ordinary refraction. 
 Tf a ray fall upon the surface of Iceland 
 spar, or certain other substances, it will 
 be split into two portions, making an 
 angle with each other, and each pursu- 
 ing its own separate course; this is 
 called double refraction , — one of these 
 
 rays following the same rule as if the 
 substance were glass or water, the other 
 undergoing extraordinary refraction. 
 
 Ugne, l£h. The French term for 
 “line.” See Line A. 
 
 Ugne Blanche, 16n bloNsh. The 
 French term for Linea Alba, which see. 
 
 Lig'ne-ous. [Lig'neus; from liy'- 
 num, “wood.”] (Fr. Liyneux, l&n'yuh'.) 
 Of the nature of wood; resembling 
 wood; woody. 
 
 Lig-nif er-ous. [Ugnirerus ; 
 
 from liy'num , “wood,” and fe'ro , to 
 “bear.”] Bearing wood. 
 
 Ug'ni-I’orin. [IJgiiifor'mis ; from 
 liy'num , “wood.”] Resembling wood. 
 
 Big'nin, or IJg'nine. [Ljgni'na; 
 
 from the same.] The woody fibre con- 
 stituting the fibrous structure of vegeta- 
 ble substances, the most abundant prin- 
 ciple in plants. 
 
 Ug'nous. [Ligno'sns ; from the 
 same.] Wooden, or like wood; woody. 
 
 Ug'mim.* A Latin word signify- 
 ing “wood,” used in medicine chiefly 
 in such phrases as Lignum Q it assise, Lig- 
 num Vitse, etc. See Wood. 
 
 Lig ' n ii in Cam-pe-clil-a'n uni.* 
 
 (“Campeachy Wood.”) See H^ema- 
 toxylon. 
 
 Lignum Col-ii-bri'iiuin.* 
 
 (“Snake Wood.”) Another name for 
 the Aristolochia Serpentaria. 
 
 Lignum In'di-cum.* (“Indian 
 Wood.”) The wood of the Hsematoxylon 
 Campechianum. 
 
 Lignum Quassia?. See Quassia. 
 
 Big'niun Vi'tav* (“ Wood of Life.”) 
 The wood of Guaiacum officinale. See 
 Guaiaci Lignum. 
 
 Iiig-'u-la.* [As if lin’gula, diminutive 
 of lin'yua, a “tongue.”] A little tongue. 
 The tongue of the Crustacea, Arachni- 
 des, and Insecta. 
 
 Ug'u-late. [Ligiila'tus ; from 
 liy' ula, a “little tongue,” also, a “ strap.”] 
 Strap-shaped. 
 
 I<ig'ule. [Ug'ula, a “ little tongue,” 
 or “strap.”] A strap-shaped corolla. 
 
 Iiig-u-Sif er-us. ;i: [From liy’ ula, a 
 “little tongue,” and fe'ro , to “bear.”] 
 Bearing ligules. 
 
 Ug-u-li-filo'rus.* [From liy' ula, a 
 “little tongue,” and jftos, a “flower.”] 
 Having ligulated corollas. 
 
 Lag-ii-lI-loTI-us.* [From Ug’ula, 
 a “little tongue,” and fo'linm, a “leaf.”] 
 Having linear leaves. 
 
 Big'n-li-form. [Ugulifor'mis ; 
 from liy' ula, a “little tongue.”] Like a 
 ligulated corolla. 
 
 299 
 
LIL 
 
 LIN 
 
 Lil'I-a,* the plural of Lil'i-iiiii, 
 forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
 order of plants. See Liliace^e. 
 
 Liliaceae,* lil-e-a'she-e. [From 
 Lil'ium, one of the genera.] A large 
 natural order of endogenous plants, 
 natives of many tropical and temperate 
 regions. It includes the lily, tulip, hy- 
 acinth, asparagus, onion, and other 
 plants prized for beauty or utility. 
 Among the products of this order are 
 aloes, squills, and New Zealand flax. 
 Several species are used as purgatives 
 or emetics. 
 
 Ul-i-a'ceous. [ILilia'ceiis ; from 
 lil'ium , a “lily.”] Resembling the lily, 
 or Liliacese. 
 
 Lil-i-i-flo'riis.* [From lil’ium , a 
 “lily,” and flos , a “flower.”] Having 
 flowers resembling the lily. 
 
 Iiil-i-i-for'inis.* [From lil'ium , a 
 “lily.”] Having the form of a lily. 
 
 Lil'I-iim.* The lily. A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Hexandria, natural 
 order Liliacese. 
 
 JLini. = Limo’nes .* “ Lemons.” 
 
 lAma^on, le'mAs6N G '. The French 
 term for Cochlea, which see. 
 
 Lim-a-tu'ra.* [From li’ma , a “ file.”] 
 The filings of a metal. 
 
 Idmatu'ra Fer'ri.* (“Filings of 
 Iron,” or “ Iron Filings.”) A prepara- 
 tion used as a mild chalybeate. 
 
 Liimb. [From lim'bus , a “border”?] 
 One of the extremities of an animal, as a 
 leg, or arm. Applied in Botany to the 
 blade or lamina of a petal, a sepal, etc.; 
 the expanded part of a corolla, or calyx. 
 
 Lim'bate. [From the same.] Bor- 
 dered. 
 
 Lim-bif'er-us.* [From lim'bus, a 
 “ border,” and fe’ro , to “bear.”] Hav- 
 ing a border, or margin. 
 
 Lime. [Lat. Falx, Fal'cis; Fr. 
 Chaux , sho.] Oxide of calcium ; one of 
 the primitive earths, abundant in nature, 
 but always united to an acid, most fre- 
 quently the carbonic. 
 
 lame. [ILi'mtm, o'li/#.] The fruit 
 of the Citrus limetta , or Citrus limo- 
 num. 
 
 Lime, Fblo'raile of. A compound of 
 chlorine and lime, much used as a disin- 
 fecting agent. For this purpose, one 
 pound may be dissolved in, or mixed 
 with, six gallons of water. 
 
 Lime'stone. [La'pis Calca'reus.] 
 Carbonate of lime ; one of the most 
 abundant and most important of strati- 
 fie 1 rocks. 
 
 Lime-Water. See Liquor Calcis 
 300 
 
 IJm'a-cns.* [From \ip6q, “hunger.”] 
 Belonging to hunger. 
 
 LiBii-i-for'inas.* [From li’ma, a 
 “file.”] Having the appearance of a file. 
 
 JLim-no-me-itlfii'tis, i dis* [From 
 a “stagnant pool,” or “marsh,” 
 and mephi'tis, a “stink;” a “strong, 
 heavy smell.”] Marsh-miasm, or the 
 effluvia arising from vegetable matter in 
 a putrescent state, as in moist or marshy 
 ground. 
 
 Lim-no-pol'y-pns. $ [From \ipvr), a 
 “stagnant pool,” or “marsh,” and ttoAu- 
 7ro a “ polypus ”] Applied in the plu- 
 ral masculine (Limnopol’ypi) to a family 
 of the Pol’ypi brackios’toma. 
 
 Limon, i: gen. O-mo'iiis. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name for the fruit of 
 the Ci'trus limo'num ; and of the Ci'trus 
 mejd’ica. 
 
 IA-mo'nes,* gen. Li-mo nuin, the 
 
 plural of Li.mon, which see. 
 
 Li-moHis Cor'tex.* (“'Rind of 
 Lemon,” or “Lemon-Peel.”) The Phar- 
 maeopoeial name || for the rind of the 
 fruit of the Citrus limonum. 
 
 Limosiis Suc'cus.* (“Lemon- 
 juice.”) The name applied to the juice 
 of the fruit of the Citrus limonum. It 
 has been placed on the primary list of 
 the Materia Medica of the U.S. Phar- 
 macopoeia for 1860. 
 
 Li-mo'amni For'tex.* (“Rind of 
 Lemons.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) for the fresh and 
 dry exterior rind of the fruit of the Cit- 
 rus limonum. 
 
 ILi-moptn'tlii-sis.* [From hpog, “ hun- 
 ger,” “famine,” and QOiotg, a “ wasting.”] 
 Tabes, or wasting, from privation of food. 
 
 IAm-op-so'ra.* [From Xf pog, “fam- 
 ine,” and ipupa, “scabies.”] A kind of 
 scabies which attacks man and the lower 
 animals from long privation of food. 
 
 Li- mo 'sis.* [From Xqidj, “famine.”] 
 Morbid appetite. A genus of diseases 
 characterized by depraved, excessive, or 
 defective appetite. 
 
 I,mi-o-tBier-a-pn a.* [From 
 “hunger,” and fopane'a, the “system of 
 healing.”] The treatment of disease by 
 abstinence. 
 
 la'moms, or ILfi-niiose'. [Linno'sus; 
 
 from li’mus, “mud,” “clay,” “slime.”] 
 Applied to plants growing in muddy soils. 
 Sometimes applied to soil or strata com- 
 posed of mud, argillaceous marl, or sand, 
 cither separate or combined. 
 
 Linacea 1 , 5 li-na'shc-c. [From Li'- 
 num , one of the genera.] A small natu- 
 ral order of exogenous plants, native* of 
 
LIN 
 
 LIN 
 
 Europe, Africa, etc. It includes Linurn 
 (flax). The chief characters of this 
 order are the tenacity of the fibres and 
 the mucilage of the seeds. 
 
 Un-a-g'o'g'iis.* [From \ivov, a “ flax- 
 en thread,” and ayw, to “lead.”] An 
 instrument used in the operation for 
 vesico-vaginal fistula. 
 
 liinamientum. See Lint. 
 
 Unc'tus.* [From Jin' go, line' turn, to 
 “lick,” or “lap.”] A looch (or lohoch), 
 or electuary ; any medicine licked off 
 the spoon because of its adhesive consis- 
 tence. 
 
 Line. See Linea. 
 
 Lin'e-a,* plural Lin'e-se. [From 
 li'num , a “thread.”] A line, or thread; 
 the twelfth part of an inch. In Geometry, 
 that which has length without breadth. 
 
 Lin'ea Al'ba.* (“White Line.”) (Fr. 
 Ligne Blanche , len bloNsh.) The central 
 tendinous line extending from the ensi- 
 form cartilage to the pubes. 
 
 Lin'ea As'per-a.* (“ Lough Line.”) 
 A rough prominence observed along the 
 posterior surface of the femur. 
 
 Liai'ea In-nom-i-na'ta.* Literally, 
 the “ unnamed line.” An elevated line 
 forming a part of the brim of the pelvis. 
 
 Lin'e-a; Al-M-can'tes.* (“Whitish 
 Lines.”) Applied to certain shining 
 reddish and whitish lines on the abdo- 
 men, extending from the groins and pubes 
 to the navel, sometimes occurring in 
 women during the first three or four days 
 after delivery. 
 
 Liai'eae Sem-i-lu-aTta'res.* (“Semi- 
 lunar Lines.”) The lines which bound 
 the exterior margin of the recti muscles 
 of the abdomen. 
 
 Liii'ese TVaws-ver'sse.* (“Trans- 
 verse Lines.”) The lines which cross 
 the recti muscles ; also applied to some 
 fibres which run across the raphe of the 
 corpus callosum. 
 
 Lin'e-ar. [Linea'ris ; from lin'ea, 
 a “line.”] (Fr. Lineaire, le'n&'eit'.) Dis- 
 posed in lines ; pertaining to, or in the 
 form of, a line. In Botany, narrow, and 
 much longer than broad, with parallel 
 margins, as a leaf of grass. 
 
 Liii-e-ar-i-fo'li-Bis.* [From linea'- 
 ris , “linear,” and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] 
 Having linear leaves. 
 
 Lin'e-ate. [Laiiea'tus ; from lin'ea, 
 a “line.”] Marked with lines; streaked. 
 
 Lin-e-at-i-fo'li-us.* [From linea'- 
 tus, “linear,” and f o' Hum. a “leaf.”] 
 Having leaves of which the nervures run 
 parallel from base to apex. 
 
 Li-ne'o-la.* [Diminutive of lin'ea, 
 26* 
 
 a “line.”] Applied to certain small 
 white lines sometimes seen on the fe- 
 male breast. 
 
 LiEi'e-o-fiate. [Lineola tus; from 
 line'ola, a “little line.”] Marked with 
 fine or obscure lines. 
 
 Lifii'g'nal. [LEEBgBia'lis ; from lin'- 
 gua, a “tongue.”] Belonging to the 
 tongue. 
 
 lau-g-ui-fo'li-us.* [From lin'gua , 
 a “tongue,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing linguiform leaves. 
 
 Lin'guidbrni. [Ling-tailor 'mis ; 
 from lin'gua, a “tongue.”] Formed liko 
 a tongue. 
 
 Liiu'gui-la.* [Diminutive of lin'gua , 
 a “tongue.”J A little tongue; a latchet. 
 
 LiBi'gu-late. [Lingnla'tus; from 
 lin'gula, a “little tongue.”] Having a 
 little tongue ; tongue-shaped. 
 
 Li'ni,* the genitive of Linum, which 
 see. 
 
 Li'ni Fa-ri'na.* (“Meal of Flax- 
 seed,” or “Flaxseed Meal.”) The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for meal of 
 the seeds of Linum usitatissimam , de- 
 prived of their fixed oil by expression : 
 lintseed meal. It has been placed on 
 the primary list of the Materia Medica 
 of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for I860. 
 
 Li'iti Se'men.* (“Seed of Flax.”) 
 The Pharmacopoeia! name (Brit. Ph.) 
 for flaxseed, lintseed, or linseed. 
 
 U'Bsi Sem'i-na.* (“ Seeds of Flax/’) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for 
 the seeds of Linum vsitatissimum. 
 
 Liaiictient. See Linimentum. 
 
 Lin-I-men'Ia,* the plural of Lini- 
 mentum, which see. 
 
 LiBi-l»mcKft'tuni 9 * plural Liit-t- 
 men'ta. [From IV no, to “ anoint.”] A 
 thin ointment : alin'iment. 
 
 LiHinien'tKm Am-BBio'ni-se.* 
 (“Liniment of Ammonia.”) Take of wa- 
 ter of ammonia, a fluidounce ; olive oil, 
 two troyounces. Mix them. 
 
 UBBflmeBi'tium Cal'cis.* (“ Lini- 
 ment of Lime,” or “Lime Liniment.”) 
 Take of solution of lime, eight fluid- 
 ounces; flaxseed oil, seven troyounces. 
 Mix them. 
 
 Linimentum Cam'pho-rse.* 
 
 (“ Liniment of Camphor.”) Take of 
 camphor, three troyounces; olive oil, 
 twelve troyounces. Dissolve the cam- 
 phor in the oil. 
 
 Lmimen'tnm Oan-tliar'i-clis.* 
 
 (“ Liniment of Cantharides.”) Take of 
 cantharides, in fine powder, atroyounce; 
 oil of turpentine, half a pint. Digest 
 the cantharides with the oil for three 
 301 
 
LIN 
 
 LIQ 
 
 hours in a close vessel, by means of a 
 water-bath, and strain. 
 
 Liuimen'tum Clilo-ro-for'mi.'* 
 (“ Liniment of Chloroform. ”) Take of 
 purified chloroform, three troyounces ; 
 olive oil, four troyounces. Mix them. 
 
 Liniinen turn Sa-po'nis.* (“ Lini- 
 ment of Soap,” or “Soap Liniment.”) 
 Tinctura Saponis Camphor at a , Pharm., 
 1850. Take of soap, in shavings, four 
 troyounces; camphor, two troyounces; 
 oil of rosemary, half a fluidounce ; water, 
 four fluidounces; alcohol, two pints. Mix 
 the alcohol and water, dige t the soap 
 with the mixture by means of a water- 
 bath until it is dissolved ; then filter, and, 
 having added the camphor and oil, mix 
 the whole thoroughly together. 
 
 Liu i ail on ' t urn Ter-e- bin ' tSii-nae.* 
 (“Liniment of Turpentine.”) Take of 
 resin cerate, twelve troyounces ; oil of 
 turpentine, half a pint. Add the oil to 
 the cerate previously melted, and mix 
 them. 
 
 Liu-nse'an. Belonging to Linnaeus, 
 the naturalist. In Botany, the Linnaean, 
 or sexual, system, is founded on the 
 number of stamens which determines 
 the primary divisions, or Classes; the 
 subdivisions, or Orders, generally depend 
 on the number of pistils. The term is 
 applied in a more general sense to a 
 system of arranging the productions of 
 the animal, -vegetable, and mineral king- 
 doms laid down by Linnaeus. 
 
 Lin-o-sper'mum.* [From Vivov, 
 “flax,” and cneppa, “seed.”] Linseed, 
 or lintseed, afforded by the Linum usita- 
 tis8imum. See Lini Semen. 
 
 Linseed. See Lintseed. 
 
 Lint. [Lin 'ten in ; from li'num , 
 “flax.”] (Fr. Char pie, shait'p<P.) A 
 soft material made by scraping old linen 
 cloth, and used as a dressing in all cases 
 of wounds, ulcers, etc. 
 
 Lin-te-i-for'mis.* [From lin'teum , 
 “lint.”] Having the appearance or tex- 
 ture of lint : lin'teiform. 
 
 Uni 'need. The seeds of Linum usi- 
 tatissimum. See Lini Semen, or Lini 
 Semina. 
 
 Li'num,* gen. Li'ni. [From Vivov, 
 “flax.”] A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Pentandria, natural order Linacese. Also, 
 the Pharmacopoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the seed of the Li'num vsitatis' si mum. 
 
 Iii it n in t a-t liar ti-en in. i: The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) of the 
 purging flax. 
 
 Lip. (Fr. LZvre, leva or 1&vr.) See 
 Labium, and Labrum. 
 
 302 
 
 Lip'a-ro-cele.* [From Vnapog, “fat,” 
 and KriXri, a “ tumor.”] A fatty tumor in 
 the scrotum. 
 
 Lip-a-ro'des.* [From \map6g, “fat,” 
 or “obese.”] Full of fat; obese. 
 
 Lip-a-ro-dysp-noe'a.* [From Vna- 
 po$, “ fat,” and dvomoia, “ difficult breath- 
 ing.”] Dyspnoea caused by obesity. 
 
 Lip-a-ro-i'des.* [From \map6g, “ fat,” 
 or “obese,” and eldog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling fat. 
 
 Lip-a-rom'plta-lus.* [From Vnapcg, 
 “fat,” and opupaXog, the “navel.”] A 
 fatty tumor at the umbilicus. 
 
 Lip-a-ro-scir'rhus.* [From Xnrn- 
 pog, “fat,” and cKifpog, “incipient cancer.”] 
 A fatty, scirrhous tumor. 
 
 LipoceSe. See Liparocele. 
 
 Li-poma, i: plural Ll-poivi'a-ta. 
 [From Xinug, “fat.”] A species of fatty 
 tumor. 
 
 Li-pom-a-to'cles.* [From lipo'ma , 
 a “fatty tunn r.”] Resembling lipoma; 
 conjoined with lipoma. 
 
 Li-povn-a-to-i'cles.* [From lipo'vw , 
 a “fatty tumor,” and ddog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling lipoma: lipom'atoid. 
 
 Lipcinpfiialus. See Liparompha- 
 lus. 
 
 Lip-o-seir'rtius.* [From Vinos, “ fat,” 
 and oKifpog, “incipient cancer.”] The 
 same as Liparoscirrhus, which see. 
 
 Li-po'sis.* [From Vinos, “ fat.”] The 
 progressive accumulation of fat. 
 
 Lip-o-sphyx i-a.* [From Xeinw, to 
 “fail,” and o6v£ig, the “pulse.”] Ab- 
 sence, or cessation, of the pulse. 
 
 Lipotfitymia. See Leipothymia. 
 
 Lip'pi-tude. [Lippiiu <lo, iliuis ; 
 from Up'pu8, “blear-eyed.”] A raw, 
 tumid state of the margin of the eyelids, 
 from which a puriform humor exudes. 
 
 Liq. = Li'quor .* See Liquor. 
 
 Liquatio (le-qua'she-o),o'm#.* [From 
 li'quo, liqua'tum , to “melt.”] Strictly, 
 the same as Fusion ; also, Liquefaction. 
 
 Liq-uc-la cienfs. [From liquefa'cio, 
 to “ melt.”] Agents which augment the 
 secretions, arrest the solidifying, and 
 promote the liquefying processes of the 
 animal economy. 
 
 Liq-ue-fac'tion. [Liquefac'tio, 
 
 o 'nis ; from liquefa'cio, liquefac’ turn , to 
 “ make liquid.”] The conversion of a 
 solid into a liquid. 
 
 Liqueur (Fr.), l£'ki T R\ A spirituous 
 liquor composed of water, aleol ol, sugar, 
 and some aromatic infusion extracted 
 from fruits, seeds, etc. 
 
 Liquid. [Liquidum ; from liq'- 
 uidus, “liquid,” “moist.”] Any mb- 
 
LIT 
 
 LIQ 
 
 stance, not aeriform, which is fluid, like 
 water. 
 
 Liq-uid-am'bar.* [From liq'uidus, 
 “ liquid,” and and her ; so called because 
 the tree yields on incision a fluid, amber- 
 like substance.] A genus of plants, 
 several species of which afford a fragrant 
 resin, called storax. 
 
 Liquiritia,* lik-we-rish'e-a. Liq- 
 uorice. See Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 Li quor , 5 gen. Li-quo'ris, nomina- 
 tive plural Li-quo're&. [From li'yueo, 
 to “ become liquid.” (Fr. Liqueur, 1&'- 
 kuR'.) A term applied to many liquids, 
 particularly those composed chiefly of 
 water, or of alcohol. As a Pharmaco- 
 poeial term it signifies “ solution.” 
 
 Liquor Altunin is ( ompositus. 
 See Bates's Alum- Water. 
 
 Li'quor Ain-aaio'ni-se.* (“ Liquor 
 of Ammonia.”) A solution of amrno- 
 niacal gas in water; otherwise called 
 Aqua Ammonise (“Water of Ammonia”). 
 
 Liquor Aanuioniac Acetatis. See 
 Mindereri Spiritus. 
 
 Li quor Aau'ui-i.* (“Liquor of the 
 Amnion.”) The watery fluid in which 
 the foetus is suspended. See Amnion. 
 
 Li'quor Ar-sen-i-ca'lis.* (“Ar- 
 senical Liquor.”) A Pharmacopceial 
 preparation, also called Fowler’s Solution , 
 and Tasteless Ague Drop , consisting of 
 arseniate of potash dissolved in water, 
 and flavored and colored by spirit of 
 lavender. This has been recommended 
 as a remedy in intcrmittents, and has 
 been found very useful in lepra and 
 other inveterate cutaneous affections. 
 
 Li'quor Cftl'cis,* otherwise called 
 A'qna Cal'cis.* (“Water of Lime,” 
 or “Lime-Water.”) A saturated solu- 
 tion of lime in water. It may be pre- 
 pared by pouring upon some freshly 
 slacked lime a quantity of pure water. 
 In a few hours, the solution will become 
 clear by the settling of such particles of 
 lime as are not dissolved by the water. 
 The solution, with the undissolved lime, 
 should be kept in a well-stopped bottle ; 
 pour off the clear liquid as it is wanted 
 for use. The U.S. Pharmacopoeia directs 
 the preparation to be made in the pro- 
 portion of four ounces of lime to eight 
 pints of water. But if the lime be in 
 excess, no disadvantage can result; the 
 superfluous portion will, in that case, 
 simply remain undissolved. 
 
 Lime-water is antacid, tonic, and as- 
 tringent. Mixed with an equal quantity 
 /f milk, which completely covers its of- 
 fensive taste, it often proves an excel- 
 
 lent remedy for nausea and vomiting 
 dependent on irritability of the stomach. 
 It may be employed with great advan- 
 tage in dyspepsia accompanied with 
 acidity of the stomach, as well as 
 some forms of diarrhoea, and in calcu- 
 lous affections attended with a super- 
 abundant secretion of uric acid. Exter- 
 nally, it is often used as a wash in por- 
 vigo and similar affections, and as an 
 application to foul ulcers. 
 
 Liquor Morgagni. See Morgagni, 
 Liquor. 
 
 Li'quor Po-tas'sae Ar-se-ui'tis.* 
 
 (“Liquor of the Arsenite of Potash.”) The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. and Bub. 
 Ph.) for the Liquor Arsenicalis, which 
 see. 
 
 Li'quor San'gui-nis.*' (“Liquor 
 of the Blood.”) The colorless fluid 
 which holds the globules of the blood 
 in suspension during life. 
 
 Li'quor Sil'i-cum.* (“Liquor of 
 Flints.”) See Glass, Soluble. 
 
 Li-quo'res,* the plural of Liquor, 
 which see. 
 
 Liquorice, lik'or-iss. [Liquiritia.] 
 
 See Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 Lir-I-o-<ICu'<Irou.* [From \dpiou, a 
 “lily,” a “ tulip” (?) and dhtpov, a “tree.”] 
 A Linnsean genus of the class Poli/an- 
 clria, natural order Magnoliacese. Also, 
 the Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the bark of Liriodeu' dron tulipif era. 
 
 Lcsjping. A species of psellismus, or 
 defective enunciation, commonly called 
 speaking through the teeth, and pro- 
 duced by an abnormal length of tongue, 
 cr by affectation. 
 
 LitBia-gogue. [Lithagogns; 
 
 from XiQoq, a “stone,” and ayw, to “carry 
 off,” to “expel.”] Having power to ex- 
 pel calculi from the bladder or kidneys. 
 
 LitBa arge. [Litliar'gyrum, Litli- 
 ar'gyrus: from XQog, a “stone,” and 
 apyrpog, “silver;” so named from its 
 being obtained from an ore (or stone) 
 containing lead and silver.] An oxide 
 of lead imperfectly vitrified. 
 
 Lith'ate. [Li'ttias, atis.] A com- 
 bination of lithic acid with a base. 
 See Urate. 
 
 LitBi-ec'ia-sy. [Littiecta'sia ; from 
 A '0o?, a “stone,” and ctfmVco, to “extend.”] 
 The operation of removing calculi of 
 moderate size through the urethra, by 
 first extending or dilating it. 
 
 Litii'i-a.* [From A idog, a “stone.”] 
 The protoxide of lithium, an alkali dis- 
 covered in 1818. 
 
 LitBi'ia.* [From the same.] The 
 303 
 
LIT 
 
 LIT 
 
 name of a genus in Dr. Good’s Nosol- 
 ogy, comprising the different species of 
 urinary calculus. See Lithiasis. 
 
 IAtli'i-ae Car-bo' Bias.* (“ Carbon- 
 ate of Lithia.”) A white powder spar- 
 ingly soluble in water, and having a 
 feeble alkaline reaction. It has been 
 placed on the primary list of the Mate- 
 ria Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia 
 for 1860. It is recommended as a rem- 
 edy in calculous diseases. 
 
 JLi-thi'a-sis.* [From the same.] The 
 formation of stone, or urinary calculus. 
 Also, a disease of the eyelids, in which 
 small hard tumors grow upon their mar- 
 gins. 
 
 Lith'ic. [ILith'icus ; from the same.] 
 Applied to an acid obtained from calculi 
 and urine. See Uric. 
 
 Iiith'ii-ca.'* [From the same.] Medi- 
 cines which counteract the predisposition 
 to the formation of calculous concretions 
 in the urinary organs. 
 
 lAthi-uan.* The metallic base of 
 lithia. 
 
 ILitli-o-£e-3i©'sis.* [From \i0o;, a 
 “ stone,” and tdvuais, an “ evacuation.”] 
 The removal or extraction of the frag- 
 ments of a calculus broken in the opera- 
 tion of lithotrity. 
 
 ILitli-o-^e-iiot'i-cus.* Belonging to 
 
 litkoceno8i8. 
 
 Siitli'o-clast, or Utli'o-claste. 
 
 [From Xidog, a “ stone/’ and KXaordcd, to 
 “ break.”] An instrument introduced 
 through the urethra for the purpose of 
 reducing calculi to small fragments in 
 the bladder. 
 
 ILitli-o-dec-ta'sI-a.* [From \i0o;, a 
 “ stone,” odd;, a “passage,” or “way,” 
 and cKTacrig, an “extension.”] The same 
 as Lithectasy, which see. 
 
 Li-tho'dSs.* [From XiQo ;, a “stone.”] 
 Full of calculi; of the nature of calculi. 
 
 Litli-o-di-a'li-a,* or JLith-o-di-al'- 
 y-sis.* [From Xi9u;, a “stone,” and 
 6ia\v(x), to “ dissolve.”] A dissolving of 
 stone or calculus in the bladder. 
 
 Lit h-o-dy sp- bi oe 'a.* [From \i9og, a 
 “ stone,” and dvoni/oia, “ difficult breath- 
 ing.”] Calculous dyspnoea, or difficult 
 breathing caused by calcareous concre- 
 tions in the lungs or other air-passages. 
 
 Lith«ecius,' i: lith-e'she-us. [From 
 \t0os, a “ stone,” and oiko a “ habita- 
 tion.”] Growing upon stones. 
 
 lAtli-o-fel-li'nus.* [From Xtflo a 
 “stone,” and fel , the “bile.”] Pertain- 
 ing to a gall-stone or biliary calculus. 
 See CnoLOMTHic. 
 
 L.itl>-©-geii'e-sy. [JLUBiogeiie'sia ; 
 
 304 
 
 from XiOog, a “stone,” and yivtaig, “gene- 
 ration.”] The science which treats of 
 the origin and formation of minerals. 
 
 lA-tliog-'ra-ptny. [Lithogra'pSiia : 
 
 from XOog, a “stone,” and ypu-pco, to “en- 
 grave,” or to “write.”] Engraving on 
 stone. The art by which impressions or 
 prints are obtained from drawings made 
 on calcareous stone. 
 
 ILitBi'oid. [JLi£&i©i'des ; from \i0og, 
 a “stone,” and eldog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling stone. 
 
 ]Li-tii©l'©-gy* [EAtli©lo'g’ia; from 
 
 \l0os, a “stone,” andAoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on stones ; the science which 
 treats of the nature or properties of 
 stones, or of calculi. 
 
 IAtifo-©-ane'tra.** [From XOog, a 
 “stone,” and pyj-pa, the “womb.”] A 
 term for ossification of the uterus. 
 
 ILiiihoiitrifDitic. Sec Lithotriptic. 
 
 IA-t3i©ph 'I- 1 cbs.* [From X tOo;, a 
 “stone,” and 0tX£ cu, to “love.”] Growing 
 upon rocks or stony places. 
 
 JLit3i'©-pSayte. [JLitfowipIh'ytoai; 
 from \idog, a “stone,” and (bvrov , a 
 “plant.”] Certain productions having 
 the qualities both of stone and plant, as 
 corals; also, Polypi that have an inte- 
 rior stony axis. 
 
 IdtilB-©-sco'i>i-um.* [From XtOog, a 
 “stone,” and oKoneco, to “examine.”] 
 An instrument for ascertaining the size 
 and form of a calculus; a lith'oscope. 
 
 IAth-©-sper bubis.* [From XOo;, a 
 “ stone,” and a^rippa, a “ seed.”] Having 
 fruit hard and like stones : lithospermous. 
 
 Li-th©t'©-Biiy. [JLitiioto'mia; 
 
 from \idog, a “ stone,” and repvo), to 
 “cut.”] (Fr. Taille, tal.) The opera- 
 tion of cutting into the bladder to with- 
 draw a stone or calculus : cystot'omy. 
 
 ]Lith-©-tB*e'SBS.* [From XOog, a 
 “ stone,” and Tprivtg, a “ perforation.”] 
 The same, nearly, as Lithotrity. 
 
 ]Litti'©-trip-sy. [Litlifttrip'sia; 
 from \idog, a “ stone,” and rptfio, to “ wear 
 by friction.”] The operation of rubbing 
 down calculi in the bladder by means 
 of a lithotriptor. 
 
 Lit li-o-t rip't i<*. [Utti©trip'ticus ; 
 
 from the same.] Applied to medicines 
 that tend to counteract the formation of 
 calculi. 
 
 fiiith-©-trip'tor, o'r /*.# [From the 
 same.] An instrument for crushing cal- 
 culi in the bladder into fragments so 
 minute that they may pass the urethra. 
 
 IjI-I li©t'ri-t©B% ©'*•<#.* [From \i6og, a 
 “stone,” and te'ro, tri'tum, to “rub,” to 
 “break.”] The same as Lithotriptor. 
 
LIT 
 
 LOB 
 
 IA-thot/ri-ty. [From the same.] 
 The operation of breaking a stone or 
 calculus in pieces by means of the litho- 
 clastc. 
 
 Li4hox^-liim. $ [From \idog , a 
 “ stone,” and or, “ wood/’] Fossil, or 
 petrified, wood. 
 
 JLith-u-re'sis.* [From Xtflo?, a 
 “ stone, ” and ovpou, the “ urine.”] The 
 passing of small calculi with the urine. 
 
 LitlMi*ror-rlue'a.- [From Ai9o;, a 
 “ stone/’ ovpor, the “ urine,” and psu>, to 
 “flow.”] Calculous diabetes. 
 
 Lit inus," or laiciiiiis.* A test, of 
 a bluish color, obtained from the Croton 
 tinctorium and the Lichen roccella. 
 
 Lit'mus Pa'per is prepared by digest- 
 ing powdered litmus in water, and paint- 
 ing with it white paper which is free 
 from alum. 
 
 ILitra. The same as Libra. 
 
 ILitre , l<Pter or letR. A French 
 measure, equal to 61.028 English cubic 
 inches, or 0.22 of an imperial gallon. 
 
 ILit'to-ral. [lAttora'lis; from lit’- 
 tus, lit'toris, the “ shore.”] Applied to 
 plants that grow on the banks or shores 
 of waters, chiefly of rivers and lakes. 
 Written also Litoral. 
 
 ILiv'er. [Lat. Jc'cnr, or He'par; 
 Gr. r\rap - Fr. Foie, fw&.] The gland 
 whose office it is to secrete the bile. It 
 is situated on the right side of the abdo- 
 minal cavity, immediately below the dia- 
 phragm, and is divided into three lobes, 
 the right lobe, the left lobe, and the in- 
 ferior or lesser lobe, also called the Lobu- 
 lus Spigelii. The liver is the largest 
 gland in the body. 
 
 Liver, Inflammation of the. See 
 
 Hepatitis. 
 
 ILiver-Wort- See IIepatica. 
 
 JLaver-Woa’t, Iceland. See Ce- 
 
 traria Islandica. 
 
 ILi'vor, o'r/s.* [From li'veo, to “grow 
 black and blue.”] The mark of a blow; 
 lividness. 
 
 Iiix,* gen. lii'cis. Lye, or water im- 
 pregnated with the alkali of wood-ashes. 
 
 Iax-iv'i-al. [Idxivia'lis.] Be- 
 longing to a lixivium. 
 
 ILix-iv'i-at-ecl. [ Lixivia' tus; from 
 lixiv'ium, “lye.”] Having undergone 
 lixiviation. 
 
 Ltx-iv'i-a'tion. [ILixivia'ti©; 
 
 from lixiv'ium, “ lye.”] The process of 
 dissolving an alkali or a salt in water 
 or other fluid, to form a lixivium. 
 
 Lix-iv'i-um. : ' : [From lix, “lye.”] 
 A liquid impregnated with an alkali, or 
 a salt ; lye. 
 
 Iaxiv'ium fcap-o-na'ri-tim.* The 
 
 Liquor potunnse, or solution of potash. 
 
 Loadstone. [Mag'nes.] A specie? 
 of iron ore which has the peculiar pro- 
 perties of attracting iron and of turning 
 towards the magnetic pole of the earth 
 when freely suspended. 
 
 Loasacese,* lo-a-sa'she-e. [From 
 Loasa, one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of exogenous herbaceous plants, 
 natives of America. 
 
 Lo'bate. [I.oba'tus; from lo f bus, a 
 “lobe.”] Lobed. Having lobes, as the 
 lungs, liver, leaves, tumors, etc. 
 
 Lobe. [Lat. Lo'bns; Gr. Mo?.] 
 Applied to parts of certain viscera, more 
 or less distinct from the rest, and to the 
 lower part of the external ear. In Bot- 
 any, any division, or projecting part, of 
 an organ, especially a rounded one. 
 
 Lobed. Sec Lobatus. 
 
 Lo-be'li-a.* [From Lo’bel, a bot- 
 anist.] A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Monadelplna , natural order Lobeliacese. 
 Also, the Pharmaeopoeial name || of the 
 herb of Lobelia inf at a. Lobelia is emetic, 
 and in small doses diaphoretic and ex- 
 pectorant. 
 
 Lobe lia In-fla'ta.* The systematic 
 name of the plant called Indian To- 
 bacco. 
 
 Lobeliaeeay* lo-be-le-a'she-c. A 
 natural order of exogenous plants, found 
 in many warm and temperate regions. 
 It includes the Lobelia ivflata , a power- 
 ful emetic, and several poisonous plants. 
 
 Lo-be-li-a'eeons. [Lobelia'ceus.] 
 Resembling the lobelia. 
 
 Lob'e-lin. [Lobeli'na.] The active, 
 volatile, organic base obtained from Lo- 
 belia infata, by macerating the herb in 
 alcohol, previously prepared with sul- 
 phuric acid and powdered caustic lime. 
 
 Lo-bi'o-lns.* [Diminutive of lo'bus, 
 a “lobe.”] Applied to the small seg- 
 ments at the edges of the thallus of 
 lichens, when their form approaches that 
 of leaves. 
 
 Lob'n-Iar. [Lobula'ris; from 
 lob’ ulus, a “lobule.”] Belonging to a 
 lobule; shaped like a lobe or lobule. 
 
 Lob'u-late. [From the same.] Bear- 
 ing or having small lobes. Applied to 
 leaves. 
 
 L©b'n-li/ f the plural of Lobulus. 
 
 Lob'nSi Tes'tis.* (“ Lobules of the 
 Testicle.”) The lobules formed by the 
 convolutions of the tubuli seminiferi of 
 the testis. 
 
 Lob'w-Ius,* plural Lob'u-li. [Di- 
 minutive of lo’bus, a “lobe.”] A lob'ule. 
 
 305 
 
LOB 
 
 LOI 
 
 Lob'u-lus Ac-ces-so'ri-us,* Lob'- 
 ulus A-non'y-imis,* or Lob'ulu§ 
 
 Qwad-ra'tus.* A small lobe on the un- 
 der-surface of the liver, forming the ante- 
 rior point of the right lobe; otherwise 
 thac space of the great lobe between the 
 fossa of the umbilical vein and gall-blad- 
 der, extending to the anterior margin. 
 
 Lob'ulus Cau-da'tus.* A tail-like 
 process of the liver, stretching down- 
 ward from the middle of the great right 
 lobe to the Lobnlus Spigelii. 
 
 Lob'ulus Si*i-ge'll-i.* (“ Lobule 
 of Spigelius.”) The inferior, or small- 
 est, lobe of the liver, first particularly 
 described by Spigelius. 
 
 Lo'ca,* gen. Lo-co'rnm, the plural 
 of Locus. 
 
 Lo'cal. [Loca'lis; from lo'cus, a 
 “ place.”] Belonging to a place or part; 
 limited to a particular place. See Topical. 
 
 Lo-ca'les.* [Plural of loca'lis, 
 “ local.”] Local diseases. Applied to a 
 class of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Lo-cel'late. [From locel'lus , a “ lit- 
 tle cell.”] Having secondary cells. 
 
 Loch. See Linctus. 
 
 Lo-clii'a,* or Lo'ciil-a, o'rum* 
 [Hr. \o\zia or from Ao\;6s, a “ lying 
 
 in,” or “ confinement,” also the discharge 
 after childbirth.] (Fr. Suites de Coaches , 
 sw6t deh koosh.) The serous discharge 
 from the uterus and vagina after de- 
 livery; the cleansings. 
 
 Lo-cli I-op ' y-ra.* [From \o\etog, 
 “pertaining to childbed,” and n up, a 
 “ fever.”] Puerperal or childbed fever. 
 
 Lo-clii-or-rlia'gi-a.* [From A o\eia, 
 or A 6\ia, the discharge after childbirth, 
 and prjyi/v/xi, to “ burst forth.”] An ex- 
 cessive flow of the lochia. 
 
 Lo-clii-or-rlice'a.* [From A o\ua, 
 or AdX'a, “childbirth,” the “lochia,” and 
 pzw, to “flow.”] A more than natural dis- 
 charge of the lochia. 
 
 lo-chl-os'che-sis.^ [From A o\zXa, 
 “childbirth,” and axevig, “holding,” or 
 “retention.”] Retention or stoppage of 
 the lochia. 
 
 Loch-o-cac-o-c t>l ' pl-a. * [ F ro m 
 
 A o\6g, “confinement,” k<ik6$, “evil,” and 
 Kd\ro;, a “ sinus.”] Puerperal putridity 
 or disease of the vulva. 
 
 Locli-o-do-elii'iim.* [From A o\6g, 
 “confinement,” and lo\rXoj, a “recepta- 
 cle.”] A lying-in hospital. 
 
 Lodi-o-me-trl'tis, id is.* [From 
 
 A o\6g, “ confinement,” and metri'tis, “in- 
 flammation of the womb.”] Puerperal 
 metritis. 
 
 Loch-o-i>€r-¥-to-iii'tis, Idit,* 
 
 306 
 
 Loch-o-2ȣr-i-to-ue-i'tis.* [From A o- 
 
 \og , “confinement,” and jjeritoni'tis.] In- 
 flammation of the peritonaeum in childbed. 
 
 Lo-ehop [From A a\og, “con- 
 
 finement,” and nip, a “fever.”] Puer- 
 peral fever. 
 
 Locli-o-ty'plms.* [From A o\og, 
 “confinement,” and rvcpog, “stupor.”] 
 Contagious puerperal fever; puerperal 
 typhus. 
 
 Lo'$i,* gen. Lo-co'rum, the plural 
 of Locus, which see. 
 
 Lock Mos'pi-tal. A general name, 
 in Great Britain, for a hospital for the 
 treatment of venereal diseases. 
 
 Locked Jaw. See Tetanus. 
 
 Lo-eo-nao'tion. [Locomo'tio, 
 o'nis; from lo'cus, a “place,” and mo'veo , 
 mo' turn, to “move.”] The act or power 
 of moving from place to place. 
 
 Loc'u-la-ment. [Loculamen'- 
 tum; from loc'ulus, a “cell,” “box,” or 
 “case.”] A cell of an ovary. 
 
 Loc-u-lam-eii-to'sus.* [From locn- 
 lamen'tum.] Having loculaments, or cells. 
 
 Loc'u-lar. [Locula'ris; from loc'- 
 idas, a “box,” or “case.”] Divided into 
 cells or cavities; pertaining to a cell. 
 
 Loc-u-la'tus.* [From the same.] 
 Having loculi : loculate. 
 
 Loc'u-li,* the plural of Loculus. 
 
 Loc-u-H-ci 'dal. [Loculici'dus ; 
 from loc'ulus, a “cell,” or “box,” and 
 cse'do, to “cut,” to “cut through.”] 
 Opening or breaking directly into the 
 back of a cell. 
 
 Loc'u-lus,* plural Loc'u-li. [Dimi- 
 nutive of lo'cus, a “place.”] Alocule: a 
 name for a cell of the ovary (or anther) of 
 a plant; also applied to any small cavity. 
 
 Lo'cus,* gen. Lo'^i, plural Lo'ci and 
 Lo'ca. A place; a topic. 
 
 Lo'cus Ni'ger.* (“Black Place.”) 
 A quantity of dark-colored matter in the 
 centre of the Crura cerebri, or limbs of 
 the brain. 
 
 Lo-cus'ta.* A spikelet or flower- 
 cluster of grasses. 
 
 Loemia. See Loimia. 
 
 Loemology. See Loimology. 
 
 Log' wood. The wood of the Hsema- 
 tox'ylon Campechia'n u in . 
 
 Lo'Biocli. The same as Looch. See 
 Eclegma. 
 
 Loi'ml-a.* [From \oip6g , the “plague.”] 
 The plague, or other epidemic disease. 
 
 Loi'mic. [Loi'niicus; from the 
 same.] Belonging to the plague, or to 
 epidemic disease. 
 
 Loi-mo'dc&.* [From the same.] 
 Like the plague; pestilential. 
 
 or 
 
LOI 
 
 LOR 
 
 Loi-mog'ra-phy. [Loimogra'- 
 pliia; from \oip6g, the “plague/" and 
 ypdtj) w, to “write."’] A description, or 
 history, of the plague. 
 
 Loi-mo-i'des.* [From A oipog, the 
 “ plague,"" and eidog, a “ form.""] Resem- 
 bling the pestis, or plague: loi'moid. 
 
 Loi-mol'o-gy. [Loimolo'gia; 
 from A oipog, the “plague,"" and Aoyoj, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on the plague; 
 the science of the plague or pestilential 
 diseases. 
 
 IiOi-moph>thiil'nii-a/' [From A m- 
 1*6$, the “plague,"" and ophthal'mia . ] 
 Contagious ophthalmia. 
 
 Loi-mop'y-ra.^ [From \oip6g, the 
 “plague,"" and nvp, a “fever.""] Pesti- 
 lential fever. 
 
 Loins. See Lumbi. 
 
 Loin-a-to-car pus.* [From A upa, a 
 “fringe/" or “border/" and Kap-nog, 
 “fruit."’] Having flattened fruit with a 
 thick border. 
 
 liOin-a-to-ph.y l [From A tipa, 
 
 a “fringe/" or “border,” and (j)vX\ou, a 
 “leaf."’] Having the borders of the leaf 
 different from the rest: lomatophyl'lous. 
 
 Lonabes, I6i\ib. The French term for 
 “loins.” See Lumbi. 
 
 Lontent. [Lomentmn.] A 
 jointed legume or pod, resembling a 
 legume divided transversely into two or 
 more joints. 
 
 Lo*men4a'ceous. [Lomenta'- 
 ceus.] Bearing or resembling a loment. 
 
 Lon-clio-phyl'lus.* [From A 6y\n, 
 a “lance,” and <1 IvWou , a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing very long leaves, linear and slightly 
 lanceolated. 
 
 Lon-gev'I-t^. [From lon'gus , 
 “long,” and ad mini, “age.”] The pro- 
 longation of life to an advanced period. 
 
 Lon-gi-brac-te-a'tus.* [From lon'- 
 gus, “long,” and brae' tea, a “floral leaf.”] 
 Having long bracts. 
 
 IiOai-^i-car'pus. ;: [From lon'gus, 
 
 “long,” and Kapixog, “fruit.”] Having 
 very long fruit. 
 
 Lon-gi-cau-da'tus,* or Lon-gi- 
 cau'dtis.* [From lon'gus, “long,” and 
 can' da, a “tail.""] Having a long tail. 
 
 Lon-gi-cau'lis.* [From lon'gus, 
 “long/" and cau'lis, a “stem.”] Hav- 
 ing a long stem. 
 
 Lon-gi-collis.* [From lon'gus, 
 “long,” and col' him , a “neck.”] Ap- 
 plied to mosses that have urns in the 
 form of a very elongated pear. 
 
 Longing. The peculiar, and often 
 capricious, desires of females during 
 pregnancy. 
 
 Lon-gi-peii'nes, ;;: or Lon-gi-pen'« 
 nates. [From lon'gus, “long,” and pen' - 
 na, a “wing.”] A family of swimming 
 birds, comprising those in which the 
 wings reach as far as, or beyond, the tail ; 
 as the tropic bird, the albatross, etc. 
 They are all denizens of the high seas ; 
 and, from their powers of flight, are met 
 with in various latitudes. 
 
 Lon-gis'si-mus.* [Superlative de- 
 gree of lon'gus, “long.”] The longest. 
 Applied as a name to certain muscles. 
 
 Longis'simus Dorsi.* (“ The Longest 
 [Muscle] of the Back.”) It arises from 
 the posterior surface of the sacrum, and 
 is attached to the transverse processes of 
 all the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae; it 
 serves to keep the body in an erect pos- 
 ture. 
 
 Longis'simus Oc'uli.* (“The Long- 
 est [Muscle] of the Eye.”) Another name 
 for the obliquus superior. 
 
 Lon'gl-tudc. [Longitu'do, d inis; 
 from lon'gus , “ long.’"] Originally, 
 
 “length.” The longitude of a heavenly 
 body is its distance from the vernal 
 equinox, reckoned on the ecliptic. The 
 longitude of a place on the earth is the 
 number of degrees, minutes, etc., mea- 
 sured on a parallel of latitude between 
 the place and some conventional fixed 
 meridian, as Greenwich, Paris, Washing- 
 ton, etc., from which the measurements are 
 made east and west to the 180th degree. 
 
 Lon-gi-tu di-nal. [Longitudi- 
 na'lis; from longitu'do, “length,” or 
 “longitude.”] Belonging to longitude, 
 or length. 
 
 Longitu'dinal Si nus. A triangu- 
 lar canal within the skull, along the 
 upper margin of the Falx cerebri. 
 
 Longitu'dinal Si nus, In-fe'ri-or. 
 
 A vein running along the lower margin 
 of the Falx cerebri. 
 
 Lon-go-pliyl'lus.* [Frcm lon'gus, 
 “long,” and ipvWov, a “leaf.”] Having 
 very long leaves. 
 
 Longsightedness. See Presbyopia. 
 
 Lon'gus.* A Latin word signifying 
 “long.” See next article. 
 
 Lon'gus Col li.* (“ The Long [Mus- 
 cle] of the Neck :"’ Fr. Long du Con, 
 16n g dii koo.) A long muscle at the 
 back of the oesophagus: it supports and 
 bends the neck. 
 
 Loocii, lok. A French term for 
 Eclegma, which see. 
 
 Lo'ra.* [From lo'rum, a “leathern 
 thong.”] Applied to the caulescent and 
 aphyllous part of filamentous lichens 
 and Confervas. 
 
 307 
 
LOR 
 
 LUM 
 
 liOranthaceae,* lo-ran-tha'she-e. 
 [From Loran'thus , one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous parasitical 
 plants, mostly found in the equinoctial 
 regions of Asia and America. It in- 
 cludes the Mistletoe of the Oak ( Vi a cum 
 album), well known in connection with 
 the Druidical religion. 
 
 JLor-clo'ma, a tis* [From \opdooj, to 
 “bend forwards or inwards.”] A pro- 
 jection or protuberance forwards, the 
 product or effect of lordosis. 
 
 IL.or-tlo'sis.* [From the same.] An 
 incurvation forwards; recurvation. 
 
 Lo-ri'ca.* Literally, a “coat of mail.” 
 A kind of lute with which vessels are 
 coated before they are put on the fire. 
 
 ILor'i-cate. [ILorica'tais ; from 
 lari' ca , a “coat of mail.”] Having a 
 coat of mail ; mailed. Applied to certain 
 plants and insects. 
 
 IiOr-I-ca'tion. [ILorica'tio, © 'nis ; 
 from the same.] Application of a lute 
 of clay, or other substance, to vessels 
 exposed to the fire. 
 
 Lor-I-fo'li -His.* [From lo f rum , a 
 “leathern thong,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
 Having long leaves, like thongs. 
 
 ILor'M-Iiiam.* [Diminutive of lo'rum , 
 a “leathern thong.”] Applied to the 
 thallus of filamentous or ramose lichens. 
 
 Lot. = Lo’tio .* “A lotion.” 
 
 Lo'tion. [Lo'ti©, to'nis; from la'vo, 
 lava' turn or lo'tum , to “wash.”] A medi- 
 cated fluid used as an external application 
 to a wound, bruise, sore, or swelling. 
 
 Lo'vi’s Beads. Specific Gravity 
 Beads. Hollow globes of glass, each of 
 which is a small hydrometer, sinking or 
 rising, according as the liquid in which 
 they are placed is lighter or heavier than 
 the standard. They are useful in making 
 test-acids. 
 
 Low Spir'its. See Alusia, and 
 Hypochondriasis. 
 
 Lo-we'ri Tw-lber'cii-liim.* (“Tu- 
 bercle of Lower.”) A thickening of the 
 lining membrane on the posterior wall 
 of the right auricle of the heart. 
 
 Lox'ji Band*. The Cinchona pallida, 
 or pale Peruvian bark. 
 
 Lox-aai-tbe'rtns.* [From Xopk, 
 “ oblique,” and avOnpog, an “anther.”] 
 Having oblique anthers. 
 
 Lox-ar'lSinnn^ 
 Lox-ar'tJirus.* [From Xofa, “ oblique,” 
 and apOpov, a “joint.”] The abnormal di- 
 rection of a joint, caused neither by 
 spasm nor luxation, as in the varieties of 
 Talipes , or club-foot. 
 
 li©x'I-a.* [From Aop5>*, “oblique.”] 
 308 
 
 Wry-neck, a distortion of the head 
 towards one side. 
 
 L©x-©-$y. e 'sis.* [From Ao£d$, “ob- 
 lique,” and K\)r}(ns, “pregnancy.”] An 
 oblique position of the gravid uterus. 
 
 ]Lox.opli-tlial'mos, i: or JLox-ojdi- 
 ttaal'Bims.* [From Ao£oj, “oblique,” 
 and opOaXfxos, an “eye.”] Having oblique 
 or squinting eyes. 
 
 Lox-ot'o-me,* liox-o-toini-a.- 
 
 [From Aopk, “oblique,” and rep’oj, to 
 “cut.”] An oblique section or cutting : 
 applied to a peculiar method of amputa- 
 tion: loxot'omy. 
 
 IiU bri-cat-ing. [Lu'bricans; 
 
 from lu'brico , lubrica'tum, to “make 
 slippery.”] Literally, “making slip- 
 pery,” or making smooth. Applied to 
 medicines which by their lubricating 
 effects soothe irritation in the throat, 
 fauces, etc. Also an epithet of the syno- 
 vial fluid. 
 
 La-bris'i-ty. [Lrabris'itas, n't is; 
 
 from the same.] The quality of slipperi- 
 ncss, or of lubricating. 
 
 Lu'cid In'ter-val. An interval be- 
 tween the paroxysms of insanity, during 
 which the mind is clear, and the patient 
 capable of judging like other men. 
 
 Lii-cif'w-g'MS.* [From lux, lu'cis , 
 “ light,” and fu’gio, to “ fly.”] Shunning 
 the light : lucif 'ugous. 
 
 Lai-ci-iioc'tis.* [From lux, “light,” 
 and nox, “night.”] Applied to plants 
 to which night seems like day, inas- 
 much as they open their leaves by night 
 and shut them during the day. 
 
 Lui'es.* [From \vw, to “ melt away.”] 
 A plague, or pestilence. 
 
 Lu'es Ve-ne're-a.* (“Venereal 
 Plague.”) The true venereal disease. 
 See Syphilis. 
 
 Lm'jgol’s' So-lu'tions. Preparations 
 of iodine and iodide of potassium of 
 various strengths, employed as caustics, 
 rubefacient’s, and stimulants. 
 
 ILjiirm-ba'g*©, g'inis.% [From lund bus, 
 the “loins.”] A rheumatic affection of 
 the muscles about the loins. 
 
 Laiambaliis. Sec Lumbar. 
 
 Laim'bar. [Lumba'ris; from him 
 bus, the “loins.”] Belonging to the 
 loins. 
 
 LaBBi'bar Ab'scess. An abscess 
 occurring in the lumbar region ; called 
 also Psoas abscess. 
 
 Liim'bi,** gen. Ltira-bo'rtiiri. [The 
 plural of LaiBia'bus.] (Fr. Lombes, ltaib.) 
 The loins, forming the posterior wall of 
 the abdomen, between the base of the 
 chest and the pelvis, and comprising por- 
 
LUM 
 
 LYC 
 
 tions of the longissimus dorsi, the latissi- 
 mns dor si, the quadratic lumborum, and 
 several other muscles. 
 
 liiini'bri-cal. [Lwmbrica'lis, 
 
 plural fLiinubrica'les; from lumbri'cus, 
 the “ earth-worm.”] Resembling the 
 earth-worm. 
 
 Eum-bri-ca'les.* The name of four 
 muscles of the hand and foot, so called 
 from their resemblance to the earth- 
 worm. 
 
 LuBubricodcs. See Lumbricotdes. 
 
 liMim-brl-co-i'des.* [From lumbri’- 
 cns, the “earth-worm,” also the long 
 round worm found in the intestines, 
 and eifos, a “form.”] Resembling the 
 lumbricus ; lumbricoid. 
 
 Lum-bri cms. ;;: The common earth- 
 worm ; also, the long round worm found 
 in the intestines of man. 
 
 LuBHbri'cus Ter-res'tris.* The 
 earth-worm. 
 
 LuBnbus. See Lumbi. 
 
 Lu'Bm-iBous. [JLuflimiBBo'sus; from 
 In' men, lu' minis, “light.”] Emitting 
 light; shining; full of light. 
 
 Lu'na.* (Fr. Lune, liin.) The moon; 
 also the alchemical name of silver. 
 
 Lai'Eia-cy. [From lu’na, the “ moon ;” 
 from its supposed influence.] Insanity, 
 but specially that in which there are 
 lucid intervals. See Insanity. 
 
 Lu'nar. [LBiBna'ris; from lu'na, 
 the “moon,” also the “goddess Diana.”] 
 Pertaining to the moon, and, hence, to 
 silver (of which the moon was the alche- 
 mical symbol). Applied to a bone of 
 the carpus, from its shape. 
 
 liii'niar Caws'lic. The nitrate of 
 silver ( Nitras argenti) : one of the most 
 convenient and useful of all caustic ap- 
 plications. It also forms the principal 
 ingredient of indelible ink. 
 
 Lu-Bnar-i-fo'li-us.* [From luna'ris, 
 “lunar,” and /o' lium, a “leaf.”] Having 
 orbicular leaves. 
 
 Lu'nate. [Ltina'tus ; from lu'na, 
 the “moon.”] Crescent-shaped, or hav- 
 ing the form of a half-moon. 
 
 Lu'ma-tic. [Lunat.'icns; from lu'- 
 na, the “moon.”] Pertaining to, or af- 
 fected with, lunacy. 
 
 Luaies, liin. [The plural of lune, 
 “moon,” or “month.”] A French term 
 for the Menses, which see. 
 
 LuiBgs. [Lat. Pul'mo, Fr. 
 
 Poumons, poo'mbN 6 '.] The organs of 
 respiration, occupying the thorax, or 
 chest. 
 
 Lu'nu-lar, or Lu'nu-Iate. [Lann> 
 la ris, or Lunula'tus ; from lu'nula, 
 27 
 
 a “lunule.”] Belonging to a little half- 
 moon, or crescent. 
 
 Lu'nule. [Lunula; diminutive of 
 lu’na, the “moon.”] The crescentic 
 white mark near the root of the nails of 
 certain fingers. 
 
 Lu'pi-a.* [From \vneo), to “molest”?] 
 A malignant, corroding, and fatal ulcer. 
 (See Lupus.) Sometimes applied to a 
 soft, spongy, fungous tumor in the knee 
 and elbow joints; also, to a species of wen. 
 A genus of the order Tumores, class Lo- 
 cales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Lu-pi-bbu'sbbs.* [From lupi’nus, the 
 “lupin.”] Having lupins: lupinose. 
 Applied to a disease of the skin, the Por- 
 rigo lupinosa. 
 
 Lu pu-lin, or Lu'pu-llBie. [Lupu- 
 li iia.J A fine, yellow powder, obtained 
 from the hop, or floral leaves of Humulus 
 lupulus, being the peculiar principle on 
 which its virtues depend. 
 
 Lu-pu-li'na.* Lupulin. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (TJ.S. Ph.) for the yel- 
 low powder attached to the strobiles of 
 the Humulus lupulus. 
 
 Lu'pu-lus.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Br. Ph.) of hops, or the strobiles 
 of Humulus lupulus. 
 
 Lupus. (A “Wolf;” so named from 
 its destructiveness.) A corroding disease 
 like cancer; also, the disease Noli me 
 tangere, and other slow tubercular affec- 
 tions, especially about the face. 
 
 Lu'pus Ex' e-dens. * (“Corroding 
 Lupus.”) The same as Noli me Tan- 
 gere. 
 
 Lus'^I-tas, a ’iis.% [From lus'eus , 
 “blind of one eye.”] An affection in 
 which an eye is turned to one or other 
 side, as in strabismus, the other being 
 unaffected. 
 
 Eu'sus Xa-tu'rje.* Literally, a 
 “sport or freak of nature.” Another 
 term for a monstrosity, or Monster, 
 which see. 
 
 Lute. [From lu’tum, “clay;” Fr. Lut, 
 lilt.] A composition for closing the junc- 
 tures of vessels, to prevent the escape of 
 gas or vapor in distillation. 
 
 Lux-a'tioiB. [Luxa'tio, o'nis; from 
 lux'o, luxa'tum, to “dislocate.”] A 
 dislocation of a bone. A genus of the 
 order Ectopise, class Locales, of Cullen's 
 Nosology. 
 
 Ey -eain'tlBro-py. [Lyeantliro'pia ; 
 
 from \vxo$, a “wolf,” and avQpumo;, a 
 “man.”] A species of insanity in which 
 the patient believes himself to be a 
 wolf. 
 
 Ly-co-ma'ni-a.* [From X vkos, a 
 309 
 
LYC 
 
 LYT 
 
 “wolf/* and pavia, “madness.”] The 
 same as Lycanthropy, which see. 
 
 Iiyco3>odiacea?,^li-ko-po'de-a'she-e. 
 A natural order of cryptogamic, moss- 
 like plants, which abound in humid 
 places in the tropics. It includes the 
 Lycopodium, a violent cathartic. 
 
 I^y-co-po'clI-uin.* The name ap- 
 plied to the sporules of the Lycopodium 
 clavatnm , and of other species of Lyco- 
 podium. It has been placed on the 
 primary list of the Materia Medica of 
 the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
 
 lyc'o-pns.* Bugle-weed. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
 of the Ly copus Virginicus. 
 
 I.y-eo-rex'1-a.* [From \vKog, a “wolf,” 
 and dpetig, “hunger.”] The same as Bu- 
 limia, which see. 
 
 l«ye. [ILix, U'cis.] A solution of 
 the alkaU of ashes in water. 
 
 Lymph. [Lym'pha ; from Ni vp1>n, 
 a goddess presiding over fountains.] 
 Primarily, “ water.” Applied to the 
 colorless, transparent liquid in the lym- 
 phatic vessels. 
 
 JLy in'pSia-clen, en is* [From lym'pha, 
 “lymph,” and a6i]v, a “gland.”] A lym- 
 phatic gland. 
 
 Lym-pEia^cle-iii'tis, irtbV- [From 
 lym'phaden .] Inflammation of a lym- 
 phatic gland. 
 
 Lym-phan-ge-itis^orLym-phan- 
 
 gl-i'tis, id is.* [From hymphanyi' on, or 
 lymphanye’on, a “ lymphatic vessel.”] 
 Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel. 
 
 Lym-3»han-ge'oii. :; The same as 
 Lymphangion, which see. 
 
 Ijym-pfiaii-£i-o-g;ra'pM-a.* [From 
 lymphangi' on, a “ lymphatic vessel,” and 
 ypaupcj, to “write.”] A description of the 
 lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Lym-phan-gi-odo'gi-a.^ [From 
 
 lymphangi' on, a “lymphatic vessel,” and 
 Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
 lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Lyin-phan-gi'on/ : or Xbym-pliaii- 
 fc i'u ail.- [From lym'pha , “water,” or 
 “lymph,” and dyyeior, a “vessel.”] A 
 term for a lymphatic vessel. 
 
 L.y m-pliaii-g'B-o-to ' in i-a. : - [From 
 lymphangi' on, a “lymphatic vessel,” and 
 Tcpvoj, to “cut.”] Dissection of the lym- 
 phatic vessels. 
 
 Lym-phatic. [Lymptiat'lcus ; 
 
 from lym'pha, “ water,” or “ lymph.”] Ap- 
 plied to vessels conveying lymph, forming 
 with the lacteal vessels the absorbent sys- 
 tem of the animal economy. Applied in 
 Botany to analogous vessels containing 
 sap or watery juices, slightly elaborated. 
 
 310 
 
 lijTnphat'ic Glands (or Gangli- 
 ons). The glands of the absorbent or 
 lymphatic system. Also called Conglo- 
 bate Glands. 
 
 Lymphatic Sys tem. [Syste'ma 
 Lymphat’icuni.] A collective term, 
 comprising the lymphatic glands, or 
 ganglions, and the lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Lymptiat'ics, or Lymphatic Ves'- 
 sels. [Lymphangi'a, or Va'sa Lym- 
 pliat'ica.] See Lymphatic. 
 
 Lym>pficii-te-ri'tis, i dis* [From 
 lym'pha , “lymph,” and entcri' fas.] Serous 
 enteritis. 
 
 Lym-phefi-rys'ma, a x is.% [From 
 lym'pha , “lymph,” and cvpvwo, to “di- 
 late.”] A morbid dilatation of the lym- 
 phatic vessels. 
 
 Ljfm>pho'sis. $ [From lym'pha , 
 “lymph.”] A term for the formation or 
 elaboration of lymph. 
 
 Lymphotomia. See Lymphangio- 
 tomia. 
 
 Lyp-o-th y in ' 1 -a. : - [From \vtttj, “ sad- 
 ness,” and OvpLog, the “mind.”] Mental 
 grief, or affliction. 
 
 Ly'ra.* [Gr. \vpa, a “lyre.”] An ap- 
 pearance on the inferior surface of the 
 F or nix cerebri, like the strings of a harp ; 
 also termed Corpus psalloides. See Psal- 
 loides. 
 
 Ly'rate. [Lyra'tns; from ly'ra, a 
 “lyre.”] Formed like a lyre. 
 
 Lyr-i-for'mis.* [From ly'ra, a 
 “lyre.”] Formed like a lyre, as the 
 leaves of the Arabis lyriforma. 
 
 Lys-i-ma'ctii-av* the plural of Lysi- 
 mach'ia , forming the Jussieuan name of 
 a natural order of plants. See Primu- 
 LACEA3. 
 
 Lys'sa.* [Gr. Xuaua, “rage,” or “mad- 
 ness.”] A term for rabies; rage, or mad- 
 ness. Usually applied to Hydrophobia, 
 which see. 
 
 Lys'si-cns.* Belonging .to hydro- 
 phobia : hydrophobic. 
 
 Lys'sin. [Lyssina; from lys'sa, 
 “madness.”] A term for the zymotic 
 principle of hydrophobia. 
 
 Lys-so-i'(lieA. ? ' [From lys'sa, “mad- 
 ness,” and eldog, a “form.”] Resembling 
 rabies, rage, or madness. 
 
 Lythracesc,* lith-ra'shc-e. A natu- 
 ral order of exogenous plants, mostly 
 herbaceous, found in Europe, America, 
 etc. It includes Ly'thrum Safica'ria , 
 which yields an astringent medicine. 
 
 Lyt'ta.^ [From A »rruw, to “ragc.”j 
 A genus of insects. 
 
 Lyt'Ui Ves-l-Cfl^to'rl-a.* The blis- 
 tering fly. See Cantharis. 
 
MAC 
 
 MAD 
 
 M. 
 
 M. = fifonip'nlus;* a “handful;” or, 
 at the end of a formula, fitis'ce ,* mix ;” 
 also, fifensu'rd ,* “by measure ;” and 
 filin' imum,* a “ minim/’ 
 
 Mac. = fifa'cerur* “ Macerate.’’ 
 
 Mace. A thin, flat, membranous sub- 
 stance which envelops the nutmeg. See 
 Macis, and Nutmeg. 
 
 Ma$-e-ra'tion. [Macera'tio, o 'nis; 
 from ma'cero , mar-era' turn, to “make soft 
 by steeping.”] The process of steeping 
 or infusing a substance in water, with 
 or without heat, to extract its virtues. 
 
 Macies,* ma'she-ez. Wasting, atro- 
 phy, or emaciation. 
 
 Ma'cis.* Mace. The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the aril of the fruit 
 of the filyris' tica fra' grans. 
 
 Mac-ran'thus.* [From paxpog, “ long,” 
 or “ great,” and drOo g, a “ flower.”] Hav- 
 ing large flowers. 
 
 Mac-ro-bi-o'sis,* cr Mac-ro-bi-o'- 
 
 tes, e'tis.* [From paxpog, “long,” or 
 “great,” and fi.og, “life.”] Long life; 
 longevity. 
 
 Mac-ro-bi-ot'ic. [Macrobiot'icns.] 
 
 Belonging to macrobiosis. 
 
 Mac-ro-ba-ot/i-ca.* [From the same.] 
 The art or system of instructions for 
 attaining long life. 
 
 Mac-ro-car'pus.* [From paxp6g, 
 “long,” or “great,” and xapirog, “fruit.”] 
 Having large fruit : maerocar'pous. 
 
 Mac-ro-£e-]j»Sia'li-a.* [From paxpdg, 
 “long,” or “great,” and xe<pa\ri, the 
 “head.”] A genus of organic deviations 
 characterized by excessive size of the 
 head. 
 
 Mac-ro-$epli'a-lous. [Macro- 
 cepli'alus; from the same.] Having 
 a large head. 
 
 Mac'ro-cosm. [Macrocos'imis ? 
 
 from paxpog, “long,” or “great,” and 
 xoapog, a “world.”] The greater world, 
 as distinguished from Microcosm, the 
 smaller, or man. 
 
 Mac-ro-cos'ma-ciis.* Belonging to 
 the macrocosm. 
 
 Mac-ro-me'll-a.* [From paxpog, 
 “long,” or “great,” and pz\og, a “mem- 
 ber.”] A class of monsters characterized 
 by excessive development of some mem- 
 ber. 
 
 Mac-ro-pbyl'lous. [Macrophyl'- 
 
 lus; from paxpog, “long,” or “great,” and 
 $v\\ov, a “leaf.”] Having large leaves. 
 
 Mac-rop'i-per, eri«.* [From paxpog, 
 
 “ long,” or “ great,” and ncnepi, " pepper.”] 
 The Pijyer longum. 
 
 Ma-crop'ter-iis.* [From paxpog, 
 “ long,” or “ great,” and nrepor, a “ wing.”] 
 Applied to seeds having wings of unusual 
 length. 
 
 Mac-ros-^e'li-a.* [From paxpdg, 
 “long,” or “great,” and axeXog, a ‘Meg.”] 
 A genus of organic deviations character- 
 ized by excessive development of the 
 legs. 
 
 Mac-ro'sl-a,* or Mac-ro'sls.* [From 
 paxpog, “long,” or “great.”] Increase of 
 bulk, or length ; augmentation ; elon- 
 gation. 
 
 M ac rosom a t ia,* m a k - r o - s o - m a' - 
 she-a. [From paxpog, “ long,” or “ great,” 
 and adopa, a “body.”] Applied to mon- 
 sters characterized by the greatness of 
 the entire body. 
 
 Mac-ro-sta'-chy-ws.* [From paxpog, 
 “long,” or “great,” and araxig, an “car 
 of corn.”] Having flowers disposed in 
 long .and thick spikes, or ears. 
 
 Mac-ro-sty'Ius.* [From paxpdg, 
 “ long,” or “ great,” and arvXog, a “ style.”] 
 Having a very long style, as the Unions 
 macrostylus. 
 
 Mac'u-la, :: plural Mac'u-Ia?. Lite- 
 rally, a “ spot,” or “ stain.” Applied to 
 a dark spot on the sun’s surface, or to a 
 permanent spot or stain cn some part of 
 the skin, unconnected with disorder of 
 the constitution. 
 
 Macula Matri'cis.* (“Spot of, or 
 from, the Mother.”) See Nasvus Ma- 
 ternus. 
 
 Mac'u-Ise,* the plural of Macula, 
 which see. 
 
 Mac'u-lar. [Macula'rSs.] Belong- 
 ing to maculae ; resembling maculae. 
 
 Mac'u-late. [Macula'tus.] Having 
 
 maculae. 
 
 Mac-u-li-fibr'inis.* [From mac'ula , 
 a “spot.”] Having spots, or stains. 
 
 Mac-u-lose', or Mac'u-lous. [Mac- 
 wlo'siis; from mac'ula , a “spot.”] 
 Full of spots; spotted. 
 
 Matlar. See Mudar. 
 
 Mail-a-ro'sis.* [From pa6apog,“ bald.”] 
 Loss of hair, particularly of the eye- 
 brows or eyelashes. 
 
 Mad'cler. The Rubia tinctorum. 
 
 Mail-e-fac ' tioia . [Madefac'tio, 
 o' nis; from madefa'cio , mndefac'tum , 
 to “make wet.”] The act of wetting. 
 
 Mailjoun, ma-joon', written also 
 311 
 
MAD 
 
 MAG 
 
 Martjoiiiul. An intoxicating prepa- 
 ration composed of powdered hemp and 
 honey, and used by the Turks and Alge- 
 rines. 
 
 Madness. See Insanity, Lunacy, 
 and Mania. 
 
 Madness, Canine. See Hydropho- 
 bia. 
 
 Mad' re-pore. [Fr. madre, “ speck- 
 led,” or “spotted,” and pore, a “pore.”] 
 A genus of corals, or zoophytes, having 
 stems shaped like trees. 
 
 Mag-el-lan'ic Clouds. [Named 
 from Magel'lan, a strait not very far 
 from the south pole.] Two whitish spots 
 in the heavens, near the south pole, 
 composed of nebulae, or clusters of fixed 
 stars. 
 
 Ma-gen'ta. A beautiful crimson dye 
 obtained from aniline. 
 
 Mag'is-ter-y. [From nwgis'ter , a 
 “ master.”] A term formerly applied to 
 almost all precipitates supposed to be 
 subtle and masterly preparations. 
 
 Ma-gis trail. [Mag’istra'lis ; from 
 magis'ter , a “master.”] Applied to 
 medicines prescribed for the occasion, by 
 a competent person, in distinction from 
 such as are officinal, or kept prepared in 
 the shops. As the latter are prepared 
 according to a certain formula, an intelli- 
 gent apprentice is generally equal to the 
 task ; but the knowledge of a master is 
 needed to give directions for an original 
 preparation. 
 
 Ma^'ma, a '?$.* [Gr. fiay/ta, “any 
 kneaded mass.”] Dregs; sediment; a 
 squeezed mass of a certain consistence. 
 
 Mag'nes,* gen. Mag-ne'tis. The 
 same as Magnet, which see. 
 
 Mag'nes Ar-sen-I-ca'lis.* A corro- 
 sive preparation of equal parts of sul- 
 phur, white arsenic, and common anti- 
 mony, mixed by fusion. 
 
 Magnesia,*' img-ne'zhe-a. [From 
 Magnesia, a district of Lydia, where the 
 earth was originally obtained.] One of 
 the primitive alkaline earths; an oxide 
 of magnesium. 
 
 Magne'sia ITs'ta.* [“Burnt Magne- 
 sia.”) Calcined magnesia. 
 
 Magne'sisc (mag-ne'zhc-e) Car-bo'- 
 nas.* (“Carbonate of Magnesia.”) A 
 white substance, occurring in powder or 
 pulverulent masses, wholly dissolved by 
 dilute sulphuric acid. 
 
 Magne'slse Sul'plias.* (“ Sulphate 
 of Magnesia.”) A substance occurring in 
 colorless crystals, which slowly effloresce 
 on exposure to tho air, and arc very 
 soluble in water. The sulphate of mag- 
 312 
 
 nesia, popularly known as Epsom salts, is 
 one of the most valuable of all the saline 
 cathartics. It is especially adapted to 
 cases where it is desirable to combine a 
 refrigerant with a mild and safe purga- 
 tive. 
 
 Mag-ne'siait. [M agnosia 'mis ; 
 
 from magne'sia.] Belonging to magnesia; 
 containing magnesia. Applied to a group 
 of rocks. 
 
 Magnesium,* mag-ne'zhe-um. The 
 metallic base of magnesia. 
 
 Mng'net. [Lat. Mag'nes, ne'fi*/ 
 Gr. payvrjq ; Fr. Aimant, A'moN®', or Pierre 
 c/’A/wma^pe-eR'dAmoN 0 '.] Loadstone; a 
 native oxide of iron which attracts iron. 
 (See Loadstone.) More usually applied, 
 however, to a bar of steel or iron to 
 which the magnetic property has been 
 imparted. 
 
 Mag-net' ic. [Magnet'icus.] Be- 
 longing to the magnet. 
 
 Magnet-ism. [Magnetis'mns; 
 
 from [tayrris, a “ magnet.”] The property 
 of attraction, or repulsion, possessed by 
 the loadstone. The science which inves- 
 tigates the phenomena presented by 
 natural and artificial magnets, and the 
 laws by which they are connected. 
 
 Magnetism, Animal. See Mes- 
 merism. 
 
 Mag-net-ol'o-gy. [Magnetolo'gia ; 
 
 from nayvris, a “magnet,” and \6yoq, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on the magnet 
 and magnetism ; the science of magnet- 
 ism. 
 
 Mag-net-om'e-ter. [Magnetom'e- 
 trum; from payvrjq, a “magnet,” and 
 fit-poy, a “measure.”] An apparatus for 
 ascertaining the force with which the 
 magnet attracts iron in different places. 
 
 Mag-no'Ii-a.* (Fr. Magnolicr, mUg'- 
 no'le-A.) A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Pobjandria, natural order Mag- 
 noliacese ; also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for tho bark of Magno'lia 
 glan'ca, Magno' lia acumina’ta, and Mag- 
 no'lia tripct'ala. This bark is a mild 
 aromatic tonic, and has been employed 
 with success as a remedy in intermittent 
 fevers. 
 
 Magnoliaecav* mag-no-lc-a'she-e, 
 or Mag-no'Il-av* A natural order of 
 exogenous trees and shrubs, natives of 
 the tropical and temperate parts of Ame- 
 rica and Asia. It includes the Magnolia, 
 the Tulip-tree, and other trees of great 
 beauty. Many species .arc valuable as 
 tonics. 
 
 Mag-iio-ll-a'eeous. [Magnolia'- 
 
 ceus.J Resembling the Magnolia. 
 
MAG 
 
 MAL 
 
 Mag-no'li-je,* the plural of Mag- 
 nolia, forming the Jussieuan name of a 
 natural order of plants. See Magno- 
 
 LIACEA3. 
 
 Ma-hoga-ny. The wood of the 
 Swiete'nia Mahay' oni, or Maliogany-tree, 
 the bark of which is used as a substitute 
 for Peruvian bark, though it is inferior. 
 
 Main, maN<>. The French term for 
 Hand, which see. 
 
 Maize. A common name for the Zea 
 may*, or Indian-corn plant. 
 
 Ma-jor-a'na.* The plant marjoram ; 
 also spelled Marjorana . See Origanum 
 
 V ULGARE. 
 
 Majora'na Sy-ri'a-ca.^ A name 
 for the Teu'crium ma'rum , or Syrian herb 
 mastich. 
 
 Ma'la.* [Contraction of maxll'la, 
 the “jaw”?] The prominent part of the 
 cheek, or cheek-ball. 
 
 Malacia,* ma-la'she-a. [From na- 
 Xa^of, “effeminate.”] Literally, “soft- 
 ness,” “luxury,” or “effeminacy.” De- 
 praved or fanciful appetite, as in chloro- 
 sis, pregnancy, etc. So called, it would 
 seem, because effeminate or luxurious 
 habits often create capricious desires. 
 
 Mal-a-col'o-gy- [From yaXuiaa, the 
 Aristotelian name of Mollusca, and \6yog, 
 a “ discourse.”] The science which 
 treats of the Mollusca, which Cuvier 
 divided into six classes, Ceplialop' oda, 
 Pterop'oda, Gasterop'oda, Acephfala , 
 Brachiop' oda, and Cirrop' oda. A notice 
 of these will be found under their re- 
 spective heads. See Mollusca. 
 
 Mal-a-co'ma, at is.* [From na\a<6u), 
 to “soften.”] A softening of a part, as 
 of the brain, kidneys, bones, etc. 
 
 Mal-a-co-plfiyl'lus.* [From ydXaKog, 
 “ soft,” and <pv\\ov, a “ leaf.”] Having 
 leaves soft to the touch. 
 
 Mal-a-co'sis.* [From / iciXtiKou , to 
 “soften.”] The progress of malacoma. 
 
 Mal-a-cos'te-on.* [From yaKaKog, 
 “soft,” and oerriov, a “bone.”] Softness 
 of the bones. 
 
 Mal-a-co-zo-o-lo'gi-a.* [From fxa\a- 
 KOg, “soft,” (,(oov, an “animal,” and \6yog, 
 a “discourse.”] A treatise on Mollusca. 
 
 Mal-a-co-z©'on.* [From yaXaidig, 
 “soft,” and $dov, an “animal.”] The 
 same as Molluscum. 
 
 Mal-ac-tin'I-a.* [From yaXaKog, 
 “soft,” and d/rnV, a “ray,” “radius.”] 
 The same as Acalejiha. See Acale- 
 phus. 
 
 Maladie, m&T&'de'. The French 
 term for Disease, which see. 
 
 Maladie du Pays, mAlaW dii pA<P. 
 
 27 * 
 
 A common French term for Nostalgia. 
 
 Ma-lag ma, a tis.* [From ya\aaa^, to 
 “ soften. ”J See Cataplasma. 
 
 Malaise (Fr.), m&'lez', or mAliz'. 
 [From mal, “ ill,” and aise, “ ease.”] Dis- 
 comfort or uneasiness. 
 
 Ma-lam'bo Bark, or Matias Bark. 
 The bark of a tree found in Colombia, 
 and used as a substitute for cinchona. 
 
 Malar. [Mala'ris; from ma'la, the 
 “cheek.”] Belonging to the cheek-bone. 
 
 Ma-la'ri-a.* [From the Italian ma'la , 
 “bad,” and a'ria , “air.”] A term for 
 marsh miasmata, or infectious effluvia 
 from decayed animal or vegetable matter. 
 
 Ma-la'ri-al, or Ma-la'ri-ous. Be- 
 longing to, or caused by, malaria. 
 
 Mal'ate. [Ma'las, a'ft's.] A combi- 
 nation of malic acid with a base. 
 
 Male Fern. See Aspidium Filix Mas. 
 Maleslaerbiaceav* mal-zer-be-a'- 
 she-e. [From Malesherbia, one of the 
 genera.] A small natural order of exo- 
 genous plants, found in Chili and Peru. 
 
 Mal-lor-ina'tion. A deviation from 
 the natural or proper form of an organ. 
 
 Mal'ic. [Mal'ieus: from ma'lum , 
 an “ apple.”] Belonging to an apple. 
 Applied to an acid obtained from the 
 juice of apples, and other fruits. 
 
 Mal'ice Pre-pense'. [Fr. malice, 
 “ill will,” pre, “before,” and penscr, to 
 “think.”] Premeditated ill will; in legal 
 phrase, “malice aforethought .” 
 
 Mal-i-for'mis.* [From ma'lum, an 
 “apple.”] Having the form of an apple. 
 
 Ma-lig'nant. [Malig'nus; from 
 ma'lus, “evil.”] (Fr. Malin, n:AluN c '.) 
 Applied to diseases that endanger life, 
 more especially to such as are charac- 
 terized by their violence or atrocity, so to 
 speak (as cancer, the plague, etc.), and 
 by their rapid progress to a fatal termi- 
 nation. 
 
 Malin. See Malignant. 
 
 Ma-lim'ger-er. [From the French 
 Malinyre, “ sickly.”] One who simulates 
 or feigns disease, to avoid labor or pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 Ma'lis.* [Gr. yaXig, a “cutaneous dis- 
 ease.”] A Greek term, according to Dr. 
 Good, for cutaneous vermination, or the 
 skin being infested with animalcules. 
 
 Ma'lis Fi-la'ri-ae.* (“ Skein-W orm.”) 
 See Guinea-Worm. 
 
 Mal-le-a-bil 'I-ty. [Malleabil 'itas, 
 o' tis; from mal'ieus, a “hammer,” or 
 “mallet.”] The property possessed by 
 certain metals of being beaten into form 
 without cracking. 
 
 Mal-le-a'tion. [Mallea'tio, o' iris; 
 
 313 
 
MAL 
 
 MAM 
 
 from mal'leut, a “hammer,” or “mal- 
 let.”] A specie? of Chorea , in which 
 the hands convulsively act in striking on 
 the knees, as if with a hammer. 
 
 Mal-le'o-lar. [From malle'olus, a 
 “ little hammer.”] A term applied to two 
 branches of the posterior tibial artery. 
 
 Mal-le'o-lus.* [Diminutive of vial' - 
 leus, a “hammer.”] Applied to the pro- 
 jections of bone on the tibia and fibula, 
 forming the inner and outer ankles. 
 
 Mal'le-us.* (“A Hammer.”) One of the 
 small bones of the internal ear; named 
 from its resemblance to a hammer. 
 
 Mal-lo-coc'cus.* [From yaWog, a 
 “ fleece,” and kokkos, a “berry.”] Having 
 hairy fruit. 
 
 Hal low. The Malva sylvestris. 
 
 Malpighiacese,* mal-pe-ge-a'she-e. 
 [From Malpi' ghia, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, nearly all of which are tropical. 
 Many of them have beautiful flowers. 
 
 Malpi'g’liian (mal-pee'ge-an) J5od'- 
 ies. [Corpora Malpighi.] Ap- 
 plied to small bodies or corpuscles found 
 in the kidney : also to certain white cor- 
 puscles found in the spleen, similar in 
 structure to the follicles of the lymphatic 
 glands. 
 
 Malpi'g-liii (mal-pee'ge-e) Re'te.* 
 The Rete muco'sum of the negro, first 
 pointed out by Malpighi. 
 
 Malt. Barley which has been pre- 
 pared for the manufacture of beer by' in- 
 cipient germination. 
 
 Ma'lus Med'I-ca.* The same as Cit- 
 rus Medica, which see. 
 
 Mal va. 5 [From ya\dxn, “ softness.”] 
 A Linnsean genus of the class Monadel- 
 phia, natural order Malvaceae. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. and Ed. 
 Ph.) of the Malva sylvestris. 
 
 Mal'va Syl-ves'tris.* The com- 
 mon mallow-plant. 
 
 Malvaceae,* mal-va'she-e. A natu- 
 ral order of exogenous plants, which 
 abound in tropical and temperate re- 
 gions. It includes the Malva (Mallow), 
 Hibiscus, and Gossypium, the true cotton- 
 plant. The uniform character of the 
 order is to abound in mucilage, which 
 is used as a demulcent or emollieut. 
 
 Mamelle. See Mamma. 
 
 Mamelon, m&,nT16N Q \ See Nipple. 
 
 Mam 'ilia,* plural Mam'ma*. [From 
 the “ instinctive cry of an infant.”] 
 (Fr. Mamelle, m&'mell'.) The breast; an 
 organ forming, in the human female, a 
 globular projection on each side of tho 
 thorax; being the scat of the lactiferous 
 314 
 
 (or milk-producing) glands. Applied 
 also to the corresponding part of all 
 animals that suckle their young. 
 
 Maminaire. See Mammary. 
 
 Mammal. [Mamma'lis ; from 
 mam'ma, a “ breast.”] Having breasts, 
 or teats. Applied to a class of animals. 
 See Mammalia. 
 
 Mam-ma'li-a,* or Mam'mals. [Ths 
 
 plural neuter of mamma'lis, “having 
 breasts, or teats.” See Mamma.] The 
 most highly organized class of the ani- 
 mal kingdom, constituting the first or 
 highest section of Cuvier’s grand divi- 
 sion Vertebrata. They possess mammary 
 glands, and suckle their young. A great 
 majority of them are four-footed and are 
 covered with hair. The Cetaceans instead 
 of four feet have corresponding or analo- 
 gous fins. One of the principal ana- 
 tomical characteristics of the Mammalia 
 is the condition of the lungs, which aro 
 suspended freely in a thoracic cavity and 
 separated from the abdomen by a perfect 
 diaphragm. 
 
 Mam-mal'©-gy. [Mammal© 'gia.] 
 
 A treatise on Mammalia; the science 
 which treats of mammiferous animals. 
 
 Mam'ma-rjf. [Mamma'rius; from 
 mam'ma, a “breast.”] (Fr. Mammaire, 
 m&m'meR'.) Belonging to the mamma , 
 or female breast. 
 
 Mammary Gland. The organ 
 which secretes the milk ; a gland placed 
 beneath the adipose layer of the mamma. 
 
 Mam-ma'tus.* Having mammae, or 
 breasts : mammate. 
 
 Mam-mif'er-us.* [From mam'ma, 
 the “breast,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Having breasts, or teats. Applied in the 
 plural neuter ( Mammi/'era ) to a class of 
 animals, the same as Mammalia. 
 
 Mam mi-form. [Mammifor'mis; 
 from mam'ma, the “breast.”] Having 
 the form of the breast. 
 
 Mam-mil 'la,* plural Mam-mil'lae. 
 [Diminutive of mam'ma, the “breast.”] 
 A little breast: a nipple. Also applied 
 to the male breast. See Nipple. 
 
 Mam'mil-la-ry. [Mammilla'ris; 
 from mammil'la, a “nipple.”] Be- 
 longing to the nipple, or resembling a 
 nipple or small breast. 
 
 Mam'mil-late. [Mammilla I us.] 
 Having mammil'lsr, or nipples. In Bot- 
 any, bearing little prominences on tho 
 surface. 
 
 Mam-mil-Ba'tion. [Mammilla'! io. 
 
 o'liis; from mammil'la, a “nipple.”] 
 Applied to the appearances of little prom- 
 inences like granulation* on a mucous 
 
MAM 
 
 MAN 
 
 surface, as of the stomach sometimes in 
 phthisis, etc. 
 
 Mam-niil-lif 'er-us. :;: ' [From mam- 
 mil' la, a “ nipple/’ and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
 Bearing mammillae,, or something resem- 
 bling them. 
 
 Mam-mil-li-for'mis.* [From mam- 
 mil' la, a “ nipple.”] Having the form 
 of mammillae : mammilliform. 
 
 Mam-mil-lo'sus.*' [From mammiV- 
 la , a “nipple.”] Having mammillae, or 
 prominent tubercles. 
 
 Mam mose. [Mammo'sws ; from 
 viam'mo, the “ breast.”] Having breasts, 
 or prominences like breasts. 
 
 Mani'oiioih. A word of Tartar ori- 
 gin, applied in Siberia to burrowing 
 animals. It is usually applied to an 
 extinct species of elephant, the EUephas 
 primige'nius. An entire animal of this 
 species has been found in Siberia, with 
 the soft parts preserved in the ice. 
 
 Mam'mu-la.* [Diminutive of mam'- 
 ma, the “breast.”] Applied to tbe 
 swollen conceptacles on the ihallm of 
 certain lichens. 
 
 Man. = J lanip'tdus* “A handful.” 
 
 Man. [Homo, Hom ing.] In 
 
 general, a human being, classed with 
 mammiferous animals, and constituting 
 the sole genus of the order Bimana of 
 the Mammalia. Man (Latin, Vir), in a 
 restricted sense, denotes the male of the 
 human species. 
 
 Ma-na'tus.* [From ma'nus, a “ hand ;” 
 so called in allusion to its hand-like 
 fins.] A genus of herbivorous Cetaceans, 
 including the species usually called the 
 sea-cow. 
 
 Man-clii-neel', or Man-chl-neal'. 
 
 The Hippom' ane MancineU la, a poison- 
 ous tree of South America. With its 
 juice the aborigines poison their arrows. 
 
 Man'di-ble. [Mandib'ula, or 
 Mandib'uluni; from man' do, to 
 “chew.”] Applied in the plural to the 
 anterior or superior pair of jaws in cer- 
 tain insects; also to the jaws of birds. 
 
 Man'dible. [Mandib'nla ; from 
 the same.] A name for the lower jaw 
 ( maxilla inferior). 
 
 Man-dib'u-lai*. [Mandibula'ris ; 
 
 from man dib' ula, a “mandible.”] Be- 
 longing to a mandible, or the lower jaw. 
 
 Maaa-dib-u-la'ta,* or Man-dib'u- 
 latcs. [From mandil/u/a, a “jaw.”] 
 A grand section of insects, including all 
 those which preserve their organs of 
 mastication in their last or perfect stage 
 of metamorphosis. 
 
 Man-dib'u-li-form. [Mandibuli- 
 
 for'mis; from mandib' ula, a “mandi- 
 ble.”] Applied to the jaws of insects 
 when hard and horny. 
 
 Mandioc. See Jatropha Manihot. 
 
 Man-drag'o-ra.* The narcotic plant 
 At) opa Mandragora, or mandrake. 
 
 Mandrake. See Mandragora. 
 
 Man-du-ea'tion. [Manduca'tio, 
 o 'nis; from mandu'eo, manduca' turn , to 
 “chew.”] The same as Mastication, 
 which see. 
 
 Man'ga-nate. [Man 'gait as. a'f/*.] 
 A combination of manganic acid and a 
 base. 
 
 Man'ga-flicse. [Mangane'sium.] 
 
 A peculiar metallic substance, which is 
 gray, hard, brittle, and very difficult of 
 fusion. In its metallic form it has not 
 been applied to any use. The specific 
 gravity is about 8. 
 
 Man-gsi-ne'sdc. [Manganes'icus ; 
 
 from many ane’ slum J] Applied to an acid 
 obtained from manganese. 
 
 Mangaite'sii (man-ga-ne'she-i) Ox'i- 
 duns Ni grum.* (“Black Oxide of Man- 
 ganese.”) The name applied to the native 
 impure deutoxide of mauganese in pow- 
 der. This substance has bv en placed on 
 the primary list of the Materia Medica 
 in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
 Black oxide of manganese is regarded 
 as a tonic and alterative; it has been 
 employed in syphilis and various cuta- 
 neous diseases. When slowly intro- 
 duced into the system, as happens to those 
 engaged in grinding this mineral, it acts 
 (like lead or mercury) as a cumulative 
 poison, often producing paraplegia. 
 
 Mangane'sii Sul'idias.* (“Sul- 
 phate of Manganese.”) This substance 
 occurs in colorless, or pale rose-colored, 
 transparent crystals. It has been 
 placed on the primary list of the Mate- 
 ria Medica in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia 
 for 1860. It acts as a cholagogue pur- 
 gative, and also as an alterative. 
 
 Maaiganinm. See Manganese. 
 
 Man'ga-nous. [Mangano'sus ; 
 from mangane'sium .] Applied to an oxide 
 of manganese. 
 
 Man 'go. (Called by the Hindoos 
 dm.) The fruit of the Many f era hi - 
 diea, a large fruit-tree, inhabiting the 
 tropical parts of Asia, throughout all 
 which it is cultivated nearly as exten- 
 sively as the apple and pear are in Eu- 
 rope. The fruit is somewhat like a necta- 
 rine, but longer. It contains a large 
 stone covered with coarse fibres, which 
 are surrounded with succulent flesh, or 
 rather a thick, pulpy juice. 
 
 315 
 
MAN 
 
 MAR 
 
 Ma'ni a. s [Gr.^ia; from gaivogai, to 
 “rage.”] Delirium unaccompanied by 
 fever; madness. A genus of the order 
 Vesanise, class Neuroses , of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. See Insanity. 
 
 Ma nia a Po'tu. ;ii (“Madness from 
 Drinking.”) Insanity resulting from 
 excessive indulgence in drinking. See 
 Delirium Tremens. 
 
 Ma-ni'a-eal. [Maniaca'lis.] Af- 
 fected with mania; resembling mania. 
 
 Maii'i-cate. [Mansca'tws ; from 
 man'ica, a “glove/’ or “sleeve.”] 
 Gloved; covered with a woolly coat 
 which may be stripped off whole, as 
 some plants. 
 
 Maiiie sans lOelire, m&'n6' son 6 dA- 
 1 &r'. (“Madness, without Delirium.”) 
 See Moral Insanity. 
 
 Ma-nip-ii-&a'tion. [From mamp'u- 
 lus, a “handful.”] The mode of han- 
 dling utensils, materials, etc., in experi- 
 mental philosophy ; the performance of 
 experiments. 
 
 Ma-nip'u-liis.* [From ma'mnn im'- 
 pleat, “ what fills the hand.”] A handful. 
 
 Man na. 5- A substance supposed to 
 resemble the manna of the Holy Scrip- 
 tures, obtained from several species of 
 ash-tree. The Pharmaeopoeial name [] 
 for “the concrete juice, in flakes, of the 
 Nr ax' inns or'nus , and Fr ax' inns rotundi- 
 fo'lia.” 
 
 Man-nif'er-us.* [From man'na, and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”J Bearing or affording 
 manna. 
 
 Man'mte. [Man'nis, A 
 
 white substance, chiefly obtained from 
 manna, and on which its laxative vir- 
 tues depend; sugar of manna. 
 
 Man. pr. = Ma'ne pH’ mo.* “Very 
 early in the morning.” 
 
 Mantle. [Pal 'limn.] A develop- 
 ment of the skin which covers the body 
 or a portion of the body of nearly all 
 Mollusea. 
 
 Hn-3iu ln i.mii. [From ma'nus, the 
 “hand,” and hi’beo, to “hold.”] Lite- 
 rally, a “hilt,” or “handle.” Applied 
 in Anatomy to the uppermost part of 
 the sternum. 
 
 Manubrium Ma'nus.* An epithet 
 applied to the radius. 
 
 Man-ii-lu'vi-iim.* [From ma r nus, 
 a “hand,” and la' oo, to “wash.”] A 
 hand-bath. 
 
 Ma'nus.* (Fr. Main, maN«.) The 
 hand. See Hand. 
 
 Maniist upratio. See Masturba- 
 
 tion. 
 
 Ma-ran'ta.* Arrow-root. The Phar- 
 316 
 
 macopceial name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
 for the fecula of the tubers of the Ma- 
 rant a arundinacea, and Maranta Indica. 
 
 Maran'fa Arundinacea* (a-run- 
 di-na'she-a). The arrow-root plant. 
 
 Maran ta (ia-lan'ga. ; A plant 
 believed to yield galangal, a pungent 
 aromatic root formerly used as a substi- 
 tute for ginger. This root is brought 
 from China and the East Indies. 
 
 Maran'ta Im'dl-ca.* A species of 
 Maranta , from which arrow-root is ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Maranfacese,* mar-an-ta'she-e. A 
 natural order of endogenous plants, 
 found in the tropical parts of Africa and 
 America. It includes the Maran'ta , from 
 which arrow-root is procured. 
 
 Mar-an-ta/ceous. [ Maranta 
 ce«s.] Resembling Maran’ta. 
 
 Mar-as-mo'des.* [From maras'mus , 
 a “ withering,” or “ wasting away.”] Re- 
 sembling, or having, marasmus. 
 
 Ma-ras-mo-i'des.* [From maras'- 
 mus, a “withering,” or “wasting away,” 
 and el6og, a “form.”] Resembling ma- 
 rasmus: maras'moid. 
 
 Mar-as-raop'y-ra.- [From maras'- 
 mus, a “withering,” or “wasting away,” 
 and 7 rvp, a “ fever.”] Hectic fever. 
 
 Ma-ras'mus.* [From gapaivoy, to 
 “wither.”] Literally, a “withering,” or 
 “wasting away.” Consumption of the 
 whole body. 
 
 Mar ble. (Fr. Marbre, maRbR.) A 
 species of limestone, or hard carbonate 
 of lime, capable of a high polish. Sec 
 Marmor. 
 
 Mar-ces'^ent. [Marces'cens; from 
 mar'ceo , to “ wither.”] Withering; gra- 
 dually withering, without falling off. 
 
 Mjiregr.t viacese,* mark-gra-ve-a' • 
 she-e. [From Marcgra'via, one of the 
 genera.] A small natural order of ex- 
 ogenous trees and shrubs, found in equi- 
 noctial America. 
 
 MarcBiantiaeea*,* mar-shan-te-a'- 
 she-e. [From Marchan'tia, one of the 
 genera.] A name given by Lindley to 
 a natural order of plants. See He- 
 patic,®. 
 
 Mar'cor, :? plural Mar-eo'reS. 
 
 [From mar'ceo, to “wither.”] Leanness 
 or wasting of the body. Applied in the 
 plural to diseases characterized by emaci- 
 ation of the body, constituting an order 
 of the class Caehexite of Cullen’s Nosol- 
 ogy. See Marasmus. 
 
 Mar'^a. 5 Marl, a fertilizing substance 
 found in nature, consisting of a mixture 
 of calcareous and argillaceous earths. 
 
MAR 
 
 MAR 
 
 The calcareous portion often consists 
 of the fragments or debris of small 
 shells. 
 
 Mar'ga-rate. [Mar'garas, a'tfs.] 
 A combination of margaric acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Mar-gar'ic. [Margar'icus; from 
 margari'na .] Applied to an acid ob- 
 tained from margarin. 
 
 Mar'ga-rin, or Mar'ga-riaie. 
 [Margari'na; from pdpyapor, a “ pearl.”] 
 A simple fat, a constituent of the radical 
 termed inargaryl; named from its pearly 
 appearance. 
 
 Mar'ga-ryl. [From margari'na , 
 “margarin,” and vXrj, “material.”] A 
 radical, of which stearin and margarin 
 are constituents. 
 
 Mar'gl-nal. [Margina'lis ; from 
 mar' go, mar'ginis, a “border.”] Placed 
 upon, or belonging to, the margin. 
 
 Mar'gin-ate. [Margina'tus ; from 
 mar'gino , margina’ turn, to “ make bor- 
 ders.”] Having a border, edge, or 
 margin. 
 
 Marine (ma-reen') A$'id. Muriatic 
 or hydrochloric acid, formerly termed 
 the spirit of salt. 
 
 Marine' Salt. Chloride of sodium ; 
 common salt: formerly called muriate 
 of soda. 
 
 M&r'I-tXme, [Marit'innis ; from 
 ma're, the “ sea.”] Belonging to the sea, 
 or bordering on the sea. 
 
 Mar Jo-rain,€om'mon. The Orig'- 
 anum vufga're. 
 
 Marjoram, Sweet. The Orig'anum 
 majora'na. 
 
 Marjoram, Wild. The Orig’anum 
 vulga're. 
 
 Marl. See Marga. 
 
 Mar-mar'y-ga,* or Mar-mar- 
 y-go,* plural Mar-msir'y-gse. [From 
 pappaipo), to “ shine.”] In the plural, the 
 appearance of sparks or coruscations 
 before the eyes. 
 
 Mar-mar-y-go'de&.* [From mar- 
 mar’ygse .] Having, or resembling, mar- 
 mar yg re. 
 
 Mar'mor, or is.* [From pappaipcj, to 
 “shine.”] (Fr. Marbre, maRbR.) Mar- 
 ble. The Pharmacopoeial name for the 
 crystalline, or white granular, carbonate 
 of lime. See Marble. 
 
 Mar'mo-rate. [From mar'mor, 
 “marble.”] Marbled; applied to some 
 vegetable products. 
 
 Marrow. [Lat. Med nl' la : Gr. /r>£- 
 \og; Fr. Moelfe, mo'ell'.] The fatty oleagi- 
 nous substance in the cavities of long 
 tylindrical bones. 
 
 Marrow, Spinal. See Medulla 
 Spinalis. 
 
 Mar-ru'bl-Bim.* Horehound. A 
 Linnaean genus of the class Didynamia, 
 natural order Labiatse. Also, the Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
 of Marru'bium vulga're. 
 
 Marrn'lmim Album.* (“White 
 Horehound.”) Another name for the 
 Marrnbium v id gave. 
 
 Marru'bium Vul-ga're.* (“Com- 
 mon Horehound.”) The systematic name 
 of the common or white horehound, also 
 called Marrnbium album. 
 
 Mars,* gen. Mar'tis. [The name 
 of the god of war, also used for “war” 
 itself.] One of the planets. Also, the 
 alchemical name of iron, given on ac- 
 count of its importance in war; hence 
 the salts of iron were called Martial 
 Salts. 
 
 Marseilles (mar-salz') Vin'e-gar. 
 
 Thieves' Vinegar. A solution of essential 
 oils and camphor in vinegar. The re- 
 putation of this prophylactic in conta- 
 gious fevers is said to have arisen from the 
 confession of four thieves, who, during 
 the plague at Marseilles, plundered the 
 dead bodies with perfect security, being 
 preserved from contagion by this aro- 
 matic vinegar, which has, hence, been 
 called Le Vinaigre dcs Quatre Voleurs , 
 leh v&'negR' d& k&tR voTur' (“the Vine- 
 gar of the Four Thieves”). 
 
 Marsh Mai' law. The Althsca offici- 
 nalis. 
 
 Marsh’s Tost. A test for arsenious 
 acid, consisting in the action upon the 
 acid of nascent hydrogen, obtained by 
 dissolving zinc in dilute sulphuric acid ; 
 the arsenious acid is deoxidyzed, with 
 evolution of arseniuretted hydrogen 
 gas. 
 
 Marsileacea?,* mar-sil-e-a'she-e. 
 [From Marsil'ea, one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of cryptogamic plants, 
 resembling mosses, found in ditches or 
 wet places. 
 
 Mar-su'pS-al. [Marsupia'lis ; 
 
 from mat sa'pium, a “pouch.”] Pouched, 
 or resembling a pouch. 
 
 Mar-su-pi-a'li-a,* or Mar-su'pi- 
 als. [From the same.] An order of 
 mammiferous quadrupeds, of which the 
 females have a portion of the abdomi- 
 nal integument folded inwards, form- 
 ing either a depression containing the 
 mammfe , or a pouch serving also as a tem- 
 porary abode for the young. It includes 
 the kangaroo, opossum, and wombat. 
 
 Mar-su'pi-i-llo'rus.* [From marsu 
 
 317 
 
 21 
 
MAR 
 
 MAS 
 
 pi am , a “ pouch/’ and jlos, a “flower.”] 
 Having pouch-like flowers. 
 
 Mar-su'pi-nm.* [From pjpavnog, a 
 “little sack.”] A pouch. Applied to 
 th 3 large cavity of the peritoneum; also, 
 to the scrotum. In Zoology, the pouch 
 or receptacle near the mammae, of the 
 opossum, kangaroo, etc. 
 
 Marteau, mau'to'. The French term 
 for Malleus, which see. 
 
 Martial. See Mars. 
 
 Ma'rnm Sy-ri'a-caim,* or Ten'- 
 cr 1-U3I1 Ma'mm.* An aromatic plant 
 of the natural order Labiatae, formerly 
 used as a tonic, antispasmodic, orerrhine. 
 
 Mas,* gen. Ma'ris. The male of any 
 kind of animal. 
 
 Mas-cu-la-tia'rais.* [From mas* cu- 
 ius, “male,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing male flowers : mascaliflo'rous. 
 
 Mas'cn-line. [Mas'caainis ; from 
 mas, a “male.”] Male, or belonging to 
 the male sex ; resembling a man or male. 
 
 Maslted. [From the French masquer, to 
 “disguise.”] See Personate. 
 
 Mas'sa.* [From paraa, to “knead.”] 
 Any compound from which pills are to 
 he made. 
 
 Mas'sa tie My-dirar'g^y-r®,* or Mas'- 
 sa ex My dr ar 'gyro* (“Mass [pre- 
 pared] from Mercury/ ) See Blue Mass. 
 
 Mas-se'ter, e'r is* [Gr. paanrjrtip ; 
 from pan aiopai, to “chew.”] A short, 
 thick muscle of the lower jaw, on each 
 side of the face. 
 
 Mas-s e-ter ' ic. [Masseter 'icais.] 
 Belonging to the masseier muscle. 
 
 Mas'si-cot. Yellow oxide of lead. 
 
 Mas'ta-desi, eaii«.* [From pacrog, 
 the “breast,” and afyv, a “gland.”] The 
 mammary gland, or female breast. 
 
 Mas-ta-de-ni'tis, \dis* [From 
 mas’taden, the “mammary gland.”] In- 
 flammation of the mammary gland. 
 
 Mas-tal'ga-a.* [From pcnrog, the 
 “breast,” and aXyj;, “pain.”] Pain of 
 the mammary gland, or breast. 
 
 Mas-taux'e.* [From parrdg, the 
 “breast,” and av£rj, “increase.”] Swol- 
 len or enlarged female breast. 
 
 Masl-ltel-co'sis.* [From pcnrog, tho 
 “breast,” and t\<w7ig, “ulceration.”] 
 Ulceration of the mamma, or female 
 breast. 
 
 Mas'tic, or Mas'ticB*. [Gr, paartxn-] 
 A resinous substance obtained from the 
 Pistacia lentiseus. It is a stimulant and 
 tonic, but it is rarely given internally, 
 except in combination. (See Mastiche.) 
 Dissolved in alcohol or oil of turpentine, 
 it is used as a varnish. 
 
 318 
 
 Mas-ti-ca'tion. [Mastica'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from mas’tico , mastica'tum, to 
 “chew.”] The act or process of chew- 
 ing; also, the taking, chewing, and in- 
 salivation of the food. 
 
 Mas'ti-ca-to-ry. [Maslicaito' rms ; 
 from the same.] Relating to mastication. 
 Also, a medicine to be masticated, or 
 chewed. 
 
 Mas'tieBi Tree. The Pista'cia len - 
 
 tis'eus. 
 
 Mas'ti-eBie,*gen. Mas'ti-elnes. [Gr. 
 
 paerrixn ; from pavnxaoo, to “chew.”] 
 Mastic. The name applied to the con- 
 crete juice of the Pista'cia lentis'eus. It 
 has been placed on the primary list of 
 the Materia Mcdica of the U.S. Phar- 
 macopoeia for 1860. It forms one of the 
 ingredients of the Pilulee Aloes et 3fas- 
 tiches. See Mastic. 
 
 Mas'ta-cici, or Mas'ti-cisae. A pe- 
 culiar principle obtained by the action 
 of alcohol upon mastic. 
 
 MasMek. See Mastic. 
 
 Mas'ti-cot. The same as Massicot. 
 
 Mas'ta-cois.* [From pavrog, the 
 
 “breast.”] Mastic. Belonging to the 
 mammae. 
 
 Mas-ti'tis, i dis* [From the same.] 
 Phlegmonous inflammation of the female 
 breast. 
 
 Ma§4o-car*?l-iio'ma, a tis* [From 
 pcnrog, the “ breast,” and carcino' ma .] Car- 
 cinoma, or incipient cancer of the breast. 
 
 Mas-to'des.* [From pcnrog, the 
 
 “breast.”] Having large breasts. 
 
 Mas'to-don.* [From payrog, the 
 
 “breast,” “teat,” or “nipple,” (?) and 
 ddovg, a “tooth.”] A genus of extinct, 
 gigantic quadrupeds, allied to the ele- 
 phant; eo called from the conical projec- 
 tions upon the surfaces of the molar teeth. 
 
 Mas-to-dym'i-a,* [From parreg. the 
 “breast,” and divert, “pain.”] Pain oc- 
 curring in the mamma, or female breast. 
 
 Mas 't © id. [Mastoi'des; from pa<7- 
 rog, the “breast,” and clSog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling the breast or nipple. 
 
 Mas'totd Process. [Proces'sus 
 Mastoi'deas.] A prominence of tho 
 temporal bone, resembling a nipple or 
 teat. 
 
 Mas-toi'de-al. [Masloi'deus ; 
 
 from mastoi'des proces'sus.] Belonging 
 to the mastoid process of the temporal 
 bone. 
 
 Mas-to-i-de-&l'&i-a.'* [From mas- 
 toi'dcs proces'sus, and u\yof, “pain.”] 
 Pain in tho mastoid process. 
 
 Mas-to-i-de-o-^en-te'sis.* [From 
 the mas'toid process, and Kurqaig, a 
 
MAS 
 
 MAT 
 
 “puncturing.”] Perforation of the 
 mastoid process. 
 
 Mas-tol'o-gy. [Mastolo'g-ia ? from 
 Havre;, tlic “breast,” and X'tyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] The natural history of Mam- 
 malia j also, that branch of Anatomy 
 which treats of the female breast. 
 
 Mas-t©-m©'ni-a.~ [From fiaaro^, the 
 “ breast,” and ptweg, the “menses.”] 
 Metastasis cf the menstrual flow to the 
 mammse, or breasts. 
 
 M as- ton'c us.* [From paarog, the 
 “breast,” and dyKcg, a “tumor.”] A 
 tumor of the mamma, mammary gland 
 itself, or nipple. 
 
 Mas-f©-|t^ree'4a-ma, ntis.® [From 
 paor eg, the “breast,” and napixTapa, “im- 
 moderate extension.”] Excessive dis- 
 tension of the breasts. 
 
 Mas-te-pa^thi'a.* [From paarog, the 
 “ breast/’ and iruOog, “ affection,” or 
 “disease.”] Pain in the female breast: 
 mastop'atliy. 
 
 M as-topath ' l-cus. * Belonging to 
 
 tnastopathia. 
 
 Ma^to-iimc-e-ioiVcws,* or Mas-fo- 
 pi-©n'cus.' :i; [From paarog, the “breast,” 
 TupeX'i, “fat,” and oyxcg, a “tumor.”] A 
 fatty swelling or tumor in the breast. 
 
 Mas-for-rEua'gi-a.- [From paarog, 
 the “breast,” and p'lyvopt, to “break 
 forth.”] Sudden limmorrhage from the 
 breast. 
 
 Mas-t©-s«ir'rlhius.‘* [From paarog, 
 the “breast,” and extipog, a “hard tu- 
 mor.”] Scirrhus of the breast. 
 
 Mas-4ur-Bi>a't3©in>. [Masturba'tio, 
 ©'«/«, a contraction of ma' nu-siupra'tio 
 (“defilement by the hand”) ; from ma ' - 
 mis, the “hand,” and stu'pro , stupra'tum , 
 to “ravish,” to “defile.”] Self-pollution, 
 or the secret vice. See Pollution. 
 
 Mate, md-td/. See Paraguay Tea. 
 
 Ma'ter A-ce'tfi.* (“Mother of Vine- 
 gar.”) A mould plant, belonging to the 
 genus My coder' ma, which is developed in 
 vinegar. 
 
 Ma-te'ri-a Med'i-ca.^ (“Medical 
 Material,” or “Medical Substances.” 
 Fr. Maticre Medicate, ma'te'eR' md'de'- 
 kal\) A collective term, comprising all 
 medicines, or all substances, natural or 
 artificial, which are used in the cure of 
 diseases. These substances may be di- 
 vided into two great classes. 1. Natu- 
 ral, or those which arc found ready pre- 
 pared by nature: as cinchona hark, nut- 
 meg, opium, etc. 2. Artificial, or those 
 which have been produced or modified 
 by chemical agency: as quinta, morphia, 
 calomel, lunar caustic, etc. Medicines 
 
 may be again divided into — 1. Those 
 which owe their effects to some peculiar 
 specific property or principle which acts 
 upon the vital irritability of the different 
 organs or parts of the body : as tartar 
 emetic, which has a specific action di- 
 rected chiefly to the stomach ; calomel , 
 whose action is principally directed to 
 the liver and salivary glands ; and alcohol, 
 which exerts a special influence on the 
 brain and nervous system, etc. 2. Those 
 which owe their effects to merely me- 
 chanical properties, as emollient poul- 
 tices, lubricating substances used for 
 allaying cough, etc. To this last divi- 
 sion may be referred bran bread, bran 
 mush, etc., which owe their aperient 
 effects to the mechanical irritation of tie 
 alimentary canal, arising from the rough 
 particles contained in the food. 
 
 Mafias. See Malambo. 
 
 Mafic©,* md-tee'ko. The South 
 American name of the Artan'theelonga'ta, 
 a shrub growing wild in the interior 
 of Peru. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 for the leaves of the Artanthe elomjala. 
 They have been assigned a place on the 
 primary list of the Materia Mcdica in the 
 IT.S. Pharmacopoeia for I860. Matico 
 is an aromatic stimulant and tonic, w ith 
 a tendency like cubebs to act on the 
 urinary passages. Hence it has been 
 employed in gonorrhoea and other affec- 
 tions of the mucous membrane of the 
 urethra, vagina, etc. It has also been 
 highly recommended as a styptic in 
 hsematemesis, hspinaturia, etc. 
 
 Matiere Medicate. See Materia 
 Medica. 
 
 Mat'rass. A vessel of glass, metal, 
 or earthen-ware, used in the processes of 
 digestion, distillation, etc. Its shape is 
 usually ovoid or globular. 
 
 M at-r a «ca ' ri-a. * German Chamo- 
 mile. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the flowers of Matricaria cliamo- 
 milla. 
 
 Matrice, m&'tRess'. The French term 
 for Uterus, which see. 
 
 Ma'trix, i 'eis* [From piirrjp , a “mo- 
 ther.”] The uterus, or womb ; sometimes 
 used almost synonymously with “mo- 
 ther.” 
 
 Ma'frix of Teetls. The formative 
 organ of a mammalian tooth, consisting 
 of a pulp and a capsule; the former is 
 converted into dentine, the latter into 
 cement. 
 
 Matter. See Pus. 
 
 Ma-tw'raiBS.* [From matu'ro , matu - 
 r a' turn, to “lipen.”] Literally, “ripen- 
 *319 
 
MAT 
 
 MED 
 
 ing.” Having power to ripen, or ma- 
 ture. Applied in the plural neuter 
 ( Maturantia , mat-u-ran'she-a) to sub- 
 stances which promote the suppuration 
 of tumors. 
 
 Mat-w-ra/tloii. [Matora'tao. o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The process succeeding 
 to inflammation, by which pus or matter 
 is formed in an abscess. 
 
 Ma^tu'ri-ty. [ Frommatn'rus , “ripe.”] 
 A term used in reference to fruits and 
 seeds which have reached their full de- 
 velopment. 
 
 Maw'-W or m . The A s' can’s vermicu- 
 l i'ris, or thread- worm; the Oxyu'ris of 
 Radolphi. 
 
 Max-il'Ia.* The upper or lower jaw. 
 See Maxillary. 
 
 Maxillaire. See Maxillary. 
 
 Max'iil-la-ry- [Maxilla' ris ; from 
 maxiVla , a “jaw.”] (Fr. Maxillairc , 
 m&k'selTeR'.) Belonging to the maxilla. 
 Applied by Owen especially to the max- 
 illa superior. 
 
 Maxillary Stmis. See IIighmori- 
 anum Antrum. 
 
 Max'i-mmm.* [From max'imus , the 
 superlative degree of may'nus, “great.”] 
 A term denoting the greatest possible 
 quantity or effect. It is opposed to 
 minimum , or the least pos ible ; and to 
 medium , or the mean between these ex- 
 tremes. 
 
 Mayaceae,* ma-ya'shc-e. [From Ma- 
 ya’ ca, one of the genera.] A small natu- 
 ral order of endogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found in marshes in America. 
 
 May 'hem. [Old Fr. Mchaiyner, to 
 “hurt.”] In English law, “the violently 
 depriving another of the use of such of 
 his members as may render him the less 
 able, in fighting, either to defend him- 
 self, or annoy his adversary;” maim, 
 hurt, or wound. 
 
 Mays. Sec Zi:a Mays. 
 
 May'weed. The common name of 
 the Anthemis cotula , a plant growing 
 abundantly both in Europe and the 
 United States. Its medical properties 
 are essentially the same as those of 
 chamomile. 
 
 Ma-zol'o-gy* That branch of Natu- 
 ral History which treats of mammiferous 
 animals. The same as Mammalogy. 
 See Mammalia. 
 
 Mead. [Antrlo-Saxon, Mddu ; San- 
 scrit, Medhu .] The name of a fermented 
 liquor produced from water sweetened 
 with honey. 
 
 M&mTow C’row'foot. The Ranun- 
 culus Acris, which sec. 
 
 320 
 
 Mead'ow Saffron. The Colchicum 
 
 Autumnale, which see. 
 
 Mea'sles. (Fr. Rouyeole , roo'zhol'.) 
 The disease Rubeola, which see. 
 
 Me-a'tus. ;i: ‘ [From me’o , mea'fum , to 
 “go,” “pass,” “move.”] A passage. 
 An opening leading to a canal, duct, or 
 cavity. 
 
 Mea/tuis U-rS-Ena'rr-ims.* (“Urinary 
 Passage, or Opening.”) The orifice of 
 the urethra. 
 
 Me-cl&aii'i-caJL [MecBian 'Seims.] 
 
 Belonging to Mechanics, or to a ma- 
 chine. Applied to medicines which owe 
 their effect to mere mechanical properties. 
 See Materia Medic a. 
 
 Me-cS&am'ics. [Lat. MeeSnaui'ica, or 
 M5©2iana'iee; Gr. prjxariKrj, from pnxw'i, 
 a “machine.”] The science which treats 
 of forces and powers, and their action 
 on bodies either directly or by the inter- 
 vention of machinery. Theoretical Me- 
 chanics is divided into two parts. Statics 
 and Dynamics. 
 
 MecKt'el’s Gan'gfi-on. The spheno- 
 palatine ganglion, discovered by Meckel. 
 
 Mec'o-nate. [Meeo'nas, a '?/.<?.] 
 A combination of meconic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Mc-con'lc. [Mecon'icns ; from 
 nfjKojv, the “poppy.”] Belonging to the 
 poppy. Applied to an acid which forms 
 one of the constituents of opium. 
 
 Me-con'i-ca.* [The plural neuter 
 of mecon'icus. See Meconic.] Opiates. 
 
 Mec'o-mim, or Mec'o-nme. [Meco'- 
 nia; from prucoiv, a “poppy.”] A white 
 substance found in opium. 
 
 Me-co-iM-o-i'des.* [From meco'n i um, 
 and fMoj, a “form.”] Resembling meco- 
 nium : meco'nioid. 
 
 Me-co-ni-o-lo'gd-a-* [From meco'- 
 nium , andXoyof, a “discourse.”] A treatise 
 on meconium, its nature and properties. 
 
 Mc-co-ni-^r-rfiBoe'a.* [From meco’- 
 nium, and pioj, to “flow.”] A morbidly 
 increased discharge of meconium. 
 
 Me-co'ni-um.* [Gr. priKw, from re- 
 semblance to the inspissated juice of the 
 poppy.] The dark-green cxcrementi- 
 tious substance found in the large intes- 
 tine of tho foetus. 
 
 Mec-o-nol 'o-gy . [i/Becoiiiolo'gia ; 
 
 from ixrjKiov, the “poppy,” and \4yo$, a 
 “ discourse.”] A treatise on the poppy, 
 or on opium. 
 
 M^dccfin, m&d'sux 0 '. Tho French 
 word for Physician, which sec. 
 
 M^deeicie. See Medicine. 
 
 Mc'dl-a,,* the plural of Medium. 
 
 Me'dl-an. [Media'mas ; from me*- 
 
MED 
 
 MED 
 
 dins, the “middle.”] In the middle; 
 between others * medial, or mesial. 
 
 Me'diani Ba-siH'ic Vein. A branch 
 of the basilic vein. 
 
 Me dian £e-plial'ic Veicn. A branch 
 of the cephalic vein. 
 
 Me'dian Line. [Lin'ea Media'ma.] 
 
 A vertical line supposed to divide the 
 body of an animal into two equal parts, 
 the one right and the other left. Bee 
 Mesial. 
 
 Me'dian Nerve. The second branch 
 of the brachial plexus, descending the 
 inner part of the arm along the biceps 
 muscle. 
 
 Me-dl-a-sti'mtiim.** [From me'dlo- 
 stans, “standing in the middle.”] The 
 septum, or duplicaturo of the pleura, 
 which divides the cavity of the thorax 
 into two parts; the Septum thoracis. 
 
 Medl-ca, Ma'lus.* (“Apple-Tree 
 of Media.”) The Limonum Citrus, which 
 see. 
 
 Med'i-cafl. [Med'icns; fvomme'dcor, 
 mede'ri, ovmed'ico, medica' turn, to “cure,” 
 “heal,” or “treat with medicine.”] Ec- 
 longing to medicine, or the healing art; 
 also, pertaining to medicines. 
 
 Med'ical Jw-ris-B&ru 'deuce. That 
 science which applies (he principles of 
 medicine to the elucidation of doubtful 
 questions in courts of justice ; also termed 
 Legal, or Forensic, Medicine. 
 
 Medicamen. See Medicament. 
 
 Medl-ca-ment. [Meclicjmien'tum, 
 plural Medicamen 'ta; from med'ico , to 
 “heal.”] A medicine. 
 
 Med-i-ca-men'ta,* the plural of 
 
 Medicamen' turn. See Medicament. 
 
 Medicamen'ta Ar-ca'na.* (“ Se- 
 cret Medicines.”) Patent medicines. 
 
 Med'i-cat-ed. [Medfica'tus; from 
 mecl'ico, medica' turn, to “heal.”] Having 
 the qualities of a medicine. 
 
 Med-i-calrix, i'ci’s.* [From the 
 same.] Healing, -or curing. Always 
 joined with a feminine noun: as, vis 
 medicatrix (“ healing power”). 
 
 Med-i-ci'na Di-je-tetl-ca.* (“Die- 
 tetic Medicine.”) That department of 
 medicine which especially regards the 
 regulation of diet. 
 
 Medici'na BM-a-s©s'ti-ea.* (“Pre- 
 serving Medicine.”) That branch of 
 medicine which treats of the preserva- 
 tion of health. 
 
 Medici ' na <3^ym-nas'ta-ca.* (“ Gym- 
 nastic Medicine.”) That branch of medi- 
 cine which resorts to exercise, with a 
 <iew of preserving or restoring health. 
 
 Medici ' na Pro-pSiy ■ -lac ' tS-ca. * 
 
 (“Prophylactic, or Preventive, Medi- 
 cine.”) That branch of medicine which 
 treats of the means proper for the pre' 
 servation of the health. See Prophy- 
 lactic. 
 
 Mc-di$'i-nal. [Medicina'lis; from 
 medici'na, “medicine.”] Belonging to 
 medicine. 
 
 Medicinal Hours. Those in which 
 it is considered that medicines may bo 
 taken with most advantage ; being in 
 the morning (fasting), an hour before 
 dinner, four hours after it, and at bed- 
 time. 
 
 Mcd'I-cme. [Medici'na; from 
 
 mcd'ico, to “ heal.”] (Fr. Mcdecine, m&d'- 
 sen'.) The science of medicine. Also, 
 any substance employed for its medicinal 
 effects. 
 
 Med'H-cus.* [From me'deor , to 
 “cure,” or “heal.”] A healer of dis- 
 eases ; a physician. 
 
 Mediae. = Medio' crisp* or Medio* ever* 
 “ Middle-sized.” 
 
 Me-di-o-jjM-ras'si-cns.* [From me'- 
 dius, the “middle,” and juras'sicus, “be- 
 longing to Jura.”] Applied to a group 
 of strata comprehending the intermedi- 
 ary oolitic : mcdiojuras'dc. 
 
 Med-I-inl/lt-iim.* The diploe ; also, 
 the medullary juice in the spongy tissue 
 of the short bones, and extremities of 
 the long bones. 
 
 Mc'di-mm,* plural Me'dl-a. [From 
 me' dins, the “middle.”] The space or 
 substance through which a moving body 
 passes. The middle place or degree. 
 
 IMe-dni'la*# [From me' dins, the 
 “middle”?] The marrow. The pith or 
 pulp of vegetables. 
 
 Medulla Ob-lon-g-a'fia.'^ (Fr. Me- 
 soccphale, msPzo's&'fal', or Moclle allongee, 
 mo'cll' &ri6N G 'zha'.) The “ oblong mar- 
 row;” so called from its shape. A name 
 given to that portion of the brain which 
 lies within the cranium on the basilar 
 process of the occipital bone. 
 
 Mcdut'la Spi-na'lte.* The spinal 
 marrow, or spinal cord. 
 
 Med'ul-!a-ry. [Mcdulla'ris ; from 
 medul'la, “marrow.”] Belonging to 
 marrow, or to pith. 
 
 Med'ullary Rays. The radiating 
 lines presented by a cross-section of the 
 stem of an exogenous tree or other 
 plant. 
 
 Med ' Miliary Sar-co'ma. A name 
 for Fungus ksematocles. 
 
 Me-dullm, or Me-dul'Iine. [Me- 
 dnlli'na; from medul'la, “marrow.”] 
 A term applied to the pith of plants, par- 
 321 
 
MED 
 
 MEL 
 
 ticularly taut of the Helianthus , or sun- 
 flower. 
 
 Me-dul-li'tis, Iclis.* [From medul'la, 
 ‘•'marrow.”] The same as Myelitis. 
 
 Meil-ul-lo'sus.* [From medul'la , 
 “marrow.”] Resembling marrow,, or 
 full ot marrow, or pith. 
 
 Me-du'sa.* [From Miilojo-a, the name 
 of a fabulous monster.] A genus of ma- 
 rine animals belonging to the class Aca- 
 lephse, having a body like amass of jelly, 
 which is phosphorescent at night. It 
 excites irritation, and often inflamma- 
 tion, in any part of the human body with 
 which it may come in contact. 
 
 Meer'scliaum. (German pronun- 
 ciation, man'showm.) “Sea-Foam,” or 
 “Sea-Froth.” A silicate of magnesia,* a 
 greasy, soapy substance, found in Asia 
 Minor, also in Cornwall and other places 
 in Europe. When first dug up it is soft, 
 has a greasy feel, and lathers like soap; 
 and on this aceount it is used by the 
 Tartars in washing their linen. — (Dana.) 
 T jbacco-pipes are made of it in Turkey 
 and Germany. 
 
 Meg’-a-^epli'a-liis.* [From /Aya;, 
 “great,” and Kzf>a\r\, the “head.”] Ap- 
 plied to plants that have flowers united 
 into large heads. Also applied to ani- 
 mals remarkable for their large heads. 
 
 Meg-a-lan'thus. :: [From /Ay a;, or 
 peyiXo;, “ great,” and uAj;, a “ flower.”] 
 Having large or ample flowers. 
 
 Majf-a-lo-ear'pas.* [From /Aya?, or 
 fxr./i\>s, “great,” and Kapito;, “fruit.”] 
 H ;ving large fruit: megalocar'pous. 
 
 Mag-a-lo-sau ras.* [From /Aya?, or 
 pryjXo;, “great,” and awlpi;, a “lizard.”] 
 The name applied by Dr. Buckland to 
 an extinct genus of gi 'antic Saurians, 
 found by him in oolitic slate near Oxford. 
 Some of them measure from forty to fifty 
 feet in length. They partake of the 
 structure of the crocodile and monitor. 
 
 Me^-a-Itt-sper'mus.* [From /Aya?, 
 or pzyiXo;, “ great,” and ajtppi, a “ seed.”] 
 Having large seeds. 
 
 Me^-a-lo-sple'nl-a.* [From /Aya;, 
 or peyiX'Ji, “great,” and czXriv, the 
 “spleen.”] Enlargement, or tumefac- 
 tion, of the spleen. 
 
 M™al<>t3ieriuaci. Sec Megatherium. 
 M acanthus. Sec Megalanthus. 
 
 Meg’-a-tlieri-imi. [From /Aya;, 
 “great,” and O.q pio>, a “beast.”] The 
 name given by Cuvier to a genus of 
 extinct edentate quadrupeds, including 
 one of the most remarkable of terrestrial 
 mammalia. It is the type of the Mega - 
 theridse. or Megatherioids of Owen, 
 
 322 
 
 Me'grim. [Lat. Mig*rae'na; Fr. MU 
 
 graine, me'gRen' or me'gR&n'.] A kind 
 of headache, affecting one side near the 
 eye or temple. See Hemicrania. 
 
 Mei-bo'mi-an Glands. Small 
 glands between the conjunctiva and tarsal 
 cartilages, discovered by Meibomius. 
 
 Mel-o-ste'mo-nous. [From psZov, 
 “less,” and cTtjpoji/, a “ stamen.”] Hav- 
 ing fewer stamens than pistils. 
 
 Mel,* gen. Mel'lis. [Gr. /AX:.] The 
 Pharmacopoeial natne|| of the saccharino 
 secretion of the A’ pis melli/'ica , obtained 
 from flowers : honey. 
 
 Mel A-e're-um,* Mel 
 (“Aerial Honey,” “Honey-Dew.”) Two 
 names for the substance otherwise called 
 Aeromeli (“Air Honey”), cr manna. See 
 Honey- Dew. 
 
 Mel Rep-u-ra'tum,* or Mel Ebes- 
 pna-nna'tism.* Clarified honey. 
 
 Mel Ro'sse.* (“Honey of Rose,” or 
 “Rose Honey.”) A preparation made 
 with honey and rose-leaves. It is as- 
 tringent and detergent. 
 
 Me-lse'na.* [From /AXa;, /AAuro;, 
 “black.”] (Fr. Melena , ma'ia'nu/, or 
 Melene , mAlen' or m&'l&n'.) A vomit- 
 ing of a concrete, blackish blood, mixed 
 with acid, or phlegm : the black vomit. 
 A form of melsena (called by Good J Tc- 
 Isena chaise' a , “ Bilious Melscnci ”) i:i which 
 the skin is of a very dark color, has re- 
 ceived the name of Melasicterus, or black 
 jaundice. 
 
 Melae'na CEto-Ica'a.* A name for 
 Icterus niger ( Melasic' terus ), or black 
 jaundice. See Melina. 
 
 Mc-lsen'i-ctis.* Belonging to melsena. 
 
 Mei-a-leu'ca.* [From /AXa;, “ black,” 
 and XzjKOi, “white.”] A Linn man genus 
 of the class Pohjadelpliia, natural order 
 My rtacese. 
 
 Melaleu'ca Caj-u-pu'ti,* or Mela- 
 leu'ca lA'ii-ca-deia'droEa.* The plant 
 (U.S. Ph.) from whi<;h cajcput oil is ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Melaleu'ca Mi 'nor.* Another name 
 for the Melaleuca Cajcputi. 
 
 Mel-am-po'<li-um.* [From Mclam'- 
 pu8 y who first used it.] Another name 
 for the IIelleeorus Niger, which see. 
 
 Mel-a-nse'nitt-a. ::: [From /AXa;, pjXuw;, 
 “black,” and alpa, “blood.”] A suffo- 
 cative state, by which all the blood in tko 
 body appears very dark or black. Also 
 applied to a condition, usually resulting 
 from chronic disease, in which the blood 
 contains a black pigment matte 1 , floating 
 in it. 
 
 I Me-laii-an-t2ic'rus.* [From /AXa;, 
 
MEL 
 
 MEL 
 
 11 black,” and avdrjpos, an “anther.”] 
 Having black anthers. 
 
 Mel-an-eliol'ic. [Melancliol'i- 
 ciis.] Belonging to melancholy. 
 
 Mel'an-chol*y. [Melaueho'lia ; 
 
 from pikas, plkdvos, “ black,” and x°kii, 
 “bile,*” because supposed by the ancients 
 to proceed from black bile.] A disease 
 characterized by gloomy thoughtfulness, 
 ill-grounded fears, and general depres- 
 sion of mind. A genus of the order 
 Vcsanise, class Neuroses , of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. See Atrabilis. 
 
 M<5Han£. See Melanic. 
 
 Mefl-a-neplto-i-dro'sis.* [From pikas, 
 plkduos, “ black,” and ephidro'sis, “ mor- 
 bid perspiration.”] Black ephidrosis, or 
 the Sudor Anglicus nitjer , or black Eng- 
 lish sweating fever. 
 
 Me-Uam'ic. (Fr. Melanc, m&'l&'nsP.) 
 Pertaining to melanoma or melanosis. 
 
 Mel-a-mis'iims.* [From pikas, 
 “black.”] Black jaundice. See Mel- 
 asicterus, and Melina. 
 
 Mefl-a-mo-car-^S-Eto'ma , sit is * 
 
 [From pikas, “ black,” and carcino'ma , 
 “cancer.”] Black cancer. The same 
 as Melanoma, which see. 
 
 MeS-a-mo-ear'ptis.* [From plk as, 
 pika jo?, “ black,” and nap-nos, “ fruit.”] 
 Having black fruit. 
 
 IHcl-a-noe-do'iEiia, a,/ is.* [From pikas, 
 plktluos, “black,” and cede'ma, a “swell- 
 ing.”] Black oedema, or melanosis, of 
 the lungs. 
 
 Mel-a-no'ma, a tis* [From pzkavou, 
 to “grow black.”] (Fr . Dcgcneresccnce 
 Noir, da'zha'nAres'sbxss' nwau.) A dis- 
 ease in which there are dark soot-colored 
 tubercles under the integuments and in 
 the viscera: black cancer. 
 
 [From 
 
 p'kas, “black,” and dpOakpos, the “eye.”] 
 Melanoma cf the eye. 
 
 MeS-a-m^-pHiy'ma, sails * [From 
 pikas, “ black,” and */>. pa, a “ tuber.”] A 
 term applied to the Scca'le cornu' turn. 
 
 Mel-a-nop'i-per, evis* [From 
 
 pika;, “black,” and nlncpi, “pepper.”] 
 The Piper nigrum, or black pepper. 
 
 'gS-sw* [From pikas, 
 “black,” and pr.ywpi, to “break forth.”] 
 The same as Mela:na, which see. 
 
 M<8l-a-aa©-&eiF'FEnu!S.' ::: * [From pikas, 
 “black,” and cnlfpos, a “tumor.”] The 
 same as Melanoma, which sec. 
 
 Mel-a-iic/sss.* [From pikas, “black.”] 
 The progress of melanoma. 
 
 Mel-a-ito-sper'miEis.** [From pikas, 
 “black,” and cnlppa, “seed.”] Having 
 black seed or fruit. 
 
 Mel-a-uos'to-mus. :!: The same as 
 Melastomus, which see. 
 
 Mela-no-sypli-i-lore-pis, id is* 
 
 [From pikas, “ black,” syph' ilis, andX£7r(V, 
 a “ scale.”] A term for a black syphilivic 
 scaly eruption. 
 
 Meha-iio-than 'a-tos, i: or Mel-n- 
 no-than'a-tus.* [From pikas, “ black,” 
 and Oavaros, “ death.”] An epidemic dis- 
 ease of the middle ages. See Black 
 Death. 
 
 Mol-a-not'ic. [Melanot'icns.] 
 
 Belonging to melanosis. 
 
 Mclaiiourin. See Melanurin. 
 
 Melantliacese,* mel-an-tha'she-e. 
 [From Melan' thium, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of endogenous plants, 
 found in nearly all parts of the world. 
 Few orders of plants are more univer- 
 sally poisonous than this, whose quali- 
 ties are indicated by Co/chicum and 
 Veratrum (White Hellebore). 
 
 Mel-an-ttie'rus.* [From pikas, 
 “black,” and dvOrjpos, an “anther.”] 
 Having black, or blackish, anthers. 
 
 Ulel-a-nu'riii. [Melamiri'na: from 
 pikas, “black,” and ovpou, the “urine.”] 
 A new substance, in the form of a black 
 pigment, found sometimes in urine. 
 
 Mel-a-sic'ter-us.* [From pikas, 
 “black,” and iktc(.os, the “jaundice.”] 
 Black jaundice. See Melina. 
 
 Ule-las'ma.* [From pikas, “black.”] 
 A black ecchymosis, occurring chiefly in 
 old people. 
 
 Melastomaceay* me-las-to-ma'- 
 she-e, or Me-las'lo-ntse.* [From Me- 
 las'toma, one of the genera.] A large 
 natural order of exogenous plants, na- 
 tives of the tropical and temperate parts 
 of America. It includes some species 
 whose fruit is eatable. 
 
 Me-las'lo-mse.* The Jussieuan 
 name of a natural order of plants. See 
 Melastomacea:. 
 
 Me-las'to-iiiii §. ?5 [From pikas, 
 “black,” and orepa, a “mouth.”] Hav- 
 ing a black mouth. 
 
 Milena, or Melene. See Mela:na. 
 
 Meleze, m&'Iez' or irA'l^z'. The 
 French name for “larch.” See Pinus 
 Larix. 
 
 Me'la.* [Gr. ptki, “honey.”] See Mel. 
 
 Meliaceae,* me-le-a'she-e. [From 
 Me' Ha, one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of exogenous trees and shrubs, na- 
 tives of tropical Asia and America. 
 Bitter astringent and tonic qualities be- 
 long to the species of this order. Some 
 of them are purgatives and emetics. 
 
 Me'Ii-ay* the plural of Melia, form- 
 323 
 
MEL 
 
 MEM 
 
 ing the Jussieuan name of a natural or- 
 der of plants. See Meliaceje. 
 
 ' ra-a,* M<?!-i- 
 
 $e'ris, i clis.% [From ntXi, “honey,” 
 and K-ipog, “wax.”] An encysted tumor, 
 the contents of which arc of the consis- 
 tencj and appearance of h ncy. 
 
 I/Iel-I-ce'roES. [MeMce'rms.] Be- 
 longing to mclicera. 
 
 [From peXi, 
 “honey,” and $v\\o:>, a “loaf.”] A 
 name for the Metis' sa cjjicina' Us. 
 
 Me-lis'sa.* [Gr. fXiacra, a “bee.”] 
 A Linnsean genus of plants of the class 
 Dichjnamia , natural order Labiatse. Also, 
 the Pharmacopceial name (Ed. and U.S. 
 Ph.) {ox Melissa officinal is; (Dub. Ph.) the 
 Mel issue officinalis folia , cr balm-leaves. 
 
 Melis'sa Cit/ra-msu* A name for 
 Melissa officinalis. 
 
 Melas'sa ©f-0<£-a-ma'las.* The herb 
 balm. 
 
 Mel-a-t»'ma-a,* or Mel-2- tii»'mi-a.* 
 
 [From ffiXi, “honey,” and aipa, “blood.”] 
 The presence of sugar in the blood. 
 
 Me-flat'a-gra.* [Etymology uncer- 
 tain.] (Fr. Meliiagrc , nuVle'tagii'.) A 
 name for Impetigo. Also, pain of the 
 limbs, arthritic or rheumatic (?) 
 
 Mel-a-tu'ra-a.* [From fXi, “honey,” 
 and ovpov, the “urine.”] The same as 
 Diabetes Mellitus. Sec Diabetes. 
 
 Mel-la'g*©,* gen. Mel-2a£'a-aais. 
 [From mely “honey.”] Any medicine 
 having the consistence of honey. 
 
 Mel-lif er-©&as. [Mellif'erus; from 
 mely “ honey,” and fc'roy to “ bear.”] 
 Producing honey. 
 
 Mel-lif I-cais.* [From me?, “honey,” 
 and fa'cioy to “make.”] Making honey,* 
 meliif'ic. In the feminine singular it 
 forms the specific name of the common 
 honey-bee ( A’ pis mellif'ica). 
 
 Mel-li'tum,* plural Mel-M'ta. [From 
 melli'tus . ] A preparation of honey. 
 
 Mel-1! 'tus.- [From mel, “honey.”] 
 Mixed with honey: mellitous. 
 
 Mel' Son. A new radical substance 
 obtained from the precipitate formed by 
 the action of chlorine on a solution of 
 sulpho-cyanide of potassium. 
 
 Mel'o-e.* [From p Asa, an “apple- 
 tree.”] A genus of coleopterous insects. 
 
 Meloe Yesicatorins. Sec Cantiia- 
 ris; see also note on page G80. 
 
 Me-lou'cus.* [From prjXov, an 
 “apple,” also, the “cheek,” and dyxog, a 
 “tumor.”] A tumor of the cheek. 
 
 Mel-o-trid'y-nms.* [From /dXo;, a 
 “limb,” and rpMyia?, “threefold.”] A 
 monster-foetus with threefold limbs. 
 
 321 
 
 Mem'bira,* gen. Mem-bro'ruiu. 
 The plural of Membrum, which see. 
 
 Meni-bra'na, i; plural Meni-bra'na*. 
 The Latin term for Membrane, which see. 
 
 Membrana Conjunctiva. See 
 Conjunctiva. 
 
 Membra na Cor-ti-ca'lis.* (“Cor- 
 tical Membrane.”) The external trans- 
 parent coat of the ovum of mammalia 
 before the formation of the embryo. 
 
 Membrana Beculua. See Tunica 
 Decidua Uteri. 
 
 Membra'ita llcn-ta'ta. :;: (“Den- 
 tate, or Serrated, Membrane.”) A process 
 between the tunica arachnoid ea and the 
 pia mater. It sends otf a number of 
 slender tooth-like processes, from which 
 it derives its name. 
 
 Membrana ^er-mim-a-ti'va.* 
 (The “Germinal Membrane.”) A term 
 sometimes applied to the earliest develop- 
 ment of the germ in fishes and the Am- 
 phibia. 
 
 Meiu-bra'wa Ja-co'bi,* or Tu'ul- 
 ea Jaeo'bi.* (“Jacob’s Membrane, or 
 Tunic.”) [Named from Dr. Jacob, of 
 Dublin, its describes] An extiemely deli- 
 cate serous membrane interposed between 
 the retina and the choroid coat. 
 
 Membra na Nieti-tans.* (“Nic- 
 titating Membrane.”) A thin membrane 
 forming a kind of third eyelid, found in 
 certain birds, at the inner coiner of the 
 eye. It can be extended over the eye so 
 as to protect it without obstructing the 
 vision. 
 
 Membrana Riiyschiaiia. See 
 
 It u ys ch 1 a n a Membrana. 
 
 Membrana Sclineideriana. See 
 
 Schneiderian Membrane. 
 
 Membrana &e-rot'I-iia.* (The 
 “Late, or Later, Membrane.”) [See Se- 
 rotinus.] That porticn of the Mem- 
 brana decidua rejicsea , which is formed 
 later than the rest. 
 
 Mem-bra-na eceus. [ Mcinbrana'- 
 ceus; from membra'ua, a “membrane.”] 
 Of the nature of membrane. 
 
 Meni-bra'nay* gen. Mein-bra-aia'- 
 ruin, the plural of Membra Ha. See 
 Membrane. 
 
 Mein'branc. [Membrana.] A 
 
 skin-like tissue composed of interwoven 
 fibres, used to cover some part of the 
 body, and sometimes forming a secreting 
 surface. The simple membranes are di- 
 vided into three kinds, mucous , serous , and 
 fibrous. 1. Mucous membranes investing 
 or lining caviti< s and canals which com- 
 municate with the external air; as the 
 mouth, the nose, etc. 2. Serous mem- 
 
MEM 
 
 MEN 
 
 branes lining cavities -which have no 
 external communication, such as the 
 cavity of the pleura and the cavity 
 containing the intestines. They have a 
 smooth, glossy surface, from which ex- 
 udes a transparent serous fluid that gives 
 to them their name. When this fluid is 
 secreted in excess, dropsy of those parts 
 is the result. 3. Fibrous membranes of va- 
 rious forms constitute capsules, sheaths, 
 aponeuroses, etc. 
 
 Mem-foraii-i-fo'll-iis.* [From mem- 
 bra' na, a “membrane/’ and f o' Hum, a 
 “leaf.”] Having foliaceous membra- 
 nous expansions. 
 
 Mein-bran 'i-foi’in. [Mctnbrani- 
 for'iiiis; from membra' na, a “mem- 
 brane.”] Formed like membrane. 
 
 MeBBa-t>raBB-«-i'<le&. :: * [From mem- 
 bra'na, a “ membrane,” and eicog, a 
 “form.”] Resembling membrane. 
 
 Mem-bra-nolo-gy. [Meinbrano- 
 lo'gia; from membra' na, a “membrane,” 
 and \6yog, a “discourse.”] The science 
 of the membranes, their nature, quality, 
 and use. 
 
 Mem'bra-nous. [Membrano'- 
 sus; from membra' na, a “membrane.”] 
 Composed of membrane; resembling 
 membrane. 
 
 Mem-bran '11-la,* or Meaia-taraai'ti- 
 
 lum.* [Diminutive of membra' na, a 
 “ membrane.”] A little membrane : a 
 mem'branule. 
 
 Meinbre. See Mem brum. 
 
 Mem 'brum/- plural Mem'bra. ( F r. 
 Membre, moMbit.) A member, cr limb. 
 
 Mem'brum Va-ri'le.* The male 
 organ of generation. See Penis. 
 
 Memory, ILoss of. Sec Amnesia. 
 
 Me-nin'ge-al. [Meniia'^ews; from 
 p rjyiy^, a “membrane.”] (Fr. Meninge, 
 mAna.N°'zhi'.) Belonging to the mem- 
 branes of the brain. 
 
 Me-aaiEa'ges,* the plural of Meninx, 
 which see. 
 
 Me-nin-gi-i'tis, id is* [F rom menin'- 
 giond] Inflammation of the menhujium. 
 
 Me-niia'gi-on,* or 
 
 [Diminutive of fjrjviy%, a “membrane.”] 
 The arachnoid membrane. 
 
 Men-in-gi'tis, i clis.% [From j ui1viy%, 
 a “membrane.”] Inflammation of the 
 membranes of the brain. 
 
 Mem-aai-go'sis.* [From nj viy%, a 
 “ membrane.”] A variety of Syndesmo- 
 sis, consisting in the union of osseous 
 pieces by membrane, as in the cranial 
 bones of the foetus. 
 
 Men-sn-gtt'ri-a/ [From pnviy%, a 
 ^membrane,” and vvpoy, the “urine.” 
 
 28* 
 
 The passing of urine containing mcm~ 
 branous shreds. 
 
 Me'ninx,* plural Me-nin'&e&. [Froii 
 [xrimyZ, a “membrane.”] A membrane 
 of the brain. Used by Chaussier specially 
 for the dura mater. 
 
 Me-nis'couf. [Meniscoi'des, ok 
 MoBBiscoi'cleus ; from prjvioKOg, a “ cres- 
 cent,” and eltog, a “form,” or “resem- 
 blance.”] Resembling a crescent; also, 
 shaped like a concavo-convex lens. 
 
 Me-iais'cias.* [Gr. pwioKog, a “cres- 
 cent.”] Applied to a crescent-shaped 
 cartilage between the joints: also, to a 
 lens convex on one side and concave on 
 the other. 
 
 MeBaispermaceay* mcn-is-pcr-ma'- 
 she-e, or Men-i-sper'me-jr. ;ii A ratu- 
 ral order of exogenous shrubs, found in 
 tropical Asia and America. It includes 
 Menisper'mum, and Coeculus Jndicus. 
 Active narcotic and bitter qualities pre- 
 vail among the species of this order, ti e 
 former in excess rendering them poison- 
 ous, the latter causing them to be valu- 
 able tonics. 
 
 MeBi-i-speB’-ma'cecus. [Mcni- 
 spernia'ceiBs.] Resembling the Udeni- 
 spermum. Applied to an order of plants. 
 See Menispermace^e. 
 
 Men -l-spcr'mate. [Men f sp or 
 
 lisas, si'tis.] A combination of meni- 
 spermic acid with a base. 
 
 Meai-i-speB^'me-iP.* [The feminine 
 plural of Menuper'meus. The same as 
 Menispermaceus.] The Jussleuan name 
 of a natural order of plants. See Meni- 
 
 SPERMACE-E. 
 
 Men-a-sper'iEie. [Meiiisjier'iiii- 
 cbis.] Belonging to the Menispo mum 
 cocculus. Applied to an acid. 
 
 Men-i-sper'm u bbb.* [From prjvri, the 
 “moon,” and oTreppa, a “seed;” so named 
 because the seeds of some of the species 
 are shaped like a half-moon.] “Moon- 
 Seed.” A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Dicecia, natural order Menispermacese. 
 
 MeBiasjper ebb uni Coc cii-lns.* The 
 moon-seed plant, the berries of which 
 are called Cocculus Indicus. 
 
 Mesaisper 'smun Pa 1 -bib a ' t w na .* 
 
 The Cocculus palmatu8. 
 
 MeiB-o-braiB-eln'i-se, a 'rum* [From 
 pci/co, to “remain,” and PpayXia, the “gills 
 of a fish.”] The abiding or permanent 
 respiratory apparatus of amphibious ani- 
 mals. See Menopomatia. 
 
 MeBB-o-lip'sis.* [From prjveg, the 
 “menses,” and \uiptg, a “failing.”] A 
 term for the failing, cessation, or reten- 
 tion of the catamenia . 
 
 325 
 
MEN 
 
 MEN 
 
 M en-o-pau'sis.* [From pnvsg, the 
 “menses,” and n av<ng, a “cessation.”] 
 A cessation of the menses. 
 
 Men-o-pla'ni-a.* [From //> iveg, the 
 “ menses,” and nha^rj, a “ deviation.”] A 
 discharge of blood, at the catamenial 
 period, from some other part of the body 
 than the womb: an aberration of the 
 menstrual flow. 
 
 Menapomatia,* men-o-po-ma'she-a. 
 [From //ivco, to “remain,” and mopiTioj, a 
 “ lid.”] The operculum , or lid of the 
 respiratory apparatus of amphibious ani- 
 mals. 
 
 Men-or-rha'gi-a.^ [From pdives, the 
 “menses,” and prjyrjpi, to “burst forth.’ ] 
 Immoderate flowing of the catamenia, or 
 menses, or of blood from the uterus; 
 men'orrhagy. A genus of the order 
 Hxmorrhag ias, class Pyrexise, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Meuorrha'gia Al'ba.* (“White 
 Menorrhagy.”) The same as Leucor- 
 rhce a, which see. 
 
 Menorrlia'gfia Lo-€hi-a'lis. i: An 
 
 excessive flow of the lochia. 
 
 ill en-or-rhagic. [Menorrhag'i- 
 
 cim ; from menorrha'gia.] Belonging to 
 menorrhagia. 
 
 Men-os-ta'si-a,* or Me-fiios'ta-sis.* 
 
 [From [inn;, the “ menses,” and crdaig, a 
 “ standing.”] Suppression of the cata- 
 menia. 
 
 Men-ox-e'ni-a.* [From prjveg, the 
 “menses,” and £wog, “ strange.”] Irre- 
 gular menstruation. 
 
 Man-V gen. Men'tis. [From piJOg, 
 “courage,” “strength,” or “power.”] 
 The Latin term for Mind, which see. 
 
 Men'ses,* gen. Mensium, men'- 
 she-um. [The plural of men' sis, a 
 “month.”] (Fr. Limes, liin.) The peri- 
 odical monthly discharge from the uterus; 
 the catame'nia. 
 
 Menses, Immoderate Flow of. 
 
 See Menorrhagia. 
 
 Menves, Obstruction of. See Ame- 
 
 NO UR IKE A. 
 
 Menses, Retention of. See Chlo- 
 rosis, Emansio Mensium, Menolipsis. 
 
 Menses, Suppression of. See 
 Amhnorrhoea, Menostasia. 
 
 Mensium,^ men'she-um, the genitive 
 of Menses, which see. 
 
 Men'stru-a,* the plural of Men- 
 struum, which see. 
 
 Men'stru-al. [Menstrua'lis; from 
 men' sen.] (Fr. Menstrual, mbN a 'stRii'el'.) 
 Belonging to the catamenia. 
 
 Men-stru-a'tion. |Menstrua'(io, 
 &nis ; from the same.] Thj monthly 
 32C 
 
 periods of the discharge of a red fluid 
 from the uterus; the function of men- 
 struating. 
 
 Menstruation, DiMcult. See 
 
 Dysmenorrhcea. 
 
 Menstruel. See Menstrual. 
 
 Men'stru-uan.* [Said to be derived 
 from men' sis, a “ month,” because for- 
 merly the menstruum was continued in 
 action for a month.] A liquid used to 
 dissolve, or extract the virtues of, ingre- 
 dients by infusion, decoction, etc.; a 
 solvent. The plural ( menstrua ) is used 
 for the Menses. 
 
 Men-su-ra/tion. [Mcnsura'tio, 
 
 o 'nis; from mensu'ro , mensura'tum, to 
 “ measure.”] The act or process of 
 measuring the thorax, abdomen, etc. 
 
 Men'ta.* A name for the Membrum 
 virile ; also called Mentula. 
 
 Men'ta-gra. ;: [From men' turn, the 
 “chin,” and uypa, a “seizure.”] A 
 herpetic eruption about the chin, form- 
 ing a tenacious crust like that on a scald 
 head ; the same as Sycosis. 
 
 Men'tal. [Menta'lis; from mens, 
 men'tis, the “mind.”]. Pertaining to 
 the mind. 
 
 Men'tal. [Menta'lis; from men 
 turn, the “chin.”] An anatomical term, 
 signifying belonging to the chin. 
 
 Men'tha.* [From Min' the, a daugh- 
 ter of Cocytus, fabled to have been 
 changed into the herb.] A Linnman 
 genus of the class Didynamia, natural 
 order Labiatse. 
 
 Men'tEfia Pip-e-ri'ta.* (Fr. Menthe 
 poivree, moxt pwd'vui'.) Peppermint. 
 The Pharmaeopceial name for the pep- 
 permint herb. 
 
 Men'tEiia Pu-le gi-um.* (Fr. Pou- 
 liot, poo'le-o'.) The plant pennyroyal; 
 used as carminative, emmenagogue, and 
 stomachic. 
 
 Men 'tin a Sa-ti'va,* Mentha SpL 
 ca'ta,* Mem'tfina \lir'i-dis, ;: Men tha 
 Vul -gu/ris.*' (Fr. Menthe vertc , moxt 
 vent, or Menthe sauvage , moxt so'v&zh'.) 
 Various names for spearmint. Mentha 
 viridis is adopted in the Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Menthe. See Mentha. 
 
 Men-ti'go, fa'inis* [From men' turn, 
 the “chin.”] The samo as Mentagra. 
 
 Men'tu-la.* [Diminutive of men'ta.] 
 The membrum virile, or penis; tho samo 
 as Menta. Formerly applied to tho 
 clitoris. 
 
 Men'tum.^ Tho chin. Applied to 
 the lower and solid part of the proper 
 
 labium. 
 
 Me-ny-an 'theft.** [From /iq.-wo, to 
 
MEN 
 
 MER 
 
 “reveal,” to “show,” and avQoq, a “flow- 
 er;” because its flowers reveal the marshy 
 or swampy character of the ground on 
 which they grow. — (Wittstein.)] A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Pentandria, 
 natural order Gentianacese. Also, the 
 Pharmacopoeial name for the leaves of 
 Menyan'thes trifolia' ta ; the Menyan' this 
 tri folia' tee fo'lia (of the Dub. Ph.). 
 
 Menyan 'thes Tri-fo-li-a'ta.* The 
 trefoil, bog-bean, or buck-bean. 
 
 Me-ny-an ' tfiiin . [Menyan tBiii ' na. ] 
 A starch-like substance obtained from 
 the Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 Me-phit'ic. [Meplltit/icus ; from 
 mepjhi'tis, a “ stench.”] Having a foul, 
 heavy, poisonous smell or vapor. 
 
 Me-plii'tis.* (Latin word for a foul 
 or sulphurous smell.) A foul, noxious, 
 or poisonous exhalation. 
 
 Mer=cap'taaB.* [From Mercu'rius, 
 “Mercury,” and cap' to, to “seize,” or 
 “seize upon.”] A liquid of an ethereal 
 character, named from its energetic 
 action on peroxide of mercury. It is 
 alcohol in which the oxygen is replaced 
 by sulphur. 
 
 Mercnre, meR'kiir/. The French 
 term for Mercury, which see. 
 
 Mer-cai'ri-al. [Mercnria'SSs ; from 
 Mercu'rius, “Mercury.”] Consisting of 
 or belonging to mercury, or quicksilver ; 
 also, sprightly, spirited. 
 
 Mercia rial ISaisam. A term for 
 Citrine Ointment, which see. 
 
 Mercurial Ointment. See Un- 
 guentum Hydrargyri. 
 
 Mereai'rial Tre'nmr. A disorder 
 affecting those employed in trades or 
 occupations which expose them to mer- 
 curial vapors, consisting in convulsive 
 agitation of the voluntary muscles when 
 in exercise. Popularly, the Trembles. 
 
 Mer-en'ri-cns.-- [From Mercu' rius, 
 “Mercury.”] Belonging to mercury. 
 
 Mer-cn'ri-ns.* (The heathen god 
 “Mercury.” The name of a planet.) 
 Applied in Chemistry to the metal quick- 
 silver. See Hydrargyrum, and Mer- 
 cury. 
 
 Mercn'rims €®r-r©-si'vns.* (“Cor- 
 rosive Mercury.”) A name for corro- 
 sive sublimate. See Hydrargyri 
 Chloridum Corrosivum. 
 
 Mercn'rios Corrosi'vus Rat'bes*.^ 
 (“Red Corrosive Mercury.”) See IIy- 
 drargyri Oxidum Rubrum. 
 
 Mercn'rieis IHil'cis Saib-ll-ma'- 
 tns.' :; - (“Sublimated Sweet Mercury.”) 
 A name for calomel. See Hydrargyri 
 Chloridum Mite. 
 
 Mercn'ritrs Prse-cip-bta tns Ar- 
 bus.* (“ White Precipitated Mercury.”) 
 A name for calomel. 
 
 Mercu'rius Frsecipita'tus Ru- 
 
 ber.* (“ Red Precipitated Mercury.”) 
 See Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum. 
 
 Mer'cu-ry. [From Mercu'rius, the 
 Latin name of the god Hermes ; ap- 
 plied to quicksilver on account of its 
 mobility and volatility; Fr. Mercure , 
 meR'kuR'.] Hydrai (jyrum. A metal 
 which is always fluid above a tempera- 
 ture of about 40° below zero. Its sj e- 
 cific gravity is 13.5. It is the only 
 metal which is liquid at common tem- 
 peratures. It boils at 6C0° of Fahren- 
 heit, and its vapor condenses on cool 
 surfaces in minute brilliant globules. 
 For the compounds of mercury, see Hy- 
 drargyrum, Hydrargyri, e!c. 
 
 Mer'I-carp. [Meriear'piiuu ; from 
 pzpig, a “portion,” and Kap nng, “fruit.”] 
 Half a cremocarp ; applied to each of the 
 two portions of fruit of the UmbeUiferve. 
 
 Mer-i-di-al'y-sis.* [From pipog, a 
 “part,” and dial'ysis, a “dissolving.”] 
 A partial cr incomplete solution of a 
 substance. 
 
 Me-rad'S-an. [Meridia'num ; from 
 
 me'diiis , “middle,” and di’es , a “day;” 
 the d being changed to r fer the sake of 
 euphony. See Meridies.] Literally, 
 “belonging to mid-day, or noon.” In 
 Astronomy, a great circle of the sphere, 
 passing through the earth’s axis and the 
 zenith of the spectator. In Geography, 
 a meridian is a great circle (or rather 
 ellipse) passing through the poles of the 
 earth, and crossing the equator at right 
 angles. A particular meridian (some- 
 times one and sometimes another, accord- 
 ing to the usage of different nations) is 
 fixed upon, from which to reckon longi- 
 tude. 
 
 Me-rM'J-es.* [See Meridian.] A 
 Latin word signifying “mid-day,” or 
 “noon;” also, the “south.” 
 
 Me-rid i-o-nal. [MerMiona'lis ; 
 from merid'ies , “noon,” the “south.”] 
 That which is situated on a line to the 
 south in respect to the place spoken of ; 
 southern. 
 
 Meir-I-dFo'sES.- [From pepig, a “ por- 
 tion,” and 'dp g, “ sweat.”] Perspiration 
 occurring in a particular part. 
 
 Mer-is-mal'le. [From pepig, a 
 
 “part.”] In Botany, signifies dividing 
 into parts.— (G ray.) 
 
 Mer'i-thall. [Meritlaal'Eiis; from 
 ptpiq, a “part,” and OaWog, a “branch.”] 
 A name for an internode of plants. 
 
 327 
 
MER 
 
 MES 
 
 Mer'o-^ele.* [From pvpog, the 
 
 u thigh,” and KfiXrj, a “tumor.”] Femo- 
 ral hernia. 
 
 Mer-o-^ell-cus. 5, Belonging to 
 
 merocele. 
 
 Me-ro'pi-a. :!: [From pzpoq, a “part,” 
 and (Zip, “ vision.”] Partial dulness or 
 obscuration of sight. 
 
 Me-rop'i-cus.* Belonging to mero- 
 pia. 
 
 Me'rns.* Pure; unmixed. Applied 
 to wine. 
 
 Mesembryaceae,* me-sem-bre-a'- 
 she-e. A natural order of exogenous, 
 succulent plants, mostly found at the 
 Cape of Good Hope. It includes the 
 Mesembryan' themum (“ Ice-Plant”). 
 
 Me-seii-se-pfial'ic. [Mesemce- 
 plial'iciis; from pzaog, the “middle,” 
 and iy<s(J)a\ov, the “brain.”] Situated 
 over the middle portion of the contents 
 of the head. 
 
 Mes-en-^epli'a-lum.* [From the 
 same.] The middle or centre of the 
 brain. 
 
 Mesentfcre. See Mesentery. 
 
 Mes-eii-ter-em-f>3srax'is.* [From 
 pzaevTtpiov, the “ mesentery,” and zpppa^ig, 
 a “ stoppage.”] Obstruction of the 
 mesentery. 
 
 Jles-en-ter'ic. [Mesenter'icaus.] 
 
 Belonging to the mesentery. 
 
 Mes-en-te-rit'I-cus.* Belonging to 
 
 men enteritis. 
 
 Me-sen-te-ri'tis, idis* or Me-sena- 
 
 te-ri-i'tis, idis* [From mesente'rium, 
 the “ mesentery.”] Inflammation of the 
 mesentery. 
 
 Me-sen-te-roph'tlii-sjs.* [From 
 pzozvrzpioy, the “ mesentery,” and <p6taig, a 
 “wasting.”] Ta’bes mesenter'ica, or a 
 wasting of the mesenteric glands. 
 
 Mes'en-ter-y. [Mesente'rium ; 
 from pzaog, the “ middle,” and zvrzpov, the 
 “ intestine.”] (Fr. Mesentere, mAzoN°'- 
 teit\) The largest process of the peri- 
 tonaeum, to which the jejunum and ileum 
 intestines are attached. 
 
 JIes'I-al. [From pzaog, the “ middle.”] 
 Synonymous with Median. 
 
 Ules'ial Line, otherwise called 3Ie'- 
 <ll-an Line. An imaginary line di- 
 viding the body perpendicularly into 
 two symmetrical portions. See Median. 
 
 Jles'jiier-ism. A theory or system 
 invented or revived by F. A. Mosmer, 
 about the year 1776, referring all phe- 
 nomena of life to a magnetic fluid uni- 
 versally diffused; which fluid is influ- 
 enced, it is alleged, by external agents, 
 especially by certain individuals pccu- 
 328 
 
 liarly, or pre-eminently, endowed with 
 magnetic power. 
 
 Mes'mer-o-Plire-iiol'o-gy. The 
 
 application of Mesmerism to Phrenology. 
 It is alleged by the believers in Animal 
 Magnetism, that, if mesmeric manipula- 
 tions be directed to any phrenological 
 organ, the particular faculty, or propen- 
 sity, proper to that organ, will be called 
 into active exercise. 
 
 Mes-o-brancb'i-ws.* [From pzaog, 
 the “ middle,” and (ipay\ia , the “ gills.”] 
 Applied in the plural neuter {Mesobran ’ - 
 chia) to an order of the Anellata, com- 
 prehending those of which the branchiae 
 occupy the middle of the body, or extend 
 from this point almost to the posterior 
 extremity : mesobranchious. 
 
 [From pzaog, the 
 “middle,” and cse'cum .] A process of 
 the peritonaeum to which the caecum is 
 attached. 
 
 Meso-carp. [Mesocar'fMumi, or 
 Mesocar'pats ; from pzaog, the “mid- 
 dle,” and Kapxog, “fruit.”] The middle 
 layer of a fruit or pericarp. 
 
 Mes-o-^epEu'a-loEi. :: - [From pzaog, the 
 “middle,” and KepdXrj, the “head.”] See 
 Pons Varolii. 
 
 Mes-o-eo'lon.* [From pzaog, the 
 “middle,” and ku>\ov, the “colon intes- 
 tine.”] A process of the peritonaeum to 
 which the colon is attached. 
 
 Mes-o-der'Etmiti.* [From pzaog, the 
 “ middle,” and dzppa , the skin.”] The 
 llete Ma Ipicjli i i. 
 
 Me-sod'me.^ [From pzaog, the “mid- 
 dle,” and dopog, a “ house.”] The medi- 
 astinum. 
 
 Mes-od-iEEn'tis, idis.% [From me- 
 sod'me .] Inflammation of the media- 
 stinum. 
 
 Mcs-o-g , as'trie. [Jlesogas'tricws ; 
 
 from pzaog , the “middle,” and yaar'ip, the 
 “belly.”] Belonging to the middle of 
 the stomach, or belly. 
 
 Mes-o-gas'trl-tiin.* [From the 
 same.] The umbilical region, or middle 
 portion of the abdomen. 
 
 Me-solo-bus.® [From pzaog, “mid- 
 dle,” or “between,” and \o*jcg, a “lobe;” 
 because situated between the lubes (hemi- 
 spheres) of tho brain.] The Corpus 
 callosum. 
 
 Mes-o-me'trl'Um.' 1 -' [From pzaog, 
 the “ middle,” and p'rrpa, tho “womb.”] 
 A cellular vascular membrane, between 
 the body of tho uterus and adjacent 
 parts. 
 
 Mes-o-phlw'nm.^ [From pzaog, tho 
 “ middle,” and <p\oiog, “bark.”] That 
 
MET 
 
 MEG 
 
 portion of tlio bark of plants which is 
 between the ejtiphloeum, or outer bark, 
 a:id the liber , cr inner bark. 
 
 Mes-o-pBuyl'ltuim.'* [From pcaog, tlio 
 “middle,” and ^vWoj, a “leaf/’] The 
 parenohyma of a leaf between the skin 
 cf the two surfaces. 
 
 Me-sopfii'y-tmira.*' [From pbog, the 
 “middle/' and to:>, a “plant.”] The 
 vital knot in plants ; that is to say, the 
 lino of demarcation between the ascend- 
 ing and descending axis. 
 
 Mes-o-rec'tum.# [From pzaog, the 
 “middle,” and rec'tum .] A process of 
 the peritonaeum, to which the rectum is 
 attached. 
 
 Me-sos'cc-lo-^elev* [From mesos'- 
 celum, the “ perinmum,” and KriXrjy a 
 “ tumor.”] Hernia of the perinaeurn. 
 
 Me-sos'^e-lo-play'ma, a tisj® [From 
 mesos' celum, the “ perinaeum,” and <pvpa, 
 a “swelling.”] Perinaeal abscess. 
 
 Me-sos'?e-lum,® or Me-sos'^e-lns.- 
 [From psvog, .“ middle,” or “ between,” 
 and oKtXog, the “leg.”] The perinaeum. 
 
 Mes-o-tlao'rax.* [From [as jo;, the 
 “middle,” and Oipa £, the “chest.”] 
 That part of the chest in insects which 
 gives origin to the second pair of legs. 
 
 Me-sot'i-ca.* [From psuog, the 
 “middle,” or “between/' referring to 
 the substance or matter deposited be- 
 tween the portions of the cellular tissue.] 
 The name of an order in Dr. Good's 
 Nosology, comprising diseases affecting 
 the parenchyma. See Parenchyma. 
 
 Mes'o-t«e~cbi'tis, Id is.* [From 
 mesotce f chium .] Mediastinal pleuritis, 
 or inflammation of the mediastinum. 
 
 Mes-o-toe'ciai-um.*' [From pbrog, 
 the “ middle,” and to'i\o g, a “ wall.”] 
 The same as Mediastinum. 
 
 Mes-o-tym 'pa-nfe. [Mesotym- 
 pan'icus ; from [ ihog , the “middle,” 
 and tympan'icus, “tympanic.”] Applied 
 by Owen to the middle subdivision of the 
 tympanic pedicle which supports the 
 mandible in fishes. 
 
 Me-sox'a-late. [Mesox'alas, st'fis.’] 
 A combination of mesoxalic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Mes-ox-al'ic A^'id. [Mesoxal'i- 
 ciim A^'idum.] A new substance 
 formed on heating to the boiling point 
 a concentrated solution of alloxanate of 
 barytes. 
 
 Me'ta (pem). A Greek preposition 
 signifying “ with,” “ among,” “ between,” 
 “after;” sometimes “over,” “beyond.” 
 When joined with other words, it often de- 
 notes change , and sometimes perversion. 
 
 Me-tab'a-sis.* [From peraSairu, to 
 “pass from one place or state to an- 
 otner.”] A change of disease, or of 
 treatment; or from one thing to an- 
 other, either in the symptoms of a 
 malady, or in the indications for its cure. 
 
 Me-tab'o-la,* or Me-tab'o-le.* 
 [From [xcrajaX Aco, to “change.”] A 
 change, or mutation; a change of place. 
 Also, the same as Metabasis. 
 
 Met-adiol'ic. [Metaliol'icus; from 
 l LZTaSoXri , “change.”] Capable of changing, 
 or being changed. Applied in Physi- 
 ology to phenomena which result from 
 chemical changes either in the cell itself, 
 or in the surrounding cystoblastema. 
 
 Mct-a-ear'pal. [Metacarpa'lis.] 
 Pelonging to the metacarpus. 
 
 Met-a-car'pus.* [From pera y “after,” 
 and KapTriig, the “wrist.”] (Fr. Meta- 
 carpe , m&’tfr'kaRp'.) The group of five 
 cylindrical bones situated between the 
 carpus and fingers. 
 
 Me-ta^-e-twn'ic [from ptrn, denoting 
 “change,” and aq'etcne?] A^'id. One 
 t f the products obtained when sugar is 
 heated with hydrate of potash. It is 
 similar to acetic acid. 
 
 Me-tach'y-sis.* [From per a, “be- 
 yond,” and \voig, an “effusion.”] The 
 process of transfusion. 
 
 Met-a-^y-e'sis.* [From pern, “after,” 
 “beyond,” and Kvr,oig, “uterine gesta- 
 tion.”] Extra-uterine gestation. 
 
 Met-a-gen'e-sis.- [From pera, im- 
 plying “change,” and yei ccig, “ genera- 
 tion.”] A term indicating a series of 
 changes in organic development accord- 
 ing to the law of parthenogenesis. Thus, 
 the Acalephe passes through the infuso- 
 rial and the polype stages, and propa- 
 gates by germination, as well as by 
 spontaneous division, before it acquires 
 sexual organs. This differs from meta- 
 morphosis, in which the individual 
 changes its form. 
 
 Met'al. [Metal' 1 u m ; from pbaWov, 
 a “mine,” or “metal.”] A substance 
 regarded as simple or elementary, and 
 distinguished by a peculiar lustre, result- 
 ing from its opacity and reflective power 
 in regard to light. The metals are con- 
 sidered as electro-positive bodies. 
 
 Me-tallic. [Metal'liens ; from the 
 same.] Relating to metal ; consisting 
 of metal. 
 
 Met-al-li-za'tion. [Metalliza'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from the same.] A conversion 
 into metal. 
 
 Me-tal-lo-dyn'i-a.* [From medal , 
 and otivir], “pain.”] Pain, or illness, in- 
 329 
 
MET 
 
 MET 
 
 duced by working among metals, as the 
 lead colic, and mercurialization. 
 
 Me! -al -log 1 ' ra-phy. [Me tallogra ' - 
 ptiia; from ui^aWov, a “mine,” or “me- 
 tal.” and ypacjjio, to “write.”] A descrip- 
 tion of metals. 
 
 Met'al-loid. [Metalloi'des; from 
 
 fAlraWoif a “mine,” or “metal,” and sldog, 
 a “form.”] Resembling metal. 
 
 Met al-lur-gy. [Metallur'gia ; 
 from itbaWou, a “mine,” or “metal,” and 
 r'l/yn , a “work.”] The art of separating 
 metals from their ores. 
 
 Met-a-mer'ic. [Metamer'icus; 
 
 from n'-ra, implying “change,” and pepog, 
 a “ part.”] Applied to compounds where 
 the elements are the same as in other 
 combinations, but arranged differently. 
 
 Met-a-mor'phl-cus.* Pertaining to 
 change. See De velopmental. 
 
 Met-a-mor-pSiop'si-a.* [From pt- 
 rapoptyocx), to “transform,” and 8ipig, “vis- 
 ion.”] (Fr. Berlue, beR'lii'.) Vision in 
 which objects are changed or distorted. 
 
 Met-a-mer'jdiio-sis. [Lat. Meta- 
 inorpSio'sis ; G r. perapop'pMjtg, from pera- 
 popfpdu, to “transform.”] The change of 
 form which insects and some other ani- 
 mals undergo in passing from one stage 
 of existence to another. The several 
 forms which insects assume are called 
 larva, jmpa or chrysalis, and imago, 
 which last is their perfect state. In 
 Botany, the transformation of one organ 
 into another homologous one. 
 
 Met-a-ptiys'ics. [Metaphys'ica, 
 or Metaptays'ice ; from ptrd, “ after,” 
 and (pvaiKa, the “sc : ence of physics,*” be- 
 cause the study of mind naturally comes 
 after, as it is more difficult than, the 
 science of external nature.] The science 
 which treats of the nature and laws of 
 the mind. “A word employed in popu- 
 lar usage to denote all those inquiries 
 which are conversant about objects other 
 than merely physical and sensible.” — 
 (Brande). 
 
 Me-tas'ta-sis,* plural Me-tas'ta-ses. 
 
 [From pcQiornpi, to “transpose.”] The 
 translation, or shifting, of a disease from 
 one part of the body to another, or to 
 some internal organ. 
 
 Met-a-stat'ic. [Metastat'icus.] 
 
 Belonging to metastasis. 
 
 Met-a-tar'sal. [Metatarsa'lis.] 
 
 Belonging to the metatarsus. 
 
 Mef-<vtar'sus. :: [From gird, “after,” 
 or “below,” and rapaog, the “tarsus.”] 
 (Fr. Metatarse , mAtAtaus'.) The group 
 of five cylindrical bones of the foot, be- 
 tween the tarsus and the toes. Applied 
 330 
 
 in Ornithology to a single bone ending in 
 three pulley-like productions represent- 
 ing the tarsus and metatarsus together. 
 
 Met-a-tho'rax, a 'cis.% [From pera, 
 “after,” or “below,” and 0Xpa£, the 
 “chest.”] The third, or posterior, seg- 
 ment of the thorax of insects. 
 
 Met-a-tro'phi-a.* [From ptrd, im- 
 plying “change, or perversion,” and 
 Tpo jifi, “nourishment.”] Morbid nutrition. 
 
 Met-a-zo'ic. [Metazo'iciis ; from 
 pvrdi, “ after,” or “ below,” and $w> 7 , “ life.”] 
 Applied to the strata of the more ancient 
 rocks which contain the debris of organ- 
 ized bodies, so that one is compelled to 
 regard them as posterior to the appear- 
 ance of vegetables and animals on the 
 surface of the globe. 
 
 Me'te-or. [Meteo'rum; from pc- 
 Tecopo;, “aerial,” “elevated,” “pertaining 
 to the sky.”] A body suspended, or in 
 motion, in the atmosphere, there becom- 
 ing the agent of some phenomenon : also, 
 the phenomena which arise in the at- 
 mosphere. 
 
 Me-te-or'ic. [Meteor'icus.] Be- 
 longing to a meteor, or to the sky. Ap- 
 plied to stones which fall from the heavens 
 in certain circumstances, and to waters 
 which accrue from condensation of the 
 vapors suspended in the atmosphere. 
 
 Me'te-or-ism. [Meteoris'mns; 
 
 from perewpitw, to “raise up.”] The se- 
 cretion of gas or air in the abdomen. 
 
 Me'te-or-o-lite. [Meteorol'ites ; 
 from pcreiopog, “on high,” “aerial,” “per- 
 taining to the sky,” and XiOog, a “ stone.”] 
 Certain stones which fall from the hea- 
 vens after the appearance of meteors; 
 an aerolite. 
 
 Me-te-o-rol'o-gy. [Meteorolo'gia ; 
 
 from perecopog, “aerial,” “elevated,” “per- 
 taining to the sky,” and Xoyog , a “dis- 
 course.”] The science of meteors, or 
 the science which explains the various 
 phenomena of the atmosphere, and 
 treats of the changes of the weather. 
 In its extended signification it comprises 
 Climatology, and one division of Physi- 
 cal Geography. 
 
 Me>th«m'a>ta. $ [From ptrd, “ after,” 
 “among,” or “between,” and alpn, 
 “blood.”] A term applied to the inter- 
 mediate (or capillary) system of blood- 
 vessels. See Capillary. 
 
 Me-thod'ic .tlwl'i-dne. [Medici'- 
 na Metliod'iea.] Medicine as prac- 
 tised by the sect called Medici methodici 
 (Methodists), by exact rules, in opposi- 
 tion to empirical practice. 
 
 MctIi-o-ga.s-tro'sis. :;: [From pifin, 
 
MET 
 
 MET 
 
 "drunkenness,” and gastro’sis, "disease 
 of the stomach.”] Disease of the sto- 
 mach, arising from indulgence in stimu- 
 lating drinks. 
 
 Meth-o-ma'nl-a.* [From p tOp, 
 "drunkenness,” and pavia, "madness.”] 
 Mania a potu, or insanity resulting from 
 drunkenness. 
 
 MetSi'yl. [Methy'le.] A term ap- 
 plied to a newly discovered radical of 
 pyroxylic spirit. 
 
 Meth-y-le'niim.* [From methy'le.] 
 A certain hypothetical base, supposed 
 to be the radical base of a series of or- 
 ganic compounds. 
 
 Metli'y-sis.* [Gr. psdrctg.] Drunk- 
 enness, or intoxication. 
 
 Me-t8iys'tl-ca.* [From the same.] 
 Substances employed for the purposes 
 of exhilaration and inebriation. 
 
 Metis, ma'tes'. The French term for 
 Hybrid, which see. 
 
 Met-o-pan-tral'gi-a.^ [From meto- 
 pan'trum, the "frontal sinus,” and d\yog, 
 "pain.”] Pain in the frontal sinuses. 
 
 Met-o-pan-tri'tis, idis* [From 
 metopan' trum, the "frontal sinus.”] In- 
 flammation in the frontal sinuses. 
 
 Met-o-pan'troii,* or Met-o-pan'- 
 trum. $ [From pznoTtov, the "forehead,” 
 and avrpov, a "cave.”] The frontal sinus. 
 
 Me-to'pon,* or Me-to'pHm.* [From 
 psra, " beyond,” and wip, the " face.”] The 
 front, or forehead. 
 
 Me'tra.* [Gr. prirpa.] The uterus, or 
 womb. 
 
 Me-trse'ml-a.* [From prirpa, the 
 "womb,” and alpa, "bloorl.”] Turges- 
 cence, or swelling of blood, in the womb. 
 
 Me-tra^m-or-rhagS-a.* [From 
 prjrpa, the "womb,” and alpofpayia, an 
 "eruption of blood.”] Haemorrhage 
 from the uterus. 
 
 Me-tral'gi-a. ;;: [From ft tjrpa, the 
 "womb,” and «%<>?, "pain.”] Pain in 
 the uterus. See Hysteralgia. 
 
 Me-tral'gi-cus.* Belonging to me- 
 tralgia : metral'gic. 
 
 Met-ra-iiae'mi-a.* [From prjrpa, the 
 "womb,” and arras' mia, "deficiency of 
 blood.”] Want of blood in the uterus. 
 
 Met-ra-aas'tro-ptie.* [From prjrpa, 
 the "womb,” and avao-poepfj, an "inver- 
 sion.”] Inversion of the uterus. 
 
 Met-rad re'si-a.* [From prjrpa, the 
 "womb,” and atre'sia, " imperforation.”] 
 Imperforation of the uterus. See Hys- 
 ter atresia. 
 
 Me-tra iix'o.* [From prjrpa, the 
 "womb,” and av^, "increase.”] Hyper- 
 trophy of the uterus. 
 
 M£tre, me't’r (French pronunciation 
 metR). [From phpov, a "measure.”] A 
 French measure, equal to 39.371 (or about 
 39£) inches, — in other words, about an 
 English yard and one-tenth. 
 
 Met-rec-to'pi-a.* [From prjrpa, the 
 i‘womb,” and tKronog, "out of place.”] 
 Displacement, or deviation from the 
 normal position, of the womb. 
 
 Met-rec-top ' i-cus.* Belonging to 
 metrectopia: metrectop'ic. 
 
 Met-rel-co'sfs.* [From prjrpa, the 
 "womb,” and fX*o$, an "ulcer.”] Ulcer- 
 ation of the uterus. 
 
 Met-re-Io'sis.* [From pfirpa, the 
 "womb,” and £(Xcw,to "roll round.”] The 
 same as Metranastropiie, which see. 
 
 Met-rem-plirax'is.* [From prirpa , 
 the " womb,” and zp<ppaa(TM, to " obstruct.”] 
 Congestion, or an overloaded condition 
 of the blood-vessels and substance, of 
 the uterus, or womb. 
 
 Met-rcm-ptoy“Se'iK», a tie* [From 
 prjrpa, the " womb,” and eprlmripa, a 
 "windy swelling.”] Sec Physometra. 
 
 Me-tren'cliy-tes.** [From prjrpa , the 
 "womb,” and eyxvco, to "pour in.”] An 
 instrument, or a syringe, for injecting 
 medicated liquors into the uterus. 
 
 Metria. See Puerperal Fever. 
 
 Me-trit'i-cus.* Belonging to metritis. 
 
 Me-tri'tis, idis* [From prjrpa, the 
 "womb.”] Inflammation of the womb. 
 See Hysteritjs, and Uteritis. 
 
 Me-troc'a-$e.* [From prjrpa, the 
 "womb,” and kiikt/, "vice,” or "evil.”] 
 Decay of the uterus, or womb. 
 
 Met ro-car ^i-tio'ma, a tis* [From 
 prjrpa, the "womb,” and KapKivapa, "can- 
 cer.”] Carcinoma, or cancer, of the 
 womb. 
 
 Met-ro-dyn'i-a.* [From prjrpa, the 
 "womb,” and odv^rj, "pain.”] Pain in 
 the uterus. 
 
 Met-ro-mal-a-co'ma, af?s.^ [From 
 pr\rpa, the "womb,” and paXaKOg, "soft.”] 
 Softening of the womb. 
 
 Met-ro-mal-a-co'sis.* [From the 
 same.] The progress or formation of 
 metromalacoma. 
 
 Met-ro-ma'ni-a.^ [From prjrpa, the 
 "womb,” and pa-da, "madness.”] The 
 same as Nymphomania, which see. 
 
 Me-trom'e-ter. [Metrom'etrimi ; 
 from prjrpa, the "womb,” and pkrpo:>, a 
 "measure.”] The same as Hysterome- 
 ter. which see. 
 
 Met-ro-neu'ri-a.* [From prjrpa, the 
 "womb,” and vzvpov, a "nerve.”] A ner- 
 vous affection of the womb. 
 
 Met-ro-pa-tBii'a.* [From pmpa, the 
 
 331 
 
MET 
 
 MIC 
 
 “womb,” and irdOog, “disease.”] An af- 
 fection of the womb. 
 
 Met-ro-per-i-to-ni'tis, id! 8% [From 
 
 pfjrpa, the “ womb,” and peritoni' tis .] In- 
 flammation of the uterus and peritonaeum. 
 
 Met-ro-plule-bi'tis, i dis* [From 
 pfirpa, the “ womb,” and phlcbi'tis.'] In 7 
 flammation of the veins of the womb. 
 
 Me-troph ' t hi-sis.* [From pfjrpa, the 
 “womb,” and <pQ!oig, “ wasting.”] Tabes , 
 or wasting, of the uterus. 
 
 Met-ro-ple-tlio'ra.* [From pfirpa, 
 the “womb,” and 7t\j iQopa, “fulness.”] 
 A plethoric or congested state of the 
 uterus. 
 
 Met-ro-pol 'y-pws.* [From pfirpa , 
 the “ womb,” and pol'ypus .] Polypus of 
 the womb. 
 
 Met-ro-py-opSi ' thi*sis. s [From 
 
 pfjrpa, the “ womb,” vvoj, “ pus,” and (pdimg , 
 “consumption.”] Purulent tabes of the 
 uterus. 
 
 Met-ror-rhag'i-ciis.* Belonging to 
 metrorrhagy. 
 
 Met-ror'rlia-gy. [MetForrtia'gia ; 
 
 from pfirpa, the “ womb,” and pfiyi/vpi, to 
 “break forth.”] Excessive discharge 
 (usually haemorrhage) from the womb. 
 
 Met-ror-rliex'is.* [From pfirpa, the 
 “womb,” and pnfa, a “rupture.”] Rup- 
 ture of the uterus. 
 
 Met ™ r « r- rlifle' a.* [From pfirpa, the 
 “womb,” and pcco, to “flow.”] A dis- 
 charge from the uterus, as of blood, mu- 
 cus, etc. 
 
 Met-ror 'rlio-is, i din.* [From the 
 same.] Haemorrhoidal affection of the 
 womb. 
 
 Met-ro-seir'rBins.* [From pfirpa, 
 the “womb,” and aicifftos, a “hard tu- 
 mor.”] Scirrhus of the uterus. 
 
 Met'ro-scope. [Metrosco'pium ; 
 from pfirpa, the “womb,” and oKonicj, to 
 “ examine.”] An instrument for examin- 
 ing the uterus. 
 
 Met-ro-sco'pi-a.* [From the same.] 
 Investigation of the uterus : metros'copy. 
 
 Met-ro-ste-re'sis.* [From ft-irpa, the 
 “ womb,” and arep'ioig, “privation.”] Ex- 
 tirpation, or removal, of the uterus. 
 
 Met ro-tomp. [Metrot onuw: from 
 pfjrpa, the “womb,” and rtpv o>, to “cut.”] 
 The same as Hysteratome, which see. 
 
 Met-ro-to'mi-a.* [From the same.] 
 Metrot'omy. The same as Hysterotomy. 
 
 Met>ro-t©m'I-cus.* Of, or belong- 
 ing to, metrotomia. 
 
 M e t-r y- pe r-a*s- the'Kis. $ [ F ro m 
 
 pfjrpa, the “womb,” and hypevtestke’sis, 
 “excessive sensibility.”] Too great sen- 
 sibility or irritability of the womb. 
 
 332 
 
 Met-ry-per-tro'plai-a.- [From pfirpa, 
 the “womb,” and hypertro’phia, “hy- 
 pertrophy.”] Hypertrophy of the womb. 
 
 Meurtrissure, muR'tr&'siiR'. The 
 French term for Contusion, which see. 
 
 Mez-e-re'um,' 5 or Me-zere-on.* 
 Pharmacopoeial names || of the root-bark 
 of Daph’ne mezere'um, or mezereon. Used 
 as a diaphoretic, diuretic, and alterative, 
 and sometimes externally as an epi- 
 spastic. 
 
 Miasm. [Miasma, a tis; from 
 piaivo), to “ pollute,” to “ corrupt.”] Float- 
 ing and impalpable morbific effluvia, the 
 product of decay or putrefaction of ani- 
 mal and vegetable substances. 
 
 Mi ■as'ma-ta, i: the plural of Miasma . 
 See Miasm. 
 
 Ml-as-mat'ic. [Miasmat'icus.] 
 
 Belonging to miasm. 
 
 Mi 'ca.* [From mi'co , to “glister.”] 
 A mineral of a laminated and glittering 
 appearance. It is one of the constitu- 
 ents of granite. 
 
 Mi ca.* [From poocog, Doric for pixpog, 
 “little.”] A term for a crumb, or small 
 portion broken off from any thing. 
 
 Mi-ca'ceous. [Mica'ceus ; from 
 mi'ca.] Belonging to, or resembling, 
 mica. 
 
 Micatio (mi-ka'she-o), o'nis.® [From 
 mi’co, mica’ turn , to “glitter,” to “flash.”] 
 Rapid winking of the eyelids. 
 
 Mic. pan. = Mi’ca pa’nis .* “ Crumb 
 of bread.” 
 
 Mie-ran-a-to'mi-a.* [From pucpdg, 
 “small,” and anato’mia, “anatomy.”] 
 Microscopic anatomy. 
 
 Mic-ran-a-tom l-cus.* Belonging 
 
 to micranatomia. 
 
 Mic-ris-tol o-gy. [Micristolo'^ia ; 
 
 from pocpog, “small,” and histolo’ gia, 
 “histology.”] The science which treats 
 of the minutest organic fibres. 
 
 Mic-ro-car'pus.* [From pixpdg, 
 “small,” and Kapnog, “fruit.”] Having 
 small fruit. Also applied to mosses that 
 have small urns. 
 
 Mic-ro-^epli'a-lns.* [From pt*p6g, 
 “small,” and KecpdXfi, the “head.”] Hav- 
 ing flowers disposed in small heads. 
 In Zoology, having a small head. 
 
 Mic-ro-<*lie'ml-a.* [From pucpog , 
 “small,” and chc’mia , “chemistry.”] 
 Minute chemical investigation, respect- 
 ing, for example, the constitution of the 
 atmosphere, organic, vegetable, and 
 animal juices, etc. : microchem'istrv. 
 
 Mic-ro-chem'I-cus.* Belonging to 
 microehemia : microchem'ical. 
 
 I Mi'cro-cofcm. [Miorocos'nms % 
 
MIC 
 
 MIL 
 
 from uiKpSg , “ little, ” “ minute,” and k6<j- 
 pog, a “ world.”] Literally, a “ little 
 world.” A term applied to man, as pre- 
 senting in his mind, or organization, an 
 epitome or similitude of the great world, 
 or j Macrocosm. 
 
 Mi-cro-cos'mic. [Microcos'mi- 
 cus.] Belonging to a microcosm. 
 
 Microcos'mic Salt. A triple salt 
 of soda, ammonia, and phosphoric acid, 
 obtained from urine: so named because 
 found in the human body. 
 
 Mi-cro-cos-mog'ra-pliy- [Micro- 
 
 cosmogra'pltia; from mi' crocosm , and 
 ypdip(i>, to “write.”] A description of the 
 microcosm, or human body. 
 
 Mi-cro-cos-mol'o-gy- [Mierocos- 
 molo'gia; from mi' crocosm, and Xoyoj, 
 a “ discourse.”] A treatise op the human 
 body. 
 
 Mic'ro-don, on 'tis* [From \ uucpog, 
 “small,” and oSovg, a “tooth.”] Having 
 short or small teeth. 
 
 Mic-ro-glos'si-a.* [From piKpdg, 
 “ small,” and yXc doo-a, the “tongue.”] 
 Congenital smallness of the tongue. 
 
 Mic-ro-grapli'ic. [Micrograph 
 icus.] Belonging to micrography. 
 
 Mi-crog'ra-pliy. [Microgra'phia ; 
 from fjuxpdg, “minute,” and ypdipoj, to 
 “write.”] An account of microscopic 
 investigations. 
 
 Mi-crol'o-gy. [Microlo'gia; from 
 pi Kpog, “ minute,” and \6yog, a “discourse.”] 
 The doctrine or science of minute ob- 
 jects, as microscopical animals and 
 plants. 
 
 Ml-crom'e-ter. [Microm'etrum ; 
 
 from piKpog , “ minute,” and pzrpov, a “ mea- 
 sure.”] An instrument for ascertaining 
 the dimensions of very minute objects 
 under the microscope. 
 
 Mi-cro-met'ric. Belonging to the 
 micrometer. 
 
 Mic-ro-pet'a-lns.* [From piKpog , 
 “ small,” and ttztoXov, a “ petal.”] Having 
 short or small petals. 
 
 Mic-roph-tlial'mi-a.* [From p'Kpog, 
 “little,” and 6:(>9a\p6g, the “eye.”] A 
 morbid shrinking or wasting of the eye- 
 balls. 
 
 Ml-cro-pltyllons. [Microphyl'- 
 Ins; from piKpog, “little,” and cpvWov, a 
 “leaf.”] Having small leaves. 
 
 Ml'cro-pyle. [Microp'yla; from 
 piKpog, “ little,” and 7ruXi7, a “ gate.”] The 
 orifice of a seed. 
 
 Mi'cro-scope. [Microsco'piom; 
 
 from piKpog , “minute,” and ckottzio, to 
 “examine.”] An optical instrument by 
 which minute objects, scarcely or not at 
 29 
 
 all visible to the naked eye, may be dis- 
 tinctly seen. 
 
 Mi-c ro-scop' ic, Ml-cro-scop ' ic-al. 
 
 [Microscop'icns; from the same.] Re- 
 lating to a microscope ; like a microscope ; 
 so minute, as can only be seen by means 
 of a microscope. 
 
 Mio-ro-sper'imis.* [From piKpdg , 
 “minute,” and cmzppa, a “seed.”] Hav- 
 ing very small seeds or grains. 
 
 Mic-ro-sphyx'i-a.* [From piKpdg , 
 “little,” and (npv^ig, the “pulse.”] Small- 
 ness and. weakness of pulse. 
 
 Mic-ro-sta'chy-us.* [From piKpog , 
 “little,” and craws, an “ear,” or 
 “ spike.”] Having flowers disposed in 
 small spikes. 
 
 Mic'tion. [Mic'tio, o' nia; from 
 min' (jo, mic'tum, to “ pass water.”] The 
 act of passing water. 
 
 Mic-tu-ri'tion. [Micturi'tio, o 'nis; 
 from mictu'rio, to “ desire to make wa- 
 ter.”] A constant inclination to pass 
 water. 
 
 Mid'rib. The middle or main rib of 
 a leaf. 
 
 Mid'rifT. [Anglo-Saxon, mid, “mid- 
 dle,” and hrift the “ belly.”] The dia- 
 phragm. 
 
 Mid' wife. (Lat. Obstet'rix, ids; 
 
 Fr. Sage Femme, s&zh f&inm, or Ac- 
 coucheuse, d'koo'shuz'.) A woman who 
 delivers women with child; a female ob- 
 stetrician. 
 
 Miel, me-el'. The French term for 
 “honey.” See Mel. 
 
 Migraine, m^'gnen' or m^'gn&n'. 
 The French term for Hemicrania, which 
 see. 
 
 Mi-gra'tion. [Migra'tio, o 'nis; 
 from mi'gro, migra'tum, to “remove from 
 one place to another.”] The passage 
 or flight from one country to another. 
 Applied particularly to migratory ani- 
 mals. 
 
 Mi'gra-to-ry. [Migrato'rins; from 
 the same.] Passing instinctively and 
 habitually from one region or latitude to 
 another, on account of the change of the 
 season, as certain kinds of birds. 
 
 Mil-i-a'ri-a.* [From mil' turn, “mil- 
 let.”] (Fr. Miliaire, me'i^'eR'.) Also 
 • called Febris mi liaris. A disease attended 
 with eruption of small red pimples; mili- 
 ary fever. A genus of the order Exan- 
 themata, class Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. 
 
 Miliary Fever. See Miliaria. 
 
 Mil'i-ta-ry Med'i-cine, Military 
 Swr'ge-ry. [ Medici 'na Milita'ris.] 
 
 The treatment of the diseases and 
 
 333 
 
MIL 
 
 Mill 
 
 wounds of soldiers; of which some of 
 the former, and most of the latter, are 
 peculiar to military life. 
 
 Milium. See Grutujt, and Aquula. 
 
 Milk. [Lat. Eac, Lac'tte; Gr. yuXa, 
 yiiXaKro 5; Fr. Laity 14.] A fluid secreted 
 by the mammary glands of the female of 
 Mammalia. According to Brande, a 
 thousand parts of skimmed milk con- 
 tain 929 parts of water, 28 parts of curd, 
 35 parts of sugar, and 6 parts of lactic 
 acid. Cream is composed of about 
 45-1000 of butter, 35-1000 of curd, and 
 920-1000 of whey. 
 
 Milk-Bearing'. See Lactiferous. 
 
 Milk-Blotcli. SeePoRRiGoLARVALis. 
 
 Milk, Deficiency of. See Agalac- 
 tia. 
 
 Milk, Excessive Flow of. See 
 
 Galactirriicea. 
 
 Milk Fe'ver. [Fe'kris ILac'tea.] 
 
 A fever accompanying or preceding the 
 secretion of milk in women soon after 
 delivery. 
 
 Milk of Sulphur. [Eac SniF- 
 plmris.] Precipitated sulphur. 
 
 Milk-Pump. See Antlia Lactea. 
 
 Milk-Scab. See Porrigo Larvalis. 
 
 Milk-Sick'ness. An endemic dis- 
 ease in theWestern States, including Ohio, 
 Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, etc., result- 
 ing, it is supposed, from the milk being 
 poisoned by something eaten by the cow. 
 
 Milk-Teetfia. The first, or temporary, 
 teeth. 
 
 Mil'le-pecI, or Mil'IS-pede. [Mil- 
 
 lepes, edis ; from mille, a “thousand,” 
 and pes, a “ foot.”] A name applied to 
 several insects having a multitude of 
 feet. 
 
 Mil'li-g-ramme. [From mille , a 
 “thousand,” and gramme.'] A French 
 weight, the 1000th part of a gramme , 
 equal to 0.015 of a grain avoirdupois, or 
 one sixty-sixth of a grain troy. 
 
 Millilitre, mil'le-leVr or m&’le'litR'. 
 [From mille, a “thousand,” and litre.] 
 A French measure of capacity, the 1000th 
 part of a litre ; equal to 0.0010 of an 
 English cubic inch. 
 
 Millimetre, mil-lc-mc't’r (French 
 pronunciation, m6rie'mctR'). [From 
 mille, a “thousand,” and metre.] A 
 French measure, the 1000th part of a 
 metre, equal to 0.039, or one twenty-sixth, 
 of an English inch. 
 
 Ml-met'ac. [Mfmct'icMs; from 
 p'mwiq, an “ imitation.”] Resembling 
 or imitating others. 
 
 Ml-mog'ra-phy- [lliimogra'plliiga; 
 from fvfx'oiia', to “gesticulate,” and ypd/ico, 
 334 
 
 to “write.”] A treatise or dissertation 
 on gesticulation or expression by signs. 
 
 Mi-mo 'sa.* The sensitive plant. A 
 Linnaean genus of the class Pobjgamia, 
 natural order Leguminosee or Fabaceee. 
 
 Mimosa Fat'e-cku.* The Acacia 
 catechu. 
 
 Mimo'sa Ki-Iot'I-ca,* Mimao'sa 
 Sen 'e-gal.* The Acacia vera. 
 
 Mimoseae,* me-mo'she-c. A family, 
 or sub-order, of plants, belonging to the 
 natural order Leguminosee. It includes 
 the Mimosa. 
 
 Min. = Minimum .* See Minim. 
 
 Min-dler-e'ri, Spir'i-tus. - [From 
 
 Min'derer , or Mindere’rus, who first ex- 
 hibited it.] The Li'quor amino'nice acc- 
 ia'tis (“Solution of the Acetate of Am- 
 monia”). It is a valuable diaphoretic, 
 and is much used in fevers and inflam- 
 matory diseases. 
 
 Min'e-ral. [Minera'Iis; from mi'na, 
 a “mine.”] Literally, “belongingto a 
 mine,” and originally applied especially 
 to metallic ores. The term now de- 
 notes any inorganic substance found 
 in or on the earth. Minerals constitute 
 one of the three grand divisions of nature, 
 called the mineral kingdom. 
 
 Min'eral Green. A hydrated sub- 
 carbonate of copper, used as a pig- 
 ment. 
 
 Mln'eral Oil. A common name for 
 
 petroleum. 
 
 Min'eral Pitcii. A species of solid 
 bitumen. 
 
 Min'cral Tar. The Petro’leum Bar - 
 
 baden'se. 
 
 Min'cral Tur'pen-tine. A sub- 
 stance obtained from coal oil, and used 
 in painting as a substitute for turpentine. 
 It is the same as rectified Benzine. 
 
 Mineral Waters. See Aqua: Mine- 
 RALES. 
 
 Min -e-ral-a-za ' t ion . [Min e ral I- 
 
 za'tio, o'nis; from minera'le, a “min- 
 eral.”] The state or process of a me- 
 tallic substance being deprived of its 
 usual properties by combination with 
 some other substance. 
 
 Min-er-a-log'i-cal. [Mincralog'- 
 icais.] Belonging to Mineralogy. 
 
 Min-e-ral'o-gisl. [From minera'le, 
 a “mineral.”] One who is well skilled 
 or versed in Mineralogy. 
 
 M in-e-ral o-gy. [Mincralo'gia ; 
 from minera'le, a “ mineral/' and X'ya;, 
 a “ discourse.”] The science which tre ts 
 of the properties, composition, and rela- 
 tions of mineral. 
 
 Mi n-e-rog' ra-pDi y . [Mi ncrogra 
 
MIN 
 
 MIS 
 
 phia; from miner a* le, a "mineral,” and 
 yi)d(l)a), to "write.”] The same as Mine- 
 ralogy. 
 
 Min inn. [Min'imirai; from min'i- 
 vuis, the "smallest,” implying that it is 
 the smallest liquid measure.] The sixtieth 
 part of a fluidrachm, nearly equivalent 
 to a drop. 
 
 Min'i-um.* The red oxide of lead; 
 red lead. 
 
 Mint. The common name for the 
 genus Mentha ; also, Mentha piperita, or 
 peppermint. 
 
 Mi-im-tl-fiWriis.** [From minu'tus, 
 "small,” and jlos, a "flower.”] Having 
 small flowers. 
 
 Miocene. [From psfov, "less,” 
 "fewer,” and kcuvos, "recent.”] A term 
 applied to the middle tertiaries ; so called 
 because they contain fewer recent shells 
 than the Pliocene, or upper tertiaries. 
 
 Mirage (Fr.), me'r&zh'. An optical 
 illusion which is produced by unequal re- 
 fraction in the lower strata of the atmo- 
 sphere, and which causes remote objects 
 on the sea or land to be seen double, or 
 to appear to be suspended in the air. 
 When inverted images are formed, the 
 Italians give it the name of Fata Mor- 
 gana (f&'tA inor-g&'nil). 
 
 Mis-am'tSuro-py. [Misantlhro'paa; 
 from /xiaog, “ hatred,” and avOpamo;, "man.”] 
 Hatred of mankind, or their society. 
 
 Miscarriage. See Abortion. 
 
 Mis-e-re're ffle'P (i.e. "Have 
 mercy on me”). A name for Iliac pas- 
 sion, because of its torments. 
 
 Mis-lac-ta ' t non. [Mislacta'tio, 
 o ' hi*.] A defective or vitiated condi- 
 tion of milk; the same as G-alactia. 
 
 Mismenstr nation. Sec Paramenia. 
 
 Mismicturi&iou. See Paruria. 
 
 Mis-og ' y-nous. [Misog'y urns ; from 
 (uo-o?, "hatred,” and yvvrj, a "woman.”] 
 Hating women. 
 
 Mis-op-sy'cEnn-a.^ [From / dao ;, 
 "hatred,” and \f/yxh, "life.”] Hatred or 
 weariness of life; melancholy, with dis- 
 gust of life. 
 
 MisossificaMon. See Par ostia. 
 
 Mis-o-zo'I-a.- [From [xiaog, " hatred,” 
 and %Mrj , " life.”] Hatred cr disgust of life. 
 
 Mist. = Mistu'ra* "A mixture.” 
 
 Mis'tle-toe, Mi&'el-toe, or Mis'sel- 
 to. [Vis'cum Album.] A parasitical 
 plant, growing on the branches of many 
 kinds of trees, and well known in con- 
 nection with the Druidical ceremonies. 
 The powder of its leaves has been used 
 as a remedy in epilepsy. 
 
 Mis-tu'ra.* [From vns'cco, mis' turn 
 
 or mix* turn, to "mix,” to "mingle.”] (Fr. 
 Mixtion , m&ks'te-^No', and Potion, po'- 
 se-<W'.) A mixture. A fluid composed 
 of two or more ingredients. 
 
 Mistu'ra Am-mo-ni'a-ci.^ ("Mix- 
 ture of Ammoniac.”) Take of ammo- 
 niac, one hundred and twenty grains; 
 water, half a pint. Rub the ammoniac 
 with the water, gradually added, until 
 they are thoroughly mixed, and strain. 
 
 Mistu'ra A-myg'da-Iav* (" Mix- 
 ture of Almond.”) Take of sweet 
 almond, half a troyounce; gum arabic, 
 in fine powder, thirty grains; sugar, 
 one hundred and twenty grains; dis- 
 tilled water, eight fluidounces. Having 
 blanched the almond, beat it with the 
 gum arabic and sugar in a mortar, until 
 they are thoroughly mixed; then rub 
 the mixture with the distilled water, 
 gradually added, and strain. 
 
 Mistu'ra As-sa-foet'I-dse.#' ("Mix- 
 ture of Assafoetida.”) Take of assafoe- 
 tida, one hundred and twenty grains; 
 water, half a pint. Rub the assafoetida 
 with the water, gradually added, until 
 they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 Mistu'ra Clilo-ro-for'mi.* (" Mix- 
 ture of Chloroform.”) Take of purified 
 chloroform, half a troyounce; camphor, 
 sixty grains; the yolk of one egg; 
 water, six fluidounces. Rub the yolk 
 in a mortar, first by itself, then with the 
 camphor, previously dissolved in the 
 chloroform, and lastly with the water, 
 gradually added, so as to make a uni- 
 form mixture. 
 
 Mistu'ra Oe'tav* ("Mixture of 
 Chalk-,” or " Chalk-Mixture.”) Take of 
 prepared chalk, half a troyounce ; sugar, 
 gum arabic, in fine powder, each one 
 hundred and twenty grains ; cinnamon- 
 water, water, each four fluidounces. Rub 
 them together until they are thoroughly 
 mixed. 
 
 Mistu'ra Bi -a-bol 'i- ca .* ("Dia- 
 bolical Mixture.”) A nauseous mixture 
 sometimes given, in small doses, to per- 
 sons feigning disease, but so frequently 
 repeated as to maintain the taste of its 
 nauseous components, and thus to pro- 
 voke a confession. 
 
 Mistu'ra Fer'ri fom-pos i-ta.- 
 
 ("Compound Mixture of Iron.”) Take 
 of myrrh, sugar, each sixty grains; car- 
 bonate of potassa, twenty-five grains; 
 sulphate of iron, in coarse powder, 
 twenty grains; spirit of lavender, half a 
 fluidounce ; rose-water, seven fluidounces 
 and a half. Rub the myrrh, sugar, and 
 carbonate of potassa with the rose-water 
 335 
 
MOL 
 
 MIS 
 
 gradually added, then with the spirit of 
 lavender, and lastly with the sulphate 
 of iron, and pour the mixture immedi- 
 ately into a bottle, which must be well 
 stopped. 
 
 Mistn'ra Glys-yr-rM'zoe €ojm- 
 pos'i-ta.* (“ Compound Mixture of 
 Liquorice. ”) Brown Mixture. Take 
 of liquorice, in fine powder, sugar, in 
 coarse powder, gum arable, in fine pow- 
 der, each half a troyounce ; camphor- 
 ated tincture of opium, two fluidounces; 
 wine of antimony, a fluidouncc; spirit 
 of nitrous ether, half a fluidounce; 
 water, twelve fluidounces. Bub the 
 liquorice, sugar, and gum arabic with 
 the water, gradually added ; then add 
 the other ingredients, and mix the whole 
 together. 
 
 Mistn'ra Po-tas'sae Cl-tra'tis* 
 
 (“ Mixture of Citrate of Potassa”), or 
 liiq'uor Potas'sse Citra'tis,* 1350 
 (“ Solution of Curate of Potassa”); 
 also called Xeu'tral Mix'tnrc. Take 
 of lemon-juice, fresh, half a pint; bicar- 
 bonate of potassa, a sufficient quantity. 
 Add the bicarbonate gradually to the 
 lemon -juice, until the acid is completely 
 saturated ; then strain through muslin. 
 
 Mis-tu'rae,* the plural of Mistura, 
 which see. 
 
 Math ri-ilate. [MitSnrMa'tiimm ; 
 said to have been invented or used by 
 Mithrida'tes, King of Pontus.] A prep- 
 aration of numerous ingredients, for- 
 merly regarded as an antidote against 
 poisons, but now litCejused. 
 
 Mit l-gat-ing*. [Mit'ig’ams, a n'tis; 
 from mit'igo , to “ assuage.”] Allaying, or 
 palliative. Applied to remedies which 
 lull, assuage, or soothe pain. 
 
 Mi'tra.* [From pirpa, a “ mitre,” or 
 “ turban.”] Applied to the hat of mush- 
 rooms when it is low, thick, round, and 
 plaited. In Surgery, a fillet or bandage 
 applied on the head. 
 
 Mi tral. [Mitra'lis; from mi’tra, a 
 "turban,” or “ mitre.”] Belonging to a 
 mitre, or shaped like a mitre. 
 
 Mi'tral Valves. Applied to the left 
 auriculo-vcntricular valves, from their 
 shape. 
 
 Mi-trl-for'mis.* [From mi'tra, a 
 “ turban,” or “ mitre.”] Having tho form 
 of a mitre. 
 
 Mitt. = Mil' to,* “send;” Mitta'tur * or 
 Mittan'tur,® “let there be drawn.” 
 
 Mitt. Sang. = Mitta'tur san'yuis* 
 “Let blood be drawn.” 
 
 Mixed Fe'ver. [Ryn'oclms.] A 
 mixture of the symptoms of inflamma- 
 336 
 
 tory and typhus fever, being a combina- 
 tion of Synoclia and Typhus. 
 
 Mixtura. See Mistura. 
 
 Mne-mon'ic. [Mnecnon'icus.] 
 Belonging to mnemonics. 
 
 Mnemonics, ne-mon'iks. [Mme- 
 mosi'ica, orMnemon'ice; from pvrjprj, 
 the “memory.”] The art of memory, or 
 of remembering. 
 
 Mo-hil'i-ty. [MoMl'itias, u’tis; 
 from mo'hilis , “movable.”] A capa- 
 bility of motion; ability or tendency to 
 move with rapidity or ease; tendency to 
 change. 
 
 Mocli'lt-nm.* [Gr. pox\iov, diminu- * 
 tive of po\K6;, a vectis, or “lever.”] A 
 small vectis. An instrument used in ob- 
 stetrical surgery. 
 
 Moda'lus.* [Gr. The vectis , 
 
 or lever. 
 
 Moc-Main. The produce of the 
 BomLax heptaphyllum , being a white 
 shining substance of great lightness and 
 elasticity. 
 
 Mo-dl'o-lar. [Motliola'ris.] Be- 
 longing to the modiolus ; having the 
 form of the nave of a wheel. 
 
 Mo-ali'o-IS-forir*. [Modiolifor'mis ; 
 
 from modi' ol us, a “small measure.”] 
 Having the shape or form of the nave of 
 a wheel. 
 
 Mo-di'o-lixs.* [Diminutive of mo’ - 
 dius , a “measure.”] Literally, a “small 
 measure;” also, the nave of a wheel. 
 Applied to the central pillar of the 
 cochlea of the ear. 
 
 Mo'cfii-us,* the chief Boman mea- 
 sure for things dry, was equal to one- 
 third of a cubic foot, and rather more 
 than an English peck. 
 
 Mod. prses. = Mo' do prsescrip'to . * 
 
 “ In the manner directed.” 
 
 Moellc, mo'ell'. The French term for 
 Marrow, which see. 
 
 Mo'la.** A molar tooth. The patella, 
 or kneepan. Also, a shapeless, fleshy 
 mass in the uterus. Sec Mole (Moles). 
 
 Mo lar. [Mola'ris; from mo'la, a 
 “mill.”] Applied to the grinder teeth. 
 
 Mo'Sar Glands. Two small bodies 
 placed between the masseter and bucci- 
 nator muscles, having the orifice of the ir 
 excretory duct opposite tho last molar 
 tooth. 
 
 Mo'lar Teeth. [Lat. Mola'res 
 l>en'tes; Fr. Dents Molaircs , doN® mo'- 
 Icr'.] The grinders, or double-teeth, 
 situated in tho back part of the jaw. 
 
 Mo-liir-I-for'mts.* [From mola’ris , 
 
 “ molar.”] Besembling the molar teeth. 
 
 Mo-las'scs. The uncrystallizable 
 
MOL 
 
 MOM 
 
 part of the juice of the sugar-cane; also 
 called Melasses, and Treacle. 
 
 Mole. [Anglo-Saxon, Maal , or Mai , 
 a “spot,” or “mark.”] A small brown- 
 ish spot (Lat. use' ous, or mac'ula) on the 
 skin, generally presenting a few hairs. 
 In Zoology, the genus Talpa. 
 
 Mole. [Mo'les, i.e. a “mass.”] A 
 name applied to a fleshy mass or tumor 
 sometimes found in the uterus. See 
 Mo LA. 
 
 Molecula. See Molecule. 
 
 Mo-lec'u-lar. [Molecula'ris ; 
 
 from molec'ula, a “ molecule.”] Be- 
 longing to a molecule ; consisting of 
 molecules. 
 
 Molec'ular At-trac'tion. [At- 
 trac'tio Molecula'ris.] The power 
 supposed inherent in molecules of mat- 
 ter, which exerts itself at distances inap- 
 preciable, or at the point of contact, and 
 inclines them to combine one with the 
 other. 
 
 Mol'e-cale. [Molec'ula; diminu- 
 tive of mo'les , a “ mass.”] A “ little 
 mass.” The smallest particle of matter 
 conceivable. Applied to that exceed- 
 ingly minute body, in morbid products, 
 in which we can discover no deter- 
 minate external circle and internal 
 centre. Also, the same as Blastoderm, 
 which see. 
 
 Mol'ecules, Con-stit'u-ent. Those 
 of each element comprised in an inte- 
 grant molecule of a compound. 
 
 Mol'ecules, Integrant. The 
 
 smallest particles into which it is con- 
 ceivable to divide a simple body, or a 
 compound body without resolving it into 
 its elements. 
 
 Mo-len-di-na'ceous. [Molendi- 
 
 na'ceus; from molendi'nnm, a “mill.”] 
 Resembling a wind-mill. Applied to 
 seeds having many wings. 
 
 Mo-li'men, lim 'inis* [From mo'- 
 lior, to “labor,” or “struggle.”] An 
 effort ; struggle, or endeavor. 
 
 Moli'men llsem-or-rlias'i-cuiii,^ 
 or Moli'men Men-siru-a'le.* The 
 menstrual period or effort. 
 
 Mollities,* mol-lish'e-ez. [From 
 mol'lisy “soft.”] Softness; tenderness. 
 
 Mollities Cerebri. See Softening 
 of the Brain. 
 
 Molli'ties Os'sium* (osh'e-um). 
 (“Softening of the Bones.”) (Fr. Osteo- 
 malacie , os't&Vm&'li’i's^'.) A disease in 
 which the bones become preternaturally 
 flexible, either from* an inordinate ab- 
 sorption, or an imperfect secretion of the 
 phosphate of lime. — (Mayne.) Accord- 
 29 * 
 
 ing to Virchow, it is produced simply by 
 the conversion of bone into medullary 
 tissue. 
 
 Mol-lus'ca,* or Mol'lusks. [From 
 
 nwl'lis , “soft.”] The second of the four 
 great primary divisions of animals, hav- 
 ing soft bodies, and no internal skele- 
 tons, as shell-fish. 
 
 Mol-lus'cotis. [Mollus'cus ; from 
 the same.] Relating to the Mollusca. 
 
 Mol-lus'cuni.* [From the same.] 
 A disease of the skin in which numerous 
 atheromatous tumors occur, varying in 
 size from a pea to a pigeon’s egg. So 
 called because the tumors resemble in 
 consistency the bodies of molluscous 
 animals. They possess little sensibility, 
 without constitutional disturbance, and 
 have apparently no natural termination. 
 
 Mollusks. See Mollusca. 
 
 Mol-uc-^en'se Lig'nuin. $ (“Mo- 
 lucca Wood.”) The wood of the Croton 
 tiglium ; also called Lignum Pavante. 
 
 Mo'ly, yo#.* [Gr. /xtoAu.] The spe- 
 cific name of a species of garlic; the 
 Allium moly of Linnaeus. 
 
 Molybda»mim* (mol-ib-de'num), or 
 Mol-yb-dse'im.* [From ix6\v66og, 
 
 “lead.”] A brittle metal which exists 
 in the native sulphuret of molyb- 
 daena. 
 
 Mo-Iyb'date. [Molyb'das, oi'tis.] 
 A combination of molybdic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Molybdena. See Molybd^ena. 
 
 Molybdenum. See Molybdenum. 
 
 Mo-Iyb'die. [Molyb'dicus.] Be- 
 longing to molybdaenum. Applied to an 
 acid obtained from it. 
 
 Mo-lyb-do-coli-ca.* [From (xo\v6- 
 tog, “ lead,” and eol'ica, “ colic.”] Molyb- 
 docolic. Lead-colic, or bowel complaint 
 the effect of lead-poison. 
 
 Mo-ly b-do-i 'des.* [From n6\v6fog, 
 “lead,” and dfog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling lead : molyb'doid. 
 
 Mo-lyb-don'o-sos,* or Mo-lyb- 
 don'o-sus.* [From po\"6?os, “lead,” 
 and voaog, “disease.”] Lead-disease, or 
 lead-colic. 
 
 Mo-lyb-do-spas'mus.* [F rom 
 
 jxoXvShog, “lead,” and spas'mus , a 
 “ spasm.”] Cramp or spasm caused by 
 the poisonous influence of lead. 
 
 Mo-lyb'dous. [Molybdo'stis; 
 
 from molybdenum.] Belonging to mo- 
 lybdaenum. 
 
 Mo-men'tum.* [From mo’men , a 
 “ motion,” or “ impulse.”] The momen- 
 tum of a body is the product of its 
 weight (or mass) and its velocity. It is 
 337 
 
MOM 
 
 MON 
 
 synonymous with the phrase quantity of 
 motion. 
 
 Mo-mor'di-ca.* [From mor'deo, 
 preterite momor'di, to “ bite.”] A Lin- 
 ncean genus of the class Moncecia, natu- 
 ral order Cucurbitacese. 
 
 Moinor'dica EI-a-te'ri-um.* The 
 
 plant which produces the wild or squirt- 
 ing cucumber. 
 
 Mon-a-caii'thus.*' [From p ovog, 
 “ alone,” “ single,” “only one,” and 
 aKavQa, a “ spine.”] Having but one 
 spine : monacanthous. 
 
 Mon 'ad. [Mo 'nas, ad is ; from 
 
 posdg, ( lovadog , a “ unit.”] An ultimate 
 atom; a primary constituent of matter. 
 Also applied to the most minute of the 
 Infusoria. 
 
 Mon-a-del'phi-a.* [From povog, 
 “ alone,” or “single,” and adeXpog, a 
 “ brother.”] The sixteenth class in the 
 Linnaean system of plants, including 
 those whose filaments are united in a 
 single brotherhood, — that is, set, or 
 column. 
 
 Mon-a-del'ptioiis. [Monadel'- 
 pliius; from the same.] Having a 
 single brotherhood : monadel'phious. 
 See Monadelphia. 
 
 Mo-nan'dri-a.* [From povog, “ sin- 
 gle,” and dvqp, a “ man,” or “ male.”] 
 The first class in the Linnaean system 
 of plants, including those which have 
 only one stamen in each flower. 
 
 Mo-nail 'drons. [Moaan'drius ; 
 from the same.] Having a single sta- 
 men : monandrious. 
 
 Mo-nar'da.* Horsemint. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
 of Jfonar'da puncta'ta. 
 
 Monesia,* mo-ne'she-a. An astrin- 
 gent vegetable substance, procured from 
 the bark of a South American tree sup- 
 posed to be a Chrysophyllnm. It has 
 been prescribed for diarrhoea, etc. 
 
 Mo-m-lif er-us,* or Mo-nil' I- fer.* 
 [From moni'le , a “necklace,” and fe'ro , 
 to “ bear.”] Bearing a necklace, or 
 something resembling a necklace. Ap- 
 plied to plants. 
 
 Mo-aiil'i-form. [Monilifor mis ; 
 
 from moni'le, a “necklace.”] Formed 
 like a necklace. 
 
 Mon-I-li&'er-us.* [From moni’le, a 
 “necklace,” and ge’ro, to “carry.”] 
 Moniligerous. The same as Monilif- 
 ERUS. 
 
 Mo-nil-I-o-i'defc.* [From moni'le, a 
 “ necklace,” and eidog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a necklace. 
 
 Moiiimiaceuv :i: mo-nim-c-a'sho-e. 
 
 338 
 
 [From Monim'ia, one of the genera.] A 
 natuial order of exogenous, aromatic 
 trees and shrubs, found in South Ame- 
 rica. 
 
 Moidk’s'-liood. The Aconitum napel- 
 lus; aconite, or wolf’s-bane. 
 
 Mon-o-ba'sic. [Moiiobas'icus ; 
 
 from povog, “ single,” and ba'sis, a 
 “base.”] Having a single base. Applied 
 to certain chemical substances. 
 
 Mon-o-blep'sis.* [From povog, 
 “single,” and pXsnco, to “behold.”] A 
 state of vision in which objects are dis. 
 tinct when only one eye is used. 
 
 Mon o-carp, or Mon-o-car'pon.* 
 [See Monocarpic.] An annual plant; 
 a plant which bears fruit only once. 
 
 Monocarpian. See Monocarpic. 
 
 Moil -o-car pic, or Mon-o-car - 
 pous. [From povog, “ single,” and /ca/>- 
 nog, “ fruit/’] Bearing fruit only once. 
 
 Moii-o-cac'pous. [Monocar- 
 
 peus.] See Monocarpic. 
 
 Mon-o-ceph'a^lous. [Monocepb'- 
 alaas ; from povog, “ single,” and KepaXrj, 
 the “head.”] Bearing a single head, 
 as certain flowers. 
 
 Mon-o-clila-myd'e-ous. [Mono- 
 
 chlamyd'eus? from povog, “single,” 
 and xAa/n3j, a “ short cloak.”] Having 
 a single floral envelope, i.e. apetalous. 
 
 Mosi-o-ciiron'ic. [Monochroii'i- 
 cus; from povog, “single,” and xpdvog, 
 “time.”] Existing at one and the same 
 time. Applied to organic remains. 
 
 Mo-noc'la-dus.* [From povog, “sin- 
 gle,” and kX ddog, a “branch.”] Bearing 
 but one branch. 
 
 Mon-o-cli'nous. [Monoclfn'iiis ; 
 
 from povog, “ single,” and kXivyi, a “ bed.”] 
 Applied to plants bearing flowers with 
 both sexes : hermaphrodite. 
 
 Mon-o-cot-y-le'don, [From 
 
 p6vog, “single,” and KorvXtjdov, a “cotyle- 
 don.”] A plant having only one coty- 
 ledon. Applied in the plural ( Monocoty - 
 le'dones ) to a class of plants, now gene- 
 rally called Endogens. 
 
 Mon-o-cot-y-lod'o-nous. [Mono- 
 cotyledo'neus, or Monocoty lcd'o- 
 lius: from monocotyle'don.] Having 
 but one cotyledon. This term was em- 
 ployed by Jussieu to denote endogenous 
 plants. 
 
 Moii-o-cra'iius.* [From p6vog, 
 “single,” and xpavog, a “helmet,” a 
 “covering,” or perhaps from Kpaviov, the 
 “cranium.”] A monster-foetus with a 
 single mass of brain. 
 
 Mon-oc'u-lus.- [From p6vog, “sin- 
 gle,” and oc'u'us , the “eye.”] Also 
 
MON 
 
 MON 
 
 termed Sim plex Oc'ib-Iibs (<*.c. “Single 
 Eye”). A bandage used in fistula lac- 
 rymalh , and other diseases of the eye, 
 to cover one eye. 
 
 M©ii-o-«Hi«ry-mras. ;!: * [From novo;, 
 “single,” and did^og, “ twin.”] One of 
 twins. 
 
 MoneeciK,- mo-nc'she-a. [From 
 novo;, “single,” “only one,” and oUia, a 
 “ house,” or “ family.”] Literally, “ hav- 
 ing one house, or family;” because the 
 mr.lo and female flowers are found on 
 the same plant, thus forming but one 
 family (sec Dkecious). The twenty-first 
 class in the Linnman system of plants, 
 comprising those which have the stamens 
 and pistils in separate flowers on the 
 same plant. 
 
 M©-ii«e'ei©ws. [MoBioe'oius; from 
 the same.] Having one house. Applied 
 to a class of plantj. Sec Moncecia. 
 
 Moaa-o-jiyyM'*-^** [From povog, “sin- 
 gle,” “only one,” and ywi % a “woman,” 
 or “ female.”] The name given by Lin- 
 naeus to the first order in each of the first 
 thirteen classes of plants, comprising 
 such as have only one pistil in each 
 flower. 
 
 Mon-og'y-SBOus. plomogyn'ius ; 
 from the same.] Having one pistil or 
 style: monogynious. 
 
 Mo-moi 'corns. The same as Monoe- 
 cious, which see. 
 
 Mon-e-loc'u-lar. [Monolocula- 
 
 ras; from novo;, “single,” “only one,” 
 and loc'ulus, a “ cell."] Having only one 
 cavity or cell ; one-celled. Applied to 
 cystic tumors so constituted. 
 
 Moia-o-ma'm-a.* [From povo;, 
 “ single,” “only one,” and yavia, “mad- 
 ness.”] A kind of insanity in which ihe 
 patient is irrational on one subject only, 
 on all others clear and correct. 
 
 Mon-o-ma'Bii-ac. [Moaomani'a- 
 cws ; from monoma’ nia , “ madness on 
 one subject.”] A person laboring under 
 monomania. 
 
 Mo-aiom'y-MS.* [From fxovog, “sin- 
 gle,” “only one,” and a “muscle.”] 
 Having but one muscle. Applied in the 
 plural neuter ( Monom'ya ) to an order of 
 the Conchifcra. 
 
 Moaa-o-per-i-anB 'IBae-us.* [From 
 
 ju ovog, “single,” irtpi, “around,” and dv6og, 
 a “flower.”] The same as Monochla- 
 mydeous, which see. 
 
 Mon-o*pe4a-lous. [Monopeta'- 
 lens, or Moiaopet alias; from fio.og, 
 “ single,” and nlraXov, a “petal.”] Hav- 
 ing but one petal, or several petals more 
 or less united; gamopetalous. The 
 
 term Monopet' a lot is applied by some 
 botanists to a section of angiospermous, 
 exogenous plants. 
 
 Mon-©- phy 1 ' Sous. [Monopliy 1 '- 
 ltis; from yovog, “single,” and ipvXXov, a 
 “ leaf.”] Having but one leaf. 
 
 Mon-o-pliy'o-ilont.- [From /xorog, 
 “ single,” 0uu), to “generate,” and ddovg, 
 dSuvTOg, a “tooth.”] A mammal which 
 produces but one set of teeth, as the 
 sloth. 
 
 Mon-o-po'dli-a.* [From y6iog, “sin- 
 gle,” and rovg, a “ foot.”] A genus of 
 monsters having only one foot. 
 
 Mo-iaoptor-its.* [From yovog, “ sin- 
 gle,” and Trrtpov, a “wing.”] Having 
 but one wing. Applied to certain seeds. 
 
 Mo-iiorcfris, id is* [From y6iog, 
 “single,” and opX'S, a “testicle.”] Ap- 
 plied to one in whom a single testicle 
 has descended into the scrotum, or who 
 has been deprived of one by accident or 
 by an operation. 
 
 Mon-o-sepa-Ious. [Xonosep'a- 
 lus; from yovog, “single,” and sip' alum, 
 a “ sepal.”] A catyx, the sepals of which 
 are united, is called monosepalcus, or, 
 more correctly, gamoscpalous. — (G ray.) 
 
 Moii-©-spor mal, or Mon-o-spcr- 
 mous. [MoBEospor'iatus ; from yoiog, 
 “single,” and <nri//ia, a “seed.”] Hav- 
 ing only one seed. 
 
 Mo-nos'po-rus.* [From yoiog, 
 
 “single,” and or.opd, a “seed.”] Applied 
 to any conccpticle of a cryptogamous 
 plant which contains but a single spo- 
 rule. 
 
 Mon-o-sta'cliy-iis.* [F rom pdiog, 
 
 “single,” and oruX'g, an “ear.”] Hav- 
 ing but one spike. 
 
 Mo-aaos'tl-c lions. [From ftSrng, 
 
 “single,” and crixog, a “line.”] A term 
 applied to leaves disposed in one vertical 
 rank. 
 
 Mon-o-stig-'ma-tus.* [From fxovog, 
 
 “single,” and ariyya, a “ stigma.”] 
 Having but one stigma: monostig'ma- 
 tous. 
 
 Mon-o-sty'l©us. [Moiiosty'lirs; 
 
 from [idvog, “ single,” and oTv\og, a 
 “ style.”] Having but one style. 
 
 M©BB-o-tlBal'a-mus.* [From yovog, 
 
 “ single,” and Qti\a/xog, a “bed.”] Hav- 
 ing but one unilocular shell : monothal'- 
 amous. Applied to an order of Mollusks. 
 
 Mo-not o-nious. [Moiiot'omns ; 
 from fxovog, “single,” and to “cut.”] 
 
 Having a single cleavage-face. Applied 
 to minerals. 
 
 Moai-o-treaii'a-tons. [Monotrcm '- 
 alias; from yovog, “single,” and rpn/xa, 
 339 
 
MON 
 
 MOR 
 
 an “opening.”] Having only one open- 
 ing or vent for semen, urine, and excre- 
 ments. 
 
 Mon’o-treme. [Monotre'ma, a fis.] 
 A name for a monotrematous animal. 
 See Monotrematous. 
 
 Monotropaceae,* mon'o-tro-pa'- 
 she-e. [From Monot’ropa, one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 parasitical plants, natives of Europe, 
 Asia, and North America. 
 
 Monro's Foramen. See Foramen 
 op Monro. 
 
 Monster. [Mon'strmn, plural 
 Mon'stra.] Originally, any thing pro- 
 digious or ominous. A huge, or de- 
 formed, animal,* a young animal born 
 with a redundancy or deficiency, a con- 
 fusion or transposition, of parts; a lusus 
 naturae. 
 
 Mon'stra,* gen. Mon-stro'rum, the 
 plural of Monstrum. See Monster. 
 
 Mons Ven'e-ris.* The eminence in 
 the upper and anterior part of th e pubes 
 of women. 
 
 Mon-tic'o-lus.* [From mons, mon'- 
 tis , a “mountain,” and co'lo, to “in- 
 habit.”] Living or growing on moun- 
 tains. 
 
 Moorhead. See Alembic. 
 
 Moraeeae,* mo-ra'she-e. A natural 
 order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
 natives of the tropical an 5 temperate 
 parts of Asia and America. It comprises 
 the Mulberry ( Mo'rui ), the Fig ( Fi'cus 
 Car'ica ), and the Banyan-tree ( Fi'cus 
 fn'cl lea). Caoutchouc is an abundant 
 product of the Fi'cus Etas' tica. 
 
 Mor al In-san'i-ty. That in which 
 the intellectual faculties appear to have 
 sustained but little injury, but the feel- 
 ings and affections are perverted and 
 depraved. 
 
 Mor'bi,* gen. Mor-borain, the 
 
 plural of Morbus, which see. 
 
 Mor'bitl. [Mor'foidus: from mod- 
 bus, a “disease.”] (Fr. Morbeux, moR % - 
 buh'.) Diseased, or pertaining to dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Mor'bid Tem'por-a-taire. The dif- 
 ference either above or below the natural 
 temperature of the body, as ascertained 
 by the thermometer placed in the axilla, 
 or under the tongue, of a patient : the 
 natural temperature is from 96° to 98° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 Mor-bif'ic. [Morbaf 'icus ; from 
 mor'bus, “disease,” and fa'cio, to 
 “make.”] Inducing, or causing, disease. 
 
 Mor-bil'li,* gen. Mor-bil-Io'ruiii 
 
 (found only in the plural). [Diminutive 
 340 
 
 of mor'bus, a “ disease.”] A name foi 
 Rubeola, or measles. See Rubeola. 
 
 Mor-bil'lous. [Morbilflo'sus; from 
 
 morbid li, “measles.”] (Fr. Morbilleux , 
 moR'b&l'luh'.) Belonging to the measles : 
 measly. 
 
 Mor'bus,* plural Mor'bi. The Latin 
 term for a disease, or sickness. 
 
 Morbus Rrightii. See Bright’s 
 Disease, and Nephritis. 
 
 Mor'bus Ca-cSu'cus.* (“ Falling 
 Disease or Sickness.”) A name for 
 Epilepsy, which see. 
 
 Morbus Caeruleus. See Cyanosis. 
 
 Morbus Coxarius, or Morbus 
 Coxanim. See Coxalgia. 
 
 Mor'bus Gal'II-cus.* (“ French Dis- 
 ease.”) A name for Syphilis, which see. 
 
 Mor'bus Mer-eu'le-us.* (“ Hercu- 
 lean Disease.”) A name for Epilepsy. 
 
 Mor'bus In'cli-eus.* (“ Indian Dis- 
 ease.”) A name for Syphilis, which see. 
 
 Mor'bus In-fan-ti'lis* (“Infantile 
 Disease” ), Mor'bus Mag-'n us^ : ' (“ Great 
 or Mighty Disease.”) Names for Epi- 
 lepsy, which see. 
 
 Mor'bus Xi'ger.* (“Black Dis- 
 ease.”) See Melina. 
 
 Mor'bus IPe-dae-u-la'ris.* (“ Lousy 
 Disease.”) See Phthiriasis. 
 
 Mor'bus Re'gi-us.* (“Royal Dis- 
 ease.”) A name for Icterus, which see. 
 
 Mor'bus Sa'cer.* (“Sacred Dis- 
 ease.”) A name given to epilepsy, because 
 epileptics were sometimes supposed to 
 be divinely inspired. See Epilepsy. 
 
 Mor-aSa/cfious. [Mor'dax, a 'cis; 
 from mor'deo, to “bite.”] Biting; pun- 
 gent. 
 
 Mor'dant. [From mor'deo, to “ bite 
 hence, “ to take a firm held.”] A sub- 
 stance, used by dyers, which combines 
 with the fabric to be dyed, in order to fix 
 the coloring matter. 
 
 More did. = Mo' re dic'to.* “ In 
 the manner directed.” 
 
 Morgag'ni (mor-g&n'yee) Co-Bum'- 
 ua? Rec'tae.* (“ Strait Columns of 
 Morgagni.”) The longitudinal plicae of 
 the rectum. 
 
 Morgag'ni lA'quor* (“Liquor of 
 Morgagni”), otherwise called IHu'mor 
 of Morgag'ni. A small quantity 
 of fluid between the crystalline lens and 
 its capsule ; discovered by Morgagni. 
 
 Morgag'ni, Si'nus-es of. Three 
 small dilatations at the beginning of the 
 aorta, first pointed out by Morgagni. 
 
 Morgue (Fr.), moRg. [From the Per- 
 sian man/, “death.”] A dead-house, or 
 place where dead bodies that have been 
 
MOR 
 
 MOT 
 
 found are exposed, in order to be recog- 
 nized. 
 
 Mo'rl-a.* [Gr. pwpta.] Foolishness; 
 fatuity. 
 
 Mo-ri-tmn'diis.* [From mo'rior , to 
 “die.”] Dying; ready to die. 
 
 Mo-ri-for'mis.* [From mo' mm, a 
 “mulberry.”] Having the form of a 
 mulberry. 
 
 Moringace*, i: mor-in-ga'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous trees, found 
 in the East Indies and Arabia. It con- 
 sists of a single genus, the Morin' ga , 
 which has been used as a remedy in dis- 
 eases of the urinary organs. 
 
 Mo-ri-o-plas'ti-ce.* [From pupiov, a 
 “part,” and nXaanKdg, “ forming.”] The 
 restoration of lost parts. 
 
 Mor-o-co'mi-um.* [From p ' po 
 “ idiotic,” and Kopt w, to “cure.”] A lu- 
 natic asylum, or house for the reception 
 and treatment of the insane. 
 
 Mor-o-rio'clii-imi.* [From p 'pog, 
 “ idiotic,* *’ and 6e\opai, to “ admit.”] The 
 same as Morocomium, which see. 
 
 Mor-phi'na, i: or Mor'- 
 plume. [From Mor'pheus, the god of 
 sleep or dreams.] A vegetable alkaloid, 
 the most important narcotic principle of 
 opium. It is mostly given in the form 
 of acetate, sulphate, or muriate, which are 
 very similar in their action. Morphia is, 
 in many cases, preferable as an anod} r ne 
 to opium, because it is less apt to consti- 
 pate the bowels, and to produce headache 
 or other unpleasant effects. It is, more- 
 over, less likely to be rejected by an irri- 
 table stomach than opium or laudanum. 
 
 Mor'pMiae, or Mor'pfiim. The same 
 as Morphia, which see. 
 
 Mor-pho-grapBi 'ic. [Morpho- 
 graplu'icus.] Belonging to morphog- 
 raphy. 
 
 Mar-plfo©g''ra-p3iy'. [MorpBiogra'- 
 
 p3uia; from pop'prj , a “ form,” and yp(i0oj, to 
 “write.”] A description of the external 
 forms of plants or animals. 
 
 Mor-ptno-log'l-cal. [Morpflnol©^'- 
 icus.] Relating to morphology. 
 
 M©B i -phol'o-£y. [MorpBiolo'gia; 
 from pop0i?, a “form,” and Aoyo;, a “dis- 
 course.”] The science of form in the 
 organic kingdom. Morphology, as ap- 
 plied to plants, is analogous to the com- 
 parative anatomy of animals. 
 
 Mor-pluol'y-sis.* [From popbr/, a 
 “form,” and A vco, to “dissolve.”] The 
 destruction of form or organization. 
 
 Mor-ptio-met'ri-cal. [Morpti©- 
 onet/ricus.] Belonging to morphometry. 
 
 Mor-ptiom' e-try. [Morpheme- 
 
 tria; from pop<pf>, a “ form,” and peipew, to 
 “measure.”] The art of measuring or 
 ascertaining the external form of objects. 
 
 Mor-pho-no'mi-a.* [From pop<pfi , a 
 “ form,” and ropog, a “ law.”] The science 
 of the laws of formation : morphon'omy. 
 
 Mor-pho'sis.^ [From pupepd w, to 
 “form.”] A morbid formation; organic 
 disease. In Botary, the manner of de- 
 velopment. 
 
 Morrhuse Oleum. See Oleum 
 
 Morrhuae. 
 
 Mors,* gen. Mor'tis. [From popo;, 
 “fate,” or “destiny.”] The absolute 
 cessation of life; death. 
 
 Mor. sol. = Mo’re sol'itu .* “ In the 
 
 usual way.” 
 
 Mor'sus EM-ab'o-li.* (“Devil’s 
 Bite.”) A ridiculous name sometimes ap- 
 plied to the fimbriae of the Fallopian tubes. 
 
 Mor tar. [Lat. Morta rium; Fr. 
 Mortier , moR'te-d'.] A vessel used in 
 Pharmacy for pulverizing solid sub- 
 stances. 
 
 Mor-ti-fi-ca'tion. [Mortifica'tio, 
 
 o ’nis; from mors , mor’tis , “death,” and 
 fa’ do, to “make.”] The loss of vitality 
 in, or death of, a part. 
 
 Mo'rus Xi'gra.* The black mul- 
 berry tree. 
 
 Mo rns Tinc-to'rS-a,* [From tin’- 
 go, tinc’tum* , to “ dye,” to “ stain.”] The 
 plant which yields the yellow dye called 
 fustic. 
 
 Morve, moRV. The French term for 
 “glanders.” See Equinia. 
 
 Mo-sa'i© Gold. [Au rum Musi'- 
 v ib eii.] The alchemical name of the bi- 
 sulpliuret of tin. It is produced in flakes 
 of a gold color, and is used as a pigment. 
 
 Mosa'ic Sil'ver. [Argen tum Mu- 
 si'vum.] Made of bismuth and tin 
 melted together, with the addition of 
 quicksilver ; used as a silver color. 
 
 Mos-eliif'er-iis.* [From mos’ chits , 
 “musk,” and fe’ro, to “bear.”] Bear- 
 ing, or yielding, musk. 
 
 Mos'clius.* [Arab. Mosch .] Musk, 
 The Pharmacopoeial name j| of a peculiar 
 concrete substance obtained from the 
 Moschus moschifertts. 
 
 Mos'ehus Mos-eMf 'eras.* The 
 animal from which musk is obtained ; 
 the musk-deer. 
 
 Moss, Pec'to-ral. A common name 
 for the Li' chen pulmona' rius. 
 
 Mosses. See Musci. 
 
 Moth 'er-Wa' ter. The residual fluid 
 after evaporating sea-water, or any other 
 solution containing salts, and taking out 
 the crystals. 
 
 341 
 
MOT 
 
 MUG 
 
 Motk'er’s Mark. A name applied 
 to any of the appearances included under 
 the term Nse'vus muter' mis. 
 
 Mo'tion. [Mo'tio, o' nis ; from mo' - 
 veo , mo' turn, to u move.”] This term is 
 employed in Animal Physiology to de- 
 note the following phenomena : — 
 
 1. Voluntary Jfotion. The spontaneous 
 act of the will of the individual ; a func- 
 tion attached to the brain. 
 
 2. Excited Motion , or that of the reflex 
 function, as in the closure of the larynx 
 on the contact of acrid vapors ; of the 
 pharynx on that of food, etc. ; a function 
 of the spinal marrow. 
 
 3. Motion of Irritability, as the action 
 of the heart, the intestinal canal, etc. ; a 
 function of the muscular fibre. 
 
 4. Ciliary Motion. The peculiar vi- 
 brating motion of the cilia of animals. 
 
 Mo'tor,* plural Mo-to'res. [From 
 the same.] A mover. Applied to mus- 
 cles, etc. 
 
 Mo-to'res,* gen. Mo-to'rmn, the 
 plural of Motor. 
 
 Moto'res Oc-u-lo'rum.* (“ Movers 
 of the Eyes.”) The third pair of nerves 
 distributed on the muscles that move the 
 eyeball. 
 
 Mo to-ry. [From mo'veo, mo'tum, to 
 “move.”] Causing motion. Applied to 
 nerves which convey the peculiar stimu- 
 lus which excites motion, to the muscles. 
 
 Mouu'taiii Cork. The name of the 
 elastic Variety of asbestos. See Asees- 
 tos. 
 
 Moutarile, moo'taRd'. The French 
 name for Mustard, which see. 
 
 Mouth. See Os, and Faux. 
 
 Mox'a.* [From the Japanese.] A 
 soft woolly substance prepared from the 
 dried young leaves of Artemisia Chinen- 
 sis and A. Indica, and burned on the 
 skin to produce an eschar, with a view 
 to cause revulsion. 
 
 Mox-i-bu'ri-uin.* [From mox'a, 
 and u'ro, to “burn;” the b being added 
 for the sake of euphony, as in the case 
 of combustion (from con or com and 
 nstion).] The remedial application of £ 
 the moxa. 
 
 Mox-os-phy'ra.* [From mox'a, and 
 ajjvpa, a “hammer.”] An iron hammer 
 plunged into boiling water for one or 
 two minutes, and the face now and then 
 applied to the skin as counter-irritant 
 or rubefacient. 
 
 Muc. = Mucila' cfo.% “Mucilage.” 
 
 Mu'cate. [Mu'cas, a'/<«.] A com- 
 bination of mucic acid with a base. 
 
 Mu'cic. [Mu'cicus; from mu' c us, 
 342 
 
 “mucus,” or “gum.”] Belonging to 
 gum. Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
 
 Mu cl-lage. [Miieila'g'O, g*' i n is ; 
 from the same.] An aqueous solution 
 of gum. 
 
 Mu-ei-lag'i-nes,* the plural of Mu- 
 
 cilago, which see. 
 
 Mw-ci-lag'i-nous. [Mueilagimi©'- 
 sns; from mucila'yo , “mucilage.”] Be- 
 longing to mucilage, or to gum ; gummy. 
 
 Mu-ci-lag©,* gen. Mu-ci-lag i-nis, 
 
 the Latin for Mucilage, which see. 
 
 Mucila'yo Aca'cise* (a-ka'she-c.) 
 (“Mucilage of Acacia,” or of Gum Ara- 
 bic.) Take of gum arabic, in pieces, 
 four troyounces ; water, half a pint. 
 Add the water to the gum arabic, agi- 
 tate occasionally until it is dissolved, 
 and strain. 
 
 Mwcila'g-o Sas'sa-fras* (“ Mucilage 
 of Sassafras ”), or In-fu'sum Sas'sa- 
 fras Me-dul'lae,* 1850 (“ Infusion of 
 Sassafras Pith”). Take of sassafras 
 pith, one hundred and twenty grains; 
 water, a pint. Macerate for three hours, 
 and strain. 
 
 Mucila'g© Trag-a-can 'tlfose.* (“Mu- 
 cilage of Tragacanth.”) Take of trag- 
 acanth, a troyounce; boiling water, a 
 pint. Macerate the tragacanth with the 
 water for twenty-four hours, occasion- 
 ally stirring; then rub them together, 
 so as to render the mixture uniform, and 
 strain forcibly through muslin. 
 
 Mucila'g© Ul'mi* (“ Mucilage of 
 Elm,” that is, Mucilage of Slippery Elm 
 Bark), or In-fu'sum 1850 
 
 (“Infusion of Elm [Bark]”). Take of 
 slippery elm bark, sliced and bruised, a 
 troyounce ; boiling water, a pint. Mace- 
 rate for two hours in a covered vessel, 
 and strain. 
 
 Mu’cin. [Muci'na; from mu'eus, 
 “ mucus,” or “ gum.”] The peculiar 
 animal matter of mucus. 
 
 Mii-cip a-rous. [Mucip'arus; from 
 
 mu'eus, “mucus,” or “gum,” and pa'rio, 
 to “produce.”] Producing or secreting 
 mucus. 
 
 Mu-ci'tfis, id is* Inflammation of a 
 mucous membrane. Applied to the dis- 
 ease named Gonorrhoea, Baptorrhoca, 
 Blennorrhaejia, etc. 
 
 Mu-civ 'o-rotis. [Miioiv'orus ; from 
 mu'eus, and vo'ro, to “devour.”] Eating 
 mucus. Applied to certain insects. 
 
 Mu'co-^ele.* [From mu'eus, and 
 a “tumor.”] Literally, a tumor in- 
 volving a mucous membrane or tissue. 
 Applied to an enlargement of the lacry- 
 mal sac, occasioning fistula lacrymalis. 
 
MUC 
 
 MUL 
 
 Mn'coid. [Mucoi'des; from mu' cits, 
 “ mucus/’ and dd ug, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling mucus. 
 
 Mai co-Pu'rsi-lent, Mu-co'so-Pn'- 
 rudent. [Mu'co- or Miu*o'so*puru- 
 lem'lias; from mu'cus, muco'sus “mu- 
 cous,” and pus, “matter.”] Of the na- 
 ture of mingled mucus and pus. 
 
 Mu'cous. [Muco'snas; from mu’cus, 
 ‘‘mucus,” or “gum.”] Belonging to, or 
 resembling, mucus. 
 
 Mu'coiis Fol'lS-clIes. [FoMic'uli 
 Mqbco'sb.] The follicles or minute 
 glands belonging to the mucous mem- 
 branes. Their office is to secrete mucus. 
 
 Mucous Membranes. See Mem- 
 branes. 
 
 Mucous Tumor. See Myxoma. 
 
 Mu-cro-na'ta Far-tl-la'go.* 
 
 (“ Pointed Cartilage.”) The ensiform 
 cartilage of the sternum. 
 
 Mu'ero-uate, or Mu'cro-nat-e<l. 
 [Mueromi'tus; from mu'cro, a “short, 
 sharp point.”] Having a sharp point. 
 
 Mu-cro-nif'er-ns.* [From mu'cro , 
 a “sharp point,” and fc'ro, to “carry.”] 
 Bearing straight, stiff points : mucro- 
 nif 'erous. 
 
 Mu-ero-iBfl-fo'li-us.* [From mu'cro, 
 a “sharp point,” and f o' limn, a “leaf.”] 
 Having mucronated leaves. 
 
 M aj-ero-ni-lbr mis. :: [From mu'cro , 
 a “ sharp point.”] Having the form of a 
 point: mucron'iform. 
 
 Mu-ciron'u-late. [Mucrouula'- 
 tus ; from mucron'ula, diminutive of 
 mu'cro, a “point.”] Having a minute, 
 abrupt point. 
 
 Mu-cu'ma.* Cowhage. A Linnsean 
 genus of the class Diadelphia, natural 
 order Leguminosec. The Pharmacopoeial 
 name for the hairs from the pod of Mu- 
 cuna pruriens. 
 
 Mucn'na Pru'ri-ens . 5 (“Itching 
 Mucuna.”) The plant which yields cow- 
 hage, or cowitch, formerly called the 
 Dolichos pruriens . 
 
 Mu'cus.* [Gr. /iiifa; Fr. 3/uqueux 
 animal, miikuh' Ane'm&l'.] Animal 
 mucus, one of the primary fluids of the 
 animal body. (See Phlegm.) Also, gum, 
 or vegetable mucus. 
 
 Mudar, muh-dar', or Ma-dar'. A 
 name of the Calot' ropis Gig ante' a (other- 
 wise called Calot' roq> is Mada'rii), the 
 bark, root, and juice of which are used 
 in India as a remedy for elephanti'- 
 asis. 
 
 Mnd'a-rin, Mud'a-rme, or Mad'a- 
 
 rin. The active principle of the mudar. 
 It is remarkable for its property of co- 
 
 agulating by heat, and becoming again 
 fluid on exposure to cold. 
 
 Mul'ber-ry. The fruit of the Morus 
 nigra. 
 
 Mul'berry Fal'cu-lus. A species 
 of urinary calculus, consisting of oxalate 
 of lime, and named from its rough and 
 tuberculated surface, resembling that of 
 a mulberry. 
 
 Mu 1 'berry -Tree. The common name 
 for different trees of the genus Mo'rus, 
 but applied especially to the Mo' rusni'gra. 
 
 Mu-lo-med'I-cus.* [From mu'lus, a 
 “ mule,” and med'icus, a “ physician.”] 
 A veterinary surgeon, or horse-doctor. 
 
 Mul-tasa gu-lar. [Muhangiila - 
 ris; from mul'tus , “many,” and an'gu- 
 l us, a “corner.”] Having many angles, 
 or corners. 
 
 Mul-Bau-gM-la/tus.** [From mul’tus , 
 “many,” and an'gulns, a “corner.”] 
 Many-cornered; having many corners, 
 or angles, as the shell of the Tclli'na 
 multangula'ta. 
 
 MuB-ti-»x-ifi''er-ous.* [From mul'tus, 
 “many,” ax' is, and fc'ro, to ‘‘bear.”] 
 Applied to an inflorescence when it pre- 
 sents more than three axes of vegetation. 
 
 Mui-ii-bufl-bo'sus.** [From mul'tus, 
 “ many,” and but' bus, a “bulb.”] Having 
 numerous bulbs. 
 
 Mul-ti-cap'sw-lar. [Mmltioapsu- 
 la'ris; from mul'tus , “many,” and cap'- 
 sula, a “capsule.”] Having many cap- 
 sules. 
 
 Mul-tn-caM'dus.*' [From mul'tus, 
 “many,” and cau'cla, a ‘‘tail.”] Having 
 many tails, or many prolongations in 
 the form of tails. 
 
 Miil-ti-cauTis.*' [From mul'tus, 
 “many,” and cau'lis, a “stem.”] Hav- 
 ing numerous stems : multicau'line. 
 
 Mul-ta-coc'cws.** [From mul'tus, 
 “ many,” and coc'cus, a “ berry,” or 
 “capsule.”] Having many berries, or 
 many seeds. 
 
 Mul-ta-em-bry-o-aia'fus.* [From 
 mul'tus, “many,” and cm'bryo.'] Applied 
 to seeds which contain more than one 
 embryo. 
 
 Mul-tif'er-oias. [Multif 'crus; 
 
 from mul'tus, “many,” and fc'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing flowers and fruits 
 many times in the course of a year. 
 
 Mul'ta-flM, or Mul-4if 'i-dous. 
 [MuSlif'idus; from mul'tus, “many,” 
 and Jin' do, to “cleave,” or “divide.”] 
 Many-cleft ; having many divisions. Ap- 
 plied to a muscle of the spine which has 
 numerous attachments ; also, to leaves. 
 
 Mul-tiT'i-dus Spi'nae.** (“Many- 
 343 
 
MUL 
 
 MUR 
 
 Cleft [Muscle] of the Spine.”) See 
 Transversalis Dorsi. 
 
 Mul-ti-flo'rous. [Multiflo'rus ; 
 
 from mul'tus, “many,” and jlos, a “ flow- 
 er.”] Having numerous flowers. 
 
 Mul-tif 'o-rus.* [From mul'tus, 
 
 “many,” and fo'ro, to “pierce” (from 
 fo'ris , a “ door,” or “ opening”).] Pierced 
 by numerous holes. 
 
 Mul-tl-geni'ml-us.* [From mul'tus, 
 “many,” and gem'ma, a “hud.”] Ap- 
 plied to a tubercle containing many 
 buds, as those of the potato. 
 
 Mul-tij'u-gate. [Multijuga'tus ; 
 from mul'tus, “ many,” and ju'gum, a 
 “ yoke.”] Having many pairs, as a pin- 
 nate leaf with ten or more leaflets. 
 
 Mul-til'o-bate. [Maltiloha'tus ; 
 from mul'tus , “many,” and lo'bus, a 
 “ lobe.”] Divided into many lobes. 
 
 Mul-ti-loc'u-lar. [Miiltilocula'- 
 ris; from mul'tus, “ many,” and loc'ulus , 
 a “ cell.”] Having many cells. 
 
 Mul-tl-ner-va' [From mul'tus, 
 “ many,” and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] Ap- 
 plied to leaves having many nerves: 
 multiner'vate. 
 
 Mul-ti-o-vu-Ia'tus.*' [From mul'tus, 
 “many,” and o'vulum, a “little egg.”] 
 Containing many ovules. 
 
 Mul-tip 'a-rous. [Multip'arus ; 
 
 from mul'tus, “ many,” and pa'rio, to 
 “ bring forth young.”] Applied to ani- 
 mals bringing forth several young ones 
 at a birth. 
 
 Mul'tip-ar-tite, or mal-te-par'tlt. 
 [Multi parti 't us ; from mul'tus, “ma- 
 ny,” and parti' tus, “divided.”] Divided 
 into many parts. 
 
 Mul'ti-pes, p 'eel is* [From mul'tus, 
 “ many,” and pes, a “foot.”] Mul'tiped, 
 or mul'tipede. Having many feet. Ap- 
 plied to the Oniscus asellus. See Mil- 
 
 L1PED. 
 
 Mul-ti-pet-a-Ia'tus. [From mul'- 
 tus, “many,” and pet'alon, a “petal.”] 
 Multipet'alous. Having many petals. 
 
 Mul'li-ple. [Multiplex, pi ids; 
 from mul'tus, “mnny,” and pli'eo, to 
 “ plait.”] Multiple fruits are those which 
 result from the aggregation of several 
 flowers (or ovaries) into one mass, as the 
 pine-apple. 
 
 Mul-tipli-cate. [Mufltiplica'tus ; 
 
 from the same.] Applied to flowers 
 which become double by the transforma- 
 tion of parts of the floral whorls into 
 petals. 
 
 Mul-tiv'o-rous. [Multiv'orus ; 
 
 from mul'tus, “ many,” and vo'ro, to “de- 
 vour.”] Devouring much ; voracious. 
 344 
 
 Muniisatio (mu-me-sa'she-o), o 'nis.* 
 [From mu'mia, a “mummy.”] The pre- 
 servation of a dead body ; also called 
 Balsamatio. See Embalming. 
 
 Mummification See Embalming. 
 
 lum my. [Mu'mia.] A body which 
 has undergone the process of embalming. 
 
 Mumps. The common name for 
 Parotitis, which see. 
 
 Mun'dic. A name for iron pyrites. 
 
 Mun'go. The root of the Ophior- 
 rhiza mwKjos, supposed to be a specific 
 for the bite of the cobra de capello and 
 the rattlesnake. * 
 
 Miaqueux Animal. The French 
 term for Mucus, which see. 
 
 Mu'rex.* A genus of shell-fish noted 
 for yielding a purple dye, the celebrated 
 Tyrian purple of the ancients. 
 
 Mu-rex'au. A name given by Liebig 
 to the purpuric acid of Prout. 
 
 Mu-rexl-a.* A term applied by 
 Liebig to what Prout named the purpu- 
 rate of ammonia. 
 
 Mu'rl-ate. [Mu'rias, a'ffi?.] Ap- 
 plied to the chlorides and hydrochlo- 
 rates, when muriatic acid was ranged 
 among the oxacids. 
 
 Mu'riate of Am-mo'ni-a [Am- 
 mo'niae Mu'rias], formerly called 
 Sal-Am-mo'ni-ac. A white, fibrous 
 salt, with a pungent saline taste, but no 
 smell. It was formerly imported from 
 Ammonia, Egypt, whence its name. 
 Muriate of ammonia has a ploce in the 
 United States and British Pharmaco- 
 poeias. It is employed principally as a 
 discutient. 
 
 Mu'ri-at-cd. [Muria'tus.] Com- 
 bined with chlorine. 
 
 Mu-ri-at'ic. [Muriat'icus ; from 
 mu'ria, “brine.”] Belonging to, or de- 
 rived from, sea-salt. 
 
 Muriat'ie A$'id. [A^'idum Muri- 
 at icum.] The common name of an 
 acid prepared from common salt by the 
 action of sulphuric acid. Now frequently 
 called hydrochloric acid. Muriatic acid 
 is a tonic, refrigerant, and antiseptic, and 
 is often administered with advantage in 
 low fevers. See Hydrochloric. 
 
 Mii-ri-at-5f 'er-us.-' [From mu'ria , 
 “brine,” and fc'ro, to “bear.”] Applied 
 to bodies containing chlorine, or a com- 
 pound of chlorine. 
 
 Mu'ri-cate. [Murica'tus ; from 
 mu'rica, a “sharp point”?] Rough, 
 with short and hard points. 
 
 Mu-ri-cu-la'tus** [Diminutive of 
 mu'rica, a “ sharp ’point.”] Furnished 
 with small points : muric'ulate. 
 
MUR 
 
 MUS 
 
 Mu'rl-clse.* [From mus , mu' r is, a 
 “mouse.”] A name applied to a family 
 of the Mammifera Rodentia, having the 
 mouse {Mus) for their type. 
 
 Muriuur. See Respiratory Mur- 
 mur. 
 
 Musaceae,* mu-za'she-e, or Mu's®.* 
 An important natural order of endoge- 
 nous plants, mostly tropical. It in- 
 cludes the Mu' sa supien' turn (the plan- 
 tain), the fruit of which is perhaps the 
 most valuable article of food used in the 
 tropics. The Mu'sa tcx' tills affords a fibre 
 from which fine muslin is made in India. 
 
 Mws'ca,* plural Mus^se. A genus 
 of the Dip' tern Atherice'ra, including the 
 common house-fly. 
 
 Mus'ca MSs-paEB'’i- 0 'Ia.* The blis- 
 tering fly. See Cantharis. 
 
 Mus'^ae Vol-S-tau'tes.* (“ Hover- 
 ing Flies ;” Fr. Mouches volantcs, moosli' 
 vo'loxt'.) An affection of the eyes, in 
 which mote-like objects, or those re- 
 sembling gnats or small insects, arc seen 
 to hover before the sight. See Meta- 
 
 1I0RPH0PSIA. 
 
 Mus'< 5 i* [the plural of mus'cus, 
 “moss”], or Bryaceae,* bri-a'she-e. 
 Mosses. A natural order of minute, 
 small-leaved cryptogamic plants. They 
 usually grow in moist situations, and 
 are more common in temperate climates 
 than in the tropics. 
 
 Mus-^ic'a-Ius.* [From mus'cus , 
 “ moss,” and co'lo , to “inhabit.”] In- 
 habiting the mosses. Applied to certain 
 minute fungi . 
 
 Mus-^ig'e-nns.* [From mus'cus, 
 “moss,” and ge'no, an antique form of 
 gif no, to “produce.”] Produced among 
 mosses. Applied to a species of fungus. 
 
 Muscle. See Musculus. 
 
 Muscles, Diseases alFectiug’ tlie. 
 See Cineticus. 
 
 Mus'coid. [Miiscoi'des; fromwwa'- 
 cu3, “ moss,” and adoj, a “ form.”] Re- 
 sembling moss. 
 
 Mus-co-log T-cal. [Muscolog'icus.] 
 Belonging to muscology. 
 
 Mus-col'o-gy. [Muscolo'gia; from 
 mus'cus , “moss,” and \6yog, a “dis- 
 course.”] That branch of Botany which 
 treats of mosses. 
 
 Mus-copti'i-lus.* [From mus'cus, 
 “moss,” and <pi\sci), to “love.”] Living 
 or growing among mosses. 
 
 Musculaire. See Muscular. 
 
 Mus'cu-lar. [Miiscula'ris ; from 
 mus' cuius, a “muscle.”] (Fr. Musculaire, 
 miis'ku'leR'.) Relating to a muscle, or 
 abounding in muscle. 
 
 30 
 
 Mus'cular Fi'bre. [Fibril'la Mus* 
 cularis.] The fibres composing the 
 body of a muscle, disposed in distinct fas- 
 ciculi, or bundles, divisible into smaller, 
 and these into less. There are two well- 
 marked varieties : the striped muscular 
 fibre occurs in the voluntary muscles, and 
 is named from its conspicuous cross- 
 markings; the unstriped muscular fibre 
 is found in the alimentary canal, the ute- 
 rus, and the bladder, and is destitute of 
 such cross-markings. 
 
 Mus'cular Mo tion. [Mo'tio Mus- 
 cula'ris.] The motion caused by the 
 contraction of the muscles. Muscular 
 motions are of three kinds, voluntary, 
 involuntary, and mixed, according to 
 the character of the muscles by which 
 they are performed. 
 
 Muscular Texture or Tissue. See 
 Muscular Fibre. 
 
 Mus'cu-li,* gen. Mus-cu-lo'ruin, 
 
 the plural of Musculus, which see. 
 
 Mus'culi Pcc-ti-na'ti.* (“Pecti- 
 nated Musc’es.”) [Frim pcc’icn, a 
 “comb.”] The name of the muscular 
 fasciculi found within the auricles of 
 the heart, supposed to resemble the teeth 
 of a comb. 
 
 Mus'cu-lo-Cu-ta'ne-ous. [Mus'cu- 
 lo-C/uta'neus ; from mus' cuius, “mus- 
 cle,” and cu'tis, the “skin.”] Belonging 
 to, or connected with, the skin and adja- 
 cent muscles. Applied to several nerves 
 in different parts of the body. 
 
 Mus'cu-lous. [Musculo sus: from 
 mus' cuius, a “ muscle.” ] Muscular. 
 
 Mus'cu-lus, :: plural Mus'cu-li. 
 
 [Diminutive of mus, a “ mouse;” from its 
 resemblance to a flayed mouse.] Muscle, 
 the organ (or means) of motion in ani- 
 mals. A muscle may be defined as a dis- 
 tinct portion of flesh, susceptible of con- 
 traction and relaxation, by which motion 
 and action, voluntary, involuntary, and 
 mixed, are produced. 
 
 Musculus Cu-ta'ne-us.* (“Cuta- 
 neous Muscle.”) The Platysma Myodes, 
 which see. 
 
 Mus'cus.* [From n6cr\og, a “young, 
 tender shoot.”] The Latin word for 
 “moss.” See Musci. 
 
 Mus'cus Cra'ni-i Kiwna'ni.* 
 
 (“Moss of the Human Skull.”) See 
 Lichen Saxatilts. 
 
 Mus'cus Is-laiB 't5i-cos.* (“Iceland 
 
 Moss.”) The Cetra'ria Islan'clica , or 
 Li'chen Islan'dicus. 
 
 Mu-se'um.* [From /xovaa, a “muse;” 
 because the Muses were supposed to 
 preside over learning, art, and science.] 
 345 
 
MUS 
 
 MYC 
 
 Originally, a place consecrated to the 
 Muses; a study, library, etc. A collec- 
 tion of curious objects in nature and 
 art, but more especially of the former. 
 The name is said to have been first given 
 by Ptolemy Philadelphus to that part of 
 the royal palace at Alexandria in which 
 was contained the famous library. 
 
 Mushroom. See Agaricus. 
 
 Mu'si-co-Ma'ni-a.* A species of 
 Melancholia, characterized by an extreme 
 fondness for music. 
 
 Muslt. See Moschus. 
 
 Mu'so-Ma'm-^.* Applied to the va- 
 riety of tar antis mas in which the patients 
 are music-mad. See Musico-Mania. 
 
 Mussel, Eil'i-t>le. The Mytilus 
 Edulis, which see. 
 
 Mus-si-ta'tion. [Mussita'tio, o'nis; 
 from mus'sito, mussita'tum, to “mutter.”] 
 Muttering; a morbid symptom consist- 
 ing in the movement of the lips of the 
 sick without the production of articulate 
 sounds. 
 
 Must. [Mus'tum.] Juice of the 
 grape newly expressed ; by fermentation 
 it becomes wine. 
 
 Mus tard. [Lat. Sma'pis; Fr. Mou- 
 tarde, moo'taud'.] The seeds of Si nap is 
 alba and S. nigra reduced to flour, and 
 deprived of their fixed oil by expression. 
 
 Mu ta-^isan. [Mutacis'mus; from 
 mu'tus , “mute,” “ dumb.”] Inability to 
 enunciate properly certain mute letters, 
 especially the labial consonants b, p, and 
 m ; leading to their frequent repetition, 
 or the substitution of other letters for 
 thiin. 
 
 Mu-tida/tioii. [Mutila'tio, o’nis; 
 from mu' tilo, mutila'tum, to “maim,” to 
 “ mangle.”] The condition which results 
 from the loss or excision of a member, 
 organ, or part. 
 
 Mutisms. See Mutitas. 
 
 Mu'ti-tas, a 'tin.* [From mu’tus, 
 “dumb.”] (Fr. Mutisme, mii't&zm'.) 
 Dumbness ; inability to articulate. A 
 genus of the order Dyscinesiee, class Lo- 
 cales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Mutitas A-ton'I-ca.* (“Atonic 
 Dumbness.”) Dumbness arising from 
 an affection of the nerves of the tongue. 
 
 Mu'tita* Or-gan'f-ca.* (“Organic 
 Dumbness.”) Dumbness resulting from 
 removal or injury of the tongue. 
 
 Mu'tilas Sur-ilo rum. * (“Dumb- 
 ness of the Deaf.”) Dumbness arising 
 from having been born deaf, or having 
 become so in infancy. 
 
 My-jU'&I-a.* [From y»g, a “muscle,” 
 and aAyof, “ pain.”] Pain in the muscles. 
 346 
 
 My-al'gic. [Myal'gicus.] Belongs 
 ing to myalgia. 
 
 My-as-tbe-ni'a.* [From yvg, a “ mus- 
 cle,” and doQteeia, “ debility.”] Muscular 
 debility. 
 
 My-as-ttien 'ic. [Myasthenic us.] 
 
 Belonging to •myasthenia. 
 
 My-^e li-uiii.- [From yv Kv,g, a “ fun- 
 gus.”] The filamentous expansion from 
 which the fructification of a fungus is 
 developed. 
 
 My-$et-o-£en'e-sis.* [From yvxrjg, 
 yVKrjTOg, “mushroom,” and ybcatg, “gene- 
 ration.”] The origin, or first develop- 
 ment, of mushrooms. 
 
 My-^et-o-i'cles.* [From yvicng, a 
 “mushroom,” and e~ih>:, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a mushroom. 
 
 My-^e-toll o-gy. [Mycetolo'gia ; 
 from yvxrjs, a “mushroom,” and A 6yog, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on mushrooms; 
 the science of mushrooms. 
 
 My-eo-cfier'ma, a '«•<?.* [From y'neog, 
 “ mucus,” and 6 syya, the “ skin.”] The 
 mucous membrane : my'coderm. 
 
 Myc-o-der’mis, i dis* [From yvxrig, 
 a “mushroom,” and Iqya, the “skin.”] 
 A genus of fungous growths, forming 
 the crusts offavus. 
 
 My-eo-der-mi'tis, i dis.% [From 
 
 yvKog, u mucus,” and iipya, the “skin.”] 
 Inflammation of a mucous membrane. 
 
 My - co - der - mo - spEta ' ce - lus.* 
 [From yjKog, “ mucus,” dlpya, the “skin,” 
 and spha' cdus.] Sphacelus , or gangrene 
 of a mucous membrane. 
 
 My -co-di-ar-rEi«e'a.* [From yvxog, 
 “mucus,” and fadfpoa, a “flow from 
 the bowels.”] Mucous or pituitous diar- 
 rhoea. 
 
 My-co-dys-em-te'ri-a.* [From 
 
 yvKog, “mucus,” and inaejTCpia, “dysen- 
 tery.”] Mucous or pituitous dysentery. 
 
 My-eo-dysp-noe'a.* [From yvxog, 
 “mucus,” and Svcrireota, “difficulty of 
 breathing.”] Mucous or pituitous dysp- 
 noea. 
 
 My-co-gras-trl'tlls, i dis.® [From 
 y'fsog, “ mucus,” and gastri'tis, “inflam- 
 mation of the stomach.”] Mucous gas- 
 tritis. 
 
 My-co-i'des.* [From yvxrjg, a “fun- 
 gus.”] Resembling a fungus; fungoid. 
 See Spoxgoidks. 
 
 My-col'o-£y. [Myeolo'gD* : from 
 yv<?ig, a “ mushroom,” and A <5yog, a “ dis- 
 course.”] A treatise cn mushrooms; or 
 the science of the fungi. 
 
 My-eopb-tbiU'iiil-a.* [From yvxng, 
 a “ mushroom,” and 6(Ji0a\y6g, the “eye.”] 
 Fungous inflammation of the eye. 
 
MYC 
 
 MYL 
 
 My-co'sis.* [From yvxog, “ mucus.”] 
 A mucous polypus. 
 
 My-co'sis.* [From yvxrjg, a “ fun- 
 gus.”] A fungous fleshy tumor. 
 
 My-dri'a-sis. i: [From yvdog, “ mois- 
 ture”?] A preternatural dilatation of 
 the pupil ; or, according to some writers, 
 weakness of sight resulting from an ex- 
 cess of watery humors. 
 
 My-e-lJll gl-a.* [From yue\og, u mar- 
 row,” and aXyog , “ pain.”] Pain in the 
 spinal marrow. 
 
 My-e-largi-cus.* Belonging to 
 myelalyia: myelal'gic. 
 
 My-e-lan-a-lo'sis.* [From y')e\6g, 
 “ marrow,” and dvciXoatg, “ wasting.”] 
 Tabes dorsalis, or wasting of the spinal 
 marrow. 
 
 My'el-ap-o-plex'I-a.* [From yvc\og, 
 “ marrow,” and diroit\ri^La, “ stupor,” 
 “apoplexy.”] Apoplexy of the spinal 
 marrow; haemorrhage or discharge of 
 blood into the spinal marrow. 
 
 My-e-la'ri-us.* [From yve\6g, “mar- 
 row.”] Having a spinal marrow. A 
 term applied to vertebrated animals. 
 
 My'e-la-tfro'pBai-a.* [From y^eXog, 
 “ marrow,” and drpofta, “ wasting.”] 
 Tabes dorsalis, or wasting of the spinal 
 marrow. See Myelanalosis. 
 
 My-e-la-lfopli'i-cus. ;;: * Belonging 
 to myelatrophia. 
 
 My-e-laMx'e. :if [From yve\og, “mar- 
 row,” and av\r], “increase.”] Morbid 
 increase of the spinal marrow. 
 
 My'e-leaa-^eplB'a-lBis.- [From yy e - 
 Xof, “marrow,” also “brain,” and iyxipaXog, 
 “within the head.”] Having a brain; 
 belonging to the brain. 
 
 My-e-let-e-ro'sas.* [From y'cXog, 
 “ marrow,” and tripueng, “ alteration.”] 
 Morbid alteration of the spinal marrow. 
 
 My'e-Hne. [From y^\6g, “marrow.”] 
 Applied by Virchow to the medullary mat- 
 ter filling the space between the axis-cyl- 
 inder and sheath of the nerve-fibres. 
 
 My-e-li'tis.* [F rom y >!e\ 6g, “ marrow .”] 
 Inflammation of the spinal marrow. 
 
 My'e-lo-di-as'ta-sis.* [From yveXog, 
 “ marrow,” and didcraoig, a “ separation.”] 
 Disintegration of the spinal marrow. 
 
 My'e-loid. [Myeloi'des; from 
 jrucXdj, “marrow,” or “brain,” and eidog, 
 a “form.”] Resembling marrow. 
 
 My-e-Io'ma, a tis* [From yveXog, 
 “marrow.”] Medullary tumor ; a tumor 
 containing a brain-like substance. 
 
 Myelomalacia* (-la'she-a). [From 
 fve\6g, “ marrow,” and ya^axia, “ softness.”] 
 Softening of the spinal marrow. 
 
 My'e-lo-men-in-gi'tis, id is* 
 
 [From fxieXog, “marrow,” and y nviy%, a 
 “membrane.”] Inflammation ot the 
 theca, or membrane investing the spinal 
 marrow. 
 
 Mye-lo-me'ninx.* [From the 
 same.] The theca, or tough hard mem- 
 brane enclosing the spinal marrow. 
 
 My-e-lom y-ca,* or My-c-loin'y- 
 
 ^es, e'tis .* [From yve\6g, “marrow,” 
 and yvxqg, a “ fungus.”] The same as 
 Myeloma, which see. 
 
 My 'e-lon.* [From yy e\6g, “marrow.”] 
 A term used by Owen for the MeduVla 
 spina' lis. 
 
 My-el'o-nal. [Myelona'lls.] Be- 
 long to the myelon. 
 
 My'e-lo-neu'ra.* [From yvs \og, 
 “marrow,” and vevfov, a “nerve.”] The 
 name given by Rudolphi to a group of 
 articulated animals, because their ner- 
 vous (or ganglionic) system consists of a 
 curd analogous to the spinal marrow of 
 higher animals. 
 
 My-e-loptitlii-sis.* [From y't\6q, 
 “marrow,” and <pOiaig, a “wasting.”] 
 The same as Myelanalosis, which see. 
 
 My-e-lo'sis.* The formation or 
 growth of myeloma. 
 
 My'e-lo-spon'gus.* [From y'cXog, 
 “marrow,” and v-oyyog, a “sponge,” or 
 “fungus.”] Medullary fungus. The 
 same as Myeloma, which see. 
 
 My-e-ner-gi'a.* [From yvg, a 
 “muscle,” and ivepyaa, “ energy.”] Mus- 
 cular energy. 
 
 My-e-ner'gi«cus.* Belonging to 
 
 myenergia. 
 
 My-en'ta-sis.* [From yvg, a “mus- 
 cle,” and Evraoiq, a “ slreiching.”] A 
 stretching or extending of the muscles. 
 
 My-i'lis, idis* [From yvg , a “mus- 
 cle.”] A term for inflammation of a 
 muscle. 
 
 Myl'c-doBi, © n't is* [From yv\rj, a 
 “mill,” or “molar tooth,” and ocovg, a 
 “tooth.”] An extinct gigantic animal 
 of the sloth tribe, some remains of which, 
 including molar teeth, have been found. 
 
 Myl'o-dus, cl on'tis.* [From the 
 
 same.] A molar tooth. 
 
 Myl-©-gl©s'sus.* [From yv\v, a 
 “mill,” or “molar tooth,” and yX oaa, the 
 “tongue.”] Applied to some muscular 
 fibres, arising from the lower jaw near 
 the molar teeth, and inserted into the 
 base of the tongue and walls of the 
 pharynx. It is considered to be a portion 
 of the Constrictor pharyngis superior. 
 
 My'l©-My-©-i'de-ii»s.* [From yv\n, 
 a “mill,” and, hence, the molar teeth, 
 and Os hyoi'des, the “hyoid bone.”] A 
 347 
 
MYL 
 
 MYO 
 
 triangular muscle, arising from the inside 
 of the lower jaw, between the molar 
 teeth and the chin, and inserted into the 
 Os hyoides. It raises the Os hyoides, or 
 depresses the jaw. 
 
 My'lo-Plsar-yn-ge'us.^ One of the 
 
 muscles of the pharynx, called also the 
 constrictor superior. 
 
 My-o-car-di'tis.* [From yvg, yvog, a 
 “muscle,” and /capJta, the “heart.”] In- 
 flammation of the muscles of the heart. 
 
 My-o-^epli-a-li'tis, id is.* [From 
 yvg, y > 6 g, a “ muscle,” and Kejiah'i, the 
 “ he id.”] Inflammation of the muscles 
 of the head. 
 
 [From y\, 
 
 y>og, a “muscle,” KoiXia, the “belly,” and 
 uXyog, “ pain.”] Pain in the muscles of 
 the abdomen. 
 
 My-o-$oe-ll-i'tis, i dis* [From yvg, 
 yvog, a “ muscle,” and KoiXia , “ belly.”] In- 
 flammation of the abdominal muscles. 
 
 My-o'des.* [Gr. yveidp; ; from yvg, yvog, 
 a “muscle.”] Like muscle ; of the nature 
 of muscle. See Platysma Myodes. 
 
 My-o-des-op'si-a.* [From y Xa, 
 a “ fly,” a “ form,” and opig, 
 
 “sight.”] The same as Metamor- 
 
 PHOPSIA. 
 
 My-o-rty-na'mi-a.^ [From yvg , a 
 “muscle,” and dvsaytg, “power.”] Mus- 
 cular strength or power: myodyn'amy. 
 
 My-o-dy- n am-I-o m ' e- ter . [Mya- 
 dyiiamioiii'etrunM; from yog, a 
 “muscle,” dvsayig, “power,” and yzrpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for as- 
 certaining. the amount of muscular 
 power. 
 
 My-o-dyai'i-a.* [From yvg , a “mus- 
 cle,” and o)v;> 7, “pain.”] Pain in a 
 muscle. 
 
 My-o-gas'ter.* [From y*g, a “mus- 
 cle,” and yarrfip, the “belly.”] The 
 belly or thick portion of a muscle. 
 
 My-o-g’as'tric. [Myogas' tricais.] 
 
 Belonging to the belly of a muscle. 
 
 My*o«grapl»'ic. [Myog-rapBi'icas.] 
 Belonging to myography. 
 
 My-og'ra-pliy. [Myogra'phia ; 
 from yvg, a “muscle,” and ypd</>w, to 
 “ write.”] A description of the muscles. 
 
 My-o-i'des.* [From yvg, a “ mus- 
 cle,” and ado;, a “form.”] Resembling 
 muscle, or flesh : my'oid. 
 
 My-o-leiii'ma, a tin* [From yvg, a 
 “muscle,” and Xzyya, a “covering.”] 
 The delicate membranous envelopment 
 of each tibril of fleshy or muscular fibre. 
 See Sarcolemma. 
 
 My'o-llne. [Myoli'na; from yvg, a 
 “muscle.”] A name for the elemen- 
 348 
 
 tary substance or tissue composing the 
 muscles. 
 
 My-o-log^'ic. [Myolog'icus.] Be- 
 longing to myology. 
 
 My-ol'o-gy. [Myolo'gia; from yvg, 
 a “muscle,” and Xoyog, a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on the muscles, their nature, 
 structure, and functions. That branch 
 of Anatomy which treats of the muscles. 
 
 Myoumalacia,* mi-o-ma-la'she-a. 
 [From yvg, a “muscle,” and yaXatda, 
 “softness.”] Softening of the muscles 
 or flesh. 
 
 My-on'o-sos,* or My-on'o-sns.^ 
 
 [From yvg, a “ muscle,” and vfoog, “ dis- 
 ease.”] Disease of a muscle. See My- 
 opathia. 
 
 My-o-pal'mms.* [From yvg, a 
 
 “ muscle,” and naXyog , a “ rapid motion.”] 
 A nervous movement or twitching of 
 the muscles or tendons; subsul'tus ten'di- 
 num. 
 
 My-o-pa-tlii'a.* [From yvg, a 
 
 “ muscle,” and n uOog, “ affection,” or 
 “ disease.”] Severe muscular pains in 
 the neighborhood of the womb, and in- 
 terfering with its action. 
 
 My-<n>-patBi'I-ctis.* Belonging to 
 myopathia. 
 
 My-©p'ic. [Myop'icws.] Belong- 
 ing to myopy. 
 
 My-©-E*ol-y-plas-i-as'mms,* or 
 My-o-po-lyp' la-sis.* [From yvg, a 
 
 “ muscle,” TxoXvg, “ many,” and irXaaig, a 
 
 “ formation,” or “ moulding.”] A model- 
 ling of the numerous muscles, represented 
 lying over each other. 
 
 Myoporacea?,* mi-o-po-ra'she-e. 
 [From My op' or um, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous plants, 
 found in Australia, and other tropical 
 regions. It includes the Avicennia 
 (White Mangrove) of Brazil, which is 
 used for tanning. 
 
 My'o-py. [Jlyo'pia; from yv 00, to 
 “contract,” to “close,” and top, the 
 “eye;” because near-sighted people par- 
 tially close the eyes when looking at dis- 
 tant objects.] Near-sightedness. 
 
 My-or-rEieu'ma, at is* [From yvg, 
 a “ muscle,” and psvya, a “ flow,” or 
 “rheum.”] The lancinating pains of 
 rheumatism. See Rheumatism. 
 
 My-o r- r hex ' is.* [From yvg, a 
 
 “muscle,” and pi)%tg, a “rupture.”] La- 
 ceration of one or more muscles. 
 
 My-o-s^eii-o-ft-ra'phi-a.* [From 
 yvg, a “ muscle,” and oK^vaypafna, the 
 “ art of scene-painting.”] A pictorial 
 representation of the muscles : myo- 
 scenog'raphy. 
 
MYO 
 
 MYR 
 
 My-o'sis.* [From pvw, to “ con- 
 tract.”] Contraction, or too small per- 
 foration, of the pupil of the eye. 
 
 My-o-si'tis, id is.* [From pvg, a 
 “muscle.”] Inflammation of a muscle. 
 
 My-o-spas'mus.* [From pvg, a 
 “ muscle,” and onaopdg, a “convulsion.”] 
 Spasm or cramp of a muscle. 
 
 My-os'ti-cus.* [From pvg, “muscle,” 
 and oyriojy “bone.”] Belonging to bone 
 and muscle. Applied to certain diseases. 
 My-o-te-not'o-iny. [Myotenoto- 
 
 cilia ; from pvg, a “muscle,” tcvcjv, a 
 “tendon,” and repvu), to “cut.”] The 
 division or section of tendons. 
 
 My-ot'o-my. [Myoto'mia; from 
 pvg, a “ muscle,” and rcpuco, to “ cut.”] 
 Dissection of the muscles. 
 
 My r-i-a-can ' thus.* [From / u'piog , 
 “numberless,” and avavda, a “spine.”] 
 Having numerous spines or prickles. 
 Applied to certain plants. 
 
 Myr-5-an'thus.* [From / rpiog , 
 
 “numberless,” and avOog, a “flower.”] 
 Having numerous flowers. 
 
 Myr-I-ap'o-da,* or Myr'i-a-pods. 
 [From pvptog, “numberless,” and irovg, a 
 “ foot.”] The name of a class of Articu- 
 lata. 
 
 M^r-I-ap'o-dns.* [From the same.] 
 Having an indeterminate number of 
 feet; centipede: myriapodous. 
 
 My-ri'ca Ce-rff'e-ra.* The Wax 
 Myrtle, or Bay-berry plant, the berries 
 of which yield a substance very similar 
 to the Cera Jiava of the Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Myricacese,* mir-e-ka'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous plants, found 
 in India, the temperate parts of North 
 America, and the tropics of South Ame- 
 rica. They are aromatic trees or shrubs, 
 including the Myri'ca cenf'era , from 
 which wax is obtained, and Compto'nia , 
 which is astringent and tonic. 
 
 Myri-o-graBEiine. [From pvpiot , 
 “ten thousand,” and gramme.] A 
 French weight, equal to 22 pounds, 1 
 ounce, and 2 drachms avoirdupois. 
 
 Myriolitre, mir'e-o-letr'. [From 
 pvpiot, “ten thousand,” and li'tre.] A 
 French measure, equal to 2200 gallons, 
 7 pints, 13 fluidounces, 4 fluidrachms, 
 and 48 minims imperial. 
 
 Myriometre, mir'e-o-meVr. (French 
 pronunciation me're'o'metR'.) [From 
 pvptoi, “ten thousand,” and metre.] A 
 French measure of length, equal to 6 
 miles, 1 furlong, 156 yards, and 6 
 inches. 
 
 My r-i-o-phyl 'tons. [My rioph y 1'- 
 lus; from pvpiot , “ten thousand,” “num- 
 30 * 
 
 berless,” and (pvWov, a “leaf.”] Literally, 
 “having ten thousand leaves.” Hav- 
 ing an indefinitely great number of 
 leaves. 
 
 My-ris'ti-ca.* [From p^pCcv, to 
 “anoint with ointment.”] A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Diopcia, natural order 
 Myristicacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name||ofthe kernel of the fruit of the 
 Myris'tica moscha'ta, or Nutmeg, other- 
 wise called Illyria' tica ojfficina'lis , or 
 Myris’ tica fra' grans. 
 
 Myris'tica Ar-o-mat'I-ca.* One 
 of the names for the nutmeg-tree. 
 
 Myrns'lica Mos-<ha ta. :: The sys- 
 tematic name of the tree which produces 
 the nutmeg and mace. 
 
 Myristicacese,* me-ris-te-ka'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous tropical 
 trees, most abundant in the East Indies. 
 It includes the Myris’ tica moscha'ta , 
 which produces two important spices, 
 the nutmeg and mace. The nutmeg is 
 the kernel, or seed, and mace is the 
 aril which envelopes the seed. 
 
 My-ris'ti-^a* Mos-cha'la? Xu', 
 cle-i.* (“Kernels of the Myristica 
 moschata.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Dub. Ph.) for the nutmeg. 
 
 Myristiceus,* mir-is-tish'e-us. 
 [From Myris' tica, the “ nutmeg-tree.”] 
 Resembling the genus Myristica. 
 
 My-ris'tl-cin. [Myristici'na.] 
 A name given to stercoptene, which is 
 deposited by the oil of the Carytphyllus 
 animations. 
 
 My-r«l>'a-lan, My-ro-hal 'a«nus.* 
 
 [From pvpov, “ointment,” and (ld\avog , an 
 “ acorn,” or any similar fruit.] A dried 
 Indian fruit of the plum kind, of differ- 
 ent species of Terminalia. The myrob- 
 alans are said to have laxative as well 
 as astringent properties. 
 
 My ■roph'o-ru in .* [From pvpov, an 
 “ointment,” and (pepto, to “carry.”] An 
 “Ointment-Bearer.” An instrument for 
 applying ointment through the narrow 
 internal openings. 
 
 Myr-o-sper'imim.* [From pvpov, 
 an “ ointment,” and tmcppa, a “ seed.”] 
 A genus of the Linnaean class Dianclria, 
 natural order Leguminosse. 
 
 My rosper ' m u m Per-u-i f 'er-u in.* 
 One of the names of the tree which 
 yields Balsammn Peruvian it m. 
 
 My rosper 'mu m Tol-u-ta' n n in .* 
 The tree which (according to the Lond., 
 Ed., and U.S. Ph.) affords Balsamurn To- 
 hitanum. 
 
 My-rox'y-lon.* [From pvpov, an 
 “ ointment,” and £v\ov, “ wood.”] A 
 349 
 
MYR 
 
 NAN 
 
 Linnaean genus of the class Diandria, 
 natural order Leguminosse. 
 
 Myrox'ylon r-ii-if'er-uin. ; 
 
 Another name for the Myrospermum Per- 
 il i/erum. 
 
 llyrrlt. See Myrrha. 
 
 Myrrh, False. See Bdellium. 
 
 Myr'rlia,* gen. Myr'rhae. Myrrh. 
 The Pharmacopoeiai name || of the gum- 
 resin from the Balsamoden'dron My r'rhq. 
 
 Myrsinacese,* mir-se-na'she-e. 
 [From Myrsi'ne , one of the genera.J A 
 natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, nearly all tropical. 
 
 Myrtaceie, * mir-ta'she-e, or 
 Myrti.* An important natural order 
 of exogenous plants (trees or shrubs), 
 natives of hot countries, within and 
 without the tropics. It includes the 
 Myr'tas (Myrtle), the Clove-tree ( Cargo - 
 phyl'lus), and Pomegranate ( Pu'nica ), 
 which is tonic, astringent, and anthel- 
 mintic. A fragrant aromatic or pun- 
 gent volatile oil abounds in this order. 
 
 Myr-ta'ceous. [Myrta'ceus.] Re- 
 sembling the myrtle. 
 
 Myr'ti,* the plural of Myr'tus, 
 forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
 order of plants. See Myrtacea:. 
 
 Myr'ti-form. [Myrtifor'mis ; 
 from myr'tum, a “ myrtle-berry.”] Like 
 the myrtle leaf (or berry?). See Carun- 
 cula: Myrtiformes. 
 
 Myr'tle. The Myrtus communis. 
 
 N. == Noc’te .# “At night.” 
 
 Na-bo'tSii Glan'du-lse,* Xabo'thi 
 Ovu-la, ;: Nabo'thi Ve-sicu-lae.^ 
 
 (“Glands, Ovules, or Vesicles of Na- 
 both.”) Applied to small glandular 
 bodies within the mouth of the uterus; 
 first described by Naboth. 
 
 Nabo'thi, Mea-or-rEaa'gi-a.* 
 
 (“Menorrhagy of Naboth.”) A serous 
 discharge from the vagina of pregnant 
 women, first noticed by Naboth. 
 
 Nae're-ous. [Lat. Nacrous; Fr. 
 Nacre, “ mother of pearl.”] Belonging 
 to mother of pearl. 
 
 Nadir. [From the Arabic.] The 
 point in the heavens directly under our 
 feet, and opposite to the zenith. 
 
 Nae'vns,* plural Nac'vi. A natural 
 mark or blemish. 
 
 Njc'vus Ma-ter'nus.* (“Maternal 
 Mark.”) A mark on the skin from birth, 
 the effect, as is said, of the mother’s long- 
 300 
 
 Myr'tle, I>warf. [Chamsemyr'. 
 tus.] A name for the Ruscus aculeatus. 
 
 Myr-to-i'des.* [From pvprog, the 
 “myrtle.”] Re. enabling the Myrtus. 
 
 Myr'tus,* plural Myr'tl. [Gr. pvp- 
 ro;.] The myrtle-tree. A Linnman genus 
 of the class Icosandria, natural order 
 Myrtacese. 
 
 My r 'tus Pi-mem'ta.* The tree which 
 produces Jamaica pepper, or allspice. 
 
 Mys-ta'clii-al. [Mystacbia'lis ; 
 from pvara%, the “upper lip,” or the beard 
 on it.] Belonging to the upper lip. 
 
 Mys'tax, a 'cis.% [Gr. ^ri5ora£.] The 
 upper lip; also, the hair on the uppei 
 lip, or moustache. 
 
 My t-I-lo-i cles.* [From myt’ilus, the 
 “mussel,” and eidog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling the mytilus , or mussel. 
 
 Myt'I-lus E-du'Iis.* (“Edible 
 Mussel.”) A shell-fish found in vast 
 beds in the European seas. It is often 
 poisonous : sometimes producing, in those 
 who eat it, all the symptoms of Urticaria. 
 
 Myx-o-col'I-ca.* [From pv[a, “ mu- 
 cus,” and col'ica , the “colic.”] A mu- 
 cous or pituitous colic. 
 
 Myx-o'ma,* plural Myx-o'ma-ta. 
 [From pvta, “ mucus.”] Applied by Vir- 
 chow to certain tumors which contain 
 mucus in their intercellular substance. 
 
 My-y-dro-^ys'tis? i dis.% [From pvg, a 
 “ muscle,” and hydrocys'tis, a “ hydatid.”] 
 A hydatid in the flesh. 
 
 ing for, or aversion to, particular objects, 
 or of some accidental occurrence affect- 
 ing her own person during pregnancy. 
 
 Naiadaceae,* na-a-da'she-e, or Nai'- 
 a-des.* [From vaiag, vaiaiog, a “water- 
 nymph.”] A natural order of endogenous 
 aquatic plants, found .within and with- 
 out the tropics, in salt water and fresh. 
 It includes the Na'jas or Na’ias. 
 
 Nail. (Fr. Ongle, 6xgl.) An append- 
 age consisting of a semi-transparent sub- 
 stance, resembling horn, attached to the 
 dorsal extremities of the fingers and toes. 
 The finger-nails serve not merely to pro- 
 tect the part which they cover, but to 
 give greater firmness or resistance to the 
 ends of the fingers, in their attempt to 
 lay hold of any small object. 
 
 Naiit, naN®. The French term for 
 “dwarf.” See Nanus. 
 
 Na-nis'iiius.* [From vdvog, or vawog, 
 a “dwarf,” or “dwarfed.”] A term ap 
 
NAN 
 
 NAT 
 
 plied by GeofFroy St. Hilaire to a genus 
 of anomalies which characterize dwarfs. 
 
 Nan-Keen' l>ye. A dye made by 
 boiling annotto and carbonate of potash 
 in water ; about an ounce of each to a 
 pint of water. 
 
 Naii-o-^epli'a-lus.* [From va og, a 
 " dwarf,” or "dwarfed,” and Ke^aXp, the 
 "head.”] A dwarfish or diminutive 
 head. 
 
 Nan-o-i'des.* [From vavog, a "dwarf,” 
 and eifog, a " form.”] Resembling a 
 dwarf; dwarf-like. 
 
 Na-nom'e-lus. 1 ' [From vavog, a 
 "dwarf,” and fxsXog, a "limb.”] A mon- 
 ster with dwarfish limbs. 
 
 Na'nus.* [Gr .vavog- Fr. Nain, nax 0 .] 
 Dwarf; stunted in stature, so as to be 
 below the ordinary height and size of 
 those of the same species. 
 
 Nape of the NecK. [Nw'claa.] 
 The back part of the neck, including the 
 projecting spinous process of the seventh 
 cervical vertebra. 
 
 Napli'tha.* [Gr. vttyOa.] A pale- 
 yellow, but very pure, clear, inflammable 
 liquid of the bituminous kind. 
 
 Naph'tlia Vit-ri'o-li.* A name for 
 sulphuric ether. 
 
 Naph-thali-cUo. [Naphthalidi'- 
 
 na; from naphthali'na.] A new base, 
 produced by the action of reducing 
 agents on naphthalin. 
 
 Naph'tlia-lifii, or Naph'tlaa-lainie. 
 [Naplitliali'na; from n aph'tha.] A 
 grayish-white substance formed in the 
 rectification of the petroleum of coal-gas 
 works. 
 
 Nap-i-fo'li-us.* [From na'pus, a 
 "turnip,” and f o' Hum, a "leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing leaves like the turnip : napifo'lious. 
 
 Nap'i-form. [From na'pus , a "tur- 
 nip.”] A term applied to one of the 
 textures of cancer, the bunioid of Bayle. 
 
 Nar-cis'si,* the plural of Naarcas'- 
 sns, forming the Jussieuan name of a 
 natural order of plants. They are now 
 included in AmaryWdaccse. 
 
 Nar-cis'sus.* The Linnman name of 
 a genus of plants, class Hexundria , natu- 
 ral order Amaryllidacese. 
 
 Nar-co'des.** [From vapw , " stupor.”] 
 Having, or causing, stupor: narcose, or 
 narcous. 
 
 Nar-co'ma, aft#.* [From the same.] 
 Stupor, or the state of being under the 
 influence of narcotic medicine. 
 
 Nar-com'a-tons. [From the same.] 
 Pertaining to narcoma. 
 
 Nar-co'sis.* [From the same.] The 
 progress of narcoma . 
 
 Nar-co-spjvs'nius. [From vapKt j„ 
 "stupor,” and oiraauog, a "convulsion.”] 
 Cramp or spasm, with an appearance of 
 stupor. 
 
 Nar-cot'ic. [Narcot'icus.] Belong- 
 ing to narcosis. Applied to a medicine 
 that induces sleep, or stupor. 
 
 Nar'eo-tiifi, or Narco-line. [Nar- 
 coti'ua; from vapKuio, to "stupify.”] 
 An active principle of opium ; also called 
 Derosne s Salt, from its discoverer, and 
 Opiane. It is procured by digesting 
 opium in sulphuric ether. 
 
 Nar'co-ti&m. [Narcotis'mus; 
 from vapKrj, "stupor.”] The influence 
 produced by narcotic substances. 
 
 Na'res,* gen. Na'rl-uiii, the plural 
 of Naris, which see. 
 
 Na'ris,* plural Na'res. The "nos- 
 tril ;” a cavity of a pyramidal form in 
 each side of the nose, or of the septum 
 of the nostrils. 
 
 Nar'tliex, e'c»#.* [Gr. vapOr^.] The 
 Ferula, a tall umbelliferous plant, with a 
 slight knotted pithy stalk. See next 
 article. 
 
 Nar'tlhex As-sa-foet'i-cla,* or Nar'- 
 tlaex F€r'n-la.* The plant the root of 
 w r hich yields assafoetida. 
 
 Nasal. [Nasa'lis; from^?m'si(s, the 
 "nose.”] Belonging to the nose ; uttered 
 through the nose. 
 
 Nasal Butt. See Ductus ad Na- 
 sum. 
 
 Na sal Fos sae. [Fos'sae Nasa'les; 
 
 from fos'sa, a “ditch.”] Two irregular 
 compressed cavities extending backwards 
 from the n sc to the pharynx, and con- 
 stituting the internal part of the nose. 
 
 Nas'^eait State. [From nas'cens, 
 the present participle of nas'eor, to "be 
 born.”] The state of gases at the mo- 
 ment of their elimination, before they 
 have acquired their full volume or their 
 repulsive power. 
 
 Na'stis,* genitive Na'si, accusative 
 Na'stiaiB. (Fr. Ncz , nsL) The " nose,” 
 composed of the dorsum, or bridge, the 
 alse, or wings, the septum , or partition, 
 the lobe, or tip, and the columna, or low r er 
 thickened portion of the septum. 
 
 Na'tant. [Na'tans; from na'to,na- 
 ta'tum, to "swim.”] Floating on the 
 surface; swimming, as leaves or flowers. 
 
 N at-a- to' res.* [Plural of nata'tor, 
 natato'ris, a " swimmer ;” from the same.] 
 "Swimm rs.” An order of swimming 
 birds, including those whose toes are 
 united by a membrane; whence the order 
 is also termed Palmip'edes. 
 
 Na'tes.* [A Latin word which ia 
 351 
 
NAT 
 
 NEC 
 
 either plural or singular, but used mostly 
 in ihc plural.] The buttocks. 
 
 Na'tes Cer'e-bri.* The two ante- 
 rior of the Tubercula quadriyemina, 
 
 Na'Bri-uin.* A term formerly ap- 
 plied to sodium. 
 
 Na'tron,* or Na'lsaim.* A native 
 carbonate of soda which is found in 
 Egypt; in popular language, “soda.” 
 It is the nitre of the Bible. 
 
 Ma'trum Vit-ri-o-la'tiim.* (“Vit- 
 riolated Soda.”) A name of Glauber’s 
 Salt. 
 
 Nat'u-ral. [Natara'lis; from »«$«'- 
 ra, “ nature.”] Belonging to nature : pro- 
 duced according to the ordinary laws of 
 nature. 
 
 Nat'ural Ilis'to-ry* [Misto'ria 
 Natura'lis.] Literally, the “ history cr 
 description of naturo.” The science 
 which treats of the natural products cf 
 the earth, whether animals, vegetables, 
 or minerals. See Physics. 
 
 Nat'ural Or'deirs. Groups of gen- 
 era which resemble each other in the 
 most essential features and intrinsic 
 qualities; or groups of genera which arc 
 supposed to bear a greater resemblance 
 to each other than to any thing else. 
 
 Nat'ural Plii-los'o-pluy. [Pbilo- 
 so'pliia Natura'lis.] The science which 
 treats of the properties of natural bodies, 
 and their actions on each other, or wh!ch 
 treats of the phenomena and laws of the 
 miterial world: physics. Sec Physics. 
 
 Nat-u-ra'll-a..* [Plural neuter of 
 ncttura'lis, “natural.”] The parts of 
 generation ; the privities. 
 
 Naturals. See Res Naturales. 
 
 Xatus Mortuus. See Stillborn. 
 
 Nauclea Oambir, See Gambir. 
 
 Nausea,* nau'she-a. [From vavg, a 
 “ship.”] Originally, “sea-sickness.” 
 Any sickness at the stomach, similar to 
 sea-sickness. 
 
 Nau sea Nla-ri'na.* [From ma're, 
 the “sea.”] The Latin for Sea-Sickness. 
 
 Nau'seous. [Nauseo'sus ; from 
 nan' sea.] Producing nausea; disgusting. 
 
 Nau'tl-caJL [Nau'tacus; from vajg, 
 a “ ship.”] Belonging to a ship. Ap- 
 blied to sea-sickness, termed Morbus 
 vauticus. 
 
 Nau'ti-cus Nffus'cui-Iims.'* (“Nauti- 
 cal Muscle.”) The Tibia'lis posti'ciw, 
 because chiefly exerted in climbing as 
 sailors do. 
 
 N au-tl-lo-fdeS.* [From uau'tilus, 
 and clSog, a “ form.”] Resembling the 
 nautilus: nautiloid. 
 
 NautWus.^ [Gr. vajriXo;, a “ sailor;” 
 
 352 
 
 from vavg, a “ship.”] A genus of the 
 Testacea (of Cuvier), of which there are 
 several species. 
 
 NaveB. See Umbilicus. 
 
 Na/veB-Siriug. The Fu'nis umbill - 
 ca'lis (otherwise called Funic'uhis umbili-> 
 ca'lis), or umbilical cord. 
 
 Na-vic'u-lar. [Navicula'rts; from 
 navic'ulu, a “little ship or boat.”] Per- 
 taining to a boat or ship ; having the 
 shape or appearance of a boat. 
 
 Na-vic-u-la're, Os.* A bone of the 
 carpus; also one of the tarsus: named 
 from their fancied likeness to a boat. 
 
 INavicularis. See Navicular. 
 
 Nav'i-foiriM. [Navifor'miis ; from 
 na'vis, a “ ship,” or “ boat.”] R-escmbling 
 a boat: navicular. 
 
 I¥eas>S%liitedness. See Myopy. 
 
 Neb'u-!a,* plural Neb'u-Ise. [From 
 ve:b:\ -7, a “cloud.”] Literally, a “mist,” 
 a “cloud.” A faintly luminous appear- 
 ance, resembling a cloud, in the starry 
 firmament. Many of these nebulae have 
 been resolved into stars by the power of 
 the telescope. Also, a small cloud-like 
 spot on the cornea. 
 
 Neb-u-lif 'er-ous. [Nebulif 'evus ; 
 
 from neb’ ula, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Having nebulous spots. 
 
 Neb'u-lous, or Neb 'in -Hose. [Neb- 
 iiEo'sns; from ucb'ula .] Literally, 
 “cloudy.” Pertaining to a nebula, or 
 resembling a nebula. 
 
 NecEs. [Lat. CoB'Bum, and Cer'- 
 vix; Gr. rpsxnKog, and duxw J Fr. Cou, 
 koo.] In Anatomy, the part between 
 the head and thorax. Also, the point 
 between the root and stem of plants. 
 
 Nec-ro-bi-o'sis.* [From vaepdg, 
 “dead,” and (3iog, “life.”] Applied by 
 Virchow to “ the spontaneous wearing 
 out of living parts.” 
 
 Nec-ro-co-mi'mii.* [From vtKpog, 
 a “dead body,” and nope cj, to “take care 
 of.”] A dead-house. See Morgue. 
 
 Nec-ro-do-chi'iiin.* [From ve*p6g , 
 a “dead body,” and ioxn, a “ reception.’ ] 
 The same as Necrocomium. 
 
 Nec-roU'o-gy. [Necrolo'gia; from 
 vcKpog, a “dead body,” and Aoyoj, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatiso on the dead body. 
 Also, a register of deaths, the causes cf 
 death, and particulars presented on post- 
 mortem examination. 
 
 Ne-croph'a^gous. [Necroph'a^us; 
 from vcKpdg, a “dead body,” and 0ayoi, to 
 “cat.”] Devouring dead animals, cr ani- 
 mal substances in a state of decompo- 
 sition. Applied to certain insects. 
 
 Ne-croVs;^. [Neerop'sBa ; from 
 
N EC 
 
 NEP 
 
 vexp6;, a “dead body,” and imropai, to 
 “behold.”] Synonymous with Necros- 
 copy. 
 
 Nec-ro-scosi'ic, Ncc-ro-scop'i-cal. 
 iNTecroscojp'H'iis.J Belonging to ne- 
 croscopy. 
 
 Ko-cb’Os'co-pj. [Xecrosco'pia ; 
 
 from vexpdg, a “dead body,” and axoneoj, to 
 “examine.”] The examination of adead 
 body. 
 
 Ne-cro'sis.* [From vexpocj, to “ kill.”] 
 Literally, “ mortiiication.” Death of a 
 bone or part of a bone; analogous to 
 the mortification of the soft parts. 
 
 ]Vec-ro*tom'ic. [Necrotom'icns.] 
 Belonging to necrotomy. 
 
 Ne-crot'o-my. [Necroto'misi; 
 from vsKpog, a “dead body,” and to 
 
 “cut.”] Dissection of a dead body; 
 otherwise termed Scciio cadaver is. 
 
 Xec-tan 'lira.* Bebeeru (or Bibiru) 
 Bark. The Pharmacopoeial name J| of the 
 bark of the Nectandra JRodiei. It has 
 been placed on the primary li t of the 
 Materia Medica of the U.S. Pharma- 
 copoeia for 1860. 
 
 Ncc-tar-if'er-<a>nns. [Jfeclarif' 'cr- 
 us; from viKTap, the “drink of the gods,” 
 also, “honey,” and fe’ro , to “bear.”] 
 Bearing nectar, or honey; secreting a 
 saccharine liquor. 
 
 [From vkrap, 
 “ nectar,” or “honey,” and Oijq, a “cov- 
 ering.”] Any part which enwraps the 
 organ for secreting honey. 
 
 ^fec'tta-ry. [Mecta'num ; from 
 vsKrap, “nectar,” or “honey,” and -a' Hum, 
 a terminal denoting a “repository.” 
 See Herbarium.] That part of a flower 
 which contains, or secretes, honey; the 
 honey-cup. 
 
 STec-top'o-diis.'^ [From vriKrrjg, a 
 “ swimmer,” and Trovg, a “ foot.”] Having 
 finlike tarsi. Applied to certain insects. 
 
 Xe-cni'si-a. ;i: [From vexvg, a “dead 
 body :” so called on account of its malig- 
 nant character.] A poisoned wound. 
 
 Heg'a-tive Pole. The pole connected 
 with the copper (or least oxidizable) 
 plate of the galvanic battery. 
 
 BTeg , i*o CaeBnexia, or Cacluexla 
 Africaiia. See Ciitiioxopiiacia. 
 
 Hehimbiacese,- ne-lum-bc-a'she-e. 
 A natural order cf exogenous aquatic 
 plants, found in stagnant or quiet waters 
 in temperate and tropical regions. 
 It consists, according to Bindley, cf one 
 genus, the Nclum'bium. The mythic 
 Lotus which occurs on the monuments 
 of India and Egypt, is supposed to have 
 been the JVelumbium speciosum. 
 
 N cm-a-to-?c-ra' t us. [From viip.a, 
 a “thread,” and xipcu a “horn.”] Hav- 
 ing filiform horns or antennm. 
 
 Nem'ii'toid. [Nematoi'des; from 
 vfjpa, a “thread,” and c'uog, a “form.”] 
 liesembling a thread. 
 
 Nem-a-to-iieu'rus.* [From vrjpa, a 
 “ thread,” and vtvpor, a “ nerve.”] Hav- 
 ing thread-like nerves. 
 
 Ne'me-OKs. [Ne metis; from rrjpa , 
 a “thread.”] Filamentose; composed 
 of threads, as some cryptogamous plants. 
 
 A T em-o-Mas'tiis. :;: [From vfjpa , a 
 “thread,” and /jAaaro's, a “ germ.”] Ap- 
 plied to filiform embiyos, as of mosses 
 and ferns. 
 
 Ke-mo^'er-us.* The same as Nema- 
 toceratus, which see. 
 
 Xem-o*gl«s-sa'tus.* [From vrjpa, a 
 “thread,” and yXdooa, the “tongue.”] 
 Having a filiform tongue. 
 
 Kern* 'o- rous. [IVemoro'siis ; from 
 ne'muSy nem'eris, a “grove.”] Belonging 
 to a wood, cr grove : nem'orose. 
 
 Nc-og'a-Ir:, a c-'tis* [From veog y 
 “new,” and y£.Xa, “milk.”] The Colos- 
 trum, or first milk of the mother after 
 childbirth. 
 
 Ne-o-ga-lac'ti-cns.* Belonging to 
 
 the ueor/ala : ncogalac'tic. 
 
 Nc-o-mia'tuis,* plural Ne-o-na't3, 
 
 genitive plural NTe-o-ita-to'riiin. [From 
 vco “new,” and na’tus , “born.”] (Fr. 
 Nouvcau-ne , noo'vo' n&.) A word signi- 
 fying “newly-born,” and occurring in 
 such phrases as Asphyxia Neonatorum 
 (“Asphyxia of New-born [Children”].) 
 See Asphyxia Neophytorum. 
 
 K'e33eait5Bacpa?, :: nep-en-tha/shc-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, natives of swamps in China and 
 India. It consists of a single genus, 
 Nep)en'the (Pitcher-Plant), in the dilated 
 pitcher-shaped petiole of which water is 
 secreted. 
 
 ETe-pem'tties.* [From vrj, negative, 
 and TibOog, “ grief.”] A medicine men- 
 tioned by the ancient writers as having 
 power to banish sorrow. It is supposed 
 by some to have been opium. 
 
 iKep'e-ta Ca-ta'rr-a.* The syste- 
 matic name far eatnep. See Cataria. 
 
 ISfep'eta VuiS-g-a/ris.* The same as 
 Nepeta Cataria. See Cataria. 
 
 Nepti'e-la.* [From vepcXv, a “cloud.”] 
 The same as Nebula, which see. 
 
 Ne-pBBel'ii-cais.* Belonging to the 
 nephelium : nephel'ic. 
 
 Xe-plie'lS-um.* [Diminutive of rc- 
 (b£\' 7 , a “ cloud.”] A spot on the cornea. 
 
 Nepli-e-lo'cles.* [From vr^zX^, a 
 353 
 
NEP 
 
 NER 
 
 “ cloud.”] The same as Nebulous, 
 which see. 
 
 X e pli-el-o-dom ' e- ter . [X eplielo- 
 (lom'etrum ; from re(peXr h a “ cloud,” 
 and odoperpoi/, an “ instrument for mea- 
 suring distances.”] An instrument for 
 ascertaining the distances of the clouds. 
 
 Nepli-e-lo-i'des.* [From vecpeXq, a 
 “ cloud,” and el do;, a "form/'] Resem- 
 bling a little cloud: neph'eloid. 
 
 Neplt-e-lol'o-g'y. [Neplielolo'gia : 
 from vepeXq, a “ cloud,” and Xdyo;, a ‘‘dis- 
 course.”] The science of the clouds. 
 
 Nep3i-e-l©-plio-rom'e-ter. [Xepls- 
 elopliorom'etruin; from vepeXq, a 
 “cloud,” (pipco, to “carry,” and perpoi /, a 
 “ measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
 taining the direction, order, and speed 
 of clouds. 
 
 Ne-plirwm-or-rlia'g'i-a.* [From ve- 
 0poj, the “kidney,” and alpoppayia, “hem- 
 orrhage.”] Hemorrhage of the kidney. 
 
 Ne-pfiral'£i-a.* [From ve'ppo c, the 
 “kidney,” and aXyog, “pain.”] Pain in 
 the kidney : nephral'gy. 
 
 Ne-pJiral'gic. [Xephral'gicMS.] 
 Belonging to nephralgia. 
 
 Nep3i-ra-uu'ri-a.* [From veppog, the 
 “ kidney,” a, priv., and ovpov, the “ urine.”] 
 Renal anuria , or non-secretion of urine. 
 
 Neph-ra-pos'ta-sis.* [From redpog, 
 the “kidney,” and dnotTraoig, “suppura- 
 tive inflammation.”] Renal abscess, or 
 suppurative inflammation of the kidney. 
 
 Nep!i-ra-to'ni-a.* [From veppog, the 
 “ kidney,” a, priv., and rouog, “tone.”] 
 Renal atony, or paralysis of the kidneys. 
 
 Ne-pliraux'e.* [From vecppog, the 
 “kidney,” and av£co, to “increase.”] 
 Enlargement of the kidney. 
 
 Ne-ptirel'cos,* or Ne-phrel'cus.* 
 [From vecppog, the “kidney,” and eXwg, an 
 “ulcer.”] An ulcer of the kidney. 
 
 Nepli-rel-co'sis.* The progress of 
 nephrelcus : renal ulceration. 
 
 X epli- r em-pli rax ' is.* [From vecppog, 
 the “kidney,” and epppa?tg, “obstruc- 
 tion.”] Obstruction of the vessels of the 
 kidney. 
 
 Ne'phrl-a.* [From vccppAg, the “kid- 
 ney.”] Proposed as a synonyme for 
 Bright’s Disease, or granulated kidney. 
 
 Nep5i'ri-cus.* [From reppog, the 
 “kidney.”] See Nephritic. 
 
 Ne-plirit'ic. [Nephrit'icus.] Be- 
 longing to the kidney. 
 
 Ne-phri'tis, !(//'«.* [From vt<pp6g, the 
 “ kidney.”] Inflammation of the kid- 
 neys. A genus of the order Phlegm as isr, 
 class Pgr ex lee, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Nephri'tis Al«bu-!nbno'§ 9 $ or 
 354 
 
 Al-fou-mi-nen'sis.* (“ Albuminous 
 Nephritis.”) A name for Bright’s Dis- 
 ease of the kidney ; under which term 
 have been confounded several distinct 
 renal diseases, all agreeing, however, in 
 the important symptom of albuminous 
 urine, viz.: acute and chronic desquama- 
 tive nephritis , non-desquamative nephritis , 
 fatty and amyloid (or waxy) degeneration. 
 
 Desquamative nephritis is characterized 
 by the shedding of the epithelium of the 
 secreting tubes, either entire or in broken 
 particles. Their debris blocks up the 
 tubes, and, when washed into the urine, 
 forms what have been termed the “tube 
 casts.” This process may be either acute 
 or chronic. In non-desquamative ne- 
 phritis (according to Johnson), the cells 
 are not shed, but become atrophied, 
 whilst the -tubules are blocked up by a 
 simple, albuminous deposit, which forms 
 what he terms the small hyaline casts. 
 
 Nepli'ro-^ele.* [From ve<ppcg, the 
 “kidney,” and * 17 X 77 , a “tumor.”] Her- 
 nia of the kidney. 
 
 Xepb-ro-^el'ic. [Neplarocel'- 
 icus.] Belonging to nephrocele. 
 
 Ne-pSirol'i-tlios,* or Ne-pUirol'i- 
 
 42ms.* [From vecppdg, the “kidney,” and 
 XiOog, a “ stone.”] An old term for a 
 renal calculus, or stone in the kidney. 
 
 X epli-ro-py-© 'sis.* [From vctppcg , 
 the “ kidney,” and ttvcoo ig, “ suppuration.”] 
 Suppuration of the kidney. 
 
 X e-ph rot 'o-my. [X eph ro to ' m ia ; 
 from vecppog, the “kidney,” and Tsgv co, to 
 “ cut.”] The dangerous and difficult 
 operation of cutting into the kidney to 
 extract a calculus. 
 
 Ne'ra. A name for Toddy, which see. 
 
 Nerf. See Nerve. 
 
 Nervate. See Nervose. 
 
 Ner-va'tion. [From ner'vus , a 
 “nerve.”] The arrangement of nerves 
 in leaves. 
 
 Nerve. [Lat. Ner'vus; Gr. vevpov ; 
 Fr. Nerf, neRf.] A long, medullary cord, 
 originating from the brain or spinal 
 marrow, by which sensation, volition, or 
 vital influence is conveyed to and from 
 the sensorium. It is applied in Botany 
 to parallel and simple veins. 
 
 Xerve-ae!ae. See Neuralgia. 
 
 Nerves, Pairs of. See Paria Ner~ 
 
 VORUM. 
 
 Ner'vl,* gen. Ner-vo'ruin, the plu- 
 ral of Ner'vus. Sec Nerve. 
 
 Ner'vlne. [Ncrvi'nus; from ner r 
 vu°, a “ nerve.”] Belonging to the nerves. 
 
 Nervorum Paria. Sec Paria Ner- 
 vorum. 
 
NER 
 
 NEU 
 
 Jfer-vo'rnm, Res-o-lu'tl-o.** 
 
 (‘‘Loosening of the Nerves.”) A name 
 for Paralysis. 
 
 Ner-vose'. [Nervo'sus.] Abound- 
 ing in nerves, as some leaves. 
 
 Ner'vons. [Jfervo'sus; from ner f - 
 viiSj a “ nerve.”] Belonging to, or con- 
 nected with, nerves. Applied to fevers 
 and affections of the nervous system, and 
 to medicines that act on the latter. See 
 Nervose. 
 
 Ner vous Flu'ld. [Flu'idum Ner'- 
 veum.] A fluid supposed to circulate 
 through the nerves, and to be the medium 
 by which sensation or motion is trans- 
 mitted from one portion of the nervous 
 system to another. 
 
 Nervous Walter. See Ne urine. 
 
 Ner'vousSys'tem. [Systc'maNer- 
 vo'ruin.] A collective term, compre- 
 hending all the nerves of the body. 
 These may be divided into two great 
 classes: — 1. Those chiefly appropriated 
 to perception, sensation, and voluntary 
 motion, connected more immediately with 
 the brain and spinal marrow. 2. Those 
 destined to the organs of involuntary 
 motion (such as the heart, stomach, etc.), 
 called by Bichat the “ organic nervous 
 system.” The latter belong to what is 
 often termed the ganglionic nervous system. 
 See Trisplanciinic Nerve. 
 
 Ner'vure. [From ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] 
 A vein of a leaf. 
 
 Ner'vus, 5 ' gen. Ner'vi. The Latin 
 term for Nerve, which see. 
 
 Ner'vus Ya'gus . 5 (“Wandering 
 Nerve.”) The pneumogastric nerve. 
 
 Net'ted. The same as Reticulated. 
 
 Net'ted-Vemed. An awkward term, 
 signifying having reticulated veins; that 
 is, marked with veins like a network, as 
 netted-veined leaves, which are charac- 
 teristic of exogenous plants. 
 
 Nettle. See Urtica. 
 
 Nettle-RasBs. See Urticaria. 
 
 Neii-ra-dy-na'im-a . 5 [From vcvpov, a 
 “nerve,” a, priv., and Avvapus, “strength.”] 
 Nervous debility. 
 
 Neu-ra-dy-uam'ic. [Neurady- 
 uam'icus.] Belonging to neuradyna- 
 mia. 
 
 Neu'ral. [Neura'lis; from vcvpov, 
 a “nerve.”] Belonging to nerves. 
 
 Neu'ral Ax'is. Used by Owen for 
 the trunk of the nervous system lodged 
 in the extensive canal formed by the 
 chain of the vertebrae. 
 
 Neu'ral Spine. Used by Owen for 
 the autogenous part in the vertebra, 
 above the neuraj^hysis, or parts lodg- 
 
 ing the neural axis ; the homologue of 
 the spinous process of a vertebra. 
 
 Neu-ral'gi-a.** [From vcvpov , a 
 “nerve,” and aXyoj, “pain.”] (Fr. Ne- 
 vralgie, nAvRStl'zh^'.) Pain in a nerve: 
 neural'gy. 
 
 Neu-ral'&ic. [Neural 'gicus.] Be- 
 longing to neuralgia. 
 
 Neu-ran-a-g’eii-iie'nia, a/w . 5 [From 
 
 vcvpov, a “ nerve,” and dvayewdeo, to “ re- 
 generate.”] A renewed or regenerated 
 portion of a nerve. 
 
 Neu-ran-a-£en-ne'sis.* [From the 
 same.] Regeneration, or renewal, of 
 nerves. 
 
 Nefo-ra-napli'y-sis.* [From vcvpov , 
 a “nerve,” and avacpvoj, to “produce,” 
 or “grow again.”] Similar to Neuran- 
 agennesis, which see. 
 
 Neu-ra-po-pliys'i-al. [Neurapo- 
 physia'lis.] Belonging to neurapoph- 
 ysis. 
 
 Neu-ra-poph'y-sis,* plural Neu- 
 ra-popli'y-ses. [From vcvpov, a “ nerve,” 
 and d-opvcx), to “be generated from.”] In 
 Comparative Anatomy, the lateral seg- 
 ments forming the sides of the superior 
 arch of the vertebra, which encloses the 
 axis or trunk of the nervous system, and 
 whose base is the body of the vertebra. 
 
 Neu-rar-te'ri-a.* [From vcvpov , a 
 “nerve,” and dprnpia, an “artery.”] The 
 intimate association of minute nerves 
 with minute arteries, distributed over 
 the whole body. 
 
 Neu-ras-tlBe-iii 'a.* [From vcvpov, a 
 “nerve,” and aoOcvcta, “debility.”] Ner- 
 vous debility. 
 
 Neii-ras-tlieii'ic. [Neurasthen'- 
 
 ieus.] Belonging to neurasthenia. 
 
 Neu-rec'to-nie,* or Neu-rec-t©'- 
 
 ml-a . 5 [From vcvpov, a “nerve,” and 
 cKTopd, a “ cutting out.”] Excision of a 
 nerve, or part of a nerve. 
 
 Neu-rec-tom i-cus . 5 Belonging to 
 neurectomy. 
 
 Neu'ri-a.* [Diminutive of vcvpov, a 
 “nerve.”] Fine nervous tissue or mem- 
 brane. as the retina. 
 
 Neu'ri-eus . 5 [From vcvpov, & “nerve.”] 
 Belonging to a nerve: neu'ric. 
 
 New-n-lern'ina , 5 or Neu-ri-le'ma, 
 a tis.% [From vcvpov, a “nerve,” and 
 Xcppa, “bark of plants.”] (Fr. Nevrileme, 
 nAvRe'lem' or njPvR& lam'.) The mem- 
 branous sheath encasing each nerve or 
 filament of a nerve : a neu'rileme. 
 
 Nefa-ri-lem-mi'tis, idis* [From 
 neurilem’ma . ] Inflammation of the neu- 
 rilemma. 
 
 Neu'rin, or Neu'rine. [Neuri'na; 
 
 355 
 
NELT 
 
 NEU 
 
 from vcvpov, a “ nerve.”] (Fr. Nevrine, 
 na'vRen'.) The matter of which nerves 
 are composed. One of the most import- 
 ant substances or tissues entering into 
 the composition of organic bodies. It 
 exhibits two forms: the vesicular ner- 
 vous matter, which is gray or cineritious 
 in color and granular in texture, and 
 contains nucleated nerve-vesicles ; and 
 the fibrous nervous matter, which is 
 white and tubular, though in some parts 
 its color is gray and its fibres solid. 
 
 Neii-ri-or-rliab'di-um.* [From vcv- 
 piov, a “little nerve/’ and pdSdiov, a “lit- 
 tle rod.”] In the plural, the rod-like 
 bodies of the retina, the corpora virgae~ 
 formi a retinae. 
 
 Neii-rit'ic. [Neurit'icus.] Belong- 
 ing to neuritis. 
 
 Neu-ri'tis, i di*% [From vcvpov, a 
 “nerve.”] (Fr. Nevrite, na'vR&t'.) In- 
 flammation of a nerve. 
 
 Neuroastlienia. See Neurasthenia. 
 
 Neu-ro-de-algi-a.* [From neuro' - 
 des tu'nica, a name for the “retina,” and 
 aAyo?, “pain.”] Pain, or excessive sensi- 
 bility, of the retina. 
 
 Neu»ro-de-a-tr©'plai-a.* [From 
 neuro' des tu'nica, the “ retina,” and afro ' - 
 phia , “want of nutrition.”] Atrophy 
 of the retina. 
 
 Neu-ro'des.* [From vcvpov, & “ nerve.”] 
 Abounding in nerves or. nervous sub- 
 stance. Applied to the retina, or tunica 
 neuro des. 
 
 Neu-ro-dy-nam 'i-cus.* Belonging 
 to neurodynamis : neurodynam'ic. 
 
 Neu-ro-dyn'a-mis.* [From vcvpov, 
 a “ nerve,” and dvvapis, “ strength.”] 
 Nervous strength, or energy. 
 
 Jfeu-ro-dyn'i-a. :!: [From vcvpov, a 
 
 “nerve,” and oivvrj, “pain.”] (Fr. Ne- 
 vrodynie, nAvno'de'n^'.) Pain of a 
 nerve ; an affection similar to neuralgia , 
 but limited by some writers to chronic 
 pain in the nerves. 
 
 Neu-ro-dyn'i-cus.* Belonging to 
 neurodynia : ncurodym'ic. 
 
 \eu-rog c-ny. [Newrogc'nia; from 
 
 vcvpoi >, a “nerve,” and ycvccus, “genera- 
 tion.”] The formation or production of 
 nerves. 
 
 Neu'ro-Oli'a.* [From vcvpov, a 
 “ nerve,” and yAia, “ glue,” or “cement.”] 
 Nerve-cement. A term applied by Vir- 
 chow to the substance or cement which 
 binds the proper nervous elements of a 
 nerve together, and, to a certain extent, 
 gives to the whole its form. A remark- 
 able peculiarity of neuro-glia is, that in 
 it are always found, in greater or less 
 356 
 
 number, minute corpuscles (termed cor 
 goora amyla' cea), which, in their structure 
 and chemical properties, closely resemble 
 vegetable starch, invariably becoming 
 blue on the addition of iodine. See 
 Lardaceous Degeneration. 
 
 Neu-rog'ra-pliy. [Neurogra'phia ; 
 from vcvpov, a “nerve,” and ypcupco, to 
 “ write.”] A description of the nerves. 
 
 Neurohymenitis. See Neurilem- 
 mitis. 
 
 Neu-ro-hyp'no-tism. [Xewro- 
 
 Siypnotis'mus ; from vcvpov, a “ nerve,” 
 and x mvog, “ sleep.”] A term for the state 
 induced by mesmerism, intended to sig- 
 nify partial sleep of the nervous system. 
 
 Neu'roid. [Neuroi'des; from vcvpov, 
 a “ nerve.”] Resembling a nerve, or ner- 
 vous substance. 
 
 Neurolemma. See Neurilemma. 
 
 Neu-ro-log i-cal. [Neurolog 1 '- 
 
 icus.] Belonging to neurology. 
 
 Neu-rol'o-gy* [Neurolo'gia; from 
 vcvpov, a “nerve,” and \6yog, a “dis- 
 course.”] (Fr. Nevrologie, n&'vRo'lo'- 
 zh<V) The consideration of the nature 
 and functions of the nerves. That part 
 of Anatomy which treats of the nerves. 
 
 Neu-ro'ma, sitis .* [From vcvpov, a 
 “nerve.”] (Fr. Nevrome, nAvRom'.) A 
 knotty swelling, or tumor, in the course 
 of a nerve : nervous tumor. 
 
 Neuromalacia,* nu-ro-ma-la'she-a. 
 [From vcvpov, a “nerve,” and paXcuda, 
 “ softness.”] Softening of the nerves. 
 
 Neu-rom'a-tous. [Neuromat©'- 
 sus.] Having the nature of a neuroma , 
 or nervous tumor. 
 
 Neu-r©-my-e-li'tis, i dis.% [From 
 vcvpov, a “nerve,” and pvcXog, “marrow.”] 
 Inflammation of nervous or medullary 
 substance. 
 
 Neu-ro-my-e-lo'des.* [From the 
 same.] Having, or resembling, medullary 
 substance. 
 
 Neu-r©-my-e-l©-i'des. :: [From vcvpov, 
 a “nerve,” and clbog, a “ form.”] Resem- 
 bling nervous, or medullary, substance. 
 
 Neuron. See Nerve. 
 
 Neu-ron'o-sos/ : or Neii-ron'o-sus.* 
 [From vcvpov, a “ nerve,” and vdao a 
 “disease.”] Nervous disease, or disease 
 of a nerve. See Neuropathy. 
 
 Neu-ro-path'lc. [Neuropath 'i- 
 cus.] Belonging to neuropathy. 
 
 Neu-rop'a-llny. [Neuropatlii'a; 
 from vcvpov, a “nerve,” and nddo;, an “af- 
 fection,” or “ disease.”] Nearly the same 
 as Neuronosus. 
 
 Neu-roph-ttiis'I-cus.* Belonging 
 to neurogththisis. 
 
NEU 
 
 NIC 
 
 X eu-roj)li ' 48s [From vevpo v, a 
 
 “ nerve/’ and (pOu ng, a “ wasting.”] Ner- 
 vous tabes, or wasting away of the nerv es. 
 
 Neurojjstcra. See Neuiiopterous. 
 Neu-rop-ter-ol'o-gy* [Neurop- 
 terolo'gia; from neurop' terns, and \6yog, 
 a “ discourse.”] A treatise on the Neu- 
 roptcra ; that branch of Entomology 
 which treats of neuropterous insects. 
 
 N eu-rop'ter-us.* [From vevpov, a 
 “ nerve,” and tt repov, a “ wing.”] Neurop'- 
 terous, or nerve-winged. Applied in the 
 plural neuter {Neurop' tera) to an order of 
 injects in which the surface of the wings 
 is finely reticulated. The dragon-fly 
 may be regarded as the type of this 
 order. 
 
 ^reM-r©-s^en-o-gra'phB-a. :;: - [From 
 vevpov, a “ nerve,” and cKrjvoypatiia, the 
 “art of scene-painting.”] Pictures, or 
 representations, of the nerves. 
 
 Neu'rose. [From vevpov, a “nerve.”] 
 The same as Nervose, which see. 
 
 Neii-ro'sis,* plural Neii-ro'ses. 
 [From the same.] (Fr. Nevrose , nd'vRoz'.) 
 A nervous affection or disease; in the 
 plural, a class of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Neu-ros-the-iii'a.* [From vevpov, a 
 “nerve,” and adeveia, a “contest,” a 
 “trial or exertion of strength.”] Great 
 nervous power or excitement. See 
 Neurodynamis. 
 
 Nefa-ro-tEieTe.* [From vevpov, a 
 “nerve,” and OrjXrj, the “nipple.”] A 
 nervous papilla . 
 
 New-r©-tfae-le-i'tis, i dis* [From 
 neurothe' leP] Inflammation of nervous 
 papillse. 
 
 Neii-rot'ie. [Ne«rot'ictis ; from 
 vevpov , a “ nerve.”] Of or belonging to 
 the nerves; nervous. 
 
 Neu-rot'i-ca.* [From neurot' tens, 
 “pertaining to the nerves.”] The name 
 of a class in Dr. Good’s Nosology, com- 
 prising diseases of the nervous func- 
 tion. 
 
 Jfefi-rot'o-my. [Neur©t©'mia; 
 
 from vevpov, a “nerve,” and Tepvos, to 
 “ cut.”] (Fr. Nevrotomie , nd'vRo'to'me'.) 
 Dissection of the nerves. The cutting 
 or division of a nerve. 
 
 Nefa-r©-tr©'ma, a tis.% [From vevpov , 
 a “ nerve,” and rpdvpa for rpavpa , a 
 “wound.”] The wound of a nerve. 
 
 Neu-r©-tr©'sis.* The progress of 
 neurotroma. 
 
 Xeu-ry'men, eni-s.* [From vevpov, 
 a “nerve,” and vpfjv, a “membrane.”] 
 The same as Neurilemma, which see. 
 
 Xeu-rym-e-ni'tis, i dis.% [From 
 tteury'men.\ See Neurilemmitis. 
 
 31 
 
 Neu'tral. [Lat. Neutra'lis; Fr. 
 
 Neutre, nutu; from neu'ter , “neither of 
 the two.”] Applied to flowers having 
 neither stamens nor pistils, and so pro- 
 ducing no seed. Applied in Chemistry 
 to substances which have neither the 
 property of an alkali nor an acid, as 
 creatin ; also to salts in which the base 
 is perfectly saturated without excess of 
 either acid or alkali. 
 
 Heu>tradi*za tion. [Jfentraliza'- 
 tio, o'?iis; from neutra'lis , “neutral.”] 
 Applied to the complete loss of charac- 
 teristic properties attending certain com- 
 binations, when one ingredient is neutral- 
 ized or saturated by the other. Thus, if 
 forty parts of sulphuric acid be added 
 to forty-eight parts of pure caustic pot- 
 ash, both the acid and alkali lose their 
 characteristic qualities, and a neutral 
 compound is formed, which has neither 
 alkalinity nor acidity. 
 
 Neu-tri-fl© ' rus.* [From neu'ter , 
 “neutral,” and jlos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing neutral flowers : neutriflo'rous. 
 
 IVTvralgie. See Neuralgia. 
 
 N e vrast Bienia. See Neurasthenia. 
 
 N€vril£me. See Neurilemma. 
 
 Kfivrine. See Neurine. 
 
 ]>Y‘vrite. See Neuritis. 
 
 Nevrol©gie. See Neurology. 
 
 ^vrome. See Neuroma. 
 
 Jf^vrose. See Neurosis. 
 
 Mvrot©mie. See Neurotomy. 
 
 New Jersey Tea. See Red Root. 
 
 Nez (Fr.), nd. See Nasus. 
 
 Nicaragua (nik-ar-d'gwd) Wood, 
 called also PeacSi Wood. The wood 
 of a tree which belongs to the genus 
 Csesalpinia, and grows near Lake Nicara- 
 gua. It is used as a dye. 
 
 Nie'co-late. [Nic 'colas, a't/s.] 
 Niccolic oxide being a base or acid, this 
 name has been given to the compounds 
 which it produces, when it plays the 
 second part. 
 
 Nic-col'I-cais.* Belonging to nicco- 
 lum, or nickel : niccolic. 
 
 Niclk'el. A white, hard metal, gen- 
 erally found in the metallic state ; some- 
 times as an oxide. It is found in all 
 meteoric stones. Its specific gravity is 
 about 9. It is used extensively in the 
 preparation of German silver, of which 
 it constitutes one-fifth part. 
 
 Nicotia. See Nicotin. 
 
 Nicotiana,* ne-ko-she-a'na. [From 
 Nicot, who first brought it to Europe.] 
 Tobacco. A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Pentandria , natural order Solanacese. 
 
 Nicosia' ita A-mer-i-ca'na.* A 
 
 357 
 
NIC 
 
 NIT 
 
 name for the Nicotiana tabacum, or to- 
 bacco-plant. 
 
 Nicotia'na Tab'a*cnm. i: The Vir- 
 ginia tobacco-plant. 
 
 Nicotianira, ne-ko'she-a-nin. [Nico- 
 tiani'na; from nicotia'na .] A fatty, 
 volatile substance, found in tobacco, to 
 which it gives the characteristic odor. 
 
 Ni-c©t i-cus.* Belonging to nicotin. 
 
 Nic'o-tin, or Nic'o-tine. [Nico- 
 ti'na; from nicotia'na, “ tobacco.”] An 
 acrid colorless (or nearly colorless) fluid, 
 forming the active principle of tobacco : 
 it is a powerful poison. 
 
 M ictitating Membrane. See Me m - 
 
 BRANA NlCTITATANS. 
 
 Nic4I-ta'tion. [Nictita'tio, o 'nis; 
 from nic’tito, nictita'tum , to “ wink 
 often.”] A quick and frequent closing 
 of the eyelids ; frequent winking. 
 
 Nid-l-fi-ca'tiow. [Mdiflca'tio, 
 © ’nis; from ni'dus , a “nest,” and fa’cio , 
 to “ make.”] The act or process of form- 
 ing a nest. 
 
 Xld'n-lant. [Xad'filaiiis, an'/w; 
 
 from nid'-ulor, to “nestle.”] Nestling. A 
 term sometimes used in Botany. 
 
 3iifl-n-la/ti©ifi. [Kidola'tio, © 'nis; 
 from the same.] The act of sitting on a 
 nest ; incubation. 
 
 X itl-n-la'tus.- [F rom nid'ulus, a 
 “little nest.”] Nestled; in a nest; 
 nid'ulate. 
 
 Niglif-Bliaadaiess. See Hemera- 
 lopia. 
 
 Xigbtmare. See Ephialtes, Incu- 
 bus, and Oneirodynia Gravans. 
 
 Nigfct'sbade, Bead'ly. The At'ropa 
 belladon'na. 
 
 Night'sbade, W©od'y. The Sola'- 
 
 num didcama'ra. 
 
 See Nyctalopia. 
 
 Nig-ri-cau'lis.' 1 [From ni'c/er, 
 “ black,” and cau'lis, a “ stem.”] Hav- 
 ing a black stem : nigricau'linc. 
 
 Nig'ri-pes, p 'edis.* [From ni'c/er, 
 “black,” and pes, a “foot.”] Having a 
 black 8tipes, or foot. 
 
 Kig-ra-sper'mnis.* [From ni'c/er, 
 “ black,” and aidppa, a “ seed.”] Having 
 black seeds. 
 
 Nig-rities,* ni-grish'c-ez. [From 
 ni’c/er, “ black.”] Literally, “ blackness.” 
 A black or dark color. 
 
 Nig-ri'ties Os'siucn* (osh'e-um). 
 (“ Blackness of the Bones.”) A term 
 sometimes applied to caries. 
 
 Nihil Al bum. Literally, “white 
 nothing.” A name for the flowers of the 
 white oxide of zinc. 
 
 Ni-o'l>I-um. A new metal discov- 
 358 
 
 ered in the Bavarian tantalite. The name 
 was given from Niobe , the daughter of 
 Tantalus, to show the affinity or analogy 
 of the metal to tantalium. 
 
 Niph-a-blep'sl-a.* [From vtya, 
 “snow,” and dSXcipia, “blindness.”] 
 Snow-blindness. Blindness caused by 
 the glaring reflection of sunlight upon 
 the snow. To guard against this disease, 
 the Esquimaux wear goggles called snow- 
 eyes. 
 
 A iph-o-typk -Eo 'sis. - The progress 
 
 of niphotyphlotes. 
 
 NipEi-o-typh'lo-tes.* [From vtya, 
 “ snow,” and rvcp\6g, “ blind.”] Blind- 
 ness produced by exposure to the glare 
 of sunlight upon the snow: the same as 
 Niphablepsia. 
 
 Nip'ple. [Lat. Mammilla: Fr. 
 
 Mamelon, m§nTl6N G \] The small conical 
 projection in the centre of the breast. 
 See Mammilla, and Papilla. 
 
 Ni'sus.* [From ni'tor , ni'sus , to 
 “endeavor.”] An effort made by the 
 contraction of the diaphragm and ab- 
 dominal muscles, to expel any thing 
 from the body. Also applied to the 
 vernal generative impulse of birds, etc. 
 
 NTsuis For-ma-ti ' vus. $ Literally, 
 a “ formative effort.” A principle simi- 
 lar to gravitation, applied by Blumen- 
 bach to organized matter, by which each 
 organ is supposed to be endowed, as 
 soon as it acquires structure, with a vita 
 propria, or vital power peculiar to itself. 
 
 Nit'id. [Nit'idus; from ni'ieo, to 
 “shine.”] Smooth and shining. Applied 
 to some plants, or leaves. 
 
 Nit-i-di-flo'rus.* [From nit'idus , 
 “ shining,” and Jlo8, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing brilliant flowers : nitidiflo'rous. 
 
 Nit-I-dl-fo'li-us.* [From nit'idus, 
 “ shining,” and /o' Hum, a “ leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing shining leaves : nitidifo'lious. 
 
 Ni'tras Ar-^en'ts.* (“Nitrate of 
 Silver.”) See Lunar Caustic. 
 
 Nitras P©tassse. See Potassjb 
 Nitras. 
 
 Ni'trale. [Ni'tras, a'f*>.] A com- 
 bination of nitric acid with a base. 
 
 Ni'trate ©f Potash. Nitre, or salt- 
 petre. 
 
 Ni'trate ©f Sil'ver. The Nitrat 
 arc/enti, or lunar caustic. 
 
 M'trat-ed. [Nitra'tus.] Applied 
 to a base converted into a salt by com- 
 bination with nitric acid. 
 
 Ni'tro. [Lat. Ni'triim ; Gr. virpo >.] 
 The nitrate of potash, commonly called 
 saltpetre. It is the chief ingredient of 
 gunpowder. See Potass a: Nitras. 
 
NIT 
 
 NOD 
 
 NTI'tric. [Ni'tricus ; from ni'trum, 
 “nitre.”] Belonging to nitre. Applied 
 to an acid. 
 
 NTi'tric A^'id [A$'iduvn Ni'tri- 
 cum], formerly called A qua For'tis* 
 (“Strong Water”). A compound of 
 oxygen and nitrogen, which contains 
 five equivalents of the former to one of 
 the latter. It is a powerful solvent, dis- 
 solving all the metals ordinarily met 
 with, except gold and platinum. See 
 Aqua Fortis. 
 
 NTi-trl-fi-ca'tion. [Nitrifnca'tio, 
 
 o 'nis; from ni'trum, “nitre,” and fa'cio, 
 to “make.”] The process of conversion 
 into nitre. 
 
 Nii'trite. [Ni'tris, i'fo*.] A com- 
 bination of nitrous acid with a base. 
 
 NTi-tro-ben-zin'ic A^'id. [A^'idum 
 Nitrobenzin'icus.] The name given 
 to a new nitrogenous acid, into which 
 benzoic acid is transformed when acted 
 upon by strong nitric acid : also termed 
 benzoi-nitric. 
 
 Xi-tro-ben'zole, or Ni-tro-ben'- 
 zule, also called Wi-tro-ben'zide. 
 [From ni'tric , benzo'ic, and 0X7, “ stuff,” 
 or “substance.”] A peculiar substance, 
 produced by the action of concentrated 
 nitric acid on benzole. It is sometimes 
 called “artificial oil of bitter almonds;” 
 but it differs essentially from the true 
 oil in containing no prussic acid. 
 
 Nii'tro-gen. [Nitroge'nium ; from 
 virpoif, “nitre,” and yewaxa, to “gene- 
 rate.”] An important elementary prin- 
 ciple, forming about four-fifths of atmo- 
 spheric air ; azote. 
 
 Xrtro-gfe-nlzed Foods. Sub- 
 stances containing nitrogen, and sup- 
 posed to be the only substances capable 
 of being converted into blood, and of 
 forming organic tissues. 
 
 Nii'tro-mu-ri-at'ic A$'id. [Lat. 
 A$'idiim Hitromnriaticnm, or 
 A'qua Ite'gia; Fr. Ean regale, o iA'- 
 g&l'.] A compound acid formed by the 
 union of nitric and muriatic acids. It 
 is the only known acid which has the 
 power of dissolving gold. 
 
 Xi'trous. [Biitro'sus; from ni'- 
 trum, “nitre.”] Belonging to nitre. 
 
 Ni trous A?'id. [A^'idum Nitro'- 
 sum.] An acid consisting of four 
 equivalents of oxygen combined with 
 one equivalent of nitrogen. 
 
 Nl'trous Ox'ide. More properly, 
 the protoxide of nitrogen, the compound 
 known as exhilarating or laughing gas. 
 
 Ni'trum Flam 'mans** [from flam' - 
 mo, to “flame”]. A name given to 
 
 nitrate of ammonia, from its property of 
 exploding. 
 
 Ni'trum Sat-ur-ni'num.** An- 
 other name for nitrate of lead. See 
 Plumbi Nitras. 
 
 Ni'tru-ret. [Nitrure'tum ; from 
 ni'trum, “nitre.”] A combination of 
 nitrogen with a simple body. 
 
 Nii'val. [Niva'lis; from nix, nr' vis, 
 “ snow.”] Applied to plants which flower 
 during winter: also to those which grow 
 upon mountains covered with eternal 
 snows, and to those that grow on the 
 snow itself. 
 
 Niv'e-ous. [From the same.] Snow- 
 white. 
 
 N. M. Nux Moscha'ta.% “Nutmeg.” 
 
 No. = Nu'mero. The Italian word 
 for “ number.” 
 
 Niob'I-lis.* [From nos'eo, to “ know.”] 
 Well known, distinguished: hence, 
 “noble,” as used in English. Applied to 
 many objects, by way of eminence. 
 
 Noc-tani-bu-la'tion. [Noctam- 
 biola'tio, o ' nis ; from nox, noc'tis , 
 “ night,” and am'bulo, ambula'tum, to 
 “walk.”] Sleep-walking, or walking 
 during sleep ; Oneirodyn’ia acti'va. 
 
 Noc-tl-flo'rus.* [From nox, “ night,” 
 and Jlo 8 , a “ flower.”] Flowering at 
 night: noctiflo'rous. 
 
 Noc-ti-lu'cus.* [From nox, “night,” 
 and lu'ceo, to “ shine.”] Applied to 
 flowers which open at night, and close 
 during its course. 
 
 Noc-tur'nal. [A T octnr'nus ; from 
 nox, noc’tis, “night.”] Belonging to 
 the night-time. Applied to flowers 
 which remain open during the night 
 and close themselves in the daytime, or 
 shed an agreeable odor at night and are 
 inodorous in the day. Applied in Ento- 
 mology to a family of the Lepidoptera 
 which fly only at night, or after sunset; 
 in Ornithology, to a family of predaceous 
 birds which are chiefly on the wing in 
 the twilight and when the moon shines, 
 and forming, according to Linnaeus, but 
 one genus (Strix), including the owls. 
 
 Nocturnal Blindness. See Heme- 
 ralopia. 
 
 Noc-tur'n«al F-mis'sion. The 
 
 same as Nocturmal Pollution. 
 
 Nocturnal Fight. See Nyctalopia. 
 
 STocturnal Pollution. See Sper- 
 matorrhoea Dormientium. 
 
 Nod'ding. Curved so that the apex 
 hangs down. Applied to plants. 
 
 Node. [Lat. No dus, plural Ko'di; 
 from the Hebrew Anad, to “knit,” or 
 “tie;” Fr. Nocud, nuh.] A knot, knob, 
 359 
 
NOD 
 
 NOS 
 
 or joint. The point of intersection of 
 the orbit of a planet with the ecliptic. 
 In Botany, the place on a stem where a 
 leaf is attached Also, a hard, circurn 
 scribed tumor on a bone, arising from a 
 swelling of the periosteum. 
 
 No'«li Ner-vo'riim.* (‘"Knots of the 
 Nerves.”) The same as ganglion*. See 
 Ganglion. 
 
 No-dif er-us.* [From no'dus, a 
 “ knot,” or “ node,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
 Bearing nodes : nodiferous. 
 
 Nod-i-flo'rus.* [From no'dus, a 
 “knot,” or “node,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] 
 Having flowers with nodes or joints. 
 
 Nod'I-pes, p 'edis.% [From no'dus, 
 a “knot,” or “node,” and pes, a “foot.”] 
 Having feet thickset with nodosities. 
 
 No-dose'. [Notlo sns; from no'dus, 
 a “knot,” or “node.”] Having nodes; 
 knotty ; swollen in some parts, contracted 
 at others. 
 
 No-do'sis.* [From the same.] The 
 progress or formation of nodes ; the node 
 disease. 
 
 No-dos'i-ty. [Nodos'itas, n'tis; 
 from the same.] The state, or quality, 
 of being nodose. 
 
 Nod'u-lar. [Nodula'ris.] Be- 
 longing to a nodule ; having the form 
 of a nodule. 
 
 Nod-ii-la'ri-us.* [From nod' ulus, a 
 “nodule.”] Having nodules: nodula'- 
 rious. 
 
 Nodule. [Nod' ulus: diminutive 
 of no'dus, a “ node.”] A little node. 
 
 Nod-u-lif'er-us.* [From nod’ ulus, 
 a “nodule,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing nodosities: nodulif 'erous. 
 
 Nod'u-lose. [Nodalo'sus; from 
 nod’ ulus, a “nodule.”] Full of nodules. 
 
 No 'd us, ** plural Nodi. “A knot.” 
 See Node. 
 
 No'«lus Cer'e-bri.* (“ Knot of the 
 Brain.”) A designation of the Pons 
 Varolii, which see. 
 
 Noeud. See Node. 
 
 Noix, nw&. The French for Nut, 
 which see. 
 
 No'li me Tan'&e-re.* (“ Touch me 
 not.”) A malignant disease affecting 
 the skin, and sometimes the cartilages, 
 of the nose. 
 
 No'ma.* [From vinos, to “ eat away.”] 
 A corroding, ulcerous disease of the skin, 
 frequently attacking the mouth. It is 
 sometimes called Cancer A qnaticus (“ Wa- 
 tery Cancer”), because accompanied by a 
 flow of saliva. Also applied to an ulcer- 
 ation of the pudenda in female children. 
 
 Nombril, n6m'bn^'. See Umbilicus. 
 300 
 
 No'men-cla-ture. [Nomencla^ 
 
 tu 'ra: from no' men, a “name,” and 
 ca'io, to “call.”] The proper arrange- 
 ment and application of a set of dis- 
 tinctive and significant words as names 
 of particular objects in science or lan- 
 guage. 
 
 Non Compos Men'tis.* (“Not 
 Sound of Mind.”) Applied to those “ who 
 lose their intellects by disease, that grow 
 deaf, dumb, and blind, not having been 
 born so; or such, in short, as are judged 
 by the Court of Chancery incapable of 
 conducting their own affairs.” 
 
 Non-l’om'po-tes.* [The plural of 
 Non Compos.] Not having ability or 
 .purpose; madmen. 
 
 Nootfli's Ap-pa-ra'tus. An appa- 
 ratus for impregnating water with car- 
 bonic acid or other gases. 
 
 Nor mal. [From nor'ma, a “rule.”] 
 Regular; without any deviation from the 
 ordinary structure or function. 
 
 Northern Light. A popular name 
 for the Auro'ra Borea'lis. 
 
 Nose. See Nasus. 
 
 Nose, Bleeding of the. See Epi- 
 
 STAXIS. 
 
 Nos-o-co-mi-a'lis,* or Nos-o-co'- 
 mi-al. Belonging to a nosocomium. 
 
 Nos-o-co-mi'um. ;: [From voaog, a 
 
 “disease,” and Kopcos, to “take care of.”] 
 A hospital or infirmary for the sick. 
 
 Nos-o-<!o-ebi'um.* [From v6oog, 
 “disease,” and doxeiov, a “receptacle.”] 
 See Hospital. 
 
 Nos-o-s'e'iiS-a,* or Nos-o-gen'e-sis.* 
 
 [From I'daog, “ disease,” and y&eoiq, “ gene- 
 ration.”] The production and progress 
 of disease. 
 
 No-sog'ira-phy. [Nosographia; 
 
 from v(xrog, “disease,” and ypinpos, to 
 “write.”] A description of diseases, 
 their characters, nature, and course. 
 
 Nos-o-logr'a-cal. [Nosolo£'icus.] 
 Bel on gins: to nosology. 
 
 No-sol'o-gy. [Nosolo'g-ia: from 
 vfoog, “ disease,” and X 6yog, a “ discourse.”] 
 The doctrine or science of diseases; also, 
 that science or system which treats of 
 the classification of diseases. 
 
 Nos-tal's’I-a.- [From marius, to “ come 
 home,” or “return,” and aXyog, “pain.”] 
 (Fr. Maladic du Pays , m&'l&'d£' dii p&-£'.) 
 Nos'falgy. An intense longing to return 
 to one’s native country: longing for 
 home; home sickness. A genus of the 
 order Dysorexite, class Locales, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Nos-t&l'&ic. [Nostal'gicus.] Be- 
 longing to nostalgia. 
 
NOS 
 
 NUC 
 
 Nos-to-ma'iil-a.* [From voario), 
 to ‘‘come home," or “ return," and pavia , 
 “madness."] A kind of madness, form- 
 ing the highest degree of nostalgia. 
 
 Nostril. See Naris. 
 
 Nos'trum.* [Neuter of nos'fer. 
 “ours;" implying that it is private pro- 
 perty, not shared by the community at 
 large.] A significant term for any quack 
 or patent medicine. 
 
 No-tal'gi-a.* [From vdrov, the 
 “back," and a\yo$, “pain."] Pain of 
 the back. 
 
 No-tal'gfi-cus.* Belonging to uo- 
 taUjia : notal'gic. 
 
 Notch. (Fr. Eehancrure, &'shoN Q 'kriiR'.) 
 A depression or indentation on the cir- 
 cumference or edge of certain bones. 
 
 No-tcn-^CBih'ti-lo-^ele.*- [From vd- 
 tov, the “back," iyKc^aXov, the “brain," 
 and Kri\r], a “ tumor."] Protrusion of the 
 brain (in a monster-foetus) from a cleft 
 in the back of the head. 
 
 No-tcii-^epBi a-lus. ;i: [From vdno:>, 
 the “back," and iyKC(pa\ov , the “brain."] 
 A monster-foetus, with the brain in a 
 hernial mass on the back. 
 
 No'to-chord. [From vdrov, the 
 “back," and xopfo ?, a “string."] A term 
 for the spinal marrow. 
 
 No-to-my'e-los,* or No-to-iny'c- 
 lus. : - [From vdrov, the “ back," and 
 p')e\os, “ marrow."] The Medullse ejiina- 
 li8 , or spinal marrow. 
 
 No-tm*-rhi'ze-MS.* [From vdrov, the 
 “back," and pKa, a “root."] Having 
 the radicles turned up against one of 
 the faces of the cotyledons. 
 
 Nmurrice, noo'r£ss'. A French term 
 for “nurse." See Nutrix. 
 
 Nomire, noo'iiR'. The French term 
 for “ rickets." See Rachitis. 
 
 Nmiveau-n£, noo'vo n&\ The 
 French term for “ newly-born." See Neo- 
 natits. 
 
 No-vac'n-lar. [Novaeula'ris ; from 
 novae' via, a “razor."] Literally, “per- 
 taining to a razor." Applied to a variety 
 of schist with which hones or razor-stones 
 are made. 
 
 No-vac'u-litc. [From novac’ula , a 
 “razor," and \i6og, a “ stone."] A stone 
 of which hones are made for sharpening 
 razors. It is of a slaty structure, and 
 contains silex. 
 
 No-vem-cos-ta'tiis.* [From vo'vem , 
 “nine," and cos'ta, a “rib."] Having 
 nine ribs or longitudinal projections. 
 
 No-vem-lo-ba'tus.' ;f [From vo'vem , 
 “nine," and lo'bus, a “lobe."] Divided 
 into nine lobes. 
 
 31 * 
 
 Nu-bec'ii-la.* [Diminutive of nn'be8 f 
 a “cloud."] The little cloud-like ap- 
 pearances suspended in the urine in cer - 
 tain disordered conditions. 
 
 Nu-bec-u-la'tus.* Presenting ap- 
 pearances resembling nubeculse: nubecu- 
 late. 
 
 Nu-bi&'cii-ous. [Nnbig'eiiiiN ; 
 
 from n u'bes, a “cloud," and ge’no, to 
 “beget."] Cloud-born. Growing upon 
 mountains at a very great height. 
 
 Nu-ca-men'tuin.* [From mix, a 
 “ nut." and amen' turn, a “ catkin."] Sy- 
 nonymous with Amentum. 
 
 Nu'ceS,* the plural of Nux, which see. 
 
 Nu'cha,* gen. Nu'-eliae. The nape, 
 or back part, of the neck. 
 
 Nu-elta'lis.* Belonging to the nucha , 
 
 Nu-clf'er-ous. [Nudferns; from 
 mix, nu'eis. a “ nut," and fe'ro , to “ bear."] 
 Bearing nuts. 
 
 Nu-ci-for'mis.* [From mix, nu'cis, 
 a “nut."] Resembling a nut; nuci- 
 form. 
 
 Nu'cle-at-ed. [Nuclca'tus; from 
 vn'dcus, a “kernel," or “central part."] 
 Having nuclei. 
 
 Nu'cle-i,* the plural of Nucleus, 
 which see. 
 
 Nu-cle-if'er-us.* [From nn'cleus, a 
 “kernel," or “central part," and fe'ro , 
 to “bear."] Bearing kernels. 
 
 Kw-cIe'l-foi’Mi. [Nuclei for 'mis ; 
 from nu'cleus, a “kernel," or “central 
 part."] Resembling a nucleus; nut- 
 shaped. 
 
 Nu-ele'o-lus,* plural Nw-ele'o-15. 
 
 [Diminutive of nn'cleus , a “kernel," or 
 “ central part."] A little nucleus : a nu'- 
 cleole. 
 
 Nu'cle-os,* plural Nti-cle'l. [From 
 mix , a “ nut."] In Astronomy, that por- 
 tion of a macula (or spot on the sun’s 
 surface) which is much darker than the 
 rest; also applied to a small dense por- 
 tion in the centre of a comet. In Botany, 
 the kernel of a nut, or of the stone of 
 fruit. Also, any solid substance, or 
 thread, suspended in crystallizing mat- 
 ter, to afford points of contact for the 
 commencement of crystallization. Sy- 
 nonymous with Cytoblast. Any thing 
 about which a substance or matter 
 gathers, as a cherry-stone forming the 
 centre of a calculus. 
 
 Ntt-cu-la'iii-um.* A name for a 
 berry containing several seeds, as a 
 grape. 
 
 Nu'cule. [Nti'eula; diminutive of 
 nux , a “nut."] A little nut; a small, 
 hard, seed-like pericarp, as in the oak. 
 
 361 
 
NUC 
 
 NYC 
 
 Xn-ea-lo'sus." [From nu'cula, a 
 “ nucule.’’] Having nucules. 
 
 Nu-cli-branch i-ate. [Nudibran- 
 
 chia'tus; from nu'dus, “ naked.” and 
 branch' ise , the “respiratory organs” in cer- 
 tain animals.] Having exposed branchiae. 
 
 N ii-di-cau 'date. [N udieauda'- 
 tus: from nu'dus , “naked,” and can' da, 
 a “ tail.”] Having the tail without hairs. 
 
 Ku-di-cau'lis.^ [From nu'dus, “na- 
 ked,” and cau' l is, a “ stem.”] Having a 
 leafless stem. 
 
 Nu-cli-flo'rus.* [From nu'dus, “na- 
 ked,” and jios, a “flower.”] Having a 
 naked corolla : nudiflo'rous. 
 
 Nu-di-foli-us. [From nu'dus, “na- 
 ked,” and f o' Hum , a “leaf.”] Having 
 smooth leaves. 
 
 X u-di-pel-lif 'er-us.* [From nu'dus, 
 “naked,” pel'lis, the “skin,” and fe'ro, 
 to “bear.”] Having the skin entirely 
 bare. 
 
 Nu'di-pes, i *'edis.% [From nu’dus, 
 “naked,” and pes, a “foot.”] Having 
 naked feet: nu'dipede. 
 
 Nul-li-uer'vis.* [From nul' l us , 
 “none,” or “ no,” and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] 
 Applied to leaves which have neither 
 true nor false nerves. 
 
 Nul-1 i p ' o- r us. * [From nul’lus, 
 
 “none,” or “no,” and po'rus, a “pore.”] 
 Having no pores on their surface. 
 
 Numbness. See Torpor. 
 
 Nu-mis-ma'lis.* [From numis'ma , 
 a “coin.”] Like a piece of money : nu- 
 mis'mal. Applied to certain shells. 
 
 Nu-mis-inatic. [Numismat'icus; 
 from numis'ma, a “coin.”] Pertaining 
 to a coin or medal. 
 
 N u-mis-mat ' ics. [N umismat 
 
 ica; from numismat'icus, “pertaining to a 
 coin.”] The science of coins and medals. 
 
 Num-mi-for'uiis.* [From num'- 
 mu8, a “medal,” or “coin.”] Shaped 
 like a piece of money: num'miforin. 
 
 \nm mudar [Nummula ris], and 
 Num'mu-Iat-ed [Nummula tus: 
 from num'mulus, a “coin”]. Pertaining 
 to, or resembling, a coin or coins. Some- 
 times applied to thick, roundish sputa. 
 
 Nut. [Lat. Nux ; Fr. Noix, nwA] 
 A hard, one-celled, and one-seeded in- 
 dehiscent fruit, as that of the oak, hazel, 
 chesnut, etc. 
 
 Nu'tant. [Nu tans; from nu'to, nu- 
 ta'tum , to “ nod,” “ bend,” or “ waver.”] 
 Nodding; drooping. Applied to the 
 stems of plants. 
 
 Nu-ta'tion. [Nuta'tio, o 'nis ; from 
 the same.] A small gyratory motion 
 of the earth’s axis, in virtue of which, 
 362 
 
 if it subsisted alone without the preces- 
 sion of the equinoxes, the pole of the 
 equator would describe among the stars, 
 in a period of about nineteen years, a 
 small ellipse. — (Brande.) The property 
 which certain flowers have of following 
 the apparent movement of the sun. 
 
 Nu-ta'tor, o'ris.* [From the same.] 
 Literally, a “nodder,” or “that which 
 nods.” Applied to the Sterno-cleido- 
 mastouleus, because nodding is performed 
 chiefly by its exercise. 
 
 Nufgall. See Gall A. 
 
 Nut meg'. The seed of the J Myristica 
 moschata ; also called Nux, Aromaticu, 
 Moschata, or Myristica. 
 
 Nu'tri-ment. [Nutrimen'tum, 
 Nutri'men, m ’inis ; from nu'trio, nutri'- 
 tum, to ** nourish.”] Nourishment. See 
 Aliment. 
 
 Nu-trl'tion. [Nutri'tio,o';us ; from 
 the same.] The assimilation or identifi- 
 cation of nutritive matter to or with our 
 organs. 
 
 Nutrition, Excessive, Nutrition, 
 ^lorbid. See Alogotrophy. 
 
 Nu'trix, i 'ci«.* [From nu'trio, to 
 “nourish.”] (Fr. Nourrice, noo'r&ss'.) 
 One who has the charge and suckling of 
 an infant, and then termed a wet-nurse. 
 Also, a nurse or attendant upon the sick 
 or infirm (Fr. Garde-malade, gaRd m& v - 
 \W). 
 
 Nux,* gen. Nu'cis, plural Nu'$es. A 
 “nut.” Applied by some botanists to a 
 fruit like that of the Lithospermum, Bo - 
 rago, etc. It is also called Acheniutn. 
 
 Nux Ar-o-mat'i-ca.* The nutmeg, 
 or seed of the Myristica moschata. 
 
 Nux Me-tel'la.* The seed of Strycli- 
 no8 nux vomica. 
 
 Nux Mos-cha'ta,* Nux ^ly-ris'tl- 
 
 ea.* The nutmeg, or fruit of the My- 
 ristica moschata. 
 
 Nux Vom'i-ca.* The Pharmaco- 
 poeia! name || of the seed of Strychnos 
 nux vomica. Nux vomica has been long 
 known to the Indian and Arabian phy- 
 sicians. It has been employed as a 
 remedy in dyspepsia; also, in intermit- 
 tents and other fevers in which power- 
 ful tonics are indicated. Its use, how- 
 ever, is dangerous, except in small doses. 
 In largo quantities, it usually proves 
 speedily fatal, death being preceded by 
 spasms, and sometimes permanent mus- 
 cular contraction. 
 
 Nyctagiuaceav* nik-taj-e-na'shc-C, 
 or Nyc-tag'I-neS.* [From Nycta'go, 
 one of the genera.] A natural order of 
 exogenous p’ants, found in tropical and 
 
NYC 
 
 OBC 
 
 temperate regions. It includes the Mir- 
 ab'ilis (the Marvel of Peru). The roots 
 of many species are purgative. 
 
 Nyc-tag-'I-nes, the plural of Nyc- 
 ta'go, forming the Jussicuan name of a 
 natural order of plants. See Nyctagi- 
 naceal 
 
 N yc-ta-Iop ' ic. [Kyctalop'iens. ] 
 
 Belonging to nyctalopy. 
 
 Myc'ta-lo-py. [Nyctalopia; from 
 vv^, wKTOi, “ night,” and c dip, ‘‘vision.”] 
 Defect of vision except in the evening 
 and at night; nocturnal sight; day- 
 blindness. 
 
 Nyc-to-pho'iii-a.* [Prom rv%, “night,” 
 and poo), the “voice.”] Loss of voice 
 during the day. 
 
 Wyc'to-ily-pBilo'sis.* [From iv£, 
 “night,” and rvpXojis, a “making blind,” 
 also “blindness.”] A term for nocturnal 
 blindness. See Nyctalopy. 
 
 Nym'plia,* plural Nym'phse. 
 [From rvppn, a “ marriageable maiden.”] 
 The membranous folds descending, one 
 on each side, from the prepuce of the 
 clitoris; also termed Labia minora , in 
 distinction from the Labia pudendi , or 
 Labia majora. Also, a nymph, pupa, 
 or chrysalis, being the second condition 
 in the metamorphosis of insects. 
 
 Nym'phae,* gen. Nym-pliarnm, 
 the plural of Nymph a, which see. 
 
 Nym-pliae'a.* [From rvppn, a “maid- 
 en,” a “ water-nymph.”] A genus of 
 beautiful floating plants, of the Linnman 
 class Polyandria , natural order Nym- 
 phseacese . 
 
 O. = Octa'rium.% “ A pint.” 
 
 Oak. The name of a tree. See 
 Quercus. 
 
 Oak Bark. See Quercus Alba. 
 
 Oak Gall. See Gall-Nut. 
 
 Oarialg’ia. See Ovarialgia. 
 
 O-ar'i-cus.* [From u>dpioj, a “small 
 egg.”] Belonging to the ovary. 
 
 O -ar'I-o-^ele.* [From didpios y a 
 “small egg,” an “ ovule,” also the 
 “ovary” (?) and kjjXtl a “tumor.”] A 
 tumor, or hernia, of the ovary. 
 
 O-ar-i-oai'cws.* [From c bdpioj, an 
 “ovule,” or “ovary,” and oyno;, a “tu- 
 mor.”] A tumor of the ovary ; a tumid 
 ovary. 
 
 O-a'ri-tim.* [From cddptoi', a “ small 
 egg.”] The same as Ovarium; an 
 ovary. 
 
 jVyinphaeaceap, nim-fe-a'she-c. A 
 natural order of exogenous floating 
 plants (water-lilies), found in nearly all 
 parts of the northern hemisphere. It 
 includes the Nymphse' a and the Victoria 
 regia, the flower of which is the largest 
 known, sometimes measuring more than 
 four feet in circumference. 
 
 Ny m-plt i'tis, i dis.® [From nym’phsc.] 
 Inflammation of the nymph sc,. 
 
 Ny m'pM-its.* Having a nymph ium : 
 nym'phious. 
 
 Nyroi-piiso-i'dcs.* [From wppaia, the 
 “ water-lily,” and £?&>,-, a “ form.”] Re- 
 sembling the Nymphsra, or water-lily. 
 Applied to a species of Jfenya)ithes, 
 etc. 
 
 NycM-pho-BMia'Bai-a.* [From vippri, 
 a “maiden,” a “woman,” and puma, 
 “ madness.”] Morbid or excessive sexual 
 desire in females. It is often associated 
 with, or becomes a form of, insanity. Also 
 termed F uror uterinus, and IJysteromania . 
 A genus of the order Dysorexisc , class 
 Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ny»*B-phmn'cfi!S. ;:: ' [From nym'plia, 
 and byxo;, a “turner.”] A tumor, or 
 swelling, of the nymphse. 
 
 Kyrai- pEtoi'o-my [NympEiolo'- 
 naaia; from nym'phsr, and r.'/o'to, to “cut”], 
 or Nyin-plia'rum Sec'tio.* The ope- 
 ration of cutting away the nymphse when 
 diseased or greatly enlarged. 
 
 Nys-tag-'tmis.* [Gr. rvaraypog ; from 
 warded, to “be sleepy.”] Habitual 
 squinting, or a partial rotatory move- 
 ment of the eyeball from side to side. 
 
 Oats. The seeds of Arena sativa. 
 
 Olb. A Latin particle signifying 
 “against,” “in the way,” implying ob- 
 struction, “opposite,” and hence some- 
 times “inversely.” Before words begin- 
 ning with c, f, or p, the b is usually 
 changed to the corresponding consonant : 
 lienee we have occlusion for obclusion, 
 offend for obfend, oppose for obpose, etc. 
 
 ©k-cla'vate. [OtoeSava'tans ; from 
 ob, “inversely,” and cla'va , a “club.”] 
 Having the appearance of an inverted 
 club. 
 
 Offr-cODi'I-eal. [Ofocaaa'ieuns; from 
 ob, “inversely,” and con'icus, ‘-conical.”] 
 Having the appearance of a reversed 
 cone ; inversely conical, as a c nical fruit 
 whose smaller end is next to the stem. 
 
 ©3)»cor'flate. [Otocorda'tMS ; from 
 
 3C3 
 
OBC 
 
 
 ob, "inversely,” and corda'tus, “heart- 
 shaped.”] Heart-shaped inverted, as a 
 cordate leaf which is broad and concave 
 at the apex and tapers towards the base. 
 
 Ob-cor-tll-for'tiBts.* [From ob , “ in- 
 versely,” and cor , cor'dis, the “heart.”] 
 Having the form of a heart reversed: 
 obcor'diform. 
 
 ©b-dor-mltioit. [Obilormi'tio, 
 
 o 'nis; from ob, “inversely,” and dor’ - 
 mio , dormi'tum , to “ sleep.”] The state 
 of being asleep ; also, what is meant by 
 sleep applied to the limbs. 
 
 O-bes'i-ty. [Obes'itas, st'tis ; from 
 obe’sus, “fat.”] Fatness, or grossness, 
 of the body generally. 
 
 ©b-fiis-ca'tion. [Obfwsca'tao, 
 o' nis; from obfus'co , obfusca'tum , to 
 “make dark.”] The act of darkening, 
 or rendering obscure; the state of being 
 obscure. Applied to the sight. 
 
 ©b-jec'tive. [Object!' vas; from 
 obji'cio, objec’tum, to “ put in the way,” 
 as an object which we see or feel.] Ap- 
 plied to things which are the objects of 
 the external senses in contradistinction 
 to subjective , that is, belonging to, or 
 arising from, our own minds, independ- 
 ently of external objects. See Subject- 
 ive. 
 
 ©b-Ian'ce-o-3ate. Inversely lance- 
 olate, as a lance-shaped leaf of which 
 the base is narrower than the apex. 
 
 Oblique, ob-llk'. [Obli'quus.] 
 Crooked ; indirect. Applied to muscles, 
 stems, leaves, etc. An oblique leaf is 
 one which is divided by the midrib into 
 unequal portions. 
 
 Oh-Ii'qji-as Ex-ter'sms,- (“ Ex- 
 ternal Oblique [Muscle].”) A muscle 
 of the abdomen, also called descendens, 
 which arises from the eight lowest ribs, 
 and is inserted into the linea alba and 
 the pubes. 
 
 ©bli'quus Saa-fe'ri-oiv* (“Inferior 
 Oblique.”) A muscle which arises from 
 the outer edge of the orbitar process of 
 the upper jaw-bone, and is inserted into 
 the sclerotica. It is also called breris- 
 8imus oculi , from being the shortest 
 muscle of the eye. This muscle and the 
 obliquu8 superior roll the eye, and have 
 hence been named circnmagentes, and, 
 from the expression they impart, amatoni 
 (“amatory”). 
 
 Obli quits ffn-fer'tms.* (“Internal 
 Oblique.”) A muscle situated within the 
 obliquus externus , also called ascenders, or 
 minor. It arises from the spine of the 
 ilium, etc., and is inserted into the carti- 
 lage of the seventh rib and of all the 
 364 
 
 false ribs. This muscle and the obliquus 
 externus turn the trunk upon its axis. 
 
 ©bli 'quits Stt-pe'ri-or.* (“ Superior 
 Oblique.”) A muscle which arises from 
 the optic foramen, passes through the 
 ring of the cartilaginous pulley which 
 is in the margin of the socket, and is 
 inserted into the sclerotica. It is also 
 called longis8imus oculi, from being the 
 longest muscle of the eye; and trochlea - 
 ris, from its passing through the troch- 
 lea, or pulley. 
 
 ©b-lit'er-at-e«I. [Oblitera'tus ; 
 
 from oblit’ero , obi iter a 'turn, to “blot out,” 
 or “ erase.”] Altered so that the natural 
 condition has disappeared. 
 
 ©b-lit-e-ra'tion. [Oblitera'tio, 
 o 'nis; from the same.] The alteration 
 in appearance or function of a part, by 
 which it no longer serves its original 
 purpose. 
 
 ©b-li'vi-o In'ers,* or ©b-li'vi-um 
 
 In'ers.* (“ Inert or Sluggish Oblivion.”) 
 A term for lethargy. 
 
 ©b-lon-g-a'tus.* Prolonged; some- 
 what long. 
 
 ©b-lon'£i-fo'Ii-us.* [From oblon'- 
 gus, “ob’ong,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
 Having oblong leaves or folioles. 
 ©bomasuin. See Abomasum. 
 ©b-o'vate. [Obova'tns; from ob, 
 “inversely,” and o'vum, an “egg.”] In- 
 versely ovate, as a leaf of which the 
 apex is broader than the base. 
 
 ©b-o-vat-i-fo'li-ns.* [From ob, “ in- 
 versely,” ova'tus , “ ovate,” and fo'lium, a 
 “ leaf.”] Having obovate leaves : obo- 
 vatifo'lious. 
 
 ©b-o'voicl. [Obovoi'des; from.oJ, 
 “inversely,” o’vum, an “egg,” and eicoi , 
 a “form.”] Resembling an egg of 
 which the small end is turned down- 
 wards. 
 
 ©b-sid'I-an. [Obsidian um.] A 
 
 volcanic substance, or species of lava, 
 resembling green bottle-glass. It was 
 discovered by Obsid'ius in Ethiopia. 
 
 <&b-so-les'?ence. [Obsolescent 'tia ; 
 from ob sole s' co, to “grow out of use.”] 
 The state of ceasing to grow, and under- 
 going no further change. 
 
 ©b'so-lete. [Obsole'tus ; from ob- 
 so'leo, obsole'tum , to “ grow out of use, 
 or out of fashion.”] Applied in Natural 
 History to that which is indistinct, or is 
 imrerfectly developed, as if it were 
 fading away. 
 
 Ob-stet'rle. [Obstet'ricns : from 
 ob'stetrix, a “midwife.”] Belonging to 
 midwifery. 
 
 Obstetrician, ob-stet risli'un. [Ob- 
 
OBS 
 
 OCC 
 
 stetri'cius; from ob'stetrk r, a “ mid- 
 wife.”] Belonging to an obstetrix. 
 
 ©b-stet-ri'cius Med'l-cus.* (“ Ob- 
 stetrical Physician.”) An accoucheur, 
 or man-midwife. 
 
 Obstet rics. [Obstet'rica, Obstet- 
 ri'ciiim; from ob'stetrix, a “midwife.”] 
 The art of assisting women in child- 
 birth, and of treating their diseases 
 during pregnancy and after delivery : 
 midwif 'ery. 
 
 Ob'ste-trix, iris* [From ob'sto, to 
 “stand in the way,” to “stand near:” 
 because she watches by the side of the 
 woman in labor.] A midwife. 
 
 Ob-sti*pa'tion. [Obstipa'tio, 
 
 ©'hi*/ from oh, “against,” and sti'po, 
 stipa'tnm, to “ stuff,” or “ cram.”] Ob- 
 stinate costiveness, there being no relief 
 by evacuation ; distinguished from con- 
 stipation. A genus of the order Epis- 
 che8€8 , class Locales , of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. 
 
 Ob'stru-ent. [Ob'struens; from 
 ob'struo , to “ stop up,” or “ shut up.”] 
 Shutting or closing up. 
 
 ©b-su-tu-ra'lis.* [From oh, “in- 
 veri&ly,” and sutu'ra , a “ suture.”] An 
 epithet given to the placentarium, when 
 applied against, or opposed to, the su- 
 ture ; to 8epta when their border is 
 empty. 
 
 ©b-tec'tus.* [From ob'tego , obtec'- 
 tam, to “cover.”] Applied to a chrysalis , 
 in which all the parts of the insect are 
 perfectly indicated on the outside, and 
 delineated by compartments of the horny 
 case, as in the Lepidoptera. 
 
 Obdim'dent. [Obtun'dcns; from 
 obtun'do, to “make blunt.”] Having 
 power to dull, or overcome, irritation. 
 
 ©b-tu-ra'tor, o'r is.® [From obtu'ro, 
 obtura'tum, to “ stop up.”] A stopper-up 
 of any cavity. Applied to two muscles 
 and a nerve of the thigh. 
 
 ©bt lira' tor Ex-ter'mis.* A mus- 
 cle which arises from the obturator fora- 
 men, etc., and is inserted into the root 
 of the trochanter major. It rotates the 
 thigh outwards. 
 
 ©btura'tor In-ter'niis.* A muscle 
 formerly called marsupialis , or bursalis. 
 Its origin and insertion are nearly the 
 same as those of the obturator externus. 
 
 ©btura'tor Nerve, A nerve which 
 comes principally from the second and 
 third lumbar nerves, and descends into 
 the pelvis. 
 
 ©b-tur-bi-na'tus.* [From ob, “in- 
 versely,” and tur'bo, tur'binis, a “top.”] 
 Having the form of a top reversed. 
 
 24 
 
 ©b-tu-sa'tus.* [From obtun'do , 
 tu'sum, to “blunt,” or “make dull.”] 
 Applied to leaves the summits of which 
 are blunt, or obtuse. 
 
 ©b-tuse'. [Obtu'sus; from the 
 same.] Blunt. A leaf is termed obtuse 
 when its apex is an obtuse angle, or is 
 rounded. 
 
 Ob-tu-sif'i-<lus.* [From obtun'do , 
 to “ make blunt, or obtuse,” and jin' do , 
 to “ cleave.”] Cleft into obtuse seg- 
 ments. 
 
 Ob-tu-si-f‘o'li-us.* [From obtu'sus , 
 “ blunt,” and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
 obtuse leaves : obtusifo'lious. 
 
 ©b-tu-sil'o-bus.* [From obtu'sus, 
 “ dull,” or “ blunt,” and lo' bus, a “ lobe.”] 
 Having leaves divided into round or 
 obtuse lobes : obtusil'obous. 
 
 Obverse. [©bver'siuii ; from ob, 
 “ against,” “ in the way,” hence, “ ob- 
 vious,” and ver'to , ver'sum, to “ turn.”] 
 Literally, the “ obvious side.” Applied in 
 Numismatics to the side of a coin which 
 contains the head, or principal figure. 
 
 ©b'vo-Bute. [Obvolu'tus; from 
 obvol'vo, obcolu'tum, to “ wrap about.”] 
 Enrolled one within another. 
 
 ©c'ci-dent. [©e'eidens; from oc'- 
 cido, to “fall down,” to “set.”] Going 
 down ; declining, or setting. 
 
 ©c'ci-dent. [©c'ei«lens; from tho 
 same.] Literally, the “ setting.” The 
 west, or place of sunset. 
 
 ©e-ei-den'tal. [Occidenta'lis; 
 from the same.] Belonging to the west; 
 western. 
 
 ©c-cip'I-tal. [©ccipita'lis.] Be- 
 longing to the occiput. 
 
 0»ceip'it©»Fr©n-ta'lis.* [From oc'- 
 ciput , an Afrons,fron'tis, the “forehead.”] 
 The name of a muscle which arises from 
 the transverse ridge of the occipital bone, 
 passes over the upper part of the cra- 
 nium, and is inserted into the orbicularis 
 palpebrarum and the skin under the eye- 
 brows. 
 
 ©c'^-put,* gen. ©e-eip'I-tis, [From 
 
 ob, “ against,” or “ opposite,” and ea'put, 
 the “head.”] The back part of the 
 head. 
 
 ©e-eluse\ [Occlu'sus; from oc- 
 
 clu'do, occlu' sum , to “ shut up ;” from oh, 
 “against,” and clan' do, to “close.”] En- 
 closed ; shut up. 
 
 ©c-clu'slon, [©eelu'sao, o'nis / 
 from the same.] A closing or shutting 
 up; imperforation. 
 
 ©c-eult'. [From occul'tus, “hidden.”] 
 Hidden, as applied to diseases the 
 causes and treatment of which are not 
 365 
 
occ 
 
 ocu 
 
 under .stood, or to qualities of bodies 
 which do not admit of any rational ex- 
 planation. 
 
 Oc-cul-ta'tion. [Occulta'tio, o 'nis; 
 from occul'to , occulta' t uni, to “ hide/’] 
 The eclipse of a star or planet by the in- 
 tervening passage of the moon or another 
 planet. 
 
 Oceanic, o-she-an'ik. [Ocean iciis; 
 from oce'anus, the “ ocean/'] Living or 
 growing in the ocean ; pertaining to the 
 ocean. 
 
 O-cel'late. [Ocella'tus; from oceV - 
 lus, a “ little eye."] Marked by spots 
 resembling the pupil of the eye. 
 
 O-cel-lif 'er-us.* [F rom oceVlus, a 
 “ little eye," and /Wo, to “ bear."] Bear- 
 ing spots resembling eyes : ocellif 'erous. 
 
 O- cel 'lus.* [Diminutive of oc'ulus , 
 an “eye."] Applied to rounded spots 
 of which the centre is of a different color 
 from the circumference, giving some re- 
 semblance to the pupil of the eye. 
 
 Oe3i-le'sis.* [Gr. ox from d\;Xsa>, 
 to “disturb by a mob, or crowd."] A 
 general condition of disease produced by 
 a vast number of sick persons under one 
 roof. 
 
 OcJmaceae,* ok-na'she-e. [From 
 Och'na, one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of exogenous plants (trees or 
 shrubs), found in tropical India, Africa, 
 and America. 
 
 ©cli-o-pet'a-lus.* [From oxoq, “ca- 
 pacious," and TrtraXov, a “ petal."] Hav- 
 ing broad and ample petals. 
 
 Ochre, o'ker. [O'chra; from d)xp6<;, 
 “pale," or “sallow."] An argillaceous 
 earth, impregnated with iron, of a red 
 or yellow color. 
 
 O'chre-a.* Literally, a “boot." A 
 union of stipules around the stem of 
 some plants. 
 
 O'chre-ate. [From o'chrca , a “ boot."] 
 Having tubular stipules, or ochrese, as 
 some leaves. 
 
 O-chrop'y-ra.* [From wypi 5$, “pale," 
 or “ sallow," and nvp, “fever."] A name 
 sometimes applied to the yellow fever. 
 
 Oc'ta-g'on. [Octago ' mun ; from 
 d*cra 5, “ eight," and yojvia, an “ angle."] 
 A plane figure having eight angles and 
 sides. 
 
 Oc-tas-'o-nal. [Octag-o'mis.] Be- 
 longing to an octagon, or having eight 
 angles or sides. 
 
 Oc-ta-he'dral. [Octatie'drus.] Be- 
 longing to an octahedron, or having 
 eight sides. 
 
 Oc-ta-hed'rl-cus.* The same as 
 Octahedral, which see. 
 
 360 
 
 ©c-ta-lie'dron. [Octahe'drum ; 
 
 from dx-T-ji, “ eight," and eopa, a “ ba^e."j 
 A solid figure having eight equal trian • 
 gula.r faces. 
 
 ©c-ta'na.* [From oc'to, “eight."] 
 An erratic intermittent fever which re- 
 turns every eighth day. 
 
 ©c-tan'drl-a.* [From d*ro5, “eight," 
 and d^r/p, a “man," or “male."] The 
 eighth Linnaean class of plants, including 
 those which have eight stamens in each 
 flower. 
 
 ©c-tan'drous. [Octan'drius; from 
 oktjj, “ eight," and dvijp, a “ man," or 
 “male."] Having eight stamens: oc- 
 tan'drious. 
 
 Oc-ta'ri-us.* [From octa'vus, the 
 “eighth."] The eighth part of a gallon, 
 or sixteen fluidounces; a pint. 
 
 Oc'to-iM. [Octof'iduss from oc'to, 
 “eight," and Jin' do, to “cleave."] Pre- 
 senting eight clefts, or incisions, which 
 reach about half-way to the midrib. 
 
 ©c-tof'o-rus.* [From oc'to, “eight," 
 and fo'ris, a “ door," or “ opening."] 
 Having eight holes, or openings, 
 ©ctogynia. See Octogynious. 
 ©c-to-g’yn i-ous. [Octogyn 'lus ; 
 
 from oktco, “ eight," and yvvfi, a “ female."] 
 Having eight pistils. 
 
 Octahedron. See Octahedron. 
 ©c-to-ner'vi-us.* [From oc'to , 
 “eight," and ner'vus, a “nerve."] Hav- 
 ing eight nerves. Applied to plants. 
 
 ©c-to-pet'a-loiis. [Octopet'alus ; 
 from oc'to, “ eight," and pet’ alum, a 
 “petal."] Having eight petals. 
 
 ©c-to-stem'o-nis.* [From d<crcu, 
 “eight," suidiTTfipcov, a “thread," or “ sta- 
 men."] Having eight free stamens. 
 
 ©c'u-lar. [Ocula'ris; from oc'ulus , 
 the “ eye."] Belonging to the eye. 
 
 Oc'ular Spec'tres. Imaginary ob- 
 jects floating before the eyes, and as- 
 suming the form of muscse volitantes , 
 etc. 
 
 ©c'u-late. [Ocula'tus: from oc'u- 
 lus, the “ eye."] Having spots like eyes. 
 Having very large eyes. 
 
 ©c'u-li,* gen. ©c-u-lo'runi, the 
 plural of Oculus, which see. 
 
 Oc'tili is also the genitive singular of 
 Oculus. 
 
 Oc'u-li-form. [Ocnlifor'niBs; from 
 oc'ulus , the “eye."] Having the form 
 of an ej r e. 
 
 Oc'u-list. [From oc'ulus, the “eye."] 
 One skilled in diseases of the eye. 
 
 ©c'u-lus,* plural ©c'u-li. [From 
 6ko; or okko;, the “eye."] The organ of 
 vision. See Eye. 
 
ODA 
 
 ODO 
 
 ©d. [From o<5dj, a ‘‘way,” or “ pass- 
 age.”] A term proposed by Reichen- 
 bach for the peculiar force or influence 
 produced on the nervous system by all 
 magnetic agents. 
 
 ©d-ax-es'inus* [Gr. oha^rjopos, a 
 “ sharp or acrid biting”], also written 
 ©daxis'inus.* A sensation of biting, 
 or pricking, as that felt in the gums pre- 
 vious to cutting the teeth. Also applied 
 to the bitten tongue, lip, or cheek, which 
 occurs as a symptom, and one of the 
 most pathognomonic character, of the 
 epileptic seizure. 
 
 ©-dax-ei'I-cus.* Belonging to odax- 
 esmus : odaxet'ic. 
 
 ©daxismos. See Odaxesmus. 
 -©'des. [Gr. -oj6t]s • from eiio;, a “ form,” 
 or “ resemblance.”] A terminal similar 
 to -old, or - oides , properly signifying re- 
 semblance; but sometimes denoting yW- 
 ness, much , etc. 
 
 ©'die. [©d'ieus.] Pertaining to Od, 
 which see. 
 
 O-don'ta-g'ra.* [From diovg, ddovro;, 
 a “ tooth,” and aypa , a “ seizure.”] Tooth- 
 ache arising from gout or rheumatism. 
 Also, a kind of forceps, or pincers, for 
 extracting teeth. 
 
 ©d-on-tal'gi-a. [From ohovg, dSovrog, a 
 “ tooth,” andoAyof, “pain.”] Odontalgy. 
 Violent pain in a tooth, usually from 
 caries, by which the nerve is exposed to 
 the cold air, etc. ; toothache. A genus 
 of the order Phlegmasire, class Pyrexise, 
 of Cullen's Nosology. 
 
 ©d-on-iargie. [©dontal'gicns.] 
 Belonging to odontalgia, or toothache. 
 
 ©dontia,* o-don'she-a, or o-don'te-a. 
 [From ofovg, a “ tooth.”] A generic term 
 employed by Dr. Good, comprising all 
 morbid affections of the teeth. It is also 
 applied in the same manner as Odon- 
 talgia, which see. 
 
 ©-don tic. [©don'ticus; from dbovg, 
 a “tooth.”] Pertaining to the teeth. 
 
 ©-don-tit'i-cus.* Belonging to odon- 
 titis. 
 
 ©-don-ti'tis, idis* [From oSovg, a 
 " tooth.”] Inflammation of a tooth. 
 
 ©-don-to-bo-tfori'tis, tdis* [From 
 odontoboth'rium .] Inflammation of an 
 alveolus, or tooth-socket. 
 
 O-doai-f o-botti ri-uin. 5 [From 
 
 tiovg, a “tooth,” and poOp'.ov, a “little 
 hole or cavity.”] The same as Alve- 
 dlus, which see. _ 
 
 ©-don-to'des.* [From dtovg, a “tooth.”] 
 Resembling teeth, or full of teeth. 
 
 ©■d©n4©ge-ny. [Odontoge'nia ; 
 from olovg, a “tooth,” and ybw, to “be 
 
 born,” to “ be produced.”] That branch 
 of Physiology which treats of the de- 
 velopment of the teeth. 
 
 ©d-on-tojg'ra-pliy. [©dontogra'- 
 pSaia; from ocovg, a “tooth,” and ypi'upoj, 
 to “ write.”] A description, or history, 
 of the teeth. 
 
 ©-don'toid. [©dontoi'dcft; from 
 diovg, a “ tooth,” and eliog, a “ form.”] 
 Resembling a tooth. 
 
 ©d-on-tol'i-tlfios,* ©d-on-tol'i- 
 
 thus.* [From diovg, a “ tooth,” and 
 \iOog, a “stone.”] (Fr. Tartrc des Dents , 
 tantii d& doN Q .) The tartar, or stone- 
 like incrustation, on the teeth. 
 
 ©d-oiB-lo-lo&'i-cal. [©dontolog'- 
 
 iews.] Belonging to odontology. 
 
 ©<l-on-t«l©-gy. [Odontolo'gia ; 
 
 from oiovg, a “tooth,” and A oyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] A dissertation on the struc- 
 ture of the teeth; the science of tLe 
 teeth. 
 
 ©d-on-to-lox'I-a.* [From dhovg, a 
 “ tooth,” and Ao(dj, “ slanting,” or “ ob- 
 lique.”] Irregularity, or obliquity, of 
 the teeth. 
 
 ©d-on-to-ne-cro'sis.* [From dSovg, 
 a “ tooth,” and vexpoo), to “ deaden.”] 
 Necrosis , or deadness, of the tooth. 
 
 O-don-to-no-sol'o^y. [©don to- 
 nosolo'gia; from odovg, a “tooth,” incog, 
 a “ disease,” and A oyog, a “ discourse.”] 
 A treatise on the diseases of the teeth ; 
 also, that branch of medicine which 
 treats of the diseases of the teeth. 
 
 ©-don-to-pri'sis.*' [From dtovg, a 
 “tooth,” and irpiag, a “sawing.”] Stri- 
 dor dentium, or grinding of the teeth. 
 
 ©d-on-to'sis.* [From dbovg, & “ tooth.”] 
 The formation, growth, or development 
 of a tooth. 
 
 ©-dnn-to-tlier-a-pi'a.* [From obovg, 
 a “ tooth,” and Oepanda, “ medical treat- 
 ment.”] The treatment, or care, of the 
 teeth. 
 
 ©-do-ra-mon'ta,* plural of Odora- 
 men'tum. [From o' dor, an “ odor.”] Odo- 
 raments ; substances employed in medi- 
 cine on account of their odor. 
 
 ©doramentum. See Odoramenta. 
 
 ©'do-rate. [©dora'tws; from o' dor, 
 “ smell,” “ fragrance.”] Scented ; having 
 a strong odor. 
 
 ©d-o-ra'ins.* [From o' dor, “smell,” 
 “fragrance.”] The sense, also the act, 
 of smelling. 
 
 ©-do-rif'er-ant. The same as Odo- 
 riferous, which see. 
 
 O-do-rif 'er-ows. [Odor if 'erans, 
 
 a n'tis, ©dorif'erus; from o' dor, “fra- 
 grance,” “ odor,” and fe'ro, to “hear,” tc 
 367 
 
(EC 
 
 OID 
 
 ‘‘produce.”] Having an agreeable odor. 
 Producing or emitting odor. 
 
 Okonomia. See Economy. 
 
 (Economist Animalis. See Animal 
 Economy. 
 
 (Economia VegetaWlls. See Vege- 
 table Economy. 
 
 (Ecoiiomieus. See Economical. 
 
 (E-cle'ma, i\tis* [From oideco, to 
 “swell.”] A swelling from effusion of 
 serous fluid into the cellular substance. 
 
 (Eil-e-mal'ic. [(Eflemat'icus.] 
 Nearly the same as (Edematous. 
 
 (E-dem-a-to'des.* [From cede'ma, 
 a “swelling,” and e76o;, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling oedema: oedem'atous. 
 
 (E-dem'a-toid. [CEdematoi'des; 
 from the same.] Resembling oedema. 
 
 (E-dem'a-tous. [(Edemato'sns; 
 from oede'ma.] Pertaining to oedema; 
 of the nature of oedema. 
 
 (Eli, ul or ui. The French term for 
 Eye, which see. 
 
 (E- nail' til ic. [(Enan'fBfticras; from 
 olvo;, “wine,” and a;0o;, a “flower.”] 
 Applied to a peculiar liquid, or ether, 
 held to be the principle that gives wine 
 its peculiar aroma, or flavor. 
 
 (E-no'des.* [From cih’o ;, “wine.”] 
 The same as Vinos us. 
 
 CE-iio-ina'iii-a.* [From oIjo;, 
 
 “wine,” and paAa, “madness.”] Ex- 
 cessive inclination for wine or intoxi- 
 cating liquors. Also, wine-madness, or 
 mania a potu resulting from the excess- 
 ive use of wine. 
 
 [From oesoph'- 
 arjus, and a \yo;, “pain.”] Pain of the 
 oesophagus : oesophagalgy. 
 
 (E-sopli-a-&e'a3, or es-o-fa/je-al. 
 [<CEso2>3ias’ae'ws.J Belonging to the 
 oesophagus. 
 
 CE>it>2»liag , e'al Cords. Two elon- 
 gated cords, formed of the pneumogas- 
 tric nerves, which descend along the 
 oesophagus. 
 
 CE-soph a-g , is'mns. $ [From cesopli'- 
 agus.] Used by some writers in the 
 same manner as oesophagitis ; by others, 
 as dysphagia; by Vogel, for oesophago- 
 8pa8inu8. Difficulty in swallowing, from 
 spasmodic stricture of the oesophagus. 
 
 <2E-sop!ihi-&i'tis,i^*.* [From <rsnph f - 
 agusj\ Inflammation of the oesophagus. 
 
 (E-sopfi-a-g-o-dyn'i-a.^ [From 
 ce8gph r agus, and odv’ri, “pain.”] Pain 
 (spasmodic) of the oesophagus. 
 
 (E-soph’^-gor-rha'^l-a.^ [From 
 oesoph' agus, and injymifn, to “ burst forth.”] 
 Haemorrhage from the oesophagus. 
 
 <E-«opti ’ a-gjo-spas irnis.^ [From 
 3CS 
 
 cesopV agios, and 8pas , mu8 f a “ contrac- 
 tion.”] Cramp, or spasm, of the oesoph- 
 agus. See (Esophagismus. 
 
 (E-sojdi-a-g-os-te-no'ma, afis.* 
 [From oesoph’agus, and ortVtojut, a “nar- 
 row place.”] Constriction of the oesoph- 
 agus. 
 
 CE-sopEa-sv-go-st e-no'sis.* The 
 
 formation or progress of cesophaqoste- 
 noma. 
 
 (E-sopHi-a-got'o-my- [CEsopSia- 
 
 gofo'mia; from cesopjh’agus, and ri^ycj, 
 to “cut.”] The operation of cutting 
 into the oesophagus. 
 
 CE-sopti'a-g-us.^ [From oha> (the 
 future of otcj, another form for 0lp<y), to 
 “bear,” to “carry,” and Qdynna, “food” 
 (from to “eat”).] Literally, “that 
 which carries or conveys the food.” The 
 membranous and muscular tube con- 
 tinued from the pharynx to the cardiac 
 orifice of the stomach. 
 
 CEs'tru-a!. [(Estrualis.] Be- 
 longing to the oestrum, or orgasm. Ap- 
 plied to the period during which concep- 
 tion takes place in the Mammalia, anal- 
 ogous to the menstrual period of the 
 human female. 
 
 (Es-tru-a/tion. [(Estnui'tio, o 'nis; 
 from ces'trumj] The state of being under 
 influence of the oestrum , or orgasm ; 
 rutting. 
 
 (Es'trum,* or (Es'trus. 5 [From 
 olarpos, the “gad-fly;” hence applied to 
 the sting of passion.] Intense desire, 
 or passionate impulse; usually applied 
 to the orgasm, or pleasurable sensation, 
 experienced during the indulgence of 
 the appetites or passions, particularly 
 of the sexual passion, termed more dis- 
 tinctively c es'trum vene'reum , or oes'trum 
 Ven'eris. 
 
 (E:zf, uf. The French word for “egg.” 
 
 See Ovum. 
 
 gen. Of-fi-^i'na'. A 
 
 shop where goods are sold. In medical 
 language, an apothecary shop. 
 
 gen. Of-fl-^a-na'runi, 
 
 the plural of Officina, a “shop.” It 
 occurs in n ames like the following : Cam- 
 phora officina rum (literally, the “camphor 
 of the shops,” or officinal camphor), Sac- 
 charum ojffcinarum (the “sugar of the 
 shops”), etc. 
 
 Of-fi^'I-nal. [Ollk’iiia'lis ; from 
 offici'na , a “shop where goods arc sold.”] 
 Applied to such medicines as are directed 
 by the colleges to be prepared or kept 
 in the shops. 
 
 -Oid, or -I'deft. [From ci^oq, a 
 “ form," or “ resemblance."] A terminal 
 
OIL 
 
 OLE 
 
 denoting resemblance to an object indi- 
 cated by the word to which it is joined ; 
 as, Al' haloid, or Alkaloi'des, “resem- 
 bling an alkali Cri'coid, or Cricoi'des 
 [from kp'ikos, a “ring,” or “circle”], “re- 
 sembling a ring or circle,” “ in the form 
 of a ring,” etc. 
 
 Oil. [Lat. Oleum; Fr. Huile, w£h] 
 A term applied to various unctuous sub- 
 stances, obtained mostly from animals 
 and vegetables. They are divided into 
 two classes, fixed oils and volatile oils, 
 the former of which give n permanently 
 greasy stain to paper. 
 
 Oil of Tur'pcn-tine. [O'lenm 
 Terehin'thiiue.] The oil obtained 
 by distillation from the liquid resin of 
 the Pi'nns sylves'tris. 
 
 Oil of Vlt'rl-ol. A name for sul- 
 phuric acid. 
 
 Oil, Hock. A name for Petroleum, 
 which see. 
 
 Oils, Fixed. [Lat. O'flea Fix'a; 
 
 Fr. Huile 8 Fixes , wel f&ks.] A general 
 term for oils which are not volatile ; but 
 commonly applied to vegetable oils of 
 this description. 
 
 Oils, Vol'a-tfle. [Lat. O'lea Vola- 
 til'ia, or O'lea Des&illa'ta ; Fr. 
 
 Huiles Volatiles, wel voMa't^l'.] Oils 
 found in aromatic vegetables, from 
 which they are usually obtained by dis- 
 tillation. Hence they are termed “ dis- 
 tilled oils” (olea destillata), and some- 
 times “ essential oils,” because they 
 constitute the essence of the plant. See 
 Olea. 
 
 Ointment. See Unguentum. 
 
 O-I-o-ca-lym'ma, a 'tis,® or G-2-o- 
 ' t r u in . * [From ci'-ov, an “ egg,” 
 and KaXvppa, or KaXv-Krpa, a “ covering.”] 
 The cortical membrane, or outer cover- 
 ing of an egg. 
 
 03. = O'lenm * “ Oil.” 
 
 ©lacaeese,* ol-a-ka'she-e. [From 
 O'lax, one of the genera.] A small 
 natural order of tropical, or nearly tro- 
 pical, trees and shrubs, found in the 
 East Indies, Australia, and Africa. 
 
 G'le-a.* [Gr. e\aia, or e\aa.] An 
 olive, or the olive-tree. A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Monandria, natural 
 order Oleacese. 
 
 O'Se-a,* €>-le-o'rum,* the plural of 
 Oleum, which see. 
 
 O'lea En-ro-pae'a.* (“European 
 Olive.”) The systematic name of the 
 }live-plant; also called Olea sativet. 
 
 O'lea Fix'a.* The Latin term for 
 * Fixed Oils.” See Oils, Fixed. 
 
 O'lea Vol-a-til'i-a.* The Latin 
 
 32 ' ’ 
 
 term for “Volatile, or Distilled, Oils” 
 See Oils, Volatile. 
 
 Oleacese,* o-le-a'she-e. A natural 
 order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
 found chiefly in temperate climates. It 
 includes the Ash ( Frax'inns ), Lilac 
 ( Syrin'ga ), and Olive {O'lea), from the 
 fruit of which olive oil is procured. 
 
 O-le-a'ceous. [Olea'cens.] Ptc- 
 sembling the Olea, or olive-tree. 
 
 O-le-ag'i-nous. [01eagino'siz& ; 
 from o’lenm, “oil.”] Oily; unctuous. 
 
 O'le-ate. [O'leas, a'#?«.] A com- 
 bination of oleic acid with a base. 
 
 O-le-cran-ar-tliri'tis, i dis* [From 
 olecra'non, an “elbow-joint,” and ar- 
 thri'tis, “ inflammation of a joint.”] In- 
 flammation of the elbow-joint. 
 
 O-le-cran-ar-tliroc'a-ce.* [From 
 olecra'non , an “*elbow-joint,” and ar- 
 throc'ace, “ ulceration of the cavity of a 
 bone.”] Ulceration of the elbow-joint. 
 
 O-lec-ra'non,* or o-lek'ra-non. 
 [From the “ulna,” and span or, the 
 
 “head.”] The humeral extremity of the 
 ulna, on which we lean when resting on 
 the elbow ; also, the elbow itself. 
 
 O-lef'i-ant or O'le-fi-ant Gas. 
 [From o'lenm, “oil,” and fi'o, to “be- 
 come.”] The hydruret of carbon, or 
 heavy carburetted hydrogen gas ; so 
 named because, when mixed with chlo- 
 rine, it forms a peculiar, oily-looking 
 compound. 
 
 O-le'ic. [Ole'icns ; from olci'na .] 
 Applied to an acid obtained from olein. 
 
 O-le-if 'er-©ns. [Oleiff'erns : from 
 o'lenm , “oil,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing or producing oil. 
 
 O-le-i-ge'ni-um.* [From o'lenm, 
 “oil,” and ytvvaw, to “produce.”] Ap- 
 plied to olefiant gas. 
 
 O'ledu, or O'le-Ene. [Olci'na; 
 from o'lenm, “oil.”] A simple oil enter- 
 ing into the constitution of the various 
 fats and oils. 
 
 O-le-in'e-ous. [Olei'neus.] Sy- 
 nonymous with Oleaceous. 
 
 O le-o-res'in, or O'le-o-Res'in. 
 [Oleoresi'na.] A term for the native 
 combinations of resins with essential 
 oils, forming various balsamic and tere- 
 binthinate substances. — (Mayne.) The 
 term is applied in the LT.S. Pharma- 
 copoeia (1860) to those fluid extracts 
 (consisting mainly of volatile oil and 
 resin) which are prepared by using ether 
 as the menstruum. 
 
 Oleoresina, plural Oleoresinae. 
 
 See Oleoresin. 
 
 O-le-o-sac'elia-rum.* [From o'le- 
 369 
 
OLE 
 
 OLE 
 
 Urn, "oil,” and sac'charum , "sugar.”] 
 A medicine composed of essential oil 
 and sugar, mixed with each other to 
 render the oil more easily diffusible in 
 watery liquors. 
 
 ©1-e-rii'ceous. [Olera/ceus ; from 
 o'lus, oVeria , a " pot-herb.”] Of the na- 
 ture of pot-herbs ; esculent. 
 
 O'le-uni,* plural O'le-a,. [From 
 O' lea, the "olive.”] (Gr. 'iXaioj • Fr. 
 Haile, w&l.) A fat, unctuous, combusti- 
 ble matter, solid or fluid, not soluble in 
 water, and volatile in various degrees: 
 oil. 
 
 Oleum A-myg'da-lse.* ("Oil of 
 Almond.”) See Oleum Amygdalae 
 Dulcis. 
 
 Oleum Amygdalae A-ma'rse.* 
 
 ("Oil of Bitter Almond.”) The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the oil 
 obtained by distilling with water the 
 kernels of the fruit of the Amygdalus 
 communis, variety amara. 
 
 O'leum Amyg dalae Dul'cis,* or 
 O'leum A myg'dal;e. :: ("Oil of 
 
 Sweet Aim >n l,” or "Oil of Almond.”) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) 
 for the fixed oil obtained from the ker- 
 nels of thj fruit of the Amygdalus com- 
 munis, variety dulcis. 
 
 Oleum Ber-ga'mi-i.* (" Oil of 
 Bergamot.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the volatile oil of the rind 
 of the fruit of Citrus limetta. 
 
 O'leum Bn'bu-lum.* Neat’s-foot 
 oil. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the oil prepared from the bones 
 of the Bos domesticns. 
 
 Oleum Cajuputi. See Cajuputi, 
 Oleum. 
 
 O'leum Cam'plio-rae.* ("Oil of 
 Camphor.”) The name given to the 
 volatile oil obtained from Cam'phora ojft 
 cina'rum. It has been placed on the 
 primary list of the Materia Medica of 
 the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1SG0. 
 
 O'leum Uam-plio-ra'tum. :i: The 
 Linimen' tu n cam’ phone. 
 
 O'leum Cin-na-mu'mi.^ ("Oil of 
 Cinnamon,” or "Oil of Ceylon Cinna- 
 mon.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 || for the volatile oil obtained from the 
 bark of the Cinnamo' mum Zeylan' ream. 
 
 Oleum Crotonis. See Oleum Tiglii. 
 
 O'leum Jec'oris A-sel'li.* A name 
 for cod-liver oil. See Oleum Morrhua?. 
 
 O'leum Li-mo'niM.* ("Oil of 
 Lemon.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 || for the volatilo oil which is obtained 
 from the rind of the fruit of the Citrus 
 Limonum. 
 
 370 
 
 O'leum Iu'ni.* ("Oil of Flax.”) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name || for the fixed 
 oil obtained from the seeds of Linum 
 usitatissimum ; linseed oil. 
 
 O'leum Mor'rhu-se.* ("Oil of the 
 [Gadus] Morrhua ;” Fr. Huile de Ho- 
 rne, wel deh mo'rii'.) Cod-liver oil. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name || for the 
 fixed oil which is obtained from the liver 
 of the Gadus Morrhua. Cod-liver oil is 
 esteemed one of the most valuable reme- 
 dies in the Materia Medica. It has been 
 found especially useful in chronic rheu- 
 matism and gout, and in the various 
 diseases connected with a scrofulous 
 diathesis, including scrofulous affections 
 of the joints, Tabes mesenterica , rickets, 
 phthisis, etc. 
 
 O'leum My-ris'ti-cae.* ("Oil of 
 Nutmeg.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the volatile oil of the 
 kernels of the fruit of J fyristica mos- 
 chata; (Ed. Ph.) Myristicse oleum; oil 
 of nutmegs. 
 
 O'leum O-li'vse.* (" Oil of Olive,” 
 or " Olive Oil.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name || for the fixed oil obtained from 
 the fruit of O' lea Europse'a. 
 
 O'leum Ri$'i-ni.* ("Oil of Rici- 
 nus,” or Castor Oil; Fr. Huile de Ricin , 
 w&l deh r<PsaN<>'.) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the oil of the seeds 
 of the Ricinus communis; (Lond. Ph.) 
 Ricini oleum. See Castor Oil. 
 
 O'leum Ro'sae.* ("Oil of Rose.”) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) 
 for the volatile oil of the petals of Rosa 
 centifolia; (Ed. Ph.) Rosse oleum. 
 
 O'leum Ses'a-mi.* ("Oil of Se- 
 same.”) Benue Oil. The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the oil of the 
 seeds of Ses'amum In'dicum, and of Ses'a- 
 mum orienta* le. 
 
 O'leum Suc'ci-ui.* ("Oil of Am- 
 ber.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the volatile oil obtained by the 
 destructive distillation of amber. 
 
 O'leum T£r-e-biii'thi-nav :;: ("Oil 
 of Turpentine.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name || for the volatile oil distilled from 
 the turpentine of Pinus palustris , and 
 other species of Pinus; the Tereb in thinx 
 oleum of the London and Edinburgh 
 Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 O'leum TSr'rav* (" Oil of Earth.”) 
 A name for Petroleum, which see. 
 
 O leum Tlie-o-bro'mav* {“ Oil of 
 
 Theobroma.” or Butter of Cacao.) The 
 name applied to the concrete oil of the 
 kernels of the fruit of tl c Theobroma 
 cacao. It has been placed on the pri- 
 
OLE 
 
 OME 
 
 mary list of the Materia Mcdica of the 
 U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
 
 Oleum Thy 'mi.* (“ Oil of Thyme.”) 
 The name given to the volatile oil ob- 
 tained from the Thy’mus vulga'ris. It 
 has been placed on the primary list of 
 the Materia Medica of the U.S. Pharma- 
 copoeia for 1860. 
 
 Oleum Tig'Ii-i.* (“Oil of Tig- 
 lium.”) Croton Oil. The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the oil of the seeds 
 of Croton tiglium. The O'leum Croto'nia 
 of the British Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Ol-fac'tion. [Olfac'tio, o 'nis; 
 from olfa’cio, olfac’tum, to “ smell.”] 
 The exercise of the sense of smell. 
 
 ©I-fac'to-ry. [Olfaeto r jus ; from 
 the same.] Belonging to the organ or 
 sense of smell. 
 
 ©Ifac'tory Serves. The first pair 
 of nerves distributed on the pituitary or 
 Schneiderian membrane of the nose. 
 
 ©1-fac'tus.* [From olfci'cio, olfac'- 
 tum , to “smell.”] The sense of smell, or 
 act of smelling. 
 
 0- lib'A-num.* [From oXSaro;, the 
 “ frankincense-tree.”] Frankincense, 
 believed to come from the Boswellia ser- 
 rata. 
 
 ©1-i-ga-caii'tlius.* [From dXi'yoj, 
 “few,” and axayOa, a ‘‘ thorn.”] Having 
 few thorns or spines. 
 
 ©I-i-gse'mi-a.* [From oXtyo-, “lit- 
 tle,” and alfia, the “blood.”] Poverty 
 of the blood. 
 
 ©1-a-gau '(Irons. [From oYiyog, “ few,” 
 and uvrip, a “man,” or “male.”] Having 
 few stamens. 
 
 01- i-gan'ttius.* [From dXtyo;, “few,” 
 and bOo;, a “flower.”] Having but a 
 small number of flowers. 
 
 flM-go-car'jms.* [From oXyo;, 
 /Hew,” and Kapnsg, “fruit.”] Having few 
 seeds or fruits. 
 
 ©1-i-go-etoo'li-a.* [From oXfyoj, 
 “few,” or “little,” and xoM, “bile.”] 
 Want or deficiency of bile. 
 
 ©1-i-go-elayTi-a.* [From oXtyo;, 
 “few,” or “little,” and ^uXoj, “chyle.”] 
 Want or deficiency of chyle. 
 
 ©1-i-go-etiy'mi-a.* [From o\'iyo 
 “few,” or “little,” and x^g, “juice.”] 
 Want or deficiency of chyme. 
 
 ©1-i-go-ga-lac'ti-a.* [From oXiyoj, 
 “few,” or “little,” and yn\a, “milk.”] 
 Want or deficiency of milk. See Aga- 
 lactia. 
 
 ©1-i-go-pliyl'lous. [Oligopliyl'- 
 lns; from oXtyo;, “few,” or “small,” and 
 (fjvWiv, a “leaf.”] Having few leaves, or 
 those distant from each other. 
 
 ©1-i-go-sper-mat'i-cus.* Belong- 
 ing to oligospermia. 
 
 Ol-i-go-sper'mi-a.* [From dXyog. 
 “little,” and oirtppa, “ seed.”] Want oi 
 deficiency of semer t 
 
 ©1-i-go-sper luous. [Oligosper'- 
 mus; from the same.] Having few 
 seeds; also, deficient in semen. 
 
 O-li'va.* [From O’ lea, the “olive.”] 
 The olive-tree ; also, the olive. See 
 Olea. 
 
 Olivseformis. See Oliviformis. 
 
 Olivaris. See Olivary. 
 
 Oli-va-ry. [Olivaris; from the 
 same.] Olive-sliaped; like an olive. 
 
 Olive. See Olea, and Oliva. 
 
 Ol'ive Oil. A fixed oil expressed 
 from the ripe fruit of the Olea Europsea. 
 
 Ol'ive, Spurge. Ihe Daphne meze- 
 reon or mezereum. 
 
 Ol ive-Tree. The Olea Europsea . 
 
 0- liv-i-forinis.* [From oli’va , an 
 “olive.”] Having the form of an olive: 
 oliveform. 
 
 Ol. lini s. i. = O’leum li'ni si’ne 
 ig’ne* (Literally, “linseed oil without 
 fire.”) “ Cold-drawn linseed oil.” 
 
 01- o-plilyc'tis.* [From oXoj, “ whole,” 
 and (pXv^u >, to “boil.”] A small hot 
 eruption covering the whole body. 
 
 ©-lop 'ter- us.* [From dX<k, “entire,” 
 and nrepor, a “wing.”] Having entire 
 wings. 
 
 Om'a-gra.* [From the “ shoul- 
 der,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] Gout in 
 the shoulder; pain of the shoulder. 
 
 Om-ar-thri'tis,id?«.* [Fromco/tos, the 
 “shoulder,” and arihri'tis , “inflamma- 
 tion of a joint.”] Inflammation of a 
 shoulder-joint. 
 
 O-ma'sum.* The third and small- 
 est stomach of the Rnminanlia. 
 
 O-men-ta'lis.* Belonging to the 
 omentum: omenial. 
 
 O-meai-ti'tis, i clis.% [From omen’ turn, 
 the “caul.”] Inflammation of the omen- 
 tum ; epiploitis. 
 
 O-meai'to-^ele.* [From omen’ turn, 
 the “caul,” and *t?Xj}, a “tumor.”] The 
 same as Epiplocele. 
 
 O-men'tu-lum.* [Diminutive of 
 omen' turn, a “caul.”] The Omentum 
 Minus, which see. 
 
 O-men'tum.* [Perhaps from o’men , 
 a “ sign,” or “ omen ;” because the an- 
 cient soothsayers consulted it in order 
 to form their prognostications.] A du- 
 plicature of the peritonaeum, with more 
 or less fat interposed; called also epip’- 
 loon. 
 
 Omentum Ma'jus.* (“Greater 
 
 371 
 
OME 
 
 ONE 
 
 Omentum.”) This arises from the whole 
 of the great curvature of the stomach, 
 or as far as the spleen, descending Over 
 the intestines to the navel, and some- 
 times into the pelvis. 
 
 Omen'tnm Mi 'mis.* (“Smaller 
 Omentum.’") Arising posteriorly from the 
 transverse fissure of the liver, it passes 
 over the duodenum, small lobe of the 
 liver (lobnhis Spirjelii), and pancreas, into 
 the colon and small curvature of the 
 stomach: also called Omentum hepatieo- 
 (j(t.stricum ( i.c . the “omentum connected 
 with the liver and stomach”). It is also 
 termed Omentnlum. 
 
 4>-mi'tis, id is.* [From Z>pog, the “shoul- 
 der.”] Inflammation of or in the shoul- 
 der. 
 
 Omni. alt. lios*. == Om’nibus alter'nis 
 ho'ris .* “Every other hour.” 
 
 Omn. bid. = Om'ni bid'uo .* “Every 
 two days.” 
 
 4>anai. bill. = Om'ni biho'rio .* “Every 
 two hours.” 
 
 Onrm. Iior. = Om'ni ho'rd .* “Every 
 hour.” 
 
 Omn. man. = Om'ni ma'ne* “Ev- 
 ery morning.” 
 
 Oman. noct. =; Om'ni lioc'te* “Ev- 
 ery night.” 
 
 Oman, ipiadi*. Inor. = Om'ni quad- 
 rnn'te ho' use* “Every quarter of an 
 hour.” 
 
 Om-niv'o-rmis. [Oumiv'ofias ; 
 
 from om'nis, “all,” and vo'ro, to “de- 
 vour.”] Applied to animals which take 
 all kinds of food. 
 
 Oan'o-Hy-o-i'de-iis.* [From c y mpog, the 
 “shoulder,” and os hijoi'des , the “hyoid 
 bone.”] The name of a muscle which 
 arises from the shoulder and is inserted 
 into the os hijoides. It depresses that 
 bone and the lower jaw. 
 
 Om-o-plaa'&B-a.* [From djpog, 
 
 “crude,” and <piiy cj, to “eat.”] The eat- 
 ing of raw food. 
 
 O-mopli'a-gus.* [From the same.] 
 Living on raw food: omoph'agous. 
 
 Omuplate, o'mo'p'At'. [/.e. “shoul- 
 der-plate;” from co/io;, the “shoulder,” 
 and v\' i-v;, “flat,” or “broad.”] The 
 French term for Scapula, which sec. 
 
 Om-o-to'ci-a.* [From ojp6;, “ crude,” 
 “untimely,” and toko;, a “birth.”] A 
 miscarriage or untimely birth. 
 
 O-mot'o-cus.* [From the same.] 
 Bringing forlh untimely offspring; mis- 
 carrying. 
 
 Om'ph^il-el-co'sis.* [From tipbaXng, 
 the “navel,” and eXv'oyig, “ulceration.”] 
 Ulceration of the umbilicus. 
 
 372 
 
 Om-pltal'ic. [Ompbal'icus; from 
 op'baXog, the “ navel.”] Belonging to the 
 umbilicus, or navel. 
 
 Oan-plia-li'tis, idis* [From opbaXog, 
 the “navel.”] Inflammation of the um- 
 bilicus, or its vessels. 
 
 Oaii'pBaa-fio-^ele.* [From opbaXog, 
 the “navel,” and /o?X??, a “tumor.”] Pro- 
 trusion of a portion of bowel, or omen- 
 tum, or both, at the umbilicus; hernia 
 ■um b ilica l is; exomphalos. 
 
 ©m'plia-Boid. [©mpEnaEoa'ctcss 
 from oppaXog, the “ navel,” and eidog. a 
 “form.”] Resembling the navel. 
 
 Om-jDlaa-Bon'CKS.* [From op(paX6g, 
 the “navel,” and dy/co;, a “tumor.”] A 
 hard tumor or swelling of the navel. 
 
 Om-pSua-lor-rBua'g'B-a.* [From 6p- 
 0aX<k, the “navel,” and puyvvpi , to “burst 
 forth.”] Haemorrhage from the umbilicus. 
 
 <f^m-pba-l«]r-rbex'is.* [From oppaXcg, 
 the “navel,” and p rj%tg, a “breaking.”] 
 Rupture of the umbilical cord. 
 
 Om-pBia-Bor-B*2coe'a.* [From op'pa- 
 Xog, the “navel,” and pi cj, to “flow.”] 
 Applied to an effusion of lymph from the 
 umbilicus. 
 
 Oam-pba-lot'«»-EiEy. [OB'dpliiaio- 
 to'mia; from cppaX'g, the “navel,” and 
 rip 'w, to “ cut.”] Division of the um- 
 bilical cord from the umbilicus. 
 
 (Dnagraceay- on-a-gra'shc-e, or Oia'- 
 agra*. :: [From On'agra , one of the 
 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 plants, natives of Europe and the temper- 
 ate parts of America. It includes the 
 Fuchsia and Epilobium. 
 
 Oaa'ag’rav* The Jussieuan name of 
 a natural order of plants. See Ona- 
 
 GRACEA3. 
 
 O' an an -ism. [Oiaaiiis'imis; from 
 
 O' nan; see Genesis xxxviii.] The samo 
 as Masturbation (as applied to males). 
 See Masturbation. 
 
 Oaa-oo-Eo'&i-a.* [From fiyrog, a “tu- 
 mor,” and Xd) o;, a “discourse.”] A trea- 
 tise on tumors; that branch of medicine 
 which treats of boils or tumors. 
 
 Oai-eo'sis.* [From dy*o;, a “ tumor.”] 
 The progress or formation of a boil or 
 tumor. 
 
 On-eot'o-my. [ Oiicoto'mia ; from 
 d'v*o;, a “tumor,” and rep 'to, to “cut.”] 
 The cutting or opening of a boil, tumor, 
 or abscess. 
 
 O-iiei-ro-il jrn '!-».* [From ovetfav, a 
 “dream,” and o'vvri, “pain,” or “dis- 
 tress.”] Disturbance or restlessness of 
 the imagination during sleep; night- 
 mare. A genus of the order Vesanise, 
 class Neuroses , of Cullen's Nosology. 
 
ONE 
 
 OPA 
 
 ©neirodyn'ia Ac-ti'va. :i: Sleep- 
 walking, or somnambulism. 
 
 Oneirodyn'ia Ora' vans.* Night- 
 mare. See Ephialtes, and Incubus. 
 
 Oneirogonorrhoea,* o-nl-ro-gon- 
 or-re'a. [From ovupov, a “ dream,” yoiro, 
 “ semen,” and pcco, to “ flow.”] The same 
 as Oneirogontjs, which see. 
 
 O-nei-rog'o-nus.* [From ovetpov, a 
 “ dream,” and yo^, “semen.”] The 
 emission of semen during sleep. See 
 Spermatorrhoea Dormientium. 
 
 O-nei-roi'o-gy. [Oneirolo'gia ; 
 from oseipov, a “ dream,” and Xoyoj, a “dis- 
 course.”] The doctrine or theory of 
 dreams; the science of dreams. 
 
 Onglade, iNo'gl&d'. The French term 
 for Paronychia, which see. 
 
 Ongle, 6xgl. The French, term for 
 Nail, which see. 
 
 On'Ion. The Allium cepa. 
 
 Onion, Sea. See SciLla Maritima. 
 
 O-nis'CMS A-sel'lns.* The wood- 
 louse. An insect found in rotten wood. 
 It was once regarded as a stimulant and 
 diuretic, and employed in jaundice. 
 
 On'o-ma,* plural O-nom'a-ta. [Gr. 
 ovopa.] A name. 
 
 O-nom-a-tol'o-gy. [Onomatolo'- 
 gia; from bopa, a “name,” and \6yog, a 
 “discourse.”] The science of names; 
 nomenclature. 
 
 On-om-a-to-poe'ia,* or On-om-a- 
 t©-p©i-e's£s.* [From bopa , a “name,” 
 and noieoi, to “make.”] The formation 
 of names, or rather their creation in imi- 
 tation of sounds or indication of ap- 
 pearances. 
 
 ©n-to-g-rapla'ic. [Ontograph'- 
 icus.] Belonging to ontography. 
 
 On-tog'ra-plny. [Ontogra'pliia ; 
 
 from wv, oVroj, a “being, and ypacbco, to 
 “ write.”] A description of beings, their 
 nature and essence. 
 
 ©M-to-log'X-eal. [©Eitolog'icus.] 
 Belonging to Ontology. 
 
 On-tol'o-gy. [Ontolo'gia; from 
 \”v, a “being,” and \6yog , a “discourse.”] 
 The doctrine of beings, or of principles 
 in the abstract. The science of exist- 
 ence, its ultimate laws, etc.; a branch of 
 3ietapliysics. 
 
 ©-iiyetE'I-a.* [From bv £, the “nail” 
 of the fingers or toes.] An abscess near 
 the nail of the fingers; whitlow. See 
 Paronychia. 
 
 O-nyeh'i-ciis.® Belonging to the 
 nails. 
 
 ©ii-y-clii 'tis, i clis* [From oV?>£, the 
 “nail.”] Inflammation of the nail of a 
 finger or toe. 
 
 32 * 
 
 On-y-elio-cli'ne.* [From oVv£, tho 
 “nail,” and kXivu, a “bed.”] The “bed 
 of the nail.” An extremely sensitive 
 portion of the finger or toe, lying imme- 
 diately below the nail. 
 
 ©Bi-jf-eho'des.* [From dvv£, the 
 “nail.”] Having large nails. 
 
 ©n-y-cho-i'cfies.* [From oVuf, tho 
 “ nail,” and eliog, a “ form.”] Like, or 
 resembling, a nail; on'ychoid. 
 
 ©itt-y --elt <m ' o« sos,*' o r-© n -y-< 1 1 © n '- 
 o-sias.* [From ov r£, the “nail,” and 
 i '6oos, “ disease.”] Disease of the finger 
 or toe nails. 
 
 ©n-y-cho-stro'ma.* [From oV?’£, 
 the “nail,” and arpeopa, a “mattress,” or 
 “ bed.”] The same as Onycholine, which 
 see. 
 
 O nyx, ychis* [From 8w%, a “nail.”] 
 A small collection of matter in the an- 
 terior chamber of the eye, or between 
 the layers of the cornea. Also, a pre- 
 cious stone of the agate family, much 
 prized for cameos. Named, perhaps, 
 from the interchange of white and semi- 
 transparent lines (or layers) resembling 
 those sometimes occurring on the nail. 
 
 O-aiyx'is.* [From dvv£, the “nail.”] 
 A sinking or immersion of the nails into 
 the flesh. 
 
 ©©idles. See Ovoid. 
 
 ©'©-in. [©oi'na; from cow, an “egg.”] 
 A substance resembling or constituting 
 albumen, or white of egg. 
 
 ©'©-Site. [©oli'tes; from cbov, an 
 “egg,” and XiCog, a “stone.”] A name 
 applied to those masses of rock which 
 result from an accumulation of small 
 round particles like the roe or eggs of a 
 fish joined together, either immediately 
 or by a visible cement. 
 
 ©-©-lit'Ie. [©olit'icus.] Belong- 
 ing to an oolite. 
 
 ©. ©. ©. = O'leum Oli'vse Op'timum .* 
 
 “Best olive oil.” 
 
 ©-©-p&o-rl'tis, i dis* [From oopli'o- 
 rum.\ The same as Ovaritis, which see. 
 
 ©-©pSB'o-ron,* or ©-opli'o-rum.* 
 [From <o6v, an “ egg,” and cpipco, to “ bear.”] 
 The same as Ovary, which see. 
 
 ©-pa^'I-ty. [©pa'citas, a 'tis/ from 
 opa'cus, “ dark,” “ shady.”] Incapability 
 of transmitting light; the reverse of 
 transparency. Opacity is used to express 
 any defect in the transparency of the cor- 
 nea, from a slight film to an intense 
 whiteness. 
 
 ©'pal. [©p'alus.] The name of a 
 
 precious stone. 
 
 ©'pal, Previous. A beautiful and 
 rare mineral, characterized by its irides- 
 373 
 
OPA 
 
 OPH 
 
 cent reflection of light. It consists of 
 silica, with about ten per cent, of water. 
 Common Opal resembles the preceding 
 in some respects, but has no play of 
 colors. 
 
 O-pa-les'^ence. [Prom o' palm, 
 the “ precious opal.”] A kind of re- 
 flected milky light which some minerals 
 exhibit. 
 
 © 'pa- line. [Opali'nns ; from the 
 same.] Having the milky and bluish 
 tint, with the reflection of light, of the 
 opal. 
 
 O'pal-ized. [Opaliza'ttis ; from 
 the same.] Converted into, or assum- 
 ing the appearance of, the opal. 
 
 ©p-e-ra'tion. [Opera'tfo, o 'nis; 
 from op’eror , opera* tits, to “ operate,” to 
 “work.”] The performance of any of 
 the greater acts of surgery, as amputa- 
 tion or excision of a limb or part, tying 
 of arteries, etc. 
 
 O-per'cu-lar. [Operenla'ris ; from 
 op er* cal am, a “ lid.”] That which closes 
 a eavity in the manner of a lid. A 
 term used by Owen for the diverging 
 appendages of the tympano-mandibular 
 arch. 
 
 O-per'cu-late. [©percMla'lns ; 
 
 from oper'culum , a “lid.”] Having a 
 lid, or cover. 
 
 ©-per 'cu-H- form. [©perculifor'- 
 mis: from oper'culum , a “lid.”] Hav- 
 ing the form of an opercule, or lid. 
 
 O-per'cu-lum.* [From ope’ rio, oper'- 
 tum, to “cover.”] A lid, or cover. The 
 cover of the peristome of mosses. Also, 
 a bony formation which, with the sab- 
 operculum and inter operculum, closes the 
 great opening of the gills of fishes: an 
 opercule. 
 
 ©-phi'a-sis.* [From opts, a “ser- 
 pent.”] A term applied by Celsus to a 
 variety of Area (or baldness) which 
 spreads in a serpentine form round both 
 sides of the head from the occiput. 
 
 ©-phid'i-an. [Opliid'ius; from 
 opig, a “ serpent.”] Belonging to a ser- 
 pent, or resembling serpents. 
 
 ©phioglossaceae,* o-fe-o-glos-sa'- 
 she-e. [From Ophioglos* sum, one of the 
 genera.] “Adders’ Tongues.” A nat- 
 ural order of cryptogamic plants allied 
 to fferns. 
 
 ©- j>3ii-og ' ra- ph y • [O pli io^ra- 
 
 pliia; from opig. a “ serpent,” and ypa<bw, 
 to “ write.”] A description of serpents. 
 
 O-plil-o-i'des.* [From dpig, a “ser- 
 pent,” and tlbog, a “form.”] Resembling 
 a serpent : o'phioid. 
 
 ©-phl-oph'a-gous. [OpliiopEi'a- 
 
 374 
 
 gus; from bpig, a “serpent,” and Payu, 
 to “eat.”] Eating serpents as food. 
 Applied to certain birds. 
 
 O-phi-os'to-ma.* [From opts, a 
 “serpent,” and aropa, a “mouth.”] The 
 name of a genus of intestinal worms. 
 
 ©ph-thM'ma-gra.* [From op9a\- 
 pog, the “eye,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] 
 Sudden pain of the eye, gouty in its na- 
 ture or otherwise. 
 
 ©ph-thal-Mial'gi-a.* [From 6p0a\- 
 p6g, the “eye,” and a\yog, “pain.”] The 
 same as Ophthalmodynia, which see. 
 
 ©ph-thM-inargi-cus.* Belonging 
 to ophthalmalgia : ophthalmalgic. 
 
 ©ph-thal-ina-tro'phi-a.* [From 
 opOaXpog, the “eye,” and arpopia, a “pin- 
 ing away.”] Atrophy, or wasting away, 
 of the eye. 
 
 ©ph-thal'ini-a.* [From 6p0a\p6g, the 
 “eye.”] (Fr. Ophthalmie, of'tal'm^', cr 
 Ophthalmitc , of'tlU'met'.) Inflammation 
 of the eye. A genus of the order Phleg- 
 masise, class Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nosol- 
 ogy. It is nearly synonymous with Oph- 
 thalmitis. The following important 
 varieties may be noticed. 
 
 Catar'rhal Ophthal'mia. [ Ophthal '- 
 mia Catarrha'lis .] Arising from atmo- 
 spheric causes, and popularly designated 
 by the terms cold, or blight. The expres- 
 sion ophthalmia mucosa ( i( m ucous oph- 
 thalmia”) denotes the increased mucous 
 discharge which accompanies it. It is 
 seated in the conjunctiva. 
 
 Gonorrhce'al Ophthal'mia. [Cph- 
 thal'mia Gonorrho* ica.~\ A very severe 
 form of the disease, produced by the 
 accidental introduction of gonorrhoeal 
 matter into the eye. See Gonorriioble- 
 pharriicea. 
 
 Ophtiiai/mia Neonato'rum.* (“Oph- 
 thalmia of New-born [Children]”.) A 
 kind of purulent ophthalmia which 
 sometimes attacks infants soon after 
 birth. 
 
 Pu'iiulent Ophthal'mia. [ Ophthal' - 
 mia Purulen'ta .] Also termed Lgyp'tian 
 Ophthal'mia, because it is common in 
 Egypt. An acute form of ophthalmia, 
 attended with a puriform secretion. This 
 is the blepharo-blennorrhea, ophthalmo- 
 blennorrhea , of Schmidt and Beer. This 
 form of the disease is generally, if not 
 always, contagious. 
 
 ©ph-t liftl'mic. [Oplflttal'micus; 
 from 6pda\p6g, the “eye.”] Belonging to, 
 or connected with, tho eye, or with oph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 Ophthalmic Ganglion. Sec Len- 
 ticular Ganglion. 
 
OPII 
 
 OPI 
 
 ic. [Oplitlialmit'i- 
 
 cus.J Belonging to ophthalmitis. 
 
 Opfo-tiaal-Biii'tis, idis* [From oc/>- 
 QaXpog, the “ eye.”] Inflammation of the 
 eye ; more specially of the bulb or globe 
 of the eye, with its membranes. Nearly 
 synonymous with Ophthalmia. 
 
 ©ph - t!hal - mo - bleu - nor-rlioe'a.* 
 [From 6p0a\p6g , the “eye,” @\swa, “mu- 
 cus,” and pio), to “flow.”] Literally, a 
 “flow of mucus from the eye:” usually 
 applied to a gonorrhoeal discharge from 
 the eyelids. See Ophthalmia (Gonor- 
 rhceal). 
 
 Opla-tlfoal-m©-car-£i-ii©'ina, at is* 
 
 [From dpdaXpog, the “eye,” and Kapidvcjpa, 
 a “cancerous tumor.”] Cancer of the 
 eye. 
 
 ©p9a-t2ial'm©-$ele.** [From 6j)0a\- 
 ptig, the “eye,” and Krikn, a “tumor.”] 
 The same as Ophtiialmoptoma. 
 
 ©p3a-13fls\l-Bai©-^el'i-CMS. ;;: ' Belong- 
 ing to ophthalmocele : ophthalmocel'ic. 
 
 Oph-thal-mo-dyii i-a.® [From 6p- 
 Oa\pog, the “eye,” and d'.vvrj, “pain.”] 
 Violent pain in the eye, not the effect 
 of inflammation. 
 
 Ophdlisi3-m©g'r^phy. [Oplnthal- 
 
 mo^ra'pBnia ; from dpOdXpog, the “eye,” 
 and yptya), to “write.”] A description 
 of the eye. 
 
 Op3i-13nai-m©l'o-g , y- [Oplitlaal- 
 
 molo'gia; from 6p9a\p6g, the “eye,” 
 and Xoyof, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on 
 the eye. That part of Anatomy which 
 treats of the eye. 
 
 ©ph-tlhal-mo-ma-cro'sis/-' [From 
 
 dpQaXpog, the “eye,” and paxpog, “long,” 
 or “great.”] Enlargement of the eye- 
 balls. 
 
 Oph-thaFmom'e-ter. [Ophtlhal- 
 
 mom'etrum ; from opOaXpog, the “ eye,” 
 and pzrpov, a “measure.”] An instru- 
 ment for measuring the capacity of the 
 chambers of the eye. 
 
 Opli-th&l-mop5ft'tlfiX-sis.& [From 
 6J)0a\p6g f the “eye,” and <pQictg, a “wast- 
 ing.”] Wasting, or diminution, of the 
 eyeballs. 
 
 Op3a-tfoa9-m©-ple'&i-a.* [From d0- 
 
 Qa\p6g, the “eye,” and likqyh, a “stroke,” 
 or “wound/'] Paralysis of the muscles 
 of the eyeball. 
 
 Opli-t3aafl-m©p-t©'iiia, at is* [From 
 dpdoXpog, the “eye,” and rrwga, a “fall.”] 
 Procidentia ocnli , or protrusion of the 
 eyeball: usually caused by some tumor 
 or abscess within the orbit. See Oph- 
 f HALMOCELE. 
 
 Oph-tlial-m©p-t©'s£S.* The pro- 
 gress of ophthalmoptoma. 
 
 ©ph-thal-mor-rlia'gi-a.*' [From 
 
 6(pda\p6g, the “ eye,” and phyvipi, to “burst 
 forth.”] Haemorrhage from the eye or 
 orbit. 
 
 Opfli-thal-mar-rliex'is.* [From 
 
 d(p9a\pdg, the “eye,” and /)*?£<$, a “break 
 ing,” or “ bursting.”] A bursting, or 
 disruption, of the eyeball. 
 
 Opli-tlml-iu©i*-r£Lw'a.* [From of 
 Qa\p6g, the “eye,” and pi<o, to “flow.”] 
 An oozing (of blood) from the eye. 
 
 ©pBitha!m©rrlt<je'a Ex-ter'na.* 
 Extravasation of blood beneath the eye- 
 lids. 
 
 Op9Bt9fialm©rrlioe'a In-ter'na.* A 
 
 term for extravasation of blood within 
 the eye. 
 
 OpSfi-tIiarm©-se©pe. [Oplithal- 
 
 m©sc©pus; from o^OaXpog, the “eye,” 
 and Oconee), to “ examine.”] An instru- 
 ment for facilitating examination of the 
 eye. 
 
 ©pli-tlnaf-ni©-pc©p'ic. [Oplithal- 
 
 in©sc*©p'icus.] Belonging to ophthal- 
 moscopy. 
 
 Oph'thal'inos'co-py. [Oplitlial- 
 niosco'pia : from 6<p6a\pog, the “eye,” 
 and ckottcio, to “ examine.”] Examina- 
 tion, or inspection, of the eyes. 
 
 ©piano. See Narcotine. 
 
 © pi-ate. [Opia'tum: from o'piumt\ 
 A medicine which causes sleep. 
 
 O'pi-i,* the genitive of Opium. 
 
 Opds-tliot-c-uo-i des/ [From opis- 
 thotonos, and ticog , a “ form.”] Besern- 
 bling opisthotonos. 
 
 Op-is-tlfiot'o-nos«* [From dmoOe, “at 
 the back,” and mV oj, to “ stretch,” or 
 “ bend.”] Bent or stretched backwards; 
 a variety of tetanus. 
 
 © pi-uni.® [Gr. omov ; from onog, 
 “juice.”] The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
 the concrete juice of the Papa'ver somnif - 
 enim , obtained from incisions in the cor- 
 tical part of its capsule. Good opium 
 should yield at least seven per cent, of 
 morphia by the officinal process. Opium 
 is a stimulant narcotic. Taken in a 
 moderate dose, its first effect is to increase 
 the force and fulness of the pulse, to 
 augment the temperature of the skin, to 
 quicken the senses and give new energy 
 to the intellectual faculties. This state 
 of excitement gradually subsides, and is 
 followed by a feeling of placid repose, 
 which at length terminates in sleep. 
 Some persons, however, are not affected 
 by opium in the manner here described, 
 but are rendered restless, and even deli- 
 rious, by its action. When this narcotic 
 has been taken in poisonous doses, the 
 375 
 
OPO 
 
 ORA 
 
 patient soon sinks into a profound leth- 
 argy or torpor, and death ensues, caused, 
 it would seem, by a suspension of respi- 
 ration from the want of due influence 
 from the brain. As a medicine, opium 
 (or its preparations) may be advan- 
 tageously employed in a greater variety 
 of affections than perhaps any other 
 article in the Materia Medica. For 
 allaying restlessness, assuaging pain, 
 and producing sleep, it is an in\ alv.able 
 resource to the physician. Being a power- 
 ful antispasmodic, it may often be used 
 with the greatest advantage in tetanus, 
 colic, violent cough, especially of a ner- 
 vous character, and other convulsive af- 
 fections. Its influence in checking the 
 secretions, renders it a most valuable 
 remedy in diarrhoea, in catarrh attended 
 with excessive expectoration, in diabetes, 
 etc. But, if it is one of the most useful 
 of medicines, it is also perhaps more 
 than any other, liable to abuse; the 
 habit of taking it, when not absolutely 
 needed, is easily acquired, and is often 
 followed by the most distressing and de- 
 plorable effeets on both the body and 
 the mind. See Poisons. 
 
 0|>-0'bal'sam. [Opobal'samum; 
 from dnog, “juice,” and bal'&amum.] 
 The most valued of the balsams; also 
 called Balm of Gilead. It is obtained 
 from the Amyris Gileadensis, otherwise 
 called A. opohalsamum. The same as 
 Balsam of Mecca, which see. 
 
 Op-o-det'doc. The camphorated 
 soap-liniment. 
 
 0-2>»-i'«U-a Oat-ba-nif 'e-rsu* The 
 
 name of the plant to which the Dublin 
 College has referred the gum-resin gal- 
 banum. 
 
 O-pop'o-nax, a' cm.* [From d*r<k, 
 “juice,” and nava*, the “panacea herb.”] 
 A gum-resin obtained from a plant for- 
 merly called Pastina'ca opop' onax, now 
 0 pop' on 'ix chi ro' ilium. 
 
 Opop'onax Clfii-ro'ni-um.* A new 
 name for the plant which affords Opopo- 
 nux; formerly called Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 Oppilatio (op-pe-la'she-o), o 'nisA 
 [From oppi'lo, oppila' turn, to “obstruct.”] 
 Synonymous with Obstipation, and 
 Constipation, which see. 
 
 Op-po'nens Pol'll-cis.# (“Oppos- 
 ing [Muscle] of the Thumb.”) [From 
 oppo'no, to “oppose,” nru\ pol' lex, pof' fi- 
 ds, the “thumb.”] A muscle which 
 arises from the annular ligament of the 
 wrist, etc., and is inserted into the 
 thumb. It brings the thumb inwards, 
 thus opposing it to the fingers. 
 
 376 
 
 Op'po-site. [From oppo'no, oppos’- 
 itum, to “place against.”] A term ap- 
 plied to leaves when two of them are 
 situated at the same node, on opposite 
 sides of the stem. 
 
 Op-pos'I-ti-fo'li-ous. [Oppositi- 
 
 fo'lius; from oppos'itus, and f o' limn , a 
 “leaf.”] Having opposite leaves. Also, 
 growing opposite a leaf. Applied to a 
 peduncle or a tendril. 
 
 Op-pos l-ti-pen-na'tus.* [From 
 oppo'no, opp>os'itum, to “place against,” 
 and 2)enna'tu8, “feathery.”] Applied to 
 pennate leaves of which the folioles are 
 opposite: oppositipen'nate. 
 
 ©p-pres'sion. [Oppres'sio, o'nis; 
 from op'primo, op>pres' sum, to “ press 
 down.”] A sensation of weight on a 
 part : the state of being oppressed. 
 
 Oppression, Pre-cor'di-aS. A 
 sense of weight experienced about the 
 prxcordia, or fore part of the chest. 
 
 Op'tie. [Op'ticus ; from onr<o, to 
 “see.”] Relating to the organ of vision. 
 
 Op'ticXerve. [Jfer'vus Op'ticiis, 
 plural Xer'vi Op'tici.] The optic nerve 
 forms the communication between the 
 brain and the organ of vision. The ex- 
 pansion of its orbital extremity consti- 
 tutes the retina. The optic nerves are 
 also called the Par secundum, or “Se- 
 cond Pair,” of the encephalic nerves, 
 the olfactory being reckoned as the first. 
 
 <l>p'tic Tlual'a-imis. [Thal amus 
 Op'ticws.] Each of two eminences in 
 the anterior and internal part of the 
 lateral ventricles of the brain ; the bed 
 of the optic nerve. 
 
 Op'tics. [Op'tica; from otttcj, to 
 “see.”] The branch of physical science 
 which treats of the phenomena of light 
 and vision, and of the instruments by the 
 use of which the faculty of vision is aided 
 and improved. 
 
 Opim'tia (o-pun'she-a) Coc-el-nel- 
 laf 'er-jt.* The Nopal, a cactaceous 
 plant on which the cochineal insects feed. 
 The natives in the Mexican State of 
 Oajaca form plantations of the Nopal 
 for the culture of these valuable insects, 
 of which three crops are said to be col- 
 lected annually. 
 
 Or, or. The French term for Gold, 
 which see. 
 
 ©'ra.* The plural of Os, a “mouth,” 
 
 which sec. 
 
 O'ral. [Ora'ISs; from os, o'ris , a 
 “mouth.”] Relating to the mouth, or 
 uttered by the mouth ; verbal. 
 
 Or'jmprc. [Auran'tinm.] The fruit 
 of the Citrus aurantium. 
 
OEA 
 
 ORD 
 
 Or'ange, Sev'ille (sev'il). A variety 
 of the Citrus aurantium. 
 
 Or*bic'ii«iiir. [Orbiccila'ris ; from 
 orbic'ulus, diminutive of or' bis, an “ orb,” 
 or “ circle.”] Shaped like an orb ; circu- 
 lar in outline. 
 
 ©r-bic-u-la're Os.* (“ Orbicular 
 Bone.”) The email orbed bone of the 
 ear articulating with the head of the 
 stapes. 
 
 Or-bic-u-la'ris ©c'ti-li. ;: - (“Circular 
 [Muscle] of the Eye.”) The same as 
 the Orbicularis Palpebrarum. 
 
 ©rbicwla'ris O'ris.* (“Circular 
 [Muscle] of the Mouth.”) A muscle con- 
 stituting the substance of the lips ; also 
 termed constrictor o'ris , sphinc'ter labio'- 
 rum, or oscula'tor. 
 
 Orbicula ris Pal-pe-bra'rmn.® 
 
 (“Circular [Muscle] of the Eyelids.”) 
 A muscle arising from the outer edge of 
 the orbitar process and inserted into the 
 nasal process of the superior maxillary 
 bone. It shuts the eye. 
 
 ©r-bic u-late. [Orbicula'tus ; from 
 orbic'ulus, a “little circle, or round 
 ball.”] Round and flat. Applied to 
 leaves. In Zoology, having the shell 
 round, or orbicular. 
 
 Or-bie'u-lus.* [Diminutive of or r - 
 bis, a “circle.”] A little circle. See 
 next article. 
 
 Orbic'ulus Cil-i-a'ris.* (“ Ciliary 
 Circle.”) The white circle formed by the 
 ciliary ligament, marking the distinction 
 between the choroid and iris. 
 
 Or 'bit. [From or'bita , a “track,” or 
 “path,” the “rut of a wheel.”] The 
 path described by a planet in its course 
 round the sun, or by a moon round its 
 primary planet. Also applied to the bony 
 cavity in which the eyeball is located, 
 the eye being compared to a wheel ( orbis ), 
 and the socket to the rut or cavity into 
 which the wheel has sunk. 
 
 ©r'bi-tal. [Orbita'lis; from or'- 
 bita , the “ orbit of the eye.”] Belonging 
 to the orbit of the eye. 
 
 ©r'bi-ta-ry. [Orbita'rins, or ©r- 
 bita'ris; from the same.] Relating to 
 the orbit of the eye. 
 
 ©r-bi-to-sphe'noid. [Orbitosphe- 
 noi'des; from or'bita, the “orbit,” and 
 sphenoi’des os, the “sphenoid bone.”] 
 A term used by Owen for the orbital, or 
 lesser, wing of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 ©r-che-i'tis, id is* [From bpxra for 
 h\tov, the “ scrotum.”] Inflammation of 
 the scrotum. 
 
 ©r-chel'la.# The HocceVla Tincto' ria, 
 a plant of the order Lichenes, which 
 
 yields the coloring matter called orchil. 
 or archil. 
 
 ©r'che-o-^ele.* The same as Os* 
 
 CHEOCELE. 
 
 ©r-che-o-plas'ty. [Orcheoplas'- 
 tia; from opxea, a term for the “ scrotum,” 
 and 7 tAiWgj, to “ form.”] The operation 
 of removing fungous portions of the 
 scrotum, and supplying their place with 
 healthy flaps from the vicinity. 
 
 OrehcotOBYiia. See Orchotomy. 
 
 ©r-chi-al'gi-ai.# [From opxig, a “tes- 
 ticle,” and a\yog, “ pain.”] Pain in the 
 testicle. 
 
 ©reiiidaceav*or-ke-da'she-e, or Or'- 
 chbdes. - A natural order of endoge- 
 nous herbaceous plants, found in all parts 
 of the world except those regions which 
 are excessively cold or dry. Some of 
 them are parasitical. This order, which 
 is more remarkable for beauty than 
 utility, includes the Or'ckis and the de- 
 lightful aromatic known as Vanilla. 
 
 Orchidalgia. See Orchialgia. 
 
 Or-chid'e-ows. [Orchid 'eus.] Re- 
 sembling the Orchis , or relating to the 
 Orchis. 
 
 Or'cM-dcs,* the plural of Or'chis , 
 forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
 order of plants. See Orchidace^e. 
 
 ©rchfidoiuiuia. See Orchotomy. 
 
 Orchids. The same as Orchides. 
 
 ©r-chil la.* The same as Orchella. 
 
 ©r'chl-o-^ele.* [From opxig, a “tes- 
 ticle,” and *07X77, a “turner.”] Hernia of 
 the testicle. 
 
 Or-ehi-o-dyn'i-aA [From opx<s f a 
 “testicle,” and obvrrj, “pain.”] Pain, of 
 a pungent character, in the testicle. 
 
 ©r-chi-o-scir'rfms. ;;: [From opxig, 
 a “testicle,” and oKifpog, an “indurated 
 tumor.”] Scirrhus, or incipient cancer, 
 of the testicle. 
 
 ©rchiotomia. See Orchotomy. 
 
 Or'chis Mas'cu-la.* The Male Or- 
 chis ; a plant from the tubers of which 
 salep is procured. 
 
 ©r-chit'I-cus.* Belonging to orchi- 
 tis : orchit'ic. 
 
 Or-chi'tis, id is* [From opxig, a 
 “testicle.”] Inflammation of the tes- 
 ticle ) swelled testicle. The same as 
 Hernia Humoralis. 
 
 ©r-chot'o-may. [Orchoto'mia ; 
 from opX’s , a “ testicle,” and rip vw, to 
 “cut.”] The operation of cutting out 
 or removing a testicle by the knife ,* cas- 
 tration. 
 
 Or'der. [Or'do, ©r'dinis.] A di- 
 vision of a class, comprising genera vary- 
 ing in some respects from each other, 
 377 
 
ORD 
 
 ORG 
 
 but agreeing in essential characters. In 
 Architecture, a system or assemblage of 
 parts arranged according to some par- 
 ticular plan or style. 
 
 ©r'di-nes,*' gen. Or di-num. The 
 
 plural of Ordo. See Order. 
 
 Or'do.* The Latin term for Order, 
 which see. 
 
 Ore. [Probably from ses, se'ris, 
 “ brass.”] A mineral substance from 
 which a metal is extracted ; a native 
 combination of a metal with some sub- 
 stance which disguises its metallic pro- 
 perties. Ores are termed sulphurets when 
 combined with sulphur, oxides when com- 
 bined with oxygen, and salts when com- 
 bined with acids. 
 
 Or'gan. [Or'gannm; from opyavov, 
 an “instrument,” or “organ.”] A part 
 of an animal or vegetable capable of 
 performing some act or office appropriate 
 to itself. 
 
 ©r-gan'ic. [Organ 'tens ; from the 
 same.] Relating to, or acting by means 
 of, organs; having an organized struc- 
 ture. Generally used to express the dis- 
 tinction between a disease of structure 
 and one of function, the former being 
 organic, the latter functional. 
 
 Organ'ic Chem'istry is that branch 
 f Chemistry which treats of the pro- 
 perties and combinations of animal and 
 vegetable substances. 
 
 Organ'ic Func'tions are those pos- 
 sessed by both animals and vegetables. 
 
 Organic Force. See Vital Force. 
 
 ©rgan'ic Life. A term applied to 
 that life which belongs properly to the 
 organs necessary to vital existence. It is 
 shared in common by both animals and 
 vegetables, and is contradistinguished 
 from animal life , comprising those func- 
 tions which are peculiar to animals. 
 
 ©rgan'ic Mol'e-cules. [Molec'- 
 nlae Organ'i^ae.] A term applied by 
 Spallanzani to certain floating bodies sup- 
 posed to exist in the male semen, and 
 which he regarded as primordial monads 
 of peculiar activity existing through all 
 nature and constituting the nutrient ele- 
 ments of living matter. 
 
 Organ' ic lie-mains'. The remains 
 of plants and animals; that is, all or- 
 ganized bodies found in a fossil state. 
 
 ©r'gan-i&m. [Organis'nnis; from 
 dpyavov, an “organ.”] Organic structure; 
 the living economy ; the assemblage of 
 the forces which act in organized be ; ngs. 
 
 Or-gun-B-xa'tion. [Organ! za'tio, 
 o r nis; from ftpya>ov, an “organ.”] The 
 process by which an organized body is 
 378 
 
 formed; also, the totality of the parts 
 which constitute, and of the laws which 
 regulate, an organized body. 
 
 Or'gan-ized. [Organiza'tus ; from 
 opyavov, an “organ.”] Having a defined 
 structure ; formed, or furnished, with 
 organs, each of which has its proper 
 function. 
 
 ©r-ga-nog'e-ny. [Organoge'nias 
 
 from opyavov, an “ organ,” and yhsoif, 
 “generation.”] Originally, the forma- 
 tion, or growth, of organs; usually ap- 
 plied to a description of the organs of a 
 living body. 
 
 ©r-gan-o-graph'I-cal. [©rgano- 
 graphieais.] Relating to organogra- 
 phy. 
 
 ©r-ga-nog'ra-phy. [©rganogra'- 
 phia; from opyavov, an “organ,” and 
 ypdfpoj, to “ write.”] A description of the 
 organs of some living body ; the study 
 of the organs or conspicuous parts of 
 plants as to their external conformation, 
 including Morphology (the study of 
 forms). — (Gray.) 
 
 ©i*-ga-no-log'I-cal. [©rganolog'- 
 
 iens.] Relating to organology. 
 
 ©r-ga-nol'o-gy. [©rganolo'gia : 
 
 from opyavov , an “organ,” and \6yog, a 
 “ speech.”] That branch of Physiology 
 which treats of the different organs of 
 animals, but more particularly of those 
 of the human body. 
 
 Organon, ©rgannm. See Organ. 
 
 ©r-ga-no-no'mi-a.* [From opyavov , 
 an “organ,” and vopog, a “law.”] A de- 
 claration of the laws which regulate the 
 activity of the organism, or organic life : 
 organon'omy. 
 
 ©r-ga-no-nom'i-cus.* Belonging 
 
 to organonomia. 
 
 Or gans of Re-pro-duc'tion. Ap- 
 plied in Botany to the flowers (consisting 
 essentially of stamens and pistils). 
 
 Or'gans of Veg-e-ta/tion (in other 
 words, the organs which are essential to 
 vegetable life, or the life of the indi- 
 vidual plant). This term includes the 
 root, stem, and leaves, which are also 
 called the fundamental organs of plants. 
 
 Or gasm. [Orgas'nuis ; from dpy'uo, 
 to “swell.”] Eager desire or excite- 
 ment, especially venereal ; salacity. See 
 CEstrum. 
 
 Orgasm, Diseases aifeeting tlie. 
 
 See Oroastica. 
 
 ©r-gas'ti-ca.* [From orgas' ficus.] 
 The name of an order of the class Gene - 
 tic a in Good’s Nosology. It comprises 
 diseases affecting the procreative power. 
 
 ©r-gas'tl-cus.* Belonging to orga e in 
 
ORG 
 
 ORK 
 
 Orgeat, or'zhat. (French pronuncia- 
 tion, oit'zh&'.) A sweetened emulsion of 
 almonds with orange -flower water. 
 
 Or-I-clial'cuni.* [From opog, a 
 “ mountain,” and xaX*<5f, “ brass.”] Lite- 
 rally, ‘‘mountain brass.” A peculiar 
 kind of mixed metal in general use 
 among the ancient Greeks and Romans. 
 It is proved to have been composed of 
 nearly the same ingredients as brass. 
 
 O'ri-ent. [O'riens; from o'rior, to 
 “rise up,” to “arise.”] Literally, the 
 “ rising.” Applied to that part of the 
 heavens at which the sun arises and 
 ascends above the horizon ; eastern. 
 
 Or'i-f Ice. [Orift^'iuin ; from os, 
 o'ris, a “ mouth,” and fa! do , to “ make.”] 
 A mouth or entrance to any cavity of 
 the body ; as the orifice of the stomach. 
 
 O-rig^a-nuni.*' [Gr. opeiyaror.] A 
 Linnaean genus of the class Didynamia , 
 natural order Labiatse. The Pharma- 
 copoeia! name (Ed. and U.S. Ph.) of 
 Origanum vulgar e , or common marjoram. 
 
 Origanum M ar-j o-ra ' na.* The 
 sweet marjoram. 
 
 ©rig'amian Vul-ga're.* The com- 
 mon marjoram. 
 
 ©r'i-gin. [From ori'go , orig'inis . a 
 “source,” “beginning.”] Properly, the 
 source or commencement of any thing. 
 The commencement of a muscle from 
 any part. Its attachment to the part it 
 moves is called its insertion. 
 
 Or-le-a'na, Ter'ra.* A name for 
 annotto. 
 
 Orme, ORm. The French for “elm.” 
 See Ulmus. 
 
 Or-ni-thi-eh-ni'tis.^ [From opvig, 
 dpviQog , a “bird,” and ix v og, a “path,” or 
 “track.”] A name applied to the stone 
 found in Massachusetts, marked with the 
 track of birds’ feet. 
 
 Or-nl-tko-^epfii a-lons. [Orni- 
 tliocepli'alus; from bpvig, a “bird,” and 
 KeipaXfi, a “ head.”] Having the appear- 
 ance of a bird’s head. Applied to parts 
 of certain plants and shells. 
 
 ©r-nl-tiio-co'prus.* [From opvig , a 
 “bird,” and Konpog, “ dung.”] A name for 
 Guano, which see. 
 
 Or iii-tlioid. [Ornittaoi'des; from 
 opvig, a “bird,” and eldog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a bird. 
 
 Or-mith'o-lite. [Oniitlioli'tes ; 
 
 from bpvig, a “ bird,” and \i6og, a “ stone.”] 
 Applied to the fossil remains of birds. 
 
 Or-ni-tliol i-tlius.* [From the 
 same.] The petrifaction of birds. 
 
 ©r-ni-tlio-log , 'i-eal. [Ornitlio- 
 log'icus.] Relating to Ornithology. 
 
 ©r-ns-tlioTo-gy. [©rnitholo'gia ; 
 
 from opvig, opviQog , a “bird,” and Xbyog, a 
 “discourse.”] The science which treats 
 of the natural history and classification 
 of birds. 
 
 Or-ni-tlio-rhyn'<*lius.* [From opvig, 
 opviQog , a “bird,” and ptiyxpg , a “beak.”] 
 A remarkable animal of Australia, having 
 the body of a quadruped and a mouth 
 which resembles the bill of a duck. 
 
 ©r'nus.* [From oprivog, “mountain- 
 ous.”] The Wild Ash. A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Polygamia, natural 
 order Oleacese. 
 
 ©rims Eii-ro-pse'a.* The tree 
 which chiefly yields manna. Also named 
 F) ax' in ns or' mis. 
 
 ©rofoaiicliaceay* or-o-ban-ka'she-e. 
 [From Oroban'che, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 parasitical plants, found in Europe, Asia, 
 and North America. 
 
 ©r-o-bo-i'cles.* [From opoSog, “pulse,” 
 and sibog, a “form.”] Resembling pulse. 
 
 ©-rog’-no'si-a.* [From opog, a “ moun- 
 tain,” and yvumg, “knowledge.”] The 
 science which treats of mountains, their 
 origin, structure, etc. 
 
 ©-ro-grapli'l-cal. [©rograpli'i- 
 cus.] Relating to orography. 
 
 ©-rog'ra-pliy. [©rogra'pliia; 
 from opog, a “ mountain,” and ypaepo), to 
 “write.”] A description of mountains. 
 
 ©r-o-hy-drog'ra-pliy. [Orohy- 
 rirogra'plcia ; from opog , a “mountain,” 
 vocop, “ water,” and ypaipw, to “ write.”] A 
 history of waters which flow from moun- 
 tains, or of the waters and geognostic 
 formations of a country. 
 
 ©-ro-log'i-ral. [©rolog'icus.] 
 Relating to orology. 
 
 ©-rol'o-gy. [©rolo'gia; from opog , a 
 “ mountain,” and Xoyog , a “ discourse.”] 
 A dissertation on mountains. The sci- 
 ence which treats of the structure, etc., 
 of mountains. 
 
 ©roMtiacese-ro-ron-te-a'she-e. [From 
 Oron’tium , one of the genera.] A nat- 
 ural order of endogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found in many tropical and tem- 
 perate regions. It includes the Cal'la 
 palus'tris, and Adorus cal'amvs. Seve- 
 ral of the genera are stimulant and 
 tonic. 
 
 ©r'pi-m^Eit. [Oi’pimen'tnm: i.e. 
 au'ri pigmen'tmn , “pigment of gold:” so 
 named from its color.] Yellow sulphu- 
 ret of arsenic, or king’s yellow. 
 
 ©r-rhor-rha'gi-a.* [From ofpog, 
 “serum,” and pfiywpu, to “burst forth.”] 
 A sudden discharge or bursting forth of 
 379 
 
ORR 
 
 OS 
 
 serum, as from the bowels in Asiatic 
 chplera. 
 
 Gr-vlior-rlfioe'a.* [From dfpog, “ se- 
 rum,” and poo, to “flow.”] A flow or 
 discharge of serum ; a watery dis- 
 charge. 
 
 ©r-rho-so'leii, e'nfs* [From dfpog, 
 “ serum,” and 0x0X17//, a “ pipe.”] A lym- 
 phatic vessel. 
 
 Or-riiy'men, eii /<<?,* or Or-rho-hy'- 
 
 men"'- [From oppo g, “ serum,” and vpriv, 
 a “membrane.”] A serous membrane. 
 
 ©r-rliy-me-aii'tis, id is* or ©r-rho- 
 liy-nie-ni'tis.- [From orrhy'men.] In- 
 flammation of a serous membrane. 
 
 ©r-rliy-men-o-i'des.* [From or- 
 rhif'tnen, and eidog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling a serous membrane. 
 
 Orris Florentine. See Iris Flo- 
 
 RENTINA. 
 
 ©r-tlia-can'tlius.* [From op9og, 
 “straight,” or “right,” and axavda, a 
 “spine.”] Having straight spines: or- 
 thacanthous. 
 
 ©r-tliar'tlira-gra.* [From dpOog, 
 “straight,” or “right,” “true,” apQpov, a 
 “joint,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] True 
 or regular gout. 
 
 ©r-ttioc'la-clas.* [From dpOog, 
 “straight,” or “right,” and xX'dog, a 
 “branch.”] Having straight or upright 
 branches. 
 
 Or-tSio-pa?-cli'a.* [From opdo;, 
 “ straight,” or “right,” and raig, a 
 “ child.”] The straightening, correcting, 
 or curing deformities of children. 
 
 O r- tlio-ped ' ic. [O rthopse 'clients.] 
 Belonging to orthopaedic i. 
 
 ©r-tliop-noe'a.* [From dpOog , 
 “ straight,” or “ right,” an d tti ' dp, “ breath- 
 ing.”] Literally, “upright breathing.” 
 Quick and labored breathing, in which 
 the person has to maintain an upright 
 posture to allow of even this. 
 
 ©r-tliop-no'i-eus.* Belonging to 
 orthopnoe'a. 
 
 ©r-tliop'ter-us.* [From dpOog, 
 “straight,” and nrepov, a “wing.”] 
 Straight-winged. Applied in the plural 
 neuter ( Orthop’tera ) to an order of 
 insects: orthop'terous. 
 
 Or-tliosto-aams. [From dpOog, 
 “ straight,” and ardpa, a “ mouth.”] Hav- 
 ing the mouth or opening straight: or- 
 thostomous. 
 
 ©r-tliot'ro-pal, or ©B*-Hiot'ro- 
 pous. [From dpOog, “ straight,” and Tpcnco, 
 to “ turn.”] A term applied to a straight 
 ovule of a plant which has its radicle 
 next to the hilum. 
 
 ©-ryc-to-die'mi-a.* [From dp-ixrdg, 
 
 380 
 
 “dug out,” “ fossil,” and xvpeia, “chemis- 
 try.”] The chemical examination of 
 fossils. 
 
 ©-ryc-tog'e-ny. [©ryctoge'nia ; 
 
 from opvKTog, “fossil,” and ytvvdio, to 
 “produce.”] The generating or produ- 
 cing of fossils. 
 
 ©- ry c- to-ge-o-log ' s - cal. [©ry ct o- 
 
 geolog'icus.] Belonging to orycto- 
 
 geology. 
 
 O-ryc-to-ge-ol'o-gy. [©ryctoge- 
 
 olo'gia; from dpvxTog, a “fossil,” or 
 “mineral,” yr?, the “earth,” and \dyog, a 
 “discourse.”] That branch of science 
 which treats of the arrangement of mine- 
 rals in the bosom of the earth. 
 
 ©-ry c-tog-nos 'tic. [O ry ctognos 
 ticais.] Relating to oryctognosy. 
 
 ©-ryc-tog'no-sy. [Oryctogno'sia ; 
 from dpvKTog , “fossil,” and yv&mg, “know- 
 ledge.”] The same as Oryctology. 
 
 ©-ry c-to-graph 'I-cal. [©rycto- 
 
 graph'icws.] Belonging to oryctog- 
 raphy. 
 
 ©- rye- tog ' ra-pliy . [ ©r y ctogr a ' - 
 plfiia; from opwrog, “fossil,” and ypdepto , 
 to “ write.”] A description of fossils or 
 minerals. 
 
 ©-r y c-to-log 'i-cal. [Ory ctolog ' i- 
 
 cns.] Belonging to oryctology. 
 
 ©-ryc-tol'o-gy. [Oryctolo'gia ; 
 from opvKTog , “fossil,” and \dyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] That department of Natural 
 History which treats of fossil organic 
 remains. This term is sometimes used 
 to denote those parts of Mineralogy 
 which have for their object the classifi- 
 cation of minerals, their description, 
 nomenclature, and arrangement. 
 
 O-ry c-tom 'e-try. [OryctoBtic'- 
 tria ; from dpvxrog, “fossil,” and perpio), 
 to “ measure.”] The science of measur- 
 ing fossils. 
 
 ©-ryc-to-zo-o-lo'gi-a.* [From 
 
 op'KTog , “fossil,” $cDoj/, an “animal,” and 
 \6yog , a “ discourse.”] A treatise on ani- 
 mal fossils : oryctozoology. 
 
 ©-ry c- to-zo-o-log i -cus.* B el on g- 
 ing to oryctozoologia: oryctozoological. 
 
 ©-ry'za.* A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Triandria, natural order Gramina- 
 ceuc. The rice -plant. 
 
 Ory za Sa-ti'va.* The systematic 
 name of the rice-plant. 
 
 O-ry-zo-i'des.* [From ory'zn, “rice,” 
 and eitog, a “form.”] Resembling the 
 rice-plant. 
 
 ©s,* genitive ©'ris, plural O ra. 
 The mouth, or aperture by which food is 
 received into the body, and in which, by 
 its peculiar apparatus of nerves, mus- 
 
OS 
 
 OSP 
 
 cles, bones, and teeth, taste, speech, res- 
 piration, suction, mastication, and deg- 
 lutition are exercised or performed. Also 
 applied to various apertures or openings 
 of the body. 
 
 ©s,* genitive Os'sis, nominative plu- 
 ral ©s'sa, genitive Ossiuin, osh'e-um. 
 [Gr. ootzov ; Fr. Os, o.] A bone. See 
 Bone. 
 
 Os Coc'^y-gis. See Coccyx. 
 
 ©s Uribleux, o kR^'bluh'. The 
 
 French term for the Ethmoid Bone. 
 
 ©s <le la Uuisse, o d’l& kw£ss. The 
 French term for Femur, which see. 
 
 ©s de l’Assiette, 6 d’l&se-ett'. The 
 French term for Ischium, which see. 
 
 ©s Ex-ter'iium.* (“ External Ap- 
 erture.”) The opening or entrance of 
 the vagina. See Os Internum. 
 
 ©s Femoris. See Femur. 
 
 ©s I-Ii'a-cum,* plural ©s'sa I-li'a- 
 ca. Another name for the Os Innomi - 
 natum. See Ossa Innominata. 
 
 ©s Ilium. See Ilium. 
 
 ©s Innoiniiaaltiin. See Ossa Ix- 
 
 NOMINATA. 
 
 ©s I li- ter 'n u m or ©s Tin'^se.* 
 
 The orifice of the uterus or womb. 
 
 ©s Iseliii. See Ischium. 
 
 ©s liaclirymaie. See Unguis Os. 
 ©s©rbiculare. See Orbiculare Os. 
 ©s Pubis. See PubIs, Os. 
 
 ©s U'te-ri.* (“ Mouth of the Uterus.”) 
 See Uterus. 
 
 ©s'clie-al. [©scliea'lis ; from hx^ov, 
 the “scrotum.”] Belonging to the scro- 
 tum. 
 
 ©s-elie-i'tis, id is.* [From oaxtov, the 
 “scrotum.”] Inflammation of the scro- 
 tum; also, the same as Orcheitis. 
 
 ©s-cl»el-e-i>lian-ti'a-sis.* [From 
 oa\cov, the “ scrotum,” and elephantiasis.] 
 Enormous enlargement of the scrotum. 
 
 ©s'ehe-o-car^i-iio'ma, fit is* [From 
 foxcov, the “scrotum,” and KapKtvuipa, a 
 “cancer.”] Cancer of the scrotum. 
 
 Os'clie-o-^ele.* [From oaxso v, the 
 “ scrotum,” and Kr{\ri, a “ tumor.”] Tu- 
 mor of the scrotum;' also, scrotal hernia. 
 
 ©s'cil-lat-ing-. [©s'cillams; from 
 oseil'lo, oscilla'tum , to “oscillate,” to 
 “swing as a pendulum.”] Applied to 
 anthers attached, not by a fillet, but by 
 a very small point towards the middle 
 of their length, so that they are nearly 
 balanced, and move from the slightest 
 cause. 
 
 ©s-cil-la'tion. [©scilla'tio, o 'ms; 
 from the same.] A swinging motion to 
 and fro ; also, a tremulous or vibrating 
 motion. 
 
 ©s-cil'Ia-to-ry- [©scillato'rius ; 
 
 from the same.] Swinging or moving 
 like a pendulum. Applied to the arterial 
 pulsation, etc. 
 
 ©s'ci-tant. [©s'citans; from os'ci- 
 to, oscita'tmn, to “yawn.”] Yawning; 
 gaping: sleepy; sluggish. 
 
 ©s-ci-ta'tion. {©scita'tio, o’nis; 
 from the same.] The act of yawning. 
 
 ©s'cu-late. [©scula'tus; from os'- 
 cnlum, a “ little mouth.”] Having little 
 mouths or suckers. 
 
 ©s-cu-la'tor.* (“That which kisses;” 
 from os'culor, osada'tus, to “kiss:” so 
 named because it contracts the mouth.) A 
 name for the Orbicularis Oris (Muscle), 
 which see. 
 
 ©s'cu-lum.* [Diminutive of os, a 
 “ mouth.”] A little mouth or aperture. 
 
 ©s'ma-zomc. [©sinazo nia; from 
 oaph, “odor,” and Cw/idj, “sauce.”] A 
 peculiar principle of muscular fibre, of a 
 brownish-yellow color, which gives the 
 rich agreeable taste and flavor to roasted 
 meat, soups, etc. 
 
 ©s'mi-uin.* [From 6<rpri, an “odor.”] 
 A metal named from the peculiar odor 
 which one of its oxides exhales. It is 
 rare, and has not been applied to any use. 
 
 ©s-niom'e-ter. [From ucpog, “im- 
 pulsion,” and pirpov, a “measure.”] An 
 apparatus for exhibiting the osmotic 
 force. It consists of a porous vessel 
 filled with a saline solution and im- 
 mersed in pure water. 
 
 ©s-mo-me t ' ric. [©smomet ' r icus. ] 
 Belonging to osmometry. 
 
 ©s-inom'e-try. [©smome'tria; 
 from oapri, an “odor,” and perpew, to 
 “measure.”] The estimating of the 
 qualities of odoriferous substances. 
 
 ©s'mose. [©smo'sis; from uapog , 
 “impulsion.”] The power or action by 
 which liquids are impelled through a 
 moist membrane, and other porous par- 
 titions, in experiments of endosmose and 
 exosmose. 
 
 ©s-plire-si-olo-gy. [©sphresio- 
 lo'gia; from o^cpprjaig , a “smelling,” and 
 Aoyoj, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on 
 smelling. 
 
 ©s-pby-al'gi-a.* [From dtr^vg, the 
 “loin,” and a\yog, “pain.”] Pain in the 
 hips and loins; sciatica. 
 
 ©s-phy-ar&i-cus.* Belonging to os- 
 phyalgia: osphyalgic. 
 
 ©s-pliy-ar-ttiri'tis, id is* [From 
 6(T(f)vg, the “loin,” and npOpTrtg, “gout.”] 
 Strictly, gout of the loins or hip; but 
 used for Osphyitis , or inflammation of 
 the loins. 
 
 33 
 
 381 
 
OSP 
 
 OST 
 
 ©s-pSiy-i'tis, tdiaj* [From dmbvg, the 
 “loin.”] Inflammation of the loins. 
 
 ©s-pSay-o-my-e-U'tis, i dis* [From 
 dfpv;, the “loin,” and gveXdg , “ marrow/’] 
 Lumbar myelitis, or inflammation of the 
 spinal marrow in the region of the 
 loins. 
 
 Os-pliyr-rheii'ma, a Us.* [From 6 cr- 
 (jjv;, the “loin,” and psvga, “rheuma- 
 tism.”] Rheumatism of the hip-joint. 
 
 Os'sa,* gen. Ossiuan, osh'e-um, the 
 plural of Os, a “bone.” 
 
 Ossa Anonyma. See Ossa Innomi- 
 nata. 
 
 Os'sa Con-vo-lii'ta.* (“Convoluted 
 Bones.”) A name for the Turbinated 
 Bones, which see. 
 
 Ossa Ilfaca. See Ossa Innominata. 
 
 Os'sa In-noan-i-na'ta.^ [Plural of 
 Os Tnnomina'tum.] “Unnamed Bones.” 
 The two large, irregularly shaped bones 
 which, with the sacrum and coccyx , com- 
 pose the cavity of the pelvis. 
 
 Os'sa I^a'ta* (“Broad Bones”), or 
 Os'sa Plana- (“Flat Bones”). The 
 flat or broad bones which protect im- 
 portant viscera, or form the walls of 
 certain cavities, as the sternum and bones 
 of the cranium. 
 
 Os'sa JLmi'ga.- (“ Long Bones.”) 
 The long or cylindrical bones occurring 
 in the limbs. 
 
 Ossa Spongiosa. See Turbinated 
 Bones. 
 
 Ossa Trimietra, Ossa Wormii. 
 
 See Wormii, Ossa. 
 
 Osseous, osh'e-us. [Os 'sens; from 
 os, a “ bone.”] Of the nature or quality 
 of bone; bony. 
 
 Os'si-cle. [Ossic'tiltim; diminu- 
 tive of os, a “bone.”] A small bone. 
 
 Os-sic'u-la Au-di'tus.* The “ small 
 bones of hearing;” the Malleus, Incus, 
 Stapes, and Os orbiculare, situated in the 
 cavity of the tympanum. 
 
 Ossic'ula Ber-ti'nf.* (“ Ossicles of 
 Bertin.”) See Bertin, Spongy Bones op. 
 
 Os-sic'u-lar. [Ossaeula'ris ; from 
 ossic'ulum, “ossicle.”] Having the form 
 or appearance of ossicles. 
 
 Os-sic'u-late. [Ossictila'tus; from 
 the same.] Provided with small bones. 
 
 Os-sif'er-ous. [^sslf'erus: from 
 os, a “bone,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing, or containing, bones. 
 
 Os-sif'ic. [Ossif'ictis: from os, a 
 “bone,” and fa'cio, to “make.”] Form- 
 ing bone. 
 
 Os-sl-fi-ca'tion. [Ossifica'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from the same.] The formation 
 of bone or bony substance. For the dis- 
 382 
 
 tinction between ossification and calcifi- 
 cation, see Petrifaction. 
 
 Ossium,* osh'e-um. The genitive 
 plural of Os, a “ bone,” signifying “ of the 
 bones :” e.g. F ragiV itas os'sium, “ brit- 
 tleness of the bones.” 
 
 ©s-tse'mi-a.# [From dariov, a “bone,” 
 and alga, “blood.”] Morbid fulness of 
 blood in a bone. 
 
 Os-tal'gi-a/ [From oarzov, a “bone,” 
 and aXyog, “pain.”] Pain in the bones. 
 
 ©s-tal-gi'tis, i dis* [From ocTTCoy, a 
 “bone,” and aXyog, “pain.”] Inflamma- 
 tion of a bone, with excessive pain; also 
 spelled Ostealgitis. 
 
 ©stesemia. See Ost^emia. 
 ©s-te-al-lce-o'sis.* [From doreov, a 
 “bone,” and aXXoioxng, an “alteration.”] 
 Metamorphosis of the substance of a 
 bone, as the progress of osteosarcoma; 
 also termed Osteometabole. 
 
 ©s-te-an -a-gen -n e 'sis.** [From 
 
 orrioy, a “bone,” and dvayzjvr\cu “ regene- 
 ration.”] Renewal of bone. 
 
 ©s-te-a-napl*'y-sis.* [From cvtzov, 
 a “bone,” and dvapv oj, to “produce.”] 
 Reproduction of bone. 
 
 ©s-fe-ar-throe'a-^e.** [From darfav, 
 a “bone,” apdpov, a “joint,” and kuk*j, 
 “vice,” “disease.”] Cancer or caries of 
 the bones of a joint. 
 
 ©s'te-in, or ©s'te-ine. [From torzov, 
 a “bone.”] A name for bony tissue, or 
 the animal matter of bone. 
 
 ©s-te-i'tis, or ©s-ti'tis, i dis.% [From 
 07TZOJ, a “bone.”] Inflammation of the 
 substance of a bone. 
 
 Os-tem'S)ry-0]i,o n)'s. :: [From ojt’zoj, 
 a “bone,” and tpSp oy, a “foetus.”] An 
 osseous or hardened state of the sub- 
 stance of the embr3 T o. 
 
 ©s-tem-py-e'sis.** [From dirzov, a 
 “bone,” and zpirvriaig, “suppuration.”] 
 Abscess or suppuration within a bcnc. 
 ©steo-anaforosis. See Osteonabro- 
 
 SIS. 
 
 ©s'te-o-celc.* [F rom ojtzov, a “ bone,” 
 and sr'iXn, a “tumor.”] The osseous or 
 cartilaginous substance found in old 
 hernial sacs after reduction. 
 
 ©s-te-o-col'la.* [From ottzov, a 
 “bone,” and soXXa, “glue.”] Bone-glue, 
 or bone-cement; a name fora particular 
 carbonate of lime found in Germany, 
 formerly celebrated for promoting the 
 reunion of fractured bones. 
 
 ©s-to-o-floii'tBBio. [From dirbov, a 
 “bone,” and cfen f tinc.] A modification 
 of the fundamental tissue of the teeth, 
 in which the cellular basis is arranged in 
 concentric layers around the vascular 
 
OST 
 
 OST 
 
 canals. It resembles both dentine and 
 bone : hence the name. 
 
 Os-te-o-dyn'i-a.*' [From darcov, a 
 “bone,” and dddvrf, “pain.”] Pain in a 
 bone, especially chronic pain. 
 
 ©s-te-o-ge-net/i-cus.* Bone-gene- 
 rating ; belonging to osteogenesis. 
 
 ©s-te-©-&eii'ic. [Osteogen'icws.] 
 The same as Osteogeneticus. 
 
 ©s-te-og'e-ny. [©*te©gen'esis, or 
 ©steogc'nia; from darcov, a “bone,” 
 and ysvcaig, “generation.”] The forma- 
 tion or growth of bones. 
 
 ©s-te-og'ra-plky. [©steogra' pltoaa s 
 from darcov, a “bone,” and ypfyco, to “de- 
 scribe.”] A description of the bones. 
 
 ©s'te-oM. [©steoi'des; from darcov, 
 a “bone,” and elfo;, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling bone. Applied by Virchow to “ soft, 
 uncalcified, osseous tissue;” that is, os- 
 seous tissue previous to the deposition 
 of calcareous matter. 
 
 ©s-te-ol'o-gy- [©steolo'giia; from 
 darcov, a “bone,” and \6yog, a “ discourse.”] 
 That branch of Anatomy which treats of 
 the bones. 
 
 ©s-te-o'ima, a tis.% [From darcov, a 
 “bone.”] A tumor of a bone: an oste- 
 ome. See Osteoncus. 
 
 ©steoflinialacia.,* os-te-o-ma-la'- 
 she-a. [From darcov, a “bone,” and 
 paXaKog, “ soft.”] The same as Mollities 
 Ossium, which see. 
 
 ©steo-malacic, os't&Vm&'l£i's&'. The 
 French term for Mollities Ossium. 
 
 ©s-te-o-mc-tato'o-lc.* [From darcov, 
 a “bone,” and ixcra6o\rj, a “change.”] 
 The same as Osteallceosis. 
 
 ©s-te-<a>-Bmy-e-M'tis, i clis.% [From 
 osteomy' clon.~\ Inflammation of the 
 marrow of a bone. 
 
 ©s-te-o-my'e-Smv** or ©s-te-o-my'- 
 e«him. ;;: [From darcov, a “bone,” and 
 pcXog, “marrow.”] The marrow of bones. 
 
 ©s'te-on-a-lbro'sis,* or ©s'te-o- 
 Asa-a-foro'sis.* [From darcov, a “bone,” 
 and avaSpwaig, “consumption,” or “ab- 
 sorption.”] A term applied to the sim- 
 ple absorption of bone, such as occurs in 
 the removal of the milk-teeth. 
 
 ©s-te-on'cnas.* [From darcov , a 
 “bone,” and oysog, a “tumor.”] Tumor 
 of a bone. See Exostosis. 
 
 ©s'tte-o-iae-cr© '*£*.* [From darcov , 
 a “bone,” and vcKpooaig, “death.”] Ne- 
 crosis, or death, of a bone. 
 
 ©s-te-o-pse 'di-om,* or ©s-te-o-pse'- 
 cli-um.* [From darcov , a “bone,” and 
 rraig, naiSog, an “infant.”] An ossified 
 foetus. See Ostembryon. 
 
 ©s-te-o-pliy'm^, at is* [From darcov, 
 
 a “bone,” and <pvpa, a “tumor,” or 
 “swelling.”] The same as Osteoncus. 
 
 Os'te-o-ph t yte. [©Nteoph yton, or 
 ©steopli ytum; from darcov, a “bone,” 
 and (pvco, to “ produce.”] An osseous tumor. 
 See Osteoncus. 
 
 ©s-te-o-po-ro'sis.* [From darcov , 
 a “bone,” and rrdpog, a “passage,” or 
 “pore.”] A morbid porosity of the 
 bones. 
 
 ©ste-o-sar-eo'ma.* [From darcov, 
 a “bone,” and adpl, “flesh.”] A fleshy, 
 medullary, or cartilaginous mass grow- 
 ing within a bone, causing at first an 
 enlargement, and at length partially ab- 
 sorbing it, or causing it to fracture. 
 
 ©ste-o-sar-co'sis.*** The progress 
 or formation of osteosarcoma. 
 
 ©s'te-o-s^en-o-gra'plil-a.* [From 
 darcov, a “bone,” and oKrpoypcupia, the 
 “art of scene-painting.”] The repre- 
 sentation of the bones, or skeleton. 
 
 ©s-te-o-scir'rltus.* [From darcov, 
 a “bone,” and aKifpog, an “indurated tu- 
 mor.”] Scirrhus of a bone. 
 
 ©s-te-o'si*.* The same as Osteo- 
 geny, which see. 
 
 ©s te-o-to-mis'ta.* [From darcov, a 
 “bone,” and rcpvw, to “cut.”] An in- 
 strument for breaking down the bones 
 of the child in impracticable labors. 
 
 ©s-te-ot'o-Emis.* [From, the same.] 
 An instrument for cutting through 
 bones; an osteotome. 
 
 ©s-te-©t'©-my. [©steoto'mia : 
 from the same.] The part of Anatomy 
 which relates to the dissection of bones. 
 
 ©s-te-ot'o-pEms.* [From darcov, a 
 “bone,” and rc<pog, a loose kind of stone.] 
 A bony excrescence. 
 
 ©st-liex'i-a.* [From darcov, a 
 
 “bone,” and e%tg, a “habit.”] Ossific 
 diathesis; ossification. 
 
 ©s- Tirana*.* The orifice of the 
 womb. See Uterus. 
 
 ©stats*. See Osteitis. 
 
 ©s'ti-uim.* [From os, o’ris, a 
 “mouth.”] Originally, a “ door;” also, 
 the “mouth of a river.” Applied to any 
 opening, but particularly to that between 
 the auricle and ventricle of the heart. 
 
 ©s'tium Ab-dom-i-na'le.* (“Ab- 
 dominal Opening.”) The orifice at the 
 fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian 
 tube, — the only place in the whole body 
 where a serous membrane communicates 
 with the exterior. 
 
 ©s-tra-co-i 'des. - [From dorpatcov, a 
 “shell,” and c7£og, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling a shell: ostracoid. 
 
 ©s-tra-co'sis.* [From oarpaxov, a 
 
 383 
 
OST 
 
 OTO 
 
 "shell.”] The desiccation and conver- 
 sion of parts of bone, especially of the 
 cranium, into a substance like oyster- 
 shell. 
 
 ©s'tre-a.* [Gr. oorpeov, from oarpaKov, a 
 "shell;” Fr. Unit re, w6tR.] The oyster; 
 a genus of the Ostracea. 
 
 Os'trea E-du'lis.* ("Edible Oys- 
 ter.”) The common oyster, the shells of 
 which are used medicinally. 
 
 ©s-tre-a'ceous. [©strea'ceus; 
 from os'trea, an " oyster.”] Having the 
 form of a bivalve shell. 
 
 ©s'tre-se,* gen. Os-tre-a'rum. The 
 plural of Ostrea, which see. 
 
 ©s'trich. [Gr. orpojfloj.] The larg- 
 est known bird, and the type of the Cur- 
 sorial or Struthious order. Ostriches 
 abound in the sandy deserts of Arabia 
 and Africa. 
 
 -Osus. A Latin termination usually 
 denoting "fulness,” or "abundance;” as, 
 va8culo8U8, "full of vessels,” or "abound- 
 ing in vessels.” 
 
 ©s-U'te-ri.* ("Mouth of the Ute- 
 rus.”) See Uterus. 
 
 O-tal'gi-a.* [From ovg, urog, the 
 "ear,” and aXyog, "pain.”] Otal'gy; pain 
 in the ear; ear-ache. It has been dis- 
 tinguished into external and internal , ac- 
 cording as it affects the meatus audi- 
 torius, or the cavity of the tympanum. 
 See Otitis. 
 
 O-tal'gic. [©tal'gicus.] Belonging 
 to otalgia. 
 
 ©■ten'ehy-tes . 5 [From ovg, <brog, 
 the "ear,” and eyxvco, to "pour in.”] 
 A syringe for the ears. 
 
 ©th-el-co'sis.* [From ovg, the "ear,” 
 and eXxog, an " ulcer.”] Suppuration of 
 the ears. 
 
 ©t-I-at'rics. [Otiat'ricas fromoSj, 
 the "ear,” and iarpixog , "belonging to 
 medicine.”] The consideration of the 
 nature and principles of the treatment 
 of the ear. 
 
 ©t'l-cus.* [From ovg, the "ear.”] 
 (Fr. Otique, o't£k'.) Belonging to the 
 ear; auricular. Applied to medicines, etc. 
 
 ©-ti'tis, i dis* [From ou$, (brog, the 
 "ear.”] Inflammation of the ear. It is 
 said to be external when confined chiefly 
 to the meatus auditorius ; internal , if the 
 internal ear is effected. 
 
 ©t-o-blen-nor-rlioe'a.* [From ovg, 
 the "ear,” (iXtwa , "mucus,” and peoj, to 
 "flow.”] Mucous discharge from the 
 ear. 
 
 ©t-o-ca-tar'rhus.* [From ovj, the 
 "ear,” and xarappoog , a " defluxion.”] 
 Catarrh of the ear. 
 
 384 
 
 ©t'o-crane. [©tocra'nia ; from 
 
 ovg, the "ear,” and xpavov, the "head.”] 
 The cavity for the reception of the os- 
 seous or cartilaginous immediate capsule 
 of the labyrinth of the ear. 
 
 ©t-o-cra'ni-al. [©tocrania'lis.] 
 Belonging to the otocrane. 
 
 © t-o-d yn ' l-a. ^ [From ovg , the "ear,” 
 and odvi/ri, “ pain.”] Pain, more especially 
 chronic pain, in the ear. 
 
 ©t-o-dyn bcus. :: Belonging to oto- 
 dynia. 
 
 ©t-o-gan'g’li-on,* or ©t-o-gan glv 
 
 [From ovg, the "ear,” and yay- 
 yXiov, a "ganglion.”] The auricular gan- 
 glion. 
 
 ©t-o-grapb'i-cal. [©tog-rapb'i- 
 
 cus.] Belonging to otograph} r . 
 
 ©•tog'ra*phy. [©tog'ra'pfiia ; 
 
 from ouf. CiTog, the "ear,” and ypaQoo, to 
 "write.”] A description of the ear. 
 
 ©t-o-log 1-cal. [©tolog'icus.] Be- 
 longing to otology. 
 
 ©-tol'o-gy. [©tolo'gia; from ovg, 
 c ordg, the "ear,” and XOyog, a "speech.”] 
 A treatise on the ear; the science of the 
 ear. 
 
 ©t-o-ne«-rar£i-a.* [From ovg, the 
 "ear,” and neural' gia."] Nervous pain 
 of the ear. 
 
 ©t-o-neu-ral'gic. [©toneural'gi- 
 
 CMS.] Belonging to otoneuralgia. 
 
 ©t-o-ptilegr'ino-ne.* [From ovg, the 
 "ear,” and yXeypoinj , "inflammation.”] 
 The same as Otitis. 
 
 ©t-o-pho'ne.* [From ou$. the " ear,” 
 and (pojvri, a "voice,” a "sound.”] An 
 ear-trumpet. 
 
 ©t-o-plas'tic. [©toplas'ticns.] 
 
 Belonging to otoplasty. 
 
 ©t'o-plas-ty. [©toplas'tia, or 
 ©toplas'tice: from ovg, the "ear,” and 
 TtXio’O'co, to "form.”] An operation by 
 which lesions of the ear are repaired by 
 having recourse to a sound portion of 
 the contiguous integument. 
 
 ©t-o-py-or-rhee 'a.* [From ovg, <br6g, 
 the "ear,” irvov, "pus,” and peco, to 
 "flow.”] Purulent otorrhcea, or a dis- 
 charge of pus from the ear. 
 
 ©t-o-py-o'sis. ;;: [From ovg, the 
 
 "ear,” and irvov, "pus.”] Purulent dis- 
 charge from the ear. 
 
 ©t-or-rba'&i-a.* [From ovg, the 
 
 "car,” and ^nyvvpi, to "burst forth.”] 
 
 A sudden discharge of blood from the 
 
 ear. 
 
 ©t-or-rtia&'I-cus.* Belonging to 
 
 otorrhagia. 
 
 ©t-or-rheii-ma-tis'inns.* [From 
 ov>, the "ear,” and pevpanopdg, "rheuma- 
 
OTO 
 
 OVU 
 
 tism.”] Rheumatic pain of the ear; 
 ear-ache. 
 
 ©t-or-rlioe'a.* [From ovg, the “ear,” 
 and picj, to “flow.”] A flow or running 
 from the ear. 
 
 ©t 'o-scope. [©tos'copus ; from 
 ovg, the “ ear,” and axoncu), to “ examine,” to 
 “explore.”] An instrument for listening 
 to the sound of air passed through the 
 tympanic cavity in certain morbid con- 
 ditions of the ear. 
 
 ©t-o-scop'ic. [Otoscop'icus.] Be- 
 longing to the otoscope. 
 
 ©toscopium. See Otoscope. 
 O-tos'te-al. [©tostea'lis ; from 
 ovg, the “ear,” and oa-rkov , a “bone.”] 
 Applied by Owen to the homologues of 
 the ossicles of the ear. 
 
 O-tot'o-Eiiy. [©toto'mia; from ovg, 
 the “ear,” and repvoj, to “cut.”] Dis- 
 section of the ear. 
 
 Otto of Roses. See Attar of Roses. 
 ©ulorrliagia. See Ulorrhagia. 
 
 O urology, or Ourologia. See 
 
 Urology. 
 
 ©uroscopia. See Uroscopy. 
 
 -Ous. A terminal used in Chemistry, 
 and denoting a smaller quantity of oxy- 
 gen in a compound than in the corre- 
 sponding one the name of which ends in 
 -ic. Compare nitric, nitrous , sulphuric, 
 sulphurous, etc. 
 
 Ov. = O'vum.* “An egg.” 
 
 ©'va,* the plural of Ovum, which see. 
 ©vaire. See Ovarium. 
 
 O'val. [©va'lis; from o'vum , an 
 “egg.”] Broadly elliptical, resembling 
 the longitudinal section of an egg; egg- 
 shaped. 
 
 O-val-i-fo'li-ws.* [From ova'lis , 
 “oval,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Having 
 oval leaves: ovalifo'lious. 
 
 ©-va-ri-al'gi-a.* [From ova'rium , 
 an “ovary,” and liXyog, “pain.”] Pain 
 in the ovary. 
 
 ©-va-rl-al'gic. [Ovarial'gicus.] 
 
 Belonging to ovarialgia. 
 
 O-va'rl-an. [©varia'nus.] Be- 
 longing to the ovary. 
 
 ©-va-ri'tis, Idis* [From ova'rium , 
 an “ovary.”] Inflammation of the 
 ovary or its membranes. 
 
 © va-ry. [©va'rium: from o'vum , 
 an “egg,” or “ovule,” and -a'rium, a 
 termination signifying “the place of 
 any thing.” Compare Herbarium, etc.] 
 Literally, “the place of the ova.” (Fr. 
 Ovaire, o'veR'.) A flat, oval body, con- 
 nected with the uterus by the broad 
 ligament, one on each side, and contain- 
 ing a number of vesicles, or ova. Also, 
 33 * 
 
 the germen, or lower part of the pistil, 
 containing the ovules of plants. 
 
 O'vate. [©va'tus; from o'vum , an 
 “egg.”] Egg-shaped; or resembling 
 the longitudinal section of an egg. In 
 reference to leaves, it has the latter 
 meaning. 
 
 ©-vat-I-fo'li-us.* [From ova'tus, 
 “ovate,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] The 
 same as Ovalifolius, which see. 
 
 O'vi-duct. [©viduc'tus ; from 
 
 o'vum, an “ egg,” and cluc'tus, a “ canal.”] 
 The Fallopian tube, which conveys the 
 ovum from the ovary to the uterus. Also 
 applied to the duct or canal which termi- 
 nates in the cloaca of birds and certain 
 other animals. 
 
 O'vi-forin. [©vifor'mis ; from 
 
 o'vum, an “egg.”] Having the shape 
 of an egg; egg-like. 
 
 ©-villus.* [From o' vis, a “sheep.”] 
 Belonging to the sheep. See Adeps 
 Ovillus. 
 
 ©-vi'nus.* [From the same.] Per- 
 taining to sheep: o'vine. 
 
 ©-vip'a-rous. [©vip'arus; from 
 o'vum, an “egg,” and pa'rio, to “bring 
 forth.”] Bringing forth or producing 
 eggs. Applied to animals which pro- 
 duce eggs, instead of bringing forth liv- 
 ing young. 
 
 ©-vl-po-si'tion. [Oviposi'tio, 
 
 o'nis ; from o'vum, an “ egg,” and po'no, 
 pos'itum, to “lay,” to “place.”] The 
 act or process of depositing ova by the 
 females of oviparous animals. 
 
 ©-vl-pos'I-tor.* [From the same.] 
 A projecting apparatus formed by the 
 last annuli of the abdomen in certain 
 insects, for depositing their eggs. 
 
 ©'vis,* plural ©'ves. Sheep. The 
 nameef a genus of domesticated animals, 
 ©visac. See Graafian Follicle. 
 ©'void, [©voi'des; from o'vum, an 
 “egg,” and rifog, a “form.”] Egg- 
 shaped. Applied to s ids. 
 
 ©-vo-vi-vip a-rous. [©vovivip'- 
 arus ; from o'vum, an “ egg,” vi'vus, 
 “living,” and pa'rio, to “bring forth.”] 
 Applied to an oviparous animal in whose 
 body the ova are hatched before they 
 are brought forth. This phenomenon is 
 observed in many reptiles ( e.g . the viper), 
 fishes, certain Mollusca , and various in- 
 sects. 
 
 ©v'u-la,* the plural of Ov'ulum. See 
 Ovule. 
 
 ©v-«-la'ris.* [From ov'ulum , an 
 “ovule.”] Resembling an egg. Applied 
 to the grains of granulated rock, when 
 of the size of a hen's egg. 
 
 385 
 
ovu 
 
 OXY 
 
 Ovulate. . [Ovula'tus.] Having 
 or bearing ovules. 
 
 Ov-u-la'tion. [Ovula'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] A kind of generation 
 consisting in the formation and separa- 
 tion of a membranous sac tilled with 
 nutritious matter from the female, for the 
 reception and nutrition of a germ sepa- 
 rated from the male. 
 
 O'vule. [Ov'ulum ; diminutive of 
 o'vum, an “egg.”] A little egg. Ap- 
 plied in Anatomy to the unimpregnated 
 germ or ovum ; also to the rudimentary 
 seed of a plant, a small body formed in 
 the ovary, which on being fertilized by 
 pollen becomes a seed. 
 
 O'vum,* plural O'va. [Gr. &>bv\ Fr. 
 CEuf, uf.] Literally, “an egg.” Ap- 
 plied to the vesicle of Baer, contained in 
 the Graafian vesicle of the ovary of 
 Mammalia. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the egg of the Pha- 
 sianus gallus, or common domestic fowl. 
 
 Ox. = Ox'ymeJ . * See Oxymel. 
 
 Ox-a^'id. [Oxa^'itlum ; from 
 
 oxyye'nium, “oxygen,” and ag'idum, an 
 “acid.”] Acids that contain oxygen, as 
 distinguished from those formed with 
 chlorine, etc. 
 
 Ox'a-late. [Ox'alas, a'f/s.] A 
 
 combination of oxalic acid with a base. 
 
 Ox'a-lat-ed. [Oxala'tus; from 
 ox' alas, an “oxalate.”] Applied to a 
 base converted into a salt by combina- 
 tion with oxalic acid. 
 
 Ox-al'ic. [Oxal'icus; from ox'a- 
 lis, “sorrel.”] Belonging to wood-sorrel. 
 Applied to a highly poisonous acid ob- 
 tained from it, also from sugar and other 
 substances. It is sometimes called acid 
 or essence of sugar. 
 
 Oxalidacese,* ox-a-le-da'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous plants, found 
 in all the hot and temperate parts of the 
 world. It comprises Ox' alls (Sorrel), 
 which contains nearly pure oxalic acid. 
 
 Ox'a-lis, i clis* [From “sharp,” 
 “sour.”] Sorrel. A Linnaean genus of 
 the class Decandria, natural order Oxali- 
 dacese. 
 
 Ox'alis A-cet-o-sel'Ia.* The syste- 
 matic name for the wood-sorrel. 
 
 Ox-a-Ju'rate. [Oxalu'ras,a7/#.] A 
 
 combination of oxaluric acid with a base. 
 
 Ox-a-lu'ri-a.* [From ox' alas, “ox- 
 alate,” and uri'na, the “urine.”] Ap- 
 plied to a condition in which the/ urine 
 shows the presence of a quantity of ox- 
 alate of lime. 
 
 Ox-a-lu'ric. [Oxalu'ricus ; from 
 oxalu'ria.'] Applied to an acid formed 
 386 
 
 from parabanic acid when brought into 
 contact with bases. 
 
 Ox-i-elilo'rate. [Oxyctilo'ras, 
 
 a'fr#.] A combination of oxichloric acid 
 with a base. 
 
 Ox«i-€hlo'ri(le.[OxychIorMum.] 
 
 Applied to phosgene gas, termed car- 
 bonic oxichloride. 
 
 ©x-i-da-bili-ty. [Oxydabil'itas, 
 
 a 'tis; from ox'ydum, an “ oxide.”] The 
 capability of combining with oxygen. 
 
 ©xi-da-ble. [Oxydab'ilis ; from 
 the same.] Susceptible of combining 
 with oxygen. 
 
 ©x'l-dat-ed. [Oxyda'tus ; from 
 the same.] Combined with oxygen. 
 
 ©x-i-da'tion. [Oxyda'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The combining of a 
 certain quantity of oxygen with metals 
 or other substances. 
 
 Ox ide. [Ox'ydum, or Ox'idum.] 
 A compound of oxygen with a metal or 
 other substance. It is usually applied 
 to those compounds of oxygen which are 
 not acids. 
 
 Ox'i-doid. [Oxydoi'des ; from 
 
 ox'ydum, an “oxide,” and tUog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling an oxide. Applied to oxi- 
 dated bodies which are neither acids nor 
 salifiable bases. 
 
 ©x-id'u-lat-ed. [Oxydula'tus; 
 
 from oxyd'ulum.] Having an inferior 
 degree of oxidation. 
 
 ©x-M-u-Ia'tiou. [Oxydula'tio, 
 o 'nis; from the same.] Inferior oxidation. 
 Ox'i-dum,*gen. Ox'i-di. See Oxide. 
 ©x-im'e-ter. [Oxym'etrum; from 
 ox' y yen, and fxerpou, a “measure.”] A 
 measurer of oxygen. 
 
 ©x-i'o-tline. Iodic acid, a white, 
 transparent solid, obtained by boiling 
 iodine with nitric acid. 
 
 ©x-u'rate. [©xn'ras, a 't/s.] A 
 combination of oxuric acid with a base. 
 
 ©x-u'ric. [Oxu'ricus; from ox'yyen, 
 and u'ric .] Applied to the superoxyge- 
 nated uric acid of Yauquelin. 
 
 Ox'y-a.* [Gr. o£t5a.] A name for 
 the Fa'yus sylvat'ica, or beech-tree. 
 
 ©x-y-a-can'ttius.* [From d£v?, 
 
 “sharp,” and dxavOa, a “thorn.”] Hav- 
 ing numerous sharp thorns. 
 
 Ox-y-ad'e-nus.* [From d£vj, 
 
 “sharp,” and dd)jv, a “gland.”] Having 
 pointed glands. Applied to certain plants. 
 
 Ox-y-aes-tlie'sl-a.* [From d£v>, 
 
 “sharp,” and aiaOnoig, “sense,” or “feel- 
 ing.”] A term for increased sensation. 
 See Oxyaphe. 
 
 Ox-y'a-plie,* or Ox-^-a'phl-a.* 
 
 [From d£t5j, “sharp,” and a<pfi, “touch”] 
 
OXY 
 
 OZO 
 
 Acute sense of touch; excessive sensi- 
 bility of touch. 
 
 Ox-y-blep'sl-?.* [From o£vj, 
 
 “sharp,” and (IXtiroi , to “see.”] Acute 
 sight. See Oxyopia. 
 
 ©x-y-car'pous. [Oxycar'pus; 
 from ofa, “sharp,” and Kapnug, ‘‘fruit.”] 
 Having acuminated fruit or capsules. 
 
 ©x-y-coe'cos.* [From d£t5j, “sour,” 
 or “sharp,” and kukkos, a “berry.”] A 
 name applied to the cranberry-plant 
 (the Vaccin'ium oxycoc'cos , or Oxycoc'- 
 cos pains' tris), on account of the acidity 
 of its fruit. 
 
 Ox-yd'u-lum.* [Diminutive of 
 ox'ydum , an “oxide.”] A body in an 
 inferior degree of oxidation. 
 
 Oxydimi. See Oxide. 
 
 Ox'y-g'en. [Oxygeiiinm ; from 
 “sharp,” or “sour,” and yewau, to 
 “produce.”] (Fr. Oxygene, ok's 6 'zhen' or 
 ok'se'zh&n\) An elementary substance 
 universally diffused throughout nature, 
 being a constituent of atmospheric air, 
 water, most of the acids, and all bodies 
 of the animal and vegetable kingdoms. 
 It is a permanent gas when uncombined, 
 ©xyg-enabilis. See Oxidable. 
 ©x'y-£e-iiat-ecl. [Oxygena'tus.] 
 Combined with oxygen. 
 
 Ox-y-ge-na'tion. [Oxygena'tio, 
 o'nis; from ox'ygen.] Applied to every 
 combination with oxygen : often con- 
 founded with oxidation, but distinct from 
 it, as being of more general import, 
 ©xygfcne. See Oxygen. 
 Ox-y-ge-nom e-triim. The same 
 as Oxymeter, which see. 
 
 ©x'y-mel, el' l is & [From o\v;, 
 
 “acid,” and julAc, “honey.”] A mixture 
 of vinegar and honey boiled to a syrup. 
 
 Ox-y-mu'ri-ate. [©xymu'rias, 
 a'fis.] A combination of oxymuriatic 
 acid with a base. 
 
 Oxymuriate of Ume. See Chlo- 
 ride of Lime. 
 
 Oxymuriate of Mercury. See 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 ©x-y-mu-ri-at'ic A$'id. [A$'i- 
 dnm ©xyinuriat'icuin.] The name 
 applied by Lavoisier to a substance sup- 
 posed to be a compound of muriatic acid 
 and oxygen, but ascertained by Sir H. 
 Davy to be an elementary body, which 
 he termed Chlorine. 
 
 ©x-y-o'pS-a.* [From “sharp,” 
 and oiip, the “eye.”] Unusual acuteness 
 of vision. 
 
 ©x-y-pho'ni-a.* [From 6£v;, “sharp,” 
 or ‘shrill,” and <pojrrj, “voice.”] A shrill 
 
 or squalling voice; a symptom attend- 
 ant on certain morbid conditions of the 
 larynx. 
 
 ©x-y-pliyl'Ius.* [From <5££ s , “ sharp,” 
 and (pv\\oi/ f a “leaf.”] Having acumi- 
 nated leaves. 
 
 ©x-y-sac'clta-rum.* [From ofy, 
 “sharp,” “sour,” and sac'charum , “su- 
 gar.”] A mixture of vinegar and sugar. 
 When it contains squills, it is termed 
 Oxysac' cha rum set i lit' i cum . 
 
 ©x'y-sal, [From ox'ygen , and 
 
 sal, a “salt.”] An oxysalt. See Oxy- 
 salts. 
 
 ©x'y-salts. Applied to certain com- 
 binations in which oxygen is found both 
 in the acid and base. 
 
 ©x-y-surplio-sal.* A combination 
 of an oxysalt and sulphosalt. 
 
 ©x-yt'o-cus.* [From o£vg, “sharp,” 
 “quick,” and tvkos, “childbirth.”] “ Ac- 
 celerating parturition.” Applied to ergot. 
 
 ©x-y-u'rus.* [From 6£vg, “sharp,” 
 and ovpa, the “tail.”] A genus of en- 
 tozoa. 
 
 Oxyu'riis Ver-mic-u-la'ris.* For- 
 merly, the As'caris Vermicula'ris; called 
 “ Thread-Worm ” (from its resemblance to 
 a piece of thread), and also Maw-Worm. A 
 species of small worm, about half an inch 
 in length, having a tail tapering to a sharp 
 point. It is usually found in the rectum, 
 often occasioning an intolerable itching 
 in the anus. The best treatment for this 
 distressing complaint appears to consist 
 in injections containing oil of turpentine. 
 Injections of whale oil have also been 
 found serviceable. 
 
 ©yster. See Ostrea. 
 
 ©ys'ter Shells. The Teslse ostrea - 
 rum, or shells of the Ostrea edulis. 
 
 ©-zse'irn.* [From 0 T 17 , a “stench.”] 
 (Fr. Ozene, o'zen' or o'z&n'.) A foul, 
 stinking ulcer in the inside of the nos- 
 trils, discharging a purulent matter, and 
 sometimes accompanied by caries of the 
 bones. 
 
 ©'ze.* [Gr. 6 '^.] A bad smell from 
 the mouth. The same as Ozostomia. 
 ©z£ne. See Oz^ena. 
 
 ©'zone. [From o\i), a “stench.”] A 
 gaseous substance, the true nature of 
 which is not well known. It is supposed 
 to be a peculiar modification of oxygen. 
 Perhaps a combination of nitrogen and 
 oxygen, or of oxygen and hydrogen, in 
 new proportions. 
 
 ©z-o-sto'ml-a.* [From oCr?, a “stench,” 
 and GTOfui, a “mouth.”] The same as 
 Oze, which see. 
 
 387 
 
PAB 
 
 PAI 
 
 P. 
 
 P. An abbreviation for pugil'lus,* a 
 “handful,” or pars* a “part” or 
 “parts;” also, for pul' vis* “powder,” 
 pon'dere ,* “by weight,” pil'ula ,* 
 “pill” . 
 
 Pab ' u-lum. '- [From pas'co, to “feed.”] 
 Pood: aliment; sustenance. 
 
 Pac-eSii-o ni-se, Glan du-lae.^ Cer- 
 tain small, oval-shaped, fatty eminences 
 under the dura mater and along the 
 sides of the longitudinal sinus. 
 
 Pa-rhonie-truBU.^ [From t: a\vg, 
 “thick,” and pirpo.', a “measure.”] An 
 instrument for measuring the thickness 
 of the glass of mirrors. 
 
 Pik€h>u-lo'sis. $ [From tt a\v\6s, 
 “ somewhat thick or coarse.”] Proposed 
 by E. Wilson as a term for a chronic 
 affection in which the skin is secondarily 
 involved, particularly that of the lower 
 extremities, and the epidermis is pro- 
 duced in abnormal quantity. 
 
 Pacli-y-se'ma, sit is* [From -rraxvp 
 “thick,” and alpa, “blood.”] Thick or 
 curdled blood. 
 
 Pach-y-ai'iiii-a.^ [From the same.] 
 Thickening of the blood. 
 
 Pacli-y-cem'i-ciis.* Belonging to 
 jjachj/semia : pachyem'ic. 
 
 Paeli-y-ie'anus.* [From pachyse'ma , 
 “thick blood.”] Having thick blood. 
 
 Pach-y-bleplh-a-ro'sis.* The for- 
 mation or progress of paehy b lep harum. 
 
 Paeli-y-blepfii'a-rum.* [From xaxvg, 
 “thick,” and .8\ c^apo^, the “eyelid.”] A 
 thickening of the eyelid, particularly to- 
 wards the border, from obstruction of 
 the Meibomian glands. 
 
 Pa(‘li-y-car'iMos. : [From ttoxv;, 
 
 “ thick,” and Kixp-og, “ fruit.”] Having- 
 thick fruit. 
 
 Paeli-y-der'ma-ta,* or Paehy- 
 
 den bis. [From xaxvs, “ thick,” and 
 dsppa, the “ skin.”] An order of Mam- 
 malia, many of which are remarkable 
 for the thickness of their skins. It in- 
 cludes the rhinoceros, the elephant, the 
 tapir, horse, and hog. 
 
 Paeb-y-der'ma- tous. [ Pachyder'- 
 matus; from the same.] Thick-skinned. 
 Applied to an order of animals. 
 
 Pa<*li-5 r -nie'iia-a. :!: * [From Traxvg, 
 “thick,” and ipr/v, a “membrane.”] A 
 thickening of the skin. 
 
 Paeti-y-meii'I-cus.* Belonging to 
 pacht/menia . 
 
 Paeli-y-pliyl'lws.- [From naxvs, 
 
 388 
 
 “thick,” and </>vXX.w, a “leaf.”] Having 
 thick leaves. 
 
 Pacb-y-po'miis.* [From 
 “thick,” and wua, an “operculum.”] 
 Having a thick operculum. Applied to 
 certain plants. 
 
 Paci'ni (pd-chee'ne), (’or'pus-^Ies 
 of, or Pa-£in'i-an Botf'ies. [C'or'po- 
 i-a (or €orpus'cuIa) Pacinia'na^.] 
 
 Numerous, small, pedunculated, whitish 
 bodies, in union with the filaments of 
 the cutaneous nerves of the palm of the 
 hand and sole of the foot : also found on 
 other nerves of the cerebral and spinal 
 systems, and on the great sympathetic 
 or internal ganglionic nerve. 
 
 Pa‘d-a r-tliroc' a- [From r aig r a 
 “ child,” upQpov, a “joint,” and *o/oj, “ vice,” 
 “disease.”] Scrofulous necrosis of the 
 joints in children. Sometimes applied 
 to Spina Yentosa, which see. 
 
 Pseil-a-tro'plii-a.* [From k aig, a 
 “child,” and (irpopia , a “wasting.”] Atro- 
 phy of children. 
 
 Piecl-a-trophi-cias.* Belonging to 
 
 psedatroph ia. 
 
 Pae-di-apEi'tfaa.* [From lradiov, a 
 “little child,” and aph'thaJ] The ajditha, 
 or thrush, of infants. 
 
 IPie-ili-a-tri'a,.- [From ~aTg, a “child,” 
 and iarpua, a “ healing.”] The treatment 
 of diseases of children. 
 
 Pae-«li-at'ri-eifls. ;;: * Belonging to joe- 
 diatria. 
 
 Pae-cloin'e-truicii.-'- [From ra??, a 
 “child,” and perpov, a “measure.”] An 
 instrument for ascertaining the length 
 and other dimensions of infants : a pe- 
 dom'eter. 
 
 Pa^-doai-o-so-lo'g'i-a.'^ [From n aig, 
 
 7 raidog, a “child,” voaog, a “disease,” and 
 \6yo;, a “ discourse.”] A consideration of 
 the diseases of children: pmdonosol'- 
 
 °gy- 
 
 Pa?-<loB»'o-siLis. ::: ' [F rom 7raZV, a “ child,” 
 and votfo;, “ disease.”] A disease peculiar 
 to childhood. 
 
 Pse-dopliflii-sis.* [From tt aig, a 
 “ child,” and (pdiaig, a “ wasting.”] Tabes , 
 or wasting, in children. 
 
 Psed-o-tro'phi-um.* [From naig, a 
 “child,” and rptyco, to “nourish.”] An 
 orphan or foundling hospital. 
 
 Pa&i-na.* Literally, a “page.” Ap- 
 plied in Botany to the surface of a leaf. 
 
 Pal'di-ciu*,* or Psed'I-cus.* [From 
 tolls, a “child.”] Pertaining to children 
 
PAI 
 
 PAL 
 
 Painter's Colic. See Colica Pic- 
 ton um. 
 
 Palaeontograpliia. See Paleontog- 
 
 RAPHY. 
 
 Palseontologia. See Paleontology. 
 
 Pa-lse-o-sau rus.* [From naXcuog, 
 “ancient,” and oaupo >, a “ lizard.”] A 
 fossil lizard. 
 
 Pa-lse-o-the'rl-um.** [From naXaiog, 
 “ ancient, ” and Onpio >, a “ beast.”] The 
 fossil relics of a group of pachyderma- 
 tous animals found in the gypsum-quar- 
 ries near Paris, and in various parts of 
 France. Ten or eleven species are re- 
 cognized, varying from the size of a 
 rhinoceros to that of a hog. 
 
 Palseazoologia. See Paleozoology. 
 
 Palais. See Palatum. 
 
 Palate. See Palatum. 
 
 Palate, Hard. See Palatum Du- 
 rum, 
 
 Palate, Soft. See Palatum Molle. 
 
 Pal' a- tine. [Palati'nus; from 
 pala' turn du'ruin, the “hard palate.”] 
 Relating to the palate-bone. Applied 
 to the palate-bone itself. 
 
 Pal-ador'rha-pliy. [Palatorrlia'- 
 pliia; from pala' turn, the “palate,” and 
 /5a/))7, a “ suture.”] The operation of 
 uniting by suture the cleft palate ; nearly 
 synonymous with Staphylorrhaphy. 
 
 Pa-la' turn.* (Fr. Palais , p&'liP.) 
 The roof of the mouth, or palate. In 
 Botany, an inward projection of the 
 lower lip of a personate corolla. 
 
 Pala tum Du'ruin.** (“ Hard Pal- 
 ate.”) The fore part of the roof of the 
 mouth, formed by the palate-bone. 
 
 Pala' turn Mol le** (“Soft Palate”), 
 called also the Velum Pala'ti* (“Veil, 
 or Curtain, of the Palate”). The soft, 
 movable septum, or fleshy membrane, 
 attached to the posterior part of the 
 palate, and situated between the mouth 
 and the pharynx. 
 
 Pa'le-a. i: * [From Pi'les, the goddess 
 of pasturage.] Chaff*; one of the inner 
 bracts or glumes of grasses, or one of 
 the bracts on the receptacle of Composite. 
 
 Pa-le-a'ceous. [Palea'ceus; from 
 pa'lea, “chaff.”] Chaffy; of the nature 
 or appearance of chaff. 
 
 Pa'le-ar.* [From pa'lea, “chaff,” 
 also the “ wattles” of a fowl.] The dew- 
 lap of oxen : named on account of its 
 supposed resemblance to the wattles of 
 a fowl. See next article. 
 
 Pa'lear Lax'um, i: [From lax'us, 
 “loose.”] The dewlap (which is so named 
 because when the animal grazes it laps 
 the dew), more especially the loose por- 
 
 tion of it; the thick membranous fold 
 which hangs from the throat of the 
 ox. 
 
 Pa'le-I-form. [Paleifor'mis; from 
 pa'lea , “ chaff*.”] Having the appear' 
 ance of chaff. 
 
 Pa-le-ol'o-gy. [Palseolo'gia; from 
 naXcuog, “ancient,” and Xoyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] A discourse on antiquities, or 
 the science of antiquities. 
 
 Pa-le-ou-to-grapli'I-cal. [Palse- 
 ontograpli'icus.] Belonging to palae- 
 ontography. 
 
 Pa-le-on-tog'ra-phy. [Palreoaito- 
 gra'pliia; from naXa:6g, “ancient,” 
 oVra, “beings,” and ypu</>a>, to “write.”] 
 A description or history of organized 
 beings, of which the fossil remains alone 
 are extant. 
 
 Pa- le-on - to-log ' i-cal. [Palseon to- 
 log' icus.] Belonging to paleontology. 
 
 Pa-le-on-tol'o-gy. [Palseoutolo'- 
 gia; from -naXaio g, “ancient,” qjtol , 
 “ beings,” and Xoyog, a “ discourse.”] 
 The science which treats of fossil organic 
 remains. 
 
 Pa-le-o-pSiy-tol'o-gy. [Palseophy- 
 tolo'gia; from -aXatdg, “ancient,” 0vroy, 
 a “ plant,” and X<iyo;, a “ discourse.”] 
 The science which treats of fossil remains 
 of plants. 
 
 Pa-le-o-zo'ic. [Palieozo'icus; from 
 
 7r aXcuog, “ancient,” and ^coo^, an “ani- 
 mal.”] Belonging to fossil animals. 
 Applied to the fossiliferous strata of 
 earlier date than the carboniferous sys- 
 tem and the mountain limestone. 
 
 Pa-le-o-zo-ol o-gy. [Palseozoolo'- 
 gia: from naXaiog, “ ancient,” and zoolo'- 
 (jia, the “science of animals.”] That 
 branch of science which treats of the 
 fossil remains of animals. 
 
 Pal imp-sest. [Pal i mpses ' t us ; 
 
 from ndXiv, “again,” and ipjuo , to “rub,” 
 to “ erase.”] The name given to parch- 
 ment from which one writing was erased 
 to make room for another. Palimpsests 
 were used in the time of Cicero, who 
 mentions them in one of his letters. 
 
 Pal-la di-urn.* [From Pal'las , PaV- 
 ladis, the name of a planet; see Tel- 
 lurium.] A ductile, malleable, and very 
 hard metal, found associated with plati- 
 num, which it resembles in color and 
 lustre. Its specific gravity is about 11.8. 
 
 Pal'li-ate. [From pal'lio , pallia'- 
 turn, to “hide,” or “cloak” (from pal' lium, 
 a “cloak”).] Originally, to “cloak,” or 
 “hide,” as a fault: hence, to soften, or 
 mitigate. See next article. 
 
 Pal li-a-tive. [Palliati'vus : from 
 389 
 
PAL 
 
 PAL 
 
 the same.] Relieving, but not radically 
 curative ; assuaging ; mitigating. 
 
 Pal-li-di-flo'rus.* [From pal'lidus, 
 “pale,” and Jios, a “flower.”] Having 
 flowers of a pale tint. 
 
 PalSor.* [From pal'leo, to “be 
 pale.”] Paleness ; loss of color. 
 
 Palm Oil. [O leum Pal'mse.] The 
 product of a species of palm-tree, called 
 Elais Guineensis. 
 
 Pal'ma,* gen. Pal'mse. [Gr. irakaniq.'] 
 The palm of the hand ; likewise, the hand 
 itself. (See Thenar.) Also, a palm-tree. 
 
 Pal ma CSiris'ti.* A name for the 
 Piy'inus commu'nis, or castor-oil plant. 
 
 Palmaceay* pal-ma'she-e [from 
 Pal’ma , a “palm-tree”], or Pal'ina?.* 
 A natural order of endogenous trees of 
 great beauty and value, which impart a 
 peculiar character of grandeur to tropi- 
 cal landscapes. They are found mostly 
 between 35° South and 40° North lati- 
 tude. Among the products of this order 
 are palm wine, palm oil, sugar, sago, 
 dates, cocoanuts, timber, thread, and the 
 intoxicating betel-nut. According to 
 Humboldt, it also produces flour and salt. 
 It includes the Phoenix (Date Palm), 
 Elais, Cocos, and other kinds of palm. 
 
 Pal-ma'ceous. [Palma'eeus; from 
 Pal'ma, the “ palm-tree.”] Resembling 
 the palm-tree. 
 
 Pal'mse,* the plural of Pal'ma, form- 
 ing the Jussieuan name of a natural 
 order of plants. See Palmaceal 
 
 Pal mar. [Lat. Palma'ris, from 
 pal'ma, “palm;” Fr. Palmaire, pai'meR'.] 
 Belonging to the palm of the hand. 
 
 Pal' mar Arcli. Applied to each of 
 two arches formed by the natural dis- 
 tribution of the blood-vessels in the 
 palm of the hand; the deep, formed by 
 the radial artery ; and the superficial, by 
 the ulnar artery. 
 
 Pal-ma'ris Bre'vis.* (“ Short Pal- 
 mar [Muscle].”) A muscle arising from 
 the annular ligament of the wrist, and 
 the palmar aponeurosis, and inserted into 
 the integuments of the palm of the hand. 
 It is sometimes called palmaris cutaneus, 
 or “cutaneous palmar [muscle].” 
 
 Palma'ris Lon gus. :i: (“ Long Pal- 
 mar [Muscle].”) A muscle arising from 
 the inner condyle of the os humeri and 
 spread out into the palmar aponeurosis, 
 which is finally attached to the roots of 
 all the fingers. It is a flexor of the 
 wrist. 
 
 Palma'ris Mag'nus. :} (“Large 
 Palmar [Muscle].”) A muscle which 
 arises from the internal condyle of the 
 390 
 
 humerus, and is inserted into the second 
 metacarpal bone. It bends the hand 
 and forearm. 
 
 Pal mate. [Palma'tus ; from pal'- 
 ma, the “hand.”] Shaped like a hand; 
 resembling a hand with the fingers 
 spread. A palmate leaf is lobed or di- 
 vided so that the sinuses all point to the 
 apex of the petiole, as the leaves of the 
 maple. 
 
 Pal'mate. [Pal mas, a '?/*.] A 
 combination of palmic acid with a base. 
 
 Pal'mate-ly Compound. The 
 
 same as Digitate. 
 
 Palmately-Lobed. [Palmati-lo- 
 
 ba'tus ; from jjalma' tus, “ palmate,” and 
 loba'tus,“ lobed.”] Applied to palmately- 
 veined leaves which are lobate. 
 
 Pal'mately-Part'ed. [Palmati- 
 parti'tus; from palma'tus, “palmate,” 
 and pjarti'tus , “parted.”] Parted as 
 palmately-veined leaves the sinuses of 
 which reach almost to the base. 
 
 Pal'mately-Veined. The same as 
 Radiated-Veined, which see. 
 
 Pal-mat'i-tici. [Palmatif'idus; 
 from palma'tus, “palmate,” and fin' do, to 
 “ cleave.”] Palmately-cleft. Applied to 
 leaves. 
 
 Pal-mat-i-filo'rus.* [From palma'- 
 tus, “palmate,” and fios, a “flower.”] 
 Applied to heads composed of flowers 
 with palmated corols. 
 
 Pal-ma-ti-fo'lfi-ous. [Palinatifo'- 
 lius; from palma'tus, “palmate,” and 
 fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Having palmated 
 leaves. 
 
 Pal-mat l-form. [Palmatilor'- 
 
 mis; ixova palma'tus, “ palmate.”] Hav- 
 ing the form (or resemblance) of some- 
 thing palmate; somewhat palmate. 
 
 Pal-mat i-sect. [Palmatisec'tus ; 
 from palma'tus, “ palmate,” and sec'tus, 
 “cut.”] Palmately-divided. Applied to 
 a palmately-veined leaf when the in- 
 cisions reach to the base. 
 
 Palmatus. See Palmate. 
 
 Pal-mic'o-lus.* [From pal'ma, the 
 “palm-tree,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] 
 Growing on the palm-tree. Applied to 
 plants. 
 
 Pal-mif 'er-ous. [Palmif 'orus ; 
 
 from pal'ma, a “ palm-tree,” and fie'ro, 
 to “ bear.”] Bearing palms. 
 
 Pal-mi-fo'll-us.* The same as Pal- 
 mati folio us, which see. 
 
 Pal-mi-l‘or'mis.* The same as Pal- 
 matiformis, which see. 
 
 Pal-mi-ner'vis.* [From pal'ma, a 
 “palm,” or “hand,” and ner'vus, a 
 “ nerve.”] A term sometimes applied 
 
PAL 
 
 PAN 
 
 to radiated-veined leaves : palininer'- 
 vate. 
 
 PAl'mi-ped. [Pal'mipes, p'e^'s; 
 from paVma, a “palm,” or “ hand/’ and 
 pes, a "foot.”] Having palmated feet; 
 web-footed. 
 
 Pal-mipe-des.* [The plural of 
 Pal'mipes, which see.] A name for an 
 order of birds; also called Natatores. 
 
 Pal mu-la. : [Diminutive of pal’ma, 
 a “palm.”] Literally, “a little hand,” 
 or “little palm.” Applied to the flat 
 broad end of a rib, like the leaf of a palm : 
 pal'mule. Also, the Dactylus , or date. 
 
 Pal-mu-la' tus,* [From pal'mulaJ] 
 Having palmules. 
 
 PalodeVaca,p5,'lod^ vd'ki. (“ Cow- 
 tree.”) The Spanish name of the Gcilac- 
 toden'dron U'tile, a tree which produces 
 an agreeable and nutritious milky sap, 
 called vegetable milk. It is a native of 
 Venezuela. 
 
 Pal-pa'lis,* Pal-pa 'tans.* [From 
 pal' pus, a “feeler.”] Having palpi: 
 pal'pal: pal'pate. 
 
 Pal-pa'tton. [Palpa'tio, o 'nis; 
 from paVpo , palpa'tnm, to “ handle 
 gently,” to “ feel.”] Examination by 
 the hand, or touch. See Exploration. 
 
 P&l'pe-bra,* plural Pal'pe-bwe. 
 (Fr. Paupitre , po'pe-en'.) The eyelid. 
 
 Fal'pe-brac,* gen. Pal-pe-bra'rmn, 
 the plural of Palpebra, which see. 
 
 Pal'pe-bral. [Palpebra'lis.] Be- 
 longing to the eyelid. 
 
 Pal'pe-brate. [Palpebra' tus ; from 
 paVpebra , the “eyelid.”] Having pal- 
 pebrse. 
 
 gen. Pal-po'rwm, the plural 
 of Palpus, which see. 
 
 Pal-pif 'endows. [Pallpif 'eriis; from 
 pal' pus, a “ feeler,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing or having palpi. 
 
 Pal 'pi-form. [PaSpifor'mis ; from 
 pal' pus, a “ feeler.”] Having the form 
 of a palpus. 
 
 Pa!-p£g'er-us.** [From pal' pus, a 
 “ feeler,” and ge'ro, to “ bear.”] The 
 same as Palpiferous, which see. 
 
 Pal-2M-ta'ti<m. [Palpita'ti®, o 'nis; 
 from pal'pito, palpita'tum, to “throb.”] 
 Convulsive motion of a part. Applied 
 especially to the rapid action of the 
 heart. A genus of the order class 
 Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Palpus,- plural Pal 'pi. [From 
 pal'po, to “ feel,” or “ touch.”] A feeler. 
 Applied to the articulated filaments at- 
 ..ached to the jaws or lower lip of certain 
 Crust acese, Arachnides, and Insect a, ap- 
 parently employed by the animal in 
 
 recognizing its food. The palpus must 
 not be confounded with the antenna > 
 also termed a feeler. See Antenna. 
 
 Palsy. See Paralysis. 
 
 Pa-lu-dic'o-lus.* [From pa’lul. 
 palu'dii , a “marsh,” or “stagnant wa- 
 ter,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] Growing 
 or living on the margins of ponds in 
 marshy grounds. 
 
 Pa-Sji(!ose. [Paludo'sus; from 
 pa' lus, a “ marsh,” or “ stagnant water.”] 
 Marshy, or fenny; growing or living in 
 marshes. 
 
 Pa-lus'trinc. [From the same.] The 
 same as Paludose, which see. 
 
 Pam-pin'i-form. [Pampinifor'- 
 uiis ; from pam'jiinus, a “tender shoot,” 
 or “tendril of a vine.”] Having the 
 appearance of a tendril. 
 
 Pan-a-^e'a.* [Gr. navaKeia ; from nag, 
 “all,” and dKzopai, to “cure.”] A pre- 
 tended remedy for every disease. 
 
 Paaaaeea Lapsonmi. Sec Arnica 
 Montana. 
 
 Pa-usi'clo, or Pa-na'da. [From pa’ - 
 nis, “bread.”] Bread boiled in water to 
 a pulpy consistence. 
 
 Pa ' bi ax.* Ginseng. The Pharma- 
 copoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
 the Pa’nax quin que/o' Hum. It is an 
 aromatic stimulant, and is prized by the 
 Chinese for its supposed power of in- 
 creasing virility. 
 
 Pail'cre-as, a tisN [From nag, navrbg, 
 “all,” and Kpeag, “flesh.”] A long, flat, 
 glandular viscus in the epigastric region, 
 somewhat resembling a dog’s tongue. 
 The sweet-bread in the lower animals. 
 
 Pan-cre-a-tal'g'I-a.* [From ndy- 
 xpeag, the “ pancreas,” and a\yog, “ pain.”] 
 Pain in the pancreas: pan'creatalgy. 
 
 Pan-cre-at'ic. [Paucreaticus.] 
 Belonging to the pancreas. 
 
 Paaiereat'ic Poet. The duct formed 
 by the union of the numerous excretory 
 ducts proceeding from the lobules of the 
 pancreas. 
 
 Panereat/ie JFoice. The peculiar 
 
 fluid secreted by the pancreas. 
 
 Paai-cre-a-ti'tis, i dis* [From 
 creas .] Inflammation of the pancreas. 
 
 Paai-cre-a-ton 'cos.* [From nay Kpeag, 
 and dyicog, a “tumor.”] A hard tumor 
 of the pancreas. 
 
 Pandauacese, * p a n - d a-n a ' sh e- e . 
 [From Pan’danns, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of endogenous trees or 
 shrubs, found in tropical regions. It irn- 
 cludes the Carludovi'ca , from the leaves 
 of which Panama hats are made. 
 
 Pan-de'mi-a.* [From ndg, “all,” 
 
 391 
 
PAN 
 
 PAP 
 
 and 6i)uog, the “people.”] A disease 
 which affects the people of a country 
 generally. See Epidemic. 
 
 Pan-dem sc. [Pamiem'icas; from 
 the same.] The same as Epidemic. 
 
 Paii-<lic-u-lla tiou. [PaaMiaeula - 
 ti©, ©'ms; from pandic' uUtr, pandicula ' - 
 tus, to “stretch,” to “yawn.”] The act 
 of yawning or gaping. 
 
 Pan-<lu ri-form. [Pandurifor'- 
 mis; from pa ndu'ra, a “musical instru- 
 ment,” a “ violin”?] Resembling a vio- 
 lin : fiddle-shaped. 
 
 Paugiaeese, * pan-je-a'she-5. [From 
 Punyium, one of the genera.] A small 
 natural order of exogenous trees, found 
 in the hotter parts of India. They are 
 all poisonous. 
 
 Pan'I-cle. [Panic'nla? diminutive 
 of pa' nun, the “woof wound on the 
 quill in the shuttle.”] A form of inflo- 
 rescence ; a raceme the branches of which 
 bear each more than one flower. 
 
 Pa-uic'u-late. [Panicula'tus.] 
 Having panicles. 
 
 Pau-ic-u-li-f©r'mis.* [From pa- 
 nic' ula, a “ panicle.”] Having the form 
 of a panicle. 
 
 Pa'nis.* (Fr. Pain, paN«.) A Latin 
 term signifying “bread.” It occurs in 
 the following phrases: — Pa'nis tritig' eus, 
 “ wheaten bread ;” mi' ca pa'nis, a “crumb 
 of bread ;” jia'nis tos'tus, “ toasted bread,” 
 for making toast-water; pa'nis furf ura' - 
 ecus, “ bran-bread pa'nis biscoc'tus 
 (i.e. “twice-baked”), “biscuit;” pa'nis 
 nau'ticus, “ sea bread or biscuit.” 
 
 Pan-nic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of - 
 pan' nus, “cloth.”] A pan'nicule. Ori- 
 ginally, a “small cloth,” or “piece of 
 cloth.” Usually applied to a membrane 
 or covering; but sometimes to a disease 
 of the eye. See Pannus. 
 
 Pan nic' ulus AtM*j)o'sns. :i: Adi- 
 pose membrane. 
 
 Pannic'ulus Cor'dis.* (“ Covering 
 of the Heart.”) See Pericardium. 
 
 Pan' ill-form. [Pannlfor'mis ; 
 
 from pan'nus, “cloth.”] Applied to 
 parts of a spongy, thick substance, as 
 certain lichens. 
 
 Pan'nus,* or Pan'num.* [From 
 nluo;, a “ web of cloth.”] Literally, a 
 “ cloth,” or “ rag.” Sometimes applied to 
 an irregular mark on the skin; also to 
 a thick membranous excrescence, stretch- 
 ing over the cornea. A tent for a wound, 
 or soft rag for covering a wound. 
 
 Pan'nus Ves-I-ca- to ' rl - us.* 
 (“ Blistering Cloth.”) Prepared by di- 
 gesting powder of cantharides in sul- 
 392 
 
 phuric ether, evaporating, and spreading 
 the oily mass which remains, melted 
 with twice its weight of wax, on cloth 
 prepared with waxed plaster. 
 
 Pan-ta-mor ' plii-a.* [From nag, 
 
 iravrdg, “all,” and d[xop(pia , “shapeless- 
 ness.”] Complete deformity. 
 
 Pan-tfa-mor'pBii-cus.* Belonging 
 to pantamorphia: pantamorphic. 
 
 Pan-ta-nen-^e-plia'li-a.* [From 
 nag, “all,” and anencepha'lia , a “defi- 
 ciency of brain.”] Total absence of 
 brain in a monster-foetus. 
 
 Pan-ta^tro'plil-a.* [From nag, 
 
 “ all,” and arpopia, “ want of nourish- 
 
 ment.”] Complete innutrition. 
 
 Paii-tat'ro-plius.* [From nag, 
 
 “all,” and arpo^og, “without nourish- 
 ment.”] Totally without nutrition. 
 
 Pau-zo-o ta-a,* [From nag , “all,” 
 and i&ov, an “ animal.”] See Epizooty. 
 
 Pa-pa'ver,er?s.* (Fr. Pavot, p&' vo'.) 
 The Poppy. A Linnsean genus of the 
 class Polyandria, natural order Papa- 
 veracese . Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 || for the capsules of the Papaver som- 
 niferum. 
 
 Papa 'verAl 'bum.* Another name 
 for the Papaver somni/erum. 
 
 Papaver Er-rat'i-cum.* Another 
 name for the Papaver rhoeas . 
 
 Papa ver Rlsce'as.* The red corn 
 poppy. The juice possesses narcotic pro- 
 perties ; but it is little used as a medicine. 
 
 Papa'ver Som-nif'er-um.* The 
 white poppy, from which opium is ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Papaveracese,* pa-pav-e-ra'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous plants 
 (herbs or shrubs), nearly two-thirds of 
 which are natives of Europe. They are 
 generally narcotic. The order includes 
 the Papa'ver (Poppy), Argemo'ne, and 
 Sanyuina'ria (Blood-root). Opium is 
 the inspissated juice of the Papa’ver 
 somnif'erum. 
 
 Pa-pa v-e- ra ' ceons. [ Pa pavera'- 
 
 ceus: from papa'ver, a “poppy.”] Re- 
 sembling the poppy. Applied to an order 
 of plants. See Papaverace^e. 
 
 Pa-pav'e-rate. [Papav'eras,aV?».] 
 A combination of papaveric acid with a 
 base. The same as Meconate. 
 
 Pa-pav'er-in. [Papaveri'na ; 
 from papa'ver, a “ poppy.”] A new base 
 discovered in opium. 
 
 Pa-paw'. The Car'ica Papa'ya, a tree 
 with a milky juice, containing fibrin in 
 such abundance that the juice bears a 
 remarkable resemblance to animal mat- 
 ter. — (Hoblyn.) The juice and seed are 
 
PAP 
 
 PAR 
 
 considered to possess anthelmintic pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Papayaceae,* pa-pa-ya'she-e. A nat- 
 ural order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
 natives of tropical and temperate re- 
 gions. It includes the Car'ica Papa'ya 
 (Pa paw), the fruit of which is eatable 
 when cooked, and is used as a vermifuge. 
 
 Pa-pil-i-o-na/ceous. [Papilio- 
 na'ceus; from papil'io, a “butterfly.”] 
 Resembling a butterfly, as the flowers 
 of leguminous plants. Applied to a form 
 of polypetalous corolla with five dis- 
 similar petals, as in the pea. 
 
 Pa-pil'la,* plural Pa-pil'l*. [From 
 \ pap'ula , a “pimple.”] Originally, a 
 “pimple.” Usually applied to the minute 
 eminences on various surfaces of the 
 body, consisting of the terminations of 
 nerves with their accompanying vessels, 
 as the papillae of the tongue. 
 
 Pa-pi 1' lay* gen. Pap-il-la'rum, 
 the plural of Papilla, which see. 
 
 Papillae Cir-cum-val-la'tse.* Situ- 
 ated on the dorsum of the tongue, near 
 its root, and forming a row on each side 
 which meets its fellow at the middle 
 line, like the two branches of the letter 
 A. They resemble cones attached by 
 the apex to the bottom of a euj>- shaped 
 depression, and are hence named calyci- 
 formes. This cup-shaped cavity forms 
 a kind of fossa around the papillae, and 
 hence they are called circumvullatae ( i.e . 
 “fortified around”). 
 
 Papillae Med-ul-la'res.* (“Me- 
 dullary Papillae.”) Small eminences on 
 the Medulla oblongata . 
 
 Papillae Re Is is.* (“ Papillae of the 
 Kidney.”) Applied to the apices of the 
 Tubuli uriniferi of the kidney, arranged 
 into eight or ten conical fasciculi ; called 
 also papillary caruncles. 
 
 Pap'il-la-ry. [Papillaris; from 
 papiVla .] Belonging to the nipple. 
 
 Papillary Ca-run'cles. A name 
 for the Papillae reuis. 
 
 Pap'il-late. [Papilla'tus; from 
 papil'la.] In Botany, bearing small, 
 soft projections. 
 
 Pap-il-lif 'er-ous. [Papillif'erus; 
 
 from papil'la, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing papillae. 
 
 Pa-pi lli-form. [Papillifor 'mis ; 
 
 from papil'la .] Resembling a papilla. 
 
 Pap-i 1-lo'ma,* plural Pap-il-lom'- 
 ft-ta. [From the same.] The name of 
 a tumor arising on the skin, or surface 
 of the body, from a morbid transforma- 
 tion of the papillae. The wart is an ex- 
 ample of this kind. 
 
 34 
 
 Pap-il-lose'o [PapDllo'sus; from 
 
 the same.] The same as Papillate. 
 
 Pap-piff'er-us.* [From pap' pus, 
 “down,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bear- 
 ing down, wool, or hair: pappif'erous. 
 
 Pap-pa-£or mis.* [From pap' pus, 
 “down.”] Having the appearance of a 
 tuft of wool or small feather. 
 
 Pap-pose'. [Pappo'sus; from the 
 same.] Having a pappus; downy. 
 
 Pap' pus.* [Gr. tra-niros, “down of 
 thistles*” etc.] The first downy beard 
 on the cheek or chin. Also, a tuft of hairs 
 attached to the seed of certain plants. 
 
 Pap u-lay* plural Pap'u-la?. [Di- 
 minutive of pa' pa, a “teat.”] A pimple; 
 a round protuberance, soft and full of an 
 aqueous fluid, formed by a little pocket 
 of the epidermis. A small, acuminated, 
 inflamed elevation of the skin ; a wheal. 
 Applied in the plural to an order of 
 Willan’s arrangement of skin-diseases. 
 
 Pap-u-lif 'er-ous. [Papulif 'erus ; 
 from pap'ula, a “pimple,” and fe'ro, to 
 “ bear.”] Bearing or having papulae. 
 
 Pap'u-lous. [Papulo'sus ; from 
 pap'ula, a “pimple.”] Pertaining to 
 pimples: covered with pimples. 
 
 Pap-y-ra'ceous. [Papy ra'ceus ; 
 from Papy'rus, an Egyptian plant; also, 
 “paper.”] Resembling papyrus or 
 paper; having some analogy to paper in 
 thickness and consistence. Applied to 
 many shells. 
 
 ^^-py'ri,* the plural of Papyrus. 
 The name given to the written scrolls 
 made of the papyrus, found in Egj 7 pt, 
 Herculaneum, etc. 
 
 Pa-py rus, ;i: plural Pa-py'ri. The 
 
 Cype'rus Papy'rus. A cyperaceous 
 plant, whose soft, cellular flower-stem af- 
 forded the most ancient material of which 
 paper was made. It was abundant in 
 the valley of the Nile. See Papyri. 
 
 Par ^erv©'rum.*(“ Pair of Nerves.”) 
 See Paria Nervorum. 
 
 Par Ko'nuiu.* (“Ninth Pair.”) An 
 encephalic nerve which sends filaments 
 to the pharynx and portions of the neck, 
 but especially to the tongue, whence it 
 has been variously termed the lingual, 
 gustatory , and hypoglossal nerve. 
 
 Par Oclavuin. See Pneumogas- 
 TRIC. 
 
 Par Primum. See Olfactory 
 
 Nerves. 
 
 Par (tMai tiim. See Pathetic. 
 
 Par Qumguui. See Trigemini. 
 
 Par Secuucium. See Optic Nerve. 
 
 Par §epiimum. See Seventh 
 Pair. 
 
 393 
 
PAR 
 
 PAR 
 
 Par Sextum. See Sixth Pair. 
 
 Par Tertium. See Motores Ocu- 
 
 LORUM. 
 
 Par Va'gum.' :? (The. “ Wandering 
 Pair.”) A name of the eighth pair of 
 nerves. See Pneumogastric. 
 
 Pa ra (napa). A Greek preposition, 
 signifying “from or by the side of;” 
 “near;” “beyond.” When combined 
 with other words, it often signifies 
 “amiss,” or “wrong.” 
 
 Par-a-blas'ta.* [From napa, “be- 
 side,” “from the side of,” and pXaarrj, an 
 “offshoot.”] A sucker or offshoot. Also, 
 disease with anatomical conversion or 
 alteration : a parablast. 
 
 Piir-a-blejVsis.* [From napa, 
 
 “amiss,” and PXsipig, a “looking,” 
 “ vision.”] False vision. 
 
 Pa-rab'o-la.* [Gr. napaSoXrj ; from 
 napaSaXX co, to “ throw beside,” to “place 
 side by side.”] One of the conic sections, 
 formed by the intersection of a cone 
 with a plane parallel to one of its sides. 
 It is the curve which would be described 
 by a projectile in a vacuum. 
 
 Par-a-bys'ma, at is.* [From napa- 
 Svoa, to “stuff.”] Turgescence of a part. 
 
 Par-a-bys'ti-a.* [From the same.] 
 A stuffing in or insertion. 
 
 Par-a-$en-te'sis.* [From napaKsvreu), 
 to “pierce at the side.”] The operation 
 of tapping the thorax, abdomen, etc., to 
 discharge the fluid, as in hydrothorax, 
 ascites , empyema, etc. 
 
 Par-a-cu'sis.* [From napa, “amiss,” 
 “wrong,” and dxovoj, to “hear.”] De- 
 praved or defective hearing. A genus 
 of the order Dyssesthesise, class Locales, 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Paracu'sis I-ma£-i-na'rI-a.* The 
 hearing of imaginary sounds, not exist- 
 ing without, but excited within the ear. 
 
 Paracu sis Im-per-fec'ta.* Deaf- 
 ness, or inability to hear sounds as usual. 
 
 Par-a-^y-e'sis.** [From napa, “be- 
 yond,” and Kvpmg, “ pregnancy.”] Preter- 
 natural or morbid pregnancy. 
 
 Par-jes-the'si-a, i: or Par-ics-the'- 
 sis.* [From napa, “amiss,” “wrong,” 
 and aitr%cnq, “sensation.”] Morbid or 
 depraved sensation. 
 
 Pdr'af-fin, or Par'af-fine. [Par- 
 afli'na; from pa' rum, “little,” and 
 ajjh'nis, “related,” or “inclined to unite.”] 
 A white, crystalline substance, without 
 taste or smell, obtained from petroleum, 
 wood-tar, and other materials. It is 
 solid at the common temperatures, is 
 soluble in alcohol and ether, but resists 
 the action of acids, alkalies, etc. It re- 
 394 
 
 ceives its name from its little affinity for 
 other substances. It is used for making 
 candles, and for various other purposes 
 for which wax is employed. 
 
 Par-a-geu'sis, i: or Par-a-geii si-a. i5 
 [From' napa, “ amiss,” and yevu, to “ taste.”] 
 Morbid or depraved taste. 
 
 Par-a-guay' Tea. The product of 
 the I' lex Paraguay en' sis, a plant grow- 
 ing in South America. The leaves have 
 a balsamic odor and a bitter taste, which 
 is disagreeable to those unaccustomed to 
 it. They are said to contain a principle 
 identical with thecaffein of coffee and tea. 
 
 Par'al-lax. [Parallax'is ; from 
 napdXXa^ig, a “change,” a “difference.”] 
 Literally, a “change.” A change of place, 
 or of aspect. The term is used to denote 
 the difference between the apparent place 
 of a celestial body and its true place, or 
 that in which it would be seen if the 
 observer were placed at the centre to 
 which the motion is referred. — (Brande.) 
 
 Par'al-lel. [Paralle'lus; from 
 napa, “beside,” and dXXiiXuv, “each 
 other.”] Having the same direction, 
 and equally distant from each other in 
 all their extent, as parallel lines. 
 
 Par-al-lel-i-ner'vis^- or Par-al- 
 Iel-I-ner'vI«us.* [From paralle'lus, 
 “parallel,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] 
 Applied to leaves of which the nerves 
 are parallel, or nearly so, as in all endo- 
 genous plants. 
 
 Par-al-lel'o-g-ram. [Parallelo- 
 gram itia ; from napaXXrjXog, “equally 
 distant,” and ypapp u, a “line.”] Any 
 quadrilateral figure whose opposite sides 
 are parallel. 
 
 Par'allel-Veined. [Parallelive- 
 nossis; from paralle'lus, “parallel,” 
 and ve'na, a “vein.”] Applied to leaves 
 which are marked by parallel veins 
 running from the base to the apex. Such 
 leaves are characteristic of endogenous 
 plants. 
 
 Paralyse. See Paralytic. 
 
 Paralysie. See Paralysis. 
 
 Pa-ral'y-sis.* [From napaXvco, to 
 “loosen,” also, to “disable.”] (Fr. Para- 
 lysie, p&'r&'le'zi'.) Palsy. A disease 
 characterized by loss or great diminution 
 of the power of voluntary motion, affect- 
 ing any part of the body. A genus of 
 the order Comata, class Neuroses, of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. 
 
 Paral'ysis A&'I-tans.* The “sha- 
 king palsy.” 
 
 Paralysis Hem-l-pleg'I-ca.* 
 
 Palsy of one half or side of the body. 
 See Hemiplegia. 
 
PAR 
 
 PAR 
 
 Paral'ysis Par-a-ple&'I-ca.* 
 
 Palsy of one half (usually the lower part) 
 of the body. See Paraplegia. 
 
 Paral'ysis Partia'lis* (par-she-a'- 
 lis). “Partial Paralysis.” Palsy of 
 some particular muscle or nerve. 
 
 Paral'ysis Ven-e-na'ta. ;f Palsy 
 from the effects of some poison. 
 
 Par-a-lyt'ic. [Lat. Paraly t'icws ; 
 Fr. Paralyse, pAVAleVA', or Paralytique , 
 pAr&'le'tek'.] Belonging to paralysis, 
 or affected with paralysis. 
 
 Par-a-me'iM-a.** [From irapa, 
 
 “amiss,” and pnveg, the “menses.”] Dis- 
 ordered menstruation. 
 
 Par-a-mor'plii-a.* [From irapa, 
 “amiss,” and pop:^, “form.”] Morbid 
 structure. Applied to organic diseases. 
 
 Par-a-ne-|>Iiri't£s, i clis* [From 
 paran'ephrus.] Inflammation of the 
 suprarenal capsules. 
 
 Pa-rara'e-ptirus.* [From irapa, 
 “beside,” and redpog, the “kidney.”] A 
 name for the suprarenal capsule. 
 
 Ps\r-a-pEii-m©'sis.' :: - [From irapa, 
 “amiss,” and rpipdco, to “bridle.”] A 
 disorder in which the prepuce is con- 
 stricted behind the glans penis and can- 
 not be drawn forward. 
 
 Par-a-phi-mot'i-cws.* Belonging 
 to paraphimosis. 
 
 Par-a-pEio'm-a.* [From irapa, 
 
 “amiss,” or “wrong,” and (poavrj , the 
 “voice.”] Change or alteration of the 
 voice; bad voice. A genus of the order 
 Dyscinesise of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Par-a-plec'ti-cws,* or Pav-a-plec'- 
 tus.* [From irapa, “amiss,” and irXijaaoj, 
 to “strike.”] Paraplectic; stricken on one 
 side; paralyzed; also, frenzy-stricken. 
 
 IPair-a-ple'gi-a.* [Gr. irapairXriyia , a 
 “benumbing of parts;” from irapa, 
 “amiss,” “wrong,” and irXrjvccj, to 
 “strike.”] A paralytic stroke affecting 
 one-half of the body, either the upper or 
 lower, usually the lower; also termed 
 Paralysis paraplegica. 
 
 Pair-a-pleg'ic. [Parapfiegf'icus.] 
 Belonging to paraplegia. 
 
 Par-a-p©pti'y-sis,* plural Par-a- 
 poplh'y-ses. [From irapa, “near,” “be- 
 side,” and dirofvcx), to “be arisen from.”] 
 Applied by Owen to the homologues of 
 the lower transverse process of a ver- 
 tebra. 
 
 Pa-rap'sis.* [From irapa, “amiss,” 
 or “wrong,” and capig, “touch.”] A 
 generic term applied by Dr. Good to the 
 rarious forms of morbid or defective 
 sense of touch. 
 
 Par-a-se-le'ni-a,* or Par-a-se-le'- 
 
 ne.* [From irapa, “beside,” and oeXfivri, 
 the “moon.”] A luminous phenomenon 
 consisting in the appearance of one or 
 more images of the moon. 
 
 Par'a-site. [Lat. Parasi'ta; Gr. 
 irapdaiTog , “ong who lives at another’s 
 expense.”] Applied to a vegetable, or 
 animal, that draws its sustenance from 
 others; the one living on or in the bodies 
 of other animals, the other fixing its 
 roots into other plants. 
 
 Par-a-sit'i-cal. [Parasit'icus ; 
 from parasi'tus , a “sponger,” or “para- 
 site.”] (Fr. Parasitaire, p&'r&'z&'teR'.) 
 Belonging to a parasite : parasitic. 
 
 Par-a-si'tus.* [Gr. irapdoirog, a 
 “sponger,” or “parasite.”] Applied in 
 the plural neuter ( Parasi’ta ) to an order 
 of insects, from their parasitical habits. 
 
 Par-a-spa'di-a.* [Froni7rapa, “from 
 the side,” and cirdo, to “draw.”] An 
 opening of the urethra upon one side of 
 the penis. 
 
 Pa-ras'ta-cEus.* [From irapaarag, a 
 “ series of pillars.”] Applied to the sterile 
 filaments between petals and stamens. 
 
 Par-as-ta-ti'tis.* The same as 
 Prostatitis, which see. 
 
 Par-a-ste'inoM, on/*.* [From irapa, 
 “amiss,” and arrjpw, a “stamen.”] An 
 altered and sterile stamen. 
 
 Par-a-sty'lns.* [From irapa, “near,” 
 and arvXog, a “pillar.”] Applied to parts 
 of the flower which resemble pistils 
 but do not fulfil their functions : a par'- 
 astyle. 
 
 Par-a-sys'to-le.* [From irapa, 
 
 “amiss,” and omroXii, a “ contracting.”] 
 An unusual interval between the pulsa- 
 tions, or between the systole and diastole 
 of the heart and arteries. 
 
 Par-at'o-mous. [Parat'omus ; 
 from irapa, “beside,” and repvcj, to “cut.”] 
 Applied to the cleavage of minerals when 
 the planes are parallel with those of the 
 fundamental figure, or are inclined to the 
 axis. 
 
 Pa-rec'ta-ma, atis.% [From iraptK- 
 Tdvw, to “stretch out.”] Excessive ex- 
 tension. 
 
 Par-ec-taWi-cus.* Belonging to 
 
 parectama : parectamic. 
 
 Pa-rec ' ta-sis.* [From the same.] 
 A stretching out; extension. 
 
 Par-e-gor'ic. [Paregor'icus ; from 
 iraprjyopecx), to “encourage,” to “soothe,” 
 or “ assuage.”] Mitigating or assuaging 
 pain. 
 
 Paregor'ic E-lix'ir. The Tinctura 
 opii camphorata. Also formerly applied 
 to the Tinctura opii ammoniata. 
 
 395 
 
PAR 
 
 PAR 
 
 Pareira (Sp.), p&-ra'r&, or Parei'ra 
 Bra va. The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
 the root of Cissampelos pareira. 
 
 Pareira Brava, p&-ra'r& br§/v&. 
 The Spanish name for the root of Cis- 
 sampelos pareira. 
 
 Par-en-$ep3i-a-li'tis, i dis* [From 
 parenceph' alia, the “ cerebellum.’’] In- 
 flammation of the cerebellum. 
 
 Pa-ren'eiiy-ma, sitis* [From nap- 
 eyxtu, to “pour in beside."’] Originally 
 applied to the mass of tissue lying be- 
 tween the vessels of any organ or part. 
 This mass was supposed to be the result 
 of an effusion of blood or other fluid. 
 Now applied to the connecting tissue of 
 the viscera, considered as distinct from 
 the vessels, ducts, nerves, etc. In Botany 
 it denotes soft, cellular tissue, such as 
 that which forms the green pulp of leaves, 
 and the outer bark of stems. 
 
 Pa-ren-cliy-mat'ic. [Parencliy- 
 inat'icus.] Belonging to parenchyma. 
 
 Par-en-eiiym-a-ti'tis, i dis* [From 
 parenchyma.] Inflammation of the 
 parenchyma. 
 
 Par-en-cSjym'a-tous. [Paren- 
 cliyiii'atiis, or Parenchymato'sus ; 
 
 from the same.] Applied to parts or 
 organs formed of parenchyma. 
 
 Pa-ren-eBiyan-ep-a-ti'tis, ldis.% 
 [From paren'chyma, and hepatitis, “in- 
 flammation of the liver.”] Parenchym- 
 atous inflammation of the liver. 
 
 Par-ep-i-tliym'I-a.* [From napd, 
 “ amiss,” and emOn/xia, a “longing.”] 
 Morbidly changed or depraved desires. 
 
 Par'e-sis.* [From -napiripi , to “relax.”] 
 The paralysis of a part from debility. 
 
 Pa-ret'ic. Belonging to paresis. 
 
 Par-he'll-©n.* [From -n apd, “ near,” 
 and viXtog, the “ sun.”] A mock-sun. A 
 meteor consisting in the simultaneous 
 appearance of one or more faint images 
 of the sun. They are often tinted with 
 prismatic colors. 
 
 Par'i-a Ner-vo'rum.^ (“Pairs of 
 Nerves.”) An appellation especially ap- 
 plied to the cranial or encephalic nerves, 
 of which there are reckoned nine pairs 
 according to some anatomists, and twelve 
 pairs according to others. The first pair 
 is the olfactory, the second the optic, the 
 third the oculo-motor, and so on. The 
 portio mollis of the seventh pair, is by 
 some writers reckoned as the eighth pair ; 
 so the two portions of the pneumogastric, 
 or eighth pair (proper), are considered as 
 two pairs. In like manner, the accessory 
 nerve of Willis, usually reckoned as 
 belonging to the eighth pair, is counted 
 396 
 
 as the eleventh; while the ninth pair 
 (proper) becomes the twelfth. 
 
 Pa'rl-es,* plural Pa-ri e-tes. The 
 sides or walls of any cavity or organ are 
 termed its parietes. 
 
 Pa-ri e-tal. [Parieta'lis ; from 
 pa' vies, a “wall.”] Belonging to the 
 parietes or walls of any cavity, organ, 
 etc. 
 
 Pari'etal Bones. [Os'sa Parie- 
 ta'lia.] The two quadrangular bones 
 forming the transverse arch of the 
 cranium. 
 
 Pa-ri'e-tes,* gen. Pa-ri'e-tum, the 
 
 plural of Paries, which see. 
 
 Par-i-pen'nate, or Par-i-pin'nate. 
 [Paripenna'tus ; from par , “equal,” 
 and pen'na , a “feather,” or “quill.”] 
 Applied to a pennate leaf which has an 
 even number of leaflets, and has none 
 on the very apex of the petiole. 
 
 Paripinnate. See Paripennate. 
 
 Par-istli-mi'tis.* [From v apd, 
 “near,” and iodpog, the “fauces.”] In- 
 flammation about the throat. The squin- 
 cy, or squinancy , of the old writers, and 
 the quinsy, cynanche, or angina, of the 
 moderns. 
 
 Par-oc-cip'i-tal. [Paroccipita '- 
 lis; from napd, “by the side of,” or 
 “near,” and occipita'le os, the “occipital 
 bone.”] Proposed by Owen for the ele- 
 ments of the occipital segment of the 
 cranium, below the supraoccipital. 
 
 Par-o-tlyn'i-a.* [From napa , “ amiss,” 
 or “ wrong,” and odvvn, “ pain.”] Morbid 
 labor. The name of a genus in Good’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Pa-rom'plia-lo-^ele.* [From -n apd, 
 “near,” oppaXog, the “navel,” and KfiXrj, a 
 “tumor.”] Hernia near the navel. 
 
 Par-o-nir'i-jju* [From 7r apd, “ amiss,” 
 and oveipog , a “dream.”] A generic term 
 applied by Dr. Good to morbid dreams, 
 including somnambulism, nocturnal pol- 
 lution, etc. 
 
 Par-o-n yell 'i-a.* [From n apd, 
 
 “near,” and oV>£, the “nail.”] (Fr. 
 Onglade, ^Nfi'gl^d'.) A collection of pus, 
 or an abscess, in the fingers; the disease 
 termed whitlow. The term was originally 
 applied to a tumor situated near or under 
 the nail. 
 
 Par-o-nyeti'i-cus.* Belonging to 
 
 paronychia. 
 
 Pa-rop'sis.* [From napd, “amiss, > 
 and dipig, “vision.”] A generic term ap- 
 plied by Dr. Good to disorders of the 
 sense of vision; false-seeing. 
 
 Par-os 'in is.* [From napd, “amiss,” 
 or “ wrong,” and djy'j, “smell.”] Morbid 
 
PAR 
 
 PAS 
 
 or depraved smell. The name of a genus 
 in Good’s Nosology. 
 
 Pa-ros'ti-a.* [From napd, “ amiss, ” 
 or “wrong,” and dartov, a “bone.”] De- 
 fective ossification. 
 
 Parotia,* pa-ro'she-a. [From paro'- 
 tis, the “parotid gland.”] The same as 
 Parotitis, which see. 
 
 Pjy-rot'id. [Parotide'us, or Pa- 
 rotidaVus; from napd, “near,” and ovg, 
 drog, the “ear.”] Situated near the ear. 
 Applied to a gland. 
 
 Parot id Duct. [Ductus Paro- 
 tide'us.] See Parotid Gland. 
 
 Parot id Gland. [Gian'dula Pa- 
 rotide'a (or Parotidae'a), or Paro - 
 tis.] The large, conglomerate, salivary 
 gland under the ear. Its secretions are 
 discharged through the parotid duct into 
 the mouth, opposite the second superior 
 molar tooth. 
 
 Parotide. See Parotis. 
 
 Parotidean Plexus. See Pes An- 
 SERINUS. 
 
 Par-ot-I-don 'eus.* [From napwrig, 
 the “parotid gland,” and oysog, a “tu- 
 mor.”] Tumor or swelling of the parotid 
 gland, commonly termed the mumps. 
 See Parotitis. 
 
 Par-ot-i-do-seir'rlms.* [From 
 n apcoTig, the “parotid gland,” and atcifpog, 
 an “induration.”] Scirrhous hardening 
 of one or both parotid glands. 
 
 Pa-ro'tis, i clis* [From napd, “near,” 
 and ovg, orog, the “ear.”] (Fr . Parotide, 
 pi'ro't^d'.) The parotid gland, situated 
 under the ear. 
 
 Par-o-ti'tis, i.dis.% [From paro'tis , 
 the “parotid gland.”] Inflammation of 
 the parotid gland, popularly termed the 
 mumps; also called Cynan' che parotide' a. 
 
 Par'ox-ysin. [Paroxys'mus ; 
 from napo^vva), to “ aggravate.”] An evi- 
 dent increase of symptoms, which after 
 a certain time decline; a periodical fit 
 or attack. 
 
 Part, aft*. — Par' tern affec’tam .* “ The 
 part affected.” 
 
 Part, dolent. = Par'tem dolen'tem .* 
 “The part in pain.” 
 
 Par-tiie-no-gen'e-sis.* [From nap- 
 Ozvog, a “virgin,” and yevco, to “be born.”] 
 The successive production of procreating 
 individuals from a single ovum. In 
 Botany, the formation of a perfect seed 
 without the agency of pollen. 
 
 Par'tial Pe'ti-ole. The stalk of a 
 leaflet of a pinnate leaf. 
 
 Par'tial Um'bel. A part of a com- 
 pound umbel ; an umbellet. 
 
 Par'tl-cle. [Partic'ula; diminu- 
 
 34 * 
 
 tive of pars, a “part.”] An atom; a 
 corpuscle; the minutest part into which 
 a body can be mechanically divided. 
 
 Par'tite. [From par'tio , parti' turn, 
 to “part,” or “divide.”] Parted, or 
 divided, as leaves the incisions oi 
 sinuses of which reach almost to the 
 midrib. 
 
 Par-tu'ri-ent. [Fartu'riens, 
 
 en 'tis; from partu'rio , to “travail,” to 
 “ bring forth.”] Bringing forth; child- 
 bearing. 
 
 Par-tu-ri-fa'cient. [From partu'rio, 
 to “bring forth,” and fa'cio, to “cause.”} 
 A medicine which facilitates parturition. 
 
 Par-t u-ri ' tion . [ Part u r i ' t io, o ni s; 
 
 from partu'rio , parturi'tum , to “bring 
 forth.”] (Fr. Accouchement, &'koosh v - 
 mdN Q '.) Expulsion of the foetus from 
 the uterus. Also, the state of being in 
 childbed. 
 
 Par' t us.* [From pci'rio, par' turn, to 
 “bring forth.”] The act of bringing 
 forth young, otherwise called labor; also, 
 the young when brought forth : the birth. 
 
 Part. vie. = Parti' tis vi\'ibus .* “ In 
 
 divided doses.” 
 
 Pa-ru'Iis, i dis.% [From napd, “ near,” 
 or “ by the side of,” and ov\ov, the “ gum.”] 
 Gum-boil. Inflammation, boil, or abscess 
 of the gums. 
 
 Pa-ru'rl-a.* [From napd, “amiss,” 
 and ovpeoj, to “pass urine.”] Mismictu- 
 rition, or difficulty in passing urine. 
 
 Par-Yagum. See Pneumogastric. 
 
 Par-vl-flo'rus.* [From par'vus, 
 “small,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
 small flowers. 
 
 Par-vi-fo'H-us.* [From par'vus , 
 “small,” and fa' Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
 small leaves. 
 
 Pas'sa.* [Nominative singular femi- 
 nine of pas'sus, “ dried in the sunshine.”] 
 Applied to uva, to signify a dried grape 
 or raisin. See Passes. 
 
 Pas'ser,* plural Pas'ser-es. A spar- 
 row. Applied to an order of birds. See 
 Passeres. 
 
 Pas'ser-es* [the plural of Passer, 
 a “sparrow”], otherwise termed Pas-se- 
 ri'nse.* The name of an order of birds 
 of the sparrow kind. They form the most 
 extensive and varied order of birds. 
 
 Passerine. See Passerinus. 
 
 Pas-se-ri'nus.* [From pas'ser, a 
 “sparrow.”] Belonging to the sparrow. 
 Applied in the plural ( Passeri'nse ) to an 
 order of birds otherwise termed Passeres : 
 pas'serine. 
 
 Passifloracese,* pas-se-flo-ra'she-e, 
 or Passiflo'rese.* A natural order of 
 397 
 
PAS 
 
 PAT 
 
 exogenous twining plants with showy 
 flowers, abundant in South America and 
 the Wesn Indies. It includes the Passi- 
 jlo'ra (Passion Flower), the fruit of 
 which is edible. 
 
 Pas-si-tflo re-se.* The Jussieuan 
 name of a natural order of plants. See 
 Passiflorace^e. 
 
 Pas'sio (pash'e-o) Hys-ter'i-ca.* 
 Hysteria , or hysterics. 
 
 Passio Iliaea. See Iliac Passion. 
 
 Passion, Ungovernable. See Em- 
 PATHEMA. 
 
 Passive Mo'tion. Applied to mo- 
 tion caused not by the patient himself, 
 but gently by another person. 
 
 Pas'su-la.* [Diminutive of pas'sa , 
 '‘dried in the sun,” u'va, a "grape,” 
 being understood.] A little dried 
 grape ; a raisin. 
 
 Pas s 11 la Major.* ("Larger Rai- 
 sin.”) The systematic name of the dried 
 fruit of the Vitis vinifera; a raisin. 
 
 Pas-su-la'tns.* [From pas'sula , a 
 "raisin.”] Pas'sulate. Applied to cer- 
 tain medicines of which raisins formed 
 the chief ingredient. 
 
 Pas sus** [From pan' do, pan' sum or 
 pas' sum, to " spread out” for drying.] 
 Dried by exposure to the sun. See 
 Passa, and Passula. 
 
 Pastil. [Pastillum : diminutive 
 of pas'ta , a "lozenge.”] A little lump 
 like a lozenge ; a troch. 
 
 Pas-ti-iiaca.* The Parsnip. A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Pentandria , 
 natural order Umbellifersc. 
 
 Pastinaca ©-popo-nax.* The 
 plant formerly stated to afford Opoponax, 
 now referred to the Opoponax chironium. 
 
 Pate ArsSnicale, pat aR'sAnAk&l'. 
 ("Arsenical Paste.”) An application for 
 cancers, consisting of seventy parts of 
 cinnabar, twenty-two of dragon’s blood, 
 and eight of arsenious acid. 
 
 Pa-tel'la,* gen. Pa-tel'lse. [Di- 
 minutive of pat'ina, a "pan.”] The knee- 
 pan, or knee-cap; also termed Mo'la,* 
 and Rot'u-la.* (Fr. Rotule, ro'tiil'.) In 
 Botany, a plain receptacle, having a dis- 
 tinct border of the thallus. Also, a genus 
 of the Gasteropoda Mollusca , inhabiting 
 a univalve shell ; a limpet. 
 
 Pat-el -1 a' tus.* [From pateV la, a 
 "little dish, or platter.”] Applied to a 
 polypus which forms an expansion al- 
 most orbicular. 
 
 Pa-tcl'li-form. [Patellifor'mis ; 
 
 from patel'la, the "knee-pan.”] Having 
 the form of a knee-pan, or patella. 
 
 Pa-tel'lu-la,* [Diminutive of patel'- 
 398 
 
 la, the "knee-pan.”] Applied in Botany 
 to a sessile receptacle, orbicular, and sur- 
 rounded by a proper border, not produced 
 by the ihallus . 
 
 Pa-tlie'ma,* plural Pa-tliem'a-ta. 
 
 [From vaOoi, "affection.”] Affection, suf- 
 fering, or disease. Passion, or an in- 
 stinctive feeling become extreme and 
 exclusive. 
 
 Pa-tEsem-a-to-log'I-cal. [Pathe- 
 matolog'icus.] Belonging to pathem- 
 atology. 
 
 Pa-tBsem-a-tol'o-gy. [Pathema- 
 tologia; from pathe'rna, "affection of 
 body or mind,” and \6yog, a " discourse.”] 
 The doctrine (or science) of the passions 
 or affections of the mind. Also, the same 
 as Pathology. 
 
 Pa-tliem'ic. [PatSiem'icus.] Be- 
 longing to pathema. 
 
 Pa-tSiet'ic. [Pattiet'icus ; from 
 
 TcaOos, " affection.”] Belonging to the 
 feelings, or passions. Applied to the 
 superior oblique muscle of the eye ; also, 
 to the fourth pair of nerves. See next 
 article. 
 
 Pa-tlnet'ic Nerves. [Ner'vi Pa- 
 tliet'iei.] The fourth pair of nerves, or 
 Trochleato' res : so called because the 
 eyes express the feelings or passions by 
 means of them. 
 
 Patli-o-gen'e-sis.* [From itdOog, 
 "affection,” or "disease,” and yivztng, 
 "generation.”] The origin, production, 
 or generation of disease. 
 
 Patli-o-ge-net'i-cus.* Belonging 
 to pathogenesis : pathogenet'ic. 
 
 PatBi-o-gcii'ic, Patfis-o-gen'i-cal. 
 [Patliogeii'icus.] Belonging to pa- 
 thogeny. Applied to substances, effluvia, 
 miasmata, etc., which produce disease. 
 
 Pa-tliog'e-ny. [Patliogc'nia; from 
 itdOog , "affection,” or "disease,” and ymo, 
 to " be born,” to " be produced.”] That 
 branch of Pathology which treats of the 
 causes and development of diseases. 
 
 Pa-tliog-no-nioii'ic. [Pathogno- 
 inoii'ictis; from nuOog, "affection,” or 
 "disease,” and yivlasio, to "know.”] Ap- 
 plied to the peculiar characteristic symp- 
 toms of a disease. 
 
 Patli-o-grapli 'l-cal. [Patlio- 
 
 grapli'icus.] Belonging to pathogra- 
 phy. 
 
 Pa-tBiog'ra-pliy. [Patliogra'- 
 ptiia; from it dOog, "affection,” or "dis- 
 ease,” and ypuepio, to "write.”] A de- 
 scription or history of diseases. 
 
 Patfli-o-log'i-csil. [Pattiolog'i- 
 cus. | Belonging to pathology. 
 
 Pa-thol'o-gy* [Patliolo'gia; from 
 
PAT 
 
 PEC 
 
 naQog, an “ affection, ” or “ disease,” and 
 Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] The doctrine or 
 consideration of diseases. That branch 
 of medical science which treats of dis- 
 eases, their nature and effects. It is dis- 
 tinguished into Medical and Surgical 
 Pathology. 
 
 Pat'u-lous. [Pat' ulus: from pa'- 
 teo, to “be open.”] Open; broad; 
 spreading. Applied to certain parts of 
 plants. 
 
 Pau-ei-den'tate. [PaiieMenta- 
 tus; from pau'ei, “few,” “little,” and 
 dens, a “tooth.”] Slightly dentated. 
 
 Pau-ci-flo'rous. [Pauciflo'rus ; 
 from pau'ei, “few,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] 
 Having few flowers. 
 
 Pau-cl-fo'li-ous. [Paucifo'lius ; 
 from pau'ei, “few,” and fo' Hum, a “leaf.”] 
 Having few leaves, or folioles. 
 
 Pau-ci-ju-ga'tus,* Pau-cij ' u-giis. ;;: 
 [From pau'ei, “few,” and ju'gum , a 
 “yoke,” or “pair.”] Applied to a com- 
 pound leaf formed of but three or four 
 pairs of folioles: paucij'ugate ; paucij'- 
 ugous. 
 
 Pau-ci.ner'vate. [Paucinerva'- 
 tus, Pauciner'vius: from pau'ei, 
 “ few,” and ner'uus, a “ nerve.”] Having 
 but few nerves, or slightly veined. 
 
 Pau-ci-ra-di-a'tus.* [F rom pau'ei, 
 “few,” and ra'dius, a “ray.”] Applied 
 to the umbel when it contains but a 
 small number of rays. 
 
 Fau-ci-se-ri-a'tus. [From pau'ei, 
 *‘few,” and se'ries, a “row,” or “order.”] 
 Divided into a small number of series. 
 
 Paul-lin'I-a Sor'bi-lis.* A Bra- 
 zilian plant from which an extract called 
 Paullinia , or Guarana, is procured. It 
 is recommended as a tonic. 
 
 Pauncb. The stomach. Applied 
 especially to the first and greatest sto- 
 mach of the Ruminantia. 
 
 Paupafcre, po'pe-eR'. The French 
 term for “eyelid.” See Palpebra. 
 
 Pavo-nine. [Pavoninus ; from 
 ]ia'vo, jiavo'nis, the “peacock.”] Having 
 eye-like spots resembling those seen on 
 the peacock’s tail. 
 
 Pavot, p&'vo'. The French name for 
 “poppy.” See Papaver. 
 
 Peacti. (Fr. Peche, pesh or p&sh.) 
 The Malum Persicum, or fruit of the 
 Amygdalus Persica. 
 
 Peach-Tree. The Amyg'dalus Per’ - 
 sica. 
 
 Pear. The fruit of the Pyrus com- 
 munis. 
 
 Pearl. [Lat. Margari'ta; Fr . Perle, 
 peRl.] A highly prized substance found 
 
 within the shells of certain bivalve mol- 
 lusks, formed, as it would appear, by 
 the deposition of calcareous matter round 
 some nucleus. A pure pearl is generally 
 spherical, and has a white or yellowish- 
 white color, with a peculiar lustre and 
 iridescence, and consists of alternating 
 concentric layers of membrane and car- 
 bonate of lime. The most valuable pearls 
 are obtained from the pearl oyster of 
 Ceylon. 
 
 Pearl'-ash. [Named from its white, 
 pearly color.] A purer carbonate of 
 potassa, prepared by dissolving potash 
 and allowing the impurities to subside. 
 
 Pearl Barley. See Hordeum. 
 
 Pearl-White. The subnitrate or tris- 
 nitrate of bismuth; flake-white. See 
 Bismuthum Album. 
 
 Peat. The natural accumulation of 
 vegetable matter from the decaying roots 
 of grass, etc., mostly occurring on the 
 surface of a bog or moor. When dried, 
 it is used as fuel. 
 
 Pec'ten,* gen. Pec'ti-nis. A Latin 
 word signifying a “comb;” also, the 
 “pubes.” Commonly applied to the os 
 pubis, which is a distinct bone in the 
 foetal pelvis. 
 
 Pec'tic. [Pec'ticus; from -nnKrig, a 
 “coagulum.”] Applied to an acid which 
 is found in many kinds of fruits, and 
 has the property of forming jelly. 
 
 Pectin. [From the same.] A prin- 
 ciple which forms the base of vegetable 
 
 j<-Uy* 
 
 Pec-ti-me'us.* [From pec' ten, the 
 “os pubis.”] Belonging to the peeten, or 
 os pubis : pectine'al. See Pectinalis. 
 
 Pec-ti-na'lis,* or Fec-ti-nae'us.* 
 [From the same.] Belonging to, or c< n- 
 nected with, the os pubis. Also, the name 
 of a long, flat muscle arising from the 
 pectineal line of the os pubis, and in- 
 serted into the line leading from the tro- 
 chanter minor to the linen aspera. 
 
 Pec'ti-nate. [Peetinatus; from 
 pec'ten, a “ comb.”] Having the ap- 
 pearance of a comb. A pinnatifid leaf 
 with regular close and narrow incisions, 
 is called pectinate. 
 
 Pectinated Muscles. See Musculi 
 Pectinate 
 
 Pectineus, or Pectineal. See Pec- 
 tinalis. 
 
 Pecti-ni-bran-clii-a'ta.* [See next 
 article.] A name given by Cuvier to his 
 sixth order of Gasteropoda. It includes 
 almost all the spiral univalve shells. 
 
 Pecti-ni-bran-elii-a'tus.* [From 
 pec'ten, a “comb,” and bronchia' tus, 
 399 
 
PEC 
 
 PED 
 
 “ having branchise .”] Having comb-like 
 branchiae : pectinobranchiate. 
 
 Pee-ti-aiif'er-ous. [Pectinif'er- 
 11 s; from pec' ten, a “comb,” and fe'ro, 
 to “bear.”] Bearing or having combs. 
 Applied to birds. 
 
 Pee-ti-ni-fo'li-us.* [From pec'ten , 
 a “comb,” and fo'liunu a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing pectinated leaves. 
 
 Pec'ti-ni-form. [Pectmifor'mis ; 
 
 from pec'ten, a “comb.”] Resembling a 
 comb. 
 
 Pee-tl-no-i'des.* [From pec'ten, a 
 “comb,” and a<5oj, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling one of the shells termed Pecten; 
 like a comb : pectinoid. 
 
 Pec'to-ra,* the plural of Pectus, 
 which see. 
 
 Pec'to-ral. [Pectora'lis ; from 
 pec'tus, pec'toris, the “breast.”] Be- 
 longing to the breast, or chest. In Ich- 
 thyology, applied to those fins which 
 correspond to the anterior extremities 
 of quadruped animals, and are termed 
 pectorals. 
 
 Pectoralia. See Pectorals. 
 
 Peetoralis. See Pectoral. 
 
 Pec-to-ra'lis Major.* (“Greater 
 Pectoral [Muscle].”) A muscle arising 
 from half the clavicle, all the edge of 
 the sternum, and the cartilages of the 
 three lower true ribs, and inserted into 
 the outer border of the bicipital groove 
 of the humerus. It moves the arm for- 
 wards, etc. 
 
 Pectora'lis Mi'nor.* (“ Lesser Pec- 
 toral [Muscle].”) A muscle arising from 
 the third, fourth, and fifth ribs, and 
 inserted into the coracoid process of the 
 scapula. It draws the shoulder-bone 
 forwards and downwards, and elevates 
 the ribs. 
 
 Pec'to-rals. [Pectora'lia; from 
 
 pectora'lis, “pectoral.”] Medicines which 
 relieve disorders of the chest. 
 
 Pectoriloquia. The same as Pec- 
 toriloquy, which see. 
 
 Pec-to-ril'o-quisni. TPectorilo- 
 quis'mus ; from pec'tus, the “breast,” 
 and lo'quor , to “speak.”] The same as 
 Pectoriloquy. 
 
 Pec-to-ril'o-quy. [Pectorilo'- 
 qiiiiiin, or Pectoralo'quia ; from the 
 same.] A form or condition of disease 
 in which the voice of the patient seems 
 to issue from the breast through the 
 stethoscope: also termed Pectnriloquism. 
 
 Pec'tus,* gen. Pec'to-ris. That 
 part between the neck and abdomen ; 
 the breast, or chest. The inferior surface 
 of the thorax of insects, divided accord- 
 400 
 
 ing to its segments into the antepectus , 
 mediopectus, and postpectus. 
 
 Pedaliacese,* pe-da-le-a'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found within the tropics, espe- 
 cially in Africa. It includes the Peda ! - 
 Hum and Ses'amum. 
 
 Pedate. [Peda'tus; from pes, pe'- 
 dis, a “foot.”] A term applied to a 
 palmate leaf, the lateral lobes of which 
 are each cleft into two or more seg- 
 ments. 
 
 Pe-dat'i-tfid. [Pedatif'idns; from 
 
 pes, pe'dis, a “foot,” and Jin' do, to 
 “ cleave.”] Applied to leaves which are 
 divided in a pedate manner nearly half- 
 way to the base. 
 
 Pedatus. See Pedate. 
 
 Pe'des,* gen. Pe dum, the plural 
 of Pes, which see. 
 
 Pe-di-al'gi-a.* [From nefoov, the 
 “bones of the foot,” or foot itself, and 
 aXyog, “pain.”] Neuralgic affection in 
 the foot. 
 
 Ped'I-cel. [Pedicel'lus; diminu- 
 tive of pedic'ulus, a “ flower-stalk.”] The 
 stalk of each particular flower in a clus- 
 ter or raceme of flowers ; a partial pe- 
 duncle ; a pedicle. Also, the second joint 
 of the antennas of insects. 
 
 Ped'i-cel-late. [Pedieella'tus ; 
 from pedicel' lus, a “pedicel.”] Having 
 a pedicel. 
 
 Ped'I-cle. The same as Pedicel, 
 
 which see. 
 
 Pe-dic'ti-lar. [Pedicula'ris.] Be- 
 longing to the pediculus. 
 
 Pe-dic'u-late. [Pedicula'ttis ; 
 
 from pedic'ulus, a “foot-stalk.”] Hav- 
 ing foot-stalks. 
 
 Pe-dic-u-la'tiou. [Pedicula'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from pedic'ulus, a “louse.”] A 
 state of disease in which lice are con- 
 stantly breeding on the skin. See Piithi- 
 RIASIS. 
 
 Pe-dic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of pes , 
 a “foot.”] The foot-stalk of a flower 
 and of fruits. Also, a genus of parasitic 
 animals; the louse (Fr. Pou, poo). 
 
 Pedic'iilus Pu'fois* (“Louse of 
 the Pubes”), or Mor'pi-o.* Vulgarly, 
 “ crab-louse.” A species of louse found 
 chiefly on the pubes, distinguished by 
 the cheliform structure of its legs. It 
 causes intolerable itching, nnd frequently 
 induces local prurigo. Dusting the part 
 with calomel mixed with starch powder, 
 and attention to cleanliness, will nearly 
 always be found efficacious in cases of 
 this kind. 
 
 Pe-dif 'er-ous. [Pedif'erus; from 
 
PED 
 
 PEN 
 
 ea, a “foot,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 
 earing feet. 
 
 Ped»X"lu'vX-uin.* [Fromp<?», a“foot,” 
 and la' vo, to “wash.”] A bath for the 
 feet: afoot-bath. 
 
 Ped-I-pal'pus.* [From pea, a “foot,” 
 and pal' pus, a “feeler.”] Applied in 
 the plural ( Pedipal' pi) to a family of 
 Arachnides having palpi in the form of 
 a claw or arm. 
 
 Pe'dis,* the genitive of Pes, which see. 
 
 Pe-dun'cle. [Pednn'ciiliis; di- 
 minutive of pcs, a “foot.”] The foot- 
 stalk which supports a flower, or a clus- 
 ter of flowers. The foot-stalk of each 
 flower of a cluster is called a partial pe- 
 duncle, or a pedicel. 
 
 Pe-cluii 'cu-late. [Peduncula'tus 5 
 from pedun' cuius, a “foot stalk.”] Hav- 
 ing, or growing on, a peduncle. 
 
 Pe-la'gi-an. [Pelagia nu^; from 
 7r eXayos, the “deep sea.”] Pertaining to 
 the sea. 
 
 Pe-lag'ic. [Pelagr'iens; from the 
 same.] Belonging to the deep sea. 
 
 Pe-la'g* i-oiis. [ Pela'gius.] The 
 
 same as Pelagic, which see. 
 
 Peria-gra.* [From peVlis, a “ skin,” 
 and aypa, a “ seizure.”] A disease com- 
 mon in certain parts of Italy, beginning 
 by a shining red spot on some part of 
 the head or body ; termed also Elephan- 
 tiasis It alien. 
 
 Pel'li-de. [Pellic'nla; diminutive 
 of pel'lis, a “skin.”] A very thin skin; 
 a film on the surface of fluids; slender 
 membranous productions, etc. 
 
 Pel-lic'u-lar. [Pellicula'ris.] Re- 
 lating to a pellicle. 
 
 Pel'lis.* [From tt £X\ a, a “hide.”] 
 The Cutis , or skin. 
 
 Pel'li-to-ry of Spain. The Anthe- 
 mis Pyrethrum, which see. 
 
 Pel-lu cid. [Pellii'cidus; from per, 
 “through,” and lu'cco, to “shine.”] 
 Translucent; pervious. to light, or semi- 
 transparent. 
 
 Pel'o-sin, or Pel'o-sine. A color- 
 less substance extracted from the root 
 of the Cissam'pelos parei'ra. It is a pow- 
 erful base, forming salts with several 
 acids. 
 
 PeJ'ta.* [From 7rs\-ri, a “shield.”] 
 A. variety of the caly cuius , oblong, flat, 
 and obtuse, found in the lichens. 
 
 Pel-ta'lis.* [From pel' ta, a “ shield.”] 
 Belonging to a shield: also, scutiform. 
 
 Pel'tate. [Pelta'tus; from pel'ta, 
 a “shield.”] Shield-shaped. Applied 
 to roundish leaves, the petioles of which 
 are attached to a point near the centre. 
 
 2 A 
 
 Pel-tX-fo'lX-ns.* [From pel'ta, a 
 “shield,” and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing peltate leaves : peltifo'lious. 
 
 Pel'tl-form. [Peltifor'mis; from 
 pel'ta, a “shield.”] Formed like a 
 shield. 
 
 Pel-to-i'des.* [From pel'ta, a 
 “shield,” and d6og, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling a shield : peltoid. 
 
 Pel'vic. [Pel'vicus.] Belonging 
 to the pelvis. 
 
 Pel'vi-form. [Pelvf for'mis ; from 
 pel' vis, a “basin.”] Having the form 
 of a basin. 
 
 Pel-vim'e-fer. [Pelvim'etriun ; 
 
 from • pel' vis, a “basin,” and (xiT(,ov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument used in ob- 
 stetrics for measuring the capacity of 
 the pelvis. 
 
 Pel-vi-ot'o-my. [Pelvfoto'mia ; 
 
 from pel' vis, a “ basip,” and rfpw, to 
 “cut.”] Section of the bones of the 
 pelvis. See Sigaultian Operation. 
 
 Pel 'vis.* (Fr. Bassin, b&s'saiTo'.) Lite- 
 rally, “a basin.” The osseous cavity 
 forming the lowest part of the trunk. 
 It is bounded behind by the sacrum and 
 c< ccyx, at the sides and in front by the 
 ossa innominata. See Sinus. 
 
 Peiu-plii-go-i '<1 e &.* [From pem'phi- 
 (/us, and eico$, a “form.”] Resembling 
 pemphigus: pemphigoid. 
 
 Pem'plii-gus,* or pem-fi'gus. [From 
 1 a “ blister.”] (Fr. Fievre Bullevse , 
 fe-evR' biilTuz'.) An eruption of vesicles 
 from the size of a pea to a walnut, gene- 
 rally accompanied by fever ; vesicular 
 fever, or Fehris bullosa. A genus of the 
 order Exanthemata, class Pyrexise, of 
 Cullen's Nosology. 
 
 Pemeaceae,* pe-ne-a'she-e. [From 
 Pense'a, one of ihe genera.] A natural 
 order of exogenous evergreen shrubs, 
 natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 Pen-du-lI-IIo'rus.* [From pen'du- 
 lus, “ hanging,” or “ pendulous,” and jlos, 
 a “flower.”] Having pendant flowers. 
 
 Pen-du-ll-fo Ti-us.* [F rom pjen'du- 
 lu8, “hanging,” and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] 
 Having pendant leaves. 
 
 Pen-i-cil'late. [Penieilla'tus ; 
 
 from penicil'lus, a “painter’s brush.”] 
 Tipped with a brush of hairs like a 
 camel’s-hair pencil. 
 
 Pen-i-cil'li-foriii. [Penicillifor'- 
 
 mis: from penicil'lus, a “painter’s 
 
 brush.”] Resembling a hair-pencil. 
 
 Pesi-i-eil '1« m,* Pen-i-ciS ' 1 11 s.* 
 
 [Diminutive of penic'ubim, a “brush.”] 
 Applied to the arrangement of minute 
 ramifications of the Vena portae, corn- 
 401 
 
PEN 
 
 PEN 
 
 posing the small glands or glandiform 
 bodies which form the substance of the 
 liver, because resembling a hair-pencil. 
 In Surgery, a tent or pledget of charpie, 
 or soft sponge, etc. See Pannus. 
 
 Pe'nis,* gen. the same. [Gr. ■neog.'] 
 The Mem'brum viri'le , or chief organ of 
 generation in man, permeated by the 
 urethra. It consists of two principal 
 portions : the Cor* pus caverno' sum (or 
 Cor'pora caverno'sa) and the Cor' pus 
 spongio' sum, also called Cor' pus spongio'- 
 snm lire' three (“ Spongy Body of the Ure- 
 thra”), because it surrounds the urethra. 
 See Corpora Cavernosa, and Corpus 
 Spongiosum. 
 
 Pennate. See Pinnate. 
 
 Pen-na-tif 'er-us.* [F rom pen'na , a 
 “feather,” and fe’ro, to “bear.”] Bear- 
 ing feathers, or appendages like feathers. 
 Applied to certain animals. 
 
 Pen-nat'i-lid. [Pennatif'idus.] 
 See Pinnatifid. 
 
 Pen-nat-i-fo'li-us.* [From penna’- 
 tus , “pinnate,” and fo'lium , a “leaf.”] 
 Having pinnate leaves. 
 
 Pen-nat-i-par-ti'tus.* [From pen- 
 na'tns, “pinnate,” and par' tio, parti' turn, 
 to “part.”] Pinnately-parted, as feather- 
 veined loaves the sinuses of which reach 
 almost to the midrib : pennatipartite. 
 
 Pen-nat'i-sect-ed, or Pin-nat'i- 
 sect. [Pennatisec'tus : from pe\ina'- 
 tus, “pinnate,” and se'co, sec' turn, to 
 “ cut.”] Applied to feather-veined leaves 
 with sinuses which reach quite to the 
 midrib : pinnately-divided. 
 
 Pen-nat-i-stip-u-la'tus.* Applied 
 to a plant that has pinnatifid stipules. 
 
 Pen-nif er-ous. [Pennif'erus; 
 from pen'na, a “ feather,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing quills, or feathers; 
 covered with feathers. 
 
 Pen'ni-form. [Penmifor'mis; from 
 pen'na , a “feather.”] Having the form 
 of a feather. 
 
 Pen-ni-ner'vis.* [From pen'na , a 
 “ feather,” and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] Hav- 
 ing nerves or veins disposed like a 
 feather; pinnately-nerved. 
 
 Pen-111- ve'ni-us.* [From pen'rpa, a 
 “feather,” and re'na, a “vein.”] Feather- 
 veined. A term applied to leaves the 
 veins of which proceed from a mid- 
 rib. See Pinnately-Veined. 
 
 Pen'n 11-la.* [Diminutive of pen'na, 
 a “feather.”] A small feather with a 
 short stem : a pen'nulc. 
 
 Pennyroyal. Sec Mentha Pule- 
 gitm. 
 
 Pcn-ta-car'pel-la-ry. [From ttcvtc, 
 402 
 
 “five,” and nap™ g, “fruit.”] Composed 
 
 of five carpels. 
 
 Pen-ta-chae'ni-um,* or Pen-ta- 
 eliai nl- urn.* [From -nkv T t, “five,” and 
 Xau'w, to “open.”] A simple fruit formed 
 by an ovary adherent to the calyx, which 
 at maturity separates into five lobes, 
 like the fruit of the Araliaceee. 
 
 Pen-t^-chot'o-mous. [Penta- 
 eliotonius; from irzvTaxh, “in five 
 ways or parts,” and ri/mo, to “cut.”] 
 Applied to cymes where each terminal 
 flower has under it five bracts, and gives 
 origin to as many branches. 
 
 Pen'ta-g-on. [Pentago'mim; from 
 ttzvtz, “five,” and yon/ia, an “angle.”] A 
 plane figure, having five angles and sides. 
 A regular pentagon has five equal sides. 
 
 Pen-tag'o-nal. [Pentago'nus.] 
 Belonging to a pentagon ; five-cor- 
 nered. 
 
 Pen-ta-g'jfn'i-a.* [From ttzutz, “ five,” 
 and ywfi, a, “woman,” or “female.”] A 
 Linnman order of plants, comprising 
 those which have five pistils in each 
 flower. 
 
 Pen-ta-gyn'i-ous. [Pentagyn'ius; 
 
 from the same.] Having five pistils. 
 
 Pen-ta£'y-nons. The same as Pen- 
 tag yniol s, which see. 
 
 Pen-tain'e-rons. [From ttzvtc, “ five,” 
 and pzpog, a “part.”] Consisting of five 
 parts or five organs of each kind. Ap- 
 plied to a flower which has five petals, 
 five stamens, etc. 
 
 Pen-tan'dri-a.* [From ttzvtz, “five,” 
 and dsijp, a “man,” or “male.”] The fifth 
 class in the Linnsean system of plants, 
 comprising those which have five stamens 
 in each flower. 
 
 Pen-tan'drous. [Pentan'drius ; 
 
 from the same.] Having five stamens. 
 
 Pen - ta- pe t a-lous. [Pen tape t ' a- 
 
 1ns ; from n cure, “five,” and TriraXov, a 
 “petal.”] Applied to a corol composed 
 of five petals. 
 
 Pen-ta-phyl-lo-i'des.* [From pen- 
 taphjl'lum, the “cinquefoil,” and z16og, a 
 “form.”] Resembling the cinquefoil. 
 
 Pen-ta-pliyl'lons. [Pentapluyl'- 
 lus; from v zrrz, “five,” and 0uAAoy, a 
 “leaf.”] Having five leaves ; five-leaved. 
 
 Pen-tap'ter-ons. [Pentap'terus ; 
 from ttzvtz, “five,” and Trzpdv, a “wing.”] 
 In Botany, having five expansions in 
 form of wings; five-winged. 
 
 Pen - ta-sep ' a-1 ous. [Pentasep'a- 
 lus; from ttzvtz, “five,” and sep'alum, a 
 “sepal.”] Applied to a calyx composed 
 of five sepals. 
 
 Pen-ta-sper'nious. [Pentasper'- 
 
PEN 
 
 PER 
 
 mus; from irevre, "five,” and (rxtpfia, a 
 “seed.”] Having five seeds. 
 
 Pen-tas'tl-ehous. [Pentas'tl- 
 clms; from n ivre, “five,” and onxn , a 
 “row.”] Disposed in five rows, or in 
 five vertical ranks. Applied to leaves. 
 
 Pen-ta-sty'lus.* [From irevre, “five,” 
 and arv\o;, a, “pillar.”] Applied to an 
 ovary which bears five styles. 
 
 Pe-n u m' bra.* [From pe'ne, “al- 
 most,” and mix' bra, a “shade.”] A faint 
 shadow, or the edge of a perfect shadow ; 
 that portion of space which in an eclipse 
 of the sun is partly, but not entirely, 
 deprived of light; situated between the 
 perfect shadow, where the light is wholly 
 intercepted, and the full light. 
 
 Pe-o-to ' mi-a.* [From ireog, the “pe- 
 nis,” and Ten i/a), to “cut.”] Amputation 
 of the penis: peot'omy. 
 
 Pe i>o.* A pumpkin. Also, a general 
 term applied to such fruits as the melon, 
 cucumber, and gourd; being a modifica- 
 tion of the berry. Likewise, the Pharma- 
 copoeial name for the seeds of the Cucur'- 
 bita Pe'po. They have been assigned a 
 place on the primary list of the Materia 
 Medica of the U S. Pharmacopoeia for 
 1860. These seeds have recently acquired 
 a high reputation as a remedy against 
 the tape- worm. The pulp of the pump- 
 kin has also been administered with simi- 
 lar effect. The dose of the seeds is about 
 two ounces; deprived of their outer cov- 
 ering, they may be beaten into a paste 
 with sugar, and taken, fasting, followed 
 in an hour or two by a free dose of castor 
 oil. 
 
 Pepper. See Piper. 
 
 Pepper, Cayenne, or Pepper, Gui- 
 nea. See Capsicum Annuum. 
 
 Pepper, Jamaica. See Myrtus 
 P lMENTA. 
 
 Pep'per-mint. The Mentha Pi- 
 perita, which see. 
 
 Pepsin. [Pepsi'na; from -Karros, to 
 “digest.”] A supposed substance con- 
 cerned in the process of digestion. 
 
 Pep'tic. [Pep'ticns; from the 
 same.] Digestive ; promoting digestion. 
 
 Per. A Latin particle signifying 
 “through,” “by;” also, “thoroughly.” 
 It is often intensive, being equivalent to 
 “very.” In Chemistry, it forms a prefix 
 denoting an oxide containing the largest 
 quantity of oxygen that can exist in 
 any oxide formed by the same materials ; 
 also applied to acids which contain still 
 more oxygen than those whose names 
 end with -ic, as perchloric acid. 
 
 Per lai-for-tu'ni-wm.* (“By Mis- 
 
 adventure.”) Applied in medical juris- 
 prudence to excusable homicide, or death 
 from a lawful act done without intention 
 of hurt. 
 
 Per'a-cute. [Peracu'tus; from 
 per, intensive, and acu'tus, “acute.”] 
 Extremely severe; very acute. 
 
 Per-chlo ' rate. [Perch loras, a' tie.] 
 A combination of perchloric acid and a 
 base. Applied to the oxichlorates. 
 
 Per-chlo'rat-crt E'ther. The name 
 of a fluid obtained by directly combining 
 chlorine with olefiant gas, or by causing 
 certain chlorides to react upon that gas. 
 
 Per-clilo'rlcle of For'myle. The 
 same as Chloroform, which see. 
 
 Percolate. See next article. 
 
 Per-co-la ' tion . [Percola'tio,o'w?«/ 
 from per, “ through,” and co'lo, cola' turn , 
 to “ strain.”] Filtration. Also applied 
 to animal secretions, the glands being 
 compared to strainers or filters. Used 
 in Pharmacy in the same sense as Dis- 
 placement (which see). See also the 
 U.S. Pharmacopoeia, pp. 3, 4, 5, 6. The 
 filtered liquid is termed a per’colate. 
 
 Per-co-la'tor. An instrument by 
 means of which percolation is performed. 
 See U.S. Pharmacopoeia, pp. 4 and 5. 
 
 Per-cus'sion. [Percus'sio, o'nis; 
 from percu'tio, percus'sum, to “strike,” 
 to “shock.”] The act of striking any 
 part of the body with the fingers, or an 
 instrument, to ascertain its condition. 
 
 It is distinguished into — 1. Direct 
 Percussion , which consists in striking 
 the surface of the chest, etc., with one 
 or more fingers, and observing the degree 
 and quality of the sounds produced. 2. 
 Mediate Percussion, in which case a piece 
 of ivory or leather, called a pleximeter, 
 or the second phalanx of the forefinger 
 of the left hand, is struck by the fingers 
 of the right hand. See Exploration. 
 
 Pe-ren'ni-al. [Feren'nis; from 
 per , “through,” and an’ nos, “years.”] 
 Lasting through more than two years; 
 also, perpetual ; permanent. 
 
 Pe-renhi-braii'Hiii-ate. [Peren- 
 niforaiieliia'tus ; from peren’nis, “pe- 
 rennial,” and bran' chise, (i g ills.”] Hav- 
 ing branchiae persistent during life. 
 
 Per 'feet Flmv'er. A term applied 
 to flowers which have both stamens and 
 pistils. 
 
 Per'fect Num ber. A number which 
 is equal to the sum of all its divisors, as 
 6, 28, etc. Thus, the divisors of 6 are 
 1, 2, and 3, which added together make 6. 
 
 Per-fo'li-ate. [Perfolia'tus : from 
 per, “through,” and f o' lium, a “leaf.”] 
 403 
 
PER 
 
 PER 
 
 Leaves are called perfoliate when the 
 stem appears to pass through them. 
 These in some cases originate in the 
 union of the bases of a pair of opposite 
 sessile leaves. 
 
 Perfo-rans.- [From/)er, “ through,” 
 and /o' ro, fora' twin, to “bore.”] A desig- 
 nation of the flex' or digito' rum profun' - 
 dus muscle, from its perforating the ten- 
 don of the flexor sublimis. 
 
 Per To -rat-lug-. [From the same.] 
 Piercing; passing through. 
 
 Pe r- fo-ra ' t ion . [Perfora'tao, o'nis; 
 from the same.] The application of the 
 trepan or trephine. 
 
 Pea*' fo-ra- tor. [Perforato'rium ; 
 
 from the same.] An instrument for 
 boring into the cranium. 
 
 Per-fo-ra'tus.* [From the same.] 
 Perforated, or pierced through. A term 
 applied to the coraco-brachialis muscle, 
 from its being perforated by the exter- 
 nal cutaneous nerve; also to the flexor 
 digitorum communis sublimis, from its ten- 
 don being perforated by the tendon of 
 the flexor profundus. 
 
 Per-fra-ca'tion. [Perfraca'tio, 
 o'nis; from per, “through,” and fri'co, 
 fric f turn or fried' turn, to “rub.”] Inunc- 
 tion, or rubbing in through the pores of 
 the skin any unctuous or oily substance. 
 
 Per-g-a-me'ne-ous, or Per-g-a-men- 
 ta/ceous. [Pergame'neus, or Pes*- 
 gannenta' ceus; from pergamen'ta , 
 “parchment.”] Like parchment. 
 
 Peri (rapi). A Greek preposition usu- 
 ally signifying “around,” or “about,” 
 “near;” it is sometimes intensive , being 
 equivalent to “very.” 
 
 Per 1 -anth. [ Per sail' tliimn; from 
 7 npi, “about,” and ai/Qog, a “flower.”] 
 The calyx and corolla taken together, or 
 the whole floral envelope, whatever it 
 may consist of, is sometimes called the 
 perianth. Also termed Perigonium. 
 
 Per-I-an'tlie-us.** Provided with a 
 perianth : perian'theous. 
 
 Pericartle. See Pericardium. 
 
 Per-a-car'dI-ac, or P£r-i-car-di 'il- 
 eal. [Pericardi'acus.] Belonging 
 to the pericardium. 
 
 Per-I-car-dit'ic. [Pericardit'i- 
 
 cus.] Belonging to pericarditis. 
 
 Per-i-car-di'tis, i die.* [From peri- 
 cardium .] Inflammation of the pericar- 
 dium. 
 
 P€r-i-car'dl-um.* [From rapt, 
 “about,” and Kapfoa, the “heart.”] (Fr. 
 Pericarde, pArAkaRd'.) The membra- 
 nous bag which contains the heart. 
 
 P€r'I-carp. [Perlcar'pimn ; from 
 404 
 
 rapt, “about,” and Kapnog, “fruit.”] A 
 seed-vessel : a ripened ovary. The peri- 
 carp and the contained seeds together 
 constitute the fruit in the botanical 
 sense of the term. It consists of an 
 epicarp, endocarp, and mesocarp, which 
 last in fleshy fruits is called sarco- 
 carp. 
 
 P^r-5-car'pic, or Per-a-car'pa-al. 
 [Pea*icarpia lis.] Belonging to a peri- 
 carp. 
 
 PSr-I-clise'ti-um.* [From rapt, 
 “about,” and xairr], a “hair.”] A scaly 
 sheath investing the fertile flower and 
 base of the foot-stalk of some mosses. 
 
 Per-i-eBioia-drn-©-dyiT2-a.*' [From 
 periehon’ drium, and ddvrrj , “pain.”] Pain 
 of the perichondrium. 
 
 Per-i-ela©ia-drit'I-ciis.* Belonging 
 to perichondritis. 
 
 Peir-i-«la©ii-dri'tis, idis.% [From 
 periehon' drium.] Inflammation of the 
 perichondrium. 
 
 Per-i-chon dri-nm.* [From rapt, 
 “about,” and xordpog, a “cartilage.”] A 
 membrane forming the immediate cover- 
 ing of cartilages. 
 
 Per-i-cl in '2-um.* [From rapt, “a- 
 round,” and kMi/p, a “bed.”] The invo- 
 lucre of the Composite; the collection 
 of bracts which surround an assemblage 
 of syngenesious flowers. 
 
 Per-I-co-rol'Ie-us.* [From rapt, 
 “around,” and coroVlaf] Applied in 
 the plural feminine ( PcricoroV lese ) to a 
 Jussieuan division of the Monopetalese, 
 including dicotyledonous plants with 
 perigynous corols. 
 
 Per-i-cra'ni-uin.* [From rapt, “a- 
 round,” and upaviov, the “cranium.”] 
 The membrane immediately covering the 
 bones of the cranium. 
 
 Per-i-des-mi'tis, i dis.% [From peri- 
 des’mium .] Inflammation of the peri - 
 desmium. 
 
 Per-2-des'mi-um.* [From rapt, 
 “around,” and deapiov, a “band.”] The 
 membrane which covers the ligaments. 
 
 Per-I-did'y-mis.* [From rapt, “a- 
 bout,” and Aidyuog, a “testicle.”] The 
 serous coat which covers the testes. 
 
 Pe-rid'i-um.* [Diminutive of nijpa , 
 a “leathern pouch.”] The round, mem- 
 branous, dry case of the seeds of some 
 angiospermatous mushrooms. The en- 
 velope of fruit. 
 
 P£r'i-&ee. [Peris-ae'um ; from rapt', 
 “ about,” or “ near,” and yn, the “ earth.”] 
 That point of the moon’s orbit which 
 is nearest to the earth. 
 
 P&r-i-glot'tis, idis* [From rapt. 
 
PER 
 
 PER 
 
 tc about,” and yXwrra, the “ ton gue.”] The 
 villous membrane covering the tongue. 
 
 P£ r-I-go ' ill - 11 in , * or Per i-gone. 
 
 [From 7 rcpt, “ around,” and yovrj, a “ seed,” 
 or “ fruit.”] The same as Perianth, 
 which see. 
 
 Fcj’-i-gyn'i-wm.- [From nepi, “a- 
 round,” and ywx\, a “woman,” or “fe- 
 male.”] The urceolate body formed in 
 the genus Carex by two bracts, which 
 become confluent at their edges and en- 
 close the pistil. 
 
 Pe-rig'y-nous. [PerSg'ynus: from 
 the same.] Applied to stamens when 
 situated around the ovary ; adnate to 
 the base of the ovary, or to the calyx. 
 
 Per-i-lne'Ii-oai.* [From rapt, “about,” 
 or “near,” and r/Ato;, the “sun.”] That 
 point in the orbit of a planet or comet 
 which is nearest to the sun. 
 
 P&r'i-lympli. [From nepi, “around,” 
 and lym'pha , “ water,” or “ watery fluid :” 
 so named because poured around in the 
 canals of the ear.] See Cotunnius, 
 Water of. 
 
 Pe-rim'e-ter. [Perim'etron, or Pe- 
 riiii'etrum ; from nepi, “around,” and 
 perpou, a “measure.”] The line which 
 bounds any plane figure. When applied 
 to a circular ellipse, it is equivalent to 
 the circumference. 
 
 Per-I-iiie'tra-a.* [From nepi, “a- 
 round,” and perpeco, to “measure.”] The 
 measuring of the circumference or of all 
 the sides of any plane figure: perim'- 
 etry. 
 
 P£r-i-mys'i-um.& [From nepi, “a- 
 round,” and pvg, a “muscle.”] The deli- 
 cate membrane immediately covering 
 the muscles. Also termed vagi' na mus- 
 culo' ris , or “muscular sheath.” 
 
 Per-I-nse'o-^ele.* [From nepivaiov, 
 the “perinseum,” and KfiXrj, a “tumor.”] 
 Hernia, or rupture, in the perinseum. 
 
 Per-i-iise'um,* or Per-i-ne'um. 
 [Etymology uncertain.] (Fr. Perinee , 
 pAre'n&\) The space between the anus 
 and the genital organs. Applied by some 
 writers to the entire space between the 
 Os coccygis and the arch of the pubis. 
 
 Per-i-nae'us.* The same as Peri- 
 neal, which see. 
 
 Per-i-ne'al, or Per-i-nae'al. [Peri- 
 
 nsea'lis.] Belonging to the perinseum. 
 
 P€rin£e. See Perineum. 
 
 Per-i-ne-phri'tis.* [From wept, 
 “around,” and veippog, a “ kidney.”] (Fr. 
 Phlegmon perinephretique , fleg'm6N G 'p&'- 
 r&'n&'fR&'t6k\) Inflammation of the peri- 
 ton seal covering of the kidney. 
 
 Per-i-nepliri-um,- or Per-i- 
 35 
 
 ne'pliriis.* [From nepi , “around,” and 
 the “kidney.”] The membrane 
 immediately enveloping the kidney. 
 
 Perineum. See Perinasum. 
 
 Per-i-neurl-on,* or Per-I-neti'rl- 
 urn. [From rapt, “around,” and vevpov , 
 a “nerve.”] The theca or membranous 
 covering of a nerve; the neurilemma. 
 
 Perin£vre, pd'r^'nevR'. [From nepi, 
 “around,” and veupor, a “nerve.”] A 
 French term for Neurilemma, which see. 
 
 Pe'ri-otl. [Peri 'od us; from nepi, 
 “around,” and o6og, a “way,” or “jour- 
 ney.”] Literally, a “journeying round,” 
 a “circuit.” The time in which one of 
 the heavenly bodies describes its orbit; 
 hence, a stated time. The space of time 
 during which a disease prevails from its 
 access to its declension. 
 
 Pe-rl-od'i-cal. [Period'icus ; from 
 peri'odus, a “period.”] Coming round 
 or returning at certain, or stated, times. 
 
 Per-I-o-di^'I-ty. [Period i^'itas ; 
 from period' icus, “periodical.”] The 
 tendency of certain phenomena to recur 
 at stated times, as, for example, the pa- 
 roxysms of an intermittent, the cata- 
 menia, the budding of plants, etc. 
 
 Pe-rl-o-don-ti tis, i die.* [From 
 nepi, “about,” and diovg, a “tooth.”] In- 
 flammation of the lining membrane of 
 the socket of a tooth. 
 
 Pe-ri-od o-scope. [Periodos 'co- 
 pus; from nepiodog, a “period,” and 
 cKonsa ), to “observe.”] An instrument 
 for determining the date of menstruation, 
 labor, etc., and for other calculations. 
 
 Pe-ri'o-dus lai-na'ris.* (“ Lunar 
 Period.”) The catamenial or menstrual 
 period. 
 
 Pe r-i-or ' lu-ta. :;: [From nepi, “ around,” 
 and or'bita , the “orbit.”] The lining 
 membrane of the orbit or socket of the 
 eye ; the periosteum of the orbit. 
 
 Perioste. See Periosteum. 
 
 Per-i-os-te-i'tis.* The same as 
 Periostitis, which see. 
 
 Per-i-os'te-um. ;;: [From nepi, “a- 
 
 round,” and dareov, a “bone.”] (Fr. 
 Perioste, p&'r^'ost'.) The thin, delicate 
 membrane forming the immediate cov- 
 ering of the bones. 
 
 Per-i-os-ti'tis, i dis* [From peri- 
 os'teum .] Inflammation of the perios- 
 teum. 
 
 Per-i-os-to'ma, a 'tis.% [From nepi , 
 “around,” and osio'ma, an “osseous 
 tumor.”] A morbid osseous formation 
 surrounding a bone: a periostome. 
 
 Per-i-os«to'sis.* The progress or 
 formation of periostoma. 
 
 405 
 
PER 
 
 PER 
 
 Per-i-peta-loas. [Peripet'afEis ; 
 
 from 7 rapt, “ around/ , and naraXos, a 
 “petal.”] Surrounding the petals. 
 
 Per>i-pha-ci'tis, i.dis.% [From per- 
 iph'acus.] Inflammation of the capsule 
 of the eye; circumfused inflammation 
 of the lens. 
 
 JPe-rijp3a'a-eiES.*' [From nepi, “ a- 
 round,” and <-/>av<k, a “ lentil/’ and hence 
 a “lens.”] The capsule of the lens of 
 the eye. 
 
 Pe-ripla'e-ral. [From periphe'ria , 
 the “periphery.”] Belonging to the 
 periphery of any roundish substance. 
 Applied by Dr. Barclay as meaning 
 “ towards the circumference.” 
 
 Per-i-pluer'ic, or Pei’-I-pltier'i-cal. 
 [Periphea* icus.] Relating to the 
 periphery, or situated around the periph- 
 ery of an organ. 
 
 Peripherie Im'pral-ses. A term 
 applied by Naumann to the influence 
 which is transmitted from the nerves of 
 any particular part of the body to the 
 centres of the nervous system (i.e. the 
 brain and the spinal cord). 
 
 ]Pe-riph'e-ry. [PeripEie'ria; from 
 nspi, “ about,” and Qcpo), to “ carry.”] 
 The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or 
 other similar figure. 
 
 Per-I-pla^l'lEim.* [From mpi, “a- 
 round,” and $vXXoj, a “leaf.”] Applied 
 in the plural (periphyV la) to the scales 
 around the ovary of the Graminacese. 
 
 Per - ip - neiH - she® 'em - a Xo'Maa.* 
 (“Spurious or Bastard Peripneumony.”) 
 A name applied to a variety of acute 
 bronchitis. 
 
 Per-ip-aieM-iM©3E'ie. [Peripaieia- 
 mon'lcus.] Belonging to peripneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PeriipneoairaEoiaitis. See Pneumonia. 
 
 Per-ip-saeai'iniio-iEy. pPeripaaeiii- 
 mo'aiia ; from napi, “around,” or “ near,” 
 and 7 rjzvpwj, the “organs of breathing;” 
 hence, perhaps, the principal air-pas- 
 sages.] Inflammation of the substance 
 of the lungs, being that part which sur- 
 rounds the air-passages. See Pneu- 
 monia. 
 
 Per'i-sperm. [JPerisper'miiiiitm, 
 or IPerisper'inmm ; from -cpi, “a- 
 round,” or “ near,” and airappia, a “ seed.”] 
 The albumen of the seed of plants. 
 
 2Per-a-sper' innate. [Penrisiwer 'ma- 
 tt 113 , or IPerisper'miiCMS.] Provided 
 with aperisperm: perisper'inic. 
 
 P£r-i-sta'«flBy-unm.** [From irepi, 
 “ around,” or “ near,” and cttclxvs, a 
 “ spike,” or “ ear.”] Applied to the 
 glume of the Graminacese. 
 
 406 
 
 Per-i-stal'tic. [Perastal'ticns ; 
 
 from 7T£pioreXXcj, to “ contract.”] Applied 
 to the peculiar movement of the intes- 
 tines, like that of a worm in its progress 
 (hence also named vermicular motion), by 
 which they gradually propel their con- 
 tents; applied by M. Hall to all the 
 movements of the heart, stomach, intes- 
 tines, uterus, etc., which movements are 
 not directly dependent on the spinal mar- 
 row. 
 
 Per-i-sta-min'e-us.* [From 7 rcpt, 
 “ around,” and sta’men.'] Applied in 
 the plural feminine ( peri slantin' ese), in 
 the Jussieuan system, to dicotyledonous, 
 apetalous plants, in which the stamens 
 are perigynous. 
 
 Per-i-sta-min'i-us.* The same as 
 
 Peristamineus. 
 
 Per-i-staph-y-li'nus.^ [From tcz pi, 
 “around,” and ora^vXi], the “uvula.”] 
 Belonging to, or connected with, the 
 uvula: peristaphyline. A term applied 
 to two muscles of the palate, the exter- 
 nals, or circumflexus palati, and the inter- 
 nits , or levator pcilati mollis. 
 
 Per-i-stapEa'y-I® PSiiar-yTi-ge'iiis ** 
 [from <pupx/£, the “pharynx”]. The first, 
 or upper, portion of the palato-pharyn- 
 geus muscle; the second, or middle, por- 
 tion is termed pharyngo-staphylinus ; the 
 third, or lower, portion, t hy ro -s taphylin us. 
 
 Pea*-a-ste0Ei'o-imfls. ;:: ' [From ~:p[, “ a- 
 round,” and vrrip coy, a “stamen.”] The 
 same as Peristamineus, which see. 
 
 Pe-ris'to-Mma, a 'tis.® [From n zpi, 
 “ around,” and artya, a “ mouth.”] The 
 margin or circumference of a mouth, or 
 of a mouth-like opening : a peristome. 
 
 Per 'I-stonne. [Peristo'mmm ; 
 
 from the same.] The fringe of rigid 
 processes around the mouth of the spore- 
 case or theca of certain mosses. 
 
 Per-I-stom'ic. [Peristom'icns.] 
 Belonging to a peristome. 
 
 Per'i-style. [Peristy'lBis ; from 
 7 rapt, “around,” and crOAo;, a “pillar.”] 
 A range of columns around an edifice. 
 Also, a series of stamens inserted around 
 the ovary. 
 
 P&r-I-sys'to-le.** [From 7 rcpt, 
 
 “around,” or “near,” and (nxrroXrj, “con- 
 traction.”] The instant of time between 
 the contraction and dilatation of the 
 heart, perceptible, it is said, only in the 
 (lying. 
 
 PfTitoine. See Peritoneum. 
 
 Pc-rat'o-EEioiss. [From nspi, “a- 
 round,” and r:pyaj, to “cut.”] Applied 
 in Mineralogy to cleavage parallel to the 
 axis and in more than one direction. 
 
PER 
 
 PER 
 
 Fer-i-to-iue'um,* or P£r-i-to-ne'- 
 lim. [From -ncpndvu, to “ stretch 
 around/’ or “ stretch all over/’] (Er. 
 Peritoine , p&'r&'tw&N'.) A strong serous 
 membrane investing the entire parietes 
 and viscera of the abdomen. 
 
 Per-i-io-ni'tis, idisS [From peri- 
 toms' urn. \ Inflammation of the perito- 
 neum lining the parietes of the abdo- 
 men ; when it attacks that investing 
 any of the viscera, the disease usually 
 takes the name of the viscus, as enteritis , 
 gastritis, hepatitis , nephritis , etc. 
 
 Per-i-tre'imi, ntisS [From mpi, 
 “around,” and rpnpa, a “hole.”] The 
 per'itreme. In Entomology, a small piece 
 of hornlike substance surrounding the 
 stigmatic opening along the anterior bor- 
 der of the episternum, or sternum, of the 
 Hc.rap'oda. 
 
 Pe-rit'ro-pal, or Per-it'ro-gious. 
 
 [From 7 repi, “around,” and rpenco, to 
 “turn.”] Horizontal to the axis of the 
 fruit. Applied to an embryo of a plant. 
 
 Per-i-zo'ma.* [F rom rrepi, “ around,” 
 and i \uvvvpi , to “gird.”] Literally, a 
 “girdle,” a “truss.” A name for the 
 diaphragm. 
 
 Per'kin-ism. A mode of treatment 
 first employed by Dr. Perkins, of Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut. It consists in apply- 
 ing to the diseased part, the extremities 
 of two metallic rods, made of different 
 metals, and called Metallic Tractors. 
 The success obtained was probably 
 through the influence of the imagination. 
 
 Per'late. [Perla'tus; from the Ita- 
 lian and Spanish per' la, a “pearl.”] 
 “Pearled.” Applied to leaves raised 
 from small, round, firm eminences ; also 
 to the expansions of lichens provided 
 with round tubercles, compared to an 
 embroidery of small pearls; and some- 
 times to plants of which the white flowers 
 are disposed in small oblong bunches. 
 
 Perle, peRl. The French name for 
 Pearl, which see. 
 
 Permanent. See Persistent. 
 
 Per-man-gan'ic A^'id. A name 
 proposed for the compound previously 
 called manganesic acid. 
 
 Per-me-a-MS'i-t5 r . [PermeaMl'i- 
 tas, a'tis ; from per, “ through,” and 
 me'o, to “pass.”] That property of 
 certain bodies which permits others to 
 pass through their pores. 
 
 Per'me-a-Me. [X?ermeab'iflis;from 
 the same.] Per'vious ; that may be per- 
 meated ; that possesses permeability. 
 
 Per-mis'tion. [Permis'ti©, o'nis, 
 or Permix'tio, o'nis ; from per, 
 
 “through,” or “thorough,” and mis' coo , 
 mis' turn or mix' turn, to “ mix.”] A com- 
 plete mingling or mixture. 
 
 Per inu-tate. [Pernmta'tns; from 
 permu'to, permuta' turn , to “change,” or 
 “ interchange.”] Applied to flowers in 
 which the abortion of the sexual organs 
 causes a remarkable change in the floral 
 teguments, as in many double flowers. 
 
 Per-nH*'ious [from perni^'ies, “de- 
 struction”] Fe'ver. A name applied 
 by Dr. Wood to a form of congestive in- 
 termittent, on account of its great fatality . 
 
 Per'm-o, o'nis S' [From ndpra, the 
 “heel.”] A kibe or chilblain. 
 
 Per'nio Simplex.* (“Simple 
 Chilblain.”) Chilblain in which the 
 cuticle is unbroken. 
 
 Per-o-iiae'us,* or Pcr-o-nc'us.- 
 [From nepovr], the “fibula.”] Perone'al. 
 Belonging to or connected with the 
 fibula. 
 
 Perome'us (or Pcrone'us) Kre'- 
 vis.® (“Short Pcromeal [Muscle].”) A 
 muscle of the leg, situate below r the 
 peronseus longus. It is attached above to 
 the outer surface of the fibula. 
 
 Peronai'iss JLon'g-iis."* (“Long Per- 
 onseal [Muscle].”) A muscle placed at 
 the outer part of the leg, and under the 
 sole of the foot. 
 
 Peronaiiss Ter 'tins.* (“Third 
 Peronaeal [Muscle].”) A muscle arising 
 from the lower third of the fibula, and 
 inserted into the outer metatarsal bone. 
 
 Per'o-ne.* [Gr. Kspovn.] The fibula, 
 or external bone of the leg. 
 
 P£ ron£, p&'ro'n&'. The French term 
 for Fibula, which see. 
 
 Per-©-ne'al. Belonging to the fibula'. 
 See Peronseus. 
 
 Peronens. See Peronseus. 
 
 Per. ©gj. em et. = Pcrac'td operatio’- 
 ne emet'iciS “When the operation of 
 the emetic is finished.” 
 
 Per-ox i-dat-etS. [Peroxy da' tus.] 
 Applied to a metal, or other simple body, 
 in the state of a peroxide. 
 
 Per-ox'ide. [Perox'ydwm ; from 
 per, “intensive,” and ox’ydum, an 
 “oxide.”] The compound which results 
 from the combination of a simple body 
 with the maximum of oxygen. 
 
 Perry. [Vi 'mini Pyra'ceiim.] 
 [From the French Poire, a “pear.”] A 
 vinous liquor made from pears, in the 
 same way as cider is made from apples. 
 
 Per'sl-ca.* [From Per' si a, its native 
 country.] The peach-tree, or the Amyg'- 
 dalus Per'sica. 
 
 Per-sis'tent. [Persis'tens ; from 
 407 
 
PER 
 
 PES 
 
 persis'to, to “continue,” to “persevere.”] 
 Constant; permanent; remaining, as 
 the leaves of evergreens through the 
 winter, and the calyx of many plants 
 until the fruit is formed. 
 
 Per'so-nate. [Persona'tus 5 from 
 perso'na, a “character in a drama,” a 
 “mask.”] Masked; disguised. Ap- 
 plied to certain flowers. 
 
 Per-spe-cil'liim.* [From per, 
 “through,” and spe'cio , to “behold.”] 
 An eye-glass; in the plural [perspecil'la) 
 spectacles. 
 
 Per-spi-ra'tion. [Perspira'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from perspi'ro, perspira' turn, to 
 “ breathe through.”] The fluid secreted 
 by the extremities of the cutaneous arte- 
 ries on the surface of the body ; sweat. 
 See Diaphoresis, Hidrosis, Sudation, 
 and Sudor. 
 
 Perspiration, Biminisked. See 
 
 Adiaphoresis, Adiapneustia, and An- 
 
 IDROSIS. 
 
 Perspira'tion, In-sen 'si-ble. The 
 
 same as Transpiration, which see. 
 
 Perspiration, Morbid. See Ephi- 
 DROSIS. 
 
 Perspiration, Obstructed. See 
 
 Adiaphoresis, and Anidrosis. 
 
 Pertnrba'tio (per-tur-ba'she-o) 
 Crit'i-ca.* A critical disturbance or 
 excitement of the organism, forming the 
 crisis of a disease. 
 
 Per-tur-ba'tion. [Pertnrba'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from per, “very,” or “greatly,” 
 and tur'bo, turba'tum , to “disturb.”] In 
 Pathology, excessive restlessness or dis- 
 quiet. Applied in Astronomy to the de- 
 viation of a celestial body from the ellip- 
 tic orbit which it would describe if acted 
 upon by no other attractive force than 
 that of the sun or central body around 
 which it revolves. — (Brande.) 
 
 Per-tuse'. [Pertu'sus; from per- 
 tun'do, pertu' sum, to “ pierce.”] Pierced 
 with large holes distributed irregularly. 
 Applied to certain parts of plants. 
 
 Per-tus'sis.* [From per, intensive, 
 and tu8 f si s, a “cough.”] (Fr. Toux con- 
 vulsive, too k6x'vUl'sev', and Coqueluche, 
 k&kTiish'.) Hooping-cough. A con- 
 tagious disease characterized by a con- 
 vulsive strangulating cough, with hoop- 
 ing, returning by fits which are usually 
 terminated by vomiting. A genus of the 
 order Spasmi , class Neuroses, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Per-u-if'er-ns.** [From Peruvia'nns, 
 “ Peruvian,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Lit- 
 erally, “ bearing what is Peruvian :” as, 
 Myro8permu>n Peruiferum , the “ Myro- 
 408 
 
 spermum which produces the Peruvian 
 [Balsam].” 
 
 Peru-late. [Perula'tus.] Hav- 
 ing bud-scales ( perulsc ). 
 
 Per'ule. [Per'ula; diminutive of 
 pe'ra, a “shepherd’s pouch.”] In Botany, 
 a kind of sac formed by the prolonged, 
 adherent bases of two lobes of the peri- 
 gone of certain Orchideie ; also, the en- 
 velope of buds of trees of cold climates; 
 a bud-scale. 
 
 Peruvian Balsam. See Balsam 
 
 of Peru. 
 
 Peruvian Bark. See Cinchona. 
 
 Pe-ru«vi«a'nus. :: Belonging to Peru : 
 Peru'vian. 
 
 Per-vl-gfiri-um.* [From per, in- 
 tensive, and vig'ilo, to “ watch.”] Dis- 
 inclination to sleep; watching; vigi- 
 lance. 
 
 Pes,* gen. Pe'dis. [From -nov;, a 
 “foot.”] (Fr. Pied, pe-d'.) The foot; 
 the base on which the body rests when 
 standing. It consists of the tarsus, me- 
 tatarsus, and toes; with their blood-ves- 
 sels, nerves, tendons, sheaths, and integu- 
 ments. 
 
 Pes An-se-ri'nus.* (“ Goose-Foot.”) 
 The distribution of the facial nerve, so 
 called from a fancied resemblance; the 
 parotidean plexus. 
 
 Pes Equinus. See Talipes Equi- 
 
 NUS. 
 
 Pes Mip-po-eam'pi.* (“Foot of 
 the Hippocampus.”) Properly, the ante- 
 rior part of the hippocampus , but often 
 used as synonymous with hippocampus. 
 
 Pes'sa-ry. [Pessa'rium ; from 
 
 rig, an “oval-shaped stone.”] (Fr. 
 Pcssaire, pes'seu'.) An instrument in 
 the form of a ring, or ball, for intro- 
 duction into the vagina, to prevent or 
 remedy the prolapse of the uterus. 
 
 Peste. See Pestis. 
 
 Pes-tif 'er-ous. [Pes'tifer ; from 
 pes'tis, a “plague,” and fe'ro , to 
 “bear,” or “produce.”] Producing or 
 causing pestilence. 
 
 Pes'tl-lence. [Pestilen'tia, and 
 Pes'tis.] A contagious or infectious 
 disease which is epidemic, or endemic, 
 and fatal ; a plague. 
 
 Pes-ti-len'tial, or PSs'ti-lent. 
 [Pestilentia'Iis.] Pertaining to pesti- 
 lence; producing the plague, or pesti- 
 lence. 
 
 P£s'tis.* (Fr. Pcste, pest.) The 
 plague, a disease characterized by ty- 
 phus fever, great prostration of strength, 
 buboes, carbuncles, petechise, haemor- 
 rhage, and sometimes by diarrhoea A 
 
PES 
 
 PET 
 
 genus of the order Exanthemata , class 
 Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Pestle. [Pistil' 1 u m.] An instru- 
 ment to pound with in a mortar. 
 
 Pet'al. [Lat. Pet'alum ; Gr. nbaXov, 
 an “ expanded leaf.”] A flower-leaf ; a 
 leaf of a corolla. 
 
 Pet-a-lan 'thus.* [From ncTa'Xoj, a 
 “ petal,” and avtio;, a “ flower.”] Having 
 flowers with petals. 
 
 Pe-tal'i-fiorm. [Petalifor'mis ; 
 
 from ‘n&akoj, a “ petal.”] Shaped like a 
 petal ; petaloid. 
 
 Pet-a-lo'de£.* [From nsraXoy, a “ pet- 
 al,” and eldo;, a “form.”] Resembling 
 petals ; also, having petals, or the appear- 
 ance of petals. 
 
 Pet-a-lo 'de-us.* The same as Pet- 
 alodes, which see. 
 
 Pet'a-loid. [Petaloi'des ; from 
 7r ztclXoj, a “ petal,” and eito;, a “ form.”] 
 Resembling a petal. 
 
 Pet'a-Ious. Having petals. 
 
 Pe-te'ehi-a,* plural Pe-te'cM-ae. 
 [From pete'chio, a “ flea-bite.”] A small 
 red or purplish spot, like a flea-bite. 
 
 Pete'chise si ne Fe'bre.* (“ Pete- 
 chias without Fever.”) A term ap- 
 plied to purpura simplex, or petechial 
 scurvy. 
 
 Pe-te'«hi-al, or pe-tek'e-al. [Pe- 
 techia'lis.J Belonging to petechise. 
 
 Pe-ti-o-la'ceous. [Petiola'ceus ; 
 
 from peti'olus , a “ petiole.”] Applied to 
 buds when the bases of the petioles, di- 
 lated into shells, form the investiture of 
 the young shoot. 
 
 Pet'I-o-lar. [Petiola'ris.] Belong- 
 ing to a petiole, or borne on a petiole. 
 
 Pet'i-o-late. [Petiola'tus.] Pro- 
 vided with a petiole. 
 
 Pet-i-o-la'tion. [Petaola'tio, o'wts.] 
 The state of leaves provided with a 
 petiole. 
 
 Pet'i-ole. [Peti'olus; diminutive 
 of pes, a “foot.”] The foot-stalk of a 
 leaf ; a leaf-stalk. 
 
 Pet-I-o 1 ' u-Iate. [Petiolu la' tus. ] 
 
 Applied to a foiiole borne upon a petio- 
 lule. 
 
 Pet'I-o-lule. [Petiol'ulus; diminu- 
 tive of peti’olus, a “petiole.”] The par- 
 ticular petiole of each foiiole in a com- 
 pound leaf. 
 
 Petit Argent, peh-t&' taR'zhoN°'. A 
 French term for Platinum, which see. 
 
 Petit (peh-te'), Ca-nal' of. A small 
 triangular canal, between the layers of 
 the hyaloid membrane that enclose the 
 crystalline lens : discovered by Petit. 
 
 Petite V€role, peh-t&t' v&'rol'. A 
 35 * 
 
 French name for “small-pox.” See 
 Variola. 
 
 Petit Mai. peh-t6' m&l. A French 
 term for the slighter form of epilepsy. 
 
 Pet i veri aceae,* pet-e-ve-re-a'she-e. 
 [From Petive’ria , one of the genera.] A 
 small natural order of exogenous West 
 Indian or tropical plants (herbs or under- 
 shrubs). 
 
 Pe-tral'o-gy. [Petralo'gia: from 
 
 7 rerpa, a “rock,” and \oyo$, a “discourse.”] 
 The science which treats of the nature of 
 rocks. 
 
 Petrelseum. See Petroleum. 
 
 Pet-ri-fac'tion. [From pe’lra, a 
 “rock,” and fa’cio , to “make.”] The 
 act of petrifying, or converting into 
 stone. Also applied to a body changed 
 into stone. The term petrifaction is ap- 
 plied by Virchow to the change which 
 takes place when any soft- part of the 
 body assumes the form or appearance of 
 b<»ne by absorbing calcareous matter. In 
 this sense, it is synonymous with calcifi- 
 cation, and must not be confounded with 
 ossification, which denotes the formation 
 of actual bone. 
 
 Petrification. See Petrifaction. 
 
 Pet-ro-graph I-cal. [Petrograpli 
 icus.] Belonging to petrography. 
 
 Pe- 1 rog ' ra- phy . [ Pet rogra ' p h ia ; 
 
 from nhpa, a “rock,” and ypatym, to 
 “write.”] A description of rocks; or 
 the art of writing on stone. 
 
 Pe-tro'le-um.* [From pe'tra , a 
 “rock,” and o’leum, “oil.”] “Rock oil.” 
 A bituminous liquid substance that flows 
 between rocks, or issues from the earth. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. and 
 Ed. Ph.) for the Petroleum Barhadense. 
 
 Petroleum Bar-ba-den'se.* A 
 kind of tar found in some parts of Eng- 
 land and Scotland; mineral tar; termed 
 also Bitumen Barhadense. 
 
 Pet'ro-lin, or Pet'ro-line. [Pet- 
 roli'na.] A substance obtained by dis- 
 tillation from petroleum. 
 
 Pet-ro-mas'toid. [From nzrpa, a 
 “rock,” and mastoi'des.] Applied by 
 Owen to the liomologues of the mastoid 
 process in certain mammalia. 
 
 Pe-troph 'i-lus.* [From irtrpa, a 
 “rock,” and 0iAi&>, to “love.”] Literally, 
 “loving rocks.” Growing in rocky or 
 stony places: petroph'ilous. 
 
 Pe-tro'sal. [Petro'sus; from 7r erpa, 
 a “rock.”] Belonging to the petrous 
 portion of the temporal bone. 
 
 Petro'sal Si nus. Applied to each 
 of two sinuses of the dura mater, tho 
 superior and inferior, leading from the 
 409 
 
PET 
 
 PHA 
 
 cavernous sinus backwards to the lateral 
 sinus : so named because they are adjacent 
 to the petrous bone. 
 
 Pet-ro-se-li'num.* [From rhpa, a 
 "rock,” and aeKivov, “ parsley :” named 
 because it grows among stony places.] 
 Parsley. A Linnman genus of the class 
 Pentnndria, natural order Apiaceve. Also, 
 the Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the root of Petroseli'num sati'vum. See 
 Apittm Petroselinum. 
 
 Petroseli'mam Sa-ti'vum.* The 
 systematic name of the common parsley- 
 plant. Also called Apium Petroseli- 
 num. 
 
 Petroseli'num Vul-ga're.* An- 
 other name for Petroselinum Sativum, 
 which see. 
 
 Pe trous. [Petro'sws; from nsTpa, 
 a “rock.”] Belonging to, or resembling, 
 a rock or stone. See Petrosal. 
 
 Pew'ter. [OklFrench, Peautre, po't’r; 
 modern French, Etain, AtaN G '.] An alloy 
 of tin and lead, to which antimony and 
 copper in small proportions are some- 
 times added. 
 
 Pey'er’s Glands [Peye'ri Glan'- 
 dulse], or Pey'er’s Patcli'es. The 
 
 glandulse aggregatse, or assemblages of 
 minute glands on the internal surface of 
 the intestines, first noticed by Peyer. 
 According to Virchow, “a Peyer’s Patch 
 is nothing more than a lymphatic gland 
 spread out as it were upon the sur- 
 face.” 
 
 Plia-^i'tis, i dis.% [From (paxog , the 
 “lentil;” also, the “lens of the eye.”] 
 Inflammation of the crystalline lens. 
 
 PSiac-o-cys'ta,* or Pliac-o-^ys'te.* 
 [From (paxog, a “lentil,” and tcvurri or kvj- 
 ng, a “bag.”] The capsule of the crys- 
 talline lens. 
 
 Phac-o-sys-tec'to-me.* [From pha- 
 coeys'ta , and Iktojx 17 , a “ cutting out.”] 
 Rognetta’s operation for cataract by cut- 
 ting out a part of the capsule. 
 
 Plaac-o-^ys-tec'to-miis.* The in- 
 strument used in the operation of pha- 
 cocystectomy : a phacocystectome. 
 
 Phac-o-^ys-ti'tis, i die.* [From 
 phacocys' ta.\ Inflammation of the cap- 
 sule of the crystalline lens. 
 
 Plia-co-i'tles.* [From a “len- 
 til,” and dbog, a “form.”] Resembling 
 a lentil in form. 
 
 Pliacomalacta,* fak-o-ma-la'she-a. 
 [From (baxdg , a “lentil,” or “lens,” and 
 paXaKia, “softness.”] Softening of the 
 crystalline lens. 
 
 Phac-o-plas'ma, at/s.* [From 0a- 
 c<5f, a “lentil,” and irXdoyia, “any thing 
 410 
 
 moulded.”] A cataplasm, or poultice, 
 of lentils ; also applied to a poultice of 
 linseed meal. 
 
 Piisen-o-car'piis.* [From (pairo/xai , 
 to “appear,” and xap-rrog, “fruit.”] Hav- 
 ing fruits very apparent. 
 
 Phse-nog'a-mous. [Ptisenoga'- 
 mius: from (paircn , to “appear,” and 
 ydpog, “marriage.”] Having stamens 
 and pistils distinctly developed; having 
 manifest flowers. See Phanerogamus. 
 
 Phenomenon. See Phenomenon. 
 
 Phse-noiiie-no-sco'pi-a.* [F rom 
 phsenom' enon, and ckottm, to “examine.”] 
 The observation and examination of 
 (morbid) phenomena. 
 
 Pliag-e-tBse'na.* [From (pdyco , to 
 “eat,” or “eat away.”] A malignant 
 ulcer which spreads very rapidly. 
 
 Phagedena Gan-gre-no'sa.* 
 Hospital gangrene. 
 
 Phag-e-den 'ic. [Phageden'icus.] 
 Belonging to phagedsena. 
 
 P2ia-lan 'ga-gra,* Pha-lan-gar- 
 tliri tis, idis* [From pka'lanx, aypa, 
 a “seizure,” and arthri'tis , “gout.”] 
 Gout of the finger or toe. 
 
 Plia-lasi'ges,* the plural of Phalanx, 
 which see. 
 
 PSaa-lan'gic. [Pfaalan'giciss.] Be- 
 longing to the phalanges. 
 
 PSial'anx* or fa'lanks, plural Plia- 
 lan'ges. [Gr. 0aAayf, a “battalion.”] 
 Applied in the plural to the small bones 
 of the fingers and toes. In Botany, it 
 signifies bundles of adelphous or clus- 
 tered stamens. 
 
 Plial- 1 al ' gi-a.* [From (pa\\6g, the 
 “ memhrum virile ,” or “penis,” and aKyog, 
 “pain.”] Pain in the memhmm virile. 
 
 P2Bal-la-iiefi-rys'ina, a /«'*.* [From 
 0aXXo$, the “ memhrum virile ,” or “penis,” 
 and (bmp 'Gpia, a “ widening,” also “ aneur- 
 ism.”] Aneurism of the penis. 
 
 P2nal-lo-l>len-nor-rlioe'a.* [From 
 0aXXoj, the “penis,” and hlennorrhoe'a.'] 
 Chronic hlennorrlicea, or gleet. 
 
 Phal-lo-car-^i-iio'ma, a tis.* [From 
 (pa\\6g, the “penis,” and xapKircj/xa, “can- 
 cer.”] Cancer of the penis. 
 
 Plial-lo-i'cles.* [From 0aXX<5?, the 
 “ penis,” and ddog, a “form.”] Resembling 
 a penis. 
 
 Plial-lon 'cns.* [From (pa\\6g, the 
 “penis,” and oyxog, a “tumor.”] A mor- 
 bid swelling of the penis. 
 
 Plial-lor-rlia'gl-a.* [From (p<i\\6g, 
 the “ penis,” and fay r"fu, to “ burst forth.”] 
 A bursting forth of blood from the penis. 
 
 Phal-lor-rhoe'a.* [From 0a>\6c, the 
 “penis,” and /5io>, to “flow.”] A flovt 
 
PII A 
 
 PHA 
 
 from the penis (or urethra). Another 
 term for gonorrhoea. 
 
 Phan-er-an-tlie'rus,* Phan-e- 
 raii'thus. - [From (pou/epog, “ evident, ” 
 dvOripos, an “ anther,” and dudog, a “flow- 
 er.”] Having anthers on the outside: 
 phaneranthe'rous. 
 
 Plmii-e-r©g'a-iirioiis. [Phanerog'- 
 amus Phaneroga'mius; from (paxt- 
 pog, “manifest,” “conspicuous,” and ydpog, 
 “ marriage,” or “ union.”] Having mani- 
 fest or conspicuous flowers. A term ap- 
 plied to a grand division of plants, called 
 also flowering , or ph&nogamous, plants. 
 
 Ptian-tas'ma, a tisS : [From 0a^ra^a», 
 to “make appear.”] Phantasm. An 
 apparition; an imaginary representation 
 of objects not really present, the effect 
 of disease of the eye or brain ; phantasy. 
 
 Phan- 1 as- in al ' ic. [ Ph an t asniat 
 icws.] Pertaining to phantasma. 
 
 Phantom. [Phanto'ma, a tis ; 
 from (pai/rdfa, to “make visible.”] The 
 same as Phantasma. Also, the small 
 effigy of a child employed to illustrate 
 the progress of labor. 
 
 Phar-bi'tis Nil.* A convolvula- 
 ceous tropical plant with purgative seeds, 
 which may be substituted for jalap. 
 
 Pliar-ma^eh'tic. [Pharmaeeu- 
 liens; from (pappaKsvu , to “use medi- 
 cines.”] Belonging to pharmacy. 
 
 Phar-ma-^eti ' t ics. [Pliarmaceu '« 
 tica; from the same.] The science of 
 preparing medicines. 
 
 Ptiar-ina-ceii'tist. One skilled in 
 pharmacy ; a druggist. 
 
 Phar'ma-cist. The same as Phar- 
 maceutist. 
 
 Phar-ma-co-dy-nam ics. [Phar- 
 macotlynam'ica; from (pdp/xaKov, a 
 “medicine,” also “poison,” and Zvvapig, 
 “power.”] That branch of Materia 
 Medica which treats of the power or 
 effects of medicines and poisons. 
 
 Phar-ma-cog'no-sy. [From (pappa- 
 kov, a “ medicine,” and yv'Txng, “know- 
 ledge.”] That branch of Pharmacology 
 which treats of simples or unprepared 
 medicines. 
 
 Phar-ma-co-logi-cal. [Phanna- 
 colog'icus.] Of, or belonging to, Phar- 
 macology. 
 
 Pit ar-ma-col'o-gy. [Pharmaco- 
 
 lo'gia? from <pdppaKov , a “medicine,” and 
 Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
 art or science of preparing medicines; 
 that branch of science which treats of 
 medicines; pharmacy. 
 
 Phar ma-con.* [Gr. (pappaxo \] A 
 medicine; a drug; also, a poison. 
 
 Phar-ma-co-poe'ia.* [From <pappa- 
 koi/, a “medicine,” and -noicu >, to “make.”] 
 A book containing directions for com- 
 pounding or preparing medicines. 
 
 Ptiar-ina-co-poe'ial. [Pharma- 
 
 copoeia'lis.] Of, or belonging to, a 
 pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Phar'ma-cy. [Pharma cia; from 
 <pdppa.Kov , a “medicine.”] Th6 art of pre- 
 paring medicines to be used in the treat- 
 ment of diseases ; the trade of a drug- 
 gist. 
 
 Pliar-yn-gargi-a.* [From (poovy % , 
 the “throat,” or “pharynx,” and a\yog , 
 “pain.”] Pain in the pharynx. 
 
 Pliar-yn-gal'g-i-cus.* Belonging to 
 
 pharynya lyi a. 
 
 Phar-yn-ge'al. [Pharynge'us ; 
 
 from (papvy%, the “ pharynx.”] Belonging 
 to the pharynx. 
 
 Pha-ry n-gein-plt rax ' is.* [From 
 
 < p'ipvy £ , the “pharynx,” and epppa^ig, a 
 “stoppage.”] A stoppage or obstruction 
 in the pharynx. 
 
 Pltar-yn-gis'mus.* [From (pdpvyt , 
 the “pharynx.”] Spasm of the muscles 
 of the pharynx. 
 
 Pliar-yn-gi'tis, idis* [From 0dpuy£, 
 the “pharynx.”] Inflammation of the 
 pharynx; also termed Cynan'che phar- 
 ynge’et. 
 
 Plta-ryn'g’O-dyn 'l-a.* [From <pdpvy%, 
 the “pharynx,” and oovsri, “pain.”] 
 Pain, spasmodic or chronic, of the phar- 
 ynx. 
 
 Ptiar-y Bi-gol 'o-gy. [From 0ap»y£, 
 the “pharynx,” and Adyoj, a “discourse.”] 
 That part ot Anatomy which treats of 
 the pharynx. 
 
 Pfia-ryn'go-per-is'to-le.* [From 
 
 <pdpvy(, the “pharynx,” nepi, “around,” 
 and arsXXco, to “set,” to “arrange;” also, 
 to “bind.”] Contraction or constriction 
 of the pharynx. See Pharyngostenia. 
 
 PIb a-r yji 'go-pl e 'gi-a.* [From 0dpuy£ , 
 the “pharynx,” and?rA? 7 y)?, a“ stroke.”] A 
 paralysis of the muscles of the pharynx. 
 
 Pfoa-ryBi-gor-rlia'gi-a.* [From 
 
 (pap ’>y£, the “pharynx,” and prjywpi , to 
 “burst forth.”] A bursting forth or 
 sudden discharge (of blood) from the 
 pharynx. 
 
 Ptia-ryn-go-spas'inns.* [From 
 
 <pdpvyl, the “pharynx,” and o-rtaopog, a 
 “convulsion.”] Spasm of the pharynx. 
 
 Plaa-ryn-go-ste'ni-a.* [From <pdpvy%, 
 the “pharynx,” and artvog, a “strait,” or 
 “difficulty.”] Contraction of the phar- 
 ynx, like pharynyoperistole. 
 
 PSia-ryn'go-toiiie. [Pharyngot'- 
 omus; from <papvy£, the “pharynx," 
 411 
 
PHA 
 
 PHL 
 
 and t£/a v(o, to ‘ cut.”] An instrument 
 invented by Petit for scarifying the ton- 
 sils and opening abscesses about the 
 fauces. 
 
 P2iar-yn-got'o-my. [Pharyngo- 
 
 to'mia; from the same.] The operation 
 of cutting into the pharynx. 
 
 Phar'ynx.* [Gr.0d/>uy£.J The com- 
 mon opening or passage of the gullet 
 and windpipe: in other words, the mus- 
 culo-membranous sac at the back of 
 the mouth and upper part of the oeso- 
 phagus. 
 
 PEiase. [Lat. Pba'sis; Gr. <pdcns, an 
 “appearance.”] Applied in Astronomy 
 to the appearance or shape which the 
 moon and some of the planets present, 
 such as gibbous, horned, halved, and 
 round, or full. 
 
 Piia-si-an'i-dse.* [From phasia'nusy 
 a “pheasant.”] The name of a family 
 of gallinaceous birds, of which the 
 pheasant is the type. 
 
 P 2 ia-si-a'mis.* [Named from the 
 river Pkasis , in Colchis or Pontus, from 
 which it is supposed to have been brought 
 into Europe.] The pheasant. A genus 
 of the order Gallinacese. 
 
 FTiasia'iius Col'clil-cus.** (“ Colchi- 
 can Pheasant.”) The systematic name 
 of the common pheasant, the flesh of 
 which is delicate and easy of digestion. 
 
 Pliasiaiiiis (Jal'liis.'- The syste- 
 matic name of the common domestic 
 fowl; also called Galina doniesticus. 
 
 P^at’ii ar-rlia'gl-a.* [From (fuxrvn, 
 the “socket of a tooth,” and piy^vpa, to 
 “break or burst forth.”] A sudden dis- 
 charge of blood from an alveolus , or 
 tooth-socket. 
 
 Pl»en-iro-pIio'bi-a.* [From (pcyyog , 
 “light,” and ipofo;, “fear.”] A fear or in- 
 tolerance of light. 
 
 Plien'l-cixi, or P2ien'i-cine. [Pluoen- 
 ici'na; from “purple.”] A name 
 
 given by Crum to the substance other- 
 wise named Indijo-carmina , which he 
 discovered. 
 
 Plie-nom e-aia-s-rapli'i-cal. [Pbse- 
 lioaieno^rapli'icus.] Belonging to 
 phenomenography. 
 
 Phe-Jiom’C-nog'ra-phy. [Pbue- 
 iioinenox'i’a'pliia; from phfennm'euon, 
 and ypipbiy to “write.”] A history of 
 morbid phenomena. 
 
 Pli e -31 i>in<e*ii ol ' o-gy. [ P!ia*n om- 
 enola'ftda; from phfpnom'enon , and Ao- 
 yo;, a “discourse.”] The science which 
 treats of the symptoms or phenomena of 
 disease. 
 
 Phe-nom'e-nan. [Plucnoin'e- 
 
 412 
 
 non, or Phaenom'enum; from (balvo . 
 pm, to “appear.”] An appearance: any 
 thing remarkable. 
 
 Phi al, or Vi'al. [Plti'ala; from 
 <pui\n, a “shallow cup, or bowl.”] A 
 small glass bottle for containing liquid 
 medicines. 
 
 Pfailaclelpbaeese, ;:: fil-a-del-fa'she-e. 
 A small natural order of exogenous 
 shrubs, natives of India, Japan, and 
 North America. It includes the Phila- 
 del'phus (Syringa, or Mock-Orange). 
 
 PM-los'o-pber’s Stone. [La'pis 
 Pliilosopho'rnm.] An imaginary sub- 
 stance which, according to the opinion 
 of the alchemists, had the power to 
 transmute base metals into gold. 
 
 Pbi-los'o-pby. [Fbiloso'ptnia ; 
 from (piXeixi , to “love,” and ao^xa, “wis- 
 dom.”] The knowledge of things, natu- 
 ral and moral, founded upon reason and 
 experience. The science of causes and 
 principles. It is sometimes employed to 
 signify the sum total of systematic human 
 knowledge. 
 
 Ptail'tre, or Phil'ter. [From (ptXico , 
 to “love.”] A love-potion; a medicine 
 often used by the ancients for the pur- 
 pose of inspiring love. 
 
 Pliilydraceue,* fil-e-dra'she-e. [From 
 Philif' drum, one of the genera.] A small 
 natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found in China and New Hol- 
 land. 
 
 Plai-nio'sis.* [From 0</xow, to “ muz- 
 zle,” to “bind.”] A constriction of the 
 extremity of the prepuce, so that it can- 
 not be drawn back to uncover the glans. 
 
 Phi-mot i-cus. 5 Belonging to phi- 
 mosis : phimoVlc. 
 
 Pbleb-ec-ta'si-a,* or Phle-bec'ta- 
 
 sas.- [From (fXhp, a “vein,” and £ktuvoj, 
 to “ extend.”] Terms for van * , an en- 
 larged or swelled vein. 
 
 P3iIeb-ec-to'pi-a.* [From <fXhp y a 
 “vein,” and cktoxo;, “out of place.”] 
 The abnormal situation of a vein, from 
 original malformation or the pressure of 
 a tumor. 
 
 Plile-bi'tfs, i dis* [From <p\eip, a 
 “vein.”] Inflammation of a vein. It 
 is distinguished by a hard, cord-like line, 
 tender or painful on being touched, ex- 
 tending along the course of a vein or 
 veins, from an incision or wound. 
 
 Plilobi'tis. IJ'ter-iiie. A term for 
 puerperal fever. 
 
 Phle-bo'fleA.* [From (fiXeip, a 
 
 “ vein,” and ctdof, a “ form.”] Resembling 
 a vein; also, having veins. 
 
 Phle-bogr'ra-phy. [Phlebogrra'- 
 
PHL 
 
 PIIL 
 
 ptiia from a “ vein, ’ and ypttdc j, 
 
 to “ write.”] A description, or history, 
 of the veins. 
 
 P2ile-3>o-i'de§.* [From 0Xri£, a 
 “vein,” and ebh;, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling a vein : phlc'boid. 
 
 Phleb'o-IIte. [PUaJeboli'tes; from 
 a “ vein,” and \i0o;, a “ stone.”] 
 Literally, “ vein-stone.” Applied to 
 small, fibrous, dense bodies sometimes 
 found loose in the veins. 
 
 Phle-bol'o-gy. [Pltoleboflo'gia ; 
 from a ‘‘vein,” and Xdyo;, a “dis- 
 
 course.”] A treatise on the veins; the 
 anatomy of the veins. 
 
 PMcb'o-xne-tri'tis, id is* [From 
 ^Xft//, a “vein,” and metri'tis, “inflam- 
 mation of the womb.”] Venous me- 
 tritis, or inflammation of the veins of the 
 womb. 
 
 Phleb-or-rha'gi-a.^ [From <p\£ip, a 
 “vein,” and piiy^vjii, to “burst forth.”] 
 Sudden discharge of blood from tho rup- 
 ture of a vein* phlcbor'rhagy. 
 
 Pbleb-or-rhex'is.* [From (p\ty , a 
 “vein,” and pV-is, a “breaking,” or 
 “ bursting.”] The bursting, or rupture, 
 of a vein. 
 
 Phi eb-o-ss e-nog' ra-pllii y . [ PBn leb- 
 osc 331 os'ra'phia ; from r/>X:^, a “vein,” 
 axr j n y a “ scene,” and ypJi^co, to “ write.”] 
 An illustrated description of tho veins. 
 See Phlebography. 
 
 Phleb-o-tom i-cal. [Phlebotom'- 
 icus.] Belonging to phlebotomy. 
 
 Phle-bot'o-my. [PSaleboto'maa ; 
 from a “vein,” and r^tveu, to “cut.”] 
 The operation of opening a vein ; vene- 
 section ; blood-letting. 
 
 Phlegm, flem. [Gr. (fXsyya ; from 
 0\;yco, to “burn.”] Originally, “inflam- 
 mation,” but afterwards applied to cer- 
 tain humors supposed to be tho cause of 
 inflammation, and also of diseases un- 
 attended with inflammation. Ono of tho 
 four natural humors of tho ancients. 
 A name given by the old chemists to a 
 watery distilled liquor, as distinguished 
 from a spirituous liquor. In popular 
 language, the thick viscid mucus secreted 
 by the lungs. 
 
 Phlegmasia,* fieg-ma'she-a, plural 
 Phlegmaslie, fleg-m a/she- S. [From 
 ( pXtyu >, to “ burn.”] Phleg'masy. In- 
 flammation accompanied by fever. In 
 the plural, inflammations with fever. 
 An order of the class Pyrexise of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Phleg-ma-sit'i-eus.* Of or belong- 
 ing to phlegmasia , or inflammation; in- 
 flammatory. 
 
 Phlegmatia,* fleg-ma'she-a. [From 
 
 ( pXzyixa , “ phlegm,” a “ watery humor.”] 
 Dropsical swelling. 
 
 Phlegana'tia JDo'lens.* (“ Painful 
 Plilegmatia.”) White-leg. A disease 
 sometimes occurring in women soon after 
 delivery, characterized by pain, increas- 
 ing to an excruciating degree, along the 
 thigh and leg to the foot, each part gra- 
 dually becoming much swelled and very 
 tense. 
 
 Ph leg-mat 'ic. [Phlegamat'icus.] 
 
 Relating to phlegm ; abounding in 
 phlegm; dull; sluggish. 
 
 Ph leg' moil. [Phleg'mone; from 
 ( pXiycx), to “burn.”] A bright red in- 
 flammation. 
 
 Phleg'mo-noid. [PSilcgmonoi'- 
 
 des ; from (pXsyjjiosrj, a “ tumor,” and cldog, 
 a “ form.”] Resembling phlegmon. 
 
 Phlegmonosns. See Phlegmo- 
 nous. 
 
 Phleg'mo-iMKcs. [Plulegmon©'- 
 
 des; from ^Xsy^toy > 7 , “tumor,” cr “in- 
 flammation.”] Of the naturo of phleg- 
 mon ; pertaining to phlegmon. 
 
 Phloc-o-ri'ziiEi, written also PCulo- 
 rid'zin, or PCtlo-rid'z:ane. [From 
 <p\oio;, “bark,” and pi'a, a “root.”] A 
 peculiar substance discovered in the bark 
 of tho root of the apple, pear, and cherry 
 tree. 
 
 Phlo-gis'tic. [Phlogis'ticus.] Be- 
 longing to the supposed principle named 
 phlogiston; also, synonymous with “in- 
 flammatory.” 
 
 Pihlo-gis'ti-cat-ed Air, or Phlo- 
 
 gis'ticated Gas. A term for nitrogen. 
 
 PEilo-gis'ton.* [From ^XoyGw, to 
 “burn.”] An imaginary principle by 
 which Stahl and the chemists of his 
 school accounted for the phenomena of 
 combustion. They supposed the matter 
 of fire existing in combustible bodies to 
 be expelled in the process of combustion. 
 By some, phlogiston was thought to be 
 identical with hydrogen ; while oxygen 
 was termed deplilogisticated air, that is, 
 air destitute of phlogiston (or the princi- 
 ple of inflammability). 
 
 Plilo-gos'ic. [PEilogos'icus ; Fi\ 
 Plilogosique , flo'go'zek'.] In Pathology, 
 belonging to phlogos is. Applied in Geo- 
 logy to an order of pyrogenous earths, 
 comprehending the Pseudo-Volcanic, 
 which see. 
 
 PHalo-go'sis.* [From r/>Xoyda>, to “in- 
 flame.”] Inflammation : somo writers 
 apply it to erysipelatous inflammation. 
 A genus of the order Phlegmasia, class 
 Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 413 
 
PIIL 
 
 PHO 
 
 Phlo-got ic. [Phlog'ot'ieus.] Be- 
 longing to phlogosis ; inflammatory. 
 
 P2ilo-got 'i-ca.' ;ii [ From phlogot' icus y 
 “inflammatory.”] The name of an or- 
 der in Dr. (rood's Nosology, comprising 
 the various forms of inflammation. 
 
 Fliloridzin. See Phlceorizin. 
 
 Phl|c*tjena. :: [From <pXi 5o>, to 
 
 “bubble up.”] A pellucid vesicle con- 
 ing a serous fluid. 
 
 Phlyc-tae-iio'des.* [From plilyc- 
 tse'na .] Having or resembling phlyc- 
 tsena. 
 
 Phlyxj-taeii'u-la.* [Diminutive of 
 phlyctse'na .] A little vesicle ; applied to 
 such as occur in scrofulous inflammation 
 of the conjunctiva, filled with a thin, 
 colorless fluid. 
 
 Phlyc'te-noid. [Phlyctienoi'des ; 
 
 from phlyctse' na, and etSog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling phlyctsena. 
 
 Plilyc'tis, idis.% [From (fXv^a >, to 
 “boil.”] The same as Phlyctsena, 
 which see. 
 
 Phly'sis.* [From (fXv^oi, or cj/Xv-jj, to 
 “ boil,” to “ swell up.”] A generic term 
 applied by Dr. Good to the different 
 forms of whitlow. 
 
 Paily-za/cious. [Phlyza'cius.] 
 
 Belonging to a phlyzacium. 
 
 Phlyzacium,* fli-za'she-um. [From 
 </>Xu,'co, to “ boil,” to “ swell up.”] Ap- 
 plied by Willan to a small pustule con- 
 taining pus, raised on a round, hard, 
 inflamed base, and terminating in a dark- 
 colored scab. 
 
 Piioenicisia. See Phenicin. 
 
 Plioeu-i-cis'mus.* [From 
 “red.”] A name given to Rubeola, 
 which see. 
 
 P3ioen-i-cis'ti-cus.* Belonging to 
 
 phaenicisnius. 
 
 Plioeii-i-cop'y-rus.* [From 0om£, 
 a “ purple-red,” and py'rum, a “ pear.”] 
 Having pyriform and fed fruit. 
 
 Plioe'nix Dac-ty-lif'e-ra. i: The 
 
 systematic name of the date palm-tree. 
 
 Phoea-o-dina,* or Phoeit'o-dine. 
 [From phaeno'des, “of a blood-color.”] 
 A term for the Cruor sanguinis, or blood 
 clot ; also used for hsematina. 
 
 Phoen-o-din'i-cus.* Belonging to 
 phoenodi'na: phenodinic. 
 
 Plio-na'tion. [Phona'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the “ voice.”] The formation 
 of the voice; also, the physiology of the 
 voice. 
 
 Pho-nct'ic. [Phonet'icus; from 
 the “ voice.”] Pertaining to the 
 voioe ; pertaining to, or representing, 
 artioulate sounds. 
 
 414 
 
 | Phon'ic. [Phon'icus; from the 
 same.] Sometimes the same as Phonetic. 
 In Physics, the point or place in which 
 is situated either the person who speaks, 
 or the body which emits the sound, is 
 called the phonic centre. 
 
 Plion'i-ca.* [From plion'icns, “per- 
 taining to sound.”] Diseases affecting 
 the vocal avenues. The name of an order 
 in Good’s Nosology. 
 
 Plaon'ics. [From the same.] The 
 doctrine or science of sounds. Sometimes 
 employed in the same manner as Acous- 
 tics. 
 
 Phon-o-camp'sis.* [From pcoi >h f 
 the “ voice,” and leaning, a “ bending,” or 
 “reflecting.”] In Physics, a throwing 
 back, or reflecting, of sound; echo. 
 
 Ph ©si-o-camp ' tic. [Phonocamp ' - 
 ticus.] Belonging to plionocamjisis ; 
 able, or adapted, to reflect sounds. The 
 phonocamptic centre is the situation 
 where the ear is placed in order to re- 
 ceive reflected sounds. . 
 
 Ph© 2 i-o-camp'tfi-ca.* [From phon - 
 ocamp'sis, an “ echo.”] That branch of 
 Physics which treats of the reflection of 
 sound : phonocamp'tics. 
 
 Phoii-o-ehor'dav* [From a 
 
 “voice,” and chor'dse, “chords.”] The 
 Chordae vocoles , or vocal chords. 
 
 Pho-aiog'ra-phy. [Phonogra'- 
 phia; from 9 ! xnvrj , “voice,” or “sound,” 
 and ypdf/»a>, to “ write.”] The art of writing 
 words according to their pronunciation 
 or sound. Also, a description of the 
 voice or of sound. 
 
 Pho-noPo-gy. [PSioiuolo'gia; from 
 
 (p(x)vri y “voice,” or “sound.”] The science 
 which treats of the modifications of the 
 voice, or of the distinctive character of 
 different articulate sounds. 
 
 Phos'gene. [Phos'genus ; from 
 </>aV, “light,” and yvju, to “be born.”] 
 Literally, “born of light.” Applied to 
 chloro-carbonic gas, because it is pro- 
 duced by the action of the solar rays 
 upon a mixture of equal parts of chlorine 
 and carbonic oxide gas. 
 
 Phosgene Gas. See Phosgene, and 
 Piiotogene Gas. 
 
 Phos'pliate. f Phos'phas, a'f*s.] 
 A salt formed of phosphoric acid and a 
 base. 
 
 Phos'pliate of lame. [Cal'cis 
 Phos'phas, a'fiY] A combination of 
 phosphoric acid and lime, forming the 
 solid, or earthy, portion of bones. 
 
 Phosphate of Soda. See Sod.e 
 Phosphas. 
 
 Phos'phat-ed. [Phosphatus ; 
 
PIIO 
 
 PHO 
 
 from phos'phas, a “ phosphate.”] Ap- 
 plied to a base converted into a phos- 
 phate by combination with phosphoric 
 acid. 
 
 Phos-phat'ic. [Phosphat'icus.] 
 
 Belonging to, or containing, a phosphate. 
 
 Plios phite. [Phos'phis, i'*/s.] 
 A combination of phosphorous acid with 
 a base. 
 
 Phos'pho-rat-ed. [Phosphora'- 
 tus; from pho*' phorus.] Combined, or 
 impregnated, with phosphorus. 
 
 Pfoosphore. See Phosphorus. 
 
 Phos*pho*res\‘ence. [Phospho- 
 rescen'tia; from phos'phoruaj] The 
 quality of becoming luminous at the 
 ordinary temperature in the dark. A 
 luminous appearance presented by many 
 vegetable and animal substances, such, 
 for example, as phosphorescent (decay- 
 ing) wood, the glow-worm, jelly-fish, etc. 
 
 PSios-pho-resvent. [Pliospho* 
 res'ceais; from the same.] Emitting 
 light without heat, like phosphorus. See 
 Phosphorescence. 
 
 Phos-s>hor'ic. [Phosphor'icns ; 
 from the same.] Applied to an acid of 
 the third degree of oxidation of phos- 
 phorus. 
 
 P2i os' pho- rous. [Phosphoro'sus ; 
 
 from the same.] Applied to an acid 
 which contains one equivalent of phos- 
 phorus and three of oxygen. 
 
 Phos-pho-ru'n-a. ;!: [From phos- 
 
 phorus , and ovpov, the “ urine. ”] The 
 presence of phosphorus in the urine. 
 See Photuria. 
 
 Phos'pho-rtis.* [Gr. (pompdpog, the 
 “ day-star;” from “light,” and <pepw } 
 to “bring.”] (Fr. Phosphorc, fos'foR'.) 
 Originally, the “day-star.” A translu- 
 cent, nearly colorless substance, resem- 
 bling wax, without taste, but having a 
 peculiar smell. It is extremely inflam- 
 mable, and should be kept under water 
 and protected from the light. When 
 exposed to the air, it emits white fumes 
 which are luminous in the dark. It has 
 been placed on the primary list of the 
 Materia Medica of the U.S. Pharma- 
 copoeia for 1860. In nature it is always 
 found in combination with oxygen, i.e. 
 in the state of phosphoric aeid. Phos- 
 phorus, in small doses, acts as a power- 
 ful general stimulant ; in large doses, it 
 is an irritant poison. 
 
 Phosphorus, Baldwin's. See 
 IIomberg’s Phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphorus of Canton. See Can- 
 ton’s Phosphorus. 
 
 Phos phu-ret. [Phosphure'tum ; 
 
 from pKos'pKoru*.] A combination of 
 phosphorus with a combustible body, or 
 a metallic oxide. 
 
 Phos'pliu-ret-e<l. The same as 
 Phosphorated, which see. 
 
 Pliospliuria. See Photuria. 
 
 Pho-targi-a.* [From </<ordj, 
 
 “light,” and aXyo;, “ pain.”] Pain arising 
 from too much light: photalgy. 
 
 Phot'i-ca.* [From iptig, pcordg, “light.”] 
 The doctrine of the nature and appear- 
 ance of light: phot'ics. 
 
 Phot'i-cus.* Of or belonging to 
 light: photic. 
 
 Pho-to-eainp'sfs.* [From </ak, £wr<5f, 
 “light,” and Kopipig, a “bending.”] Re- 
 fraction of the rays of light. 
 
 Pho-to-dys-pho'rl-a.* [From <£wj, 
 <pioTcg, “light,” and clyspho'ria , “restless- 
 ness.”] Intolerance of light. 
 
 Pho'to-gene Gas. The same as 
 Phosgene, which see. 
 
 Pho-to-gen'ic. [Photogen'icus ; 
 from “ light,” and yaw, to “be 
 
 born or produced.”] Produced or cre- 
 ated by the light, as photographic pic- 
 tures. 
 
 Pho-to-grraph'ic, or Plio-to- 
 graph'i-cal. [Photograph 'ieus.] 
 
 Belonging to photography; photogenic. 
 
 Pho-tog'ra-phy. [Pltologra'pliia ; 
 
 from (/.(3s, <j.cot6$. “ light,” and ypapM, to 
 “delineate. ] The production of the 
 images of objects by the action of light 
 on metal, paper, glass, etc., prepared for 
 the purpose by chemical agencies. This 
 art is sometimes called, from the name 
 of M. Daguerre, the inventor, daguerreo- 
 type , which term is also applied to a pic- 
 ture or representation thus produced. 
 
 Pho-to-leg i-cal. [Photolo&'ieus.] 
 Belonging to photology. 
 
 Pho-tol 'o-gy. [Photolo'gia; from 
 <pM$, (pares , “light,” and Aoyo;, a “dis- 
 course.”] The science or doctrine of 
 light. 
 
 Pho-tom 'e-tor. [Fhotom 'etrum ; 
 
 from (f/Sis , “light,” and fxerpov, a “mea- 
 sure.”] An instrument % which to 
 ascertain the comparative intensity of 
 light. 
 
 Pho-to-met'ri-cal. [Photomet'- 
 
 ricus.] Belonging to photometry. 
 
 Pho-tom 'e-try. [Photome'tria ; 
 from 0ws, (pwTog , “light,” and pzTpioi, to 
 “measure.”] The science which treats 
 of the measurement of light. Also, the 
 act of measuring light. 
 
 Pho-ton '©-sos,* Pho-ton'o-sus.* 
 [From 0(Of, “light,” and voco;, “disease.”] 
 Applied to any disease arising from ex- 
 415 
 
PHO 
 
 PHY 
 
 posure to a gfare of light, as snow-blind- 
 ness, sun-stroke, etc. 
 
 Pho-to-pho'bi-a.^ [From (bug, 
 “ light/’ and <j)doo;, “fear.”] A dread or 
 intolerance of light. 
 
 PIi©-to-pfi<j>t>'i-eus. :i: ' Belonging to 
 photophobia : photopho'bic. 
 
 Piio-top'sy. [PBiotop'sia; from 
 $2;, “ light,” and fyis, “ sight.”] An ap- 
 pearance or sense of light from internal 
 causes. 
 
 Plio-tor-rlhex'ls.* [From $'2$, 
 “light,” and /$.)£(?, a “breaking.”] Re- 
 fraction of the rays of light. 
 
 I*tio' to-si>2iere. [PSfiotf-ospBsse'ra ; 
 from 62;, “ light,” and cpaTpa, a “ sphere.”] 
 The “Sphere of Light.” The luminous 
 atmosphere of the sun. 
 
 Plio-tu'ri-a.* [From (p2 ; , “light,” 
 and ovpo;, the “urine.”] Urine which 
 has a luminous appearance as it passes 
 from the urethra; luminous urine. 
 
 Piirag-'ina, Mis.* [From (ppaaacj, to 
 “ enclose.”] Applied in Botany to a 
 spurious dissepiment of a pericarp. 
 
 PhragTuo-cone. [ PBs Fagmoc© ' - 
 lias : from 0pa< ro-ca, to “ divide,” and Khvog, 
 a “cone.”] The cone of the Belemnitc, 
 which is divided into chambers. 
 
 Pliren^sie. See Piirenitis. 
 
 Pliren'ic. [Plireai'icus ; from typri”, 
 the “ diaphragm.”] Belonging to the 
 diaphragm. 
 
 Pliren i-ca. ;;: [From the “dia- 
 phragm,” or parts adjacent to the heart 
 (supposed by the ancients to be the seat of 
 the intellect, as well as of the feelings) : 
 hence, the “mind.”] Medicines which 
 affect the mental faculties ; also, the 
 name of an order in Dr. Grood’s Nosology, 
 comprising diseases affecting the intel- 
 lect. 
 
 Phre-nit'ic, or PflB re-net 'ie. 
 [Plirenit'icus.] Belonging to phreui- 
 tis. 
 
 Plire-ni'tis, id is.* [From 0p»;v, the 
 “mind.”] (Fr. Phrenesie , fni'ni'z^'.) 
 Inflammation of the brain; phrenzy. A 
 genus of the order Phlegmasia class Py- 
 rexiae , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Pit re n -o- log i-cal. [ PEi renolo^'- 
 iens.] Belonging to Phrenology. 
 
 Plire-nol'o-gya [PDirenolo'gia ; 
 from <(>pna f the “mind,” and X'iyo?, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on the faculties of 
 the human mind, and the organs by 
 which they arc said to manifest them- 
 selves. Usually anplied to the science 
 (if so it may be called) which treats of 
 tho faculties and propensities of the hu- 
 man mind, as dependent on the develop- 
 416 
 
 ment of brain. Each different faculty 
 is supposed to reside in a particular part 
 of the brain, which part is termed the 
 organ of the faculty to which it is appro- 
 priated. 
 
 Plhiremo-Magrnetism, Plireno- 
 Mesmerism. See Mesmero-Phre- 
 
 NOLOGY. 
 
 JP2nreitftzy. See Phrenitis. 
 
 PlaHkeiriasis. See Piithiriasis. 
 
 PBatBairiasis,--* thc-ri'a-sis. [From 
 $0cip, a “louse.”] A disease in which 
 lice are bred on different parts of the 
 body; called al:o J [or' bus pedicula* ris, 
 or “lousy disease.” Sec Pediculation. 
 
 PUatSuis'I-cal. [PBitBiis'iCMS.] Be- 
 longing to phthisis ; consumptive. 
 
 PUatBnisiews. See Phthisical. 
 
 PSilMsIe. See Phthisis Pulmona- 
 lis. 
 
 PEitSiiis-i-ol'o-gy • [PSitliisiolo'g-ia ; 
 
 from (pOicri “consumption,” and Xoyo;, a 
 “ discourse.”] A dissertation or treatise 
 on phthisis, or consumption; that branch 
 of Pathology which treats of consump- 
 tion. 
 
 PSitEiisis,* ti'sis. [From (pOioj , to 
 “consume.”] Pulmonary consumption, 
 characterized by emaciation, debility, 
 cough, hectic fever, and purulent expec- 
 toration. 
 
 Pfrttii'sis Pul-mo-na'lis. 5 ' (Fr. 
 
 Phthisic , te'zF.) See Pulmonary Con- 
 sumption. 
 
 Plitlioe,* tho'e. [From 00iVco, to 
 “corrupt.”] Ulceration of the lungs. 
 
 PEny-cogr'ra-plhy. [PJnycoffra'- 
 plfoia; from ([>vko;, a “fucus,” or “sea- 
 weed,” and ypa0cu, to “write.”] A his- 
 tory or description of the Fuel. 
 
 PSiy-co-i •da'tns. i: ' [From <f>vKo;, a 
 “fucus,” and ddo;, “resemblance.”] Ap- 
 plied in the plural neuter ( Phycoida'ta ) 
 by Lingbye to a section of the Hydro - 
 phyta (aquatic plants). 
 
 P2iy-coI'©-g;y. [PEiyeoBo'eria; from 
 <j)VKo; f a “fucus,” or “sea-weed,” and 
 Xj yog, a “discourse.”] That part of Bo- 
 tany which treats of the Fuci. 
 
 Pihyl-lan'tEiiis.* [From (pvWov , a 
 “leaf,” and hOo;, a “flower.”] Having 
 flowers upon the leaves, with their pe- 
 duncles adherent to the principal nervuro 
 of the leaves: phyllan'thous. 
 
 Pliyl'le-riti. [PtnyMcri'na.] An 
 alkaloid substanco obtained from the 
 Pln/Ueria lad folia. 
 
 Pliyl-le-ryfli'rini. [Phyllcrytli- 
 
 ri'na; from v, a “leaf,” and IpuOp&s, 
 “red.”] The same as Erythropiiyll, 
 which see. •» 
 
PHY 
 
 PHY 
 
 Phyl-lo'defc.* [From (pvWov, a “leaf,” 
 and el dog, “resemblance.”] Having 
 leaves ; resembling leaves. 
 
 Pli^l-lo'di-uin.* [From the same.] 
 A petiole which dilates so much as to re- 
 semble a leaf. 
 
 Pliy l-lo&'e-nous. [Pliyllog'enus ; 
 
 from ifoWov, a “leaf,” and ywo, to “be 
 born,” to “grow.”] Growing upon 
 leases. 
 
 Pliyl'loid. [Phylloi'des ; from 
 <f>v\\ov, a “leaf,” and eldog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a leaf. 
 
 Phyl-lo-plie'in. [Pliyllopli.Ti'na; 
 
 from ( pvWov, a “ leaf,” and (fraiog, “ dusky.”] 
 The dusky or brown coloring matter of 
 leaves. 
 
 Pliyl-los'po-rus.* [From 0t5AAov, a 
 “leaf,” and anupa, “seed.”] Having the 
 seed in or under the leaf. 
 
 Phyl-lo-tax'is,* or Phyl-lo-tax'y. 
 
 [From (pvWov, a “leaf,” and ru£ff, “ar- 
 rangement.”] The arrangement of 
 leaves on the stem. It is a curious fact 
 that the course of development in growing 
 plants is universally spiral. A complete 
 circuit around a stem formed by the 
 spiral line drawn from any leaf to the 
 leaf which is exactly over it, is called a 
 cycle. 
 
 Pliyl-lox-an 'thin. [Phylloxaii- 
 
 tlii na; from (pvWov, a “leaf,” and %ai/06g, 
 “yellow.”] The yellow coloring matter 
 of the leaf of a plant. 
 
 Phy'ma, a tie,* plural Phy'ma-ta. 
 [From 0uw, to “produce.”] A tubercle 
 on any external part of the body ; also, 
 a genus of Willan’s arrangement of cu- 
 taneous diseases. 
 
 Phy-mat'ic. [Phymat'icus.] Be- 
 longing to phyma. 
 
 Phy-ma-to'des.* [From phy'ma.] 
 Resembling or having phymata* 
 
 Pliy'ma-toid. [Phymatoi'des; 
 from 0d/i a, a “growth,” a “tumor,” and 
 ttdoj, a “form.”] Resembling a tumor. 
 
 Phy-ma-to'sis.* [From 0r)/ ua, a 
 “growth,” a “tumor.”] The formation 
 or progress of tubercular disease. 
 
 Phys-co'ni-a.* [From <[>v ikw, “big- 
 bellied.”] Enlargement of the abdomen, 
 marked by a tumor occupying one part 
 of it, of slow growth, and neither sono- 
 rous nor fluctuating. A genus of the 
 order Intnmescentise , class Cachexise, of 
 Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Pity s-con 'i-cus. * Belonging to f)hys- 
 conin. 
 
 Phy -staler, e'r is* [From 0uo-a&>, to 
 ;< blow.”] A “blower;” the spermaceti 
 whale ; also called by its Biscayan name 
 36 
 
 of Cachalot. A genus of the class Mam - 
 malia, order Cetacea. 
 
 Phy se ' ter Mac-ro-^eph 'a-lus.* 
 
 The systematic name for the species of 
 whale principally affording spermaceti 
 and ambergris. 
 
 Phys-I-at'ri-ca.* [From <pvatg, “na- 
 ture,” and iarpda , “medical treatment.”] 
 The doctrine or science which treats of 
 the healing powers of nature: physia- 
 trics. 
 
 Phys-i-at'ri-cus.* Belonging to 
 physiatnca : physiat'rical. 
 
 Phys'ic. [From (pvoiKog , “pertaining 
 to nature,” “natural,” or “according to 
 the laws of nature.”] Applied to the 
 science of medicine, and to medicines 
 employed in the cure of diseases. 
 
 Phys'I-cal. [Phys'icus; from 
 “nature.”] Belonging to nature; nearly 
 synonymous with natural. 
 
 Pby-si^ian. [From the same.] (Fr. 
 Medecin , m&d'saN 0 '.) A doctor of medi- 
 cine or physic ; one who has been au- 
 thorized by an incorporated institution 
 to practise medicine. 
 
 Physics. [Phys'ica; from the 
 same.] In its most extensive significa- 
 tion, that science which treats of the 
 nature, laws, etc. of the entire material 
 universe. 
 
 The objects of physical science may 
 be studied in three different points of 
 view : they may be examined in relation 
 to their different properties, with respect 
 to their constituent parts, and in regard 
 to their appearance and exterior quali- 
 ties. These three distinct views give 
 rise to the three great divisions of natu- 
 ral science, namely, Natural Philosophy 
 (or Physics, in a more restricted sense), 
 Chemistry, and Natural History. Natu- 
 ral Philosophy has for its object the 
 properties of bodies, Chemistry studies 
 their elementary principles, and Natural 
 History observes their physiognomy and 
 external characteristics. 
 
 Phys-i-o£'e-ny. [Physioge'nia ; 
 from (pvxjig. “nature,” and ymo, to “be 
 born,” to “be produced.”] The produc- 
 tion of things by nature. 
 
 Phys-i-og-no-mon i-oa.* [From 
 ( p''<Tioyv(x)n')v£(x >, to “judge of a man by his 
 features.”] The doctrine of judging by 
 the looks or features of the countenance: 
 physiognomon'ics. 
 
 PUys-i-og-nom'o-ny. [Pftysiog^ 
 
 noino'nia.] See Physiognomy. 
 
 Phys-i-og'no-my. [Physiogno'* 
 mia; from (p"Gioyi'wpoveM , to “judge of 
 a man by his features.”] The art of 
 417 
 
PIIY 
 
 PHY 
 
 judging of the moral and intellectual 
 character by examining the features of 
 the countenance. Also, the study of 
 diseases from an examination of the fea- 
 tures or general appearance of the coun- 
 tenance. 
 
 Phys-bogra-phy. [Physiogra- 
 piiia; from <pvjig, “nature,” and ypa0a>, 
 to “write.”] A description of objects 
 which together constitute nature. 
 
 Pli^s-i-»-logi-cal. [Physiolog'- 
 icus.] Belonging to Physiology. 
 
 Piiys-i-olo-gy. [Pliysiolo'gia; 
 from <pvjt$, “nature,” and \6yog, a “dis- 
 course.”] The doctrine of vital phenom- 
 ena, or the science of the functions of 
 living bodies, is divided, according to 
 the two great classes of organized beings, 
 into animal and vegetable physiology. 
 Animal physiology is by some writers 
 divided into three branches: namely, 
 the physiology of the sanguineous, of the 
 nervous, and of the muscular system. 
 These three systems, which have been 
 termed the tripod of life, are intimately 
 linked or mingled together ; and they 
 can only be properly studied by keeping 
 constantly in view their relations to 
 each other. 
 
 Physiol'ogy, Gen'e-ral. That which 
 
 regards the general laws of life. 
 
 Physiorogy, Special, treats of the 
 nature and functions of particular or- 
 gans, as of the heart, the lungs, the 
 liver, the kidneys, etc. 
 
 Physiology, Vegetable. See Vege- 
 table Physiology. 
 
 Phys-I-oii'o-my. [Physiono'mia ; 
 
 from (j)v.7ig, “nature,” and voyog, a “law.”] 
 The doctrine of the laws of nature. 
 
 Pliys-o-car'pus.* [From 0£o-a,“ wind,” 
 and xipnog, “fruit.”] Having fruit con- 
 taining air, as the pods of certain plants. 
 
 Paiys-o-col'i-ca.* [From 0*kra,“wind,” 
 and col'ica , the “colic.”] Flatulent colic. 
 
 Phy s-o-m e ' t ra. ;: [From (pvaa , 
 
 “ wind,” and yrjrpa, the “womb.”] Tym- 
 pany, or windy swelling of the womb. 
 A genus of the order lntumescentiae, class 
 Cachexise , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Phy-tan-a-to ' ml-a.* [From (pvrSv, 
 a “plant,” and anato'mia, “ anatomy.”] 
 The anatomy of vegetables. 
 
 Pliyt-e-rytli-ri'na.* [From <pvr6v, 
 a “plant,” and epvOpdg, “red.”] The red 
 coloring matter in plants. See Ery- 
 TnROPHYLL. 
 
 Pliy-tipti'a-gous. The same as 
 Phytophagous, which see. 
 
 Phy-tiv'o-rous. [Phytiv'orus ; 
 
 from (fi'trdv, a “plant,” and vo'ro, to “de- 
 
 418 
 
 vour.”] Plant-devouring. The same 
 as Phytophagous. 
 
 Phy-to-che'im-a.* [From c(>vt6v , a 
 “ plant,” and che'mia, “ chemistry.”] The 
 chemistry of plants,* or vegetable chemis- 
 try. 
 
 Phy-to-chem l-cal. [Phytocheiii'- 
 
 icus.J Belonging to phytnchemia. 
 
 Pliy-tog'e-ny, or Phy-to-gen'e- 
 sis.* [Phytogene'sia; from (pv tov, a 
 “plant,” and ymo, to “be born.”] Ger- 
 mination, the commencement of vegeta- 
 tion ; also, the doctrine or science of the 
 generation of plants. 
 
 Phy-to-ge-og'ra-phy. [Phyto- 
 geogra'phia; from 0urov, a “plant,” 
 yrj, the “earth,” and ypipa), to “write.”] 
 Geographical Botany; or that part of 
 Botany which treats of the geographical 
 distribution of plants. 
 
 Phy-to-graph l-cal. [Phy to- 
 
 graph 'icus.] Belonging to phytogra- 
 phy. 
 
 Phy-tog ra-phy. [Phylogra'- 
 phia; from (pirov , a “plant,” and ypu0cu, 
 to “write.”] A description of plants. 
 Descriptive Botany; or that part of 
 Botany which treats of the rules to be 
 observed in describing and naming 
 plants. 
 
 Phy'toicl. [Phytoi'des; from 0*>roj/, 
 a “plant,” and udog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling a plant. 
 
 Phytolaccaceae,* fi-to-lak-ka'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous plants 
 (herbs or under-shrubs), natives of Africa, 
 India, and America. It includes Phyto- 
 lacca (Poke). 
 
 Phy-to-lac'^se Bac'ca,* or Pliy- 
 tolac'cie Bac'^av* (“Poke Berry,” 
 or “ Poke Berries.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the berries of the 
 Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 Phytolac'cne Ra'dix.* (“Poke 
 Root.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the root of the Phytolacca de- 
 candra. 
 
 Phy'to-lite. [Phytoli'tes: from 
 
 0*i r6i>, a “plant,” and XiOog, a “stone.”] 
 A petrified or fossil plant. 
 
 Phy-to-log l-cal. [Phytolog'i- 
 cus.] Belonging to phytology. 
 
 Phy-tol'o-gy. [Phytolo'gia; from 
 (J)vt6v, a “ plant,” and \6yog, a“ discourse.”] 
 A treatise on plants, or the science of 
 plants. Botany in general. 
 
 Pliy'ton. A term applied by some to 
 a simple plant-element, such as, first, the 
 radicle of the embryo, secondly, the joint 
 of s f em and leaf; and so on. (See Gray’s 
 Structural a:id Systematic Botany.) 
 
PHY 
 
 PIL 
 
 Phy-toph'a-gous. [Pliytopli'a- 
 
 from 0urdy, a “ plant/’ and 0dyo>, 
 to “eat.”] Subsisting on the leaves of 
 trees and plants. 
 
 Pli;f-t©-pliys-i-©ro-gy. [Pliyto- 
 pliysiolo ^ia; from <pvrdi/, a “plant,” 
 and physiolo'gia , “physiology.’’] The 
 doctrine of the internal economy of 
 plants. 
 
 Pliy-tot'o-my. [Phytoto'mfa ; 
 
 from (pvrdv , a “ plant,” and rcyvu, to “ cut.”] 
 The dissection of vegetables. Vegetable 
 anatomy ; the study of the minute struc- 
 ture of plants as revealed by the micro- 
 scope. 
 
 Phy-t©-tr©'phi-a.* [From 0urdi/, a 
 “plant,” and Tpocpf/, “nourishment.”] 
 The nutrition of plants, and the con- 
 sideration of the best means for pro- 
 moting it. 
 
 Pliy-to-zo'om,* or PBiy-to-zo'mn.* 
 
 [From (p'trdv, a “plant,” and { \mv, an 
 “animal.”] A term applied by some 
 naturalists to such animals as polypi 
 and corallina ; a zoophyte. 
 
 Pi'a Ma'ter.* (“Tender Mother.”) 
 (Fr. Pie Mere, p& meR.) The most 
 internal of the three membranes of the 
 brain. See Dura Mater. 
 
 Pi-ar-life'ini-a.** [From ntap, “fat,” 
 and alpa, “ blood.”] The presence of fat 
 in the blood. 
 
 Pi'ca.** A term applied to depraved 
 appetite, or desire for varied and unnatu- 
 ral food, common in chlorosis, pregnancy, 
 etc. A genus of the order Dysorexise, 
 class Locales, of Cullen s Nosology. 
 
 Pi'ce-a.* [From pix. pi’eis, “pitch;” 
 Gr. 7 nrra, or ir facm, the “pitch-tree.”] A 
 name for the Pinus abiej. 
 
 Pi' ce-us.* Belonging to pitch, or tar : 
 pi'ceous. 
 
 Picrjena Excelsa. See Quassia. 
 
 Pic 'rin, or Pic'rine. [From n ixpdg, 
 “bitter.”] A bitter substance procured 
 from Digita’lis purpu'rea, and said to 
 be identical with digitalin. 
 
 Pic'ro-mel, el 7 /s.* [From nuepoq, 
 “bitter,” and psXi, “honey.”] A sub- 
 stance having a bitter and sweetish taste. 
 The characteristic principle of bile. 
 
 Pic-ro-tox'ic. [Picrotox'icus.] 
 Applied to salts of which picrotoxin 
 forms the base. 
 
 Pic-ro-tox'in, or Pic-ro-tox'me. 
 [Picrotoxi'na 5 from ntKpdq, “bitter,” 
 and to%ikov, “poison.”] The poisonous 
 principle of the Cocculus Tndicus. 
 
 Pied, pe-&'. The French word for 
 “foot.” See Pes. 
 
 Pie Mere. See Pia Mater. 
 
 Pierre, pe-eR. The French term for 
 Calculus, which see. 
 
 Pierre d’Aiinant, pe-eR dAmoN 0 '. 
 A French term for Magnet, which 
 see. 
 
 Pig'ment. [Pignien 'tu 111; fron 
 pin' go, to “paint.”] Any color used by 
 painters. 
 
 Pigment. A black amorphous sub- 
 stance, found normally in the skin, etc., 
 and abnormally in various other parts 
 of the body. See Melan^mia. 
 
 Pig-men turn Ni grum.* A black 
 or dark pigment which covers the inter- 
 nal surface of the choroid membrane of 
 the eye. 
 
 Pil. = Pil'ula,* or piVulttf* A “pill,” 
 or “pills.” 
 
 Pi-Ia're Ma'lnm.* (“ Hair Disease.”) 
 See Triciiosis. 
 
 Pil'e-ate. [Pilea'tns: from pi'leus, 
 a “hat.”] Having a hat or a cap. 
 
 Pil-e-I-f©r'mis.* [From the same.] 
 Having the form of a hat: pil'eiform. 
 
 Piles. (Fr. Hemorrh aides, i'me'ro’- 
 £d'.) A disease of the veins at the ex- 
 tremity of the rectum, around the anus, 
 assuming a knotted or clustered con- 
 dition ; hemorrhoids. See H^emorriiois. 
 
 Pil'e-us.* [From niAo;, a “hat,” or 
 “cap.”] The cap or orbicular expansion 
 of a mushroom. 
 
 Pi'li,** gen. Pi-lo'rum, the plural of 
 Pilus, which see. 
 
 Pi'li Con-gen 'I- ti.* (“Congenital 
 Hairs.”) A term for the hair of the 
 head, eyebrows, and eyelids, because it 
 exists at birth. 
 
 Pi'li Post-gen 'i-ti.* (“Postgenital 
 Hairs.”) That hair which grows m cer- 
 tain parts after birth, at puberty, for ex- 
 ample. 
 
 Pi-lif'er-ous. [Pilif'erns: from 
 pi'lus, “hair,” and fe'vo, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing hair, or covered with hair. 
 
 Pi'l&-f©rm. [Pilifor'mis ; from 
 pi'lus , “hair.”] Having the appearance 
 of hairs. 
 
 Pi-lig'er-ous. [Pilig'erns ; from 
 
 pi'lus, “hair,” and ge'ro, to “bear.”] 
 The same as Piliferous, which see. 
 
 PI'Hiie. [From pi'lus, “hair.”] A 
 kind of cloth composed of a mixture of 
 sponge and wool, felted together so as to 
 form an even and soft fabric, and after- 
 wards rendered water-proof by a coating 
 of caoutchouc ; employed as a substitute 
 for poultices and fomentation cloths. 
 
 Pill. See Pilula. 
 
 Pil-li-©-can'si-a.* A modern name 
 (of uncertain etymology) for the old 
 419 
 
PIL 
 
 PIL 
 
 composition called Hi' era pi' era, or holy 
 bitter : vulgarly rendered “ Pillicoshy.” 
 
 Pil-o-car'pus.* [From/n'7us, “ hair,” 
 and Kapnos, “fruit.”] Having fruit co- 
 vered with hair. 
 
 Pilon. See Pilum. 
 
 Pi-lo'rum,* the genitive plural of 
 Pilus, a “hair.” See next article. 
 
 Pilo'runi Ar-rec-to'res.* (“ Raisers 
 of the Hairs.”) A name applied to the 
 minute muscles of the skin, whose action 
 produces the appearance termed cu'tis 
 anseri'na, or “goose-skin.” They are 
 supposed also to raise the hairs when 
 one is seized with horror or fright. 
 
 Pi-lose'. [Pilo'sus; from pi'lus , 
 “hair.”] Hairy, as distinguished from 
 woolly or downy, — i.e. having distinct 
 and straight, but not rigid, hairs. 
 
 Pil'u-ia,* plural Pil'u-lse. [Dimi- 
 nutive of pi.' la, a “ball.”] A pill. A 
 small round form of dry medicine, of 
 the size of a pea, or less, which can be 
 swallowed whole. 
 
 Pil'u-lse,* gen. Pil-n-la'rum, the 
 plural of Pilula, which see. 
 
 Pil'ulse Al'o-es.* (“ Pills of Aloes.”) 
 Take of Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, 
 soap, in fine powder, each a troyounce. 
 Beat them together with water, so as to 
 form a pilular mass, to be divided into 
 two hundred and forty pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse Al'oes et As-sa-foet'I-dse.* 
 (“ Pills of Aloes and Assafoetida.”) Take 
 of Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, assa- 
 foetida, soap, in fine powder, each half a 
 troyounce. Beat them together with 
 water, so as to form a pilular mass, to 
 be divided into one hundred and eighty 
 pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse Al'oes et Mas'ti-elies.* 
 
 (“Pills of Aloes and Mastic.”) Take of 
 Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, a troy- 
 ounce and a half; mastic, in fine powder, 
 red rose, in fine powder, each half a 
 troyounce. Beat them together with 
 water, so as to form a pilular mass, to 
 be divided into four hundred pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse Al'oes et My r'rhse.*(“ Pills 
 of Aloes and Myrrh.”) Take of Soco- 
 trine aloes, in fine powder, two troy- 
 ounces: myrrh, in fine powder, a troy- 
 ounce; saffron, in fine powder, half a 
 troyounce; syrup, a sufficient quantity. 
 Beat the whole together, so as to form 
 a pilular mass, to be divided into four 
 hundred and eighty pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse An-tl-mo'nX-i (om-pes'- 
 I-tse.* (“Compound Pills of Antimony.”) 
 Plummer’s Pills. Take of sulphurated 
 antimony, mild chloride of mercury, 
 420 
 
 each one hundred and twenty grains; 
 guaiac, in fine powder, molasses, each 
 half a troyounce. Rub the sulphurated 
 antimony first with the mild chloride of 
 mercury, and afterwards with the guaiac 
 and molasses, so as to form a pilular 
 mass, to be divided into two hundred 
 and forty pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse As-sa-foet'i-dse.* (“ Pills 
 of Assafoetida.”) Take of assafoetida, a 
 troyounce and a half; soap, in fine pow- 
 der, half a troyounce. Beat them to- 
 gether with water, so as to form a pilular 
 mass, to be divided into two hundred 
 and forty pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse €a-tliar'ti-£se Com-pos'- 
 
 X-tse.* (“Compound Cathartic Pills.”) 
 Take of compound extract of colocynth, 
 half a troyounce; extract of jalap, in 
 fine powder, mild chloride of mercury, 
 each one hundred and eighty grains; 
 gamboge, in fine powder, forty grains. 
 Mix the powders together; then with 
 water form a pilular mass, to be divided 
 into one hundred and eighty pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse Fo-pai'bse.* (“Pills of 
 Copaiba.”) Take of copaiba, two troy- 
 Ounces ; magnesia, recently prepared, 
 sixty grains. Mix them together, and 
 set the mixture aside until it concretes 
 into a pilular mass, to be divided into 
 two hundred pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse Fer'ri Car-bo-na'tis* 
 
 (“Pills of Carbonate of Iron”) are com- 
 posed of eight parts of sulphate of iron 
 and nine parts of carbonate of soda, 
 with sugar, honey, and water in suffi- 
 cient quantity. For particular direc- 
 tions respecting the morle of preparation, 
 see U.S. Pharmacopoeia, page 254. 
 
 Pil'ulse Fer'ri Foni-pos'X-tse.* 
 (“ Compound Pills of Irhn.”) Take of 
 myrrh, in fine powder, one hundred and 
 twenty grains; carbonate of soda, sul- 
 phate of iron, each sixty grains ; syrup, 
 a sufficient quantity. Rub the myrrh 
 first with the carbonate of soda, and 
 afterwards with the sulphate of iron, 
 until they are thoroughly mixed ; then 
 beat them with syrup, so as to form a 
 pilular mass, to be divided into eighty 
 pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse Fer'ri I-od'X-di* (“Pills of 
 Iodide of Iron”) arc composed of four 
 parts of iodine, two parts of metallic 
 iron (in the form of wire cut in pieces), 
 and one part of reduced iron, with sugar, 
 marshmallow, gum arnb’C, and wrnter, 
 in sufficient quantity. For particulars 
 respecting the preparation, see U.S. 
 Pharmacopoeia* page 256. 
 
PIL 
 
 PIN 
 
 Pil'ulse Gal'ba-ni Com-pos'i-tse.* 
 
 (“ Compound Pills of Gralbanum.”) Take 
 of galbanum, myrrh, each three hundred 
 and sixty grains; assafoetida, one hun- 
 dred and twenty grains; syrup, a suffi- 
 cient quantity. Beat them together, so 
 as to form a pilular mass, to be divided 
 into two hundred and forty pills. 
 
 1*11 'nice Ify-drar'g-y-ri* (“ Pills of 
 Mercury, or Mercurial Pills”), commonly 
 called Blue Pills. Take of mercury, a 
 troyounce ; confection of rose, a troy- 
 ounce and a half; liquorice-root, in fine 
 powder, half a troyounce. Rub the 
 mercury with the confection until the 
 globules cease to be visible; then add 
 the liquorice-root, and beat the whole 
 into a pilular mass, to be divided into 
 four hundred and eighty pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse (“Pills of Opium.”) 
 Take of opium, in fine powder, sixty 
 grains; soap, in fine powder, twelve 
 grains. Beat them together with water, 
 so as to form a pilular mass, to be di- 
 vided into sixty pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse Quin'I-se Sul-pflia'tfis.* 
 (“Pills of Sulphate of Quinia.”) Take 
 of sulphate of quinia, a troyounce; gum . 
 arabic, in fine powder, one hundred and 
 twenty grains; clarified honey, a suffi- 
 cient quantity. Mix the sulphate of 
 quinia and gum arabic ; then beat them 
 with clarified honey, so as to form a 
 pilular mass, to be divided into four 
 hundred and eighty pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse RSie'i.* (“Pills of Rhu- 
 barb.”) Take of rhubarb, in fine pow- 
 der, three hundred and sixty grains ; 
 soap, in fine powder, one hundred and 
 twenty grains. Beat them together with 
 water, so as to form a pilular mass, to 
 be divided into one hundred and twenty 
 pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse Rbe'i Com-pos'i-tse.* 
 
 (“ Compound Pills of Rhubarb.”) Take 
 of rhubarb, in fine powder, a troyounce ; 
 Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, three 
 hundred and sixty grains ; myrrh, in 
 fine powder, half a troyounce; oil of 
 peppermint, half a fluidrachm. Beat 
 them together with water, so as to form 
 a pilular mass, to be divided into two 
 hundred and forty pills. 
 
 Pil'ulse Sa*|)o'nis Com-pos'i-tse.* 
 (“Compound Pills of Soap.”) Take of 
 opium, in fine powder, sixty grains : 
 soap, in fine powder, half a troyounce. 
 Beat them together with water, so as to 
 form a pilular mass. This is a convenient 
 preparation for administering opium in 
 a pilular and readily soluble form, in 
 36 « 
 
 fractions of a grain. The name seems 
 to have been intended to conceal the 
 character of the medicine from the pa- 
 tient. 
 
 Pil'ulse S^il'lse Com-pos'I-tae.* 
 
 (“ Compound Pills of Squill.”) Take 
 of squill, in fine powder, sixty grains; 
 ginger, in fine powder, ammoniac, in 
 fine powder, each one hundred and 
 twenty grains; soap, in fine powder, 
 one hundred and eighty grains; syrup, 
 a sufficient quantity. Mix the powders; 
 then beat them with syrup, so as to form 
 a pilular mass, to be divided into one 
 hundred and twenty pills. 
 
 PiU'u-lar. [Pilula'ris; from pi V iilct, 
 a “pill.”] Pertaining to a pill. 
 
 Pilule. See Pilula. 
 
 Pil-u-li-flo'rus.* [From pil’tdci, a 
 “little ball,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing flowers united into capitules of a 
 round form. 
 
 Pi'luin.* (Fr. Pilon, p^Tcno'.) A 
 pestle; an instrument for breaking sub- 
 stances in a mortar. 
 
 Pi'lus,* plural Pi'li. [From nl\og, 
 “felt.”] A hair. PH us is usually ap- 
 plied to the hairs considered individually, 
 while capillus signifies, properly, a “ head 
 of hair.” 
 
 Pi-Bniel'a-den, en is* [From itiiaXfi, 
 “fat,” and u$r]v, a “gland.”] A seba- 
 ceous gland. 
 
 Pim-e-li'tis, idis.% [From Tri[xc\rj, 
 “fat.”] Inflammation of the adipose 
 tissue. 
 
 Piiu-e-lo'des.* [From the same.] 
 Fatty, or full of fat. 
 
 Pim-e-lo'sis.* [From the same.] 
 Fatness, or obesity. 
 
 Pi-meu'ta.* Pimento. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name || of the unripe berries 
 of the Euge'nicipimen'ta; otherwise called 
 the J fyr'tus pimen'ta. 
 
 Pim-ipi-mel'la.* A Linnsean genus 
 of the class Pentandria , natural order 
 Umbelliferse, or Apiaeese. 
 
 Pimpmel'la A-ni'sum.** The 
 systematic name of the plant commonly 
 known as Anise ; otherwise called Ani'~ 
 sum vidga're. 
 
 Pimple. See Papula. 
 
 Pin and Well. An old popular 
 name for an opacity of the cornea. See 
 Albugo, and Leucoma. 
 
 Piuaeese,* pi-na'slie-e. [From Pi' - 
 mis, one of the genera.] A synonym of 
 a natural order of plants. See Conif- 
 ers. 
 
 Pineli'beclt. An alloy of copper, 
 brass, and zinc, made in imitation of 
 421 
 
PIN 
 
 PIP 
 
 gold. It is sometimes called tom'bac , or 
 sim'ilor. 
 
 Pinek-ne'ya Pu'bens.* The plant 
 which produces the Georgia Bark, 
 which see. 
 
 Pine. See Pinus. 
 
 Pin'e-al. [Pinea'lis; from Pi'nea, 
 a “ pine-tree.”] Belonging to, or like 
 the fruit of, a pine-tree. 
 
 Pin eat Gland. [Cona'riuan.] A 
 small substance, about the size of a pea, 
 situated above the tuber' cula quadrigem' - 
 ina of the brain. Descartes supposed it 
 the seat of the soul. 
 
 Piai-gTiecii-la.^ [From pin'guis, 
 “ fat.”] A tumor near the edge of the cor- 
 nea, apparently, but not really, adipose. 
 
 Pin-gued i-nous. [Pinguedin©'- 
 sus; from pingue' do, pingued' inis, “ fat.”] 
 Fatty; greasy; unctuous. 
 
 Pin-gue'd©,* gen. Pin-gued'i-nis. 
 Another term for “fat.” See Adeps. 
 
 Pin-gue-fo li-us.* [From pin'guis , 
 “fat,” and f o' lium, a “leaf.”] Having 
 thick and fleshy leaves. 
 
 Pl'nic. [Pin'icus; from Pi' nus, 
 the “pine-tree.”] Belonging to the pine 
 or fir tree. Applied to an acid. 
 
 Pin-i-fo'li-us.* [From Pi' mis , the 
 “ pine-tree,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
 Having linear or coriaceous leaves, like 
 those of the fir. 
 
 Pink I>ye. A dye made by mace- 
 rating safflower and carbonate of potash 
 in spirit of wine and water, and then 
 adding distilled water, or lemon-juice. 
 
 Pink Root. One of the common 
 names of Spige'lia Marxian' dica. 
 
 Pin'na.* (Literally, a “wing,” or 
 “ feather.”) The ala, or lower cartilage 
 of either side of the nose. Also, the 
 broad portion of the external ear. In 
 Botany, one of the primary divisions of 
 a pinnately-compound leaf. Also, the 
 fin of a fish. 
 
 Pin nate, or Pin'nat-ed. [Pinna'- 
 tus; from pin'na, a “feather.”] Feather- 
 shaped. This term is applied to a com- 
 pound leaf with several pairs of leaflets 
 arranged along the sides of a common 
 petiole. 
 
 Pinnately-Parted. See Pennati- 
 
 PARTITUS. 
 
 Pin-nate'ly-Veined. [Pennive'- 
 n ins. ] Having veins all proceeding from 
 a midrib; feather- veined. Applied to 
 leaves. 
 
 Pin-nat'I-fid. [Pinnatif'idus; 
 
 from pin'na, a “feather,” and Jin' do. to 
 “cleave.”] Pinnately-cleft, as feather- 
 reined leaves which are marked with 
 422 
 
 sinuses or incisions reaching nearly half- 
 way to the midrib. 
 
 Pin-nat'i-pes, p 'edis* [From pin- 
 na' tus, “feathered,” and pes, a “foot.”] 
 Having the toes bordered by membranes: 
 pinnatipede. Applied to certain birds. 
 
 Pinnatiseet. See Pennatisected. 
 
 Pinnatus. See Pinnate. 
 
 Pin'nu-late. [Pinnula'tus; from 
 pin'nula.] Subdivided into leaflets. In 
 Ichthyology, having small fins. 
 
 Pinnule. [Pin'nula; diminutive of 
 pin'na, a “fin,” or “pinion.”] A little 
 leaflet; the secondary division of a pin- 
 nately-compound leaf. Also, a little fin. 
 
 Pint. [Lat. Octa'rius; Fr. Pinte, 
 paNT.] A liquid measure containing six- 
 teen fluidounces, the eighth part of a 
 gallon. 
 
 Pin'ta.* Blue stain. A disease which 
 prevails in Mexico, and which appears 
 to be a variety of Pityriasis nigra. 
 
 Fi nns.® [Gr. rnwg.] A Linnaean 
 genus of trees of the class Moncecia, 
 natural order Coniferse. 
 
 Pi nus A'fol-es.* The spruce fir- 
 tree, the tops of which are used for 
 making spruce beer. 
 
 Pi'nus Bal-sa'me-a.® The tree 
 which affords Canadian balsam. 
 
 Pi'nus Ea'rix,* otherwise called 
 Ra'rix Eu-ro-pse'a,* and A'foi-e& La - 
 rix.* (Fr. Meleze , mAlez' or mAl&z'.) 
 The larcli-tree, from which is obtained 
 the Venice turpentine. 
 
 Pi'nus Pa-lus'tris.* (“Swamp 
 Pine.”) One of the trees from which 
 turpentine is obtained. 
 
 Pi'nus Pi'ce-a.* (“Pitch Pine.”) 
 The silver fir, from which the Strasburg 
 turpentine is obtained. 
 
 Pi'nus Pi-nas'ter.* The Pinaster, 
 or cluster pine, a tree which yields Bor- 
 deaux turpentine, galipot, tar, and pitch. 
 
 Pi'nus Syl-ves'tris.* (“Forest 
 Pine.”) The Scotch fir-tree, which yields 
 the common turpentine, white and yel- 
 low resin, tar, or common pitch. 
 
 Pi 'per, er/«.® Black Pepper. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || for the berries 
 of Piper nigrum. 
 
 Pi'per Al bum. (“White Pepper.”) 
 It is obtained from the same tree as is 
 black pepper. Also called Leucopiper. 
 White pepper is the ripe berry deprived 
 of its skin. It is less active than black 
 pepper, and is little used. See Piper 
 Nigrum. 
 
 Pi per Ar-o-mat'I-cum.* (“Aro- 
 matic Pepper.”) A name for the Piper 
 nigrum. 
 
PIP 
 
 PIT 
 
 Pi per Bra-sil-i-a'num.* (“ Bra- 
 zilian Pepper.”) The produce of the 
 
 Capsicum annuum. 
 
 Pi'per Cu-be'ba. 5if The plant the 
 dried fruit or berries of which are termed 
 cubebs. See Cubeba. 
 
 Pi'per Guin-e-en'se,* Pi'per Ilis- 
 pan'I-cum,* or Pi'per In'dl-cuni.* 
 (“Guinea Pepper,” “Spanish Pepper,” 
 or “ Indian Pepper.”) The produce of 
 the Capsicum annuum. 
 
 Pi'per Ja-mai-^en'se.* (“Jamaica 
 Pepper.”) The Afyrtus pimenta , or all- 
 spice. 
 
 Pi'per Lon 'gum.* (“Long Pep- 
 per.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. 
 and Ed. Ph.) for the immature fruit, or 
 dried spikes, of long pepper. 
 
 Pi'per Me-thys'ti-cum* [from 
 IxsQvu), to “be intoxicated.”] The Ava (or 
 Cava) plant of the Sandwich Islands. 
 An intoxicating drink is obtained from 
 its roots. 
 
 Pi'per Ki'grum.* (“Black Pep- 
 per.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. 
 and Ed. Ph.) for the dried unripe ber- 
 ries of black pepper. 
 
 Piperacea?,* pip-e-ra'she-e. A natu- 
 ral order of exogenous plants (shrubs or 
 herbs), found in the hotter parts of the 
 world. They are generally pungent 
 aromatics, and in some cases powerful 
 narcotics. It includes Pi'per ni'grum 
 (Black Pepper). 
 
 Pip-e-ra'ceous. [Pipera'ceus ; 
 
 from pi' per, “pepper.”] Belonging to 
 the genus Piper. 
 
 Pip'e-rin. [Piperi'na; from pi'per, 
 “ pepper.”] A fatty resinous substance, 
 the active principle of black pepper. 
 
 Pis'^es.* Fishes : the name of the 
 fourth great subdivision of vertebrate 
 animals, or the class of fishes, character- 
 ized by a branchial respiration, a biloc- 
 ular heart, and a covering of scales. 
 
 Pis-eid'i-a Er-y-thri'na.* Jamai- 
 ca Dogwood. A West Indian tree, of 
 the Linnsean class Diadelphia, natural 
 order Leguminosse. A tincture of the 
 bark is powerfully narcotic and diapho- 
 retic, and is used for removing the pain 
 of carious teeth. 
 
 Pis-£iv'o-r©us. [Pisciv'orus; from 
 pis'eis, a “ fish,” and co'ro , to “ devour.”] 
 Fish-devouring ; synonymous with Ich- 
 thyophagous. 
 
 Pis-I-for'mis.* [From pi' sum, a 
 “pea.”] Resembling a pea: pi'siform. 
 
 Pis'mire. The Formica rufa. 
 
 Pistacia,* pis-ta'she-a. [Gr. merd/aa.] 
 The fruit of the pistachio-tree. A Lin- 
 
 naean genus of the class Dicecia, natural 
 order Terebinthacese, or Anacardiacese. 
 
 Pista'cia Een-tis'cus.* The shrub 
 which yields mastic, or mastiok. Sco 
 Mastic. 
 
 Pista'cia T6r-e-bin'thus.* The 
 
 tree which yields Chian or Cyprus tur- 
 pentine. 
 
 Pista'cia Ve'ra.* (“True Pistacia.”) 
 A tree which yields the pistacia-nut and 
 a fixed oil, which is used to form an ex- 
 cellent emulsion in irritation of the ure- 
 thra. 
 
 Pistiaceav* pis-te-a'she-e. [From 
 Pis' tin, one of the genera.] A synonym 
 of a natural order of plants. See Lem- 
 NACEA3. 
 
 Pistil. [Pistil'lum ; from pin' so, 
 pis' turn, to “bray,” or “bruise.”] Lite- 
 rally, a “pestle:” so named from the 
 resemblance in form. A pointal ; the fe- 
 male organ of generation in plants; the 
 ovule-bearing organ of a flower. The 
 pistils and stamens are the essential or- 
 gans of a flower. 
 
 Pis- 1 i 1-la 'r is.* [From pistil'lum , a 
 “pistil.”] Pertaining to a pistil. 
 
 Pis'til-late. [From the same.] Fur- 
 nished with pistils, or with pistils only. 
 
 Pis-til-lif 'er-ous. [Pistillif 'crus ; 
 from pistil'lum, a “pistil,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing or having pistils. 
 
 Pis-til'li-form. [Fistillifor'niis; 
 from pistil'lum, a “pestle.”] Having 
 the form of a pestle. 
 
 Pis-til'Ium.* A pestle; also, the 
 same as Pistil, which see. 
 
 Pi 'sum.* (Fr. Pois, pwL) The pea. 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Diadelphia , 
 natural order Leguminosse. 
 
 Pit. The depression made by the 
 pressure of the finger on any part of the 
 body in an oedematous state. Also ap- 
 plied to the cavities or depressions left 
 on the skin after a severe attack of the 
 small-pox. 
 
 Pit of the Stoin'acli. [Scrobic'- 
 ulus Cor'dis.] The hollow part over 
 the region of the stomach, and between 
 the cartilages of the false ribs. 
 
 Pitch. See Pix. 
 
 Pitch, Jew’s. A name for Asjihal- 
 turn, or Bitumen Judaicum. 
 
 Pitch-Tree. See Pinus. 
 
 Pitch'er Plant. A plant of which 
 the petiole is dilated and hollowed out 
 like & pitcher, the lamina (or blade of the 
 leaf) being articulated to it and closing 
 the orifice. The pitcher is called ascid'- 
 ium, and the lid oper’culum . An example 
 is found in the Nepenthes. 
 
 423 
 
PIT 
 
 PLA 
 
 Pitclaer-Sbaped. See Ascidiate, 
 and Urceolate. 
 
 Pitli. [Medul'la.] The soft, spongy- 
 cellular tissue constituting the central 
 portion of an exogenous stem or branch. 
 
 Pit'ta-cal. [From 7rtrra, “ pitch/’ and 
 Ka\o;, “ beautiful.”] A beautiful blue color- 
 ing matter discovered in the oil of tar. 
 
 Pit'ted Tis'sue. A name of a modi- 
 fication of cellular vegetable tissue, hav- 
 ing its sides marked by pits sunk in the 
 substance of the membrane. 
 
 Pittos 3 >oraceie,*pit-to-spo-ra'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous plants 
 (trees or shrubs), mostly natives of Aus- 
 tralia. It includes the Pittas' porum. 
 
 Pit-u-i'ta.* [From 77177 - 1 - 00 , or -facra), to 
 “ congeal.”] Phlegm; viscid and gluti- 
 nous mucus. 
 
 Pit-u'i-ta-ry. [Pituita'rius; from 
 pitui’ta, “ phlegm.”] Belonging to 
 phlegm. 
 
 Pituitary Body. See Pituitary 
 Gland. 
 
 Pitu'itary Gland. The small glan- 
 dular body which rests on the Sella Tur- 
 cica. Its functions are unknown. 
 
 Pitu'itary Mem'brane. The 
 Schneiderian Membrane, which see. 
 
 Pit-y-ri'a-sis.* [From mrrpa , “ scurf,” 
 or “dandriff.”] A skin-disease in which 
 irregular patches of small thin scales re- 
 peatedly form and separate, unattended 
 with inflammation, and never collecting 
 into crusts. A genus of the order 
 Sqnamse of Willan’s classification. 
 
 Pix,* gen, Pi'cis. [From iruraa, 
 “ pitch.”] The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Lond. Ph., 1851) for a dry bitumen 
 prepared from liquid pitch : black pitch. 
 
 Pix Ar'I-da.* (“Dry Pitch.”) The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) for pitch 
 from various species of Pinus abics. 
 
 Pix Bur-^uii'di-ca.* (“Burgundy 
 Pitch.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
 a concrete resinous exudation from the 
 Abies excelsa. 
 
 Pix Can-a-deii'sis* (“ Canada 
 Pitch”), or fiScun'loclt Pitch. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 prepared concrete juice of the Abies 
 Canadensis. 
 
 Pix Uq'u¥-da.3* (“Liquid Pitch.”) 
 Tar. The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
 tar, obtained from the Pinus pa In stria , 
 the / J . si/ 1 rest r is, and various other spe- 
 cies of Pinus and Abies. 
 
 Pix Ni grii.* (“ Black Pitch.”) Com- 
 mon pitch ; inspissated tar. 
 
 Pla-ce'bo.* [The future tense of 
 plu’ceo, to “ please,” or “soothe.”] “I 
 424 
 
 will please, or soothe.” Applied to a 
 medicine given rather to please than 
 benefit the patient. 
 
 Pla-cen'ta.* [From Bukovs, a “cake.”] 
 A circular, flat, vascular, flesh-like sub- 
 stance in the impregnated uterus, form- 
 ing the principal medium by which the 
 communication is preserved between the 
 mother and child. In Botany, that por- 
 tion of the ovary to which the ovules or 
 seeds are attached. 
 
 Placeu'ta Prse'vl-a* [from prse'- 
 vius , “going before,” or “foremost”]. 
 Applied to those obstetrical cases in 
 which the placenta is situated internally 
 over the mouth of the womb, often 
 proving a cause of excessive haemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 Pla-cen'tse,* the plural of Placenta, 
 
 which see. 
 
 Placentseformis. See Placenti- 
 
 form. 
 
 Pla-ceu'tal. [Placenta'lis.] Be- 
 longing to the placenta. 
 
 Pla-cen-ta'ri-um,* The same as 
 the Placenta (of plants), which see. 
 
 Pla^-en-ta'tiou. [Placenta' tio, 
 © 'nis; from placeu'ta, a “cake.”] The 
 manner in which the seeds are attached 
 to the pericarp; the arrangement of 
 placentae. 
 
 Pla-cen'ti-form. [Placentifor'- 
 
 mis; from placeu’ta, a “cake.”] Re- 
 sembling a cake; nearly the same as 
 quoit-shaped. 
 
 Pla£-en-ti'tis, \dis* [From pla- 
 cen'ta, a “cake.”] Inflammation of the 
 placenta. 
 
 Pla-cen'tu-la.* [Diminutive of pla- 
 cen'ta.'] A little placenta: a placen- 
 tulc. 
 
 Plad-a-ro'sis.* [From nXalapog, “ wet,” 
 or “soft.”] A fungous and flaccid tu- 
 mor within the eyelid. 
 
 Plague. See Pestis. 
 
 Plaited. Sec Plicate. 
 
 Plane. [From pla'nns, “smooth,” 
 “flat,” or “plane.”] A plain surface, all 
 the points of which lie even between its 
 bounding lines. 
 
 Plan'et. [Plane'ta; from irXayrjrrjg, 
 “wandering.”] A star or heavenly body 
 which, with a telescope of sufficient 
 power, exhibits a round and well-dclincd 
 disk, and ‘revolves around the sun in an 
 elliptic orbit. Tho planets are so named 
 because they are constantly changing 
 their apparent position in relation to the 
 fixed stars, among which they seem to 
 wander. 
 
 Plaii'c-ta-r5 r . [Planeta'rius; from 
 
PLA 
 
 PLA 
 
 plane' tn, a “planet."] Belonging to 
 planets. 
 
 Pla-net'ic« [Planet'icus; from 
 plane' ta, a “planet."] Belonging to a 
 planet ; wandering ; erratic. 
 
 Plasi-I-flo'rus.* [From pla'nus , 
 “flat," and fl<>8, a “flower."] Having 
 flat flowers: planiflo'rate. 
 
 Plan-i-fo'li-ous. [PlaiuifaBaa'tns; 
 from pla'nus, “flat," or “plane," and 
 / o' Hum, a “leaf."] Having flat or plane 
 leaves. 
 
 Pla-no'dS-a.*' [From irXavaonai, to 
 “wander," and 61)6$, a “way."] A false 
 passage, as is sometimes made in stricture 
 of the urethra by a bougie, sound, or 
 catheter. 
 
 Plaai'ta.* The inferior surface or 
 sole of the foot. Also, a plant, or vege- 
 table. 
 
 Plan t agi n acese,* pi an - 1 aj - e - n a' - 
 shc-e. A natural order of exogenous 
 herbaceous plants, found in all parts of 
 the world. It includes Planta'go (Plan- 
 tain, or Ribwort). 
 
 Plan'tar. [Planta'riis; from plan' - 
 ta, the “sole of the foot."] Belonging 
 to the sole of the foot. 
 
 Plan-ta'ris.* [See Plantar.] The 
 name of a muscle arising from the ex- 
 ternal condyle of the femur, and inserted 
 into the inside of the os ealcis. It ex- 
 tends the foot. 
 
 Plam'ti-g;rade. [PI an tig* 'rad ns ; 
 
 from plan' ta, the “sole of the foot," and 
 gra'dior, to “go," or “walk."] Applied 
 to Man and certain other mammalia that 
 walk on the sole of the foot. 
 
 Plan-tiv'o-rous. [Plamtiv'orns; 
 from pfan'ta, a “plant," and vo'ro , to 
 “devour."] The same as Piiytivorous. 
 
 Pla-am'ri-a.* [From TcXo.vaojxai, to 
 “wander," and evpov, the “urine."] The 
 discharge of urine through an unusual 
 or unnatural passage: plan'ury. 
 
 Pla'ims.* Flat, or level. Applied 
 to the orbital portion ( Os planum ) of the 
 ethmoid bone. 
 
 Plas'Bna, a tis.% [From TcXaaoca, to 
 “form."] A tenacious, plastic liquid, 
 forming the coagulating portion of the 
 blood ; that in which the blood-corpuscles 
 float ; the Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 Plaster. See Ewplastrum. 
 
 Plas'ter of Par'fis. A common name 
 for gypsum, or sulphate of lime : so 
 called from its having been originally 
 procured from Mont Martre, in the im- 
 mediate vicinity of Paris. 
 
 Plastic. [Plas ticus; from vX&ogw, 
 to “form."] Forming, or having power 
 
 to form. Also, capable of being formed 
 or moulded as clay. 
 
 Plas-ti^'I-t^. [Plasti$'itas, a 'tis; 
 from plus' ticus, “plastic."] The quality 
 of being plastic. 
 
 Platan aceae, * plat-a-na'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, natives of North America, Bar- 
 bary, and the Levant. It consists of one 
 genus, the Plat! anus, several species of 
 which are cultivated for their noble ap- 
 pearance. They are known as the Plane- 
 tree, Sycamore, or Buttonwood. 
 
 Pla-tel-as'ma,- or Pla-ti-as'mus.* 
 [From 7T \<iTvg, “broad.”] A defect in 
 speech characterized by the vulgar term 
 “blobber-lipped," and observed in per- 
 sons with very thick and broad lips. 
 
 Platana. See Platinum. 
 
 Plat'i-natc. [Plati'nas, n'tis.] A 
 combination in which platinic oxide acta 
 the part of an acid. 
 
 Pla-tin'ic. [Platin'ictis.] Be- 
 longing to platinum. 
 
 Plat i-miin,*orPIat'I-na.* [Span- 
 ish diminutive of pla'ta, “silver;" Fr. 
 Platine, plA,'t£n', or Petit Argent, peh-t&' 
 tau’zhoNo'.] A valuable, rare, and exceed- 
 ingly ductile metal, which is the heaviest 
 substance known. Its specific gravity is 
 21.fi. It undergoes no change from air 
 or moisture, and is not soluble in any of 
 the pure acids. It may, however, be dis- 
 solved by nitro-muriatic acid. In color 
 it resembles silver. 
 
 Plat'imim, Spon gy, has the re- 
 markable property of being ignited by 
 contact wiih hydrogen gas. 
 
 Plat-y-car'pous. [Platycar'pus ; 
 
 from n\arv;, “broad," and /cap nog, “fruit."] 
 Having broad fruit. 
 
 PIat-y-$epli'a-lons. [ Platycepla'- 
 alus; from n\aro;, “broad," and /cepaXrj, 
 the “head."] Having a flat or broad 
 head. Applied to a species of mush- 
 rooms ; also to certain animals. 
 
 Plat-y-glos'sus.* [From 7rA arvg, 
 “broad," and y\ r 6iaa, the “tongue."] 
 Having a broad tongue. The Heliopsis 
 platyglossa has the corols of its corona 
 prolonged into a very broad tongue. 
 
 Pla-tyl'0-bus.** [From ttA arvg, 
 “broad," and \o%g, a “lobe."] Having 
 broad lobes or segments. 
 
 Plal-y*l«' urns.* [From it Xarvg, 
 
 “broad," and Xupa, a “frame or edge."] 
 Having broadly margined leaves. 
 
 Plat'y-pes, p'edts.* [From n\arvg, 
 “broad," and pes, a “foot."] Having 
 the foot or stipes dilated at its base. Ap- 
 plied to plants. 
 
 42 fi 
 
PLA 
 
 PLE 
 
 Plat-y-pet'a-lus.* [From nXarvg, 
 “ broad,” and neraXov, a “petal.”] Having 
 broad petals : platypetalous. 
 
 Plat-y-phyUus.^ [From nXarvg, 
 “ broad,” and (pvXXov , a “leaf.”] Having 
 broad leaves : platyphyllous. 
 
 Plat-y-sil'I-quus.* [From nXarvg, 
 “ broad,” and sil'iqua, a “pod.”] Having 
 flat, broad siliques. 
 
 Pla-tys'ma, a tis.% [Gr. 7rXarwrpa, a 
 “.broad sheet;” from7rXarui/w, to “dilate.”] 
 An expansion, or dilatation. 
 
 Platys'ma My-o'des.* The broad, 
 thin, subcutaneous muscle on the side of 
 the neck. 
 
 Plecl'g'et. (Fr. Plumaceau, plii'm&'so'.) 
 A small compress or piece of lint rolled 
 up into an oval or orbicular form. 
 
 Pleiocene. See Pliocene. 
 
 Plei-o-pliyl'lus.* [From nXeiuv, 
 “more,” “many,” and (pvXXov, a “leaf.”] 
 Bearing a great number of leaves. 
 
 Pleis'to-^ene. [From nXeiaro;, 
 
 “ most,” and Kaivog, “ recent.”] The most 
 recent or uppermost of the tertiary strata, 
 containing the largest proportion of re- 
 cent (or living) species of shells. 
 
 Plenck’s So-lutioai. Mercury sus- 
 pended in water by being rubbed for a 
 considerable time with gum arabic. 
 
 Plen. riv. == Pie’ no ri'vo.* “ In a full 
 stream.” 
 
 Ple'o-nasm. [Pleonas'mus ; from 
 
 7r Xsovaapog, a “magnifying,” or “exaggera- 
 tion.”] A faulty formation, with an over- 
 growth, or over-number, of parts. Also, 
 a redundant phrase. 
 
 Ple-o-iiec'ti-cus.* Belonging to 
 pleonexia. Applied to a form of in- 
 sanity. 
 
 Ple-o-nex'i-a.* [Gr. vXsov£\ia } 
 
 “ greediness.”] Greediness, grasping 
 selfishness, overbearing temper or arro- 
 gance, regarded as mental disease. 
 
 Ple-sl-o-mor'plious. [Plesio- 
 niorpluis: from nXi iaiog, “near,” and 
 //op/»» 7 , “ form.”] Nearly of the same 
 form. 
 
 Ples'ser. [From nXfiaaa), to “strike.”] 
 The same as Plexor. 
 
 Ples-sim'e-ter. [From rX^o-w, to 
 “strike,” and pirpoi/, a “measure.”] The 
 same as Pleximeter, which see. 
 
 Ple-tho'ra- or pleth'o-ra. [From 
 ir\rj9(o, to “be full.”] Excessive fulness 
 of the vessels; repletion; also, a fulness 
 or plumpness of body. 
 
 Plc-thttr'ic. [piettior'icns.] Re- 
 lating to plethora; full of blood. 
 
 Pleii'ra.* [Gr. nXtiipd, the “side,” 
 also, a “ rib ;” Fr. Pllvre, plevit or pl&vR.] 
 426 
 
 A serous membrane, divided into two 
 portions by the mediastinum , lining the 
 right and left cavities of the thorax, and 
 by its continuation reflected over each 
 lung. 
 
 Pleu'ra Cos-ta'lis,* Pleu ra Pa- 
 ri-e-ta'lis.* That portion of the pleura 
 which lines the ribs or parietes of the 
 thorax. 
 
 Pleu'ra Pul-mo-na'lis.* (“ Pleura 
 of the Lungs.”) That portion of the 
 pleura which invests the lungs. 
 
 Pleu'ral. The same as Pleuric, 
 which see. 
 
 Pleu-r&l'gi-a.* [From irXzvpd, the 
 “side,” or “rib,” and aXyog, “pain.”] 
 Pain in the pleura, or side : pleurajgy. 
 See Pleurodynia. 
 
 Pleu-ra-po-phys'i-al. [Pleura- 
 
 pophysia'lis.] Belonging to pleura- 
 qwphysis. 
 
 Pleu-ra-popli'y-sis.* [From nXevpd, 
 the “side,” or “rib,” and corona), to “be 
 born from.”] Applied by Owen to the 
 homologues of the costal process, or late- 
 ral part on each side of a vertebra. 
 
 Pleii-ra-pos-te'ma, a tis* [From 
 pleu'ra , and anforriya, an “aposteme.”] 
 An aposteme, or abscess, in the pleura. 
 
 Pleu-rar-throc'a-$e.* [From pleu- 
 rar'thron , and Kaxog, “evil.”] Caries of a 
 rib -joint. 
 
 Pleu-rar'thron,* or Pleti-rar'- 
 
 thrum.* [From n Xevpa, the “side,” or 
 “rib,” and apQpov, a “joint.”] The articu- 
 lation of a rib. 
 
 Flcu-ren chy-itia.^ [From irXzi'pd, 
 the “ side,” and SyX"pa, any thing 
 poured in, an “infusion.”] A term ap- 
 plied by Lindley to woody tissue, or 
 Woody Fibre, which see. 
 
 Pleur£sie. See Pleurisy. 
 
 Pleu'ric. [Pleu'ricus.] Belong- 
 ing to the pleura, etc. 
 
 Pleu'ri-sy. The same as Pleuritis, 
 which see. 
 
 Pleu-rit'ic. [Pleurit'icus.] Be- 
 longing to pleuritis , or pleurisy. 
 
 Ploii-ri'tis, i dis* [From pleu'ra .] 
 (Fr. Pleuresie, pluh'rA/.^'.) Inflamma- 
 tion of the pleura: pleu'risy. 
 
 Pleu-ro-car'pus,*^ or Pleii-ro-car '- 
 pe-us.* [From nXevpd, the “side,” and 
 Kapn6g, “fruit.”] Applied in the plural 
 masculine ( Plenrocar'pi ) to a division of 
 the Musci Ca/ypteratse, in which the fruit 
 is lateral upon the stem or branches. 
 
 Pleu-ro-clyn'1-a.* [From 7rXn'pu, the 
 “side,” and dAvvn, “pain.”] External 
 (rheumatic) pain in tho side. 
 
 Pleu-ro-ucc'teS.* [From nXcvpii, and 
 
PLE 
 
 PLU 
 
 vfiKTT)<;, a “ swimmer.”] Literally, “ swim- 
 ming on the side/’ Applied to the sole 
 fish. 
 
 Pleuronec'tes So'le-a.* The sys- 
 tematic name of the sole. 
 
 Pleu-ror-rlioea.* [From n \evpd, and 
 picj, to “flow.”] An exudation from, or 
 collection of fluid within, the pleura. 
 
 Pleu-ror-thop-nce'a.* [From 
 
 pleu'ra, opOog, “ upright,' ” and nveco, to 
 “breathe.”] A term for Pleuritis, in 
 which the patient can only breathe when 
 sitt'ng erect. 
 
 Pleu-ro-spas'mus.* [From 7r\r.vpa, 
 the “side,” and anaapos, a “spasm.”] 
 Cramp in the side: pleu'rospasm. 
 
 Pleu-ro-tliwt'o-nos.*’ [From n\ev- 
 p69sv,' “from the side,” and reive*, to 
 “bend.”] Bent or stretched from one 
 side. Applied to a variety of Tetanus. 
 
 Plfcvre, plevn, or Pleure, plun. The 
 French term for Pleura, which see. 
 
 Plex-inn'e-ter. [Plcxiiu'ctruin ; 
 from n\rj%is y a “stroke,” and pir/ov, a 
 “measure.”] A flat piece of ivory, or a 
 circular piece of sole-leather, by means of 
 which mediate percussion is performed. 
 See Percussion. 
 
 Plex-i-met'rlc. [Pleximet'ricus.] 
 
 Belonging to the pleximeter. 
 
 Plexionietrum. See Pleximeter. 
 
 PI ex 'us.- [From plec'to,plex'um, to 
 “knit,” or “weave.”] (Fr. Lacis, l&'se'.) 
 A network. The intertwining and inter- 
 crossing of the vessels and nerves of the 
 system, but more especially of the latter. 
 
 Plexus Axillaa*is. See Axillary 
 Plexus. 
 
 Plexus Cardfiacus. See Cardiac 
 Plexus. 
 
 Plexus Oi oroides. See Choroid 
 Plexus. 
 
 Plex'us Pam-pm-f-for'mis.* The 
 
 plexus of blood-vessels about the sper- 
 matic cord. Also termed Corpus ptuv- 
 piniforme , or “ tendril-like body.” See 
 Pampiniform. 
 
 Plex'us Pul-moil' i-cus.* (“ Pul- 
 monic Plexus.”) Formed by the union 
 of the eighth pair of nerves with the 
 great sympathetic. 
 
 Plex'us Re-tic-u-3a'ras. :;: ' The net- 
 work of vessels situated below the For- 
 nix of the brain. 
 
 Plexus Solaris. See Solar Plexus. 
 
 Pli'ca.- [From pli'eo, to “plait.”] 
 Knitted or plaited hair. A disease in 
 which the hair becomes inextricably 
 knitted and glued together. Also termed 
 Trichoma, Trichia, Trichiasis. 
 
 Pli'ca Po-loii'I-ca.- (“Polish Plica.”) 
 
 Another name for the disease termed 
 plica , because prevalent in Poland. 
 
 Pli'ca Sem-I-lu-na'ris.* [From 
 sem'i , “half,” and lu'na, a “moon.”] A 
 slight duplicature of the conjunctiva on 
 the outer side of the caruncula lachry- 
 malis ; the rudiment of the third lid 
 of animals. More fully developed, it 
 becomes the membra'na nic' titans of 
 birds. 
 
 Pll'cate. [Plica'tus; from pli'eo, 
 plica' turn, to “ plait,” or “ knit.”] Folded ; 
 plaited. 
 
 Pli^-i-den'tine. [From pli'ca , a 
 “fold,” and dens, den'tis, a “tooth.”] A 
 modification of the fundamental tissue 
 of teeth, in which, on a transverse sec- 
 tion, the dentine exhibits sinuous wavings 
 diverging from the central pulp-cavity 
 of the tooth. 
 
 Pll-£if 'er-ous. [Plicif'erus: from 
 
 pli'ca, a “plait,” a “fold,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing or having folds. Ap- 
 plied to parts of plants. 
 
 Pli'o-^ene. [From nXciov, “more,” 
 and kulivos, “recent.”] A geological term 
 applied to the most modern of the divi- 
 sions of the tertiary epoch, because the 
 greater part of its fossil Testacea are 
 referable to recent species. 
 
 Plo-ea'ri-a Can'di-da.* Ceylon 
 Moss; an algaceous plant, abounding in 
 mucilage and starchy matter, and yield- 
 ing a decoction and a jelly employed in 
 pharmacy. 
 
 Plomb, p!6no. The French term for 
 Lead, which see. 
 
 Plog'ging. A term for the operation 
 of filling the cavity in a carious tooth, in 
 order to exclude the air, and thus pre- 
 vent toothache. Also applied to the ope- 
 ration of inserting pieces of rag, sponge, 
 or the like, into the vagina, in cases of 
 severe uterine haemorrhage, to act as a 
 plug for preventing the farther escape of 
 blood, so that the coagula then formed 
 will mechanically and effectually stop 
 the mouths of the bleeding vessels. See 
 Tampon. Applied also to an analogous 
 operation on the nostrils, in epistaxis. 
 
 Plum. [Pru'mim.] The fruit of 
 the Primus domestica ; when dried and 
 preserved, it is called a Prune, or French 
 plum. 
 
 Plumaceau, plii'mA'so'. The French 
 term for Pledget, which see. 
 
 Plumbaginacese,* plum-baj-e~na'- 
 she-e. A natural order of exogenous 
 plants, found in many temperate, cold, 
 and tropical regions. It includes Plnm- 
 ba'go, and Stat'ice, which is a powerful 
 427 
 
PLU 
 
 PLU 
 
 astringent. Some species are extremely 
 caustic. 
 
 Pluain-ba'jjro.** Graphite, or black 
 lead. A combination of carbon with a 
 minute quantity of iron, used in forming 
 lead-pencils, and for a variety of other 
 purposes. 
 
 PI tun bate. [Plum'bas, a'f/s.] A 
 combination of plumbic oxide with an- 
 other oxide, with regard to which it 
 acts the part of an acid. 
 
 PI a m bi A-^e'tas* (“ Acetate of 
 Lead”), or Su'gar of ILead. The Phar- 
 macopoeia! name || for a substance in 
 colorless crystals which effloresce on ex- 
 posure to the air. It is dissolved by dis- 
 tilled water with a slight turbidness, 
 which is removed by the addition of dis- 
 tilled vinegar. Acetate of lead, in me- 
 dicinal doses, is a powerful astringent 
 and sedative, and is often given in haem- 
 orrhages and in diarrhoea, with the most 
 beneficial results. In over-doses, however, 
 it is an irritant poison. In minute doses 
 long continued, it sometimes produces 
 lead colic ( colica pictonum) and a spe- 
 cies of paralysis, termed lead pnlsy. 
 
 Plum'bi Car-bo'nas* (“Carbonate 
 of bead”), or WJiite ILeatl. The Phar- 
 macopoeia! name || for a white substance 
 in powder or pulverulent masses, insolu- 
 ble in water, but soluble with efferves- 
 cence in dilute nitric acid. It is used 
 as an external application to excoriated 
 and inflamed surfaces. See Poisons. 
 
 Plum'bi Xi'tras.* (“Nitrate of 
 Lead.”) The Pharmacopoeial name for 
 a substance in white, nearly opaque, oc- 
 tahedral crystals, permanent in the air, 
 and of a sweet, astringent taste. It is 
 soluble in cold water and in alcohol. It 
 is used as a disinfectant, and as an ap- 
 plication to putrid and indolent ulcers. 
 
 Plum'bi Ox'I-clum* (“Oxide of 
 Lead”), or Plum'bi Ox'idum Sem-I- 
 vit're-um* (“Semi-vitreous Oxide of 
 Lead”) ; also termed Iiitl»'arg , c. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for a 
 substance in small yellowish or orange- 
 colored scales, insoluble in water, but 
 almost wholly soluble, with slight effer- 
 vescence, in dilute nitric acid. Litharge 
 is used in the preparation of the Em- 
 plastrum Plnmbi, which forms the base 
 of many other plasters. 
 
 Plumbic. [Plum'bicus; from 
 plum'bnm , “lead.”] Belonging to lead. 
 
 Plum bic As'id. The same as per- 
 oxide of lead. 
 
 Plum-bo'sus.* [From plum'bum, 
 “lead.”] Leaden, or like lead. 
 
 428 
 
 Pliun'biim," gen. Plum'bi. (Fr. 
 
 Plornb, pl6N<».) The Latin term for Lead, 
 which see. 
 
 Plu'mi-form. [Plumifor'mis; 
 
 from plu'ma , a “feather.”] Like a plume, 
 or feather. 
 
 Pluin'mer’s Pills. The Pil'ulae 
 Calomel' anas Compos' itse (“ Compound 
 Calomel Pills”) of the Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Plu-mose', or Plu'mous. [Plu- 
 
 ino'sus; from plu'ma, a “feather.”] 
 Having feathers, or resembling feathers; 
 feathered. 
 
 Plu mule. [Plu'mula; diminutive 
 of plu'ma, a “feather.”] The bud or 
 growing point of the embryo, above the 
 cotyledons; the ascending axis of the 
 embryo of a plant. See Gemmule. 
 
 Plu-mu-li-for'mis.' :i: ‘ [From plu'- 
 mula, a “plumule.”] Having the ap- 
 pearance of a small feather: plu'muli- 
 form. 
 
 Plu-ri-flo'rous. [Pluriflo'rus; 
 
 from plu'res, “more,” or “many,” and 
 Jlos, a “ flower.”] Having many, or 
 several, flowers. 
 
 Plu-ril'o-bus.* [From/>?aVes,“more,” 
 or “ many,” and lo'bus, a “lobe.”] F ormed 
 of many lobes. 
 
 Plu-ri-loc'u-lar. [Plurilocula'- 
 
 ris; from plu'res, “more,” or “many,” 
 and loe'ulus, a “cell.”] Having many, 
 or several, cells. Applied to the ovary 
 of certain plants. 
 
 PI u-rl- par ' ti t e. [Plur i par t i ' t us ; 
 
 from plu'res, “more,” or “many,” and 
 par'tio , parti' turn, to “divide.”] Ap- 
 plied to a calyx when it presents many 
 incisions extended almost to its base. 
 
 Plu-ri-pet'a-lus.* [From plu'res , 
 “more,” or “many,” and pet' alum, a 
 “petal.”] The same as Polypetalous, 
 which see. 
 
 Plu-ri-se'ri-ate. [Pluriseria'tus; 
 
 from plu'res, “more,” or “many,” and 
 se'ries, an “order,” or “row.”] Disposed 
 in many rows. 
 
 Plu-rl-v&l'vis.* [From plu'res , 
 “more,” or “many,” and val'va, a 
 “valve.”] Plu'rivalve. Applied to a 
 capsule composed of many valves. 
 
 Plu-to'ni-an. [IMutonia iuis; from 
 Pin' to, Pluto' vis, the god of Ha'des, or 
 the infernal regions.] A term applied 
 to rocks of igneous formation, and to a 
 theory proposed by Hutton, that unstrati- 
 fied crystalline rocks were formed by 
 igneous fusion. 
 
 Plii’ton'ic. [Pluton'lcus ; from 
 the same.] The same as Plutonian. 
 
 Pin 'to-n ism. [Plntoiiis'mus | 
 
PLU 
 
 PNE 
 
 from the same.] A hypothesis which 
 attributes to subterranean fires the con- 
 stitution of the principal beds, or, at 
 least, of the crust, of the globe. The 
 Plutonian theory of Geology, also called 
 Huttonian theory. See Plutonian. 
 
 Plu'vi-al. [Pluvia'lis ; from pla'- 
 via , “rain.”] Pertaining to rain. 
 
 Plw-vl-om'e-ter. [From plu'via , 
 “rain,” and p&pov, a “measure.”] A rain- 
 gauge ; a vessel in which the rain is 
 caught as it falls, and measured. 
 
 Pneu-mar-tltoro'sis.* (P silent, and 
 so in all the subsequent words beginning 
 with pn.) [From nvsvpa, “ air,” and apOpov, 
 a “joint.”] A secretion of air within the 
 joints, which disappears spontaneously, 
 and frequently in the course of a few days, 
 and even a few hours. 
 
 Pnefi-mat'ic. [Pnewmaticus ; 
 from n vet) pul, “ air,” or “ breath.”] Pertain- 
 ing to air (or gas), or to pneumatics. 
 
 Pneumat ic Trough. A trough of 
 a particular construction, for collecting 
 gases under water (or quicksilver), so as 
 to exclude atmospheric air; also called 
 Hydropneumatic Trough : but this latter 
 term is only applicable to a pneumatic 
 trough with water, — not to one contain- 
 ing quicksilver. 
 
 PaaefB-mat'I-ca.* [From pneumat' - 
 icus, “pertaining to air, or respiration.”] 
 The name of a class in Good’s Nosology, 
 comprising diseases of the respiratory 
 function. 
 
 Pneu-mat'i-ci.* [Masculine plural 
 of pneumat' icus , “pneumatic.”] “Pneu- 
 matic [Physicians].” A sect or school 
 (founded by Athenseus) who imagined 
 that there existed an immaterial princi- 
 ple or element, whicli they called pneuma, 
 on which they conceived health and dis- 
 ease to depend. 
 
 Pjaeu-mat'ics. [Pneumat ica; from 
 Trvzvpa, “air,” or “breath.”] The science 
 which treats of the mechanical proper- 
 ties of elastic fluids, and particularly of 
 atmospheric air. 
 
 Pneumatocele,* nu'ma-to-sel. [From 
 jt vzvpa, “air,” or “breath,” and ki?X? 7 , a 
 “tumor.”] Any kind of hernia filled 
 with flatus. 
 
 Pneuma-to-eSie'mi-a.* [From 
 nvsvna, “air,” or “breath,” and che'mia, 
 “chemistry.”] Pneumatic chemistry. 
 That branch of chemistry which treats 
 of airs or gases. 
 
 Pneuma-to-chem'i-cal. [Pneu- 
 matocliem'icus.] Belonging to pneu- 
 matic chemistry. The pneumato-chemi- 
 cal apparatus, invented by Priestley, is a 
 37 
 
 tub full of water arranged so that it will 
 permit of gases being easily collected. 
 Pneu ma-to-cliy-niif'er-us.* [From 
 
 irvevpa, “air,” or “breath,” X'^og, “juice,” 
 or “ sap,” and fe’ro, to “ bear.”] Applied 
 to the tracheae of vegetables when com- 
 posed of two tubes, the one straight and 
 full of air, the other rolled into a spiral 
 form and full of liquid. 
 
 PnefB'ma-to-ilysp-noe'a«*‘ [From 
 nvcvpa, “air,” or “breath,” and dyspnoe'a, 
 “difficult breathing.”] Emphysematous 
 dyspnoea. 
 
 Pneu-ma-toro-gy. [Pncumato- 
 logia; from nvevpa, “air,” “breath,” or 
 “spirit,” and Xoyoj, a “discourse.”] The 
 science which treats of spirit or of spirit- 
 ual substances. 
 
 Pnou-ma-toBn'e-ter. [Pneuina- 
 tometrisin ; from nvevpa, “breath,” and 
 neTpoy, a “measure.”] An instrument 
 for measuring the quantity of air in- 
 haled at a single inspiration. 
 
 Pncu-ina-toplft'o-rus.* [From nvcv- 
 l*a, “air,” or “breath,” and $£po>, to 
 “bear.”] Applied to tubes in plants, 
 full of air, which is conducted to the 
 centre of the spiral tube of the tracheae. 
 
 Pneu-ma-to'sis.* [From m/zvpardcj, 
 to “distend with wind.”] Windy swell- 
 ing. A genus of the order Intumcscen- 
 tiae, class Cachexias, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 Also termed Emphysema. 
 
 Pneumatothorax. See Pneumo- 
 thorax. 
 
 Pnefi-mo-gas'trsc. [Pneurae* 
 
 gas'trlcus; from irvevpojv, a “lung,” or 
 the “lungs,” and yaarnp, the “belly,” 
 or “stomach.”] Belonging to the lungs 
 and stomach. 
 
 Pneumogas'fric Nerves. [Ner'vi 
 Pnetanaogas'triel.] The par vayum , 
 or eighth pair of nerves, distributed to 
 the lungs and the stomach. 
 
 Pnew-mo^Ta*pSsy. [Pneumo- 
 
 gra'plaia ; from nrcvpicov, a “ lung,” or 
 the “lungs,” and ypacf) w, to “write.”] An 
 anatomical description of the lungs. 
 
 Pneii - mo - Ensem - or - rBaa'gi - a.** 
 [From nuevpcou, the “ lungs,” and hsemor- 
 rha'gia, a “hsemorrhage.”] A term pro- 
 posed by Andral to denote pulmonary 
 apoplexy, the term apoplexy having been 
 originally applied to a determinate group 
 of symptoms, and not to any particular 
 form of lesion. 
 
 PneM-Bnol'o-gy. [Pneumolo'gia; 
 
 from TTrev/Kov, the “lungs,” and \6yog, a 
 “discourse.”] A treatise on the lungs; 
 the science of the lungs. 
 
 Pneu-mo-me'mi-a.* [From TTvevpcov, 
 
 429 
 
PNE 
 
 POD 
 
 the “lungs,” and aqia, “blood.”] Con- 
 gestion of blood in the lungs. 
 
 Pneu-mo-iial'gi-a.^ [From rvsvpujyv, 
 the “lungs,” and aXyog, “pain.”] Pain 
 of the lungs : pneumonal'gy. 
 
 Pneu-moni-a.- [Gr. rvsvpovia, a 
 “ disease of the lungs ;” Fr. Inflammation 
 des poumons, aNo'fl&m'ma'se-^K 6 ' di poo'- 
 m6N«'.] Inflammation of the lungs. A 
 genus of the order Plilegmasise, class 
 Pyrcxise , of Cullen’s Nosology. The 
 symptoms of this disease are fever, ac- 
 companied with pain in the thorax, 
 which is aggravated by coughing, a 
 quick and hard pulse, with more or less 
 difficulty of breathing. 
 
 Pnen-inoji'ie. [From r usv/xmi/, the 
 “lungs.”] Belonging to the lungs; pul- 
 monary. 
 
 Ihieu-ino-siilss, idis* [From rvtv- 
 po>v, the “ lungs.”] Inflammation of the 
 lungs; also term'd pneumonia and peri- 
 pneumonia. See Pneumonia. 
 
 P3ieH-m©3i-o-«!yii'i-a.* [From rvev- 
 ixtov, the “lungs,” and 6?vvrt , “pain.”] 
 Pain of the lungs. See Pneumonalgia. 
 
 Piieu-aiioii-ce-de'ma, a tis.% [From 
 rrevycov, the “lungs,” and c ede'ma.] (Ede- 
 via, or dropsical condition, of the sub- 
 stance of the lungs. 
 
 PiiefMnoii-o-gas'tri-cus.^ The 
 same as Pn e um oga s tricus. See Pneumo- 
 GASTRIC. 
 
 Pneii-mo-Bfioin'e-ter. [Pnennno- 
 noin'ctrum.] The same as Pneuma- 
 tometer, which see. 
 
 Piieu'mo-Per-i-car'cCS-wBBi.-fFrom 
 
 Trvsvfjia, “air,” and r epiKupSiO', the “pericar- 
 dium.”] A name applied to an effusion 
 of air into the cavity of the pericardium. 
 
 Pneu-mo-tho'rax^' or Pncu-ma- 
 to-tlio'rax, a 'cis.* [From rvtvpa, “ air,” 
 or “ breath,” and 9 'pa[, the “ chest.”] An 
 accumulation of air in the chest, or 
 thorax. 
 
 Pock. A pustule of variola; also ap- 
 plied to varicella, or the chicken-pox. 
 
 Poc-n-la'ris.* [From poc'ulum , a 
 “cup,” or “bowl.”] Belonging to a cup : 
 poc'ular. See Sinus Pocularis. 
 
 Poe'u-ll-form. [Poculifor'mis ; 
 from poc'ulum, a “cup,” or “bowl.”] 
 Having the form of a cup; deep cup- 
 shaped. 
 
 Poc'u-lum Di-og'e-nis. 51 ' (“Cup 
 of Diogenes.”) The hollow of the hand. 
 See Diogenes’ Cup. 
 
 Pod. A legume, follicle, or any sort 
 of capsule. 
 
 Pod 'a-ji’ra.* [From rov;, iroJog, the 
 “foot,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] Gout in 
 430 
 
 the joints of the foot. A genus of the 
 order Phlegmasise, class Pyrexise, of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. The following forms of 
 this disease may be noticed. 
 
 Reg'ular Gout. \Pod'agra (or Ar- 
 thri’tis) Regula'risJ] Violent inflamma- 
 tion, remaining for a few days, and 
 gradually receding with swelling, itch- 
 ing, and desquamation of the part. 
 
 Aton'ic Gout. [Pod' agra (or Arthri'- 
 lis) Aton'ica . ] Accompanied with atony 
 of the stomach, or other internal part, 
 with the usual inflammation of the joints, 
 or with slight and temporary pains ; with 
 dyspepsia and other symptoms of atony 
 often alternating with each other. 
 
 Ret'rograde Gout. [Pod'agra (or 
 Arthri'tis) Petrog'rada.] Also termed 
 Retrocedent Gout. Characterized by 
 inflammation of the joints suddenly dis- 
 appearing, and atony of some internal 
 part immediately following. 
 
 Aber'rant Gout. [Pod'agra Aher'~ 
 vans, or Arthri'tis Errat'ica . ] Passing 
 from one part to another, but usually 
 attended with inflammation of some in- 
 ternal organ. 
 
 Po-dag^rlc. [Podag'ricns.] Be- 
 longing to podagra. 
 
 Po-dal'g’i-a.* [From rovg, mSog, the 
 “foot,” and oAyo;, “pain.”] Pain in the 
 foot, as from gout, rheumatism, or the 
 like. 
 
 Pod-a-men-^e-pEia'Ii-a.* [From 
 
 rov;, t ro5og, the “foot,” and anencepha’lia , 
 “absence of brain.”] The condition of 
 a monster-foetus without a brain, the 
 cephalic extremity being supported by a 
 pedicle. The term is also used for Pod- 
 ENCEPHALIA. 
 
 Pod-ar-tEiri'tis, idis* [From rov g, 
 a “foot,” and arthri'tis , “inflammation 
 of the joints.”] Inflammation of the 
 joints of the foot. 
 
 Pod-en-se-plm'II-a.* [From pod- 
 enceph' alus.'] A term for the condition 
 of a podcnceph'alus. 
 
 Pod-en-^epEi'a-Ins.* [From rov g, a 
 “foot,” and iyKzpaAog, the “brain.”] A 
 monster-foetus, the brain of which, with- 
 out a cranium, hangs by a pedicle. 
 
 Podetium,* po-de'she-um. [Di- 
 minutive of rov;, a “foot.”] The pecu- 
 liar footstalk of the tubercles in cup- 
 lichens. 
 
 Pod -©-car ' p u s. i: - [From rovg, a 
 “ foot,” and Ka;.r6;, “ fruit.”] Applied to 
 a plant the ovary of which is borne upon 
 a pedicel : a podocarp. 
 
 PcMl-o-^epIi ' 9 -lus.* [From irovg. a 
 “foot,” and Kc<pa\fi, the “ head.”] llav- 
 
POD 
 
 POI 
 
 ing flowers united into heads: podo- 
 cephalous. 
 
 Pod-ce-de'ma, a tis* [From novs, a 
 “ foot,” and cede' may a “ swelling.”] 
 (Edema of the feet. 
 
 Pocl-o-phyl'lin. [Podophylli'na.] 
 
 A resinous principle of a yellow (or yel- 
 lowish) color, found in the root of the 
 Podophyllum peltatum. This is a medi- 
 cine of great power, operating, in doses 
 of from two to five grains, as a drastic 
 purgative. In smaller doses it is said to 
 act as r.n alterative and cliolagogue. It 
 is asserted by some of the Eclectics that, 
 as a remedial agent, podophyllin may 
 in all cases be substituted for mercury, 
 and that in some instances it has even 
 produced salivation. 
 
 Pod-o-pliyl Twin.* The Pharma- 
 copoeial name || for the rhizoma of the 
 Podophyllum peltatum, or May-apple. It 
 is an active and certain cathartic, re- 
 sembling jalap in its operation. 
 
 Po-dop'ter-us.* [From novg, a 
 “foot,” and n rcp6i>, a “wing.”] Having 
 peduncles with expansions in the form 
 of wings : podop'terous. 
 
 Pod'o-sperm. [FmJosper'ma, 
 a tis; from novs, a “foot,” and cncppa, a 
 “ seed.”] The stalk of a seed ; the fu- 
 niculus by which the ovule adheres to 
 the placenta of a plant. 
 
 Podostemacerp,^ po-dos-te-ma'- 
 she-e. [From Podoste'mon , one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous, 
 aquatic, herbaceous plants, found in 
 South America. 
 
 Pod-o-tBie'ea.* [From novs, noSos, a 
 “foot,” and Own, a “receptacle.”] Ap- 
 plied to a preparation of the cuticle of 
 the foot. 
 
 Pce-cil-2-a'mis.* [From noud\os, 
 “many-colored,” “varied.”] Applied 
 by Brongniart to rocks having varied or 
 chequered coloration. 
 
 Poe-ci-lop'o-dus.* [From noud\os, 
 “many-colored,” and novs, a “foot.”] 
 Having dissimilar feet. Applied to an 
 order of Crustacea. 
 
 Poignet (Fr.), pw&n'y&\ See Wrist. 
 
 Foil, pw&l. The French term for 
 Hair, which see. 
 
 Pointful. Another name for Pistil. 
 
 Pointed. See Acuminate. 
 
 Pointing. The conical softish 
 projection, of a light-yellow color, ob- 
 servable in an abscess when nearly ripe. 
 
 Pois, pwL The French name for 
 “pea.” See Pisum. 
 
 Poi'son. [Lat. Tox'icum, or Ve- 
 ne'iium ; Fr. Poison, pw&'z6N°'.] An 
 
 animal, vegetable, or mineral substance 
 which, when applied externally, or taken 
 into the stomach, or circulatory system, 
 operates such a change in the animal 
 economy as to produce disease or death. 
 These substances may be divided into 
 two great classes, namely, Inorganic poi- 
 sons, comprising those which exist native, 
 as certain poisonous ores, gases, etc., and 
 those which are produced by chemical 
 operations; and Organic poisons, or those 
 which are the result of vital action in 
 animals or plants. 
 
 Viewed, however, with reference to 
 their effect on the animal system, they 
 may be arranged under the three fol- 
 lowing heads : — 
 
 1. Irritant poisons, or those which pro- 
 duce irritation, or inflammation, as the 
 mineral acids, oxalic acid, the caustic 
 alkalies, antimony, arsenic, baryta, the 
 salts of copper, some of the compounds 
 of lead, nitrate of silver, the salts of 
 zinc, cantharides, iodine, phosphorus, etc. 
 A distinction is sometimes drawn between 
 irritant and corrosive poisons; but the 
 difference appears to be, at least in some 
 cases, one of degree rather than of kind. 
 Thus, one of the more powerful mineral 
 acids in a concentrated form, would be a 
 corrosive poison, but in a diluted foim, 
 only an irritant poison. 
 
 2. Narcotic poisons, or such as pro- 
 duce stupor or delirium, as opium, hyos- 
 cyamus, etc. 
 
 3. Sedative poisons , or those which di- 
 rectly reduce the vital powers, as hydro- 
 cyanic acid, cyanide of potassium, sul- 
 phuretted hydrogen and other of the 
 poisonous gases. 
 
 4. Acro-narcotic and Aero-sedative poi- 
 sons, including those which produce some- 
 times irritation, sometimes narcotism (or 
 sedation), or both together. They are 
 chiefly derived from the vegetable king- 
 dom. Stramonium or belladonna will fur- 
 nish an example of the acro-narcotic, and 
 aconite of the acro-sedative, poisons. 
 
 Treatment. — It is not deemed neces- 
 sary to enter here into a minute consi- 
 deration of the symptoms caused by the 
 various kinds of poison. In fact, the 
 symptoms produced by many different 
 substances so nearly resemble each other 
 that, without other data, they would 
 be wholly insufficient for determining the 
 character of the poison. But some as- 
 sistance towards forming a correct diag- 
 nosis will undoubtedly be furnished by a 
 knowledge even of the general properties 
 of the various poisons. With respect, 
 431 
 
POI 
 
 POI 
 
 however, to the more important articles 
 of this class, such as the mineral acids, 
 the caustic alkalies, arsenic, and several 
 of the other metals, it has been deemed 
 important to describe the most usual and 
 characteristic symptoms. 
 
 Acids . — Most of the mineral acids, as 
 well as oxalic acid, are corrosive poi- 
 sons : if taken into the stomach, they 
 cause an extremely sour, acrid taste, 
 with a sense of burning in the throat, 
 and an excruciating burning pain in the 
 stomach. The matter vomited causes 
 effervescence with chalk, or other forms 
 of carbonate of lime. The proper treat- 
 ment in such cases is to administer chalk, 
 or magnesia, made into a thin paste with 
 water. In case these substances are not 
 at hand, the plaster of the apartment 
 may be beaten to powder and made into 
 paste. As antidotes for nitric and oxalic 
 acids, lime and magnesia only are ad- 
 missible ; for acetic, citric, muriatic, sul- 
 phuric, and tartaric acids, the carbonates 
 of potash and soda may also be used. 
 The effects of hydrocyanic (or prussic) 
 acid are usually so rapid as to render 
 medical treatment of no avail. When 
 death does not follow instantaneously, 
 cold affusions or a cold douche on the 
 head will often prove extremely bene- 
 ficial. Ammonia may also be adminis- 
 tered with advantage. 
 
 Alkalies . — In cases of poisoning with 
 the caustic alkalies, there is an extremely 
 harsh, acrid taste, with intense burning 
 or smarting in the throat, caused by the 
 destruction of its lining membrane, ac- 
 companied with great difficulty or pain 
 in swallowing. The matter vomited 
 will turn vegetable blues to green, or 
 turmeric to brown. The proper anti- 
 dotes are the fluid fixed oils, as sweet 
 oil, linseed oil, castor oil, etc., or the 
 mild vegetable acids, as vinegar, lemon- 
 juice, etc. 
 
 Antimony . — In cases of poisoning with 
 the preparations of antimony, there is 
 usually vomiting, which should be facili- 
 tated, and rendered as free as possible, 
 by copious draughts of warm or tepid 
 water, or by tickling the fauces with 
 one’s finger or with a feather, etc. This 
 is to be followed by astringent drinks, 
 such as the infusion of galls, oak bark, 
 Peruvian bark, dogwood ( Cornus Flo- 
 rida), etc. 
 
 Arsenic . — When any of the soluble com- 
 pounds of arsenic havo been taken, there 
 is an intense burning pain in the sto- 
 mach and bowels, accompanied by violent 
 432 
 
 vomiting, a sense of dryness and tight- 
 ness in the throat, with an incessant de- 
 sire for drink. The eyes are red and 
 sparkling, and the countenance ex- 
 presses extreme suffering and anxiety. 
 Frequently there are nervous tremors, 
 and other symptoms showing that the 
 nervous system is powerfully affected. 
 In rare instances arsenic has been known 
 to produce coma and other symptoms 
 closely resembling narcotic poisoning. 
 For the treatment of cases of poisoning 
 with arsenious acid, the hydrated sesqui- 
 oxide (or peroxide) of iron, made into a 
 paste with water, is the best, if not the 
 only efficient, antidote. But even this 
 remedy has been found to be of little 
 avail when the arsenic has been swal- 
 lowed in a solid state. (See Arsenic.) 
 Hydrate of magnesia has also been 
 found useful, it is said, when the poison 
 has been taken in solution. 
 
 For Fowler’s Solution ( Liquor arseni- 
 calis), lime-water is a good antidote. In 
 case the other preparations of arsenic 
 have been taken, an emetic of sulphate 
 of zinc should be administered, followed 
 by a copious use of demulcent drinks, 
 such as flaxseed or slippery-elm tea, 
 milk, farinaceous decoctions, etc. 
 
 Baryta . — The symptoms are similar 
 to those produced by the corrosive 
 metals. The sulphates of soda and 
 magnesia are efficacious antidotes for 
 the salts of baryta. 
 
 Copper . — In cases of poisoning with 
 the salts of copper (which are corrosive 
 poisons), the best antidotes arc the white 
 of eggs and metallic iron (in the form 
 of filings or raspings). Vinegar should 
 be carefully avoided, as likely to dissolve 
 the solid or insoluble compounds that 
 may have been formed by the salts of 
 copper with animal or vegetable sub- 
 stances. 
 
 Iron . — For poisoning with the sul- 
 phate of iron (or copperas), carbonate of 
 soda, and mucilaginous drinks, are the 
 proper remedies. 
 
 Lead . — For the soluble salts of lead, 
 such as the acetate (sugar of lead), the 
 best antidotes arc sulphate of mag- 
 nesia (Epsom salts) and phosphate of 
 soda. For lead in any form insoluble in 
 water (white lead, for example), very 
 dilute sulphuric acid should bo adminis- 
 tered. Strychnia has been recommended 
 for paralysis resulting from lead. 
 
 Mercury . — For tho poisonous com- 
 pounds of mercury (such as corrosive 
 sublimate, tho cyanide and nitrate of 
 
mercury, red and white precipitates, etc.), 
 the white of eggs beaten up with water, 
 or milk, should be promptly and freely 
 given ; or, if these articles should not be 
 at hand, flour made into a paste may 
 be used as a substitute. 
 
 Silver . — For nitrate of silver (or lunar 
 caustic), common salt is an excellent an- 
 tidote. 
 
 Tin and Zinc . — For the poisonous 
 compounds of tin and zinc, milk and the 
 white of eggs will serve as antidotes. 
 When the sulphate or acetate of zinc 
 has been taken, vomiting should be pro- 
 moted by plentiful draughts of warm 
 water. 
 
 G uses . — Among the other most import- 
 ant inorganic poisons may be numbered 
 the poisonous gases, including carbonic 
 acid gas, carbonic oxide, carburetted and 
 sulphuretted hydrogen, the vapor of 
 ether, and chlorine. In cases of poison- 
 ing with these, the best remedy is fresh 
 air : if there should be stupor, cold affu- 
 sions may bo applied to the head, and 
 the vital powers quickened by artificial 
 respiration, and by the use of a galvanic 
 apparatus. For the poisonous effects of 
 carbonic acid gas, the inhalation of oxy- 
 gen is the best antidote. A cautious in- 
 halation of ammonia may prove useful 
 in cases of poisoning with chlorine. 
 
 For Iodine, the best antidote is starch; 
 when this is not at hand, flour, which 
 contains starch, may be substituted. 
 
 The poisonous effects of creasote may 
 be counteracted or mitigated by the 
 prompt administration of albumen in 
 some form. In cases of poisoning with 
 phosphorus, the chief reliance must be on 
 some prompt emetic, which should be 
 followed by mucilaginous drinks. If the 
 phosphorus should have been taken in 
 a solid form, the fluid oils should be 
 carefully avoided, on account of their 
 solvent property. 
 
 Organic Poisons. — Those found in 
 the vegetable kingdom are to be treated 
 according to their character. If vomit- 
 ing has been produced by their action, 
 this may be facilitated, or rendered 
 more free, by plentiful draughts of 
 warm water. But if the taking of the 
 poison has been followed by insensi- 
 bility, some active emetic, such as sul- 
 phate of zinc, should be administered, or, 
 in extreme cases, recourse must be had 
 to the stomach-pump. In the case of 
 opium, and similar narcotics, copious 
 affusions of cold water on the head have 
 sometimes proved of great advantage. 
 37 * 
 
 A strong infusion of coffee has been 
 found beneficial in counteracting the sub- 
 sequent effects of an over-dose of opium. 
 The remarkable antagonism existing be- 
 tween belladonna and opium, has some- 
 times, it is stated, been used with the 
 greatest advantage, each having, in its 
 turn, been made to act as an antidote to 
 the other. In like manner, it is said, 
 opium and stramonium may be used 
 mutually to counteract each other. Tan- 
 nin is the proper antidote for strychnia, 
 but, to be successful, it should be greatly 
 in excess; in the proportion of not less 
 than 25 or 30 of the antidote to 1 of the 
 poison. 
 
 Animal Poisons may be properly 
 ranked under two heads : — 
 
 1. Those taken into the stomach by 
 mistake as food ; such are the various 
 kinds of poisonous fish, which should be 
 treated on the same principles as the 
 vegetable poisons, that is, by emetics, 
 copious draughts of warm water, etc., 
 followed, perhaps, by an active purga- 
 tive, in order to remove any deleterious 
 matter which may have lodged in the 
 intestines. If cantharides should have 
 been taken, vomiting should be excited 
 by copious draughts of sweet oil, linseed 
 tea, milk, etc. 
 
 2. The poisonous secretions of the 
 various venomous animals, used by them 
 as a weapon of defence. As such poi- 
 sons are not taken into the stomach, but 
 introduced into the system through a 
 wound, an altogether different plan of 
 treatment is required. A cupping-glass 
 should be promptly placed over the 
 wound, and the air exhausted, for the 
 purpose of extracting the venom. At the 
 same time, if practicable, a moderately 
 tight ligature should be applied above 
 the bite or sting, in order to prevent the 
 virus from diffusing itself through the 
 system. If a cupping-glass cannot be 
 procured, the poison may be extracted 
 by sucking, in which case, it is scarcely 
 necessary to remark, care should be 
 taken not to swallow the saliva. In 
 cases of poisoning from venomous ser- 
 pents, the alkalies, especially ammonia, 
 applied to the wound and taken inter- 
 nally, are said, in some instances, to have 
 proved extremely beneficial. The appli- 
 cation of clay or mud to the part, by ex- 
 cluding the air, tends to obstruct the 
 activity of the poison. From several cases 
 recently reported, it would appear that 
 by far the most efficient antidote for the 
 venom of serpents, is the compound 
 
 433 
 
POI 
 
 POL 
 
 known as Bibron’s Antidote. A com- 
 mon formula for its preparation is the fol- 
 lowing : — Take of bromine two drachms 
 and a half; iodide of potassium, two 
 grains ; corrosive sublimate, one grain ; 
 dilute alcohol, thirty fluidrachms. Mix. 
 Dose, one fluidrachm, diluted with a 
 tablespoonful of wine or brandy, to be 
 repeated pro re natd. For hydrophobia, 
 after the poison has once been received 
 into the system, there is no antidote 
 known. As soon as possible after the 
 wound has been inflicted, the bitten part 
 should be completely cut out, and free 
 bleeding promoted by immersing the 
 wound in warm water; the surface should 
 afterwards be burned with actual cautery, 
 or with some efficient caustic. 
 
 Poi'soii-lLau'rel. The/Vunu* lauro- 
 cerasus. 
 
 Poa 'son-Oak. A popular name for 
 the Rhus toxicodendron. 
 
 Poitrme, pwa'tren'. The French 
 name for the chest or thorax. See Tho- 
 rax. 
 
 Poivre de Jamaique, pw&vn deh 
 zhAmek'. (“Jamaica Pepper.”) The 
 French name for “ allspice.” See Mvr- 
 TUS PlMENTA. 
 
 Po'lar. [PoSa'ras; from po'lus , a 
 “pole.”] Pertaining to the pole, or near 
 the pole. 
 
 Po'lar Cir'cles. Those which cir- 
 cumscribe the poles, — the northern or 
 Arctic, the southern or Antarctic. 
 
 Po-Iar'I-ty. [Polar'itas, a 'tis; 
 from po'lus, a “pole.”] The property 
 of the magnet in pointing to the poles. 
 That property which disposes the parti- 
 cles of many kinds of bodies to arrange 
 themselves in certain determinate direc- 
 tions, or point, as it were, to given poles. 
 Magnetic polarity is the tendency of a 
 magnet, when freely and horizontally sus- 
 pended, to point to the magnetic poles 
 of the earth. 
 
 Po-Iar-i-za'tion of Light. Light 
 which has undergone certain reflections 
 or refractions, or been subjected to the 
 action of material bodies in any one of a 
 great number of ways, acquires a certain 
 modification, in consequence of which it 
 no longer presents the same phenomena 
 of reflection and transmission as light 
 which has not been subjected to such 
 action. This modification is termed po- 
 larization of light. — (Biiande.) One form 
 of this polarization is exhibited in the 
 phenomenon known as double refraction. 
 
 Pol-e-mo'nI-a,* the plural of Pole- 
 mo' nium, forming the Jussicuan name 
 434 
 
 of a natural order of plants. See Pole- 
 
 moniacea:. 
 
 PoleBuoniaceae,* pol-e-mo-ne-a'- 
 she-e. A natural order of exogenous, 
 herbaceous plants, abundant in North 
 and South America. It includes the 
 Phlox , and Polemonium , one species of 
 which is the Greek Valerian. 
 
 Poles. [Po'li, plural of po'lus.'] The 
 extremities of the axis of a sphere ; spe- 
 cially applied to those of the earth, 
 termed the North and South Poles. 
 
 Po-Si-a'ter .* [From 7 ro\ig, a “ city,” 
 and iarpog, a “physician.”] A physician 
 who practises his profession in a city by 
 the appointment of the government. 
 
 Pol-i-ti'a.* [Gr. tt oXireia, the “ govern- 
 ment, or civil polity, of a state.”] The 
 polity by which a city or town is governed : 
 police. 
 
 Politi'a Me<l'i-ca.* The medical 
 
 police of a town or city. 
 
 Pol'len, in is* Originally, fine flour. 
 Applied to the powdery substance con- 
 tained in the anthers of flowers, consti- 
 tuting the fecundating principle in pha- 
 nerogamous plants. 
 
 Pol'leai Tube. A tubular process, or 
 extremely minute tube, which grows or 
 sprouts from the grain of pollen when 
 the latter comes in contact with the 
 stigma. It is supposed to convey the 
 fertilizing influence down the style to 
 the ovule. 
 
 Pol'Iex,* gen. Pol'li-cis. [From 
 
 pol'leo, to “be strong;” because it is 
 stronger than the fingers.] (Fr. Pouce , 
 pooss.) The thumb. Also applied to the 
 great toe. 
 
 Pol-lin'i-a.* [From pol'len.] A 
 term applied to the granular or waxy 
 masses of pollen found in the Orchi- 
 
 dacefe. 
 
 Pol-li-nif 'er-ous. [Pollinif 'crus ; 
 
 from pol'len , and fe'ro , to “ bear.”] 
 Bearing, or containing, pollen. 
 
 Pol'li-nin. [Pollini'na.] A pecu- 
 liar and highly combustible substance 
 obtained from the pollen of tulips. 
 
 Pollu'tio (pol-lu'she-o) Di-ur'na.* 
 (“Diurnal Pollution.”) The same as 
 Spermatoclemma, which see. 
 
 Pol-lu'tion. [Pollu'tio, o 'nis; 
 from pol'luoy polin' turn, to “ defile.”] (Fr. 
 Souillure , swAyUn'.) Tho emission of 
 semen without coition. It may be volun- 
 tary (then termed masturbation , or onan- 
 ism), or involuntary. Involuntary pol- 
 lution is sometimes tho result of weak- 
 ness caused by masturbation. When it 
 occurs in sleep, it is called gonorrhoea dor * 
 
POL 
 
 POL 
 
 niientium , or Spermatorrhoea. Dormi- 
 entium, which see. 
 
 I*o 1-y-a-ca n 'thus.* [From roXu;, 
 
 many,” and anajOa, a “ thorn . ”] Hav- 
 ing many spines or thorns : polyacan- 
 thous. 
 
 PoJ-y-a*(lel'pM-a. i: [From -mXvg, 
 ^ man y,” and <i&£\<p6g, a "brother.”] 
 Literally, “ having many brotherhoods, 
 companies, or sets.” The eighteenth class 
 in the Linnsean system of plants, com- 
 prising those whose stamens are united 
 by their filaments into three or more 
 sets. 
 
 Pol-y-a-del'plioiis. [Polyadel'- 
 pliius, or Polyadel'plms ; from the 
 same.] Having the filaments in several 
 sets: polyadel'phious. See Polyadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Pol-y-ad'e-nns.* [From -noXvg, “ ma- 
 ny,” and abqv, a “ gland.”] Bearing 
 many glands : polyadenous. 
 
 Pol-y-an 'drl-a.* [From iroXvg, “ m a- 
 ny,” and avrjp, a "man,” or “male.”] 
 The thirteenth class in the Linn man 
 system of plants, comprising those which 
 have twenty or more stamens inserted 
 on the receptacle. 
 
 Pol-y-aii 'drous. [Poly an '<] rius, 
 or Polyan'drus ; from the same.] 
 Having many hypogynous stamens: 
 polyan'drious. 
 
 Pol-y-an'tlious. [Polyan'ftBaus ; 
 
 from i roXv;, “ many,” and uvQog, a “ flower.”] 
 Bearing many flowers. 
 
 Pol-y-car'pic. [Polyear'jpaeus ; 
 from 7m\v g, “many,” and Kapxdg, “fruit.”] 
 Bearing fruit many times, that is, year 
 after year. 
 
 Pol-y-ear'pous. [Polycar 'pus ; 
 
 from the same.] Having, or bearing, 
 much fruit. 
 
 Pol-y-sepBi'a-lous. [Polycepli'a- 
 
 lus; from 7roXti;, “ many,” and Ke^aXi), the 
 “ head.”] Having many heads. Applied 
 to plants. 
 
 P©l-y-$e-ra't;us.* [From noXvg, 
 " many,” and tdpa;, a “horn.”] Applied 
 to a plant of which the fruits resemble a 
 bundle of small horns. In Zoology, 
 having many horns. 
 
 Pol'y-chrest. [Polyclares'tos, or 
 Polyclires'tus; from voXvg, “many,” 
 and \ prjGTog, “useful.”] Having many 
 uses or virtues. Also, a substance possess- 
 ing many virtues. 
 
 Pol-y-ehro-matic. [PolycSaro- 
 mat'icus; from iroXvg, “many,” and 
 XpMpa, “color.”] Of various colors,* 
 many-colored. 
 
 Po-lye'la-dous. [Polyc'ladus ; 
 
 from ttoXvs, “many,” or “much,” and 
 kXuIo;, a “branch.”] Much branched. 
 Applied to plants. 
 
 Pol-y-clo'nos,* or Pol-y-clo'nus.** 
 
 [From TroXvg, “many,” and kXo v, a 
 “branch.”] Having many branches. 
 
 Pol-y-coe'cous. [Polycoc'ciis ; 
 from -rroXvg, “many,” and k6kko; , a “ker- 
 nel,” or “berry.”] Having many or 
 several cocci (closed cells or carpels). 
 
 P©l-y-c©t-y-le'd©BB. ;: [From noXvg , 
 “many,” and KorvXrjSoi/ f a “cotyledon.”] 
 A plant that has several, or more than 
 two, c )tylcdons. 
 
 PoS-y-cot-y-led'o-nous. [From the 
 same.] Having several, or more than 
 two, cotyledons. 
 
 P©l-y-dip> 'sl-a.- [From -rroXvg, 
 
 “ much,” and iapij, “ thirst.”] Excessive 
 thirst. A genus of the order Dysorexise, 
 class Locales , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Polyedron. See Polyhedron. 
 
 Po-lyg'a-la. $ [From noXvg, “much,” 
 and yaXa, “milk:” named from the abun- 
 dant milky juice found in some of the 
 species.] Milkwort. A Linnman genus 
 of the class Diadclpliia, natural order 
 Polyyalaccse. 
 
 Polyg'ala Ru-bel'la.* Bitter Po- 
 lygala. The Pharmacopoeia! name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the root and herb of Polyyala 
 rubella. 
 
 Polyg'ala Sen'e-ga.' 5 The rattle- 
 snake-root, or Seneka snake-root. See 
 Senega. 
 
 PoUygalacese,* pol-e-ga-la'she-e, 
 or Pol-y-ga'le-av* A natural order 
 of exogenous plants (herbs or shrubs), 
 with tonic, astringent, or nephritic pro- 
 perties. It includes Polyyala senega 
 (Snake-root). 
 
 Pol-y-ga-lac'tB-aL.* [From -rroXvg, 
 “ much,” and yuXa, “milk.”] Excessive 
 secretion, or an overflow, of milk. 
 
 P©!-y-ga'fle-av :;: ' The Jussieuan 
 name of a natural order of plants. See 
 Polygalacea:. 
 
 Pol-y-gal ic. [Polygal'ieus % from 
 Poly y' ala .] Applied to an acid discovered 
 in the Polyyala senega, and other species. 
 
 Po-lyg'a-lin- [Polygali'na.] A 
 bitter alkaline principle discovered in 
 several species of Polyyala. 
 
 Pol-y-ga/wai-a.* [From -rroXvg, "ma- 
 ny,” and yapog, a “marriage.”] A Lin- 
 naean class of plants, including those 
 which have staminate, pistillate, and 
 perfect flowers either on the same or on 
 different plants. 
 
 Po-lyg'a-mous. [Polyga'mios, 
 or PoJyg'amus; from the same.] 
 435 
 
POL 
 
 POL 
 
 Having both perfect and separated flow- 
 ers : polyga'mious. See Polygamia. 
 
 Pol-y-gas'tri-ca.* [From m\ vg, 
 “ many/' and yaorrjp, a “ stomach.”] The 
 first class of the Diploneura, or Helmin- 
 thoidci, consisting of minute, transparent, 
 soft, aquatic animals, with numerous 
 stomachs, or ceeca, communicating with 
 an internal alimentary cavity. They 
 are without perceptible nerves or mus- 
 cles, and move by external vibratile 
 cilia. 
 
 Po-Iy-gen'ie. [Polygen'icus ; 
 
 from m\v;, “ many/’ and yb cj, to “ be 
 born/ 7 to “ be produced/’] Applied to a 
 rock which owes its origin to fragments 
 of several different rocks united by cal- 
 careous cement. 
 
 Pol'y-gon. [Polyg’o'nim* ; from 
 7ro\vj, “ many,” and yoma, an “angle.”] 
 A plane figure having more than four 
 angles, and, consequently, more than 
 four sides. If the sides are equal, it is 
 called a regular polygon. 
 
 Polygon aceje/- po-lig-o-na'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous plants, 
 mostly herbaceous, natives of nearly all 
 parts of the world. The roots are uni- 
 versally nauseous and purgative. It 
 includes the Polyg'onum (Buckwheat,) 
 Ra'mex (Dock), and Rheum (Rhubarb). 
 
 Po-lyg'o-nal. [Polygo'mis.] Be- 
 longing to a polygon. 
 
 Pol-y-go-iia'tns.** [From izoXv;, 
 “many,” and ybjv, a “knee;” also, a 
 “joint,” as of grasses.] Poly g'on ate. 
 Applied to certain plants and insects. 
 
 Po-Iyg'o-num.* [From the same.] 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Octandria , 
 natural order Polygonarese. 
 
 Polygonum Bis-tor'ta. : ' : The 
 
 plant commonly known as bistort. The 
 root is astringent. 
 
 Pol-y-gyn'I-sw* [From noXvg, “ ma- 
 ny,” and yovf/, a “ woman,” or “ female.”] 
 An order in the Linnman system of 
 plants, including those which have many 
 pistils, or more than twelve pistils. 
 
 Pol -y-gy n ' l-oa is. [ Poly gy n ' ius, 
 or Polyg'ynus ; from the same.] Hav- 
 ing many pistils. 
 
 PoI-y-iie'«lraI, or Pol-y-lie'dric. 
 [Polyhe'drus.] Belonging to a poly- 
 hedron. 
 
 Pol-y-lie'droii. [ Poly lie'd ruin ; 
 
 from ^ ro\v;, “many,” and cfya, a “base.”] 
 A solid figure contained by many sides 
 or planes ; a solid bounded by poly- 
 gons. 
 
 PoI-^-mor'plions. [Polymor- 
 pluis: from m\vg, “many,” and nopprj, 
 436 
 
 “ shape.”] Having many forms ; various 
 in form. 
 
 Pol-y-neu'rus. ;;: [From ttoXvc, “ ma- 
 ny,” and vsvpov, a “ nerve.”] Applied to 
 a leaf the lateral nervures of which are 
 very numerous. 
 
 Pol-y-o'pi-a.* [From ttoXv “ many,” 
 and mropiai , to “ see.”] An affection of 
 the organs of sight, in which the objects 
 are multiplied; multiple vision : polyo'py. 
 
 Pol'y-pa-ry. [Polypa'rimn ; from 
 pol'ypus, a “ polype.”] Applied to the 
 habitation of a number of polypi. 
 
 Polype. See Polypus. 
 
 Pol-y-pet'a-lons. [Polypeta/leus, 
 or Polypet'alus; from i roXvg, “many,” 
 and 7riraAoj/, a “ petal.”] Having many 
 petals, or distinct petals : polypeta'leous. 
 
 Pol'y-pSiore. [From iroXvg, “ many,” 
 and 0spo>, to “ bear.”] A common recep- 
 tacle of many carpels, as in the Straw- 
 berry. 
 
 Pol-y-pliyl'lous. [PolypIfiyl'Ins ; 
 
 from ttoXvj, “ many,” and QvXX ov } a “ leaf.”] 
 Having many leaves. 
 
 Pol'y-pi,&* gen. Pol-y-po'rum. The 
 
 plural of Polypus, which see. 
 
 Pol-y-pif 'er-ous. [Polypif 'erus ; 
 
 from pol'ypus, a “polype,” and fc'ro y to 
 “bear.”] Bearing polypi. 
 
 Pol'y-pi-form. [Polypifor'mis ; 
 from pol'ypus , a “ polype.”] Having the 
 form or appearance of a polypus. 
 
 Poly pod iaeeae,* pol-e-po-de-a'- 
 
 she-e. A natural order of cryptogamous 
 plants, including Polypo' dium, and many 
 other kinds of ferns. 
 
 Pol-y-po'di-nm.*' [From iroXvg, 
 “many,” and novg, a “foot.”] A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Cryptogamia , 
 order Filices , or Poly pod iaccvc. 
 
 Polypo'dium Fi lix Mas/-' Another 
 name for the Avpidium jilix mas, or male 
 fern. 
 
 Pol'y-pous, or Pol y-pal. [Poly- 
 po'stis: from pol'ypus.] Having polypi, 
 or many tumors like a polypus. 
 
 Pol'y-pus. 1 " [From koXv;, “many,” 
 and 7rovg, a “ foot.”] A tumor in the 
 nose, uterus, or vagina; from its having 
 numerous ramifications, like legs or feet. 
 Also, an animal of the Radiata y charac- 
 terized by a fleshy body of a conical or 
 cylindrical form, commonly fixed at ono 
 extremity, having at the other the 
 mouth, surrounded by several arms or 
 tentacles : a polype. 
 
 Pol-y-rhi'zoii*. or Pol-^-rhi'wd. 
 [Polyrhi'zus; from toXuj, “many,” (fnd 
 pba, a “ root.”] Having many roots. 
 
 Pol-y-sar'^l-nu :;j [ F rom roAu,-, “much/ 1 
 
POL 
 
 PON 
 
 and oap£, “ flesh.”] An increased bulk 
 of body beyond what is healthy ; obesity. 
 A genus of the order Jntumescentise , class 
 Cachexise , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Pol-y-sar'cous. f Polysar'cws ; 
 
 from the same.] Having much flesh; 
 obese. 
 
 Poby-sep'a-loiis. [Polysep'ains : 
 
 from noXvs, “many,” and sep'alum , a 
 “ sepal.”] Having two or more distinct 
 sepals. Applied to a calyx. 
 
 Pol-y-sjper'inous. [From - o\vg , 
 
 “many,” and aireppa , a “seed.”] Having 
 many seeds. 
 
 Pol-ys'po-rous. [Polys'porus ; 
 
 from tcoXv;, “ many,” and <m6pa , a “ seed.”] 
 Containing many spores. See Spore 
 
 Pol-y-sta'cSiy-ws.* [From n o\v$, 
 “many,” and cruxes, an “ear.”] Hav- 
 ing many spikes or ears. 
 
 P©l-y-ste'm«-siiows. [P©3yste'- 
 m©irais; from tto\vs, “ many,” and arijpcoi >, 
 a “stamen.”] Having many stamens. 
 
 Pol-y-stus ,,11(20MS » [PoBystag ,, BiraMS ; 
 from 7 to\v;, “ many,” and ariy/jt. 2 , a “ stig- 
 ma.”] Having many stigmas in each 
 flower. 
 
 Pol-y-sty'lows. [PoEysty'lus ; 
 
 from 7ro\v j, “ many,” and or-uAo;, a “ pil- 
 lar,” or “style.”] Having many styles. 
 
 P©3-y-tec2i'nflc. [PoflyiecSi'snicus ; 
 from ttoXvs, “many,” and rix'^, “art.”] 
 Pertaining to many, or several, arts and 
 sciences. A polytechnic school is an 
 institution in which many arts or sciences 
 are taught. The first school bearing this 
 name was founded in Paris in 1794. 
 
 P©l-y-tEiara-EH©uis. [PoIytSial'- 
 aami§; from no\vg, “many,” and daXapo;, 
 a “chamber.”] Applied to a univalve 
 shell divided into many apartments. 
 
 Po-lyt'ri-cllms.* [From “ma- 
 ny,” or “much,” and “hair.”] Hav- 
 ing abundant hair. 
 
 Po'iraia,* gen. Po-mo'nam, the plu- 
 ral of Pomum, which see. 
 
 Pomacese,- po-ma'she-e. [From 
 po'mum, a Latin term for an “ apple,” 
 or other fruit.] A natural order of 
 exogenous trees and shrubs, natives of 
 many temperate regions, but not found 
 in the southern hemisphere. It includes 
 the Apple, the Pear ( Pyrus ), the Quince 
 ( Cydonia ), and Plum (Primus). Some 
 botanists consider Pomcicese as a division 
 of the order Posacese. 
 
 P©-niia/ce©tras. [Ponma'ceias ; from 
 poimum , an “apple,” or other fruit.] 
 Resembling the apple, or of the nature 
 df an apple. 
 
 Pome. [Po'ma; from po'mum , an 
 
 “apple,” or other fruit.] A fleshy fruit, 
 composed of two or more carpels, usually 
 more or less involved in a pulpy expan- 
 sion of the receptacle or disk, and the 
 whole invested by the thickened and 
 succulent tube of the calyx; as the apple. 
 — (Guay. ) 
 
 Pomegranate, pum'gran-at. [From 
 po'mum, an “apple,” or other fruit, and 
 g ratin' tus , “having grains.”] The fruit 
 of the Pa men granutum. 
 
 Po-mif 'er-©us. [Pomif'erns; 
 from po'mum, an “ apple,” or other fruit, 
 and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing pomes. 
 
 Pom'I-form. [Pomiior inis; from 
 po'mum, an “apple,” or other fruit.] 
 Having the form of an apple. 
 
 PoBuine dc Torre, pomm deh ten. 
 The French name for Potato, which see. 
 
 Po-mol'ogy- [Pomolo'gia; fr< m 
 po'mum, an “apple,” or other fruit, and 
 A oyo;, a “discourse.”] A treatise on 
 fruits ; the science of fruits, or the art 
 of cultivating fruits; the department 
 of Botany relating to fruits. 
 
 Ponu-pBii©l-y-S'©'€les.' :i: * [From pom' - 
 pholyx .] Resembling or having pom- 
 pholyx. 
 
 P©m'pBio-lyx, y gis* [From -rop'l^s, 
 a “bladder.”] A small vesicle or blad- 
 der especially containing water; also, a 
 skin-di. ease in which there is an erup- 
 tion of bullae without inflammation round 
 them, and unattended by fever. 
 
 P © ' mi uni plural P© ' ma . A n ap pi e, 
 or larger fruit. Origin all y, a general 
 name of fruit which grows on trees; as 
 the apple, pear, etc. See Pome. 
 
 Poiis il in A-da'mi.* (“Adam’s Ap- 
 ple.”) The anterior part of the thyroid 
 cartilage, forming an angular projection 
 on the fore part of the neck. 
 
 Poai-der-a-bil'i-ty. [Ponderabil'- 
 itas, a 'tis; from pon'dero, to “weigh.”] 
 The property of having weight. 
 
 P©n der-a-blo. [From pon'dus, pon'- 
 deris, “weight.”] That may be weighed. 
 A term applied to bodies ha ving weight. 
 
 P©ias Hep'a-tis.* (“ Bridge of the 
 Liver.”) A portion of the substance of 
 the liver which passes from one lobe to 
 the other, frequently converting the lower 
 half of the longitudinal fissure into a true 
 canal. 
 
 P©ns Ta-ri'ni.* (“ Bridge of Tari- 
 nus.”) A cineritious substance between 
 the corpora albicantia of the brain, con- 
 necting the crura, and forming part of 
 the floor of the third ventricle. The 
 fossa, at the bottom of which it is placed, 
 is called Lo'cux perfora' tus posti'eus. 
 
 437 
 
PON 
 
 POll 
 
 Pons Va-ro li-i.* (“Bridge of Va- 
 rolius ; ') The square portion of medul- 
 lary substance connecting the cerebrum, 
 cerebellum, and Medulla oblongata, first 
 described by Varolius ; otherwise termed 
 the Corpus annulare, Processus annularis, 
 Tuber annulare, and Tuber culum annu- 
 lare. 
 
 Pontecleracese,* pon-te-de-ra'she-e. 
 A natural order of endogenous aquatic 
 plants, found in America, India, and 
 tropical Africa. It includes the Ponte- 
 de'ria. 
 
 Pop'Ies, 1 itis* [From p> ost > “ be- 
 hind/’ and pli’co, to “fold.”] (Fr. Jar- 
 ret, zh&'rA.) The ham, or back part of 
 the knee-joint. 
 
 Pop-li-tae'ns.* (“ Popliteal [Mus- 
 c le]. ,, ) [From pop'les, pop' litis, the 
 “ham.”] A muscle arising from the ex- 
 ternal condyle of the femur, and inserted 
 into the superior triangular surface at 
 the back of the tibia. It bends the thigh 
 and leg. 
 
 Pop-li-te'al. [Poplitse'us ; from 
 
 the same.] Belonging to the ham. 
 
 Poplite'al Space. A somewhat oval 
 space, of considerable depth, behind the 
 knee-joint. 
 
 Poppy. See Pap aver. 
 
 Pop'py, Red Corn. The Papaver 
 
 rhoeas. 
 
 Pop'py, White. A name for the 
 Papaver somniferum. 
 
 Pop'n-lin. [Populi'na.] A name 
 given to an alkali found in the bark of 
 the Pop’ ulus trend ula, or aspen-tree. 
 
 Por-cel-la'ne-ous. [Porcella'ite- 
 us, or Porcella'nus; from porcella’na, 
 a “porcelain vessel.”] Belonging to por- 
 celain. 
 
 Pore. [Po'rus; from nopo;, a “pass- 
 age.”] A small opening at the extremity 
 of a vessel at the surface of an organized 
 body. Also, a small interstice between 
 the particles of matter which compose 
 bodies. It appears that pores exist in 
 all bodies, even the most dense. 
 
 Po-rif 'e-ra.* [From po'rus, a “pore,” 
 and fe'ro, to “bear.”] A term applied 
 to a group of polypi. Also employed by 
 Dr. Grant to designate a class of organ- 
 ized bodies, including the marine and 
 fresh-water sponges. 
 
 Po'rl-form. [ Porifor'mis; from 
 po'rus , a “pore.”] Having the form of 
 simple pores. 
 
 Por.nog'ra-phjr. [Poriiogra'- 
 pliia; from n6pvri, a “prostitute,” and 
 yp«0o>, to “write.”] A history or descrip- 
 tion of prostitution. 
 
 438 
 
 Po-ro'ma, a tis.% [Gr. ntoptopa; from 
 ■rrdjpo;, a kind of stone.] A callus, or 
 hardened part. See Porosis. 
 
 Por-o-pEayl'lus.* [From nopog, a 
 “pore,” and QvWov, a “leaf.”] Having 
 leaves sprinkled with transparent points 
 like pores, as the Boebera porophyl'la : 
 porophyl'lous. 
 
 Po-ro'sis.* [From n copoco, to “turn 
 to stone,” to “harden.” See Poroma.] 
 The progress or formation of Poroma, or 
 the process by which the extremities 
 of fractured bones are reunited by a 
 callus. 
 
 Po-ros'I-ty. [Poros'itas, ft' t is; 
 
 from po'rus, a “pore.”] The property 
 or quality of having pores or interstices 
 between the particles. 
 
 Po'rons. [Poro'stis; from po’rus, 
 a “pore.”] Having pores, or full of 
 pores. 
 
 Por'pSuy-ra.* [From nop^vpa, “pur- 
 ple.”] A name for Purpura, which see. 
 
 Por-ptiy-fi*is'ma, a tis.% [From nop- 
 (j>vpa, “purple.”] A name for Scarla- 
 tina, which see. 
 
 Por'pBay-ry. [From the same.] An 
 extremely hard stone of a reddish or 
 purple color, more or less variegated, 
 being of all varieties of shade from vio- 
 let to a claret color. It is susceptible of 
 a high polish. It belongs to the igneous 
 rocks. 
 
 Por-rig'i-nous. [Porrigmo'sus.] 
 
 Having po rrigo. 
 
 Por-ri'go, g' inis.® [Fromy>or'r?fm, a 
 “leek.”] (Fr. Teiyne, ten or tin.) Ring- 
 worm of the scalp ; scald-head : also 
 termed Favus and Tinea, which see. 
 
 Porriim. See Allium Porrum. 
 
 Por'ta.** [From por’to, to “carry.”] 
 Literally, a “door,” or “gate.” Applied 
 to that part of the liver where its vessels 
 enter. 
 
 Por'tal Cir-cu-la'tion. A subor- 
 dinate part of the venous circulation, in 
 which the blood makes an additional 
 circuit before it joins the rest of the 
 venous blood. There arc in the verte- 
 brate classes of animals two portal circu- 
 lations. one of the liver, and the other 
 of the kidneys. The former exists in all 
 the Vertebrata ; the latter, only in rep- 
 tiles, Amnhibia, and fishes. 
 
 Por'tal Vein. [Vo'na Por'tsr.] 
 A vein originating from all the organs 
 within the abdomen, except the kidneys 
 and bladder, and the uterus in the •fe- 
 male. It has two principal trunks, the 
 splenic and superior mesenteric veins. 
 
 Port-caus'tic. [From por'to, tft 
 
POR 
 
 POT 
 
 “carry,” and cans' ticum, “ caustic.”] A 
 small cylindrical instrument for carry- 
 ing some caustic substance in the pocket. 
 
 Por'ter. An infusion of malt and 
 hops, owing its dark color to high-dried, 
 or charred, malt. 
 
 JPor'ti© (por'she-o) I>u'ra,* (“Hard 
 Portion.”) The hard branch of the 
 seventh pair of nerves ; the facial nerve. 
 
 Por'tio Mol '1 is.* (“Soft Portion.”) 
 The soft branch of the seventh pair of 
 nerves ; the auditory or acoustic nerve. 
 
 Portland Stone. A granular lime- 
 stone, belonging to the upper part of 
 the oolite formation, and abounding in 
 the island of Portland, on the southern 
 coast of England. 
 
 Portia lacaeeae,* por-tu-la-ka'she-e, 
 or Portia laeese,* por-tu-la'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous succulent 
 plants, found in dry places in South 
 America and South Africa. It includes 
 Portula'ca , one species of which is com- 
 mon Purslane. 
 
 IPo'riss.* [Gr. it copo;, “tuff-stone,” 
 “ tufa.”] The thick, hard skin, or brawn ; 
 callus. 
 
 Po'riis.* [Gr. 7 ropo;, a “ford,” a 
 “ ferry,” or “ passage.”] A duct ; a pore. 
 See Pore. 
 
 Po'ras ©p'ti-cus.* (“Optic Pore.”) 
 A dark point in the centre of the optic 
 nerve, through which the central artery 
 passes. Sec Punctum Caecum. 
 
 Pos'i-tive El'e-ments. A term ap- 
 plied to the plates of zinc in the galvanic 
 pile; the zinc or most oxidizable metal 
 being in such combinations always found 
 to be positively, and the copper (or sil- 
 ver), the least oxidizable, negatively, 
 electrical. 
 
 Pos-i-tiv'i-ty. [Positiv'itas, a' i is.] 
 The state of a body which manifests the 
 phenomena of positive electricity. 
 
 Po-sol'o»gy. [Prom mao;, “how 
 much,” and Xoyo;, a “ discourse.”] That 
 branch of medicine which treats of quan- 
 tity, or doses. See Dose. 
 
 Pos'set. [Posse'tum.] A prepa- 
 ration peculiar to the English : being 
 milk heated to boiling, and then curdled 
 with wine, treacle, or an acid. 
 
 Post-di-1 u ' vi-an . [ Postilil 11 via'- 
 ims: from qiost, “after,” and dilu'vium, 
 the “deluge.”] Applied to the earths 
 deposited by rivers or temporary floods, 
 etc., posterior to the great catastrophe 
 called the Deluge. 
 
 P©s-te'i*i-or Au'ris.* (“Posterior 
 TMuscle] of the Ear.”) A muscle situated 
 behind the ear, and consisting of one or 
 
 more bundles of fleshy fibres; sometime* 
 called musculi retrahentes auriculam 
 (muscles which draw back the auricle). 
 
 Pos-tlii'tis, [From nooOr], the 
 
 “prepuce.”] Inflammation of the mem- 
 brane of the glans penis. The same as 
 Balanitis, which see. 
 
 Post-Mortem.* (“After Death.”) 
 Applied to the examination of a dead 
 body. 
 
 Post Par'tum.* [From post, “af- 
 ter,” and par'tus, the “ time of travail.”] 
 “After or subsequent to childbirth.” Ap- 
 plied to haemorrhage or any other occur- 
 rence ensuing after parturition. 
 
 Post. sing-, soil. 1 flij. = Post sin' ga- 
 las se'des liq'uidas* “After every loose 
 stool.” 
 
 Pot. = Po'tio* “A potion.” 
 
 Pot'asla. [Potas'sa.] The vegeta- 
 ble alkali also termed Kali; properly, 
 an hydrated protoxide of potassium. 
 
 Po-tas'sa.* A Latinized form of the 
 word “potash.” 
 
 Potas'sa Eu'sa.* (“ Fused Potash.”) 
 The hydrate of potash : also called Lapis 
 infernalis. Prepared by evaporating a 
 solution of potash to dryness in an iron 
 vessel. It is a powerful caustic, and is 
 employed for forming issues, etc. 
 
 Po-tas'sse Bl*chro'mas. $ (“Bi- 
 chromate of Potash.”) The name ap- 
 plied to a substance in orange-red, an- 
 hydrous, tabular crystals, soluble in ten 
 parts of cold, and in much less of boiling, 
 water, forming a solution having an acid 
 reaction. It has been placed on the 
 primary list of the Materia Medica of 
 the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for I860. In 
 small doses it is an alterative: in large 
 doses, an irritant poison. Externally it 
 is used as a caustic. 
 
 Potas'sae Bi-tar 'tras* (“ Bitartrate 
 of Potash”), or Cream of Tar tar. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name for a sub- 
 stance which is dissolved sparingly by 
 water, but freely by a hot solution of 
 potassa, which deposits it again upon the 
 addition of an acid. It is a cathartic, 
 diuretic, and refrigerant. 
 
 Potas'sae Car-too'nas Im-pu'ra or 
 Im-pii'riis.* (“Impure Carbonate of 
 Potash.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the substance known in 
 commerce by the name of “pearlash.” 
 
 Potas'sse CSilo'ras.* (“Chlorate 
 of Potash.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 || of a substance in colorless, tabular cr 3 T s- 
 tals. which have a pearly lustre, and are 
 wholly soluble in distilled water. Chlo- 
 rate of potash is an arterial sedative. 
 
 439 
 
POT 
 
 PRE 
 
 It is said to be a most valuable remedy 
 in stomatitis caused by the use of mer- 
 cury. 
 
 Potas'sae Ni'tras.* (“ Nitrate of 
 Potash.”) Nitre or Saltpetre. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || of a substance in 
 colorless prismatic crystals, unalterable 
 in the air, and wholly soluble in water. 
 It is a refrigerant, diuretic, and diapho- 
 retic. 
 
 Potas'sje Per-man ga-nas. (“ Per- 
 manganate of Potash.”) The name ap- 
 plied to a substance in needle-shaped 
 crystals of a deep purple color. It is 
 soluble in sixteen parts of cold water, 
 with the exception of a scanty, brown 
 matter. It has been placed on the pri- 
 mary list of the Materia Medica of the 
 U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. It is used 
 as an escharotic. 
 
 Potas'sae Sulphas.* (“ Sulphate 
 of Potash.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 || of a substance in hard, colorless crystals, 
 unalterable in the air, sparingly soluble 
 in cold water, and insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 Po-tas'si-cus. i: [From potassium.'] 
 Belonging to potassium: potassic. 
 
 Po-tas si-i Fer-ro-^y-an 'i-dum.* 
 (“ Ferrocvanide of Potassium.”) Also 
 termed the Ferrocyan'uret of Potas'- 
 siuui. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) forasubstancein crystals of a lemon- 
 yellow color, wholly soluble in water. It 
 is chiefly used in the preparation of hy- 
 drocyanic acid, Prussian blue, etc. 
 
 Potassium,* po-tash 'e-um. A very 
 remarkable metal, discovered by Davy in 
 1307. It is the base of potash. One of 
 the striking peculiarities of potassium is 
 its low specific gravity (.865b it being 
 the lightest known solid; another is its 
 intense affinity for oxygen, in consequence 
 of which it takes fire when thrown upon 
 water 
 
 Po-ta'to. [Span Batata. bd-t§.'td; Fr. 
 Pomme dc Tarrt, pomm deh teR.] The 
 common name for the root (tuber) of 
 the Solu'nnm tnbero'sum. 
 
 Potential (po-ten'shal) C’au'te-ry. 
 [Caute'rium Potentiate.] See Cau- 
 tery, Potential. 
 
 Po-ten-tilla.* [ From po’tens, “pow- 
 erful.”] The wild tansy. A Linnaean 
 g mus of the class Icosandria, natural 
 order Panacea:. 
 
 Potentilla Tor-men-til'la.* The 
 
 systematic name of the tormentil plant. 
 
 Po'tion. [Po'tio, o'nis / from po’to, 
 pota'tum or po’tiim, to “ drink.”] A me- 
 dicinal mixture to be taken as a drink. 
 See Draught. 
 
 440 
 
 Po-to-ma'ni-a.* [From po’to , po'~ 
 turn, to “drink,” and pavia, “madness.”] 
 Drink-madness. The same as Mania a 
 Potu, which see. 
 
 Pot-Pour' ri, pot poo'ree. Literally, 
 a “medley,” a “hotch-potch.” A mix- 
 ture of fragrant flowers, roots, gums, 
 etc., either mixed together dry or pre- 
 served with salt. 
 
 Pou, poo. The French name for 
 “louse.” See Pediculus. 
 
 Ponce, pooss. The French name for 
 the “thumb.” See Pollex. 
 
 Pouch. See Sacculus. 
 
 Poudre, poodR. The French name 
 for “powder.” See Pulvis. 
 
 Poudre tie Cliypre, poodR deh shepR. 
 See Aeelmoschus. 
 
 Pouls, poo. The French term for 
 “pulse.” See Pulsus, 
 
 Poultice. See Cataplasm. 
 
 Pouinon, poo'ni&Nt 0 '. The French 
 term for Lungs, which see. 
 
 Pou'part’s (poo'parts) Lig a-mcnt. 
 That portion of the inferior thickened 
 edge of the tendon of the ObUqnus ex- 
 ternus abdominis muscle, stretching from 
 the anterior superior spinous process of 
 the ilium to the spine of the os pubis ; 
 the crural arch. 
 
 Ponrpre, poonpR. The French term 
 for Purpura, which see. 
 
 Powder. See Pulvis. 
 
 Powder of Faynard. See Fay- 
 naiid’s Powder. 
 
 Pox. The vulgar name for syphilis : 
 formerly called great pox , to distinguish 
 it from variola, or small-pox. 
 
 Prac'tiCC. [Gr. npaKrucrj ; from irpaacrcj, 
 to “do,” to “conduct business.”] A 
 general term for the extent of business, 
 as well as the performance of the duties, 
 of a medical practitioner, physician, 
 surgeon, or apothecary. 
 
 Pr*e. A Latin preposition signifying 
 “before,” or “beforehand.” 
 
 Pra?-cor di-a, o' rum* [From pne, 
 “before,” and cor, cor'dis , the “heart.”] 
 The fore part of the thoracic region. 
 
 Pra^tfloratio. See ^Estivation. 
 
 Prseputinm. See Prepuce. 
 
 Prscvia. Sec Placenta Praevia. 
 
 P. rat. vet. = Pro ratio'ne seta'tis* 
 “According to the age of the patient.” 
 
 Pre-cip'i-tant. [Prieeip'itans ; 
 from prfccip'ito , prsecipita’tum , to “ cast 
 down.”] Literally, “casting down,” or 
 “precipitating.” Applied to the sub- 
 stance by the addition of which a pre* 
 cipitato is formed. 
 
 Pre-cip'I-tate. [Praecipita'tum; 
 
PRE 
 
 PRE 
 
 from the same.] The substance which 
 sinks to the bottom in the process of 
 precipitation. 
 
 Precip'itate, Reel. The red oxide 
 of mercury. See Hydrargyri Oxidum 
 Rubrttm. 
 
 Precip'itate, White. A compound 
 formed by the union of ammonia with a 
 solution of chloride of mercury. 
 
 Pre-cip-i-ta'ti©ai. [Prsecipita'tio, 
 
 o 'nis ; from prsecip'ito, pr see ipita' turn, to 
 ‘‘cast down.’’] The process of precipi- 
 tating a substance held in solution by 
 the addition of another substance : thus, 
 when an acid and oxide are united in 
 solution, if an alkali be added having a 
 greater affinity for the acid, it will com- 
 bine with it, and the oxide will be pre- 
 cipitated. The oxide is named the pre- 
 cipitate, the alkali the precipitant. 
 
 Precocity, Genital. See Prceotia. 
 
 Pre-cur sor. [Prtecnr'sor ; from 
 prse, “ before,” and cur’ro, cur' sum, to 
 “run.”] Literally, a “forerunner.” 
 Applied to symptoms which precede, or 
 indicate the approach of, a disease. 
 
 Pre-clis-po'sing*. [Prsedisp©'- 
 nens ; from prse , “ before,” or “ before- 
 hand,” and dispo'no, dispos'itum, to 
 “dispose.”] Applied to the peculiar con 
 dition or habit of body, temperament, or 
 structure of a part, which renders a per- 
 son susceptible of disease; and this pecu- 
 liar condition, structure, etc. is said to be 
 the predisposing cause of the disease. 
 
 Pre-clis-po-si'tiom. [Praedispo- 
 si'tio, o 'nis; from the same.] Any 
 state of the system which disposes to the 
 action of disease. 
 
 Pre-fl©-ra/tfs©ti. [Praellora'tao, 
 
 o'nis; from prseflo'reo, to “ blossom be- 
 fore the time.”] The same as TEstiva- 
 tion, which see. 
 
 Pre-fo-lS-a'tiom. [Prsefolia'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from prse, “before,” and fo'lium , 
 a “leaf.”] The manner in which the 
 leaves are disposed in the bud before 
 evolution. The same as Vernation. 
 
 Pre-fa’© 21 'tal. [Pra'fa’©nta'Sis ; 
 from prse, “before,” and/>o?ifa7<? os, the 
 “frontal bone.”] Applied by Owen to 
 the middle part of the ethmoid bone. 
 
 Preg'dam-ey. [Prse§'aiaai't5a; 
 from prsey' nans, literally, “ previous to 
 bringing forth.”] (Fr. Grossesse, gRo'- 
 sess'.) The state of being with young or 
 with child. See Gravidity. 
 
 Pregnancy, Morbid. See Para- 
 
 CYESIS. 
 
 Pregnant. [Prseg'nans. See 
 
 Pregnancy.] With young or with child. 
 
 38 
 
 Pre-hen 'sale. [Prehensi'lis ; from 
 prehen' do, prehen' sum, to “take,” to “lay 
 hold on.”] Capable of laying hold on a 
 thing ; adapted to the act of grasping. 
 
 Pre-hen'si©n. [Prehen'sl©, o'nis; 
 from the same.] The act of grasping or 
 taking hold; a seizure. 
 
 Pre-nia-taire' La bor. That which 
 takes place during the last three months 
 of the natural term, but before its com- 
 pletion. 
 
 Pre-max'il-la-ry. [Prse-anaxil- 
 
 la'ras; from prse, “before,” and maxil- 
 la' re os, the “maxillary bone.”] Ap- 
 plied by Owen to the front part of the 
 superior maxilla. 
 
 Premifcres Voies, preh-me-en' vwA 
 The French term for Prim a: Vi^e, which 
 see. 
 
 Pre-nio'lar. [From prse, “ before,” 
 and mala' r is, “molar.”] A term applied 
 to the first two pairs of molar teeth in 
 each jaw; also called bicuspids. 
 
 Pre-morse'. [Pramor sus; from 
 prsemor'den, prsemor' sum, to “ bite off.”] 
 Ending abruptly, as if bitten off. Ap- 
 plied to parts of plants. 
 
 Pre-©-per'cu-lar. [Prseopercu- 
 la'ris; from prse, ‘’before,” and opercu- 
 la'ris , “opercular.”] Applied by Owen 
 to the first or proximal segment of the 
 radiated appendage of the tympano- 
 mandibular arch in fishes. 
 
 Pre puce. [Prsepu'tium ; from 
 prse, “before,” and noaOrj, the “virile 
 member.”] The membranous or cuta- 
 neous fold which covers the ylans penis; 
 also, a similar covering for the ylans 
 clitoridis : the foreskin. 
 
 Pres-by-©'pi-a. i: [From npeoBrg, an 
 “old man,” and <?\p, the “eye.”] The 
 opposite of near-sightedness. A defect 
 of vision, common to persons advanced 
 in years, by which objects are seen im- 
 perfectly when near, but clearly when a 
 little removed. 
 
 Pre-scrip'tion. [Prsescrip'ti©, 
 
 o'nis ; from prsescri'ho, prseserip'ium, to 
 “write before,” to “order,” to “pre- 
 scribe.”] A formula, or writing of medi- 
 cines to be exhibited ; a recipe. 
 
 Pres-en-ta tion. [Preseii ta'ti©, 
 o'nis ; from prsesen'to , prsesenta'tum, to 
 “present.”] The particular position of 
 the child in the passages at birth, as 
 arm-presentation, foot-presentation, etc. 
 
 Pre-spflie'M©ic5. [Prsespftenoi'cf es ; 
 from prse , “before,” and sphenoi'des os, 
 the “sphenoid bone.”] Applied by Owen 
 to the anterior part of the base of the 
 sphenoid bone. 
 
 441 
 
PRE 
 
 PRI 
 
 Preternatural (om^ustion. See 
 
 Spontaneous Combustion. 
 
 Pre-tym-pan'ic. [Prsetympan'- 
 
 icus; from prse, “before,” and tympan'- 
 icus, “ tympanic.”] Applied by Owen 
 to the anterior subdivision of the tym- 
 panic pedicle which supports the mandi- 
 ble in fishes. 
 
 Pri'a-pisin. [Priapis'mus ; from 
 Trp'iarro;, the “ virile member.”] Continual 
 (morbid) erection of the penis. 
 
 Prickle. See Aculeus. 
 
 Prickly. See Aculeate. 
 
 Pri'mse Vi'se.® (Fr. Premieres voies, 
 preh-me-eit' vw&.) “First or Primary 
 Passages.” The stomach and intestines: 
 so named in reference to their importance. 
 
 Pri-ma'Ii-a.* [From p ri'mus, “first:” 
 because it includes those growths which 
 are the first, or lowest, in the scale 
 of creation.] A term recently applied 
 to a proposed division or kingdom of 
 organized bodies, including those of 
 which “the structure is exclusively cellu- 
 lar without vascularity,” and which 
 possess simply the power or function of 
 reproduction, without any organs appro- 
 priated to respiration or circulation. 
 
 This kingdom is intended to include 
 the following sub-kingdoms. 1. Alyse 
 (Sea-weeds). 2. Lichenes (Lichens). 3. 
 Fungi. 4. Spongise (Sponges). 5. Con- 
 jugcita (Infusoria). 
 
 In accordance with this view, all or- 
 ganized bodies may be distributed into 
 three kingdoms, namely: — 
 
 1. Primalia, possessing simply the 
 power of reproduction by cell-develop- 
 ment. 
 
 2. Vegetabilia (“ Vegetables”), in which 
 to the function of reproduction are added 
 those of respiration and circulation. 
 
 3. Animalia (“Animals”), possessing, in 
 addition to the functions of reproduction, 
 respiration, and circulation, the power 
 of voluntary motion and perception or 
 sensation. (An interesting memoir on 
 this subject, by Messrs. Wilson and Cas- 
 sin, may be found in the Proceedings of 
 the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
 Philadelphia, May, 1863.) 
 
 Pri'ma-rfes. The ten elastic quills 
 attached to the hand or third portion of 
 the wing of birds. 
 
 Pri'ina-ry. [Prinia'rins; from 
 pri'mus , “first.”] Primitive; original; 
 principal. Primary planets are those 
 planets that revolve around the sun as 
 their centre, in contradistinction to the 
 satellites, or secondary planets. 
 
 Pri'mary Rocks are the igneous or 
 
 442 
 
 crystalline rocks, as granite and the 
 metamorphic strata, which contain no 
 organic remains. 
 
 Pri'mary Col'ors are those which 
 by their union constitute white light. 
 Newton supposed them to be seven : red, 
 orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and 
 violet. According to Brewster, there 
 are but three, red, blue, and yellow, 
 which by their various combinations 
 produce all the others. 
 
 Pri-ma'tes.* [From jma'jaas, “first.”] 
 Originally, the “chief persons or indi- 
 viduals” of a city or kingdom. Applied 
 by Linnaeus to the first order of animals 
 in his system, including man and the 
 monkey. 
 
 Pri-mi-g > e'ni-ous. [Primig'emis ; 
 
 from pri'mus, “first,” and ye 1 no, to “be- 
 get.”] First-born ; primitive. 
 
 Pri'mSne. [Prlmi'na : from pri' - 
 mus, “first.”] The exterior of the two 
 membranes which envelop the ovule of 
 plants. 
 
 Pri-inip'a-ra.* [From pri'mus, 
 “first,” and pa'rio, to “bring forth.”] 
 A woman who has brought forth her 
 first child. 
 
 Pri-mip'a-rus.* [From the same.] 
 Belonging to a first birth: primip'arous. 
 
 Priniitise (pri-mish'e-e), a 'rum* 
 [From pri'mus, “first.”] The waters 
 which usually escape before the birth of 
 the child. 
 
 Prim'i-tlve Earths. These are 
 nine: Baryta, Strontia , Lime , Magnesia, 
 Alumina or Clay, Silica, Glucina , Zir- 
 conia, Yttria ; to which a tenth, Fiorina, 
 has lately been added. 
 
 Primitive Rocks. The same as 
 Primary Rocks, which see. 
 
 Pri-mor'<li*al. [Primordia'lis. 
 See Primordium.] First in order; origi- 
 nal. Applied to the first leaves which 
 are produced after the seminal leaves. 
 
 Pri-nior'di-nm.* [From pri'mus, 
 “first,” and or'dium, a “beginning.”] 
 Literally, “ first beginning or origin.” 
 Applied to the germ of the future bird in 
 the egg, or to any germ. 
 
 Primnlaceay* prim-u-la'shc-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, common in the northern and 
 colder parts of the world, and remark- 
 able for their beauty. It comprises the 
 Cowslip ( Prim'ula ve'ris). Primrose 
 ( Prim' ula Auric' ula), and Cyc'lamen, a 
 drastic purgative. 
 
 Prince's Jlet'al, or Prince Rn'- 
 pert's Jlet /al. An alloy of copper and 
 zinc. 
 
PRI 
 
 PRO 
 
 Pri'nos.* Black Alder. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the bark 
 of the Pri'nos verticilla' tu8. 
 
 Pri&m. [Pris'ma, fit is ; from n pi^co, 
 to “cut with a saw/’] A solid figure 
 contained by several planes, of which 
 the two ends are equal, similar, and 
 parallel, and all the sides parallelo- 
 grams. Prisms take particular names 
 from the figures of their ends, or oppo- 
 site, equal, and parallel sides, which 
 may be triairgles, squares, pentagons, 
 hexagons, etc. : thus, we have triangular 
 prisms, square prisms, and so on. In 
 Dioptrics, a prism is a piece of glass, or 
 other diaphanous substance, in the form 
 of a triangular prism, employed to sepa- 
 rate a ray of light into its constituent 
 parts or colors by refraction. 
 
 Pris-mat/ic. [Prismat'icus.] Be- 
 longing to a prism. 
 
 Prismat ic Spec trum. [Sj»ec'- 
 tram PrisBiiat'icum.] See Spectrum. 
 
 Pris'ma- toid. [Prismatoi'des ; 
 from pris'ma, a “ prism/' and eido;, a 
 “ form.”] Resembling a prism. 
 
 Privities. See Nat ur alia. 
 
 P. r. n. = Pro re na'td .* “According 
 as circumstances may require.” Sec Pro 
 re Nata. 
 
 Pro. [Gr.npo, “before,” “forwards,” 
 “forth.”] A Latin preposition signifying 
 “before,” “for,” “forth,” “forwards,” 
 “according to,” or “on account of.” 
 
 Pro re na'ta.* (“According to the 
 circumstances [i.e. symptoms, etc.] aris- 
 ing” or occurring.) A Latin phrase often 
 added to prescriptions, to signify that the 
 dose or application is to be repeated or 
 discontinued as occasion may require. 
 
 Pro'bang. [Supposed to be from 
 pro' bo, to “prove,” or “try.”] A slen- 
 der piece of whalebone with a portion 
 of ivory or sponge at its extremity, for 
 pushing down into the stomach bodies 
 which may have lodged in the oesophagus. 
 
 Probe. [From pro' bo, to “prove,” or 
 “try.”] (Lat.Specirium, and Sty'lus; 
 Fr. Stylet, ste'IiP.) An instrument for try- 
 ing the depth and extent of wounds, etc. 
 
 Prob'lem. [Proble'ma, at is; from 
 irpo6a\\io, to “lay before.”] A difficulty 
 or proposition to be discussed ; a ques- 
 tion proposed for solution. 
 
 Pro-bos-^ M'i-ans. [Proboscidia'- 
 na; from probos'cis .] The name of a 
 family of pachydermatous mammals hav- 
 ing a proboscis, including the elephant. 
 
 Pro-bos-^i-dif 'er-us.* [From pro- 
 bos'cis, and fe’ro, to “bear.”] Bearing 
 or having a proboscis: proboscidiferous. 
 
 Pro-bos'^is, id is.* [From irpo, “be- 
 fore,” and (Sookus, to “ feed.”] The pre- 
 hensile organ formed by a prolongation 
 of the nose, of which a trunk of an ele- 
 phant is an example. Also, the fleshy or 
 membranous organ constituting a sort 
 of sucker in certain of the Sac tori a, etc. 
 
 Process. [Proces'stis; from pro- 
 ce'do, proces' sum, to “ proceed,” to “ go 
 forth.”] (Fr. Proces, pRo's&'.) A project- 
 ing point or eminence of a bone ; also, 
 similar objects in the soft parts : a pro- 
 tuberance ; any projection from a surface. 
 See Protuberance. 
 
 Process. [From the same.] (Fr. 
 Precede, pRo's&'di'.) The method of pro- 
 ceeding in a chemical or other operation. 
 
 Pro-ces'sus a Wr-e-bel'lo ad Tes'- 
 tes.* The name of two cords which 
 pass from the cerebellum to the nates 
 and testes of the brain. They are the 
 superior peduncles. 
 
 Pro-clftei'lum 9 * or Pro-< hei'Ion.** 
 
 [From irpo, “before,” and xei\o$, a “lip.”] 
 The same as Prolabium, which see. 
 
 Procidentia,* pros-e-den'she a. 
 [From pi'oq'ido, to “fall forward,” to “ fall 
 down.”] The falling down of some organ 
 or part, as the anus, eye, uterus, etc. See 
 Prolapsus. 
 
 Prociden'tia U'te-ri.* A “falling 
 down of the womb,” which descends into 
 the vagina, owing to the relaxation of 
 its connections ; when it protrudes 
 through the external parts, the displace- 
 ment is termed Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 Pro-cliv'i-ty. [Procliv'itas, a ’(is; 
 from pro, “forwards,” and cli'vus , “ slop- 
 ing,” or “inclining.”] Inclination, or 
 disposition ; tendency ; propensity. 
 
 Pro-^oe'li-us.* [From irpo, “before,” 
 and Koi\ia, the “belly.”] Having a 
 swollen or prominent belly. 
 
 Proe'ta-gra.* [From irpcoKTog, the 
 “anus,” and uypa, a “seizure.”] Pain 
 of the anus or rectum. 
 
 Proc-tal'gi-a.* [From irpuKTos, the 
 “anus,” and ixXyog, “pain.”] Nervous 
 pain of the anus or rectum : proctalgy. 
 
 Proc-ta-tre'sl-a.* [From tpcjktos, 
 the “anus,” and atre’sia, “imperfora- 
 tion.”] Imperforation of the anus. 
 
 Proc'ti-ca.* [From irpcoKrot;, the 
 “anus.”] A generic term applied by 
 Dr. Good to diseases of the anus and 
 rectum. 
 
 Proc-tit'i-cws. ; * Belonging to proc- 
 titis. 
 
 Proc-ti'tis, id is [From irpioKroq, 
 the “ anus.”] Inflammation of the anus, 
 or of the rectum. 
 
 443 
 
PRO 
 
 PRO 
 
 Proc'to-^ele.* [From ttpcokto;, the 
 “anus,” and Kr/Xn, a “tumor.”] Hernia, 
 or prolapsus, of the anus. 
 
 Proc-to-^ys-to-to'nii-a.* [From 
 npioKTOi, the “ anus,” and cystoto’mia, a 
 “ cutting into the bladder.”] Proctocys- 
 tot'omy. The recto-vesical section for 
 calculus. 
 
 Proc-to-dyn'i-a.* [From -^pcoKrog, 
 the “anus,” and dovvt 7, “pain.”] Spas- 
 modic pain of the anus or rectum. 
 
 Proc-top-to'una, atis* [From 7r pwx- 
 rbg, the “anus,” and irrwya, a “fall.”] A 
 fall, or prolapse, of the anus. 
 
 Proc-top-to'sis.* The progress or 
 formation of proctoptoma. 
 
 Proc-tot'o-my. [Proctoto'mia ; 
 from TcpwKTog, the “ anus,” and TCyvo, to 
 “cut.”] The cutting of the anus or 
 rectum, as in imperforate anus ; the 
 operation for fistula in ano, etc. 
 
 Pro-cum beait. [Procwm'bens ; 
 from procum'bo , to “lie down flat,” to 
 “lenn upon.”] Lying on the ground; 
 trailing. Applied to plants. 
 
 Prodrome. [Prod'roinus; from 
 irpodpoyo;, “running before.”] A fore- 
 runner. Applied to some affections 
 which indicate the supervention of an- 
 other disease, as vertigo is sometimes 
 said to be a prodrome or precursor of 
 apoplexy. 
 
 Pro-e-gu'me-nal, or Pro-e-gu'me> 
 
 nous. [Proegn'inenus ; from Trpurj- 
 yiopai , to “lead the way.”] That which 
 precedes : predisposing. 
 
 Proe-o'ti-a,* or pre-o'she-a. [From 
 im at, “ early,” “ prematurely.”] A gene- 
 ric term applied by Dr. Good to the dif- 
 ferent forms of sexual (or genital) pre- 
 cocity. 
 
 Pro-flu 'vi-a.* [Plural of proflu 9 mum, 
 a “flux.”] Fluxes with fever; an order 
 of the class Pyrexiie of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. 
 
 Pro-found'. [ Profun 'dus ; from 
 
 pro'cul a fun' do, “far from the bottom.”] 
 Deep. Applied to vessels, nerves, mus- 
 cles, etc., from their relative situation as 
 to others. 
 
 Profusio,* pro-fu'zhe-o. [From pro , 
 “forth,” and fun' do, fu' sum, to “pour.”] 
 A loss of blood. A genus of tho order 
 A pore noses, or increased secretions, of 
 Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Prog-na'tlioiis. [From vpo, “forth,” 
 or “forward,” and ymOo;, a “jaw.”] A 
 term applied to a head or cranium in 
 which the jaw projects much farther 
 forward than the forehead. 
 
 Prog*- no 'win.* [From “before,” 
 444 
 
 and yiyvuoKOi, to “know.”] The know- 
 ledge of a disease, drawn from a con- 
 sideration of its signs and symptoms. 
 
 Prog-nos' tic. [From the same.] 
 Applied to the symptoms from a con- 
 sideration of which a prognosis of any 
 particular disease is formed. 
 
 Pro-la'bl-um.* [From pro, “be- 
 fore,” and la'bium, a “lip.”] The ex- 
 treme prominent part of the lip. Also 
 termed Procheilum. 
 
 Pro-lap 'sus.* [From ‘prola'bor, pro- 
 lap' sus, to “slip or fall forth,” to “fall 
 down.”] (Fr. Chute, shut.) A protrusion, 
 as well as falling down, of a part of some 
 viscus, so as to be partly external or un- 
 covered. Applied to the anus, uterus, 
 etc. A genus of the order Ectopiao, class 
 Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Prolap'sus A'ni,* or Prolap'suH 
 Rec'ti.* (“ Prolapse of the Anus or of 
 the Rectum.”) A falling down of tho 
 extremity of the rectum, occurring at any 
 period of life. 
 
 Prolap sus Ir'i-«Ms* [from i'ris], A 
 prolapse or protrusion of the iris through 
 a wound of the cornea. 
 
 Prolajp'siis IJ'te-ri.* (“ Prolapse of 
 the Uterus.”) Protrusion of the womb 
 beyond or at the vulva. 
 
 Prolate $B>heroid. See Spheroid. 
 
 Pro-lif-er-a'lion. [Proflifi'era'fi© ; 
 see Proliferous.] Literally, the de- 
 velopment of new branches, flowers, etc., 
 from .the older ones : mere especially 
 applied to the appearanco of buds or 
 flowers on a part of a plant which docs 
 not usually produce them. Applied in 
 a similar manner to both normal and mor- 
 bid growths, etc., in the animal economy. 
 
 Pro-lif 'er-ous. [From pro'les, “ off- 
 spring,” and fc'ro, to “bear,” or “pro- 
 duce.”] Producing buds, branches, and 
 flowers from older ones, or from unusual 
 places. See Proliferation. 
 
 Pr©-mc' tlie-an. [From Promc'thcns, 
 who is fabled to have stolen fire from 
 heaven in a hollow reed (or tube).] A 
 small glass tube or bulb filled with con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid, and surrounded 
 with an inflammable mixture, which it 
 ignites on being pressed, affording an 
 instantaneous light. 
 
 Proin'I-iirnce. [ Prom moca' tin ; 
 from promin'eo, to “jut out,” to “stand 
 out.”] The state of being prominent. 
 Also, a projection, protuberance, or emi- 
 nence. 
 
 Proiii'oBi-to-ry. [Promonto'ri- 
 
 boqdb ; from pro, “ forwards,” and mans, a 
 “mountain.”] A point of high land 
 
PRO 
 
 PRO 
 
 extending into the sea; a headland. 
 Applied to a small projection at the 
 inner wall of the cavity of the tympa- 
 num. 
 
 Prom ontory of tlie Sa crum. 
 [Proiiionto'rimn Os'sisSa'crl.] Ap- 
 plied to the superior or projecting por- 
 tion of the sacrum when in situ in the 
 pelvis. 
 
 Pro-na/tion. [Prona'tio, o 'nis; 
 from pro’nus, “having the face down- 
 ward/’ “prone.”] The act of turning 
 the palm of the hand downwards. 
 
 Pro-iaa'tor, o'ris* [From the same.] 
 Applied to certain muscles used in the 
 act of pronation. 
 
 Proiaa'tor Qmwl-ra'tus. * (“ Square 
 Pronator [Muscle].”) A muscle arising 
 from the edge of the ulna, and inserted 
 into the edge of the radius. This mus- 
 cle and the pronator teres turn the radius 
 and the hand inwards. 
 
 Proiaa'tor Te'res.* (“Round Pro- 
 nator [Muscle].”) A muscle arising 
 from the inner condyle of the humerus 
 and the coronoid process of the ulna, 
 and inserted into the middle of the 
 radius. 
 
 Proof Spirit. See Spiritus Tenu- 
 
 IOR. 
 
 Prop. See Fulcrum. 
 
 Pro-pa'g-o, g/ inis. * A Latin word 
 signifying a cutting, shoot, or stock of a 
 vine or other plant, by setting which in 
 the soil, new vines, etc. are produced. In 
 Anatomy, the smaller branches of vessels 
 and nerves have been called propag'incs. 
 
 PropSi-y-lac'tic. [Prophylac'ti- 
 cus: from tt po, “before,” or “before- 
 hand,” and 0’Xao-o-a), to “guard.”] Be- 
 longing to prophylaxis. Applied to any 
 means used for the preservation of health 
 or prevention of disease. 
 
 Propls-y-lax'is.* [Gr. Trpo'pv\a%t s ; 
 from the same.] Literally, “caution,” 
 or “providence.” The art of guarding 
 against disease ; the observation of the 
 rules necessary to the preservation of 
 health or prevention of disease. 
 
 Pvop'o-lis.* [From rr po, “before,” 
 and roXif, a “city.”] Literally, a “sub- 
 urb or outwork of a city.” Bee-bread; 
 a resinous substance collected by bees 
 from the buds of trees, and used by them 
 to line the cells of a new comb, or to 
 stop crevices, and thus to defend their 
 dwelling against the cold or other ene- 
 mies. 
 
 Pro-por'tions, l>ef 'i-nate. A term 
 applied to the proportions in which 
 chemical substances which have a strong 
 38 * 
 
 attraction for each other mutually com- 
 bine: thus, if sulphuric acid be saturated 
 with cau.-tic potash, it will be found that 
 they always combine in the proporti< n 
 of forty of the acid to forty-eight of the 
 alkali. See Equivalents. 
 
 Pro Re N T ata. See Pro, etc. 
 
 Pros (7 rpog). A Greek preposition, 
 usually signifying, when combined with 
 other words, “to,” or “in addition to.” 
 
 Pro-sec'tor, o'ris.* [From pio, 
 “for,” and se'co, sec’ turn, to “cut.”] Pro- 
 perly, one who cuts or dissects for another : 
 one who prepares the subject for the ltc- 
 tuier on anatomy. 
 
 Pros-en kliy-ma.* [From irpog, “in 
 addition to,” and en'ehyma , “that which 
 is poured or deposited within.” See Pa- 
 renchyma.] A name applied to certain 
 vegetable tissues. 
 
 Pros-o-pal'gl-a.* [From irpcaamor, 
 the “face,” or “countenance,” and «Xyoj, 
 “pain.”] Pain in the face, or neuralgia 
 of the face. 
 
 Pro-so'po-lo'gi-a.* [From rfooemor, 
 the “face,” and X6>oj, a “discourse.”] 
 A dissertation on the countenance; the 
 science of physiognomy: prosopol'ogy. 
 
 Pr o-so ' p o - 111 a 11- 1 i ' a.* [From -npCaei- 
 7 rou, the “face,” and pavreia, “prophesy- 
 ing.”] Prognosis from examination of 
 the countenance. 
 
 Pro-so'po-neu-ral'gi-a.* [From 
 
 Tpuaumor, the “face,” and neural' giaJ\ 
 Neuralgia, or pain in the nerves of the 
 face. 
 
 Prns-fa-tal'gl-a.* [From pros' tata 
 glan'dula, the “prostate gland,” and 
 aXyoj, “ pain.”] Pain in the prostate 
 gland. 
 
 Pros-ta-taux'e.* [From pros’ tata 
 glan'dula, the “prostate gland,” and 
 avfy 7, “increase.”] Enlargement of the 
 prostate gland. 
 
 Prostate. [Pros tatas ; from -npo, 
 “before,” and "arript, to “stand.”] Ap- 
 plied to the large heart-shaped gland 
 below the neck of the urinary bladder, 
 and behind the bulb of the urethra. 
 
 Pros-tat'ic. [Prostat'icus.] Be- 
 longing to the prostate gland. 
 
 Pros-ta-ti'tis, i dis.% Inflammation 
 in the prostate gland. 
 
 Pros'tfiie-sis.* [From irpog, “to,” or 
 “in addition to,” and riOr/pu, to “put,” or 
 “place.”] In Surgery, the addition of 
 an artificial part to replace that which 
 has been lost or destroyed, as, for example, 
 an artificial eye. See Rhinoplastic. 
 
 Pros'trate. [Prostra'tws ; see 
 Prostration.] Lying at length ; abject; 
 
 445 
 
PRO 
 
 PRU 
 
 lying flat on the ground. Applied to 
 certain plants. 
 
 Pros-tra'tion. [Prostra'tio, o'nis ; 
 
 from proster' no f p rostra' turn, to “cast or 
 beat down,” to “lay flat.”] Extreme 
 feebleness, or exhaustion, the effect of 
 disease ; dejection. 
 
 Pro'te-an. [From Pro'teus, a Gre- 
 cian deity who possessed the power of 
 changing himself into the most diverse 
 and opposite appearances.] Assuming 
 many different forms. 
 
 Pro'te-i-forin. [Proteifor'mis; 
 from the same.] Changing its form. 
 
 Pro'te-in, or Pro'te-me. [Protei'- 
 na; from npcnrevct), to “be first.”] A 
 definite compound of oxygen, hydrogen, 
 carbon, and nitrogen, forming the basis 
 of the most important constituents of 
 animal fibrin, albumen, casein, gluten, 
 and legumen. 
 
 Pro-te-i-na'ceous Prin'ci-ples. A 
 
 term applied to albuminous alimentary 
 principles, from their yielding protein. 
 Their composition is identical with that 
 of the constituents of blood. 
 
 Prot-e-ran'tlious. [From itporzpog, 
 “earlier,” and a; 0 o;, a “ flower.”] Applied 
 to plants of which the flowers are pro- 
 duced earlier than the leaves. 
 
 Pro-tlio'rax, a'cfo.* [From 7 rpo, 
 “before/" and 0 3pa£, the “chest.”] The 
 anterior segment of the thorax in insects. 
 
 Pro'lo-. [From nptiro;, “first.”] A 
 prefix denoting the first degree of com- 
 bination. See Protoxide. 
 
 Pro'to-Fom'pound. A binary com- 
 pound of single equivalents of salt- 
 radical and basyl. 
 
 Pro-to-phyl'luin.* [From npuTog, 
 “ first,” and <pv\\ov , a “leaf.”] A seminal 
 leaf: a pro'tophyl. 
 
 Pro'to-pbyte. [Protoph'ytum ? 
 
 from npoiro;, “ first,” and (pv to>, a “plant.”] 
 Applied to the Ahjae, Lichens, etc., re- 
 garded as the first productions of the 
 vegetable kingdom. See Primalia. 
 
 Pro-top 'la-sis.* [From7rpc5ro;,“ first,” 
 and nXioig, a “moulding.”] The primary 
 formation of a thing. 
 
 Pro-to-plas'ma, a ti%& [From npui- 
 to i, “first,” and irXinraw, to “form.”] The 
 nitrogenous substance from which the 
 cell-nucleus is formed. 
 
 Pro'to-plast. [ Protoplas'ta; from 
 the same.] A primary formation. 
 
 Pro-tox'I-clat-ed. [Protoxyda'- 
 t ns. 1 Converted into a protoxide. 
 
 Pro-tox'Ide. [Protox'ydum : from 
 pro' to- , and ox'ydum, an “ oxide.”] When 
 there are several different oxides of the 
 446 
 
 same substance, the protoxide is that 
 which is the first in the scale, or which 
 has the smallest quantity of oxygen. 
 
 Protruding. See Exserted. 
 
 Pro-tu 'foe- ranee. [Protufoeran'- 
 tia; from pro, “forth,” and tu'ber, a 
 “ swelling.”] A swelling ; an apophysis ; 
 a process. 
 
 Proud Flesh. A popular term for 
 Fungus; commonly applied to any re- 
 dundant growth of healthy granulation. 
 
 Prox'I-mad. The same as Proxi- 
 mal, used adverbially. 
 
 Prox'i-mal. [From prox'imus, the 
 “nearest.”] Applied by Dr. Barclay as 
 meaning towards the end nearest the 
 trunk, when treating of the aspects of 
 the four extremities. 
 
 Prox'i-mate [from prox'imus, “next,” 
 or “nearest”] Cause. Literally, the 
 “cause which is next” to the disease 
 itself. That which occurs immediately 
 after the exciting cause of any disease, 
 being that particular condition of the 
 system (or of an organ) in which the dis- 
 ease consists. 
 
 Prox imate Prin'ci-ples. Distinct 
 compounds which exist ready formed in 
 animals and vegetables, such as albu- 
 men, gelatine, etc., in the former, and 
 sugar, gum, starch, etc., in the latter. 
 
 Prox. luc. = Prox'itnd In' cer * “ The 
 day before.” 
 
 Pru-i'nsu* [From irpwiivdg, “belong- 
 ing to the morning.”] Hoar-frost. Also, 
 “bloom,” or the flour-like substance ob- 
 served on ripe fruit, especially plums. 
 
 Pru'i-nate, Pru'i-nose. [Prui- 
 
 na'tus, or Pruino'sus.] Appearing 
 as if frosted over, or covered with flour, 
 like certain fruits. 
 
 Prune. [Prn'nnm.] The dried fruit 
 of the Prunus domestica. See Prunum. 
 
 Pro 111-form. [Prunifor mis : from 
 pru'num , a “plum.”] Having the ap- 
 pearance of a plum ; plum-shaped. 
 
 Pro nin. [Proni na: from pni'mis 
 cer'asus, the “cherry-tree.”] The same 
 as Cerasin. See Tragacanthin. 
 
 Pru'num.* [From Pru'nus, a “plum- 
 tree.”] A plum, or prune. The Phar- 
 inacopoeial name || of the prepared fruit 
 of the Prunus domestica. It is nutritious 
 and laxative. 
 
 Pru'iiuni Gal'li-cum.* (“French 
 Plum.”) Another name for the prune. 
 Seo Prunitm. 
 
 Pru'nus.* [From t povvr), the “plum- 
 tree.”] A Linnacan genus of the class 
 Icosandria , natural order IJnipaceiv. 
 
 Pru'nus I>o-ines'tI-ca.* (“ Do* 
 
PRU 
 
 PSE 
 
 mestic Plum/’) The plum, or damson- 
 tree, the dried fruit of which constitutes 
 the prune. 
 
 Pru'sius L.aii'ro-€er'a-sus.* The 
 
 chferry-tree laurel, or poison-laurel. It is 
 a nervous sedative, and is used for the 
 same purposes as Prussic Acid. 
 
 Prii'nus Vir-gin-I-a'iia.* Wild- 
 cherry Bark. The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the bark of Cer'asus 
 Serot'ina (of Decandolle). This valua- 
 ble remedy combines the virtues of a 
 tonic, with the property of allaying irri- 
 tation and nervous excitability, it has 
 been given with excellent effect in in- 
 cipient phthisis and scrofulous affections 
 accompanied with hectic fever. 
 
 Prn-ri'go, g'inis.% [From pru'rio, 
 to “itch.”] A papular eruption affecting 
 the whole surface of the skin, or confined 
 to some particular part or organ, ac- 
 companied with a sense of constant itch- 
 ing. Also termed Pruritus. 
 
 Pru-ri'tus.* [From the same.] An 
 intense degree of itching. Also, the same 
 as Prurigo, which see. 
 
 Prussian Blue. A well-known 
 pigment of a rich blue color : so called 
 because it was discovered by Diesbach, 
 a Prussian chemist. It has generally 
 been considered as a ferrocyanate of the 
 peroxide of iron ; but, according to Ber- 
 zelius, it is a double cyanuret, — that is, 
 a ferrocyanuret of the sesquicyanuret of 
 iron. 
 
 Prussiate, prush'e-at. [Prus'sias, 
 si'tis.] A combination of prussic acid 
 with a base. 
 
 Prussiate of Pot'asb. Another 
 name for ferrocyanide or ferrocyanuret 
 of potassium, a substance occurring in 
 the form of yellow crystals. It is much 
 used as a test of the presence of metals, 
 and especially of iron, the peroxide of 
 which it throws down from its solutions 
 in the state of Prussian blue. See Po- 
 tassii Ferrocyanidum. 
 
 Prus'sic A^'id. [A^'idum Pros'- 
 sicom.] A common name applied to 
 hydrocyanic acid, because it was formerly 
 supposed to be an ingredient in Prussian 
 blue. This acid is a nervous sedative, 
 and the most deadly poison known, a 
 single drop being sufficient in some cases 
 to destroy life; yet minute doses of the 
 dilute acid are sometimes administered 
 with advantage in pulmonary affections. 
 
 Prus'sin. [Prussi'ua; from Prus- 
 sian blue.] Another name for cyanogen. 
 
 Psa'lis, i dis* [Gr. ipa\!g, an “arch,” 
 or “ vault.”] Also termed Cor pus Psa- 
 
 loi'des* (“arch-like body”), and For'- 
 liix C’er'ebri* (“vault of the brain”). 
 See Fornix. 
 
 (^^In all words beginning withes, 
 the p is silent.) 
 
 Psal-lo-i'des.* [From i//aXX<o, to 
 “ play on a stringed instrument,” and eiSog, 
 a “ form.”] Resembling a psalter, harp, 
 or cithara : psalloid. 
 
 Psa-lo-i'des.* [From i//aA<j, an 
 “arch,” or “vault,” and eUog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling an arch : psa'loid. See Psa- 
 LIS. 
 
 Psalteriuni. See Lyra. 
 
 Psam-mo'de&.* [From ipa^og, 
 “sand.”] Sandy, or full of sand. See 
 Sabulous. 
 
 Psel-lis'mus.* [From ipcXX'^o), to 
 “stammer.”] Hesitation of speech; 
 stammering; bad utterance. A genus 
 of the order Dyscinesise, class Locales , 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Pseii-«lses-tlie'si-a,* or Pseu-das- 
 tlie'sis.* [From \pev6rjg, “false,” and 
 aiadiwofxat , to “feel.”] (Fr. Pseudesthesie, 
 suh'des't&'z&'.) False or imaginary feel- 
 ing or sensation ; imaginary sense of 
 touch in organs that have been long 
 removed, as often experienced by those 
 who have suffered the amputation of 
 some limb. 
 
 Pseiwla'i>he, ii: or Pseii-«Ia'pliI-a.* 
 
 [From ipe (5%, “ false,” and d^rj, the “ sense 
 of touch.”] The same as Pseud^estke- 
 sia, which see. 
 
 Pseu-dar-thro'sis.* [From ipevirjg, 
 “false,” and arth) o' sis, “articulation.”] 
 The formation of a false joint. 
 
 Pseu-do-blep'sl-a,* or Pseii-do- 
 blep'sis.* [From “false,” and 
 
 /3\ty;g, a “beholding.”] Depraved sight, 
 in which objects are imagined, or seen 
 different from what they are ; false vision. 
 A genus of the order Dyssesthesise, class 
 Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Pseu-do-cy-e'sis.* [From xpevdfjg, 
 “false,” and Kvnoig, “pregnancy.”] A 
 mole, or false conception. 
 
 Pseu-do-iiaeBii brane. [Pseudo- 
 membra Ha: from Wevdris, “ false,” and 
 membra' na, a “membrane.”] A false 
 membrane. An organized layer of effused 
 lymph, the effect of inflammation ; like 
 the membrane which is formed in croup. 
 
 Pseu 'do-scope. [From \pt<M c, 
 “false,” and o-Kwraa, to “observe,” or 
 “see.”] An instrument invented by 
 Mr. Wheatstone for producing the con- 
 version of the relief of any solid object 
 to which it is directed, thus conveying 
 to the mind a false perception of all ex> 
 447 
 
PSE 
 
 PSY 
 
 ternal objects by transposition of the 
 distances of the points which compose 
 them. The inside of a teacup, for ex- 
 ample, appears a solid convex body, and 
 a small globe looks like a concave hemi- 
 sphere. 
 
 Pseu'«lo-Vol-can'ic. Belonging to 
 or produced by a pseudo-volcano. 
 
 Pseu'do-Vol-ca'no. A volcano which 
 emits smoke or flame, but never lava. 
 Applied, also, to a burning coal-mine. 
 
 Pso-atl i-cus. ' 5 [From xpoa, the “ loin.”] 
 Belonging to the loins, or to the psose 
 muscles: psoad'ic. 
 
 PsO‘a-do-to'ma»a. ;!: [From pso'as, 
 
 and TcivHi), to “cut.”] A cutting into the 
 psoas muscles. 
 
 Pso'se.* [Plural of Pso'a ; Gr. ip6a.] 
 The loins. Also applied to two pairs of 
 muscles of the loins. 
 
 Pso'as, a do8% [From ipoa, the “ loin.”] 
 Of the loin or loins. Applied to two 
 muscles of each loin, the psoas magnus 
 and parvus. 
 
 Pso'as Ab'scess. (That is, abscess 
 of the loins.) See Lumbar Abscess. 
 
 Pso'as Magf'nus.*" (“Great [Mus- 
 cle] of the Loins.”) A muscle arising 
 from the last dorsal and the four supe- 
 rior lumbar vertebrm, and inserted into 
 the lesser trochanter of the os femoris. 
 It moves the thigh forward. 
 
 Pso'as Par'vus.* (“ Small [Muscle] 
 of the Loins.”) A muscle arising from 
 the last dorsal vertebra, and inserted 
 into the brim of the pelvis: it is very 
 often wanting. It bends the spine upon 
 the pelvis. 
 
 Pso-i'tis, idis.% [From pso'se.] In- 
 flammation of the sheath of the psoas 
 muscles. 
 
 Pso'ra.* [Gr.xp ijpa; Fr. Gale, gdl, or 
 Rogue, ron.] The itch. A genus of tho 
 order Dialyses , class Locales, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology ; also termed Scabies. 
 
 Pso-rel-co'ma, fit is * [From xpxpa, 
 the “itch,” and eXscopa, an “ulcer.”] A 
 scabious ulcer. 
 
 Pso-rel-co'sis.* The progress of 
 psorelcouia : scabious ulceration. 
 
 Pso-ri'a-sis,* or so-re-a'sis. [From 
 xpupa, the “itch.”] A cutaneous disease, 
 characterized by a rough, scaly cuticle, 
 continuous, or in separate, irregular 
 patches; generally with fissures of tho 
 skin. Often called scaly tetter. 
 
 Psori'asis HMf-fu'sa.* (“Diffused 
 Psoriasis.”) A variety of psoriasis, at- 
 tacking persons pursuing different trades, 
 and variously denominated baker’s, 
 bricklayer’s, grocer’s itch, etc. 
 
 448 
 
 Psori'asis Gut-ta'ta.* (“ Spotted 
 Psoriasis.”) Small, distinct, but irregu- 
 lar patches of laminated scales, with 
 little or no inflammation round them, 
 rarely exceeding a half an inch in diame- 
 ter, having neither the raised edges nor 
 oval or circular form of the other varie- 
 ties of lepra. 
 
 Psori'asis ^ry-ra'ta.* A species 
 distributed in narrow patches or stripes, 
 variously figured or gyrated. 
 
 Psori'asis Ifii-faife-ti'lis.* (“Infan- 
 tile Psoriasis.”) The dry tetter affecting 
 infants between two months and two 
 years of age ; irregular, scaly patches of 
 various size, on the cheeks, breast, back, 
 nates, and thighs. 
 
 Psori'asis In- vet-e-ra' ta.* (“In- 
 veterate Psoriasis.”) Characterized by 
 an almost universal scaliness, with a 
 harsh, dry, and thickened state of the 
 skin. 
 
 Pso'ric. [Lat. Pso'rieus; Fr. Ga~ 
 leux, ga'luh'.) Belonging to p>sora , or 
 itch. 
 
 Pso-ro'cles.* [Fromt//a>pa, the “itch.”] 
 Resembling psora ; also, having the itch ; 
 pso'rous. 
 
 Pso-ro-i'des.* [From xpujpa, the “itch,” 
 and eitog, a “form.”] Resembling p>sora : 
 pso'roid. 
 
 Pso-roph-th&l'nrf-a.* [From \p'pa, 
 the “itch,” and 6i>0aXp6g, the “eye.’ ] In- 
 flammation of the eye attended with 
 itchy ulcerations. 
 
 Pso-roph-tfoal'mic. [Psoropli- 
 thalmicus.] Belonging to psoroph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 Psy-chi-a-tri'a.* [From xpvXfi, tho 
 “soul,” or “mind,” and iarptia, a “heal- 
 ing.”] The medical treatment of dis- 
 orders of the mind. 
 
 Psy'-ehi-cal. [Psy'cBiicns ; from 
 ifsvxn, “soul,” or “mind.”] Belonging to 
 tho mind or intellect. 
 
 Psy'chical Eiem'c-cHies. These con- 
 sist in the employment of the mental 
 affections to promote tho healthy func- 
 tions of the body, or to modify the pro- 
 gress of disease. 
 
 Psychology, sl-kol'o-je. [Psyclio- 
 lo'gia; from t pvxny the “soul,” and Ajyoj, 
 a “discourse.”] Tho doctrine of tho 
 soul, or mind. In its larger acceptation, 
 it is synonymous with mental philosophy. 
 
 Psy-cho-no-sol'0-gy. [Psy clto- 
 nosolo'gia; from xp >Xi 7 , tho “soul,” or 
 “mind,” and n osolo'yia, tho “doctrine of 
 diseases.”] Tho doctrine or science ol 
 mental diseases. 
 
 Psy-cho-path'ic. [Psychopath'!* 
 
PSY 
 
 PTO 
 
 cus.] Belonging to psychopathy, or 
 mental disease. 
 
 Psy-cBiop'a-thy. [Psycliopathi'a ; 
 
 from 'pvxf], the “soul,” or “mind,” and 
 7 rdOos, an “affection,” a “disease.”] Men- 
 tal disease or affection. 
 
 Psy-cho'sis.* [From the 
 
 “soul,” or “mind.”] Affection of the 
 mind. Applied in the plural ( Psychoses ) 
 to a class of such affections. 
 
 Psy-cIiron»'e-ter. [Psychrom'e- 
 trunn; from \pvxp6g, “cold,” “chilly,” or 
 “damp,” and phpov, a “measure.”] An 
 instrument for measuring the amount 
 of the aqueous vapor contained in the 
 atmosphere. 
 
 Psy-clra'cious. [Psydra'cius ; 
 
 from psydra' ciumd\ Having psydracia ; 
 of the nature of a psydracium. 
 
 Psydracium,* si-dra'she-um. [Di- 
 minutive of (l)vdpa%, a “small blister.”] 
 A minute species of pustule causing a 
 slight elevation of the cuticle, and ter- 
 minal ing in a laminated scab. 
 
 Ptar'inic. [Ptar' miens; from 
 irraipw, to “ sneeze.”] Causing to sneeze ; 
 sternutatory. 
 
 In all words beginning with pt, 
 the/) is silent.) 
 
 Pte-rigr'e-mis.* [From tt repig, the 
 “fern,” and yci/w, to “be born,” to 
 “grow.”] Growing upon ferns. 
 
 Pterigraphia,^ ter-c-gra'fi-a, or 
 Pte-rig''ra-pBiy. [From nreplg, a “ fern,” 
 and ypa(p(x), to “ write.”] A description of 
 ferns. 
 
 Pter-o-car'pous. [Pterocar'pus ; 
 
 from vrtpd'j , a “ wing,” and Kapnog, “ fruit.”] 
 Having winged fruits. 
 
 Pterocarpus,* ter-o-kar'pus. [From 
 the same.] A Linnman genus of the 
 class Diadelphia , natural order Lecjumi- 
 nosse. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Br. Ph.) for the wood of the Pterocarpua 
 santalinu8 . 
 
 Pterocar'pus I>ra'co.* The syste- 
 matic name of one of the trees w T hich 
 yields dragon’s blood. 
 
 Pterocar'pus Sau-ta-li'nus.* The 
 
 systematic name of the tree the wood of 
 which is called red saunders, sanders, or 
 sandal ; termed also Santalum riibrum. 
 
 Pter-o-cau'las.* [From -n rtpov, a 
 “wing,” and can'lis, a “stem.”] Having 
 i winged stem. Applied to certain plants. 
 
 Pte-ro-i'cles.* [From irrepov, a “ wing,” 
 and elSos, a “form.”] Resembling a 
 wing: pte'roid. See Pterygoid. 
 
 Pte-ropli'o-rus.* [From nrepov, a 
 “wing,” and r/^po), to “bear.”] Having 
 wings : pteroph'orous. 
 
 Pte-rop'o-da.* [From nnpAv, a “wing,” 
 and 7i ovg, mdog, a “ foot.”] The fourth class 
 of the Cyclo-yungliata or Mollusks, con- 
 sisting of small, soft, floating marine anh 
 mals, which swim by the contractions ot 
 two lateral musculo cutaneous fins. 
 
 Pteropods. See Pteropoda. 
 
 Pte-rop'o-dus.* [From the same.] 
 Having winged feet or winged petioles. 
 Applied to certain plants; also to an 
 order of Mollusks. See Pteropoda. 
 
 Pt^r-o-sper'mus.* [From n repdv, a 
 “wing,” and o-ntppa, a “seed.”] Having 
 winged seed or fruit, as the iSida ptero- 
 sperma. 
 
 Pter-o-sty'lus.* [From nrrpov, a 
 “wing,” and arv\og, a “pillar,” a “ style.”] 
 Having the style compressed and broad 
 in the form of a wing; pterosty'lous. 
 
 Pte-ryg'I-iini.* [From tt repif, a 
 “wing.”] A membranous excrescence 
 on the internal canthus of the eye, ex- 
 panding on the albuginea and cornea 
 towards the pupil. 
 
 Pter-y-g©'de£.* [From rrtpv £, a 
 “w T ing.”] Having wings. 
 
 Pter'y-goid. [ Pterygoi'dcs; from 
 TTTtp^l, a “wing,” and tUog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a wing. 
 
 Pter-y-go-i'de-us.* [From the same.] 
 Connected with the pterygoid process. 
 
 Pteryg’Oi'deus Ex -ter' mis.* A 
 muscle arising from the outer plate of 
 the pterygoid process, etc., and inserted 
 into the condv'e of the lower jaw. 
 
 Ptcrygoi'cEeus In-ter'mis.* A 
 muscle arising from the inner plate of 
 the pterygoid process of the sphenoid 
 bone, and inserted into the inside of the 
 angle of the lower jaw. This and the 
 preceding muscle move the jaw from 
 side to side, and perform the action of 
 grinding with the teeth. 
 
 Pter'5-go-Fliar-yu-ge'iTS.* A syno- 
 nym of the const* ictor superior muscle 
 of the pharynx, because it arises from 
 the pterygoid process of the sphenoid 
 bone. 
 
 Pter'yg’o-Staph-y-li'nus.* [From 
 
 <rTarb”\ri, a “grape;” also, ihe “uvula.”] 
 The name of a muscle arising from the 
 pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, 
 and inserted into the velum pa loti. 
 
 Ptisane,ti-zan' ortiz'an. [Ftis'ana; 
 from Trri(X(T(x), to “bruise.”] Barley pounded 
 and made into balls; also, a drink made 
 of farinaceous substances boiled in water 
 and sweetened. 
 
 Pto'sis.* [From nroco, to “fall.”] A 
 falling, or prolapsus. 
 
 Pto'sis Pal'pe-brae.* (“Falling of 
 449 
 
PTY 
 
 PUL 
 
 the Eyelid.”) Inability to raise the 
 upper eyelid. 
 
 Ptyalagogue, tl-al'a-gog. [Pty- 
 alago yus ; from tttvoXov , “ spittle,” and 
 aycu, to “carry or bring away.”] Pro- 
 moting or increasing the flow of saliva,* 
 termed also Sialagogue. 
 
 Pty'a-lin, or Pty'a-line. [Ptya- 
 li iia; from irrva\oj, “spittle.”] A con- 
 stituent principle peculiar to saliva, and 
 on which its faint, sickly, or salivary 
 odor depends. 
 
 Pty'a-lisan. [Ptyalis'mus; from 
 
 7r rnaXi^aj, to “spit abundantly.”] In- 
 creased and involuntary flow of saliva. 
 A genus of the order Apocenoses, class 
 Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Pty-a-lopb ' thi-sis.* [From nrvaXov, 
 “ spittle,” and ipOiotg, a “ wasting.”] Tabes 
 salicalis , or wasting from excessive sali- 
 vation. 
 
 Pty'a-lum.* [From tttvoXov , “ spit- 
 tle.”] The secretion called saliva; mu- 
 cus from the bronchia: spittle. 
 
 Pu'ber-ty^ [Puber'tas,a7/s; from 
 pu'beo, to “be in the bloom of youth,” 
 to “grow to maturity.”] The earliest 
 age at which young persons are marriage- 
 able, or have the power cf procreating 
 offspring. See AItas. 
 
 Pu'bes,* gen. Pu'bis. [From the 
 same.] The external part of the gene- 
 rative region, which is more or less cov- 
 ered with hair after puberty. Also ap- 
 plied to the down on leaves, stems, seeds, 
 etc., of certain plants; pubescence. 
 
 Pu-bSs'^ence. [Pubescen'tia; 
 from pubes' co, to “bud,” or “bloom,” to 
 “have down, or incipient beard.”] Fine 
 hair, or down, closely pressed to the 
 surface of leaves, stems, etc. 
 
 Pu-b$s'$ent. [Pubes'cens; from 
 the same.] Covered with downy hair. 
 
 Pu'bic. [Pit bicus.] Belonging to 
 the pubes. 
 
 Pu-bi-flo'rus.* [From pu'bes , 
 “down,” and jlos, a “flower.”] Applied 
 to pliints having the calyx or the corolla 
 covered with light down: pubiflo'rous. 
 
 Pu-big'er-ous. [Pubig'erus; from 
 pu'bes, “ down,” or “ soft hair,” and ye'ro , 
 to “bear.”] Bearing down. 
 
 Pu'bis, Os.* (“Bone of the Pubes.”) 
 A bone constituting the anterior portion 
 of the Os innominatum, but forming a se- 
 parate bone in the foetal pelvis. 
 
 Pu-tlcn'da,* gen. Pu-<leii-tlo'rum, 
 the plural of Pudendum, which see. 
 
 Pudenda Vl-ro'rum.* [From vir, 
 a “man.”] The male organs of genera- 
 tion. 
 
 Pu-den 'da-gra.* [From pit den' dct, 
 the “private parts,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] 
 Pain in the pudenda, 
 
 Pti-den'diim,* gen. Pu-den'di. 
 [From pu’deo , to “have shame, or mo- 
 desty.”] The genital organs, or parts of 
 generation, of either sex, taken as a 
 whole ; also used, perhaps more correctly, 
 in the plural ( puden'da ). 
 
 Pudendum Mu-li-e'bre* [from 
 mu' lier, a “woman”]. The female parts 
 of generation, collectively. 
 
 Pu'dic, or Pu'di-cal. [Pudi'cus; 
 from pu'deo, to “ have shame, or mo- 
 desty.”] Belonging to the pudenda, or 
 genital organs. 
 
 Pu-er'pe-ra.* [From/ru'er, a “child,” 
 and pa'rio, to “ bring forth.”] A woman 
 in childbed, or one who has been lately 
 delivered. 
 
 Pu-er 'pe-ral. [Puerpera'lis ; from 
 puer'pera .] Belonging to, or consequent 
 on, childbearing. 
 
 Puer peral Fe'ver. [Fe'bris 
 
 Puerpera rum.] A severe febrile dis- 
 ease which sometimes occurs in the puer- 
 peral state, usually about the third day 
 after childbirth, originating in an inflamed 
 condition of the peritonaeum. Termed 
 also me'tria [from fxnrpa, the “womb”]. 
 
 Puer'peral Ma'ni-a. The delirious 
 excitement occurring in puerperal fever. 
 
 Pu-er-pe'ri-um.* [From puer'pe- 
 ra .] The state or period of a woman in 
 confinement. 
 
 Pu-er-pe-rop'y-ra.* [From puer- 
 pe'rium, “confinement in childbed,” and 
 7 rwp, a “fever.”] A term for puerperal 
 fever. 
 
 Pug. == Pugil'lus* A “pugil,” or 
 pinch between the finger and thumb. 
 
 Pii-gil'liis.* [Diminutive of pug'- 
 nus, the “fist.”] A little handful; held 
 to be about the eighth part of an ordinary 
 handful. See preceding article. 
 
 Pii-gi-o'iil-forin. [Pug-ion i for 
 mis; from pu'gio, a “poignard.”] Dag- 
 ger-shaped ; having the shape of a 
 poignard. Applied to leaves. 
 
 Pu-le'gi-uiii.* [From pn'lex , a 
 “flea.”] The Pharmacopocial name 
 (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) for the dried herb 
 of Mentha Pulegium, which see. 
 
 Pn'lex.* [Said to bo derived from 
 pul' vis, “dust,” because they were sup- 
 posed to be produced from it.] A flea; 
 a species of insect in which a single im- 
 pregnation suffices for at least six or 
 seven generations. — (IIoblyn.) It is a 
 curious fact, that in the warmer summer 
 months, the young of this insect <*re 
 
 450 
 
PUL 
 
 PUL 
 
 produced viviparously ; and in the cooler 
 autumnal months, ovipnrously. 
 
 Pul mo,* gen. Pul-mo'nis (plural 
 Pul-mo'ne&, gen. Pnl-mo'niim). (Fr. 
 Poumon, poo’m6N«'.) A Latin word sig- 
 nifying a “lung,” or the “lungs.” See 
 Lungs. 
 
 Piil'mo-grade^, or Pul-mog'ra- 
 «la.* [From pul'mo, a “ lung,” and gra’ - 
 dior , to “go,” to “ advance.”] The name 
 of a tribe of Acalephans, including those 
 gelatinous species which swim by the 
 contraction of the vascular margin of a 
 disk -shaped body, supposed to be their 
 lungs. 
 
 Pul-inom'e-ter. [Pulanom'etrum ; 
 
 from pul'mo, the “lungs,” and pzrpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring the capacity of the lungs. 
 
 Pul-mom'e-try. [Pulnioiue'tria; 
 from pul'mo, the “lungs,” and /lerpi w. to 
 “measure.”] The measuring of the size 
 or capacity of the lungs in reference to 
 the quantity of air employed in respi- 
 ration. See Spirometry. 
 
 Pul'mo-iia-ry. [Pulmona'ris, or 
 Pulmona'lis ; from pul’mo, pulmo'nia, 
 the “lungs.”] (Fr. Pulmonaire, pUl'mo' - 
 neR\) Of the lungs, or belonging to the 
 lungs ; pulmonic. 
 
 Ptil'monary Con-suaup'tion. 
 [PhlBii'sas Piilinona'lis.] A disease 
 which in most northern temperate cli- 
 mates causes more deaths than any other. 
 Its usual symptoms are cough, emacia- 
 tion, debility, and hectic fever, generally 
 accompanied with purulent expectora- 
 tion. In the later stages of this formi- 
 dable malady, there is little hope of suc- 
 cessful treatment. The aim. of the phy- 
 sician should, therefore, be to prevent the 
 development of its worst symptoms, by 
 timely precautions, namely, by a careful 
 attention to proper clothing, by a judi- 
 cious employment of external irritation, 
 by the use of a mild but nutritious and 
 strengthening diet, and, above all, by 
 maintaining the tone of the system by 
 means of suitable exercise in the fresh 
 and open air. When the strength of the 
 patient is such as to admit of it, gentle 
 exercise on horseback is especially to be 
 recommended. Although a mild, dry 
 atmosphere is always desirable, extensive 
 observation has proved that the patient 
 loses more by confinement to the house, 
 than by a regular exposure (with proper 
 precautions as to clothing, etc.) to all 
 kinds of weather, except the very most 
 inclement. See Climate. 
 
 Pulmonary Plex'us. The bron- 
 
 chial plexus of nerves, or that formed at 
 the back of the bronchia by the par 
 vagum and great sympathetic nerves. 
 
 Pul-mo'nes,* gen. Pul-ino'mim, 
 the plural of Pulmo, which see. 
 
 Pul-mo'ne-us.* [From pul'mo, a 
 “lung.”J Applied in the plural femi- 
 nine (Pulmo'nese) to an order of the Gas- 
 teropoda which respire air through an 
 opening in the margin of the mantle. 
 
 Pul-inon'ic. [Piiluioii'icus; from 
 pul'mo, a “lung.”] Synonymous with 
 pulmonary. 
 
 Pulinon'icCir-eu-la'tion. The pas- 
 sage of the blood from the right side of 
 the heart through the pulmonary arte- 
 ries to the lungs, and back to the left 
 side of the heart through the pulmonary 
 veins. This is also called the lesser cir- 
 culation, in order to distinguish it from 
 the greater circulation, or the passage of 
 the blood from the left side of the heart 
 through the aorta and its ramifications, 
 and back again through the veins to 
 the right side of the heart. 
 
 Pul-ino-nif'er-ous. [Pulmonif '> 
 eras ; from pul’mo, a “ lung,” and fe'ro, 
 to “bear.”] Bearing or having lungs or 
 bronchia. 
 
 Pul-nto-ititis. id is* [From pul'mo, 
 a “lung.”] Inflammation of the lungs. 
 See Pneumonia. 
 
 Pulp. [Pul'pa.] Originally, the 
 fleshy part of meat ; also, the pith of 
 wood. Usually applied to the soft part 
 of fruit, as distinguished from the seeds, 
 skin, etc. 
 
 Pulp of the Toot It, or Den'tal 
 Pulp. [Pul pa I>en'tis.] An ex- 
 tremely sensitive pulpy substance, of a 
 reddish or reddish-gray color, which fills 
 the central cavity of the teeth. 
 
 Pul'pous. [Pulpo'sus: from pul'- 
 pa, “pulp.”] Having or resembling 
 pulp. 
 
 Pul'sa-tile. [Pulsat'ilis: from 
 
 puf'so, pulsa'tum, to “beat frequently,” 
 to “throb.”] Beating; pulsating. 
 
 Pul-sa-til'la.* A common name for 
 the Ancmo'ne pnlsatil'la, a plant which 
 is sometimes employed as a remedy in 
 amaurosis and in certain cutaneous affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Pul-sa'tion. [Pulsa'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] Any throbbing sensa- 
 tion, resembling the beating of the pulse; 
 the heart’s action extending to the arte- 
 ries, felt in any part of the body. 
 
 Pulse. [Puls.] Originally, “ gruel,” 
 or “pottage.” Applied to leguminous 
 plants or seeds, as peas, beans, etc. 
 
 451 
 
PUL 
 
 PUL 
 
 Pulse. [Pul'sus; from pel’lo, pul'- 
 snm, to “ drive,” to “beat,” or “strike.”] 
 (Fr. Pon Is, poo.) The beating of the 
 arteries following the contractile action 
 of the heart. The radial artery at the 
 wrist is commonly made use of in order 
 to ascertain the force, frequency, etc., of 
 the general circulation. An examination 
 of the pulse, taken in connection with 
 other symptoms, is often of the greatest 
 utility to the physician, in enabling him 
 to determine the peculiar character of 
 different diseases. 
 
 Not merely the frequency and force, 
 but the fulness, hardness , etc., as well as 
 the opposite characteristics, are to be 
 carefully noted. It is, however, of the 
 utmost importance that the practitioner 
 should take into consideration those 
 variations, temporary or otherwise, which 
 are not necessarily dependent on a state 
 of disease. 
 
 Not only may the force and frequency 
 of the pulse be greatly increased by a 
 mere temporary cause (such, for example, 
 as extraordinary exertion, sudden alarm, 
 etc.), but, owing to certain constitutional 
 peculiarities, the pulse of some persons 
 in a state of perfect health is uniformly 
 much more frequent than the general 
 average. As a general rule, the pulse in 
 persons of an excitable temperament is 
 considerably more frequent than in those 
 of an opposite character; it is usually 
 more frequent in women than in men. It 
 is estimated that the pulse of an adult 
 male at rest, in a state of perfect health, 
 has from sixty-five to seventy-five beats 
 per minute. An infant at birth has from 
 one hundred and twenty to one hundred 
 and forty pulsations per minute; a child 
 a year old, from one hundred and ten to 
 one hundred and twenty ; at three years, 
 from ninety to one hundred ; at ten, 
 from eighty or eighty-five to ninety ; at 
 puberty, about eighty. As life advances, 
 the pulse usually becomes slower, until 
 the infirmities of age begin, when, as a 
 result of debility, it often increases in 
 frequency. Of the different kinds or 
 characters of the pulse, the following 
 are, perhaps, the mo t deserving of no- 
 tice : — 
 
 1. Dicrottc Pulse. [See Dicrotic.] 
 That in which the finger is struck twice 
 (first forcibly, then lightly) at every 
 pulsation. 
 
 2. Filiform (or thread-like) Pitlse. 
 That in which the pulsating artery seems 
 so narrow as to resemble a thread. 
 
 3. Gaseous Pulse. One in which the 
 
 4o2 
 
 artery seems full and very soft, as if it 
 were filled with air. 
 
 4. Hard Pulse. One which does not 
 yield under the firm pressure of the 
 finger. 
 
 5. Intermittent Pulse. One in which 
 the pulsation every now and then fails, 
 or seems altogether wanting ; a common 
 symptom in diseases of the heart, though 
 not unfrequently resulting from the de- 
 rangement of the nervous system, caused 
 by dyspepsia. 
 
 6. Jerking Pulse. One in which the 
 artery seems to strike the finger with a 
 sudden start, or jerk. 
 
 7. Quick Pulse. One which has a 
 quick or sudden beat, though the inter- 
 val between the beats may be of usual 
 length. 
 
 8. Small Pulse. One in which the 
 pulsations are both slender and weak. 
 
 9. Tense Pulse. [From ten'sus , 
 “stretched.”] One in which the artery 
 seems stretched or filled to its utmost 
 capacity. It resembles a hard pulse, 
 but is more elastic. 
 
 10. Wiry Pulse. One resembling the 
 filiform pulse, with this difference, that 
 it is very hard, as well as narrow. 
 
 Thready, or Tiiread-like, Pulse. 
 See Filiform Pulse. 
 
 The significations of most of the other 
 terms applied to the pulse (such as bound- 
 ing, feeble, frequent, full, jarring or vi- 
 brating, languid, soft, tremulous, etc.) seem 
 so simple and obvious as to require no 
 particular explanation. 
 
 Pul-si-le'gi-uin.* [From pul'sus , 
 the “pulse,” and IP go, to “read,” to 
 “gather the sense of,” hence, to “esti- 
 mate.”] The same as Pulsimeter, which 
 see. 
 
 Pul-sim'e-ter. [Pwllsim'drum ; 
 
 from pul'sus, the “pulse,” and firpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring the force or frequency of the 
 heart or pulse. 
 
 Pul-soin'e-trumJ The same as 
 Pulsimeter. 
 
 Pul'sus Cor'dis.* (“ Pulse of the 
 Heart.”) The impulse of the heart, or 
 the shock communicated by the apex of 
 the heart to the walls of the thorax in 
 the neighborhood of tho fifth and sixth 
 ribs. This must not be confounded with 
 the arterial pulse. 
 
 Pul-ta'ooous. [Pulta'eeus: from 
 puls, “pulse,” or “pap.”] Of the nature 
 of pulse or pap. 
 
 Pulv. == Pul'vis* a “powder,” or 
 Pul' veres,* “powders.” 
 
PUL 
 
 PUN 
 
 Pnl-ve-ra'ceous. [Pulvera'ceus ; 
 
 from pul'vis, a “powder,” or “dust.”] 
 Covered with powder; dusty. 
 
 Pul'ver-es,** gen. PuS ver-wni, the 
 plural of Pulvis, which see. 
 
 Pul'veres Ef- fer - ves - ?en 'tes.* 
 (“Effervescing Powders.”) Soda Pow- 
 ders. Take of bicarbonate of soda, in 
 fine powder, three hundred and sixty 
 grains ; tartaric acid, in fine powder, 
 three hundred grains. Divide each of 
 the powders into twelve equal parts, and 
 keep the parts severally of the bicarbon- 
 ate and of the acid in separate papers of 
 different colors. 
 
 Pul'veres Eflfervescen'tes A-g>e- 
 ri-en'tes.* (“Aperient Effervescing 
 Powdersh”) Sedlitz Powders. Take of 
 bicarbonate of soda, in fine powder, a 
 troyounce; tartrate of potassa and soda, 
 in fine powder, three troyounces; tartaric 
 acid, in fine powder, four hundred and 
 twenty grains. Mix intimately the bicar- 
 bonate of soda with the tartrate of po- 
 tassa and soda, and divide this mixture 
 into twelve equal parts. Then divide the 
 tartaric acid into the same number of 
 equal parts. Lastly, keep the parts seve- 
 rally of the mixture and of the acid in 
 separate papers of different colors. 
 
 Pnl-ver'u-lent. [Pulverulen'tus; 
 from pul'vis, “powder,” or “dust.”] 
 Covered with dust; dusty; powdery. 
 
 Pul-vi'nar.* A pillow, or cushion ; 
 hence, pulvi'nar (or c ervica'le) lu'puli , a 
 pillow of hops, employed for its soothing 
 effects in mania and other diseases. 
 
 Pul'vX-nat-ed. [Pulvina'tus; from 
 pulvi'nus , a “cushion,” or “pillow.”] 
 Having or resembling a cushion, or pil- 
 low ; cushioned. 
 
 Pul- vin'I-form. [Pul vinifor 'mis ; 
 
 from the same.] Having the form of a 
 cushion, — i.e. more or less hemispherical, 
 and somewhat stuffed out. 
 
 Pul vis,* gen. Pul'ver-is. (Fr. 
 Poudre , poodn.) A powder formed of 
 any medicinal substance or substances. 
 
 Pul'vis Al'o-es et Ca-nel'lse.* 
 (“Powder of Aloes and Canella.”) Take 
 of Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, twelve 
 troyounces ; canella, in fine powder, 
 three troyounces. Rub them together 
 until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 Pul'vis An-ti-mo-ni-a'lis* (“Anti- 
 monial Powder”), or Pul'vis An-tl- 
 mo'nf-i €om-pos 'l-tus* (“ Compound 
 Powder of Antimony”). A preparation 
 composed of the peroxide of antimony 
 and phosphate of lime. It is employed 
 as a diaphoretic, and is intended as a 
 39 
 
 substitute for James’s Powder, which is 
 similar in composition. 
 
 Pul'vis A r-o-mat'I-cus.* (“Aro- 
 matic Powder.”) Take of cinnamon, in 
 fine powder, ginger, in fine powder, 
 each two troyounces; cardamom, de- 
 prived of the capsules and in fine pow- 
 der, nutmeg, in fine powder, each a troy- 
 ounce. Rub them together until they 
 are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 Pul'vis Ip-e-cac-u-an'h» Com- 
 pos'i-lus* (“Compound Powder of Ipe- 
 cacuanha”), Pul'vis Ipecaeuan'fcze 
 et O'pl-i,* 1850 (“Powder of Ipecacu- 
 anha and Opium”), commonly known as 
 “Dover's Powder.” Take of ipecacu- 
 anha, in fine powder, opium, dried and 
 in fine powder, each sixty grains; sul- 
 phate of potassa, a troyounce. Rub them 
 together into a very fine powder. 
 
 Pul'vis Ja-Ia pat Corn -j ms 'I-t us.* 
 (“ Compound Powder of Jalap.”) Take 
 of jalap, in fine powder, a troyounce; 
 bitartrate of potassa, in fine powder, 
 two troyounces. Rub them together 
 until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 Pul'vis RBne'i €om-p«s'I-tus.* 
 (“Compound Powder of Rhubarb.”) 
 Take of rhubarb, in fine powder, four 
 troyounces ; magnesia, twelve troyounces ; 
 ginger, in fine powder, two troyounces. 
 Rub them together until they are tho- 
 roughly mixed. 
 
 Paam'Ice, orpu'miss. \Prom pu'mex, 
 pu'micis, a “pumice-stone.”] A porous 
 volcanic product, consisting chiefly of 
 silica and alumina. 
 
 Pu'nni-d-form. [Pumicifor'mis ; 
 
 from the same.] Resembling pumice- 
 stone. 
 
 Pu-mi-co'sus.* [From the same.] 
 Having or resembling pumice-stone: 
 pu'micose. 
 
 Punc'ta,* the plural of Punctum, 
 which see. 
 
 Punc'ta EacIh-ry-ma'Si-a.* (“ Lach- 
 rymal Points.”) Two small orifices at 
 the edges of the eyelids near the inner 
 angle of the eye. 
 
 Pwnc'tate. [Pwncta'tus ; from 
 
 punc'to, pun eta' turn , to “point,” or 
 “prick.”] Dotted as if with punctures; 
 punctured. 
 
 Pune 'turn,* plural Punc'ta. [From 
 pun’ go, pnnc'tum, to “prick.”] A point. 
 In Geometry, that which has position 
 but not magnitude. See Stitch. 
 
 Pnnc'tum Au're-um* (“Golden 
 Point”), called also Mac 'u -la Ru'te-a- 
 (“Yellow Spot”). A small, orange- 
 colored spot on the internal surface of 
 45§ 
 
PUN 
 
 PUT 
 
 the retina and in the direction of the 
 axis of the eye; termed also the Spot 
 of Soemmering. 
 
 Pune'tmii fJae'cwm.* (“Blind 
 Point or Spot.”) A spot in the centre 
 of the retina where the central artery 
 enters the eye. A ray of light falling on 
 this point is not perceived. Also termed 
 Porus Opticus. 
 
 Punctual Sa'H-ens.* (“Starting 
 or Springing Point.”) A name given 
 by some writers to the firtt pulsations of 
 the heart in the embryo ; but, according 
 to others, the first moving point that ap- 
 pears after the fecundation of the germ. 
 
 Pu'nl-ca.^ [From Pu'nicus, “belong- 
 ing to Carthage, or Northern Africa.”] 
 A Linnrean genus of the class Icosan- 
 dria, natural order Myrtncete. 
 
 Pu'nicn €ira-na'tuiii. $ The pome- 
 granate-tree, the flowers of which, termed 
 balaustine flowers, are used medicinally 
 as astringents. 
 
 Pu pa.^ [From pit' pus, a “puppet.”] 
 The second condition of the metamor- 
 phosis of insects; the chrysalis. 
 
 Pti'pil. [Pnpil'la; from pu'pa, a 
 “girl,” “baby,” or “doll.”] Tne round 
 black opening in the centre of the iris. 
 
 Pu'piMa-ry Mem brane. [Mem- 
 bra'na Pupilla ris.] See Velum Pu- 
 
 PILLA5. 
 
 Pu-pip'a^rus.~ [From pu'pa, a 
 “chrysalis,” and pa'rio , to “ bring forth.”] 
 Pupip'arous; bringing forth in the pupa 
 state. Applied in the plural feminine (Pu- 
 pip'arse) to a family of dipterous insects. 
 
 Pup Ivor imis. See Pupivorus. 
 
 Pu-piv'o-rus.*' [From pu'pa, a 
 “chrysalis,” and vo'ro, to “devour.”] 
 Pupiv'orous; ^^>«-devouring. Applied 
 in the neuter plural ( Pupiv'ora ) to a 
 family of hymenopterous insects. 
 
 Pu-poph's^gus.* [From pu'pa, and 
 
 yw, to “eat.”] The same as Pupivo- 
 rus. 
 
 Pur^fatif. See Purgative. 
 
 Pur-ga'tion. [Purga/ti©, o ' mm; 
 from pur' <jo, purged turn, to “cleanse,” to 
 “purge.”] A purging, or evacuating, of 
 the bowels. 
 
 Pur'gra-tave. [Purgnti'vns; from 
 the same.] (Fr. Puryatif, piiR'gi’tef'.) 
 Causing purgation ; increasing the alvine 
 excretions. 
 
 Pur'&isig;. [Pur'gans; from the 
 same ] Having the power of evacuating 
 the bowels, etc. 
 
 Pur'gin;;’ Flax. The common name 
 for the Linnm catharticnm. 
 
 Pu'rl-form. [Purifor'mis ; from I 
 461 
 
 pus, pu'ris, “matter issuing from a sore.”] 
 Resembling pus. 
 
 Piir'pu-ra.* [From rop^vpa, “'pur- 
 ple.”] (Fr. Pourpre, pooRpR.) A pur- 
 ple color. Also, a genus of univalve 
 shellfish which secretes a purple dye. In 
 Pathology, a disease in which there are 
 small distinct purple specks and patches, 
 with general debility, but not always 
 with fever. 
 
 Purpura H.vtii-or-rtiagi-ca.* 
 
 Malignant petechial fever. 
 
 Pnr'pu-rafe- [Par'paras, »'//«.] 
 A combination of purpuric acid with a 
 salifiable base. 
 
 Pur-pu'ric. [PnrjMi'ricas; from 
 pur' pur a, “purple.”] Belonging to 
 purple. Applied to an acid of a purple 
 color obtained from calculi and other 
 animal excretions. 
 
 Ph r-jwi ' ri-fers. [Pie rp w r if era ; 
 
 from pur'pura, “purple,” and fc'ro, to 
 “bear.”] The name of a family of Gas- 
 teropodous Mollusks including those spe- 
 cies belonging to the genus Jlure.r, which 
 secrete the purple substance forming the 
 celebrated Tyrian dye of the ancients. 
 
 Pur'pn-rin, or Pur pu-rinc. 
 [Piirpuri'na; from pur'pura, “pur- 
 ple.”] A substance prepared by boiling 
 madder-root acted on by sulphuric acid 
 with water and alum, and colIec*ing the 
 precipitate. Also found in urine. 
 
 Pur' roe. [From m/pdf, “yellowish 
 red ”?] A beautiful yellow pigment, 
 brought from India. It is adapted for 
 oil or water-color painting, and is known 
 by the name of Indian 3 T ellow (Fr. Jennie 
 Indian, zhdn aa^'de-aN 0 '). 
 
 Pu'ru-lent. [Purulen'tus.] Con- 
 sisting of pus; of the nature of pus. 
 
 Pus,** gen. Pu'ris. [Gr.r'o:'.] A 
 bland, cream -like fluid found in abscesses, 
 or on the surface of sores ; matter. 
 
 Push. A pustule; an inflammatory 
 swelling which differs from a boil in con- 
 taining uniform and mature pus. 
 
 Pus'tu-Iatc. [Pusfula'tcis : from 
 pin' tula, a “ pustule.”] Having pustules ; 
 blistered. 
 
 Pws'tnle. [Pus'tula; diminutive 
 of />«*.] A small globate or c moidal 
 elevation of the cuticle, containing pus, 
 or lymph. 
 
 Pu-ta'nien,** gen. Pai-lata's-nas. 
 
 Originally, tho “shell of a nut.” In 
 Botany, the stone of a drupe, e.j. a peach- 
 stone, a plum-stone. Synonymous with 
 Exdocarp. 
 
 Pii-ta-inin'e-us.* [From pula'men .] 
 Belonging to a shell, or putauicn. 
 
PUT 
 
 PYR 
 
 Pji-tre-fac'lion. [Pntrofac'tSo, 
 
 o'nis ; from jm'tris, “rotten,” and Ji'o , 
 fac'tus , to “become.”] The spontaneous 
 decomposition of animal or vegetable 
 matters; the process of putrefying; rot- 
 tenness. 
 
 Pu-tr£s'£ence. [Putrescen'tia ; 
 
 from put res' co , to “rot.”] A state of 
 rottenness or putridity. 
 
 Putrid Fevor. See Typhus. 
 
 Py-se'ml-a,* or Py-o-hsc'mf-a.‘$ 
 [From ttvov, “pus,” and alua, “blood.”] 
 Purulent blood, or a state of the blood 
 in which pus globules are found floating 
 among the proper blood disks. 
 
 Py-«em'ic, or Py»em'ic. [Pysem'- 
 icus.] Relating to pyennia. 
 
 Py-au-la-co-me'le.* [From ttvov, 
 “pus,” and aula come' le , a “grooved 
 probe.”] A grooved probe for searching 
 for matter or pus. 
 
 Pyc-no-car'pus.* [From nvKvog, 
 “thick,” and Kaprrog, “fruit.”] Having 
 thick, swollen fruit. 
 
 Pyc-i»o-£epli'a-liiis.* [From n vtcvdg, 
 “thick,” and K£(pa\ri , the “head.”] Col- 
 lected together in thick heads. Applied 
 to flowers. 
 
 Pyc-no-sta'-eUny-MS.* [From ttvk- 
 vog, “thick,” and oraxvg, an “ear,” or 
 “spike.”] Having flowers disposed in 
 large spikes. 
 
 Py-e-Bi'tfis, i disJ* [From -rrve\o;, a 
 “trough.”] Inflammation of the pelvis 
 (or sinus) of the kidney. 
 
 Pyemia, Pyemic. See Py.emia, 
 Py^emic. 
 
 Pyesis. See Pyosis. 
 
 Py'i*cns. ;!5 [From ttvov, “ pus.”] Of 
 or belonging to pus ; py'ic. 
 
 Py'in. [Pyi'ua; from the same.] 
 A constituent principle of pus. 
 
 Py-lor'ic. [Pylor'icus.] Belong- 
 ing to the pylorus. 
 
 Pyl-o-rid'e-us.* [From Tn\wp 6 g, the 
 “ pylorus.”] Applied in the plural neuter 
 ( Pylorid'ea ) by Blainville to a family of 
 Mollusks having a shell gaping at the 
 two ends. 
 
 Py-lo'rus.* [From nvhi, a “gate,” 
 or “ entrance,” and ovpog, a “ guard,” or 
 “ keeper.”] Sometimes called also Jan i- 
 tor* [from jctn'ua, a “gate”]. Literal 
 signification of both terms being “ gate- 
 keeper.” The inferior aperture of the 
 stomach, at the commencement of the 
 duodenum. 
 
 Py-o-bleu'nic. [Pyoblesi'iaicus; 
 
 from ttvov, “pus,” and B\ivva, “mucus.”] 
 The same as Muco-Purulent. 
 
 Py-o-blen-nor-rSioe'a.* [From 
 
 ttvov , “pus,” ( 1 \evva, “mucus,” and pew, to 
 “flow.”] A flow of purulent mucus. 
 
 Py-o-^en 'e-sis.* [From ttvov, “.pus,” 
 and yeveoig, “ production.”] The secre- 
 tion or formation of pus. 
 
 Py*«‘Se-net'ic. [Pyojfonct'iciis.] 
 Pertaining to pyoyenesis. Also, the same 
 as Pyogenic. 
 
 Py-o-gen'ic. [Pyogren'icus ; from 
 ttvov, “pus,” and yevvdw, to “produce.”] 
 Producing or secreting pus. 
 
 Pyoluemia. See Pyaemia. 
 
 Py-o-i'defc.* [From tcvov, “ pus,” and 
 cifog, a “form.”] Resembling pus : py'oid. 
 
 Py-o-me'le.'* [From ttvov, “pus,” 
 and /4/7X77, a “ probe.”] The same as Py- 
 aulacomele, which see. 
 
 Py-o-poi-e'sis.- [From ttvov, “ pus,” 
 and 7 To ew, to “ make.”] The same as 
 Pyogenesis, whi( h see. 
 
 Py-o'sis.* [Gr. Trvwotg.] The pro- 
 gress or formation of pus. Nearly the 
 same as Pyogenesis and Pyesis. 
 
 Pyr'a-mid. [Lat. Py r'amis, m'idis; 
 Gr. nvpapig.] A solid contained by a tri- 
 angular, square, or polygonal base, and 
 other planes meeting in a point which is 
 called the vertex. The planes which 
 meet in the vertex are called the sides, 
 which are necessarily all triangles. Pyr- 
 amids are triangular, quadrangular, pen- 
 tagonal, etc., according as the base is a 
 triangle, a square, a pentagon, etc. Ap- 
 plied in Anatomy to a small bony pro- 
 jection in the cavity of t)ie tympanum. 
 
 Py-ram i-dal. [Pyramida'lis.] 
 Relating to a pyramid, or formed like a 
 pyramid. 
 
 Pyram idal Skull. Under this 
 name, Hr. Prichard describes that form 
 of the skull which Blumenbach terms 
 Mongolian, and which is most charac- 
 teristically seen in the Esquimaux. 
 
 Py- r am -s-da ' lis * (“ Pyramidal”), 
 otherwise termed Pyramitla'lis Ab- 
 dom'i-nis.* A muscle arising from 
 the pubes, and inserted into the linen 
 albn, nearly half-way between the pubes 
 and umbilicus. It assists the rectus. 
 
 Pyramidalis Femoris. See Pyr- 
 iformis. 
 
 Pyramida'lis Na'si.* (“ Pyramidal 
 [Muscle] of the Nose.”) A slip of the 
 occipito-f rontal is muscle which goes 
 down over the nasal bones and is fixed 
 to the compressor nasi. 
 
 Py-rasn i-d«i(S. [Py ramidoi des ; 
 from py r'amis, a “pyramid,” and eitog, a 
 “form.”] Resembling a pyramid. 
 
 Py-rec'tl-ca.* [From n-vpacriKog, “fe- 
 verish,” or “having fever.”] The name 
 455 
 
PYR 
 
 PYR 
 
 of an order in Good’s Nosology, com- 
 prising fevers of every kind. 
 
 Pjfr'e- thrum.* Pellitory. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the root 
 of the Anacyclus Py rethrum . 
 
 Pjf-ret'ic. [Pyret'icus: from ttu- 
 perog, “fever.”] Relating to fever; fe- 
 brile. 
 
 Pyr-e-to-ge-ne'sl-a,* or Pyr-e-to- 
 
 gen'e-sis.* [From -vperog, “fever,” and 
 ysi/ejis, “generation.”] The origin and 
 formation of fever. 
 
 Pyr-e-tog'ra-phy. [Pyretogra'- 
 pliia; from i T'perog, “fever,” and ypatpw, 
 to “ write.”] A history or description of 
 fever. 
 
 Pyr-e-tol'o-gy. [Pyretolo'gia: 
 
 from nvpsTdg, “fever,” and Xoyo;, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on fevers. Also, 
 the doctrine or science of fevers, their 
 nature, causes, and distinctive charac- 
 ters. 
 
 Py-rex'i-a,* plural Py-rex'i-ae. 
 
 [From nvpi<ra(x), future 7ry/>i£o>, to “be fever- 
 ish,” to “ have a fever.”] The state of 
 fever. (See Fever.) In the plural, febrile 
 diseases: a class of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Py-rex'i-al. [Pyrexia'lis.] Be- 
 longing to pyrexia; febrile. 
 
 Py-rif 'er-us.* [From py’rum , a 
 “pear,” and fe’ro, to “bear.”] Bearing 
 fruits in form of the pear : pyriferous. 
 Applied as a specific name to certain 
 plants. 
 
 Pyr'l-form, or Py'ri-form. [Pyri- 
 
 for'mis; from py’rum, a “pear.”] Re- 
 sembling a pear in shape. 
 
 Py r-I-f>jr ' inis.- f (“ Pear-shaped [Mus- 
 cle].”) A muscle arising from the hol- 
 low of the sacrum, and inserted into 
 the cavity at the root of the trochanter 
 major. It moves the thigh. It is also 
 called Pyramida’lis, or Pyramida'lis 
 Fern’ oris. 
 
 Py-ri'tes,* or pir'i-tez. [From nvp, 
 “fire.”] Native compounds of metals 
 with sulphur, as iron pyrites, etc. 
 
 Pyr-i-tif er-ous. [Pyritiff'eras ; 
 
 from pyri'tes , and fe’ro, to “bear.”] Con- 
 taining pyrites. 
 
 Py r-i-tol'o-gy. [Pyritolo'gia ; 
 
 from nnpirrig, “ pyrites,” and Myo;, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on pyrites; that 
 part of Mineralogy which treats of the 
 various kinds of pyrites. 
 
 Pyr'o-gen. [Pyroge'niunm ; from 
 
 Trwp, “fire,” and yewato, to “produce.”] 
 Literally, “producing fire.” A term ap- 
 plied to the electric fluid. 
 
 Pyr-o-ge-ue'sl-a,* or Pyr-o-geu'e- 
 
 [From niip , “fire,” and ykvang, 
 456 
 
 “generation.”] The generation or pro- 
 duction of fire. 
 
 Pyr-o-ge-net'ic. [Pyrogenet'- 
 icus.] Belonging to pyrogenesiu ; gene- 
 rating fire. 
 
 P5 r r-o-ge'ne-us.* [From irvp, “fire,” 
 and yii/cj, to “ be born,” to “ be produced.”] 
 Produced by fire, or heat: pyroge'neous. 
 
 Py-rog e-nous. [Pyrog'enus; from 
 the same.] Igneous ; produced by fire. 
 Applied to a class of rocks comprehend- 
 ing the volcanic and igneous strata. 
 
 Pyr'o-la.* [From py' rus, a “pear.”] 
 A Linnaean genus of the class Decandria , 
 natural order Pyrolacese. Also, the Phar- 
 macopoeia! name (Ed. Ph.) of the Chi- 
 maph'ila umbella’ta , formerly Pyr'ola um- 
 bella’ta. 
 
 Pyr'ola ITm-bel-la'Ly.* A former 
 name for the Chimaphila umbellata , or 
 American winter-green. 
 
 Pyrolaceav* pir-o-la'she-e. [From 
 Pyr’ola , one of the genera.] A natu- 
 ral order of exogenous plants, mostly 
 herbaceous, natives of Europe, North 
 America, and Asia. It includes the 
 Chimaph' ila (Winter-green) and other 
 tonics. 
 
 Pyr-o-la'ceous. [Pyrola'ceus.] 
 
 Belonging to, or resembling, the genus 
 Pyrola. 
 
 Py r-o-llg'ne-ous. [Pyrolig'neus ; 
 
 from ttvp, “ fire,” and lig'neus, “of wood.”] 
 Applied to an acid obtained by the de- 
 structive distillation of wood. 
 
 Pyrolig'neous A^'id. [A?'idiiin 
 Pyrolig'neuui.] An acid obtained 
 from the destructive distillation of wood. 
 It consists of acetic acid mixed with 
 empyreumatic oil and bitumen. 
 
 Pyrolig'neous Spir'it, called also 
 Pyr-ox-yl'ic Spir'it. A substance pro- 
 duced during the distillation of wood. It 
 is more volatile than alcohol, but burns 
 very well in a spirit-lamp, and is com- 
 paratively cheap. — (H oblyn.) 
 
 Py-rol'o-gy. [Pyrolo'gia; from 
 nvp, “fire,” and Xoyo;, a “discourse.”] A 
 treatise on heat; the doctrine or theory 
 of fire or heat; that branch of science 
 which treats of heat. 
 
 Pyr-o-ma'nI-a.* [From nvp } “fire,” 
 and pai’ia, “madness.”] A form of in- 
 sanity in which thoso affected have a 
 propensity to set houses on fire. 
 
 Py-rom'e-ter. [Pyrom'otruin ; 
 from niip, “ fire,” and /xsrpo^, a “ measure.”] 
 An instrument for ascertaining those 
 higher degrees of heat to which the 
 thermometer cannot be applied. 
 
 Py-roph'o-rus.* (From niip, “fire.” 
 
PYR 
 
 QUA 
 
 and 0cpco, to "bear,” to “produce.”] An 
 artificial substance which takes fire or 
 burns on exposure to the air; also, an 
 instrument for striking fire or light. 
 
 Pyr-o-sco'pi-unn.* [From rr up, “fire,” 
 and okoxzu), to “examine.”] The same 
 as Pyrometer, which see. 
 
 Py-ro'sis.* [From wpoco, to “burn.”] 
 Water-brash; a disease characterized by 
 pain in the stomach, with copious eruc- 
 tation of a watery, insipid fluid; it is a 
 form of Cardialgia. A genus of the 
 order Spasmi, class Neuroses, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Pyr-os-phy'ra.® [From n up, “fire,” 
 and oipvoa, a “ hammer.”] An instrument 
 formed like a hammer, heated or plunged 
 into hot water, and employed as a cau- 
 tery to produce irritation or vesication. 
 
 Pyro-tech-ny. [Pyrotech'nia ; 
 from 7 rup, “fire,” and Tt\vr], “art.”] The 
 art or science of making fireworks. 
 
 Py-rot'ic. [Pyrot'icos, or Pyrot'- 
 icus; from 7 rupoco, to “burn.”] Having 
 power to burn ; caustic. 
 
 Pyr-ox-yl'ic. [Pyroxyl'icus : from 
 7 rup, “fire,” and %v\ov, “ wood.”] Applied 
 to acetic spirit, because obtained in the 
 distillation of wood. See Pyroligneous 
 Spirit. 
 
 Q. P. = Quan'tum pla'cet .* “As 
 much as you please,” or “as much as is 
 thought fit.” 
 
 Q. Q. II.. or Quaq. Quart. Ilor. = 
 
 Qua’ (pie quar'ta ho'rd .* “ Every four 
 
 hours.” 
 
 Q. §>. = Quan'tum suf'jicit .** “ As 
 
 much as will suffice.” 
 
 Quaclt'e-ry. “Mean or bad acts in 
 physic,” comprehending not only the 
 absurd impostures of ignorant pretenders, 
 but also unbecoming acts of professional 
 men themselves. 
 
 Quad-ran'gri-Iar. [From qua'tuor, 
 “four,” and an'gulus, an “angle.”] Hav- 
 ing four angles. 
 
 Quadrant. [Quad'rams; from 
 qua'tuor, “four.”] Literally, the “fourth 
 part of any thing;” usually the fourth 
 part of a circle, or ninety degrees. Ap- 
 plied to an instrument of great use in 
 practical geometry. 
 
 Quad rant E-lec-trom'e-ter. An 
 instrument for estimating the degree or 
 •Intensity of electricity. The differences 
 of electric intensity are denoted by an 
 39 * 
 
 Py-rox'y-Iin, or Py-rox'y-lino. 
 [Pyroxyli'na ; from the same.] A 
 term applied to gun-cotton, or other sub- 
 stances similarly produced. 
 
 Py-rox'y-lous. [Pyroxy lo'sus : 
 from the same.] Applied to an acid of 
 less power than the pyroxylic, obtained 
 in the distillation of wood. See Pyro- 
 ligneous. 
 
 Pyr'rhin. [Pyrrhi'na; from wpp 6 g, 
 “ruddy.”] Applied to a substance re- 
 garded as the chief colorant of red snow. 
 
 Py'rus.* A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Icosandria, natural order Pomacese. 
 
 Pyrus Aucuparia. See Sorbus 
 Aucuparia. 
 
 Py rus €om-mu'nis.* (“Common 
 Pear-Tree.”) The systematic name of 
 the pear-tree. The juice of its fruit, 
 when fermented, forms perry. 
 
 Py rus €y-do'nI-a.* A former name 
 for the Cj/donia vulgaris, or quince-tree. 
 
 Py'rus Ma'lus.* The systematic 
 name of the apple-tree, of all the varie- 
 ties of which the common crab-tree is 
 supposed to be the parent. 
 
 Pyx-id 'I-um,* or Pyx'is.* [Gr. 
 7 ru£t$, ir-^iiog, a “box.”] A pod which 
 opens by a circular horizontal line cut- 
 ting off* the upper part as a lid. 
 
 index which traverses a quadrant di- 
 vided into ninety equal parts called 
 degrees. 
 
 Quadrate. See Quadratus. 
 
 Quad-ra'tus.* [From quad'ra, a 
 “square.”] (Fr. Carre, kAr;P.) Quad- 
 rate; of a square figure. Applied to cer- 
 tain muscles, from their shape. 
 
 Quadratus Fean o-ris.* (“ Square 
 [Muscle] of the Thigh.”) A muscle 
 arising from the outer border of the tube- 
 rosity of the ischium and inserted into a 
 ridge leading from the great trochanter. 
 It moves the thigh backwards. 
 
 Quadra'tus tpe'nse.* (“Square 
 [Muscle] of the Cheek.”) A name given 
 to the muscle otherwise called depressor 
 labii iuferioris and platysma nxyodes. 
 
 Q 11 ad ra ' t us Lu in -bo ' r 11 in .* 
 
 (“Square [Muscle] of the Loins.”) A 
 muscle arising from the crest of the 
 ilium, and inserted into the last rib and 
 the transverse processes of the first four 
 lumbar vertebrae. It inclines the loins 
 to one side. 
 
 Quad-ri-cap'su-lar. [Quadricap- 
 
 457 
 
QUA 
 
 sula'ris; from qua'tuor, "four,” and 
 cajj'sula, a “ capsule/'] Applied to a 
 fruit formed by the union of four cap- 
 sules. 
 
 Quad-ri-cot-y-ied'o-uous. [^wad- 
 ricotyle«lo'neus; from qua'tuor, “four,” 
 and cotyle’ don.] Applied to an embryo 
 with four cotyledons. 
 
 Quad*ri-den 'tate. [Qwad'ridens, 
 or Quadridenta'tus ; from qua'tuor, 
 “four,” and dens, den’ tin, a “tooth.”] 
 Having four teeth, or divisions. Applied 
 to a calyx, petal, etc. 
 
 Quad-ri-fa'ri-ous. [Quadrifa'- 
 rius; from qua'tuor, “four.”] Literally, 
 “ in four ways.” In Botany, having leaves 
 disposed in four vertical ranks. 
 
 Quad'ri-fid. [Quadrif 'idus; from 
 qua'tuor , “four,” and fin' do, to “cleave.”] 
 Divided nearly to the middle of its 
 length into four equal portions. 
 
 Quad-ri-fo'li-ate. [Quadrifolia'- 
 tus; from qua'tuor, “four,” and fo'lium, 
 a “ leaf.”] Bearing four leaves. 
 
 Quad-ri-fo'li-o-late. [Quadrifo- 
 liola'tus; from qua’tuor, “four,” and 
 foli'olum, a “foliole.”] Composed of 
 four folioles. 
 
 Quart-ri-g’em'i-nus.* [From qua'- 
 tuor, “ four,” and gem'inus, “ double.”] 
 “Four-double,” or consisting of four 
 nearly equal parts. See Tubercula 
 Quadrigemina. 
 
 Quad-ad j ' u-gate. [Quadrij 'ngus ; 
 
 from qua'tuor, “four,” and ju'gum, a 
 “yoke,” or “pair.”] Having four pairs 
 of folioles. 
 
 Quad-ri-lat'e-ral. [Quadrilate- 
 ra'lis; from qua'tuor, “four,” and la' - 
 tus, lat’eris , a “side.”] A plane figure 
 bounded by four straight lines; having 
 four sides. 
 
 Quad-i*51'o-l>ate. [Quadriloba'* 
 tus; from qua’tuor, “four,” and loba'tus, 
 “lobed.”] Divided into four lobes. 
 
 Quad-ri-par'tite. [Qaaadripar- 
 ti'tus; from qua'tuor, “ four,” and par- 
 ti' tus, “divided.”] Divided into four 
 parts. 
 
 Quad-ri-pen'nis.* [From qua'tuor, 
 “four,” and pen'na, a “wing.”] Having 
 four wings : quadripen'nate. Applied to 
 certain insects. 
 
 it u ail' ri- vsil ve. [ i 1 1 a<l v i va I ' v i s : 
 
 from qua'tuor, “four,” and val' rue., “fold- 
 ing doors. '] Separated into four valves, 
 as the capsule of some plants. 
 
 Quad-rai'msi-iia. : * [See next arti- 
 cle.] The name of an order of Mam- 
 malia, comprising those of which each 
 of the four extremities is terminated by 
 458 
 
 QUA 
 
 a hand, as the ape, baboon, and mon 
 key. 
 
 Quad-ru'ma-uous. [Quadrii- 
 
 manus; from qua'tuor , “four,” and 
 ma'nus, the “hand.”] Having four 
 hands : quadru'manate. 
 
 Qaiad'ru-ped. [From qua'tuor , 
 “ four,” and pes, a “ foot.”] A four-footed 
 animal. The term is no longer used by 
 zoologists as strictly indicative of a par- 
 ticular class of animals. 
 
 Quad-r u 'pe-dal. [Quad ' rapes, 
 p edis; from the same.] Having four feet. 
 
 Quadrupl. = Quadrujilica'to .* “F our 
 times as much.” 
 
 Quali-ta-tive. [From qual'itas, 
 qualita’tis, “quality.”] Pertaining to 
 quality. 
 
 Qualitative A-nal'y-sis. The de- 
 termination of the nature of the com- 
 ponent parts of a chemical compound, 
 without reference to their relative pro- 
 portions. 
 
 Quarantine, kwbr-an-teen' [Quar- 
 antiiia], formerly written Quaran- 
 taan. [From the Italian qua ran' ta , 
 “forty;” because it usually lasted forty 
 days.] (Fr. Quarantaine , k&'rbN°'ten' or 
 k&'rbNo'tAn'.) The period during which 
 vessels from infected or suspected ports 
 are debarred from entering into a healthy 
 one, and from landing their goods, crew, 
 or passengers, unless to be confined in a 
 lazaretto. 
 
 Quartan. [Quartaiius ; from 
 quar’tus, the “fourth.”] Occurring every 
 fourth day. 
 
 Quar tan A'g-ue. An intermittent 
 fever the paroxysms of which recur 
 every fourth day, leaving between them 
 an interval of two days. 
 
 Quar'tine. [Quart i'na; from 
 quar'tus , the “fourth.”] The fourth en- 
 velope of the ovule of plants. 
 
 Quartz. [Ger. Quarz.] Pure silex ; 
 a constituent of granite. Rock crystal is 
 crystallized quartz. 
 
 Quart'zose. Relating to, resembling, 
 or containing quartz ; quartzous. 
 
 Quassia, * kwosh'c-a. The Pharina- 
 copoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the wood of 
 the Simaru'ba exccfsa, or of the Picrse 
 na excel'sa (or Quassia exr.eha), accord- 
 ing to the British Pharmacopoeia. Quassia 
 has, in the highest degree, all the pro- 
 perties of the simple or pure bitters. As 
 a tonic, it increases the powers of the 
 digestive organs, whh little excitement 
 to the circulatory system. 
 
 Quassia A-ma'ra.* A tree from 
 which quassia wood is obtained. 
 
QUA 
 
 QUI 
 
 Quassia Ex-cel 'sa.* One of the 
 
 trees from which quassia wood is ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Quas'sin. [Qimsi'na.] A peculiar 
 vegetable principle obtained from quas- 
 sia wood, on which the virtues of the 
 latter are supposed to depend. 
 
 Qiia^ter'iia^r5 r . [Quatema'rius ; 
 from qnater'ni , “four by four.”] Dis- 
 posed in fours; consisting of four. In 
 Botany, the same as Tetrasierous, 
 which sec. 
 
 Qu;jhter'nate. [Quaterna'tus; 
 
 from the same.] Applied to verticillate 
 leaves arranged four by four. 
 
 Qua^ter-ni-fo'll-us.* [From qua- 
 ter'niy “four by four,” and fo'lium, a 
 “leaf.”] Having quaternate leaves: 
 quaternifo'liate. 
 
 Quer-cit'run. [From quer'cn s, an 
 “oak.”] The bark of Quercus tinctoria , 
 or Quercus nigra, black oak, or dyer’s 
 oak. It yields a valuable yellow color- 
 ing matter, called quercitrin and qner- 
 citric or quercitronic acid. 
 
 Quer'cus.* (Fr. Chene, shen or 
 sh&n.) A Linnasan genus of the class 
 Monoecia, natural order Cupuliferx. Also, 
 the Pharmacopoeia! name (Br. Ph.) for 
 the dried bark of the small branches and 
 young stems of the Quercus qiedunculata 
 (or Quercus robur). 
 
 Quer cus Al'foa.* White-oak bark. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the bark of the Quercus alba. It is as- 
 tringent and tonic, and has sometimes 
 proved very beneficial in the treatment 
 of intermittents. 
 
 Quer'eus Cer'ris.* Another name 
 for the Quercus Ixfeotoria, which see. 
 
 Quercias Coccifera. See Kermes, 
 Animal. 
 
 Quer'cusln-fee-to'ri-a.* The sys- 
 tematic name of the tree which yields 
 the gall-nuts of commerce. 
 
 Quer'cns Xi'grra.* The same as 
 Quercus tinctoria. 
 
 Quercus Fe-dun-cu-la'ta.* A 
 
 name for the Quercus robur. 
 
 Quer'cus Robur.* The systematic 
 name of the most valuable British oak- 
 tree. A decoction of the acorns is re- 
 puted efficacious against dysentery and 
 colic. Also called Quer’ cus peduncula' ta. 
 
 Quer'cus Su'ber.* The Cork Oak. 
 A tree growing in Southern Europe, the 
 bark of which constitu f es the spongy, 
 semi-elastic substance known in com- 
 merce as cork. 
 
 Quer'cus Tinc-to'ri-a.* Black-oak 
 *)ark. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 
 Ph.) for the bark of the Quercus tincto- 
 ria. Its medical properties are similar 
 to those of the bark of the Quercus alba , 
 but it is more apt to irritate the bowels. 
 
 Quick 'lime. [Calx Yi'vum.] Un- 
 slacked, or unquenched, lime. 
 
 Quicksilver. See Hydrargyrum, 
 and Mercury. 
 
 Quina. See Quinine. 
 
 Quina do fiaiijto. kee'n& do k&m'po. 
 (“Cinchona of the Plain.”) The bark 
 of Stryclinos jjseudo-quina, used in Brazil 
 as a substitute for cinchona. 
 
 Quinaquina. See Cinchona. 
 
 Qui'na-ry. [From qui'nus, “five by 
 five ”] Consisting of five. Applied to 
 leaves, petals, sepals, etc. The same as 
 Pentamerous, which see. 
 
 Quiuate. See Kinate. 
 
 Qui'nate. [Qiiinatus ; from qui'ni, 
 “five.”] Arranged by fives. Applied 
 to leaves that are inserted five by five 
 around the stem, and to a digitate leaf 
 with five leaflets. 
 
 Quince. [Cydo'iiiuiii.] The fruit 
 
 of Py'rus Cydo'nia. 
 
 Quin-cun 'cisil. [Quincuncia'Iis ; 
 
 from quin'cunxJ] Arranged in the man- 
 ner of a quincunx. 
 
 Quin cunx.* [From quin'que , “five.”] 
 A Latin term for such a disposition of 
 five objects, that they shall occupy the 
 four corners of a square and the point 
 of intersection of the diagonals of the 
 same. An arrangement of trees or other 
 objects in rows, so that each stands oppo- 
 site to the centre of the vacant space 
 which occurs between two members of 
 the next row. 
 
 Quin-dec 'a-gon. [Quindecago'- 
 
 niini ; from quin'que , “ five,” dhea, “ten,” 
 and ycji/t'a, an “angle.”] A plane figure 
 having fifteen sides and angles. 
 
 Quin-de-eag'o-nal. [Qnindcca- 
 go nus.] Belonging to a quindecagon. 
 
 Qu i n l-a,* or Qui-ninc' (Fr. pr< nun- 
 ciation, ke'nen'); also called Qui'na,* 
 or Qui-ni'na.* One of the aikaline 
 proximate principles (the other being 
 Cincho'nia ) in which the medicinal virtues 
 of the Peruvian bark chiefly reside. 
 
 Quinia, or Quinine, Amorphous. 
 See Quinoidine. 
 
 Quin i-ae Sul'pSias.* (“ Sulphate 
 of Quinia.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || 
 for a substance in the form of silky, 
 very light crystals, which are readily 
 soluble in alcohol, and in water acidu- 
 lated with sulphuric acid. It is composed 
 of two equivalents of quinia with one of 
 sulphuric acid and eight of water. Sul- 
 459 
 
QUI 
 
 pbate of quinia appears to possess essen- 
 tially the same medical properties as Pe- 
 ruvian bark, without being so apt to 
 nauseate or oppress the stomach. In 
 large doses it sometimes produces serious 
 or dangerous cerebral disturbance, and 
 has occasionally proved fatal. 
 
 Quin'iae Va-le-ri-a'nas.^' (“Vale- 
 rianate of Quinine.”) The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (U.S. Ph ) for a salt which 
 crystallizes in rhomboidal tables, and 
 has a peculiar repulsive odor and bitter 
 taste. It seems to combine the properties 
 of quinia with those of valerian. 
 
 Quinine. See Quinia. 
 
 Quin'ie. [Quin'ieus.] Applied to 
 salts that have quinine for their base. 
 
 Quinic Acad. See Kinic Acid. 
 
 Qixinicia, kwe-nish'e-a. See Quinoi- 
 dine. 
 
 Quiai'i-dine. [Quinidfia.] An 
 
 alkaloid found in the Cinchonas. 
 
 Quinine, Sulphate of. See Quinine 
 Sulphas. 
 
 Quin i-nism. [Quininas'niiis ; 
 
 from quinine'.] That disturbance of the 
 nervous system caused by large doses, 
 or by the continued use, of the sulphate 
 of quinine. 
 
 Quiu-al'dine. [Quinoi'dia, or 
 Quinoicliii'ia; from qui'na, “ quinine,” 
 and £iS»;, a “form.”] A resinous sub- 
 stance obtained from the mother-liquor 
 remaining after all the crystals which 
 can be procured are separated, in the pre- 
 paration of the sulphate of quinine. Also 
 called amorphous quinine, and quinicia . 
 
 Quiii-quan'gif'lar. [Qiiinquan- 
 gulii'ris or Qiiinqiiangula'tus ; 
 from quin'qne , “five,” and an’ galas, an 
 “ angle.”] Having five angles. 
 
 Quiu-que-tleu'tate. [Quinquc- 
 cleuta'tus; from quin'qne , “five,” and 
 dens, a “ tooth.”] Having five teeth or 
 serratures. 
 
 Qiiin-que-ilig , 'i-tate. [Quinique- 
 digita tus; from quin'qne, “ five,” and 
 dig’itus, a “ finger.”] Applied to a leaf 
 the petiole of which terminates in five 
 folioles. 
 
 Quin'qup-fiil. [Quiniqucf'idur* ; 
 
 from quin'qne, “five,” and Jin' do, to 
 “cleave.”] Cleft into five segments. 
 
 Quin-que-flo'rus.* [From quin’- 
 que, “ five,” and jlos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing five flowers. 
 
 Quin-que-fo'H-ate. [Quiaiquefo- 
 lia'tu*; from quin'qne, “five,” and fo'- 
 lium, a “ leaf.”] Having five leaves. 
 
 Quiii>que-fo'lI-o-Iate. [Quiiiquo- 
 foliolat us ; from quin'que, “five,” and 
 460 
 
 QUI 
 
 foli'olum , a “foliole.”] Having five 
 leaflets. 
 
 Quiii-quef'o-rus.* [From quin'- 
 que, “five,” and fo'ro, to “pierce.”] 
 Having five holes : quinquef 'orous. 
 
 Quin que- ju-gws.* [From quin'- 
 que, “five,” and jn'gum, a “yoke.”] 
 Applied to a pinnate leaf the petiole of 
 which bears five pairs of folioles : quin'- 
 quejugate. 
 
 Quin que-lo-bate. [Qumquelo- 
 
 toa'tus; from quin’que, “five,” and lo’ - 
 bus, a “lobe.”] Having five lobes. 
 
 Qiiin-que-loc' u-lar. [Quinque- 
 
 locula'ris; from quin'que, “five,” and 
 loc'ulus, a “cell.”] Having five cells. 
 
 Quiii-qne-Bier'vis,** or Quin-qne- 
 ner'vl-iis.* [From quin'que, “five,” 
 and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] Applied to a 
 leaf having five longitudinal nervures* 
 
 Quxu-qne-par'tite. [Quiiique- 
 parti tus; from quin'que, “five,” and 
 parti' tus, “ divided.”] Deeply parted with 
 five segments. Applied to a calyx, 
 etc. 
 
 Quin-qwe-plx'cate. [Qwiuque- 
 
 plica'tus; from quin’que, “five,” and 
 plica' tus, “plaited.”] Having five plaits. 
 Applied to parts of certain plants. 
 
 Quin-que-val'vis.* [From quin’- 
 que, “five,” and val'va, a “valve.”] 
 Opening in five valves: quinquevalvate. 
 
 Quln-quiua.*' Another name for 
 Cinchona, which see. 
 
 Quin'sy, formerly Squinan'cy. [A 
 corruption of C yuan' che , “ sore-throat.”] 
 A popular term for Cynanchc tonsillaris, or 
 Tonsillitis phleymonodes. See Cyn anche. 
 
 Quinta Essentia (cs-sen'she-a). See 
 Quintessence. 
 
 Qnin'tan. [Quinta'nus ; from 
 quin' tus, the “fifth.”] A form of inter- 
 mittent, which recurs every fifth day, 
 leaving an interval of three days be- 
 tween the paroxysms. 
 
 Quint-es'sence. [Quin'ta Essen'- 
 tia.] A term denoting in alchemical 
 language the fifth, and last, or highest, 
 essence of any natural body. It is now 
 commonly applied to any extract which 
 contains all the virtues of a substance in 
 a small bulk or compass. Sometimes it 
 is used to designate the most volati’o 
 part of a substance, as being considered 
 the most valuable. 
 
 Qiiin'tine. [Qteinif i'ma : from the 
 same.] The fifth and innermost coat 
 of the ovule of a plant. 
 
 Quin'tu-ple. [Quintuple* : from 
 quin'que , “ five,” and pi ? zo, to “fold.’ j 
 Five-fold. 
 
QVl 
 
 RAD 
 
 Qui n’t 11 -pie-nerved, or Qiiin lu- 
 pli-nerved. [From quin'tuplex, ‘‘five- 
 fold,” and ner'v us, a “nerve.”] Having 
 two strong primary nerves on each side 
 of the midrib, as some leaves. 
 
 Quor, = Quo' rum.* “ Of which.” 
 
 Quo-tidi-an. or Quotidian Fe'- 
 ver. [Fe'brisQuotidia na; from quo- 
 
 tid'ie, “daily.”] (Fr. Quotidien, ko't&’- 
 de-aN<>'.) Applied to a kind of intermit- 
 tent fever, in which the paroxysm returns 
 every twenty-four hours. A genus of the 
 order Fcbres, class Pyrexise, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Q. V. = Quoin' turn vis * “As much as 
 you will.” 
 
 R. 
 
 R. = Recipe :* “ Take.” 
 
 Ra'fol-es.* [From ra'bio, to “be 
 mad,” to “ rage.”] A disease caused by 
 the saliva of dogs and some other ani- 
 mals being absorbed into the system 
 through a wound, bite, or scratch. In 
 this disorder the very sight of water, or 
 any liquid, usually causes a spasm of 
 the pharynx, accompanied by a sense of 
 suffocation, and an indescribable horror, 
 whence the name hydrophobia (or, “ dread 
 of water”), by which it is commonly 
 known. See Hydrophobia. 
 
 Rabies Ca-ni'na.* (“ Canine Mad- 
 ness.”) The most common form of the 
 disease termed hydrophobia; also called 
 lyssa. See Hydrophobia. 
 
 Ra'bies Fe-li'na.* (“ Feline Mad- 
 ness.”) A variety of hydrophobia pro- 
 duced by the bite of a rabid cat. The 
 spastic symptoms are said to be less 
 acute than those of canine rabies, and 
 frequently intermitting. 
 
 Race. [From the Italian raz'za, 
 which is probably from the Latin ra'dix, 
 a “ root.”] Races of men are permanent 
 varieties of the human species, charac- 
 terized by certain prominent distinctive 
 traits. Blumenbach distinguished the 
 following races : — 
 
 1. The Caucasian Race. — Skin white, 
 passing into flesh-color, occasionally 
 brownish; hair wavy, of a light or dark 
 tint; face oval, facial angle large, viz. 
 from 80° to 85° : comprising the Euro- 
 peans (excepting the Laplanders and 
 Finns), the inhabitants of Western Asia 
 as far as the- Obi, the Ganges, and the 
 Caspian Sea, and most of the tribes of 
 Northern Africa. 
 
 2. Mongolian Race. — Skin yellow; 
 hair black, straight, scanty ; face broad, 
 flat; glabella flat and broad: compris- 
 ing the Tartars and Chinese ; also the 
 Laplanders, the Finns, the Esquimaux 
 and Greenlanders. 
 
 3. American Race. — Skin brownish 
 copper-colored ; hair black, straight, and 
 
 scanty. It comprises all the aborigines 
 of America, except those included in the 
 preceding variety. 
 
 4. Ethiopian Race. — Skin black, or 
 brownish black ; hair black, coarse, 
 short, woolly or frizzly ; skull narrow, 
 long; facial angle from 70° to 75°: in- 
 cluding all the Africans (excepting those 
 of the Caucasian variety), also the ne- 
 groes of New Holland, and those of 
 Papua, etc. 
 
 5. Malay Race. — Skin black ; hair 
 black, soft, curling, and abundant; cra- 
 nium moderately narrow : comprising 
 the brown islanders of the South Sea, 
 the inhabitants of the Sunda Isles, the 
 Moluccas, the Philippine and Marianne 
 Isles, and the true Malays of Malacca. 
 
 Ra-eonne'. [Race'imns.] Origi- 
 nally, a “cluster of grapes.” In Botany, 
 a form of inflorescence in which the flow- 
 ers, each on its own pedicel, aro arranged 
 along a common peduncle or axis, as the 
 currant, hyacinth, and choke-cherry. 
 
 Ra^-e-mif 'er-ocis. [Racemif 'er- 
 as ; from race'mus , a “ cluster of grapes,” 
 or a “raceme,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”’] 
 Bearing racemes. 
 
 [From race'- 
 mus, a “raceme,” and jlos, a “flower.”] 
 Having clusters of flowers: racemiflo'- 
 rous. 
 
 Ra?-e-inose', or Ra-cemous. 
 [Racemmo'siBS ; from race'mus, a “ ra- 
 ceme.”] Bearing or resembling racemes. 
 
 Itachiagra, RachiaSgia, Radis- 
 algitis. See Raiachiagra, R,hachi- 
 algia, Riiachialgitis, etc. 
 
 RacMs. See Rhachis. 
 
 Ra-eM'tis, i dis* [From pa\is, the 
 “spine.”] (Fr. Rachitisme, r&'she’tezm', 
 or Nouure, noo'iiR'.) Properly, inflamma- 
 tion of the spine, but usually applied to 
 the disease commonly known as the 
 Rickets, which see. 
 
 Racls. See Arrack. 
 
 Rad. — Radix* “ Root.” 
 
 Kadesyge (Danish), r&'deh-su geh. 
 
 461 
 
EAD 
 
 RAF 
 
 £From Ra de (the same as the German 
 Rdu'de), a “scab,” and sycj, “sick,” “dis- 
 eased.”] Also termed ^or-we'g’i-an 
 Leprosy, and Scaii-di-na/vl-an 
 Syph i-lis. A virulent and infectious 
 disease, particularly affecting the skin, 
 bones, and throat. 
 
 Ra'di-al. [Radia'lis; from ra’dius, 
 a “ray.”] Belonging to the radius. In 
 Botany, belonging to the border or ray 
 of a head of flowers. 
 
 Ra'di-ant, or Ra'di-ate. [Ra'di- 
 aiis, an 'tis; from ra’ dio , radia'tum , to 
 “ shine,” to “ emit rays,” or to “ radiate.”] 
 Having or emitting rays ; spreading from, 
 or arranged around, a centre. Applied 
 to the corona of the Compositse. 
 
 Ra-di-a'ta.* [From ra'dio , radia'- 
 tum, to “ radiate.”] A grand division or 
 sub-kingdom of animals, chiefly marine; 
 constituting the fourth primary division 
 of animals in the system of Cuvier. They 
 are so called because they have their parts 
 arranged around an axis, and on one or 
 several radii. 
 
 Ra'di-at-ed. [Radia'tus ; from 
 
 the same.] Having rays. See Radiant. 
 
 Ra'di-ate-Veined, or Ra'di-at-ed- 
 Veined. A term applied to reticulated 
 leaves in which three or more veins 
 of nearly equal size diverge from the 
 base: palmately -veined. 
 
 Ra-di-at-i-fio'rus.* [From ra'dius, 
 a “ ray,” and jlos, a “ flower.”] Having 
 radiated flowers. 
 
 Ra-di-a'tion. [Radia'tio, o'nis; 
 
 from ra'dius, a “ray.”] The emission 
 of rays of light or heat from a luminous 
 or heated body. 
 
 Rad'i-cal. [Radica'lis; from ra'- 
 dix , radi'cis, a “ root.”] Springing from 
 a root; relating to the root; original; 
 total ; thorough. Radical leaves are 
 
 those which apparently spring from the 
 root. As a noun, radical is used in 
 Chemistry as synonymous with a base; 
 thus, sulphur and phosphorus are the 
 radicals of sulphuric and phosphorio 
 acids. 
 
 Rad'i-cant. [Rad'lcans, nil' tis; 
 from rad'icor, radica’tus, to “ take root.”] 
 Rooting. Applied to a stalk bending 
 and taking root where it touches the 
 earth, or striking root by fibres which 
 do not imbibe nourishment; as the 
 ivy. 
 
 Rad-I-c*a'tion. [Radica'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] The act of taking root; 
 the arrangement of the roots. 
 
 Rad'i-cel. A diminutive root, or a 
 rootlet. 
 
 m 
 
 Ra-di'ces,* the plural of Radix, 
 which see. 
 
 Rad-I-ci-flo'rous. [Radiciflo'rus : 
 
 from ra’dix , a “foot,” and jlos, a “flow- 
 er.”] Having flowers which grow, or 
 appear to grow, from the root. 
 
 Ra-di^'i-form. [Radieifor'mis ; 
 
 from ra’dix, a “root.”] Resembling a 
 root. 
 
 Rad'i-cle. [Radic'ula; diminutive 
 of ra’dix, a “root.”] A little root: a 
 rad'icule. The part of the embryo (of a 
 plant) which becomes the root. Also 
 applied to a fibre of the tap-root. 
 
 Rad-i-cudi-for'iiiis. :; ' [From ra- 
 dic'ula, a “ radicle.”] Having the form 
 of radicles. 
 
 Ra-dic-u-lo'sus.* [From the same.] 
 
 Having radicles. 
 
 Ra'dI-i,* the plural of Radius, which 
 see. 
 
 Ra-di'o-lus.* [Diminutive of ra'- 
 dius, a “ ray.”] A probe ; also, a sound. 
 
 Ra'di-ous. [ Radio's 11 s : from ra'- 
 dio, radia'tum, to “send out rays,” to 
 “radiate.”] Emitting luminous rays; 
 radiant. 
 
 Rad'isti, Horse. The common Eng- 
 lish name of the Cochlearia a rmoracia. 
 
 Ra'di-us.* [From puSSo;, a “ rod,” 
 “ streak,” or “ staff.”] Literally, the 
 “ spoke of a wheel :” hence, a ray of light. 
 In Geometry, a straight line drawn from 
 the centre to the circumference of a circle. 
 In Anatomy, applied to one of the bones 
 of the forearm. In Botany, the ray of a 
 flower. See Ray. 
 
 Ra'dius Vec'tor.* In Astronomy, 
 an imaginary straight line, drawn from 
 the centre of attraction to the point of 
 an orbit in which the body (planet, comet, 
 or satellite) may be; for example, the 
 line joining the centre of the sun with 
 the centre of a planet. 
 
 Ra'dix,* gen. Ra^di'cis. [From piSt^, 
 a “ branch.”] The root, or the descend- 
 ing axis, of a plant, or that portion which 
 grows downwards, ordinarily fixing the 
 plant to the soil, and absorbing nourish- 
 ment from it. It is the principal organ 
 of nutrition. It produces no other or- 
 gans or parts but naked branches, which 
 are mere repetitions of the original de- 
 scending axis. Unlike tho stem, the 
 root elongates continuously from its 
 oxtremity alone. See Tap-Root, and 
 Stem. 
 
 RadzygN*. See Radesyge. 
 
 RafHpsiaceav* raf-fle-se-a'she-e. 
 [From Raffle’ sia, one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous, stemless, 
 
RAG 
 
 RAN 
 
 anomalous plants (parasites), found in 
 the East Indies on the stems of Cissi. 
 The flower constitutes the whole plant. 
 
 Rag-e, r&zh. The French term for 
 Rabies, which see. 
 
 Rain-<»auge. See Pluviometer. 
 
 Rai sin. The dried fruit of the Vitis 
 vini/era; also called Uvapassa or pass ula. 
 
 Rak. See Arrack. 
 
 Rale, r&l. (Fr. Haler , to “rattle 
 in the throat.”) A rattle. Applied to 
 various kinds of sound attending the 
 circulation of air in the bronchia and 
 vesicles of the lungs, different from the 
 murmur produced in health. Also termed 
 Hhonchus. 
 
 Rale Crepitant, r&l cn&'p&'toN®'. 
 (“ Crepitating Rattle.”) A pathogno- 
 monic sign, common in severe pneumo- 
 nia. It has been compared to the noise 
 of butter boiling, or to that produced by 
 particles of salt thrown on live coals. 
 
 Rale Muqueuse, r&l mii'kuz'. 
 (“ Mucous Rattle.”) A sound similar 
 to that produced by blowing through a 
 pipe into soapy water ; when very strong, 
 it is termed gurgling. 
 
 Rale Sibilant, dU s£ v b&ToN«'. (“Sib- 
 ilant or Hissing Rattle.”) A sound 
 caused by the presence of only a small 
 quantity of mucus in the ramifications 
 of the bronchia. It has been compared 
 to the sound produced by suddenly sepa- 
 rating two oiled surfaces. 
 
 Rale Sonore, dU so'noR'. (“Sono- 
 rous Rattle.”) A sound like that of the 
 cooing of a dove, or sometimes the snor- 
 ing of a sleeping man. 
 
 Ra'me-al. [Ramea'lis; from ra'~ 
 mus, a “branch.”] Relating to branches, 
 or growing on branches. 
 
 Rament. See Ramentum. 
 
 Ra-unen'ta,* the plural of Ramen- 
 tum, which see. 
 
 Ram-en-ta'ccoas. [Ramenta'- 
 ceus; from ramen'tum , a “shaving,” or 
 a “ rament.”] Covered with small, dry, 
 membranous scales, as the Erica rameti- 
 tacea. 
 
 Ra-men'tuni, ; plural Ra-men'ta. 
 
 [From ra'do, to “ shave,” to “ scrape.”] 
 Any thing which is reduced, or rubbed 
 down, by a file ; filings; raspings. Ap- 
 plied to a species of pubescence, consist- 
 ing of thin chaffy scales. 
 
 Ra'me-us. s The same as Rameal, 
 which see. 
 
 Ram-i-cor'nis.* [From ra’mus, a 
 “branch,” and cor'nu, a “horn.”] Hav- 
 ing branched antennas. Applied to cer- 
 tain insects. 
 
 Ra-mif er-ous. [Rasiiif crus ; 
 
 from ra'mus, a “ branch,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing branches. 
 
 Ram-i-fi-ca'tion. [Ramiflca'tio, 
 
 o 'uis; from ra'mus, a “branch,” and 
 fa'cio . to “ make.”] The division of a 
 stem into branches; the act or mode of 
 branching; the arrangement of branches 
 in trees. 
 
 Ram'l-fied. [Ramifica'tus; from 
 the same.] Having branches; divided 
 into branches ; branched. 
 
 Ram-i-llo'rous. [ Raitii floras ; 
 
 from ra'mus, a “ branch,” and jlos, a 
 “flower.”] Having flowers growing up- 
 on the branches. 
 
 Ram'i-lorm. [Ramitfor'mis: from 
 ra'mus, a “branch.”] Resembling a 
 branch. 
 
 Ramollisscment^ dl'moT&ss'mdN«\ 
 The French term for Softening, which 
 see. 
 
 Ita-mosc', or Ra mons. [Ramo'- 
 
 sus; from ra'mus, a “branch.”] Full 
 of branches ; much branched. 
 
 Ram- ti-li-flo r us.* [From ram'u - 
 his, a ** little branch,” and Jlos, a “ flow- 
 er.”] Having flowers on the ramules, 
 as the C russula ramulijlora. 
 
 Ramti-loso, or Ram'u-lous. 
 [ Raima lo 'sees: from ram’ulus, a “little 
 -Joranch.”] Bearing many branchlets. 
 
 Rain'n-lus. $ [Diminutive of ra'mus , 
 a “branch.”] A little branch: a ra'- 
 mule. 
 
 Ra'mus , 5 plural Ra mi. The bough, 
 or branch of a tree or other body. 
 
 Ra-mus'cu-liis.* [Diminutive of 
 ra'mus , a “branch.”] A little branch 
 or division : a ramuscule. 
 
 Ran cid. [Ran'cidus; from ran'- 
 ceo , to “be musty, stale, and rank.”] 
 Applied to fat, oil, and any greasy body 
 which, by absorbing oxygen from the air, 
 has acquired a strong odor and disagree- 
 able taste. 
 
 Ran-cid'I-ty. [Rancid itas, a 'ft*/ 
 from ran'cidus, “musty and stale.”] The 
 property of being Rancid, which see. 
 
 Ra-nine', or ran'In. [Rani'nus; 
 from ra'na, a “frog.”] Belonging to the 
 frog. Applied to a branch of the lin- 
 gual artery. 
 
 Ra-niv o-roiis. [Raniv'orus; from 
 
 ra'na, a “frog,” and vo'ro, to “devour.”] 
 Living on frogs. Applied to certain 
 birds. 
 
 Ran'u-la.* [Diminutive of ra'na, a 
 “frog:” so called from a fancied re- 
 semblance.] A fluctuating semi-trans- 
 parent tumor under the tongue, resulting 
 463 
 
RAN 
 
 RAT 
 
 from accumulated saliva and mucus in 
 the ducts of tne sublingual gland. 
 
 Raniinetilaeeae,* ra-nun-ku-la'- 
 she-e, or Ra-n un ' cu-li.* A natural 
 order of exogenous plants, mostly her- 
 baceous, natives of the colder parts of 
 the world. Acridity, causticity, and 
 poison are the general characters of this 
 order, which comprises Aconite (Acon'- 
 itum), Liverwort ( Hepat’ica ), Crowfoot 
 (Rawin' cuius), and Clem’ atis. 
 
 Ra-iiuo-cii-la'eeous. [Ramincu- 
 la'ceus.J Resembling the ranunculus. 
 
 Ra-iuin 'cti-li* (Fr. Renoncules, reh- 
 n<Wkiil'), the plural of Ranun' cuius, 
 forming the Jussieuan name of an order 
 of plants. See Ranunculace^e. 
 
 Ra-nun'cii- lias.* Crowfoot. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 cormus and herb of the Ranunculus bul- 
 bosus. It was formerly, before the gene- 
 ral introduction of the Spanish fly, much 
 used as a vesicatory, but it is very un- 
 certain in its operation. 
 
 Ra-pa'^es,* the plural of Rapax, 
 which see. 
 
 Ra pax, a' cis.% [From ra'pio, to 
 “ seize or take by violence."] Raven- 
 ous; rapacious. Applied in the plural 
 ( Rapa'ces ) to an order of birds; also 
 called Accipitres and Raptores. See Ac- 
 cipiter. 
 
 Rape. [From ra’pa, the “ turnip."] 
 The Brassica napus, or wild navew. 
 
 Rape. [Rap'tus; from ra’pio , rap' - 
 turn, to “take by violence,” to “ravish."] 
 Applied in Medical Jurisprudence to the 
 defloration of a female forcibly and 
 against her will, or of a girl of tender 
 age who has, as yet, in the legal sense, 
 no will. 
 
 Rape Oil. An oil procured from 
 rapj-seed, and used in making oint- 
 ments, etc. 
 
 Ra - pti a ' 11 l-a.* [From raph’anus, 
 the “radish."] A disease attended with 
 spasms of the joints; supposed to have 
 been caused by the seeds of a species of 
 raphanus mixed with the grain used for 
 food. A genus of the order Spasm i, class 
 Neuroses , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Raph'a^nus.* [Gr. papaSg.] The 
 radish. A Linnman genus of plants of 
 the class Tctradi/namia, natural order 
 Ceuciferse. 
 
 Rapliniius Rusticaiiiis. See Coch- 
 LEARIA ARMORACIA. 
 
 Ra phe,* or Rha'phe.* [From f>JL<br\, 
 a “seam," or “suture."] A cord or 
 ridge which connects the hilurn with the 
 chalaza of some plants. 
 
 464 
 
 Ra'pheCor'po-risCal-lo'si.* (“ Su- 
 ture of the Callous Body.") A linear 
 depression along the middle of the cor- 
 pus callosum, between two slightly ele- 
 vated longitudinal bands. 
 
 Raphe JPer-i-nse'i.* (“Raphe, or 
 Suture, of the Perinaeum.") An elevated 
 line which runs along the middle of the 
 perinaeum to the anus. 
 
 RapBi'a-«les.* [From papig, a “nee- 
 dle."] The acicular crystals found in 
 the texture of nearly all plants. They 
 commonly consist of oxalate of lime, and 
 often of phosphate or sulphate of lime. 
 
 Rap'tor, o’ris* [From ra'pio, rap’ - 
 turn, to “seize or take by violence."] 
 Applied in the plural ( Rapto’rcs ) to an 
 order of birds; also called Accipitres 
 and Rapaces. See Accipiter. 
 
 Rap-to'res,* the plural of Raptor, 
 which see. 
 
 Rap'tus.* [From the same.] A forci- 
 ble seizure. Hence tho terms raptus-ner- 
 vorum (seizure of the nerves), or cramp, 
 etc. 
 
 Rar-e-fae'tion. [Rarefac'tio, o'nis; 
 from ra'rus, “thin," “rare," and fa'cio , 
 fac'tum, to “make."] The act of rare- 
 fying or expanding; also, the state of 
 being rarefied or expanded. 
 
 Rar-i-eos'tus.* [From ra'rus, “rare," 
 or “sparse," hence, “few," and cos’ta, a 
 “rib."] Having a small number of ribs. 
 
 Rar-i-tflo'rtis.* [From ra'rus, 
 
 “ sparse," or “ few," and flos, a “ flower."] 
 Having few flowers. 
 
 Rar-i-spi-no'sus.* [From ra'rus, 
 “ few," and spi’na, a “ thorn," or “ spine."] 
 Having few spines. 
 
 Has. = Rasu'rse .** “ Shavings." 
 
 Rash. An eruption on the skin. See 
 Exanthema. 
 
 Ra'sor, o 'vis# [From ra'do, ra'sum, 
 to “ scrape," “ scratch," or “ shave."] Ap- 
 plied in the plural ( Raso'res ) to an order 
 of birds which scratch the ground for 
 their food, as the common hen ; also 
 called Gallinaccse. 
 
 Ra-so'reS,* the plural of Rasor, 
 which see. 
 
 Rasp'a-to-rjv. [Raspato'riuin ; 
 
 from ra’do, ra'sum ?] An instrument for 
 rasping bones. See Scalprum. 
 
 Ra-sn'ra.* [From ra’do, ra’sum, to 
 “scrape," or “shave."] A shaving. 
 
 Elntanlfty. See Riiatanv. 
 
 Rato (Fr.). r&t. Sec Spleen. 
 
 Ratio (ra'she-o), o'nis.# [From re’ or, 
 ra'tus, to “suppose," “judge," or “think.’ ] 
 Originally, “reason," “thought," “de- 
 sign." Proportion: rate. The propor- 
 
RAT 
 
 REC 
 
 tion which one magnitude bears to an- 
 other of the same kind. 
 
 Rational, rash'un-al. [Ratioua'- 
 
 lis; from ra'tio , “ reason,” “method.”] 
 Conformable to reason, or to a well-rea- 
 soned plan. Often applied to a sound 
 course of practice, as opposed to empiri- 
 cism. 
 
 Rat’s Bane. Arsen ious acid. Also 
 applied to the seed of the Strychnos mix 
 vomica. 
 
 Rat' tie. (Fr. Rale, r&l.) A vulgar 
 term for the rattling sound in the throat 
 of dying persons, arising from the ac- 
 cumulation of mucus, or purulent mat- 
 ter. in the bronchia, etc. 
 
 Rat' tie-snake Root. The Polygala 
 senega. See Senega. 
 
 Rau, or Raw, Process of. The 
 processus gracilis of the malleus. 
 
 Rau-ce'do, e«l 'inis.% [From rau'eus, 
 “hoarse.”] Hoarseness, caused by an 
 inflamed state of the mucous membrane 
 of the larynx and trachea. 
 
 Ray. [Ra'dius.] A term for the 
 marginal flowers of a head (or compound 
 flower) when they are different from the 
 rest, as in the sunflower ; also, one of 
 the pedicels of an umbel. In Optics, a 
 beam of light propagated in a straight 
 line from some luminous point. Rays 
 are distinguished into — 
 
 1. Calorif'ic rays, which produce 
 heat ; the highest degree of caloric being 
 found in the red ray of the prismatic 
 spectrum. 
 
 2. Lu'mixous rays, which impart light; 
 the highest degree of illumination being 
 afforded by the brightest yellow or the 
 palest green of the prismatic spectrum. 
 
 3. Chem'ical rays, which cause neither 
 heat nor light, but produce chemical 
 changes. The greatest chemical action 
 is in the violet ray. 
 
 The term ray is also applied to the 
 bony or cartilaginous formations, more 
 or less numerous, which support the 
 membranous fins of fishes. See Radius. 
 
 Rays, Medullary. See Medullary 
 Rays. 
 
 Re. A Latin particle signifying 
 “again,” “back,” or “against;” hence 
 often implying resistance. Before a 
 vowel, a d is added, as redintegration for 
 re-integration. 
 
 Re-action. [Reac'tio, o 'nis ; from 
 re, “again,” or “back,” and a' go, ac'tum, 
 to “act.”] Literally, “acting back or 
 against;” also, “ acting again.” In Me- 
 chanics, the reciprocality of force exerted 
 by two bodies which act mutually on or 
 40 
 
 against each other. In Physiology, the 
 “acting again” of the vital powers aftei 
 they have been greatly depressed. Also 
 applied to the effect produced on the 
 system by irritants or stimuli, in which 
 the vital forces seem to resist the irritating 
 substance. The state or process of ap- 
 plying a reagent, or test, for detecting 
 the presence of certain other bodies. 
 
 Re-a/gent. [Rca'gens, en 'tis ; from 
 the same.] A substance employed in 
 chemical analysis to ascertain the quan- 
 tity or quality of the component parts 
 of bodies by reacting on their elements : 
 a test. 
 
 Re-al'gar. The protosulphuret of 
 arsenic; also called Arsenicum rub rum, 
 or “ Red Arsenic.” Realgar occurs native ; 
 it may also be formed artificially, by heat- 
 ing arsenious acid with sulphur. 
 
 Reaumur’s Scale. See Thermo- 
 meter. 
 
 Reauimiriacese,* ro-mu-re-a'she-e, 
 or rd-o-mu-re-a'she-e. [From Reanmu'- 
 ria, one of the genera.] A small natural 
 order of exogenous shrubs, found on the 
 coast of the Mediterranean and saline 
 plains of Northern Asia. 
 
 Re-ceiv'er. A vessel fitted to a re- 
 tort, alembic, or the like, tor receiving 
 the product of distillation. 
 
 Re-cop'ta-cle. [Receptae'uluni ; 
 from recip'io, reccp'tum, to “ receive.”] 
 Originally, a place to receive or keep 
 things in. Applied to the apex of the 
 flo^yer-stalk, on which all the organs of 
 a flower are situated; the axis of the 
 flower. 
 
 Re-cep-tac'u-lum Chy'Ii.* (“ Re- 
 ceptacle of the Chyle.”) (Fr. Reservoir 
 da Chyle, rd'zeR'vwk' dii sh<M.) A name 
 applied to the somewhat expanded lower 
 portion of the thoracic duct. 
 
 Re^'i-pe.* [Imperative mood of re- 
 dp’ io, to “ take.”] Constantly used in the 
 abbreviated form, as the commence- 
 ment of a medical prescription. 
 
 Rec-li-na'tion. [Reclina'tio, ©'?*/«; 
 from recli'no , reclina'tum, to “bend 
 back.”] One of the operations for cata- 
 ract, in which the lens is thrown back- 
 wards into the middle and towards the 
 bottom of the vitreous humor. 
 
 Re-cSined', or Rec'la-nate. [Rc- 
 clina'tus; from the same.] Bending 
 downwards. 
 
 Rec're-ment [from re, “again,” and 
 cer'nere , ere' turn, to “sift,” or “secrete”], 
 or Recrementitial (rek-re-men-tish'- 
 al) Mu'mor. Literally, “a returned 
 secretion,” — that is, a secretion, like the 
 465 
 
REC 
 
 REC 
 
 saliva, which, after haviilg been sepa- 
 rated from the Plood, is again given back 
 to it. 
 
 Rec-ru-des'sence. [Recrudes'- 
 cens; from recrudes' co, to “grow raw 
 and sore again.”] A growing worse 
 again ; an increase of a disease after a 
 temporary abatement. 
 
 Rect. == Rectified’ tus* “ Rectified.” 
 
 Rec-tal'gfi-a.* [From rectum, and 
 a\ya;, “pain.”] Pain of the rectum. The 
 same as Proctalgia. 
 
 Rec-tan'gle. [Rectau'gulus; from 
 rec'tus , “right,” and an'gulus, an “an- 
 gle.”] A right-angled parallelogram. 
 When the adjacent sides are equal, it 
 becomes a square. 
 
 Rec-tau gu-lar. [Reetang’ula'ris.] 
 
 Having right angles. 
 
 Rec-tem'bry-us.* [From rec'tus, 
 “straight,” and em'bryon, an “embryo.”] 
 Applied to a section of the Leguminosse, 
 containing those having the radicle of 
 the embryo straight. 
 
 Rec-ti-fi-ca'tiou. [Rectifica'ti©, 
 © 'nis ; from rectif ico, rectified' turn, to 
 “make right.”] A second or repeated 
 distillation, in which substances are 
 more perfectly purified. 
 
 Rec'ti-lied. [Rectiflca'tus ; from 
 the same.] Made more pure, or stronger. 
 
 Rectified Spirit. See Spiritus Rec- 
 
 TIFICATUS. 
 
 Rec-ti-liu'e-ar. [Rect Hindis; from 
 rec'tus, “ straight,” and li'nea, a “line.”] 
 Relating to, or bounded by, straight 
 lines. 
 
 Rec'ti-nerved. [Rectiner'vis; 
 
 from rec'tus, “straight,” and ner'vus, a 
 “nerve.”] Having straight nerves or 
 veins; parallel-veined. Applied to leaves. 
 
 Rec-ti-ros'tris.* [From rec'tus, 
 “straight,” and ros'trum, a “beak.”] 
 Having a straight beak. Applied to 
 shells, birds, etc.: rectirostrate. 
 
 Rec-ti'tis, i dis* [From rec'tum .] In- 
 flammation of the rectum. See Procti- 
 tis. 
 
 Rec-tri'ces,* the plural of Rectrix, 
 which see. 
 
 Rec'trix, tri'ew,* plural Rec-tri'- 
 ceS. [From re' go, rec’tum, to “guide.”] 
 The plumes of the tail of birds, which, 
 like a rudder, direct their flight. 
 
 Rec'tum.* [From rec'tus, “ straight.”] 
 The last, nearly straight, portion of the 
 large intestine, terminating at the anus. 
 
 Rec'tus . 5 [From re' go, rec’tum , to 
 “ru’e.”] Right; straight. Applied to 
 muse’es, etc. 
 
 Rec'tus Ab-doin'i-uis.* (“Straight 
 
 46C 
 
 [Muscle] of the Abdomen.”) A muscle 
 arising from the pubes, and inserted 
 into the three inferior true ribs and the 
 ensiform cartilage. It pulls down the 
 ribs in respiration. 
 
 Rec'tus Cap'X-tis,* plural Recti 
 Cap'i-tis. (“Straight [Muscles] of the 
 Head.”) The name of five muscle* 
 arising from the upper cervical vertebral, 
 and inserted into the occipital bone, 
 These are the Rec'tus cap'ltis anti' cm 
 ma'jor, Rec'tus cap' it is nnti'cus mi' nor, 
 Rec'tus cap'itis latera'lis, Rec'tus cop' U 
 tis posti'eus ma'jor , and Rec'tus cap'itis 
 posti'eus mi' nor, 
 
 Rec'tus Ex-ter'nus Oc'u-li.* (“Ex- 
 ternal Straight [Muscle] of the Eye.”) 
 A muscle arising from the optic foramen, 
 and inserted into the outer side of the 
 eye. It is also named abductor oculi , 
 from its turning the eye outwards. 
 
 Rec'tus Fem'o-ris.* (“Straight 
 [Muscle] of the Thigh.”) A muscle 
 arising by two heads from the ilium and 
 acetabulum, and inserted into the pa- 
 tella. It is sometimes called rectus cruris 
 (“Straight [Muscle] of the Leg”). It 
 extends the leg. 
 
 Rec'tus In-fe'ri-or Oc'u-li.* (“ In- 
 ferior Straight [Muscle] of the Eye.”) 
 A muscle arising from the lower part of 
 the optic foramen, and inserted opposite 
 to the rectus superior. It is also named 
 deprimens oculi, from its drawing the 
 eye downwards. 
 
 Rec'tus Xn-ter'nus Oc'u-li.* (“In- 
 ternal Straight [Muscle] of the Eye.”) 
 A muscle arising from the margin of the 
 optic foramen, and inserted into the 
 inner side of the eye. It is also named 
 adducens, from its drawing the eye 
 towards the nose. 
 
 Rec'tusSu-i>e'ri-©rOc'u-li. :;: (“Su- 
 perior Straight [Muscle] of the Eye.”) 
 A muscle arising from the upper part of 
 the optic foramen, and inserted into the 
 superior and fore part of the sclerotica. 
 It is also named aitollens or levator 
 oculi, from its office of raising the eye, 
 and the superbus (“proud”), from the ex- 
 pression which it imparts. 
 
 Re-cur'rent. [Recur' reus, en'tis; 
 from recur'ro, to “ run back.”] Running 
 back. Applied to a nerve, and to branches 
 of arteries, nerves, etc. ; also, returning 
 at intervals. 
 
 Re-cur- va'tion. [Recurva'ti©, 
 
 © 'nis; from recur' vo , recurra' turn, to 
 “bend back.”] A bending backwards. 
 Applied to the vertebral column. 
 
 Rc-curvcd', or Re-cur'vate. [Re* 
 
REC 
 
 REF 
 
 curva'tus, Recrar'vics ; from the 
 same.] Bent or curved backwards. Ap- 
 plied to plants. 
 
 Re-cur- vi-fo'li-us.* [From recur' vo, 
 to ‘‘bend back/’ and fo'lium, a “leaf/’] 
 Having leaves recurved or reflected at 
 their extremity. 
 
 Red Fire. A pyrotechnical com- 
 pound of nitrate of strontia, sulphur, 
 antimony, and chlorate of potash, burn- 
 ing with a red flame. 
 
 Red Gum. A popular name for 
 Stropli' ulus intertiiic'tus. 
 
 Red Fead. Minium, or red oxide of 
 lead. 
 
 Red Pre-cap 'i-tate. The IIydrar- 
 gyri Oxydum Rubrum, which see. 
 
 Red Root. One of the popular names 
 for the Ceano' thus America' iius, other- 
 wise called New Jer'sey Tea. A small 
 indigenous shrub, of the Linnseun class 
 Pentandria, natural order Rhamnacefe, 
 found in most parts of the United Stales. 
 It has small white flowers in clusters or 
 dense panicles, and ovate, acuminate, 
 and serrate leaves. The root is astrin- 
 gent, and imparts a red color to water. 
 During the Revolutionary War, the 
 leaves of this plant were used as a sub- 
 stitute for tea, on which account it has 
 recently attracted considerable attention. 
 An infusion of the dried leaves and 
 seeds has been recommended in aphthous 
 affections of the mouth, and in the sore 
 throat attending scarlet fever. 
 
 Red San'dal, Red Saun ders. The 
 wood of Pterocar'pus santali'nus. 
 
 Red. in pulv. = Redac'tus in pul'- 
 verem* “Reduced to powder.” 
 
 Redig. in pulv. = Rediga'tur in 
 pulverem .* “Let it be reduced to pow- 
 der.” 
 
 Re-d in 'te-grate. [ Red i n tegra ' t us ; 
 
 from re, “again,” and in'teger , “entire,” 
 “sound.”] Restored to soundness or 
 completeness ; renovated. 
 
 Re-din-te-gra tion. [Rediute- 
 gra'tio, o'nis; from the same.] A re- 
 storation to soundness; a reproduction 
 of a part of the body which has been 
 destroyed. 
 
 Re-duc'tiou. [Reduc'tio, o'nis; 
 from redu'eo , reduc'tnm, to “ bring back,” 
 to “reduce.”] The process by which 
 metals, changed or disguised by a union 
 with other substances, are restored to 
 their metallic state. It is generally ap- 
 plied to the restoration of metallic oxides. 
 In Surgery, the returning of a dislocated 
 bone into its natural situation. 
 
 Re-duc'tor, o'r ?«.* [From the same.] 
 
 A bringer or leader back. Applied to a 
 muscle of the vertebral column. 
 
 Re- du-pli-ca/tion. [Redupllica 
 tio, o'nis ; from re, “ again,” and du'- 
 plico, duplica'tum, to “double.”] The 
 act of doubling. Applied to the parox- 
 ysms of ague of a double type. 
 
 Re-fi'ning. The act of purifying 
 any thing; particularly the assaying cr 
 purifying gold and silver by separating 
 them from other bodies which are com- 
 bined with them. 
 
 Re-flect'. [From re, “again,” or 
 “back,” and flee' to, Jlec'iuin or flex' mv, 
 to “bend,” or “turn.”] To turn back. 
 (See Reflection.) To double back tn 
 itself, as a membrane. 
 
 Re-flec tion, cr Re-flex ion. [Re- 
 flec'tio, o'nis; from the same.] The 
 act of turning back cr reflecting. In 
 Mechanics, the rebound of a body from 
 the surface of another body against which 
 it impinges. In Natural Philosophj’, 
 the term is applied to analogous motions 
 of light, heat, and sound. In Obstetrics, 
 it is applied to a bending back of the 
 uterus. (See Retroveesio Uteri.) In 
 Anatomy, to a duplicaturc of a mem- 
 brane, etc. 
 
 Rcflec'tiion, An gle cf. The angle 
 made by the line of diiecaon of the re- 
 flected body or ray with a line which is 
 perpendicular to the reflecting surface. 
 
 Ke flex. [Reflex'us; see Reflec- 
 tion.] Applied to certain actions and 
 functions cf living beings. See next 
 article. 
 
 Reflex Ac'tiou. A term applied 
 to those involuntary movements caused 
 by some impression or irritatic n con- 
 veyed to the spinal marrow by the affer- 
 ent spinal nerves, in consequence of 
 which, an excitement or impulse is sent 
 back b} r the reflex spinal nerves, pro- 
 ducing the movements in question. Thus, 
 an irritation of the lining membrane of 
 the nostril causes the convulsive invol- 
 untary movement of the muscles of res- 
 piration, termed sneezing. 
 
 Re flex Function. Applied to cer- 
 tain functions of living beings, per- 
 formed through the medium of the reflex 
 nerves. 
 
 Re'fflex Spi'nal Nerves. Those of 
 the spinal system of nerves which con- 
 vey motor impulses from the spinal mar- 
 row in consequence of impressions made 
 upon the surface of the body. See Re- 
 flex Action. 
 
 Re-flexed'. Bent downwards or back- 
 wards. Applied to parts of plants. 
 
 467 
 
REF 
 
 REL 
 
 Reflexion. See Reflection. 
 
 Reflux. [Refltix'us; from re, 
 “back,” and flu' o, flux' um, to “flow.”] 
 The movement of the sea when it retires 
 after the flux or flow; the ebb. In 
 Physiology, the return of the blood from 
 the head, or from the lower half of the 
 body, to the heart. 
 
 Re-fract'ed. In Botany, suddenly 
 bent backwards. 
 
 Re-fraction. [Refrac'tio, o'nis; 
 from re, “ again,” or “ back,” and /ran'- 
 go, frac’ turn, to “ break.”] The devia- 
 tion of a ray of light from its original 
 direction on entering obliquely a me- 
 dium of a different density. The laws 
 which regulate the refraction of light 
 form the subject of that branch of Natu- 
 ral Philosophy called Dioptrics. 
 
 Double Refraction is a property of 
 certain transparent minerals, etc., as Ice- 
 land spar, by which they present two 
 images of any object seen through them. 
 A ray of light passing through these 
 media is separated into two distinct pen- 
 cils which pursue separate courses. 
 
 Re-frac'tive. [Refracti'vus: from 
 the same.] Pertaining to refraction ; 
 causing or producing refraction. 
 
 Re-frac'to-ry. [From re, “back,” 
 or “against,” implying resistance, and 
 /ran’ (jo, frac' turn, to “break,” to “sub- 
 due.”] Properly, “that will not or can- 
 not be subdued.” Applied to a substance 
 which it is difficult or impossible to melt. 
 
 Re-fran-gl-bil'I-ty. [Refrangi- 
 bil'itas, a 'tis; from the same.] The 
 tendency of luminous rays to be re- 
 fracted or bent in passing obliquely 
 from one transparent medium into an- 
 other, or in traversing a medium the 
 density of which is not uniform. 
 
 Re-fran'gi-ble. [Refrangib'ilis ; 
 from the same.] Susceptible of refrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Re-frig'e-rant. [Refrig'erans ; 
 
 from ref rig’ ero, ref rigera’ turn, to “cool,” 
 to “chill.”] Applied to medicines which 
 cool the body or blood. 
 
 Re-frig e-ra-to-ry. [Rcfrigera- 
 to rium; from the same.] A vessel 
 filled with cold water, for condensing 
 vapors or cooling substances. 
 
 Re-gen-e-ra'tion. f Regenera'tio, 
 o 'nix; from re, “again,” or “anew,” and 
 gen’ ero, genera' turn, to “generate.”] Ap- 
 plied in Physiology to the reproduction 
 of a part or substance lost by disease or 
 injury. See Redintegration. 
 
 Re'gl-a A qua.* (“Royal Water.”) 
 See Nitro-Muriatic Acid. 
 
 463 
 
 Regl-men, m'inis* [From re 1 go, 
 to “rule,” or “regulate.”] A Latin 
 word signifying “ government,” or “regu- 
 lation:” applied to the regulation of the 
 diet. A rational and methodical course 
 of life in respect to food, etc. 
 
 Region. [Re'gio, o'/tta.] A par- 
 ticular portion of the body; especially 
 used in reference to a particular organ 
 or viscus, as the region of the liver, 
 heart, kidney, etc. 
 
 Reg'u-lar. [Regula'ris; from reg’- 
 ula, a “rule.”] Applied to flowers in 
 which the members of each floral circle 
 (i.e. the corolla or calyx) are alike in 
 shape and size. 
 
 Regular Solids. See Solid. 
 
 Reg-u-lar-i-flo'rus.* [From regu- 
 la’ris, “regular,” and foe, a “flower.”] 
 Applied to the head and the disk of the 
 Synantherse, when composed of flowers 
 with regular corols. 
 
 Reg'u-lus.* [Diminutive of rex, 
 re’ g is, a “king.”] A pure metal reduced 
 from its ore. 
 
 Reg. umb. = Re’gio umbili’ci .** “ Re- 
 gion of the navel.” 
 
 Re-gur-gi-ta lion. [Regurgita'- 
 tio, o’nis ; from re, “again,” or “back,” 
 and gur’ges, a “flood,” a “flowing.”] A 
 flowing back ; a flowing the wrong way. 
 Applied, for example, to the flowing back 
 of the blood from the ventricles into the 
 auricles of the heart. 
 
 Re-la'tions, Or-gan'ic. A term 
 applied to the relations subsisting be- 
 tween different parts of the animal 
 economy. They may be ranked under 
 three different heads : — 
 
 1. Mechanical Relations, or such as 
 depend upon the position of parts, in 
 consequence of which, if one organ be 
 displaced (or greatly enlarged), the free 
 and healthy operation of an adjacent 
 organ is interfered with : thus, in cases 
 of prolapsus uteri, urination is sometimes 
 rendered difficult and painful. 
 
 2. Functional Relations, or those where- 
 by the healthy condition of one organ 
 depends upon the healthy operation of 
 another: thus, if there be derangement 
 in either the respiratory or digestive 
 function, the blood fails to communicate 
 a healthful stimulus to the heart, and 
 the function of the latter organ becomes 
 consequently impaired. 
 
 3. Sympathetic Relations, or those 
 which depend upon the nervo'as sympa- 
 thy subsisting between diffeient parts. 
 Sec Sympathy. 
 
 Rclaxantia,* re-lax-an'sne-a, Re* 
 
REL 
 
 REP 
 
 lax'ants. (Fr. Reldchant, reh-l&'shoN 0 '.) 
 [From relax' o, relaxa'tum, to “ loosen.”] 
 Applied to substances which relax and 
 soften parts that are inflamed. 
 
 Rel-ax-a/tion. [Relaxa'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The act of relaxing, or 
 state of being relaxed. In Physiology, 
 the reverse of contraction or tension. 
 
 Re-li'qul-se, a 'rum.* [From relin’- 
 quo, to “ leave.”] Relics. Applied to or- 
 ganic remains, as fossil Zoophytes, Crus- 
 taceans, etc. 
 
 Re-me'di-um Ca-tliol'i-coii.* A 
 
 panacea. See Catholicon. 
 
 Rcin'e-dy. [Reme'dium; from re, 
 “ again,” and me' dear, to “heal.”] That 
 which is employed in the treatment of 
 diseases, whether palliative, preventive, 
 or curative. 
 
 Rem'i-g’es.* [Plural of re'mex, rem'- 
 igis, a “ rower,” or “ oarsman.”] Applied 
 to strong, stiff feathers in the wings of 
 birds, the action of which is compared 
 to that of oars. 
 
 Re-mis'sion. [Remis'sio, o 'nis; 
 from remit' to, remix' sum, to “ remit,” to 
 “relax.”] An abatement or diminution 
 of febrile symptoms occurring between 
 the accessions of remittent fever. Also 
 applied to the abatement of the symptoms 
 of continuous fever. 
 
 Re-mit'tent. [Remit'tens ; from 
 the same.] Applied to disorders the 
 symptoms of which abate considerably 
 and then return again and again until 
 the disease is overcome or proves fatal. 
 
 Remit 'tent Fe'ver. [Lat. Fe'foris 
 Remit'tens; Fr. Fienre Remittent, e, 
 fe-evu' ri'm^t'toxt'.) The name given 
 to any fever which abates, but does not 
 wholly cease, at regular intervals. See 
 Epanetus. 
 
 Rem'o-ra. :!: [From rem'oror, to 
 
 “hinder,” or “stop.”] A stoppage, or 
 stagnation. Also applied to surgical in- 
 struments used to retain parts in their 
 place (in situ). 
 
 Re-mo-ti-fo'la-ais.* [From remo'tus, 
 “distant,” and f o' Hum , a “leaf.”] Ap- 
 plied to leaves distant from each other. 
 
 Ren,* gen. Re'nis. The kidney ; the 
 gland by which the urine is secreted. 
 
 Re nal. [Rena'lis; from ren, the 
 * kidney.”] Belonging to the kidney. 
 
 Re'nal Ap'o-plex-y. Another name 
 for Ischu'ria rena'lis. 
 
 Renal Calculus. SeeNsPHROLiTHOs. 
 
 Renal Glands or Cap'sules. 
 [Olan'dulse or Cap'sulse Rena'les.] 
 The renal (suprarenal) glands or atra- 
 biliary capsules. 
 
 40 * 
 
 Ren'cu-lus.* [Diminutive of ren, 
 the “ kidney.”] The name of each dis 
 tinct lobe of the kidney in tk3 embryo 
 of the Mammalia. 
 
 Ren-i-fo'li-us.* [From ren, re'nis, 
 the “kidney,” and fo'lium , a “leaf.”] 
 Having reniform leaves: renifo'lious. 
 
 Ren'i-form. [ Ren i for' mis; from 
 ren, re'nis, the “kidney.”] Formed like 
 the kidney. Applied to a roundish cor- 
 date leaf, of which the lateral dimension 
 exceeds the length from the base to the 
 apex. 
 
 Ren net, or Run'iiet. Applied to a 
 fluid made by infusing the rennet-bag, or 
 inner coat or membrane of a calf’s sto- 
 mach, in hot water; also to the mem- 
 brane itself. It has the property of co- 
 agulating milk. 
 
 Renoneiile, reh-noN°'kul'. The 
 French name for Ranunculus. See RA- 
 NUNCULI. 
 
 Re-pan<l'. [Repan'dns.] Bowed, 
 or waved. Applied to a leaf of which 
 the margin is slightly waved, or sinuate. 
 
 Repanditas. See Lordosis. 
 
 Re-pel'lent. [Repel lens; from re- 
 pel'lo, to “ beat or drive back.”] Driving 
 back. Applied to medicines which cause 
 diseases to recede from the surface. 
 
 Re'pent. [Re'pens; from re'po , 
 to “creep.”] Creeping on the ground. 
 Applied to plants and reptiles. 
 
 Re-per-cussive. [From re, “back,” 
 and percu'tio, perens' sum, to “strike,” or 
 “ beat.”] The same as Repellent, which 
 see. 
 
 Reperoutiens (rep-er-ku'she-ens), 
 en'tf/s.* [From the same.] The same 
 as Repellent, which see. 
 
 Rep et. = Repeta'tur,* or Repetan'- 
 tur .* “ Let it, or them, be repeated.” 
 
 Re-ple'tion. [Reple'tio, o 'nis; 
 from lep'leo, reple'tum, to “fill up.”] 
 The state or condition of being full, or 
 gorged. The same as Plethora, which 
 see. 
 
 Rep'li-eate, or Rep'll-ea-tive. 
 [Replicati'vus ; from re, “again,” or 
 “back/’ and pli'eo, plica' turn, to “fold.”] 
 Folded back. Applied to aestivation 
 when the floral organs are folded in- 
 wards upon themselves, and to verna- 
 tion when the upper part of the leaves is 
 folded bnck and applied to the lower. 
 
 Re 'plum.* A Latin word signifying 
 a leaf of a door. In Botany, a framelike 
 placenta from which the valves of the 
 pod fall away in dehiscence, as in the 
 Papareracese, etc. 
 
 Reprimentia,* rep-re-men'she-a. 
 
 469 
 
REP 
 
 RES 
 
 [■From rep'rimo, to “ repress.”] “ Repress- 
 ing Medicines/’ Remedies for fluxes; as 
 astringents, acid stimulants, etc. 
 
 Rep'ri-ments. The same as Rep- 
 rimentia, which see. 
 
 Re-pro-duc'tion. [Reproduc'tio, 
 o' nia ; from re, “ again,” and produ'co, 
 prodnc't-um , to “ bring forth/’ to ‘•pro- 
 duce.’’] The production by organized 
 bod es of others similar to themselves. 
 
 Re-pro-iluc'tive. [Reproslucti'- 
 vus : from the same.] Producing again ; 
 adapted for reproduction. 
 
 Reproductive Organs of 
 Plants. The stamens and pistils. 
 
 Rep'tant. [Rep' tans ; from rep' to, 
 to “ creep.”] Creeping. The same as 
 Repent. 
 
 Rep-ta'tion. [Repta'tio, o 'nia/ 
 from rep' to, repta'tum, to “creep.”] Creep- 
 ing. The mode of progression proper to 
 serpents and certain Invertebrata . 
 
 Rep'tile. [See Reptilis.] A cold- 
 blooded vertebrate animal which creeps 
 on the ground. 
 
 Rep-tili-a,* the plural of Reptilis, 
 which see. 
 
 Rep'ti-lis.^ [From re'po, rep* turn, 
 to “creep.”] A reptile; any thing that 
 creeps. Applied in the plural neuter 
 ( ReptiVia ) to a class of animals which 
 have either no feet, as the serpents, or 
 feet so short, as the lizards, that they 
 creep with their bodies close to the 
 ground. 
 
 Rep-ti-liv'o-rous. [Reptiliv'o- 
 rus; from rep'tilis, a “reptile,” and 
 vo'ro, to “devour.”] Eating or devour- 
 ing reptiles. Applied to birds. 
 
 Re-pul'sion. [Repul'sio, o'nis; 
 from repel' lo, repul' sum, to “ drive back,” 
 or “repel.”] That power or tendency 
 which impels the particles of matter to 
 separate, and is in constant opposition 
 to attraction. This repulsive force, which 
 is inherent in all matter, is by many sup- 
 posed to be produced by caloric. 
 
 Re-pul's! ve. [Rcpulsi'vus; from 
 the same.] Producing repulsion. Some- 
 times applied to double refraction when 
 the extraordinary ray is more removed 
 from the axis than the ordinary, and this 
 is situated between it and the axis. 
 
 Repulsive Force. See Repulsion. 
 
 Re-sec tion. [Resec'tio, o’ nia; 
 from rea'eco, reaec'tum, to “cut off.”] A 
 variety of amputation. 
 
 Re-se'da Ibu-te'o-la.* A European 
 plant called Weld, or Dyers’ Weed, 
 which was once used as a diaphoretic 
 and diuretic. 
 
 470 
 
 Reseilacese,* res-e-da'she-e. A small 
 natural order of exogenous plants, mostly 
 herbaceous, comprising the Rese'da (Mig- 
 nonette), highly prized for its fragrance. 
 
 Reservoir du Fhyle, ri-zeR'vwk' 
 dii shel. The French term for Recep- 
 taculum Chyli, which see. 
 
 Re-sid'u-uin.* [From resi'deo, to 
 “remain.”] The residue. Applied to 
 that which is left after any process of 
 separation or purification. 
 
 Re-si'na,* plural Re-si'nae. [Gr. 
 /5 ririuij; from psco, to “flow.”] A resin. 
 The Pharmacopoeia! name for a vegetable, 
 solid, inflammable substance; the resi- 
 duum of the turpentines of various spe- 
 cies of Pinas and Abies. 
 
 Resi na Al ba.- (“White Resin.”) 
 Obtained from the Pinas sylvestris, etc. ; 
 also, the residuum of the distillation of 
 turpentine in a particular state of purity. 
 
 Resi'na Fla'va.* (“Yellow Resin.”) 
 Applied to the residuum after the dis- 
 tillation of the volatile oil from the tur- 
 pentines: sometimes called Calopho'nia, 
 or Coloph' onj, in the United States popu- 
 larly termed rosin. 
 
 Resi'na Ja-la'pae- (“Resin of Ja- 
 lap”) is prepared in precisely the same 
 manner as the Resina Podopiiylli, 
 which see. 
 
 Resi'na Xi'gra.* (“ Black Resin.”) 
 Applied to a coarser kind of resin. 
 
 Resi'na Pod-o-paiyl'li. :: * (“Resin of 
 May-Apple.”) Take of May-apple, in 
 fine powder, sixteen troyounces ; alcohol, 
 water, each a sufficient quantity. Moisten 
 the May-apple with four fluidounces of 
 alcohol, pack it firmly in a cylindrical 
 percolator, and gradually pour alcohol 
 upon it until four pints have passed, or 
 until the filtered liquid ceases to occa- 
 sion turbidness when dropped into water. 
 Reduce the tincture to half a pint by 
 distilling off the alcohol, mix the residue 
 with four pints of water, separate the 
 precipitate formed, wash it thoroughly 
 with water, and dry it with a gentle heat. 
 This preparation, directed by the U.S. 
 Pharmacopoeia, is essentially the same 
 substance as Podophyllin, which see. 
 
 Re-si'nse,* the plural of Resina, 
 which see. 
 
 Res-i-na'tus.'* [From resi'na, “ re- 
 sin.”] Belonging to, or having, resin. 
 
 Reft-l-uif er-ous. [ Resin items ; 
 
 from resi'na, “ resin,” and fe'ro , to 
 “bear.”] Bearing or affording re-dn 
 
 Resin-I-form. [ Resinifor'iiiis ; 
 
 from resi'na, “resin.”] Having the ap- 
 pearance of a resin. 
 
RES 
 
 RET 
 
 ReS'i-noi<l. [Resinoi'des; from 
 resi'na, “ resin, ” and eliog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling resin. 
 
 Res-I-no'sa.* Resinous stimulants. 
 Vegetable stimulants which owe the 
 whole of their activity to resin. 
 
 Resi-noiis. [Resino'sus ; from 
 resi’na , “ resin.”] Resembling, contain- 
 ing, or consisting of resin. 
 
 Re-sis'itance. [ Resist antia: from 
 rests' to, to “stand still,” to “stop,” to 
 “ withstand.”] Applied in Mechanics and 
 Physiology to a force or power acting in 
 opposition to another force or power, so 
 a3 to destroy or diminish its effect. 
 
 Res Mat-u-ra'le§.* (“Natural 
 Things.”) A term formerly applied to 
 the elements, humors, etc. which were 
 supposed to constitute the nature or life 
 of man. 
 
 Res Non-nat-u-ra'leS.* (“Non- 
 natural Things.”) Those principal 
 things and substances which contribute 
 to the support of life; viz., air, meat 
 and drink, motion and rest, sleep, etc. 
 
 Res-o-lu'tion. [Resolu'tio, o 'nis; 
 from resol’vo , resoln’tum , to “unbind,” 
 to “ resolve.”] The act of resolving or 
 solving; analysis; decomposition. One 
 of the terminations of inflammation, in 
 which it gradually disappears without 
 abscess or mortification. 
 
 Re-sol'vent. [Resol'vens ; from 
 the same.] Applied to substances that 
 discuss inflammatory or other tumors; 
 di cu'tient. 
 
 Res'o-iiaiiee. [From res'ono, to 
 “resound.”] ( Yr.Retentissement , reh-tbN a '- 
 t&ss'moNo', or Resonance, r&'zo'noNSs'.) 
 A preternatural resounding of the voice, 
 or its sounding in a port where it is not 
 heard in health. A pathognomonic symp- 
 tom in certain morbid conditions of the 
 lungs. 
 
 Re-sorp'tion. [Resorp'tio, o ’nis; 
 from re, “again,” and sor’beo, sorp'tum, 
 to “ drink up,” to “ swallow.”] The ab- 
 sorption of a fluid or substance which 
 has been previously deposited. Some- 
 times applied to the degeneration of an 
 organ, or part, resulting in atrophy. 
 
 Re-spa-ra-bili-ty. [Respirabil'- 
 itas, a 'tis; from respi’ro , respira'tum , 
 to “ breathe.”] The quality of a gas 
 proper for respiration. 
 
 Re-spi'ra-ble. [Respirab'ilis; 
 from the same.] Applied to a gas fit for 
 respiration. 
 
 Res-pi-ra'tion. [Respira'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The function of breath- 
 ing, including both inspiration and ex- 
 
 piration ; the function by which the 
 nutrient circulating fluid of an organized 
 body is submitted to the influence of air 
 for the purpose of changing its pro- 
 perties. 
 
 Respiration, Bron'chi-al. Ap- 
 plied to a kind of respiration in which 
 there is a sound of air passing through 
 the bronchial tubes without entering the 
 minute air-cells. 
 
 Respira'tion, Cav'er-nous. That 
 in which there is a sound of air passing 
 from the bronchia into large morbid cavi- 
 ties, instead of the air-cells, 
 
 Respira'tion, I*u'e-rIIe. That in 
 which there is a sound like the respiration 
 of infants. 
 
 Res'pi-ra-to-ry. [Respirato'rius ; 
 
 from respi’ro, respira'ttnn , to “ breathe.”] 
 Pertaining to respiratic n. 
 
 Res'piratory Mur mur. The mur- 
 muring sound heard from the lungs of 
 a healthy adult, produced by the pene- 
 tration of the air into the pulmonary 
 tissue and its expulsion from it. 
 
 Res'piratory Tract. The middle 
 column of the spinal marrow, described 
 by Sir Charles Bell as that from which 
 the respiratory nerves originate. 
 
 Restiacese,* res-te-a'slie-e. [From 
 Rcs'tio , one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of endogenous glumaceous plants, 
 found in South Africa and Australia. 
 
 Res-ti-for'inis.* [From res' tis, a 
 “rope,” or “ cord.”] Res'tiform; having 
 the appearance of a c< rd or rope. See 
 Corpora Restiformia. 
 
 Re-su'pi-nate. [Resiipiiia'tus ; 
 from resupi’no , resupina'tum, to “ turn 
 upside down.”] Having the lower sur- 
 face turned upward. 
 
 Re-sus-^i-ta'tioii. [Resuscita'tio, 
 o ’nis; from re, “ again,” and sns’cito, sus- 
 cita’tum, to “ wake,” to “ excite,” to “ raise 
 up.”] The act of restoring to life those 
 who are apparently dead. 
 
 Re-tar-da'tioii. [Retarda'tfo, 
 o’ nis; from retar’ do, retarda' turn, to “hin- 
 der,” or “retard.”] A stopping, or 
 hindering. Applied to delay of child- 
 birth. 
 
 Retell 'mg 1 . [VoBiiituri'tio, o'ms. l 
 Continued involuntary efforts to vomit, 
 without effect. 
 
 Re'te,* or Re 'tis.* A net or net- 
 work. Any interlacement of fibres, 
 nerves, or vessels, like network. 
 
 Rete Malpig’Biai. See Rete Muco- 
 sum. 
 
 Re'te Ma-rab'i-le.* (“Wondrous 
 Network.”) The network of blood- 
 471 
 
RET 
 
 RET 
 
 vessels at the base of the brain of quad- 
 rupeds. 
 
 Re'te Mu-co'sum.* (“ Mucous Net- 
 work.”) A mucous substance between 
 the derma and epidermis, containing the 
 coloring matter of the skin; best exhi- 
 bited in the negro. 
 
 Re'te Tes'tis.* (“ Network of the 
 Testis.”) The tubular structure, or min- 
 gling of the Tubuli recti, on the back of 
 the Tunica albuginea testis. 
 
 Re-ten 'tion. [Reten'tio, o 'nis; 
 from retin' eo, reten'tum, to “ hold back,” 
 to “ retain.”] The keeping back, or stop- 
 page, of any of the excretions, particu- 
 larly the urine. 
 
 Retention of the Menses. See 
 
 Emansio M ensium, and Amenorrhcea. 
 
 Retentissement, reh-tdNa't6ss'moN Q '. 
 A French term for Resonance, which see. 
 
 Re-tic'u-lar. [Reticularis; from 
 re'te, a “net.”] Pertaining to, or re- 
 sembling, a net. 
 
 Re-tic'u-lat-ed, or Re-tic'n-late. 
 [Reticula' tus; from the same.] Formed 
 like a net; netted; as reticulated or netted- 
 veined leaves, which are almost universal 
 in exogenous plants. They present two 
 general forms of venation, the feather- 
 veined and the radiate-veined. 
 
 Re-tic'u-lum.* [Diminutive of re'te , 
 a “net.”] A little not. Applied to the 
 second stomach of the Ruminantia. 
 
 Re-tif 'er-ous. [Retif ' erws ; from 
 re'te, a “net,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Marked with, or having, lines like a net. 
 
 flet'i-form. [Retifor'mis ; from 
 re'te, a “net.”] Formed like a net. 
 
 Ret'I-na.* [From re'te, a “ net.”] 
 The organ of visual perception, the most 
 internal membrane of the eye, being an 
 expansion of the optic nerve. It con- 
 sists of three layers; the external, or 
 Jacob’s membrane, the middle, or ner- 
 vous, and the internal, or vascular mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Rei-i-iiac'u-Ium,* plural Ret-i- 
 nac'u-la. [From retin' eo, to “ hold 
 baek.”J A stay, or tie. Applied in 
 Anatomy to th e frspnum, or fold of mem- 
 brane, continued from each commissure 
 of the ilio-caecal and ilio-colic valves 
 round on the inner side of the cmcum. 
 In B >tany, a viscous globular corpuscle, 
 to which is attached the small pedicle 
 which sustains the masses of pollen in 
 the Orchids. In Surgery, it is applied to 
 an instrument for keeping the bowels or 
 other parts in their place in certain ope- 
 rations. 
 
 Rct'I-nerved. [Retiner'vis; from 
 
 472 
 
 re'te, a “net,” and ner'rus, a “nerve.”] 
 The same as Reticulated, which see. 
 
 Ret-I-ni'tis, i dis.* Inflammation of 
 the retina. 
 
 Ret'i-pe<l. [Ret'ipes, ^>'edis; from 
 re'te, a “ net,” and pes, a “ loot.”] Hav- 
 ing the skin of the legs divided into 
 small polygonous scales. Applied to cer- 
 tain birds. 
 
 Re-tort'. [Retor'ta; from retor'queo, 
 retor'tum, to “ twist or turn back ;” named 
 from the bend in the neck.] A vessel 
 made of glass, earthenware, or iron, for 
 the purpose of distillation. 
 
 Retort, Tu'bu-lat-ed. A retort 
 having a small hole in the roof. 
 
 Re-trac'tile. [Retrac'tilis; from 
 re, “ again,” or “ back,” and tra'ho, trac' - 
 turn, to “ draw.”] Capable of being 
 drawn back. Applied to nails or claws 
 when the phalanx which bears them is 
 articulated in such a manner that, in re- 
 pose, they are withdrawn to the superior 
 part of the toe. 
 
 Re-trac-til'I-ty. [Retractil'itas, 
 
 a 'tis; from the same.] The quality of a 
 part that is retractile. 
 
 Retrac'tion. [Retrac'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The shortening of a 
 broken limb, the contraction of the mus- 
 cles forcing the broken ends of the bone to 
 glide by each other, as in oblique fractures. 
 
 Re-trac'tor.* [From the same.] A 
 piece of linen employed in amputation 
 for drawing the divided muscles upward, 
 and thus keeping every part of the 
 wound out of the way of the saw. 
 
 Ret'ra-lieiis.* [From the same.] 
 Drawing back ; retracting. 
 
 Ret'rafliens Ati'ris.* (“Retracting 
 [Muscle] of the Ear.”) A name given 
 to the posterior auris muscle, from its 
 action in drawing back the ear. 
 
 R^trecissement, r&'tr.Vs&ss'moN 0 '. 
 The French term for Stricture, which 
 see. 
 
 Ret-ro-ce'<lent. [Retroce'dens ; 
 
 from re'tro, “backwards,” and ce'do, to 
 “ go,” or “ move.”] Going back, or going 
 from the outer part of tho body to an 
 interior organ, as gout, rheumatism, etc. 
 
 Ret'ro-curved. Tho same as Re- 
 curved. 
 
 Ret'ro-flexed. [Retroflex us; 
 
 from re'tro, “backwards,” and Jlcc'to , 
 flex' um, to “bend.”] The same as Re- 
 flexed. 
 
 Retroflex'io (ret-ro-flek'she-o/ U'te- 
 ri.* A bending back of the womb. Some- 
 times used in the same manner as Retro- 
 ve rsio Uteri. 
 
RET 
 
 RHA 
 
 Ret-ro-flex'ion. [Retroflex 'io, 
 
 o 'nis; from tho same.] A bending back- 
 wards. 
 
 Retro-grade. [Retrogrades; 
 
 from rc'tro, “ backwards/’ and yra'dior, to 
 “go.”] Going back or backwards; re- 
 trocedent. 
 
 Retrover'sio (ret-ro-ver'she-o) TJ'te- 
 ri.* A displacement of the uterus in 
 which the fundus is thrown downwards 
 below the promontory of the sacrum, 
 while the os and cervix are forced up- 
 wards and forwards against or over the 
 symphysis pubis. 
 
 Ret-ro-ver'sion. [Retrover'sio, 
 
 o'nis; from re’tro , “ backwards/’ and ver’- 
 to, ver'sum, to “ turn.”] A turning back- 
 wards. Applied to the bladder, uterus, 
 etc. 
 
 Ret-r©-vert'e<l. [From re’tro , 
 “backwards,” and ver'to, to “ turn.”] In 
 Botany, turned back or over; turned up- 
 side down. 
 
 Re-toBse'. [Retni'suis; from retun' do, 
 retu'sum , to “ make blunt.”] Slightly 
 notched at a rounded apex. Applied to 
 leaves. 
 
 Re-ver-l>e-ra'tioii. [Reverbera'- 
 tio, o'nis; from re, “again,” or “back,” 
 and ver’bero, verbera'tum, to “strike,” or 
 “beat.”] Reflection of light, heat, or 
 sound. 
 
 Re-ver-ber-a-to'ri-um. ;!: [From the 
 same.] The metallic concave plate ap- 
 pended to lamps for the purpose of in- 
 creasing the intensity of their light. 
 
 Re-ver'ber-a-to-ry Far'nace. One 
 in which, by its peculiar construction, 
 the flame is thrown back, or reverberated, 
 upon the substance or body exposed to 
 its action. 
 
 Rev'e-ry, or Rov'e-rie. [Fr. Rever, 
 to “muse.”] Absence of mind; a loose 
 or extravagant train of thoughts; mental 
 aberration. See Aphelxia. 
 
 Re-viv-I-fi-ca/lu<o>BB. [From re, 
 “again,” vi'vtis, “alive,” and fa’ do, to 
 “make.”] Making alive; recovery of 
 life : a phenomenon oqcurring in some 
 animalcules, as the Rotifer redi virus. 
 
 Rev'o-I&ite. [Revoltin' tins; from 
 revol’vo, revoln’tum , to “roll back.”] 
 Rolled back. Applied to the margins of 
 leaves. 
 
 Rev-o-lai'tBim. [RevolUi'tlo, o’nis; 
 from the same.] The act of revolving. 
 In Astronomy, the movement which a 
 heavenly body performs, between its de- 
 parture from a given point in its orbit, 
 and its return to the same point; also, 
 the interval of time spent in such act of 
 
 revolving. Also applied to the rotation 
 of a heavenly body on its axis. 
 
 Re-vul'sant. [Reviil'saBis; from re, 
 “back,” and v el' lo, mil' sum, to “pull,” or 
 “draw;” ^o “draw off.”] Drawing off; 
 deriving. See Derivative. 
 
 Re-vul'slon. [Revinl'sno, o'nis; 
 from the same.] Literally, a “drawing 
 back,” or “drawing off.” A pulling or 
 drawing off, as of the hair, teeth, etc. 
 Usually applied to the action of medi- 
 cines which, by producing irritation in 
 one part, draw off diseased action from 
 another. 
 
 Rex Met-aS-lo'rmn.* (“ King of 
 Metals.”) An alchemical name lor gold. 
 
 RlBa-bar'lKB-rmnB.* [From Rka, tho 
 Volga, a river in Russia, and bar' barns . 
 “wild.”] Tournefort’s name for Rheum. 
 which see. 
 
 Rlha-eM-ae'tis.* [From faxis, the 
 “spine.”] Belonging to the spine. 
 
 Rha-(iti'a-^ra. ::: [From f)aX l s, the 
 
 “spine,” and uypa, a “seizure.”] Gout 
 or severe pain in the spinal region. Also 
 spelled Radii say ra. 
 
 R3ia-cItoI-iy'&B-a.* [From p: i\is, the 
 “spine,” and <iAyoj, “pain.”] Pain oc- 
 curring in the spine, or vertebral column. 
 
 RDna-cSii-aB-j^i'lis, i dis.% Inflam- 
 
 matory rhaehialgia. 
 
 RBna-cM-as'rmis.* [From i>aX l s, the 
 “ spine.”] Applied by M. Hall to the 
 first symptoms of epilepsy, consisting in 
 a spasmodic action of muscles at the 
 back of the neck. 
 
 RBna-eM-o-caEnp'sis.* [From 
 the “spine,” and K.pipts, a “bending.”] 
 Curvature of the spine. 
 
 Rfli>a-eIliii-oeEii'5 r -SBS.* [From/'?*'?, the 
 “spine,” and \wij, a “pouring.”] Ac- 
 cumulation of water in the vertebral 
 column. 
 
 RQna'elii-o-^y-pEBo'sis.* [From 
 the “ spine,” and a “ bowing.”] 
 
 A ifibbus, or hump on the back. 
 
 Rlka-eEBi-o-dyia'i-sw* [From pa\is, 
 the “ spine,” and odvsri, “ pain.”] Pain 
 in the back, spasmodic or hmmorrhoidal, 
 but not purely nervous. 
 
 Rlna-eDBi-o-my-e-Bi'tis,i<L's.* [From 
 fjcixis, the “spine,” and mj/eli'tis , “in- 
 flammation of the marrow.”] Inflamma- 
 tion of the spinal marrow. 
 
 Rika - -cEni - o - my - e - lopli ' tliB - sis.* 
 [From pix^, the “spine,” ixvsXog, “mar- 
 row,” and cpOicng, “ wasting.”] The same 
 as Tabes Dorsalis, which see. 
 
 REua-cSQi-o-iKt-B’al'y-sis.* [From 
 /5 axis, the “ spine,” and paral'ysis.] Paral- 
 ysis of the spinal marrow. 
 
 473 
 
RHA 
 
 RHE 
 
 Rtia-clii-sr-rbeu'ma, a 'tig.* [From 
 the ‘Repine,” and pevpa, a “ flux/’ or 
 “ humor.”] Applied to rheumatism of 
 the back. 
 
 Rtia'dii-o-sco-ll-o'ma, a tis.* [From 
 $d\is, the “ spine,” and oicdKioapa, a “curve.”] 
 Lateral curvature of the spine. 
 
 Rha-chi-o-sco-ll-osis.* The pro- 
 gress or formation of rhachioscolioma . 
 
 Rha-chi-ofo-imim,* or Rha-ehi- 
 ot'o-mns. $ [From pd\is, the “spine,” 
 and TCfr'U), to “cut.”] An instrument 
 for opening the spinal canal : a rachio- 
 tome. 
 
 Rha-ebi-ot'o-my. [Rhachioto'- 
 inia: from the same.] Dissection of the 
 spine. 
 
 Rha'ehis, $ or Ra'chis.* [Gr. pj-X's*] 
 The spine, or vertebral column. Applied 
 in Botany to the axis of inflorescence 
 when covered with sessile flowers, as a 
 spike. Also, the rib, or leaf-stalk, of 
 ferns. 
 
 Rltacltisagra. See Rhachiagra. 
 
 Rliacliitis. See Rachitis. 
 
 Rha-co'des.* [From piKo; y a “ ragged 
 garment;” in the plural pawa, “wrin- 
 kles.”] Wrinkled, or full of wrinkles. 
 
 Rha-co'ma, a tis.® [From paxocx), to 
 “tear into strips.”] A rent or chapped 
 portion of the skin. Also, a lax or pen- 
 dulous condition of the scrotum. 
 
 Rha-co'sis.* The progress of rha- 
 coma. 
 
 Rliag'a-des.* [Plural of payds, a 
 “rent,” or “chink.”] Clefts, chaps, or 
 excoriations of the skin, especially of 
 the anus. 
 
 Rliamnacese,* ram-na'she-e, or 
 Rliam'ni.* A natural order of exoge- 
 nous trees arid shrubs, found in all parts 
 of the world except the arctic regions. 
 It includes the Rham’nus tr cingula , which 
 yields the best charcoal for gunpowder, 
 and Zizyphus , from which jujube is pro- 
 cured. 
 
 Rliam'ni,* the plural of Rham'nus, 
 forming the Jussieuan name of an order 
 of plants. See Rhamnace,®. 
 
 Rliainmis. A Linnaean genus of 
 the class Pcntanclria , natural order 
 Rhamnacese. Also, the Pharinacopoeial 
 name (Lond. and Dub. Ph.) of the Iiham- 
 nun catharticu*. 
 
 Rtiam'nus Ca^tliar'tl-ciis.* The 
 
 purging buckthorn. 
 
 Kliat'a-ii^. [Rtiata'nia.] The root 
 of the Krameria Triandra, which see. 
 
 Rtoeg'ma,at/«,*or Rhex'is.* [From 
 P 7 yt"yit, to “ break,” or “ burst.”] A rent, 
 rupture, or fracture of a part, applied to 
 474 
 
 the eyeball, bones, etc. ; also, the opening 
 or bursting of an abscess. 
 
 Rheg’-ma-to'des.* [From prjypa, a 
 “fracture,” or “rent.”] Having a rent, 
 tear, or rupture. 
 
 Rheg-ma-to-i'des.* [From pnypa, a 
 “fracture,” or “rent,” and udo;, a 
 “form.”] Resembling a rhegma, or rent. 
 
 Rlie'ic A$'id. [From rhe'um, “rhu- 
 barb.”] The yellow, crystalline, granu- 
 lar matter of rhubarb, procured from the 
 plant by means of ether. 
 
 Rhe in, or Rhe ine. [Rhei'na.] A 
 substance obtained by treating rhubarb 
 with ether. 
 
 Rhe-om'e-ter. [From /5ta>, to “flow,” 
 and phpov, a “measure.”] A term em- 
 ployed by French writers as synonymous 
 with galvanometer; an instrument for 
 measuring the force of an electric cur- 
 rent. 
 
 Rhe'um,* gen. Rhe'i. [Supposed to 
 be from Rha, the river Volga, from the 
 banks of which it was originally brought,.] 
 (Fr. Rhubarbe, rii'baRb'.) A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Enneandria , natural 
 order Polygonacese. Also, the Pharma- 
 copoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
 the Rheum palmatnm and of other species 
 of Rheum ; but according to the British 
 Pharmacopoeia, for the root of one or 
 more undetermined species of Rheum. 
 
 Rhubarb is an astringent as well as 
 cathartic, and combines to a certain de- 
 gree the virtues of a tonic with those of 
 a purgative. It is, therefore, well adapt- 
 ed to cases of debility of the digestive 
 organs in which a moderate or gentle 
 cathartic is needed. The principal ob- 
 jection to it, is that it sometimes causes 
 griping; but this may be obviated, or 
 mitigated, by combining it with some 
 aromatic. Rhubarb is often advanta- 
 geously associated with other cathartics. 
 
 Rhe um Pal-ma'tnm.* The syste- 
 matic name (U.S. Ph.) of the plant which 
 yields rhubarb. 
 
 Rhe'um Rha-bar'ba-riim.* Lin- 
 naeus’s name for the Rheum undufatum. 
 
 Rbo'uan Un-ilii-la'tiim.* The Rus- 
 sian, or Siberian, rhubarb. 
 
 Blbeuin, rum. [Lat. Rhou ma, a//#; 
 Gr. pz 7 *a, a “ flux,” or “ humor,” from /5su>, 
 to “flow.”] The discharge from tho 
 nostrils or lungs, caused by cold. 
 
 Rheu-mar-thro'sis.* [From psvpa, 
 “flux,” or “humor” arising from cold, 
 and dpdpoy , a “joint.”] Literally, “ hu- 
 mor in the joints;” because it was for- 
 merly supposed to be caused by a mor- 
 bid humor. Rheumatism of the joints. 
 
RIIE 
 
 RHI 
 
 Rheu-ma-tftr£I-a. i: [From pziipa, a 
 “flux/’ or “ humor,” and iibyog, “pain.”] 
 Chronic pain arising from rheumatism. 
 See Rheum arthrosis. 
 
 Rheumatic, ru-mat'ik. [Rlieu- 
 mat/icus.] Belonging to rheumatism ; 
 afflicted with rheumatism. 
 
 Rheii'imi-tisin. [Rlieiimatis'mus ; 
 from psvfxa, a “humor” arising from cold.] 
 (Fr. Rhumatisme, rii'm&'t6zm'.) A dis- 
 ease (once supposed to be caused by a 
 morbid humor) characterized by severe 
 pains in the joints (especially when these 
 arc acted on by the muscles) and more 
 or less heat in the part, sometimes at- 
 tended with pyrexia. A genus of the 
 order Ph/eymasise , class Pyrexise, of Cul- 
 len’s Nosology. The following varieties 
 may be noticed: 
 
 1. Articular Rheumatism, occurring 
 in the joints and muscles of the extremi- 
 ties. 2. Lumbago, occurring in the loins, 
 and mostly shooting upwards. 3. Sci- 
 atica, occurring in the hip-joint, with 
 emaciation of the nates. 4. Spurious 
 Pleurisy, occurring in the muscles of 
 the diaphragm. 
 
 Raieu-ma-tis'innoatl. [Rlkeuma- 
 tismoi'des; from rh eu matin' mus, and 
 eldog, a “form.”] Resembling rheuma- 
 tism. 
 
 RlBeu-ma-to-dyn'i-a.* [From pevpa, 
 “flux,” or “humor,” and odvyrj, “pain.”] 
 Synonymous with Rheumatalgia. 
 
 Rheu-ma-tosVy-ra.* [From rheu - 
 mat'icus , “ rheumatic,” and nvp, a “ fever.”] 
 Rheumatic fever. 
 
 R3aefi-ma-to-spas'Bmiis.* [From 
 
 rheumat' icus, “rheumatic,” and sjms'mus, 
 a “spasm.”] Rheumatic spasm or 
 cramp : rheumatospasm. 
 
 RM-aial'gl-a.* [From piv, the “ nose,” 
 and a\yog, “pain.”] Pain in the nose. 
 
 RM-iien-^e-plaal'i-eus.* [From piv, 
 the “nose,” and iyKtyabov, the “brain.”] 
 Connected with the nose and brain, etc. 
 
 R!ha-fliem-$ejpBi'a-lws.' :;: ' [From piv, 
 the “nose,” ev, “in,” and Kt^abrj, the 
 “head.”] A monster-foetus, having the 
 nose prolonged in form of a proboscis. 
 
 RM-aii'tis, idf/s.* [From piv, the 
 “nose.”] I if! animation of the nose. 
 
 RM-no-dyii'I-a.* [From p'.v, the 
 “nose,” and div^, “pain.”] Pain in the 
 nose. 
 
 RSii-no-pIio'nl-a.* [From piv, the 
 “ nose,” and (.[xjjytj, the “ voice.”] The sound 
 of the voice heard through the nose. 
 
 Elii-no-plastic. [Rhmoj>las'ti- 
 cus.] Relating to the operation of 
 rhinoplasty. 
 
 Rlii'no-plas-ty. [Rhinoplas d- 
 
 ca; from p'v, the “nose,” and to, 
 
 “fabricate.”] Nose-making; the ope- 
 ration of forming a nose from the integu- 
 ments of the forehead, otherwise termed 
 the Taliacotian operation: rhinoplasties. 
 
 Rlii-no-pol'jr-pus.* [From piv, the 
 “nose,” and pol'ypus .] Polypus of the 
 nose or nostrils. 
 
 Rlii-nor-rha'gi-a.* [From piv , the 
 “nose,” and priyvvpt , to “burst forth.”] 
 Sudden and excessive bleeding from the 
 nose. See Epistaxis. 
 
 Rtii'no-trix, i chos.* [From piv, the 
 “nose,” and 0pt£, a “hair.”] In the 
 plural, the vibrissse , or hairs of the nose. 
 
 RBu-zaii'llious. ( Kliizan thus ; 
 from pt(,a , a “ root,” and avOog, a “ flower.”] 
 Root-flowered. Applied to parasitic 
 flowers attached by a sort of root or 
 roots to some foster-plant. The Raffle' via 
 and Epiphe' (jus (Beech-drops) are ex- 
 amples. 
 
 RBti'zantlis. The same as Rmzo- 
 gens, which see. 
 
 RBaizoboIaccse,* ri-zo-bo-la'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous plants, 
 consisting of a few species of very large 
 trees, found in the hottest parts of South 
 America. It includes the Car'yocar Rhi- 
 zob'olus. 
 
 RQaa-zo'des.* [From pi^a, a “root.”] 
 Having roots. 
 
 Rlai'zo-g'ens. [From pi^a, a “root,” 
 and ytwd a>, to “produce.”] A class of 
 parasitical plants which have a fungus- 
 like consistence, and are destitute of 
 true leaves. They seem to be interme- 
 diate between endogens and thallogens. 
 
 R3ii-zo£'e-mmi.* [From the same.] 
 A peculiar organ of some Alyse, which 
 increases and fixes itself by numerous 
 roots : a rhizogen. 
 
 Rlii-zog'ra-pliy* [Rhizogra pliia; 
 
 from/5:^a, a“ root,” and ypd^ < 0 , to “ write.”] 
 A description of roots. 
 
 R2ii-zo-i'des.* [From pi^a, a “root,” 
 and ci6o;, a “form.”] Resembling a root: 
 rhi'zoid. 
 
 RHal-zoi'o-g’y. [Rbizolo'gia ; from 
 pi(,a, a “root,” and Adyo a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on roots; that branch of Bo- 
 tany which treats of the roots of plants. 
 
 RM-zo'nna, atis* [From ptCocu, to 
 “support by roots.”] A root-stock; a 
 perennial, horizontal, more or less sub- 
 terranean and root-like stem, as that 
 of the iris, Acorns calamus, etc. : a rhi- 
 zome. 
 
 Rhi<zo>mor'phous. [Rtiizomos*'- 
 plms; from pi(,a, a “root,” and popepq, 
 475 
 
RHI 
 
 RHU 
 
 “form.”] Having the form of a root; 
 root-like. 
 
 Ii5iizophoracese, i: ‘ ri-zo-fo-ra'she-e. 
 [From Rhizoph'ora, one of the genera.] 
 Mangroves. A natural order of exog- 
 enous trees and shrubs, found on the 
 shores of tropical regions, where they 
 root in the mud and form a dense thicket 
 down to the verge of the sea. Some 
 species send down roots from the branches 
 like the Banyan. 
 
 Itfii-zopta o-rons. [RBaizopEi '©- 
 rus; from pi$a, a “root,” and (ptpoi, to 
 “ bear.”] Bearing or having roots. 
 
 Haii-zo-p^yl'IoMs. [Rtiizoplkyr- 
 
 lus; from pi^a, a “root,” and (pvWov, a 
 “leaf.”] Having leaves bearing roots. 
 
 Rbi'zu-la.* [Diminutive of pi$a, a 
 “root.”] The very fine roots of mush- 
 rooms : a rhizule. 
 
 Riio'di-imi.* [From pobov, a “rose.”] 
 A metal found among the grains of 
 crude platina; named from the rose- 
 color of its compounds. It is of a whitish 
 color, and very hard. Its specific gravity 
 is about 11. 
 
 REio-clo-clem'dra,* the plural of 
 
 lihododen' dron, forming the J ussieuan 
 name of an order of plants, now in- 
 cluded in Ericaceae, which see. 
 
 Illio-do*den'dron. $ [From pbboy, a 
 “rose,” and bhbpoy , a “tree.”] A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Decandria, natu- 
 ral order Ericaceae. 
 
 lilimloden'dron Clurys-an'tSiium.* 
 
 The dwarf rosebay, or yellow-flowered 
 rhododendron : a narcotic plant, some- 
 times prescribed for gout, rheumatism, etc. 
 
 Rho-dog^ra-pEiiy. [RDiodog-ra'- 
 pliia; from poboy, a “rose,” and yp-ttyw, 
 to “write.”] A description of roses. 
 
 Rlio-dol'o-gy. [Rfliodollo'gia; from 
 p')bov, a “rose,” and A oyog, a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on roses; the science of roses. 
 
 Rli o-do-sper ' mils.- [From pobov, a 
 “rose,” and anippa, “seed.”] Having 
 seeds or sporidia of a rose color. 
 
 REiix/a-diii. The coloring matter of 
 the Pap aver rhoeas. 
 
 Rhoc'as, a dos* The Pharmacopoeia! 
 name (Br. Ph.) for the dried petals of 
 the Papaver Ilhoeas ; the Rhoeados petala 
 (“petals of Rhoeas”) of the Edinburgh 
 Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Rbomb, or IMtioni'bus.^ [Gr. pop- 
 £o;.] An oblique-angled equilateral par- 
 allelogram which has two obtuse and 
 two acute angles. 
 
 Rliom-bi-fo'li-us.* [F rom a 
 
 “rhomb,” and/>7tum, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing rhombic leaves : l’hombifo'liate. 
 
 476 
 
 Rtaom' bi-form. [Rbombifor'mis; 
 
 from poplog, a “rhomb.”] Having the 
 form of a rhomb. 
 
 RBiom-bip'o-rus.* [From popSog, a 
 “rhomb,” and po'rus, a “pore.”] Hav- 
 ing rhombiform pores. 
 
 RBiom-bo-llie'di*al, or Rbom-bo- 
 lie'dri-cal. [Rlaomb^Bie'drus.] Be- 
 longing to a rhombohedron. 
 
 lilMun- bo-Eie 'd ron . [RBiombo- 
 
 Ii o' drum; from popSog, a “rhomb,” and 
 cbpa, a “base.”] A solid figure bounded 
 by six equal rhomboid faces. 
 
 RSiom'boid. [REiomboi'des : from 
 pypSog, a “rhomb,” and tlbog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a rhomb. A quadrilateral 
 figure whose opposite sides and angles 
 are equal, but which is neither equilateral 
 nor equiangular. 
 
 Rlhom-boM'al. [Rkomboida'lis; 
 
 from rhomboi' des, “resembling a rhomb/*] 
 Approaching a rhomboid in form. 
 
 Rlhom-bo-i 'de-us,* or rom-bo-i-de'- 
 us. [From the same.] The name of two 
 muscles (or of one muscle in two parts), 
 the major and the minor, situated at the 
 posterior inferior part of the neck and 
 upper part of the back. They draw the 
 scapula backwards and upwards. 
 
 Rlfrom'bus.* The same as Rhomb, 
 which sec. 
 
 RBion'chus.* [Gr. poyXog .] A rat- 
 tling sound in the throat, or a very 
 strong wheezing. Sec Rale. 
 
 RBaai'barb. [Rbabar'barnm, and 
 RBnc'um; supposed to be from Rha, the 
 Volga, a river in Russia, and bar' barns, 
 “ wild so named because chiefly brought 
 from Russia.] See Rheum. 
 
 RBiu'barb, The Rheum 
 
 palmatum. 
 
 RBioi'barb, Rais'sian, RBiii'barb, 
 Sa-be'ri-an, RBiii'barb, Un'dii-lat- 
 
 ed. The Rheum Russicum or tindula- 
 tum , the R. rhabarbarum of Linnaeus. 
 
 RBmmatismc, ru'm&'t&zm'. The 
 French term for Rheumatism, which see. 
 
 Rhus,* gen. REio'is. A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Pentandrxa, natural 
 order Terebinthinacese or Anacardiace. x. 
 The sumach-tree. Also, a flow or dis- 
 charge, as that of the catamenia. 
 
 RDaus ftlabruui.* Sumach. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 fruit of the Rhus glabrum, the properties 
 of which arc astringent and refrigerant. 
 
 Rhus Rad'i-cans.* Poison Vine, or 
 Poison Ivy. A plant which, when applied 
 to the skin, often produces a vesicular 
 eruption, and sometimes erysipelatous in- 
 flammation. Sec llnus Toxicodendron. 
 
RHU 
 
 RIM 
 
 Rhus Tox-i-co-den'drun.* The 
 
 systematic name of the poison sumach, 
 otherwise called poison oak. This plant 
 contains an acrid poisonous principle. 
 In small doses, however, the leaves have 
 been given as a remedy in certain cuta- 
 neous affections. Many botanists regard 
 the Rhus toxicodendron and the R. radi- 
 c mis as merely varieties of one species. 
 See Rnus Radicans. 
 
 RSay'as, sid is* [From pzM, to “flow.”] 
 A disease of the eye consisting in a de- 
 crease or defect of the Camncula lacry- 
 malis, congenital, accidental, or the re- 
 sult of excision, causing an incurable 
 epiphora, or continual flow of tears. 
 
 Rhyncholite, rink'o-llt. [Rtoyn- 
 c3noli'tes; from pvyxog, a “beak,” and 
 yidog, a “stone.”] The petrified beak of 
 a bird. 
 
 Rhyn~eltos'po-rus.* [From pvyxog, 
 a “beak,” and <nr opa, “seed.”] Having 
 seeds prolonged in the form of a beak, 
 as the Rondcletia. 
 
 Rhythm, riTHm. [Rhyth'miis; 
 
 from p Opdg, a “measured movement.”] 
 Applied to the order or proportion of time 
 which exists between the pulsations of 
 the heart or the movements of any organ : 
 also to the order which prevails in the 
 vibrations of sonorous bodies. 
 
 Rhytidosis. Sec Rutidosis. 
 
 Rato. [Cos'ta.] One of the bones 
 which enclose the chest. Also, a strong 
 nerve or woody fibre which forms part 
 of the framework of a leaf. See Costa. 
 
 Riband-Shaped. See Ligulate. 
 
 Ribbed. A term applied to leaves in 
 which ribs or strong nerves run length- 
 wise. 
 
 Ri'bes.* A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Pentandria, natural order Grossula- 
 c ese. The currant-bush. Sometimes also 
 applied to the gooseberry-tribe. 
 
 Ri'bes M'grum.^ The black-cur- 
 rant bush. 
 
 Ri'bes Ru'brum. i: The red-currant 
 bush, of which the white currant is only 
 a variety. 
 
 Ribesius,** ri-be'she-us. Resembling 
 the genus Rihes. 
 
 Ribless. See Enervis. 
 
 Ricciacese,* rik-se-a'she-e. [From 
 Ric'cia , one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of flowerless plants, allied to mosses 
 and lichens. 
 
 Rice. The common name for the 
 Ory’za sati'va. 
 
 Rice Pa'per. A substance which is 
 said to be a membrane of the Artocnr'- 
 pus inci'sa, or breadfruit-tree. It is 
 
 41 
 
 brought from China in small pieces of 
 various colors, and is used as a material 
 to paint upon. 
 
 Ricli-ard-so'ni-a Sca'brau* The 
 
 systematic name of the white or undu- 
 lated ipecacuanha. 
 
 Ri^'i-nate. [Ri$'inas, a't?*.] A 
 combination of ricinic acid with a base. 
 
 Ri-cin'ic. [Ricin'icus; from nVi- 
 rma.] Applied to one of the three acids 
 produced by the saponification of castor 
 oil. 
 
 Ric-i-no-i'des.^' [From rig’ inns, and 
 eiiog, a “form.”] Resembling the Rici- 
 nus. 
 
 Ri^'I-nws.* [From ricinus, a kind 
 of tick, which its seed resembles.] A 
 Linnaean genus of the class Moncecia, 
 natural order Euphorbiacese. 
 
 Riv'inus Com-imi'nis.* (“ Common 
 Ricinus.”) The castor-oil plant. 
 
 Ri^'inus Vul-ga'ris.* Another 
 name for the Ricinus communis. 
 
 Rickets, or Ra-ehi'tis.* A disease 
 of children, characterized by a large 
 head, crooked spine and limbs, tumid 
 abdomen, and general debility; often 
 accompanied with precocious mental 
 faculties. The disease appears to con- 
 sist essentially in the non-deposition of 
 phosphate of lime in the osteoid tissues. 
 [Respecting the etymology of Rickets , 
 much diversity of opinion has prevailed. 
 Some have erroneously supposed it to 
 be a corruption of rachitis. Dr. Good 
 has, in all probability, suggested the true 
 derivation of the word, referring it to 
 the Anglo-Saxon rieg or hric (German 
 Riicken ), the “back,” — the name rickets, 
 as well as rachitis , implying that the 
 back, or spine, is one of the principal 
 seats of the disease.] 
 
 Ric'tus.* [From rin'gor, ric'tvs, to 
 “grin.”] The opening between the lips 
 of ringent, or personate, flowers. 
 
 Rig-i-di-foli-ns.* [From rig’idus , 
 “stiff,” “rigid,” and f o’ Hum, a “leaf.”] 
 Having rigid leaves: rigidifo'lious. 
 
 Ri-gid'i-ty. [Rigid 'itas. a ,'tis ; 
 from rig'idus, “stiff,” “rigid.”] Stiff- 
 ness; inflexibility; rigidness. In Me- 
 chanics, a resistance to a change of 
 form. 
 
 Rig'or, o' vis* [From pry cm, to “be- 
 come cold.”] A sudden coldness, with 
 shivering. See Algor. 
 
 Ri ma. ;i; A chink, fissure, cleft, or 
 crack. 
 
 Ri'ma Glot'ti-dis.* (“ Cleft or 
 Fissure of the Glottis.”) The opening 
 of the glottis, or rather of the larynx. 
 
 477 
 
RIM 
 
 ROS 
 
 Ri-mose', or Ri'mous. [Rsmo- 
 sus; from ri'ma, a “ crack,” or “chink.”] 
 Full of fissures, or cracks. 
 
 Rim'n*la. i: [Diminutive of ri'ma, a 
 “crack,” or “chink.”] A small fissure, 
 cleft, or crack. 
 
 IKing. Sec Annulus. 
 
 Ring, Abdominal. See Abdomi- 
 nal Ring. 
 
 Ring, Fem'o-ral. [Annulus 
 Femiora'lis.] An opening bounded in 
 front by Poupart’s ligament, behind by 
 the pubes, on the outer side by the fem- 
 oral vein, on the inner by Gimbernat’s 
 ligament. 
 
 Rin'gent. [Rin'gens; from nV- 
 gor , to “grin.”] Gaping; grinning. 
 Applied to flowers. 
 
 Rin-gen-ti-fiio'rns.* [From rin'gens , 
 “ grinning,” or “gaping,” and jlos, a 
 “flower.”] Applied to the calathidium 
 and the disk in the Synantherse , when 
 composed of ringent corollas. 
 
 Ring-Bike. See Cricoid. 
 
 Ring' worm. The common name of 
 Herpes circinatus. 
 
 Ring'worm of ttie Scalp. The 
 
 disease termed Porrigo scutulata. 
 
 Ri-pa/ri-ons. [Ripa'rins; from 
 ri'pa, a “bank of a river.”] Growing 
 along rivers or water-courses. Applied 
 to plants. 
 
 Rip'ples. A popular term in Scot- 
 land for Tabes Dorsalis, which see. 
 
 Ri-so'ri-ns.* [From ri'deo , ri'sum , 
 to “laugh.”] The “laughing” muscle 
 of Santorini; a thin muscular plane 
 which arises before the parotid gland, 
 and proceeds towards the angle of the 
 mouth, which it draws backwards and 
 upwards, and thus contributes to give a 
 smiling expression to the countenance. 
 
 Risus Caninus. See Sardonic 
 Laugh. 
 
 Ri'sns Sar-don'i-cns.* The Latin 
 term for Sardonic Laugh, which see. 
 
 Ri-vin'I-an Rwcts. The excretory 
 ducts of the sublingual glands, first 
 pointed out by Rivinus. 
 
 Roast ing. The protracted applica- 
 tion of heat, below the fusing-point, to 
 metallic ores, in order to expel from 
 them the volatile ingredients, such as 
 sulphur, carbonic acid, etc. 
 
 Rob. [From the Arabic.] A syrup 
 made from the juice of fruits with sugar, 
 and reduced to a greater consistency by 
 boiling. 
 
 Ro-bin'i-a Pseu'do-Aca'cia* or 
 Pseuda<*acia* (sud-a-ka'shc-a). The 
 systematic name of the locust-tree, a 
 478 
 
 native of the United States. The bark 
 of the root is said to be emetic and ca- 
 thartic. 
 
 Rob'o-rant. [Rob'orans; from 
 rob'oro , to “make strong.”] Giving 
 strength; strengthening. 
 
 Roc-^el'Ia Tinc-tori-a, :: ' or Dyers’ 
 ILieh'en. The plant which yields litmus. 
 See Lichen Roccella. 
 
 Roc-^el'late. [Roccel'Ias, a 'tis.~\ 
 A combination of roccellic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Roc-^el'Iic. [Roccel'Iicus.] Ap- 
 plied to a peculiar acid discovered in 
 the Roccella tinctoria. 
 
 RooeBIa. See Roccella Tinctoria. 
 
 Ro-clicMe' Salt. The tartrate of 
 potash and soda. 
 
 Rodk-Rnt'ter. A common name for 
 the substance anciently termed Alu'men 
 liq'uidum , or “liquid alum.” 
 
 R©eR-<MI. See Petroleum. 
 
 Roclk'-Salt. A name given to native 
 massive salt, found in mines in various 
 parts of the world. 
 
 Ro'dens.* [From ro'do, to “ gnaw.”] 
 Gnawing. Applied in the plural neuter 
 {Roden' tia) to an order of Mammalia 
 characterized by two large incisor teeth 
 in each jaw. It comprises the beaver, 
 rat, squirrel, etc. 
 
 Ro'deait. [From the same.] A term 
 applied to certain animals. See Rodens. 
 
 Rodentia,-' ro-den'shc-a, the neu- 
 ter plural of Rodens, which see. 
 
 Rod-Shaped. See Virgate. 
 
 Rogue, ron. A French name for 
 “itch.” See Psora. 
 
 Rognetta’s (r^n-yet'taz) Opera- 
 tion. See Phacocystectome. 
 
 RoBl'er. A long band of linen, 
 calico, or flannel, wound up from one or 
 both ends. 
 
 RonfflcEnent, riNfTmoN 0 '. The 
 French name for “ snoring.” See Ster- 
 tor. 
 
 Root. See Radix. 
 
 Root'let. A very small root or ulti- 
 mate branch of a root. 
 
 Root'stoek. The same as RnizoMA, 
 which see. 
 
 Mo-riTer-ons. [Ror'ifer, or Ro- 
 
 riferws; from ros, ro’ris, “ dew,” and 
 fc'ro , to “bear.”] Producing or bear- 
 ing dew. Applied in Anatomy to ves- 
 sels which pour exhaled fluids on the 
 surface of organs. 
 
 Ro'sa.* [Gr. /$<S<W.] The Rose. A 
 Linncean genus of the class Icosandria, 
 natural order Rosacese. 
 
 Ro'sa C^-ni'na.* (“Dog Rose.”) 
 
EOS 
 
 ROT 
 
 Hips. The Pharmacopoeial name (Br. 
 Ph.) for the ripe fruit of the dog rose, or 
 hip-tree ; the wild-brier. 
 
 Ro'sa Cen-ti-fo'li-a.* (“ Hundred- 
 leaved Rose.”) Pale Rose, or Cabbage 
 Rose. The Pharmacopoeial name || for 
 the petals of the Rosa centifolia. 
 
 Rosa Ram-as-ce'na.* (“Damask 
 Rose.”) The Rosa centifolia. 
 
 Ro'sa Gal'li-ca.* (“ F rench Rose.”) 
 Red Rose. The Pharmacopoeial name || 
 for the petals of the Rosa Gallica. 
 
 Rosa Pal'Ii-da.* (“Pale Rose.”) 
 Another name for the Rosa centi/olia. 
 
 Rosa Rubra.* (“Red Rose.”) 
 The Rosa Gallica. 
 
 Rosa Syl-ves'tris.* (“Wood Rose.”) 
 Another name for the Rosa canina. 
 
 Rosaceay* ro-sa'she-e. A natural or- 
 derof exogenous plants (herbsor shrubs), 
 natives chiefly of the temperate or cold 
 climates of the northern hemisphere. 
 This order, which is unsurpassed for 
 beauty and perfume, comprises, among 
 other genera, the Rose ( Ro'sa ), Rasp- 
 berry ( Ru'bus ), Strawberry ( Fraga'ria ), 
 and Spirse'a. 
 
 Ro-sa'ceous. [Rosa'ceus.] Re- 
 sembling a rose. Applied specially to a 
 form of polypetalous corolla, with five 
 short-clawed spreading petals. 
 
 Ro-sa^'ic A^'icl. A name applied 
 by Prout to a. substance of a rose-color, 
 deposited by the urine on the access of 
 intermittent fever. 
 
 Ro-sa'll-a.* [From ro'sa, a “rose :” 
 named on account of its color.] An 
 ancient name for Scarlatina, which 
 see. 
 
 Ros'^id. [Ros'cidus; from ros, 
 “dew.”] Dewy; moistened with dew. 
 
 Rose. A plant. (See Rosa.) Also, a 
 name for erysipelas. 
 
 Rose Camphor. A solid oil of roses, 
 one of the two volatile oils composing 
 attar of roses; the other is a liquid oil. 
 The former is a stearopten. 
 
 Rose, Christ'mas. The Helleborus 
 niger. 
 
 Rose Rasli. See Roseola. 
 
 Ro-sel'la.* [Diminutive of ro'sa, a 
 “rose.”] A rosette. Applied to a mass 
 of small leaves, of various form and 
 color, terminating the stem of certain 
 mosses. 
 
 Rose'ma-ry. The common name of 
 the Rosmarinus officinalis. 
 
 Ro-se'o-la.* [Diminutive of ro'sa, a 
 “rose.”] A rose-colored rash, not con- 
 tagious, and without papulse, mostly 
 symptomatic of different febrile diseases. 
 
 Rosette. See Rosella. 
 
 Rosin. See Resin. 
 
 Ros-ma-ri'nus.* [From ros, “ dew,* 
 and mari’nus, “belonging to the soa.”] 
 Rosemary. A Linnaean genus of the class 
 Diandria, natural order Labiates or Lami- 
 aceee. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the tops of the Rosmarinus 
 officinalis. 
 
 Rosmari'nus Of-fi$-I-na'lis.‘* The 
 
 plant termed rosemary. 
 
 Ros'tel-late. [Rostella'tus; from 
 rostel'lum, a “little beak.”] Prolonged 
 into a small rigid and sometimes crooked 
 point. 
 
 Ros-tel'lum.* [Diminutive of ros' - 
 trnm, a “beak.”] A little beak. Applied 
 to any similar object. 
 
 Rostral. [Rostra'lis.] Resem- 
 bling a beak. 
 
 Ros'trate. [Rostra'tus ; from ro«'- 
 trum, a “beak.”] Having a beak; 
 beaked. Applied to plants. 
 
 Ros-tri-cor'uis.* [From ros'trum , 
 a “beak,” and cor'nu, a “horn.”] Ap- 
 plied to insects having the antennae upon 
 a prolongation of the head. 
 
 Ros' tri-form. [Rostrifor'mis; 
 from ros'trum , a “beak.”] Formed like 
 a beak. 
 
 Ros'trum.- A Latin word signify- 
 ing the beak of a bird, or the snout of a 
 beast. Applied to a ridge, also called 
 the azygous process, observed on the 
 median line of the lower aspect of the 
 sphenoid bone. Also, the name given to 
 certain kinds of forceps formerly used, 
 from their resemblance to the beaks of 
 different birds. 
 
 Ros'u-lar, or Ros'n-late. [Rosu- 
 la'rius; from ro'sa, a “rose.”] Shaped 
 like a rosette; arranged as the petals of 
 a double rose. 
 
 Rosy-I>rop. See Acne Rosacea. 
 
 Ro-ta-^is'mus.* [Gr. poraKiancg.] 
 The harsh vibration of the letter r, called 
 a “burr,” common in the northern parts 
 of England. 
 
 Ro'tate. [Rota'tus; from ro'ta , a 
 “wheel.”] Wheel-shaped. Applied to 
 a form of monopetalous flowers, e.g. the 
 blossom of the potato. 
 
 Ro-ta'tion. [Rota'tio, o'nis; from 
 ro'to, rota' turn, to “turn round.”] The 
 act of rotating or turning round. In 
 Astronomy, the motion of a heavenly 
 body on its axis. 
 
 Ro-ta'tor, o'r?V* [From the same.] 
 Applied to certain muscles employed in 
 producing a circular movement. 
 
 Ro-tif'e-ra,* or Rot'I-fers. [See 
 479 
 
ROT 
 
 RUB 
 
 Rotiferus.] The second class of the 
 Diploneura , or Helminthoida, consisting 
 of minute soft aquatic animals, with 
 distinct muscular and nervous systems, 
 and having the appearance of revolving 
 wheels produced by the rapid movement 
 of the cilia placed round the mouth. 
 
 Rotifers. See Rotifera. 
 
 Ro- tif'er-us.* [From ro'ta , a 
 “wheel,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Having, 
 or bearing, wheels: rotiferous. See 
 Rotifera. 
 
 Ro'ti-form. [Rotiffor'mis ; from 
 ro'ta , a “wheel.”] Having the form of 
 a- wheel. 
 
 Rott-le'ra.* Kameela. The Phar- 
 macopoeial namo (U.S. Ph.) for the pow- 
 der and hairs obtained from the capsules 
 of the Rottle'ra tincto'ria. This medicine, 
 the product of a plant growing in India, 
 is said to be almost invariably successful 
 in destroying the tape-worm. It is 
 given in the dose of from two to four 
 drachms, rarely, if ever, requiring to be 
 repeated. 
 
 Rot '11 -la.'*' [Diminutive of ro'ta , a 
 “ wheel.”] A little wheel. Another 
 name for the knee-pan. See Patella. 
 
 Rot'u-lar. [Rotula'ris.] Belong- 
 ing to the rotula. Applied by Dr. Bar- 
 clay as meaning towards the rotula , or 
 patella. 
 
 Rot'u-late. [Rotula' tus; from 
 rot'ula, a “little wheel.”] Having the 
 form of a little wheel. 
 
 Ro-tnnd'. [From rotun'dm, “round.”] 
 Having a rounded outline, as parts of 
 some plants. 
 
 Ro-t uii 'date. The same as Rotund, 
 which see. 
 
 Ro-tun-di-fo'li-us.* [From rotun'- 
 dus, “round,” and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] 
 Having round leaves: rotundifoTiate. 
 
 Rouge, roozh. A cosmetic, or dye, 
 prepared from Car'thamus tincto'rius. 
 
 Rougeole, roo'zhol'. The French 
 term for “measles.” See Rubeola. 
 
 Rough. See Scaber. 
 
 Roughness. See Scabrities. 
 
 Round-leaved. See Rotundi- 
 folius. 
 
 Round Idga-ment* [Ligamen - 
 
 tum Te'res.] The name applied to a 
 short ligament connecting the head of 
 the femur with the cotyloid cavity. 
 
 Round Iiig'amentN. [Ligamen'- 
 ta Rotun da. ] Applied to two flatfish 
 cords attached to the sidep of the uterus, 
 a little below, and in front of, the origin 
 of the Fallopian tubes. 
 
 Routinist, roo-teen'ist. [From rou- 
 480 
 
 tine'.] Applied to a physician who in 
 his practice follows an unvarying routine, 
 without taking into consideration the 
 varieties of the disease or the peculiari- 
 ties of his patient’s constitution. 
 
 RoxburgBiiacese,* rox-bur-ge-a'- 
 she-e. A natural order of twining 
 shrubs, found in the hotter parts of 
 India. It consists of a single genus, 
 the Roxbur'ghia. Lindley regards them 
 as belonging to a transition class, par- 
 taking of the nature of endogens and 
 exogens. 
 
 Roy'al Stitch. The name of an old 
 operation for the cure of bubonocele. 
 It consisted in putting a ligature under 
 the neck of the hernial sac, close to the 
 abdominal ring, and then tying that part 
 of the sac so as to render it impervious 
 by the adhesive inflammation thus ex- 
 cited. 
 
 Rubbing' Sound. See Bruit de 
 Frottement. 
 
 Rw-be'do, d 'inis.® [From ru'ber , 
 “red.”] A diffused redness of the skin, 
 as in blushing. 
 
 Ru-be-fa/cient. [Rubefa'ciens; 
 
 from rubefa'cio, to “make red.”] Applied 
 to any substance which reddens and irri- 
 tates without blistering the skin. 
 
 Ru-be'o-la.* [From ru'beo , to 
 “blush.”] (Fr. Rougeole, roo'zhol'.) The 
 measles, a disease attended with inflam- 
 matory fever, dry cough, sneezing, drow- 
 siness, and an eruption of small red 
 points, perceptible by the touch. A genus 
 of the order Exanthemata, class Pyre: rise, 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ru-be'o-loid. [Rubeoloi'des; from 
 rube'ola, the “measles.”] Resembling 
 rubeola. 
 
 Ru'bi-a.* [From ru’ber , “red.”] 
 
 Madder. A Linnman genus of the class 
 Tetrandria, natural order Rubiacese or 
 Chichonacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of the Rubia 
 tinctorum . 
 
 Ru'bia Tine- to 'rum.* (“Dyers’ 
 Madder.”) The systematic name of the 
 madder-plant,* the root is called Radix 
 rubra (“red-root”). 
 
 Rubiacese,* ru-be-a'she-e. [From 
 Ru'bia, one of the genera.] The Jus- 
 sieunn name of an order of plants the 
 saino as Cinchonace^:, which see. 
 
 Ru-bl-a'ceous. [Rubia'cews; from 
 Ru'bia.] Resembling the Rubia. 
 
 Ru'bf-an. A term sometimes applied 
 to the coloring matter of madder. See 
 Alizarin. 
 
 Ru'bi-cund. [Rubicun'dus ; from 
 
RUB 
 
 RUN 
 
 ru'beo, to “be red.”] Red, reddish, or 
 rosy. 
 
 Ru'bi-forui. [Rubifor'mis; from 
 Jin' bus , the “raspberry.”] Having the 
 form of a raspberry. 
 
 Ru-big'i-u©us, or Ru-big'i-n©se. 
 [RMbigiii©'sus ; from rubi'go, rubig'in is, 
 “rust.”] Having the color of rust; 
 rusty-reddish. 
 
 Ru-bi'g©,* gen. Ru-bi&'i-nis. A 
 
 Latin word signifying “mildew” or 
 “ rust.” 
 
 Rubi'g© Fer'ri.* (“Rust of Iron.”) 
 A preparation made by exposing moist- 
 ened iron wire to the air until it is con- 
 verted into rust. It is essentially the 
 same as the Sesquioxide of Iron, which 
 see. 
 
 Ru-bri-cau'lis.* [From rn'ber , “ red,” 
 and cau'lis, a “ stem.”] Having a red 
 stem : rubricau'line. 
 
 Rii-bri-fio'rous. [Rubriflo'rus ; 
 
 from rn'ber, “red,” andyfos, a “flower.”] 
 Having red flowers. 
 
 Ru'bu-la.* [Diminutive of Ru'bus.] 
 The specific name for the yaws in Good’s 
 Nosology.- See Anthracia Rubula. 
 
 Ru'bus. - [From ru'ber, “red.”] A 
 Linnsean genus of the class Icosandria, 
 natural order Rosacese. 
 
 Ru'bus. * Blackberry-root. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 root of Rubus Canadensis, and of Rubus 
 villosus. 
 
 Ru'bus Cse'sl-us.* The dewberry- 
 plant, or heath bramble, the fruit being 
 similar to the blackberry. 
 
 Ru'bus Fru-ti-co'sus.* The com- 
 mon bramble, which yields blackberries. 
 
 Ru'bus I-dae'us.* The systematic 
 name of the raspberry-plant. 
 
 Ru by. [From ru'beo, to “be red.”] 
 A crystallized gem of various shades of 
 red, consisting chiefly of alumina. The 
 Oriental ruby, or red sapphire, is a rare 
 and precious gem. 
 
 Ruclatio. See Ructus. 
 
 Ruc-tu-o'sus.* [From ruc’tus, a 
 “belch.”] Having eructation or belching. 
 
 Ruc'tus.* [From epevyogai, to 
 “belch.”] An eructation, belching, or 
 discharge of wind from the stomach. 
 
 Rud'dle. A kind of red chalk. 
 
 Ru'de-ral. [From ru'dus , ru'deris, 
 “rubbish.”] Growing among rubbish. 
 Applied to plants. 
 
 Ru'di-ment. [Rudimen'tum ; 
 
 from ru'dis, “raw,” “inexperienced.”] 
 The first instruction given to children; 
 a first principle in science; the origin 
 or rude state of any thing. 
 
 41 * 
 
 Ru-di-Bwen'ta-ry. [Rudimen- 
 
 ta'rius; from the same.] Relating to 
 rudiments. In Botany, imperfectly or 
 incompletely developed. 
 
 Rue. The common English name for 
 the Ruta graveolens. 
 
 Ru-fi-ner'vis.* [From ru'fus, “red,” 
 and Her' vus, a “nerve.”] Having ruddy- 
 colored nervures. 
 
 Ru'fous. [Ru'fus.] Brownish-red. 
 
 Ru'gu,* plural Ru'ga?. (Fr. Ride , 
 r£d, and PH, plA) A wrinkle. 
 
 Ru-gi-fo'li-us.* [From ru'ga, a 
 “wrinkle,” and f o' lium, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing wrinkled leaves: rugifo'lious. 
 Rug-ine. Sec Raspatory. 
 
 Ru-gose'. [Rugo'sus; from ru'ga, 
 a “wrinkle.”] Rugged; wrinkled. 
 
 Ruui. [Spir'itus Jauiaicen'sis.] 
 Jamaica spirit. A well-known spirituous 
 liquor, obtained from the sugar-cane. 
 
 Ru'mex, teas.* Yellow Dock. A 
 Linnsean genus of the class Hexandria , 
 natural order Pohjgonacesc. Also, the 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 root of the Rumex crispus . 
 
 Ru'mex A$-e-to'sa.* The common 
 sorrel, or sour-dock. 
 
 Ru'mi-naut, or Ru'mi-nat-ing. 
 [Ru'miuans; from ru'mino, rumina'- 
 turn, to “ chew the cud.”] Chewing the 
 cud. Applied to an order of animals. 
 See Rumixantia. 
 
 Riiniinautia,* ru-me-nan'she-a. 
 
 [See Ruminant.] The name of an order 
 of Mammalia, comprising the cow, sheep, 
 and deer. They all have four stomachs. 
 
 Ka'mi-jiat-ed. [Perhaps from ru'- 
 men, a “throat,” or “opening.”] Pene- 
 trated with holes or channels. Applied 
 to the albumen of seeds. — (Gray.) 
 
 Ru-mi-na'ti<o»n. [Rumiiia'tio, 
 © 'nis; see Ruminant.] Chewing the cud, 
 or bringing up of the food, which has 
 been swallowed, into the mouth again to 
 be properly chewed. A physiological 
 peculiarity of a certain order of ani- 
 mals. 
 
 Run'ci-nate. [Runcina'tus ; from 
 
 runci'na, a “large saw.”] Notched, like 
 a saw; with the teeth turned backwards, 
 i.e. towards the base of a leaf. 
 
 Ruai'ner. A prostrate slender branch 
 sent off from the base of the parent stem. 
 It strikes root at its apex, and produces 
 a tuft of leaves, thus giving rise to an 
 independent plant, as in the Straw- 
 berry. 
 
 Run'uing. Popularly applied to a 
 continual discharge or flow of pus or 
 mucus. 
 
 481 
 
RUP 
 
 SAC 
 
 Rupellensis Sal. See Sal Rupel- 
 
 lensis. 
 
 Ru-pes'trme. [From ru'pes, a 
 “rock.”] Growing naturally or spon- 
 taneously on rocks. 
 
 Ru'pi-a.* [From p?ro,~, “sordes.”] 
 An eruptive disease in which there are 
 broad flat vesicles, succeeded by an ill- 
 conditioned discharge which thickens 
 into superficial scabs, easily detached 
 and immediately replaced by new ones. 
 
 Rup'tile. [From rum'po, rup'tum, 
 to “break,” or “burst.”] Bursting 
 irregularly. Applied to parts of plants. 
 
 Rupture. [From the same.] A 
 popular name for Hernia, which see. 
 
 Ru-ric'o-lus.* [From rus, ru'ris, the 
 “country,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] 
 Living in the country, or fields. 
 
 Rust. [Rubi'go, g'inis.] The sub- 
 stance which is formed on the surface of 
 iron and some other metals when ex- 
 posed to the air and moisture. The rust 
 of iron ( rubigo ferri ) is essentially a ses- 
 quioxide (or peroxide) of iron. 
 
 Rus-tic'o-lus.* [From rus, the 
 “ country,” and co'lo, to “ inhabit.”] Liv- 
 ing in fields or meadows. Applied to 
 certain birds. 
 
 Ru'ta.* Rue. A Linnsean genus 
 of the class Decandria, natural order 
 Rutacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of the Ru'ta 
 grav' eolens. 
 
 Ru'ta Grav'e-o-lems.* (“Heavy- 
 smelling Rue.”) The common rue-plant. 
 
 Rutacese,* ru-ta'she-e, or Ru'tse.* 
 
 A natural order of exogenous plants, 
 mostly trees or shrubs, found in many 
 warm regions. It includes Ru'ta (Rue), 
 and Rictam'nus, a fragrant plant which 
 emits an inflammable vapor. 
 
 Ru-ta'ceous. [Ruta'ceus.] Re- 
 sembling rue ( Ruta ). 
 
 Ru-tlie'iii-um.* A new metal dis- 
 covered in native platinum in 1844. It 
 is hard and brittle, and has a specific 
 gravity of about 8.5. 
 
 Ru-ti-do'sis,* written also Rtiyt-i- 
 do'sis,* and Ryt-i-do'sis.* [From finis, 
 a “wrinkle.”] A shrinking or puckering 
 of the cornea, regarded as. a certain sign 
 of approaching death. 
 
 Ruysch (roisK), Membrane of. 
 See next article. 
 
 Ruy-sehi-a'na, Mem-bra'na.* 
 
 (“ Ruyschian Membrane,” or “ Membrane 
 of Ruysch.”) The internal layer of the 
 choroid coat of the eye: first particular- 
 ized by Ruysch; also called Tunica Ruy- 
 sch iana. 
 
 Kuy'scM-i, Tu'ni-ca Cel-lu-lo'sa.* 
 
 (“ Cellular Coat of Ruysch.”) The celiu- 
 lar coat of the intestines, described by 
 Ruysch. 
 
 Rye. A kind of cereal grain, used 
 for bread. (See Secale;) The seeds are 
 sometimes infected with a parasitic fun- 
 gus, when they acquire medicinal and 
 poisonous qualities. See Ergota. 
 
 Rye, Ergot of. See Ergota. 
 
 Rye, Spurred. The Secale cornutum, 
 or ergot of rye. 
 
 Rytidosis. See Rutidosis. 
 
 S. 
 
 S. = Semis' sis.* “Half.” 
 
 S. A., or S. A. E. = Secun’dum ar'tem* 
 “According to art,” or Secun'dum ar'tis 
 le'ges .* “According to the rules of art.” 
 
 Sab-a-dil'la.* [From the Spanish 
 Cehe'da, “ barley.”] Cevadilla. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the seed 
 of Vera'trum sabadil'la ; but according 
 to the British Pharmacopoeia, the dried 
 fruit of the Asagrse’a officina'lis. 
 
 Sab-a-dil'lin. [Sabadilli'na.] An 
 excessively acrid white substance ob- 
 tained from the seeds of the Veratrum 
 sabadiUa and Helonias officinalis. 
 
 Sabbat ia,* sab-ba'she-a. American 
 Centaury. The Pharmacipceial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the herb of the Sabba'tia 
 an'jula'ris. 
 
 Sabi na. Savine. The Pharma- 
 482 
 
 copoeial name || for the tops of Juniperus 
 
 Sabina. 
 
 Sab-u-lic'o-lus.* [From sab'ulum, 
 “sand,” or “gravel,” and co'lo, to “in- 
 habit.”] Growing or living in sand. 
 
 Sab'u-line. The same as Sabulous, 
 which see. 
 
 Sab'u-lose. [From sab'ulum, 
 
 “sand,” or “gravel.”] Growing in sand. 
 Applied to certain plants. 
 
 Sab'u-lous. [Sabulo'sus; from the 
 same.] Gritty; sandy. 
 
 Sa-bur'ra.* A Latin wor 1 for “ bal- 
 last.” Applied to foulness of the sto- 
 mach ; sordc?. 
 
 Saccate, or Sac'cat-od. [Sacca'- 
 tus; from aac'cus, a “sac.”] Contained 
 in a membranous bag : also, formed like 
 a sac ; sac-shaped. 
 
SAC 
 
 SAC 
 
 Sac'clia-rat-ed. [Saecliara'tus ; 
 
 from sac'chanim, ‘‘sugar.”] Having or 
 containing sugar. 
 
 Sac-clia-replli-i-dro'sis.* [From 
 sac’chanim , “sugar,” and ephidro’sis, a 
 “sweating.”] A saccharine sweating. 
 
 Sac'clia-ri Fsex.* (“ Dregs of Su- 
 gar.”) Treacle, or molasses. 
 
 Sac-clia-rif'er-ous. [Saccharif 
 erus ; from sac'chanim, “sugar,” and 
 A 'ro, to “bear.”] Yielding sugar. 
 
 Sac-elia-rl-fi-CiVtiou. [Sacclia- 
 rilica'tio, o ’nis ; from sac'chanim, “su- 
 gar,” and fa’ cio, to “make.”] The con- 
 version of a substance into sugar, as 
 starch when treated bj r sulphuric acid. 
 
 Sac-€h:>-ri-fl-ca'tus. s [From the 
 same.] Converted into sugar. 
 
 Sac'clia-rine. [Sacchari'nns; from 
 sac’chanim , “sugar.”] Belonging to 
 sugar, or having the properties of sugar. 
 
 Sac'clm-roid. [Saccliaroi'des ; 
 from sac’chanim , “sugar,” and eldog, a 
 “form.”] Resembling loaf-sugar in tex- 
 ture. Applied to minerals. 
 
 Sac-clia-r©r©-£y. [Saccliarol©'- 
 gia; from sac'charum, sugar,” and 
 Adyof, a “discourse.”] A treatise on su- 
 gar ; or the science of sugar. 
 
 Sac-clia-rom 'e-ter. [Saccharom '- 
 etruin ; from sac’chanim , “sugar,” and 
 filrpo!/, a “ measure.”] An instrument for 
 ascertaining the quantity of sugar in 
 liquors, syrups, etc. 
 
 Sac'dia-rum.* [From the Arabic 
 Shak'ar or Shak’kar .] A Linnmnn genus 
 of the class Triandria, natural order 
 Graminacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the sugar of the Sac’- 
 chanim oficina’ rum refined: the Saccha- 
 rum album of the British Pharmacopoeia. 
 See Sugar. 
 
 Sac'clianim A-cer'num.- (“Maple 
 Sugar.”) Sugar obtained from the A'cer 
 sncchari’ num ; also called Sac'chanim 
 Canaden'se. 
 
 Sac'cliarum Album . 5 (“White 
 Sugar.”) Refined sugar; loaf-sugar. 
 
 Sac'cli aru m Can-a-den'se.* (“Ca- 
 nadian Sugar.”) A name for the Sac’- 
 charum acer’num , or maple-sugar. 
 
 Sac'chanim Com-mu'ne* (“ Com- 
 mon Sugar”), Sac'chanim Nou-jm- 
 ri-fl-ca'tum* (“Unpurified Sugar”). 
 Systematic terms for moist sugar; other- 
 wise termed Muscovado sugar. 
 
 Sac'chanim Inc'tis.* (“ Sugar of 
 Milk.”) The name applied to a crystal- 
 line substance obtained from whey, in 
 hard white masses, having a sweet taste, 
 and the specific gravity 1.5. It has been 
 
 assigned a place on the primary list of 
 the Materia Medica of the U.S. Pharma- 
 copoeia for 1860. It has also been in- 
 serted in the list of the British Pharma- 
 copoeia. Used as a bland and nutritious 
 article of diet in certain diseases. 
 
 Sac'chanim Ol-fi^-i-na'le,* or 
 Sac'chanim Of-fi?-i.na'rum . 5 (“Of- 
 ficinal Saccharum.”) Names for the su- 
 gar-cane. 
 
 Sac'chanim Ssy-tur'ni.* (“Sugar 
 of Lead.”) The Acctas plumbi. 
 
 Sac-cho-lac'late. [Saccltolac'tas, 
 
 a ’lis.] A combination of saccholactic 
 acid with a base. 
 
 Sac-cho-lac'tic. [Saccholac'ti- 
 cus; from sac'chanim , “sugar,” and lac, 
 “milk.”] Applied to mucic acid, be- 
 cause first obtained from sugar of milk. 
 
 Sac-cho-lac'tic A^'id. [Saccho- 
 lac'ticum A^'idum.] The same as 
 Mucic Acid. 
 
 Sac-^if 'er-us.- [From sae'eus, a 
 “sac,” and fe’ro , to “bear.”] Bearing or 
 having a sac or sac-likc appendage. Ap- 
 plied to plants. 
 
 Sac'^i-form. [Saccifor'mis; from 
 
 sac’ cus, a “sac.”] Formed like a sac. 
 
 Sac'cu-lat-ed. [Saccula'tus; from 
 sac' cuius, a “little sac.”] Bagged, or 
 pursed out in little expansions. 
 
 Sac'culc. [Sac'culus; diminutive 
 of sac' cus, a “ sac.”] A little sac or pouch. 
 
 Sac-cu-lo'sus.* [From sac'culus, a 
 “little sac.”] Having little sacs. 
 
 Sac'culus Ad-i-po'sus.* (“ Adipose 
 Sac.”) The bursa mucosa of a joint. 
 
 Sac'culus Cor'dis.* (“ Sac of the 
 Heart.”) A name for the pericardium. 
 
 Sac'culus (or Sac'cus) L,acli-ry- 
 ma'lis . 5 The lachrymal sac or bag, a 
 small cavity forming the commencement 
 of the passage which conducts the tears 
 from the eye to the nose. 
 
 Sac'culus Fa-ryn'gis.* (“Little 
 Sac of the Larynx.”) A pouch extend- 
 ing upward from the ventricle of the 
 larynx to the upper border of the thy- 
 roid cartilage. 
 
 Sac'culus Pro'pri-us.* The smaller 
 of the two sacs of the vestibulum of the 
 ear, formed by the expansion of the audi- 
 tory nerve. 
 
 Sac'cus.^ A Latin word signifying 
 a “ sac.” 
 
 Sa'cer Ig'nis.* (“ Sacred Fire.”) 
 A term for erysipelas ; also formerly ap- 
 plied to Herpes exedens. 
 
 Sa'cer Mor'lins** (“Sacred Dis- 
 ease.”) A name for Epilepsy, which see. 
 
 Sa'cer Mus'cu-lus.* (“ Sacred Mus' 
 483 
 
SAG 
 
 SAL 
 
 cie.”) A designation of the t) ansversa'lis 
 lumbo'rum. 
 
 Sack. A wine formerly much used, 
 said to be brought from the Canary 
 Islands, and called Canary ; also applied 
 to a wine brought from Malaga in Spain. 
 
 Sa'cral. [Lat. Sacra'lis; Fr. Sacre , 
 sH'kR&\) Belonging to the sacrum. 
 Applied by Dr. Barclay as meaning to- 
 wards the sacrum. 
 
 Sa-cro-liun-ba'lis.* A muscle aris- 
 ing from the sacrum, etc., and inserted 
 into the angles of the six lower ribs. 
 
 Sa'crum.* [Etymology uncertain.] 
 The triangular bone wedged between 
 the Ossa innominata , forming the poste- 
 rior wall of the pelvis. 
 
 Safe'ty L#ani]}>. A lamp invented by 
 Sir II. Davy, consisting of a common 
 oil-lamp, completely surrounded with a 
 cage of fine wire gauze, for the use of 
 miners. The gauze has the property of 
 preventing the flame of the lamp from 
 igniting the explosive mixture of gases 
 which surrounds it, that portion only 
 being burned which is within the cage. 
 
 Saf'fron. The common English 
 name for the Crocus Sativus, which see. 
 
 Saf'fron, Meadow. A name for 
 the Col'chicnm autumna’le. 
 
 Sag-a^pe'nnm.* [Gr. aayi'vrrivov.~] The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. Ph., 1851) 
 of the gum-resin of an uncertain plant, 
 said to be a species of Ferula. It is re- 
 puted to be emmenagogue and antispas- 
 modic. 
 
 Sage. The common name of Salvia 
 Officinalis, which see. 
 
 Sage Femme, s&zh f&mm. The French 
 for Midwife, which see. 
 
 Sag'it-tal. [Sagitta'lis ; from sa- 
 git'ta, an “ arrow.”] Relating to, or 
 shaped like, an arrow. 
 
 Sag'ittal Sn'ture. The suture which 
 unites the parietal bones. 
 
 Sag'it-tate. [Sagitta'fns: from 
 * agit'ta, an “ arrow.”] Having the shape 
 of an arrow, as a lanceolate leaf with a 
 lobe at the base on each side pointing 
 backward. 
 
 Sag-it-tif ' or-ons. [Sagtttf f 'eras ; 
 
 from sagit'ta , an “ arrow,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing arrow-shaped objects. 
 Applied to plants, shells, etc. 
 
 Sa-git-ti-fo'li-ous. [Sagittifo'li- 
 
 us; from sarpt f ta, an “arrow,” and /</ - 
 Hum, a “leaf.”] Having arrow-shaped 
 leaves. 
 
 Sa'go. (Fr. Sagon, sl'goo'.) The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 prepared fecula obtained from the pith 
 484 
 
 of the Sagus Rumphii and other species of 
 Sagus. Used as a nutritious and easily 
 digestible food in febrile affections and in 
 convalescence from acute disorders. 
 
 Saim. A name for the Acleps suillus, 
 or hog’s lard. See Adeps. 
 
 Saint Anthony’s Fire. See Ery- 
 sipelas. 
 
 Saint Vi 'tils’ Dance. A common 
 name for Chorea, which see. 
 
 Sal,* gen. Sa'lis. [From u\g, “salt.”] 
 Salt. Applied to a compound in definite 
 proportions of an acid with an alkali, 
 earth, or metallic oxide. 
 
 Sal Am-mo'ni-ac. [Sal Ammo- 
 ni'acum.] The former name of Mu- 
 riate of Ammonia, which see. 
 
 Sal Ar-gen'ti.* (“Salt of Silver.”) 
 The nitrate of silver. See Lunar Caustic. 
 
 Sal Ben'zo-in.* Benzoic acid; the 
 Aq'idum Benzo'icum of the British Phar- 
 macopoeia. 
 
 Sal Ca-t!iar'ti-cus Am-a'rns* 
 
 (“ Bitter Cathartic Salt”), or Sal Fa- 
 
 thar'ti-ciis An-gli-ca'niis* (“English 
 Cathartic Salt”). Names for the sulphate 
 of magnesia. 
 
 Sal Fatliar'ticiis Glati-be'ri.* 
 
 (“ Cathartic Salt of Glauber.”) The sul- 
 phate of soda, or Glauber’s salt. 
 
 Sal Fiial'y-bis.* (“Salt of Iron or 
 Steel.”) The sulphate of iron. 
 
 Sal Fom-mu'nis.* (“ Common Salt.”) 
 The chloride of sodium. See Sodh 
 Chloridum. 
 
 Sal Cor'nw Fer'vi.* (“ Salt of 
 Hartshorn.”) The Subcarbonate of 
 Ammonia, which see. 
 
 Sal Di-u-ret'i-ciis.* (“ Diuretic 
 Salt.”) The acetate of potash. 
 
 Sal Ep-so-men'sis.* (“Epsom 
 Salts.”) The sulphate of magnesia. 
 
 Sal Fos'si-Ibs,^ Sal Gein'mse.* 
 (“Fossil, or Rock, Salt.”) The chloride 
 of sodium, or common salt. 
 
 Sal Glauberi. See Glauber’s Salt. 
 
 Sal MirabilisGlatiberi. See Glau- 
 ber’s Salt. 
 
 Sal Prnnelle (proo-nell'). Nitre, or 
 saltpetre, fused and poured into moulds 
 so as to form small balls. It is some- 
 times prepared with a mixture of sul- 
 phate of potash. See Potassje Nitras. 
 
 Sal Rn-pel-len 'sis.* [From Ru- 
 peV la, the Latin name of Rochelle.] 
 The tartrate of potash and soda, or Ro- 
 chelle salt. 
 
 SalSa-tnr'ni.* (“ Salt of Lead.”) The 
 acetate of lead. See Plumbi Acetas. 
 
 Sal Vo-lat'I-Iis.* (“Volatile Salt”) 
 The subcarbonate of ammonia. 
 
SAL 
 
 SAL 
 
 Sa-Ia$'i-ty. [Sala^'itas, si’tis; from 
 so.' lax, sala'cis, “lustful,” “wanton.”] 
 Lechery; lust; orgasm. 
 
 Sa'lcp. A farinaceous powder made 
 from the root of the Orchis mono. It is 
 a light and nutritious food, liko tapioca. 
 
 Salicacese,* sa-le-ka'she-e. [See next 
 article.] A natural order of exogenous 
 trees and shrubs, natives of Europe, 
 North America, and Northern Asia. It 
 includes the Willow ( Sa'lix ) and Poplar 
 (Pop* ulus). The bark is usually astrin- 
 gent, tonic, and stomachic. 
 
 Sal-i-ca/ceous. [SaBica'ceus; from 
 sa'lix, sal'icis, the “willow.”] Resem- 
 bling the willow. Applied to an order 
 of plants. See Salicacea:. 
 
 Sal-i-ca'ri-ae.* The Jussieuan name 
 of a natural order of plants, called by 
 some botanists Lythraceae, which see. 
 
 Sal'i-cin, orSal'i-cme. [Salici'na.] 
 An extremely bitter, white substance 
 obtained from the bark of several species 
 of Salix. 
 
 Sal-I-cin'e-us.* Resembling the ge- 
 nus Salix: salicineous. 
 
 Sa'li-ent. [From sa'lio, to “leap,” to 
 “spring,” to “shoot out.”] Shooting or 
 jutting out; prominent. 
 
 Sa'Bient An'g’le. An angle of a poly- 
 gon projecting outwards in reference to 
 the centre of the polygon. All the angles 
 of any regular figure, as a triangle, square, 
 etc., are salient. 
 
 Sa-lif 'er-ous. [Salif ' 'eras ; from 
 sal, a “ salt,” and fe’ro, to “ bear.”] Con- 
 taining or producing salt. 
 
 Sal'i-fi-a-l>Be. [Salifiab'ilis; from 
 sal, a “salt,” and ji'o, to “be made.”] 
 Having the property of forming a salt, 
 by combination with other substances. 
 
 Sa-lig'e-nin. [Saligeni'na ; from 
 salici'na, and ge'no, an ancient form of 
 gig' no, to “beget.”] A new substance 
 which, together with sugar, contains the 
 elements of salicin, from which it is ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Sa-line'. [Sall'nus; from so?, “salt.”] 
 Belonging to or resembling salt; of the 
 nature of a salt. In Botany, growing in 
 salt places. 
 
 Sa-li'va.* The fluid secretion of the 
 salivary glands ; spittle. 
 
 Sa-li'val. [Sali va'lis ; from sali'va, 
 “spittle.”] Relating to the saliva. 
 
 Sal'I-vant. [Salt' vans, an'tis; from 
 the same.] Exciting an increased flow 
 of the saliva: salivating. 
 
 Sal'i-va-ry. [Saliva'rms, and Sali- 
 va'ris; from the same.] Of or relating 
 to the saliva. 
 
 Sal'ivary Glamls. [Glandule 
 Saliva' rise.] The name of three glands 
 situated on each side of the face, behind 
 and beneath the lower jaw, for the pur- 
 pose of secreting saliva. They are the 
 parotid, the sub-maxillary, and the sub- 
 lingual glands. 
 
 Sal-i-va'tion. [SaBiva'tio, o ’nis ; 
 from sali'va , “spittle.”] An excessive 
 flow of the saliva, produced by the exhi- 
 bition of medicines. See Ptyalismus. 
 
 Sa'lix, i cis.* [From sa'lio, to “spring 
 out.”] (Fr. Saule, sol.) A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Diaecia, natural order 
 Salicacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeia! 
 name (U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for the bark 
 of Salix alba, S. caprea, and S. fragilis. 
 
 Sa'lix Al'foa.* The white willow. 
 
 Sa'lix t’a'prc-a.* The great round- 
 leaved willow. 
 
 Sa'lix Frag'i-lis.* (“Brittle Wil- 
 low.”) The common crack willow. The 
 bark is tonic and astringent, and has 
 been employed in intermittents, dyspep- 
 sia, etc. 
 
 Salpetra. See Saltpetre. 
 
 Sal-piuft-g'i'tls, idis* [From sal'- 
 pinx, the “ Eustachian tube.”] Inflam- 
 mation of the Eustachian tube. 
 
 Sal-i>in-gys-te-ro-£^-e'sis.* [From 
 8al'pinx, hys'tera, the “womb,” and eye' - 
 sis, “pregnancy.”] A term for preg- 
 nancy orfoetation partly in the Fallopian 
 tube and partly in the uterus. 
 
 Sal' pin x, in '7 is.* [Gr. , a 
 
 “trumpet,” or “tube.”] A name for the 
 Eustachian tube, also for the Fallopian 
 tube. 
 
 Sal'si-fy, or Sal'si-f I. A name of the 
 oyster-plant, Tragopo'gon porrifo' Hum. 
 
 Sal'sus.* The same as Salixe, which 
 see. 
 
 Salt. [Lat. Sal; Fr. Sel, sel.] The 
 chloride of sodium. (See Somt Chlori- 
 dum.) Common salt. In Chemistry, a 
 compound, in definite proportions, of an 
 acid with an alkali, earth, or metallio 
 oxide. 
 
 Salt, Xeu'tral. A combination of 
 an acid with an alkali, earth, or metallio 
 oxide, so proportioned that the resulting 
 salt has neither acid nor alkaline proper- 
 ties. 
 
 Salt of lem ons. A combination 
 of oxalic acid with a small portion of 
 potash, as found in wood-sorrel ; also 
 applied to crystallized citric acid. 
 
 Salt of Tar'tar. A very pure car- 
 bonate of potassa, prepared from the 
 bitartrate of potassa, or cream of tartar. 
 
 Sal-ta'tioa. [Salta' tio, o' nis; from 
 485 
 
sal' to, salta' turn, to “ dance,” or “jump.”] 
 A dancing or leaping; synonymous with 
 Chorea. 
 
 Siil'ta-to-ry. [Saltato'rius; from 
 the same.] Having the power of leap- 
 ing; adapted to leaping or saltation. 
 Applied to certain insects. 
 
 Sal-tig-'ra-dus.* [From sal'tus, a 
 “leap,” and gra'clior, to “walk.”] Seiz- 
 ing their prey by leaping. Applied to 
 insects. 
 
 S&lt-pe'tre. [Salpe'tra; from sal, 
 “salt,” and pe'tra, a “rock.”] The ni- 
 trate of potash, or nitre. See Potassje 
 Nitras. 
 
 Salts, Sec'on-da-ry. Synonymous 
 with neutral salts. Sec Salt, Neutral. 
 
 Sal'tus.* [From sa'lio, sal' turn, to 
 “leap.”] A springing, or leaping. Ap- 
 plied in the same manner as Subsultus 
 tendinum. 
 
 Sa-lu'bri-ous. [Salu'bris; from 
 sa' las, “health.”] Salutary; wholesome; 
 conducive to health. 
 
 Sa'lus,* gen. Sa-lu'tis. A Latin 
 word signifying “health,” or “safety,” 
 also “salvation.” 
 
 Sal'u-ta-ry. [Saluta'ris; from 
 sa'lus, “health.”] Healthy; wholesome; 
 favorable to health. 
 
 Salvadoraeeae,* sal-va-do-ra'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, found in India and Syria. It 
 includes the Salvado'ra Per' sica (the 
 mustard-tree of Scripture). 
 
 Sal-va-tel'Ia.* [From sal'vo, salva'- 
 tum, to “save.”] A small vein on the 
 back of the hand, ascending the inner 
 side of the forearm ; it contributes to 
 form the basilic vein. Bleeding from the 
 salvatella vein was once regarded as of 
 especial efficacy in the treatment of cer- 
 tain diseases. 
 
 Salve. See Unguentum. 
 
 Sal'ver-Sliaped. Hypocrateriform. 
 Tubular, with a border spreading flat at 
 right angles to the tube. Applied to a 
 form of monopetalous corolla, as that of 
 the Phlox. 
 
 Sal'vl-a.* (Fr. Sauge, s<5zh.) Sage. 
 A Linnaean genus of plants of the class 
 Diandria, natural order Lahiatse ; also, 
 the Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the leaves of the Sal' via ojfficina' lis. It 
 is astringent, aromatic, and tonic. 
 
 Sam'a-ra.* [From sam'ara, or sam'- 
 era, the seed of the elm and other trees.] 
 Applied in Botany to a dry, indehiscent 
 pericarp which has an appendage like a 
 wing, as the maple and ash. It is also 
 called a key-fruit. 
 
 486 
 
 Sam'bu-cin. [Sambuci'na.] A 
 
 peculiar substance found in the flowers 
 of the Sambucus nigra. 
 
 Sam-bu'cus. [From sambu'ca, a 
 musical instrument; sometimes made, 
 it is said, of elder wood.] (Fr. Sureau, 
 sii'rok) Elder. A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Pentandria, natural order Caprifo- 
 liacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the flowers of the Samba' - 
 cus Canaden'sis ; but according to the 
 British Pharmacopoeia, for those of the 
 Sambu'cus ni'gra. The berries are ape- 
 rient and diaphoretic; the inner bark is 
 purgative, and in large doses emetic. 
 
 Sambu'cus Ni'g-ra.* The systematic 
 name of the medicinal (European) elder. 
 
 Samydaceac,* sam-e-da'she-e. [From 
 Samy'da, one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of exogenous tropical trees and 
 shrubs, found mostly in America. 
 
 Sa-nab'i-lis.* [From sa'no, to 
 “cure.”] Curable; that may be cured. 
 
 S&-na'tion. [Sana'tio, o 'nis; from 
 sa'no, sana' turn, to “heal.”] A cure, or 
 restoration to health; the act of healing. 
 
 San'a-tive. [Sanati'vus.] Heal- 
 ing ; having a power or tendency to heal. 
 
 San-a-to'ri-um.* A synonym of 
 Sanitarium, which see. 
 
 San'a-to-ry. [Sanato'rius; from 
 sa'no, sana' tarn, to “heal.”] Having 
 power to heal. 
 
 Sanctum Semen. See Semen Sanc- 
 tum. 
 
 Sand. [Are'na.] Finely-divided 
 silicious matter constitutes common river 
 and sea sand. Particles of other sub- 
 stances are often blended with it. 
 
 Sand-Bath. See Batii. 
 
 San-dal'i-form. [Sandal i for in as; 
 from sanda'lium, a “sandal.”] Having 
 the form of a sandal or slipper. 
 
 San'dal-Wood. The wood of the 
 Pterocar'pas santali'nus and San'talum 
 al'bnm, East Indian trees. It is prized 
 for its fragrance, and is sometimes used 
 as a medicine. 
 
 Sand'stone. A species of stratified 
 rock, composed of agglutinated grains 
 of sand. 
 
 Sang-, son 0 . The French term for 
 Blood, which see. 
 
 San-ga-rce'. Wine and water sweet- 
 ened and spiced. 
 
 SangKuc, sbN°'sii'. The French term 
 for the leech. See IIirudo. 
 
 San-guif 'ci*-oiih. [Sanguif 'crus; 
 
 from Ran'guis, “blood/’ and fe'ro, to 
 “bear,” or “convey.”] Containing or 
 conveying blood. 
 
SAN 
 
 SAP 
 
 $an-giii-fi-ca'ti©n. [Sanguifica'- 
 tio, o 'nis ; from san'guis, "blood,” and 
 fa'cio , to "make.”] The formation of 
 blood; the conversion of chyle into 
 blood, or of venous into arterial blood. 
 
 San-gm-na'rl-a.# Blood-root. The 
 Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 rhizoma of the Sanguinaria Canadensis, 
 a plant of the natural order Pajmvera- 
 cese. The rhizoma and seeds are emetic. 
 
 Sanguine, sang'gwin. [Sanguin- 
 eus; from san’guis , san' gitinis, " blood.”] 
 Abounding with blood; warm; ardent; 
 nearly the same as Sanguineous. 
 
 San-gum 'e-ous. [Sanguineus ; 
 from the same.] Relating to the blood; 
 bloody; of the color of blood; abound- 
 ing in blood. Applied to certain diseases, 
 as sanguineous apoplexy, etc. Also ap- 
 plied to a particular habit or Tempera- 
 ment, which see. 
 
 San-guin-I-ros'tris.* [From san'- 
 gu is, "blood,” and ros'trum, a " beak.”] 
 Having a blood-red beak. Applied to 
 birds. 
 
 San'gui-nis,* the genitive of San- 
 guis, which see. 
 
 San-giiin'o-lent. [Sanguinolcn'- 
 tus; from san'guis, "blood.”] Of a 
 blood-red color; bloody, or tinged with 
 blood. 
 
 San'guis,* gen. Sail 'gui- nis. The 
 
 Latin word for Blood, which see. 
 
 Sanguis ©raconis- See Dragon’s 
 Blood. 
 
 Sanguisorbacese,* san-gwe-sor-ba'- 
 she-e. A natural order of exogenous 
 plants, found in Europe and other tem- 
 perate regions. They are allied to the 
 Posacese. It includes the Sanguisor'ba. 
 
 San-gui-sor'be-ae.* Synonymous 
 with Sanguisorbaceje, which see. 
 
 San-giu-su'ga. : ‘ [From san'guis , 
 "blood,” and su’go , to "suck.”] A 
 blood-sucker; the leech, properly so 
 'ailed ; a subdivision of the genus 
 Hirudo, which see. 
 
 Sanguisu'ga Mod-I-ci-na'lis,* or 
 Sanguisu'ga ©f-fi^-I-na'lis.* The 
 
 Hiruda medicinalis. 
 
 Sa'm-es.* [From san'guis , "blood” ?] 
 A thin, greenish, serous, and fetid dis- 
 charge from fistulas, ulcers, etc., some- 
 times tinged with blood. 
 
 Sa'ni-ous. [Sanio'sus.] Discharg- 
 ing sanies; of the nature of sanies. 
 
 San-i-ta'ri-iim.* [From san'itas, 
 "health.”] A retreat for invalids or con- 
 valescent persons, selected in reference to 
 the salubrity of its situation. Also, an 
 ir stitution for the treatment of the sick. 
 
 San i-ta-ry. [San it a' ri us: from 
 the same.] Pertaining to, orpromocing, 
 health. 
 
 San'i-ty. [San'itas, a 'tis; from 
 8a'nus f "sound,” "healthy,” "sane.”] 
 (Fr. Sante , soN«'t&'.) Health, or sound- 
 ness of mind and body. 
 
 Santalacese,* san-ta-la'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous plants, na- 
 tives of Europe, North America, the 
 East Indies, etc. It includes San'talum 
 (Sandal-wood), which is used as a per- 
 fume and a medicine. 
 
 San'ta-lin. The coloring principle 
 of the wood of the Pterocarpus santa- 
 linns , or red saunders. 
 
 San'ta-lum.* Red Saunders. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 wood of the Pterocar’pus santali'nus . 
 See Sandal-Wood. 
 
 Sant£. See Sanity. 
 
 San-ton'i-eaL* Levant Wormseed. 
 The Pharmacopceial name || for the un- 
 expanded flowers and peduncles of the 
 Artemisia santonica , A. contra, and of 
 other species of Artemisia. It has been 
 placed on the primary list of the Materia 
 Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
 1860. It is anthelmintic. 
 
 San 'to- n in, or San to-nine. [San- 
 toni'na; from Santon’ica. ] A vegetable 
 principle prepared from Artemisia san- 
 tonica. 
 
 San-to-ri'ni, Ve'nsp E-mis-so'ri-av*' 
 
 ("Emissory [or Einunctory] Veins of 
 Santorinus.”) The different small veins 
 which p$ss through the foramina of the 
 cranium, communicating between the 
 sinuses of the dura mater and the exter- 
 nal veins of the head. 
 
 San-to-ri'nus, Fis sures of. Cer- 
 tain small fissures in the cartilaginous 
 portions of the meatus auditorius exter- 
 nus. 
 
 Santori'nns, Tu'ber-eles of. The 
 
 small projections on the arytenoid car- 
 tilages which support the ligaments of 
 the glottis. 
 
 Sap. [Suc'cus.] The juice of plants; 
 the liquid imbibed by the roots of plants 
 and carried up through the stem. In a 
 crude state it consists chiefly of water 
 and carbonic acid : but as it rises through 
 the tissue of the stem, it dissolves the 
 secretions it meets with in its course, and 
 being attracted to the leaves, in which it 
 is subjected to the influence of light, it 
 is converted into a very different sub- 
 stance, called elaborated sap, which con- 
 tains various nutritive products, as sugar, 
 starch, proteine, etc. See Sap-Wood. 
 
 487 
 
SAP 
 
 SAR 
 
 Sa-pfie'na.* [From <ra<prjs , “mani- 
 fest.”] The name of two large veins of 
 the leg, internal and external. 
 
 Sap'id. [Sap'idus; from sa'pio, to 
 “taste.”] Having or imparting taste, 
 especially an agreeable taste; savory. 
 
 Sa-pid'i-ty. [Sapid'itas ; from the 
 same.] The quality of bodies which 
 affects the organs of taste. 
 
 Sapindacese,* sap-in-da'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, natives of tropical regions, espe- 
 cially of South America. It includes 
 the Sapin'dus and Paullin'ia. Plants of 
 this order are generally poisonous. 
 
 Sa-pin'di 9 * the plural of Sapin'dus, 
 forming the Jussieuan name of a natu- 
 ral order of plants. See Sapindace^e. 
 
 &a'3>o, :; * gen. Sa-po'nis. (Fr. Savon, 
 s&'v6ng'.) Soap; a compound of certain 
 principles in oils, fats, or resin, with alka- 
 lies in definite proportions. Also, the 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for soap 
 made with soda and olive oil. 
 
 Sa'po Ru'rus.* (“Hard Soap.”) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) for 
 Spanish, or Castile, soap. 
 
 Sa'po Mollis.* (“Soft Soap.”) The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for soap 
 made with olive oil and potash. 
 
 Sa'po Vul-ga'ris.* (“Common 
 Soap.”) A name for soap made with 
 soda and animal oil. 
 
 Sap-o-na'ceous. [Sapona'cens ; 
 from sa'po, sapo'nis, “soap.”] Of the 
 nature or appearance of soap; soapy. 
 
 Sap-o-na ' rl-a O f-fi is.* 
 
 Soapwort. A plant of the Linnaean 
 class Decandria, natural order Caryo- 
 phyllacese. The root and leaves have 
 been used as a remedy in scrofula, cancer, 
 secondary syphilis, jaundice, etc. 
 
 Sa-poai-i-fi-ca'tion. [Saponifi- 
 ca'tio, o 'nis; from sa'po, sapo'nis, 
 “soap,” and fa'cio, to “make.”] The 
 conversion of oils into soap by the 
 action of alkalies. 
 
 S.a-pon'i-forin. [Saponifor'mis; 
 
 from sa'po, sapo’nis, “ soap.”] Like soap 
 in its unctuosity. 
 
 Sapo-nin. [Sapoaii'na.] A name 
 applied to the frothy extract of the Sapo- 
 na'ria oficina' lis. 
 
 Sap'o-nulc. [Sapoii'iilus; from 
 
 sa'po, “soap,” and v\rj, “material.”] 
 Literally, a material out of which soap 
 is made. A volatile or essential oil in 
 combination with a base. 
 
 Sap-o-rif'ic. [Saporif 'icus; from 
 sa'por, “taste,” and fa'cio , to “make.”] 
 Causing or imparting taste. 
 
 488 
 
 Sap'o-rons. [From sa'por, “taste.”] 
 The same as Sapid. 
 
 Sapotacese,* sap-o-ta'she-e, or Sa- 
 po'tse.* [From Sapo'ta, one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 trees and shrubs, natives of the tropics 
 of India, Africa, and America. Some 
 genera produce edible fruits, as the Mar- 
 malade (Achras). 
 
 Sa-po'ta?,* the plural of Sa^po'ta, 
 
 forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
 order of plants. See Sapotace^e. 
 
 Sapphire, saf'fir. [Lat. Sapplii'- 
 rus ; Gr. ocnr^apog.'] A precious stone of 
 a blue color. It consists essentially of 
 crystallized alumina. The Oriental ruby 
 is a red variety of sapphire. 
 
 Sa-pros'to-smis.* [From cairpog, 
 “putrid,” and cropa, a “mouth.”] Hav- 
 ing a foul or stinking breath. 
 
 Sap-Wood, or Al-bur'mim* The 
 outer part of the wood of exogenous 
 trees, which is softer and more bibulous 
 than the heart-wood. It is through the 
 sap-wood that the sap ascends from the 
 root to the leaves. 
 
 Sar'^i-na.* Literally, a “pack or 
 burden.” A name sometimes given to a 
 peculiar substance found in the contents 
 of the stomach. Also applied to the 
 foetus. 
 
 Sar-^i'tis, i dis* [From oaft, aaprog, 
 “flesh.”] Muscular inflammation ; also, 
 acute rheumatism. 
 
 Sar'co-carp. [Sarcocar'piiim, or 
 Sarcocar'pws; from o-ap£, oapxog, “flesh,” 
 and Kapirog, “fruit.”] The fleshy, or pulpy, 
 part of a drupe, as a peach or plum. 
 
 Sar'co-£ele.* [From <rap£, “flesh,” 
 and KrjXrj, a “tumor.”] (Fr. Hernie 
 charmie, en'nP shart'nii'.) A fleshy en- 
 largement of the testicle; termed also 
 Her' nia carno'sa (“fleshy hernia”). 
 
 Sar-co'des.* [From aap\, “flesh.”] 
 Like flesh; fleshy: sarcous. 
 
 Sarcoid. [Sarcoi'dcs; from aapl , 
 “flesh,” and eldog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling flesh. 
 
 Sar-co-lom'ma, a tis.* [From c-cpf, 
 “flesh,” and \ippa y a “covering.”] Ap- 
 plied to the sheath which encloses each 
 of the muscular fibrils. 
 
 Sar-col'o-gry. [Sarcolo'p;ia; from 
 <r«p£, aaptcdg, “flesh,” and Xoyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] The part of Anatomy which 
 treats of the fleshy parts of the body. 
 
 Sar-co'nia, a tis* plural Sar-eo'- 
 ina-ta, [From oJp£, oaptcog, “flesh.”] In 
 Pathology, a fleshy tumor; a genus of 
 the order Tumores , class Locales , of Cul 
 len’s Nosology. Applied by Link to a 
 
SAR 
 
 SAT 
 
 fleshy part, of variable form, which sur- 
 rounds the ovary of plants, or is situated 
 upon it. 
 
 Sar-com'a-tous. [Sarcomato- 
 
 sus; from sarco'ma.] Relating to, or 
 of the nature of, sarcoma; fleshy. 
 
 Sarcomphalos. See Omphaloncus. 
 
 Sar-copBi'a-gnus. [Sarcopfa'a- 
 gus; from cup%, “ flesh,” and </>dyc. >, to 
 “eat.”] Eating, or living on, flesh. 
 
 Sar-copli'a-gus.* [From the same.] 
 The name given by the ancients to a 
 kind of stone said to have the property 
 of consuming dead bodies placed in con- 
 tact with it. Also applied to a coffin 
 made of such stone. 
 
 Sar-co-phy'ma, a tis* [From <rup£, 
 “ flesh/’ and <pvpa, a “ tumor.”] A fleshy 
 tumor. 
 
 Sar-cop'tes.* [From cdp\, “ flesh, ” 
 and koktixj, to “cut,” to “pierce,” or 
 “ sting,” as a worm or insect.] That which 
 stings, devours, o^ consumes the flesh. 
 See next article. 
 
 Sarcop'tes Mom'i-nis.* (“Con- 
 sumer of the Flesh of Man.”) The name 
 given by Raspail to the Ac'arus scabie'i, 
 or itch-insect. It is a parasite, belong- 
 ing to the class Arachnida, or spiders, 
 and is therefore not an insect in the 
 stricter sense of the term. 
 
 Sar-eo'sis.* The progress of sar- 
 coma. Also, preternatural generation 
 of flesh. 
 
 Sar-c©t'ic. [Sarcot'icns; from 
 capKooj, to “produce flesh.”] Making, or 
 inducing the growth of, flesh. Applied 
 to medicines. Also, belonging to sar- 
 coma. 
 
 Sar'cous. [From crdpg, “ flesh.”] 
 Fleshy; pertaining to flesh or muscle. 
 
 Sar-don'ic ILatigSa. [Ri'sus Sar- 
 dan'icns; from oapboriKos, “belonging to 
 Sardinia;” so called because a certain 
 Sardinian plant is said to have excited 
 a similar affection.] A singular con- 
 vulsive laugh. Also applied to a pecu- 
 liar expression of countenance observed 
 in tetanus, diaphragmitis , etc.; also 
 termed Spas' mus cyn'icus. 
 
 Sarment. [Sarmen'tnm ; from 
 sar'po, to “prune.”] A runner; a long 
 and flexible branch. 
 
 Sar-men-ta'ceous. [Sannenta'- 
 ceus; from sarmen'tum, a “sarment.”] 
 Bearing or resembling sarments. 
 
 Sar-men-tif'er-ous. [Sarmen- 
 tif'erns; from sarmen'tum , a “sar- 
 ment,” and fe'roy ta “bear.”] Bearing 
 sarments. 
 
 Sar-men'tous. [Sarmento'sus ; 
 
 42 
 
 from sarmen'tum , a “sarment.”] The 
 same as Sarmentaceous. 
 
 Sarraceniacese,* sar-ra-se-ne-a'* 
 she-e. A natural order of exogenous 
 herbaceous plants, found in the bogs of 
 North America. It includes the Sarra - 
 ce'nia (Side-Saddle Flower). 
 
 Sar'sa.* The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (Br. Ph.) for Jamaica Sarsaparilla, the 
 dried root of Smi'lax officina'lis. 
 
 Sar-sa-pa-ril'la.* [Spanish, sarqa, 
 or sar'za, a “brier,” and paril'la, a “lit- 
 tle vine.”] The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the root of Smilax of- 
 ficinalis ■, and other species of Smilax. 
 It is an alterative, much employed in 
 the treatment of secondary syphilis and 
 scrofulous affections. 
 
 Sar-to'ri-us.* [From sar'tor, a 
 “tailor.”] Belonging to a tailor. Ap- 
 plied to a muscle (the longest of the 
 human body), so called because a tailor 
 uses it in crossing his legs. It arises 
 from the spinous process of the ilium, 
 and is inserted into the inner tubercle of 
 the head of the tibia. 
 
 Sarx.* [Gr. cap £, oapKog .] Flesh; 
 
 the muscular part of animals. 
 
 Sar'za.* [In Spanish, a “bramble,” 
 or “low shrub.”] Sarsaparilla. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) for the 
 root of Smi'lax officina'lis; the Radix 
 Sarsaparilla (“Root of Sarsaparilla”) of 
 the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Sas'sa-fras.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name || for the root of Sas'safras officina'le. 
 
 Sas'safras Me-dnl'Ia.* (“Pith of 
 Sassafras.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the pith of the stems of 
 the Sassafras officinale. From this pith 
 a bland mucilage is obtained, much used 
 as an application to inflamed eyes. 
 
 Sas'safras Of-fi^-I-na'le,* or L.au'- 
 rus Sas'safras.* A tree of the Lin- 
 naean class Enneandria , natural order 
 Lauracese. It is a native of the United 
 States. 
 
 Sas'safras Ra-di'cis Cor'tex.* 
 
 (“Bark of Sassafras Root.”) The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the bark 
 of the root of the Sassafras officinale. It 
 is reputed stimulant, sudorific, and diu- 
 retic. 
 
 Sat'el=llte. [Satel'les, gen. Satel'- 
 fiitis.] A lifeguardsman ; an attendant 
 or partisan. In Astronomy, a moon or 
 secondary planet, which revolves around 
 a primary planet. 
 
 Sat'ellite Veins. Veins that ac- 
 company arteries, especially those be-- 
 longing to the brachial artery. 
 
 489 
 
SAT 
 
 SCA 
 
 Sa-tel'H-tes,* gen. Sa-tel'li-tum, 
 
 the plural of Satel'les. See Satellite. 
 
 Sa-tl'e-ty. [Sati'etas; from sa'tis, 
 “enough.”] Surfeit,* disgust for food, 
 from having been cloyed. 
 
 Sat'in-Spar. A fibrous variety of 
 carbonate of lime, presenting a silky 
 appearance when polished. 
 
 Sa-ti'vus.* [From se'ro, 8a' turn, to 
 “sow,” or “olant.”] Growing in fields 
 or gardens; that is, cultivated. Applied 
 to various plants. 
 
 Sat'u-rate. [From sat'uro, satura'- 
 tum, to “cloy,” or “fill.”] To fill a liquid 
 with as much salt, or other soluble sub- 
 stance, as it is capable of dissolving. 
 
 Sat-u-ra'tion. [Satura'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] The act of saturating; 
 the state of a solvent which has dis- 
 solved as much of a soluble body as it is 
 capable of dissolving; or the state of a 
 compound in which its elements are 
 combined in such proportions that a 
 fresh quantity of either cannot be added 
 without excess. 
 
 Sat'ur-iiine. [Saturni'nus; from 
 Satur'nus, “Saturn;” also, a term for 
 lead.] In Chemistry, relating to lead. 
 Also, grave or dull, as distinguished 
 from mercurial. 
 
 Sa-tur'nus.** Saturn. An alchemi- 
 cal name for lead; as, Sal Saturni (“Salt 
 of Lead”). 
 
 Sat-y-ri'a-sis.* [From aarvpog, a 
 “ satyr.”] E xcessive or inordinate sex- 
 ual desire in men. A genus of the order 
 Dysorexise, class Locales, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. The proper treatment for 
 this disease consists in a mild cooling 
 diet, accompanied by active exercise 
 and the use of a cold bath. The term 
 satyriasis has also been applied to a 
 species of elephantiasis, from its hideous 
 appearance. See Elephantiasis Gra3- 
 corum. 
 
 Sauge, sozh. The French name for 
 “sage.” See Salvia. 
 
 Saule, sol. The French name for 
 “willow.” See Salix. 
 
 Sau'ri-an. [Sau' ri us; from aavpo;, 
 or aavpa, a “lizard.”] Relating to or re- 
 sembling a lizard. Also, an animal of the 
 lizard tribe. 
 
 Sau-rogr'ra-phy. [Saurogra'phia; 
 
 from acrlpo;, a “lizard,” and ypacfxo, to 
 “ write.”] A description of the saurian 
 reptiles. 
 
 Sau'roiil. [Sauroi'des; from tranpog, 
 a “lizard,” and eiios, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a lizard. 
 
 Sau-rol'o-gjf. [Saurolo'gia; from 
 490 
 
 <ravpo$, a “lizard,” and Aoyo?, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise upon saurian rep- 
 tiles; or the science of saurian reptiles. 
 
 Sau-roph'a-gous. [Saurop&i'a- 
 gus; from aavpo;, a “lizard,” and 0aya), 
 to “eat.”] Eating lizards and other 
 reptiles. Applied to birds. 
 
 Saururaceae,* sau-ru-ra'she-e. 
 [From Sauru'rus, one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, natives of the marshes of China, 
 India, and North America. 
 
 Sauvag^esiacese,* so-vazh-e-a'she-e. 
 [From Sauvage'sia, one of the genera.] 
 A small natural order of exogenous 
 plants (herbs or shrubs), found in South 
 America and the West Indies. 
 
 Sa-van'na, or Sa-van'nah. A low, 
 open, or grassy plain; a prairie. Ap- 
 plied especially to the vast plains of the 
 valley of the Mississippi. 
 
 Sav'in. The Juniperus sabina. 
 
 Savon, s§,'v6n°'. The French name for 
 “soap.” See Sapo. 
 
 Saw. The Scotch popular term for 
 any salve, or ointment. See Unguentum. 
 
 Saw-Toot lied. The same as Ser- 
 rate, which see. 
 
 Sax'a-tile. [Saxat'ilis; from sax' urn, 
 a “rock.”] Living or growing in rocky 
 places. Applied to plants. 
 
 Saxifragucese,* sax-e-fra-ga'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, natives of the mountainous re- 
 gions of Europe and the northern parts 
 of the world. It includes Saxifraga . 
 The whole order is more or less astringent. 
 
 Sax-if 'ra-gse,* the plural of Sax- 
 ifraga, forming the Jussieuan name of 
 a natural order of plants. See Saxi- 
 
 FRAGACEA5. 
 
 Sax'o-iiy Bine. An intensely deep 
 blue, produced by a solution of indigo in 
 concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 
 Scab. [Crus'ta.] A crust-like sub- 
 stance formed on superficial ulcerations 
 by the concretion of the fluid matter 
 discharged from them. Also, the same 
 as Scabies. 
 
 Sca'bl-es.* [From sca'bo, to 
 
 “scratch.”] The itch; otherwise termed 
 Psora. Also, a scab. 
 
 Sca'brid. The same as Scabrous. 
 
 Scab-rl-llo'rus.* [From sca'ber, 
 “rough,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
 calyces rough with hairs. 
 
 Scab-rl-fo'lI-iiH.* [From sca’ber, 
 “rough,” “scabby,” and /o' Hum, a 
 “leaf.”] Having rough leaves. 
 
 Sca'brouM, or Scii'brate. [Sca'ber; 
 from sca'bo, to “scratch.”] Rough; 
 
SCA 
 
 SCA 
 
 rugged; rough to the touch. Applied to 
 leaves, etc. 
 
 Sca'la,* plural Sca'la;. A ladder, or 
 staircase; a scale of steps; a regular 
 gradation. 
 
 Sca'la Tym'p«a-ni. ;: (“Stairway of 
 the Tympanum.”) The superior of the 
 scalx of the cochlea. 
 
 Sca'la Ves-tib'u-li.* (“Stairway of 
 the Vestibule.”) The inferior of the 
 scalx of the cochlea. 
 
 Sca'lae,* gen. Sca-la'rum, the plural 
 of Scala, which see. 
 
 Sca'la; of tlie Ooch'le-a, or Sca'la; 
 Cocli'le-a;.* (“Stairways of the Coch- 
 lea.”) The two cavities formed by the la- 
 mina spiralis or spiral septum of the coch- 
 lea. They are severally designated the 
 Scala Tympani and Scal y Vestibuli. 
 
 Sca-lar ' l-for m . [Scalar! for ' m is ; 
 from sca'la, a “ladder.”] Having the 
 form of a ladder. 
 
 Scalar'iform Ducts of Plauts. A 
 
 form of vascular tissue, differing from 
 dotted ducts only in the form of the 
 markings, which are like crpss-bars or 
 the rounds of a ladder. 
 
 Scald. [From the Italian Scalda'rc, 
 to “ heat.”] A lesion of some part occa- 
 sioned by the application of a hot fluid. 
 
 Scald-Head. A common name for 
 Porrigo, or ringworm of the scalp > 
 
 Scale. [Lat. Squa ma; Fr. Ecaille, 
 Akal'.] One of the small lamina; which 
 cover most fishes, serpents, the wings 
 of certain insects, etc. In Botany, any 
 thin, scale-like appendage. Applied in 
 Pathology to a small, opaque, whitish 
 lamina of morbid cuticle, running into 
 layers or crusts, which fall off repeatedly 
 and are soon reproduced. 
 
 Scale. [From sca'la, a “ladder,” or 
 “stair;” hence, something which is re- 
 gularly divided.] A line or rule of defi- 
 nite length, divided into a given number 
 of equal parts, which are sometimes 
 termed degrees. 
 
 Scale-Skin. See Ichthyosis. 
 
 Sca-lene'. [Scale'num, neuter of 
 Scale'nus; from o-zcaX^oj, “unequal.”] 
 A figure having unequal sides. A triangle 
 of which all the sides are unequal. 
 
 Sca-le'ntis.* [From the same.] The 
 name of two muscles, the anticus and the 
 posticus, which bend the head and neck. 
 They arise from the transverse processes 
 of the vertebras of the neck, and are in- 
 serted into the first and second ribs. 
 
 Sca'ler. An instrument used by den- 
 tists for removing the scales of tartar 
 from the teeth. 
 
 Scalloped, skol'lopt. The same as 
 Crenate, — i.e. marked with even and 
 rounded notches on the margin, as some 
 leaves. 
 
 Scalp. [Epicra'ninm.] The in- 
 teguments of the skull. 
 
 Sc&l'pel. [Scalpel 'lu m; from 
 scal'po, to “carve,” or “scrape.”] A 
 small knife, usually with a straight blade 
 fixed firmly in the handle: used in dis- 
 secting; also in surgical operations. 
 
 Scfll'prum.* [From scal'po, to 
 “scrape.”] A raspatory used in trepan- 
 ning. Sometimes applied to the cutting 
 edge of the incisor teeth of a mammal. 
 See Raspatory. 
 
 Scal'prum Den-ta'le.* [From dens, 
 a “tooth.”] A file used by dentists. 
 
 Scaly. See Squamose. 
 
 Scam-mo'ni-a.* The scammony- 
 plant. See Convolvulus Scammonia. 
 
 Scam-mo'ni-um.* Scammony. The 
 Pbarmacopoeial name || for the concrete 
 juice of the root of the Con col' vulus Scam - 
 mo'nia. Scammony is an active cathartic, 
 often causing, when taken alone, griping, 
 or other unpleasant consequences, to ob- 
 viate which it is usually combined with 
 other medicines. 
 
 Scanimo'iiiiim Sy-ri'a-cunn.* 
 
 (“ Syrian Scammony.”) A name for the 
 gum resin obtained from the root of the 
 Convol' vulus Scammo'nia. See Scammo- 
 niitm. 
 
 Scammony. See Scammonium. 
 
 Scan 'dent. [Scan'dens; from 
 scan' do, scan' sum, to “climb.”] Climb- 
 ing; clinging to contiguous objects for 
 support, by tendrils, etc. Applied to 
 plants. 
 
 Scan'sor, o 'ris* [From the same.] 
 A climber. Applied in the plural (Scan- 
 so'res) to an order of birds which have 
 the toes arranged in pairs, two before 
 and two behind, a conformation of the 
 foot which is admirably adapted for 
 climbing. 
 
 Scan-so'res,* the plural of Scansor, 
 which see. 
 
 Scan-so'ri-al. A climbing bird. See 
 
 Scansor. 
 
 Scape. [Sca'pus; from ckHttos, a 
 “ stick,” or “ staff ;” a “ stalk.”] A flower- 
 stalk which arises from the stem at or be- 
 neath the surface of the ground, as in the 
 primrose, blood-root, etc. 
 
 Sca'pka.* [From <jk6.t:tw, to “dig.”] 
 A skiff, or small boat. The depression 
 or cavity of the external ear, otherwise 
 called Fos'sa navicula'ris. 
 
 Scaphoid, or skaf'oid. [Scaphoi'- 
 491 
 
SCA 
 
 SCH 
 
 des; from sea'pha, a “skiff,” and eidog, a 
 “form.”] Resembling a little boat; 
 navicular. 
 
 Scap-i-flo'riis.* [From sea' pus, a 
 “scape,” and fins, a “flower.”] Having 
 flowers upon a scape: scapiflo'rous. 
 
 Scap'I-form. [Seapifor'mis : from 
 sea' pus, a “ scape.”] Formed like a 
 scape. 
 
 Scap'I-ger,* or Sca-pig'e-rns.* 
 
 [From sea' pus, a “ scape,” and ge'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Having scape-like stems: sca- 
 pigerous. 
 
 Scap'u-la.* (Fr. Omoplate, o'mo'- 
 pl&t'.) The shoulder-blade; abonowhich 
 extends from the shoulder-joint towards 
 the vertebral column. It is broad, flat, 
 and generally triangular, in the mam- 
 malia. 
 
 Scap-u-lal'g’i-a.^ [From scap'ula, 
 and a\yo;, “pain.”] Pain in the scapula. 
 
 Scap'u-lar. [Scapula'ris.] Of or 
 belonging to the scapula. Applied to 
 arteries, veins, etc. : scapulary. 
 
 Seap-n-lo-dyii !-»•** [From scap'ula, 
 and odvvri, “pain.”] Applied to pain or 
 rheumatism in the shoulder. 
 
 Scap'u-lo-Iln'me-ral. [Scap'ulo- 
 Mtmiera'lis.] A term sometimes ap- 
 plied to the shoulder-joint. 
 
 Scar. (See Cicatrix.) Applied in 
 Botany to the Hilum, which see. 
 
 Scarf '-Skill. [Perhaps from the 
 Anglo-Saxon Seeorp, “clothing,” or 
 “covering.”] The cuticle, or epidermis. 
 
 Scsir-i-fi-ca'tioai. [Scarifica'tio, 
 o'nis; from scarif ico, scarijica' turn, to 
 “lance,” as a sore, to “'make little inci- 
 sions.”] The op iration of making small 
 superficial incisions, or punctures, with 
 a lancet or scarificator, usually with a 
 view to local depletion. 
 
 Scar-i-fi-ca'tor. [Scaritica'tor, 
 o'r is; from the same.] An instrument 
 used in the operation of cupping. Also, 
 an instrument with a blunt edge, used 
 in t >oth-extraction for separating the 
 gum from the tooth. 
 
 Sca'ri-ous, or Sca'ri-ose. [Scario'- 
 sus.] Thin, dry, and membranaceous. 
 Applied to parts of plants. 
 
 Scar-la-ti'na.* [Feminine singular 
 of srarlati' nus, fe'hris being understood.] 
 Scarlet fever; a disease characterized by 
 contagious fever, and a scarlet eruption 
 on the skin in patches, ending in three ' 
 or four days in desquamation of the cu- | 
 tide. A genus of the order Exanthemata , i 
 class Pjfrexisp. , of Cullen’s Nosology. It 
 is often accompanied with great soreness 
 in the fauces and throat, and is then 
 492 
 
 sometimes termed Scarlati'na angino'sa 
 or paristhmit'ica. See Paristhmitis. 
 
 Scarlati'na Ma-lig'na.* (“Malig- 
 nant Scarlet Fever.”) A species of scar- 
 latina, considered to be essentially the 
 same with Cynan'che malig'na (putrid 
 sore-throat). 
 
 Scarlati'na Sim'plex.* (“Simple 
 Scarlet Fever.”) A name sometimes 
 applied to a mild form of scarlatina, 
 attended with little or no soreness of the 
 throat. 
 
 Scar'la-tine. [Lat. Scarlati'nns; 
 
 from the Italian Scar lat' to , a “deep red.”] 
 Of a deep red or scarlet color. 
 
 Scar-Ia-tti-iio-i'des.* [From scarla- 
 ti'nus, and eidog, a “ form.”] Resembling 
 scarlatina ( febris ); of a scarlet color: 
 scarlatinoid. 
 
 Scarlet Fever. See Scarlatina. 
 
 Scarred. See Cicatrizatus. 
 
 Sceleton. See Skeleton. 
 
 S^el-o-tyr'be.* [From oxekog, the 
 “leg,” and rvp^r], “commotion,” or “agi- 
 tation.”] Literally, “leg-commotion.” 
 A form of shaking palsy, usually at- 
 tended with a contracted state of the 
 limbs. 
 
 Scepacese,* se-pa'she-e. A small nat- 
 ural order of exogenous trees, natives of 
 tropical India. It includes the See’ pa. 
 
 Scheele’s (sheelz) Green. A well- 
 known pigment consisting of arsenite of 
 copper. 
 
 ScSnerlievo, skeR-leA'vo. A disease 
 in Illyria and Dalmatia of a syphilitic 
 character. 
 
 Sclie-ro'ma. : - [From ex^pog, “dry 
 land,” or %np<k, “ dry.”] A dry inflam- 
 mation of the eye, owing to a deficiency 
 of the lachrymal secretion. 
 
 Sehin-dy-le'sis. ;: [From axiv6v\coi, 
 
 to “ split into small pieces.”] A variety 
 of synarthrosis, in which one bone is re- 
 ceived into a slit in another, as the 
 vomer into the sphenoid. 
 
 Schist, shist. [Schis'ta: from ox'i s<*>, 
 to “cleave.”] A species of rock of a 
 fissile structure, such as gneiss. Often 
 applied to the varieties of slate. 
 
 Sch is-t o-car ' pons. [ Sell is t ocar 
 
 pus: from <ryLaj, to “cleave.” and Kap-rog, 
 “fruit.”] Having fissile fruit. Applied 
 to a family of mosses. 
 
 Schist oid. [Schistoi'des: from 
 schis'ta, “schist,” and eidog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling schist. 
 
 Seliis-tor'rha-ehis.* [From axurrd;, 
 “cloven,” and the “spine.”] In 
 
 Latin. Spi'na Rif'i-da. Literally, 
 “cloven spine.” Names for Jlydrorrh j- 
 
SCII 
 
 SCL 
 
 ckis, so called from the double channel 
 which often exists through a consider- 
 able length of the vertebral column, the 
 one channel containing the spinal mar- 
 row, the other the dropsical fluid. — 
 (Good.) 
 
 Schis tose, or Schis tous. [Schis- 
 to'sus.] Having the structure of schist. 
 
 Scliizaiwlracese,* ske-zan-dra'slie-e. 
 [From Sckizan' dra, one of the genera.] 
 A small natural order of exogenous 
 shrubs, found in India, Japan, and North 
 America. 
 
 S^hnel-de'ri-an Membrane. 
 
 [From Schnei'der, its describer.] The 
 mucous membrane lining the interior of 
 the nose and cavities directly connected 
 with it. Also termed the Pituitary mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Schorl. [From the Swedish Sc or l, 
 “ brittle” ?] A brittle mineral, usually 
 occurring in black, prismatic crystals. 
 It becomes electric by heat and friction. 
 
 S^i-a-do-phyl'lus.* [From mads, a 
 “ canopy,” a “parasol,” and c/wWor, a 
 “leaf.”] Having leaves in the form of 
 an umbrella or parasol. 
 
 S^I-at'ic. [Sciat'icus; from ischi- 
 at'icus, “ischiatic.”] Belonging to the 
 ischium. See Ischiatic. 
 
 Sciat'fic Nerve, Great. [Lat. Ner'- 
 vtis Iseliiat'icus Major? Fr. Grand 
 Ner/ Sciatique, gndN« nenf se'Sl't&k'.] 
 The termination of the sacral or sciatic 
 plexus. It is the largest of all the nerves, 
 and is distributed chiefly to the muscles 
 of the thigh. 
 
 S^i-at'i-ca.* [From sciat’icus, “be- 
 longing to the ischium.”] A rheumatic 
 affection of the hip-joint. Also, a neu- 
 ralgic affection of the sacro-sciatic nerve. 
 See Ischiagra. 
 
 Sci'eaice. [Scien'tia; from sci’o, to 
 “know.”] Knowledge; learning; skill. 
 The knowledge of many persons method- 
 ically digested and arranged so as to be- 
 come attainable by one. The knowledge 
 of reasons and their conclusions consti- 
 tute abstract, that of causes and effects and 
 of the laws of nature, natural, science. 
 
 Scilla,* gen. [Perhaps 
 
 from oxfXXw, to “ dry.”] Squill. A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Hexandria, 
 natural order Liliacese. Also, the Phar- 
 macopoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) of the bulb of 
 Scilla (or Sqnilla) maritima, but accord- 
 ing to the British Pharmacopoeia, of the 
 I Jrgin'ea scil'la. 
 
 Scil'la Ma-rit'i-ma.* The squill, 
 or sea-onion. 
 
 Scillae Ma-rit'i-mae Bulbils.* 
 
 42 * 
 
 (“Bulb of the Scilla Maritima.”) See 
 Scilla. 
 
 S$irii-tin. [Scilliti'na; from scil'la, 
 “ squill.”] The active principle of the 
 squill. 
 
 Scimitar-Shaped. See Acinaci 1 
 
 FORM. 
 
 S^in-til-la'tion. [Scintilla'tio, 
 
 o'nis ; from scintil’lo, scintilla' turn, to 
 “sparkle.”] A sparkling, as of fire. 
 Applied to the twinkling or tremulous 
 motion of the fixed stars, which appear 
 as if the rays of light coming from them 
 were not continuous, but produced by 
 particles succeeding each other at inter- 
 vals by a vibratory movement. 
 
 S$i'on. A young branch or shoot of 
 a tree, especially one used for grafting. 
 
 Scir-rho-gas'trl-a.* [From csifpog, 
 “scirrhus,” and yacrrrip, the “stomach.”] 
 Scirrhus, or incipient cancer, of the sto- 
 mach. 
 
 Scir'rhond. [Scirrhoi'des; from 
 csippog, a “ hard tumor,” and eidog, “ re- 
 semblance.”] The same as Keloide, 
 which see. 
 
 Sclr-rho'ma, at?/?.* [From mafpdio, 
 to “ harden.”] The same as Scirrhus. 
 
 Sclr-rho-sar'ca.* [From scir’rhus, 
 and <x<ip£, “flesh.”] The Scleriasis neona- 
 torum, or scirrhous hardening in the flesh 
 of new-born infants. See Scleroma. 
 
 Seir'iiions. [Scirrlio'siis: from 
 scir'rhus.] Of the nature of scinhus, or 
 pertaining to scirrhus. 
 
 Scir'rlins.* [Gr. mcifpog; Fr. Sqnirrhe, 
 or Squirre , sk&R.] A hard, indolent tu- 
 mor, mostly affecting a glandular part, 
 but occasionally occurring in other tis- 
 sues. It generally precedes cancer in the 
 ulcerated state. A genus of the order 
 Tumores, class Locales, of Cullen's Nosol- 
 ogy. 
 
 S^at-a-miii'e-se.* A synonym for 
 Zingiberaceje, which see. 
 
 S^i-u-ri'ni,* or S^i'u-rines. [From 
 
 sciu'rus, a “squirrel.”] A family of Ro- 
 dents, of which the genus Sciurus is the 
 type. They are distinguished by their 
 very narrow lower incisors, and by their 
 long bushy tail. 
 
 S$I'u-roid. [From the same.] In 
 Botany, like a squirrel's tail. 
 
 Selerasitliacese,* skle-ran-tha'she-e. 
 [From Scleran' thus, one of the genera.] 
 A small natural order of exogenous 
 plants, found in Europe, Asia, and North 
 America. They are all weeds. 
 
 Sele-re nia, a tis* [From mc\rip6s, 
 “hard,” and oede'ma, a “dropsical swell- 
 ing.”] A hard or indurated oedema. 
 
 493 
 
SCL 
 
 SCO 
 
 Scle-rem'a-tons. Belonging to scle- 
 rema; of the nature of sclerema. 
 
 Scl&r-en-se-pha'li-a.* [From ok\ti- 
 pog, “hard,” and eytdpaXo^ the “ brain.”] 
 Induration of the substance of the brain. 
 
 Scle-ri'a-sis.* [Fromo-*A> 7 pdj,“ hard.”] 
 An induration, or hard tumor; ascirrhus. 
 
 Seifer'o-sren. [From cicXnpos, “ hard,” 
 and ykvm, to “be born,” to “be pro- 
 duced.”] The same as Lignine, which 
 see. 
 
 Scle-ros? 'e-iius. * [From c<Xrip6g f 
 
 “hard,” and yevvdm, to “produce.”] Mak- 
 ing hard; hardening or thickening. 
 
 Scle-ro'ana, a tis* [From aicXr,pdco, to 
 “harden.”] Properly, a hard tumor. Ap- 
 plied to an induration of the cellular 
 tissue, arteries, integuments, <fcc. 
 
 Seler-o-me'ninx.* [From asXripdg, 
 “hard,” and pomy%, a “membrane.”] 
 Literally, the “ hard or tough membrane.” 
 A name for the Dura Mater, which see. 
 
 Scler-opli-tlial'mi-a.* [From 
 
 cKXnpdg, “hard,” and dbOaXyog, an “eye.”] 
 Protrusion of the eyeball. Inflammation 
 of the eye, attended with hardness. 
 
 Scler-o-pl»ylTus.* [From acXripos, 
 “hard,” and (pvXXov , a “leaf.”] Having 
 rigid or stiff leaves. 
 
 Scler'o-pus.* [From cKXrjpog, “hard,” 
 and Trouf, a “foot.”] Having the foot or 
 stipes very hard. 
 
 Scler-o-sar-co'ma, a tis.% [From 
 o/cXripds, “hard,” and odpKmya, a “fleshy 
 tumor.”] A hard, fleshy excrescence. 
 
 Scle-ro'sis.* The progress of scle- 
 roma. Virchow defines the term to be 
 “ thickening with condensation.” 
 
 Scle-ro'tal. [Sclerota'lis; from 
 i vcXipog , “hard.”] Applied by Owen to 
 the cartilaginous or osseous parts of the 
 sclerotic coat of the eye. 
 
 Scle-rot'ic. [Sclerot'icus; from 
 
 c/fA?/poa>, to “harden.”] Hard; tough. 
 
 Sclerot'ic Coat. [Tunica Scle- 
 rot'ica.] The same as Sclerotica, 
 which see. 
 
 Scle-rot'I-ca.* [From sclerot' icus, 
 “ hard.”] The hard, dense, fibrous mem- 
 brane of the eye, which with the cornea 
 forms the external coat or tunic of that 
 organ ; sometimes called the white of the 
 eye. 
 
 Scle-ro'tis.* A name for the Scle- 
 rotica, which see. 
 
 Scle-ro-ti'tia, i die.* [From scle- 
 ro'tis.\ Inflammation of the sclerotic 
 coat of the eye. 
 
 Sco-bic'u-lar. [Scobicula'ri* ; 
 
 from scobs , sco'bis, “sawdust.”] The 
 same as Scobiform. 
 
 494 
 
 Scob'i-form. [Scobifor'mis; from 
 the same.] Applied to seeds that are 
 fine as sawdust. 
 
 Scobs,* gen. Sco'bis. Any powder 
 or dust produced by sawing, filing, &c. 
 Also, the scoria of any metal. 
 
 Scol'e-coid. [Scolecoi'des ; from 
 <7 Vu 3A?7|, a “worm,” and eUog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a worm; vermiform. 
 
 ScoI-e-col'o-g , y» [Scolecolo'gia; 
 from oKjoXrj%, a “worm,” and Aoyos, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise upon worms; the 
 science of worms. 
 
 Sco-li-o'ma, a tis.% [Gr. oKoXiwpa ; 
 from cKoXiow, to “crook,” to “bend.”] 
 A bend or curve. Applied to a morbid 
 curvature of the spine. 
 
 Sco-lI-o'sis. i: [Gr. cKoXiaxrig ; from 
 
 the same.] A distortion of the spine. 
 The progress or formation of scolioma. 
 
 Sco-li-ot'ic. [Scoliot'icus.] Be- 
 longing to scoliosis. 
 
 Scolloped. See Crenate, and 
 Scalloped. 
 
 Sco-pa'ri-um.* The Pharmacopoeia! 
 name (Ed. and Dub. Ph.) for the tops of 
 Cytisus scoparius. See next article. 
 
 Sco-pa'ri-us.* [From sco'pse , a 
 “broom.”] Broom. The Pharmaco- 
 pceial name || for the fresh tops of the 
 Cytisus scoparius, otherwise termed the 
 Spartium scoparium, and Sarotham'mus 
 scopa’rius. Broom is diuretic and 
 cathartic, and has often proved useful as 
 a remedy in dropsy. 
 
 Scor'a-mis.* [From <m3p, “ordure.”] 
 A night-stool, or night-chair. 
 
 Scor-bu'tic. [Scorbu'ticus.] Re- 
 lating to scorbutus , or scurvy, or affected 
 with scurvy. 
 
 Scor-bu'tus.* The scurvy, a disease 
 characterized by heaviness, dejection of 
 spirits, bloated countenance, livid spots 
 on the skin, offensive breath, spongy 
 gums, with occasional haemorrhage from 
 the mouth and nostrils, swelling of the 
 legs, etc. A genus of the order Impcti - 
 y ines, class Cachexisc, of Cullen’s Nosol- 
 ogy ; also termed Porphyra. 
 
 Sco'ri-a,* plural Sco'rl-se. [From 
 (TKtUp, “excrement.”] Properly, the dross 
 of melted metals. Usually applied to 
 volcanic cinders. 
 
 Sco-rl-a'ccous. [Scoria'ceus.] Re- 
 lating to, or like, scoria. 
 
 Scoria*. See Scoria. 
 
 Sco'rl-form. [Scorifor'niis: from 
 sco'ria.] Having the character or ap- 
 pearance of scoria?. 
 
 Scor'pi-oid. [Scorpio! 'dew: from 
 oKopnius, a “ scorpion,” and uiog, a “ form.”] 
 
SCO 
 
 scu 
 
 Resembling a scorpion ; coiled round like 
 a scorpion, as the branches of the cyme 
 of the Heliotrope. 
 
 Sco-tas'ma, a ft*.* [From gkotol^m, to 
 “darken.”] Dimness of sight. 
 
 Scotcli-Fid'dle. A vulgar term for 
 
 scabies. 
 
 Sco-to'ma,* plural Sco-to'ma-ta. 
 
 [From okoto<; , “darkness.”] Darkness 
 before the eyes; obscurity of vision; an 
 affection symptomatic of various dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Scott’s A$'id Bath. A bath of 
 diluted aqua regia, employed by Dr. Scott 
 as a remedy for jaundice. The aqua 
 regia should be compounded of three 
 parts in measure of muriatic acid, and 
 two of nitric acid; and in preparing 
 them for use, a pint of the combined acid 
 is to be mixed with a pint of water. The 
 acid bath is to consist of three ounces 
 of this diluted acid to every gallon of 
 water. 
 
 Scro-bic'u-late. [Scrobocula'tus ; 
 
 from scrobic'nlus, a “ditch,” or “cavity.”] 
 Pitted; marked with pits or cavities. 
 
 Scro-bic-u-lo'sus.* [From the same:] 
 Synonymous with Scrobiculate. 
 
 Scro-bic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of 
 scrobs, a “ditch.”] A little ditch; a pit 
 or hollow. 
 
 Scrobic'ulus Cor'dis.* (Literally, 
 the “Pit of the Heart.”) The hollow 
 part near the region of the heart; the pit 
 of the stomach. 
 
 Scrof'u-la,* written also Scroph'u- 
 la.* [From scro'/a, a “sow;” because 
 swine are, it is said, sometimes affected 
 with a similar disease.] (Fr. Scrofulas, 
 skRo'ful', and Ecrouellcs , AkRoo'ell'.) 
 The king's evil. A disease characterized 
 chiefly by chronic swelling of absorbent 
 glands, particularly of the neck, behind 
 the ears, and under the chin, tending 
 slowly to imperfect suppuration. A ge- 
 nus of the order Impetigines, class Ca- 
 chexia, of Cullen’s Nosology; also termed 
 Struma. 
 
 Scrof-u-lo'sis.* The morbid condi- 
 tion or progress of scrofula. 
 
 Scrof'u-lous. [Scrofulo'sus.] 
 
 Having scrofula; of the nature of scrof- 
 ula. 
 
 Scroph'u-la.* The same as Scrof- 
 ula, which see. 
 
 Scroph-u.la'ri-a Ko-do'sa.* The 
 
 systematic name of the figwort, a plant 
 of the natural order Scrophvlariacese. 
 
 Scrophulariaccse,* skrof-u-la-re- 
 a'she-e. [From Scrophula'ria, one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 
 plants (herbs or shrubs), found in all 
 parts of the world, except the coldest. 
 They are allied to Solanacese, and are 
 generally acrid and bitterish. Some of 
 them are poisonous. It includes the 
 Diyita’lis (Foxglove) and Calcevla’ria. 
 
 Scroph-u-la'rl-av the plural of 
 Scrophula'ria, forming the Jussieuan 
 name of an order of plants. SeeScROPH- 
 
 ULARIACEjE. 
 
 ScroplMi-lo'sis. The same as 
 SCROFULOSIS. 
 
 Scro'tal. [Scrota'lis.] Relating to 
 the scrotum. 
 
 Scro'tal Mer'ni-a. [Ilcr'uia 
 Scrota'lis, or Hcr'nia Scro'ti.] The 
 
 protrusion of a part or parts of the vis- 
 cera, into the scrotum; termed also Os- 
 cheocele, and Scrotocele. 
 
 Scro'tl-form. [Scroti for nit* ; 
 
 from scro'tum, a “bag,” or “pouch.”] 
 Pouch-shaped. 
 
 Scro'to-^ele.* [From scro'tum, and 
 KiiXrj, a “ tumor.”] The same as Scrotal 
 Hernia, which see. 
 
 Scro tum, * gen. Scro'ti. (Literally, 
 a “ bag,” or “ pouch.”) The common 
 integuments which enclose the testicles 
 as in a bag, or pouch. 
 
 Scru'ple. [Scru'pulus; diminu- 
 tive of scru’pus, a “little stone.”] A 
 weight of twenty grains. See Gramma. 
 
 Scurf. [Fur fur, ur?s.] Small ex- 
 foliations of the cuticle, or branlike 
 scales which occur on the scalp or skin, 
 after some cutaneous eruptions; dandriff. 
 In Botany, applied to minute or branlike 
 scales on the epidermis. 
 
 Scurvy. See Scorbutus. 
 
 Scu'tatc. [Scuta'tus; from scu' turn, 
 a “shield.”] Shield-shaped. Applied 
 in Zoology to a surface protected by large 
 scales. 
 
 Scu-teria,* or Scu-tel'Ium.* [Dimi- 
 nutive of sen' turn, a “shield”?] Lite- 
 rally, a “platter.” Applied to a speci* s 
 of fructification, orbicular, concave, and 
 raised at the margin, as in some lichens. 
 Also, a small triangular piece on the back 
 of the mesothorax, between the elytra, or 
 the wings of insects. 
 
 Scu-tel'lse,* the plural of Scutella, 
 which see. 
 
 Scu-tel-la'ri-a.* Scullcnp. ThePhar- 
 macopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
 of the Scutelfa'ria laterijlo’ ra. It is 
 reputed an efficacious nervine. 
 
 Scu'tel-latc. [Scutella'tus; from 
 scvteVla , “a platter.”] Applied to a 
 lichen that is covered with scutellse. Hav- 
 ing c>nceptacles formed like scutellse. 
 
 495 
 
scu 
 
 SEC 
 
 Scu-tel'lX-forai. [Scutellifor'mis ; 
 
 from scutel'la, a “ platter/'] Formed like 
 a platter. 
 
 Scu-tel-lo-i'des.* [From scutel'la, 
 a “ platter,” and eldog, a “form."] Re- 
 sembling a scutella. 
 
 Scii-ti-braii-cflii-a'tus.* [From scu'- 
 tum, a “ shield," and branchiae.] Applied 
 in the plural neuter ( Scutobranchia'ta ) 
 to an order of Gasterop'oda, in which the 
 shell covers the animal, and particularly 
 the branchiae, like a shield. 
 
 Sen'tX-forui. [Scutifter'mis ; from 
 sen' turn , a “shield."] Resembling a 
 shield in form. 
 
 Scu'ti-ped. [Scu'tipes, p'ecfo's; from 
 scu'tum, a “shield," and pes, a “foot."] 
 Literally, “shield-footed." Applied to a 
 family of birds having the forepart of 
 the legs covered with segments of un- 
 equal horny rings, ending on each side in 
 a groove. 
 
 Scu'toid. [Scwtoi'des; from scu'- 
 tum, a “shield."] Resembling a shield; 
 scutiform. 
 
 S^yfo'a-lnm,* plural S^yb'a-la. 
 
 [From cKvSa\ov, “ordure."] Dry, hard 
 excrement that has formed into little 
 rounded balls like sheep’s dung, or some- 
 what larger. 
 
 S^y' plii-form. [Scyphifor'mis ; 
 
 from aKvpog, a “cup."] Formed like a 
 cup or goblet. 
 
 S^y-plio-i'des.* [From oKvpog, a 
 “cup," and e'idog, a “ form."] Resembling 
 a cup: scy'phoid. 
 
 Scytoblasta. See Scytoblastema. 
 
 S^y-to-blas-te'ma, a tis.% [From 
 okvto;, a “ skin," and PX.iarrj/xa, a 
 “growth."] The organic growth or de- 
 velopment of the skin ; also of the exan- 
 themata. 
 
 Scy-to-blas-te'sis.* The progress 
 of scytoblaatema. 
 
 Sc I>e- fen-den 'do.* (“In Defend- 
 ing Oneself.") Applied in Medical Juris- 
 prudence to a species of excusable 
 homicide, the consequence of a lawful 
 act done in self-preservation. 
 
 Seam. See Suture. 
 
 Sea-Onion. The Scil'la marit'ima, 
 or squill. 
 
 Searcli'iii£. The operation of intro- 
 ducing a metallic instrument through 
 the urethra into the bladder, to ascertain 
 the presence of a calculus. 
 
 Sea-Salt. The chloride of sodium, 
 obtained from sea-water. See Sodii 
 Chloridum. 
 
 Sea-Sick 'n oss. [Nan'seaMari'na.] 
 
 A distressing kind of sickness, accom- 
 496 
 
 panied with vomiting, generally expe- 
 rienced at sea by those who are as yet 
 unused to the motion of the vessel. 
 After one has become somewhat accus- 
 tomed to a sea-life, it usually abates, or 
 ceases altogether ; but there are those 
 who, though almost constantly at sea, 
 are always liable to a return of this 
 affection whenever the water is unusu- 
 ally agitated. 
 
 Se-ba'ceous. [Seba'ceus; from 
 
 se'bum, or se'vum, “suet."] (Fr. Sebace, 
 sAbAsA.) Fatty; suety. Applied to 
 glands which secrete an oily matter re- 
 sembling suet. 
 
 Se-ba^'ic. [Seba$'icus; from se'bum, 
 “ suet," or “ tallow."] Applied to an acid 
 obtained from suet and other oils. 
 
 Se'bate. [Se'bas, a'f/s.] A combi- 
 nation of sebacic acid with a base. 
 
 Se-bif 'er-ous. [Sebif'erus; from 
 se'bum, “suet," or “tallow," and fe'ro, 
 to “bear."] Bearing or producing fat or 
 oil. Applied to certain plants. 
 
 Se-bip'a-rous. [Sebip'arus; from 
 se'bum, “tallow," and pa' no, to “pro- 
 duce," or “bear."] Producing, forming, 
 or secreting fat or oil. 
 
 Sebum. See Sevum. 
 
 Se-ca'le.* [From se'co, to “cut."] 
 (Fr. Seiyle, segl or s&gl.) Rye. A Lin- 
 naean genus of the class Triandria , natu- 
 ral order Graminacese. 
 
 Seca'Ie Ce-re-a'le.* The systematic 
 name of common rye. 
 
 Seca'Ie CoMiu'tnmJ (“Horned, or 
 Spurred, Rye.") The ergot of rye: a 
 diseased growth, or excrescence, on the 
 Secale cereale, black, and curved like the 
 spur of a fowl. See Ergota. 
 
 Sec'a-Sia. [Secali'na.] The gluten 
 of the Secale cereale. 
 
 Sec-a-li'ims.* Belonging to the 
 Secjale cereale, or to the Secale cor nut um. 
 
 Se'caait. [Se'caias; from se'co , to 
 “cut."] “Cutting." Applied to a right 
 line drawn from the centre of a circle to 
 one extremity of an arc, and produced 
 until it meets the tangent to the other 
 extremity. 
 
 Se-cer'nent. [Secer'nens, or Se- 
 creto'rius; from secer'no, to “ separate," 
 or “secrete."] (Fr. Secrttoire, sAkuA- 
 twau'.) Literally, “separating," and, 
 hence, “ secreting." Applied to those ves- 
 sels whose function is to separate mate- 
 rials from the blood, either for the repro- 
 duction of the several parts of the body, 
 or for the purpose of throwing off effete 
 matter from the system. 
 
 Second In-ten'tion. Healing or 
 
closing of wounds by the second inten- 
 tion means a cure by the processes of sup- 
 puration, granulation, and cicatrization. 
 See First Intention. 
 
 Second Pair (of Nerves). See Op- 
 tic Nerve. 
 
 Sec'on-da-ry. [From secun'dus, 
 “second,” “inferior.”] Second in order 
 of time or place: inferior in importance, 
 subordinate: hence, supervening, as, se- 
 condary symptoms of a disease; those 
 which supervene on the primary. 
 
 Sec'oiidary. Applied to a quill at- 
 tached to the forearm, or second portion 
 of the wings, of birds. 
 
 Sec'ondary Fe'ver. The febrile 
 condition ensuing after a crisis, or after 
 the discharge of some morbid matter. 
 
 Sec'ondary Rocks or Stra'ta. A 
 series of stratified rocks, between the 
 primary and lowest tertiary strata. 
 
 Secondary Syphilis. See Syphilis. 
 
 Se-cre'ta.* [Plural of secre'tum , any 
 thing secreted.] The secretions, as milk, 
 saliva, bile, etc. See Secretion. 
 
 Se-cre'tion. [Secre'tio, o 'nis; from 
 secer'no, secre'tnm , to “ separate,” or 
 “secrete.”] A natural function of the 
 body, by which various fluids or sub- 
 stances are separated from the blood, 
 differing in different organs according 
 to their peculiar function : thus, the liver 
 secretes the bile, the salivary glands the 
 saliva, the kidneys the urine, etc. The 
 term secretion is also applied to the thing 
 secreted from the blood of an animal or 
 the sap of a plant. 
 
 S£cr£toire. See Secernent. 
 
 Se-cre'to-ry, or Se'ere-fo-ry. 
 [Secreto'riws.] The same as Secer- 
 nent, which see. 
 
 Sec'tile. [See'tilis; from se'co, sec' - 
 tum, to “cut.”] Capable of being cut. 
 
 Sec'tio (sek'she-o) Ca-dav'e-ris.* 
 (“Cutting of a Dead Body.”) The dis- 
 section of a dead body : usually ap- 
 plied to an autopsy, or post-mortem ex- 
 amination. 
 
 Sectio Caesarea. See Cesarean 
 Section. 
 
 Sec'tio Nym-pha'riim.'* (“ Cutting 
 of the Nymphae.”) See Nymphotomy. 
 
 Sec'tflon. [Sec'tio, o' nis; from se'co , 
 sec' turn, to “cut.”] A cutting; dissec- 
 tion. A line made by the intersection of 
 two planes; also, the surface formed 
 when a solid body is cut by a plane. 
 
 Se'cunid. [From se'quor, to “follow :” 
 because one part seems to follow the 
 course or example of the other.] Hav- 
 ing all the parts turned to the same 
 
 side of the axis. Applied to certain 
 flowers, or other organs of plants. 
 
 Sec tin -dine, or Se-cuii'dine. [Se- 
 ciin'rima; from secun'dus , “second.”] 
 The second or inner coat of the ovule of a 
 plant. Applied in the plural to the after- 
 birth, because expelled after the foetus. 
 
 Sec undines. See Secundine. 
 
 Se-cun'dum.* [From se'quor , to 
 “follow.”] A Latin term signifying 
 “ following,” or “ according to.” 
 
 £e-cun'duni Ar'tem.* (“Accord- 
 ing to Art.”) That is, “according to the 
 most approved method.” 
 
 Se-cn-rif 'er-us.* [From secu'ris, 
 an “axe,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Ap- 
 plied to certain insects provided with an 
 instrument for cutting or preparing a 
 place in which to deposit their eggs. 
 Also, the same as Securigerous. 
 
 Se-cii'ri-farm. [Securifor'mis; 
 from secu'ris , an “axe.”] Shaped like 
 an axe. 
 
 Se*cu-rig'er-oiis. [Secnrig'erns ; 
 
 from secu'ris, an “ axe,” and ge'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing an axe, or what re- 
 sembles an axe or hatchet. Applied to 
 certain plants. 
 
 Sed. = Se'des* “A stool.” 
 
 Sedantia. See Sedatives. 
 
 Se-da'tion. [Seda'tio, o'nis; from 
 sc' do , seda'tum , to “ allay. ”j The act of 
 calming; the action of a sedative. 
 
 Sed'a-tive. [Sedati'vns; from the 
 same.] Allaying irritability or excitement. 
 
 Sed'a-tlves. [Scdali'va, and Se- 
 dan'tia.] Medicines which by their 
 immediate influence diminish vital action. 
 Some, being more especially directed to 
 the circulatory system, are termed arterial 
 sedatives; while others, exerting a direct 
 influence on the nervous system, are called 
 nervous sedatives. 
 
 Sed-en-ta'ri-a Os'sa.* (“Sedentary 
 Bones.”) Applied to the bones on which 
 we sit, the Os is chi i and Os coccygis. 
 
 Sed'en-ta-ry. [Sedenta rius; from 
 se’deo, to “ sit.”] Sitting habitually ; re- 
 quiring a sitting posture. 
 
 Sedes. See Stool. 
 
 Sed'i-ment. [Sedimen'titm ; from 
 se'deo, to “remain,” or “settle.”] The 
 particles in liquids which by their weight 
 fall to the bottom. 
 
 Sed-i-men'la-ry. [From the same.] 
 Relating to, or formed by, sediment. 
 Applied to stratified rocks formed of 
 materials deposited from a state of sus- 
 pension in water, — i.e. to all rocks except 
 those of igneous origin. 
 
 Sed'litz Pow'der. A compound of 
 
 497 
 
SED 
 
 SEM 
 
 Rochelle salt, carbonate of soda, and tar- 
 taric acid, which, dissolved in water, 
 forms an effervescing aperient liquid in 
 imitation of Sedlitz water. See Pul- 
 YERES EFFERVESCENTES ApERIENTES. 
 
 Se'dnm A'ere. $ (“ Acrid Sedum.”) 
 The systematic name of the small house- 
 leek, a plant of the Linnaean class De- 
 candria, natural order Crass ulacese. It 
 is emetic and cathartic. 
 
 Seed. [Lat. Se'men; Gr.cnr %*a; Fr. 
 Semence, seh-moNss'.] The seed of a plant 
 is a body produced by the agency of a 
 flower, containing a ready-formed plant- 
 let or germ, called the embryo. The seed, 
 like the ovule, of which it is the fertil- 
 ized and matured state, consists of a 
 nucleus , or kernel, usually enclosed in 
 two integuments, viz.: the Testa (or 
 Episperm), and the Tegmen, which see. 
 See also Semen. 
 
 Seed-Bud. See Germen, and Germ. 
 
 Seed-Coat. See Aril. 
 
 Seed-Down. See Pappus. 
 
 Seed-JLobe. See Cotyledon. 
 
 Seed-Vessel. See Pericarp. 
 
 Seeing-. See Vision. 
 
 Seg'ment. [S eg men 'turn ; from 
 se'co , to “cut.”] A section : a part cut 
 out of something; one of the divisions 
 or lobes of a leaf or other organ of a 
 plant. The segment of a circle is the 
 part of its area comprised between a 
 chord and the arc which it subtends. 
 
 Seg're-gat-ed, or Seg' re-gate. [Seg- 
 grega'tus; from seg'rego, segrega'tum , 
 to “ separate from the flock.”] Sepa- 
 rated ; insulated. 
 
 Seidlitz Powder. See Sedlitz 
 Powder. 
 
 Seigle. See Secale. 
 
 Seignette’s (s&n-yetts') Salt. The 
 same as Rochelle salt, which was disco- 
 vered by Seignette, of Rochelle. 
 
 Sel. The French word for Salt, 
 which see. 
 
 Selaginaceae,* se-laj-e-na'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous plants, found 
 in Europe and at the Cape of Good 
 Hope. It includes the Sela'go. 
 
 Se-le'ni-ate. [Sele'nias, a'f/s.] A 
 combination of sclenic acid with a base. 
 
 Se-len'ic. [Selen'icus.] Belong- 
 ing to selenium. Applied to an acid 
 obtained from it. 
 
 Sel-e-nif 'er-ous. [Selenif 'erus ; 
 
 from scle' ilium, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Containing selenium. 
 
 Se-le'ni-oiiN. [Sclenio'sus.] Ap- 
 plied to an acid, the second degree of 
 oxidation of selenium. 
 
 498 
 
 Se-le'nate. [Sele'nis, i'f/s.] A com-, 
 bination of selenious acid with a base. 
 
 Sel'e-nite. [Seleni'tes; from aeXnvrj, 
 the “ moon,” and \i0o;, a “stone:” named 
 on account of its silvery lustre.] A spe- 
 cies of La'pis specula' vis , or transparent 
 sulphate of lime. 
 
 Sel-e-aiit'ic. [Selenit/icus.] Ap- 
 plied to waters which hold in solution 
 selenite, or sulphate of lime. 
 
 Se-le'nl-iiBn.* [From ce\rjvrj, the 
 “moon.” See Tellurium.] A non-me- 
 tallic elementary body which resembles 
 sulphur in chemical properties. It is 
 brittle, opaque, tasteless, insoluble in 
 water and unaltered by air. 
 
 Seleniuret, se-len'yu-ret. [Seleaii- 
 uretiiin.] A compound of selenium 
 with a simple body. 
 
 Sel-e-Biog'ra-pliy. [Selenogra'- 
 ptiia; from az\fivr], the “moon,” and 
 ypa0a>, to “write.”] A description of the 
 surface of the moon. 
 
 Sel-e-no-to-pog'ra-phy. [Seleno- 
 topogB*a'pbia; from at A the “moon,” 
 toko;, a “place,” and ypu</>w, to “write.”] 
 A description of the places on the surface 
 of the moon. See Topography. 
 
 Se-li 'bra,* or Sem-I-li 'bra.* [F rom 
 se'mis, “half,” and li'bra , a “pound.”] 
 Half a pound. 
 
 Sel'la Tur'^i-ca.* (Fr. Selle Tur- 
 cique, sell tur's^k'.) (“Turkish Saddle.”) 
 The small depression within the four 
 clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone, 
 on which the pituitary gland rests. 
 
 Sem. = Se'men ,* “seed,” or Sem'ina ,* 
 “ seeds.” 
 
 Se-mei-og'ra-pby. [Semeiogra'- 
 phia; from anpeiov, a “ sign,” or “ symp- 
 tom,” and ypeupo), to “write.”] A descrip- 
 tion of the signs of disease. 
 
 Se-mei-olo-gy. [Semeiologia ; 
 from anpriov, a “ sign,” or “symptom,” and 
 Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] That branch of 
 Medicine which treats of the signs or 
 symptoms of disease; symptomatology; 
 symbology. 
 
 Se-mcB-o'sis.* [From orj/ictdij, to 
 “mark.”] Applied to the observation of 
 the signs or symptoms of disease. 
 
 Se-mei-ot/ic. [Semeiot'icus: from 
 semeiot'ice.] Belonging to the signs or 
 symptoms of diseases. 
 
 Se-meI-ot'ic». [Semeiot'loa, or 
 SeBiieiot/ice ; from oripcioco, to “mark 
 with a sign.”] That branch of Medicine 
 which treats of the signs or symptoms 
 of diseases. See Semeiosis. 
 
 Se'men,* plural Sean'i-na. [From 
 se'ro, se'vi , to “sow.”] (Fr. Sentence , 
 
SEM 
 
 SEN 
 
 seh moNss'.) The seed of a plant. (See 
 Seed.) Also, the seminal liquor secreted 
 in the testicles of animals. See Sperma- 
 tozoon. 
 
 Se'men Con'tra.* An abbreviation 
 of Semen contra Vermes, which see. 
 
 Se'men con tra Ver mes.* (“ Seed 
 against Worms.”) A mixture often kept 
 in the shops on the European Continent, 
 as a vermifuge. It consists of the unex- 
 panded llowers of different species of Ar- 
 temisia, mixed occasionally with the seeds. 
 
 Se'racn Sanc'tum.* (“ Holy Seed 
 so named on account of its supposed 
 virtues.) The seed of Artemisia santonica. 
 
 Semen, Slow Emission of. See 
 Bradyspermatismus. 
 
 Scmencc. See Seed, and Semen. 
 
 Sem i-. [From se'mis , “ half.”] A 
 prefix denoting half. 
 
 Sem-i-cir'cu-lar €a-nals'. Three 
 canals, of a form indicated by their name, 
 in the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone, and opening into the vestibulum. 
 
 Sem-i-cor'date. [From se'mis , 
 
 “half,” and cor , cor'dis, a “heart.”] 
 Half heart-shaped (divided lengthwise). 
 
 Sem-i-cu'pi-um.* [From se'mis , and 
 cu'bo, to “lie down.”] A half-bath, or 
 hip-bath. 
 
 Seaiadr. == Semidr ach'ma.% “ Half a 
 drachm.” 
 
 Sem-I-flos'cu-lar. [From se'mis, 
 “ half,” and Jlos, a “ flower.”] Applied to 
 ahead of flowers whose petals are ligulate. 
 
 Semilt. = Semiho'ra.* “ Half an 
 hour.” 
 
 Sem-I-lu'nar. [Semiluna ris; from 
 se'mis , a “half,” and lu'na, the “moon.”] 
 Resembling a half-moon, or crescent. 
 
 Semilu'nar Gan'gii-a. The gan- 
 glia formed on the sympathetic nerve as 
 it enters the abdomen, from which nerves 
 are distributed to the viscera; the ab- 
 dominal ganglia. 
 
 Semilunar Valves. [Vai vulffi 
 Semiluna'res.] The three valves at 
 the commencement of the aorta ; also 
 applied to the same number at the be- 
 ginning of the pulmonary artery. 
 
 Sem-i-lu'nate. The same as Semi- 
 lunar, which see. 
 
 Sem-i-mem-bra-no'siis.* [From 
 sem'is, a “ half,” and membra' na, a “ mem- 
 brane.”] (“Half-membranous [Muscle].”) 
 A muscle arising from the tuber ischii 
 and inserted into the head of the tibia 
 and into the lower part of the femur. 
 It bends the leg. 
 
 Sem'i-na,* gen. Sein'i-num, the 
 plural of Semen, a “seed.” 
 
 Sem i-nal. [Semina'lis; from se'- 
 men, a “seed.”] Belonging to seed, or 
 the semen ; relating to seed. 
 
 Seminal Air. See Aura Seminalis. 
 
 Sem-i-na'tion. [Scmina'tio,o '»/« ; 
 from se'men, a “seed,” or the “semen.”] 
 Literally, the “ act of sowing seed.” The 
 natural dispersion of seeds ; also, the iin- 
 mission of the semen in uterum. 
 
 Sem-I-nif ' er-oiis. [Seminif crus ; 
 from se'men, “ seed,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
 Bearing seeds; also, conveying the semi- 
 nal fluid. 
 
 Se-min i-form. [Seminiforniis ; 
 
 from se'men, “ seed.”] Having the ap- 
 pearance of seed. 
 
 Se-min'u-la,* or Se-min'n-lnm.* 
 
 [Diminutive of se'men, “seed.”] Often 
 applied to the reproductive corpuscles of 
 cryptogamous plants. 
 
 Sem-I-or-bic'u-lar. [From sem'i , 
 “half,” and or' bis, an “orb,” or “cir- 
 cle.”] Half-round: semicircular. 
 
 Sem-i-o'vate. [From sem'i, “half,” 
 and ova'tus, “ovate.”] Like the half of 
 an ovate figure divided longitudinally. 
 
 Se'mis,* or Se- mis ' sis.* The half 
 of any thing. See SS. 
 
 Sem-i-sep'tate. [From se'mis, a 
 “half,” and sep'tum, a “ partition.”] In 
 Botany, having a partition reaching 
 partly across. 
 
 Sein-I-Spi-na'les.* [From se'mis, 
 “half,” and spi'na , a “spinous process;” 
 because they are attached half to the 
 spinous and half to the transverse pro- 
 cesses.] Two muscles connected with the 
 transverse and spinous processes of the 
 vertebrae, and termed respectively semi - 
 spina'lis col'li, and semispina' lis dor'si. 
 
 Semissis. See Semis. 
 
 Sem-I-ten-di-no'sus.* (“ Semiten- 
 dinous [Muscle].”) The name of a mus- 
 cle arising from the tuber ischii and in- 
 serted into the anterior tuberosity of the 
 tibia. It bends the leg. 
 
 Sem'I-te-rete. [From sem'i, “half,” 
 and te'res, “long and round.”] Half 
 cylindrical. Applied to plants. 
 
 Sem-per-vi'rent. [From sem'per, 
 “always,” and vi'rens, the present parti- 
 ciple of vi'reo, to “be green.”] Ever- 
 green. 
 
 Sem-peir-vi'vce.* [From sem'per, 
 “always,” and vi'vus, “alive,” or “liv- 
 ing.”] The Jussieuan name of a natu- 
 ral order of plants. See Crassulace^e. 
 
 Sene. See Senna. 
 
 Sen'e-ca Oil. A name given to a 
 variety of petroleum obtained on or near 
 Seneca Lake, in the State of New York. 
 
 499 
 
SEN 
 
 SEP 
 
 It nas been much used as an external 
 application in rheumatism. 
 
 Sene'ci© (se-ne'she-o) Vul-g’a'ris.* 
 Groundsel.. A plant of the natural order 
 Composite. It is emetic in large doses, 
 but is seldom used. It is sometimes ap- 
 plied externally to painful swellings and 
 ulcers. 
 
 Se-nec'ttis, n't is* [From se’nex, 
 “ old.’’] (Fr. Vieillesse, ve-A'yess'.) Old 
 age; usually reckoned from about, the 
 sixtieth year. 
 
 Sen'e-ga.* [From Sen'egal. ] Seneka. 
 The Pharmacopoeial || namj for the root 
 of Polyg'ala Sen’ ega. It is a stimulating 
 expectorant and diuretic. It was for- 
 merly regarded as a remedy for the bite 
 of the rattlesnake, whence the popular 
 name snake-root . 
 
 Sen'e-£in. [Senegi'na.] An alka- 
 line principle obtained from the root of 
 Polygala senega. 
 
 Se-nes'^ence. [Senescen'tia; from 
 8enes'co , to “grow old.”] The state or 
 progress of growing old. 
 
 Senev€, sAn'vA', or sAneh-v&'. A 
 French name for mustard. See Sinapis. 
 
 Senile. [Seni'lis; from se'nex, 
 "old;” also, an “old man.”] Of or be- 
 longing to old age; old: as, /Etas senilis 
 (“old age”), Arens senilis (“bow of old 
 age”). See Arcus Senilis.* 
 
 Sen'll a.** (Fr. Sene , sk'nk'.) The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 leaflets of Cassia acutifolia , C. obovata, 
 and C. elongata. Senna is a prompt, 
 efficient, and safe purgative, and is well 
 adapted to those affections in which a de- 
 cided but not violent impression is de- 
 sired. 
 
 Sen'na Al-ex-an-clri'na.* (“Alex- 
 andrine Senna.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Br. Ph.) for the leaves of various 
 species of Cassia. 
 
 Sen'na, A-mer'I-can. A name for 
 the Cassia Marilandica. 
 
 Sen'na In'dI-cqu* (“Indian Sen- 
 na.”) The Pharmacopoeial name for the 
 leaves of the Cassia elongata (Br. Ph.), 
 or C. offi, inalis (Lond. Ph.). See Senna. 
 
 So- n ©c ' n-late. [Senooula'tus ; 
 
 from se'ni, “six,” apd oc'ulus , an “eye.”] 
 Having six eyes. 
 
 Scn-siTtmn. [Sensa'ti©, © 'nis ; 
 from sen'tio, sen' sum, to “perceive,” to 
 “think,” or “ feel.”] The consciousness 
 of an impression made by an external 
 body on the organs of sense; the imme- 
 diate effect produced on the mind by the 
 contact of an external object with the 
 nerves of sensation. 
 
 500 
 
 Sensations, Diseases affecting; 
 
 tlie. See ^Esthetic. 
 
 Sense. [Sen'suss from sen'tio, sen' - 
 sum, to “ perceive,” to “ think,” or “ feel.”] 
 A faculty by which the properties or 
 conditions of external things are per- 
 ceived. There are usually reckoned five 
 senses : viz., sight, hearing (or audition), 
 taste, touch, and smell, which will be 
 noticed under their proper heads. 
 
 Sen-si-bil i-ty. [Sensibil'itas, a 'tis; 
 from the same.] That faculty by which 
 the brain perceives an impression made 
 upon it; the power by which living parts 
 receive impressions from the different 
 bodies placed in contact with them. 
 
 Sen'si-ble. [Sensib'ilis ; from the 
 same.] Capable of sensation; percepti- 
 ble by the senses; capable of exciting 
 sensation. 
 
 Sen'si-tive. [Sensiti' vus : from the 
 same.] Endowed with feeling ; easily 
 affected; sentient. 
 
 Sensitive Plant. A name for the 
 Mimo'sa pudi'ea , a small annual plant, 
 remarkable for the irritability or sponta- 
 neous motion of its pinnate leaflets, which 
 collapse and fold up when touched, or 
 when irritated by casting on them the 
 focus of a burning-glass. A similar 
 change takes place on the approach of 
 night, when the plant seems to go to sleep. 
 
 Sen-s©'ri-al. [Sens©ria'lis ; from 
 senso'rium, “ centre of sensation,” the 
 “ brain.”] Belonging to the sensorium. 
 
 Sen-so'ri-nm. $ [From sen'tio, sen'- 
 sum, to “ perceive,” or “ feel.”] Centre of 
 sensation ; the brain ; also, the collection 
 of ganglia at the base of the brain. 
 
 Senso'rium C©m-mn'ne.* (“ Com- 
 mon Sensorium.”) The common seat or 
 centre of all the senses, where the nerves 
 proper to the different organs of sense 
 take their origin. Applied to the brain. 
 
 Sen's©-ry. [Sens©'rins; from sen'- 
 8 us, “sense.”] A term applied to those 
 nerves which convey impressions to the 
 neural axis, as distinguished from the 
 motory nerves. 
 
 Sentient, sen'she-ent. [Sen'tiens; 
 from sen'tio, to “perceive,” or “feel.”] 
 Having sensation or feeling. That which 
 is particularly susceptible of sensation, 
 as the extremities of the nerves. 
 
 Sentimentalism. See Alusia, and 
 Elatio. 
 
 Se pal. [Sep'alnm: from se'par, “di- 
 vided”?] A division or leaf of a calyx. 
 
 Sep'a-line, or Sep'a-l©ns. [From 
 sep'alum, a “sepal.”] Relating to sepals. 
 
 Sep'a-l©id. [Sepal©i'«le»*, from 
 
SEP 
 
 SEP 
 
 sep’alum, a “ sepal,” and £?<5 oj, a “form.”] 
 liesembling a sepal. 
 
 Sep'a-riit-cd Flow'ers. When sta- 
 mens and pistils occupy separate flowers, 
 these are called separated. 
 
 Sep a-ra- to-r y . [Separato'rl um ; 
 from sep'aro, separa' turn, to “ separate.”] 
 A vessel used for separating fluids of 
 different densities, or liquors from the 
 materials with which they have been 
 mixed, or the essential from the less im- 
 portant parts. Also, an instrument for 
 separating the pericranium from the 
 skull, in post-mortem examinations or 
 dissections. 
 
 Sc'pi-a.* A pigment prepared from 
 a black juice secreted by the glands of 
 the Sepia , or cuttle-fish, which the ani- 
 mal ejects to darken the water and con- 
 ceal itself from its enemies. This juice 
 was used as ink by the ancients. It 
 forms a beautiful brown pigment with a 
 fine grain. See next article. 
 
 Se'pi-a-<lav- [From Se'pia, the 
 “cuttle-fish.”] A family of Mollusks of 
 the cuttle-fish tribe. They belong to the 
 order Cephalopoda, which see. 
 
 Sep'ta,* gen. Sep-to'rum, the plural 
 of Septum, which see. 
 
 Sep-tai'mi-jjL* [From o-^r^, “pu- 
 trid,” and alfxa , “blood.”] A morbid 
 state of the blood, caused by septic or 
 putrid matters received into the circula- 
 tion. Essentially the same as Ichor^emia. 
 
 Sep'tate. [From sep'tum, a “parti- 
 tion.”] Having a partition. Applied to 
 pericarps. 
 
 Sep-tem-an-gu-la'tus.* [From sep'- 
 tem, “ seven,” and an' (/ulus, an “ angle.”] 
 Having seven prominent angles. 
 
 Sep-tem-den ' tate. [Septemden- 
 ta'tus; from sep'tem , “seven,” and dens, 
 a “tooth.”] Having seven teeth. Ap- 
 plied to certain animals. 
 
 Sep-tem-lo'bate. [Septemloba'> 
 tus; from sep'tem, “seven,” and to' bus, 
 a “lobe.”] Having seven lobes. 
 
 Sep-tem-ner'vis.* [From sep'tem, 
 “seven,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] Hav- 
 ing seven nerves. 
 
 Sep'te-nate. [Septeua'tus ; from 
 septe'ni, “ seven,” “ by sevens.”] Disposed 
 in sevens. 
 
 Sep-ten'tri-o-nal. [Sep tent rio- 
 na'lis, or Septentriona'rius: from 
 septen'trio, the “north.”] Northern; 
 that which grows in or inhabits the 
 north or northern countries. 
 
 Septfoil. See Tormentilla. 
 
 Septlisemia. See Sept^emia. 
 
 Sep' tie. [Sep'ticus; from crjnct), to 
 43 
 
 “putrefy.”] Tending to putrefy; caus- 
 ing putrefaction. 
 
 Sep-ti-ci'dal. [Septici'dus ; from 
 
 sep'tum , a “fence,” a “partition,” and 
 cse'do , to “cut.”] Dehiscent by the par- 
 titions, — i.e. along the lines of junction. 
 Applied to the capsules of plants. 
 
 Sep- 1 if 'er-ous. [Septif erus; 
 
 from sep'tum, a “partition,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing or having septa. 
 
 Sep'ti-form. [Sept i for 'mis; from 
 sep'tum, a “partition.”] Formed like a 
 septum. 
 
 Sep-tif 'ra-gnl. [Septif ragus ; 
 
 from sep'tum, a “ partition,” and fran'yo, 
 to “ break.”] Septifragal dehiscence is 
 a modification of either the loculicidal, 
 or septicidal, in which the valves fall 
 away , leaving the dissepiments attached 
 to the axis. 
 
 Sep'ti-lis.* [From sep'tum, a “par- 
 tition.”] Applied to the placentarium 
 when attached to the septa: sep'tile. 
 
 Sep-tu-la'tus.* [From sep'tulum, a 
 “little septum.”] Having septula. 
 
 Sep-tu-lif 'er-ous. [Sept u lifer, or 
 Septulif 'erus ; from sep'tulum, a “ little 
 septum,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bear- 
 ing septula. 
 
 Sep'tu-lum,* plural Sep'tu-la. 
 
 [Diminutive of sep'tum, a “partition.”] 
 A “little septum.” Applied to a lamina 
 which divides the anther of the Orchids 
 into two cavities. 
 
 Septum,* plural Sep'ta. [From se'- 
 pxo, sep'tum, to “enclose,” to “fence in.”] 
 A Latin word signifying a “ fence,” 
 “partition,” or “enclosure.” In Botany, 
 a dissepiment. Also applied to bony, 
 cartilaginous, or membranous partitions 
 in the human body. 
 
 Sep'tum Au-ric-u-la'rum.* (“ Par- 
 tition of the Auricles.”) The partition 
 which separates the right from the left 
 auricle of the heart. 
 
 Sep'tum Cer-e-bel'li.* (“Partition 
 of the Cerebellum.”) The process of the 
 dura mater dividing the cerebellum per- 
 pendicularly into symmetrical halves. 
 
 Sep'tum Cer'e-bri.* (“ Partition 
 of the Brain, or Cerebrum.”) The falci- 
 form process of the dura mater. 
 
 Sep'tum Cordis.* (“Partition of 
 the Heart.”) The septum or partition 
 between the ventricles of the heart. 
 
 Sep'tum lai'ci-dum.* (“Pellucid 
 Septum.”) A thin triangular partition 
 between the lateral ventricles of the brain. 
 
 Sep'tum Na'ri-um.* (“Partition 
 of the Nostrils.”) The partition between 
 the nostrils. 
 
 501 
 
SEP 
 
 SER 
 
 Septum Pee-tin-i-for'me.- 
 
 (“ Comb-like Partition.”) An imperfect 
 tendinous septum separating the crura 
 of the penis. 
 
 Septum Scro'ti.* (“ Partition of 
 the Scrotum.”) A partition formed by 
 the dartos, dividing the scrotum into two 
 equal cavities and separating the testes. 
 
 Septum Trans-ver'sum.® 
 
 (“Transverse Partition.”) The dia- 
 phragm, which separates the thorax from 
 the abdomen. This term is also applied 
 to the tentorium cerebelli. 
 
 Sep' t urn V en -tric-u-lo'r um 
 
 (“Partition of the Ventricles.”) The 
 partition which separates the right from 
 the left ventricle of the heart. 
 
 Seq. Iaice = Sequen'ti Lu'ce “ The 
 following day.” 
 
 Se-que'la,* plural Se-que'Ise. [F rom 
 8e'quor , to “follow.”] A consequence or 
 sequel. In Pathology, sequelae are mor- 
 bid affections which succeed to acute or 
 severe diseases after the latter have 
 abated. 
 
 Se-que'lse,* gen. $eq-uc-la'rum, the 
 plural of Sequela, which see. 
 
 Se*ques'truin, :j [From seques'tro, 
 to “sever,” to “separate.”] Any dead 
 portion of bone in a wound, abscess, or 
 ulcer, cast off by necrosis. 
 
 Se'ri-al. [Seria'lis; from se'ries , 
 an “ order,” or “ row,” “ succession.”] 
 Following in a determinate order, or ar- 
 ranged in rows. 
 
 Se'ri-ate. [From the same.] The 
 same as Serial, which see. 
 
 Sericeous, se-rish'us. [Seri^'eus; 
 from ser'icum, “silk.”] Silky; resem- 
 bling silk. 
 
 Ser-I-ci-fo'li-us.* [From ser'icum, 
 “silk,” and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
 silken leaves. 
 
 Ser'i-cum.* [Gr. cripncdv.] Silk, the 
 product of several animals, but chiefly 
 of the Bom'byx mo'ri, or silkworm. In 
 Botany, applied to a kind of soft, hairy 
 pubescence, of a white, shini.ig, silky 
 appearance. 
 
 Se'ri-es.* [From se’ro , to “join.”] 
 A Latin word signifying an “order, or 
 continuous succession.” A geometrical 
 series is one to which each term is a 
 multiple of the preceding by a constant 
 factor. Series is applied in Geology to 
 a group of strata, as the “secondary 
 series,” the “transition series,” the “Si- 
 lurian series,” etc. 
 
 Ser'o-lin. [SeroM'na; from se'rum, 
 and o'leum , “oil.”] An oily or fatty mat- 
 ter discovered in the serum of the blood. 
 
 502 
 
 Se-ros'l-ty. [Serositas. a 'tie; from 
 se'rum, “whey.”] The serum of the 
 blood, or the whey of milk. 
 
 Se-rot'i-nons. [Serotinus; from 
 se'rus, “ late.”] Late; late in the even- 
 ing. In Botany, flowering or fruiting 
 late. See Membrana Serotina. 
 
 Se rous. [Sero'sus; from se'rum.] 
 Of the nature of serum; also, secreting 
 serum. 
 
 Ser'pens.* [Present participle from 
 ser'po, to “creep.”] Creeping or wind- 
 ing like a serpent. Applied to a form 
 of baldness. See Area. 
 
 Ser-pen-ta'ri-a.* [From ser'pens, 
 a “serpent;” so called because reputed 
 to be an antidote for the bite of serpents.] 
 Virginia Snakeroot, or Ser'pentary. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || for the root of 
 Aristolo'chia serpenta' ria, and other spe- 
 cies of Aristolochia : the Aristolochi re ser- 
 pentarise radix (“root of Aristolochia scr- 
 pentaria ”) of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
 Serpentaria is a stimulant tonic, some- 
 times acting as a diaphoretic and diu- 
 retic. 
 
 Serpenta'ria 'Vir-gin-i-a'na.* 
 
 Another name for Aristolo'chia serpenta'- 
 ria. 
 
 Serpentary. See Serpentaria. 
 
 Ser-pen ' ti-form. [Serpen t ifor 
 
 mis; from ser'pens, serpen' tis, a “ser- 
 pent.”] Having the form of a serpent. 
 
 Ser 'pen-tine. [Serpenti'nus; from 
 the same.] Pertaining to a serpent; 
 winding about like a serpent; meander- 
 ing. 
 
 Ser'pentine. [From the same.] A 
 magnesian rock of various colors, and 
 often speckled like a serpent’s skin. It 
 sometimes occurs crystallized, and is 
 used for ornamental purposes. Vcrd 
 antique is an aggregate of serpentine 
 and marble. 
 
 Ser-pigr'I-nous. [Serpigino'sus.] 
 
 Having serpigo. 
 
 Ser-pi'go, £' inis.* [From scr'po, to 
 “creep.”] Ringworm, or tetter. See 
 Herpes. 
 
 Ser'ra.* A Latin word signifying a 
 “saw.” Applied to the serrations or 
 tooth-like articulating processes of cer- 
 tain bones, as those of the cranium. 
 
 Serrate, or S^r'rat-ed. [Serra'- 
 tus; from ser'ra , a “saw.”] Beset with 
 teeth pointing forwards, like those of a 
 saw. Applied to leaves. 
 
 Ser-rat'I-form. [Serrat ifor mas; 
 from the same.] Having the appearance 
 of a saw. 
 
 Ser-rii'tion. [Serra'tio; from ser'ra, 
 
SEE 
 
 SET 
 
 a “saw.”] A formation or structure re- 
 sembling the teeth of a saw. 
 
 S£r'ra-ture. [From the same.] One 
 of the teeth of a serrate leaf or body. 
 Also, a notching or indenture in the 
 edge of any thing. 
 
 Ser-ra'tos Magnus.^ (“Great 
 Serrated [Muscle].”) A muscle of the 
 lateral thoracic region, arising by fleshy 
 serrations from the upper ribs, and in- 
 serted into the whole length of the 
 scapula. 
 
 Serra'tws Pos-ti'cus.* (“Posterior 
 Serrated [Muscle].”) The name of two 
 muscles of the back, superior and infe- 
 rior, arising from some of the vertebrae, 
 and inserted by serrations into several 
 of the ribs: 
 
 Serrc-N«eud (Fr.), sen nuh. [From 
 server , to “press,” and nceud, a “knot.”] 
 The name of an instrument used in sur- 
 gery to tighten ligatures. 
 
 Ser'ru-late. [Serrula'tus; from 
 ser'rula, a “little saw.”] Minutely ser- 
 rated ; serrate with fine teeth. 
 
 Ser'tii-lunn.* [Diminutive of ser'- 
 tum , a “garland.”] A term sometimes 
 applied to a simple umbel. 
 
 Se rum . 5 The greenish-yellow fluid 
 constituent of blood, which separates 
 from the crassamentum during coagula- 
 tion ; the liq'uor san'yuinis deprived of its 
 fibrin or coagulable matter; serosity. 
 Also, the whey of milk. 
 
 Se rum Lac'tis . 5 (“ Serum of Milk.”) 
 Whey. See Wiiey. 
 
 Serv. = Ser'va .* “ Keep, or preserve.” 
 
 Ses'a-mi Fo'la-uin,* or Ses'a-mi 
 Fo'li-a.** Benne Leaf. The Pharma- 
 copoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves 
 of the Ses'amum In'dicum and Ses'amum 
 oriented le. 
 
 Ses'a-nioid. [Sesamoi'des, or 
 Sesamoi'deus ; from aiiaayou, a “ seed 
 of the sesamum,” and e76og, a “form.”] 
 Eesembling a grain of sesamum. 
 
 Ses amoid Bones. [Os'sa (or ©s- 
 sic'ula) Sesamoi'dea.] A designation 
 of certain small bones found at the 
 roots of the first joint of the thumb and 
 of the great toe. 
 
 Ses'qni-. A prefix signifying “one 
 and a half,” as sesqui-yranum, a “grain 
 and a half.” Used in Chemistry to in- 
 dicate that an equivalent and a half of 
 one ingredient is combined with one of 
 another. See Sesquioxide. 
 
 Sesquili. = aS 'esquiho'ra.* “An hour 
 and a half.” 
 
 Ses-qui-ox'itle. Literally, a com- 
 pound of one and a half proportions of 
 
 oxygen with one proportion of some 
 other body, or, which is the same, of 
 three equivalents of oxygen and two 
 equivalents of another body. 
 
 Sesquiox'ide of I'ron, otherwise 
 called Fer-ox'Iile of I ron. A prepa- 
 ration made by adding water of ammo- 
 nia to a solution of the sulphate of iron. 
 The precipitate deposited is the hydrated 
 oxide of iron (the Fer'ri ox'idum hy- 
 drci'tum of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia), 
 also termed the hydrated peroxide of 
 iron, forming the best, if not the only, 
 antidote for poisoning with arsenic. By 
 exposure to heat in a covered vessel, it 
 becomes the simple sesquioxide (or per- 
 oxide) of iron. 
 
 Ses'sile. [Ses'silis; from se'deo, 
 ses'sum, to “sit.”] Sitting close to the 
 stem; having no petiole or peduncle. 
 Applied to leaves and flowers. 
 
 Ses-si-li-flo'rus . 5 [From scs'silis, 
 “sessile,” and Jios, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing sessile flowers: sessiliflo'rous. 
 
 Ses-si-ll-fo-ll-a'tus,* or Ses-sl-ll- 
 fo'Ii-us.* [From scs'silis, “sessile,” 
 and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Having sessile 
 leaves: sessilifoliate; sessilifolious. 
 
 Sesmic. = Sesnn 1 ciaS' “ An ounce 
 and a half.” 
 
 Se'ta,* plural Se'tse. A bristle. In 
 Botany, a species of pubescence covering 
 certain plants. Also applied to the stiff 
 hairs that issue from certain of the Anel- 
 lata and serve in lieu of feet. 
 
 Se-ta/ceous. [Seta'ceus; from se'ta, 
 a “bristle.”] Like bristles. 
 
 Se'tse,* the plural of Seta, which 
 see. 
 
 Se-tif'er-ons. [Setif'ems; from 
 
 se'ta, a “bristle,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 The same as Setigerous, which see. 
 
 Se'tl-fonn. [Setifor'mis; from 
 se'ta, a “bristle.”] Formed like a 
 bristle. 
 
 Se-tig'er-ons. [Set'ig-er, or Se- 
 tigf'erws; from se'ta, a “bristle,” and 
 ye' ro, to “bear.”] Bearing bristles. 
 
 Se'ton, or Setaceum,* se-ta'she-um. 
 [From se’ta, a “ bristle,” or “ coarse hair,” 
 horse-hair having been originally used 
 for setons.] A small canal, or artificial 
 passage, made under the skin by means 
 of an instrument called a seton-needle, 
 carrying with it a number of threads of 
 linen, silk, or cotton, which are daily 
 moved forwards or backwards, in order 
 to keep up a constant irritation and dis- 
 charge. 
 
 Se-tose'. [Seto'stis; from se'ta, a 
 “bristle.”] Covered with bristles; bristly. 
 
 503 
 
SET 
 
 SHO 
 
 Set'u-la.* [Diminutive of se'ta, a 
 “ bristle/’] A small bristle. 
 
 Sev'enth Pair [Par Sep'tivmim]. 
 
 A pair of encephalic nerves divided into 
 two parts: the portio dura (“hard por- 
 tion”) being distributed to the face, and 
 hence termed facial nerve ; and the por- 
 tio mollis (“soft portion”), called the 
 auditory nerve, sending its filaments to 
 the ear. 
 
 Sev'enth Sense, also called Visce- 
 ral Sense. A term applied by some wri- 
 ters to the instinctive sensations arising 
 from the ganglionic department of the 
 nervous system. 
 
 Se'vnm.* Suet. The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name for the prepared fat of sheep ; 
 the Adeps ovilli. Tallow; fat. Also 
 termed Sebum . See Adeps. 
 
 Se'vum £e'ti.* (“ Fat of the Whale.”) 
 Spermaceti, obtained from the Physe'ter 
 macroceph' alus. 
 
 Se'vnin O-villum.* Mutton suet. 
 
 Sex-fa 'ri-®ws. Six-rowed. Applied 
 to parts of plants. 
 
 Sex'tid, or Sex'i-ficl. [Sex'fulns; 
 
 from sex , “six,” and jin' do, to “cleave.”] 
 Divided into six portions. 
 
 Sex-flo'rus. :i: [From sex, “six,” 
 and Jlos, a “flower.”] Having six 
 flowers: sexiflo'rous. 
 
 Sex-par' tiite. [From sex, “six,” 
 and pa.r'tio, parti' turn, to “part.”] Six- 
 parted. 
 
 Sex'tant. [From sex' tans, the “sixth 
 part,” the limb of the instrument being 
 a sixth part of a circle.] An instrument 
 for measuring the angular distance of 
 objects by reflection. It is chiefly used 
 for nautical purposes in measuring the 
 altitudes of celestial objects. 
 
 Sex'u-sU. [Sexwa'lis; from sex' us, 
 “sex.”] Belonging to sex; distinguish- 
 ing the sexes. 
 
 Sex'ual Sys'tem. The system or 
 method of classifying plants invented by 
 Linnaeus, founded on the number, posi- 
 tion. and connection of the sexual organs. 
 
 Shad 'dock. A large fruit, resem- 
 bling the orange, obtained from the Cit'- 
 rus decuma'na, growing in the East and 
 West Indies. It has a slightly bitterish 
 or astringent taste, which renders it less 
 palatable than the orange; but it is 
 peculiarly grateful and acceptable to the 
 stcinach in the convalescence from sea- 
 sickness, especially in hot climates. 
 
 Nliagjjy. gee Hirsute. 
 
 Shaking Pal'sjf. The common 
 name for the Synclonus ballismus of Dr. 
 Good 
 
 Shale. A crumbling variety of slate ; 
 indurated clay. 
 
 Sham-poo'ing*. The employment 
 of the vapor-bath, accompanied by a 
 process of friction, kneading, and exten- 
 sion of the muscles, tendons, and liga- 
 ments. 
 
 Sharp. See Acute. 
 
 Sharp-Pointed. See Cuspidate, 
 and Mucronate. 
 
 Sheath. [Vagi'na.] In Botany, a 
 tubular body enclosing or surrounding 
 some other. 
 
 Sheath, Med'ul-la-ry. A tissue of 
 spiral vessels or ducts surrounding the 
 pith of plants. This is no special organ, 
 and merely represents the earliest-formed 
 vascular tissue of the stem. 
 
 Shell. [Crws'ta, Tes'ta.] The 
 calcareous skeleton which encloses the 
 soft parts of a testaceous mollusk; an 
 inorganic, laminated deposit of calcare- 
 ous earth, more or less combined with 
 albuminous matter. Shells are divided 
 into univalve, bivalve, and multivalve, 
 and are the subjects of the science of 
 Conchology. Also, the covering of an 
 
 egg- 
 
 Sher'bet. [Lat. Sorbe'tiim, or 
 
 Sorbe'thum : Fr. Sorbet, soR'b&Z.] A 
 cooling summer drink much used in the 
 East, made of the juice of fruits and 
 water, variously sweetened and flavored. 
 
 Sher'ry. [Tinum Xericum; 
 from Xeres, a town of Spain.] The Vinum 
 album, or white wine. 
 
 Shield. A name for an apothecium. 
 See Apothecia. 
 
 Shield -like Car'ti-lage. The Car- 
 
 tilago scutiformis, or Cartilago thyroides. 
 
 Shield-Shaped. See Peltate, and 
 
 Scutiform. 
 
 Shin. [Anticne'mion.] The crest, 
 or prominent anterior ridge, or edge, of 
 the tibia: sometimes applied to the bone 
 itself. 
 
 Shin'-Bone. The tibia, or large bone 
 of the leg. See Tibia. 
 
 Shin'gles. [From cin'gulum, a “gir- 
 dle.”] A popular name for Herpes 
 Zoster, which sec. 
 
 Shoot. [Sur'culus.] Any young 
 or fresh branch of a plant. 
 
 Short-Sightedness. Sec Myopy. 
 
 Shoulder. See Armus, and Hu- 
 merus. 
 
 Shoulder-Blade. See Scapula. 
 
 Show, or lia'bor Show . Popularly, 
 the red -colored mucus discharged from 
 the vagina shortly before childbirth. 
 
 Show er- Bath. [Implu viuiii.] 
 
 504 
 
SIIR 
 
 SIE 
 
 A mode of bathing which consists in 
 throwing a column of water with more 
 or less violence upon the surface of the 
 body. When a column of water is let 
 fall from a considerable height, it is 
 termed by the French Douche (doosh). 
 See Douche. 
 
 Shrivelled. See Corrugated, and 
 Rugose. 
 
 Shrub. [Fru'lex.] A woody plant 
 with a stem branched from or near the 
 ground, and less than five times the 
 height of a man. A shrub which ap- 
 proaches a tree in size, or resembles it 
 in aspect, is said to be arborescent. 
 Also, a liquor made of acid fruits, sugar, 
 and other substances to give a flavor, 
 digested in rum or brandy. Shrub in 
 this sense is a corruption of the Arabic 
 sherab (she-r&b'), and is nearly the same 
 as Sherbet. 
 
 Sforub-like. See Fruticose. 
 
 Sl-ara-den, eu is.* [From aiaXov, 
 the “spittle/’ and dbi\v, a “gland.”] A 
 salivary gland. 
 
 Si-al-ad-c-ni'tis, i die.® [From siaV- 
 aden , a “salivary gland.”] Inflamma- 
 tion of a salivary gland. 
 
 Si-al-ad-e-Bion'cus.* [From sial'a- 
 den, a “salivary gland,” and oy/cof, a 
 “tumor.”] Swelling of a salivary gland. 
 
 Si-al'a-gog-iie. [Sialago'gus; from 
 cia\o>, “saliva,” and aya>, to “lead or 
 carry off.”] Having power to increase 
 the flow of the saliva. 
 
 Si-a-li'na.* [From ataXov, “saliva.”] 
 A term for a peculiar principle contained 
 in the saliva: sialin. 
 
 Si'a-line. [Siali'mis; from o-taXoy, 
 “saliva.”] Belonging to the saliva, or 
 spittle. 
 
 Si-a-lo'des.* [From aia\ov, “saliva.”] 
 Having saliva; like saliva. 
 
 Sa'a-loid. [Sialoi'des; from aia\ov, 
 “saliva,” and eUog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling saliva. 
 
 Si-ado-li-thi'a-sis.* [From aiaXov, 
 “saliva,” and lithi'asis, the “formation 
 of stone.”] The formation of salival 
 calculus. 
 
 Si-a-lol'I-tBms.* [From ma\ov , 
 
 “saliva,” and XiOog, a “stone.”] A sali- 
 val calculus. 
 
 Si-a-lol 'o-gy. [Sialolo'gia; from 
 cia\o , “saliva,” and Xiyo;, a “ discourse.”] 
 Tne doctrine of the saliva; that branch 
 of Physiology which treats of the saliva, 
 its secretion, uses, etc. 
 
 Si-a-lon'cus.* [From maXov, “sali- 
 va,” and oy/co;, a “tumor.”] A tumor 
 ander the tongue, resulting from ob- 
 43 * 
 
 struction to the flow of saliva by a salP 
 val calculus. 
 
 Si-a-lor-rlice'a.* [From oiciXov, 
 “saliva,” and pi co, to “flow.”] A flow 
 of the saliva. 
 
 Sib'bens. A popular Scotch term 
 for a disease resembling syphilis. 
 
 Sib'i-lant. [Sib'ilans; from sib'ilo, 
 to “hiss.”] Making a hissing sound, or 
 whistling. 
 
 Sic'cant. [Sic'eaus; from s/c'co, to 
 “dry.”] Having power to dry; drying. 
 
 Sic-$i-fo'li-us.* [From sic'cus, 
 “dry,” and f o’ lium, a “leaf.”] Having 
 a dry leaf: siccifo'lious. 
 
 Siek. [Lat. JF'ger: Fr. Malade, 
 m&'l&d'.] Affected with Sickness, 
 which see. 
 
 Siek'ness. [Lat. Morbus, and 
 JFgritu'do; Fr. Mala die, m&'l&'d£\] 
 In a general sense, any kind of disease 
 or malady involving the whole body, 
 but applied more particularly to a nau- 
 seated state of the stomach, with or 
 without retching and vomiting. 
 
 Surer~a-ition. [Sidera'tio, o 'nis ; 
 from si’dus, a “ star,” or “ constellation.”] 
 A sudden attack, supposed to be the 
 result of sidereal influence. Under this 
 term were included, by the ancients, 
 apoplexy and paralysis; also, mortifica- 
 tion, or sphacelus. 
 
 Si-de're-al, or Sid'e-ral. [Side'- 
 reus, and Sidera'lis; from si'dus, sid'- 
 eris, a “star.”] Belonging to the stars, 
 or signs in the heavens; starry. A side- 
 real day is the time in which the earth 
 makes a complete rotation on its axis, 
 with respect to a fixed star, or any fixed 
 point in space. 
 
 Sid-e-ri'tes.* [Gr. oiSripbris, “of or 
 belonging to iron;” from cidripog, “iron,” 
 \iOog, a “stone,” being understood.] A 
 name for the magnet, or loadstone. 
 
 Sid-e-rog'ra-pliy. [Siderogra'- 
 pliia; from oidripog , “iron,” or “steel,” 
 apd ypacpa), to “write.”] A history of 
 iron or steel; the art or practice of 
 engraving on steel. 
 
 Sid-e-ro-teeh'ni-a.* [From oiSnpog, 
 “iron,” and rex^n, “art.”] The art of 
 treating minerals containing iron; also, 
 the art of working in iron. 
 
 Sienite. See Syenite. 
 
 Si-er'ra. [From ser'ra, a “saw.”] 
 A Spanish word signifying a “saw,” but 
 usually applied to a chain of high moun- 
 tains, because at a great distance the 
 peaks present an appearance resembling 
 saw-teeth. 
 
 Sieve. See Colatorium. 
 
 505 
 
SIE 
 
 SIL 
 
 Sieve-1 iSce. See Coliformis, Crib- 
 riform, and Ethmoid. 
 
 Si-gaul'tX-an ©p-e-va'tiom. The 
 division of the symphysis pubis in cases 
 of impracticable labor from contraction 
 or deformity, first performed by Sigault. 
 See Symphysotomy. 
 
 Sigh. See Suspirium. 
 
 Sight. See Yisus, and Vision. 
 
 Sight, Dimness of. See Caligo. 
 
 Sight, Morbid. See Paropsis. 
 
 Sig'il-late. [Sigilla'tus ; from 
 siyil'lnm , a “seal.”] Marked with a seal. 
 
 Sig moid. [Sigmoi'des; from 2, 
 and e'iSo;, a "form.”] Curved like the 
 letter S; resembling the Greek letter 2 
 (sigma). 
 
 Sig'onoid Flex'ure. [Flexu'ra 
 Sigmoi'ctea.] A name applied to that 
 portion of the colon which is between the 
 descending portion and the rectum. 
 
 Sig'moid Valves. [Val'vulae 
 Sigmoi'deze.] The semilunar valves of 
 the aorta and of the pulmonary artery. 
 
 Sign. [Sig'num.] Literally, a " mark.” 
 Applied to any appearance, symptom, or 
 circumstance from which the physician is 
 enabled to decide as to the nature or pro- 
 bable termination of the disease. In 
 Pharmacy the term is applied to certain 
 marks employed in formulae and pre- 
 scriptions, viz.: lb for a pound; 5 for an 
 ounce; 3 for a drachm; 3 for a scruple; 
 Tip for a minim. In Astronomy, it denotes 
 a portion of the ecliptic, or zodiac, con- 
 taining thirty degrees. 
 
 Sig'na.* [Imperative mood of sic/' no, 
 to "mark.”] "Mark,” or "write.” A 
 word added at the end of prescriptions 
 to show what directions are to be copied 
 by the druggist for the guidance of the 
 patient or his attendant. 
 
 Si-le'ue Vir-gin'I-ca.* The syste- 
 matic name of Wild Pink, a plant of the 
 natural order Caryophyllacese. The root 
 has been used as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Si' lex, V- gen. Sil'I-$is. [From 
 a " stone,” or " pebble” ?] Flint ; quartz. 
 Sometimes synonymous with Silica. 
 
 Sil'i-ca.* [From si' lex.'] One of the 
 primitive earths; a substance composed 
 of oxygen and silicon (or silicium), and 
 sometimes called silicic acid. It forms 
 the principal ingredient of a variety of 
 silicious minerals, among which quartz, 
 flint, rock-crystal, and chalcedony may 
 be considered as silica nearly pure. It 
 predominates in granite and sandstone. 
 Silica in its ordinary or anhydrous state 
 is insoluble in all acids except the hydro- 
 fluoric. 
 
 506 
 
 Sil'i-cate. [Sil'icas, a ’tis.] A com- 
 bination of silicic acid with a base. 
 
 Si-li<g'ic. [Sili^'icus.] Belonging 
 to, or derived from, silica. Applied to 
 an acid. 
 
 Sil-i-cif'er-ous. [Silicif 'erus ; 
 
 from sil'ica, and fe'ro, to " bear.”] Con- 
 taining silica. 
 
 Sil'X-ci-form. [Silicifor'mis ; from 
 si' lex, sil'icis, "flint.”] Having the 
 form of silex, or flint. 
 
 Silicious, se-lisli'e-us. [Silicio'sus; 
 from sil’ica.] Resembling or containing 
 silica. 
 
 Silicium,* se-lish'e-um. Another 
 name for Silicon, which see. 
 
 Sil'i-cle, or Sil'I-cule. [Silic'ula ; 
 
 diminutive of sil'iqua, a "silique,” or 
 "pod.”] A "little pod;” a short silique 
 or short pod of Cruciferse, as shepherd’s- 
 purse. 
 
 Sil'i-cou. A simple, non-metallic, 
 infusible substance which forms the 
 base of silica. It bears a greater analogy 
 to boron than to any other known princi- 
 ple. It is not acted on by any single acid, 
 but is soluble by a mixture of nitric and 
 hydrofluoric acids. 
 
 Sil-i-cu-li-for'mis.* Having the 
 form of a silicle : siliculiform. 
 
 Sil-I-cu-lo'sa.* [From silic'ula, a 
 "small or short silique.”] The name 
 of an order in the Linnman class Tetr ady- 
 namia. 
 
 Sil-i-cu-lose'. [Siliculo'sus; from 
 silic’ula, a "silicle.”] Having or resem- 
 bling silicles. 
 
 Silique, se-leek'. [Sil'iqua.] A 
 slender, two-valved capsule of a crucif- 
 erous plant, like those of the mustard 
 and radish. It has two parietal placentae 
 from which the valves separate in dehis- 
 cence. 
 
 Sil'i-qui-form. [Siliquifor'inis.] 
 
 Having the form of a silique. 
 
 Sil-i-quo'sa.* [From sil'iqua, a 
 "silique.”] Bearing siiiques. Applied 
 to an order of the Linnman class Tetra- 
 dynamia. 
 
 Sil-I-quose'. [Siliquo'sus; from s-il'- 
 iqua, a "silique.”] Having siiiques, or 
 like a silique. 
 
 SilDt'worui, A^'id of. Bombic acid. 
 
 SilBi'y. [Seri^'eus.] In Botany, 
 clothed with fine, appressed, and glossy 
 hairs, producing a satiny surface. 
 
 SalloEi, s 6'3 t 6 n °'. The French term 
 for Sulcus, which sec. 
 
 Si-lu'ri-sin. [SoSuriucDiBs; from 
 Silu'res, an ancient people of South 
 Wales.] A name given t > a series of 
 
SIL 
 
 SIN 
 
 rocks forming the upper subdivision of 
 the sedimentary strata found below the 
 old red sandstone, and formerly desig- 
 nated the greyioacke series. These strata 
 are well developed in that part of Eng- 
 land and Wales formerly occupied by 
 the Silures. 
 
 Sil'ver. [Lat. Argentum; Gr. 
 apyy.o;; Fr. Argent , aR'zhoNa'.] A pre- 
 cious metal of a beautiful white color, 
 malleable, ductile, and tenacious. Its 
 specific gravity is 10.5. It is not altered 
 by air or moisture, but is tarnished by 
 sulphuretted hydrogen, and is soluble in 
 nitric and in sulphuric acid. When pure, 
 it is softer and is tarnished less readily 
 than the silver of coin or plate. See 
 Argentum. 
 
 Salver, Fulminating. See Argen- 
 tate of Ammonia. 
 
 Silver, Nitrate of. See Argenti 
 Nitras. 
 
 Sianaba Cedron. Sec Cedron. 
 
 Sim-a-rn ' ba. $ A Linnman genus of 
 the class Decanclria, natural order Sima- 
 rnbacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeia! name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the bark of the root of 
 Simaru'ba officinalis ; (Ed. Ph.) of the 
 Simaru'ba ama'ra ; (Dub. Ph.) the Sima- 
 rubre Cortex. 
 
 Simaru'ba A-ma'ra.* The plant 
 (Ed. Ph.) which affords simaruba-root 
 bark. 
 
 Simaru'ba Of-fii£-i-na'lis.* The 
 
 plant (U.S. and Lond. Ph.) which affords 
 simaruba-root bark; also called Quassia 
 Simaruba. 
 
 Simarubacese,* sim-a-ru-ba'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, natives of tropical America, In- 
 dia, or Africa. The species are intensely 
 bitter. Among the products of this order 
 are Quassia and Simaru'ba , which are 
 valuable medicines. 
 
 Slm'i-lor. A name for Pinchbeck, 
 which see. 
 
 Si-moon', or Si-moom'. A hot, arid 
 wind, which, after passing over sandy 
 deserts, blows in Arabia, Syria, and the 
 adjacent countries. 
 
 Sim'ple. [Sim'plex, ids; from 
 si'ne pli'ed, “ without a fold:" hence, sin- 
 gle.] The opposite of compound; un- 
 compounded; unadulterated; pure. 
 
 Simple Affinity. See Affinity, 
 Single or Simple. 
 
 Simple Cerate. See Ceratum Sim- 
 plex. 
 
 Sim'ple Fruit. A fruit which re- 
 sults from a single pistil or flower. Sim- 
 ple fruits may be divided into fleshy 
 
 fruits, as the grape ; stone fruits, as the 
 peach; and dry fruits, as the chesnut. 
 
 Sim'ple Feaf. A leaf which has a 
 blade of one piece, however cleft or 
 lobed; or, if divided, the separate por- 
 tions are neither raised on stalklets of 
 their own, nor articulated (by a joint) 
 with the main petiole. 
 
 Sim ples. A general name for all 
 herbs which have any medicinal virtue. 
 
 Sim'pll-ci-cau'lis.* [From sim'plex, 
 “ simple," and cau'lis , a “stem.”] Hav- 
 ing a simple stem. 
 
 Sim'pli-ci-fb'li-us.* [From sim'- 
 plex, “simple," and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] 
 Having simple leaves. 
 
 Sim-u-la/tion. [Simula'tio, o 'nis; 
 from sim'ulo, simida'tum, to “feign.”] A 
 counterfeiting, or pretending to be suffer- 
 ing under, disease; malingering. 
 
 Simipi. See Sinapis. 
 
 Si-na'pis.* [Gr. dvrpn, or dram- 
 Fr. Moutarde, moo'taRd', or Seneve, s&n'- 
 v&'.] A Linnoean genus of the class Te- 
 tradynamia, natural order Cruciferse. 
 Also, the Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) 
 for the seeds, reduced to powder, of Sina- 
 pis nigra and S. alba. According to the 
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, it is Sinapi. 
 
 Sinapis Al'ba. :;: White Mustard. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the seed of the Sinapis alba. Its pro- 
 perties are similar to those of Sinapis 
 nigra. 
 
 Sina'pis Ni'gra.** Black Mustard. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the seed of the Sinapis nigra. It is 
 stimulant, emetic, and applied externally 
 is epispastic or rubefacient. 
 
 Sina'pis Sem'i-na.* (“ Seeds of 
 Sinapis.”) See Sinapis. 
 
 Sin'a-plsm. [Sinapis'mus; from 
 sina'pis, “ mustard.”] A plaster or poul- 
 tice made of mustard, linseed-meal, and 
 vinegar. Used as a rubefacient. 
 
 Siii-^ip'i-ial. [Sineipita'lis ; from 
 sin'eiput .] Pertaining to the sinciput. 
 
 Sm'<s*a-put.* The fore and upper 
 part of the head. 
 
 Sane. [Si'nus.] A right line drawn 
 from one extremity of an arc perpen- 
 dicular to the diameter of the circle pass- 
 ing through the other extremity. 
 
 Sin' ew. A fibrous cord which con- 
 nects a muscle with a bone; a tendon. 
 Sometimes improperly applied to a liga- 
 ment which joins two bones. 
 
 Sing. = Singulo' rum.* , “Of each.” 
 
 Single Aflinity. See Affinity, 
 Single Elective. 
 
 Sin'gn-lis IM-e'bus.* [From sin'' 
 507 
 
SIN 
 
 SIZ 
 
 gains, “every/' and di'es, “day." See 
 Dies.] “Every day." A phrase em- 
 ployed in directions for taking medicine. 
 
 Sln-gTil'tus.'* (Fr. Hoquet, ho’ka/.) 
 A convulsive motion of the diaphragm 
 and neighboring parts, popularly named 
 hiccough or hiccup. 
 
 Sin'is-tral. [Sinistra'lis ; from 
 sin is 1 ter, the “left."] Belonging to, or 
 situated on, the left. 
 
 Sin'is-trorse. [Sinistror'sns ; 
 from the same.] Turned to the left; 
 twining from right to left, as the Hop 
 and other plants. 
 
 Sin'u-ate, or Sin'n-at-ed. [Sinoa'- 
 tus; from si' mis , a “bay," a “recess," a 
 “hollow."] Hollowed; strongly wavy 
 on (he margin, with alternate convexities 
 and concavities. Applied to leaves. 
 
 Sin'u-ous. [Sinuo'sus? from the 
 same.] Having sinuses; bending in and 
 out; winding. 
 
 Si'nus.* Originally, a “bosom," 
 “cavity," or “winding;" sometimes, a 
 “gulf," or “bay." Applied in Surgery 
 to the cavity of an imposthume or sore; 
 also to a long, narrow, hollow track 
 leading from some abscess, diseased 
 bone, or the like. In Botany, a re-enter- 
 ing angle; a recess. — (Gray.) In Geo- 
 metry, a Sine, which sec. 
 
 Sinus Cavernus. See Cavernous 
 Sinus. 
 
 Sinus, Inferior Longitudinal. See 
 
 Longitudinal Sinus, Inferior. 
 
 Sinus, Longitudinal. See Longi- 
 tudinal Sinus. 
 
 Sinus, Maxillary. See Highmoria- 
 num, Antritm. 
 
 Si'nus Mu-li-e'bris.* A name for 
 the vagina. 
 
 Si'nus or Pel'vis of the Ifid'ney. 
 
 A small cavity or pouch which receives 
 the orifices of the infundibula. 
 
 Si'nus Poc-ti-Ia'ris.* (“Cup-like 
 Sinus.") A large lacuna in the centre of 
 the Caput Gallinaginis or Vernmontanum. 
 
 Si'nus U-ro-gren-i-ta'lis.* [See 
 Urogenital.] A sinus existing in the 
 embryo of the mammalia. It is a cavity 
 or canal opening externallv, in which the 
 excretory ducts of the Wolffian bodies, 
 the ureters, and the efferent parts of the 
 generative apparatus terminate inter- 
 nally. 
 
 Sinuses, Lateral. See Lateral 
 
 Sinuses. 
 
 Sinuses of Morgagni. See Mor- 
 gagni, Sinuses of. 
 
 Si'nus-es of the Du'ra Ma'ter. 
 
 Certain channels which traverse the dura 
 
 - 508 
 
 mater in various points for the reception 
 of the venous blood. 
 
 Si n. val. = Si non va'leat* “If it 
 does not avail," or does not answer. 
 
 Si op. sit. = Si o' pus sit.* “ If there 
 be occasion." 
 
 Si'pfion. [Lat. Si'plio, o 'nis ; Gr. 
 a'upoiy, a “ tube."] A bent tube, with legs 
 or limbs of unequal length, used for draw- 
 ing liquors from one vessel into another 
 without disturbing the sediment. In 
 Zoology, a membranous and calcareous 
 tube which traverses the septa and the 
 interior of a polythalamous shell. 
 
 Si-pho'm-a E>las'ti-ca. $ The sys-: 
 tematic name of the tree which yields 
 Indian-rubber, or caoutchouc. It belongs 
 to the natural order Euphorbiacese. 
 
 Si-pho-nif 'er-ons. [Siphonif' er- 
 us; from si’pho, a “siphon," and fe’ro, 
 to “bear."] Bearing or having siphons. 
 Applied to certain Mollusks. 
 
 Si-phon-o-bran-clii-a'tiis.- [From 
 o-t'0 oiv, a “siphon," and fipdyxia , the 
 “branchiae.”] Provided with a canal, 
 more or less elongated, which borders 
 upon a cavity containing the branchiae. 
 Applied to certain Mollusks. 
 
 Sl-pho-nos'to-mtis.* [From c'upwv, 
 a “siphon," and ardpa, a “mouth."] 
 Having a siphon-like mouth. Applied 
 to a family of Crustaceans. 
 
 Si-ri'a-sis.* [From Sir' ins, the “dog- 
 star."] A term sometimes used for sun- 
 stroke. 
 
 Si-roc'co. A soft, relaxing wind, 
 chiefly experienced in the south of Italy, 
 in Malta and in Sicily. 
 
 Sirop, s&'ro'. (Fr.) See Syrupus. 
 
 Sison Am'mi.* A plant yielding the 
 Am'mi ve’rum of the shops. The seeds 
 were formerly used as a carminative. 
 
 Sitis. See Thirst. 
 
 Si-tol'o-gy, or Sit-i-ol'o-gy. [Siti- 
 olo'gia; from ciro;, “aliment," and 
 Aoyof, a “discourse."] The doctrine or 
 science of aliments; dietetics. 
 
 Ki'um Nod-I-flo'riiiii.s* Water- 
 Parsnip. A plant of the Linnaean class 
 Penfandrin, natural order ITm belli ferae. 
 It is said to be diuretic, and is occasion- 
 ally used in cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 Si vir. perm. = Si ni' res permit' taut .* 
 “If the strength will permit." 
 
 Sixth Pair. [Par Sex'tuin.] A 
 pair of encephalic nerves distributed to 
 the rectus exteruus oenli muscle. 
 
 Sixth Souse. Sec Ccenassthesis. 
 
 Size. A name applied to the huffy 
 coat which appears on the surface of co- 
 agulated blood drawn in it flainmation. 
 
SIZ 
 
 soc 
 
 Si'zy. Like glue or size. Applied to 
 the blood when, after coagulation, it ex- 
 hibits the buflfy coat. 
 
 Skel'e-ton. [Lat. Scel'eton; Gr. 
 oke\et6v, from <tks XXcu, to “dry/’ to “ dry 
 up;” Fr. Squelette , skeh-lett'.] The bony 
 framework of an animal designed for the 
 support of the soft parts: usually applied 
 to the dried bones prepared for anatomi- 
 cal purposes. When the bones are con- 
 nected by their own ligaments, the skele- 
 ton is called natural; when joined by 
 , wires or plates of silver, etc., it is termed 
 artificial. 
 
 Skin. [From the old German Schin, 
 from the same root as schei'nen, to “ ap- 
 pear ;” because the skin is that part 
 which appears or is visible.] The organ 
 of touch, or one of the principal mediums 
 through which we communicate with ex- 
 ternal bodies. The skin is considered to 
 be composed of three membranes: the 
 outermost is the scarf-skin, cuticle, or epi- 
 dermis; the middle, the rete mucosum; 
 and the innermost, the true skin ( cutis 
 vera ), or derma. 
 
 Skin '-Bound. A peculiar condition 
 of infants, in which the skin becomes 
 tense, and as if too tight for the body, 
 which is swelled and hard beneath its 
 surface. 
 
 Skull. See Cranium. 
 
 Slag 1 . The dross of iron or other 
 metal. 
 
 Slashed. The same as Laciniate, 
 which see. 
 
 Slate. A term applied to several 
 varieties of stratified rocks which have 
 the property of being split into thin 
 laminae or plates, as clay-slate, mica- 
 slate, and roofing-slate. Clay-slate is 
 one of the oldest stratified rocks, and is 
 non-fossiliferous. 
 
 Slavering. See Drivelling. 
 
 Sleep. [Lat. Som'nus; Fr. Sommeil, 
 som'mel'.] That state of the body in 
 which the functions of sensation and 
 volition are suspended, while the vital 
 functions retain their usual activity ; the 
 operations of the mind, if not at perfect 
 rest, are disconnected with external ob- 
 jects. 
 
 Sleep of Plants. A term applied by 
 Linnaeus to the condition of certain 
 plants the leaves of which are drooping 
 and folded at night, as the Locust, Mi- 
 mosa, Oralis, etc. 
 
 Sleep-IMstnrbance. See Paroniria. 
 
 Sleep-Inducing. See Hypnotic. 
 
 Sleep- Walk 'ing. The affection 
 termed Oneirodynia activa. 
 
 Sleeplessness. See Agrypnia. 
 
 Sleepy. See Somnolent. 
 
 Sling. (Fr. JHcharpe, AshaRp'.) A 
 bandage or apparatus. 
 
 Slip. See Talea. 
 
 Slough, sluf. A sphacelated part of 
 the body, eventually separating from the 
 rest. 
 
 Small-Pox. See Variola. 
 
 Smalt, or Smaltz. An oxide of co- 
 balt melted with silicious earth and pot- 
 ash. When ground fine, it is called 
 powder-blue. It is used in the arts and 
 in painting earthen-ware. 
 
 Smegma, a -tin* [Gr. cyrjyya, “ soap.”] 
 The offensive soap-like substance pro- 
 duced from the sebaceous follicles around 
 the < flans penis and prepuce. 
 
 SmclTing. [Olfac'tus.] That sense 
 by which we perceive the odors of differ- 
 ent bodies. 
 
 Smell, Morbid. See Parosmis. 
 
 Smilaceav* smi-la'she-e. A natural 
 order of endogenous plants (herbs or 
 under-shrubs), found in the temperate 
 and tropical parts of Asia and America. 
 It includes Smi'lax, from several species 
 of which the drug Sarsaparilla is pro- 
 cured. 
 
 Smi'lax, a cis* [Gr. cyi\al, “ bind- 
 weed.”] A Linnman genus of the class 
 Dioeeia, natural order Smilacese. 
 
 Smi'lax As'pe-ra.* The plant gene- 
 rally supposed to produce Indian Sarsa- 
 parilla. 
 
 Smilax Officinalis. See Sarsapa- 
 rilla, and Sarza. 
 
 Smi'lax Sar-sa-pa-ril'la.* The 
 
 plant known as Sarsaparilla, which see. 
 
 Smooth. See Glabrous. 
 
 Snake-Root, Vir-gin'i-an. A com- 
 mon name for the Aristolochia serpenta- 
 ria. 
 
 Sneez'ing. [Sternuta'tio, o f nis.] 
 A convulsive action of the respiratory 
 muscles, caused by irritation of some 
 part of the lining membrane of the nos- 
 trils ; sternutation. See Reflex Action. 
 
 Snoring, Snorting. See Stertor. 
 
 Snow-Blindness. See Niphablep- 
 
 SIA. 
 
 Soap, Castilian, Soap, Spanish. 
 
 See Sapo Durus. 
 
 Soapstone. See Steatite. 
 
 Sob'o-le&.* Originally, a young 
 branch, an offspring. Any rudiment of 
 a new branch. 
 
 Sob-o-lif er-ous. [Sobolif 'erus ; 
 
 from sob'oles, a “shoot,” and fe'ro , to 
 “bear.”] Bearing shoots. 
 
 So'cia (so'she-a) JPa-rot'i-dis.* 
 
 509 
 
soc 
 
 SOL 
 
 (“Companion of the Parotid.”) The 
 name of a second portion of the parotid 
 gland which is frequently developed from 
 the duct while on the masseter muscle. 
 
 So'cial. [Socia'lis; from so'cius, a 
 “companion.”] Applied to plants which 
 grow gregariously, as grasses. 
 
 Socotrine Aloes. See Aloe Soco- 
 trina. 
 
 So'da.* (Fr. Sonde , sood.) (A word 
 of Arabic origin.) The mineral alkali; 
 the oxide of sodium. 
 
 So'da His-pan'i-ca.* (“Spanish 
 Soda.”) Impure soda, or the impure 
 mineral alkali of commerce. 
 
 So'da, Mu-ri'ate of. The chloride 
 of sodium. See Sodii Chloridum. 
 
 Soda, Sulphate of. See Soda: Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 So'da, Tar'ta-rized. A name for 
 the tartrate of potassa and soda ( Potassse 
 et sodse tartras). 
 
 So'da Wa'ter. A beverage formed, 
 by a solution of the carbonate of soda 
 in water, which is afterwards impreg- 
 nated with more carbonic acid than is 
 sufficient for saturation. 
 
 So'dae A-ce'tas.* (“Acetate of 
 Soda.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for a substance in white or 
 colorless crystals, which effloresce in dry 
 air, and are wholly soluble in water. 
 
 So'dse Bo'ras* (“Borate of Soda”), 
 or Bo rax. The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for a substance in colorless 
 crystals, which slightly effloresce in dry 
 air, and are wholly soluble in water. It 
 is a mild refrigerant and diuretic. It is 
 much used as a flux by workers in 
 metals. 
 
 So'dse Car-bo 'n as.* (“Carbonate 
 of Soda.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for a substance in colorless 
 crystals, which rapidly effloresce on ex- 
 posure to the air, and fall into a white 
 powder. It is an antacid, and much em- 
 ployed in cases of acidity of the stomach 
 and bowels. 
 
 So'dse Plios'pbas.* (“ Phosphate 
 of Soda.”) A substance in colorless, 
 transparent crystals, which speedily efflo- 
 resce when exposed to air. It is a mild, 
 saline cathartic. Its taste resembles 
 common salt, and it is therefore not 
 likely to be rejected by delicate sto- 
 machs, like the more nauseous medicines 
 of this class. 
 
 So'dse Sul'phas.'* (“Sulphate . of 
 Soda.”) (Popularly known asGIau'ber’s 
 Salts.) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for a substance in colorless crystals, 
 510 
 
 which rapidly effloresce on exposure to 
 the air, and ultimately fall into a white 
 powder. Sulphate of soda is one of the 
 most efficient saline cathartics, nearly 
 resembling in its general properties the 
 sulphate of magnesia, or Epsom Salts; 
 but the latter is less disagreeable to the 
 taste, and is therefore more generally 
 used. See Magnesia: Sulphas. 
 
 So'dae Sial'pbis.* (“Sulphite of 
 Soda.”) A substance in white, efflores- 
 cent, prismatic crystals, soluble in four 
 parts of cold, and in less than one part 
 of boiling, water. It has been placed on 
 the primary list of the Materia Medica 
 of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1800. 
 
 So'dic. [So'dicus; from so'diumj] 
 Applied to the second degree of oxida- 
 tion of sodium, or sodic oxide. 
 
 So'di-i CSilo'ri-diim* (“ Chloride of 
 Sodium”), or Common Salt. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name for a white salt, perma- 
 nent in the air, and almost equally solu- 
 ble in cold and boiling water. It is 
 astringent, tonic, and antiseptic. 
 
 So'di-uni.* The base of soda; a 
 metal discovered by Davy in 1808, re- 
 sembling potassium in its general cha- 
 racters. It is soft, malleable, fusible at 
 190°, and burns when heated in contact 
 with air. Its specific gravity is 0.97. 
 
 Softening-* See Ramollissement. 
 
 Soft'en-ing- of the Brain. [Lat. 
 Molli'ties Cer'ebri ; Ft. Ramollissement 
 du Cerveau, rAmo'16ss'moN°' dii seR'vo'.] 
 Sometimes applied to a fatty degeneration 
 of the substance of the brain, sometimes 
 to a sort of liquefaction. The causes of 
 this affection are often obscure; but in 
 many instances it would seem to be pro- 
 duced by embolism of the arteries which 
 supply the brain. 
 
 Soft Palate. See Palatum Molle. 
 
 Sol.* The Sun, a name given to gold 
 by the alchemists. 
 
 Solanaceae,* so-la-na'she-e. An im- 
 portant natural order of exogenous 
 plants (herbaceous or shrubby), natives 
 of all parts of the world except the arc- 
 tic regions. Many of them are narcotic 
 and poisonous. It includes the Sola'num 
 tubero’ sum (Potato), Sola'num lycoper’si - 
 cum (Tomato), Nicotiana (Tobacco), 
 Atropa belladonna , and Capsicum (Ca- 
 yenne Pepper). 
 
 So-la-na'eeous. [Solana'ceus, or 
 Sola'neiiH.] Resembling tho Solatium. 
 
 Sol'a-iiin. or Sol-a-nine. [Sola- 
 
 ni'na; from Sola'num.) An alkal\ ob- 
 tained, when pure, in the form of a 
 white, opaque, and sometimes pearly 
 
SOL 
 
 SOL 
 
 powder, chiefly from the Solatium dulca- 
 mara. 
 
 So-la'mim.* A Linnsean genus of 
 the class Pentandria, natural order Sola- 
 nacese. 
 
 Sola'num It k I-ca-ma ' r a.- The 
 
 woody nightshade. 
 
 Solan si in Es-cn-len'tnan. 5 (“ Es- 
 culent Solanum.”) The Solarium tubero- 
 sum, or potato-plant. 
 
 Sola'num Foet'i-dum.* (“ Fetid 
 Solanum.”) The Datura stramonium , or 
 thorn-apple. 
 
 Sola'num Le-tha'le. :; (“ Deadly 
 Solanum.”) Another name for the At'- 
 ropa belladon'na, or deadly nightshade. 
 See Belladonna. 
 
 Sola'll uni Lig-no'sum. 5 (“Woody 
 Nightshade."’) Another name for the 
 Solarium dulcamara. See Dulcamara. 
 
 Sola'num Ly-co-per'si-cum. :: A 
 
 synonym of the tomato, Lrjcopersicum 
 csculentum. 
 
 Sola'num Tu-be-ro'sum.* The 
 
 systematic name of the potato-plant, the 
 root (or rather tuber) of which is in gene- 
 ral use as an article of food throughout 
 the greater part of the civilized world. 
 It is a native of America. 
 
 So'lar. [Sola'ris: from sol, so f lis, 
 the “sun.”] Pertaining to, or derived 
 from, the sun ; measured by the sun : as, 
 a solar day, — that is, the interval be- 
 tween two successive arrivals of the sun 
 on the same meridian. 
 
 Solar Cycle. See Cycle. 
 
 So'lar Plex us. [Plex'us Sola'ris.] 
 An assemblage of ganglia connected 
 with the great sympathetic nerve, with 
 interlaced and anastomosing filaments, 
 and surrounding the two semilunar gan- 
 glia of the abdomen. It gives off nu- 
 merous filaments, which accompany, un- 
 der the name of plexuses, all the branches 
 given off by the abdominal aorta. 
 
 Solar System. See System. 
 
 Sol'der, or saw'der. A substance, 
 consisting of simple or mixed metals, by 
 which metallic bodies are firmly united 
 with each other. Bismuth is much used 
 in the composition of soft solders. Plum- 
 ber’s solder is an alloy of three parts of 
 lead and one of tin. 
 
 Sole of tlie Foot. See Solea. 
 
 So'le-a.* [From so'lum, the “bot- 
 tom.”] A Latin word signifying a “san- 
 dal,” a “slipper.” In Anatomy, the sole 
 of the foot. See Planta, and Thenar. 
 
 So'le-us.* [From so'lea, the “ sole- 
 fish.”] Belonging to or resembling the 
 sole of the foot. Applied to a muscle 
 
 which arises from the head of the fibula, 
 etc., and is inserted into the os calcis. It 
 extends the foot. It has also been named 
 gastrocne' mins inter' nus. 
 
 [Sol' id us.] Firm; substan- 
 stial ; not fluid or hollow. Applied to 
 bodies the particles of which adhere 
 together so firmly that they cannot be 
 separated without some degree of force. 
 A solid figure is that which has three 
 dimensions, length, breadth, and thick- 
 ness. Regular solids are those which 
 are bounded by regular and equal planes. 
 They are five in number, viz. : the tetra- 
 hedron, bexahedron(or cube), octahedron, 
 dodecahedron, and icosihedron, which 
 are noticed under their respective alpha- 
 betical heads. 
 
 Sol-i-da'g-o.* Golden Rod. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 leaves of the Solida'go odo'ra, a plant of 
 the natural order Composite. It is aro- 
 matic, moderately stimulant, and car- 
 minative. 
 
 Solidism. See Solidists. 
 
 Soil -4 lists. A sect in medicine who 
 refer all diseases to a morbid change in 
 the solid parts. They maintain that the 
 solids alone are endowed with vital pro- 
 perties. This theory is termed Solidism. 
 
 Solids. [From sol'idus, “solid.”] 
 Applied to the bones, ligaments, muscles, 
 nerves, and vessels of animals. 
 
 Sol-i-dun-gu-la'ta,* or Sol-i-dun'- 
 gu-lales. [From sol'idus, “solid,” and 
 un'gula, a “ hoof.”] The same as Soli- 
 dungula. See next article. 
 
 Sol-i-dun'g’u-lus.* [F rom the same.] 
 Having solid hoofs. Applied in the plural 
 neuter ( Solidun'gula . ) to a family of 
 Mammifera, having only one hoof to each 
 foot, or having the hoof whole, as the 
 horse, ass, etc. 
 
 Soli-ped. [Sol'ipes, p 'edis; from 
 so'lu8, “alone,” or “single,” and jjes, a 
 “foot.”] Synony mous with Solidungu- 
 lus, which see. 
 
 Sol'I-ta-ry Glands. [Gian 'dulse 
 Solita'riae.] Small, flattened, granular 
 bodies found in the stomach and intes- 
 tines. 
 
 So'li-um.* A species of tape-worm. 
 See Taenia Solium. 
 
 Sol-liU'nar In'flu-ence. The in- 
 fluence supposed to be produced on va- 
 rious diseases when the sun and moon 
 are in conjunction. 
 
 Solstice. [Solsti'tfum : from sol, 
 the “ sun,” and sto, to “ stand,” to “ stop.”] 
 The time at which the sun is at its 
 greatest distance from the equator, when 
 511 
 
SOL 
 
 son 
 
 it seems to stop in its course southward 
 or northward, and to stand still for a few 
 days, which occurs twice a year, the sum- 
 mer solstice and winter solstice, — that is, 
 about the 21st of June and 21st of De- 
 cember. 
 
 Solstitial, sol-stish'al. [Solstitia'- 
 
 lis.] Belonging to the solstice. 
 
 Sol-u-bil'i-ty. [From sol'vo , solu'- 
 tum, to “ loosen.”] Susceptibility of solu- 
 tion in any menstruum. Substances are 
 soluble in proportion as their particles 
 have a stronger attraction for the fluid 
 which constitutes the menstruum, than 
 for each other. They are insoluble when 
 their particles have a stronger attraction 
 for each other than for the menstruum. 
 
 Sol'u-ble. [Solu'bilis; from the 
 same.] Susceptible of solution. In Bo- 
 tany, separating into parts. 
 
 Solum.* A Latin word, signifying 
 the “bottom,” or “ground;” also the 
 “ sole of the foot.” 
 
 So-lu'tion. [Solu'tio, o'nis ; from 
 
 sol'vo , solu'tum, to “loosen,” to “melt,” 
 to “dissolve.”] The act of dissolving a 
 solid body; the diffusion of the particles 
 of a solid through a liquid; also, the 
 state of a solid body which has been dis- 
 solved. Applied also to any substance 
 dissolved in a liquid. 
 
 Solu tion of Con-ti-mi'i-ty. The 
 breaking down, or division, of the skin 
 and other textures by a blow, a cutting 
 instrument, or ulceration. 
 
 Sol v. = Sol've .* “ Dissolve.” 
 
 Solvent. [Sol'vens; from sol'vo , 
 to “loosen,” or “ dissolve.”] Applied to 
 any liquor capable of dissolving bodies. 
 
 So-iir.i-4oI'o-&y. [Somatolo'gda ; 
 from o-co^a, < Ti'fxaro the “body,” and \6yog, 
 a “discourse.”] A treatise on the human 
 body ; anatomy. 
 
 So-ma-tot'o-my. [Somatoto'nnia ; 
 
 from awfjia, o- '>/*aro;, the “ body,” and rq-ij/co, 
 to “cut.”] The same as Anatoaiy, which 
 see. 
 
 Som-nam'bu-lism. [Somnambii- 
 lis'imis; from som'nus , “sleep,” and 
 ani'bulo, to “walk.”] Sleep-walking, or 
 walking in one’s sleep ; a species of dream- 
 ing in which the bodily as well as the 
 mental functions are affected. 
 
 Soin-nif 'e-ra. : - [The neuter plural 
 of somnif'erus. See next article.] Agents 
 which cause sleep. 
 
 Som-nif 'cr-ous. [Soimiif erus ; 
 
 from som'nus, “sleep,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bring.”] Causing or inducing sleep; 
 hypnotic. Nearly the same as Soporif- 
 erous, which see. 
 
 512 
 
 Som'no-lence, or Som'no-IeDi-cy. 
 [Scsimolen'tia; from som'nus, “ sleep.”] 
 Sleepiness. 
 
 Soui'iio-lent. [Soinnolen'tus; 
 
 from the same.] Sleepy; drowsy. 
 
 ftoni'no-lism. [From the same.] 
 The somnolent state induced by the 
 manipulations termed animal magnetism. 
 
 Sonde, s6xd. The French term for a 
 Sound, which see. 
 
 Son'i-tns.* [From so'no , son'itum , 
 to “sound.”] A sounding, as in the 
 ears. See Tinnitus. 
 
 So-nom'e-ter. [Soiiorn'etrum; 
 
 from so' mis, “sound,” and nzrpo j, a “mea- 
 sure.”] An instrument for measuring 
 the ratios of the vibrations of different 
 sonorous bodies. 
 
 Soof. See Fuligo Ligni. 
 
 Soot'-S>rops. Hysteric Mixture. 
 Tincture of soot, consisting of wood- 
 soot, assafoetida, and proof-spirit; used 
 in hysteria. 
 
 Soot-Wart. See Cancer Scroti. 
 
 Sooty. See Fuliginous. 
 
 No-plifs-ti-ca/tion. [SopSiistica'- 
 tio, o'nis ; from aopariKog, “sophistical,” 
 “deceitful.”] Adulteration of a medi- 
 cine, aliment, etc. 
 
 So'pi-ens.* [From so'pio, to “put to 
 sleep,” to “set at rest.”J Assuaging; 
 anodyne: so'pient. 
 
 So'por, o'r is.* Sound, deep, or pro- 
 found sleep. 
 
 So-po-rif'er-ous. [Soporif'erus; 
 
 from so'por, “ sound sleep,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bring.”] Inducing sound or deep sleep. 
 See Somniferous. 
 
 So-po-rif'ic. [Soporlf 'icus; from 
 
 so'por , “sound sleep,” and fa'cio, to 
 “make.”] Causing or inducing sleep. 
 
 So'po-rous, or So-po-rose'. [Sopo- 
 ro'sus, fcopo'rus; from so'por, “sound 
 sleep.”] Causing deep sleep ; narcotic. 
 
 ►Sor'bate. [Sor'bas, a't?«.] A com- 
 bination of sorbic acid with a base. The 
 same as Malate. 
 
 Sorbet, or Sorbetuni. See Sherbet. 
 
 Sor'bic. [Sor'bicus; from Sor' bus, 
 the “mountain ash.”] Belonging to tho 
 Sorbns. A name sometimes applied to 
 malic acid, which may be procured from 
 its berries. 
 
 Sor'bus An-cti-pa'ri-PU* The sys- 
 tematic name of tho Mountain Ash, 
 which is said to contain a large quantity 
 of hydrocyanic acid. It is called Pyrus 
 Aucupnrin by some writers. 
 
 Sor'deA.* Literally, “ filth.” Applied 
 to the foul matter discharged from ulcers ; 
 also, to filth which collects on the teeth, 
 
SOR 
 
 SPA 
 
 more particularly in certain low fevers, 
 to foul accumulations in the stomach, etc. 
 
 Sore-Ttiroat. See Cynanche. 
 
 So'ri,* the plural of So'rus. Heaps, 
 or patches, as those of the spore-cases 
 of most ferns, called in English fruit-dots. 
 
 So-ro'sis.** [From acopdj, a “ collec- 
 tion/’] A fleshy multiple fruit, like a 
 mulberry. 
 
 Sorrel. A popular name applied to 
 the Oxalis acetosella, and also to the 
 Rumex acetosa. 
 
 Sorus. See Sort. 
 
 Soiule, sood. The French name for 
 Soda, which see. 
 
 Soufre, soofR. The French name for 
 Sulphur, which see. 
 
 Soul. See Anima. 
 
 Sound. [Lat. So nus; Fr. Son, s6n°.] 
 The effect produced on the organ of hear- 
 ing by the vibrations of the air or other 
 medium. 
 
 Sound. [From the French sonder, 
 to “ fathom,” to “try the depth of the 
 sea;” hence, to “try,” or “examine.”] 
 An instrument for introduction through 
 the urethra into the bladder, to ascertain 
 whether a calculus be present. 
 
 Sourcil, soon'se'. The French name 
 for “eyebrow.” See Supercilium. 
 
 Sourd, soor. The French word for 
 Deaf, which see. 
 
 Sour-I>ocBt. The Rumex acetosa. 
 
 Sous-claviere, soo kl&'ve-eR'. The 
 French term for Subclavian, which see. 
 
 Soutai'ern-wood, Tar-ta/ri-aii. 
 The Artemisia santonica. 
 
 Soymida Febrifuga. See Swiete- 
 NIA FeBRIFUGA. 
 
 Sp. = Spir'itus* “Spirit.” 
 
 Spa, spS,. A town in Belgium, near 
 the Prussian frontier, celebrated for its 
 mineral waters. The name is also ap- 
 plied to other mineral springs. 
 
 Spadiceous, spa-dish'us. [From spa'- 
 dix.'] Bearing a spadix. 
 
 Spa'dix, i' cis* [Gr. (rrrzSi £, a “palm- 
 branch.”] A sort of fleshy spike, envel- 
 oped by a large bract or modified leaf, 
 called a spathe, as in Indian Turnip 
 (Arum). 
 
 Spain, Peltitory of. See Anthe- 
 mis Pyrethrum. 
 
 Spalter. See Spelter. 
 
 Span. The length spanned between 
 the thumb and little finger, equal to 
 seven or eight inches. 
 
 Spa-nae'mi-a.* [From cmavog, “poor,” 
 and alga, “blood.”] Poverty of blood; 
 cachsemia. 
 
 Spanish Fly. See Cantharis. 
 
 44 
 
 Span'ish Liq uo-nce. A name for 
 coarse or common liquorice; because 
 chiefly brought from Spain. See Gly- 
 
 CYRRHIZA. 
 
 Span'ish White. A name for whito 
 bismuth ; nitrate of bismuth. 
 
 Spar. [From the German Spath?] 
 A mineralogical term applied to certain 
 crystallized substances which are easily 
 broken into cubic, prismatic, or other 
 fragments with polished surfaces. 
 
 Sp ar, Fluor. See Fluor Spar. 
 
 Spar, Heavy. A name for sulphate 
 of baryta. 
 
 Sparse. [Spar'sus; from spar’ go, 
 spar' sum, to “strew about,” to “sprin- 
 kle,” to “scatter.”] Applied to flowers, 
 leaves, etc. which are scattered and gene- 
 rally scanty. 
 
 Spar-si-flo'rous. [Sparsillo'rus ; 
 
 from spar'sus , “scattered,” and Jios, a 
 “flower.”] Having scattered or few 
 flowers. 
 
 Spar-si-fo'li-ate. [Sparsifolia'tus; 
 
 from spar'sus, “ scattered,” and /o' Hum, 
 a “leaf.”] Having scattered leaves. 
 
 Spartiuin,* spar'she-um. [From 
 t rrrupTri , a “rope.”] A Linnsean genus of 
 the class Diadelphia, natural order Legu- 
 minosse. 
 
 Spar'tium Jun'ce-um.* Spanish 
 Broom. A leguminous plant the seeds 
 of which have been used in dropsy. 
 
 Spar'tium Sco-pa'ri-um.* Tho 
 
 former systematic name of the common 
 broom-plant; now the Cgt'isus scopa' rius. 
 
 Spasm. [Spasmus; from ondcj, to 
 “draw.”] The sudden, involuntary con- 
 traction of muscles, or of muscular fibres; 
 a convulsion, cramp. 
 
 1. Constrictive Spasm is attended 
 with contraction, rigidity, or both, as 
 wry-neck, lock-jaw, etc. See Entasia. 
 
 2. Clonic Spasm. [See Clonic.] A 
 violent agitation of one or more muscles 
 in sudden and irregular snatches, as hic- 
 cough, sneezing, epilepsy, etc. 
 
 3. Synclonic Spasm [ Syn'clonus ] is 
 the simultaneous and chronic agitation of 
 different muscles, as in St. Vitus’ Dance. 
 
 4. Tonic Spasm consists in the con- 
 stant contraction of a muscle, etc. 
 
 Spasma. See Spasmus. 
 
 Spasmatic. See Spasmodic. 
 
 Spas'mi.* [Plural of spas'mus, a 
 “spasm.”] Spasmodic diseases. The 
 name of an order of the class Neuroses 
 in Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Spas-mo des.^ [From cnaagog, a 
 “spasm.”] Convulsive; having spasm 
 or convulsion. 
 
 513 
 
SPA 
 
 SPE 
 
 SlKts-mail'ic. [Spasmotl'icus 5 from 
 
 spas' mas, a “ spasm/’] Relating to spasm,* 
 convulsive. See Spasmatic. 
 
 Sp;is-mo-tlysp-n«e'a»' i: ' [From spas’ - 
 mas, a “spasm,” and dyspnce’ a.] Con- 
 vulsive dyspnoea or difficulty of breath- 
 ing. 
 
 Spas-molo-gy. [Spasmologia; 
 
 from ana'j/xts, a “spasm,” and \oyog, a 
 “discourse.”] That branch of Pathology 
 which treats of spasms or convulsions, 
 their character and causes. 
 
 Spas mus Ca-ni'nus,* Spas mus 
 Cyn'I-cus.* (“ Canine Spasm.”) The 
 Hisus Sardonicus. See Sardonic Laugh. 
 
 Spas'tic. [Spas'ticus; from on-aco, 
 to “draw.”] Drawing to or from. Ap- 
 plied to the contraction of muscles, etc., 
 from disease. 
 
 Spas'ti-ca.* [From the same.] Agents 
 which increase the irritability of the 
 muscles and induce spasm or convulsion. 
 
 Spa-tEaa'ceous. [Spatlia'ceus.] 
 Having a spathe; of the character or 
 nature of a spathe. 
 
 Spatiie, spaTH. [Lat. Spa'ttaa; Gr. 
 tTTradn.] Originally, a spatula; a ladle. 
 Applied to a sheath which completely 
 encloses the flowers before their expan- 
 sion ; the enveloping bract of a spadix, 
 as in the Indian Turnip. 
 
 Spatll i-flo'rus.* [From spa'tha, a 
 “spathe,” and jios, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing flowers surrounded by a spathe. 
 
 Spatluila. See Spatula. 
 
 Spatfiulate. See Spatulate. 
 
 Spat'll- la.* [Diminutive of spa’tha.'] 
 A broad instrument like a knife with 
 blunt edges, for spreading ointments, etc. 
 
 Spat'u-late. [Spatula' tus.] Shaped 
 like a spatula. 
 
 Spear-mint. See Mentha Sativa. 
 
 Spear-Shaped. See Lanceolate. 
 
 Spec ial I>es-crip'tlve Bot'a-ny. 
 
 A scientific account of all known plants, 
 designated by proper names and distin- 
 guished by clear and exact descriptions. 
 
 Species,* spee'sh^z. [From spe'cio, 
 to “see to,” to “behold.”] Originally, a 
 “form,” “likeness.” In Natural History, 
 an assemblage or series of similar organic 
 beings. A species is, abstractly, the 
 type or original of each sort of plant or 
 animal, represented in time by a peren- 
 nial succession of like individuals; or. 
 concretely, it is the sum of such series or 
 congeries of individuals. — (Gray.) 
 
 Spe-cif'ic. [Specif 'icus ; from spe'- 
 cies, and fa’cio, to “make.”] Literally, 
 “that makes or constitutes a species,” as 
 in the phrase a “ specific difference.” 
 514 
 
 Relating to species; special. Often ap- 
 plied to a medicine of supposed infallible 
 efficacy in the cure of a particular species 
 or form of disease ; or to a remedy which 
 has a special action on some particular 
 organ, — for example, like that of ergot 
 on the uterus. 
 
 Specific Gravity. See Gravity. 
 
 Spe-cil'lum.* [From spe'cio , to 
 “behold,” or “examine.”] A probe. 
 
 Spe^ 1-men.* [From the same.] A 
 Latin word signifying a “proof,” “in- 
 stance,” “ model,” etc. Applied to plants, 
 animals, and minerals collected for sci- 
 entific purposes; and to a part of any 
 thing exhibited as a sample. 
 
 Spec'ta-cled Snalke. The Naja vul- 
 garis, or Cobra de capello. 
 
 Spec trum.* [From spec' to, to “be- 
 hold.”] A figure seen or imagined; a 
 spectre. In Optics, a spectrum is an 
 elongated image of the sun, or other lumi- 
 nous body, formed on a wall or screen 
 in a darkened room, by a beam of light 
 received through a small aperture and 
 refracted by a glass prism. It exhibits 
 the colors of the rainbow. 
 
 Spec'u-lar. [Specula' ris.] Belong- 
 ing to the speculum. 
 
 Spec'u-lum,* plural Spec'u-la. 
 [From spe'cio, to “behold.”] Originally, 
 a “mirror” of any kind. In Optics, a 
 metallic mirror used in a reflecting tele- 
 scope. In Surgery, an instrument for 
 widening natural openings of passages, 
 or keeping parts separate, so as to obtain 
 a view of what is within. Applied also 
 to a brilliant colored mark, forming the 
 anterior borders of the tectrices of birds. 
 
 Spec'uluui Metal. An alloy of 
 about two parts of copper and one of 
 tin, used for making mirrors. Its white- 
 ness is improved by the addition of a 
 little arsenic. 
 
 Speeclilessness. See Aphonia. 
 
 Spel'trum.* (“Spelter.”) A name 
 for native impure zinc. 
 
 Sperm. See Sperma. 
 
 Sperm-Cell. A cell contained in the 
 liquor scminis, in which spermatozoa are 
 produced. 
 
 Sper'ma,* gen. Sper'ma-tis. [Gr. 
 
 cTceppa, “ seed,” or “ semen ;” Fr. Se- 
 ntence, seh-moNss'.] Literally, “seed.” 
 Sperm; the fecundating liquor in ani- 
 mals. Also applied incorrectly to sper- 
 maceti, a substance found in the head of 
 some species of whales, and which con- 
 cretes or crystallizes spontaneously on 
 the death of the animal. 
 
 Sper-uia-^e'ti. [From sper’ma , and 
 
SPE 
 
 SPE 
 
 KrjTO$, the “ whale.”] The same as Ceta- 
 ceum, which see. 
 
 Spermalogia. See Spermatology. 
 
 Sper'ma-pliore. [From oneppa, “ seed/’ 
 and (pope w, to “bear/’] A name some- 
 times applied to the placenta and some- 
 times to the funiculus of the seed of a 
 plant. 
 
 Sper'ma-ta,* the plural of Sperm a, 
 which see. 
 
 Sper-ma-the'ca.* [From oneppa, 
 “ seed,” or “semen,” and Orjxrt, a “shrine.”] 
 A repository in the upper part of the 
 oviduct in female insects, for receiving 
 the seminal fluid of the male. 
 
 Sper-mat/ic. [Spermat'icus: from 
 oneppa, onepparo j, “ seed,” or “ semen.”] Re- 
 lating to the semen, or seed; seminal. 
 
 Spermat'ic Ca-nal' (otherwise called 
 the In'gui-nal Canal'). The oblique 
 passage in the abdominal parietes 
 through which is transmitted the sper- 
 matic cord. The internal and external 
 orifices of this canal are termed respect- 
 ively the internal and external abdomi- 
 nal (or inguinal) rings. 
 
 Spermatic Cord [Funic 'ulus 
 Spermat'icus], also termed Tes-tic'u- 
 lar Cord. The cord by which the tes- 
 ticle is suspended. It consists of the 
 vessels and nerves which pass to and 
 from the testis, enclosed in several tunics 
 and the few muscular fibres (or muscular 
 fascia) known as the cremaster muscle. 
 
 Spcr'ma-tin. [Sperinati'na; from 
 oneppa, “ seed,” or “ semen.”] A substance 
 obtained from the seminal fluid of animals. 
 
 Sper'ma-tism. [Speruiatis'mus ; 
 from onepparifa, to “bear or produce 
 seed.”] The emission of semen. Also, 
 the doctrine which maintains that the 
 germ in animals is produced by spermatic 
 animalcules. See Spermatozoa. 
 
 Sper'ma-to-^ele.* [From oneppa, 
 “semen,” and Kr{kn, a “tumor.”] A 
 swelling of the testicle, or epididymis, 
 from an accumulation of semen. 
 
 Sper'ma-to-clem'ma, sit is* [From 
 oneppa, “semen,” and nXenrcn, to “steal,” 
 to “'pass unobserved.”] Pollutio diurna, 
 or involuntary escape of semen in the 
 daytime. See Spermatorrhiea, and 
 Spermatorrhiea Dormientium. 
 
 Sper'ma-to-derm. [Spermato- 
 der'Bua, at is; from oneppa, “ seed,” and 
 ikpna, the “skin.”] The outer covering 
 of a seed, origina’ly the primine of the 
 ovule. 
 
 Sper'msvt^gfo'iii-a.* [From oneppa, 
 “semen,” and yovp, “ generation.”] Se- 
 yetion 0 f semen : spermatog'ony. 
 
 Spcr-nna-tog , 'ra-phy. [Sperma- 
 
 tog-ra'phia; from oneppa, “seed,” and 
 ypdibco, to “ write.”] A description of seeds. 
 
 Sper-ma-tol'o-gy. [Spermatolo'- 
 g*ia; from oneppa, onepparog, “semen,” and 
 \6yog, a “discourse.”] That branch of 
 Physiology which treats of the secretion 
 and nature of semen. 
 
 Sperina-to-po-et'ic. [Spormato- 
 poet'icus, or Sperinatopoe'us; from 
 oneppa, “semen,” and noieco, to “make,” to 
 “produce.”] Producing semen; also, 
 promoting the secretion of semen. 
 
 Sper'ma-tor-rlitie'a.* [From oneppa, 
 “semen,” and pan, to “flow.”] An in- 
 voluntary emission of semen without 
 copulation. The same as gonorrhoea in 
 the strict sense. 
 
 Sperinatorrlioe'a Itoimienl him* 
 
 (dor-me-en'she-um), called also Cion-or- 
 rlice'si I>oriiiieii'tiiini.- (“Seminal 
 Emission of [those] Sleeping.”) An emis- 
 sion of semen during sleep, most fre- 
 quently the result of libidinous dreams, 
 but sometimes caused by nervous weak- 
 ness, and occasionally by simple reple- 
 tion of the seminal vessels. See Pollu- 
 tion. 
 
 Sper-ma-tos'-elie-sis.* [From oneppa, 
 “semen,” ando-\ccrtf, a “checking.”] Want 
 or suppression of semen. 
 
 Sper'ma-to-ze'ml-a.* [From oneppa, 
 “semen,” and Snpia, “loss.”] Cessation 
 of the seminal secretion. 
 
 Sper-ma-to-zo'a,* the plural of 
 Spermatozoon, which see. 
 
 Spermatozoids. See Spermato- 
 zoon. 
 
 Sper'ma-to-zo'on,* plural Sper'- 
 ma-lo-zo'a; also termed Sper'ma-to- 
 zo'ids. [From oneppa, “semen,” and 
 £woy, an “animal.”] Applied to nume- 
 rous minute bodies discovered in the 
 semen, formerly supposed to be animal- 
 cula. They would seem to be analogous 
 to the pollen-tubes of plants; they are 
 considered by physiologists to constitute 
 the essential or fecundating principle of 
 the semen. 
 
 Sper'mic, or Sper'mous. [From 
 oneppa, “seed.”] In Botany, relating to 
 the seed. 
 
 Sper-iiiol>'©-le/*' [From oneppa, “se- 
 men,” and fidWco, to “cast.”] The same 
 as Spermatism, which see. 
 
 Sper'iiRMlenn. [Spermoder'ma, 
 n' is, or Spermoder'mis, id is; from 
 oneppa, “seed,” and <5 eppa, the “skin.”] 
 The outer or proper seed-coat of a plant. 
 
 Spermogonia. See Spermatogonia. 
 
 Sper-mol'i-ttius.* [From oneppa, a 
 515 
 
SPE 
 
 SPH 
 
 “seed,” or “semen,” and \iQog, a “stone.”] 
 A fossil seed; a spermolite. Also ap- 
 plied to an indurated concretion in the 
 
 vesiculse seminales. 
 
 Sper-mor-rlioe'a.* The same as 
 Spermatorrhoea, which see. 
 
 Sp3ias'e-iat-ed. [Spfiacela'tus ; 
 from sphacelus.] Mortified. Pertaining 
 to, or in the state of, sphacelus. 
 
 Splia^-e-la'taon. [Sphacela'tio, 
 o'nis; from sphacelus.] Mortification. 
 
 Splta^-e-lis'imis.* [From acpatceXi^ co, 
 to “be affected with gangrene.”] In- 
 flammation of the brain; also, mortifica- 
 tion of some part. 
 
 ®pJia$'<e-loid. [Spflraceloi'des ; 
 
 from sphacelus, and eldog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling sphacelus. 
 
 Splia$'e-lais.* [Gr. o-^a/ceXo;.] The 
 complete death of apart; complete mor- 
 tification. See Sideration. 
 
 Sphser-i-car'pnis.* [From apaipa, a 
 “sphere,” and xapnog , “fruit.”] Having 
 spherical fruit: sphericarpous. 
 
 Sjdisc-ric-u-la'tus.* [From mpalpa, 
 a “sphere.”] Approaching the form of 
 a globe or sphere. 
 
 Si>liaeroiilaais. See Spheroidal. 
 
 Sphseraiiles. See Spheroid. 
 
 Sphse-ro'ma, a tis.* [From mpaTpa, a 
 “ sphere.”] A term for a globular, fleshy 
 protuberance or tumor. 
 
 $p3ise-ro-sper'mais. ;: [From crcpaTpa, 
 a “sphere,” and oirzppa, “seed.”] Having 
 round seeds: spherosper'mous. 
 
 Sphenoid. [Sphenoi'des; from 
 ophv, a “wedge,” and eUog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a wedge; cuneiform. 
 
 Sphe-noi'dal. [Splienoidalis; 
 from sphenoi'des os, the “sphenoid bone.”] 
 Belonging to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Sphe'no-pal'a-tlne Gaii'gli-on. 
 The largest of the cranial ganglia, situ- 
 ated in the pterygopalatine fossa. 
 
 Sphe-nop'te-rus.* [From rnpfiv , a 
 “ wedge,” and irrep6j, a “ wing.”] Having 
 wings like a wedge: splienopterous. Ap- 
 plied to plants. 
 
 Sphe'no - Sal-pin'go - Staph-y-li - 
 nus. 5 A designation of the circumjiexus 
 pilati muscle, from its connection with 
 the sphenoid bone, Eustachian tube, and 
 uvula. 
 
 ^phe'no-Staph-^-li'nus. $ [See 
 Staphylixus.] A designation of the le- 
 vator p'l/ati mollis , from its arising from 
 the sphenoid bone and being inserted 
 into the velum paint, /. 
 
 Sphere. [Lat. Sphse'ra; Gr. apaipa, 
 a “globe.”] A solid body described by 
 the revolution of a semicircle about its 
 516 
 
 diameter; or it may be defined to be a 
 body bounded by a surface of which 
 every point is equally distant from a 
 single point within the surface, called the 
 centre of the sphere. In Astronomy, 
 the sphere is the concave expanse of the 
 heavens, which, having no definite limits, 
 appears to the eye as the interior surface 
 of a sphere enclosing the earth, which 
 seems placed at the centre. 
 
 Spher i-cal. [Sphserica'lis; from 
 the same.] Formed like a globe; globu- 
 lar; pertaining to a sphere. 
 
 Sphe'roid. [Sphaeroi'des; from 
 the same.] A solid generated by the 
 revolution of an ellipse about one of its 
 axes. If the generating ellipse revolves 
 about its major axis, the spheroid is 
 prolate , or oblong; if about its minor 
 axis, the spheroid is oblate , as the planet 
 Earth. 
 
 Sphe-roid'al, or Sptoe-roid'ic. 
 [Splsseroida'iis; from the same.] Re- 
 sembling a spheroid. Applied to crys- 
 tals bounded by several convex faces. 
 
 Sphe-rom'e-ter. [Sphserom'e- 
 tnim ; from ocpaipa, a “sphere,” and pz- 
 rpov , a “measure.”] An instrument for 
 measuring the curvature of a surface, 
 chiefly that of optical glasses. 
 
 Sph€r'ule. [Sphaer'ula; diminu- 
 tive of sphse'ra , a “sphere.”] A litt'e 
 sphere ; a round, oblong, or conical con- 
 ceptacle opening at the top by slits or 
 pores. 
 
 Sphinc'ter, e'r is* [From mpiyyu, to 
 “bind tight,” to “close.”] A circular 
 muscle which contracts the aperture to 
 which it is attached. 
 
 Sphinc'ter A'ni.* (“Sphincter of 
 the Anus.”) A thin layer of muscular 
 fibres surrounding the anus like an el- 
 lipse is termed sphincter ani extern us ; 
 another layer embracing the lower ex- 
 tremity of the rectum is called sphincter 
 ani interims. 
 
 Sphinc ter O'ris.* (“Sphincter of 
 the Mouth.”) A name for the orbicula'ria 
 o' r is muscle, situated round the mouth. 
 
 Sphyg-'mi-cal. [Sphyg'nilcus ; 
 
 from a (P’>yp6g, the “pulse.”] Belonging 
 to the pulse. 
 
 Spliygf-mo'deS.* [From the same.] 
 Having a pulse: sphygmous. 
 
 Sphyg--rai©g , 'ra-plliy. [SpSnygrmo- 
 gra'phaa; from oQjypdg, the “pulse,” and 
 yp'ipu >, to “ write.”] A description of the 
 pulse, its nature and causes. 
 
 Sphygmoid. [ Sphy gmoi ' des ; 
 
 from (Tpvypdg, the “pulse,” and cido ; , a 
 “form.”] Resembling the pulse. 
 
SPII 
 
 SPI 
 
 Sphyg-mol 'o-gy . [Sphygmolo'- 
 
 gia; from o$oyp6g, the “pulse,” and Xtyog, 
 a “ discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
 of the pulse. 
 
 Sphyg-mom'e-ter. [Sptoygfwiom'- 
 etruin; from c<$>vy/t6s f the “ pulse, ” and 
 plrpov, a "measure.”] An instrument for 
 measuring the frequency of the pulse; 
 or, according to Iloblyn, an instrument 
 which renders the action of the arteries 
 apparent to the eye. 
 
 Sptoyg-m«s'co>pe,* or Spliyg-mo- 
 seo'pi-a.* [From <r$vyp6;, the “pulse,” 
 and GKoirk(o, to “examine.”] An explora- 
 tion or examination of the pulse, or of 
 different pulses: sphygmoscopy. 
 
 SphyG’-mo-sco'pi-uni.* [From the 
 same.] A spliygmoscopc, an instrument 
 similar to the Sphygmometer, which see. 
 
 Sphjfg’-mo-teeh'ne.* [From acbvy- 
 itog, the “pulse,” and rsxvrj, an “'art.”] 
 The art of examining the pulse. 
 
 Spi'ea.* A Latin word signifying an 
 “ ear of wheat.” Applied to a mode of in- 
 florescence. (See Spike.) In Surgery, a 
 bandage somewhat like an ear of wheat 
 or barley in shape. 
 
 Spi'cate. [Spica'tus; from spi’ea, 
 a “spike/'] Relating to, or disposed in, 
 a spike. 
 
 Spi-?s-fl©'rous. [From spi'ea, a 
 “spike,” and Jlo, s-, a “flower.”] Having 
 flowers disposed in spikes. 
 
 Spi'^a-forin. [Spicifor'inis ; from 
 spi'ea, a “spike.”] Having the form of 
 an ear or spike. 
 
 Spi-^ig'e-rous. [Spicig'erus ; from 
 spi'ea, a “spike,” and ye'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing ears or spikes. 
 
 Spic'u-la,* plural Spic'u-lse. [Di- 
 minutive of spi'ea , a “ spike.”] A little 
 spike; a spikelet. Also applied to a 
 nee/le-like splinter or fragment, as of 
 bone, etc. Sec Acicula, and Spikelet. 
 
 Spic' u-lap, * gen. Spic-uda ruHi, the 
 plural of Spicula, which sec. 
 
 Spic'u-lar. [Spicula'ris ; from 
 spic'ula , a “ s^.kelet.”] Belonging to a 
 spikelet, or like a spicula. 
 
 Spic-w-lif er-eus. [Spiculif'eru§ ; 
 from spic' ula, a “spikelet,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Having flowers disposed in 
 spic ul sc. 
 
 Spi-gelba.* [From Spige'lius, a 
 "botanist. ] Pinkroot. A Linnaean ge- 
 nus of the class Pentandria, natural order 
 tren liana ccse. Also, the Pharmacopoeia! 
 flame (U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for the root of 
 Spiff elia Marilandica. 
 
 Sp%e'lia Mar-i-lan'di-ca.® The 
 Indian or Carolina pink; also called 
 44 * 
 
 Spige’lia lonice'ra. It is extensively used 
 as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Spigelian ILofoe. See Lobulus Spi 
 
 GELII. 
 
 Spike. [From spi'ea, an “ear of 
 corn or wheat.”] A prolonged indefinite 
 inflorescence, with sessile flowers, as in 
 the plantain and wheat. A spike is the 
 same as a raceme, except that the flowers 
 are sessile. 
 
 Spikelet. [Spic'ula.] A little 
 spike. A secondary spike; the ultimate 
 flower-cluster of the grasses. 
 
 Spike'nard. A perfume and stimu- 
 lant medicine procured from the Nar’dus 
 In'dica (or Nardos'tachys Jataman' si), an 
 Indian plant. 
 
 Spike-Stalk. [Rha'chis.] The re- 
 ceptacle of the florets in spikelets of 
 grasses, or of the spikelets themselves. 
 
 Spi-lo'nia, a tie,* plural Spi-lo' ma- 
 in. [From «nrtXo^, a “stain,” a “blem- 
 ish.”] Another name for N^evus Ma- 
 ternus, which see. 
 
 Spi na,* plural Spi'na?. Originally, 
 a “ thorn,” a “prickle.” The spine. Also 
 applied to one of the spinous processes. 
 See Spine. 
 
 Spina Bifida. See Schistorrhachis. 
 
 Spi'na Ven-to'sa.* A disease in 
 which matter is formed in a bone, ex- 
 pands its walls, and makes its way out- 
 ward, sometimes insinuating itself into 
 the cellular substance so as to render it 
 soft and flabby, as if filled with air. See 
 Arthrocace. 
 
 Spi 'use,* the plural of Spina. See 
 Spine. 
 
 Spi'nal. [Spinalis; from spi'na , 
 the “Bpine.”] Pertaining to the spine, 
 or backbone. Also, belonging to or con- 
 nected with the spinous processes. 
 
 Spi'nal Cen tre. Applied by M. Hall 
 to the spinal marrow, regarded as dis- 
 tinct from the nerves proceeding from it. 
 
 Spi'nal Chord. The Spinal Mar- 
 row, which see. 
 
 Spinal Column. See Vertebral 
 Column. 
 
 Spi'nal Mar row. [Medulla Spi- 
 nalis.] The medullary substance con- 
 tained in the spinal or vertebral column; 
 the spinal chord. 
 
 Spi'nal Men-in-gi'tis. A term 
 applied to the inflammation of the me- 
 ninges, or membranes which enclose the 
 spinal marrow. 
 
 Spi'nal Sys'tem of Nerves. Ap- 
 plied to those nerves which issue from 
 the spinal marrow considered independ- 
 ently of the ganglionic or cerebral sys- 
 517 
 
terns. Those which convey impressions 
 of irritation from the surface of the body, 
 or from mucous surfaces, to the true 
 spinal marrow, called Incident, — and 
 those that convey motor phenomena from 
 it, named Reflex spinal nerves. 
 
 Spi-na'lis I>or'si.* (“Spinal [Mus- 
 cle] of the Back.”) A muscle of the 
 back which, with its follow, forms an 
 ellipse enclosing the spinous processes 
 of all the dorsal vertebrae. 
 
 Spi'nate. [Spina'tus; from spi'na, 
 a “thorn.”] Having thorns ; or shaped 
 like a spine or thorn. 
 
 Spindle-Shaped. See Fusiform. 
 
 Spine. [Lat. Spi'na; Fr. Epine, 
 Ap£n'.] A thorn, or rigid prickle pro- 
 ceeding from the woody part of a plant. 
 Also applied to a process or projection 
 of bone, and hence to the backbone or 
 vertebral column, on account of its nu- 
 merous spines or projections. 
 
 Spi-nes'^ence. [Spinescen'tia ; 
 from spi'na, a “thorn.”] The state or con- 
 dition of a surface covered with thorns. 
 
 Spi-nes'sent. [Spines'eens : from 
 the same.] Becoming hard and thorny; 
 tipped with a spine. 
 
 Spi-nif'er-ous. [Spinif'erus; from 
 spi'na , a “thorn,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing spines. 
 
 Spi-m-fo'll-ous. [Spinifclia'tns ; 
 
 from spi'na, a “thorn,” and f o' lium, a 
 “leaf.”] Having spinous leaves. 
 
 Spi'ni-form. [Spinifor'mis; from 
 spi’na, a “thorn.”] Having the form of 
 spines. 
 
 Spi-nig^er-us.* [From spi'na , a 
 “thorn,” and ge'ro, to “bear.”] The 
 same as Spiniferous, which see. 
 
 Spin'ne-rets. The minute teats, or 
 mammillse, of the Arachnides. See Fusus, 
 
 Spin'ne-rules. [From the same.] 
 Innumerable minute tubes with which 
 each spinneret of the Arachnides is 
 studded, every one of which emits a 
 thread of inconceivable fineness. 
 
 Spi-no-car'pous. [Spinocar'pus; 
 from spi'na, a “thorn,” and Kapiro^, 
 “fruit.”] Having spinous or prickly 
 fruit. 
 
 Spi'nous, or Spl-nose'. [Spino'- 
 
 8 us ; from spi'na, a “thorn.”] Having 
 thorns or spines ; thorny, or shaped like 
 a thorn. 
 
 Spin-the-ris'mus.* [From <rnvOri~ 
 jnCw, to “emit sparks.”] The sensation 
 of an issuing of sparks from the eyes: 
 spintherism. The same as Scintilla- 
 tion, which see. 
 
 Spin-t&ie-rom'e-ter. [Spinthe- 
 
 518 
 
 rom'etrum; from cntvQhp, a “spark,” 
 and pirpov, a “measure.”] An instrument 
 for determining the size, power, and 
 shock of electrical sparks. 
 
 Spin-the-ro'pi-a.* [From oirwOfip, 
 a “spark,” and coip, d)7r6 s , the “eye.”] A 
 morbid state of vision, in which there is 
 an appearance of sparks or scintillations 
 before the eyes. 
 
 Spin-u-lif 'er-ous. [ftp i ami if erus ; 
 
 from spin'ula, a “ little spine,” and fe'ro, 
 to “bear.”] Bearing or having small 
 spines. 
 
 Spin-u-lose'. [Spinulo'sus; from 
 spin'ula, a “little spine.”] Having small 
 spines: spinulous. 
 
 Spiracle. See Spiraculum. 
 
 Spi-rac'u-ia,* the plural of Spi- 
 raculum, which see. 
 
 Spi-rac ' u -1 w m,* plural Spi-rac'u- 
 la. [From spi'ro, to “breathe.”] A 
 Latin word signifying a “breathing- 
 hole,” or a “vent.” A spiracle. Applied 
 to the respiratory pores of the skin. Pro- 
 posed by Latreille as a term instead of 
 stigma, to designate the exterior orifices 
 of the tracheae of insects. 
 
 Spi-rae'a.* Hardhack. The Pliar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the root 
 of the Spirse'a tomento'sa. It is tonic and 
 astringent, and is sometimes used in 
 diarrhoea, cholera infantum, etc. 
 
 Spi ral. [Spira'lis; from spi'ra, a 
 “coil,” or “spire;” a “ wreath.”] Wind- 
 ing like the worm of a screw; winding 
 round a cylinder and at the same time 
 rising or advancing. Applied to a curve 
 which winds around a point in successive 
 convolutions. In Geometry , a name given 
 to a class of curves distinguished by this 
 general property, that they continually 
 recede from a centre or pole, while they 
 continue to revolve about it. 
 
 Spiral Arrangement of Leaves. 
 See Phyllotaxis. 
 
 Spi'ral Bandage. The common 
 roller applied spirally round a limb. 
 
 Spi'ral Ves sels, or Spi'ral Bncts. 
 
 Membranous tubes with conical extremi- 
 ties, lined on the inside by a fibre twisted 
 spirally and capable of unrolling with 
 elasticity. They constitute a part of the 
 vascular tissue of plants of the higher 
 grades, and are often filled with air. 
 
 Spirit. Sec Spiritus. 
 
 Splr'it of Salt. Muriatic, or hydro- 
 chloric, acid. 
 
 Spir'it of Wine, Rec'ti-lied. A 
 
 name for alcohol. 
 
 Spir'it of Wine, Weak er. [Spir 
 itusi Ten'uior.] A name for proof- 
 
SPI 
 
 SPI 
 
 spirit, half the strength of rectified 
 spirit. 
 
 Spir-i-tu-o'sa et AE-tlie're-a.* 
 
 (“ Spirituous and Ethereal [Substan- 
 ces]. A class of powerful and diffu- 
 sible stimulants, including ardent spirits, 
 wine, beer, and the ethers. 
 
 Spir'it-u-ous. [Spiritwo'sus; from 
 spir'itus, “spirit."J Having spirit, or 
 full of spirit. 
 
 Spir'i-tus.* [From spi'ro, to 
 
 “ breathe."] The air received and dis- 
 charged by the action of the lungs ; the 
 breath. Also, the soul, or spirit. (See 
 Anima.) Also, spirit, alcohol, or a liquor 
 containing a large proportion of it. 
 
 Spir'itus iE'tfiie-ris Com-pos'i- 
 tns.* (“ Compound Spirit of Ether.") 
 Hoffmann's Anodyne. Take of ether, half 
 a pint; alcohol, a pint; ethereal oil, six 
 fiuidrachms. Mix them. A very popu- 
 lar remedy both as an anodyne and anti- 
 spasmodic. 
 
 Spir'itus iE'tlkeris Ni'tri-ci.* 
 
 Nitric ether. See next article. 
 
 Spir'itus iE'tflaeris Jfi-tro'si.* 
 
 (“ Spirit of Nitrous Ether.") Spir'itus 
 AE'tSueiras Xi'tri-ci, ;: 1850. Commonly 
 called Sweet Spir'it of Xi'tre. The 
 
 Pharmacopoeial name for a volatile in- 
 flammable liquid, of a pale-yellow color 
 inclining slightly to green, having a fra- 
 grant ethereal odor free from pungency, 
 and a sharp, burning taste. It is diapho- 
 retic, diuretic, and antispasmodic, and is 
 much used in febrile affections, especially 
 such as are accompanied with nervous 
 excitement. 
 
 Spir'itus iE'tEneris Sul-piku'ri-ca.* 
 
 (“Spirit of Sulphuric Ether.") (Fr. 
 Esprit cV Ether sulfurique , es'pne' dAteii' 
 siirfu'rek'.) Sulphuric ether. The jEther 
 of the United States and British Pharma- 
 copoeias. It is a powerful diffusible 
 stimulant and narcotic. It is very ex- 
 tensively employed as an anaesthetic. See 
 Ether, Sulphuric. 
 
 Spir'itus Am-mmo'ni-se.* (“Spirit of 
 Ammonia.") The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the preparation formerly 
 known as ammoniated alcohol. It con- 
 sists of a solution of caustic ammonia 
 in diluted alcohol. It is stimulant and 
 antispasmodic. 
 
 Spir'itus A-ni'si.* (“Spirit of 
 Anise.") Take of oil of anise, a fluid- 
 ounce; stronger alcohol, fifteen fluid- 
 ounces. Dissolve the oil in the stronger 
 alcohol. v 
 
 Spir'itus €am'plio-rse.* (“ Spirit of 
 Camphor.") TTmc-tu'ra Cam'pliorae,* 
 
 1850. (“Tincture of Camphor.") Take 
 of camphor, four troy ounces ; alcohol, two 
 pints. Dissolve the camphor in the alco- 
 hol, and filter through paper. 
 
 Spir'itus Chlo-ro-for'mi.* (“ Spirit 
 of Chloroform.") Take of purified chlo- 
 roform, atroyounce; stronger alcohol, six 
 fluidounces. Dissolve the chloroform in 
 the stronger alcohol. 
 
 Spir'itus Cin-na-mo'mi.* (“ Spirit 
 of Cinnamon.") Take of oil of cinnamon, 
 a fluidounce; stronger alcohol, fifteen 
 fluidounces. Dissolve the oil in the 
 stronger alcohol. 
 
 Spir'itus Fru-men'ti.** (“ Spirit 
 of Grain.") Whiskey. The name ap- 
 plied to the spirit obtained from fer- 
 mented grain by distillation, and con- 
 taining from forty-eigbt to fifty-six per 
 cent, of absolute alcohol. It has been 
 placed on the primary list of the Materia 
 Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
 1860. 
 
 Spir'itus Gal'Ii-cus.* (“French 
 Spirit.") A name for brandy. 
 
 Spir'itus Ja-niai-$en'sis.* ’(“Ja- 
 maica Spirit.") A name for rum. 
 
 Spir'itus Ju-nip'e-ri Com-posi- 
 tus„* (“Compound Spirit of Juniper.") 
 Take of oil of juniper, a fluidraehm and 
 a half; oil of caraway, oil of fennel, 
 each, ten minims; diluted alcohol, eight 
 pints. Dissolve the oils in the diluted 
 alcohol. 
 
 Spir'itus Fa-van'du-lse.* (“Spirit 
 of Lavender.") Take of lavender, fresh, 
 twenty-four troyounces ; alcohol, eight 
 pints; water, two pints. Mix them, and, 
 with a regulated heat, distil eight pints. 
 
 Spir'itus L.a van dulse Com-pos i- 
 tus.* (“Compound Spirit of Lavender.") 
 Take of oil of lavender, a fluidounce; 
 oil of rosemary, two fluidrachms ; cin- 
 namon, in moderately fine powder, two 
 troyounces; cloves, in moderately fine 
 powder, half a troyounce; nutmeg, in 
 moderately fine poAvdcr, a troyounce; 
 red saunders, in moderately fine powder, 
 three hundred and sixty grains ; alcohol, 
 six pints; water, two pints; diluted al- 
 cohol, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve 
 the oils in the alcohol, and add the water. 
 Then mix the powders, and, having 
 moistened the mixture with a fluidounce 
 of the alcoholic solution of the oils, pack 
 it firmly in a conical percolator, and 
 gradually pr>ur upon it the remainder of 
 the alcoholic solution, and afterwards 
 diluted alcohol, until the filteied liquid 
 measures eight pints. 
 
 Spir'itus Li-mo'nis.* (“Spirit of 
 519 
 
SPI 
 
 SPL 
 
 Lemon.”) Essence of Lemon. Take of 
 oh of lemon, two fluidounces ; lemon- 
 peel, freshly grated, a troy ounce ; strong- 
 er alcohol, two pints. Dissolve the oil 
 in the stronger alcohol, add the lemon- 
 peel, macerate for twenty-four hours, 
 and filter through paper. 
 
 Spir'itus Men'ttiae Plp-er-i'tse.* 
 (“ Spirit of Peppermint.”) Tinc-tu'ra 
 <3>'Se-i Men'thae Piperi'tse,* 1850. 
 (“Tincture of Oil of Peppermint.”) Es- 
 sence of Peppermint. Take of oil of 
 peppermint, a fluidounce ; peppermint, in 
 coarse powder, one hundred and twenty 
 grains; stronger alcohol, fifteen fluid- 
 ounces. Dissolve the oil in the stronger 
 alcohol, add the peppermint, macerate 
 for twenty-four hours, and filter through 
 paper. 
 
 Spir'itus Men'tlsse Vir'I=dis.* 
 
 (“ Spirit of Spearmint.”) Timc-tu'ra 
 O'le-i Menthae Vir'idis,* 1850. 
 (“ Tincture of Oil of Spearmint.”) Es- 
 sence of Spearmint. Take of oil of spear- 
 mint, a fluidounce ; spearmint, in coarse 
 powder, one hundred and twenty grains ; 
 stronger alcohol, fifteen fluidounces. Dis- 
 solve the oil in the stronger alcohol, add 
 the spearmint, macerate for twenty-four 
 hours, and filter through paper. 
 
 Spiritus Miiulereri. See Minde- 
 reri, Spiritus. 
 
 Spir'itus Myr'ci-se* (“ Spirit of 
 Myrcia”), or Bay Ruin. The name 
 applied to the spirit obtained by distil- 
 ling rum with the leaves of the Myrcia 
 acris. It has been placed on the primary 
 list of the Materia Medica of the U.S. 
 Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
 
 Spir'itus JIy-ris'ti-£se.* (“ Spirit 
 of Nutmeg.”) Take of nutmeg, bruised, 
 two troyounces ; diluted alcohol, eight 
 pints; water, a pint. Mix them, and, 
 with a regulated heat, distil eight pints. 
 
 Spir'itus Rec-tl-fi-ca'tus.* (“ Rec- 
 tified Spirit.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Br. Ph.) for dilute alcohol of the 
 specific gravity 0.838, containing sixteen 
 per cent, of water. 
 
 Spir'itus Sac'clia-ri.* (“ Spirit of 
 Sugar.”) A name for Rijm, which see. 
 
 Spir'itus Ten'u-I-or.* (“Thinner 
 or Weaker Spirit.”) Proof-spirit. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for di- 
 luted alcohol of the specific gravity 
 0.920, which contains forty-nine per cent, 
 of pure alcohol. 
 
 Spir'itus Vi'ni Gal'll-ci. ;: ' (“ Spirit 
 of French Wine.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for brandy, or the spirit 
 obtained from fermented grapes by dis- i 
 520 
 
 filiation, and containing from forty-eight 
 to fifty-six per cent, of absolute alcohol. 
 
 Spi-ro-i'des.* [From spi'ra, a “coil,” 
 or “spire.”] Resembling a spire or 
 screw: spi'roid. 
 
 Spi-rom'e-ter. [Spirom'etrum ; 
 
 from spi’ro, to “breathe,” and yirpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
 taining the quantity of air inhaled or 
 exhaled by the lungs. 
 
 Spa-rom'e-try* [Spiroasie'tria ; 
 from spi'ro, to “ breathe,” and pzrpcco, to 
 “measure.”] The system or means of 
 ascertaining the quantity of air employed 
 in respiration, etc. 
 
 Spissatus. See Inspissated. 
 
 Spis'si-tude. [Spissitu'd©, inis; 
 from spis'sus, “ thick.”] Thickness, or 
 density. 
 
 Spitting of Blood. See Haemop- 
 tysis. 
 
 Spittle. See Saliva, and Sputum. 
 
 Splancli'nic. [Splancli'iiicus ; 
 
 from o-n\ayxi'Ov, a “viscus.”] Pertaining 
 to the viscera. 
 
 Splancli'nic Cav'I-ties. A term 
 applied to the cavities of the cranium, 
 chest, and abdomen. 
 
 Splanchnic Jferve. See Tri- 
 Splanchnic Nerve. 
 
 Splancli'nic Nerves. [Ner'vi 
 Splanch'nici.] These are two in num- 
 ber on each side, distinguished into the 
 great, which passes behind the stomach 
 and terminates in the semilunar gan- 
 glion, and the small, which communi- 
 cates with the former and terminates in 
 the renal ganglion. 
 
 Splancli'iil-ca.* [From (m\ayxvov, a 
 “viscus,” or “bowel.”] Applied by Dr. 
 Good as the name of an order comprising 
 diseases of the viscera directly concerned 
 in the function of digestion. 
 
 Splaiiclt-nog'ra-pliy. [Splancli- 
 liogra'pliia ; from anXayxrou, a “ viscus,” 
 and ypti([j(x), to “write.”] A description 
 of the viscera; that part of Anatomy 
 which treats of the viscera. 
 
 Splaiicli-nol'i-tlius.* [From 07rX(zyx - 
 vov, a “viscus,” and \Wog. a “ stone.”] In- 
 testinal calculus: a splanch'nolith. 
 
 Splancli-nol '« -gy . [Splanclino- 
 lo'gia; from Git\iiy\vov, a “viscus,” and 
 Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
 viscera; the science which treats of the 
 structure and functions of the viscera. 
 
 Splancli - no - sco ' pi - a.* [From 
 ( mXiiyx^ov , a “viscus,” and (TKo-t(o, to “ex- 
 amine.”] An exploration of the viscera: 
 splanchnos'copy. 
 
 Splancli-no-sym'pa-thy. [Splanch- 
 
SPL 
 
 SPL 
 
 nosyompatfai'a; from mrXayXvov, a“vis- 
 cus/’amUf^JfM, “fellow-feeling.”] The 
 sympathy of the viscera among them- 
 selves, or of a viscus with other parts. 
 
 Splanch-not'o-my. [SplaiMihno- 
 to'Biiia; from oirXayxyoj, a “viscus,” and 
 riui'0), to “cut.”] Dissection of the vis- 
 cera. 
 
 Spleen. [Lat. Splen, e'nts, Li en, 
 
 e'si is/ dr. ct\)]v) Fr. Rate, r&t.] A 
 purple, or livid-colored, viscus in the 
 left hypochondriac region. Its function 
 has not yet been ascertained. It would 
 seem to have a close connection with the 
 system of lymphatics, and to be inti- 
 mately concerned in the development of 
 blood. Also, a popular term for hypo- 
 chondri'asi s, a form of melancholy, sup- 
 posed to have its seat in the spleen. 
 
 Spleen wort. See A selenium. 
 
 Sple-nal'g-i-a.* [From crr'Sri v, the 
 “spleen,” and liXyog, “pain.”] Pain in 
 the region of the spleen. 
 
 Sple-naux'e.* [From <nr Xuv, the 
 “spleen,” and aitf, “increase.”] En- 
 largement of the spleen. 
 
 Splen-ec-to'pi-sju* [From trrXvv, the 
 “spleen,” Ik, “out,” and rthog, a “ place.”] 
 Dislocation or displacement of the spleen. 
 
 $plen-el-co'sis.* [From <ravW, the 
 “spleen,” and IXiccjotg, “ulceration.”] 
 Ulceration of the spleen. 
 
 Sple-nel'cns.* [From crrXfiv, the 
 “spleen,” and lXkos, an “ulcer.”] An 
 ulcer of the spleen. 
 
 Splen-em-ph rax 'is.-' [From av\> ?r, 
 the “spleen,” and ryjpa^ig, “obstruc- 
 tion.”] Obstruction or congestion of 
 the spleen. 
 
 Splen'e-tic. [Splenol'icns.] Re- 
 lating to, or affected with, the spleen,* 
 fretful; splenic. See Splenic. 
 
 Sple'iii-al. [Splenia'lis; from 
 tple'nium, a term denoting a “compress,” 
 sometimes applied to a splint.] Applied 
 by Owen to the opercnlaire of Cuvier, a 
 subdivision of the mandible in cold- 
 blooded vertebrated animals. See Tym- 
 PANOMANnTBULAP. ArUH. 
 
 Splen ic. [Spleii'ini*; from <nrX?>, 
 the “spleen.”] Pertaining to the spleen. 
 
 Splen i-ca.* [From the same.] Medi- 
 cines which affect the spleen. 
 
 Splen-i-f i-<»a'tion. [Nplenifica'- 
 tio, o 'uis; from orXrji, the “spleen,” 
 and fa' do , to “make.”] The conver- 
 sion of the lung or liver, etc., into a sub- 
 stance like that of the spleen. 
 
 Splenl-ous. [Sple nitis; from the 
 same.] Pertaining to, or resembling, 
 the spleen. 
 
 [ Sple-ni'tis, i dis.% [From anXfiv, the 
 
 “spleen.”] Inflammation of the spleen. 
 A genus of the order Phleymasise, clas3 
 Pyre. iiee, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Nple'nl-um.* [Said to have been 
 originally applied to a plaster of a cer- 
 tain description used by those sick of the 
 spleen.] A compress ; a splint. Also, 
 A splenium, or Spleen wort. 
 
 Splc'nl-ns.* [See preceding article.] 
 A muscle of the back, resembling the 
 spleen: it is single at its origin, and 
 divides into the spleniun capitis and the 
 Hjdenius colli, which have distinct inser- 
 tions. According to some, the splenii 
 muscles are so named from their lying 
 like surgical splints (see Selenium) along 
 the side of the neck. 
 
 Splen-i-za'tion. [Kpleuiza'tio, 
 o'i ti* ; from the same.] Applied to the 
 state of the lungs in one of the stages of 
 pneumonia in which their texture re- 
 sembles that of the spleen. Compare 
 Hepatization. 
 
 Sple-no'cle&.* [From o-rcXriv, the 
 “spleen.”] Having the spleen; of the 
 nature of the spleen. 
 
 Splen-o-clyn i-a.* [From (nrXrjr, the 
 “spleen,” and diiirr], “pain.”] Pain in 
 the spleen. 
 
 Sple>nog;'ra>phy. [Splpnogra'» 
 pliia; from or Xijv, the “spleen,” and 
 yidocj, to “ write.”] A description of the 
 spleen. 
 
 Splen-o-line'iiii-a.* [From enXrjv, 
 the “ spleen,” and aiya, “ blood.”] San- 
 guineous congestion, or hypersemia, of 
 the spleen. 
 
 Splc'noid. [Splenoi cles; from 
 <rrXrii', the “spleen,” and eidog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling the spleen. 
 
 Sple-nolo-gy. [Splenolo'gia; 
 from otXyiv, the “spleen,” and Xoyog, a 
 “discourse.”] The doctrine of the spleen ; 
 that branch of Anatomy (or Physiology) 
 which treats of the spleen. 
 
 Sple-no'ma, a/?s,* or Sple-non'- 
 cns.* [From c-nXriv, the “spleen,” and 
 oyxog, a “tumor.”] Tumor of the spleen. 
 
 Splenomalacia,* splen-o-ma-la'- 
 she-a. [From cmXiir, the “spleen,” and 
 naXaKla , “softness.”] Softening of the 
 spleen. 
 
 SpSe-not'e-my. [Splenoto'mia; 
 
 from GTrXfjv, the “spleen,” and reyvoi, to 
 “cut.”] Dissection of the spleen. 
 
 fSple-ny-per-tro'phi-a.* [From 
 the “spleen,” and hypertro'phia.\ 
 Hypertrophy, or morbid enlargement, 
 of the spleen: similar to splenoncus. 
 
 Splint. [Lat. Mastel'la; Fr. Eclisse ) 
 
 521 
 
SPL 
 
 &'kl£ss'.] A thin piece of wood, tin, or 
 pasteboard, used to retain fractured 
 bones in apposition during the process 
 of reunion. 
 
 Splint'-Bone. A name sometimes 
 applied to the fibula, from its resem- 
 blance to a surgical splint. 
 
 Split Cloth. [Scis'sum Idn'- 
 teuin.] A bandage for the head, con- 
 sisting of a central part and six or eight 
 tails or heads. 
 
 Spoil ii-mene. [From <nro^6a), to “ re- 
 duce to ashes.”] A crystalline mineral 
 found in laminated masses, consisting 
 chiefly of alumina and silica and lithia. 
 Before the blowpipe it exfoliates into little 
 scales of an ash-color: hence its name. 
 
 Spon-dy-largi-a.* [From (mnv6 >Ao;, 
 a “vertebra,” and aAyo;, “pain.”] Pain 
 in a vertebra. 
 
 Spon-dy-Iar-tbrl'tis, idis* [From 
 GTrovdvXos, a “vertebra,” and arthri'tis.] 
 Inflammation of an articulation of the 
 vertebrae. 
 
 Spon-dy-lar-tSiroc'a-^e.* [From 
 
 oTdi/dv\o;, a “vertebra,” and arthroc'ace, 
 a form of caries.] Caries of a vertebra. 
 
 Spoil -dy-lex-ar-thro sis.* [From 
 <nr6i/d»\og, a “ vertebra,” and exarthro'sis, 
 “luxation.”] Dislocation of a vertebra. 
 
 Spou-dy-li'tis, i dis* [From (nnwhj- 
 Aoj, a “vertebra.”] Inflammation of one 
 or more of the vertebrae. 
 
 Spon-dy-lo-dyn'i-a.* [From <nr ov- 
 <b>Ao?, a “vertebra,” and dfe/, “pain.”] 
 Pain in the body of a vertebra. 
 
 Spon-dy-lo-py-o'sis.* [From oir6v- 
 <5'jXo;, a “vertebra,” and pyo'sis.] A for- 
 mation of pus in a vertebra. 
 
 Spoil 'dy-lus.* A vertebra; also, 
 the vertex or top of the head. 
 
 Sponge, spunj. [See Spongia.] An 
 organic, porous, marine substance, for- 
 merly supposed to be produced by 
 minute animals termed Polypi. Some 
 naturalists, however, consider sponge as 
 a plant. According to the proposed 
 classification of Messrs. Wilson and 
 Cassin, the sponge is referred to a new 
 kingdom, termed Prtmalia, which see. 
 
 Spoiigo'-Tent. The Spongia Pr,e- 
 parata, which see. 
 
 Spoil 'gi-a,* plural Spoil 'gl-se. [Gr. 
 <T7 v>yyo;, or arroy-yta; Fr. Epour/e , 4'p6xzh'.] 
 Sponge. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph., 1850) for Spongia officinnli*. Applied 
 in the plural to an order or division of 
 organized bodies. See Sponge. 
 
 Spon'gia Of-fi^-i-na'lis.* The 
 common sponge. 
 
 Spon'gia Fraep-a-ra'ta* (“Pre- 
 522 
 
 SPO 
 
 pared Sponge”), or Spon'gia Ce-ra'ta* 
 (“Waxed Sponge”). Sponge dipped 
 into melted wax and pressed between 
 iron plates, then, when cold, cut in 
 pieces of any shape for dilating small 
 openings, the wax melting by the heat 
 of the part, and thus allowing the sponge 
 to expand; sponge-tent. 
 
 Spon'gi-se,* the plural of Spongia. 
 
 Spongiform, spun'j e-form. [Spon- 
 gifor'mis; from spon'gia, a “sponge.”] 
 Having the appearance of sponge. 
 
 Spon-gi-o'des.* The same as Spon- 
 giose. 
 
 Spon'gl-ole. [Spoil gi'ol urn; dimi- 
 nutive of sj)on'gia, a “ sponge.”] Applied 
 to a supposed expansion of the cellular 
 tissue at the extremity of each radicle, 
 terminating the root. But according 
 to Gray, “the so-called spongioles or 
 spongelets have no existence.” 
 
 Spon'gi-ose. [Spongio'sus; from 
 spon'gia, a “ sponge.”] Having pores 
 like sponge; spongy. 
 
 . Spongoid, spdng'goid. [Spongoi'- 
 des; from onoyyos, a “sponge,” and eidog, 
 a “form.”] Resembling sponge. 
 
 Spongy, spun'je. Resembling a 
 sponge; of the nature of sponge. 
 
 Spon-ta'ne-ous. [Sponta'neus ; 
 from spon'te, “of one’s own will.”] Act- 
 ing or growing of itself; voluntary. 
 Applied to any physiological phenome- 
 non which takes place without external 
 agency. 
 
 Spontaneous Corn-bus' tion 
 
 [Combus'tio Sponta'nea], or Pre- 
 ter-nat'u-ral Combustion. A phe- 
 nomenon which is said to have some- 
 times occurred in hard drinkers, espe- 
 cially those that were fat. In such Dr. 
 Traill is stated to have found a consider- 
 able quantity of oil in the serum of the 
 blood. Some are of opinion that the 
 combustion may be absolutely sponta- 
 neous, while others maintain that it is 
 necessary that the body should be 
 brought into contact with an ignited 
 substance. 
 
 Spo-rad'ic. [Sporad'icus; from 
 
 oTtipa), to “sow.”] Applied to diseases 
 that are not epidemic, but attack ono 
 or at most but a few persons at a time, 
 from causes peculiar to each case. In 
 Botany, widely dispersed. 
 
 Spor-an-gid'I-uin.* [Diminutive 
 of sporangi' um, a “spore-case.”] A lit- 
 tle seed-vessel; also, the c olumnella of 
 mosses. 
 
 Spor-an-gi'o-lum.* [Dimin &tiv*i 
 
 of sporangi' urn.] A small capsule -urn- 
 
SPO 
 
 ST 
 
 taming a certain number of spores in a 
 sporangium. 
 
 Spor-aii-gi um. i: [From a-ropd, a 
 
 “seed/’ and dyyclov , a “ vessel. ”] A 
 spore-case, or membranous capsule con- 
 taining the spores of cryptogamous 
 plants. 
 
 Spore. [Lat. Spo'ra; Gr. <rmpd, a 
 “seed.”] A body in cryptogamous 
 plants, which is analogous to the seed 
 of the pheenogamous. A spore, in most 
 cases, consists of a single cell. 
 
 Spor-a-cBiff'er-us.* [From sporid'- 
 ium, and fe'ro , to “bear.”] Bearing 
 s poridia. 
 
 Spo-rid'i-nm.^ [From spo'ra, a 
 “ spore.”] A body resembling a spore, 
 occurring in algaceous plants. 
 
 Spdr'o-carp. [From axopd , a “ seed,” 
 or “spore,” and tcap :r<5j, “fruit.”] A kind 
 of sporangium, or sporc-casc. 
 
 Spor'o-gens. [From crrropd, a “ spore,” 
 and yewdw, to “produce/*] A division of 
 endogenous plants which produce spores 
 instead of seeds. 
 
 Spo-n*opEa'o-rous. [SporopEVor ms ; 
 
 from cnopa, a “seed,” and <pepco, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing or containing seed or spores. 
 
 Spo-ropla'o-rwm.* [From the same.] 
 A name for the placenta of a plant. 
 
 §35©'rit5e. [Spor'iiSa; diminutive 
 of spo'ra, a “spore.”] A small spore. 
 
 Spoi’-u-Mf'er-ous. [Sporuiif'er- 
 ns; from spor'ula, a “sporule,” and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing sporules. 
 
 Sprain. [Lat. Snblnxa'tio, o 'nis; 
 Fr. Foulure, fooTUn'.] (Originally, 
 Strain, from the Latin strin'go [Fr. 
 iireindre ], to “bind,” to “draw tight.”) 
 The sudden shifting of a joint farther 
 than the natural conformation of bones 
 and ligaments allows, yet not so as to 
 produce dislocation. 
 
 Spreading*. See Diffusus, and 
 Patulous. 
 
 Spruce Fir. The Finns abies . 
 
 Spt. = Spir'itus .* “ Spirit.” 
 
 Spu-mes'$ent. [From sqmmes'co, to 
 “begin to foam” (from spn'ma, “froth,” 
 or “foam”).] Frothy, foaming, or froth- 
 like. 
 
 Spu'mose. The same as Spumes- 
 
 CENT. 
 
 Spur. A term applied in Botany to 
 any tubular projection of a flower, etc. 
 
 Spurge ©1'ive. A common name 
 for the Daphne Mezereum, which see. 
 
 Spurred. [Calcara'tus.] Bearing 
 3 . spur. Applied to petals. 
 
 Spu'ta,* gen. Spu-to'ruun, the plu- 
 ral of Sputum, which see. 
 
 Spu'tum.* [From spn'o, spu'tum, to 
 “spit.”] (Fr. Cruchat, kita'shd/.) Saliva; 
 also, the matter which is expectorated or 
 coughed up from the chest. 
 
 Squa'lor, o'r«s.* Uncleanness, filthi- 
 ness, or an appearance of dejection and 
 disorder, as from sickness or confine- 
 ment. 
 
 Sqna'ma, s plural Sqtia'mse. Lite- 
 rally, a “scale.” Applied in the plural 
 to an order of skin-diseases. 
 
 Squa'mate. [Squama'tiis: from 
 squa'ma, a “scale.”] Having scales; 
 scaly; or resembling scales. 
 
 Squa-aaaif 'er-ous. [Squamif 'cr- 
 us; from squa'ma, a “scale,” and fe'ro , 
 to “bear.”]* Bearing, or covered with, 
 scales. 
 
 Squa-anl-fo'ln-us.* [From squa'ma , 
 a “scale,” and f o' Hum , a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing leaves in form of imbricated scales: 
 squamifo'lious. 
 
 Squa/ml-form. [Squamifor'inis; 
 
 frem squa'ma , a “scale.”] Having the 
 .form or appearance of scales. See Lep- 
 idoid. 
 
 8qwa*mig'er-ns.' :: - [From squa'ma , 
 a “scale,” and gc'ro, to “bear.”] The 
 same as Squamiferous, which see. 
 
 Squa-nao'saB. [Squamo'sus ; from 
 squamo'sapsirs, the “ squamous portion.”] 
 Applied by Owen to the homologues of 
 the squamous portion of the temporal 
 bone. 
 
 Squa-mese', or Squa'inous. 
 
 [Squamo'sKS ; from squa'ma , a “scale.”] 
 Relating to, or resembling, a scale; hav- 
 ing scales; scaly. 
 
 Squa'mous Su'ture. [Sutu'ra 
 Squamo sa.] The suture which unites 
 the squamous portion of the temporal 
 bone to the parietal. 
 
 Squam'u-la.* [Diminutive of 
 squa'ma, a “scale.”] A small scale; a 
 squamule. 
 
 Squam'u-lose. [Squamulo'sus ; 
 
 from squam'ula, a “small scale.”] Cov- 
 ered with small scales: squa'mulous. 
 
 Squar-rose'. [From sqnar'ra , a 
 “ small scale” ?] A term applied to scales 
 or leaves which spread widely from the 
 axis on which they are crowded. 
 
 Squar'ru-lose. Diminutive of 
 Squarrose. 
 
 Squall. [Squil'la.] The Scilla 
 maritima, or sea-onion. See Scilla. 
 
 Squinting*. See Strabismus. 
 
 Ss. = Se’mis* “A half.” 
 
 St. = Stet* or Stent.* “Let it (or 
 them) stand,” i.e. let it remain un- 
 changed. 
 
 523 
 
STA 
 
 STA 
 
 Stac'te.* [From cra£o), to "distil.”] 
 A name for the myrrh, because it distils 
 or drops from the tree. 
 
 Sta'dI-um.* A Latin word signify- 
 ing a “ race-course,” or a measure of 
 length. In Medicine, a stage or period 
 of a disease; as, stadium calo'ris (“stage 
 of heat,” or hot stage), stadium frig* oris 
 (cold stage). See Stage. 
 
 Staff. A carved and grooved steel 
 instrument introduced through the ure- 
 thra into the bladder, for lithotomy. 
 
 Sta£e. [Lat. Sta'dium; Fr. Etacje , 
 At&zh'.] The period of a disease. Ap- 
 plied especially to the periods of an in- 
 termittent; viz. the hot, cold, or sweat- 
 ing stage. 
 
 Stagf'ma.* [From ard^co, to “ distil.”] 
 Any distilled liquid or liquor. 
 
 Stag-nation. [Stagna'tio, o'nis ; 
 from stay’ no, stayna' turn, to “stand,” as 
 water in a pond.] A stoppage or re- 
 tardation of the circulating fluids in any 
 portion of the body. 
 
 Sta-lac'tic. [Stalac'ticus ; from 
 ara\d(,(x), to “flow by drops.”] Flowing 
 or oozing by drops; also, relating to a 
 stalactite. 
 
 Sta-lac’tlte. [Stalacti'tes ; from 
 the same.] A conical concretion of car- 
 bonate of lime attached to the roof of 
 calcareous caverns, and formed by the 
 gradual dropping of water holding the 
 lime in solution. 
 
 Stal-ac-tit'ic, or Stal-ac-tit i-cal. 
 [Stalactit'icus.] Relating to stalac- 
 tites, or of the nature of stalactites. 
 
 Sta-lag'mite. [Stalagmites: from 
 stalay'mus , a “distillation.”] A stalac- 
 titic formation of carbonate of lime 
 found on the floors of calcareous caverns. 
 
 Sta-lag'mus.* [From oraXafa, to 
 “drop,” to “distil.”] A distillation. 
 Formerly applied to a dropping of blood, 
 as from the nose, etc. 
 
 Stalk. [Cau'lis.] The stem of a 
 herbaceous plant, or of a flower, a leaf 
 or leaflet. 
 
 Stalked. Furnished with a stalk or 
 stem. 
 
 Stalk'let. A diminutive or second- 
 ary stalk. 
 
 Sta'men, inis,* plural Stam'i-na. 
 
 [Gr. arifyicov.] Literally, “warp,” or the 
 stronger threads in weaving. Also, any 
 thread: hence applied to the male organ 
 of a flower, from its resemblance to a 
 thread. It consists of the filament and 
 anther. It is one of the essential organs 
 of a flower. 
 
 Stam'I-na.* [Plural of sta'men .] 
 524 
 
 Literally, the “warp,” or “strength,” of 
 the vital tissue : hence, vigor of con- 
 stitution. Also, the first principles of 
 any substance. 
 
 Stam'I-nal. [Staminalis.] Per- 
 taining to the stamen. 
 
 Stam'i-nate. [From sta'men.'] Fur- 
 nished with, or relating to, stamens; 
 also, containing stamens without any 
 pistil. Applied to flowers. 
 
 Sta-min'e-al. [Stamin'eus; from 
 sta'men.] Having stamens : stamineous. 
 
 St a in -l-ii if ' er-ous. [Stain i n if ' er- 
 us; from sta'men, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing or having stamens. 
 
 Stam-i-no'di-a,* the plural of Stam- 
 inodium, which see. 
 
 Stam-i-no'di-uin,* plural Stami- 
 nodia; from sta'men, and cldos, a 
 “form.”] An altered and sterile stamen. 
 
 Stam'mer-ing. [Balbuties, 
 
 Bkesitas, a 'tis, or Psellis'mus.] 
 Interrupted articulation, caused either 
 by emotion or reflex action. 
 
 Standard. A banner, or ensign; 
 applied to the vexillum, or upper petal, 
 of a papilionaceous flower. Also, a crite- 
 rion, test, or measure, to which some- 
 thing is referred : thus, the standard of 
 comparison for gases is atmospheric air; 
 that for solids and liquids is water. 
 
 Staii 'nate. [Stan 11 as, a'//s.] A 
 combination of stannic acid with a base. 
 
 Stan'ni Pul'iris.* (“Powder of 
 Tin.”) Granulated tin : used as a remedy 
 for the tapeworm. 
 
 Stan'nic. [Staii'nicus; from stan'- 
 num , “tin.”] Belonging to tin. Ap- 
 plied to the peroxide of tin, as if it were 
 an acid, because soluble in alkalies. 
 
 Stan-nif 'er-ous. [Stan n if 'eras ; 
 from atan'nnm , “tin,” and fe'ro , to 
 “bear.”] Bearing or containing stan- 
 num, or tin. 
 
 Stan'num.* Tin. The Pharmaco- 
 poeia! name for powder or filings of tin. 
 See Tin. 
 
 Stan num Fo-li-a'tum.* (“ Foliated 
 Tin.”) Tin-foil. An alloy composed 
 chiefly of tin, with a small portion of 
 lead. 
 
 Sta-pe 'di-us.* Belonging to the 
 stapes. Applied to a muscle arising from 
 the interior of the pyramid and inserted 
 into the neck of the stapes. 
 
 Sta'pes,er//#.* Literally, a “stirrup.” 
 One of the ossicida of the internal ear. 
 
 Stapli-I-sa'gri-a.* [From oralis, a 
 “vine,” and uypiog, “wild.”] The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) for 
 the seeds of Delphin'ium staphisa' gria , 
 
STA 
 
 STE 
 
 Staph 'y-le.* [Gr. aracpv'Xfi, a “ grape.”] 
 The uvula. 
 
 Staphyleacese,* sta-fi-le-a'she-e. 
 [From Staphy'lea , one of the genera.] 
 A small natural order of exogenous 
 shrubs, found in Europe, Japan, and 
 America. 
 
 Stapli-y-li'nus.* [From staph' yle, 
 a “ grape also, the “ uvula.”] Be- 
 longing to the uvula: applied to mus- 
 cles: staph 'yline. 
 
 Stapli-y-li'tis, id/s* [From staph’- 
 yle, a “ grape;” or the “ uvula.”] In- 
 flammation of the uvula. 
 
 Stapli-y-loe-de'ma, a tis.* [From 
 staph’ yle, a “ grape,” or the “uvula,” 
 and oede'ma,] (Edema , or morbid en- 
 largement, of the uvula. 
 
 Staph-y-lo'ma, at/s.* [From ora^- 
 vXt'i, a “ grape ;” the “ uvula.”] A disease 
 of the eyeball, in which the cornea 
 loses its transparency, rises, and even 
 projects beyond the eyelids, like a 
 pearl-colored tumor. 
 
 Staph-y-lop-to'sts.* [From staph’ - 
 yle , the “uvula,” and pto'sis , a “fall- 
 ing.”] A falling down or elongation of 
 the uvula. 
 
 Staph- jMor'rha-phy. [Staphy- 
 
 lorrha'phia; from crcupvXfi, the “ uvula,” 
 and peufrfi, a “suture.”] The operation 
 of securing by suture the lips of a cleft 
 uvula. 
 
 Staph-y-lo'sis.* The growth or 
 progress of staphyloma. 
 
 Staph-y-lot'o-my. [Staphylot©'- 
 vnia; from staph’ yle, the “uvula,” and 
 Tcjiv o), to “cut.”] The cutting off of a 
 portion of the Uvula, which see. 
 
 Star. See Stella. 
 
 Star-like. See Asteroid, and Stel- 
 late. 
 
 Starch. [Lat. Am'yliim, and Fec'- 
 
 nla; Gr. a/rAov; Fr. A midon, &'me'd6N G '.] 
 One of the commonest proximate princi- 
 ples of vegetables. It is characterized 
 by its insipidity, and by insolubility in 
 cold water, in alcohol, and in ether. 
 Pure starch is a white powder without 
 taste or smell. Starch is one of the most 
 important and most universal of the 
 contents of cells, and is most abundant 
 in the internal or subterranean parts, 
 concealed from the light, as roots, tubers, 
 and seeds. It is the form in which 
 nourishing matter is stored up in the 
 plant for future use, in this respect re- 
 sembling the fat of animals. 
 
 Sta'sis.* [From 'larrjpi, to “stand.”] 
 A standing or settling in a place or part, 
 as the blood at death. 
 
 45 
 
 Stat'ic, or Stat'I-cal. [Stat'icns*, 
 
 from ararog, “ standing,” or "lorripi, to 
 “stand.”] Having the power of keeping 
 in a stationary condition. Applied by 
 some writers to the phenomena 
 
 exhibited in organized bodies, as contra- 
 distinguished from the organic or vital. 
 
 Stat'i-ce.* Marsh Rosemary. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 root of the Stat’ice Limo’vium , variety 
 Carolinia’na . It is astringent and anti- 
 septic. 
 
 Stat'ics. [Stat'ica; from <mrr<5f, 
 “standing,” or to “stand.”] That 
 
 part of Mechanics which relates to 
 bodies considered as in a state of rest, 
 or to the conditions under which several 
 forces applied to a rigid body mutually 
 destroy each other. 
 
 Sta'tion. [Sta'tio, o’nis; from sto f 
 sta’tum , to “stand,” to “abide.”] Pri- 
 marily, the act (or position) of standing. 
 In Botany, the locality or kind of situa- 
 tion in which a plant naturally grows. 
 
 Sta-tis'tics. [From sta’tus, a “state,” 
 “condition.”] The science which exhi- 
 bits the state or condition of a country 
 or nation, principally in relation to its 
 extent, population, productions, indus- 
 try, etc. 
 
 Stature. [Statu'ra; from sfo, 
 sta’tum , to “stand.”] The height of the 
 human figure in a standing posture. 
 
 Stau-ro-phyrius.* [From cravpos, 
 a “ cross,” and (fvWov , a “ leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing leaves opposed crosswise. 
 
 Staves-a'cre. The Delphinium 
 Staphisagria, which see. 
 
 Steam. [Va'por.] The elastic fluid 
 into which water is converted by the 
 continued application of heat. A cubic 
 inch of water forms about seventeen 
 hundred cubic inches of steam. See 
 Vapor. 
 
 Ste'ar,* gen. Ste'a-tis. [Gr. oTzap.'] 
 Originally, “ solid fat.” The same as 
 Sevum, which see. 
 
 Ste'a-rate. [Ste'aras, a' ft*.] A 
 combination of stearic acid with a base. 
 
 Ste-ar'ic. [Stear'ictis ; from orzap , 
 “solid fat,” or “tallow.”] Pertaining 
 to fat. Applied to an acid obtained 
 from it. 
 
 Ste-ar'I-form. [Stearifor'mis ; 
 
 from the same.] Having the appear- 
 ance of fat : fatty. 
 
 Ste'a-rme, or Ste'a-rin. [Steari'- 
 
 na; from the same.] That part of oils 
 and fats which is solid at common tem- 
 peratures. 
 
 Ste-a-ro-co-no'tum.* [From arcap, 
 525 
 
STE 
 
 STE 
 
 “ solid fat,” and kovi$, “ dust,” or “pow- 
 der.”] A peculiar, yellow, pulverulent 
 fat, found in the brain-mass, and said 
 to contain phosphorus and sulphur. 
 
 Ste-a-rop'ten. [Stearoptenum ; 
 from oreap , “solid fat,” and Trrjudg, “vola- 
 tile.”] The concrete or solid portion of 
 volatile oils. 
 
 Ste-a-ro-ri^'I-nate. [Stearori^'i- 
 nas, a 'tisJ] A combination of stearo- 
 ricinic acid with a base. 
 
 Ste-a-ro-rl-cm ' ic. [Stearorici n 
 icus.] Applied to one of three acids 
 produced during saponification of the 
 O'leum ritfini, or castor oil. 
 
 Ste'a-tas.* The same as Stearas. 
 See Stearate. 
 
 Ste-atl-cus. 5 The same as Steari- 
 cus. See Stearic. 
 
 Ste'a^tine, or Ste'a-tin. A name 
 for Stearin, which see. 
 
 Ste'a-tine. [Steati'nus ; from oreap, 
 orearo;, “ solid fat.”] Consisting of fat. 
 
 Ste'a-tite. [Steati tes ; from the 
 same.] A variety of talc ; soapstone ; 
 a kind of unctuous stone. It is a hy- 
 drated silicate of magnesia and alu- 
 mina. 
 
 S&e'a-to-^ele.* [From oreap, <rrearo;, 
 “ solid fat,” and *17X7, a “ tumor.”] A 
 fatty tumor in the scrotum. 
 
 Steatoconotum. See Stearocono- 
 tum. 
 
 Ste-a-to'tles.* [From 7 reap, crearog, 
 “solid fat.”] Fatty, or full of fat. 
 
 Ste-a-to'ma, at is.* [From the same.] 
 An encysted tumor containing a fatty 
 substance : a ste'atome. 
 
 Ste-a-tom'a-tous. [Steatomato'- 
 from steato'ma.] Of the nature of, 
 or belonging to, steatoma. 
 
 Ste-a-tor-r!ioe'a.* [From oreap, 
 cream;, “solid fat,” and ptoj, to “flow.”] 
 A fatty dejection from the bowels. 
 
 Ste-a-to'sis.* The progress or for- 
 mation of steatoma. 
 
 Steel. [Clha'lybs, yb*$.] The best, 
 finest, and closest-grained forged iron, 
 combined with carbon by a particular 
 process. It is less malleable than iron, 
 but harder, more elastic, and less liable 
 to rust. See Aoies. 
 
 Steel Mix'ture. The same as the 
 Mistura Ferri Composita, which see. 
 
 Stes-na'sis.* [From oreyi'fa, to 
 “constrict,” or “make costive.”] Stric- 
 ture or contraction of the pores and 
 vessels: also, constipation. 
 
 Stel'la.* A Latin word signifying a 
 “ star.” Applied to the rosettes of 
 mosses. 
 
 526 
 
 Stellar. [Stella' ris; from stel'la, 
 a “ star.”] Relating to a star ; starry. 
 
 Stel-la'tse.-* [Feminine plural of 
 stella' tus, “starred,” or “stellate.”] A 
 natural order of plants, also known by the 
 name of Galiacea:, which see. 
 
 Stellate, or Stellat-ed. [Stella'- 
 tins; from stel'la, a “star.”] Radiated 
 as a star; star-shaped; arranged in rays 
 like the points of a star. Applied to 
 flowers, leaves, etc. Applied also to a 
 bandage or roller wound crosswise on 
 the back. 
 
 Stel-lif'er-ous. [Stellif'ems; from 
 stel'la, a “ star,” and fe'ro, to “bear/’] 
 Having or bearing stars, or parts resem- 
 bling a star. Applied to plants. 
 
 Stel'li-fornx. [Stellifor'rnis ; from 
 stel'la , a “star.”] Having the form of 
 a star. 
 
 Stel-lig-'er-ns.* [From stel'la, a 
 “star,” and ge'ro , to “bear.”] The 
 same as Stelliferous, which see. 
 
 Stel-li-ner ' vi-us.* [From stel'la, a 
 “ star,” and ner’vus, a “ nerve.”] Having 
 stellated or radiated nervures. Applied 
 by Mirbel to leaves the nervures of which 
 depart from the middle or centre of the 
 lamina. 
 
 [Diminutive of stel'la , 
 a “star.”] A little star, or foliaceous 
 disk, which in certain mosses terminates 
 the stems and contains the male flowers : 
 a stel'lule. 
 
 Stellu-lae Ver-hey 'nl-i.* (“ Stars or 
 Stellated Spots of Verheyne.”) A term 
 applied to the stellated plexuses of veins 
 on the surface of the kidney. 
 
 Stellai-late. [Stellnla'tns; from 
 stel'lula, a “little star.”] The diminutive 
 of Stellate. Having leaves arranged 
 in stars. 
 
 Stem. [Can'lis, or Sti'pes.] The 
 
 stalk of an herb, flower, leaf, or fruit; 
 the stock or trunk of a tree; the ascend- 
 ing axis of a plant, — i.e. the part which 
 grows in the opposite direction from the 
 root. The stem is one of the funda- 
 mental or universal organs of vegetation. 
 Its leading peculiarity is, that it is formed 
 of a succession of similar parts (inter- 
 nodes) developed one upon the summit 
 of another, each having its own inde- 
 pendent growth. Each developing in- 
 ternode lengthens throughout its whole 
 body, unlike the root, which elongates 
 continuously from its extremity alone. 
 
 Stem'less. [Acau'lis.] Having no 
 stem, or none that is obvious. 
 
 Stem'let. A little stem. Also, tho 
 first internode of tho plumule. 
 
STE 
 
 STE 
 
 Stenocardia. See Angina Pectoris. 
 
 Sten'o-don, on'tfo.* [From arevog, 
 " narrow,” or " close,” and odovg, a 
 " tooth.”] Having narrow teeth. 
 
 Ste-nog/ra-pBiiy. [From are-yog, 
 " narrow/’ "close,” and ypd^w, to "write.”] 
 The art of short-hand, otherwise termed 
 tacky graphy. 
 
 Ste-nol'o-bus.* [From arevdg, "nar- 
 row,” and \66og, a " lobe.”] Having nar- 
 row lobes. 
 
 Sten-o-pet'a»lus.* [From arevog, 
 "narrow,” and n eraKov, a "petal.”] Hav- 
 ing narrow or linear petals. 
 
 Sten-©-pJayri«is#‘** [From arevog, 
 
 "narrow,” and (pvXbov, a "leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing narrow or linear leaves. 
 
 S te-iiop ' ter- hs.* [From arevog, " nar- 
 row,” and irrepdv, a "wing.”] Having 
 narrow wings: stenopterous. Applied 
 to plants. 
 
 Ste'no*s (or Ste'non’s) Duct. The 
 
 parotid duct; a small white tube passing 
 from the parotid gland and opening in 
 the mouth, discovered by Steno. 
 
 Ste-no'sis.* [From are-vow, to "make 
 narrow,” or to " contract.”] A contracted 
 condition of a viscus, or vessel; as of the 
 heart, or the larger vessels near it. 
 
 Sten-o-sto'mi-a.- [From arevog, "nar- 
 row,” and arena, a " mouth.”] Contrac- 
 tion of the mouth in consequence of some 
 wound or disease. 
 
 Sten-o-tfoo'rax, n'cis* [From arevog , 
 "narrow,” and 0 'pa?, the "chest.”] Hav- 
 ing a narrow chest. 
 
 Steppes, steps. (Russian.) The name 
 given to the vast system of plains found 
 in Asia, especially in Siberia, somewhat 
 resembling the prairies of North America. 
 
 $ter-c©-ra'ce©ai«. [Stercora'ceus ; 
 from ster'eus, ster'eoris, " ordure.”] 
 Applied to vomiting when feces or alvine 
 excrements are mingled with the egesta. 
 
 Ster-c©-ra'15s,# or Ster-co-ra'ri- 
 [From the same.] Applied to 
 plants that grow upon excrements or 
 dung. 
 
 Ster-cu-li-a'ce-se.* [From Stercu'lia, 
 one of the genera.] A synonym of a 
 natural order of plants, also called Bom- 
 bace^e, which see. 
 
 Ster-el-min'tlna.^ [From arepeog, 
 "solid,” and eXpuvg, a "worm.”] The 
 name applied to two species of intestinal 
 worms which have no true abdominal 
 cavity, and are therefore termed solid. 
 These are the Tse'nia so'lium and the 
 Bothrioceph' alus la'tus . 
 
 Ste-re-o-dy-namics. [Stereody- 
 namica; from arepeog, "solid,” and 
 
 Svvapig, "power.”] A branch of Physics 
 which explains the laws of the move- 
 ment of solid bodies. 
 
 Ster-e-om'e-ter. [See next article.] 
 An instrument used for determining tho 
 specific gravity of solid bodies, porous 
 bodies, and powders; and sometimes also 
 of liquids. 
 
 Ster-e-om'e-try. [Stereome'tria ; 
 
 from arepeog, " solid,” and perpew, to " mea- 
 sure.”] The art of measuring solid 
 bodies. 
 
 Ste-re-o-plsyl'lins.* [From arepeog, 
 "solid,” and tyvWov, a "leaf.”] Having 
 solid or firm leaves : stereophyl'lous. 
 
 81er'e-©-se©pe. [Stereosco'pimn ; 
 from arepeog, "solid,” and oxorrao, to "see,” 
 to "observe.”] An instrument by which 
 two similar pictures (one being presented 
 to each eye) are so disposed that tho 
 combined representations appear as one, 
 and the different objects arc seen in re- 
 lief, as if they were solid. 
 
 S!er-e-o-stat'ics. [Stereostat'ica ; 
 from arepeog, "solid,” and 7arr/p>, to 
 " stand.”] That part of Physics which 
 treats of tho equilibrium of solid bodies. 
 
 Ste-rig/mma.** [From arvpifa, to 
 "make firm or fast.”] Literally, a 
 "base,” or "foundation.” Applied in 
 Botany to the adherent base or down- 
 ward prolongation of a decurrent leaf. 
 
 Ster'ile. [Stter'ilis.] Affected with 
 sterility; barren. 
 
 Sler'ifle Flow'er. A flower which 
 has no pistil. 
 
 Ster'ile Sta'men or Fil'a-mnont. 
 
 That which is destitute of an anther. 
 
 Ste-ril'i-ty. [Storal'itas, a,' tin; from 
 ster'ilis, ""barren.”] Inability, whether 
 natural or the result of disease, to pro- 
 create offspring. 
 
 Ster'nal. [Sterna'Iis.] Belonging 
 to the sternum. Applied by Dr. Barclay 
 as meaning towards the sternum. 
 
 Ster-naB'g'i-a.* [From ster'num , the 
 "breastbone,” and a\yog, "pain.”] Pain 
 in the sternum. 
 
 8ter'no - Oei-do - Mas-to-i'de-ws.* 
 
 A muscle arising by two origins from 
 the summit of the sternum and the 
 sternal portion of the clavicle, and in- 
 serted into the mastoid process of the 
 temporal bone. It turns the head to one 
 side and bends it forward. 
 
 Ster'no-My-o-i 'de-us.* A muscle 
 arising from the sternum and inserted 
 into the os hy aides. It depresses the 
 larynx, and furnishes a fixed point for 
 the depressors of the jaw. 
 
 Ster'iioid. [feternoi'des ; from 
 
 527 
 
STE 
 
 STI 
 
 ster'num, andeufo?, a “form.”] Resembling 
 the sternum. 
 
 $ter'm©-Thy-r©-i'«le-us.* A muscle 
 arising from the sternum and inserted 
 into the thyroid cartilage. It draws the 
 larynx downwards. 
 
 Ster'nuan.* [Gr. areppovi] The ob- 
 long, flat bone at the fore part of the 
 thorax: the breast-bone ; also termed Os 
 j)ec'toris. Also, the median line of the 
 pectus, or inferior surface of the trunk 
 of insects. 
 
 Ster-nn-meai'tum,^ or Ster-nu-ta- 
 inen'tum.- [From ster'nuo , sternu'- 
 tum, to “ sneeze.”] Sneezing. Also ap- 
 plied to a substance which causes sneez- 
 ing ; a snuff or a sternutatory medicine. 
 
 ISter-iiii-ta'ti©n. [Sternuta'tio, 
 © r nis; from sternu'to, stemuta' turn, to 
 “sneeze often.”] The act of sneezing; 
 more particularly, frequent sneezing, 
 which sometimes amounts to such excess 
 as requires medical treatment. 
 
 S ter-n u ' ta- to-ry . [Stern 11 tato 'ri- 
 us; from the same.] Causing to sneeze. 
 
 Ster'tor, ©'rw.* [From ster'to , to 
 “snore.”] (Fr. Ronjlement, r6N G Tl-moN G \) 
 The loud grating sound produced in the 
 larynx from the breathing being ob- 
 structed by accumulation of mucus in 
 the air-passages, or otherwise. Also 
 applied to the snoring in natural sleep 
 caused by relaxation of the velum palati. 
 
 Ster'to-rons. [Stertoro'sns.] Be- 
 longing to, or of the nature of, stertor. 
 
 Ste-tbse'mi-a.* [From ar/jOog, the 
 “chest,” or “breast,” and alpa, “blood.”] 
 Accumulation of blood in the vessels of 
 the lungs. 
 
 Ste-thoeli'y-sis.* [From arfjOo g, the 
 “chest,” and a “pouring,” or “effu- 
 sion.”] The same as Hydrothorax, 
 which see. 
 
 Ste-thom'e-ter. [Stethom'etram ; 
 
 from arrjdog, the “ chest,” and perpov, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for measur- 
 ing the external movement in the walls 
 of the chest, as a means of diagnosis in 
 thoracic disease. 
 
 Stetli-o-pa-ral'y-sis.* [From arrjOog, 
 the “chest,” and paral'ysis.] Paralysis 
 of the muscles of the chest. 
 
 Steth'o-scope. [StetBuosco'paiim ; 
 
 from aTtjOog, the “breast,” and okokew, to 
 “observe,” to “examine.”] A tubular 
 instrument of various size, form, and 
 material, for ascertaining the state of the 
 respiration, or of the heart’s action, as 
 affected by disease. 
 
 Stli£n'ic. [Stlicn'icus; from oQevog, 
 “strength.”] Strong; active; robust. 
 
 528 
 
 Sthen'ic I>is-eaS'es. Those which 
 are the result of inflammation or in- 
 creased action. 
 
 Stbe-nop'y-ra.* [From aOhog, 
 “strength,” and n vp, a “fever.”] Sthenic 
 or synochic fever. 
 
 $tib'i-al. [Stibia'lis; from stib'ium, 
 “antimony.”] Belonging to antimony; 
 antimonial. 
 
 Stib'ic. [Stib'icns; from stib'ium , 
 “ antimony.”] Belonging to antimony. 
 Applied to the yellow oxide of antimony, 
 called Stibic acid. 
 
 Stib'I-ous. [Stibio'ssis; from stib'i- 
 um, “ antimony.”] Pertaining to anti- 
 mony. Applied to the white oxide of 
 antimony, called Stibious acid. 
 
 Stib'I-um.* [Gr. (ttlSi , or arippij] 
 The ancient name for antimony. 
 
 Stic-tac'ne.* [From o-rucrog, “ marked 
 with points,” and ac'ne, a “papular erup- 
 tion.”] The Ac'nepuncta'ta of Bateman; 
 a species or variety of acne in which, 
 according to Dr. Good, the pimples are 
 tipped with a black dot. 
 
 Stiff-joint. See Ankylosis. 
 
 Stig'nia,* plural Stig'ma-ta. [From 
 < rriypa , a “mark,” a “brand.”] That 
 part of the pistil which is placed at the 
 summit of the style and receives the 
 pollen. Also, one of the breathing-pores 
 of insects, or the pores which admit air 
 to their tracheae. Applied in Pathology 
 to a small red speck on the skin, without 
 elevation of the cuticle, as if caused by 
 a pricking instrument. Also, a natural 
 mark or spot. 
 
 Stig'ma-ta,* the plural of Stigma, 
 which see. 
 
 Stig-mat'ic. [Stigmat'icus.] Be- 
 longing to or bearing a stigma. 
 
 Stig-mat'i-form. [Stigmatafor'- 
 mis; from stig'ma .] Having the ap- 
 pearance of a stigma. 
 
 Stig'nia-tose. The same as Stig- 
 matic, which see. 
 
 Stalbacese.* stil-ba'she-e. [From 
 Stil'be, one of the genera.] A small 
 natural order of exogenous shrubs, found 
 at the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 Stalette, ste-lett'. (From the French 
 Sti/et, a “small dagger.”) A small 
 sharp-pointed instrument enclosed in a 
 cannula , or sheath. Also, a wire kept in 
 the flexible catheter, to give it firmness 
 and a proper degree of curvature. 
 
 Stillborn. [Xa'tns Mor'tmis, 
 “born dead.”] Born without life. 
 
 Stiril-cid'i-um.* [From stil'la, a 
 “drop,” and ca'do , to “fall down.”] A 
 dropping or trickling down; a flowing 
 
STI 
 
 STO 
 
 drop by drop. Applied especially to the 
 urine in strangury, stricture, etc. 
 
 Stillicid'ium Ljuli-ry-ma rum.* 
 
 (“Dropping or Trickling down of Tears.”) 
 See Epiphora. 
 
 Stil-lin'gi-a.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of the 
 Stillin' gia sylvat'ica. In large doses it is 
 emetic and cathartic,* in small doses, 
 alterative. 
 
 Stimatosis. See Stymatosis. 
 
 Stiiu'u-laiit. [Stim'ulans, a n't.is; 
 see Stimulate.] Stimulating. Applied 
 to a medicine having power to excite the 
 organic action of an animal, or increase 
 the vital .activity of an organ. 
 
 . Stim'u-late. [From stim'ulo, stimula'- 
 tum, to “goad,” or “urge on” (from 
 stim'ulus, a “goad,” or “spur”).] To 
 excite the organic action of a part of the 
 animal economy. 
 
 Stiiu'u-li,* gen. Stim-u-lo'rum, 
 
 the plural of Stimulus, which see. 
 
 Stim'u-lus,* plural Stim'u-li. A 
 
 Latin word signifying a “ goad,” “ sting,” 
 or “whip.” In Botany, a sting, or fine, 
 sharp-pointed substance which easily 
 penetrates the skin, introducing a poison 
 into the part, as of the Nettle. In Phy- 
 siology, that which rouses or excites the 
 vital energies, whether of the whole sys- 
 tem or of a part. 
 
 Sting’. In Botany, a rigid and point- 
 ed cell borne on an expanded base or 
 gland, which secretes an irritating fluid, 
 as in the Nettle. 
 
 Stipe. [Sti'pes, itis; from oTxmoq, a 
 “trunk.”] A stem of a fungus, fern, or 
 palm. Also, a stalk which supports the 
 ovary in certain plants. 
 
 Stl'pel. The stipule of a leaflet. 
 
 Stip'el-late. Furnished with stipels. 
 
 Sti-pif'er-ous. [Stipif 'erus ; from 
 sti'pes, a “stipe,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing stipes. 
 
 Stip'I-tate. [Stipita'tus ; from 
 sti'pes, a “ stipe.”] Having a stipe, stem, 
 or foot-stalk. 
 
 Stip'i-ti-form, or Stip'i-form. 
 [Stipifor'mis; from sti'pes, a “stipe.”] 
 Shaped like a stipe. 
 
 Stip-u-la'ceous. [From stip'ula, a 
 “ stipule.”] Belonging to or resembling 
 stipules. 
 
 Stip'u-lar. [Stipula'ris ; from 
 stip'ula, a “stipule.”] Relating to or 
 like a stipule. 
 
 Stip'u-late, or Stip'uled. [Stip- 
 ula'tus.] Having stipules. 
 
 Stip'ule. [Stip'ula.] A Latin word 
 signifying “straw,” or “stubble.” In 
 45 * 
 
 Botany, a lateral and foliaceous append- 
 age of a leaf, situated at the base of the 
 petiole. Stipules occur in pairs. 
 
 St ip-u-lif er-ous. [Sti pulif 'erus ; 
 from stip'ula, a “stipule,” and fe'ro , to 
 “bear.”] Bearing stipules. 
 
 Stitch. [Punc'tiim.] An acute, 
 sudden pain, like that caused by the 
 thrusting in of a sharp needle. See 
 Pleurodynia. 
 
 Stock. [Stirps.] The trunk or stem 
 of a tree or plant. Also, the original 
 (or originals) of a lineage of animals or 
 plants ; a source of succession ; a race. 
 
 Stoi-clii-ol'o-gy, or Stce-clii-ol'o- 
 gy, written also Ste-chl-ol'o-gy. 
 [Steechiolo'gia; from arocxsiov, a “first 
 principle,” and \6yog, a “discourse.”] 
 Elementary knowledge; the science of 
 first principles, or a treatise on elements. 
 
 Stoi-ehi-om'e-try. [Stcecliiome'- 
 tria: from (ttoixciov, an “element,” and 
 lx£T(,c cu, to “measure/’] The doctrine of 
 chemical equivalents. That part of 
 Chemistry which treats of the relative 
 quantities in which different substances 
 combine with each other. 
 
 Stole. The same as Stolon, which see. 
 
 Stolon. [Sto'lo, o'm’s.] A rooting 
 branch; a branch of a plant, which 
 curves or falls down to the ground, where 
 it takes root and forms an ascending 
 stem, as in the Currant. 
 
 Stol-o-nif'er-ous. [Stolonif'e- 
 rus; from sto'lo, a “stolon,” and fe'ro , 
 to “bear.”] Bearing stolons, or suckers. 
 
 Sto ilia,* plural Sto'ma-ta. [From 
 croya, a “ mouth.”] A mouth. Also, a 
 breathing-pore; a minute orifice in the 
 epidermis of leaves through which ex- 
 halation takes place. In the leaf of the 
 Apple there are said to be twenty-four 
 thousand stomata to the square inch. 
 
 Sto-mac'a-^e.* [From or oya, a 
 “month,” and kcucos, “bad.”] See Can- 
 crum Oris. 
 
 Stomaeal. See Stomachic. 
 
 Stomach, stum'ak. [Veil trie' ulus, 
 and Stoin'acSms; from croya, a 
 “mouth.”] (Fr. Estomac , es'to’m&k'.) 
 The membranous bag, or receptacle of 
 the food, between the oesophagus and 
 duodenum. 
 
 Stom ach-Pump. (Fr. Pompe pour 
 V Estomac, p6Mp pooR les’to'm&k'.) An 
 instrument used to pump out the con- 
 tents of the stomach, or convey fluids 
 into that organ when the patient is un- 
 able to swallow. 
 
 Stom'a-clial. Synonymous with 
 Stomachic, which see. 
 
 529 
 
STO 
 
 STR 
 
 Sto-macli'ic. [Stomach 'icus.] 
 
 (Fr. Stomacal , sto'mAkH'.) Belonging 
 to the stomach: gastric. Also applied 
 to a medicine which strengthens its 
 healthy action. 
 
 Stomachus. See Stomach. 
 
 Sto-map'o-dus.* [From aro/xa, a 
 " mouth, ” and xovs, a "foot.”] Having 
 feet near the mouth. Applied in the 
 neuter plural (Stomap' oda) to an order 
 of Crustaceans. 
 
 Sto'iua-ta,* the plural of Stoma, 
 which see. 
 
 Sto'mate. The same as Stoma, which 
 see. 
 
 Sto-mat'ic. [Stomat'icus ; from 
 aro/xa, a " mouth.”] A remedy for diseases 
 of the mouth. 
 
 Stom-a-ti/tis, id is* [From ardya, a 
 " mouth.”] Inflammation of the mouth. 
 
 Stom-a-to-plas'tic. [Stoiiiato- 
 
 1>1 as'ticus.] Belonging to stomato- 
 plasty. 
 
 Stom 'a-to-plas-ty. [Stomat©- 
 
 plas'tia; from aroya, a "mouth,” and 
 ■nXaacnxj, to "form.”] The operation for 
 forming an artificial mouth where the 
 aperture has been contracted from any 
 cause. 
 
 Stom'a-to-scope. [From oroya, the 
 " mouth,” and aKonsoj, to "examine.”] An 
 instrument for holding open the mouth 
 in order to facilitate examination. 
 
 Stone. See Calculus, and Lapis. 
 
 Stone-Fruit. A common name for 
 a Drupe, which see. 
 
 Stool. [Se'des.] The faeces dis- 
 charged from the bowels; a dejection; 
 an evacuation. In Botany, a plant from 
 which layers (stolons) are propagated. 
 
 Sto'rax.* A name for Styrax, 
 which see. 
 
 Stra-bis'mus.* [From orpaSifa, to 
 "squint.”] Squinting. An affection of 
 the eyes in which objects are seen in an 
 oblique manner. A genus of the order 
 Dyscinesise , class Locales , of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Stra-bot'o-my. [Straboto'inia ; 
 
 from (TTpaSds , "squinting,” and royrj, a 
 "cutting:”] An operation for strabis- 
 mus. 
 
 Strain. See Sprain. 
 
 Strainer. See Colatorium. 
 
 Straining. See Spasma. 
 
 Stra-min'e-ous. [From stra'men, 
 " straw.”] Straw-like. 
 
 Stra-mo'ni-i Fo'lI-um. $ ("Leaf of 
 Stramonium.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of Vatu' ra 
 stramo'nium . The Stramo'nii Fo'lia 
 
 530 
 
 ("Leaves of Stramonium”) of the Brit- 
 ish Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Stramo'nii Semen.* (" Seed of 
 Stramonium.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the seed of the 
 Vatu' ra stramo'nium. It is narcotic and 
 poisonous. 
 
 Stra-mo'ui-um.* The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (Ed. Ph.) for the herb Vatu' - 
 ra stramo' ilium. 
 
 Stran'g-u-lat-ed. [Strangula'- 
 tus; from stran'gulo , stranyula' turn , to 
 "choke.”] Literally, " choked.” Applied 
 to irreducible hernia. In Botany, irregu- 
 larly contracted. 
 
 Stran-gu-Ia'tion. [Strangula'- 
 
 tio, o 'nia; from the same.] (Fr. Etr any La- 
 ment, AtRON G 'gT-mbN°'.) The state of 
 choking ; constriction of a part from the 
 presence of a stricture. 
 
 Strangury, strang'gu-re. [Stran- 
 gu'ria; from arpayyio, to "tie or bind 
 tight” (or more directly from orpayl, a 
 " drop”), and ovpov, the " urine.”] A 
 painful difficulty in passing water, which 
 can be discharged only by drops. 
 
 Stra'ta,* gen. Stra-to'rum, the plu- 
 ral of Stratum, which see. 
 
 Strat-i-fi-ca'tion. [Stratifica'tio, 
 o 'nis; from stra'tum, a " layer,” and 
 fa'cio, to " make.”] In Chemistry, the 
 placing of layer upon layer of different 
 substances in a crucible, to calcine a 
 metal, etc. In Geology, the arrange- 
 ment of the rocks, earth, etc., in strata; 
 the process of forming strata. 
 
 Strut I-fied. [Stratifica'tus; from 
 the same.] Composed of distinct strata, 
 or layers of different materials. Applied 
 in Geology to sedimentary rocks placed 
 in strata which are nearly parallel, as 
 sandstone and slate. 
 
 Strat'i-forin. [Stratifor'mis ; 
 
 from stra'tum, a "layer.”] Having the 
 form of strata; stratified. 
 
 Stra'toid. [Stratoi'des; from 
 stra'tum, a " layer,” and eldog, a "form.”] 
 Resembling strata or layers. 
 
 Stra-tom'e-ter. [Stratem'etrum ; 
 from stra'tum, a " layer,” and yirpov, a 
 "measure.”] An instrument for deter- 
 mining in what manner geological strata 
 press upon each other. — (M ayne.) 
 
 Stra'tum,* plural Stra'ta. [From 
 ster'no, stra'tum, to "spread,” to "lay 
 down.”] A bed or layer of matter. 
 When different rocks lie in succession 
 upon each other, each individual forms 
 a stratum. 
 
 Straw b£r-ry. The fruit of the 
 Fraya'ria ves'ea. A plant of the Liu- 
 
STR 
 
 STR 
 
 recall class Icosandria, natural order Ro- 
 saccse. 
 
 Strein'iiia.** [From orpifo), to 
 
 ‘•twist,” or “ turn.”] A sprain, or lux- 
 ation. 
 
 Stri'ay* plural Stri'se. A Latin 
 word signifying a “groove,” “furrow,” 
 or “crease.” Applied in Anatomy and 
 Zoology to longitudinal marks or lines; 
 and sometimes, in Pathology, to the pur- 
 ple spots which appear under the skin in 
 certain fevers ; also called Vibices. 
 
 Stri'ae,* the plural of Stria, which 
 see. 
 
 Stri'ate. [Stria'tus; from stri'o, 
 stria* turn, to “ make furrows.”] Grooved ; 
 furrowed; marked with longitudinal 
 streaks or furrows (strise). 
 
 Striated Bodies. See Corpora 
 Striata. 
 
 Strict. [From strin'go , stnc'tum, to 
 “bind,” or “tie close/'] A botanical 
 term signifying very straight or close. 
 
 Stric'ture. [Strictu'ra; from the 
 same.] (Fr. Re.tr ecissement, rAtrAs&ss'- 
 moN°'.) A term for a contraction in a 
 canal, tube, or duct; as in the oesopha- 
 gus, urethra, etc. 
 
 Stri'dor Den'tiuni* (den'she-um). 
 (“ Grinding of the Teeth.”) The grat- 
 ing noise produced by powerful attrition 
 of the teeth of the lower jaw on those of 
 the upper. A common symptom in gas- 
 tric affections of children. 
 
 Strid'u-lous. [Sfrfid'ulus ; from 
 stri’deo, to “crack,” “creak,” or 
 “crash.”] Creaking; crashing. See 
 Cynanche Strepitoria. 
 
 Strigr'il,* or Strig-'I-lis.* A Latin 
 word signifying a “curry-comb.” A 
 scraper, or flesh-brush. An instrument 
 used in bathing. 
 
 Strig/il-flose. The same as Strigose, 
 which see. 
 
 Strl-gose'. [Strigo'sus ; from stri'- 
 ga, a “ small stiff hair.”] Clothed with 
 sharp and stout close-pressed hairs, or 
 scale-like bristles ( strigsc ). Applied to 
 plants. 
 
 Sfr«b-*-la'ce©us. [StroMla'cens.] 
 
 Relating to, or resembling, a strobile. 
 
 Strob'Ile. [Strob'ilus.] A scaly 
 multiple fruit resulting from the ripen- 
 ing of some sort of catkin. It is applied 
 especially to the peculiar fruit of the 
 Coniferse, of which the cone of the pine- 
 tree is an example. 
 
 Strob-i-lif'er-ows. [Strobilif'er- 
 
 us; from strob'ilus, a “strobile,” and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing strobiles 
 
 Strob idi-fonn. [Strobilifor'mis ? 
 
 from strob'ilus, a “strobile.”] Resem- 
 bling a strobile. 
 
 St rob-i-li ' tes.* [From strob'ilus, a 
 “ strobile,” and \iOog, a “ stone”?] Fossil 
 fruit resembling a strobile. 
 
 Stroke of tbe Sun. See Coup de 
 Soleil. 
 
 Stroke of tbe Wind. See Coup 
 de Vent. 
 
 Stroma, a tis* [From crpopa, a 
 “ bed,” or “ couch.”] The tissue which 
 forms the bed or substance of an organ. 
 
 Slrombufluferous. Sec Strombuli- 
 form. 
 
 Strom'bu-li-form. [Strombuli- 
 for'ouis; from strom'bulus, diminutive 
 of strom'bus, a spiral shell of a mollusk.] 
 Contorted like a screw, or twisted spi- 
 rally. 
 
 Strong-'er Al'co-bol. [Al'eohol 
 Fortius.] The name applied to spirit 
 of the specific gravity 0.817. It has 
 been placed on the primary list of the Ma- 
 teria Mcdica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia 
 for 1860. 
 
 Stron'gy-lus.* [From arpoyyvXo 
 “globose.”] A kind of worm or ento- 
 zbon, found in the kidney and other 
 viscera : a strongylc. 
 
 Stron'gybns ^i'gas.* (“Giant 
 Strongylus.”) A very large species 
 sometimes found in the human kidney. 
 
 Strontiaii, stron'she-an. [Stron- 
 tia'na; from Stron'tian, in Argyleshire.] 
 The oxide of strontium; one of the pri- 
 mitive earths, found in combination with 
 carbonic acid in strontianite. 
 
 Stron'tic. [Sir on 'ficus; from 
 stron'tium . ] Belonging to strontium. 
 
 Strontium/ stron'she-um. The 
 metallic base of strontian. 
 
 Sfro'pSai-olc. [Strophi'olum ; 
 diminutive of stro'phium , a “ garland,” 
 or “ girdle.”] A small curved protube- 
 rance near the hilum of some seeds. 
 
 Stro 2 >b'u-Ius. ;;: * A papular eruption 
 of various species and form, peculiar to 
 infants. 
 
 Stroph'ulus Al'bl-diis.* (“White 
 or Whitish Strophulus.”) The white 
 gum , a name for a variety of Strophulus 
 intertinctus. 
 
 Sfropfo'tilus Can'di-dus.^ (“Shin- 
 ing Strophulus.”) A variety in which 
 the papulse are larger, have no inflam- 
 mation, but a smooth, shining surface, 
 which gives them a lighter color than 
 the cuticle near them. 
 
 stroph ulus Con-fer'tu§/ (“ Thick 
 or Crowded Strophulus.”) A variety in 
 which numerous papillse, varying in size, 
 531 
 
STR 
 
 STY 
 
 appear on different parts of the body in 
 infants during dentition, and is therefore 
 called tooth-rash. 
 
 StropBi'ulus In-ter-tine'tus.** 
 
 (“ Stained or Spotted Strophulus/’) A 
 variety of strophulus in which the child’s 
 skin appears like printed cotton, from 
 the various disposition of the character- 
 istic papulae , or seems covered with a rod 
 gummy exudation; therefore popularly 
 termed red gum , and red-gown. 
 
 Sfropai'ulus Vo-lat'I-CMS.** (“ Fly- 
 ing Strophulus.”) The wildfire rash, a 
 species having small circular patches or 
 clusters of papulae arising successively 
 on different parts of the body. 
 
 Striae' tu-ral Bot'a-ny. The branch 
 of botanical science which treats of the 
 structure, organization, and external 
 conformation of plants, including Vege- 
 table Anatomy (or Piiytotomy) and 
 Organography, which see. 
 
 Structure. [Stmctu'ra 5 from 
 8tru'o y st rue' turn, to “ build,” to “ order," 
 to “make."] Originally, a “building." 
 The mode of construction or putting to- 
 gether of any thing. In Geology and 
 Mineralogy, the disposition of the lines 
 of fissure or separation, from which 
 necessarily results the form of the rock 
 or mineral. Also, the arrangement of 
 the organic tissues or elements of which 
 animals and plants are composed. 
 
 Struma.* A scrofulous swelling, 
 or tumor; also, scrofula itself. Some- 
 times applied to bronchocele. 
 
 Stru-mijf'er-mis. [Strumif'eras ; 
 from stru'ma, a “ wen," and fc'ro , to 
 “ bear."] Bearing a wen or tumor. Ap- 
 plied to plants. 
 
 Stru-mose'. [From stru'ma, a 
 “wen.”] In Botany, swollen on one 
 side; bearing a struma, or wen. 
 
 Stru'meus. [Strumo'sus; from 
 stru'ma.] Having scrofula; scrofulous. 
 
 Struve’s ILo'tion for lloop'iHg 
 fouglt. A preparation consisting chiefly 
 of tartarized antimony and the tincture 
 of cantharides. 
 
 StrycBi'niite. [StrycBi'nas, a 'tis.] 
 A combination of strychnic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Strych'ni-a, Stryeli'nim, or 
 Strycli'nine. [StrycSini'na.] The 
 
 Pharinacopoeial name || for a peculiar 
 alkaloid obtained from the fruit of 
 the Strychno8 mix vomica. It occurs in 
 the form of a white, or grayish-white, 
 powder, of an intensely bitter taste, 
 nearly insoluble in water, and readily 
 soluble in boiling alcohol. A small por- 
 532 
 
 tion of it dissolved in officinal sulphuric 
 acid yields, on the addition of a minute 
 quantity of bichromate of potassa, a 
 splendid violet color. Strychnia has, in 
 a concentrated form, the virtues and the 
 poisonous qualities of nux vomica. 
 
 Stry-eEi'ni-se Sufi'pSaas.* (“Sul- 
 phate of Strychnia.”) The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (U.S. Ph.) for a white salt 
 in colorless prismatic crystals, without 
 odor, exceedingly bitter, readily soluble 
 in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, 
 and insoluble in ether. Medical proper- 
 ties the same as those of Strychnia. 
 
 Slry-elk'nic. [StryeBa' ulcus.] Ap- 
 plied to salts of which strychnine forms 
 the base. 
 
 StrycBi'nos.* [Gr. arpvxvog, a species 
 of nightshade.] (Fr. Vomiquier , vo'm£'- 
 ke’a'.) A Linnsean genus of the class 
 Pentandria, natural order Loganiacese. 
 
 StrycEa'uos Igna'tia- (ig-na'she-a). 
 The systematic name for the tree which 
 yields Ignatia, which see. 
 
 StrycEi'nos Mix Voiu'S-ea.* The 
 tree which yields the Nux Vomica, 
 which see. 
 
 StrycEinos Tlewte. See Upas 
 Tieute. 
 
 Stuttitia,* stul-tish'e-a. [From 
 stul' tus, “foolish.”] Foolishness; folly, 
 or a certain dulness of the mind. For- 
 merly used for Fatuity. 
 
 Stu'pa.* Literally, “ tow." Applied 
 to tow used in certain surgical dressings ; 
 also to a cloth used in fomentations : 
 such a cloth is termed in English a stupe. 
 A fomentation. 
 
 Shi-pe-fa'cient. [Stiijwfa'ciens ; 
 
 from stupcfa’cio, to “render stupid.”] 
 Having power to stupefy. Formerly used 
 in the same manner as Narcotic, which 
 
 see. 
 
 Stupor, o'r is* [From stu'peo, to 
 “be stupefied.”] A suspension or di- 
 minished activity of the mental faculties ; 
 loss of sensibility. 
 
 Stu'por Don 'ti 11111- (den'she-uin). 
 A term sometimes applied to the affec- 
 tion of the teeth when they are popu- 
 larly said to be “ on edge." 
 
 Stut'ter-ins'. Nearly the samo as 
 stammering, but in a more aggravated 
 form. 
 
 Sty, or Stye. A disease of the eye- 
 lids. See Hordeolum. 
 
 Sty'Iate. [Styla'tus; from sty'lus, 
 a “ style.”] Having a style. 
 
 Style. [Sty'Ius, a “ style." an 
 instrument which the ancients used in 
 writing.] The columnar or slender part 
 
STY 
 
 SUB 
 
 of a pistil above the ovary ; also, a sur- 
 geon’s 'probe. 
 
 Stylet, st^'liP. The French name 
 for Probe, which see. 
 
 Stylidiacese,* sti-lid-e-a'she-e. 
 [From Stylid'ium , one of the genera.] A 
 natural order of exogenous, herbaceous 
 plants, natives of Australia. 
 
 Sfy-flif'er-ous. [Stylif 'erus ; from 
 sty'lus, a “ style,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing styles, or a style. Applied to 
 flowers. 
 
 Sty'lbfonn. [Stylifor'mis; from 
 sty'lus , a “ style,” or “ bodkin.”] Re- 
 sembling a style or bodkin; style-shaped. 
 
 Sfy-lis'cus.* [From sty'lus , a “ style,” 
 or “bodkin.”] A tent in form of a bod- 
 kin. 
 
 Sty'lo-<Glos'sus.* [From yXcScnra, a 
 “tongue.”] A muscle arising from the 
 styloid process and the stylo-maxillary 
 ligament, and inserted into the root of 
 the tongue. It moves the tongue late- 
 rally and backwards. 
 
 Sty'lo-My'al. [Stylobya'lis; from 
 styloi'des, and hyoi'des, “ hyoid.”] Ap- 
 plied by Owen to the homologues of the 
 styloid process of the temporal bone. 
 
 Sty lo-BIy oi<l. [Sty'lo-IIyoi'- 
 deus.] Applied to a ligament connect- 
 ing the styloid process with the hyoid 
 bone : also to a muscle. See next article. 
 
 Siy'lo-SIy-o-i'de-us.* A muscle aris- 
 ing from the styloid process and inserted 
 into the os hy aides, which it raises. 
 
 Styloid. [Styloi'des; from sty'lus , 
 a “style,” and e Ido;, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a style, or bodkin: styliform. 
 Applied to a process of the temporal 
 bone, etc. 
 
 Stylo-Mast'oid. [Stylo-Mastoi'- 
 deus.] The designation of a foramen 
 situated between the styloid and mastoid 
 processes, through which the portio dura 
 of the seventh pair of nerves passes; 
 also, of an artery which enters that fora- 
 men. 
 
 Sty'Io-I*bar-yo-£e'us.* A muscle 
 arising from the styloid process and in- 
 serted into the pharynx and back part 
 of the thyroid cartilage. It raises the 
 pharynx and draws up the thyroid car- 
 tilage. 
 
 Sty-lo-2>o'cla-um.* [From ctv\o;, a 
 “style,” and ttovs, wx5o?, a “foot.”] An 
 enlargement or fleshy disk at the base 
 of a style, as in the Umbelliferse. 
 
 Stylus.* [Gr. <ttv\os, a “column,” or 
 “style.”] A surgeon’s probe. Also ap- 
 plied to the filament of the halteres of 
 the Diptera. See Style. 
 
 Sty-ma-to'sis,* or Sta-ma-to'sis.* 
 
 [From arvio, to “ erect.”] Violent erection 
 of the penis, with bloody discharge. 
 
 Styp'sis.* [See next article.] Astric- 
 tion, or constipation. 
 
 Siyp'tic. [Slyp'ticus; from <xrv</>a>, 
 to “contract,” to “be astringent.”] 
 Having the power of stopping haemor- 
 rhages through an astringent quality; 
 haemostatic. 
 
 Sty racacese, * stir-a-ka'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous trees and 
 shrubs, found in the tropical or subtropi- 
 cal regions of Asia and America. It in- 
 cludes Sty' rax, from which fragrant gum 
 resins called Storax and Benzoin are 
 procured. 
 
 Sty'rax, a '«’«.* A Linnaean genus 
 of the class Dccandria, natural order 
 Styracaccse. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the prepared juice 
 of Liquidam'bar Orienta'le. It is a 
 stimulating expectorant. 
 
 Sty'rax Ben zoin.* The tree which 
 affords benzoin. See Benzoinum. 
 
 Sty'rax Of-fi$-i-na'lis.* The tree 
 which affords the balsam styrax, or sto- 
 rax. 
 
 Suit. [Gr. vn6, “under.”] A Latin 
 preposition signifying “under,” “be- 
 neath,” or “ from beneath.” Before the 
 consonants e,/, m,p, and r, the b is usually 
 clanged to the corresponding letter: thus, 
 we have succumb for subcumb, suffuse for 
 sul/use, support for subport, etc. Sub, as 
 a prefix to many English words, denotes 
 deficiency or an inferior degree; as, sub- 
 acid, sH&carbonate, etc. 
 
 Sub-a-^e'tas Cu'pri.* (“Subacetate 
 of Copper.”) See Verdigris, and Cupri 
 Subacetas. 
 
 Sub-car'bo-uate. [Subcarbo'nas, 
 
 a'ft*.] A combination of carbonic acid 
 with a base, in which there is an excess 
 of the latter. 
 
 Subear'bonate of Am-mo'ni-a, or 
 far bo-nate of Ammo nia. A white, 
 translucent salt, with a pungent odor, 
 sometimes called smelling salts, or salts 
 of hartshorn. 
 
 Sub-ela'vi-an. [Subela'vius, or 
 Subclavia'nus; from sub, “under,” or 
 “beneath,” and cla'vis, the “clavicle.”] 
 (Fr. Sous- clavi ere, soo'kl&'ve-eR'.) The 
 designation of an artery situated under 
 the clavicle. The right arises from the 
 arteria innominata, the left separates from 
 the aorta at the termination of its arch. 
 
 Sub-ela'vi-us.* [From the same.] A 
 muscle arising from the cartilage of the 
 first rib and inserted into the lower sur- 
 533 
 
SUB 
 
 SUB 
 
 face of the clavicle. It brings the clavicle 
 and shoulder forwards and backwards. 
 
 Sub-cor'date. [From sub , “ under,* 
 and cor, cor'dis, a “ heart.”] Slightly 
 heart-shaped. 
 
 Sub-cu-ta'ne-ous. [Subcnta'ne- 
 
 us; from sub, “ under/’ and cu'tis, the 
 “skin.”] Situated just under the skin. 
 
 Su'ber-ate. [Su'beras, a'^'s.] A 
 combination of suberic acid with a base. 
 
 Su-ber'ic. [Suber'icus; from su'- 
 ber, “cork.”] Belonging to cork. Ap- 
 plied to an acid obtained by the action 
 of nitric acid on cork. 
 
 Su'be-rin. [Suberi'iia.] A name 
 given to the cellular tissue of cork after 
 the various soluble matters have been 
 removed by the action of water and 
 alcohol. 
 
 Su-be-rose', or Su'ber-ous. [Su- 
 bero'sus; from su’ber, “cork.”] Corky ; 
 of the nature of cork. 
 
 Sub fin. coct. = Sub fl’nem cod io’ nis* 
 “When the boiling is nearly finished.” 
 
 Subject. [From subjic'io, subjec' turn, 
 to “cast or place under.”] Something 
 placed under one’s notice for examina- 
 tion or study. In Anatomy, a body for 
 dissection. 
 
 Sub-jec'tive. [Subjecti'vus; from 
 the same.] Literally, “placed under,” 
 or within [the mind]. Applied to sensa- 
 tions, thoughts, etc., which arise from 
 within ourselves, and are not dependent 
 on, or directly caused by, external im- 
 pressions. (See Objective.) Also ap- 
 plied to symptoms of disease noticed by 
 the patient himself. 
 
 Sub-li-ga'men, inis* [From sub'- 
 ligo, to “under-bind.”] That which is 
 applied to overcome a hernia; a kind of 
 truss. 
 
 Sub'll-mate. [Sublima'tum.] The 
 
 product of sublimation. 
 
 Sublimate, Corrosive. See IIy- 
 DRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. 
 
 Sub-li-ina'tion. [Sublima'tio, 
 
 O 'nis ; from subli'mo, sublima’tum, to 
 “raise up,” or “sublimate.”] The pro- 
 cess by which solid substances are vola- 
 tilized or raised by heat and again con- 
 densed, the product being called a subli- 
 mate when concreted in a hard mass ; and 
 flowers, when feathery, or powder-like. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur. See Sulphur 
 SUBLIMATUM. 
 
 Sub-li'mis.* (“Superficial [Mus- 
 cle].”) A designation of the flex’ or digi- 
 to’rum commu’nis muscle, from its being 
 more superficial than the flexor profundus. 
 
 Sub-lin gual. [From sub, “under,” 
 
 534 
 
 and lin’gua, the “tongue.”] Applied to a 
 gland situated beneath the mucous mem- 
 brane of the floor of the mouth on each 
 side of the fr sen urn ling use. 
 
 Sub-lux-a/tion. " [Subluxa'tio, 
 o’ nis; from sub, “under,” “in an inferior 
 degree,” and lux’ o, luxa'tum, to “put out 
 of joint.”] A sprain, or partial disloca- 
 tion. 
 
 Sub-max'il-la-ry. [From sub, “un- 
 der,” and maxil'la, a “jaw.”] Applied 
 to a gland situated on the inner side of 
 the ramus of the lower jaw, and to a 
 ganglion which occurs on a level with 
 the submaxillary gland. 
 
 Sub-men tal. [Submenta'lis; from 
 sub, “under,” and men’ turn, the “chin.”] 
 Applied to an artery running beneath 
 the chin. 
 
 Sub-merged'. The same as Sub- 
 mersed, which see. 
 
 Sub-mersed'. [Submer'sus; from 
 sub, “under,” and mer’go, mer’ sum, to 
 “plunge.”] Growing under the water. 
 Applied to plants. 
 
 Sub-mer saon. [Submer'sio, o ’nis; 
 from the same.] Drowning; one of the 
 causes producing Asphyxia Suffoca- 
 tiqnis, which see. 
 
 Sub-111 u'ri-ate. [Submu'rias, 
 
 a'ft’*.] A combination of muriatic (or 
 hydrochloric) acid with a base, having a 
 deficiency of the acid. 
 
 Sub-o-per'cu-lar. [Subopercu- 
 
 la'ris; from suboper’culum.] Applied by 
 Owen to that one of the four opercular 
 bones which is below the interopercular 
 and preopercular. 
 
 Sub-o-per'cu-lum.** [From sub, 
 “under,” and oper’culum, a “lid.”] A 
 bony formation with which the opercu- 
 lum and interoperculum compose a sort 
 of lid for the gills of fishes. 
 
 Sub-or'bi-tar. [Suborbita'rius; 
 from sub, “under,” and or’bita, the “or- 
 bit.”] Situated under the orbital* cavity 
 of the eye. 
 
 Sub-Or'ders. The highest divisions 
 of natural orders, when marked by cha- 
 racters of such importance that it might 
 fairly be questioned whether they ought 
 not to be received as independent orders. 
 
 Sub-pla-een'ta.* A name for the 
 Decidua Vera, which see. 
 
 Sub-Salt. Originally, a salt which 
 contained an excess of base. This term 
 now relates to atomic composition, a true 
 subsalt being that in which there is less 
 than one atom of acid to each atom of 
 base. 
 
 Sub-scap'u-lar. [Subsvapula'ris; 
 
SUB 
 
 sue 
 
 from sub, “ under,” or “ beneath,” and 
 scap'ula, the “shoulder-blade.”] Be- 
 neath the scapula, or shoulder-blade. 
 Applied to a muscle. 
 
 Sub-scap-u-la'ris.* (“ Subscapular 
 [Muscle].”) A muscle arising from all 
 the internal surface of the scapula, and 
 inserted into the humerus. It pulls the 
 arm backwards and downwards. 
 
 Snb-si'dence. [Subside© 'tia; from 
 subsi'do, to “settle,” or “sink down.”] 
 Applied to the sediment of the urine, etc. 
 See Hypostasis. 
 
 Subspecies,* sub-spe'shez. In Bo- 
 tany, a marked and permanent variety. 
 
 Substantia,* sub-stan'shc-a. [From 
 sub'sto , to “subsist,” to “have a firm or 
 permanent existence.”] A substance or 
 body. 
 
 Sij bstan 'iia Fer-rn-gi© 'e-a.* 
 
 (“Ferruginous Substance.”) A substance 
 found in the rhomboid fossa of the brain. 
 
 Substan tia Ni'gra. : (“Black Sub- 
 stance.”) A dark-colored substance found 
 near the corpora albicantia, in what are 
 termed the “peduncles of the brain.” 
 
 Sub stan-tMve. [Subs tan ti vus ; 
 from substan'tia, a “ substance,” “that 
 which subsists,” or stands by itself.] 
 Applied to those coloring matters which 
 have a strong attraction for cloth with- 
 out the aid of a mordant. 
 
 Sub-sti-tu'tie©. [Substitu'ti©, 
 ©'ms/ from substit'uo , substitu'tum, to 
 “put in the place of another.”] A term 
 applied to those effects of chemical affi- 
 nity which depend on the replacement 
 of certain proportions of one body by 
 the same proportions of another body. 
 
 Sub-sul'tus.* [From subsil'io, sub- 
 sul'tum , to “leap or start slightly.”] A 
 start, or twitching. 
 
 Subsul'tus Ten'<li-©um.* (“Start- 
 ing. or Leaping, of the Tendons.”) Con- 
 vulsive twitehings of the tendons of the 
 hands or feet, common in low nervous 
 and typhus fevers. 
 
 Sub- tense'. [Subte©'sa; from 
 
 sub, “under,” and ten’ do, ten’ sum, to 
 “stretch,” or “extend.”] A right line 
 connecting the extremities of an arc; a 
 chord of an arc. 
 
 Sub-ter-ra/ne-au. [Subtena'ne- 
 
 us; from sub, “under,” and ter f ra, the 
 “ earth.”] In Botany, growing beneath 
 the surface of the ground. 
 
 Sub-tifi-i-f©'li-us.* [From subti’lis, 
 “fine,” or “slender,” and f o' Hum, a 
 “leaf.”] Having linear leaves or foli- 
 oles: subtilifo'Iious. 
 
 Sub-u'ber-es.* [From sub, “under,” 
 
 or “at,” and u’bcr, the “ pap,” or “ udder.”] 
 Literally, “those under or at the breast.” 
 A term applied to children not yet 
 weaned. 
 
 Sub'u-late. [Subula'tus; fromsuZ/- 
 ula, an “awl.”] Awl-shaped: narrow 
 and tapering to a rigid point, as the 
 leaves of the Juniper, etc. 
 
 Sub-u-lif'er-ous. [Subulif 'crus; 
 from sub'ula, an “awl,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing objects like awls. 
 
 Sub-u-Ii-fo'lI-us.* [From sub'ula, 
 an “awl,” and f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing subulate leaves : subulifo'lious. 
 
 Sub'u-lI-fornB. [Subul if©r 'mis.] 
 
 The same as Subulate, which see. 
 
 Snc-^e-da'iie-um.* [Fr< m succe'do , 
 to “follow,” or “come in place of.”] A 
 substitute. Applied to medicines, etc. 
 
 Suc'^i,* the plural of Succus, which 
 see. 
 
 Succi©. See Succinum. 
 
 S»cX*i-iiate. [Sue'cinas, a'fis.] A 
 combination of succinic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Suc-^in'ic. [Succiiifeus; from 
 8uc'cinum, “amber.”] Belonging to am- 
 ber. Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
 
 SucX*i-num.* [Froms«c'cns, “juice.”] 
 (Fr. Snccin, suk'saN c ', or Ambre, owbR.) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name for Amber, 
 which see. 
 
 Suc-^iv'o-rous. [Succi v'©rus ; 
 
 from suc'c-u8, “juice,” and vo'ro, to “de- 
 vour.”] Feeding on juice. Applied to 
 certain insects. 
 
 Suc-c«se'. The same as Succulent, 
 which see. 
 
 Site eu-lfous. [From sub , “under,” 
 and cu'bo, to “lie.”] Applied to leaves 
 w hen the apex of each leaf is covered by 
 the base of the next, as in Juugermminia. 
 
 Sue'cn-lent. [Sue '<*11 lens, or Suc- 
 culeu'tus; from sue'eus, “juice.”] 
 Juicy; full of juice. 
 
 Sue'eus,* plural Suc'^i. [From su'go , 
 suc'tum, to “suck.”] The juice of fruits, 
 plants, roots, etc.; sap. Also applied to 
 certain animal fluids. The term succus is 
 used by the British Pharmacopoeia for the 
 juices of certain plants used in medicine: 
 as, Suc'cus coni'i (“juice of conium”), 
 Sue' cus tarax'aci (“juice of taraxacum”), 
 etc. 
 
 Succus Gastricus. See Gastric 
 Juice. 
 
 Suc-cus'sicm. [Succus'si©, © 'nis ; 
 from succu'tio, succus' sum, to “shake.”] 
 Giying the trunk slight but sudden 
 shakes, in order to produce fluctuation 
 of a liquid suspected to exist within the 
 535 
 
sue 
 
 SUG 
 
 chest or ,• bdomen, and so to ascertain 
 its presence and quantity. 
 
 Suck'er. [Sur'culus, a “ shoot,” or 
 “scion.”] In Botany, a branch of sub- 
 terranean origin, which, after running 
 horizontally and emitting roots in its 
 course, at length rises out of the ground 
 and forms an erect stem. 
 
 Suc'tion. [Suc'ti©, © 'nis; from 
 su'go, 8uc'tum, to “suck.”] The act of 
 sucking. Applied to the process of rais- 
 ing water or other liquids in a tube by 
 forming a partial vacuum, into which the 
 liquid is forced by the pressure of the 
 atmosphere. 
 
 Swc-to'rl-a.* [From the same.] The 
 third class of the Diploneura or Helmin- 
 ihoida, comprising the Enfozoa and other 
 similar helminthoid animals, which have 
 their mouth adapted for sucking. 
 
 ^wc-to'ri-ous. [Saieto'rins; from 
 the same.] Having the power of sucking. 
 
 ^u-da'men, inis* plural Sw-dam'i- 
 sia [from su'do, suda'tiim, to “sweat”]; 
 also termed Pa-pil'lae Sii-clo-ra'le&.& 
 (“ Sweat-Pimples.”) Y esicles like millet- 
 seeds, appearing in numbers, suddenly 
 and unattended by fever, after great 
 sweating from hard labor. 
 
 Su-dam'I-aia,* the plural of Suda- 
 men, which see. 
 
 Su-cla'ri-MEEi.* [From the same.] 
 Synonymous with Sudatorium. 
 
 Su><la'ti© 2 B. [$u<9a'tio, o'nis; from 
 the same.] A sweating. 
 
 Su-cla-to'ra-a.* [From the same.] 
 A morbid sweating. The same as Ephi- 
 drosis, which see. 
 
 Siwla-to'ra-mfii.* [From the same.] 
 A sweating-bath, or sweating-room. 
 
 Sti'dia-to-ry. [SuMlato'rinas; from 
 the same.] Belonging to perspiration, 
 or sweat. 
 
 Su'<il©r, © ’ns.* [From ukop, “ water,” 
 or “moisture.”] (Fr. Sueur, sii'uit'.) 
 Sweat, or sensible perspiration; a sweat- 
 ing; diaphoresis. 
 
 Sudor Ainglicanus or Angliciis. 
 
 See Anglicus Sudor. 
 
 SiHlo-ra'lis. ;: ‘ Pertaining to sudor, 
 or sweat. 
 
 Su-do-raf 'er-©us. [SMalorif'erns ; 
 
 from sid dor, “sweat,” and fc'ro , to 
 “bear.”] Bearing sweat; serving to 
 carry off sweat. 
 
 Sai-do-rif ic. [SiMlorif iotas ; from 
 Bid dor, “ sweat,” and fa'cio, to “make.”] 
 Inducing or causing sweat; diaphoretic. 
 
 Su-alo-rap'a-roiiM. [Stidorip'ariiH : 
 
 from Hu'dor, “sweat,” and pu'rio, to 
 “produce.”] Producing, cr secreting, 
 536 
 
 sweat. Applied to certain glands. See 
 next article. 
 
 Sndorip'arous Gland. [Glati- 
 dula Sudorip'ara, plural Glau 'du- 
 lse Sudorip'arse.] A sweat-gland, con- 
 sisting of a minute tube coiled up in a 
 globular form, situated in the subcuta- 
 neous areolar tissue. 
 
 Swet. See Sevum. 
 
 Suear. See Sudor. 
 
 t- f I -men tu m, - plural Suf-fi- 
 mem'ta. [From sufjio, to “perfume.”] 
 A perfume of any pleasant kind that is 
 burned or smoked ; a suf'fiment. 
 
 SauiFoea'ti© (suf-fo-ka'she-o) Hys- 
 §uffoca'tio l-te-rina. 
 The globus hystericus : hysterical or ute- 
 rine suffocation. 
 
 §uf-f©-ca/ti©n. [Soififoea/ti©, o' nis; 
 from suffo’co, suffoca'tum, to “^choke,” or 
 “stop the breath.”] (Fr. Etouffement, 
 ^'toof'moN®'.) The act of suffocating; 
 death or suspended animation from pri- 
 vation of breath; cessation or stoppage 
 of the breath. 
 
 Suf-frn-tes'^ent. [Suffrutes'cens.] 
 
 Slightly shrubby ; woody at the base only. 
 
 Suf'fru-tex.* [From sub, “under,” 
 and fru'tex, a “ shrub.”] An under- 
 shrub ; a woody plant of low stature. 
 
 Suf-fniti-cose. [SnflVutico'siis; 
 from suf'frutex, an “undershrub.”] 
 Somewhat woody; low and shrubby, as 
 an undershrub. 
 
 [SutfFttmttig’a'- 
 
 ti o, o'nis; from sub, “under,” “ beneath,” 
 and fu'migo, fumiga'tum, to “make a 
 smoke,” to “fumigate.”] Literally, a 
 “fumigation from beneath:” hence, sim- 
 ply, fumigation. 
 
 Sinf-fai/si©©. [SnftM'si©.,©'M?X; from 
 
 sub, “ under,” and fun’ do, fu'sum, to 
 “pour,” to “spread.”] Literally, a 
 pouring or spreading of blood under 
 the surface. Applied to redness of the 
 skin as the result of inflammation or ex- 
 citement, or to extravasation of some 
 humor, as of blood, on the eye, which is 
 then said to be bloodshot. Applied also to 
 cataract, formerly supposed to be the suf- 
 fusion of a morbid humor within the eye. 
 
 Sttigar, shdog'ar. [Lot. Sac'clfoariiiii ; 
 Fr. Sucre, siikn. See Saco iia rum.] A 
 proximate principle of plants, composed 
 of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Tt is 
 the most soluble form of ternary organi- 
 zable matter, and exists, in plants, only 
 in solution. It abounds in growing 
 parts, in many stems just before flower- 
 ing, as those of the sugar-cane, maple, 
 etc., and in pulpy fruits. 
 
SUG 
 
 SUL 
 
 Su'gar, A^ i<l of, Sn'gar, Es sence 
 
 of. Names for Oxalic Acid, which see. 
 
 Su'gar of Fea«l. The common name 
 of Plumbi Acetas, which see. 
 
 Su'gar of Milk. A substance com- 
 monly used by the homoeopathists as the 
 vehicle of their medicines. It is also 
 sometimes employed in allopathic medi- 
 cine. See Saccharijm Lactis. 
 
 8ug'gil-lat*e<l. [Sngilla'tiis; from 
 siKjil'lo, sugilla'tum, to “make black and 
 blue.”] Having, or pertaining to, sug- 
 gillation. 
 
 Sag’-gil-Ia'tioii. [Sugilla'tio,o'm«; 
 
 from the same.] The mark left by a 
 leech or cupping-glass; also, livid spots 
 of various size noticed on dead bodies. 
 
 Su'i-cide. [Suicid'ium; from sn'i, 
 "of himself,” and - cid’ium , a suffix (from 
 ex' do, to "kill,” signifying "slaughter,” 
 or "slaying.”] Self-murder. The volun- 
 tary taking of one’s own life, often the 
 consequence of mental disease. 
 
 Suites de Couches, swbt deh koosh. 
 The French term for Lochia, which see. 
 
 Sul'cate, or Sul'cat-ed. [Sulca'- 
 tus ; from suVco , sulca'tum , to "furrow.”] 
 Having deep lines lengthwise; furrowed; 
 grooved. 
 
 Sul'^i,* gen. Sul-eo'ruio, the plural 
 of Sulcus, which see. 
 
 Sul-cif'er-us.* [From svl'cus, a 
 "furrow,” and fe'ro, to "bear.”] In 
 Zoology, bearing or having grooves or 
 furrows. 
 
 Sul'cus.* (Fr. Sillon, s&'ybNG'.) A 
 groove, furrow, or trench. Applied in 
 the plural (sid'd) to grooves on the sur- 
 face of bones and other organs. 
 
 Sikl'phas Ba-ry'tae.* ("Sulphate of 
 Baryta.”) See Baryta. 
 
 Sulphas Cal'cis.* ("Sulphate of 
 Lime.”) Gypsum, or plaster of Paris. 
 
 Sulphas Cupri. See Cupri Sul- 
 phas.* 
 
 Sul'plias Fer'ri.* ("Sulphate of 
 Iron.”) A salt occurring in light-green 
 crystals, with a strong styptic taste. 
 Commonly called copperas, or green 
 vitriol. In small or moderate doses, it 
 is astringent and tonic. In an overdose 
 it acts as an irritant poison. 
 
 Sul'phas Mag-ue'si-ae.* ("Sul- 
 phate of Magnesia.”) See Magnesias 
 Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphas Sodae. See Soda: Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Sul'phate. [Sul'phas, a ’tis.] A 
 combination of sulphuric acid with abase. 
 
 Sulphate of Alumina and Am- 
 monia. See Alumen. 
 
 46 
 
 Sulphate of Alumina and Po- 
 
 tassa. See Alumen. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia. See Mag- 
 nesias Sulphas. 
 
 Sul'phate of Nick'el. [Nic'coli 
 Sul'phas.] A salt which is recom- 
 mended as a tonic in cases of obstinate 
 periodic headache. It occurs in emerald- 
 green crystals. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinia (or Quinine). 
 
 See Quinia; Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc. See Zinci Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Sul’phat-ed. [Sulpha'tus.] Con- 
 verted into salts by combination with 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 SuTphide. [Sul' phis, i dis.] A 
 combination of sulphur with a metal or 
 other body. 
 
 Sulphite. [Sul 'phis, i'fw.] A com- 
 bination of sulphurous acid with a base. 
 
 Sfal plio-salt. [Sul'phosol, al/‘s.] 
 A com*pour.d, both elements of which 
 contain sulphur, forming with one an 
 acid, with the other a base. 
 
 Sul'phur,* gen. Sul'phu-ris. [From 
 sal, or sul, a " salt,” and nvp, " fire” ?] (Fr. 
 Sonfre, soofn.) Brimstone. A yellow, 
 inflammable, non-metallic, simple sub- 
 stance, of volcanic origin. It is a non- 
 conductor of electricity. Its specific 
 gravity is 1.99. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name for sublimed sulphur. 
 
 Sulphur, Flowers of. See Flores 
 SULPHURIS. 
 
 Sul'phur Fo'tum.* ("Washed 
 Sulphur.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for sublimed sulphur tho- 
 roughly walshed with water. 
 
 Sulphur, Milk of. See Sulphur 
 Pra:cipitatum. 
 
 Sulphur Frse-cip-I-ta 'turn.* 
 
 ("Precipitated Sulphur.”) The Phar- 
 macopoeial name for a preparation some- 
 times known as the Milk of Sulphur. It 
 possesses the medical properties of sub- 
 limed sulphur. See Sulphur Sublima- 
 tum. 
 
 Sul'phur Ro-tun'dum.* ("Bound 
 Sulphur.”) A name for roll brimstone. 
 
 Sul'phur Sub-Si-ma'tuiu.* (" Sub- 
 limed Sulphur.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for sublimed sulphur 
 which is wholly volatilized by heat. 
 Sulphur is a laxative, diaphoretic, and 
 resolvent. It is much employed, both 
 internally and externally, in cutaneous 
 affections, especially in psora, for which 
 it is regarded as a specific. 
 
 Sul'pfi&u-rat-ed. [Sulphura'tus ; 
 from sul'phur.] Applied to certain sub- 
 537 
 
SUL 
 
 SUP 
 
 stances combined with sulphur: as, sul- 
 phurated antimony (the Antimo'nium sul- 
 phura'tum of the British Pharmacopoeia). 
 
 S w 1 - p tnu - r a/ 1 iosa . [$ w 1 pk « i*a ' tie>, 
 
 o 'nis; from the same.] The state of a 
 simple substance combined with sulphur. 
 
 Sul-phu're-ous. [SulpBm'reus ; 
 from the same.] Belonging to, or hav- 
 ing the qualities of, sulphur. 
 
 Sul'plm-rot. [Snlpfirare'tum ; 
 from the same.] A combination of sul- 
 phur with an alkali, earth, or metal. 
 
 Sul'plm-ret-ted. [SulpE&ure'tiis.] 
 Made into a sulphuret, or combined with 
 sulphur. 
 
 Stil'plmrelted Hy'dro-gen. Hy- 
 dro-sulphuric acid, a noxious gas, con- 
 sisting of hydrogen and sulphur. 
 
 Snl-phu'ric. [SulpEin' rictus; from 
 sul'phur.] Relating to sulphur : applied 
 to an acid obtained from it. See next 
 article. 
 
 Sulpliu'ric A$'id. [A^'Mohbi §>ul- 
 plm'ricum.] Oil of Vitriol. A limpid, 
 colorless, and caustic fluid, which is 
 intensely acid in all its characters even 
 when largely diluted. Anhydrous sul- 
 phuric acid is composed of one atom of 
 sulphur and three of oxygen. The acid, 
 as it usually occurs in commerce, is a 
 compound of one atom of anhydrous acid 
 and one of water. Specific gravity, 1.8. 
 
 Sulphuric Eiher. See Ether, Sul- 
 phuric. 
 
 Sul-phu-rif 'er-ous. [SulpQmirif 
 erus; from sul’pliur, and fc'ro, to 
 “ bear.”] Bearing or containing sulphur. 
 
 Sul'pliu-ris I-od'i-dum. * (“ Iodide 
 of Sulphur.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for a substance of a grayish- 
 black color, with a crystalline radiated 
 appearance. Made into an ointment, it 
 has been found useful in various cuta- 
 neous affections. 
 
 Sul-pliu-ro'sa.^ [From sul'phur .] 
 A class of resolvent spanmmics, includ- 
 ing sulphur, the alkaline sulphurets, etc. 
 
 Sul'pliu-rous. [SuBpIlmro'sus ; 
 from sul'phur.] Of the nature of sul- 
 phur, or containing sulphur. Applied 
 to an acid obtained from it. 
 
 Sum. =sSu'mo,* to “take,” Sumen'- 
 du8* to “be taken;” also Kummita'tes , * 
 “ the tops.” 
 
 Su'iuach. A dye-stuff obtained from 
 the Rhus coriaria and Rhus cotinus. In 
 calico-printing, sumach affords a yellow 
 color. See Rnrs Glabra. 
 
 Num'bul Root. [Arabic Sumbul, an 
 “ear,” or “spike.”] A drug recently 
 imported from Russia and India, and 
 533 
 
 employed as a remedy for cholera. Its 
 botanical origin is unknown. 
 
 Sum mer Corn-plaint'. A popular 
 name for diarrhoea (or cholera) infantum. 
 
 Sum'inl-tas,* plural Sum-mi-ta'- 
 tes. [From sum'mus , “highest.”] A 
 term for the highest part, or top: e.g. of 
 a plant. 
 
 Sun-Burning 1 . See ^Estates. 
 
 Sun-Stroke. See Coup de Soleil. 
 
 Sti'per. [Gr. virip, “above.”] A 
 Latin preposition, signifying “ above,” 
 “upon,” “beyond,” “in addition to,” or 
 “more than.” 
 
 Su-per'bras.* A Latin word signi- 
 fying “proud.” Sometimes applied tc 
 two muscles, the levator menti and rectus 
 superior, from the expression of pride 
 which their action imparts. See Rectus 
 Superior Oculi. 
 
 Su-per-ciS l-a-ry. [Supercilia'- 
 ras.] Belonging to the superciiium. 
 
 Su-per-cil'I-uim.* [From su'per , 
 “above,” and cil'ium , the “eyelid.”] 
 (Fr. Sourcil, soor's6'.) The eyebrow. 
 
 Su-per-fe-cun-tla'tion. [Super- 
 foecunda'tio, o 'nis; from su'per, 
 “over,” and foecun'dus, “fruitful.”] The 
 same as Superfetation, which see. 
 
 Sw-per-fe-ta'tion. [Superfoeta'- 
 tio, o 'nis; from su'per , “ over,” “ in addi- 
 tion to,” and foe'tus.~] A second impreg- 
 nation taking place before the first has 
 run its course; while generally denied 
 by obstetricians, the possibility of its oc- 
 currence is maintained by many physi- 
 ologists. 
 
 Su-per-im-preg-iBa'tiom. [Su- 
 perimpregma'tio, o 'nis; from su'per f 
 “ over,” or “ in addition to,” and impveg- 
 na'tio, a “conception.”] The same as 
 Superfetation, which see. 
 
 Su-po'ri-or.* [Comparative degree 
 of su'perus, “upper,” “high.”] A term 
 sometimes applied to a calyx which is 
 adherent or adnate to the ovary; also to 
 the ovary when it is free or not adherent. 
 
 SmperBor Areli, or Superior Ver- 
 tebral Arch. Sec Vertebral Arch. 
 
 Supe'rior Au'ris.* (“ Upper [Mus- 
 cle] of the Ear.”) A muscle of the ex- 
 ternal ear, arising from the aponeurosis 
 of the occipito-froutalis and inserted into 
 the back part of the anthelix. It lifts 
 the ear upwards. 
 
 Su-per-na'tarat. [Superna'tams; 
 
 from su’per, “above,” and na'to, to 
 “swim.”] Floating above or upon the 
 surface. 
 
 Su'per-s&lt. [Su'porsal, al/s.] A 
 
 salt having the acid in excess. 
 
SUP 
 
 SUR 
 
 Sn-pi-na'tion. [Supina'tao, o'nis; 
 from supi'no, supina'tum , to ‘May or 
 place with the face upwards/’] The act 
 of turning the palm of the hand upwards. 
 In Pathology, the position of a person 
 lying on his back with the arms and legs 
 extended. 
 
 Su-pi-na't©r, o'r ?«.* [From the 
 same.] Applied to a muscle that turns 
 the palm of the hand upwards. 
 
 $u-pine'. [Supi'ims, “lying on 
 the back,” “idle.”] In Botany, lying 
 flat, with face upwards. 
 
 Sup'ple-ment. [Supplemen'- 
 taaan ; from sup'pleo , to “ till up,” to 
 “supply” any thing that is deficient.] 
 Literally, the “ supplying” of any thing. 
 The supplement of an arc or angle is that 
 which must be added to it in order to 
 make a semicircle, or 180°. 
 
 Sup-pos'I-to-ry. [Supposito'- 
 rium; from sub , “under,” and po'tio, 
 pos'itum, to “place.”] A substance put 
 in the rectum to be retained there till 
 gradually dissolved. 
 
 Snappressi© Mensium,* sup- 
 presh'e-o men'she-um. (“Suppression 
 of the Menses.”) See Amenorriicea, 
 and Menostasia. 
 
 $up-pi*es'si©n. [Sinppres'sio, 
 
 o'nis; from sup' primo, suppres' sum, to 
 “press under,” to “put a stop to.”] Com- 
 plete stoppage, or non- secretion. In 
 B itany, an obliteration of organs or parts. 
 
 Kuppurant. See Suppurative. 
 
 Snp'pn-rate. [Suppu'ro, Sup- 
 pura'tuiiii; from sub, “under,” or “be- 
 neath,” and pus, pu'ris, “matter.”] To 
 form matter beneath the skin or within 
 the body ; to fester. 
 
 Siap-pu-ra't£©n. [Suppura'tio, 
 o'nis; from the same.] One of the ter- 
 minations of inflammation by which pus 
 is formed; a gathering of matter; a 
 festering. 
 
 Sup'pu-ra-tflves. [From the same.] 
 Medicines which promote suppuration ; 
 a variety of cpispastics, producing phleg- 
 monous inflammation. 
 
 Su'pra. A Latin preposition, signi- 
 fying “ above,” “ superior to.” 
 
 Su'pra-Ax'il-Ba-ry. [From su'pra, 
 “above,” and axil' la, an “armpit,” or 
 “ axil.”] Above the axil of a leaf. 
 
 Su-pra-c©s-ta'les.* [From su'pra, 
 “above,” and cos'ta, a “rib.”] A desig- 
 nation of the levatores costarum muscles, 
 from their lying above or upon the ribs. 
 
 Su-pra-de-c©BM-p©Minid'. Several 
 times compounded. Applied to leaves. 
 
 Su'pra- J u-ras'sic. [Supra- Juras'- 
 
 siens; from su'pra, “above,” and Ju - 
 r as' sic.] Applied to a group of sedi- 
 mentary rocks, comprehending the supe- 
 rior Jurassic. 
 
 Su'pra-©c-<‘ip'5-tal. [Supraoc- 
 cipita'liN; from su'pra, “above,” and 
 occipita'lis os, the “occipital bone.”] 
 Proposed by Owen for the large upper 
 part of the occipital bone. 
 
 Su-pra-©r bi-tal. [Supraorbi ta- 
 ils, and Supraorbita'rlus ; from su'- 
 pra, “above,” and or’bita, the “orbit.”] 
 Above the orbit : supra-orbitary. 
 
 Su-pra-re'nal. [SispraroiaaTis ; 
 from su'pra, “ above,” and ren, the 
 “kidney.”] Above the kidney. 
 
 Su-pra-scap'u-Iar. [Suprascap- 
 u laris; from su'pra, “above,” and 
 scaj/ida.] Above the scapula, or shoul- 
 der-blade. 
 
 Su-pra-spii'nal. [Stipraspina'lis, 
 
 or Supraspina'tus; from su'pra , 
 “above,” and spi'ua, a “spine.”] Above 
 or upon the spine of the back ; also, 
 above the spine of the scapula. Applied 
 to a muscle arising from above the spine 
 of the scapula and inserted into the 
 humerus. It raises the arm. 
 
 Su'ra/ The calf of the leg, consist- 
 ing principally of the sole' us and yastro- 
 cne'mius muscles. 
 
 Sur'cudose. [From sur'culus, a 
 “ sucker.”] Producing suckers. 
 
 Sur'cu-lus.* A Latin word signify- 
 ing a “ shoot,” or “ scion.” In Botany, 
 synonymous with Sucker, which see. 
 
 Sur'di-ty. [Sur'ditas, a 'tis; from 
 sur'clus, “ deaf.”] Deafness ; dulness of 
 hearing. 
 
 Siir-do-mu'ti-tas, a' tis* [From 
 sur'dus, “deaf,” and mu' his, “dumb.”] 
 The state of deafness and dumbness. 
 
 Sur'dus.* (Fr. Sourd, soor.) A 
 Latin word signifying “ deaf.” Applied 
 both to those who are entirely destitute 
 of the sense of hearing, and to those 
 whose hearing is imperfect. 
 
 Sureati, sii'ro'. The French name 
 for “elder.” See Sambucus. 
 
 Sur'feit, sur'fit. [From the French 
 surfaire, to “overdo.”] Excess of food 
 or drink, generally attended with a sense 
 of nausea, oppression of the stomach, 
 with impeded perspiration, and some- 
 times eruptions on the skin. 
 
 Stir'g , eosi. [Lat. CMrur'g'iis ; Gr. 
 Xcipovpydg, from X^P, the “ hand,” and 
 epyov, a “work;” Fr. Chirurgien, sh£’- 
 riiR'zhe-aN G '.) A practitioner in surgery. 
 
 Sur geon - A-potli'e-ca-ry. One 
 who unites the practice of surgery with 
 539 
 
SUR 
 
 SUT 
 
 t&at of the apothecary. See General 
 Practitioner. 
 
 Sur'g , e©aa-l>en / tist, or Dem'tist 
 Prop'er [from dens, den'tis, a “tooth”]. 
 One who performs operations on the 
 natural teeth. Used in contradistinction 
 to a mechanical dentist, who prepares or 
 adapts artificial teeth. 
 
 $ua*'g , e-ry. [Lat. CBiiirto»'g , ia ; Gr. 
 Xupo’pyia, from x^P, the “hand,” and 
 epyov, a “ work.”] That branch of the 
 healing art which teaches the proper use 
 of manual operations for the preserva- 
 tion or restoration of health, including 
 such general medicinal and dietetic 
 treatment as the proper performance of 
 Such operations may render necessary. 
 
 Snr'gl-cal. [C&iarur'gicns; from 
 the same.] Relating to surgery. 
 
 Siis,* gen. Su'is. [Gr. rv.] The hog. 
 A genus of animals of the class Mamma- 
 lia , order Pachi/dermata. 
 
 Sus Scro'fa.* The systematic name 
 of the hog, the fat of which affords lard. 
 
 g ns-cep-ti-Ml'i-ty^ [From suscip'io, 
 suscep'tum, to “receive,” or “undergo.”] 
 Sensibility ; impressibility. 
 
 Suspended Animation. See As- 
 phyxia. 
 
 Sus-pen'sion. [Suspen'sio, o'nis,; 
 from su8pen' do, suspen'sum, to “hang 
 up.”] The state of solid particles that 
 are diffused in water, or other solvent, 
 but are not dissolved, and may be sepa- 
 rated from the solvent by filtration. Also, 
 hanging; one of the causes producing 
 Asphyxia Suffocationis, which see. 
 
 Sns-pen-so'rl-um Mep'actis.* 
 (“ Suspensory of the Liver.”) The broad 
 ligament of the liver. 
 
 Sus-pen-so'ri-us TTes'tis.* (“ Sus- 
 pensory [Muscle] of the Testicle.”) 
 Another name for the Cremaster mus- 
 cle, which see. 
 
 Siis-pen'so-ry. [Suspense 'ranis ; 
 
 from suspen' do, suspen'sum, to “ hang 
 up.”] Suspending. 
 
 Suspen'sory. [Suspeuso'rium ; 
 from the same.] Literally, “any thing 
 that suspends.” Usually applied to a 
 suspensory bag, or bandage, for support- 
 ing the scrotum, that the weight of the 
 testicles may not draw on the spermatic 
 cord. 
 
 Sus-pir'X-um.* [From suspi'ro , to 
 “ breathe deeply,” to “sigh.”] A Latin 
 word signifying a “deep, short, or 
 labored breathing;” a “sigh.” 
 
 Su-sur'rus.* A whisper, or low 
 muttering. 
 
 Su-tu'ra.* [From su'o, su'tum, to ! 
 
 540 ‘ 
 
 “ sew together.”] A “ suture,” or “ seam.” 
 Applied in Anatomy to the junction of 
 the bones of the cranium by a serrated 
 line resembling the stitches of a seam. 
 The following varieties of suture are 
 especially deserving of notice: — 
 
 1. Sutu'ra Denta'ta* (“Dentate Su- 
 ture”), in which the processes are long 
 and tooth-like, as in the interparietal 
 suture of the skull. 
 
 2. Sutu'ra Serra'ta* (“Serrate Su- 
 ture”), in which the processes are small 
 and fine like the teeth of a saw, as in 
 the suture between the two portions of 
 the frontal bone. 
 
 3. Sutu'ra Limbo'sa* (“Bordered 
 Suture”), in which, together with the 
 dentuted margins, there is a degree of 
 bevelling of one, so that one bone rests 
 on the other, as in the occipito-parietal 
 suture. 
 
 The following are named according to 
 their situation on the skull : — 
 
 1. Sutu'ra Corona'lis* (“Coronal 
 Suture”), which passes transversely over 
 the skull, and is named from its being 
 situated at that part of the head upon 
 which the corona, or crown, given to the 
 conquerors in the games, was formerly 
 placed. 
 
 2. Sutu'ra Sagitta'lis* (“Sagittal 
 Suture”), which passes from the middle 
 of the superior margin of the frontal to 
 the angle of the occipital bone, and is 
 named from its arrow-like or straight 
 course. It is sometimes continued down 
 the frontal bone to the nose: this part is 
 then named the frontal suture. 
 
 3. Sutu'ra L ambroid a'lis* (“Lamb- 
 doidal Suture”), which begins at the ter- 
 mination of the sagittal suture and ex- 
 tends on each side to the base of the 
 cranium : it is named from its resem- 
 blance to the Greek A (lambda). 
 
 4. Sutu'ra Squamo'sa* (“Squamous 
 Suture”), which joins the squamous por- 
 tion of the temporal bone to the parietal. 
 
 Saatonra Coroaaalis. See Coronal 
 Suture. 
 
 Sai'tai-ral. [Snntiira'flis: from sutu'- 
 ra, a “suture.”] Relating to, or having, 
 a suture. 
 
 Soa'tairo. [Swtai'ra; from su'o , su'- 
 tum , to “ sew together.”] Literally, a 
 “sewing,” or “seam.” The union of 
 flat bones by their margins. A species 
 of synarthrosis; a dovetailing mode of 
 articulation, the most solid of the four 
 forms of synarthrosis. It occurs in the 
 union of the flat bones of the skull with 
 each other. (See Sutura.) In Botany, 
 
SUT 
 
 SYM 
 
 the seam (or line of opening) of a pod 
 or capsule. In Surgery, the drawing to- 
 gether of the lips of a wound by sewing. 
 
 Su ture, Dry. [Sutu'ra Sic'ca.] 
 The application of a piece of adhesive 
 plaster, having a selvage, along each 
 side of a wound (the selvages opposing 
 each other), and then drawing them to- 
 gether by sewing them with a common 
 needle. 
 
 Su'ture, Glov'er’s. The introducing 
 of a needle and thread into one lip of the 
 wound from within outwards; then into 
 the other in the same way. It is now 
 abandoned as unsuitable. 
 
 Su'ture, In-ter-mp'ted, Su'ture, 
 Knot'ted. A number of stitches tied 
 separately at short distances from each 
 other, to keep together the lips of a 
 wound. 
 
 Su'ture, Twist'ed. The winding of 
 a ligature in the form of the figure 8 
 round the ends of a pin inserted through 
 both lips of a wound. 
 
 S. V. = Spir'itus vi'ni* “ Spirit of 
 wine." 
 
 S. V. Et. = Spir’itus vi’ni rectified' tus .* 
 “Rectified spirit of wine." 
 
 SwaMowing 1 , IMMculty of. See 
 
 Dysphagia. 
 
 Sweat. [Lat. Su'dor, o'r is; Gr. 
 u'/xtfy: Fr. Sueur, sU'ur'.] Perspiration. 
 Usually applied to excessive perspiration 
 resulting from hard exercise, mental ex- 
 citement, or medicinal applications, rather 
 than the natural perspiration of health. 
 
 Sweating;. See Sudation. 
 
 Sweating* Fever. See Anglicus 
 Sudor. 
 
 Sweating, Morbid. See Ephidro- 
 sis. 
 
 Sweat'ing Siclk'ness. [Su'dor 
 Anglaca'iius.] See Anglicus Sudor. 
 
 Sweet Bay. The Lau'rus Nob'ilis, 
 or True Laurel. A tree of the natural 
 order Lanracese. Its leaves and berries 
 are fragrant, aromatic, and astringent. 
 See Bay Berries. 
 
 Sweet Bread. A name for the Pan- 
 creas, which see. 
 
 Sweet-Scent'ed Flag. A common 
 name for the Acorus Calamus, which 
 see. 
 
 Sweet Spir'it of Ni'tre. The Spir- 
 itus jEtheris Nitrosi, which see. 
 
 Swelling. See Tumefaction. 
 
 Swie-te'na-a Fe-brif'u»ga,* or 
 Soy 'ml -da Febrif'uga.* *An East 
 Indian tree of the Linnsean class Decan- 
 dria, natural order Cedrelacese, or Melia- 
 cese. Its bark possesses tonic properties, 
 46 * 
 
 and is used in India as a substitute foi 
 Peruvian bark. 
 
 Swiete'nia Ma-tiag'o-ni* or Ma» 
 liog'a-ni.* The systematic name of tho 
 mahogany-tree, which is a native of 
 tropical America. It belongs to tho 
 natural order Cedrelacese. 
 
 Swine'-Pox. A species of varicella, 
 in which the vesicles are pointed and the 
 fluid clear throughout. 
 
 Swinging. See JEora. 
 
 Swooning. See Deliquium Animi, 
 Leipothymia, and Syncope. 
 
 Sword-Shaped. See Ensate, Ensi- 
 form, and Gladiate. 
 
 SyaBadenitis. See Sialadenitis. 
 
 Sy-co'ma, a tin.* [From avxov, a “fig."] 
 A term for a wart, or warty excrescence, 
 somewhat like a fig, on the eyelid, anus, 
 or other part of the body. 
 
 Sy-co'iBi-um,* or Syc'o-nus.* 
 [From ovkou, a “fig."] An aggregate 
 fruit, like the fig. 
 
 Sy-co'sis.* The growth or formation 
 of sycoma; more particularly, an erup- 
 tive disease, in which there are inflamed 
 and somewhat hard tubercles clustering 
 together in irregular patches about the 
 beard and on the scalp. 
 
 Sy'e-nite, or Si'o-nite. [From Sye’ne, 
 a town in Egypt, where it is found.] A 
 granitic aggregate of quartz, felspar, and 
 hornblende. 
 
 Syl'la-bus.* [From avv, “together," 
 and \ajxfidvo), to “take:" hence, ai>\\a6e Tv, 
 to “ comprehend."] An index or com- 
 pendium containing the chief heads of a 
 treatise or lecture, or of a series of lec- 
 tures. 
 
 Syl-vat'i-cus.* The same as Syl- 
 vestris, which see. 
 
 S.yl-ves'tB*is.* [From syl’va, a 
 “wood."] Growing or living in woods 
 or forests. Applied to various plants. 
 
 Syl-vac'o-lus.* [From syl’va, a 
 “forest," and co'lo, to “inhabit."] Liv- 
 ing: in woods or forests. 
 
 Sylvii Aquaectuctus. See Aque- 
 duct of Sylvius. 
 
 §ym. A prefix having the same force 
 as Syn, which see. 
 
 Sym-blepEa'a-roii,* or Sym-blepli'- 
 a-ruiu.* [From avv , “together," and 
 fi\z<paio>, the “eyelid."] Adhesion of the 
 eyelid, chiefly the upper, to the eyeball. 
 
 Sym'bol. [Lat. Sym'feoltim ; Gr. 
 cv[xSo\ov, from o-?’/i5aXXw, to “put together," 
 to “compare."] Literally, “something 
 compared or likened to another hence, 
 a type, emblem, or sign. 
 
 Sym'bols, Cliem'I-cal, otherwise 
 541 
 
SYM 
 
 SYN 
 
 termed Cliem'ical Ab-bre-vi-a'lions. 
 
 An abbreviated mode of expressing the 
 composition of bodies. The elementary 
 substances, instead of being written at 
 full length, are indicated by the first 
 letter of their names, a second letter 
 being employed when more than one 
 substance begins with the same letter: 
 thus, C stands for Carbon, At for Alumi- 
 nium, As for Arsenic, etc. See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 §ym*met'ri>ca1. [SymmetVicus ; 
 
 from symme'tria, “ symmetry.”] Having 
 symmetry; formed with proper propor- 
 tions. Applied to flowers which have an 
 equal number of parts in each whorl. 
 
 Sym'me-try. [Symme'tria; from 
 avv, “together,” and perpecn, to “measure.”] 
 Adaptation, or the most proper relation of 
 the measure of parts to each other and 
 to the whole ; proportion. Also applied 
 to the resemblance which exists in many 
 organs that are situated on each side of 
 the median line. 
 
 Sym-pa-thet'ic. [Sympatfiet/i- 
 
 cus; from sympathy a , “sympathy.”] 
 Having, or pertaining to, sympathy; de- 
 pending on sympathy. 
 
 Sympathetic Action. See Reflex 
 Action. 
 
 Sympathetic Bu'bo. Inflamma- 
 tian of a gland arising from mere irrita- 
 tion, not from syphilis nor gonorrhoea. 
 
 Sympathetic Nerve. See Tri- 
 splanchnic Nerve. 
 
 Sym-path'ic. [Sympath'icus.] 
 Relating to sympathy. Synonymous 
 with Sympathetic. 
 
 Sym'pa-thy. [Sympathi'a; from 
 ovyTraSsu), to “suffer with.”] The feeling 
 or suffering in common, to which differ- 
 ent parts of the body are subject. See 
 Relations, Organic. 
 
 Sym-pci'a-lous. [From avv, “to- 
 gether,” and 7 rkraKoj, a “ petal.”] Applied 
 to flowers which become somewhat mono- 
 petalous by a junction of the base of the 
 petals with the monadelphous stamens. 
 
 Sym-pho-re'sis.* [From avv, “to- 
 gether,” and (pope o>, to “carry.”] Syno- 
 nymous with Congestion, which see. 
 
 Synn-phor-i-car'pus.* [From avv , 
 “together,” (bip(o, to “bear,” and Kapm 5?, 
 “fruit.”] Rearing fruit clustered to- 
 gether. 
 
 Sym'phy-»is.* [Fromtrtiy. “together,” 
 and (fjvcn, to “produce.”] The natural 
 union of bones by means of an inter- 
 vening substance; a variety of Synar- 
 throsis, which see. In Botany, a grow- 
 ing together of parts. 
 
 542 
 
 Sym physis Pu bis.* (“Symphysis 
 of the Pubes.”) The pubic articulation, 
 or union of the ossa pubis , which are 
 connected with each other by cartilage. 
 
 Sy m-phy •sot'o*my. [SympEiyso- 
 to'mia; from sym'physis pu'bis, and 
 Teyvu, to “cut.”] The operation of cut- 
 ting or dividing the symphysis pubis ; 
 otherwise termed the Sigaultian Ope- 
 ration. 
 
 $ym-pliy-ste'mo-iiotis. [From 
 
 sym'physis , a “growing together,” and 
 oTrjpuv, a “stamen.”] Having the sta- 
 mens united. 
 
 Sym'phy-tum Of-fi$>i-na'le.* The 
 
 systematic name for Comfrey, a plant of 
 the Linnaean class Pentandria, natural 
 order Boraginacese. The roots are very 
 mucilaginous, and are used as emollients. 
 
 Sym-pi'e-sis.* [From<m/, “together,” 
 and 7 risaig, a “pressing.”] A pressing or 
 squeezing together; compression. 
 
 Sym-pl-e-som'e-ter. [Sympie- 
 som'etrum; from sympi’esis, and pcrpov, 
 a “measure.”] An instrument by which 
 to ascertain the degree of pressure of the 
 atmosphere; a barometer, or measurer 
 of pressure. 
 
 Symptom. [Sympto'ma, sit is ; 
 
 from ovyirTcoya, a “chance;” hence, some- 
 thing accidental.] A concurring circum- 
 stance happening simultaneously with 
 the disease, and serving to point out its 
 nature, character, and seat. 
 
 Symp-to-mat'ic. [Sysmptomat'i- 
 cus; from the same.] Relating to symp- 
 toms. Applied to a disease which is a 
 symptom of another. 
 
 Symp v to-ma-tog , 'ra-pBiy. [Symp- 
 tomatog’ra'phia; from avpnrojpa, a 
 “chance,” or “symptom,” and ypc0o>, to 
 “write.”] A description of the signs or 
 symptoms of disease. 
 
 Sympto-ma-toro-gy. [Sympto- 
 matolo'g’ia; from ovpnrojpci, a “chance,” 
 or “ symptom,” and Xoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
 The branch of Pathology which treats of 
 symptoms or signs; scmeiology. 
 
 Syn (avv). A Greek preposition sig- 
 nifying “with,” “together with;” often 
 implying union, harmony, or symmetry. 
 Sometimes it is intensive. Before (6), 
 p ( m ), t r (p) f or 0 (]>h), the v is usually 
 changed to p, and before X (/) t j tho same 
 letter : as, avp(3o\ov for avvpoXov, avpperpia for 
 awpzrpia, ovpmiQcia for a vvTruOcta, a XXoyiop'i 
 for anv\oytap6$, etc. When avv precedes a 
 word beginning witlia («), tho v is usually 
 dropped : hence, we havo avarnpa, and not 
 ovvarnpa. 
 
 Before the Greek letters y, k, and 
 
SYN 
 
 syist 
 
 X , the v is changed to y: thus, we have 
 aoyyereaiq for ovvyUcoiq, avyK\oroq for <tvpk\o- 
 roq, and ovyxvciq for <rvi>X i,ffl S> 
 
 Syift-aii'tDBe-ra?,'' : ' : ' or SJyim-am-ttlhe'- 
 re-se.'* [See next article.] A synonym 
 for the Composite, which see. 
 
 Syn-am'tlhe-rm&s. [Synantlhe'- 
 
 reaas; from cvr , " together,” and anthe'ra , 
 an " anther.”] Having stamens joined 
 together by anthers, and forming a tube 
 round the style. 
 
 Syn'ap-tase. A term sometimes ap- 
 plied to Amygdalin. 
 
 !§y n-ar-t E d c*o ' T he same as 
 Synarthrosis, which see. 
 
 Sy'n-ar-fhro'tiX-al. [SymartCtro- 
 
 clia'liis.] Belonging to synarthrodia. 
 
 SyiB-aB*-4Eiivo's£s.' ;: ' [From avv, u to- 
 gether/’ and apOpov, a " joint.”] An im- 
 movable joint, applied to a class of ar- 
 ticulations, having three varieties, Sutura , 
 Gomphosis , and Symphysis. 
 
 ®yia'carp. [ISyncar'pfliiiiKi, $yra- 
 car'pfLim, or Symcar'puy; from <rvv, 
 " together,” and Kapnoq, "fruit.”] A com- 
 pound fruit resulting from the coherence 
 of several carpels, or fleshy ovaries. 
 
 Sym-car'poMS. [From the same.] 
 Formed of two or more united carpels, 
 as the orange. 
 
 Syn-cfifloini-dlro'sis.*' [From cvj, "to- 
 gether,” and x^9°h a "cartilage.”] A 
 union of bones by intervening cartilage; 
 a species of symphysis , as of the^m&es. 
 
 SyM-cIla©n-*3B»©4'o-my. [SyEneEBCua- 
 droto'mia.; from synchondro'sis , and 
 repyco, to "cut.”] The operation of divid- 
 ing a cartilaginous union of bones. Ap- 
 plied particularly to the division of the 
 symphysis pubis. 
 
 Sjfc-cBnron'I-eal. The same as Syn- 
 chronous. 
 
 Syn'-eEniro-iM&us. [{§ym'eItoB*©naias • 
 from evv, "together,” and xp^os, "time.”] 
 Happening at the same time. The pul- 
 sations of an artery arc nearly synchro- 
 nous with those of the heart. 
 
 Sysa'cEuy-sis.* [From a 'yxtu, to "con- 
 found.”] A mingling, or confounding, 
 of the humors of the eye in consequence 
 of tho rupture of the internal membrane 
 and capsule by a blow; also, a dissolu- 
 tion of the vitreous humor, or destruc- 
 tion of its consistence. 
 
 Syn'eSfcysSs, ^pasd'S/HEDg’. A species 
 in which sparks flash before the eyes. 
 
 Sym-cli'imal. [SysncBi'imins; from 
 <rvv, "together,” and c li'no, to "bend,” 
 or "incline.”] Inclining or bending to- 
 gether, or towards each other. 
 
 Syraeli'iaal Ax'is. An imaginary 
 
 lino passing along the middle of a valley 
 the strata of which dip in opposite di- 
 rections and incline towards this line. 
 
 Syn'clo-ntis.* [From aw;', "together,” 
 and k\opo;, "tumultuous motion.”] A 
 genus of Good’s Nosology, comprising 
 diseases characterized by tremulous and 
 simultaneous clonic agitation of tho 
 muscles, more particularly when exerted 
 under influence of the will. 
 
 Syn'clonuis B&l-lfls'nms.* Tho 
 shaking palsy; the Scelotyrbe festinans 
 of Be Sauvagcs. 
 
 Sy’ii'co-pe.* [From cvr, intensive, 
 and kottto), to "cut,” or "cut short,” to 
 "strike.”] (Fr. Euanouissement , &V&'- 
 nw&ss'moN®'.) Literally, a "cutting 
 short” of one’s strength. Swooning or 
 fainting. The statj termed JJeliquium 
 animi , being a suspension of respiratitn 
 and the heart’s action, complete or partial. 
 A genus of the order Adynamia, class 
 Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 SyEE-c©ip'tiic. [Synoeop'tiieMs; from 
 syn'copc.] Belonging to, also causing, 
 syncope. 
 
 Syn-eot'y-Bed'©-irc®«is. [Sync©ty- 
 lecI'oBEEEs; from ovj, "together,” and 
 Kor.\r)6iv, a "cotyledon.”] Having tho 
 cotyledons soldered together. 
 
 Byn-des-mi'iiiiSjicZf?.^* [From oikcW- 
 poq, a "ligament.”] Inflammation of the 
 ligaments. 
 
 SyEi-€fles-iii©^'ra-jpEny. [Synides- 
 naMJ^ra'jDMa; from cvyfieopoq, a "liga- 
 ment,” and ypu0w, to "write.”] A de- 
 scription of the ligaments. 
 
 SyBKles-naiicll'o-^y* [Syiulesm©!©'- 
 G’ia; from oxubeopoq, a "ligament,” and 
 \6) oq, a "discourse.”] A treatise on liga- 
 ments; or the science of ligaments. 
 
 §yaa-des'EM©s.* [From avv, "to- 
 gether,” and kepoq, a "band.”] That 
 which binds together : hence, a ligament. 
 
 Syni-dGS-Emo'sis.* [From ovvfoapoq, a 
 "ligament.”] Union of bones by liga- 
 ment, as of the radius and ulna; a spe- 
 cies of symphysis. 
 
 SyiMSes-Biiot'o-my. [Syndesm©- 
 
 t©'mia; from cvrdeapoq, a "ligament,” 
 and Tcpuco, to "cut.”] Dissection of the 
 articular ligaments. 
 
 Syia-e-dii'a.* [From cwkxeia, "con- 
 tinuity.”] Adhesion of the iris to tho 
 cornea, then termr jd Synechia anterior; or 
 to the capsule of the lens, called Syn- 
 echia posterior. 
 
 SyBi-e'ma,* more correctly Syn-iie- 
 [From avv, "together,” and vnpa, 
 a "thread,” or "filament.”] A name for 
 a column of monadelphous filaments. 
 
 513 
 
SYN 
 
 SYN 
 
 Syn-er'gic. [Syner'gicns.] Re- 
 lating to synergy. 
 
 Syai'er-gy. [Synergi'a; from cvv, 
 “together,” and epyov, a ‘‘work/’] The 
 combined action of several organs di- 
 rected to one end, as in digestion. 
 
 Syn-ge-ne'si-gu* [See next article.] 
 A Linna3an class of plants having the 
 anthers united in a ring or tube, as in 
 all Compositae. 
 
 Syn-ge-aie'si-otis, or sin-jc-ncc'shus. 
 [S.yn^eaie'siMii ; from cvv, “ together, ” 
 and ykvtug, “generation,” or “produc- 
 tion.”] Literally, “produced or grow- 
 ing together.” Having anthers united 
 into a tube, the filaments being mostly 
 separate and distinct. 
 
 Syai-I-ze'sis,* or Syaa-e-sii'sis.* 
 [From covi^o ) , to “sit or sink together,” 
 to “collapse,” to “shrink up.”] A term 
 applied to the contraction or obliteration 
 of the pupil of the eye. It is often con- 
 genital, but sometimes the result of dis- 
 ease or accident. 
 
 &y it- aieia-ro 'sis.* [From cvv, “to- 
 gether,” and vcvpow, to “nerve.”]. Union 
 of bones by intervening membrane; a 
 species of symphysis. 
 
 Syai'o-elia.* [From cvvoxo;, “unin- 
 termitted;” from cvvkxoy, to “hold to- 
 gether,” to “continue.”] A pure inflam- 
 matory fever. A genus of the order 
 Fcbres, class Pyrexiae , of Cullen’s Nosol- 
 ogy. 
 
 Syai'o- vims.* [Gr.triLoxo;.] Applied 
 t ) mixed fever. A genus of the order 
 Fcbres, class Pyrexiae, of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. 
 
 Syai-ocl'ic, 'or Syn-od'i-cal. [Syn- 
 otl'icus ; from cvvohg, a “ meeting.”] 
 Applied to a lunar month, or the time 
 between two conjunctions of the sun 
 and moon, consisting of twenty-nine 
 days, twelve hours, and about forty-four 
 minutes. 
 
 Synonym. See Synony^e. 
 
 Synonyine, or Synonym, sin'o- 
 nim. [Gr. cu vjjvvyog, “of like name or 
 meaning;” from cvv, “with,” and dvoya, 
 a “name.”] One of two words in the 
 same language which have the same or 
 a similar signification. An equivalent 
 or superseded name. 
 
 Syii-on'^-my. [Synonym'ia; from 
 the same.] The use of synonymes: that 
 which relates to synonymes, or the 
 expression of the same meaning by dif- 
 ferent words. 
 
 Syn-op'sis.* [From cvv, “ together,” 
 and o^/tf, a “view.”] A collective view 
 of any subject; a compendious state- 
 544 
 
 ment ; a collection of things so arranged 
 as to present the principal parts in a 
 general view. 
 
 Syn-os-te-og'ra-pliy. [Synosteo- 
 gra'phia ; from cvv, “together,” oerkov, 
 a “bone,” and ypaepoy, to “write.”] A 
 description of the joints. 
 
 Syffl-©s-te*ol'o-gy. [Synosteolo'- 
 gia ; from cvv, “ together,” ocriov, a 
 “ bone,” and \6yog, a “ discourse.”] The 
 doctrine of the joints; a treatise on the 
 joints. 
 
 Syn-os-te-oph'y-tum.* [From cvv, 
 “ together,” dcreov, a “ bone,” and < pvruv , 
 a “ plant.”] Congenital osseous growth : 
 a syn osteophyte. 
 
 Syii-os-te-o'sis.* [From cvv, “to- 
 gether,” and qct'zoj , a “ bone.”] Union 
 of bones by ossific deposit. 
 
 Syn-os-te-ot'o-Eiay. [Sysaosteo- 
 to'mia ; from cvv, “ together,” ojtzov, a 
 “ bone,” and rtyv co, to “ cut.”] Dissec- 
 tion of the joints. 
 
 Syn-o'vi-a.* [Supposed to be de- 
 rived from cvv, perhaps implying union 
 or close resemblance, and cjov, an “egg,” 
 on account of its resemblance to the 
 white of an egg.] The unctuous fluid 
 secretion of certain glands in the joints, 
 with which the cartilaginous surfaces of 
 the articulating heads of bones are lubri- 
 cated and their motions facilitated. 
 
 Syn-o'vi-al. [Synovia' las.] Re- 
 lating to the synovia. 
 
 Syn-o-vi'tis, i dis* [From syno- 
 via' lis, “ synovial.”] Inflammation of a 
 synovial membrane. 
 
 Syn-4e-no'sis.* [From cvv, “to- 
 gether,” and tsv(ov, a “ tendon.”] A kind 
 of articulation in which the bones are 
 connected by tendons. 
 
 Syn-tlaer anal. [Syntlier'iaialns ; 
 from cvv, “together with,” and Oipyrj, 
 “heat.”] Of equal heat or temperature. 
 
 Syn'tlie-sis.* [From cvv, “together,” 
 and TiOnyi, to “put,” or “ place.”] Lite- 
 rally, “putting together,” or composition. 
 The formation of a compound substance 
 by the union of several distinct elements; 
 the opposite of analysis. Also, a surgical 
 operation which consists in uniting parts 
 which have been divided. 
 
 Syn-tliet'ic. [Synthetic*©*.] Re- 
 lating to synthesis, or effected by syn- 
 thesis. Synthetic operations in Chemis- 
 try are those in which compounds are 
 formed by the union of elements, or 
 component substances. 
 
 Syn'to-iiin, or fty 11 '* 0 - 11 * 11 ^* [From 
 ewreivo), to “stretch,” or “ draw ;” refer- 
 ring to the peculiar property of muscular 
 
SYP 
 
 SYR 
 
 fibre.] A name given by Lehmann to a 
 peculiar substance obtained from muscu- 
 lar libre by the action of dilute muriatic 
 acid. 
 
 Sypli-i-lel'cos,* or £$pfli-i-lel'cus.* 
 
 [From syph'ilis, and c\ko;, an “ ulcer. 5 '] 
 A venereal or syphilitic ulcer ; a chancre. 
 
 Syph-i-lel-c©'sis.* [From syphileV- 
 cos.] The growth or progress of syphi- 
 litic ulcer, or phancre. 
 
 Sy'-plfiil'i-cles.* [From syph’ ills.] 
 Skin-diseases arising from syphilis. 
 
 [From 
 
 syph’ilis, and oxOn, a “ rising ground."] 
 A syphilitic tubercle. 
 
 i die.* 
 
 [From syph'ilis , and colpi'tis , “inflam- 
 mation of the vagina."] Syphilitic in- 
 flammation of the vagina. 
 
 SypBfl-i-Ii-d©g‘ , ra-pCay, [SypMli- 
 dogra'pSiia; from syph'ilis, and yptyu, 
 to “ write."] A history of syphilis. 
 
 Sypti-a-la-d©I'©-g , y. [SypHailido- 
 lo'g’ia.; from syph'ilis, and Xx>yog, a “dis- 
 course."] The doctrine or science of 
 syphilis, and its treatment. 
 
 S^5>5a-i»]li-d©pSa-lBiial ' [From 
 syph'ilis, and ophthal'mia.] Syphilitic 
 ophthalmia. 
 
 S^ph-il-X-on'tliiis.* [From syph'ilis, 
 and hvOog, an “ eruption on the face."] 
 Copper-colored scaly eruption, or 
 patches : the effect of syphilis. 
 
 SypSa'I-Ms, i dis.% [Etymology un- 
 certain.] ^Fr. Verole, v&Tol'.) Vulgarly 
 called Pox. The true venereal disease, 
 otherwise termed Lucs venerea, and Mor- 
 bus Gallicus. A genus of the order 
 Jmpetigines, class Cachexise , of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Sypfu'ilis, Con-stl-tu'tion-al. The 
 
 same as secondary syphilis. See next 
 article. 
 
 Sypli'ilis, Sec'on-da-ry. Applied to 
 syphilis after the morbific matter has 
 been absorbed and diffused through the 
 system. The symptoms of this condition 
 of the disease (termed “ secondary symp- 
 toms") are ulcers in the throat, blotches 
 on the skin, pain in the bones, etc. 
 
 Syph-i-lH'ic. [Syphiliticus.] 
 Pertaining to syphilis. 
 
 Sypti-il-i-za'&ioai. [Syptiiliza'tio, 
 © 'nis; from syph'ilis.] Applied to the 
 condition induced by the successive inocu- 
 lation of animals with syphilitic poison. 
 
 Sypls-i-lo-^e'lis, i 'dis.% [From syph'- 
 ilis, and KrjXig, a “stain," or “spot."] 
 Syphilitic patches on the skin. See 
 Syphilionthus. 
 
 Sypli'i-loid. [Syphiloi'des ; from 
 
 syph'ilis, and elSog, a “form."] Resem- 
 bling syphilis. 
 
 Sypii-i-Bol'e-pis, i dis.* [From 
 syph' tlis, and Xeirig, a “ scale.’’] Syphilitic 
 scale, or scaly eruption. 
 
 Syplfi-l-lopSi'ly-sis.* [From syph'- 
 ilis, and (p\v<jig, an “ eruption."] Syphi- 
 litic eruption. 
 
 Syr. = Syru’pus* “A syrup.’’ 
 
 Sy-rin'g-a Tuhga'ris.* The syste 
 matic name of the Lilac, a plant of the 
 natural order Oleaccse. The leaves have 
 been used as tonics and antiperiodics. 
 
 Syringe. [Lat. Sy'rinx; Gr. 
 avpiy^; Fr. Seringue, seh-raNg'.] An in- 
 strument for injecting liquids into any 
 vessel or cavity. 
 
 $y-rixi'goid. [Syring©i'des : from 
 
 sy'rinx, a “ pipe," and tllog, a “ form.’’] 
 Resembling a pipe or tube. 
 
 Sy-rin'go-tome. [Syring©t/©- 
 
 inum; see Syringotomy.] An instru- 
 ment for cutting fistulae. 
 
 Syr-in-got'o-my. [Syring©!©'- 
 
 maa: from sy'rinx, a “pipe," or “fistu- 
 la," and rqmo, to “ cut.’’] The operation 
 of laying open a fistula. 
 
 Sy'rinx.* [Gr. cvpiy$.] A pipe or 
 fistula : a syringe. 
 
 Syr' up. [Syru'pus; from the Arabic 
 Sherab, sheh-rab', a “ sweet or pleasant 
 drink;" often used for “wine."] (Fr. 
 Sirop, s6'ro'.) Sugar dissolved in water; 
 distinctively termed Syrvpus simplex, or 
 “ simple sj rup." Also, any composition 
 of the juice of herbs, flowers, or fruits, 
 boiled with sugar to a thick consistence. 
 
 Sy-ru'pus,* plural Sy-ru'pi. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name for “syrup." 
 
 Only a few of the more import- 
 ant syrups are here given. For the rest, 
 see U. S. Pharmacopoeia, pp. 299-314. 
 
 Syru'pus Fer'ri I-©<1 l-tli* (“ Syrup 
 of Iodide of Iron"), IA<j'u©r Fer'ri 
 lod'idi.* 1850. Take of iodine, two 
 troyounces, iron, in the form of wire 
 and cut in pieces, three hundred grains, 
 distilled water, three fluidounces, syrup, 
 a sufficient quantity. Mix the iodide, 
 iron, and distilled water in a flask of 
 thin glass, shake the mixture occasion- 
 ally, until the reaction ceases and the 
 solution has acquired a green color and 
 lost the smell of iodine. Then, having 
 introduced a pint of syrup into a gradu- 
 ated bottle, heat it by means of a water- 
 bath to 212°, and, through a small fun- 
 nel inserted in the mouth of the bottle, 
 filter into it the solution already pre- 
 pared. When this has passed, close the 
 bottle, shake it thoroughly, and, when 
 545 
 
SYR 
 
 SYS 
 
 the liquid has cooled, add sufficient 
 syrup to make the whole measure twenty 
 fluidounces. Lastly, again shake the 
 bottle and transfer its contents to two- 
 ounce vials, which must be well stopped. 
 
 Syru'pus Fus'cus.* (“ Brown Syr- 
 up.’’) Molasses. The name applied to 
 the impure, dark-colored syrup obtained 
 in making sugar ffom the Saccharum 
 officinarum. It has been placed on the 
 primary list of the Materia Medica of 
 the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
 
 Syru "pus Ip-e-cac-u-aai 'fise. % 
 
 (“ Syrup of Ipecacuanha.’’) Take of fluid 
 extract of ipecacuanha, two fluidounces, 
 syrup, thirty fluidounces. Mix them. 
 
 Syru'pus Pru'ni Vir-gin-i-a'mje.* 
 (“ Syrup of Wild Cherry [Bark].") Take 
 of wild cherry bark, in coarse powder, 
 five troyounces, sugar, in coarse powder, 
 twenty-eight troyounces, water, a suffi- 
 cient quantity. Moisten the bark tho- 
 roughly with water, and allow it to stand 
 for twenty-four hours in a close vessel; 
 then pack it firmly in a glass percolator, 
 and gradually pour water upon it until 
 a pint of filtered liquid is obtained. To 
 this, transferred to a bottle, add the 
 sugar, and agitate occasionally until it 
 is dissolved. 
 
 Syru'pus Rlie'i Ar-o-mat'i-cus.* 
 
 (“ Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb.") Take 
 of rhubarb, in moderately fine powder, 
 two troyounces and a half, cloves, in 
 moderately fine powder, cinnamon, in 
 fine powder, each half a troyounce, nut- 
 meg, in moderately fine powder, one 
 hundred and twenty grains, syrup, six 
 pints, diluted alcohol, a sufficient quan- 
 tity. Mix the powders, and, having 
 moistened the mixture with two fluid- 
 ounces of diluted alcohol, introduce it 
 into a conical percolator, and pour di- 
 luted alcohol upon it until a pint of tinc- 
 ture has passed. Add this to the syrup 
 previously heated, and mix them tho- 
 roughly. 
 
 Syru'pus S^il'lse.* (“ Syrup of 
 Squill.") Take of vinegar of squill, a 
 pint, sugar, in coarse powder, twenty- 
 four troyounces. Dissolve the sugar in 
 the vinegar of squill with the aid of a 
 gentle heat, and strain the solution 
 while hot. 
 
 Syru'pus Scil'lne fom-pos'i-tus* 
 
 (“Compound Syrup of Squill.") Take 
 of squill, in moderately coarse powder, 
 sencka. in moderately fine powder, each 
 four troyounces, tartrate of antimony 
 and potassa, forty-eight grains, sugar, 
 in coarse powder, forty-two troyounoes, 
 546 
 
 diluted alcohol, water, each a sufficient 
 quantity. Mix the squill and seneka, 
 and, having moistened the mixture with 
 half a pint of diluted alcohol, allow it to 
 stand for an hour. Then transfer it to 
 a conical percolator and pour diluted 
 alcohol upon it, until three pints of 
 tincture have passed. Boil this for a 
 few minutes, evaporate it by means of a 
 water-bath to a pint, add six fluidounces 
 of boiling water, and filter. Dissolve 
 the sugar in the filtered liquid, and, 
 having heated the solution to the boil- 
 ing point, strain it while hot. Then 
 dissolve the tartrate of antimony and 
 potassa in the solution, while still hot, 
 and add sufficient boiling water through 
 the strainer to make it measure three 
 pints. Lastly, mix the whole thoroughly 
 together. 
 
 Sys-pa'si-a.* [From mis, “ together," 
 and o-ttuo), to “draw."] A Greek term 
 equivalent to the Latin Convulsio (“con- 
 vulsion"), forming the name of a genus 
 in Dr. Good’s Nosology. 
 
 Sys-sar-co'sis.* [From ovj, “to- 
 gether," and oapKow, to “ make strong."] 
 Union of bones by connecting muscle. 
 
 Sys-tat'I-ca.* [From avv'iarrj/ju, to 
 “place together," to “associate."] The 
 name of an order in Good’s Nosology, 
 comprising diseases which affect the dif- 
 ferent sensorial powers simultaneously, 
 as sleeplessness, torpor, etc. 
 
 Sys'tem. [Lat. Syste'ma; Gr. <ri><7- 
 r/j/za, from aoviaTri/xi, to “place together.’’] 
 Originally, a “whole composed of a num- 
 ber of different parts :’’ hence, a regu- 
 lar government; the constitution of a 
 state. A methodical collection, arrange- 
 ment, or classification of many things 
 together; a connected statement of the 
 truths of some department of science or 
 art. In Astronomy, a hypothesis of a 
 certain order and arrangement of tho 
 celestial bodies, by which their apparent 
 motions are explained. The solar sys- 
 tem consists of the sun and all the celes- 
 tial bodies whose motions arc controlled 
 by his attraction, viz., the planets, satel- 
 lites, and comets. 
 
 System, Sexual. See Sexual Sy.m- 
 tem. 
 
 S£ r s-te-mat'ic. [Systemat 'Sous ; 
 
 from ni/8te'mn, a “ system."] According 
 or pertaining to system or regular ar- 
 rangement; methodical. 
 
 Systematic Rot'a-n.^. Tho second 
 great department of botanical science, 
 or the study of plants in their relations 
 to one another as forming a vegetable 
 
SYS 
 
 kingdom. It treats of plants as members 
 of a system or orderly parts of a whole, 
 and arranges them in classes, orders, 
 genera, and species. 
 
 Sys-tem-a-tol'o-gy. [Systemato- 
 lo'gia; from syste'ma, a “system,” and 
 \6yo;, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on the 
 various systems ; the doctrine of systems 
 or arrangements in science. 
 
 Sys-tem'ic. [System 'icus.] Per- 
 taining to the whole system; belonging 
 to the general system : as, “ systemic cir- 
 culation,” used in contradistinction to 
 “ pulmonic circulation.” 
 
 Sys'to-le.* [From ovareW co, to “draw 
 together,” or “contract.”] The con- 
 traction of the heart, by which, with its 
 
 TIE 
 
 alternate dilatation (diastole), the circu- 
 lation of the blood is carried on. 
 
 Sys-tol'ic. [Systol'iciis.] Per- 
 taining to systole. 
 
 Sys-trem'ma, a tis.% [Gr. <mn-pc<£<a, 
 to “ twist or roll together.”] Applied to 
 cramp in the muscles, or the calf of the 
 leg. 
 
 Sys-ty'Ius.* [From avv, “together,” 
 and arZXog, a “ style.”] Applied to a 
 plant the styles of which are joined into 
 a single column : systy'lous. 
 
 Syz'y-£y. [Syzyg'ia ; from avv, 
 “together,” and Z,vy6v, a “yoke.”] In 
 the plural (Syzygies) the places of the 
 moon or planets when in conjunction 
 with, or opposition to, the sun. 
 
 T. 
 
 T Bandage. A bandage formed some- 
 what like the letter T, for supporting 
 dressings in diseases of the anus, groin, 
 perinaeum, etc. 
 
 Tab'a-cum.* Tobacco. The Phar- 
 macopoeial name || for the dried leaves 
 of Nicoticina tabacum. See Tobacco. 
 
 Tab'a-sbeer, written also Taba- 
 scliir. A silicious substance found in 
 the joints of the bamboo, sometimes fluid, 
 but generally in a concreted state. It has 
 been used in obstruction of the bowels. 
 
 Ta'bes.* Consumption, or wasting, of 
 the body. A genus of the order Jfai'corcs, 
 class Cachexia ?, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ta'bes C©x-a'ri-a.* (“Hip Con- 
 sumption or Wasting.”) A wasting of 
 flhe thigh and leg, from abscess in the 
 hip. Essentially the same as Coxarum 
 Morbus, which see. 
 
 Ta'bes E&or-sa'Bis.* (“Dorsal Con- 
 sumption or Wasting.”) A disorder of 
 the spinal marrow, consequent on vene- 
 real excesses. 
 
 Ta'bes Mes-en-ter'i-ca.* The Ta- 
 bes scrofulosa. 
 
 Ta'bes Pal-m©-ma'las.* (“ Pulmo- 
 nary Consumption or Wasting.”) See 
 Pulmonary Consumption. 
 
 Ta'bes ScFof-ai-lo'sa.* (“Scrofu- 
 lous Consumption.”) A disease consist- 
 ing in a scrofulous affection of the mes- 
 enteric glands (hence also called Ta'bes 
 mesenter'ica ), connected with a morbid 
 condition of the functions of digestion 
 and assimilation. 
 
 Ta-bes'$eait. [Tabes'cens ; from 
 tabes' co, to “waste away.”] Wasting 
 Dr shrivelling. 
 
 Tab'ti-Ba Vit're-a.* (“ Glassy 
 Table.”) A term applied to the internal 
 plate of the occipital bone, on account of 
 its brittleness. 
 
 Tab'u-lar. [From tab'vla, a “board,” 
 or “ table.”] Like a board or table. In 
 Botany, flattened horizontally. 
 
 Taceaceay* tak-ka'shc-e. [From 
 Tac'ca, one of the genera.] A small 
 natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found in the hotter parts of 
 India and in the tropical parts of Africa. 
 
 Ta-diyg r ra-phy. [Tacliygra'- 
 pBiia; from ra\vg, “short,” and ypa^to, to 
 “write.”] Shorthand. See Stenography. 
 
 Tac'tlle. [Tac'tilis; from iac'tus , 
 “touch.”] Pertaining to touch. 
 
 Taction. [Tac'ti© ; from tan' go, 
 tac'tnm, to “ touch.”] The act of touch- 
 ing: touch. 
 
 Tac'tns.* [From the same.] The 
 sense of Touch, which see. 
 
 Tac'tus Er-u-tBi'tus. * (“Instructed 
 [or Skilful] Touch.”) That delicate and 
 discriminating sense of touch resulting 
 from the union of judgment and expe- 
 rience. 
 
 Tac'tns Ex-per'tns.* (“Experi- 
 ence l Touch.”) Essentially the same as 
 the Tactus Eruditus, which see. 
 
 Tae'nt-a.* [Gr. raivia.] Originally, 
 a “fillet,” “band,” or “riband.” Ap- 
 plied to the tapeworm, a genus of intes- 
 tinal worms having long, flat, and jointed 
 bodies. 
 
 Tse'nia Hip-po-cam'pi.* The Cor- 
 pus Fimbriatum, which see. 
 
 Tse'nia Ea'ta* (“Broad Tape- 
 worm”) ; also called Botti-ri-o-^epBi'a- 
 547 
 
TAN 
 
 TM 
 
 lus.* A worm found in the human in- 
 testines. It sometimes attains an enor- 
 mous length, — fifty or sixty yards, ac- 
 cording to some writers. 
 
 Tae'nia ©s'eoi-Sis Mar-gi-nal'i- 
 bus. 5 ' (" Tapeworm with Marginal 
 
 Mouths or Foramina.”) The long tape- 
 worm, or Taenia Solium. 
 
 Tae'nia Sem-i-cir-cu-la'ris.* 
 
 (" Semicircular Band.”) A narrow, fi- 
 brous, semi-transparent band, situated 
 in the groove between the optic thalamus 
 and corpus striatum. 
 
 Tse'nia So'13-mia.* The long tape- 
 worm; also called Tsenia os cults margi- 
 nalibus. It infests the upper part of the 
 intestines, and is not unfrequently from 
 twenty to thirty feet long, and is said to 
 be sometimes much longer. 
 
 Tjr'nia Ta-ri'cni.* ("Band of Tari- 
 nus.”) A yellowish horny band which 
 lies over the vena corpora striata of the 
 brain, first noticed by Tarinus. It is a 
 thickening of the lining membrane of 
 the ventricle. 
 
 Tae'ni-oid. [Tsesiioi'des ; from tse'- 
 nia, a "riband.”] Resembling a riband. 
 
 Taffetas Vesicant, taf'ta' vAz&'- 
 koN°'. ("Blistering Cloth.”) The same 
 as P annus Vesicatouius, which see. 
 
 Ta'fi-a.* Rum, or the spirit obtained 
 by distillation from the fermented juice 
 of the sugar-cane. 
 
 Tattle, tal. Literally, "cutting.” The 
 French term for Lithotomy, which see. 
 
 Talc. [Tal'cam.] A foliated magne- 
 sian mineral, unctuous to the touch, 
 used for tracing lines on cloth, etc. 
 
 Ta'le-a. if [From 6a\\6g, a "young 
 shoot”?] A Latin word signifying a 
 "graft,” "cutting,” "shoot,” or "stock.” 
 
 Taliaco'tian (ta-le-a-ko'shun) ©p-e- 
 ra'tion. An operation by which, in 
 cases of deformity or deficiency of the 
 nose, a new one is made by turning down 
 a flap from the forehead, or other part of 
 the face; first practised by Taliacctius 
 (or Tagliacozzi). See Rhinoplasty, 
 
 Tal'l-pcs, p'ecZia.* [From la' Ins, the 
 "ankle,” and pes, the "foot.”] Applied 
 to various kinds of the distortion com- 
 monly called club-foot. 
 
 Talipes E-qui'ims* ("Equine 
 Club-foot”), or IQorse'-Foot. Club-foot 
 from simple retraction of the heel, so 
 that the ankle seems to resemble that of 
 the horse. 
 
 Tal'ipes Val'gns.* Club-foot, with 
 distortion outwards, or eversion. 
 
 Tal'ipes Va'rus.* Club-foot, with 
 distortion inwards. 
 
 548 
 
 Tallow. [Se'vum.] Animal fat, 
 melted and separated from the fibrous 
 matter mixed with it. 
 
 Tal'pa.* Literally, a "mole.” Hence 
 applied to a tumor under the skin, com- 
 pared to a mole under the ground. Some- 
 times it signifies an encysted tumor on 
 the head. 
 
 Ta'lns.* Literally, a "die,” with 
 which a game of dice was played. Ap- 
 plied to the astragalus (or ankle-bone), 
 from its resemblance to a die. 
 
 Tamaricaceav* tam-a-re-ka'she-e. 
 A small natural order of exogenous 
 plants (shrubs or herbs), confined to the 
 Northern hemisphere and the Old World. 
 It includes the Tam'arix (Tamarisk), 
 Myrica’ria, and Tricliaurus. Several of 
 the species are astringent or tonic; and 
 one, the Tam'arix mannif era, yields a 
 kind of manna, consisting of mucilagi- 
 nous sugar. 
 
 Tam-a-rin'cliis.* [From tamar 
 (Arabic), a "date,” and In'clus , " Indian.”] 
 A Linnman genus of the class Mona- 
 tlelphia , natural order Leguminosse. Also, 
 the Pharmacopoeial name || for the pre- 
 served fruit of the Tamarindus Indica. 
 It is refrigerant and laxative. 
 
 Tamartn'dias In'di-ca.* ("Indian 
 Tamarind.”) The systematic name of 
 the tamarind-tree. 
 
 Tam'a-rix Galll-ca.* The sys- 
 tematic name of the common Tamarisk, 
 a tree of the Linnaean class Pentandria , 
 and natural order Tamaricaccse. The 
 bark, wood, and leaves are bitter and 
 astringent, and have been employed in 
 medicine. 
 
 Tamn'pdn. (French pronunciation, 
 toM'p6N°'.) Literally, a "plug,” or "stop- 
 per.” A portion of rag, sponge, etc., used 
 in Plugging, which see. 
 
 Ta'inus Com-inu'nis.* The sys- 
 tematic name of common Black Bryony. 
 The root is diuretic. 
 
 Tani-a-ce'tnm.* Tansy. A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Syngenesia, natural 
 order Composite. Also, the Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb of 
 the Tanace'tum vulga're. It is chiefly 
 used as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Tanace'tum Vul-ga're.* The com- 
 mon tansy-plant; also called Tanasia. 
 
 Ta-iaa'si-a. - A namo for Tanace'tum 
 vulga're. 
 
 Tan'&ent. [Tan'&ens: present par- 
 ticiple of tan' go, to "touch.”] Literally, 
 "touching,” or "that which touches.” 
 The tangent to a curve is a straight line 
 which meets or touches the curve with- 
 
TAN 
 
 TAR 
 
 out intersecting it. In Trigonometry, a 
 tangent is a straight line which touches 
 a circular arc at one of its extremities, 
 and is terminated by the production of 
 the radius passing through the other ex- 
 tremity. 
 
 Tau'nate. [Tan'nas, a'ik] A com- 
 bination of tannic acid (or tannin) with 
 a base. 
 
 Tan'nic A$'id. The same as Tannin, 
 which see. 
 
 Tan'nin. [Tanni'mim; so called 
 from its use in tanning.] (Fr. Acide 
 tannique , &'s£d' t&n'nek'.) Tannic acid 
 (the Aq'idum tan'nicum of the Pharma- 
 copoeias.) The peculiar astringent prin- 
 ciple of vegetable substances on which 
 their power of converting skins into lea- 
 ther depends. It is a powerful astrin- 
 gent. 
 
 Tansy. See Tanacetum Vulgare. 
 
 Tail ' ta- 1 11 m.* The same as Colum- 
 bium, which see. 
 
 Tapeworm. See Taenia. 
 
 Tapeworm, Long. See Taenia So- 
 lium. 
 
 Tap-I-o'ca.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name (U.S. Ph.) for the fecula of the 
 root of the Janipha Maniliot. As an 
 article of food it is mild and easy of 
 digestion, and forms an excellent diet for 
 tbe sick or convalescent. 
 
 Tapping*. See Paracentesis. 
 
 Tap'-Root. A fleshy main root taper- 
 ing downwards, having a moderate thick- 
 ness compared with the length, and ex- 
 tending in a nearly vertical direction, as 
 in the pine, maple, parsnip, etc. 
 
 Tar. A dark-brown, viscid liquid, ob- 
 tained by heating the wood of the pine 
 or fir tree. It consists of resin, empy- 
 reumatic oil, and acetic acid. 
 
 Tar, Barbadoes. See Petroleum 
 Barbadense. 
 
 T&r-an-tis'mus.* [From taran'tula , 
 a peculiar kind of venomous spider.] 
 Tarantism. The morbid desire of ex- 
 cessive motion, or dancing, said to be 
 excited by music in those affected by the 
 bite of the tarantula. 
 
 Ta-ran'tu-la.* A species of poison- 
 ous spider, whose bite was supposed to 
 be cured by music. 
 
 Ta-rax'a-cum.* Dandelion. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || for the root of the 
 Tarax'acum Dens-leo’nis. It is slightly 
 tonic, diuretic, and aperient, and appears 
 to have a specific action on the liver. It 
 has sometimes proved extremely bene- 
 ficial in affections accompanied by tor- 
 pidity of that organ. 
 
 47 
 
 Tarax'acum €of'fee. Dandelion 
 Coffee; a powder consisting of tarax- 
 acum-roots, cleaned, dried, and powdered, 
 and mixed with coffee. 
 
 Tarax'acum Bens-le-o'nis.* 
 
 (“ Tooth of Lion.”) The systematic 
 name of the dandelion. See Taraxa- 
 cum. 
 
 Ta-rax'is.* [From rapdcooj to 
 “ trouble,” cr “confound.”] A slight 
 inflammation of the eye. 
 
 Tar-di-flo'rus.* [From tar'dus, 
 
 “slow,” or “late,” and Jios, a “flower.”] 
 Flowering late. 
 
 Tardigrada. See Tardigradus. 
 
 Tar-dig ' ra-dus. i: [From tar'dus, 
 “slow,” and tjra'dus, a “step.”] Tardi- 
 grade. Moving slowly. Applied in the 
 plural neuter ( Tardiy'rada ) to certain 
 animals, which from their peculiar con- 
 struction move with excessive slowness, 
 as the sloths. 
 
 Target-Shaped. See Peltate, 
 Scutiform, and Thyroid. 
 
 Tarini Pons. See Pons Tarini. 
 
 Tar'ssjd. [Tarsa'lis; from tar'sus .] 
 Belonging to the tarsus ; also, to the 
 cartilage of the eyelid. 
 
 Tarsal Car'ti-la-ges. The thin 
 elastic plates which give shape to the 
 eyelids. 
 
 Tar 'si,* gen. Tar-so'rum, the plural 
 of Tarsus, which see. 
 
 Tar-so-pby'ma, arts.* [From tar'- 
 sus , and (j)t pa, a “growth.”] A morbid 
 growth or tumor of the tarsus. 
 
 Tar-sor'rlta-jiby. [Tarsorrlia'- 
 j:bia; from tar'sus, and pacjfi, a “ suture.”] 
 The uniting by suture any wound of the 
 eyelids near the tarsus. 
 
 Tar-soi'o-my. [Tarsoto'mia : from 
 tar'sus, and rqo co, to “cut.”] A cutting 
 of the tarsus, or cartilage of the eye- 
 lid. 
 
 Tar'sus,* plural Tar'si. [From 
 rapaog, the “instep.”] That portion of 
 the foot between the metatarsal bones 
 and the leg, itself comprising seven 
 bones; the instep. Also, the thin carti- 
 lage towards the edge of each eyelid, 
 giving it firmness and shape. Applied 
 also to a number of minute joints in in- 
 sects, forming the fifth principal segment 
 of the leg or foot. 
 
 Tar'tar. [Tar'tanini, or Tar'ta- 
 rns.] The substance which concretes 
 on the inside of wine-casks; the impure 
 supertartrate of potash. Also, an earthy- 
 like substance deposited from the saliva, 
 which becomes incrusted on the human 
 teeth. See Odontolitiius, and Tophus. 
 
 549 
 
TAR 
 
 TEC 
 
 Tar'tar, Cream of. The bitartrate 
 of potash. See Potass^e Bitartras. 
 
 Tar' tar E-met'ic. The tartrate of 
 antimony and potassa ( Antimo'nii et 
 jjotas'sse tar'tras ) of the U.S. Pharmaco- 
 poeia, or Anti-mo’ niurn tartara’tum (Br. 
 Ph.), also termed Antimo'nii potas'sio- 
 t~ir'tras , and Antimo’nium tartarizci’ turn. 
 Tartar emetic is the most valuable of all 
 the preparations of antimony. It is a 
 powerful arterial sedative : in small doses 
 it acts as a diaphoretic, in largo quanti- 
 ties as an emetic, and sometimes as a 
 cathartic. 
 
 Tar'ta-rat-ecl An'ti-mo-ny. [Anti- 
 inoiiiaim Tartora'tum.] See Tar- 
 tar Emetic. 
 
 Tar-tar'ic. [Tartar'icus.] Applied 
 to an acid obtained from tartar. It is 
 refrigerant and antiseptic. 
 
 Tar'tfa-razetl An'limony. [Amfi- 
 mt>' ilium Tartar! za' turn.] See Tar- 
 tar Emetic. 
 
 Tar'trate. [Tar'tras, a'fi#.] A com- 
 bination of tartaric acid with a base. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Po- 
 tassa. See Tartar Emetic. 
 
 Tartre des ©ents, taRtR d& doN®. 
 ("Tartar of the Teeth/’) The French 
 term for Odontolithtts, which see. 
 
 Taste. [Lat. Gas'tns; Fr. Gout, goo.] 
 That sense by which we perceive the sa- 
 vors of certain bodies upon the tongue, 
 which is its principal organ. The lips, 
 the inside of the cheeks, the palate, 
 teeth, velum pendulum palati, pharynx, 
 oesophagus, and even the stomach, are 
 also susceptible of impressions by con- 
 tact with the same bodies, which are 
 termed sapid bodies. 
 
 Taste, Morbid. See Paragetjsis. 
 
 Taste'less A'gue-l>rop. An arseni- 
 cal solution, formerly in great repute, for 
 which Fowler’s solution, or the Liquor 
 arsenicalis, is now substituted. 
 
 Taste'less Salt. A name for phos- 
 phate of soda. 
 
 Tau'rin. [Taiari'na; from ravpog, 
 a "bull.”] A particular animal sub- 
 stance in bile, first discovered in ox- 
 gall. 
 
 Tau-ro-cSiol'ic. [Taurocliol'ious; 
 
 from tau'rns , a " bull,” or " ox,” and yoX/j, 
 “ bile.”] A term applied to a peculiar 
 acid found m the bile of the ox, asso- 
 ciated with ylychofic acid. The latter, 
 or a substance nearly allied to it, is found 
 in the human bile, in which, however, 
 taurocholic acid appears to be wanting. 
 
 Taxacese,* tax-a'she-e. A natural 
 order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
 550 
 
 found in the milder climates of a great 
 part of the world. It includes the 
 Tax'us (Yew), anti other trees which are 
 valuable for timber. 
 
 Tax-I-der'mic. [TaxMer'miciBS.] 
 Belonging to taxidermy. 
 
 Tax-i-der'my. [Taxider'mia; 
 
 from ru£<s, " arrangement,” and dipya, a 
 "skin.”] The art of stufiing and pre- 
 serving the skins of animals so as to re- 
 present their natural appearance, habits, 
 and attitudes in life. 
 
 Tax 'is.* [From racroco, to "put in 
 order.”] The operation of replacing by 
 the hand, without instruments, any parts 
 which have quitted their natural situa- 
 tion, as in the reduction of hernia, etc. 
 
 Tax-ol'o-^y, or Tax-on 'o-rny. 
 [From ra£tj, "arrangement,” and \6yo$, a 
 " discourse.”] The department of Botany 
 which relates to classification. 
 
 Tax-on'o-my. [Taxono'mia; from 
 rd£.'f, " arrangement,” and voyog, a "law.”] 
 The theory of classifications,* the laws 
 which preside at their construction. See 
 Taxology. 
 
 Tax' (Fr. If \ £f.) The Yew-tree. 
 A tree belonging to the order or tribe 
 Conifer se. The leaves have been em- 
 ployed as a remedy in epilepsy. 
 
 Tea. [Lat. Tlie'a; Fr. The, tA] The 
 dried leaves of a Chinese evergreen shrub, 
 of which there are two varieties, the 
 Then Ni'yra. black or bohea tea, and 
 Thca Vir'idis y green tea. It belongs to 
 the Linnman class Polyandria, and nat- 
 ural order Te rust rom iaccue. In the form 
 of an infusion it is used more exten- 
 sively than any other artificial beverage. 
 It is slightly astringent, and produces a 
 decidedly exhilarating effect on the ner- 
 vous system. When taken by those who 
 are unaccustomed to it, it causes wake- 
 fulness. 
 
 Tear. [Lat. Lacli'ryma, or lac'ry- 
 
 ma; Gr. 6aKp<'pn, or ddicpvois ; Fr. Larme , 
 laRin.] A limpid fluid secreted bv the 
 lachrymal gland, and, in the ordinary 
 condition of the part, diffused between 
 the eyeball and eyelids, to facilitate their 
 movements. A permanent and morbid 
 excess of this secretion is termed Epi- 
 phora (which see). The tears are saline, 
 with a slight alkaline reaction, turning 
 delicate vegetable blues to green. The 
 term tear is also applied to drops (or small 
 pieces) of gum of a globular or semi- 
 globular shape, having dried in the form 
 they present on issuing from the plant. 
 
 Teeli-iio-cau 'sis.** [From Ttxyn t 
 "art,” and icavaig, a "burning.”] Artifi- 
 
TEC 
 
 TEM 
 
 cial burning, or application of the moxa, 
 hot iron, etc. 
 
 Tecl»-ii«>l'o-&y- [Technolo'gia ; 
 
 from Ttx.vriy “art,” and Aoyoj, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on art or the arts, 
 especially the useful arts: a description 
 of the arts. 
 
 Tec-noc-io'nl-a.* [From tckvov , a 
 “ child, ” and ktslucj, to “kill.”] Child- 
 murder, or infanticide. 
 
 Tec-tl-bran'clil-ate. [Tectibran- 
 cbia'tus; from tec’ tun , “ covered/’ and 
 bran'chisei] Having branchiae more or 
 less covered by the mantle. Applied to 
 an order of Mollusks. 
 
 Tec-tri'ce&,* the plural of Tectrix. 
 
 Tec'trix, icia.* [From te'go, tec' turn, to 
 “ cover.”] Covering or hiding. Applied 
 in the plural ( tectri'ces ) to the feathers 
 which cover the quill-feathers and other 
 parts of the wings of birds. 
 
 Teeth. See Tooth. 
 
 Teeth, Cri'inding of. See Stridor 
 Dentium. 
 
 Teeth, Per'ma-nent. [I>en'tes 
 Perinaaieii'tes.] A term applied to 
 the teeth of the adult, thirty-two in 
 all. See Tooth. 
 
 Teeth 'ing. Cutting of the teeth, or 
 dentition. 
 
 Teg'men, inis* or Teg-men 'turn.* 
 
 [From te’go, to “ cover.”] A covering, 
 whether scale or membrane, of fruits, 
 flowers, etc. : thus, the scales covering the 
 leaf-buds of deciduous trees of cold cli- 
 mates are called tegmenta. Applied to the 
 inner coat of the seeds of plants. Also 
 applied to the superior wings of insects 
 when coriaceous or pergamcntaceous, and 
 furnished with nervures, as in the Orthop- 
 tera. 
 
 Tcg-men'(a, :!: the plural of Tegmen- 
 tum, which see. 
 
 Teg'ini-nate. [Tegmina'tns.] En- 
 veloped in a tegmen. 
 
 Teg'u-ment. [Tegnmen'tu m ; 
 
 from te’go , to “cover.”] Applied to a 
 membrane which covers the sori of ferns 
 (the indusium, or involucrum , of some au- 
 thors). Also, nearly the same as In- 
 tegument. 
 
 Tegument, t&'gii'moN 0 '. The French 
 term for Integument, which see. 
 
 Teig'ne, ten or t&ii. The French term 
 for Porrigo, which see. 
 
 Te'la.* A Latin word signifying a 
 “web.” Applied to a membrane or tissue. 
 
 Te'la Ad-i-po'sa.* A name for 
 Adipose Membrane, which see. 
 
 Te'la Cel-lu-lo'sa.* A name for 
 Cellular Tissue, which see. 
 
 Te'la Chor-o-i'de-a.* (“ Choroid 
 Web.”) A membranous prolongation of 
 the pia mater in the third ventricle. 
 
 Te-lan-gi-ec-ta'sl-a,* or Te-lan-^i- 
 ec'ta-sis.* [From t£\os, the “end,” 
 ayyeiov, a “vessel,” and Zktcktis, “exten- 
 sion.”] Literally, an extension of the 
 terminations of the vessels (i.e. of the 
 capillaries). A term for the dilatation 
 of the capillary vessels. 
 
 Te-lan-gi-o'sis.* [Frcm rcXog, the 
 “end,” and dyyciov , a “vessel.”] Disease 
 of the capillary vessels. 
 
 Tel-e-ol'o-gy. [Teleolo'gia ; from 
 reXog, “end,” or “purpose,” and Ad^o?, a 
 “discourse.”] The doctrine of final 
 causes; i.e. the doctrine that the different 
 parts of the universe have been created 
 for a special end or purpose. 
 
 Tele-scope. [Telesco'pium ; from 
 t f/Ae, “far off,” and ono-niu, to “observe,” 
 or to “see.”] An optical instrument tor 
 viewing distant objects; a tube having 
 a convex object-glass at one end, and a 
 convex (or concave) lens at the other, 
 placed at the distance of the sum (or 
 difference) of their focal lengths. Tele- 
 scopes are of two kinds, ref i acting and 
 reflecting : the former depending on the 
 use of properly figured lenses through 
 which the rays of light pass; and the 
 latter on the use of specula or polished 
 metallic mirrors which reflect the rays. 
 
 Tellurate. See Telluric. 
 
 Tel'ln-rat-ed. [Tellwra'lus.] Ap- 
 plied to a gas which holds tellurium in 
 solution. 
 
 Tel-fiu'ric. [Tellu'riciis; from tel- 
 lu'rium.] Belonging to tellurium. Ap- 
 plied to the peroxide of tellurium, which 
 is called telluric acid, and combines with 
 many of the metallic oxides, producing 
 a class of compounds called Tellurates. 
 
 Tel-lu'ri-iim.* [From Tel'lvs, the 
 “earth.” It may be observed that many 
 of the metals are named from the differ- 
 ent planets. Besides the well-known 
 examples of Mercury and Saturn (Latin 
 Saturnus , a name for “lead”), we have 
 Cerium from Ceres, Palladium from Pal- 
 las, Selenium from oeXrivri, the “moon,” 
 etc.J A rare metal found in the gold- 
 mines of Transylvania. It is white, 
 brilliant, brittle, and easily fusible. Its 
 specific gravity is about 6.25. 
 
 Temp. dext. — Tcm’pori dex’tro .* 
 “To the right temple.” 
 
 Tempe. See Temple. 
 
 Tem'per-a-ment. [ Temperamen'- 
 turn; from tem'pero, tempera' turn, to 
 “mix,” to “temper;” because it was 
 551 
 
TEM 
 
 TEM 
 
 supposed to depend on the mixture or 
 apportioning of the different humors of 
 the body.] The peculiar constitution of 
 the body; that peculiarity of physical 
 organization which to a certain extent 
 influences the disposition and character 
 of men. 
 
 Many of the old physiologists attached 
 great importance to temperament. The 
 different kinds have been variously dis- 
 tinguished by different writers : the best 
 classification is perhaps the following : — 
 
 1. The Sanguineous (or Sanguine) 
 Temperament, characterized by a fair and 
 ruddy complexion, yellow, red, or light 
 auburn hair, a full, muscular develop- 
 ment, large, full veins, and an active 
 pulse, all indicating an abundant supply 
 of blood. Persons of this description, 
 are usually, it is said, of a hopeful dispo- 
 sition, fond of pleasure, with strong and 
 eager passions, but deficient in constancy 
 of purpose, especially when the object of 
 their pursuit can only be won by perse- 
 verance and long delay. 
 
 2. The Bilious Temperament, cha- 
 racterized by a preponderance of bile, 
 indicated by a dark or sallow complex- 
 ion, black hair, and a slow or moderate 
 circulation of the blood. Persons of 
 this temperament, it is said, arc apt to 
 be grave and thoughtful, remarkable for 
 firmness and tenacity of purpose, capa- 
 ble of long endurance, constant in their 
 attachments, implacable in their hate, 
 etc. It has been remarked, by a modern 
 writer, that nearly all the great tyrants 
 mentioned in history, appear to have 
 possessed a large share of the bilious 
 temperament. 
 
 The term choleric , though often used 
 (in accordance with its etymology) as 
 synonymous with bilious, implies, in its 
 popular acceptation, a certain combina- 
 tion of the bilious and sanguineous tem- 
 peraments. 
 
 3. The Lymphatic (or Phlegmatic) 
 Temperament, resulting, according to 
 the old physiologists, from the predomi- 
 nance of lymph, or phlegm (which was 
 regarded as the cold and watery humor 
 of the body), in the system. It is 
 characterized by a fair but not ruddy 
 complexion, light hair, and a general 
 softness or laxity of the tissues. Per- 
 sons of this temperament, it is said, are 
 apt to be of a mild and amiable dis- 
 position, but to possess little activity or 
 force of character. 
 
 The ancients reckoned also among the 
 temperaments the Atrabilious or Me- 
 552 
 
 lancholic, characterized by a predomh 
 nance of black bile (which was supposed 
 to be secreted by the spleen), rendering 
 the disposition melancholy and morose; 
 and when in great excess, producing hyr 
 pochondriasis. This, however, is so ob- 
 viously a diseased condition of the sys- 
 tem that it scarcely merits a place among 
 the other temperaments, which are, pro- 
 perly, not forms of disease, but merely 
 constitutional peculiarities. 
 
 To the foregoing has been added, more 
 recently, — 
 
 4. The Nervous Temperament, cha- 
 racterized by the predominance of the 
 nervous element, and by great activity 
 or susceptibility of the great nervous 
 centre, the brain. Persons possessing 
 this temperament are usually distin- 
 guished by their impressibility, their 
 capability of intense feeling or intense 
 excitement (which is often, however, not 
 manifested externally), and by the gene- 
 ral activity of all those functions directly 
 dependent upon the brain and nervous 
 system. Literary ' mcn ; especially those 
 distinguished in poetry or imaginative 
 literature, are usually of this tempera- 
 ment. 
 
 It must, however, be borne in mind, 
 that in no instance is any one tempera- 
 ment to be found absolutely unmixed, 
 but even in the most strongly-markecl 
 cases it will be qualified by elements be- 
 longing to the other temperaments, — not 
 to speak of the modifications caused by 
 moral or educational influences. Yet, if 
 we take the most remarkable examples 
 of each class, — that is, those in which 
 the peculiar characteristics of some one 
 temperament are most fully developed 
 with the smallest admixture of other 
 elements, — we shall probably find that, 
 though much of a merely fanciful cha- 
 racter has been written on this subject, 
 the views of the old physiologists are not 
 without considerable foundation in truth. 
 
 Tem'pe-ramce. [Robri'etas, or 
 Tempeiran'tia; from the same.] Mode- 
 ration in eating and drinking, an indis- 
 pensable condition to the enjoyment of 
 perfect health. 
 
 Temperantia,* tem-pe-ran'shc-a. 
 [From the same.] Agents which reduce 
 the temperature of the body when un- 
 duly augmented, as cold, acids, certain 
 salts, etc. 
 
 TTem'per-ato. [Tempera'lias; from 
 the same.] Moderate; without excess; 
 tempered. 
 
 'S'cm'ixjr-ft-ture. [Temperatu'ra; 
 
TEM 
 
 TEN 
 
 from the same.] A definite or certain 
 degree of sensible heat, as measured by 
 the thermometer. 
 
 Tein'ple. [Lat. Tem'pus, oris , plu- 
 ral Tem'pora; Gr. Kporaifog ; Er. Tempe, 
 toMp.] The lateral region of the head 
 above a line drawn from the eye and to 
 the ear. In Entomology, the part from 
 each side of the posterior half of the eyes 
 between the forehead and the vertex. 
 
 Tem'po-ra,* the plural of tem'pus, 
 the temple of tbo head. 
 
 Tem'po-ral. [Tempora'lis.] Be- 
 longing to the tcmpora, or temples. 
 
 Tem-po-ra'lis.* (“ Temporal [Mus- 
 cle]/’) A muscle arising from the tem- 
 poral fossa and the semicircular line 
 bounding it, and inserted into the upper 
 part of the coronoid process of the lower 
 jaw. It draws the jaw upwards. 
 
 Temporary Teeth. See Tooth. 
 
 Tenxi'u-lence. [Temulen'tia; from 
 teme'tum, “ strong wine.”] Drunken- 
 ness; intoxication. 
 
 Te-iua^'i-ty. [Tena^'itas, a 'tic; 
 from te'nax, tena'cis , “tenacious.”] The 
 power of resistance which bodies oppose 
 to efforts to break them either by shock, 
 pressure, or traction. 
 
 Te-mac'w-limm.* [From te'neo, to 
 “hold fast.”] A small, liook-shaped in- 
 strument for taking up divided vessels. 
 
 Teai'cM-Bnes,* gen. Ten'dl-mtBirB, the 
 plural of Tendo, which see. 
 
 Tem'di-Diomis. [TeandiEtio'suis ; from 
 ten’ do, ten' dims, a “tendon.”] Pertain- 
 ing to tendons, Or like tendons. 
 
 ToemIo Achillas. See Achillis, 
 Tendo. 
 
 TeEi'dOBi. [Teit'do, inis or o nis, 
 plural Tern 'dimes, or Teai'doaies; 
 from ten' do, to “stretch.”] A white, 
 fibrous cord, more or less round, by 
 which a muscle is attached to a bone; 
 vulgarly, a “guider.” 
 
 Ten'dril. [Cir'nis.] A tendril is 
 commonly a thread-like, leafless branch, 
 capable of coiling spirally, by which 
 some climbing plants attach themselves 
 to surrounding bodies for support. Some- 
 times tendrils belong to the leaves, as in 
 the pea. 
 
 Te-mes'mnis.* [From rdvoj, to 
 “ stretch,” or “strain.”] A constant de- 
 sire to go to stool, with great straining, 
 but no discharge. 
 
 Terns -osi-tog ,/ B*a-pSBy. [Tenoaito- 
 gjra'pSuiia; from tevcjv, tevovto^, a “ten- 
 don,” and ypdcp w, to “write.”] A descrip- 
 tion or delineation of the tendons. 
 
 Ten-on-tol 'o-gy. [Tenon tolo gia ; 
 
 4T* 
 
 from t&uojv, a “tendon,” and \6yo$, a 
 “discourse.”] The doctrine or scienoe 
 of the tendons. 
 
 Te-not'o-niy. [Tenoto'mia; from 
 Ttvow, a “tendon,” and ripi w, to “cut.”] 
 The cutting of a tendon with a view to 
 remedy certain distortions caused by mus- 
 cular contractions. See Loxartiiron. 
 
 Ten'sion. [Ten'sio, o 'nis; from 
 ten’ do, ten' sum, to “stretch.”] The act 
 of stretching or straining; the state of 
 being stretched or drawn tight. 
 
 Ten sive. [Tensi'vtis; from the 
 same.] Tending to stretch or make tense. 
 Attended with a feeling of tension. 
 
 Tensor, o'r is* [From the same.] 
 A stretcher, or extender, or that which 
 stretches or makes tense. Applied to 
 certain muscles. 
 
 Tensor Tym'pa-ni.* (“Stretcher 
 of the Tympanum.”) A muscle of the 
 tympanum which by its contraction acts 
 upon the membrana tympani and modi- 
 fies the sense of hearing. 
 
 Tem'sor Va-gi'nje Feim'o-ris.** 
 (“That which makes teme the Sheath 
 of the Thigh.”) The name of a muscle 
 which arises from the spine of the ilium 
 and is inserted into the fascia lata, 
 whence it is also called Fascia'lis and 
 Fascia lata. It stretches the fascia, etc. 
 
 Tent. [Ten'ta, Linamen'tiun, 
 JPemicirimm : from ten' do, ten' sum or 
 ten' turn, to “ stretch,” or “ spread.”] A roll 
 of lint, or piece of prepared sponge, for 
 keeping open or dilating sores, sinuses, etc. 
 
 Tent, Sponge. Sec Sionge-Tent. 
 
 Temtaefle. See Tentaculum. 
 
 Ten-tac'u-la,* the plural of Tentac- 
 ulum, which see. 
 
 Tem-tac'11-Iate. [Tentacula tus; 
 
 from tentac' ulumd] Having tentacula or 
 appendages resembling tentacula. 
 
 Tem-tac'u-lwm,* plural Ten-tac'n- 
 la. [F rum ten' to, to “feel often.”] A 
 tentacle, or feeler. This term is used in 
 a restricted sense to signify the long, 
 filiform, inarticulate appendage of the 
 mouth of Anellata or Annelides. It is 
 also applied to all appendages, whether 
 jointed or not, which are used as instru- 
 ments of exploration and prehension. 
 
 Ten-to'ri-iim.* [From ten'do, ten '- 
 turn, to “stretch.”] Originally, a tent or 
 pavilion. Applied to the horizontal pro- 
 cess of the dura mater between the cere- 
 brum and cerebellum. 
 
 Tem-u-fl-c©s-ta'tns.* [From ten'uis , 
 “slender,” and cos'ta, a “rib.”] Having 
 slender ribs. Applied to the leaves of 
 plants. 
 
 553 
 
TEN 
 
 TER 
 
 Ten-vi-i-fio 'ms.* [From ten'uis, 
 “slender,” “thin,” and flos, a “flower.”] 
 Ha ving slender flowers : tenuifio'rous. 
 
 Ten-u-i-sil-i-qua'tus.* [From ten'- 
 uis, “slender,” “thin,” and sil'iqua, a 
 “pod.”] Having slender pods. 
 
 Te'pal. [Analogous to Sepal.] A 
 name proposed for a leaf or part of a 
 perianth when it is uncertain whether it 
 belongs to the calyx or corolla. 
 
 Tep-i-cla'rl-um.* [From tep'idus, 
 “lukewarm.”] A warm or tepid bath. 
 
 Ter-. “Thrice.” A prefix to names 
 of salts, denoting that three atoms of 
 acid are combined with one of base. 
 
 Ter-a-tol'o-gy. [Teratolo'gia; 
 from Tzpag,Tipa~og, a “monster,” and A dyog, 
 a “discourse.”] That branch of Physi- 
 ology which treats of monsters, or the 
 various malformations of the organic 
 kingdoms of nature. 
 
 Ter-elilo'rMe of For'myle. A 
 name for Chloroform, which see. 
 
 Ter'^ine. [Terci'na; from ter, 
 “thrice.”] The third coat of the ovule 
 of a plant, — i.e. the inner coat when the 
 ovule has three. 
 
 Ter-e-bel'la.** [Diminutive of ter'e- 
 bra, a “gimlet.”] A kind of instrument 
 with which the posterior part of a great 
 number of insects is provided, serving 
 to pierce the epidermis of vegetables, or 
 the skin of animals, in order to deposit 
 their eggs. Also, an old name for the 
 trepan. 
 
 Terebintacese,* ter-e-bin-ta'she-e, or 
 Ter-e-bin-ttaa'ce-se.** [From Tcrebin'- 
 thu8 , one of the genera..] The Jussieuan 
 name of a natural order of plants. It 
 has been divided by Brown, and its 
 genera have been chiefly distributed 
 between the orders Anacardiacese and 
 Amyridacese. 
 
 Ter-e-bin'thi-na.* (“ Turpentine.”) 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the concrete juice of the Pinus palustrh, 
 and of other species of Pinus. It is 
 stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and, in 
 large doses, laxative. 
 
 Terebin'tbina A-;mer-I-ca'na.* 
 The name for an oleo-resin from the Pi- 
 nus palustris and Pinus tseda. 
 
 Te r ebi n ' t h i n a Can -a-den 'sis* 
 
 (“Canada Turpentine”), or ISal'sam of 
 Fir. The Pharmacopoeial name || for the 
 juice of the Abies balsamen. It is some- 
 times called Bal' samum Canaden'se, or 
 “ Canada Balsam.” 
 
 Terobiii'thina Fbi'a.* The Phar- 
 macopoeial name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
 for the Chian (or Cyprian) turpentine. 
 554 
 
 Terebin'tbina Yen'e-ta.* The 
 
 Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) for 
 Venice turpentine, obtained from Pinus 
 larix, or the larch-tree. 
 
 Terebin'tbina Yul-g-a'ris.* Com- 
 mon turpentine obtained from Pinus 
 sylvestris. 
 
 Terebinth ina? Oleum. See Oleum 
 Terebinthin^e. 
 
 Ter-e-bin'tbi-nate. [Terebinthi- 
 
 na'tus.] Of the nature of turpentine; 
 containing turpentine. 
 
 Ter 'e-bra,* and Ter-e-bel'la.* 
 
 [From ter'ebro, to “bore.”] Literally, a 
 “borer.” In Surgery, a trepan. 
 
 Terebrantia,' ;: ter-e-bran'she-a. 
 
 [Neuter plural of ter’ebrans , present par- 
 ticiple of ter'ebro, to “bore.”] Literally, 
 “boring [animals].” A term applied to 
 a section of hymenopterous insects pos- 
 sessing an instrument (termed ter'ebro , 
 or “borer”) for perforating bodies in 
 order to deposit their eggs. Some of the 
 Tercbrantia, for example, the ichneumon- 
 fly, deposit their ova in the subcutaneous 
 fatty matter found in the larvae and 
 pupae of other insects, so that their young 
 when hatched are abundantly provided 
 with the needful nourishment. 
 
 Te'res,* gen. Ter'e-tis. A Latin 
 adjective, signifying “long and round,” 
 “terete.” Applied to two muscles, the 
 major and minor, which arise from the 
 scapula and are inserted into the hume- 
 rus. They move the arm in various di- 
 rections. 
 
 Te-rete'. [From te'res, “long and 
 round.”] Long and round, — that is, 
 having the cross-section circular. 
 
 Ter-e-tl-cau'lis.* [From te'res, 
 “round,” “terete,” and can' l is, a “stem.”] 
 Having a fine rounded stem. 
 
 Ter-gemi'i-nate. [Torg'em'inus ; 
 from ter, “thrice,” and gem'inns, “dou- 
 ble.”] “Three times double,” or thrice 
 twin ; as when a forked leaf-stalk has 
 two leaflets at the end of each portion, 
 and two at the division of the fork. 
 
 Ter-&I-sper'niiis.* [From ter' gum, 
 the “back,” and tmipya, “seed.”] Bear- 
 ing reproductive corpuscles on the back 
 of the leaves: tergispermous. 
 
 Ter'mi-nal. [From ter' minus, an 
 “end.”] Relating to the end. Often 
 applied substantively to the terminating 
 syllable or syllables of a compound 
 term, as -ate in Sulphate, - ides in Cono- 
 idcs. In Botany, belonging or relating 
 to the summit. 
 
 Tcr-ini-na'li-a.* A genus of East 
 Indian plants of the natural order Com- 
 
TER 
 
 TES 
 
 bretaccse. It bears a fruit called Myro- 
 balan, which see. 
 
 Ter-ml-nolo-gy. [Terminolo'- 
 
 gia; from te/mimis, a “term,” and A oyoj; 
 a “discourse.”] A treatise on the doc- 
 trine or science of technical terms be- 
 longing to the different arts and sciences ; 
 or that preliminary knowledge which 
 teaches us to define the technical or pe- 
 culiar terms employed. Often the same 
 as Glossology. 
 
 Ter'na-ry. [Tcrna'rius; from ter'~ 
 mis, “three,” or “three by three.”] Be- 
 longing to the number three, or consist- 
 ing of three. Arranged in threes. Ap- 
 plied by Dalton to any chemical com- 
 pound formed by the union of three 
 atoms. See Atomic Theory. 
 
 Ter'nate. [Terna'tus; from the 
 same.] Arranged three by three, or 
 united in threes; trifo’ia^e. Applied to 
 compound leaves, such as that of the 
 clover. 
 
 Ter-ni-fEo'rows. [TernflfJo'riis ; 
 
 from ter' mis, “by threes,” and jlos, a 
 “ flower.”] Having flowers disposed three 
 by three. 
 
 Ter-BBi-fo'li-ons. [TTemnafo'lius; 
 
 from ter'nus , “three by three,” and fo’- 
 lium , a “leaf.”] Having verticillated 
 leaves, three by three. 
 
 Ter-ni-spi'nws.* [From ter'mis, 
 “ three by three,” and spi'na , a “thorn.”] 
 Bearing spines which are arranged three 
 by three. 
 
 TernstroBiaiaceay* tern-sirom-e-a'- 
 shc-e. [From Ternstro’mia , one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 trees and shrubs, natives of China, Ja- 
 pan, India, and America. It includes 
 the beautiful Camel' lia Jcpon’ lea and 
 the The' a (tea-plant), the decoction of 
 which is a favorite beverage of the civi- 
 lized world. 
 
 Ter'ra.* A Latin word signifying 
 the “land;” hence, applied to the planet 
 Earth, also to the substances termed 
 earths. See Earth. 
 
 Ter'ra Ja^posa'i-ca.* (“Japan 
 Ear.h.”) See Catechu. 
 
 Ter'ra T.em'ia2-a.* (“Lemnian 
 Earth.”) An argillaceous substance, 
 prepared, it is said, from the fruit of the 
 Bao-bab tree, which has been employed 
 as an astringent. 
 
 Ter'ra ©-rel-la'ma,* or Ter'ra ©a> 
 le-a'isa.* Names for Annotto, which see. 
 
 Ter'ra Feii-de-ro'sa.^- (“ Heavy 
 Earth.”) See Baryta. 
 
 Ter'rse O'le-tim.* (“ Oil of Earth.”) 
 A name for petroleum. 
 
 T£r-ra/<iue-©us. [From ter'ra, the 
 “earth,” and a’ qua, “water.”] Consist- 
 ing of land and water. 
 
 Ter-rene'. [Terre'mis; from ter'ra , 
 the “earth.”] Belonging to the earth; 
 terrestrial. 
 
 T^r're-ous. [Ter'reus; from the 
 same.] Of the nature of earth; earthy. 
 
 Ter-ro'sus.* [From ter'ra , “earth.”] 
 Earthy, or full of earth. 
 
 Tertian, ter'shan. [Tertia'ims ; 
 from ter' tins, “third.”] (Fr. Tierce , te- 
 euss'.) Applied to one of the most com- 
 mon forms of intermittent fever, in which 
 the intermission lasts about forty-eight 
 hours, and thus the paroxysm returns 
 every third day; a genus of the order 
 Febris, class Fi/rcxise, of Cullen’s Nos- 
 ology. 
 
 Tertiary, ter'she-a-Ye. [Terifia'ri- 
 us: from the same.] Tertiary strata, a 
 series of sedimentary rocks, which lie 
 above the primary and secondary strata, 
 and are distinguished from them by 
 their organic remains. 
 
 Tes'sel-lat-e<8. [Tessella'tus; from 
 tcssel'la, a “small square stone.”] Hav- 
 ing square figures ; chequered. 
 
 Tes'su-lar. [From tes'sula , diminu- 
 tive of tee' sera, a “square,” or “square 
 tile.”] Applied to a system of crystals 
 derived from the hexahedron. 
 
 Test. [From the old French taster 
 ( tdter ), to “feel,” to “taste,” to “try.”] 
 As a verb, it signifies to “try,” or 
 “prove.” Applied in Chemistry, as a 
 noun, to any thing b} r which we distin- 
 guish the chemical nature of substances 
 from each other: thus, infusion of galls 
 is a test of the presence of iron, which it 
 renders evident by the production of a 
 black color in water and other liquids 
 containing that metal. 
 
 Tcst-Pa'per, or Lit mus Pa 'per. 
 Paper dipped several times in a filtered 
 infusion of litmus, and dried after each 
 immersion until it is of a deep-purple 
 color. It is used as a test of the pres- 
 ence of free acids or alkalies. 
 
 Tes'ta.* Originally, an “ earthen pot ;” 
 also, a “shell.” The, outer seed-coat or 
 integument of a seed. Also, the shell of 
 a molluscous animal. See Shell. 
 
 Tes'tfa.* Oyster-shell. The Phar- 
 macopceinl name (U.S. Ph.) for the shell 
 of the Os'trea edu'lis. 
 
 Tes'ta ©'vi.* “Shell of Egg,” or 
 egg-shell. 
 
 Testacea,* tes-ta'she-a, or Tes-ta'- 
 ceaws. [From tes’ta, a “shell.”] An 
 order of molluscous animals comprising 
 555 
 
TES 
 
 TET 
 
 'hose which have a calcareous shell. 
 Jee Shell. 
 
 Testaceans, See Testacea. 
 
 TestaceiSorm, tes-ta'sheH-form. 
 
 [Testaceifor'mis; from tes'ta, a 
 “shell.”] Having the form of a kind of 
 shell. 
 
 Testaceog-raphy, tes-ta-she-og'ra-fe, 
 [Testaceogra'pliia; from testa' ceus^ 
 and ypZ([ >w, to “write.”] A description 
 of the Testacea. 
 
 Testaceology, tes-ta-she-ol'o-j e. 
 
 [Testaceolo'gia; from testa’ ceus, and 
 \oyug, a “ discourse/’] A treatise on the 
 Testacea ; the science of testaceous mol- 
 lusks; Conch ology. 
 
 Tes-tu'ceous. [Testa'ceus; from 
 tes'ta, a “shell/’ or “earthen pot.”] Be- 
 longing to, or having, a shell; of the 
 nature of a shell. In Botany, brownish 
 yellow, like unglazed earthen-ware. 
 
 Tes'tes,* gen. Tes'ti-um, the plural 
 of Testis, which see. 
 
 Tes'tes Cer'e-l>ri.* The two infe- 
 rior and posterior of the tubercu/a quad- 
 riyemina. 
 
 Testicle. See Testis. 
 
 Testicle, Inflamed, or Testicle, 
 Swelled. See Orchitis. 
 
 Tes-tic'n-late. [Testicula'tus; 
 
 from testic'ulus , a “testicle.”] Having 
 the appearance of small testicles. 
 
 Testicular Coaxl. See Spermatic 
 Cord. 
 
 Tes-tic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of tes’ - 
 <i*.] A testicle. See Testis. 
 
 Tes'tis,* plural Tes'tes. [Literally, 
 a “ witness because they furnish evi- 
 dence of one’s virility.] A testicle, or 
 gland which secretes the semen ; oner of 
 two small ovoid bodies contained in the 
 scrotum, and more immediately covered 
 by a strong white and dense coat called 
 Tu'nica albnyin'ea. 
 
 Tes'tis Foe-min'e-os,* or Tes'tas 
 Mu-li-e'l>ris. ;;: ’ (“Female Testicle.”) 
 A name sometimes applied to the ovary. 
 
 Tes-ti'tis, idis.% [From tes’tis, a 
 “testicle.”] The same as Orchitis, 
 which see. 
 
 Tes-tu'do, inis* plural Tes-tu'di- 
 nes. [From tes’ta, a “shell.”] A tor- 
 toise; a genus of the order Chelonia. 
 Applied to a melicerous tumor of the 
 scalp, supposed to resemble a tortoise. 
 
 Te-tan'ic. [Tetan'icos.] Belong- 
 ing to tetanus. Also applied to a patient 
 affected with tetanus when in the excited 
 condition. 
 
 Te-tan't-ca.* [From tet'anus."] Agents 
 which augment the irritability of the 
 556 
 
 muscles inducing tetanus or spasm, as 
 strychnia, etc. 
 
 Tet'a-node. [Tetano'des: from 
 tet'anus, and eicog, a “form,” or “resem- 
 blance.”] Literally, “ affected with some- 
 thing resembling tetanus.” Applied to a 
 patient affected with tetanus when in 
 the unexcited state, as distinguished 
 from his being excited or tetanic. — (M. 
 Hall.) 
 
 Tet a-noid. [Tetanoi'des; from 
 
 the same.] Resembling tetanus. 
 
 Tet'a^nus.* [From reiu a>, to “stretch.”] 
 (Fr. Tetanus , t&'t&'nos'.) A disease in 
 which there is a spasmodic contraction 
 of the muscles of voluntary motion, with 
 tension and rigidity of the parts affected; 
 spasm with rigidity. A genus of the 
 order Spasmi , class Neuroses, of Cullen’s 
 Nosology. 
 
 Tel' anus €om-pIe'tws.* (“ Com- 
 plete Tetanus.”) A variety of tetanus, 
 consisting in the spasmodic and rigid 
 contraction of the greater number of 
 the voluntary muscles, which thus an- 
 tagonize and counteract one another. 
 
 Tetanus Emprosthotonos. See 
 
 Emprosthotonos. 
 
 Tetanus Opisthotonos. See Opis- 
 thotonos. 
 
 Tetanus Pleurothotonos. See 
 
 Pleurothotonos. 
 
 Tet'anus Tris'inus.* A variety of 
 tetanus, consisting in spastic rigidity of 
 the muscles of the lower jaw; locked- 
 jaw. 
 
 Tet'ra-. [Gr. r hpa, for Acaepa, “ four.”] 
 A prefix denoting the number four. 
 
 Tet-ra^car'pel-la-ry. [From At pa, 
 “four,” and car'pel.~\ Consisting of four 
 carpels. 
 
 Tet-ra-cliot'o-nnous. [Tetraclnot'- 
 omus; from Arpa\a, “in four parts,” 
 and Apv co, to “cut.”] Cut or divided 
 into four parts. 
 
 Tet-ra-cl y-na ' mi -a. * [From rcrpa, 
 “four,” and tivi/a/iig, “power.”] The fif- 
 teenth Linnaean class of plants, compris- 
 ing those which have four long and two 
 short stamens. 
 
 Tet-ra-dyn'a-mous. [Tetradyna - 
 
 mius; from the same.] Having six 
 stamens, of w’hich four are long and two 
 short. 
 
 Tetraedron. See Tetrahedron. 
 
 Tet-ra-fo'll-ale. [Tetrafolia'tus; 
 from Arpa , “four,” and fo' Hum , a “leaf.”] 
 Having bijugate leaves. Applied to a 
 pinnate leaf with two pairs of leaflets. 
 
 Tet'ra-g-on. [Tetrag'o'iiiiin ; from 
 Arpa, “four,” and yowia, an “angl^.”] A 
 
TET 
 
 THA 
 
 figure of four angles and sides; a quad- 
 rangle. 
 
 Tet-rag'o-iaal. [Tetrag-o'mis.] 
 
 Belonging to a tetragon; four-angled. 
 
 Tetragoniaceae,* tet-ra-go-ne-a'- 
 she-e. [From Tetrago'nia , ope of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 succulent plants (mostly herbaceous), 
 found in the South Sea Islands and in 
 the tropics. 
 
 Tet-ra-gyn i-ous. [Tetragyn'ius ; 
 
 from rerpa, “four,” and ywr), a “woman,” 
 or “female.”] Having four pistils. Ap- 
 plied to a Linnaean order. 
 
 Tet-rag'y-nous. The same as Tet- 
 ragynious, which see. 
 
 Tet-ra-li e '<1 ri-cal . [Tet ralie 'd ri- 
 
 cns.] Belonging to a tetrahedron. 
 
 Tet-ra-tie'<lroii. [Tetrahcdrum ; 
 from rerpa, “four,” and edpa, a “base.”] 
 A solid figure bounded by four equilate- 
 ral and equal triangles. It is one of the 
 Platonic bodies, or regular solids. 
 
 Te-tram'e- rous. [From rerpa, “four,” 
 and piepog, a “part.”] Having four parts 
 in each whorl. Applied to flowers which 
 have four petals, four stamens, etc. It 
 is often printed thus : 4-merous. 
 
 Te t-ran 'd ri-a. * [From rerpa, “four,” 
 and auT/p, a “man,” or “male.”] The 
 fourth Linnaean class of plants, com- 
 prising those which have four stamens 
 in each flower. 
 
 Tet-raii'droias. [Tetran 'drills ; 
 
 from the same.] Having four stamens. 
 
 Tet-ra-phyl'lous. [TetrapfiiyT- 
 lus; from rerpa , “four,” and x^vXkov, v a 
 “leaf.”] Having four leaves. 
 
 Te-trap'o-dous. [Tetrap'oclus ; 
 from rerpa , “four,” and tt ov s , a “foot.”] 
 Having four feet. 
 
 Te-trap'ter-ics.* [From rn-pa, “four,” 
 and Trrepov, a “wing.”] Tetrapterous; 
 having four wings. Applied to plants. 
 
 Tet-ra-sep 'a-lous. [Tetirasep'a- 
 lus; from rerpa , “four,” and sep'alus, 
 a “sepal.”] Having four sepals. 
 
 Tet-ra-sper ' ma-tous. [ Tet rasper'- 
 matus; from rerpa, “four,” and aireppa, a 
 “seed.”] Having four seeds. 
 
 Tet-ra-ste'mo-iiis.'^ [From rerpa, 
 “four,” and crrjpuov, a “stamen.”] Hav- 
 ing four stamens. 
 
 Te-tras'ta-elfious. [Tetras'ticliiis ; 
 
 from rerpa, “four,” and arixog, a “row.”] 
 Disposed in four vertical ranks. Applied 
 to leaves. 
 
 Tet-ra-sty'lous. [Tetrasty 'lus ; 
 
 from rerpa, “ four,” and arvXog, a “ style,” 
 *ur a “pillar.”] Having four styles. 
 
 Tetter. See Psoriasis. 
 
 Tet'ter, Moist (or Ilii'mid), and 
 Tet'ter, Run ning. Popular names 
 for Impetigo, which see. 
 
 Teu'crI-um Cha-mse'drys.* Ger 
 mander. A plant of the natural order 
 Labiutse. It is bitter and aromatic. 
 
 Teucrium Earum. See Marum 
 Syriacum. 
 
 Tex'tl-torim. [ Text i for 'mis; from 
 tex'tum, a “ web,” or “ tissue.”] Formed 
 like a tissue or network. 
 
 Tex'tu-ral. Pertaining to a texture 
 or tissue. 
 
 Tex'ture. [Textu'ra; from tex'o, 
 tex'tum, to “ weave.”] See Tissue. 
 
 Thseria. See Theria. 
 
 Hinal'a-mi,* the plural of Thalamus. 
 
 Ihalnnii Ner-io'ruin Op-ti-co'- 
 rum.* (“Beds of the Optic Nerves.”) 
 See Optic Thalamus, and Corpora 
 Striata. 
 
 Tluil-a-mi-flo'rous. [Tfralami- 
 
 flo'rus; from thal'amus, a “bridal 
 chamber,” also “receptacle,” and flos, a 
 “flower.”] Having the stamens and 
 pistils inserted in the receptacle. 
 
 Tlnal'a-Biiiis,* plural Thal'a-mi. 
 [Gr. QdXapog, a “chamber,” or “bridal 
 bed.”] Applied to a body of white sub- 
 stance at the base of each lateral ven- 
 tricle of the brain, which in part gives 
 origin to the optic nerve. Also, a term 
 for the receptacle of a flower. 
 
 T3ia-las'sie. [Tlialas'sicus; from 
 QaXaooa, the “sea.”] A geological term 
 applied by some writers to the strata of 
 superior sediment, — i.e. from the surface 
 of the earth to the limestone. 
 
 TBia-las-si-oplo y -t us.* [From 6d~ 
 Xaaaa, the “sea,” and tyvrov, a “plant.”] 
 Applied in the plural feminine ( Thalas - 
 sioph'ytse ) to the marine Algse. 
 
 TBial'li,* the plural of Thallus, 
 which see. 
 
 TUial'Ho-gen. A plant consisting of 
 tha/li only. 
 
 TSial-log-'e-noits. [Tliallog'e- 
 
 nns; from thal'lus , and yewau, to “pro- 
 duce.”] Producing thalli. 
 
 TBoalTo-geiis. A synonyme for 
 Thallopiiytes, which see. 
 
 Thallo-phytes. [Thallopli'y- 
 
 firni : from thal'lus, and0uroi/, a “plant.”] 
 A natural class of eryptogamous plants, 
 having no distinction of axis and foli- 
 age, as lichens, fungi, and algae. Also 
 called Thallogens. 
 
 Tliarius,* plural TEial'li. [From 
 
 6d\\(x), to “ be verdant.”] A term ap- 
 plied to the organs of vegetation of 
 lichens, sea-weeds, etc. 
 
 557 
 
THA 
 
 THE 
 
 Tiian-a-todeS. 5 [From Oavaros, 
 
 "death."] Deadly; causing death. 
 
 Tlum-a*. to-i'des.* [From Oavaro;, 
 
 “ death," and £t<5«s, a “ form."] Resem- 
 
 bling death : thanatoid. 
 
 Than-a»tol'o-gy. [Ttianatol©'- 
 
 g-ia; from OJharoj, “death," and Aoyo;, a 
 “ discourse."] Literally, a “ discourse 
 or treatise on death." That branch of 
 Pathology which treats of the phenom- 
 ena and proximate cause of death. 
 
 TIi£, tA The French for Thea and 
 Tea, which see. 
 
 The'a.* The tea-shrub, of which 
 there are several species; also, tea. 
 See Tea. 
 
 Tlie'a Xi'gra.* The systematic 
 name for the plant which yields black 
 tea, or Bohea. 
 
 T3ie'a \lrl*«lis. i: The systematic 
 name for the plant which yields green 
 tea. 
 
 Tlie-be'si-i Fo-ram'i-na.* (“ Ori- 
 fices of Thebesius.") Certain small ori- 
 fices on the right auricle of the heart, 
 first described by Thebesius. 
 
 The'ca. ;i: ' [Gr. Own ; from riOnpu, to 
 “ place."] Literally, “the place where 
 any thing is kept;" hence, a case, or 
 sheath. In Anatomy, the investing 
 membranous covering or sheath of the 
 spinal cord and nerves. In Botany, an 
 anther-cell ; also, the spore-case, or urn, 
 of mosses. 
 
 Tlie'ca Ver-te-tora'lis.* (“Verte- 
 bral Sheath.") A prolongation of the 
 dura mater lined by the arachnoid mem- 
 brane, which is continued down and 
 invests the spinal cord as far as the 
 third lumbar vertebra, and sends off a 
 tubular process to each of the spinal 
 nerves. 
 
 The'ca-phore. [Theca^h 'or am ; 
 
 from Own, a “case," or “sheath," .and 
 (pepcx), to “bear."] Synonymous with 
 Gynaphore, which see. 
 
 Tlie-$i'tis.*[From tlie'ca, a “ sheath."] 
 Inflammation of the sheath of a tendon. 
 
 Tliec'o-dus, on'tis* [From Own, a 
 “case," or “sheath," and dtov;, a 
 “tooth."] A covered or sheathed tooth. 
 
 The'in. [TBiei'na; from The' a, the 
 “ tea-plant."] A substance found in the 
 tea-shrub, assuming the form of beauti- 
 ful crystals having a large proportion of 
 nitrogen in their composition. It is be- 
 lieved to be the same as caffein , found in 
 coffee. 
 
 Tlie-li'tis, idi8 * [From 0 . 7 X 17 , a 
 “nipple."] Inflammation- of the nipples. 
 
 The'nal. [From thc'nar .] Belonging 
 558 
 
 to the palm of the hand; applied by 
 Dr. Barclay as meaning towards the 
 palm of the hand. 
 
 Tiie'nar, ar<V* [Gr. Os^ap.] The 
 palm of the hand, or the sole of the foot. 
 Also, a muscle extending the thumb. 
 
 Tiie-©-tor©'ma €a-cs/©.* A plant 
 of the natural order Sterculiacese, the 
 seeds of which, when roasted and made 
 into paste with vanilla, constitute cho- 
 colate. 
 
 Tiie-©-ma'nI-a.* [From Otoy, “God," 
 and /xai/ia, “madness."] Religious mad- 
 ness or melancholy. 
 
 T ti e-o- ma - 11 i/a-c us.* Belonging to 
 theomania: theomaniacal. 
 
 Tlae'o-rem. [Tiheore'ma, a tis; 
 from OecopM, to “view," to “weigh," or 
 “•consider."] In Geometry, a truth 
 proposed to be proved. 
 
 TSie-o-ret'X-cal. [TEaeorei'icais ; 
 from the same.] Relating to theory; 
 speculative; not practical. 
 
 T2ie'©-ry. [Gr. Oeoopta ; from the 
 same.] The abstract principles of any 
 science or art, considered without refer- 
 ence to practice. In Science, a connected 
 arrangement of facts according to their 
 bearing on some real or hypothetical law. 
 
 TBier-a-pel 'a,* or T2aer-a-pi'a.* 
 [From Qcpcnrevb), to “heal."] Synonymous 
 with Therapeutics. 
 
 TBaer-a-peia'tic, or Tlier-a-pefi ' tl- 
 cal. [TBierapeu'ticiis; from thera- 
 peu'tica.] Belonging to therapeutics. 
 
 Th^r-a-pefi' tics. [Therapeti ' tice, 
 TBierapeai'tica ; from Osparrevu, to 
 “cure."] That branch of Medicine which 
 treats of the application of remedies, and 
 the curative treatment of diseases. 
 
 T2ier-a-peu ' tist. ' [From the same.] 
 A person who is skilful in therapeutics, 
 or who practises therapeutics. 
 
 Tiherapia. See Therapeia. 
 
 TBie'ri-a.* [From Onpio;, “savage."] 
 A name for Radesyge, which see. 
 
 The-ri'a-ca. :;: [From Orjp, a “wild 
 beast," or any wild animal.] The'riac. 
 An antidote to poisons, or the bites of 
 venomous animals. Also, the Pharma- 
 copoeial name (Br. Ph.) for molasses, or 
 treacle. 
 
 Tike- ri-o-ca- tar 'rims.* [From Ofas, 
 “summer," and catar'rhns, a “catarrh."; 
 Summer catarrh, or hay-fever; hay- 
 asthma. 
 
 Tlic-rt-o'ina.* [From Onp, a “fierce 
 or savage animal."] A term applied to 
 a very malignant ulcer. 
 
 TBie-rl-ot'o-my. [Tlierlot'ome, 
 or Tlierioto'mia ; from 6«p'iov, a “ beast," 
 
THE 
 
 TIIO 
 
 and ri/ivco, to “cut.”] Dissection of the 
 lower animals; the same as Zootomy. 
 
 Ther mae* (occurring only in the 
 plural). [From depprj, “heat.”] Warm 
 springs, or warm baths. 
 
 Tlier'mal. [Thermal is ; from 
 Olppi, “heat.”] Pertaining to warmth 
 or heat, or to hot springs. 
 
 Ther-anol o-gry. [Thermolo'gtfa ; 
 from Ocp/i*), “heat,” and A oyo,, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on heat; the science 
 of heat. 
 
 Tflaer-mom'e-ter. [Thermom'e* 
 triini; from 0 %t 7 , “ heat,” and pirpor, a 
 “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring or ascertaining the degree of 
 temperature of different bodies, but 
 especially of the atmosphere. Among 
 the different kinds of thermometers, the 
 following are the most important: 
 
 1. Fahrenheit's (far'en-hlts) Ther- 
 mometer ; the scale of which, between 
 the freezing and boiling points of water 
 under a medium pressure of the atmo- 
 sphere, is. divided into one hundred and 
 eighty parts or degrees, the freezing 
 point being marked 32°, and the boiling 
 point 212°. Fahrenheit’s scale is almost 
 universally employed in England and the 
 United States. 
 
 2. Centigrade Thermometer; in the 
 scale of which there are just one hundred 
 degrees between the freezing and boiling 
 points of water, the former being marked 
 0°, or zero, and the latter 100°. This 
 scale is generally used in France, and 
 in many other countries of Continental 
 Europe, and is perhaps the most conve- 
 nient in practice. 
 
 3. BSaumur’s (r&'o'muRz') Thermome- 
 ter. In this scale the freezing point is 
 marked 0°, and the boiling point 80°. 
 In this and also in the Centigrade, the 
 degrees are continued of the same size 
 below and above these points, those be- 
 low being reckoned negative. These 
 different modes of graduation are easily 
 convertible. The scale of Centigrade is 
 reduced to that of Fahrenheit by multiply- 
 ing by nine and dividing by five; that of 
 Reaumur to that of Fahrenheit by divid- 
 ing by four instead of five; or that of 
 Fahrenheit to either of these by revers- 
 ing the process. Thus, — C. 100° X 9 = 
 900-2-5 = lS0°+32 o =212 o F.: R. 80°X 
 9 = 720-s-4 =--=180° + 32°=212° F. 
 
 Thermometer. Differencial (dif- 
 fer-en'shal). An instrument of great use 
 in experimental philosophy, for measur- 
 ing very small differences of temperature. 
 
 Ther 'mo-scope. [Tlieronosco'- 
 
 paum; from Qeppn, “heat,” and ckotteca, 
 to “examine.”] An instrument for mea- 
 suring minute differences of temperature. 
 The same as Differential Thermo- 
 meter. See preceding article. 
 
 The'seS,* the plural of Thesis. 
 
 The'sis,* plural The ses. [Gr. deaig, 
 a “position.”] A proposition, affirma- 
 tive or negative, which is advanced or 
 laid down to be supported by argument; 
 also applied to an essay composed by a 
 candidate for graduation in medicine or 
 some other branch of learning or science. 
 
 Thigh. See Femur. 
 
 Thigh-Bone. See Os Femoris. 
 
 Third Pair (of Kervcs). See Mo- 
 tores OCULORUM. 
 
 Tint rot. [Lat. Satis; Gr. Fr. 
 
 Soify sw&f.] A sensation attended with 
 a disire to drink, having its seat chiefly 
 in flic mouth and fauces, but also felt in 
 the pharynx, oesophagus, and, in extreme 
 cases, the stomach ; all, however, modi- 
 fied by circumstances. When it is mor- 
 bid, it is usually termed dipsosis ; when 
 excessive, polydipsia. See Dipsosis, and 
 Polydipsia. 
 
 TBiirot, Gloria i<l. See Dipsosis. 
 
 Tflioiii-so'iii-aii-isin. A fanciful or 
 empirical system of medicine introduced 
 by Thomson, a native of New Hamp- 
 shire. Thomson and his immediate fol- 
 lowers rejected all mineral medicines: 
 they had frequent recourse to powerful 
 emetics (usually of lobelia), to profuse 
 sweats from vapor-baths, and to power- 
 fully stimulating compounds, in which 
 capsicum was an abundant ingredient. 
 The system has, however, been, it is said, 
 materially modified, and more cautious 
 treatment is now generally pursued. 
 
 Tlio-ra-^en-te'ssis.* The same as 
 Thoracocentesis, which see. 
 
 Tho-ra$'ie. [Thora^'icus.] Be- 
 longing to the thorax. 
 
 Thora^'ic Duct. [Dnc'tus Tlio- 
 ra^'icus.] The principal trunk of the 
 absorbent vessels lying upon the dorsal 
 vertebrae. It commences at the recep- 
 taculum chyli, which is formed by the 
 junction of several large lymphatic 
 trunks. Its contents are discharged into 
 the left subclavian vein. At its termi- 
 nation there are two valves, which pre- 
 vent the blood from flowing from the 
 vein into the duct. 
 
 Tho-rac'o-^en-te'sis.* [From tho'- 
 rax, and tdvrricns, a “pricking.”] A pierc- 
 ing of the thorax, as in the operation 
 for empyema. 
 
 Tho-ra-cod'y-ne,* or Tho-rac-o- 
 
 559 
 
THO 
 
 THU 
 
 iiyn'i-».* [From tho'rax, and ohvvrj, 
 i( pain.”] Pain in the chest. 
 
 Tho-rac-o-my-o-dyn'i-a** [From 
 tho'rac, and myodyn'ia, “ pain of a mus- 
 cle/'] Muscular pain in the chest. 
 
 Tha-rac-a-pa-thi ' a.* [From Qhpa\, 
 OtopotKog, the “ chest," and irhOog, an “ affec- 
 tion."] An affection or disease of the 
 chest. 
 
 Tho-rac'o-sie-na'sis.* [From tho'- 
 rax, and oTzvcxy, to “ straiten. ”J Coarcta- 
 tion or contraction of the chest. 
 
 T«r>'rax, aids.* [Gr. Qjjpa.%, a 
 “ breastplate.”] (Fr. Poitrine , pwa'- 
 tn&n'.) The chest, or that part of the 
 b)dy between the nock and diaphragm, 
 in the cavity of which are contained the 
 lungs and the heart. Also, the trunk, or 
 intermediate portion of the body of in- 
 sects which bears the legs. 
 
 Tbo-ri'na.* [From Thor , a Scandi- 
 navian idol.] An earth discovered in a 
 rare Norwegian mineral called thorite. 
 Thorina is an oxide of thorium. 
 
 Tho'ri-um. ; ’ [From the same.] 
 A heavy gray metal which combined 
 with oxygen forms thorina. 
 
 Thorn. [Spi'na.] An imperfectly 
 developed, indurated, leafless branch of 
 a woody plant, tapering to a point. 
 
 Thorn-Apple. See Datura Stramo- 
 nium. 
 
 Thorn, E-^yp'tian. The Acacia 
 Vera, which see. 
 
 Thread. See Filament. 
 
 Threacl-lihe. See Filiform. 
 
 Thread-Worm. Sec Oxyurus. 
 
 Three-Cornered. See Trigonal, 
 and Triquetrous. 
 
 Three-Eeaved. See Trifoliate, 
 and Triphyllous. 
 
 Tli rep-sol o-£y . [Threpsolo'gia ; 
 
 from threp'sis, “ nutrition,” and X>yo;, a 
 “ discourse.”] A treatise on the nutrition 
 of organized bodies; the doctrine or 
 science of nutrition. 
 
 Thrid'a-ce. [Tlirida'cinm ; from 
 6p'da%, the “ lettuce.”] A substance ob- 
 tained from lettuce, supposed to be iden- 
 tical with Lactucarium. 
 
 Throat. [Lat. Gn'la, flwoit'tur, and 
 Ju'^uluin; Fr. Gorge , goRzh.] The 
 common name of the pharynx; also of 
 the anterior part of th 3 neck, or jugulum. 
 Applied in Botany to the orifice of a 
 tubular flower or other organ. 
 
 Throm bi,- the plural of Thrombus, 
 which see. 
 
 Tlirom-bo'ded.* [From throm'hu *.] 
 Resembling or having thrombi: throm- 
 bous. 
 
 Throm 'bold. [Thromboi'des; 
 
 from throm' bus, and elhog, a “ form.”] Re- 
 sembling a throm' bus. 
 
 TJiroin-bo'sis.^ The formation or 
 progress of throm'bus. The obstruction 
 of vessels by a morbid product developed 
 in the very locality of the obstruction, 
 and thus distinguished from embolia (or 
 embolism ), which consists in the obstruc- 
 tion of a vessel by a piece of coagulum 
 (or thrombus) carried into the circulation 
 from a distant part of the system. 
 
 Throm 'baas,* plural Throm 'bi. 
 [From QpofAjog, a “clot of blood.”] A 
 small tumor of extravasated blood after 
 bleeding or contusion. Applied by 
 Virchow to a coagulum, forming, from 
 some morbific cause, usually in a small 
 vein, and gradually prolonged into the 
 larger veins, so that ultimately portions 
 are broken off and carried into the cir- 
 culation, thus producing what is termed 
 embolism. (See Embolia.) To the original 
 thrombus (not the prolonged portion) he 
 has applied the epithet autoch' thonous 
 [from avrog, “ itself,” and \9~hv, “ country,” 
 or ‘‘place”], that is, “produced in the 
 place itself,” and not derived from an- 
 other part. 
 
 Thrush. A popular term for aphthve 
 on the tongue, lining membrane of the 
 mouth, fauces, etc., of infants. See 
 Apiitha. 
 
 Thumb. [Pol'Iex, ids.'] The first, 
 or greatest, of the fingers. In Orni- 
 thology, a small bone of the hand, or 
 third portion of the anterior extremity; 
 also, the shortest toe, which has only two 
 phalanges. Also, the first finger of the 
 forefoot of certain reptiles. 
 
 Thim'der-bolt. A name for the 
 Belemnite, which see. 
 
 Thu-rif'er-ous. [Thurif 'erus ; 
 from thus, thu'ris , “frankincense,” and 
 fe’ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or producing 
 frankincense. 
 
 Til ms, u'Ws.* [From 0vo>, to “ offer a 
 sacrifice;” because it was used in making 
 offerings to the gods.] The Olibanum, 
 or true frankincense, obtained from the 
 Boswel'lia serra'ta. 
 
 Thus A-mer-I-ca'num.* (“American 
 Frankincense.”) The Pharmacopoeia! 
 name (Br. Ph.) for common frankincense, 
 or the concrete turpentine of the Finns 
 tseda and Finns palnstris. 
 
 Thu'ya (or Thuja) Oc-^I-den-ta'- 
 lns.* Ar'bor Vita (“ Treo of Life”). A 
 treo belonging to the natural order Coni- 
 fers. The leaves and twigs have been 
 used in dropsy, interm itten 1 fevers, etc 
 
 560 
 
THY 
 
 TIG 
 
 Tiiymelaceae,* thim-e-la'she-e. 
 [From Thymelse' a, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous plants 
 (mostly shrubs), found in Australia, 
 South Africa, and other regions. The 
 great feature of this order is the causti- 
 city of the bark. It includes the Daphne 
 Mezereum, used as a medicine, and Dirca 
 (Leatherwood). 
 
 Thy'mic. [TJiym'icus.] Belong- 
 ing to the thymus gland. 
 
 TJiy-mi'tis, id is.* [From thy'mus.] 
 Inflammation of the thymus gland. 
 
 Tiiy 'mus.** [From Ov co, to “ sacrifice.”] 
 Thyme. A Linnsean genus of the class 
 Didynamia , natural order Labiatse or 
 Lamiacese. In Anatomy, the thymus 
 gland. 
 
 Tliy'miis Gland. Situated in the 
 neck of the foetus, disappearing after 
 birth as a gland. 
 
 Thy'mus Vul-ga'ris.* The sys- 
 tematic name of common thyme, an 
 aromatic plant, which is reputed to be a 
 resolvent, tonic, and stomachic. It is 
 used in cookery more than in medi- 
 cine. 
 
 Tliy're-o-A-ryi-je-no-i-dse'ws.* A 
 
 muscle arising from the thyroid and in- 
 serted into the arytenoid cartilage. It 
 widens the glottis. 
 
 Tliy're-o-£ele.* [From 6-peog, an 
 “oblong shield,” and icfiXi, a “ tumor.”] 
 Tumor or swelling of the thyroid gland. 
 See Thyreophyma. 
 
 Thy're-o-Ep-i-giot-ti-de'us.* A 
 muscle arising from the thyroid cartilage 
 and inserted into the side of the epi- 
 glottis. It has been divided by Albinus 
 into the major and minor. 
 
 Thy're-o-My-o-i'de-us.* A muscle 
 arising from the thyroid cartilage and 
 inserted into the os hyoides. It brings 
 the larynx and hyoid bone towards each 
 other. 
 
 Tliy-re-on'cus.* [From Qrpeog, an 
 “oblong shield,” and oy*oj, a “tumor.”] 
 A tumor of the thyroid gland. The 
 same as Thyreocele. 
 
 Thy re-o- play 'ma, a tis.% [From 
 0)ps6;, an “oblong shield,” and ty-vya, a 
 “tumor.”] An enlargement of the thy- 
 roid gland. Similar to Thyreocele. 
 
 Thy'ro-My'al. [TtiyroIayaTis ; 
 from thy'ro -, and hyoi'des os, the “hyoid 
 bone.”] Applied by Owen to the homo- 
 logues of the lateral lingual bone, or 
 larger horn of the hyoid bone. 
 
 Thy'roid. [Tliyroi'des; from Opeog, 
 <i “shield,” and eltog, a “form.”] Re- 
 sembling a shield. See Scutiform. 
 
 48 
 
 Tliy'rold Car'll-lage. The largest 
 of the cartilages of the larynx, forming 
 the Pomum Adami. 
 
 Thyroid Gland. Situated on the 
 cricoid cartilage, trachea, and horns of 
 the thyroid cartilage. 
 
 Thyrse. [Lat. Thyr'sns, plural 
 Thyr'si; Gr. Oi'poog.] A compact panicle 
 of a pyramidal, oval, or oblong outline, 
 such as the flower-cluster of the Lilac, 
 or a bunch of grapes. 
 
 Thyr-sif er*ous. [Thyrsif 'erus ; 
 from thyr'srs, a “thyrse,” and fe'ro, to 
 “bear.”J Having or bearing thyrses. 
 
 Tliyr-si-flo'rus.* [From thyr'sns, a 
 “thyrse,” and fos, a “flower.”] Having 
 flowers disposed in thyrses. 
 
 Thyr'sns. The same as Thyrse, 
 which see. 
 
 Tib'i-a.# A Latin word signifying a 
 “pipe,” or “flute.” Applied to the larg- 
 est bone of the leg: the shin-bone. 
 
 Tib-i-a* us.* The same as Tibial, 
 which see. 
 
 Tib'i-al. [Tibia'lis.] Belonging to 
 the tibia. Applied by Dr. Barclay as 
 meaning towards the tibia. 
 
 Tab-i-a'lis.* (“Tibial.”) The name 
 of two muscles of the tibia, the anticvs 
 or flexor, and the posticus, called also ex- 
 tensor tarsi tibialis. 
 
 Tic Bouloureux, tik doo'loo-roo'. 
 (French pronunciation, t£k doo'loo'rrh'.) 
 Severe pain affecting the nerves of 
 the face, especially the infra- orbitary 
 branches of the fifth pair. 
 
 Tide. An insect of the genus Acarus, 
 which see. 
 
 Tide, Komestic. The Acarus do- 
 
 mesticus. 
 
 Tide, Itch. The A cams scabiei. 
 
 Tide. [Originally, a “time,” or “ sea- 
 son ;” because it returns at stated times.] 
 Applied to the ebb and flow of the sea, or 
 the periodic and alternate rise and fall 
 of the water of the ocean, caused princi- 
 pally by the attraction of the moon, and 
 modified by that of the sun. 
 
 Tierce, te-eRSs'. The French name 
 for Tertian, which see. 
 
 Tieut£. See Upas Tieute. 
 
 Ti-gdTa.* [Diminutive of tig'num , 
 a “rafter.”] That part of the embryo 
 of a plant which unites the radicle to the 
 cotyledon. 
 
 Tig'el-late. [Tig-ella'tus.] Supplied 
 
 with a tigella. 
 
 Tag’TE-i, Gra'na.* (“ Grains or Seeds 
 of Tiglium.”) The seeds of the Croton 
 tiglium. See Croton. 
 
 Tiglii, Oleum. See Oletjm Tiglii. 
 
 561 
 
TIO 
 
 TIN 
 
 Tig'li-um.* The specific name of 
 the Croton tiylium. 
 
 Tiliaceae, i: til-e-a'she-e. A natural 
 order of exogenous plants, found in 
 many tropical and temperate regions. 
 It includes the Til'ia (Linden or Lime 
 tree). The berries of some species are 
 eatable. „ 
 
 Tin. [Lat. Stan 'mini; Fr. JCtain, 
 AtaN°'.] A comparatively rare, white 
 metal, harder than lead, and very malle- 
 able. In ductility and tenacity it is in- 
 ferior to most of the other malleable 
 metals. Exposed to the air, it soon be- 
 comes superficially oxidized. Its specific 
 gravity is 7.2. The temperature at which 
 it melts is about 442°. 
 
 Tin'foil is an alloy of tin and lead in 
 the form of a thin lamina or leaf. 
 
 Tin'ca.* The tench fish. See Os 
 Tinc^e. 
 
 Tin 'cal. Crude borax as it is im- 
 ported from the East Indies in yellow, 
 greasy crystals. 
 
 Tinct. = Tinctu'ra .* “A tincture/' 
 
 Tinc-to'ri-us.* [From tin'yo , tinc'- 
 tum , to “dye.”] Relating to dyeing. 
 Applied as the specific name to the 
 Black Oak ( Quercus tinctoria), also called 
 Dyer’s Oak. 
 
 Tinc-tu'ra,* plural Tinc-tu'rse. 
 
 [From tin' go, tine' turn, to “dye,” to 
 “steep.”] A tincture. A solution of any 
 medicinal substance in alcohol, or diluted 
 alcohol, prepared by maceration, diges- 
 tion, or percolation. A solution in spirit 
 of ammonia is termed an ammoniated 
 tincture, and a solution in ethereal spirit, 
 an ethereal tincture. 
 
 The great number of officinal 
 tinctures, as well as the narrow limits of 
 this work, preclude the insertion of the 
 full Pharmacopoeial directions for making 
 this important class of preparations. It 
 has been deemed sufficient to give, in 
 addition to the names, the strength of 
 the tinctures, as indicate 1 by the relative 
 proportions of the different medicinal 
 substances, to a given quantity of alco- 
 hol, employed in their preparation. (For 
 the dose of each, see Table of Doses, in 
 the Appendix. See, also, the U.S. Phar- 
 macopoeia, pp. 314-339.) 
 
 Tinctn'ra Ac-o-ni'ti Fo'll-i* 
 (“ Tincture of Leaf of Aconite”), Tinc- 
 tu'ra Aconiti Fo-ll-o'ruin, 1850. 
 (“Tincture of Leaves of Aconite.”) Pre- 
 pared with two ounces of the drug to a 
 pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Aconiti Ra-di'cis.* 
 (“Tincture of Aconite Root.”) Prepared 
 562 
 
 with six ounces of the drug to a pint of 
 strong alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Al'o-es.* (“Tincture of 
 Aloes.”) Prepared with half an ounce 
 of Socotrine aloes, and an ounce and a 
 half of liquorice, to a pint of very dilute 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Al'oes et Myr'rhap.* 
 
 (“Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh.”) Pre- 
 pared with an ounce and a half of aloes, 
 half an ounce of saffron, and an ounce 
 and a half of myrrh, to a pint of strong 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Ar'ni-^ae.* (“Tincture 
 of Arnica.”) Prepared with three ounces 
 of the drug to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra As-sa-foet'i-dse.* (“Tinc- 
 ture of Assafoetida.”) Prepared with two 
 ounces of assafoetida to a joint of strong 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Bel-la-don'nav- (“ Tinc- 
 ture of Belladonna.”) Prepared with 
 two ounces of the drug to a pint of 
 diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Ben-zo'I-ni Com-pos'i- 
 
 ta.* (“Compound Tincture of Ben- 
 zoin.”) Prepared with an ounce and a 
 half of benzoin, an ounce of storax, 
 half an ounce of balsam of Tolu, two 
 drachms of aloes, to a pint of strong 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Ca-lum'bae* (“Tincture 
 of Columbo”), Tinctu'ra €©-loin'bse,** 
 1850. Prepared with two ounces of co- 
 lumbo to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Can'na-bis.* (“Tincture 
 of Hemp.”) Prepared with six drachms 
 of the extract of hemp to a pint of strong 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Can-thar'i-dis.* (“ Tine . 
 turc of Cantharides.”). Prepared with 
 half an ounce of cantharides to a pint 
 of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Cap'sl-^i.* (“Tincture 
 of Capsicum.”) Prepared with half an 
 ounce of the drug to a pint of diluted 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Car-da-mo 'ini.- (“ Tinc- 
 ture of Cardann m.”) Prepared with two 
 ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Cardamo'nii Com-pos'- 
 
 I-ta.* (“ Compound Tincture of Carda- 
 mom.”) Prepared with three drachms 
 of cardamom, two and a half drachms 
 of cinnamon, one drachm of caraway, 
 one ounce of honey, and half a drachm cf 
 cochineal, to one pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tincf li ra Cas-to're-i.* (“ Tincture 
 of Castor.”) Prepared with one ounce 
 of castor to a pint cf strong alcohol. 
 
TIN 
 
 TIN 
 
 Tinctu'ra Cat'e-clin.^ (“ Tincture 
 of Catechu.”) Prepared with an ounce 
 and a half of catechu, and an ounce of 
 cinnamon, to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra €in-cli©'nse.'* (“ Tinc- 
 ture of Cinchona.”) Prepared with 
 three ounces of the yellow bark to a 
 pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Cinclio'nsc Com-pos'I- 
 ta.* (“ Compound Tincture of Cin- 
 chona.”) Prepared with two ounces of 
 red bark, an ounce and a half of bitter 
 orange-peel, three drachms of serpenta- 
 ria, one drachm of saffron, and one 
 drachm of red saunders, to twenty fluid- 
 ounces of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Cin-na-ino'mi.* (“ Tinc- 
 ture of Cinnamon.”) Prepared with an 
 ounce and a half of the drug to a pint 
 of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Col'ctii-£i* (“ Tincture 
 of Colchicuin”), Tinctu'ra Col'ciiici 
 
 Sem'i-nis,* 1850. (“Tincture of the 
 Seed of Colchicum.”) Prepared with two 
 ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Co-ni'i.* (“Tincture of 
 Hemlock.”) Prepared with two ounces 
 of the drug to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Cu-be'bav* (“Tincture 
 of Cubcbs.”) Prepared with two ounces 
 of cubebs to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra IMg’-i-ta'lis.* (“Tinc- 
 ture cf Digitalis.”) Prepared with two 
 ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Fer'ri Chlo'ri-cli.* 
 
 (“ Tincture of Chloride of Iron.”) Esti- 
 mated to contain about a drachm of the 
 chloride of iron to an ounce of the tinc- 
 ture. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Gal' la?.* (“Tincture of 
 Nutgall.”) Prepared with two ounces 
 of the drug to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Gcntia'nse ( jen-she-a'ne) 
 €©m-p©s'I-ta.* (“Compound Tincture 
 cf Gentian.”) Prepared with one ounce 
 of gentian, half an ounce of bitteV 
 orange-peel, and two drachms of carda- 
 mom, to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Guai'a-^i.* (“Tincture 
 of Guaiac.”) Prepared with three ounces 
 of guaiacum to a pint of strong alco- 
 hol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Guai'aci Am-sno-ni-a'- 
 
 ta."* (“Ammoniated Tincture of 
 Guaiac.”) Prepared with four ounces 
 cf guaiacum to a pint and a half of aro- 
 matic spirit of ammonia. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Mel-leb'o-ri.* (“Tinc- 
 ture of [Black] Hellebore.”) Prepared 
 
 with two ounces of the drug to a pint of 
 diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Hu'mu-li.* (“Tincture 
 of Hops.”) Prepared with two ounces 
 and a half of the drug to a pint of 
 diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Iffy-os-cy'a-mi.* (“Tinc- 
 ture of Henbane.”) Prepared with two 
 ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra I-o-din'i-i.# (“ Tincture 
 of Iodine.”) Prepared with an ounce 
 of iodine to a pint of alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra lodin'ii ( om-pos i-ta. : - 
 
 (“Compound Tincture of Iodine.”) Pre- 
 pared with half an ounce of iodine, and 
 an ounce of iodide of potassium, to one 
 pint of alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Ja-la'psc.* (“Tincture 
 of Jalap.”) Prepared with three ounces 
 of jalap to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Ki'no. i: (“Tincture of 
 Kino.”) Prepared with an ounce and a 
 half of kino to a pint of diluted alco- 
 hol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Kra-me'rl-av* (“Tinc- 
 ture of Ithatany.”) Prepared with three 
 ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
 alcchoi. 
 
 Tinctu'ra ILo-be'li-se.* (“Tincture 
 of Lobelia.”) Prepared with two ounces 
 of the drug to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Lu-pu-li'nse.* (“ Tinc- 
 ture of Lupulin.”) Prepared with two 
 ounces of lupulin to a pint of strong 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Myr'rbae.* (“Tincture 
 of Myrrh.”) Prepared with three ounces 
 of myrrh to two pints of strong alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Xu'^is Voin 
 (“Tincture of Nux Vomica.”) Prepared 
 with four ounces of the drug to a pint 
 of strong alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra O'pi-i.* (“Tincture of 
 Opium.”) Laudanum. Prepared with 
 ten drachms of opium to a pint of alco- 
 hol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra O'pii A^-e-ta'ta.* (“Ace- 
 tated Tincture of Opium.”) Prepared 
 with one ounce of opium to four fluid- 
 ounces of alcohol and six fluidounces of 
 vinegar. 
 
 Tinctu'ra O'pii Cam-plio-ra'ta.* 
 
 (“Camphorated Tincture of Opium.”) 
 Paregoric. Prepared with half a drachm 
 of opium, one scruple of camphor, half 
 a drachm of benzoic acid, half a drachm 
 of oil of anise-seed, one ounce of honey, 
 to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra O'pii ©e-o-do-ra'ta.* 
 (“ Deodorized Tincture of Opium.”) Pre 
 563 
 
TIN 
 
 TIT 
 
 pared with ten drachms of opium to a 
 pint of alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Quas'sise* (kwosh'e-e). 
 (“ Tincture of Quassia.”) Prepared with 
 one ounce of quassia to a pint of diluted 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra RSie'i.* (“ Tincture of 
 Ptliubarb.”) Prepared with an ounce 
 and a half of rhubarb, and two drachms 
 of cardamom, to a pint of diluted alco- 
 hol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Ettie'i et Sen 'use.* 
 
 (“ Tincture of Rhubarb and Sonna.”) 
 Prepared with a half an ounce of rhu- 
 barb, one drachm of senna, half a drachm 
 of coriander, half a drachm of fennel, 
 one drachm of red saunders, fifteen 
 grains of saffron, fifteen grains of liquo- 
 rice, and three ounces of raisins, to a 
 pint and a half of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra San-gul-na'ri-ae.* 
 
 (“ Tincture of Bloodroot.”) Prepared 
 with two ounces of the drug to a pint of 
 diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra S^ilTse.* (“ Tincture of 
 Squill.”) Prepared with two ounces of 
 squill to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Ser-peu-ta'rl-se.* 
 
 (“Tincture of Serpentaria.”) Prepared 
 with an ounce and a half of the drug to 
 a pint of diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Stra-mo'nI-i.* (“ Tinc- 
 ture of Stramonium.”) Prepared w.th 
 two ounces of the drug to a pint of 
 diluted alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Tol-u-ta'na.* (“ Tincture 
 of Tolu.”) Prepared with an ounce and 
 a half of tolu to a pint of strong alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Va-le-ri-a'nse.* (“Tinc- 
 ture of Valerian.”) Prepared with two 
 ounces of valerian to a pint of diluted 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Valerla'm.T Am-ino-nt- 
 
 a'ta. - (“Ammoniated Tincture of Va- 
 lerian.”) Prepared with two ounces of 
 valerian to one pint of aromatic spirit 
 of ammonia. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Ve-ra'tri Vir'I-dis.* 
 
 (“Tincture of American Hellebore.”) 
 Prepared with eight ounces of the drug 
 to a pint of strong alcohol. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Zin-&It>'e-ris.* (“Tinc- 
 tu e of Grinder.”) Prepared with four 
 ounces of ginger to a pint of strong 
 alcohol. 
 
 Tiii'e-a.* (Fr. Tcigne, ten or t&n.) 
 Literally, a “moth-worm.” Scaldlicad. 
 A genus of the order Dialyses, class Lo- 
 cales, of Cullen’s Nosology; also termed 
 Porriga. It is characterized by a pus- 
 tular eruption, sometimes distinct and 
 564 
 
 sometimes confluent, unaccompanied with 
 fever, the pustules drying and hardening 
 into thick scales or scabs. 
 
 There appears to be great confusion in 
 regard to the names applied to this dis- 
 ease by different writers. The genus 
 Tinea of Sauvages and Cullen would 
 seem to correspond to the species Ecpye'- 
 sis porri'c/o of Good, and the genus Por- 
 rigo of Willan and other writers. 
 
 Tiu'ea Cap'i-tis.* (“Tinea of the 
 Head.”) A term for scaldhead. See 
 preceding article. 
 
 Tjii-ni'tus.* [From tin'nio, tinni'tum, 
 to “ring like metal.”] A ringing, or 
 tinkling. 
 
 Tiuni'tus Au'ri-um.* (“Ringing 
 of the Ears.”) A symptom in many 
 kinds or states of disease. 
 
 Tisane, te-zan'. See Ptisane. [From 
 TCTKJUi'jr], “ barley-water.”] A decoction 
 or infusion of slightly medicinal sub- 
 stances, much employed in France. 
 Formerly applied, for the most part, to a 
 decoction of barley. 
 
 Tisane de Felt® (felts). A remedy 
 sometimes used in cutaneous diseases; 
 prepared from sarsaparilla, crude anti- 
 mony, and isinglass. 
 
 Tis'sue. (Fr. Tissu.) Literally, “that 
 which is woven;” a “web.” Applied to 
 any organized solid substance of which 
 animals or plants are composed. In 
 plants, the thin membranous organization 
 of which every part is formed. See 
 Membrane. 
 
 Tissue, Adipose. See Adipose Mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Tissue, Areolar. See Areolar. 
 
 Tissue, Cellular. See Cellular 
 
 Tissue. 
 
 Tis'sue, Corn-pact'. A tissue formed 
 by fibres placed so close together as to 
 leave no intervals : it exists at the surface 
 of the bones, and forms the walls of the 
 various apertures and canals which may 
 occur in them. 
 
 Tissue, Vascular. See Vascular 
 
 Tissue. 
 
 Tissue, Woody. See Woody Tissue. 
 
 Ti-ta'ni-um.* [From Ti’tan, a name 
 for the “sun.” See Tellurium.] A rare 
 metal, found in a mineral from Corn- 
 wall called menachanite. It is extremely 
 infusible, and so hard as to scratch not 
 only glass but also crystal. In color it 
 resembles copper. Its specific gravity is 
 5 . 8 . 
 
 Tit-il-la'tion. [Titilla'tio, o ' nis ; 
 
 from titil'lo , titilla' turn, to “tickle.”] 
 Tickling ; the production of laughter by 
 
TIT 
 
 TOO 
 
 tickling. It has been suggested as a 
 remedy for paralysis. 
 
 Tit-u-fi>a'tion. [Tituba'tio, o' ms; 
 
 from tit'ubo , tit uba f turn, to “ stagger/' 
 or “stumble."] A staggering or stum- 
 bling gait, dependent on disease of the 
 spinal system. 
 
 T. O. = Tinctu'ra O'pii.* “Tincture 
 of Opium." 
 
 Toad-stone. See Batrachites. 
 
 To-l>ac'co. The Nicotiana tabacum. 
 Tobacco unites with the powers of a 
 sedative narcotic, those of an emetic and 
 diuretic, and produces these effects, to a 
 greater or less extent, to whatever sur- 
 face it may be applied. Taken mode- 
 rately, it calms restlessness, and produces 
 a state of general languor, or repose, which 
 has great charms for those accustomed 
 to its use. In large quantities, however, 
 it causes vertigo, stupor, fainting, nausea, 
 vomiting, and general debility of the 
 nervous and circulatory functions. Nu- 
 merous cases are on record of its incau- 
 tious use having been followed by a fatal 
 termination. See Nicotiana. 
 
 Tobac'eo, Vir-gin'I-an. The Nico- 
 tiana tabacum. 
 
 To-col'o-gy. [Toeolo'gia; from 
 tokos , “childbirth," and Xdyoj, a “dis- 
 course."] That branch of Medicine 
 which treats of parturition. See Ob- 
 stetrics. 
 
 Tod'dy. Palm-wine, prepared by 
 fermentation from palm-sugar. 
 
 Toe. See Digitus Pedis. 
 
 Toise. A French measure, equal to 
 six feet English, or two yards. 
 
 Tokology. See Tocology. 
 
 Tol'e-rance. [From tol'ero , to 
 “bear," to “endure."] The power of 
 bearing. A term employed by Rasori to 
 denote the power of bearing large doses 
 of powerful medicines. 
 
 Tol-u-if 'e-ra.* [From To'lu, and 
 fe'ro , to “ bear."] A Linnsean gpnus of 
 the class Decandria, natural order Le- 
 guminosse. 
 
 Toluif'era Bal'sa-mnm . 4 The 
 
 tree which affords Balsamum Tolutanum . 
 
 To-lai-if'er-otis. [Toluif 'erus.] 
 
 Bearing Tolu balsam. 
 
 Tomato, to-ma'to. The common 
 name of the Ly coper’ sicum, esculen' turn , 
 or Sola' nnm Lycopcr' sicum, a plant of 
 the Linnaean class Pentandria, natural 
 order Solanacesc. 
 
 Tom bac. An alloy called white cop- 
 per, consisting of copper and arsenic. 
 
 To-meai-tose'. [Tomeaito'sos; 
 from tomen'tum , a “lock of wool."] Cov- 
 48 * 
 
 ered with a close and matted down, or 
 wool. 
 
 To-men'tum.* [From Topfi, a “cut- 
 ting"?] Literally, a “flock of wool.” 
 Applied to certain small vessels of the 
 brain. (See Tomentum Cerebri.) In 
 Botany, a species of pubescence, woolly 
 or downy; a close and matted down. 
 
 Toinen'tuin Cer'e-bri.* (“Wool 
 of the Brain.") Applied to a great num- 
 ber of small vessels (supposed to resemble 
 the fibres of wool) on the inside of the 
 pi a mater , and penetrating the cortical 
 substance of the brain. 
 
 Tom-o-ina'ni-a.* [From t^vw, to 
 “cut," and /xuvia, “madness.”] The cut- 
 ting mania of certain surgeons, or eager- 
 ness to use the knife in cast s which could 
 be better cured without an operation. 
 
 Tone. [Gr. toms ; from r«Ycu, to 
 “stretch," to “draw."J Tension; tenor. 
 In Medicine, tension or firmness. 
 
 Tongue. [Lat. Lin gua; Gr.yXrOoaa; 
 Fr. Lanyue, loNg ] The chief organ of 
 taste and of speech. 
 
 Tongue-Shaped. See Lixguiform, 
 and Lingulate. 
 
 Tongue-Tie. See Ankyloglossja. 
 
 Ton'ic. [Ton'ieus; from reiva), to 
 “stretch," to “draw."] Applied to rigid 
 contraction of muscles without relaxa- 
 tion, termed tonic spasm. Also, increas- 
 ing the tone of muscular fibre: applied 
 to certain medicines. See Tonics. 
 
 Ton'ic Pow er. A term for Irrita- 
 bility, which see. 
 
 To-ni^'i-ty. [Toni^'itas, n'tis; from 
 ton'ieus, “belonging to or having tone."] 
 The quality cf muscular fibre in a state 
 of action. 
 
 Ton'ies. [Ton'iea; from the same.] 
 Medicines which neither immediately nor 
 sensibly excite action like stimulants, nor 
 depress action like sedatives, but pro- 
 duce a permanent, though scarcely per- 
 ceptible, excitement of all the vital func- 
 tions ; their effects being chiefly perceived 
 in the increased tone or vigor of the entire 
 system. 
 
 Ton'sil. [Lat. Tonsil la; Fr. Tonsille, 
 t6N G 'sel', or Amygdale, Ameg'dal'.] A 
 small, oval, almond-shaped gland in the 
 recess between the pillars or arches of 
 the fauces. 
 
 Ton-sil-li'tis, i dis* [From tonsil'la , 
 a“tonsil."] Inflammation of the tonsils; 
 a species of sore-throat. 
 
 Tooth, plural Teeth. [Bens, plural 
 ©en'tes; see Dens.] The small bones 
 fixed in the alveolar cavities of the upper 
 and lower jaws, designed for the purpose 
 565 
 
TOO 
 
 TOR 
 
 of seizing, cutting, tearing, or grinding 
 the various articles which form the food 
 of animals. True teeth are found only 
 in the Vertebrate. The teeth of an adult 
 human subject are thirty-two in number; 
 that is, sixteen in each jaw. They con- 
 sist of four kinds: 1. Inciso’res (“cut- 
 ting” or “ incisor” teeth), of which there 
 are eight (four in each jaw) ; 2. Ouspi- 
 da'ti (“pointed” or “cuspidate” teeth), 
 four in number; 3. Bicuspida'ti or Bicus’- 
 pides (“two-pointed,” “bicuspidate,” or 
 “bicuspid” teeth), eight in number; and 
 4. Mola'res (“grinding” or “molar” 
 teeth), of which there are twelve, six in 
 each jaw. The body and lower part of 
 the tooth consists of a very hard and 
 firm bone-like texture, termed dentin (or 
 dentine ); that part which projects from 
 the alveolus, called the corona , or crown, 
 being covered with enamel , a semi- vitre- 
 ous substance, which is thickest in those 
 parts which are most exposed to friction. 
 The structure of the enamel is usually 
 termed fibrous; but in fact it consists of 
 extremely minute hexagonal columns ra- 
 diating from the centre towards the sur- 
 face of the tooth, an arrangement by 
 which it is enabled to sustain a great 
 pressure without injury. When the tooth 
 first emerges from the gum, it is covered 
 with a very thin layer of material termed 
 cemen'tum (or “cement”), the minute 
 structure of which corresponds almost 
 exactly to that of bone. This layer is 
 soon removed by attrition from the crown 
 of the tooth, but continues through life 
 to form the covering of the fang or root. 
 The lower portion and roots of the teeth 
 contain a cavity filled with what is termed 
 dental p nip ( pul'pa den'tis ), — in popular 
 language the “marrow,” — which consists 
 of a filament of nerve, with an accom- 
 panying artery and vein, joined together 
 by connective tissue. This pulp is ex- 
 tremely sensitive; and when, by the 
 decay of the tooth, it becomes wholly or 
 partially exposed to the air, it produces 
 the distressing affection known as tooth- 
 ache, or odontalgia. 
 
 Temporary or Decid'uoits Teeth. 
 ( Den' ten Decid'ui.) These are twenty in 
 number: so named because they are shed 
 between the ages of seven and fourteen, 
 and their places supplied by the per- 
 manent or adult teeth. They are also 
 termed Milk-Teeth, because they usually 
 make their first appearance before the 
 child is weaned. 
 
 The term teeth is applied in Botany to 
 the segments of a serrate or dentate 
 166 
 
 leaf; also to the summits of sepals which 
 are united in the greater part of their 
 extent. 
 
 Toothache. See Odontalgia, and 
 Odontagra. 
 
 Toothed. Beset with teeth which do 
 not point towards the apex ; the same as 
 dentate. Applied to leaves. 
 
 Tooth^liash. The disease Strophulus 
 
 confertus. 
 
 To'paz. [Gr. tottu^iou.] A crystallized 
 mineral, of a yellow or wine color, com- 
 posed chiefly of alumina and silica. It 
 is used in jewelry. 
 
 To-s>Sia'ceous. [Topha'cews; from 
 to'phns , a “ sandstone.”] Of a sandy, 
 or hard, gritty nature. 
 
 To'phus.* (Gr. Top);.) Literally, a 
 loose or porous stone. Applied to the 
 calcareous matter which collects on the 
 sides of vessels in which water is boiled. 
 Also applied to the calcareous matter in 
 the joints (of those affected with the 
 gout), or in other parts of the body ; like- 
 wise to the tartar on the teeth. In Sur- 
 gery, a swelling particularly affecting a 
 bone, or the periosteum. 
 
 Top'i-ca.* [From toito;, a “place.”] 
 Medicines which are applied locally : as 
 caustics, emollients, etc. 
 
 TopT-cal. [Top'icjis; from the 
 same.] Pertaining to a particular part 
 or situation of the body ; local. 
 
 To-pog-'ra-pEiy. [TTopogra'pliia; 
 from Tom);, a “place,” and yptyu, to 
 “write.”] A description of a place, or 
 of the form of the surface of a limited 
 portion of the earth. 
 
 Top'-SBiaped. Inversely conical; 
 turbinate. Applied to parts of plants. 
 
 Tor'cu-lar, a 'vis.® [From tor'queo, 
 to “twist,” or “torture.”] Literally, a 
 “ wine-press.” Applied to the Tourni- 
 quet, which see. 
 
 Tor'cadar Me-ropSi'I-li.* (Literally, 
 “Herophilus’ Wine-Press.”) A term 
 applied to an irregular cavity where the 
 principal sinuses of the dura mater be- 
 come confluent. The columns of blood 
 coming in different directions were sup- 
 posed to be pressed together in this part. 
 
 Tor ment. [Tor'inen, inis, or Tor- 
 men'tunn; from the same.] A racking 
 pain. Applied to iliac passion, on account 
 of its severity. 
 
 Tor-Bnen-til'la.* Tormentil. A Lin- 
 na>an genus of the class fcosandria, natu- 
 ral order Rosacese. Also, the Pharma- 
 copoeial name for the rhizome of the 
 Potentil'la tormentil' la. It is a simple 
 and powerful astringent. 
 
TOR 
 
 TOU 
 
 Tormentil'la E-rec'ta. :: The former 
 
 name for Potentilla tormentilla. 
 
 Tor'mi-na.* [Plural of tor' men, 
 “torment.”] Severe griping or wringing 
 pains in the bowels; also, dysentery. 
 
 Tor'mi-nal. [Tormina' lis; from 
 tor' men, “torment.”J Belonging to tor- 
 mina. 
 
 Tor-nsi'do. [From the Spanish tor- 
 near, to “ turn,” or “ whirl.”] Literally, 
 “ whirlwind.” Applied to a violent hurri- 
 cane or gust of wind, which, arising sud- 
 denly from the shore, veers round to all 
 points of the compass, and has been de- 
 scribed as blowing from all points at 
 once. Tornadoes are frequent in the 
 West Indies. 
 
 To-rose'. [Toro'sus; from to' ms, a 
 “bed;” also, a “knob,” or “swelling.”] 
 In Botany, applied to a cylindrical body 
 swollen at intervals. 
 
 Tor-pe'do.* Literally, “numbness.” 
 The name given to a genus of cartilagi- 
 nous fishes, separated from the liaise of 
 Linnaeus on account of the circular form 
 of the body, and more especially from 
 the presence of the electrical organs, on 
 which that form of the body mainly de- 
 pends. Violent shocks are experienced 
 on touching the living and active tor- 
 pedo. There is reason to believe that 
 the torpedo uses its electrifying or be- 
 numbing power to secure its prey, as well 
 as to defend itself against its enemies. 
 
 Tor'pid. [Tor'padais; from tor'peo, 
 to “be numbed.”] In a state of torpor, 
 or numbness ; incapable of action, or de- 
 prived of sensibility. 
 
 Torpidity. See Torpor. 
 
 Tor'p»r,o'r/s* [See Torpid.] De- 
 ficient sensation; numbness; torpidity. 
 
 Tor-re-fae'tioai. [Torrefac'lio, 
 o'nis; from tor'ridus, “dry,” “hot,” and 
 fa'cio, fac'tum, to “make.”] The act 
 of drying or roasting. 
 
 Tor-re-fac'tns.* Roasted. See Tor- 
 refaction. 
 
 Tor-rS-cal'lS-am Vae'u-iim. [From 
 Torricel’U, inventor of the mercurial 
 barometer.] The vacuum produced by 
 inverting a tube of sufficien t length, filled 
 with mercury or any other fluid, in a 
 vessel containing a portion of the same 
 fluid, and allowing the fluid irt the tube 
 to descend until its weight is counter- 
 balanced by that of the atmosphere. In 
 this manner the first barometers were 
 formed by Torricelli. 
 
 Tor'rid. [Tor'ridws ; from tor'reo , 
 to “roast,” or “parch.”] Parched; 
 burned ; scorched. Also, hot, parching. 
 
 Tor'rid Zone. [Zo'na Tor'rida.] 
 
 All that space between the Tropics; so 
 called from the scorching heat which 
 prevails there. 
 
 Tor'sion. [Tor'sio, o'nis; from 
 tor'qneo, tor' turn and tor' sum, to “twist.”] 
 A twisting. Torsion of the arteries: an 
 expedient resorted to for arresting or 
 preventing haemorrhage. 
 
 Tor'sion SSal'ance. A delicate elec- 
 trometer, so called because its principle 
 consists in the torsion or twisting of a 
 single fibre of the web of a silkworm. 
 
 Tor-tI-eolTis. ;: [From tor'qneo, 
 
 tor' turn, to “twist,” and col' lum , the 
 “ neck.”] The muscular affection termed 
 wryneck. 
 
 Tor-ti'peS, p 'edis.* [From tor'tus, 
 “ twisted,” and pes, a “foot.”] In Botany, 
 having the foot or pedicle much twisted: 
 tortipede. 
 
 Tor-tu-a'Iis.* [From tor'qneo, tor'- 
 tum, to “twist,” or “torment.”] Tor- 
 mented; suffering. Sometimes applied 
 to the countenance of the sick. 
 
 Tor'tu-ous. [Tortuo'sus; from the 
 same.] Winding; crooked; bent in dif- 
 ferent directions. 
 
 Tor-u-lose'. [Tortilo'sais ; from 
 tor' ulus, a “little bed.”] Swelled or 
 bulged out in a slight degree; somewhat 
 torose: torulous. 
 
 Tor'u-Ius. ;: [Diminutive of to’rus, 
 a “bed.”] The cavity in which is im- 
 planted the base of each antenna of in- 
 sects. 
 
 To'rus.* (A “bed,” or “bolster.”) 
 The brawn, or thick part, of the arm or 
 leg. Also applied to the receptacle of a 
 flower. 
 
 Touch. [Lat. Tac'tus; Gr. acpn, and 
 aipig; Fr. Toucher, too'sha'.] One of the 
 five senses. That sense by which we 
 know the physical or palpable qualities 
 of bodies. 
 
 ToncBi, Morbid. See Parapsis. 
 
 Toucher, too'shsP. (French.) Lite- 
 rally, the “act of touching,” or exami- 
 nation by touch. Applied to uterine ex- 
 amination with the fingers per vaginam. 
 
 Touch '-me-not. The same as Noli 
 me Tangere, which see. 
 
 Toiicti'-Wood. The popular name 
 of the Polyp' o-rns ignia'rius, a fungus 
 found on the willow and other trees, and 
 also called Agaric of the Oak. It is used 
 for checking haemorrhage. 
 
 Tourmaline, toor'ma-lin. A crys- 
 tallized mineral, which is so hard as to 
 scratch glass, and becomes electric when 
 heated. It is transparent when viewed 
 567 
 
TOU 
 
 TRA 
 
 across the thickness of a crystal, but per- 
 fectly opaque when turned in the oppo- 
 site direction. It is composed chiefly of 
 silica and alumina. 
 
 Tourniquet, tur'ne-ket. (From the 
 French Tou.rn.er, to “turn.”) An instru- 
 ment or appliance for compressing the 
 principal blood-vessels, to prevent hae- 
 morrhage in amputations, wounds, etc. 
 
 Toax,too. [Lat. Tus'sis.] The French 
 word for Cough, which see. 
 
 Tonx Convulsive, too k&N®Vurs6v'. 
 (“Convulsive Cough.”) The French 
 name for Pertussis, which see. 
 
 Tox-ae'am-a.* The same as Toxico- 
 hasmia, which see. 
 
 Tox i-cal. [From toZik5v, “poison.”] 
 Poisonous. 
 
 Tox-i-co-den'dram.* [From to^ikoj, 
 “poison,” and dhdpos, a “tree.”] Poison 
 Oak. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 and Dub. Ph.) for the leaves of llhus 
 toxicodendron. 
 
 Tox-I-co-der-mi'tis, idis* [From 
 tox'icum, “poison,” and der'ma , the 
 “skin.”] A term for inflammation of 
 the skin through contact with some acrid 
 poison. 
 
 Tox-i-co-lise ' m a-a, : or Tox-ae'- 
 
 [From toIikqj, a “poison,” and 
 aljxa, “blood.”] A contaminated state of 
 the blood; poisoned blood. 
 
 Tox-i-c»l'o-£y. [Toxicalo'gia ; 
 from To^ucor, “p>ison,” and Xo/o;, a “dis- 
 course.”] The doctrine or science of 
 poisons, their nature and effects; or a 
 treatise on poisons. 
 
 TTox-i-co'sis,* plural Tox-i-cu'ses. 
 
 [From tox'icum, a “poison.”] A term 
 applied to diseases which are the result 
 of poisoning. 
 
 Tox-if'er-ons. [Toxif 'enia; from 
 tox'icum , “poison,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Bearing or containing poison. 
 
 Tn*., and Tra. = Tinctu'ra. * “A tinc- 
 ture.” 
 
 Tra-bec'u-la,* plural Tra-bec'u-lse. 
 [Diminutive of trabs , a “beam,” “pillar,” 
 or “column.”] Literally, “small or mi- 
 nute columns.” Applied to the small 
 medullary fibres of the brain which con- 
 stitute the commissures, to the fibres, like 
 comb-teeth, constituting the septum pec- 
 tini/orme of the corpora cavernosa of the 
 penis, and to other similar structures. 
 
 Tra-bec'u-late. [From trabec'ula , 
 a “small beam or bar.”] Cross-barred. 
 
 Tra'ehe-a* (or tra-kee'a), plural Tra'- 
 che-se. [Gr. rpaxeTa, the feminine of 
 rpa\ v;, “rough;” Fr. Trachee , tR&'sh&\] 
 The windpipe. The cartilaginous and 
 568 
 
 membranous canal in front of the 
 oesophagus, extending from the larynx 
 to the lungs, to and from which it con- 
 veys the air. Also, a spiral vessel or 
 duct of a plant: so named from its re- 
 semblance to the windpipe, or rather to 
 the tracheae or air-tubes of insects. See 
 Spiral Vessels. 
 
 Tra'clie-se,* the plural of Trachea. 
 
 Tra'ehe-al. [Trachea'lis.] Be- 
 longing to the trachea. 
 
 Tracli-e-a'li-a.* A name for the 
 croup. See Tracheitis. 
 
 Tra-clae-a'ri-us.* Having tracheae. 
 
 Tra-che-i'tis, idis* [From tra'chea , 
 the “windpipe.”] Inflammation of the 
 trachea; another name for croup. 
 
 Tra-chel'a-gra.* [From rpdxn^og, 
 the “ neck,” and dypa , a “ seizure.”] Gout, 
 or rheumatism, in the neck. 
 
 Tra-che-lis'mus.* [From rpdxn^og, 
 the “neck.”] A bending back of the 
 neck. Proposed by M. Hall as designa- 
 ting the first symptoms of epilepsy, 
 consisting in contraction of the muscles 
 of the neck, the consequent distension 
 of the veins causing cerebral congestion : 
 trachelism. * 
 
 Trachelitis. See Tracheitis. 
 
 Tra-cheTo-Mas-to-i'cte-Bis.* [From 
 
 rpjxn^o;, the “neck,” and proees'sus mas - 
 toi'deus, the “mastoid process.”] A 
 muscle arising from the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the four last cervical, and some- 
 times of the first dorsal, vertebrae, and in- 
 serted into the mastoid process of the 
 temporal bone. It draws tjie head back- 
 ward or obliquely. 
 
 Tra-ctien 'Hiy-ma, at is* [From 
 tra'chea, and eyx'pn, “tissue.”] In Bot- 
 any, tissue formed of spiral tubes or 
 vessels like tracheae. See Vascular 
 Tissue, and Spiral Vessels. 
 
 Trach'e-o-tome. [Tracheot'o- 
 irnis; from tra'chea, the “windpipe,” 
 and Tcpvoi, to “cut.”] An instrument for 
 performing tracheotomy. 
 
 Tra-clie-ot'o-iiiy. [Tracheoto'- 
 laiaa: from the same.] JThe operation of 
 cutting into or opening the trachea. See 
 Broxchotomy. 
 
 Tra-cflio'ina, a tis* [From rpaxv;, 
 “rough.”] Roughness on the internal 
 surface of the eyelid, causing violent 
 ophthalmia and severe pain on moving 
 the eyelid. 
 
 Tra-cliy-pho'm-a.* [From rpaxv;, 
 “ rough,” and (puivfi, the “ voice.”] Rough- 
 ness of the voice. 
 
 Tra-chjte'ma.* The same as Tra- 
 choma, which see. 
 
TRA 
 
 TRA 
 
 Tra«lii*y-sta'€hy-ns. :|} [From rpa\vg, 
 “ rough/’ and a ru^oj, an “ear,” or “spike.” J 
 Having spikes rough with hairs. 
 
 Tra-cltoyt'ie. [Traciiyt'iciw; from 
 Tfiaxvrris, “ roughness.”] Applied to a 
 group of plutonic earths having a rough 
 appearance. 
 
 Tractors, Metallic. See Perkinism. 
 
 Trac'tns.* [From tra'ho, true* turn, 
 to “draw/’ or “extend.”] An extension : 
 hence, a space, or region. 
 
 Trac'taas Mo-to'ri-us.* (“Motor 
 Tract.”) The name given to the prolong- 
 ation of the corpora pyramidal in through 
 the pons Vnrolii into the crura cerebri . 
 The motor nerves arise from this tract. 
 
 Trac'tns Op'ti-cus.* (“ Optic 
 Tract.”) The circular tract, or course of 
 the optic nerve from its origin round the 
 crus cerebri. 
 
 Tractns Respiratorins. See Res- 
 piratory Tract. 
 
 Trade Winds. Winds which in the 
 torrid zone, and often a little beyond it, 
 blow generally from the same quarter, 
 varying, according to circumstances, from 
 northeast to southeast. The cause is 
 to be ascribed to the high comparative 
 temperature of the torrid zone, combined 
 with the rotation of the earth. The 
 trade winds are so named because they 
 are often taken advantage of by those 
 engaged in commerce to distant parts of 
 the world. 
 
 Trag-a-can't'lia.* [From rpdyog, a 
 “goat,” and dxavda, a “thorn,” the plant 
 being called “.goat-thorn” on account of 
 its thorny petioles.] Tragacanth. The 
 Pharmacopoeial name || for the concrete 
 juice of the Astragalus verus , and of 
 other species of Astragalus. It is demul- 
 cent, but is little employed internally. 
 The great viscidity which it imparts to 
 water, renders it useful for the suspen- 
 sion of heavy insoluble powders. 
 
 Trag’-a-can'thin. A substance found 
 to compose the whole of gum tragacanth. 
 Also called Adraganthin. 
 
 Trag'l-cns.^ Belonging to the tra- 
 gus. Applied to a muscle of triangular 
 f >rm arising from the middle and outer 
 part of the concha and inserted into the 
 tip of the tragus, which it pulls forward. 
 
 Trag-o-po'gon Por-ri-fo'li-nin.** 
 The systematic name of salsify, or oyster- 
 plant, which belongs to the natural order 
 Cichoracese. 
 
 Tra'^us.* [From rpdyog, a “goat;” 
 because it is in many persons covered 
 with hair.] A part of the ear : the same 
 as Antilobium, which see. 
 
 Trailing 1 . See Procumbent. 
 
 Trance. An ecstatic or rapt state of 
 mind. Sometimes applied to Catalepsy. 
 
 Trans. A Latin preposition, signify' 
 ing “across,” or “over,” sometimes 
 “ through;” also, “from one to another.” 
 
 Tran -s^en-den'tal. [Transcen- 
 dcnta'lis; from tia)is, “beyond,” and 
 scan' do, to “climb.”] That which tran- 
 scends or goes beyond the limits of 
 actual experience. 
 
 Trans-for-ma'tion. [Transfor- 
 ina'tio, o'nis; from trans, “over,” “from 
 one to another,” and for' mo, forma' turn, to 
 “make,”] Literally, the act of changing 
 one thing or substance into another. A 
 change of form. A morbid change in a 
 part, consisting in the conversion of its 
 texture into one of a different kind, as 
 of the soft parts into bone or cartilage. 
 
 Trans-fn'sion. [Transfu'sio,o'/n«/ 
 from transfun' do , transfu'sum, to “pour 
 from one vessel into another.”] The in- 
 troducing of blood taken from the veins 
 of one living animal into those of an- 
 other; also, the introduction of other 
 fluids than blood. 
 
 Tran >*it. [From tran'seo, iron' si turn , 
 to “pass over.”] In Astronomy, the 
 culmination, or passage of a celestial 
 body across the meridian of any place. 
 Also, the passage of an inferior planet 
 across the sun’s disk. 
 
 Tran-si'tion Kocks. A geological 
 term formerly applied to the older second- 
 ary series, under the idea that they 
 were formed during the transition of the 
 globe from the uninhabited to the in- 
 habited state. — (B rande.) 
 
 Trans-la'tion. [Transla'tio, o'nis; 
 from transfe'ro, transla'tum, to “ transfer,” 
 to “translate.”] The act of transferring. 
 See Metastasis. 
 
 Trans-In 'cent, or Trans-In 'cid. 
 [Translu 'cidus; from trans, “through,” 
 and lu'ceo, to “shine.”] Penetrable by 
 luminous rays, but too slightly to allow 
 of perceiving objects; semi-transparent; 
 pellucid. 
 
 Trans-in n -ta't ion „ [From trans, 
 “from one to another,” and mu' to, muta'- 
 tum, to “change.”] The act of changing 
 one thing into another. In Alchemy, 
 the operation of changing base or im- 
 perfect metals into gold or silver. 
 
 Trans-parent. [Tran spa 'rens, 
 en 'tis; from trans, “through,” and pa' - 
 reo, to “ appear.”] Admitting the passage 
 of the rays of light, so that objects ap- 
 pear or are seen through any medium; 
 diaphanous. 
 
 569 
 
TRA 
 
 TRE 
 
 Trans-pi-ra'tion. [Traiispira'tio, 
 
 o 'may from trans , “ through,” and spi'ro , 
 spira'tum , to “ breathe.”] The emission 
 of vapor through the skin; insensible 
 perspiration. 
 
 Trans-u-da'tion. [Transucla'tio, 
 
 ©' ms; from trans, “through,” and su'do, 
 suda'tum, to “ sweat.’"] The passing or 
 oozing of blood, or other fluid, unaltered, 
 through the pores of the skin, or mem- 
 branes; and, so, distinguished from^er- 
 spi ration, which implies that the per- 
 spired fluid is secreted from the blood. 
 
 T rails- ver-sa'lis.* [From trans, 
 “across,” and ver'to, ver'sum, to “turn,” 
 to “direct.”] The same as Transverse, 
 which see. 
 
 Traiisversa'lis Afo-dom'i-ms.* 
 
 (“ Transverse [Muscle] of the Abdo- 
 men.”) A muscle arising from the car- 
 tilages of the seven lower ribs, etc., and 
 inserted into the line a alba and the crest 
 of the ilium. It supports and compresses 
 the bowels. 
 
 Traiisversa'lis Col'll.** (“Trans- 
 verse [Muscle] of the Neck.”) A muscle 
 arising from the transverse processes of 
 the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth, 
 cervical vertebrae, and inserted into 
 those of the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, 
 and seventh upper dorsal vertebrae. It 
 turns the neck obliquely backwards and 
 to one side. 
 
 Traiisversa'lis Ror'si* (“Trans- 
 verse [Muscle] of the Back”); also 
 termed Mul-tif'I-dus Spi'nae.* A 
 muscle situated in the vertebral gutters. 
 Its use is to straighten the vertebral co- 
 lumn, and give it a slight rotary motion. 
 
 Trans- verse'. [Transver'sas; 
 
 see Transversalis.] Directed or placed 
 crosswise. Applied to muscles. 
 
 Transverse' Ax'is, in conic sec- 
 tions, is the diameter which passes 
 through both foci. It is the longest 
 diameter of an ellipse, and the shortest 
 of an hyperbola. 
 
 Transverse' Su'ture. [Sutu'ra 
 Transversa'lis.] That which passes 
 across the face, joining the bones of the 
 skull to those of the face. 
 
 Trans- ver'sns Au'ris* (“Trans- 
 verse [Muscle] of the Ear”) of Al-M'- 
 lius. A muscle arising from the promi- 
 nent part of the concha and inserted op- 
 posite to the ou^er side of the anthelix. 
 
 Transver'sus Pe'dis.* (“Trans- 
 verse [Muscle] of the Foot.”) A muscle 
 arising from the metatarsal bono of the 
 great toe and inserted into that cf the 
 little toe. 
 
 570 
 
 Transver'sus Per-i-nae'i.* 
 
 (“Transverse [Muscle] of the Peri- 
 naeum.”) A muscle arising from the 
 tuber ischii and inserted into the middle 
 line with its fellow. It is supposed to 
 dilate the urethra. 
 
 Tra-pe'zi-farsn. [Trapezifor'mis ; 
 
 from trape'zium .] Having the form of 
 a trapezium. In Botany, unsymmetri- 
 cally four-sided. 
 
 Tra-pe'zi-um.* [Gr. Tpaneliou ; from 
 rpairs^a, a “dinner-table.”] Originally, a 
 quadrangle. Applied in Geometry to a 
 plane figure having four sides, of which 
 no two are parallel. In Anatomy, the 
 name of the first bone of the second row 
 of the carpus, or wrist. 
 
 Tra-pe'zi-us.* Like a trapezium. 
 Applied to a muscle of the neck and 
 back. See next article. 
 
 Tra-pe'zi-us.* A muscle, so named 
 from its form, arising from the superior 
 transverse line of the occipital bone, 
 from the spinous processes of the seventh 
 cervical and of all the dorsal vertebrae, 
 and inserted into the clavicle, the acro- 
 mion, and the scapula. It draws the 
 scapula according to the three directions 
 of its fibres. It is also termed Cuculla- 
 ris (like a hood). 
 
 Trap-e-zoM'. [Trapezoi'des ; from 
 rpairs^a, a “table,” and e'ido;, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a trapezium. Applied to 
 a four-sided figure of which two sides 
 only are parallel to each other. 
 
 Trap Rock. [Swedish, Trap' pa, a 
 “stair.”] Applied to certain volcanic 
 rocks, which are composed of felspar, 
 augite, and hornblende, and are so 
 named because they occur in large tabu- 
 lar masses rising one above another like 
 the successive steps of a staircase. 
 
 Traia-inat'ic. [Traumai'icus; 
 from Tpavpa, a “wound.”] Relating to, or 
 caused by, a wound ; vulnerary. 
 
 Trau-mo-ty'ptius.* [From Tpavpa , 
 a “wound,” and ty’phus .] Eisenmann’s 
 term for hospital gangrene. 
 
 Trea'cle. [Lat. Sac'ckari Fscx, 
 and Ttieri'aca ; Fr. Theriaque, t&'re'ak'.] 
 A name for molasses. 
 
 Tree. [Lat. Ar bor; Gr . dzvdpov; Fr. 
 Arbre , aRbR.] A woody plant with a 
 single trunk, which attains at least five 
 times the human stature. 
 
 Tree-like. See Arborescent, and 
 Dendroid. 
 
 Tre'foil. [From tres, “three,” and 
 f o' Ham, a “leaf.”] A name for clover. 
 (See Trifolium Pratense.) It is some- 
 times applied to the Jlcpat'ica triloba. 
 
TRE 
 
 TRI 
 
 Tre'foil, Marsh, and Tre'foil, 
 Wa'ter. Common names for the Meny- 
 an'thes trifolia' ia, or buck- bean. 
 
 Tremamlraceav ; Hre-man-dra'she-e. 
 [From T reman' dr a, one of the genera.] 
 A small natural order of exogenous 
 shrubs, all natives of New Holland. 
 
 Treinblement. See Tremor. 
 
 Trembles. A popular term for mer- 
 curial tremor. 
 
 Tre mens." [From tre'mo , to “trem- 
 ble.”] Shaking; trembling. See De- 
 lirium Tremens. 
 
 Tre mor, o'rio.* [From the same.] 
 (Fr. Tr emblement , tROM'bl-moN a '.) An 
 involuntary trembling. 
 
 Tremor Cor'd is.* (“ Tremor of the 
 Heart.”) A term for palpitation of the 
 heart. 
 
 Tremor Mer-cu- r i-a ' 1 is* (“Mer- 
 curial Tremor”); also called Tremor 
 Me-tal'll-cus.* (“Metallic Tremor.”) 
 A form of shaking palsy; an affection of 
 the nervous system induced by the in- 
 halation, or other application to the body, 
 of mercurial vapors. 
 
 Tre'mor Tend! -num.* (“Trem- 
 bling of the Tendons.”) A term for the 
 shaking palsy; a morbid intermittent 
 action of a spasmodic kind. 
 
 Tre-pan'. [Trep'aim m; from rpv- 
 ndio, to “bore.”] An instrument by which 
 a circular portion of bone is removed 
 from the skull. 
 
 Trep-a-na/tion. [Trepaaia'tao, 
 
 o' ms ; from trep'anum , a “trepan.”] 
 Trepanning, or operation with the trepan. 
 
 Tre-pliine'. [Trepbi'na; perhaps 
 from Tptiroi, to “ turn.”] The more modern 
 instrument for perforating, or removing 
 a circular piece of bone from, the skull. 
 
 Tre'sis.* [From Tpdto, to “bore,” to 
 “pierce.”] Literally, a “perforation.” 
 A wound. 
 
 Tri-. [From rpslg, or tres, “ three.”] 
 A prefix denoting “three,” or “thrice.” 
 
 Tri-a-can'tSius.* [From rpzXg, 
 “three,” and axarOa, a “spine.”] Having 
 spines disposed in threes. 
 
 Tri-a-del'plioms. [Triadel'pBius; 
 from rpsig, “three,” and adeX'pog, a “bro- 
 ther.”] Having the filaments in three 
 brotherhoods or sets. 
 
 Tri-an 'dr a-a.* [From rpsTg, “three,” 
 and ajfip, dvfyog, a “man,” or “male.”] 
 The third Linnsean class of plants, com- 
 prising those which have three stamens 
 in each flower. 
 
 Tri-an 'drous. [Trian 'drills; from 
 the same.] Having three stamens : tri- 
 andrious. 
 
 Tri-an 'gu-lar. [Triangularis ; 
 
 from tri-, “three,” or “thrice,” and an'- 
 gulus, an “ angle.”] Having three angles. 
 
 Tri-an-gu-la'ris La-bi-oriini.* 
 (“Triangular [Muscle] of the Lips.”) 
 A name frequently given to the depressor 
 ariguli. oris , from its triangular shape. 
 
 Triangularis Ster'ni.* (“Trian- 
 gular [Muscle] of the Sternum.”) A 
 muscle arising from the lower part of 
 the sternum and ensiform cartilage and 
 inserted into the cartilages of the third, 
 fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs. It is also 
 called sterno-costalis (i.e. “connected with 
 the sternum and ribs”). It depresses the 
 ribs. 
 
 Tri-an tlious. [Trian tlms ; from 
 rpelg, “three,” and arOog, a “flower.”] 
 Three-flowered. Applied to a plant the 
 peduncles of which bear three flowers. 
 
 Tri'as. A term for the new red sand- 
 stone group of rocks. See next article. 
 
 Trl-as'sic. [Trias'sicus; from rpiag, 
 a “triad.”] Applied to the new red 
 sandstone (or trios), because composed 
 of three divisions. 
 
 Tri-ba'sic. [Tribas'icus; from tri-, 
 “three,” and ha' sis, a “base.”] Having 
 three bases. Applied to salts having 
 three equivalents of a base to one of an 
 acid. See Bibasic. 
 
 Tri-cap 'su-lar. [Tricapsula'ris; 
 from tri-, “three,” and eap'sula, a “cap- 
 sule.”] Applied to fruits formed by the 
 union of three capsules. 
 
 Tri-car pel-Ia-ry. [From rpeTg, 
 “three,” and sap-nog, “fruit.”] Composed 
 of three carpels. 
 
 Tri-car pons. [Tricar'pus; from 
 the same.] In Botany, having three 
 ovaries. 
 
 Tri-sepli 'a-lous. [Tricepli'alius ; 
 
 from rpelg, “three,” and sccpaXt), the 
 “head.”] Three-headed. Applied to 
 plants. 
 
 Tri'ceps, ip'itis .* [From tri-, “three,” 
 and ca'put , the “head.”] Having three 
 heads. Applied to certain muscles hav- 
 ing three origins. 
 
 Tri'ceps Au'ris.* (“Three-headed 
 [Muscle] of the Ear.”) A name given 
 to the posterior auris , because it arises 
 by three distinct slips. 
 
 Tri'ceps Ex-ten 'sor Cru'ris.* 
 (“Three-headed Extensor of the Leg.”) 
 A large muscle which extends the leg. It 
 has been described as consisting of — 1. 
 The Vas'tus exter’nus, arising from the. 
 trochanter major and inserted into the 
 patella and fascia of the knee-joint. 2. 
 The Vas'tus inter'nus, arising from tho 
 571 
 
TRI 
 
 trochanter minor and inserted in like 
 manner into the patella and fascia. 3. 
 The Crurse'us, arising from between the 
 trochanters and inserted into the patella. 
 
 Tri'ceps Exten'sor 
 (“ Three-headed Extensor of the El- 
 bow/') A muscle arising by three heads 
 from the inferior border of the scapula, 
 and from the os humeri, and inserted into 
 the olecranon. It extends the forearm. 
 
 Tri-<*Iiaii'ttms. :: [From 0/>t£, rpixog, 
 the “hair,” and avQog, a “flower.”] Hav- 
 ing capillary or hair-like flowers. 
 
 Tri'-ehi-a,* or Tri-etai'a-sis.* [From 
 0pt'£, “hair.”] A disease in which the eye- 
 lashes are turned in towards the eyeball. 
 
 Tri-clitl'i-a E-met'i-ca.* The El- 
 ca'ja; a tree found in Arabia and Senegal. 
 The fruit is used as an emetic. 
 
 Tri-clii'na [from 0/>i'£, “hair,” from its 
 minuteness] Spi-ra'lts.* A species of 
 minute entozoon found in the muscles. 
 Heath is said to be sometimes caused by it. 
 
 Tri~eliis'mns.* [From 6pt%, “hair.”] 
 A hair-like and scarcely perceptible frac- 
 ture of a bone. 
 
 Trich-o-cal-y"®*' 5 ** 18 / 1 ' [From 0p(£, 
 “hair,” and Ka\vz, a “calyx.”] Having 
 the calyx covered with hair. 
 
 Trich-©-car'i>ns.* [From 0pt£, 
 “hair,” and Kapnog, “fruit.”] Having 
 hairy fruit. 
 
 Tri€lli-o-cau'las.* [From 0pt£, “hair,” 
 and Kav\og, a “stem.”] Having a hairy 
 stem. 
 
 Tri-eSB-©“$eu>li'R-liis [from 0pt£, 
 “hair,” and K&fxiXrj, the “head”] I>is'- 
 l>asv ; - The long thread-worm, generally 
 found in the caecum. 
 
 Tri'^ehoid. [Triclioi'des; from 0pt£, 
 “hair,” and e'idog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling hair. 
 
 Tri-cliol'o-g’y. [Trieholo'g’ia; from 
 
 0pi'£ , “hair,” and \6yog, a “discourse.”] 
 A treatise on hair, or the science of hair. 
 
 Tri-clio'ma, at is* [From Opt £, 
 “hair.”] Plica, or plaited hair; also 
 termed Trichia, and Trichiasis. A genus 
 of the order Impetigines, class Qachexise, 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Tricli-o-phyl'Ioos. [Tric!»oi?thyl'- 
 lus; from 0pi'£. “hair,” and (pvXXov , a 
 “leaf.”] Having hairy leaves. 
 
 Tri-clio'sis.* [From Opi\, rpt\o g, 
 “hair.”] A generic term applied by 
 Hr. Good to diseases of the hair. 
 
 Tri-ctiot'o-nious. [Trie^ot'o- 
 mus; from rpi\a, “ threefold,” and r£/*y<j, 
 to “cut.”] Bivirled into threes. In 
 Botany, branched into threes. 
 
 Tri'diro-i&m. [TricUirois'mus; 
 
 572 
 
 TRI 
 
 from rpeTg, “three,” and xpoa , “color.”] 
 The phenomenon of a body seeming to 
 be of three diflerent colors, according to 
 the way in which the luminous rays 
 traverse it; a phenomenon observed in 
 certain precious stones. 
 
 Tri-cEm'ras, i clis* [From 0pt£, a 
 “hair,” and ovpa, a “tail.”] The long 
 hair-worm. 
 
 TrI-coc'cons. [Tricoe'cns ; from 
 rpeTg, “three,” and kokko g, a “berry,”] 
 Having three cocci (separable closed 
 cells). 
 
 Tri-cor'ne.* [From tri-, “three,” 
 and cor'nu, a “horn.”] A term applied to 
 each lateral ventricle of the brain, from 
 its three-horned shape. 
 
 Ta*a-cns'pid. [Tricus'pis, i dis ; 
 from tri-, “three,” and cus' pis, a “point.”] 
 Having three points. Applied to a valve 
 between the right auricle and ventricle 
 of the heart. 
 
 Tri-cus ' pi-date. [Tricuspida'tus ; 
 
 from the same.] Having three points. 
 Applied to leaves. 
 
 Tra-clen'late. [From tri-, “three,” 
 and dens, den'tis, a “tooth.”] Three- 
 toothed. 
 
 Tri-en'm-al. [From tri-, “three,” 
 and an' nus, a “year.”] Lasting three 
 years. Applied to plants. 
 
 Trl-fa'cial. [Trifacia'lis: from tri-, 
 “three,” and fa'cies , the “face.”] Ap 
 plied to the fifth pair of nerves, their 
 three divisions being distributed on the 
 face. See Trigemini. 
 
 Tri-fiYra-oits. [Trifa'rins.] In 
 three vertical ranks. Applied to parts 
 of plants. 
 
 Tri 'lad. [Trif'idus; from tri-, 
 “three,” or “thrice,” and Jin' do, to 
 “cleave.”] Three-cleft. 
 
 Tri-fo'li-ate. [Tri folia 'Ins; from 
 tri-, “three,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
 Having three leaflets ; three-leaved. Ap- 
 plied to a compound leaf, as that of the 
 clover. 
 
 Tri-fo'li-um Pra-ten'se.* The sys- 
 tematic name for red clover, a plant of 
 the Linnaean class Diadelphia, natural 
 order Leguminosse. 
 
 Tri-fur'cate. [From tres , “three,” 
 and fur'ea, a “fork.”] Three-forked. 
 
 Trig'a-anous. [From rpeTg, “three,” 
 and yafiog, “marriage,” or “union.”] 
 Applied to plants having on the same 
 flower-head three sorts of flowers, stami- 
 nate, pistillate, and perfect. 
 
 Tri-gem'i-ni* {ner'vi being under- 
 stood). The “triple nerves.” Also termed 
 Par Tri-gem'I-mim,* the “triple 
 
TRI 
 
 TRI 
 
 pair.” A name for the fifth and largest 
 pair of the encephalic nerves. It con- 
 sists of three principal portions or 
 branches, called the ophthalmic , the supe- 
 rior maxillary, and the inferior maxil- 
 lary. As these three branches are prin- 
 cipally distributed to the muscles of the 
 face, they have been termed collectively 
 the trifacial nerve. 
 
 Tri-gem 'l-nns.* [From tri-, “three,” 
 and gem’ inns, “twin,” or “double.”] 
 Literally, “three double,” — that is, triple. 
 Applied in the plural to a pair of nerves. 
 See preceding article. 
 
 Trl'gon. [Trig© ' bb aim ; from rpzXg, 
 “three,” and yom'a, an “angle.” See 
 Trigone.] A figure of three angles; a 
 triangle. 
 
 Trig'o-mal, or Tri'go-nionis. [Tri- 
 go'iatns.] Three-cornered, or having 
 three angles. Applied to seeds or 
 fruits. 
 
 Trig-©®!*© (Fr.), tre-gon' [Trigo'ims: 
 from tri go' mini ] ; called also the Ves'- 
 I-cal Tri'ani-gle. The small triangular 
 space on the lining membrane of the 
 bladder, between the orifice of the ure- 
 thra and the orifices of the ureters. 
 
 Trigone Vesicale (v&'z&'k&l'), or 
 “Vesical Triangle.” See Trigone. 
 
 Trigomelfla Foenaam. See Fenu- 
 greek. 
 
 Tri-g©n-©-caa*'pus.* [From trigo’ - 
 nits, “triangular,” and Kapirog, “fruit.”] 
 Having triangular fruit : trigonocarpous. 
 
 Trag-o-no-met'ri-cal. [Trigono- 
 met'ricus.] Belonging to trigonome- 
 try. 
 
 Trig-o-nom'e-try. [Trigonome- 
 tria; from rpiycovou, a “triangle,” and 
 perpsu), to “measure.”] Originally, the 
 measurement of triangles, or that branch 
 of mathematics which treats of the rela- 
 tions between the sides and angles of 
 triangles. In its modern acceptation, it 
 includes all formulae relative to angles 
 or circular arcs, and the lines connected 
 with them. 
 
 Trigyn-oiis. [Trigyii'ius; from 
 rpctj, “three,” and ywr\, a “woman,” or 
 “female.”] Having three pistils; tri- 
 gynious. 
 
 Tra-be'«lral. [Trihed'ricus, or 
 Trihe'drus; from rpzXg, “three,” and 
 edpa, a “base.”] Having three bases or 
 faces: trihe'drous. 
 
 Tri'labe. [From tri-, “three,” and 
 la’bium , a “lip;” or perhaps from tri-, 
 and \aSeXv, to “lay hold on;” because it 
 takes a triple hold.] An instrument for 
 extracting foreign bodies from the blad- 
 49 
 
 dcr through the urethra. It has at the 
 termination three branches, or arms, 
 which can be expanded after it is in- 
 serted into the bladder. 
 
 Tri-lat'e-ral. [From tri-, “three,” 
 and la’tus, lat’eris, a “side.”] Three- 
 sided. 
 
 Trilliacese,* tril-le-a'sbe-e. [From 
 Tril'lium , one of the genera.] A natu- 
 ral order of endogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found in temperate regions. 
 
 Tril'li-iun.* A genus of plants of 
 the natural order Trilliacese . The root 
 is astringent. 
 
 Tri'lo-bate. [From tri-, “three,” and 
 lo'bus, a “lobe.”] Three-lobed. 
 
 Tri-loc'u-lar. [From tri- r “three,” 
 and loc'ulit8, a “cell.”] Three-celled. 
 
 Tri 'me- rows. [From t peXg, “three,” 
 and pepog, a “part.”] Having three parts 
 in each whorl. Applied to flowers which 
 have three petals, three stamens, etc. It 
 is often printed with figures : as, 3-merous. 
 
 Tri-ner'vate. [From tri-, “three,” 
 and ner’vus, a “ nerve.”] Three-nerved. 
 Applied to leaves. 
 
 Trieecioiis, tri-e'shus. [Trioe'cius; 
 from rpeig, “three,” and olrog, a “house,” 
 “habitation;” also, “family.” See Di- 
 oecious.] Having staminate, pistillate, 
 and perfect flowers on three different 
 plants of the same species. 
 
 Tri-os' te-iiin.** Fever-root. The 
 Pharmncopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
 root of the Trios’ teum perfolia’ turn. The 
 root is cathartic and (in large doses) 
 emetic. 
 
 Tri-ov'u-lafe. [From tri-, “three,” 
 and ov’ ulum, an “ ovule.”] Having three 
 ovules. 
 
 Tsri-par'ti-ble. [From tri-, “three,” 
 and par'tio, parti' turn, to “part.”] Ca- 
 pable of being split into three. 
 
 Tri-par life. [Triparti'tus; from 
 the same.] Three-parted. 
 
 Tri-pet'a-lous. [From TpeXg, “three,” 
 and TtiraXo’, a “petal.”] Having three 
 petals. 
 
 Tri-pbyMoiis. [TriphylTus: from 
 rpzXg, “three,” and (ptWov, a “leaf.”] 
 Having three leaves. 
 
 Tri-pin' 1® ate. [From tri-, “three,” or 
 “thrice,” and pin'na, a “feather.”] 
 Thrice-pinnate. Applied to a leaf in 
 which there are three series of pinna- 
 tion. 
 
 Tri-piii-nat'i-llcl. Thrice pinna- 
 tifid. 
 
 Trip li-ner veil. [Tripliner'vis ; 
 
 from tri’ plus, “triple,” and ner’vus, a 
 “nerve.”] Triple-nerved; triple-ribbed. 
 
 573 
 
TRI 
 
 TRO 
 
 Applied to a leaf when the midrib gives 
 off a strong primary vein or branch on 
 each side above the base. 
 
 Trip-lo ' pi-a. * [From rpnfkoo;, 
 
 “triple,” and oVro^at, to “see.”] Dis- 
 ordered vision in which objects are 
 tripled. 
 
 Tri'pod. [From rpsTg, “ three/' and 
 mV;, -oSog, a “foot.”] A stool, table, or 
 vessel having three feet. 
 
 Tri'pod, Vi'tal. A term applied to 
 the heart, lungs, and brain. 
 
 Tri-que'tra, ©s'sa* [see next article], 
 otherwise called ©s'sa Worm-I-a'na.* 
 The triangular bones sometimes found 
 in the course of the lambdoidal suture. 
 
 Tri-que'troais. [Trique'tms; from 
 trique'tra, a “triangle.”] Triangular; 
 having three salient angles. 
 
 Tri-salt'. [Tri'sal, airs/ from tri-, 
 “three,” or “thrice,” and sal, a “salt.”] 
 A salt containing three times as much 
 acid to the same quantity of base, or 
 three times as much base to the same 
 quantity of acid, as the corresponding 
 neutral salt. 
 
 Tri-sep 'a-lous. [From tri-, “three,” 
 and sep'alum, a “sepal.”] Composed of 
 three sepals. 
 
 Tri-se'ri-al. [From tres, “three,” 
 and se’ries, a “row,” or “order.”] In 
 three rows or ranks, one below another. 
 
 Tris'nrms.* [From rpi$a), to “gnash.”] 
 Lock-jaw or locked-jaw. See Tetanus 
 Trismus. 
 
 Tiris'iums XascesB'tinm* (nas-sen'- 
 she-um). (“Locked-Jaw of Infants.”) 
 Occurring usually within two weeks from 
 their birth. 
 
 Tris'rams Trana-mat'i-ciis.* Trau- 
 matic locked-jaw; that is, locked-jaw 
 arising from a wound. 
 
 Tri-splanch'ni-a. - Pinel's term for 
 an affection of the trisplanchnic or great 
 sympathetic nerve. Applied to Oriental 
 cholera. 
 
 Tri-splaneh'nic Jferve. [Ner'vns 
 Trisplancai'niicaas; from rpcTg, “three,” 
 and oTrXZyxros, a “viscus;” because it is 
 connected with the viscera of the three 
 great cavities of the body: viz., of the 
 head, thorax, arid abdomen.] Also called 
 the Great Sym-pa-tRiet'ic. The name 
 of a nerve, or, rather, a series of ganglia 
 joined together by a multitude of ner- 
 vous filaments. It extends the whole 
 length of the trunk, and is connected by 
 a branch with each of the thirty pairs 
 of spinal nerves, and also with some of 
 the encephalic nerves. Its peculiar func- 
 tion in tho animal economy has not yet 
 574 
 
 been satisfactorily explained. Bichat 
 considered it to be the nervous system 
 of organic life, as contradistinguished 
 from the brain and spinal marrow, which, 
 with their appropriate nerves, constitute 
 the nervous system of animal life. 
 
 Tris'ti-elBoos. [From rpeig, “three,” 
 and cnxog, a “row.”] In three vertical 
 ranks. Applied to leaves. 
 
 Tfl-stB^-mat'ic. [From tri-, 
 
 “three,” and stig'ma , stig'matis, a 
 “mark,” or “stigma.”] Having three 
 stigmas. 
 
 Tri-sty 'Ions. [From tri-, “three,” 
 and sty' Ins, a “style.”] Having three 
 styles. 
 
 Trit. = Tril'ura.% “Triturate.” 
 
 Tri-ter'mate. [From tri-, “three,” 
 or “thrice,” and ter’ni, “three by three.”] 
 Thrice ternate. Applied to a compound 
 leaf in which there are three series of 
 ternation. 
 
 Trit'i-cfn. [Tritici'na.] The glu- 
 ten of wheat. 
 
 Trit 'I -csim.* [From te’ro, tri'tum , 
 to “thresh.”] A Linnman genus of the 
 class Triandria , natural order Grami- 
 nacese. 
 
 Trit'icum iE-sti'vum.* (“Sum- 
 mer Wheat.”) The wheat-plant; more 
 properly applied to the variety known as 
 “ spring wheat.” 
 
 Trit'lctim Ily-ber nam.^ (“Win- 
 ter Wheat.”) The name of a species or 
 variety commonly known as winter 
 wheat. 
 
 Trit'icwm Vul-g-a're.* (“Common 
 Wheat.”) Another name for the wheat- 
 plant. See Triticum .ZEstivum. 
 
 Tri-tox'Me. [Tritox'yduim ; from 
 tri-, and ox'ydum, an “oxide.”] An 
 oxide which contains one atom of base 
 united to three atoms of oxygen. 
 
 Trit-u-ra' t ion. [Tra lu ra ' tio, 
 
 o'nis; from tc'ro, tri'tum, to “rub,” or 
 “bray.”] The process of reducing solid 
 bodies to powder by continued rub- 
 bing. 
 
 Triv'i-al. [Trivia'Its; from triv'- 
 ium, a “place where three ways meet.”] 
 Originally, “much frequented:” hence, 
 “common.” The trivial name is the 
 popular-name of a plant. In Botany, 
 used synonymously with specific, being 
 applied to the name which is added to 
 the generic name; for example, Gallica 
 is the trivial name in the compound 
 appellation Rosa Gallica. 
 
 Trocar, tro'k&r. [From trois quarts, 
 “three-quarters,” on account of its three- 
 sided point.] A sharp-pointed instru- 
 
TRO 
 
 TRU 
 
 ment used in the operation of tapping, 
 or paracentesis. 
 
 Trocli. = TrochW cu8.* “ A troche, or 
 lozenge.” 
 
 Tro-clian ' ter, e'ru?.'* [From rpoxaw, 
 to “turn,” or “revolve.”] Applied ori- 
 ginally to the ball on which the femur 
 turned in its socket. Applied to two 
 processes of the femur, major and minor. 
 Also to the second joint of the hind leg 
 of insects,* and to the second piece of 
 the simple limb of the Crustacea. 
 
 TrocBaar. See Trocar. 
 
 Troctie (trotch), orTroeh. See Tro- 
 chiscus. 
 
 Tro-eMiM-for'mis,* or Tro-chl- 
 for' inis.* [From rpoxog, a “wheel.”] 
 Resembling a wheel. 
 
 Troeli'i-nus.* [From no\6g, a 
 “wheel.”] Chaussier’s term for the 
 smaller of the two superior eminences of 
 the os humeri. 
 
 Tro-cliis'cus,* plural Tro-chis'^i. 
 
 [Diminutive of rpoyd?, a “wheel,*” be- 
 cause often made in the shape of a 
 wheel.] A troche, or lozenge, usually 
 consisting of some medicinal substance 
 incorporated with sugar or mucilage. (See 
 U.S. Pharmacopoeia, page 339.) 
 
 Troeli'I-ter, e'ros.* The larger of 
 the two eminences mentioned under 
 Trochinus. 
 
 Trochlea,* trok'le-a. [From rpoxog, 
 a “wheel ”] The fibro-cartilaginous 
 pulley near the internal angular process 
 of the frontal bone, through which the 
 tendon of the obhquns superior muscle 
 passes. 
 
 Troeh'le-air. [Troclilea'ris.] Be- 
 longing to the trochlea. In Botany, 
 pulley-shaped. 
 
 Troeh-le-a'ris.* A name for the 
 obli'quus superior, a muscle of the eye 
 which passes through the trochlea. 
 
 Troeh-le-a'toa*, o'nV* Applied in 
 the plural ( Trochleato'res ) to the fourth 
 pair of nerves, because distributed to 
 the trocklearis muscle. See Pathetic 
 Nerves. 
 
 Troeh-le-a-to'res,* the plural of 
 Trochleator, which see. 
 
 Tro'eliioid. [TrocBioi'des; from 
 rpoxk, a “wheel,” and eito;, a “form.”] 
 Resembling a wheel. Applied to a 
 movable connection of bones in which 
 one rotates upon another. 
 
 Troms&e mi Conduit cl’ Eustache. 
 The French term for Eustachian Tube, 
 which see. 
 
 Tronc. See Truncus. 
 
 Tro-pae'o-lum Ma'jus.* The sys- 
 
 tematic name of the nasturtium, a plant 
 of the natural order Geraniacese. It is 
 reputed antiscorbutic. 
 
 Tropti'i-cal. [Vroph iens: from 
 Tf^i), “nourishment.”] Pertaining to 
 nutrition. 
 
 Tropli-o-neu-ro'sis.* [From rpotpr), 
 “nourishment,” and neuro'sis .] A spe- 
 cies of fatal atrophy, in which the pro- 
 cess of nutrition suffers from diminished 
 nervous influence. 
 
 Troph'O'Sperm. [Trophospcr'- 
 inaum; from rpo^g, a “nurse,” or 
 “nourisher,” and o-nippa, a “seed.”] A 
 name for the placenta of plants. 
 
 Trop'ic. [Trop icus; from Tfomsog, 
 “pertaining to a turning.”] One of the 
 two parallels of latitude on the earth, 
 distant from the equate r 23^°, and 
 marking the utmost limit of the sun’s 
 advance noithward or southward at the 
 summer or winter solstice,* so named 
 because at this point the sun seems to 
 stop in its northward or southward course, 
 and turn backwards; the Northern is 
 called the Tropic of Cancer, the Southern, 
 that of Capricorn. 
 
 Trop'I-cal. [Gr. rponiKog; from Tponfj, 
 a “turn,” or “return.”] Growing near 
 or between the tropics; belonging to the 
 tropics. 
 
 Trough, Pneumatic. See Pneu- 
 matic Trough. 
 
 Tronsse. See Truss. 
 
 True Itibs. The seven superior, or 
 the sternal, ribs, attached to the sternum 
 by distinct cartilages. 
 
 True Spinal Mar row. The spi- 
 nal cord. 
 
 Tnif'fle. [L.y coper cion Tu ber.] 
 
 A subterranean fungus used as an ali- 
 ment. 
 
 Trum pet-Shapeil. Tubular, with 
 the summit dilated. Applied to flowers. 
 
 Trim 'cate, or Trun'cat-ed. 
 [Trimca'tus; from tncn'co, trunca’tum , 
 to “cut off.”] In Botany, shaped as if 
 cut off at the end. Applied to leaves. 
 A truncated cone (or pyramid) is one 
 whose vertex has been cut off by a plane 
 parallel to the base. 
 
 Trunlt. [Lat. Trun'cus; Fr. Tronc , 
 tr6N«.] Originally, the body, exclusive 
 of head and extremities: now often ap- 
 plied to the head and body without the 
 limbs. In Botany, the main stem or 
 column of a tree, exclusive of its branches. 
 
 Truss. [Lat. Braehe'rium; Fr. 
 Trousse, trooss.] A support or bandage 
 of peculiar construction, adapted to sev- 
 eral kinds of hernia. 
 
 575 
 
TUB 
 
 TUB 
 
 Tuba Eustacftiana. See Eusta- 
 chian Tube. 
 
 Tuba Fallopiana. See Fallopian 
 Tubes. 
 
 Tube. (From tu'bus , a "pipe,” or 
 "tube.”] In Botany, the portion of a 
 calyx or corolla formed by the union of 
 tho sepals or petals. 
 
 Tube, Pollen. See Pollen Tube. 
 
 Tu ber, er is.* [From tu'meo, to 
 "swell.”] A knob or excrescence. Ap- 
 plied in Anatomy to a hump or protube- 
 rance. In Botany, a short and thick- 
 ened subterranean branch, as the edible 
 part of the potato, popularly included 
 under the term "root.” In Surgery, a 
 knot, enlargement, or swelling of any 
 part. 
 
 Tuber Annulare. See Pons Ya- 
 
 ROLTL 
 
 Tu'ber Ci-ne're-um.* ("Ash- 
 colored Tuber.”) An eminence of gray 
 substance, forming part of the floor of 
 the third ventricle of the brain. 
 
 Tu'ber Is'-ebi-i.* ("Tuber of the 
 Ischium.”) A round knob forming that 
 point of the ischium on which we sit: 
 hence this bone has been named os sed- 
 entarium ("sedentary bone”). 
 
 Tti'ber-cle. [Tuber 'culum; dimi- 
 nutive of tu'ber, a "knob,” or "swell- 
 ing.”] A small swelling or tumor in 
 the substance of an organ. A morbid 
 product occurring in various textures of 
 the body, resulting from a peculiar mor- 
 bid habit or condition of the system 
 known as tubercular diathesis. In Bot- 
 any, a small tuber or excrescence. 
 
 Tu'ber-cletl. Bearing excrescences. 
 Applied to plants. 
 
 Tu-ber 'cu-la.* [Plural of tuber' culum, 
 a "tubercle,” or "little knob.”] An 
 order in Willan’s Cutaneous Diseases, 
 comprising small, hard, prominent, and 
 circumscribed tumors, permanent or par- 
 tially suppurating. 
 
 Tuber 'cula Quail-ri-gem'i-na.* 
 
 ("Quadruple Tubercles.”) [See Quad- 
 rigeminus.] Also termed Cor'po-ra 
 ^uadrigein'ina* ("Quadruple Bo- 
 dies”), and Em-I-nen'ti-ae Quadri* 
 g-em'inse* (" Quadruple Eminences, or 
 Protuberances”). The four oval-shaped 
 bodies situated below the posterior com- 
 missure of the brain. The two superior 
 and larger are termed the nates, the other 
 two the testes. 
 
 Tu-ber 'cu-lar. [Tubercula'ris ; 
 
 from tuber' culum.] Having tubercles; 
 tuberclcd. 
 
 Tuber cular IMitliis'is. Consump- 
 576 
 
 tion caused or attended by the develop- 
 ment of tubercles in the lungs. 
 
 Tu-ber-cu-lif 'er-ous. [Ttibercu- 
 
 lif'erus; from tuber' culum, a "tuber- 
 cle,” and fe'ro , to "bear.”] Bearing 
 tubercles. 
 
 Tu-ber-cu-li'tis.* [From tuber' cu- 
 lum, a "tubercle/’] Inflammation of a 
 tubercle. 
 
 Tu-ber-cu-lo'sis.* The formation 
 of tubercles or tuberculous disease; also 
 applied to the morbid condition which 
 gives rise to tubercles. 
 
 Tu-ber 'cu-lum An-nu-la're.* 
 
 ("Annular Protuberance:” so called 
 because its transverse strise present the 
 appearance of numerous small rings.) 
 A name for the Pons Varolii, which 
 see. 
 
 Tnbercnlum Loweri. See Loweri 
 
 Tuberculum. 
 
 Tu-be-rif 'er-ous. [Tuberif'erus; 
 
 from tu'ber, and fe’ro, to "bear.”] Bear- 
 ing or having tubers. 
 
 Tu-be-ros'i-ty. [Tuberos'itas ; 
 
 from tu'ber, a "knob.”] An eminence 
 or process of a bone, which gives attach- 
 ment to muscles or ligaments. 
 
 Tuberos'ity of the Is'eha-um. 
 The same as Tuber Isciiii, which see. 
 
 Tu'ber-ous. [Tubero'sus.] Hav- 
 ing tubers, or resembling tubers : tu'be- 
 roce. 
 
 Tu-bif'er-oras. [Tubif'erus; 
 
 from tu'bus, a "tube,” and fe'ro , to 
 "bear.”] Bearing or having tubes. 
 
 Tu-bi-flo'rus. ;: [From tu'bus, a 
 
 "tube,” and flos, a "flower.”] Having a 
 tubulous corolla; that is, having the tube 
 of the corolla very long: tubiflo'rous. 
 
 Tu'bi-form [Tubifor'mis, or 
 
 Tubsefor'mis; from tn'ba, a "trum- 
 pet”] ; written also Tu be-form. Formed 
 like a trumpet, or tube enlarged at one 
 of its extremities. 
 
 Tu'biform. [Tubifor'mis; from 
 
 tu'bus, a "tube.”] Formed like a tube. 
 
 Tu'bu-lar. [Tubula'ris; from 
 tu'bulus, a "little tube.”] Resembling 
 a tube; tube-shaped. Applied to a form 
 of monopetalous corolla; as that of the 
 Lonice'ra (Honeysuckle). 
 
 Tu'bu-lat-ed, or Tu'bu-lous. 
 
 [Tubula'tus; from the same.] Formed 
 like a tube; tubular. 
 
 Tu'bule. [Tu'bulus.] A small 
 tube. 
 
 Tu'bu-li.* [Plural of Tub ulus.] 
 ("Little Tubes.”) Applied to several 
 
 sets of minute vessels in different situa 
 tions of the body. 
 
TUB 
 
 TUN 
 
 Tu'buli Rec'ti.* (“Straight Tu- 
 bules.”) From twelve to twenty small 
 tubes which pass in parallel lines to the 
 back and upper part of the testicle, form- 
 ing there an oblong eminence termed the 
 Corpus Hiyhmori or Corpus Hiyhmori- 
 anum (“Highmorian Body”). 
 
 Tu'buli Sem-i-nif'e-ri.* (“Semi- 
 niferous Tubules.”) The small, fine, 
 tubular threads, about the two-hundredth 
 of an inch in diameter, which, folded on 
 each other, compose the substance of the 
 testicle. 
 
 Tu'buli U-rl-nif'e-ri.* (“Urinif- 
 erous Tubules.”) The small fine vessels 
 of a pale color and dense structure, 
 arranged in eight or ten conical fascic- 
 uli, which have their bases to the cir- 
 cumference, and their apices, or papillae, 
 towards the concave edge of the kidney. 
 
 Tu'bu-li-bran-dil-a'tus.* [F rom 
 tu'bulus, a “tubule,” and bran’ chisel] 
 Having a tubular shell for the branchiae : 
 tubulibran'chiate. 
 
 Tu-bu-lif er-ous. [Tubulff'erus ; 
 
 from tu'bulus, a “little tube,” and fe'ro, 
 to “bear.”] Bearing little tubes. 
 
 Tu-bu-li-flo'rus.* [From tu'bulus, 
 a “little tube,” and flos, a “flower.”] 
 Having tubular flowers: t.ubuliflo'rous. 
 
 Tn bu-li- form. [Tubulifor'mis.] 
 Formed like a small tube. 
 
 Tu-bu-lose'. [Tubulo'sus.] The 
 same as Tubular, which see. 
 
 Tu'bu-lus,* plural Tu 'bu-li. [Di- 
 minutive of tu'bus, a “ tube.”] A little 
 tube: a tu'bule. 
 
 Tu'bus.*- A tube, or hollow cylinder. 
 The inferior part of a calyx or a corolla. 
 See Tube. 
 
 Tu'ffa.* A volcanic rock, composed of 
 an agglutination of fragmented scoriae. 
 
 Tu-lip-if ' ei*-ous. [Tulipif 'erus ; 
 
 from tu’lipa, a “tulip,” and fe’ro, to 
 “bear.”] Bearing flowers like the tulip. 
 
 Tu'lip-Tree. A common name for 
 the Lirioden’ (Iron tulqnf era. See Lirio- 
 DENDRON. 
 
 Tul'pi-i A&l'va.* (“Valve of Tul- 
 pius.”) A name applied to the ileo-caecal 
 valve. See Bauhin, Valve of. 
 
 Tu-me-fac'tion. [Tuanefac'tio, 
 o'nis; from tumefa'cio , turncfac' turn, to 
 “make to swell.”] A swelling or en- 
 largement, from whatever cause. 
 
 Tw-mes'^ence. [Tuineseen'tia s 
 from tnmes’co, to “ swell.”] The same as 
 Tumefaction. 
 
 Tu'mid. [Tu'midus; from tu’meo , 
 to “swell.”] Swollen, or somewhat in- 
 flated. 
 
 Tu'moay* plural Tu-mo'res. [From 
 tu'meo, to “ swell.”] A morbid enlarge- 
 ment, from whatever cause; commonly 
 applied to a permanent swelling or en- 
 largement. Tumors may be distinguished 
 into the sarcomatous, so named from theil 
 firm fleshy feel, and the encysted, com- 
 monly called wens. 
 
 Tu mor O-va'ri-i.* (“ Tumor of the 
 
 Ovary.”) See Oarioncus. 
 
 Tu-mo'res,* the plural of Tumor, 
 which see. 
 
 Tung'state. [Tung'stas, a'ft's.] A 
 combination of tungstic acid with a 
 base. 
 
 Tung'sten. [Tung'ste'nium ; from 
 the Swedish tuny, “heavy,” and sten, 
 “stone.”] A white, hard, brittle metal, 
 very difficult of fusion, and having the 
 high specific gravity of 17.4. 
 
 Tung 'stic. [Tungstious; from 
 tunyste' nium, “tungsten.”] Belonging to 
 tungsten. Applied to an oxide which is 
 the first, and to an acid that is the second, 
 degree of oxidation of tungsten. 
 
 Tu'ni-ca.* [Perhaps from tu’eor, to 
 “defend,” or “protect.”] A Latin word 
 signifying a “coat,” a “tunic.” Applied 
 to a covering, membrane, etc. 
 
 Tu'niea Ad-na'ta.* (“Adnate 
 Coat or Membrane.”) A term for that 
 part of the conjunctiva which is in con- 
 tact with the eyeball. 
 
 Tu nica Al-bu-gin'e-a Oc'u-li.* 
 (“White Tunic of the Eye.”) Applied to 
 the tendinous expansions of the muscles 
 that move the eye, closely connected with 
 the sclerotic coat. 
 
 Tu'niea Albugin'ea Tes'tis.* 
 
 (“White Coat of the Testicle.”) A 
 strong, white, dense membrane forming 
 the immediate covering of the testicle. 
 See Albugineous. 
 
 Tu'niea A-rach-no-i'des.* (“A- 
 rachnoid Tunic or Membrane.”) The 
 fine, thin membrane of the brain, situated 
 between the dura mater and/)?« mater. 
 
 Tunica Clioroides. See Choroid 
 Membrane. 
 
 Tu'niea Com-mii'nis.* (“Common 
 Tunic:” so called because common to 
 the cord and testicle.) A tunic surround- 
 ing the spermatic cord and testicle, com- 
 posed of the expanded fibre of the cre- 
 master muscle and the connecting cellu- 
 lar tissue. 
 
 Tunica Conjunctiva. See Con- 
 junctives. 
 
 Tu'niea I>e-cid'u-a Re- flex 'a.* 
 
 (“Deciduous Reflexed Membrane.”) See 
 Decidua Reflexa. 
 
 49* 
 
 677 
 
TUN 
 
 TUS 
 
 Tu'nica Decid ua U'te-ri.* (“ De- 
 ciduous Membrane of the Uterus.”) See 
 Decidua Vera. 
 
 Tunica Jacobi. See Membrana 
 Jacobi. 
 
 Tu'nica Ret'i-na.* (“Net-form 
 Membrane.”) Another name for the Re- 
 tina, which see. 
 
 Tu'nica Vag-i-na'lis Tes'tis.* 
 
 (“Vaginal Coat of the Testicle.”) A 
 pouch of serous membrane derived from 
 the peritonaeum and covering the testis. 
 
 Tu-nl-ca'ta.* [From tu'nica , a “tu- 
 nic.”] The first class of the Cyclo-yan- 
 gliata, or Mollusks, comprising soft, 
 aquatic acephalous animals, having their 
 body enveloped in an elastic tunic fur- 
 nished with at least two apertures. 
 
 Tu'ni-cat-ed, or Tu'ni-cate. [Tu- 
 nica' tus; from the same.] Covered; 
 coated; having an accessory covering. 
 
 Tu'nicated Bulb. A bulb with 
 broad scales in concentric layers, as the 
 onion. 
 
 TurbetBi (or TurMtSa) Mineral. 
 
 See Turpeth Mineral. 
 
 Tur'betSi Plant. The Convolvulus 
 turpethum. 
 
 Tur'bi-nal. [TurMma'lis ; from 
 turbina’ turn os.] ~ Proposed by Owen for 
 the homologues of the inferior turbinated 
 or spongy bone. 
 
 Tur'bi-nate, or Tur'M-nat-ed. 
 [Turbin a ' tus ; from tur'bo , tar' hints, a 
 “top.”] Formed like a top; wreathed 
 conically from a base to a sort of apex. 
 
 Tur'binaied Bones. [<Os'sa Tins’- 
 bina'ta.] “Top-shaped bones.” Two 
 bones of the nostrils: so called from 
 their being formed like a top. They are 
 also called inferior spongy bones, and 
 ossa convoluta, or “convoluted bones.” 
 
 Tur'ba-ni-flo'rus.* [From tur'bo , 
 tur'binis, a “top,” and jlos, a “flower.”] 
 Having turbinated flowers: turbiniflo'- 
 rous. 
 
 Tur'bi-mi-forim. [Turbimafor'- 
 
 inis? from tur'bo, tur'binis, a “top.”] 
 The same as Turbinated. 
 
 Turf. [Ces'pes.] A grassy sod; the 
 surface of grass-lands of a smooth and 
 uniform texture, covered with pasture- 
 grass. The term is also sometimes ap- 
 plied to peat cut out of a bog. 
 
 Tur-g^s'?ence. [From turges'eo, to 
 “begin to swell.”] A superabundance 
 of humors in a part; turgidity. 
 
 Turbidity. See Turgescence. 
 
 Tur'gor Vi-ta'las.* A synonym of 
 Turgescence, which see. 
 
 Tu 'r l-on. [Tu'rio, o'nis; from Uj’ro, 
 578 
 
 a “young beginner.”] The early state 
 of a sucker or subterranean shoot, as an 
 asparagus-shoot. 
 
 Tu-ri-o-nif 'er-ous. [ Turionif 'e- 
 
 rus; from tu'rio, a “ turion,” and fe'ro, 
 to “bear.”] Producing turions. 
 
 Tur'ltey REiu'barb. The Rheum 
 pahnatum. See Rheum. 
 
 Tur'me-ric. The root of Curcuma 
 longa. See Curcuma. 
 
 Vur'nneric Fa'per. White, bibulous, 
 and unsized paper, brushed over with 
 tincture of turmeric, prepared by digest- 
 ing one part of bruised turmeric in six 
 parts of proof-spirit. It is often used in 
 the chemical laboratory as a test of the 
 presence of free alkalies and their car- 
 bonates, by which its yellow color is 
 changed to brown. 
 
 Turn of Ufe. The same as Change 
 op Life, which see. 
 
 Tmr'ner’s Ce'rate. The Ceratum 
 Calaminse, or “cerate of calamine” (Lond. 
 and Ed. Ph.), the Unguentum Calaminse 
 of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Turpentine. See Terebinthina. 
 
 Turpentine, CMan. See Tere- 
 binthina Chia. 
 
 Turpentine, Common. See Tere- 
 binthina Vulgaris. 
 
 Turpentine, Cyprian. See Tere- 
 binthina Chia. 
 
 Turpentine, ©il of. See Oil op 
 Turpentine. 
 
 Tur 'pen -tine, Spir'its of. The 
 
 same as Oil op Turpentine. 
 
 Turpentine, Venice. See Tere- 
 binthina Veneta. 
 
 Tur'petBi (or Tnr'betto) Min'e-ral. 
 [Tur'petflaum Minera'le.] A common 
 name for Hydrargyri Sulphas Flava, 
 which see. 
 
 Tur'pe-tlmm Xi'p’im* A name 
 for the black oxide of mercury (Hydrar'- 
 gyri ox'ydum cine'reum or ni'grum). 
 
 Tur-quoise'. A blue precious stono 
 found in great quantities in the Nisha- 
 poor mines in Persia, consisting chiefly 
 of hydrated alumina. 
 
 Tia-rim'da, :: plural Tu-run'dae. A 
 tent or suppository. 
 
 Tushy-Stone. See Tutty. 
 
 Tus-sl-la'go Far'fa-ra.* Colt’s-foot. 
 A plant of the Linnoean class Syngenesia, 
 natural order Composite. It is demul- 
 cent and expectorant. 
 
 Tus'sis.* A cough. 
 
 Tus'sis Con-vul-si'va^ (“Convulsive 
 Cough”), Tus'sis Fe-ri'na : (“ Fierce or 
 Savage Cough”). Names for pertussis, 
 or hooping-cough. 
 
TUS 
 
 TYP 
 
 Tus'slve. [From tus'sis, a “ cough.”] 
 Relating to, or caused by, cough. 
 
 Tut'ty. [Tu'tia.] (Persian.) A gray 
 oxide of zinc, vulgarly called tushy- 
 stone. 
 
 Twim-Forlted. See Bigeminate. 
 
 Twi'inaiBg’. [Volu'bilis.] Wind- 
 ing spirally round a support, as a twi- 
 ning plant. 
 
 Twin^lt/liang’. The tremulous motion 
 of the light of the fixed stars, attributed 
 to the unequal refraction caused by in- 
 equalities and undulations in the atmo- 
 sphere. See Scintillation. 
 
 Twins. [Gem'ini.] Two children 
 born of one woman at the same accouche- 
 ment. 
 
 Two-Raioked. See Distichous. 
 
 Ty-eli'I-ca.* [From rvxi, an “acci- 
 dent/’] Accidental wounds or deformi- 
 ties. 
 
 Ty-lopli'o-ra Astli-mat'i-ca.* An 
 
 East Indian plant of the natural order 
 Asclejriadacese. The root is emetic and 
 cathartic. 
 
 Ty-l©'sis.* [From rv\o;, a “cal- 
 losity.”] A swollen and knotty state of 
 the eyelids, in which their margin often 
 loses altogether its natural form and ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 Ty-l®s-4e-re'sis.* [From tv\o;, a 
 “callus,” and cTeprjaig, “privation.”] Ex- 
 tirpation or removal of a callus. 
 
 Tym']»a*nal. [Tympaaia'lis.] Be- 
 longing to the tympanum. 
 
 Tym'pa-aaic, or tim-pan'ik. [Tyin- 
 pan'icus; from tym'panum, the “drum 
 of the ear.”] Relating to the tympanum. 
 
 Tym-pa-mi'tes.* [From tym'panum , 
 a “drum.”] Tympany ; wind-dropsy. A 
 genus of the order Intumescentise, class 
 Cachexise , of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Tym'pa-imm.^ [From Tvjmavov, a 
 “drum.”J The drum, or hollow part of 
 the middle ear , containing the ossicula. 
 
 Type. [From ty'jms, a “form,” or 
 “type.” See Typus.] In Botany, a 
 pattern or ideal plan. The leaf is as- 
 sumed as the type or pattern to which 
 all the other organs (arising from the 
 ascending axis) may be referred; that 
 is, all those organs are considered as 
 modifications or transformations of a 
 leaf. Also, a letter, or a piece of metal 
 moulded into the form of a letter or 
 character. 
 
 Type-Met'al. An alloy of lead and 
 antimony, with a small proportion of tin, 
 used in casting printers* types. One part 
 of antimony to three of lead are the 
 usual proportions. 
 
 Typliacese,* ti-fashe-e. A natural 
 order of endogenous herbaceous plants, 
 growing in marshes or ditches in the 
 northern parts of the world. It includes 
 the Ty'pha (Cat-tail). 
 
 Ty'phae,* the plural of Ty'pha, form- 
 ing the Jussieuan name of an order of 
 plants. See Typhaceje. 
 
 Ty-plio'des.* [From ty'phus.’] Hav- 
 ing, or pertaining to, typhus: ty'phous. 
 
 Ty'phoaal. [Typhoi'des; from iy ' - 
 phus, and eidug, a “form.”] Resembling 
 typhus. 
 
 Ty'plaoid Fe ver. [Fe'bris Ty- 
 plioi'des.] Applied to a fever distin- 
 guished from typhus by a lesion of the 
 intestines, but closely resembling it in 
 other respects. By many it is thought to 
 be typhus merely complicated with the 
 intestinal lesion. 
 
 Ty 'pli<i>-3Ia-Ea'rI-al. A term ap- 
 plied to a group of fevers in which the 
 typhoid and malarial elements are vari- 
 ously blended. 
 
 Ty-plio-ma'mi-a.* [From rv(}og , 
 “ stupor,” and pavia, “madness.”] A low, 
 lethargic state, complicated with mutter- 
 ing delirium, characterizing typhus fever. 
 
 Ty-phoon'. [From the Chinese in, 
 “great,” and foony, “wind.”] A name 
 given to a violent tornado or hurricane 
 in the Chinese seas. 
 
 Ty-pliosus.* The same as Typho- 
 des, which see. 
 
 Ty 'plans.* [From rv^og, a “heavy 
 stupor.”] A kind of continued fever, 
 attended with great prostration of the 
 nervous and vascular systems, with a 
 tendency^ to putrefaction in the fluids, 
 and vitiation of the secretions; putrid 
 fever. A genus of the order Fehres, class 
 Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Ty ' pie n s tar'ce-riim/ ( “ Ty p h u s 
 of Prisons.”) The jail-fever, a name 
 for Typhus grarior ; also called Fehris 
 carcerum (“lever of prisons”). 
 
 Ty 'plans Fas-tren'sis.* (“Camp 
 Typhus.”) A name for Tyjrhus gravior; 
 otherwise called Fehris eastr crisis, or 
 “camp fever.” These names, however, 
 must be understood to refer to European 
 armies. Typhus, in its unmixed charac- 
 ter, has seldom, if ever, made its ap- 
 pearance in the armies of the United 
 States. 
 
 Ty 'pirns Gra'vS-OBV* (“Severer 
 Typhus.”) The malignant form of ty- 
 phus; also called, according to circum- 
 stances, Fehris carcerum, and Fehris cas- 
 trensis. See the two preceding articles. 
 
 Ty'plms Mit'ior* (mish'e-or). 
 
 579 
 
TYP 
 
 ULN 
 
 (“ Milder Typhus.”) The milder form 
 of typhus, or low fever; slow fever; 
 also called Febns lento. (“ slow fever”), 
 Febris nervosa (“ nervous fever”). 
 
 Ty 'pirns Xer-\o's«s. :;: (“Nervous 
 Typhus.”) A name for Tyjyhus mitior ; 
 Febris nervosa. 
 
 Ty'plms Pe-te-clii-a'lis* (“Pete- 
 chial Typhus”), or typhus with purple 
 spots, a name for Typhus gravior; called 
 also Febris petechialis (“petechial 
 fever'’). 
 
 Typ'i-cal, or Typ 'ac. [From ty'pus, 
 a “type.”] Representing the type, or 
 plan; figurative; representative. 
 
 Ty-peg-' rijt-pSiy . [Typogra'plsaa ; 
 
 from tvtto;, a “type,” and ypa0o>, to 
 “ write.”] The art of printing. 
 
 Typ'o-llte. [Typol'itlius ; from 
 ty'pus, a “type,” and XiOog, a “stone.”] 
 
 A stone with impressions of organic, 
 vegetable, or animal bodies : a typolith. 
 
 Ty'pus.* [From rwrrw, to “strike,” 
 or “stamp.”] Literally, a “mould,” or 
 “pattern.” Applied to the form, order, 
 and progress of fevers, etc. : a type. 
 
 Tyr-e-i'na.* [From rnpog, “cheese.”] 
 The same as Casein, which see. 
 
 Ty-rem'e-sis [from rvpog, “cheese,” 
 and i'psffts, a “vomiting”] Infan'tiuni* 
 (in-fan'she-um). The caseous vomiting 
 of infants. 
 
 Tyr o-sine. [Tyrosi'na ; from rvpog, 
 “cheese.”] The essential ingredient of 
 cheese. See Casein. 
 
 Ty-so'ni Glan'du-lie . 5 (“Tyson’s 
 Glandules.”) The Glandulse odoriferse, 
 small sebaceous glands around the co- 
 rona glandis of tbe penis, and on the 
 labia pudendi and nymph se. 
 
 U. 
 
 l-Iiein-or-rliagi-a. [From ovKov , 
 the “gum,” and hieniorrha'gia .] Bleed- 
 ing from the gums. 
 
 U-la-tro'plii-a.^ [From ov\ov, the 
 “gum,” and atro'phia, “atrophy.”] 
 Wasting or shrinking away of the gums. 
 
 Ul'^er. [Ul'cus, erisi] A solution 
 of continuity in any soft parts by ul- 
 ceration on some internal or external 
 surface. 
 
 ITl'ce-rat-eil. [Ulcera'tus ; from 
 ul'cus, an “ulcer.”] Affected with ulcers; 
 having ulcers. 
 
 Ul-ce-ra'tiou. [Xllcera'tlo, o ’nis; 
 from the same.] The formation of an 
 ulcer; or that process by which ulcers are 
 formed, consisting in the old particles of 
 the textures affected being taken up by 
 the absorbents more rapidly than new 
 particles are supplied by the secerning 
 arteries. 
 
 Ul'ce-ra-tive. [Ulcerati'vus; from 
 the same.] Pertaining to or causing 
 ulceration. 
 
 Ul'cer-ous. [lUcero'sns ; from 
 ul'cus, ul' certs, an “ulcer.”] Having 
 ulcers; of the nature of an ulcer. 
 
 Ul'cus,* gen. XJI'^e-ris. A Latin 
 term signifying an “ulcer.” 
 
 U-ll&'i-nous, or U-Ii&'i-nose. 
 [Uligino'sus; from uli'go, nlig'inis , 
 “ moisture of the earth.”] Oozy or slimy ; 
 also, growing or living in moist and 
 marshy meadows. 
 
 U-li'tis, id is.* [From ov\o>, the 
 “gum.”] Inflammation of the gums. 
 
 5S0 ‘ 
 
 Ulmacese,* ul-ma'she-e. A natural 
 order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
 natives of Europe, Asia, and North 
 America. It includes the Ul'mus (Elm) 
 and other timber- trees. 
 
 Ul'mic. [Ul'nuicus; from ul'mus, 
 the “elm.”] Belonging to the elm. 
 Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
 
 Ul'min. [From the same.] A pecu- 
 liar vegetable principle which exudes 
 spontaneously from the trunk of a spe- 
 cies of elm, supposed to be the Ulmus 
 nigra. 
 
 Ul'mus.*' (Fr. Orme, oRm.) A Lin- 
 nsean genus of the class Pentandria , natu- 
 ral order Ulmacese. Also, the Pharina- 
 copoeial name (Br. Ph.) for the inner bark 
 of Ulmus campestris ; but according to 
 the United States Pharmacopoeia, the 
 inner bark of Ulmus fulca. 
 
 Ul'mus Uam-pes'tris.* (“Elm of 
 the Open Fields.”) A species of Euro- 
 pean elm, the bark of which is used as a 
 demulcent, and sometimes as a tonic, 
 astringent, and diuretic. 
 
 Ul'na.* [From the “elbow,” 
 
 also, the “arm.”] The larger bone of 
 the forearm; also termed cubitus. 
 
 Ill'imr. [Ulna'ris; from ul'na.'] 
 Belonging to the ulna or cubit; used by 
 Dr. Barclay as meaning towards the ulna. 
 
 Ul-ua'ris.* Tbe name of two mus- 
 cles of the forearm: — 1. A flexor muscle, 
 arising from the inner condyle of the os 
 humeri and inserted into the pisiform 
 bone. 2. An extensor muscle, arising 
 
ULO 
 
 UND 
 
 from the outer condyle of the os humeri 
 and inserted into the little finger. 
 
 U-lo-car-^I-no'ma, a tis.* [From 
 ov\o!/, the “gum,” and carcino'ma, “can- 
 cer.”] Cancer of the gums or alveoli. 
 
 U-loii'cus.* [From ovXor, the “gum,” 
 and oy/coj, a “ tumor.”] A tumor or 
 swelling of the gum. 
 
 U-lor-rha'g , I-a.* [From ov\ov , the 
 “gum,” and phyi/vyi, to “burst forth.”] 
 A sudden discharge of blood from the 
 gums. 
 
 U -lor-rhoe'a.* [From ov\ov , the 
 “gum,” and ptw, to “flow.”] An oozing 
 (of blood) from the gums. 
 
 Ul'ti-mate. [From uVtimus , “last,” 
 or “utmost;” the superlative degree of 
 ul'tra, “ beyond.”] The last, or farthest ; 
 extreme. See next article. 
 
 Ul'ti-mate A-nal'y-sis. A term 
 applied in Chemistry to the resolution 
 of substances into their absolute or sim- 
 ple elements, and opposed to proximate 
 analysis, by which they are merely re- 
 solved into secondary compounds. 
 
 Ul'tiniate Ul'e-ments, or Ul'ti- 
 mate Prill' ci-ples. Those which 
 compose proximate principles; in other 
 words, the last to which we can trace the 
 constitution of substances. See Ulti- 
 mate Analysis, and Proximate Princi- 
 ples. 
 
 Ul-tra-marine (-ma-reen'). [From 
 ul'tra, “beyond,” and ma’re, the “sea;” 
 implying that its color surpasses the 
 deep blue of the sea.] A blue pow T der or 
 pigment obtained from the lapis lazuli, 
 and highly prized for the beauty and 
 permanence of its color. 
 
 -ulus, -ula, and -uliim. Latin 
 terminals denoting diminutives. Com- 
 pare Tubulus, Spicula, and Animal- 
 CULTJM. 
 
 Umb.= Umhili'cus.% The “navel.” 
 
 Unn'bel, or Um-bel'la.* [Diminu- 
 tive of M»i'6ra,a“ shade.”] An umbrella- 
 shaped inflorescence in which several 
 flower-stalks arise from the same appa- 
 rent point, so as to resemble the rays of 
 an umbrella, as in the Milkweed, Parsley, 
 etc. 
 
 Um'bel-late. [From umbel' la. an 
 “umbel.”] Bearing or having umbels. 
 
 Um'bel-let. [From the same.] A 
 secondary or partial umbel. 
 
 Um-bel-lif 'e-rse.* [See next article.] 
 A natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, found mostly in temperate or cold 
 glimates, and named from the mode of 
 inflorescence. Some are esculent, as pars- 
 nip and celery; many produce aromatic 
 
 seeds, as coriander and caraway. The 
 hemlock ( Cicuta ) and others are poison 
 ous. Among the products of this ordei 
 is Assafoetida. 
 
 Um-bel-lif'er-ous. [Umbellif'- 
 
 erus; from umbel' la, an “umbel,” and 
 fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Bearing i mbels. See 
 UmBELLIFERjE. 
 
 Um-bel'lu-la.* [Diminutive of um- 
 bel' la, an “umbel.”] A little or partial 
 umbel; an umbellule. 
 
 Um'ber. [Probably from Om'bria , 
 where it was obtained.] A brown clay 
 iron-ore, used as a pigment. 
 
 Um-bil'I-cal. [Umbilica'lis.] Per- 
 taining to the umbilicus. 
 
 Umbilical (orcl. [Fu'itis Um- 
 bilica'lis.] The navel-string. 
 
 Umbil ical Region. [Mcsogns'- 
 trium.] TLiat poition of the abdomen 
 two or three inches above, below, and 
 m each side of the umbilicus. 
 
 Umbilical Vesicle. See Blasto- 
 depmic Vesicle. 
 
 1 m-bil'i-cate. [Umbilica'tvos; 
 
 from umbili'eus, the “navel.”] Dim- 
 pled; depressed in the centre like the 
 navel. Applied to parts of plants. 
 
 Um-bi-li'cws.* See Preface, pa^e 
 ix.) [From fy</aA</cof, “pertaining to 
 the navel”?] (Fr. Nombril; nbii'bE&'.) 
 The navel. In Botany, the hilum of a 
 seed. 
 
 Um'bo-nate. [From um'bo, the “boss 
 of a shield.”] Bearing an umbo, boss, or 
 central projection. 
 
 Tm-brac n-ll-form. [From urn' 
 brac'ulum , a “parasol.”] Umbrella- 
 shaped. Applied to plants. 
 
 U-na-bran'-chi-iis.* [From u'nus, 
 “one only,” and bi anchiseJ] Having 
 branchise only on one side of the body. 
 
 Un'ci*a. :;: An ounce; a weight con- 
 taining eight drachms. In Troy weight, 
 as well as in apothecaries’ weight, the 
 twelfth part of a pound. 
 
 Un'ci-fbrm, or Un'ci-nate. [Um- 
 cina'tns; from un'eus, a “hook.”] 
 Hooked; shaped like a hook. 
 
 Uncinate. See Unciform. 
 
 Un'date. The same as Undulate, 
 which see. 
 
 Undersfirnb. See Suffrutfx. 
 
 Un'dii-late, or Un'du-lat-ed. 
 
 [Ufiidmla'tus; from vn'dula, a “little 
 wave.”] Waved or wavy ; having a mar- 
 gin alternately concave and convex. 
 
 Un'dw-la-to-ry TSie'o-ry. In Op- 
 tics, the theory which maintains that the 
 impression of light is conveyed to the 
 eye by the vibrations or undulations of 
 581 
 
UNE 
 
 UNG 
 
 a very subtle and elastic fluid, or ether, 
 which pervades all space and penetrates 
 all substances, and to which the lumi- 
 nous body gives an impulse, which is 
 propagated with inconceivable rapidity, 
 as sound is conveyed through the air. 
 
 Uii-e'qtial-ly-Piii'Bnate. The same 
 as Impari-Pinnate, which see. 
 
 Ung*. — Unguent turn .‘* “Ointment.” 
 
 HJn'g-uemt. [Unguen'tiim ; from 
 un'guo , to “anoint.”] (Fr. Onguent, 
 6N<»'goN G '.) An ointment or preparation 
 usually of the consistence of butter; a 
 salve. 
 
 Un-g , iien'tiim Tan'ni-ci.* 
 
 (“Ointment of Tannic Acid.”) Take of 
 tannic acid, thirty grains, water, half a 
 fluidrachm, lard, a troyounce. Rub the 
 acid first with the water, and then with 
 the lard, until they are thoroughly 
 mixed, avoiding the use of an iron 
 spatula. 
 
 Ungnen'tani Ad ' 1 -pis* (“Ointment 
 of Lard”), Unguen'tum Sim'plex,* 
 1850 (“Simple Ointment”). Take of 
 lard, eight troyounces, white wax, two 
 troyounces. Melt them together with a 
 moderate heat, and stir the mixture con- 
 stantly while cooling. 
 
 U ng’uen'tum An-ti-mo'ni-i.* 
 (“ Ointment of Antimony.”) Take of 
 tartrate of antimony and potassa, in 
 very fine powder, one hundred and 
 twenty grains, lard, a troyounce. Rub 
 the powder with a little of the lard, then 
 add the remainder and thoroughly mix 
 them. 
 
 U ngiteai ' turn Bel-la-dom'iise.* 
 
 (“Ointment of Belladonna.”) Take of 
 extract of belladonna, sixty grains, 
 water, half a fluidrachm, lard, a troy- 
 ounce. Rub the extract first with the 
 water until rendered uniformly soft, 
 then with the lard, and thoroughly mix 
 them. 
 
 tlng-cien 'turn Cre-a-so'ti.* (“Oint- 
 ment of Creasote.”) Take of creasote, 
 half a fluidrachm, lard, a troyounce. Mix 
 them. 
 
 Unguen'tum Gal'lse.* (“ Oint- 
 ment of Nutgall.”) Take of nutgall, 
 in fine powder, a troyounce, lard, seven 
 ounces. Mix them. 
 
 Un^nen'tum . Hy-drar'gy-ri,* 
 (“Ointment of Mercury.”) The Phar- 
 macopoeial name || for an ointment pre- 
 pared by rubbing mercury with a mixture 
 of equal parts of suet and lard until the 
 globules can no longer be seen. 
 
 Ingiien tum Hydrar'g’.yri Ox'l- 
 di Bu'bri.* (“ Ointment of Red Oxide 
 582 
 
 of Mercury.”) Take of red oxide of 
 mercury, in very fine powder, sixty 
 grains, ointment of lard, a troyounce. 
 Add the oxide of mercury to the oint- 
 ment previously softened with a gentle 
 heat, and thoroughly mix them. 
 
 Uns'iiem'tum I-o-din'i-i.* (“Oint- 
 ment of Iodine.”) Take of iodine, 
 twenty grains, iodide of potassium, four 
 grains, water, six minims, lard, a troy- 
 ounce. Rub the iodine and iodide of 
 potassium first with the water, and then 
 with the lard, until they are thoroughly 
 mixed. 
 
 Ung’ueii'tiim lodin'ii €om-pos 1- 
 
 turn.* (“Compound Ointment of 
 Iodine.”) Take of iodine, fifteen grains, 
 iodide of potassium, thirty grains, water, 
 thirty minims, lard, a troyounce. Rub 
 the iodine and iodide of potassium first 
 with the water, and then with the lard, 
 until they are thoroughly mixed. 
 
 Ilngnen tsim Pi'cis Liq ui-dse* 
 (“Ointment of Tar”), or Tar Ointment. 
 Take of tar and suet, each twelve troy- 
 ounces. Mix the tar with the suet pre- 
 viously melted with a moderate heat, 
 and, having strained the mixture through 
 muslin, stir it constantly while cool- 
 ing. 
 
 Uaig’iieii'tuBti Plum'bi Car-bo- 
 
 na'tas.* (“Ointment of Carbonate 
 of Lead.”) Take of carbonate of lead, 
 in very fine powder, eighty grains, oint- 
 ment of lard, a troyounce. Add the 
 carbonate of lead to the ointment pre- 
 viously softened with a gentle heat, and 
 thoroughly mix them. 
 
 IJaiguen'tama Potas'sii (po-tash'e-i) 
 I-od'i-di.* (“Ointment of Iodide of 
 Potassium.”) Take of iodide of potas- 
 sium, in fine powder, sixty grains, water, 
 a fluidrachm, lard, a troyounce. Dis- 
 solve the iodide of potassium in the 
 water, and mix the solution with the 
 lard. 
 
 Ungnen'tum Sal'phji* r is.* 
 
 (“Ointment of Sulphur.”) Take of sub- 
 limed sulphur, a troyounce, lard, two 
 troyounces. Mix them. 
 
 ITnguen'tum Sul phuric I-od'i- 
 di.* (“ Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur.”) 
 Take of iodide of sulphur, thirty grains, 
 lard, a troyounce. Rub the iodide of 
 sulphur, first reduced to a fine powder, 
 with a little of the lard, then add the 
 remainder, and thoroughly mix them. 
 
 ITnguen'tiim Ve-ra'trl-se.* (“ Oint- 
 ment of Veratria.”) Take of veratria, 
 twenty grains, lard, a troyounce. Rub 
 the veratria with a little of the lari, 
 
UNG 
 
 URA 
 
 then add the remainder, and thoroughly 
 mix them. 
 
 Ungueit'tum Zin'$i Ox'I-di.* 
 
 (“ Ointment of Oxide of Zinc.”) Take 
 of oxide of zinc, eighty grains, lard, a 
 troyounce. Mix them. 
 
 Un-guic-u-la'ta.* [From Unguic'- 
 ulus, which see.] A primary division 
 of the class Mammalia, including those 
 animals which have the digits armed 
 with claws, but free for the exercise of 
 touch upon their under-surface, as the 
 cat, bear, and elephant. 
 
 Un-guic'u-late. [Ungiiicula'tus; 
 from the same.] Having or resembling 
 claws; clawed. Applied to petals. 
 
 Un-guicu-lus.* [Diminutive of 
 un’yuis , a “ nail,” or “ claw.”] A little 
 or young nail or claw. 
 
 Un'gui-nal. [Uiigtiina'lis ; from 
 tin'guis, a “ nail,” or “claw.”] Belong- 
 ing to the nails, or to claws or talons. 
 
 Un'guis.* [Gr. ; Fr. Ongle , 6xgl.] 
 The nail of a finger or toe; also applied 
 to the talons or claws of birds, to the 
 claws of certain Crustacesc , etc. In Bot- 
 any, the narrow part of the petal of 
 a polypetalous corolla. In Surgery, a col- 
 lection of pus in the eye. 
 
 Un'g-uis ©s.* (“Nail-Bone.”) The 
 name of a small, very thin, and semi- 
 transparent bone at the inner side of the 
 orbit of the eye. 
 
 Un-gu-la'ta,* or Un'gu-lates. 
 
 [From un'gulq , a “hoof.”] A primary 
 division of the class Mammalia, includ- 
 ing those species which have the digits 
 enclosed in hoofs, the under-surface not 
 being left free for the exercise of touch, 
 as the horse and ox. 
 
 Un'gii-late. [Fn^nla'tus; from 
 the same.] Having hoofs. 
 
 Ungulates. See Ungulata. 
 
 U-m-cel'lu-Iar. [From u'nus, u one,” 
 and cel' la, or ceUlula , a “cell.”] One- 
 celled. 
 
 U-ni-flo-rig'er-us.* [From u'nus, 
 “one,” Jlos, a “flower,” and ge’ro , to 
 “carry.”] The same as Uniflorous, 
 which see. 
 
 U-ni-flo'rous. [Uniflo'rus; from 
 u'nus. “ one,” and Jlos , a “ flower.”] 
 Bearing one flower; one-flowered. 
 
 U-nl-fo'li-ate, or U-aai-fo'li-ous. 
 [Unifo'lius ; from u'nus, “one,” and 
 f o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Having one leaf; 
 jme-leaved. 
 
 U-ni-la/bi-ate. [From u'nus, “one,” 
 and la’bium, a “lip.”] One-lipped. Ap- 
 plied to flowers. 
 
 U-nl-lat'e-ral. [From u'nus , “one,” 
 
 and la'tus , lat'eris , a “side.”] One- 
 sided. 
 
 U-m-loc'ti-lar. [Unilocula'ris ; 
 
 from u'nus, “one,” and loc'ulus, a 
 “cell.”] Having only one cell; one- 
 celled. 
 
 U-m-ncr'vate. [From m'wm*, “one,” 
 and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] One-nerved. 
 Applied to leaves. 
 
 Union by First Intention. See 
 
 First Intention. 
 
 Union by Second Intention. See 
 
 Second Intention. 
 
 U-nip'a-rous. [Unip'arus ; from 
 u'nus , “one,” and pa’rio, to “bring 
 forth.”] Producing only one at a birth. 
 
 U-ni-peta-lous. [From u'nus, 
 “one,” and pet' alum, a “petal.”] Hav- 
 ing only one petal. 
 
 U-ni-se'ri-al. [From u'nus, “one,” 
 and se'ries, a “ row.”] In one horizon- 
 tal row or whorl. Applied to parts of 
 plants. 
 
 U-ni-se'rl-ate. The same as Unise- 
 rial, which see. 
 
 U-ni-sex'u-al. [From u’nus, “one,” 
 and sex' us, “sex.”] Applied to a flower 
 having stamens only or pistils only. 
 
 U'ni-valve. [From u'nus, “one,” 
 and val'va, a “ valve.”] Having only 
 one valve. Applied to pericarps, and to 
 those Mollusks the shell of which is com- 
 posed of a single piece, and is generally 
 convoluted spirally, as the Voluta. 
 
 Unnamed Bones. See Ossa Inno- 
 
 MINATA. 
 
 U'pas. A name given in Java to 
 several deadly poisons, the most remark- 
 able of which are the Bohun upas and 
 Upas tieute. See Bohun Upas. 
 
 Upas Tieu'te (te-u'td). A poison, the 
 product of the Strychnos tieute, which 
 owes its deadly power to strychnia. 
 
 U'ra-clius.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
 and Zxu, to “ have,” or “ contain ;” because 
 it was formerly supposed that in the 
 foetus it was a passage for the urine.] A 
 fibrous canal or cord which extends from 
 the bladder to. the umbilicus. 
 
 U-ra-era'si-a.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
 and nKpaaia , “ill temperature.”] A bad 
 quality of the urine. 
 
 U -ra-cra ' t i-a.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
 and as pari a, “debility.”] The same as 
 Enuresis, which see. 
 
 U-rae'mi-a.* [From ure’a, a con- 
 stituent of urine, and aipa, “blood.”] 
 The presence of urea, or urine, in the 
 blood. 
 
 U-ra-Biis-co-plas'ti-ce.* [From u ra- 
 nis' cus, the “palate,” and nXdocrio, to 
 583 
 
URA 
 
 URG 
 
 “form.”] The (artificial) formation of 
 a palate. 
 
 U-ra-nis-cor-rSia'phi-a. :?f [From 
 
 uranis'cus, the “ palate,” and pct'bti, a 
 “seam.”] Suture of the palate. 
 
 U'ra-nlte. A beautiful crystalline 
 mineral composed chiefly of the phos- 
 phate of uranium, combined with the 
 phosphate of lime or copper. 
 
 HJ-ra'aii-um.* [From the planet 
 U'ranus, discovered about the same time 
 with the metal.] A gray, brittle metal 
 found in uranite. Its specific gravity is 
 about 9. 
 
 IT - ra-nog/ rsv-pliy, or 
 ra-plhy* [Uraaiogra'pBiia; from 
 ovpcuog, “ heaven/’ and ypi0a>, to “ write.”] 
 A description of the heavens and hea- 
 venly bodies. 
 
 U-ra-noI'o-^y. [Uranolo'gia; from 
 ovpardg, “heaven,” and \oyog, a “dis- 
 course.”] A treatise on the heavens, or 
 the science of the heavenly bodies. 
 
 XJ-rar'in. [Urari'na.] An organic 
 alkali found in urari , a poison with which 
 the savages of America empoison the iron 
 points of their arrows. See Curare. 
 
 XJ'rate. [U'ras, aW] A combina- 
 tion of uric or lithic acid with a bas<\ 
 
 XJr'ce-i-forin. [Ureeifor'mis; from 
 ur' ceiis, a “pitcher.”] Formed like a 
 pitcher. 
 
 Ur-ce-o-la'rss.* The same as Urceo- 
 late, which see. 
 
 TUr'ce-o-late. [Urceola'tws; from 
 urce'olus, a “little pitcher.”] Pitcher- 
 shaped, or urn-shaped, i.e. hollow and 
 contracted at the mouth. Applied to a 
 form of monopetalous corolla, as that of 
 the Heath. 
 
 XJr-ce-o-lif'er-ous. [Urcealif'e- 
 rois; from urce'olus, a “little pitcher,” 
 and fe'ro , to “bear.”] Having calyces 
 like little goblets. 
 
 XJ-re'a.'* [From uri'na, “urine.”] A 
 principal constituent of the urine. It is 
 a hydrated cyanate of ammonia, com- 
 posed of two equivalents each of oxygen, 
 nitrogen, and carbon, united to four of 
 hydrogen. It is a white, transparent, 
 crystallizable solid. 
 
 XJ-re'do, H’iuis.* [From it Vo, to 
 “burn.”] An itching or burning sensa- 
 tion of the skin which accompanies many 
 diseases. Also applied to urticaria, or 
 nettle-rash. 
 
 U-re'm-um.* Synonymous with 
 Urea, which see. 
 
 U-re'sis.* [From ovpiio, to “void 
 urine.”] Micturition, or the act of pass- 
 ing urine. 
 
 584 
 
 -uret. [-ttre'tum.] A terminal de- 
 noting combination of simple inflam- 
 mable bodies with each other, or with 
 metals. 
 
 U-re'ter, e'ris.% [From ovpeoj, to “pass 
 urine.”] The membranous tube through 
 which the urine is conveyed from the 
 kidney to the urinary bladder. 
 
 l -re-te-ral [From ure'ter, 
 
 and iiXyog , “pain.”] Pa n in the ureter. 
 
 U-re-te-ri'tis, i dis* [From ure'ter.] 
 Inflammation of the ureter. 
 
 U-re'thra.* [From ovpi a>, to “ pass 
 urine.”] The membranous canal com- 
 municating between the neck of the 
 bladder and the external surface, and 
 passing in the male through the entire 
 length of the penis. The female urethra 
 does not exceed two inches in length, 
 and the passage is considerably larger 
 than that of the male. 
 
 U-re'thral. [Xlretlira'lis.] Belong- 
 ing to the urethra. 
 
 XT-re-thral'jS^-a.-- [From ure'thra , 
 and a\yog, “pain.”] Pain in the urethra: 
 urethralgy. 
 
 U-a*e-thrl'tis, idis.% [From ure'- 
 thra.~\ Inflammation in the urethra. 
 
 Urettiri'tis Ve-ne're-a.* (“Vene- 
 real Inflammation of the Urethra.”) A 
 term for gonorrhoea. 
 
 U-retSi»r©-plas'tic. [XTretliro- 
 plas'tieus.] Belonging to urethro- 
 plasty. 
 
 U-retBi-ro-plas'ty. [From ure'thra, 
 and TrXicmo, to “form.”] An operation 
 by which a new urethra is said to have 
 been formed by Ricord in the male: 
 applicable to the repair of any lesion of 
 the urethra by supplying the deficiency 
 from the healthy parts. 
 
 P-ret 5 b - ror- rlia' [From ure'- 
 thra, and phywpi, to “burst forth.”] Sud- 
 den discharge (of blood) from the ure- 
 thra. 
 
 U-retli-ror-rlfooe'a.* [From ure'thra, 
 and pioj, to “flow.”] A flow, as of mucus, 
 pus, semen, etc., from the urethra. 
 
 U-re-tSirot'o-my. [ITretBirot©'- 
 
 mia; from ure'thra, and Tcpyw, to “cut.”] 
 The division, by a cutting instrument, 
 of urethral stricture. 
 
 TJ-ret'I-ca.* [From ovpoy, “urine.”] 
 Medicines which promote a*discharge of 
 urine. 
 
 U-ret'I-ciis.** [From the same.] 
 
 Diuretic. 
 
 IT r-g-ia 'e-a la.* The systematic 
 name, according to the British Pharma- 
 copoeia, of the plant which produces the 
 squill. 
 

 URI 
 
 U'ric. [U'rictis; from ovpo’, “ urine.”] 
 Belonging to the urine. Applied to an 
 acid, otherwise called Lithic acid, ob- 
 tained from urine. See Calculi, Uri- 
 nary. 
 
 U-rl-dro'sis.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
 and idpig, “sweat.”] Urinous sweat. 
 
 Urinse, Ardor. See Ardor Uri- 
 NA3. 
 
 U'rX-nal. [From uri'na, “ urine.”] 
 A vessel to receive urine. 
 
 U'rl-na-ry. [Urina'rius; from the 
 same.] Relating to the urine. 
 
 U'rinary Blad'der. [Lat. Vesi'ca 
 Uriiaa'ria; Fr. Vessie, vjPs&\] A mem- 
 branous bag immediately behind the 
 symphysis pubis, of a flattened, triangu- 
 lar form when contracted, of an oval 
 figure when distended, composed of four 
 coats, — the peritoneal, muscular, cellular, 
 and mucous; the serous being but par- 
 tial. 
 
 Uraaary UaBculi. See Calculi, 
 Urinary. 
 
 U'ri-iBa/tion. [Urinatio, o'nis; 
 from uri'na, “urine.”] The act of pass- 
 ing urine. 
 
 U'rine. [Lat. Uri'nia; Gr. orpo^.] 
 The saline secretion of the kidneys 
 which flows from them through the ure- 
 ters into the urinary bladder. 
 
 Urine, Biffiewlt Discharge of. 
 
 See Dysuria. 
 
 U'riaae, Ibi-coib ' ti-naeroee of. In- 
 ability to retain the urine. See Enu- 
 resis. 
 
 U'rine, Re-tem'tion of. Inability 
 to pass urine. See Ischuria. 
 
 Urine, Suppression of. See Is- 
 churia. 
 
 U-ri-nif'er-oms. [Uriinif'erus; 
 
 from uri'na, “urine,” and fe'ro, to 
 “ bear.”’] Bearing, or conveying, urine. 
 
 U-ri-aaol'o-gy. The same as Urol- 
 ogy, which see. 
 
 U'ri-nons, or U-ri-mose'. [Urin©'- 
 saas; from uri'na, “urine.”] Relating 
 to urine, or like urine. 
 
 Ur-11 ig'er-o us. [Urni^'erus; from 
 ur'na, an “urn,” and ge'ro , to “bear.”] 
 Bearing capsules like urns. 
 
 U'ro-^ele.* [From ovpov, “urine,” and 
 *07X7, a “ tumor.”] Urinous cedema of the 
 scrotum. 
 
 U-roc h 'e-ras.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
 and yepa?, “sand.”] The sand, or sedi- 
 ment, of the urine. 
 
 U-ro-^ys'tis, idis* [From ovpov, 
 " urine,” and Kvang, a “bag.”] The 
 urinary bladder. 
 
 U-ro-^ys-ti'tis, id is,* [From urocys'- 
 50 
 
 URO 
 
 tn*.] Inflammation of the urinary blad- 
 der. 
 
 U-ro-dl-al-y-sis.* [From ovpov. 
 “urine,” and < 3 idA oig, a “ dissolution,” or 
 “cessation.”] A cessation of the secre- 
 tion of urine. 
 
 U-ro-do'-elii-iim.* [From ovpov, 
 “urine,” and dsxopxai, to “receive.”] The 
 same as Urinal, which see. 
 
 U-ro-dyn'i-a.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
 and odvvn, “ pain.”] Pain during the 
 passing of urine. 
 
 U-roe-de'ina, a tis.* [From ovpov, 
 “urine,” and otiripa, a “swelling.”] 
 Urinous swelling. 
 
 U-ro-er-y tli 'rin. [U roery t li ri na ; 
 
 from ovpov, “ urine,” and ipvdpog, “red.”] 
 A dark-red precipitate deposited by the 
 urine. 
 
 U-ro-gen'i-fal. [Urogenitalis.] 
 
 Pertaining to the urinary and genital 
 apparatus. 
 
 U-ro-liy al. [Urohya'lis: from ovpa, 
 a “tail,” and hyoi'des, “hyoid.”] Ap- 
 plied by Professor Owen to a long, slender, 
 and pointed bone, articulated with the 
 posterior end of the basihyal. 
 
 U-ro-litla'ic. [Urolith'ieus; from 
 urol'ithuH.'] Belcnging to urinary calcu- 
 lus. Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
 
 ll-rol'i-t litis.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
 and \i0o;, a “ stone.”] A urinary calculus : 
 a u'rolith. 
 
 U-ro-log'i-cal. [Urolog'icus.] Be- 
 longing to urology. 
 
 U-rol'o-g-y. [Urolo'gia: from ovpov, 
 the “urine,” and Aoyo?, a “discourse.”] 
 The science of the urine, or a considera- 
 tion of its secretion, nature, etc. 
 
 U-ro-man-ti'a.* [From ovpov, 
 
 “urine,” and pavreia, “divination.”] 
 Prognostication from inspection of the 
 urine. See Uroscopia. 
 
 U-ro-pla'ni-a.* [From ovpov , “urine,” 
 and Tr\ivq, “wandering.”] Literally, “a 
 wandering of the urine.” A secretion of 
 urine in other parts than the proper 
 urinary organs. 
 
 U-ro-po-e'sis.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
 and nodoj, to “make.”] Secretion of the 
 urine. 
 
 U-rop-sam'mtis.* [From ovpov, 
 
 “urine,” and i/'djUjuo?, “sand.”] Sand, or 
 sediment, of the urine. See Urocheras. 
 
 U-ror-rtia'g’i-a.* [From ov/ov, 
 
 “urine,” and prjywpu, to “burst forth.”] 
 An excessive flow of urine; diabetes. 
 
 U-ror-rliee'a.* [From ovpov , “urine,” 
 and pi(x), to “flow.”] An involuntary dis- 
 charge of urine; enuresis. Also applied 
 to diabetes. 
 
 585 
 
URO 
 
 UTR 
 
 U-ror-rhor-rhce'a.* [From ovpov, 
 “ urine,” and orrhorrhce'a, a “flow of 
 serum/'] Excretion of serum (or albu- 
 men) with the urine, or albuminous urine, 
 constituting the Morbus Brightii. 
 
 U-ros'che-o-£ele.* [From ovpov, 
 “ urine," and os'cheocele, a “ tumor of the 
 scrotum."] The same as Urocele, 
 which see. 
 
 U-ro-sco'pI-a.* [From ovpov, the 
 “ urine," and ommj, to “ examine."] In- 
 spection of the urine, as a means of 
 diagnosis. 
 
 U-ro'ses.~ [From ovpov, “ urine."] 
 Diseases of the urinary apparatus. 
 
 U-ros'te-a-lith. [Urosteal'ithus , 
 
 from ovpov, “ urine," oreap , “fat," and XiQog, 
 a “ stone."] A fatty constituent of 
 urinary calculi. 
 
 U'rous. [Uro'sus.] Belonging to 
 the urine. Applied to an oxide, or sub- 
 stance forming a rare ingredient in 
 vesical calculi. 
 
 Urticacese,* ur-te-ka'she-e. A natu- 
 ral order of exogenous plants, widely 
 dispersed over the world, in hot and cold 
 climates. Among them is the Urti'ca 
 (Nettle). Excessive causticity in their 
 juice is their chief characteristic. This 
 order once included hemp, the hop-vine, 
 the fig, mulberry, bread-fruit, etc., which 
 are now arranged under new orders, 
 Cannabinaeem, Moracese , and Artocarpa- 
 csse. 
 
 Ur-ti'ca IM-oi'ca* or His'pi-da.* 
 
 (Fr. Ortie, OR't&'.) The systematic name 
 of the nettle, a plant of the Linnaean 
 class Moncecia , natural order Urticacese. 
 
 Ur-ti-ca'ri-a.* [From Urti'ca , a 
 “ nettle."] The nettle-rash. An ex- 
 anthematous fever characterized by an 
 eruption like the elevations produced on 
 the skin by the sting of a nettle. A genus 
 of the order Exanthemata, class Pyrexise, 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. See Uredo. 
 
 Ur-ti-ca'tion. [Urtica'tio, o 'nis; 
 from the same.] The whipping of a part, 
 as a paralytic limb, with nettles, with the 
 view of restoring sensation. 
 
 Us 'ne- a.* The Li'chen saxat' ilis. A 
 kind of moss or lichen, particularly that 
 adhering to the human skull when ex- 
 posed to the air in damp places. See 
 next article. 
 
 Us'nea Cra'ni-i Hu-ma'ni.* (“Us- 
 nea of the Human Skull.") A plant 
 formerly believed to possess extraordi- 
 nary anti-epileptic and anti-hsemorrhagic 
 virtues. 
 
 Usquebaugh, us-kwe-baw'. The 
 Irish name for whiskey. 
 
 586 
 
 Us'tion. [Us'tio, o 'nis; from u'ro, 
 us' turn, to “burn."] A burning. For- 
 merly used for Incineration; also, for 
 Combustion. In Surgery, employed for 
 Cauterization. 
 
 Us'tus.* [From the same.] Burnt. 
 Thj same as calcined, or dried by fire. 
 
 U'te-ri,* the genitive of u'terus, sig- 
 nifying “of the womb:" e.g. Cer'vix 
 U'teri, the “ neck [or narrow part] of the 
 womb;" Retrooer' sio U'teri , the “retro- 
 version of the womb," etc. 
 
 U'ter-ine. [Uteri'nus.] Belong- 
 ing to the uterus. 
 
 Uterine Gestation. See Utero- 
 GeSTATION. 
 
 Uterine Madness. See Furor Ute- 
 rinus, and Nymphomania. 
 
 U-te-ri'tis,. i dis* [From u'terus .] 
 Inflammation of the womb; also called 
 Metritis and Hysteritis. 
 
 U'te-ro-^res-ta'tion. The period of 
 pregnancy commencing with conception 
 and terminating with delivery. 
 
 U-te-rot o-niy. [Uteroto'inia; from 
 u'terus, and rep vw, to “cut."] The cut- 
 ting into the uterus, as when the lips 
 have become united by adhesive inflam- 
 mation. See Hysterotomy. 
 
 U'te-rus,* genitive U'te-ri, accusa- 
 tive U'ter-um, ablative U'ter-o. [From 
 a' ter, a “bottle of skin or leather."] (Gr. 
 varcpa and pr/rpa; Fr. Matrice, m&'tR&ss' 
 [from the Latin Ma'trix], or Sein, saN G '.) 
 The womb; a hollow muscular organ 
 designed for the lodgment and nourish- 
 ment of the foetus from the moment of 
 conception until birth. In its ordinary 
 condition, it is a compact fleshy body, 
 about three inches in length, two inches 
 in its greatest breadth, shaped somewhat 
 like a flattened pear, the narrower por- 
 tion being below. The upper or broader 
 part is termed the fundus, the contracted 
 portion is called the cervix or neck, and 
 the external orifice, communicating with 
 the vagina, the os tincse or os uteri. At 
 the superior angles, it sends off the Fal- 
 lopian tubes, which, when conception 
 takes place, receive the ovule or ovules 
 from the ovary and convey them to the 
 uterus. 
 
 U'terus, In-ver'sion of the. [In- 
 
 ver'sio U'teri.] The state of the 
 womb being turned inside out, caused 
 by violently drawing away the placenta 
 before it is detached by the natural pro- 
 cess of labor. 
 
 Uterus, Retroversion of. See 
 Retroversio Uteri. 
 
 U'trl-cle. [Utric'ulus, or Uter'« 
 
UTR 
 
 VAG 
 
 cuius; diminutive of u'ter, a “bottle.”] 
 A minute cell or vesicle; also, a small, 
 bladdery fruit. 
 
 U-tric'u-lar. [Utricula'ris.] Be- 
 longing to, or like, a utricle; bladder- 
 like. 
 
 U-tric'u-late. [Utricula'tus; from 
 utric'ulus , a “utricle.”] Having utri- 
 cles. 
 
 U-trac'u-li-form. [Utiiculifor'- 
 mis; from utric'ulm, a “utricle.”] Hav- 
 ing the form of a utricle; shaped like a 
 little bottle. 
 
 U-tric'u-lose, or U-tric'u-lous. 
 [Utriculo'sus; from utric'ulus , a “utri- 
 cle.”] Having or bearing utricles. Ap- 
 plied to plants. 
 
 U'tri-form. [Utriforinis; from 
 u'ter, a “ bladder” or “ bottle.”] Having 
 the form of a bottle. 
 
 r-trig'er-ous. [Utrig'erus; from 
 u’ter , a “bladder” or “bottle,” and ge'ro, 
 to “bear.”] Bearing objects like bot- 
 tles. 
 
 U'va.* A “grape.” The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name (Lond. Ph.) for the dried 
 fruit of the Vitis vinifera ; the raisin. 
 
 U'va Pas'sa* (“Dried Grape”), or 
 tJ'vse Pas'sae* (“Dried Grapes”). The 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph. and Ed. 
 Ph.) for the raisin. See Uva. 
 
 U'va Ur'si.* The Pharmacopoeial 
 name for the leaves of Arctostaphylos 
 Uva Ursi. It is astringent and tonic, 
 and has been extolled as an antilithic. 
 
 U've-a,* or Tu'ni-ca U'vea.* 
 (“Grape-like Tunic.”) [From u'va, a 
 “ grape.”] The posterior surface of the 
 iris of the eye, supposed to resemble the 
 skin of a grape. 
 
 U-ve-i'tis, idifi.% [From u'vea.~\ In- 
 flammation of the uvea. 
 
 U-vif'er-ous. [Uvif'erus; from 
 u'va, a “grape,” or “raisin,” and fe'ro, 
 to “bea*\”] Bearing fruits like the 
 grape. 
 
 U'vi-form. [Uvifor'mis; from u'va, 
 a “grape.”] Shaped like a grape. 
 
 U'vu-la.* [Diminutive of u'va, a 
 “grape.”] The small fleshy body hang- 
 ing from the velum pendulum palati, 
 above the root of the tongue. It is 
 sometimes of a preternatural length, in- 
 terfering with the functions of the voice, 
 and producing a tendency to cough. In 
 these cases amputation may become 
 necessary. 
 
 U'vula Ve-si'$ae.* (“Uvula of the 
 Bladder.”) The small eminence form- 
 ing the apex of the trigone. 
 
 U'vu-lar. [Uvtila'ris.] Belonging 
 to the uvula. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Vac-ci'na.* [Frpm vac'ca, a “cow.”] 
 Cow-pox; also called Vari'ola vacci’na. 
 A disease originating in the cow, with 
 which, if the human body be inoculated, 
 it is preserved from the contagion of 
 small-pox. 
 
 Vac-ci-na'tion. [Vaccma'tio, 
 
 ©' ms ; from vac'ca, a “cow.”] The 
 minor operation of inserting matter for 
 the production of vaccina, or cow-pox. 
 Vaccinia. See Vaccina. 
 Vacciniacese,* vak-sin-e-a'she-e. 
 
 A natural order of exogenous plants 
 (shrubs or trees), which abound in the 
 temperate parts of the world. It in- 
 cludes the Vaccin'inm (Whortleberry), 
 and Ojcycoc' cus, or Vaccinium macrocar - 
 pan (Cranberry). 
 
 Vac-cin'i-um Mae-ro-car'pon.* 
 
 The systematic name of the common 
 American Cranberry, a plant of the Lin- 
 tia^an class Octandria, natural order. 
 Vacciniacese. 
 
 Va^il-lant. [Tacil'lans, an 'tie/ 
 from vacil'lo, to “move to and fro,” to 
 
 “waver.”] Wavering. In Botany, the 
 same as Versatile, which see. 
 
 Vac'n-um.* [From vac'uus, “void,” 
 or “ empty.”] That is, vac'uum spa'tium , 
 an “ empty space.” In Physics, a portion 
 of space void of matter. The most per- 
 fect vacuum that can be produced artifi- 
 cially is the Torricellian, which see. 
 
 Va-gi'na,* gen. Va-gi'nae. (A 
 “sheath,” or “case.”) (Fr. Vagin, v&'- 
 zhaN G \) The canal extending from the 
 vulva to the uterus. The term is also 
 applied to other parts; e.g. the fascia 
 encasing or covering a limb, etc. 
 
 Vagiiia Cor'dis.* (“ Case of the 
 Heart.”) The same as Pericardium, 
 which see. 
 
 Vag'i-nal. [Vagina'lis; from va- 
 gi'na.] Belonging to the vagina. In 
 Botany, relating to a sheath. 
 
 Vaginal Coat of the Testicle. See 
 Tunica Vaginalis. 
 
 Vag'i-iiant. [Vaga'nans; from 
 vagi' no, vagina' turn, to “sheathe.”] Em 
 casing; sheathing. 
 
 587 
 
VAG 
 
 YAP 
 
 Va£'i-nate. [Vagina'lus; from the 
 same.] Cased or sheathed. 
 
 Va£-i-iier'vi-us.* [From va'gus, 
 “ wandering,” and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] 
 Having leaves the nervures of which run 
 in all directions. 
 
 Tag*I-iiit 'er-ous. [Vagimif'erws ; 
 
 from vagi' no, a “ sheath,” and fe'ro , to 
 “ bear.”] Bearing one or more sheaths. 
 
 Va-gi-ni'tis, i dis.* [From vagi' na.] 
 Inflammation of the vagina. 
 
 Va-gfi'tus.* [From va'gio, vagi' turn, 
 to “cry as an infant.”] (Fr. Vagisse- 
 mentf v&'zh&ss'moN®'.) The crying of 
 infants. 
 
 Yagi'tas IT-ter-i'nus.* (“Uterine 
 Crying.”) The crying of the child heard, 
 or supposed to have been heard, while 
 yet in the passages. 
 
 Vag’ue. [From va'gus, “ wandering.”] 
 In Botany, having no definite order or 
 direction. 
 
 Va'gus.* [From va’go , to “wander.”] 
 Wandering. Applied to the pneumo- 
 gastric nerve, or Nervus vagus, otherwise 
 called Par vagum, or “wandering pair.” 
 See Pneumogastric Nerves. 
 
 Va-le-ri-a'na.* [From Valerius, 
 who first described it.] A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Triandria , natural 
 order Valerianae ere. Also, the Pharma- 
 copoeial name for the root of Valeriana 
 officinalis, which is used as a nervous 
 stimulant or antispasmodic. 
 
 Valeriu'na ©f-fi^-i-iia'lis.* (“Of- 
 ficinal Valerian.”) The wild valerian 
 plant. 
 
 Valeria'naSyl-ves'tris.* The same 
 as Valeriana Officinalts. 
 
 Valerianaceae,* va-le-re-a-na'she-e. 
 A natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
 plants, abundant in Europe, Northern 
 India, and South America. It includes 
 the Valeria' na, the root of which is tonic 
 and antispasmodic. 
 
 Va-le'ri-a-uate. [Valeria'nas, 
 
 a'ti’s.J A combination of valerianic acid 
 with a base. 
 
 V a-le-ri-an ' ic. [Valerian'icus ; 
 
 from Valeria' na.\ Belonging to valerian. 
 Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
 
 Val-e-tu-di-na'ri-an, or Val-e-tu'- 
 di-na-ry. [From valctu'do, “state or 
 condition of body (or health),” whether 
 good or bad.] A person who is in deli- 
 cate or infirm health, or subject to fre- 
 quent illness. 
 
 Vsil'gus.* Having legs bent out- 
 ward; crooked: awry. 
 
 Val ley. [Val'U».j The name of 
 a depression of the cerebellum, in which 
 588 
 
 is lodged the commencement of the spinal 
 marrow. 
 
 Val-sal'va, Si'nus-es of. Three 
 prominences formed by dilatation of the 
 Avails of the aorta in the places which 
 correspond to the sigmoid valves. 
 
 Valva. See Valve. 
 
 Val-va'caous. [Valva'ceus.] Ap- 
 plied to indehiscent fruits formed of 
 valves with distinct sutures. 
 
 Val'vae,* the plural of VaVva. See 
 Valve. 
 
 Val'var. [Valva'ris; from val'va, 
 a “valve.”] Belonging to a valve. 
 
 Val'vate, or Val'vat-ed. [Valva'- 
 tus; from the same.] Having valves; 
 valved. 
 
 Valve. [Val'va, plural Val'va?; from 
 voVvo, to “roll,” to “fold.”] Originally, 
 valvse were folding doors. Applied to a 
 fold or elongation of the lining mem- 
 brane of canals, preventing the reflux of 
 their contents. In Botany, one of the 
 pieces into which a pod or capsule sepa- 
 rates in dehiscence. 
 
 Valved. [Valva'tus; from val'va, 
 a “valve.”] Opening by valves. 
 
 Val'va- furou. [ValvIfor'iEiis; from 
 val'va, a “valve.”] Formed like a valve. 
 
 Val'vu-la,* plural Val'vu-lse. [Di- 
 minutive of val'va, a “valve.”] A little 
 valve: a val'vule. 
 
 Val'vu-lse,* gen. Val-vu-la/rum, 
 
 the plural of Valvula. 
 
 Val'vulse Cou-ui-veu'tes.* The 
 
 semilunar folds formed by the mucous 
 lining of the duodenum, jejunum, and 
 ileum. 
 
 Valvulse Semilunares. See Semi- 
 lunar Valves. 
 
 Va-na'di-um.* [From Vanadis, a 
 Scandinavian deity.] A white, brittle 
 metal, very difficult of reduction, and 
 not oxidized by air or water. It is solu- 
 ble in nitric acid and aqua regia, with 
 which it yields solutions of a fine dark- 
 blue color. It was first found in Sweden. 
 
 Vane-like. See Versatile. 
 
 Va-nil'Ia.* The name applied to the 
 prepared unripe capsules of the Van i l' la 
 aromat'ica. They have been placed on 
 the primary list of the Materia Medica 
 of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1800. 
 Vanilla is a grateful aromatic, emplo}'ed 
 in confectionery, etc. It has been re- 
 commended, in the form of infusion, as 
 a remedy in hysteria, and in certain low 
 fevers. 
 
 Va por,* gen. Va-jpo'ris. A Latin 
 
 word signifying “steam,” or “exhala- 
 tion.” Applied to any e’astic fluid into 
 
YAP 
 
 VAS 
 
 which a liquid or solid is converted by- 
 heat. Yapors differ from gases in this 
 respect, that they are not permanently 
 clastic, but resume the liquid or solid 
 form when cooled down to ordinary tem- 
 peratures. 
 
 Va'por l>ouclhe (doosh). A kind of 
 vapor-bath; properly, a column of vapor 
 directed to a particular part. 
 
 Vap-o-ra'ri-Hm. ;:: [From vapo'ro, 
 
 to “send out vapor.”] A vapor-bath. 
 
 Vap-o-d-zation. [Vaporiza'tio, 
 © 'nis; from the same.] The rapid con- 
 version of a fluid into vapor by heat. 
 
 Va pors, or Va'pours. A name for 
 hypochondriasis, spleen, or depression of 
 spirits. 
 
 Var-i-cel'la.* [Diminutive of vari'- 
 ola , “small-pox.”] Chicken-pox, a dis- 
 ease characterized by an eruption of 
 smooth, transparent, lentil-shaped, or 
 irregular circular vesicles. A genus of 
 the order Exanthemata, class Pyrexia: , of 
 Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Var'I-^i-form. [Varicifor'onis ; 
 
 from va’rix, a “swollen vein.”] Resem- 
 bling a varix. 
 
 Var'i-co-^elle.* [From va'rix, and 
 a “tumor.”] A swelling of the 
 veins of the scrotum, or of the sper- 
 matic cord. Also, any tumor originating 
 in a varicose vein. 
 
 Var-l-cose'. [Varico'sns; from 
 va'rix.'] Applied to veins in a state of 
 permanent dilatation, with accumulation 
 of dark-colored blood, the circulation 
 of which is materially retarded in the 
 affected vessel, which is irregular, knot- 
 ted, and winding in a variety of ways. 
 
 Varicose Aneurism. See Aneu- 
 rismal Varix. 
 
 Va-ri'e-ty- [Vari'etas, a 'tin; from 
 va' rius, “changeable,” “variegated.”] 
 In Natural History, this term is applied 
 to individuals of the same species which, 
 from the operation of different causes, as 
 climate, food, or cultivation, present de- 
 viations from the specific type in size, 
 color, form, etc., but have the capacity 
 of reverting to the original typical form 
 in successive generations on the cessa- 
 tion of the influences under which the 
 variety originated. 
 
 Va-rX-i-fo'lI-iis.* [From v a' rius, 
 “diverse,” and fo' Hum, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
 ing leaves not all of the same form. 
 
 Va-ri'o-la.* [From va'rius , “varie- 
 gated,” “spotted.”] (Fr. Variole. vA*- 
 re'ol', or Petite Verole, peh-tet' vA'rol'.) 
 Small-pox. A very contagious disease 
 sharacterized by synocJui and an eruption 
 50 * 
 
 of pustules on the third day, which 
 suppurate about the eighth, and after- 
 wards, drying, fall off in crusts. A genus 
 of the order Exanthemata, class Pyrexise, 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Va-ri'o-lar. [Variola'ris; from 
 vari'ola, “small-pox.”] Pertaining to 
 variola. 
 
 Va-ri'o-latc. [Variola'tus; from 
 the same.] Having small eminences like 
 the pustules of small-pox. 
 
 Variole. See Variola. 
 
 Va/ri-o-l©i«l. [Varioloi'des; from 
 vari'ola , and eiiog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling variola, or small-pox. Varioloid 
 (Lat. variolois), used as a noun, is a 
 common term for small-pox modified by 
 previous vaccination or inoculation. 
 
 Va-ri-o-llo'is, idis* [Diminutive of 
 vari'ola.] Small-pox modified by pre- 
 vious vaccination. See Varioloid. 
 
 Va-ri'o-lous. [Variolo'tles; from 
 vari'ola, “ small-pox.”] Relating to 
 small-pox; of the nature of small pox. 
 
 Va'rix, i ci«.* [Fr<m va'rns, 
 
 “crooked.”] A dilated vein, generally 
 becoming knotted and winding in its 
 course. A genus of the order Turn ores, 
 class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
 
 Varolii Pons. See Pons Varolii. 
 
 Va rus.* A spot or pimple on the 
 face. See Acne. 
 
 Va'rns.* Crooked; ill shaped. Ap- 
 plied to a variety of the deformity called 
 Taf’ipes, or club-foot. 
 
 Va rus Pimc-ta'tus.* Applied to 
 minute pimples common in the skin of 
 the face, particularly of young persons, 
 and called maggot-pimples, because a 
 worm-like sebaceous substance may be 
 pressed out of them. 
 
 Vas,* gen. Va'sis, plural Va'sa. A 
 Latin word signifying any kind of ves- 
 sel. Applied in Anatomy to membra- 
 nous canals or tubes through which the 
 fluids of the body are conveyed, as arte- 
 ries, veins, etc. 
 
 Vas I>ef 'e-rens.* A continuation 
 of the epididymis, forming the duct which 
 conveys the semen secreted in the tes- 
 ticle, into the ejaculatory duct. 
 
 Va'sa,* gen. Va-so'rum, the plural 
 of Vas, which see. 
 
 Va'sa Bre'vi-a.* (“ Short Vessels.”) 
 The small branches of the splenic artery 
 which anastomose with others of the 
 gastric artery, and are distributed on the 
 large arch of the stomach. 
 
 Va'sa €ap-re-©“la'ri-a.* (“ Tendril- 
 like Vessels.”) The spermatic vessels: 
 so named from their tortuous course. 
 
 589 
 
VAS 
 
 VEG 
 
 Va'sa Eiferen'lia^ (ef-fer-en'she-a). 
 (“ Efferent Vessels.”) Applied generally 
 to vessels that go out from a gland, but 
 specially to five or six tortuous vessels 
 which ascend obliquely backwards from 
 the testis. See next article. 
 
 Va'sa Inferen'tia* (in-fe-ren'she-a). 
 [From in, “into,” and fe'ro, to “carry.”] 
 Applied to vessels which enter a gland, 
 as distinguished from vasa efferent! a, or 
 the vessels which carry out the substance 
 secreted by the gland. 
 
 Va'sa Se-ro'sa.* (“Serous Vessels.”) 
 A name formerly applied to (supposed) 
 vessels so minute as not to admit the red 
 blood-globules, and therefore contain- 
 ing serum only. They were considered 
 to be a complement to the capillaries and 
 to c mvey nutriment to the ultimate 
 tissues. 
 
 Va'sa Va-so'rum.* (“Vessels of the 
 Vessels.”) The very minute arteries and 
 veins by which the substance of larger 
 vessels is supposed to be supplied with 
 nourishment. 
 
 Va'sa Vor-ti-co'sa.* (“Vorticose 
 Vessels.”) Applied to the fine vascular 
 ramifications principally connected with 
 the veins on the external surface of the 
 choroid coat of the eye. 
 
 Vas'eu-lar. [Vascula'ris; from 
 vas'cnlum , a “little vessel.”] Having, 
 or relating to, vessels : full of vessels. 
 
 Vas cular Plants. [Vascula'res.] 
 A term applied to all plants which have 
 vascular and woody tissues in their com- 
 position (i.e. all exogenous and endogen- 
 ous plants). They compose one of the 
 two grand divisions in the system of De 
 Candolle. 
 
 Vas cular Sys tem. [Syste'ma 
 Vaso'rum.] That part of the animal 
 economy which relates to the vessels. 
 Harvey took the heart as the centre, and 
 described the two circulations as the 
 pulmonic through the lungs, and the 
 systemic through the system. 
 
 Vascular System of Plants. 
 That portion of the tissue of plants 
 which is destined for the conveyance of 
 sap or air. 
 
 Vas'cular Tis'sue. [Trachen'- 
 cbyina.] In Botany, a modification of 
 cellular tissue, consisting of cells trans- 
 formed into vessels or tubes called dotted 
 ducts, spiral ducts, etc. In older stems 
 they are filled with air, except when the 
 whole tissue is gorged with sap. 
 
 Vas-cu-lar'I-ly. [Vascular 'itas, 
 
 a 'tit; from vas'cultim , a “little vessel. ”J 
 The state or property of being vascular. 
 590 
 
 Vas-cu-lo'sus.* [From ras'euhun, a 
 “little vessel.”] Full of vessels ; vas- 
 cular. 
 
 Vas'cu-luni.* [Diminutive of vas, 
 a “vessel.”] A little vessel. See Ascid- 
 
 IUM. 
 
 Vas'i form Tis'sue. The same as 
 Vascular Tissue, which see. 
 
 Vas-ta'tor, o'r is* [From vas'to , 
 rast.a'tum, to “lay waste,” to “destroy.”] 
 Destroying or destructive. Applied to 
 certain insects. See Aphis. 
 
 Vas'tus.* Literally, “large,” or 
 “vast.” A term applied to two portions 
 of the Triceps Extensor Cruris, which 
 see. 
 
 Va'snm,* plural Va'sa. A Latin 
 word signifying a “vessel.” 
 
 Vaterian Bodies. See Pacini, Cor- 
 puscles of. 
 
 Vaulted. See Forniciform. 
 
 Yau queli ne. vok’ien'. A name for 
 Strychnia, which see. 
 
 Vec'tis.* [From ve'ho, vec'tum , to 
 “carry,” or to “bear.”] The lever. In 
 Obstetrics, an instrument employed in 
 certain cases of preternatural labor. 
 
 Vector. See Radius Vector. 
 
 Ve£-e-ta-bil 'I-a.* ( “ V egetables,” 
 or “Plants.”) A name sometimes ap- 
 plied to the whole vegetable kingdom. 
 
 Ve&'e-ta-ble. [Vegetab'iliss from 
 re' geo, to “ grow,” to “ be strong.”] An 
 organized body possessing organs of cir- 
 culation and respiration, but destitute of 
 sensation and of the power of locomo- 
 tion; a plant. 
 
 Vegetable Al-bu'men. A proxi- 
 mate principle found in certain parts of 
 plants, closely resembling animal albu- 
 men. The term albumen (so called be- 
 cause, like the white of an egg, it encloses 
 the embryo) is also applied to the peri- 
 sperm, or substance which surrounds the 
 embryo, in Indian corn and most other 
 kinds of grain. It is designed to supply 
 nourishment to the young plant. 
 
 Vegetable A-nat'o-my. or Phy. 
 tot'o-my. The study of the minute 
 structure of vegetables, as revealed by 
 the microscope. 
 
 Vegetable E-con 'o-my. [GEco- 
 no'inia Vegetab'ilis.] The orderly 
 arrangement of the parts of living plants 
 or vegetables. 
 
 Vegetable PliyS-i-ol'o-gry. The 
 
 department of Botany which treats of 
 the vital actions or functions of plants. 
 The study of the apparatus of plants, in 
 action, endowed with life, and fulfilling 
 the purpose for which it was intended. 
 
VEG 
 
 YEN 
 
 and also of the forces which operate 
 in it and by it, is the province of Vege- 
 table Physiology. — (Gray.) 
 
 Veg-e-tall-ty. [Vegetal' itas.] A 
 term for the aggregate of those functions 
 or properties which are possessed by all 
 living vegetables; also applied to such 
 animal phenomena as are common to 
 the vegetable kingdom. 
 
 Veg-e-ta'ri-an. One who holds the 
 doctrine that vegetables are the only 
 proper food for man. 
 
 Veg-e*ta'tion. [Vegeta'tio, o'nis ; 
 from veg'eto, vegeta' turn, to “quicken,” 
 or to “ make strong.”] The growth of 
 plants; the process by which plants 
 vegetate or grow. Sometimes applied 
 to plants collectively or in general. 
 Also, a morbid fungous excrescence 
 which sometimes appears on the valves 
 of the heart, or on the semilunar valves 
 of the aorta. 
 
 Veg'e-ta-tive. [Vegetati'vus; 
 
 from the same.] Capable of growing; 
 relating to growth or nutrition. Applied 
 to organic functions, i.e. nutrition and 
 reproduction. 
 
 Veg'e-to-Ani-mal. [ Veg'eto- An- 
 
 ima'flis.] Applied to gluten and vege- 
 table albumen, two vegetable substances 
 which resemble certain proximate ani- 
 mal principles in chemical habitudes, etc. 
 
 Veg'eto-Min'e-ral. [Veg'eto-Min- 
 era'lis.] Pertaining to vegetable and 
 mineral substances. 
 
 Veg'eto - Sul-pSiu'rl-cus.* Applied 
 to an acid formed by the action of sul- 
 phuric acid on sawdust of wood, or linen 
 rags. 
 
 Ve'lii-cle. [Veliic'ulum; from 
 ve'ho , to “carry,” in any manner.] Lit- 
 erally, “that which carries or conveys.” 
 A liquor, or substance, in which medi- 
 cine is rendered of more easy exhibition. 
 See Excipient. 
 
 VeM. See Velum, and Calyptra. 
 
 Venn. See Vena. 
 
 Veined. [Veno'sus.] Having veins 
 or nerves. In Botany, furnished with 
 slender vascular or woody bundles, es- 
 pecially branching ones, or veins. 
 
 Vein'less. [Ave'naus.] Destitute 
 of apparent veins. 
 
 Vein'let. [Vem'ula.] A little vein; 
 one of the smaller ramifications of the 
 veins of a leaf. 
 
 Veins, Min'e-ral. Cracks or fis- 
 sures in rocks, filled with metals or 
 other substances different from the rock 
 itself. 
 
 Vellum.* [From vel'lus, a “fleece 
 
 of wool;” also, the “skin of an animal.”] 
 A fine kind of parchment, made of calf- 
 skin. 
 
 Velum.* [From ve'lo , to “hide.”] 
 A veil. Applied to several objects like 
 a veil or screen. 
 
 Velum In-ter-pos'i-tum.* (“ In- 
 terposed Veil.”) The choroid membrane 
 of the brain, situated beneath the fornix 
 and above the optic thalami . 
 
 Ve'luan Pend u-1 um Pa-lala.* 
 (“Pendulous Veil or Curtain of the 
 Palate.”) Applied to the posterior part 
 of the palate, which forms two arches, 
 fixed laterally to the tongue and phar- 
 ynx. See Palatum Molle. 
 
 Velum Pu-pil'lae.* (“Veil of the 
 Pupil.”) The name of a very thin mem- 
 brane which covers the pupil of the eye 
 in the foetus; also termed Membrana yu- 
 ])illari8 (“Pupillary Membrane”). 
 
 Velum Ve-si'^a? U-ri-na'ri-aB.* 
 The trigone. 
 
 Ve-lu'ti-nous. [From the Italian 
 rellu-tOy “velvet.”] Velvety; covered 
 with very fine and close soft hairs, so 
 that the surface resembles velvet to the 
 touch. Applied to plants. 
 
 Vena,* plural Ve'nse, A vein; a 
 non-pulsating vessel carrying the blood, 
 or waste portion of it, back to the heart, 
 after it has been distributed to the sys- 
 tem by the arteries and ha-s given off its 
 nutritious properties to the various or- 
 gans and tissues of the body. (See Cir- 
 culation.) Also, one of the woody fibres 
 which form part of the framework <-l 
 leaves. 
 
 Ve na Ar-te-ri-o'sa.* (“ Arterial 
 Vein.”) Another name for the portal 
 vein : so called because it ramifies like 
 an artery, and conveys blood for secre- 
 tion ; but it is an arterial vein in another 
 sense, being a vein to the hepatic artery, 
 and an artery to the hepatic vein. See 
 Vena Portje. 
 
 Ve'ua Ba-sil'I-ca.* (“ Ptoyal Vein.”) 
 The large vein of the arm. See Basilic. 
 
 Ve'ua Ca'va In-fe'ri-oay* or Ve'ua 
 Ca va As-cen 'dens.* (“Inferior or 
 Ascending Hollow Vein.”) The large 
 vein which extends from the articulation 
 of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae 
 to the right auricle of the heart. 
 
 Ve'ua Ca'va Su-pe'ri-or* (“Supe- 
 rior Hollow Vein ”), otherwise called 
 Ve'ua Ca'va Be-s^en'dens* (“De- 
 scending”). The grand trunk which 
 transmits the blood of the head, the neck, 
 the superior extremities, and part of the 
 circulation of the thorax to the heart. 
 
 591 
 
VEN 
 
 YEN 
 
 Vena Portae. See Portal Vein. 
 
 Ve'nse,* gen. Ve-na'rum, the plural 
 of Vena, which see. 
 
 Venae Alares. See Alares Venas. 
 
 Ve'nae Ca'vse.* (Literally, " Hollow 
 Veins.”) The two large terminating 
 trunks of the veins, divided into the 
 Vena cava superior , and Vena cava in- 
 ferior ; 
 
 Ven-ae-sec'tio.* ("Cutting of a 
 Vein.”) See V enesection. 
 
 Ve-na'tion. [Vena'tio; from ve'na, 
 a "vein.”] The mode in which veins 
 are distributed throughout the lamina of 
 a leaf. There are two principal modes 
 of venation, which are characteristic of 
 the two grand divisions of phenogamous 
 plants, viz. Reticulated and Parallel- 
 Veined, which see. 
 
 Ven-e-na'tion. [From rene' no, Vale- 
 ria’ turn, to " poison.”] The act of poi- 
 soning. 
 
 V en-e-ni f'er-ous. [V enen i f 'er us ; 
 
 from vene'num , " poison,” and fe’ro, to 
 “ bear.”] Bearing poison. Applied to 
 plants. 
 
 Ve-ne're-al. [Vene'mis; from 
 Ve’nus, the goddess of love.] Belong- 
 ing to sexual intercourse, or venery. 
 Also, the same as Aphrodisiac. 
 
 Vene'real Disease'. [Mor'bws 
 Aplirodis'ius or Vene'reus.] A 
 general term for gonorrhoeal as well as 
 syphilitic affections, but more frequently 
 applied to the latter. See Syphilis. 
 
 Vene'real IMsease', True. Syph- 
 ilis, or Lues venerea. 
 
 Ven'e-ry. [From Ve’nus, the god- 
 dess of love.] The pleasures of love; 
 sexual intercourse. 
 
 Ven-e-see'tion. [Vennaesec'tio, 
 
 o ’nis; from ve'na , a "vein,” and sc’co, 
 sec’ turn, to "cut.”] The minor operation 
 of opening a vein with a lancet, other- 
 wise called phlebotomy ; a bleeding or 
 blood-letting. 
 
 Venom. [Lat. Vene'num: Fr. 
 
 Venin, veh-naN°'.] Poison. Usually 
 applied to the poison secreted by certain 
 animals; as that of poisonous serpents, 
 of the spider, wasp, etc. 
 
 Ven'o-mous. [From vene'num, 
 "poison.”] Poisonous. Usually ap- 
 plied to certain noxious animals. 
 
 Ve'nose. [Veno'sns; from ve’na, 
 a "vein.”] Veiny; abounding in veins. 
 
 Venous. [Veno'sns; from the 
 same.] Relating to the veins; con- 
 tained in the veins. 
 
 Ven ter,® gen. Ven'tris. A Latin 
 term signifying the " stomach,” or "bel- 
 692 
 
 ly.” (Fr. Ventre, voNtR.) Also applied 
 to the "womb.” 
 
 Ven'ter I mus.* ("Lowest Belly.”) 
 Another name for the Abdomen, which 
 see. 
 
 Ven-li-la'tlon. [Ventila'tio, o 'nis; 
 from ven’tilo, ventila' turn, to " blow,” to 
 "fan.”] The act of ventilating or re- 
 newing the air of apartments, etc. ; the 
 art of conveying currents of fresh air 
 through apartments, or confined places, 
 so as to maintain the atmosphere in a 
 state of purity. 
 
 Ventouse, voN«'tooz\ The French 
 for "cupping-glass.” See Cucurbitula. 
 
 Ven'tral. [Ventra'lis; from ven'- 
 ter, the " belly.”] Belonging to the 
 belly; abdominal. In Botany, relating 
 to the inner side of a simple pistil, viz. 
 that side next the axis. 
 
 Ven'tral Su'ture (of a pistil or 
 pericarp). The inner suture, or that 
 next the axis of the flower. 
 
 Ventre. See Venter, and Sto- 
 mach. 
 
 Ven'tri-cle. [Ventrie'wlus; dimi- 
 nutive of ven'ter, the " belly.”] Applied 
 to certain cavities of the brain and of 
 the heart. See Heart. 
 
 Ven'lricle of the L&r'ynx. [Ven- 
 tric'ulus Laryn'gis, plural Ven- 
 tric'uli I^aryn'gis.] A depressed 
 fossa situated immediately above the 
 horizontal projection of the chorda voca- 
 lis at each side. 
 
 Ven'tri-cose. [Ventrico'sus ; from 
 ven'ter, the "belly.”] Having a swelled- 
 out appearance, like a belly; big-bellied. 
 See Urceolate. 
 
 Ven-tric'n-li,* gen. Ven-tric-u- 
 lo'rum, the plural of Ventricle us. 
 
 Ventric'uli Tri-cor'nes.® (" Tliree- 
 IIorned Ventricles.”) A designation of 
 the two lateral ventricles of the brain. 
 See Tricorne. 
 
 Ven-tric'u-lus.* [Diminutive of 
 ven'ter, the " belly.”] The stomach : the 
 principal organ of digestion. See Sto- 
 mach. Also, a Ventricle, which see. 
 
 Ven-tril'o-qussin. [From ven'ter, 
 the " belly,” or " stomach,” and lo'quor , 
 to " speak ;” because it often seems as if 
 the voice were formed in the stomach or 
 chest, and not in the mouth.] Tho 
 utterance of the voice in such manner 
 within the mouth that, by varying its 
 tones in imitation of the voices of others, 
 and according to supposed distances of 
 the speakers, but without perceptible 
 motion of the lips, perfect illusion is 
 produced ; also called yastroloqn'.sm. Ono 
 
YEN' 
 
 VER 
 
 possessing the power of ventriloquism is 
 termed a ventriloquist. 
 
 VentriBoquist. See Ventriloquism. 
 
 Veu-tril'o-quous. [Veutril'o- 
 quus.J Relating to, or having the 
 power of, ventriloquism. 
 
 Veil' t rose. [Ventro'sus; from 
 ven'ter , a “ belly.”] Having a belly, or 
 swellings like the belly. See Gastrodes. 
 
 Veu'u-la.* [Diminutive of vc'na, a 
 “vein.”] A little vein. 
 
 Ve'iius,* gen. Veu'e-ris. (The 
 goddess of beauty and love.) An an- 
 cient name of copper, which was so 
 called because this metal was originally 
 procured in great quantities in the island 
 of Cyprus, the favorite abode of Venus. 
 Also, a term for sexual love. See 
 Venereal. 
 
 Ve'nus, Crys'taBs of. A common 
 name for the crystallized acetate of cop- 
 per. 
 
 Ver, v£r. The French for “worm.” 
 See Vermis. 
 
 Ve-ra tri-a,* or Ver'a-trio, Ver-a- 
 tri'na.* [From Vcra'trum.] The Phar- 
 macopoeial name || for a vegetable alkali 
 obtained from subadilla. It is very 
 poisonous. 
 
 Ve-rat'ric. [Verat'ricus.] Belong- 
 ing to veratria. 
 
 V e-ra' t rum.- A Linnaean genus of 
 the class Poly gamut, natural order Me- 
 lanfhctcese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
 name (Bond., Ed., and Dub. Ph.) for 
 the root of Veratrum album. 
 
 Yera'trnm Album.* Ver at rum, or 
 white hellebore; also termed Hellcborus 
 albus. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
 Ph.) for the rhizoma of the Veratrum 
 album. It is a violent emetic and 
 cathartic; in small doses it is a general 
 stimulant to the secretions. 
 
 Vera' tram Sab-a-diPla.* The 
 name of one of the plants which afford 
 sa bad ilia. 
 
 Vera'* ram VIr'I-de.* American 
 hellebore. The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the rhizoma of the Vera- 
 trum viride. It is a violent emetic. 
 
 Verbenacese,* ver-be-na'she-e. A 
 natural order of exogenous plants, com- 
 mon in the tropics of both hemispheres, 
 and in the temperate parts of South 
 America. It includes the Verbena , Vitcx, 
 and Tectoua (Teak), a large tree of India 
 which is perhaps the best timber for 
 ship-building in the world. 
 
 Verd Antique, verd an-teek'. A 
 beautiful mottled green marble, or aggre- 
 gate of marble and serpentine. 
 
 Verdigris, ver'de-gress. [Lat. AE- 
 ru'go; Fr. Vert-de-gris, veRdeh-gR^'.] 
 A common name for the subacetate of 
 copper ( Cuj)ri subacetas). It occurs in 
 masses of a pale-green color, almost 
 wholly soluble with the aid of heat in 
 dilute sulphuric acid. It is used exter- 
 nally as a detergent and escharotic, and 
 is occasionally applied to chronic erup- 
 tions, foul and indolent ulcers, and 
 venereal warts. 
 
 Ver'di-ter. A blue pigment obtained 
 by adding chalk or whiting to a solu- 
 tion of copper in nitric acid. It is a 
 hydrated percarbonate of copper. 
 
 Ver 'juice. [From the French verd , 
 “green,” and jus, “juice.”] (Fr. Verjus, 
 veR'zhii'.) The juice of green or unripe 
 grapes, crab-apples, etc. 
 
 Ver'me&,*' the plural of Vermis, 
 which see. 
 
 Vermicelli, ver-me-chel'le. [From 
 ver’mis, a “ worm.”] An Italian article 
 of food made from a paste of wheat flour, 
 cheese, eggs, and sugar, which paste is 
 formed into long wormlike pieces by 
 forcing it through holes. 
 
 Ver-mic'u-lar. [Vcrmicula'rfs; 
 from ver’ m is, a “worm.”] Wormlike in 
 shape or appearance. 
 
 Ver-mic'u-late. [Vermicula'tus; 
 from the same.] Resembling a worm. 
 
 Ver-mic-u-la'tion. [Vermicula'- 
 tio, o’nis; from the same.] A peculiar 
 motion in certain parts like the progres- 
 sion of a worm. 
 
 Ver-mie'u-lose, or Ver-mic'u- 
 lous. [Vermiculo'sus; from vermic'- 
 tiluSf a “ little worm.”] Having worms. 
 
 Ver'mi-form. [Vermifor'mis ; 
 
 from ver’ mis, a “worm.”] Formed like 
 a worm ; wormlike. 
 
 Ver miform Process. [Proces'- 
 sus Verm ifor' mis.] Applied to the 
 process connecting the two hemispheres 
 of the cerebellum, like an earthworm 
 rolled up. 
 
 Ver'mI-fuge. [Vermif 'ugus ; 
 
 from ver’ mis, a “worm,” and fid go, to 
 “drive away.”] Having power to expel 
 worms; anthelmintic. See Antiscolic. 
 
 Ver-mil'i-on. [Vermil'ium.] A 
 
 red pigment of remarkable beauty; the 
 same as cinnabar, or bisulphuret of mer- 
 cury. 
 
 Ver-mi-na'tiou. [Vermina'tio, 
 
 o ’nis; from ver’ mis, a “worm.”] See 
 Malis. 
 
 Ver'mis,* plural Ver'ines. (Fr. 
 
 Ver, veR.) A worm. Applied in Medi- 
 cine to an animal which infests the 
 593 
 
VER 
 
 VER 
 
 intestines of man and other animals. 
 Among the most common and important 
 intestinal worms may be mentioned the 
 As'caris lumbricoi' des, Oxyurus vermicula- 
 ris (or As'caris vermicula'ris), Tse'nia la'ta , 
 Tse'nia so' lium, and Trichoceph' alus, which 
 are noticed under their proper heads. 
 Often applied in the plural ( Vermes) 
 somewhat loosely to a class or division 
 of animals including leeches, earth- 
 worms, snails, etc. 
 
 Ver-miv '©-rous. [Vermiv'orus; 
 
 from ver' mis, a “worm,” and vo'ro, to 
 “devour.”] Feeding on worms and 
 insects. 
 
 Ver-aiac'u-lar. [Vernac'ulus; 
 
 from ver'na, a “bondman,” a “home- 
 born servant.”] Native; indigenous; 
 pertaining to one’s native country. 
 
 Ver'nal. [Verna'lis; from ver, the 
 “spring.”] Belonging to spring. 
 
 Ver-na'tion. [Verna' tio, 
 from the same.] The disposition of nas- 
 cent leaves in the bud. Also called Pr^e- 
 foliation. 
 
 Ver-no'ni-a An-tli el-inin'ti-ca.* 
 
 An East Indian plant of the natural 
 order Comqyositse, highly commended as 
 a bitter tonic. The seeds are used as 
 an anthelmintic. 
 
 V6role, v&'rol'. The French term for 
 Syphilis, which see. 
 
 Ve-ron'i-ca.* A Linnasan genus of 
 the class Diandria , natural order Scro- 
 phnlariacese , or Pediculares. 
 
 Veron'ica A-quat'i-ca.* A name 
 for Veronica beccabunga. 
 
 Veron'ica Bec-ca-bun'ga.^ The 
 systematic name of the plant brooklime, 
 or water-pimpernel. It was formerly 
 much employed in Medicine, but its use 
 of latter time has been generally aban- 
 doned. 
 
 Ver-ru'ca.* A wart; a hardening of 
 the cuticle, of various appearance. A 
 genus of the order Tumores, class Locales , 
 of Cullen’s Nosology. Also applied to a 
 little knob occurring on the under sur- 
 face of fungi. 
 
 Ver-ru cl-form. [Verrucifor'- 
 mis: from verru'ca, a “wart.”] Hav- 
 ing the form of a wart. 
 
 Ver'ru-cose. [Verruco'sns; from 
 the same.] Warty; covered with warts: 
 ver'rucous. 
 
 Ver-ru'cn-lose. [Verruculo'sus ; 
 
 from verru'cula, a “little wart.”] Hav- 
 ing small warts: vcrruculous. 
 
 Ver'sa-tile. [Versat'ilis; from 
 ver' so, versa' turn, to “turn often.”] 
 Vane-like; oscillating. Applied ts an 
 594 
 
 anther when the apex of the filament is 
 attached to a point near its middle. 
 
 Ver-sic'o-lor, o'r is.* [From ver- 
 sus, “changed,” and co'lor, “color.”] 
 Changing color, or having many tints: 
 versicolored. 
 
 Ver'te-bra,* plural Ver'te-brse. 
 
 [From ver' to, to “ turn.”] A peculiarly- 
 shaped bone, twenty-four of which com- 
 pose the spine, or vertebral column and 
 canal containing the spinal marrow. 
 Each vertebra is composed of — 
 
 1. A body, or the main part, forming 
 the centre of the spine, and bearing chiefly 
 the weight of the body. It is sometimes 
 termed the cen'trum, or “centre.” 
 
 2. Four articulating processes, by which 
 it is joined to the next vertebra. These 
 are sometimes called oblique processes, 
 the upper ones the ascending oblique, the 
 lower the descending oblique processes. 
 
 3. A spinous process, which projects 
 directly backward, those of the different 
 vertebrae forming with their points the 
 ridge of the back : from their sharpness 
 the vertebral column is called the Spine. 
 
 4. Two transverse processes, which stand 
 out at right angles, or laterally, from 
 the body of the vertebra. 
 
 Ver'tebra Den-ta'ta.* The axis, 
 or second cervical vertebra. 
 
 Ver'te-bray* gen. Ver-te-bra'rum, 
 the plural of Vertebra, which see. 
 
 Ver'tebrae, False. A term applied 
 to the various portions of the sacrum 
 and os coccygis, regarded as vertebras 
 joined together by ossification. 
 
 Ver'te-bral. [Vertebra'Iis. J Be- 
 longing to a vertebra, or the vertebras. 
 
 Ver'tebral Arcb, In-fe'ri-or. The 
 same as Hasmal Arch, which see. 
 
 Ver'tebral Arcb, Su-pe'ri-or. Ap- 
 plied in Comparative Anatomy to tho 
 portion of the vertebra above (the animal 
 being in its horizontal position) the cen- 
 trum, or body, forming the bony archway 
 or canal in which is lodged the spinal 
 marrow. 
 
 Ver'tebral Ar'te-ry. [Arte'ria 
 Vertebra'Iis.] A large artery, so 
 named because it passes through a bony 
 canal formed for it by the perforations 
 of the cervical vertebras. This and the 
 carotid are the arteries of the brain. 
 
 Ver'tebral Ca-nal'. [Cana'lis Ver- 
 tebra'Iis.] Applied to the canal ex- 
 tending through the length of the verte- 
 bral column, and containing the spinal 
 marrow. 
 
 Ver'tebral Col'iimn. [Lat. Colinn'- 
 na Vertebra'Iis; Fr. Colonne Vertebrate , 
 
VER 
 
 VES 
 
 ko'lonn' veR'tVbriU'.] Also called Spi'- 
 nal (ol'uinn [Colum'na Spina lis], 
 and Spine [Lat. Spina; Fr. Echine , 
 Ash£n']. The bony column which forms 
 the posterior part of the skeleton, be- 
 tween the head and pelvis. It is com- 
 posed of twenty-four vertebrae, divided 
 into — 
 
 1. The Cervical , or those of the neck, 
 seven in number, characterized by hav- 
 ing their transverse processes perforated 
 for the passage of the vertebral artery. 
 The first of these is called the atlas, 
 from its immediately supporting the 
 head ; the second, the dentata , odonto’ides, 
 or axis, from its axis or toothlike pro- 
 cess, upon which it turns; and the low- 
 est, vertebra jjromineiis, from its spinous 
 process being so much longer than the 
 others. 
 
 2. The Dorsal, or those of the back, 
 twelve in number. These are distin- 
 guished by having articular surfaces for 
 the heads of the ribs. 
 
 3. The Lumbar, or those of the loins, 
 five in number, and distinguished by 
 their size and the length of the trans- 
 verse processes. 
 
 Vertebral Disease. See Spondyl- 
 
 ARTHROCACE. 
 
 Ver'tebral Got'ter. The vertebral 
 gutters are situated at the side of the 
 backbone, between the spinous processes 
 and the angles of the ribs. 
 
 Ver-te-bra'ta,* the plural neuter of 
 Vertebrates, which see. 
 
 Vertebrates. See Vertebratus. 
 
 Ver-te-bra'tus.* Vertebrated; hav- 
 ing vertebrae. Applied in the plural 
 neuter {Vertebra' ta) to the first great 
 division of the animal kingdom, having 
 a spine formed of vertebrae movable on 
 each other, and each perforated by an 
 annular opening for the passage of the 
 spinal marrow. 
 
 Ver'tex, icis.% [From ver'to , to 
 “turn.”] The summit or top of any 
 thing. In Astronomy, the same as 
 zenith. The vertex of an angle or cone 
 is the angular point, or that in which 
 the sides of the angle or cone intersect. 
 In Anatomy, the top or crown of the 
 head. 
 
 Ver'ti-cal. [VeWfca'las ; from 
 ver'tex.] Pertaining to the vertex ; di- 
 rected up and down ; perpendicular. 
 
 Ver'ti-ces,* the plural of Vertex. 
 
 Ver'ti-cil, or Ver'ti-cel. [Verti- 
 cil'lus; from ver'to, to “turn.”] A 
 whorl; a set of organs arranged in a 
 circle around the axis of a plant. 
 
 Ver-ti^'il-late. [Verticilla'tns.l 
 
 Disposed in verticils; whorled. Leaves 
 are called verticillate when three or 
 more are ranged around each node. 
 
 Ver-tl-cil-H-flo'rous. [Verticil- 
 liflo'rns; from verticil' Ins, a “spindle,” 
 and jlos, a “flower.”] Having spikes 
 composed of verticils. 
 
 Ver-ti-ci 1'lus,* plural Ver-ti-cil'Ii. 
 A term sometimes applied to the verte- 
 brm. 
 
 Ver-tigl-nous. [Vertigino'sus.] 
 
 Relating to vertigo. 
 
 Ver'tl-go. [Verti'g'O, g'inis; from 
 ver'to, to “turn.”] (Fr. Etonrdissement , 
 AtooR'd6ss'moN°'.) Dizziness; swimming 
 of the head; giddiness. 
 
 Veriiiiioiitaiiuxn. See Caput Gal- 
 LINAGINIS. 
 
 Ve-sa'ni-a,* plural Ve-sa'ni-se. 
 
 [From vesa'nus, “mad,” “ furious.”] Mad- 
 ness. Applied in the plural to an order 
 in Cullen’s Nosology, including diseases 
 in which the judgment is impaired, with- 
 out coma or pyrexia. 
 
 Ve-si'ca.* [From v as, a “vessel.”] 
 A bladder. In ordinary acceptation, the 
 Vesi'ca urina'ria, or urinary bladder. 
 Applied also to any thing resembling a 
 bladder. 
 
 Vesi ca Fel'Iis.* (“Bladder of the 
 Bile.”) See Gall-Bladder. 
 
 Vesi'ca Nat-a-to ri-a.* (“Swim- 
 ming Bladder.”) The air-bladder of 
 fishes, etc. 
 
 Ves'I-cal. [Vesica'lis; from vesi'ca, 
 a “bladder.”] Having the appearance 
 of a bladder. 
 
 Vesicantia,* ves-e-kan'she-a. See 
 Vesicants. 
 
 Ves'i-cants. [Vesican'tia: from 
 vesi'ca, a “bladder;” also, a “blister.”] 
 Epispastics. Topical agents which cause 
 the exhalation of a thin serous fluid 
 under the cuticle. 
 
 Ves'i-cat-mg 1 . [Ves'icans, a n'fis ; 
 from the same.] The same as Vesica- 
 torius. 
 
 Ves-i-ca'tion. [Vesica'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] The action of a vesi- 
 cant; the formation of a blister. 
 
 Ves-I-ca-to'ri-wm.* [From the 
 
 same.] (Fr. Vesicatoire, v&'z^’k&'tw&R'.) 
 A blister, or vesicatory. 
 
 Ves-i-ea-to'ri-us.* [From the 
 
 same.] Having the property of raising 
 a blister; blistering: ves'icatory. 
 
 Vesicatory. See Vesicatorius, and 
 Vesicatorium. 
 
 Ves'i-cle. [Vesic'nla; diminutive 
 of vesi'ca, a “ bladder.”] Literally, a 
 595 
 
VES 
 
 VIC 
 
 “ small bladder;” usually applied to an 
 elevation of the cuticle, containing a clear 
 watery fluid. Applied in the plural to 
 certain little receptacles, etc. 
 
 Ves'i-cle, ^rer'ml-nal. A nucleated 
 vesicle, being the earliest-formed part of 
 the ovum. Its nucleus is termed the 
 germinal sjjot. 
 
 Ve-sic'a-la Fel'lis.* (“Bladder of 
 the Bile.”) See Gall-Bladder. 
 
 Ve-sic'a-lae,* the plural of Vesic'ula. 
 See Vesicle. 
 
 Vesicalse Oraafiunse. See Graafi- 
 an,® Vesicul^e. 
 
 Vesiculse JSiabotbi. See Nabothi 
 Glandule. 
 
 Vesic'ulse Sem-l-Aa'les/ i: ' (“ Sem- 
 inal Vesicles.”) The two reservoirs or 
 receptacles of the semen situated on 
 the back and lower part of the urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 Ve-sic'a-lar. [Vesfcula'ris; from 
 vesic'ula, a “vesicle.”] Belonging to or 
 having vesicles. 
 
 Vesicale da Fiel, va'z^'kiil' dii fe-el', 
 or Vesicale Biliaire, v&'ze'kiil' be'- 
 le-eR'. The French terms for Gall- 
 Bladder, which see. 
 
 Ves-i-ca-lif 'er-oa§. [Vesicalif 
 
 eras; from vesic'ula , a “vesicle,” and 
 fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing vesicles. 
 
 Ve-sie'u-loas. [ Vesical© 'sas? 
 from vesic'ula , a “vesicle.”] Having or 
 resembling vesicles. 
 
 Vesper-tine. [From ves'per, “even- 
 ing.”] Appearing or expanding in the 
 early evening. Applied to flowers. 
 
 Ves'sel. (Fr. Vaisseau, vAso'.) A 
 canal or conduit by which blood, chyle, 
 etc., are conveyed through the body and 
 organs. (SeeVAS.) Applied in Botany 
 to ducts and tubes. See Spiral Vessels, 
 and Vascular Tissue. 
 
 Vessie, v&'s6', or ves's<P. The French 
 for Urinary Bladder, which see. 
 
 Ves'ti-bnle. [Vestib'ulum.] Origi- 
 nally, the “porch or entry to a house.” 
 Applied to the small elliptical cavity of 
 the internal ear, behind the cochlea, and 
 in front of the semicircular canals. 
 
 Veta, va't&, or Puna, poo'n&. A dis- 
 ease prevalent in the elevated districts 
 of South America, supposed to be caused 
 by breathing rarefied air; it resembles 
 sea-sickness. 
 
 Vet'e-ri-na-rjf. [Veterina'rius; 
 
 from ve'ho, to “carry.”] Literally, 
 “belonging to beasts of burden.” See 
 next article. 
 
 Vet'erinary Mcd'I-cine. [Mertici'- 
 na Veterlna ria.] The healing art as 
 596 
 
 applied to diseases in horses, cattle, etc. ; 
 anciently called Mulo-medicina . 
 
 Vex'il-la-ry. [Vexilla'ris ; from 
 vexil'lum , a “banner.”] Pertaining to 
 the vexillum. Applied to aestivation, 
 when the vexillum embraces the other 
 petals. 
 
 Vex'il-late. [Vexilla'tus; from 
 the same.] Having a vexillum. Applied 
 to a papilionaceous plant. 
 
 Vex-illam.* [From ve'ho, vec'tum, 
 to “carry.”] Originally, a standard or 
 ensign. The standard or upper petal of 
 a papilionaceous flower. 
 
 Vi-a-bil'I-ty. [See next article.] 
 Ability to live. 
 
 VI'a-ble. [Lat. Viab'ilis; Fr. Via- 
 ble, vA&bl'; from vie, “ life.”] A term in 
 Medical Jurisprudence signifying “able 
 or likely to live.” Applied to the con- 
 dition of a child at birth. 
 
 Vi'a? Faeh-ry-ma'les.* (“Lachry- 
 mal Passages.”) A collective term for 
 the double apparatus for the secretion 
 and excretion of the tears. This appa- 
 ratus consists of the lachrymal gland, 
 lachrymal ducts, the puncta lachrymalia , 
 lachrymal sac, and nasal canal. 
 
 Vise Prianse. See Prim^e Vi^e. 
 
 Vial. See Phial. 
 
 Vi-bi'ces.* [Plural of vi'bex, the 
 “mark of a blow.”] Large purple spots 
 which appear beneath the skin in certain 
 malignant fevers. 
 
 VI'bra-tile. [Vibrat'ilis ; from vi'- 
 bro, vibra'tum, to “shake,” or “bran- 
 dish.”] Having an oscillatory motion; 
 moving to and fro, or from side to side. 
 
 Vi-bra/tion. [Vibra'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] A very rapid move- 
 ment which an elastic and rigid rod 
 fixed at one of its extremities, or a cord 
 stretched at the two ends, executes in 
 oscillating. In Mechanics, the recipro- 
 cating motion of a body, as a pendulum, 
 musical chord, etc. 
 
 Vi bra- to- ry. [Vibrato'rius.] 
 
 Similar to Vibratile. 
 
 Vib'ri-o.* [From the same.] A name 
 given to minute animalcules developed in 
 putrefying animal fluids. 
 
 Vi-bris'sse, a 'rum and o' rum* [From 
 the same.] The stiff hairs in the nos- 
 trils. Also, the stiff, long-pointed bris- 
 tles which grow from the upper lip and 
 other parts of the head of mammals. 
 
 Vl-ca'rl-ous. [Vica'rins; from 
 vi'ci8 , “change.”] Acting in the place 
 of another, or taking the place of an- 
 other: as, vicarious secretion. 
 
 Vieq d’Azyr (v&k dU'z^R'), Cen'tra* 
 
VID 
 
 VIR 
 
 O-va'li-a of. The white substance sur- 
 rounded by the gray portion of the hemi- 
 spheres of the cerebrum when the upper 
 parts are sliced off nearly on a level 
 with the corpus callosum. — (Mayne.) 
 
 Vid'X-an Nerve. The third or pos- 
 terior branch of the spheno-palatine. 
 
 Vie, vA The French term for Life, 
 which see. 
 
 Vieillesse, ve-Ayess', or ve-el'ye3s'. 
 The French word for “old age.” See 
 Senectus. 
 
 Vieus'sens (ve-u'sens), Centrum 
 O-va'le of. The white substance sur- 
 rounded by the gray or cortical portion 
 of the cerebrum when both hemispheres 
 are sliced off quite on a level with the 
 corpus callosum . — (Mayne.) 
 
 Vigilance. See Pervigilium. 
 
 Vii-Iif 'er-ous. [Villif'erus; from 
 villus, “wool,” or “shaggy hair,” and 
 fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Bearing long hairs. 
 Applied to plants. 
 
 Vil-lose', or Vil'lous. [Villo'sns; 
 
 from villus, “wool,” or “hair.”] Shaggy 
 with long and soft hairs. Applied to 
 stems, etc. 
 
 Vil'lus,* plural Til'll. [From vel'lus, 
 a “fleece of wool”?] Originally, “hair,” 
 or the “nap of cloth.” Applied in the 
 plural to the small conical projections on 
 the valvulse count rentes, having small pores 
 which are the mouths of the absorbent 
 vessels. In Botany, a hairy pubescence 
 composed of slender and soft, hair-like 
 filaments. 
 
 Vi-min'e-ous. [From vlrnen, an 
 “osier” or “twig.”] Bearing or resem- 
 bling long and flexible twigs like wicker. 
 
 Vine. [Vin'ea; from vi'num, “wine.”] 
 Any trailing, climbing, or twining stem. 
 Vine, originally and properly, is applied 
 to the Grape-vine. 
 
 Vinegar. See Acrtum. 
 
 Vinegar, Mother of. See Mother 
 of Vinegar. 
 
 Vl-nif'er-ous. [Vinif'erus: from 
 vi'num, “wine,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Wine-bearing or wine-yielding. See 
 Vitis Vinifera. 
 
 Vi nous. [Vino'sus; from vi'num, 
 “wine.”] Relating to, or resembling, 
 wine. 
 
 Vi'num.* A Latin word for wine, the 
 juice of the grape. See Wine. 
 
 Vinum Album. See Vinum Xeri- 
 cum. 
 
 Vi'num An-ti-mo'ni-i.- (“Wine 
 of Antimony.”) See Antimonial Wine. 
 
 Vi'num Por-ten'se,* or Vi'num 
 Ru'brum* (“Red Wine”), 1850. The 
 51 
 
 Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for port 
 wine. 
 
 Vi'num X£r'i-cum.* The Phar- 
 macopoeia! name (U.S. and Br. Ph.) for 
 sherry wine, otherwise called Vinum album 
 and Vi'num album Hispa'num. 
 
 Vi'o-la.* [From Tor, a “violet.”] A 
 Linnsean genus of the class Pentandria , 
 natural order Violacex. Also, the Phar- 
 macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
 of Viola pedata; (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
 for the flowers of the Vi'ola odora'ta, or 
 sweet violet. It is a demulcent and ex- 
 pectorant. 
 
 Vi'ola Uo-ni'na.* Dog Violet. A 
 plant the root of which is emetic and 
 cathartic. 
 
 Vi'ola Od-o-ra'ta.* The sweet vio- 
 let. See Viola. 
 
 Violacese,* vi-o-la'she-e. A natural 
 order of exogenous plants, natives of 
 many temperate regions. Emetic pro- 
 perties are generally possessed by the 
 roots of this order, which includes the 
 Viola (Violet). 
 
 Vi-o-la ceous. [Viola'ceus.] Re- 
 sembling the violet. 
 
 Vi'o-let, Sweet. The Viola odor at a. 
 
 Viper, or Vipfcre. See Coluber 
 Berus. 
 
 Vir,* gen. Vi'ri. A Latin word sig- 
 nifying a “man” (or “male”), as distin- 
 guished from a woman ; while Homo 
 signifies man (human being), when refer- 
 ence is made to the race without respect 
 to sex. See Homo. 
 
 Vi 'res,* gen. Vir'I-um. The plural 
 of Vis, which see. 
 
 Vi-res'^ent. [From vires' co, to “be- 
 come green.”] Somewhat green. 
 
 Vir'gate. [Virga'tus; from vir'ga , 
 a “rod.”] Having the form of a rod; 
 wand-like. 
 
 Vir'gin Oil. The substance which 
 flows first from the pulp of the ripe juice 
 of the olive, on expression. 
 
 Vir-gl-ua'le Claus'trum.* A name 
 sometimes applied to the Hymen. 
 
 Vir-gin'i-an Snake'-root. The 
 Aristolochia serpentaria. See Serpen- 
 
 TARIA. 
 
 Vir'gin’s Milk. A cosmetic pre- 
 pared by mixing one drachm of simple 
 tincture of benzoin with four ounces of 
 water. 
 
 Vir-gul'tum.* [From vir'ga, a 
 “rod.”] A twig or young shoot. 
 
 Vi'ri,* gen. Vl-ro'rum, the plural 
 of Vir, which see. 
 
 Vir'i-de JE'ris.* (The “Green of 
 Brass.”) Another term for Verdigris. 
 
 597 
 
VIR 
 
 YIT 
 
 Vir-I-des'^ent. [From vir’idis, 
 “ green.”] The same as Virescent, 
 which see. 
 
 Vir-i-(li-floros. ;: [From vir'idis, 
 
 “ green/’ and Jios, a “ flower/’] Having 
 flowers of a green color. 
 
 Vir'I-din. [Viridi'iia; from vir'i- 
 dis, “ green.”] Proposed by De Can- 
 dolle for Chromule, which see. 
 
 Vi'rile. [Viri'lis; from vir, a 
 “man.”] Belonging to a man; peculiar 
 to man, as distinguished from woman. 
 
 Virile lembrum. See Membrum 
 Virile. 
 
 Virilis AEtas. See JEtas Yirilis. 
 
 Vl-ril'i-ty. [Viril'itas, a 'tie; from 
 vir'iiis, “proper to man.”] Manhood; 
 full age. Usually applied to the genera- 
 tive power of man. 
 
 Vir'u-lent. [Virulen'tus; from in'- 
 rus, a “poison.”] Poisonous; malignant. 
 
 Vi' ms.* [From vis , plural vi'res, 
 “strength.”] Literally, “poison.” Ap- 
 plied to any matter produced by disease, 
 and capable of propagating that disease 
 by inoculation or contagion. 
 
 Vis,* plural Vi'res. A Latin word 
 signifying “force,” or “power.” 
 
 Vis a Ter'go.* Literally, “force 
 from behind.” Any impelling power. 
 
 V is For-ma-ti' va»* (“Form ati ve 
 Power.”) The formative power or in- 
 fluence which is supposed to preside over 
 the nourishment and growth of the body, 
 and the performance of its various func- 
 tions. 
 
 Vis Isiertise* (in-er'she-e). (“'Force 
 of Inertia.”) See Inertia. 
 
 Vis Med-I-ca'trix (or Fon-ser-va'- 
 trix) Na-tu'rse.* The healing or pre- 
 serving power of nature. 
 
 Vis Mor'tu-a.* (“Dead Force.”) 
 That property by which a muscle con- 
 tracts after the death of the animal to 
 which it belongs, or after it has been cut 
 from a living body. 
 
 Vis Jfer've-a.* (“Nervous Force or 
 Power.”) The name given by Ilaller to 
 that power in the muscular fibre which 
 enables it to receive impressions con- 
 veyed to it by the nerves. 
 
 Vis Vi'tse,* or Vis Va-ta'lis.* Vital 
 power or force. See Irritability. 
 
 Vis'$e-ra,* the plural of Viscus. 
 
 Vis'$e-ral. [Viscera'lis; from vis' - 
 cits, vis' eerie, a “bowel.”] Belonging to 
 the viscera. See Splanchnic. 
 
 Vis'^id. [Vis'cidus; from vis' cum, 
 “birdlime.”] Clammy, gluey, adhesive. 
 
 Vis-^id'I-ty, Vis-cosi-ty. [Vis- 
 cid itas, a 'tie, or Viscos'itas, a 'tie; 
 
 598 
 
 from the same.] The property of ad- 
 hesiveness; stickiness or clamminess. 
 
 Vis'coid. [Viscoi'des; from vis' cum, 
 the “mistletoe,” and ciiog, a “form.”] 
 Resembling the mistletoe. 
 
 Vis'cous. [Visco'sus; from vis' cum, 
 “birdlime.”] Very glutinous; adhesive; 
 sticky. 
 
 Vis'cus,* or Vis'cum.* [Gr. i%og, or 
 Mol /Juwcdj.] The fruit of the mistletoe, 
 or Viscinn album. A Linnman genus of 
 the class Dioecia, natural order Loran- 
 thacese. 
 
 Vis'cus (tuer'ens,* or Vis'cum 
 Al'bum.* The mistletoe, a parasitical 
 plant growing on the oak, and other 
 trees. 
 
 Vis'cus, crt8,* plural Vis'^e-ra. Any 
 large organ contained in the splanchnic 
 cavities, such as the lungs, liver, spleen, 
 etc. In the plural, it signifies entrails. 
 
 Vi'sion. [Vi'sus and Vi'sio, o 'uis; 
 from vi'deo, vi'sum, to “see.”] (Fr. Vue, 
 vtt.) Sight; the faculty of seeing; the 
 act of seeing; also, something which is 
 the object of sight; an apparition. In 
 the act or process of vision, the lens of 
 the eye casts an image upon the retina 
 similar to that thrown upon the screen 
 of a camera obscura. From the retina 
 the impression is conveyed by the optic 
 nerve to the brain. 
 
 Vision, defective, or Depraved. 
 
 See Dysopsia. 
 
 Vision, Distorted. See Metamor- 
 
 PHOPSIA. 
 
 Vision, Double. See Diplopia. 
 
 Vision, Single. See Monoblepsis. 
 
 Vision, Treble. See Triplopia. 
 
 Visual, vizh'u-al. Pertaining to, or 
 used in, vision. 
 
 Vis'ual Angle, in Optics, is the 
 angle under which an object is seen, or 
 the angle formed at the eye by the rays 
 of light coming from the extremities of 
 an object. 
 
 Vis'ual Rays. The lines of light 
 coming from an object to the eye. 
 
 Visus. See Vision. 
 
 Vi'sus Trip'lex.* (“ Triple Vision.”) 
 The same as Triplopia, which see. 
 
 Vi'ta.* [From (iiori ), “life,” or “means 
 of living.”] The state of existence or 
 being; life. See Life. 
 
 Vi'ta Pro'prl-a.* Sometimes used 
 as synonymous with Irritability. See 
 Nisus Formativus. 
 
 Vitacese,* vi-ta'<rhe-e, or Vi'te&.* 
 A natural order of exogenous plants 
 (climbing shrubs), natives of the milder 
 and hotter parts of both hemispheres. 
 
VIT 
 
 VIV 
 
 The most important genus of this order 
 is the Vi'tis (Grape-vine). 
 
 Vi'tal. [Vita'lis; from vi'ta, “life.”] 
 Belonging or essential to life. 
 
 Vi'tal Air. A name for oxygen gas. 
 
 Vital Functions. See Functions. 
 
 Vi'tal Prin'cl-ple. [Princip'ftum 
 Vi'ta*.] That on which life depends; 
 the unknown cause of life. 
 
 Vi-tal'I-ty. [From vi'ta, “life.”] The 
 principle of life; vital action, or vital 
 power. 
 
 Vi'ta-lize. [From vi'ta, “life.”] To 
 animate; to endow with life. 
 
 Vi'tals. [Vita'lia.] A term applied 
 to the heart, lungs, brain, etc. 
 
 Vi-tel-lif 'er-otis. [Vitellif 'erns ; 
 from vitel'lus, and fe’ro , to “bear.”] 
 Provided with a vitellus. Applied to cer- 
 tain plants. 
 
 Vi-tel'lo-In-tes'ti-nal Duct. [From 
 vitel'lus.] A wide duct by means of 
 which the nutritive substance of the 
 yolk enters the alimentary canal for the 
 nutrition of the embryo. 
 
 Vi- tel 'lus.* [From vi'ta, “life.”] 
 The yelk or yolk of the bird’s egg; also, 
 the yelk or yolk of the ovum, afterwards 
 to become the Vesieula umbilicalis. In 
 Botany, the thickened embryo-sac per- 
 sistent in the seed, as in So uni' r us. 
 
 Vi'tes,* the plural of Vi'tis, forming 
 the Jussieuan name of an order of plants. 
 See Vitaceas. 
 
 Vitia Fouformationis,* vish'e-a 
 kon-for-ma-she-o'nis. (“Faults or De- 
 fects of Conformation.”) A term signi- 
 fying malformations. 
 
 Vit-i-lt'g'O, inis* A skin-disease in 
 which there are smooth, white, glisten- 
 ing tubercles about the ears, neck, or 
 face, or over the whole body, mingled 
 with shining papulae. Also, a name for 
 leprosy. 
 
 VI-til'X-goid. [Vitiligoi'des; from 
 vitili'go, and eiSog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling vitiligo. 
 
 Vi'tis.* A Linnaean genus of the 
 class Pentandria, natural order Vita- 
 cese. 
 
 Vi'tis Vi-uif'e-ra.* (“Wine-bear- 
 ing Vine.”) The systematic name of 
 the common Vine of Europe. 
 
 Vit. Ov. Sol. See V. 0. S. 
 
 Vit're-ous. [Vit'reus; from vi'tnim, 
 “glass.”] Of, or pertaining to, glass; 
 glassy; hyaline. • 
 
 Vit're-ous Hu mor [Hu'mor Vit'- 
 reus]; called, also, For'pus Vit're-um* 
 (“Vitreous Body”). The name applied 
 to + he transparent gelatinous substance 
 
 which fills the back part of the eye be- 
 hind the crystalline lens. 
 
 Vit-ri-fac'tion. The same as Vitrp 
 fication. 
 
 Vit-rl-fi-ca'tion. [Vitrifica'tio, 
 
 o'nis; from vi'tnim, “glass,” and fa' do, 
 to “make.”] The act or process of vit- 
 rifying, or converting into glass. 
 
 Vit'ri-ol. [Vitri'olum; from vi'- 
 trum , “glass.”] A term applied to the 
 sulphates of iron, copper, zinc, accord- 
 ing to their respective color, as green, 
 blue, and white vitriol; named from 
 their glass-like appearance. Also, a 
 popular term for sulphuric acid. 
 
 Vit'riol, A^'icl of. Sulphuric or 
 vitriolic acid. 
 
 Vit'riol, Blue. [Vitri'olum fre- 
 ru'leum.] The sulphate of copper. 
 See Cupri Sulphas. 
 
 Vit'riol, Green. [Vitri'olum Vir'- 
 i«le.] The sulphate of iron : copperas. 
 
 Vit'riol, Oil of. An old name for 
 sulphuric acid, given because it was for- 
 merly obtained by distillation from green 
 vitriol (sulphate of iron, or copperas). 
 
 Vit'riol, White. [Vitri'olum Al'- 
 bum.] The common term for sulphate 
 of zinc. See Zinci Sulphas. 
 
 Vit-ri-ol ic A^'i<l. Sulphuric acid. 
 
 Vitriolum. See Vitriol. 
 
 Vit-ro'sus.* [From vi'tnim, “glass.”] 
 The same as Vitreous, which see. 
 
 Vi'trum.* A Latin word signifying 
 “ glass.” 
 
 Vi'trum An-ti-mo'ni-i.* (“Glass 
 of Antimony.”) A reddish-brown-colored 
 glass obtained by first calcining anti- 
 mony and then meeting it in a crucible. 
 It is employed in preparing tartarized 
 antimony. 
 
 Vivianiacese,* viv-e-an-e-a'she-e. 
 [From Vivia'nia, one of the genera.] 
 A small natural order of exogenous 
 plants, natives of Brazil and Chili. 
 
 Vi-vip'a-rous. [Vivip'arus; from 
 vi'vus, “alive,” and pa’rio, to “bring 
 forth.”] Bringing forth young alive. In 
 Botany, germinating from the seed, or 
 sprouting from a bulb, etc., while still 
 attached to the parent plant. 
 
 Viv-i-pa'lion. [Vivipa'tio, o'nis; 
 from the same.] A term applied to the 
 mode of generation which consists in 
 the ovum, when separated from the ovary, 
 becoming attached to the maternal or- 
 gans, and deriving its nourishment from 
 them until birth. Otherwise termed vi- 
 viparous generation. 
 
 Viv-i-sec'tion. [Vivisec'tio, o'nis; 
 from vi'vus , “alive,” and se'co, see' turn, 
 599 
 
voc 
 
 VOM 
 
 to “cut.”] The cruel practice of cutting 
 into or dissecting living animals. 
 
 Vo'cal. [Voca'lis; from vox, vo'cis, 
 the “ voice/’] Pertaining to the voice, 
 or uttered by the voice. 
 
 Vo'cal Chords, or Vo'cal Iag'a- 
 ments, The same as Chords Vocales, 
 which see. 
 
 Vocliyacese,* vo-ke-a'she-e. [From 
 Vo'chya , one of the genera.] A natural 
 order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
 found in equinoctial America. 
 
 Voice. [Lat. Vox, Vo'cis: Gr.Quvfj ; 
 Fr. Voix , vw&.] The sound produced in 
 the larynx by means of the air which 
 passes out of the trachea. 
 
 Vo-lat'ic. [Volat'icus; from vo'lo , 
 vola'tnm , to “fly.”] Flying; flitting. 
 
 Vol'a-tile. [Volat'ilis; from the 
 same.] Evaporating; flying off; dis- 
 posed to pass off by spontaneous evapor- 
 ation. 
 
 Vol'atile Al'lta-li, or Vol'atile 
 Salt. The same as Ammonia, which see. 
 
 Vol-a-til i-ty. [Volatil'itas, a 'tis; 
 from volat'ilis , “volatile.”] The state 
 of being volatile. That property by 
 which certain bodies assume the elastic 
 state. 
 
 Vol-a-til-i-za'tion. [Volatilaza- 
 tio, o'nis; from the same.] The trans- 
 formation of a solid body into gas or 
 vapor. 
 
 Vol-can'ic. Pertaining to a volcano, 
 or produced by a volcano. 
 
 Vol-ca'no. [From Vulcn'nus , or Vol- 
 ca'nus, the god of fire, and of smiths: 
 he was supposed to have his workshops 
 in volcanic mountains.] A mountain or 
 hill having at the top a cup-shaped cavity, 
 called a crater, from which issue flames 
 of fire, steam, and gases of various kinds, 
 and sometimes streams of red-hot lava, 
 masses of melted rock, stones, ashes, and 
 scoriae. 
 
 Vo-li'tion. [From vo’lo, obsolete 
 supine voVitnm, to “will,” to “desire.”] 
 The act of willing, or choosing. 
 
 Vol-sel'la.* [From vel'lo , vul'snm , 
 to “pull.”] An instrument for removing 
 bodies sticking in the throat; forceps. 
 Also spelled Vuhella . 
 
 Vol-ta'ic. Applied to a galvanic ap- 
 paratus or battery invented by Volta. 
 See Galvanic. 
 
 Volta-ism. [Voltais'Bmns.] Gal- 
 vanism, as produced by Volta’s appara- 
 tus. See Galvanism. 
 
 Vol-tam'e-ler. [ Volflmi'efi’iim ; 
 
 from VoV taism, and firpov, a “measure.”] 
 An instrument for indicating the amount 
 600 
 
 of voltaic electricity passing through it 
 in a given time. 
 
 Vol'n-Me. [Voln'bilis; from vol’vo, 
 volu'tum, to “roll.”] Apt to roll. In 
 Botany, turning round spirally; twi- 
 ning. 
 
 Volume. [Volu men. inis; from 
 the same.] Originally, a roll of manu- 
 script, which was the form of ancient 
 books. A book or bundle. In Chemis- 
 try, the bulk or dimension of gases. The 
 space which a fluid occupies is called its 
 volume. 
 
 Def'inite Vol'umfs. The union of 
 gases is always effected in simple pro- 
 portions of their volumes : a volume of 
 one gas combines with an equal volume, 
 or twice, three, four, or five times the 
 volume, of another gas, and in no inter- 
 mediate proportion. This is called the 
 law of definite volumes. 
 
 Vol'un-ta-ry. [From voluntas, the 
 “will.”] Relating to the will; sponta- 
 neous; acting or moving in obedience to 
 the will. 
 
 Vo-lute'. [From vol'vo, volu'tum, to 
 “roll.”] Rolled up. Applied to parts 
 of plants. 
 
 Vol'va.* [From the same.] The 
 membranous cover or wrapper enclosing 
 a young fungus. 
 
 Vol'vate. [Volva'tus.] Provided 
 
 with a volra. 
 
 Vol'vu-lus.* [From vol'vo, to “roll.”] 
 The same as Ileac Passion, which see. 
 
 Vomer, eris* A “ploughshare.” 
 Applied to a small thin bone in the median 
 line, forming the posterior and principal 
 portion of the septum navi urn. 
 
 Yom i-ca, : plural Voin'i-^se. [From 
 vo'mo, to “ vomit or expectorate.”] Ab- 
 scess of the lungs; resolution of tu- 
 bercles. 
 
 Voin'I-cns.* [From the same.] Per- 
 taining to, or causing, vomiting. 
 
 Voiniquier, vo'm^'keA'. The French 
 name for Strychnos, which see. 
 
 Vomissement. See Vomiting. 
 
 Vom'it. [Vom'itus; from vo'mo , 
 rom'itum , to “vomit.”] An emetic draught 
 or powder; also, the matter rejected by 
 vomiting. See Emetic, and Vomiting. 
 
 Vom it-ing’. [ Vomi'tio, o'»/sy from 
 the same.] (Fr. Vomissement, vo'm&ss’- 
 moN®'. ) The forcible ejection of the 
 contents ot the stomach through the 
 oesophagus and mouth; vomition: em- 
 esis. 
 
 Vomiting of Blood. See Hasma- 
 
 temesis. 
 
 Vomition. See Vomiting. 
 
VOM 
 
 WAT 
 
 Vomito Nig-ro, vom'e-to nee'gRo. 
 (“Black Vomit.”) A Spanish name for 
 yellow fever. 
 
 Vom-i-to'rl-a.* [See next article.] 
 Emetics; agents which produce vomit- 
 ing. 
 
 Vom'I-to-ry. [Vomito'rius; from 
 vo'mo, vom'itum, to “vomit.”] Causing 
 vomiting; emetie. See Emetic. 
 
 Vomituritio,* vom-e-tu-rish'e-o. 
 [From the same.] Retching; an in- 
 effectual effort to vomit.^ 
 
 Yom'I-tus Cru-en'tus.* (“Bloody 
 Vomit.”) See H^ematemesis. 
 
 Vo-ra'cious. [Vo'rax, a 'efts; from 
 vo'ro, to “devour.”] Devouring; rave- 
 nous; extremely hungry. 
 
 Voracious Appetite. See Vo- 
 racity. 
 
 Vo-ra^'I-ty, or Vo-ra'cious-ness. 
 
 [From, vo'ro , to “devour.”] Greediness 
 for food. Also, the disease termed Bu 
 hmia. See Addephagia. 
 
 Vor'tex,* plural Vor'ti-ces. [From 
 vcr'to. to “turn.”] A Latin word signi 
 fying a “whirlpool.” In the Cartesian 
 philosophy, vortex signifies a collection 
 of material particles forming a fluid or 
 ether, endowed with a rapid rotary motion 
 about an axis. 
 
 Vor'ti-ces,* the plural of Vortex. 
 
 V. O. S., or Vit. Ov. Scl. = ViteVlo 
 o' vi 8olu'tu8 .* “ Dissolved in the yolk 
 
 of an egg.” 
 
 Vox. See Voice. 
 
 Vox Ab-s<£is'sa* (literally, “voice 
 cut off”). Loss of voice. 
 
 Vox Cliolerica. See Cholerophone. 
 
 V. S. = Venxsec'tio* “Venesection.” 
 
 Vue, vii. The French term for Vision, 
 which see. 
 
 Vulcanization. See Vulcanizing. 
 
 Vul ea-niz-er. A name for the steam 
 apparatus used in vulcanizing. 
 
 Vul'ca-niz-lng. [From Vul'can , 
 the god of fire.] A process by which 
 caoutchouc and some other substances 
 combined with sulphur, and exposed to 
 the action of steam at a high tempera- 
 ture, are rendered hard and elastic like 
 horn. 
 
 Vul-ne-ra'ri-a A 'qua.* (“Vulne- 
 rary Water.”) A water or lotion which 
 promotes the healing of wounds. See 
 Arquebusade, Eau d\ 
 
 Vul'ne-ra-ry. [Vulnera'rius; 
 from vul'nus, vuVneris , a “wound.”] Be- 
 longing to wounds. Applied to medi- 
 cines which are supposed to favor the 
 healing of wounds. 
 
 Vul'pisMor'bus.* (“Fox Disease.”) 
 A name for Alopecia, which see. 
 
 Vul'tus,* anciently written Vol'tus. 
 [From vol'itum, the old supine of ro'lo, 
 to “will;” because the expression of the 
 countenance indicates the Wish or will.] 
 A Latin word signifying the “counte- 
 nance, look, or face.” 
 
 Vul'va,* anciently written Vol'va. 
 [From vol'vo , to “roll or wrap up.”] Ori- 
 ginally, “that which is wrapped round 
 any thing:” hence, the “ womb ;” now ap- 
 plied to the fissure in the external parts 
 of generation in the female, extending 
 from the mans Ven'eris to the perinaeum. 
 
 Vul'va Cer'e-bri.* A small aper- 
 ture of the brain forming the part by 
 which the three ventricles communi- 
 cate. 
 
 Vul-vi'tfis, lefts.* Inflammation of 
 the vulva. 
 
 Vulvi'tis Blen-nor-rhag'i-ca.* A 
 
 muco-purulent discharge from the mu- 
 cous membrane of the vulva. See Blen- 
 
 NORRHAGIA. 
 
 Vul vo-Vag i-iial Gland. A small 
 gland at each side of the junction of 
 the vulva with the vagina. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wacke, wak, or wak'eh. (German.) 
 A modification of basalt. 
 
 Wadd, wod. A name sometimes ap- 
 plied to the ores of manganese; and also 
 to plumbago. 
 
 Wakefulness. See Agrypnia. 
 Warm-I5k>©d'ed. A term applied 
 to mammals and birds which have a two- 
 fold circulation, systemic and pulmonic. 
 See Diplo-Cardiac. 
 
 Wart. See Verruca. 
 
 Warty. See Verrucose. 
 
 ' 51* 
 
 Wash. See Lotion. 
 
 Wash, Black. See Black Wash. 
 
 W r ast'ing. [From vas'to, to “waste,” 
 or “destroy”?] See Consumption, Ema- 
 ciation, and Tabes. 
 
 Watchfulness. See Agrypnia. 
 
 WatcMng. See Pervigilium. 
 
 Water. See Aqua. 
 
 Water-Bed, Arnott’s. See Hydro- 
 static Bed. 
 
 Wa'ter-Brash. The common name 
 for Pyrosis, which see. 
 
 601 
 
WAT 
 
 WIL 
 
 Wa ter-Cure. The system of medical 
 treatment termed Hydropathy, which 
 see. 
 
 Water, Distilled. See Aqua De- 
 
 STILLATA. 
 
 Wa'ter-Dock. The Ru'mex aquat'i- 
 cus or R. Britan' nica hydrolap' athum. 
 
 W T a'ter of Crys-tal-li-za/tion. 
 
 The water which combines with salts in 
 the act of crystallizing. 
 
 W r aters, Distilled. See Aquje Stil- 
 latiti^e. 
 
 Waters, Green. See Green Waters. 
 
 Waters, Mineral. See Aqua: Mine- 
 
 RALES. 
 
 Waters, The. The Liquor amnii. 
 See Primitive. 
 
 Wa ter-spout. A very remarkable 
 meteorological phenomenon observed for 
 the most part at sea, but sometimes also 
 on shore, though generally near the 
 ocean. Its general appearance may be 
 described as follows: from a dense cloud 
 a conical pillar, which appears to con- 
 sist of condensed vapor, is seen to de- 
 scend with the apex downwards. When 
 over the sea, there are usually two 
 cones, — one projecting from the cloud, 
 and the other from the water below it. 
 These sometimes unite, and the junction 
 has been observed to be accompanied by 
 a flash of lightning. 
 
 Wa'ter-Tomes. A name for pyrosis. 
 
 Waved. See Undulate. 
 
 Wax. A name applied to various 
 substances. (See Cera, and Cerumen.) 
 Vegetable wax is a ternary product of 
 vegetation, occurring as an excretion on 
 the surface of leaves and fruits, forming 
 the bloom or glaucous surface which re- 
 pels water. 
 
 Wax-Ker'nels. The popular name 
 for irritated submaxillary glands. 
 
 Weaning. See Ablactation. 
 
 Wedge-Shaped. See Cuneiform. 
 
 Weld. A name for Reseda Luteola, 
 which see. 
 
 Weld'ing. The act of uniting metals 
 by the hammer at a temperature below 
 fusion. Iron (or steel) and platinum are 
 said to be the only metals which can be 
 welded. 
 
 Wen. [Du'pia?] An encysted tu- 
 mor. 
 
 Whartonian Duct. See Duct of 
 Wharton. 
 
 Wheal. An elevation of the skin, as 
 if produced by a stroke from a cane. See 
 Whelk. 
 
 Wheat. The seeds of the Trit'icum 
 hyher'num . 
 
 602 
 
 Wheel-Shaped. See Rotate, and 
 Trochoid. 
 
 Wheezing. See Cerchnus, and 
 Rhonchus. 
 
 Whelk. Similar to wheal; also ap- 
 plied to a small tubercle usually situated 
 on the face, otherwise called Ionthus, 
 which see. 
 
 Whey,hwa. [Se'rum Lac'tis.] The 
 
 fluid part of milk which remains after 
 the separation of the curd. 
 
 Whiskey. See Spiritus Frumenti. 
 
 White Gum. The Strophulus albi- 
 dus. 
 
 White Dead. See Ceruse, and 
 Plumbi Carbonas. 
 
 White Deg. The common name for 
 Phlegmatia Dolens. 
 
 White Pre-cip'I-tate. The Hy- 
 drargyrum ammonia' turn of the United 
 States and British Pharmacopoeias, other- 
 wise called Hydrargyrum pried pita' turn 
 al'bum (“White Precipitated Mercury”), 
 and Submu'rias hydrar'gyri ammonia'ta 
 (“Ammoniated Submuriate of Mer- 
 cury”). Used as an external application 
 in psora, and other cutaneous affections. 
 
 White Swell' ing. A common name 
 for IIydrarthrus, which see. 
 
 White Vit'ri-ol. The sulphate of 
 zinc. See Zinci Sulphas. 
 
 Whi'ten-ing. See Blanching. The 
 carbonate of lime. See Chalk. 
 
 Whites. The popular name for Leu- 
 corrhcea, which see. 
 
 Whitlow'. See Onychia, and Pa- 
 ronychia. 
 
 W T hooping-Cougli. See Pertus- 
 sis. 
 
 Whorl. See Verticil. 
 
 Whorled. Disposed in whorls; ver- 
 ticillate. 
 
 Wild. In Botany, growing sponta- 
 neously ; uncultivated. 
 
 Wild Cherry. See Prunus Virgi- 
 nian a. 
 
 Wild Cucumber. See Momordica 
 Elaterium. 
 
 Wildfire-Rash. See Strophulus 
 Volaticus. 
 
 Wil'lis, Chords of. [Chor'dae 
 Wallis'ii.] Small, white, fibrous bands 
 which in many places cross the superior 
 longitudinal sinus of the brain. 
 
 Wil'lis, Cir'clc of. [Cir'culus 
 
 WuHis'ii.] See Circulus. 
 
 Will-o'-the-Wisp. See Ignis-Fa- 
 TUUS. 
 
 Willow. See Salix. 
 
 Willow', Crack. See Salix Fragi- 
 lis. 
 
WIL 
 
 WOR 
 
 Willow, White. See Salix Alba. 
 
 Wind. See Flatulence. 
 
 Wiml-Blast. See Coup de Vent. 
 
 Wind Brop'sy. A name sometimes 
 applied to Emphysema, which see. 
 
 Wind'pipe. The trachea. 
 
 Wine. [Vi'num.] Properly, the fer- 
 mented juice of the grape, or of fruits 
 the juice of which resembles that of the 
 grape. All products of spirituous fer- 
 mentation are sometimes denominated 
 wines. 
 
 Wine-Madness. See CEnomania. 
 
 Wing*. In Botany, any membranous 
 expansion. See Ala, Penna, and Pinna. 
 
 Winged. See A late, and Pinnate. 
 
 Wing-like Bones. See Alaria 
 
 Ossa. 
 
 Wing-like Veins. See A lares 
 
 Vente. 
 
 Wing-Shaped. See Aliform, Ala- 
 ris, and Pterygoides. 
 
 Wins low, Fo-ra'men of. [Fora'- 
 men Winslo'vii.] A somewhat oval 
 opening, through which the cavity of the 
 omentum communicates with the general 
 peritoneal cavity. 
 
 Wins low, liig'a-ment of. The 
 
 external process of the tendon of the 
 semimembranosus muscle. 
 
 Wins'low, Pos-te'ri-or Ug'a- 
 ment of. Irregular bands passing ob- 
 liquely over the back part of the capsu- 
 lar ligament of the knee-joint. 
 
 Win-te'ra.* [Named from Captain 
 Winter. 1 A Linnsean genus of the class 
 Polyandria, natural order Magnoliacese. 
 
 Winte'ra Ar-o-mat i-ca.* The 
 former name of the Dri'mys aromat'ica, 
 or Dri'mys Winte'ri , from which Winter’s 
 bark is procured. See Winter’s Bark. 
 
 Win-te-ra'na Ca-nel'la.* A name 
 for Canella alba , 
 
 Winteranns Cortex. See Winter’s 
 Bark. 
 
 Win'ter-Crreen. The common name 
 for the Chimajdi' ila umbella'ta ; other- 
 wise called Pyr'ola umbella'ta, and Gaul- 
 the'ria procum'bens. 
 
 Win'ter's Bark. [W T intera'nws 
 Cor'tex.] The bark of the Dri'mys 
 aromat'ica, or Dri'mys Winte'ri; formerly 
 termed Winte'ra aromat'ica. It is a stimu- 
 lant aromatic tonic. 
 
 Wlrt'sung, Buct of. A name for 
 the pancreatic duct. 
 
 Wisdom-Teeth. See Dentes Sapi- 
 
 ENTIAS, 
 
 Withering. See Marc e scent. 
 
 Woad. A name for Isatis tinctoria, 
 a plant formerly used to dye blue. 
 
 Wolf'fi-an Bod'ies. [Cor'pora 
 Wollliaiia, or Corpus Wolflia'- 
 
 num in the singular.] The name given 
 to certain bodies found in the renal 
 region of the foetus previous to the for- 
 mation of the kidneys, the function of 
 which they are supposed to fulfil during 
 the early period of foetal existence. They 
 disappear about the ninth or tenth week 
 of utero-gestation. They were first dis- 
 covered in fowl and described by Wolff, 
 whence their name. 
 
 Wolf's Bane. See Aconitum Na- 
 
 PELLUS. 
 
 Womb. See Uterus ; also, IIystera, 
 Matrix, and Mktra. 
 
 Womb, I iiflammation of. See 
 
 Hysteritis, Metritis, and Uteritis. 
 
 Womb, Inflammation of the 
 Fining Membrane of. See Endo- 
 metritis, and Endo-Uteritis. 
 
 Womb-Passage. See Vagina. 
 
 Womb, Retroflex ion of. See Re- 
 troflexio Uteri. 
 
 Womb, Retroversion of. See 
 
 Retroversio Uteri. 
 
 Wood. [Fig'niim.] The hard 
 
 fibrous substance of which trunks and 
 branches of trees are chiefly composed. 
 See Sap-Wood, and Duramen. 
 
 Wood-Sorrel. A common name of 
 the Oxalis Acetosella, which see. 
 
 Wood y Night shade. The Sola’- 
 num dulcama'ra. 
 
 Wood'y Tissue, or Wood y Fi'- 
 bre. A modification of cellular tissue, 
 consisting of slender, transparent, mem- 
 branous tubes, tapering acutely to each 
 end, which is closed so that they have no 
 direct communication with each other. 
 Woody tissue constitutes a large part of 
 trees and shrubs. It is also called Pleu- 
 ren'chyma. 
 
 Woo-ra'ra.* A very powerful poi- 
 son obtained from Guiana. Written also 
 Curare, which see. 
 
 Wor'mi-i, Os'sa* (“ Bones of Wor- 
 mius”), or Ossa Tri-que'tra. ;;: Names 
 applied to small triangular portions of 
 bone w T hich are often found in the lamb- 
 doid, and sometimes one in the squamous, 
 suture; first pointed out by Wormius. 
 
 Worms. See V ermis. 
 
 Worm'seed. See Chenopodium An- 
 th elm inti cum. Also applied to Arte- 
 misia santonica. 
 
 Worm'seed, Tar-ta'ri-an. A name 
 
 for the seeds of Artemisia santonica. 
 
 Worm' wood. The common name 
 of Artemisia absinthium. Its properties 
 are tonic and anthelmintic. 
 
 603 
 
won 
 
 XAX 
 
 Wort. An infusion of malt. It has 
 been recommended as a remedy in 
 scurvy. 
 
 Wound. [Vul lius, eris.'] A solu- 
 tion of continuity in any of the soft parts 
 of the body, caused by external violence : 
 it may be contused , incised, lacerated, 
 2 >tinctured, or poisoned. 
 
 Contused' Wounds. [ VuVnera Con- 
 tu'sa.~\ Those made by a violent blow 
 from some blunt instrument or sur- 
 face. 
 
 Gun'shot Wounds. [ VuVnera Sclope- 
 ta'ria .] Those caused by metallic or 
 stony bodies projected from firearms. 
 
 Incised' Wounds. [ VuVnera Inci'sa.] 
 Those made by a simple division of 
 the fibres by a sharp cutting instrument, 
 without contusion or laceration. 
 
 Lac'erated Wounds. [ VuVnera Lae r - 
 era.\ Those in which the fibres, instead 
 of being divided by a cutting instrument, 
 have been torn asunder by violence, the 
 edges being jagged and irregular. 
 
 Punc'tured Wounds. [ VuVnera Punc- 
 ta'ta.] Those made by a pointed instru- 
 ment, as a needle, thorn, or bayonet. 
 
 Wrapjier. See Volya. 
 
 Wrinkled. See Rugose. 
 
 Wa’isberg* (ris'beng, or vris'berg), 
 Serves of. The cutaneous nerves of 
 the arm, derived from the second and 
 third dorsal nerves; first particularized 
 by Wrisberg. 
 
 Wrist, rist. [Lat. Carpus; Gr. 
 
 icapTros; Fr. Poignet, pwan'ysP, and Car pc, 
 kanp.] The part which connects the 
 forearm with the hand. It includes 
 eight bones arranged in two transverse 
 rows, four in each row. 
 
 Wrist '-I>rop. Paralysis of the ex- 
 tensor muscles of the hands from the 
 poisonous local action of lead, in con- 
 sequence of which the hand and wrist 
 cannot be supported ; whence the name. 
 
 Wry Jfeck. [Torticollis.] An 
 involuntary fixed inclination of the head 
 towards one of the shoulders. 
 
 X. 
 
 ( X at the beginning of a word is 
 always to be sounded like Z.) 
 
 Xaii-tliem'a-tiii. [XautbaMuati'- 
 na; from lavQog, “ yellow," and hsematV- 
 na, the coloring matter of logwood.] 
 A yellow, bitter substance obtained by 
 dissolving haematin in weak nitric acid. 
 
 Xaai'tliic. [Xan'ttiiciis; from 
 j-avQds, ‘‘yellow.’'] Belonging to a yellow 
 color; yellowish. 
 
 Xaai'tliic Ox'Iile. Another name 
 for uric oxide, a yellowish substance 
 sometimes found in the urine. 
 
 Xaii'tlfiiii. [XaiatSii'na ; from \av- 
 06s, “yellow.”] A peculiar organic sub- 
 stance sometimes forming a species of 
 urinary calculus; also called xanthic, or 
 uric, oxide, and urinous acid. Also ap- 
 plied to the coloring matter of madder. 
 
 Xan-tlio-ear'poais. [Xaaithocar'- 
 pais; from “yellow,” and tcapnog, 
 
 “fruit.”] Having yellow fruit. 
 
 Xaii-tlio-cej>Ia'a-laas.* [From lav- 
 Oo;, “yellow,” and KtyaXfj, a “head.”] 
 Applied to a mushroom the capitnlum of 
 which is yellow ; also, as a specific name 
 to animals having a yellow head. 
 
 Xan'tho-don, on 'tfo.* [From £av- 
 06s, “yellow,” and o5ovs, a “tooth.”] 
 Having yellow teeth : xanthodon'tous. 
 
 Xaai'tlio-gen. [Xaiitlioge'iiimn ; 
 from lavQd;, “yellow,” and yevvauo, to 
 604 
 
 “produce.”] A variety of the coloring 
 matter of vegetables, producing a yellow 
 color with alkalies. 
 
 Xan ' tlio-pliy 11. [ Xaia t liopli y 1 
 
 linn; from lavidg, “yellow,” and (pvW ov, 
 a “ plant.”] The yellow coloring matter 
 of plants. 
 
 Xan-thor-rtii'za.* (“ Yellow- 
 
 Root.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
 (U.S. Ph.) for the root of the Xanthor - 
 rhiza apii folia. It is a bitter tonic. 
 
 Xan -flic's is.* [From lavOos, “yel- 
 low.”] A coloring matter or yellow 
 pigment found in cancer, in irregular 
 spots of small extent, presenting some- 
 times a saffron, at others an orange, 
 tint. 
 
 Xantlioxylacese,* zan-thox-i-la'- 
 she-e. [From Xanthox'ylum, one of the 
 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
 trees and shrubs, found in India, China, 
 and in the temperate and tropical parts 
 of America. The species are nearly all 
 aromatic and pungent. 
 
 Xaii-tliox'y-Iiim.* Prickly Ash. 
 The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
 the bark of the Xanthox'ylum fraxin'emn. 
 It is a stimulant, somewhat resembling 
 guaiac and mezereon in its operation, 
 and, like them, is frequently used as a 
 remedy in rheumatic affections. 
 
 Xaii'tliu-ret. [Xaiitliure'tuni \ 
 
XER 
 
 YUC 
 
 from ZavOdg, “yellow.”] A combination 
 of xanthogen with a metal. 
 
 Xer-o-der'nia, a tin.* [From Inpdg, 
 “dry,” and ieppa, the “skin.”] A dry- 
 ness and harshness of the skin, the con- 
 sequence of diminished function of the 
 sebi parous glands. 
 
 Xer-oplB-tlial'mi-a.* [From {nfrig, 
 “dry,” and 6;[)Qa\p6g, the “eye.”] An 
 inflammation of the eye without dis- 
 charge. 
 
 Xiptioid. [Xiphoi'des; from 
 £:r/o;, a “ sword.”] Resembling a sword; 
 ensiform. 
 
 Xi phoid Car'ti-Iage. [Oartila'go 
 Xiplioi'des.] A cartilaginous epiphy- 
 sis forming the termination of the infe- 
 rior extremity of the sternum; the ensi- 
 form cartilage. 
 
 Xi-pBfioi'di-an. [Xiphoidia'nus ; 
 
 from x iphoi'des cartila'go.] Of, or be- 
 longing to, the xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 Xy-lo-ear'pons. [Xylocar'pus ; 
 from %v\oi', “wood,” and Kapndg, “fruit.”] 
 Having woody fruit. 
 
 Xy-log'ra-pliy. [From £t;Aov,“ wood,” 
 and ypi'upa), to “write,” or “engrave.”] 
 The art of engraving on wood. 
 
 Xy'Ioid. [Xyloi'des; from lv\ov, 
 “wood,” and e ifog, a “form.”] Resem- 
 bling wood. See Ligniform. 
 
 Xy-loi'din. [Xylouli'na; from 
 the same.] A substance produced by the 
 action of nitric acid upon starch : so 
 named because partaking slightly of the 
 properties of wood. 
 
 Xy-lopli'i-loiis. [Xyloph'ilus ; 
 
 from $v\ os, “wood,” and 0<X«o, to “love.”] 
 Growing upon, or living in, decayed 
 wood. Applied to plants and insects. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yanu. The esculent root or tuber of 
 several species of Diosco'rea, a plant 
 which grows in the East and West 
 Indies. The Yam forms an important 
 article of food. 
 
 Yarrow. See Achillea Millefo- 
 lium. 
 
 Yava (y&/va) Skin. A name given 
 to Elephantiasis Arabum, from its being 
 supposed to originate from drinking the 
 beverage called yava. See Elephan- 
 tiasis. 
 
 Yawning-. See Pandiculation. 
 
 Yaws. The disease termed f rambcesi a. 
 
 Yeast. See Fermentum Ce revisial 
 
 Yeast '-Plant. Tor'ii la Cerevis'ise. 
 A microscopic fungous plant which is 
 supposed to contribute to the process of 
 fermentation. 
 
 Yelk. [Vitel'lus.] The yellow 
 granular mass in the eggs of birds; 
 also, the corresponding, and strictly 
 analogous, portion of the ovum of mam- 
 mals; also called yolk. 
 
 Yellow. See Flavus. 
 
 Yel'low Fe'ver. (Fr. Fievre Jaune, 
 feAva' [or fe-eva'] zhon.) A remittent 
 fever, with yellow skin from disorder of 
 the hepatic system: termed also Ty’jyhus 
 ictero'des, and Syn'ochus ictero'des, Bulam 
 fever, Vom'ito ni'gro, etc. 
 
 Yel'low Wash. A lotion formed of 
 
 two grains of oxymuriate of mercury to 
 an ounce of lime-water. 
 
 Yest. See Yeast, or Fermentum. 
 
 Yenk. The same as Youk. 
 
 Yoked. See Conjugate. 
 
 Yolk. See Yelk. 
 
 Yonk. Popular (Scotch) term for 
 Scabies ; also called, in some districts, 
 Yuck. 
 
 You 111, yooth. [A contraction of 
 youngth, the “quality or state of being 
 young,” as Truth signifies the “quality 
 of being true.”] Usually employed in 
 the same sense as adolescence. See AStas. 
 
 Yt'tri-a.* [From Ytterby, in Swe- 
 den.] One of the primitive earths. 
 
 Yt'tric. [Yt'tricus.] Belonging 
 to yttrium. 
 
 Yt'tri-co-Ain-mon'i-eiis,* Y t'trl- 
 
 co-Fo-ttas'sI-cus.* Applied to combi- 
 nations of an yttric salt with a salt of 
 ammonia and potassa. 
 
 Yt-trif'er-ous. (Yttrif'erus; from 
 yt'tria, and fe'ro, to k bear.”] Contain- 
 ing yttria. 
 
 Yt'tra-um.^ The i^etallic base of 
 yttria, — so named because it was discov- 
 ered at Ytterby, in Sweden. It is of a 
 dark- gray color. 
 
 Yu'ca. The name of a Scut 1, Ameri- 
 can plant from which the natives prepare 
 an intoxicating beverage. 
 
 605 
 
ZAM 
 
 ZIZ 
 
 Z. 
 
 Za'*m-a.* A cyeadaceous West In- 
 dian plant, which yields a sort of arrow- 
 root. 
 
 Zantliic Oxide. See Xanthic Oxide. 
 
 Zanthin. See Xanthin. 
 
 Ze'a Mays.- The systematic name 
 of the maize, or Indian corn, a plant 
 of the Linnaean class Moncecia , natural 
 order Graminacese. It is a native of 
 America. 
 
 Zecl'o-a-ry. A name given to the 
 roots or tubers of Ksempfe'ria rotun'da , 
 or Curcu'ma arornat' ica. They are stimu- 
 lant and carminative. 
 
 Ze'nith. (From the Arabic.) That 
 point in the heavens directly over our 
 heads, and opposed to the nadir. 
 
 Ze'ro. [Italian, zero , dza/ro, a " ci- 
 pher,” or "naught.”] A term generally 
 used in reference to the thermometer, 
 implying the point at which the gradua- 
 tion commences. The zero of Reaumur’s 
 and the Centigrade thermometer is the 
 freezing point of water. The zero of 
 Fahrenheit is 32° below the point at 
 which water freezes. 
 
 Ze-rum'bet, Cas-su-mu'iiiar. An 
 aromatic, bitter East Indian root, having 
 tonic and stimulant properties, and simi- 
 lar to ginger. 
 
 Zig-zag 1 . See Flexuous. 
 
 Zinc, Chloride of. See Zinci Chlo- 
 ridum. 
 
 Zinc, Sulphate of. See Zinci Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Zin'$i Car-bo'nas* ("Carbonate of 
 Zinc”); also called Cal-a-mi'na,#and 
 CaT a- mine. It is used externally in 
 the form of a powder or cerate applied to 
 excoriations. 
 
 Zin'$i Chlo'ri-diim.* (" Chloride of 
 Zinc.”) A white, deliquescent salt. It is 
 antiseptic and powerfully escharotic. 
 
 Zin'$i Oxi-dum.* ("Oxide of 
 Zinc.”) A yellowish-white powder used 
 as a tonic and antispasmodic. 
 
 Zin'^i Sul'phas.* ("Sulphate of 
 Zinc.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || for 
 a substance in colorless crystals which 
 effloresce on exposure to the air. It is 
 emetic, tonio, and antispasmodic. It is 
 sometimes called White Vitriol. 
 
 Zin'$ic. [Zin'cicus,] Belonging 
 to zinc. 
 
 Zin-sif'er-ous. [Zincif'erus; from 
 zin'cum, "zinc,” and fe’ro, to "bear.”] 
 Containing zino. 
 
 606 
 
 Zm'coid. [Zincoi'des; from zin'- 
 cum, "zinc,” and eU oj, a "form.”] Re- 
 sembling zinc. A term applied to the 
 platinum (or other metallic) plate which 
 is in connection with a copper plate in 
 the voltaic circle, and denoting the posi- 
 tive pole or positive electrode. The pla- 
 tinum plate is called zincoid , because it 
 takes the place of the zinc in the voltaic 
 circle. 
 
 Ziii'cum.* Zinc. The Pharmaco- 
 poeial name for a bluish-white metal hav- 
 ing the specific gravity 6.8. It is malle- 
 able and ductile when its temperature is 
 between 220° and 320°. After having 
 been superficially oxidized, it long resists 
 the further action of air and water. In 
 commerce it is often called spelter. 
 
 Zin'gi-ber,* gen. Zin-gib'e-ri$. 
 [Gr. SiyyiSspig, or (, lyyiSep .] A Linnaean 
 genus of the class Monandria, natural 
 order Z ingiber acese. Also, the Pharma- 
 copoeial name for the root of the Zingiber 
 officinale. It is a grateful stimulant and 
 carminative. 
 
 Zin 'giber Of-fi$-i-na'Ie.* The sys- 
 tematic name of the ginger-plant; called, 
 also, Amo' mum Zin' giber. 
 
 Zingiberaceje,* zin-je-be-ra'she-e. 
 A natural order of endogenous herba- 
 ceous plants, found within the tropics. 
 Several species of this order are valued 
 for the aromatic stimulating properties 
 of their roots or rhizomes. It includes 
 Zin' giber (Ginger), Alpin'ia (Galangale), 
 and Curcu'ma , from which turmeric is 
 procured. 
 
 Zinn, Zo'nule of. A little zone on 
 the vitreous humor of the eye, for re- 
 ceiving the crystalline lens; first par- 
 ticularized by Zinn. 
 
 Zir'con. A mineral chiefly composed 
 of zirconia and silica, found in the sand 
 of the rivers of Ceylon. 
 
 Zir-co'ni-a.* One of the primitive 
 earths. 
 
 Zir-co'ni-an. [Zircon ia'nus.] Con- 
 taining zircon. 
 
 Zir-con'ic. [Zircon'icus.] Be- 
 longing to zirconium. 
 
 Zir-co'ni-iiin.- The metallic base 
 of zirconia. It is obtained in the form 
 of a black powder. 
 
 Zi-za'ni-a A-quat'i-ca.* The sys- 
 tematic name of wild rice, an American 
 plant of the natural order Graminacese. 
 The seeds are used as food. 
 
ZIZ 
 
 zoo 
 
 Ziz'y-pbus.* A genus of plants 
 from which jujube paste is procured. It 
 belongs to the natural order lihamna- 
 cese. 
 
 Zo-an-thro'pl-a.* [From £wo v, an 
 “animal,” and ihOpwirog, a “man.”] A 
 kind of monomania, in which a patient 
 imagines that he is an animal. 
 
 Zo'di-ac. [Zodi'acus; from &diov, 
 diminutive of i \dov , an “animal:” so 
 named because the groups of stars in it 
 were fancied to represent the figures of 
 various animals.] An imaginary zone or 
 belt surrounding the heavens, extending 
 about 8° on each side of the ecliptic, 
 and coinciding with the region of the 
 heavens within which the apparent mo- 
 tions of the sun, moon, and greater 
 planets are confined. The zodiac is 
 divided into twelve equal parts, called 
 signs, designated by the names of the 
 constellations, with the places of which 
 the signs anciently corresponded. 
 
 Zoi-at'ri-ca.* [From (,wov, an “ani- 
 mal,” and iarpeia, “medical treatment.”] 
 Veterinary art, or veterinary medicine: 
 zoiatrics. 
 
 Ztt-is'miis.* [From (a>oj/, an “ani- 
 mal.”] The process of animal life: 
 zo'ism. 
 
 Zoml-din. [Zo mid in a; from £w- 
 pog, “broth or juice from meat.”] A con- 
 stituent of the extract of flesh. 
 
 Zo'na.* [From ^vwpi, to “gird.”] 
 A zone or girdle. The shingles; a popu- 
 lar term for Herpes zoster. 
 
 Zo na Pel-lu'ci-da.* (“ Pellucid 
 Zone.”) The broad transparent ring 
 which surrounds the yelk (or yolk) in 
 the centre of the ovum. 
 
 Zone. [Lat. Zo'na; Gr. &vri, a 
 “ girdle,” or “belt.”] In Astronomy, a 
 portion of the celestial sphere included 
 between two parallel circles. In Geogra- 
 phy, the terrestrial zones are the five 
 broad spaces or belts into which the sur- 
 face of the earth is divided by the two 
 tropics and the polar circles: namely, 
 the torrid zone, the north and south 
 temperate zones, the north frigid zone, 
 and the south frigid zone. 
 
 Zo'nule. [Zoiiulus; diminutive of 
 zo'na , a “zone.”] A little zone or girdle. 
 
 Zo-o-bi-o-tis'mus.* [From ^wov, an 
 “animal,” and fiio;, “life.”] The condi- 
 tion of animals: zoobi'otism. 
 
 Zo-o-cam' bi-uni.* [From &ov, an 
 “animal,” and cam'bium, “exchange.”] 
 The vital juices of animals, in which the 
 blood-cells are formed; the liquor san- 
 guinis. 
 
 Zo-o-ch em 'I -cal. [Zoochem'icus.] 
 
 Pertaining to zoochemy. 
 
 Zo-ocli'e-iny. [Zooche'mia; from 
 £c3oi/, an “animal,” and che'mia, “chemis' 
 try.”] Animal chemistry, or the cherni 
 cal analysis of animal substances. 
 
 Zo-o£'e-ny. [Zoogen esis, or Zo- 
 oge'nia; from £c oor, an “animal,” and 
 yevvaio, to “generate.”] The generating 
 of animals^ or the doctrine of the forma- 
 tion of animals. 
 
 Zo-o-go-iid'o-g-y. [Zoogonolo - 
 
 gfia; from zoogo'nia, “zoogony,” and 
 \6yog, a “discourse.”] The doctrine of 
 the origin or development of animal life. 
 
 Zo-og'o-nus.* [See next article.] 
 Bearing living young, as opposed to ovi- 
 parous. See Viviparous. 
 
 Zo-og'o-ny. [Zoogo'nia; from ^dov, 
 an “animal,” and yosi ), “generation.”] 
 The bearing or producing of living 
 young. 
 
 Zo-og'ra-pliy. [Zoogra'phia ; 
 
 from &OV, an “animal,” and ypeupej, to 
 “write.”] A description of animals. 
 
 Zo'o-litc. [Zool itSms: from $wov, 
 an “animal,” and \i6og, a “stone.”] Any 
 specimen or part of a fossil or petrified 
 animal. 
 
 Zo'o-litBi. The same as Zoolite. 
 
 ZfvO-ll-tliif 'er-us.* [From zool'i- 
 tlius, a “zoolite,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
 Containing fossil remains of animals. 
 
 Zo-o-logr'I-cal. Relating to zoology. 
 
 Zo-ol'o-gist. One who is versed in 
 zoology. 
 
 Zo-ol'o-gy. [Zoolo'g-ia; from &ov, 
 an “animal,” and \6yog, a “discourse.”] 
 That branch of Natural History which 
 treats of animals, their form, nature, 
 and habits; the science of animals. The 
 animal kingdom has been divided by 
 Cuvier into four sub-kingdoms, or grand 
 divisions, viz. : — 1. Vertebra' ta, or Verte- 
 brates; 2. Mollus'ca, or Mollusks (other- 
 wise called Heteroganglia' ta , from the un- 
 symmetrical arrangement of the ganglia, 
 or nervous centres); 3. Articula'ta, or 
 Articulated Animals, including insects, 
 crustaceans, etc. : this division is also 
 termed Homoganglia' ta, from the sym- 
 metrical arrangement of the ganglia; 
 and, 4. Radia'ta, or Radiated Animals, 
 including the star-fish, polypi, etc. For a 
 more particular notice, see Vertebrata, 
 Mollusca, etc. 
 
 Zo'on.* [Gr. &or ; from (aw, to “ live.”] 
 A word signifying an “animal,” a “liv- 
 ing being.” 
 
 Zo-on'o-my. [Zoono'mia: from 
 oor, an “animal,” and vopog, a “law.”] 
 607 
 
zoo 
 
 zz 
 
 The science which treats of the laws of 
 animal organic life, or the laws which 
 govern the organic actions of animals. 
 
 Zo-opli'a-gous. [Zoopli'agus ; 
 
 from (, toui an “animal,” and 0dyw, to 
 “eat.”] Living on animal food; car- 
 nivorous. 
 
 Zo'o-ptiyte. [Zooph'ytum ; from 
 $wov, an “.animal,” and (j, vtov , a “plant.”] 
 An animal plant, or body apparently 
 intermediate between an animal and vege- 
 table, being supposed to partake of the 
 nature of both, but incorrectly. This 
 term was applied by Cuvier to one of the 
 primary divisions cf animals. 
 
 Zo'o-phy-tog'ra-phy. [Zoophy- 
 togra'piaia ; from zooph'ytum , a “ zoo- 
 phyte,” and ypd<poj, to “write.”] A de- 
 scription of zoophytes. 
 
 Zoo-pSiy-tol'c-gy. [Zoopliyto- 
 lo'gia; from zooph'ytum, a “zoophyte,” 
 and X6yo$, a “discourse.”] A treatise on 
 zoophytes; the science of zoophytes. 
 
 Zoo-psy-<*tiol'o-gy. [Zoopsy- 
 cliolo'gia; from t,ioov, an “animal,” 
 and psycholo'yia, “psychology.”] The 
 doctrine of the existence of mind in 
 brute animals. 
 
 Zo'o-spores. [From zo'on, an “ani- 
 mal,” and spo'ra, a “spore.”] Applied 
 to the spores or spermatozoids of certain 
 Alya 1 , so named because they possess the 
 power of spontaneous motion, thus re- 
 sembling animals. 
 
 Zo-ot'ic. [Zoot'ieus ; from an 
 “animal.”] Applied to a rock or soil 
 containing the ddbris of organized bodies. 
 
 Zo-ot'o-niEst. [See next article.] 
 
 One who dissects animals. 
 
 Zo-ot'o-my. [Zooto'mia; from 
 S<mv, an “animal,” and rqmo, to “cut.”] 
 Dissection of the lower animals, as dis- 
 tinguished from the dissection of man; 
 also, the anatomy of animals. 
 
 Zos'ter, e'r is.% [From l&vi wyt, to 
 “gird.”] A species of erysipelas which 
 extends round the body, like a zone or 
 girdle. See Herpes Zoster. 
 
 Zumology. See Zymology. 
 
 Zyg-a-poph'y-sis.* [From &y6$, a 
 “yoke,” or “junction,” and anrotyvoiq, an 
 “offshoot.”] The supero-lateral process 
 of a vertebra, by which it is connected 
 with the adjoining vertebra. 
 
 Zy-S 10 ' 111 ?? a tis* [Gr. Ivyuya, the 
 “zygomatic arch.”] The cheek-bone 
 ( os jay ale, or os malic). 
 
 Zyg-o-mat'ic. [Zygomat'ieus.] 
 Belonging to the zygoma. 
 
 Zygomatic Arch. The bony arch 
 608 
 
 which connects the malar bone with the 
 squamosal portion of the temporal, and 
 encloses the temporal muscle. 
 
 Zygomat'ic Process. A thin 
 narrow projection of bone, bounding the 
 squamous portion of the temporal bone 
 at its base. 
 
 Zy-go-mat i-cns Major.* (“ Great- 
 er Zygomatic [Muscle].”) A muscle 
 arising from the cheek-bone and inserted 
 into the angle of the mouth. 
 
 Zyg'omat'icus Mi'nor.® (“Lesser 
 Zygomatic [Muscle]/’) A muscle arising 
 from the cheek-bone (a little higher up 
 than the preceding) and inserted into 
 the upper lip near the angle of the 
 mouth. . It is often wanting. This 
 muscle and the preceding raise the 
 angles of the mouth, as in laughter: 
 hence the term distortor oris (“distorter 
 of the mouth”) has been applied to them. 
 
 Zygophyllaceae,^ zi-go-fil-la'she-e. 
 [From Zyyophyl’ him, one of the genera.] 
 A natural order of exogenous plants, 
 found in the hotter parts of the world. 
 The ligneous plants of this order are 
 remarkable for the extreme hardness of 
 their wood. It includes the Guai'acum, 
 or Liy'num vi'tie. 
 
 Zyg-o-plByl'lum-* [From £uydf, a 
 “yoke,” and (fvXXov , a “leaf.”] Applied 
 to a leaf composed of a pair of leaflets 
 as if yoked together. 
 
 Zy-molo-gy, or Zii-molo-gy. 
 [Zymolo'gia ; from Svprj, “leaven,” and 
 Xoyog, a “discourse.”] A treatise on fer- 
 mentation, or the science of fermenta- 
 tion. 
 
 Zy-mo'ma, a tis* [From £ipdw, to 
 “ ferment.”] Leaven ; a fermented mix- 
 ture. 
 
 Zy-mo-si-oin'e-ter. [Zymosfom'- 
 etrum ; from “fermentation,” 
 
 and p&pov, a “measure.”] An instru- 
 ment for ascertaining the degrees of 
 fermentation. 
 
 Zy-mo'sis.* [From $rp6io, to “fer- 
 ment.”] Fermentation; also applied to 
 those diseases depending on miasmata 
 for their origin, and called endemic, epi- 
 demic, contagious, etc., as expressing also 
 the mode in which morbid poisons act 
 on the animal economy. 
 
 Zy-mot'ic. [Zymot'lcus ; from 
 “leaven,” cr {vfuoms, “fermentation.”] 
 Applied to those diseases which seem to 
 be occasioned by a virus or poison, 
 operating like leaven. 
 
 Z. Z. = anciently “myrrh;” now 
 “zinziber,” or ginger. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA 611 
 
 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, FTC 660 
 
 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS 680 
 
 TABLE OF DOSES 692 
 
 CHEMICAL SYMBOLS 697 
 
 TABLE OF DISPUTED PRONUNCIATIONS 698 
 
 CULLEN’S NOSOLOGY 700 
 
 GOOD’S NOSOLOGY , 703 
 
 010 
 
TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 It is proper to state that for the plan of the following table the editor is in- 
 debted to Dr. George B. Wood, whose system of classification, as presented in 
 ihe Syllabus of his lectures delivered at the University of Pennsylvania, has 
 been substantially, and, indeed, with a few exceptions, rigidly, followed. One 
 of the classes (the Excito- Motor Stimulants) has been introduced from Dr. Carson’s 
 “ Synopsis.” 
 
 The great advantages of classification in every department of science, in assist- 
 ing the memory and enabling the student to take in at a single glance a mul- 
 titude of associated facts, are too obvious and too generally recognized to require 
 to be enforced by any array of argument. Nor is it necessary to dwell upon the 
 difficulties with which every attempt to classify the infinitely varied productions 
 of nature must necessarily be attended. The editor is fully aware that no 
 system of classification can be devised to which some objections cannot be 
 urged; suffice it to say, that he has, after mature deliberation, adopted that 
 system which on the whole appeared to present the greatest advantages, and 
 to be exposed to the fewest objections. It is proper to say, for the information 
 of the reader, that as a number of substances occur which possess various and 
 distinct medicinal properties, and which cannot therefore with propriety be referred 
 to any one class exclusively, it has been deemed best to give such articles a place 
 in two or more different classes, usually with a reference to that particular class 
 to which they seemed to have the strongest claims. Compare Cornus Florida, 
 given as a tonic and astringent, and Pluinbi Acetas, given as an astringent and 
 arterial sedative. When it has appeared somewhat doubtful whether an article 
 was fairly entitled to a place in the list in which it has been inserted, a point of 
 interrogation has been prefixed. 
 
 When a reference is made from one name to another, the name referred to 
 is always to he sought in the same list (section or class) as that from which the refer- 
 ence is made. For example: in the class of Astringents there is a reference from 
 “Blackberry Root” to Rubus, which must be sought for in the same section (that 
 is, among the Vegetable Astringents). It is especially important to bear this in 
 mind when there are several sections in one class, as in the case of the Tonics, 
 Diaphoretics, etc. 
 
 It is to be observed that the following table is limited for the most part to 
 the simple articles of the Materia Medica and such preparations as have a dis- 
 tinctive and peculiar character of their own: as, Calomel, Carbonic Acid Water, 
 Turpeth Mineral, etc. The reader will not, therefore, look for those multitudinous 
 preparations which are merely modifications as to form of the medicinal prin- 
 ciples found in the simpler articles of the Materia Medica. 
 
 611 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 CLASS I. — Astringents 613 
 
 Section I. — Vegetable Astringents 613 
 
 II. — Mineral Astringents 614 
 
 CLASS II. — Tonics 615 
 
 Section I. — Pure or Simple Bitters 615 
 
 II. — Bitters of Peculiar or Modified Properties 616 
 
 III. — Febrifuge Tonics 617 
 
 IV. — Aromatics 618 
 
 V. — Mineral Tonics ’. 620 
 
 CLASS III. — Arterial Stimulants 622 
 
 CLASS IV. — Nervous Stimulants 622 
 
 CLASS V. — Cerebral Stimulants 624 
 
 CLASS VI. — Arter"ial Sedatives 626 
 
 CLASS VII. — Nervous Sedatives 627 
 
 CLASS VIII.— Emetics 628 
 
 Section I. — Vegetable Emetics 628 
 
 II. — Mineral Emetics 629 
 
 CLASS IX.— Cathartics 630 
 
 Section I. — Vegetable Cathartics 630 
 
 II. — Mineral Cathartics 632 
 
 CLASS X.— Diuretics 634 
 
 CLASS XI. — Diaphoretics .• 637 
 
 Section I. — Nauseating Diaphoretics 637 
 
 II. — Refrigerant Diaphoretics 637 
 
 III. — Stimulating and Alterative Diaphoretics 638 
 
 CLASS XII. — Expectorants * 639 
 
 CLASS XIII. — Emmenagogues 640 
 
 CLASS XIV. — Sialagogues 641 
 
 CLASS XV.— Errhines ".... 641 
 
 CLASS XVI. — Epispastics 642 
 
 CLASS XVII. — Rubefacients 643 
 
 CLASS XVIII. — Escharotics 643 ' 
 
 CLASS XIX. — Demulcents 645 
 
 CLASS XX.— Emollients 646 
 
 CLASS XXI. — Alteratives : 647 
 
 CLASS XXII.— Antacids 649 
 
 CLASS XXIII. — Anthelmintics 650 
 
 CLASS XXIV. — Disinfectants and Antiseptics 651 
 
 CLASS XXV. — Excito-Motor Stimulants 653 
 
 612 
 
TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA, 
 
 CLASS I. 
 
 ASTRINGENTS. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH PRODUCE CONTRACTION OF THE LIVING TISSUES. 
 
 SECTION I— Vegetable Astringents. 
 
 Aca'cia Cat'echu. See Catechu. 
 
 A^'iduan Oal'licuin. (U S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Gallic Acid. An acid prepared 
 from Galls, occurring. in acicular prisms 
 nearly colorless. 
 
 A^'uliim Tan' ii team. (U S. and 
 
 Br. Ph.) Tannic Acid. A pale-yellow 
 amorphous powder, having a strongly 
 astringent taste, obtained from nutgalls. 
 
 Alum Root. See Heucliera. 
 
 Ar'butus U’va Ur'si. See Uva Ursi. 
 
 Arctostaph' ylos Uva Ursi. See Uva 
 Ursi. 
 
 Aspid’ium Fi'lix Mas. See Fllix 
 Mas. 
 
 Bearberry. See Uva Ursi. 
 
 Be'la. (Br. Ph.) Bael. The half-ripe 
 fruit of AE'gle Mar'melos dried. 
 
 Bistort. See Polygonum Ristorta. 
 
 Black Alder. See Prinos. 
 
 Blackberry Root. See Rubus. 
 
 Plack Oak Bark. See t^uercus Tmc- 
 toria. 
 
 Blunt-Leaved Bock. See Sumex ©b- 
 tusifolius. 
 
 Casta' nea Pu'mila. Chinquapin. The 
 bark is used as an astringent tonic. 
 
 Cat'echu. (U.S. Ph.) An extract 
 prepared principally from the wood of 
 Acacia catechu. 
 
 Cat'ecliu Xi'gi’um. (Br. Ph.) Black 
 Catechu. An extract of Acacia catechu. 
 
 Cat'echu Pal lidum. (Br. Ph.) Pale 
 Catechu. An extract from the Unca'ria 
 gam'bir. 
 
 Chimaph'ila. (U.S. Ph.) Pipsis- 
 sewa. The leaves of the Chimaph'ila 
 umhella'ta. See Class X. 
 
 Ch.nquapin. See Castauea Purnila. 
 
 Cor'nus Circina'ta. (U.S. Ph.) 
 
 52 * 
 
 Round-Leaved Dogwood. See Class II., 
 Section III. 
 
 Cor'nus Flor'ida. (U.S. Ph.) Dog- 
 wood. See Class II., Section III. 
 
 Cor'nusSeri^'ea. (U.S.Ph.) Swamp 
 Dogwood. See Class II., Section III. 
 Cranesbill. See Geranium. 
 Dewberry Root. See Rubus. 
 IMos'pyros. (U.S. Ph.) Persimmon. 
 The unripe fruit of Dios'pyros Virgi- 
 nia' na. 
 
 Dogwood. See Corntis Florida. 
 
 Elm Bark. See FI in us. 
 
 Fern Root. See Filix Mas, or Filix. 
 ? Fi'lix. (Br. Ph.) Fern Root. The 
 same as Fiflix Mas. 
 
 ? Fi'lix Mas. (U.S. Ph.) Male Fern. 
 See Class XXI IT. 
 
 Frostwort, or Frostweed. See Keli- 
 antheinum. 
 
 Gal'la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Xutgall. 
 Galls, xi morbid excrescence upon the 
 Quercus infectoria. 
 
 Gallic Acid. See Acidum Galli- 
 cuni. 
 
 Galls, or Gall Nuts. See Galla. 
 Gera'niuni. (U.S. Ph.) Cranesbill. 
 The rhizoma of Gera'nium macula'tum. 
 
 Ge'um. (U.S. Ph.) Water Avens. 
 The root of Ge'um riva'le. 
 
 Grania'ti Fruc'tus Cor'tex. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Pomegranate Rind. The rind of 
 the fruit of Pu'nica grana'tnm. 
 
 Maematox'ylon, or Haematox'y- 
 luni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Logwood. The 
 wood of Hsematox'ylon Campechia’ num. 
 Hardhack. See Spiraea, 
 llelian'themum. (U.S. Ph.) Frost- 
 wort. The herb of Helian' ihemum Cana- 
 den'se. 
 
 ? Ilepat'ica. (U.S.Ph.) Liverwort. 
 The leaves of Ilepat'ica America'na . 
 
 613 
 
ASTRINGENTS. 
 
 Heuche'ra. (U.S. Ph.) Alum Root. 
 The root of Heuche' ra America' na. 
 
 Ki no. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The in- 
 spissated juice of Pterocar'pus marsu'- 
 pium, and of other plants. 
 
 , Krame'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Rhatany. The root of Krame'ria. tri- 
 an’dra (U.S. Ph.). The dried root of 
 Kramer ia triandra (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Liverwort. See Hepatica. 
 
 Logwood. See Hsematoxylou. 
 
 Lyc'opus. (U.S. Ph.) Bugleweed. 
 The herb of Lyc'opus Virgin' icus. 
 
 Male Fern. See Filix Mas. 
 
 Marsh Rosemary. See Statice. 
 
 Oak Bark. See Quercus. 
 
 Persimmon. See Piospyros. 
 
 Pipsissewa. See Chimaphila. 
 
 Polygonum Bistor'ta. Bistort. 
 
 Potentil'la Tormentil'la . See Tor- 
 ment!] la. 
 
 Pri'nos. (U.S. Ph.) Black Alder. 
 The bark of Pri'nos verticilla'tus. 
 
 Plerocar' pus Marsu'pium. See Kino. 
 
 Quer'cus. (Br. Ph.) Oak Bark. The 
 bark of Quer'cus pedmn ula'ta. 
 
 Quer'cus Al'ba. (U.S. Ph.) White 
 Oak Bark. The bark of Quercus alba. 
 
 Quer'cus Tn/ecto'ria. See Galla. 
 
 Quer'cus Tincto'ria. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Black Oak Bark. The bark of Quercus 
 tinctoria. 
 
 Red Rose. See Rosa Gallica. 
 
 Rhatany. See Krameria. 
 
 lUius (da brum. (U.S. Ph.) Su- 
 mach. The fruit of Rhus glabrum. 
 
 Rind of the Pomegranate. See Gra- 
 nati Friictus Cortex. 
 
 Rock Rose. See Melianthemum. 
 
 Ito'sa Gal lica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Red Rose. The petals of Rosa Gallica. 
 
 Round-Leaved Dogwood. See €or- 
 mis Circinaia. 
 
 Ru'bus. (U.S. Ph.) Dewberry Root. 
 Blackberry Root. The root of Ru'bus 
 Cana den' sis and of Ru'bus villo'sus. 
 
 Ru' mex Obtusifo' lius. Blunt-leaved 
 
 Dock. 
 
 ?Sa'lix. (U.S. Ph.) Willow. Thebark 
 of Sa'lix al'ba. See Class II., Section III. 
 
 Spiraea. (U.S. Ph.) Hardhack. The 
 root of Spirse'a tomento' sa. 
 
 Statice. (U.S. Ph.) Marsh Rose- 
 mary. The root of Stat'ice Limo'nium, 
 variety Carolinia'na. 
 
 Sumach. See Rhus Glabrum. 
 
 Swamp Dogwood. See Cornus Seri- 
 cea. 
 
 Tannic Acid. See Acidum Tanni- 
 cum. 
 
 Tormentil. See Tormentilla. 
 
 614 
 
 Tormentil'la. (U.S. Ph.) Tormentil. 
 
 The root of Potentil'la tormentil' la. 
 
 Ul'mus. (Br. Ph.) Elm Bark. See 
 Class XIX. 
 
 U'va IJr'si. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
 leaves of Ar'butus Uva Ur si, or Arcto- 
 staph’ylos Uva Ur si. 
 
 Vi'num Porten'se. (U.S. Ph.) Port 
 Wine. Otherwise called Vinum rubrurn 
 (Red Wine). See Class V. 
 
 Water Avens. See Geum. 
 
 White Oak Bark. See Quercus 
 Alba. 
 
 SECTION II —Mineral Astringents, 
 Acetate of Lead. See Plumbi Ace- 
 tas. 
 
 Acetate of Zinc. See Zinci Acetas. 
 A^'idum Sulphu'ricuni Aroinat - 
 icum. (U.S. Ph.) Aromatic Sulphuric 
 Acid. 
 
 Alum. See Alumen, 
 
 Alu'men. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Alum. 
 Sulphate of Alumina and Potassa. A 
 salt in colorless crystalline masses, hav- 
 ing an acid, sweetish, astringent taste. 
 
 A’ qua Cal' cis. See Liquor Calcis. 
 Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. See Aci- 
 dum Sulpliuricum Aromaticum. 
 Blue Vitriol. See Cupri Sulphas. 
 Calx Chlora'ta. (Br. Ph.) Chlori- 
 nated Lime. 
 
 Calx Chlorina'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Chlo- 
 rinated Lime, or Chloride of Lime. 
 Carbonate of Lead. See Plumbi 
 
 Carbonas. 
 
 Cerate of Subacetate of Lead. See 
 
 Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. 
 Cera'tum Plum bi Subaceta'tis. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Cerate of Subacetate of Lead. 
 Goulard’s Cerate. See Class XX. 
 
 Chlorinated Lime. See Calx Chlori- 
 nata. 
 
 Common Salt. See Sodii Clilori- 
 dum. 
 
 Cu'pri Sul'phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Copper, or Blue Vitriol. A 
 salt occurring in blue crystals, slightly 
 efflorescent in the air, and entirely solu- 
 ble in water. 
 
 Elixir of Vitriol. See Acidum Sul- 
 phuricum Aromaticum. 
 
 Fer'ri Sul phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Iron, or Copperas. A salt 
 in oblique rhombic prisms of a green 
 color and styptic taste. 
 
 Lime Water. See Liquor Calcis. 
 Liq'uor Cal'cis (U.S. and Br. Ph.), 
 otherwise called A'qua Cal'cis. Lime 
 W ater. 
 
ASTRINGENTS.— TONICS. 
 
 Liquor Fer'ri Nitra'tis. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Solution of Nitrate of Iron. 
 
 Liquor Plum'bi Subaceta'tis. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Solution of Subacetate of 
 Lead. 
 
 Litharge. See Pluinbi Oxiduin. 
 Lithar'gyrum. (Br. Ph.) Litharge. 
 Oxide of Lead. 
 
 Plum'bi Ace'tas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Acetate of Lead, or Sugar of Lead. 
 A substance in colorless crystals, which 
 effloresce on exposure to the air. 
 
 Plum'bi Carbonas. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Lead, or White 
 Lead. A heavy white powder, insolu- 
 ble in water, but soluble in dilute nitric 
 acid. 
 
 Plum'bi Xi'tras. (U.S. Ph.) Ni- 
 trate of Lead. See Class XXIV, 
 
 Plum'bi Ox'iclum (U.S. Ph.), other- 
 wiseealled Plum'bi Ox'idum Semivitfrenm. 
 Litharge, or Oxide of Lead. 
 
 Plum'bi Subaceta'tis Liquor. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) See Liquor Plumbi Sub- 
 ace tat is. 
 
 So'dii Chlo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
 Salt. 
 
 Solution of Nitrate of Iron. See 
 
 Liquor Ferri Xitratis. 
 
 Solution of Subacetate of Lead. See 
 
 Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. 
 
 Sugar of Lead. See Plumbi Acetas. 
 Sulphate of Copper. See Cupri 
 Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron. See Ferri Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc. See Zinci Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Zin'$i Ace'tas, (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Acetate of Zinc. 
 
 Zin'?i Sulphas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Zinc, or White Vitriol. A 
 gait occurring in colorless crystals, which 
 have a strong metallic styptic taste and 
 are soluble in water. 
 
 CLASS II. 
 
 TONICS. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH PRODUCE A GENTLE AND PERMANENT EXCITEMENT OF ALL THE 
 VITAL ACTIONS, THOUGH THEIR INFLUENCE IS CHIEFLY OBSERVABLE IN THE 
 FUNCTIONS OF ORGANIC LIFE. 
 
 SECTION I,— Pure or Simple Bitters. 
 
 Agatho'tea Chiray'ta. See Chiretta. 
 
 Al'etris. (U.S. Ph.l Star Grass. 
 The root of Al'etris farino'sa. 
 
 American Centaury. See Sabbatia. 
 
 American Columbo. See Frasera. 
 
 Bitte'ra (or Bytte'ra ) Febrif'uya. Bit- 
 ter Ash. 
 
 Blue Gentian. See Gentiana Cates- 
 bfei. 
 
 Calum'ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Co- 
 lumbo. The root of Coc' cuius palma'tus. 
 
 Chira'ta. (Br. Ph.) The entire plant 
 of Ophe'lia cliira'ta. The same as Chi- 
 retta. 
 
 Chiret'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Chiretta. The 
 herb and root of Agatho'tes cbiray'ta. 
 
 Coc' cuius palma'tus. See Calumba. 
 
 Colomba, or Columbo. See Calumba. 
 
 Common European Centaury. See 
 JEry thrsea Centaur ium. 
 
 Cop'tis. (U.S. Ph.) Goldthread. 
 The root of Cop'tis trifo'lia. 
 
 Erythrse'a Centau'rium. Common Cen- 
 taury. 
 
 Frase'ra. (U.S. Ph.) American 
 Columbo. The root of Frase'ra Wal- 
 te'ri. 
 
 Gentian. See Gentiana. 
 
 Gentia'na. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Gen- 
 tian. The root of Gentia'na lu'tea. 
 
 Gentia'na Catesbae'i. (U.S. Pb.) 
 Blue Gentian. The root of Gentiana 
 Catesbsei. 
 
 Goldthread. See Coptis. 
 
 Quassia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Quas- 
 sia. The wood of Simaru'ba excel' sa 
 (U.S. Ph.), or of Picrse'na excel' sa (Br. 
 Ph.). 
 
 Sabba'tia. (U.S. Ph.) American 
 Centaury. The herb of Sabba'tia angu- 
 la'ris. 
 
 Simaru'ba. (U.S. Ph.) Simaruba. 
 The bark of the root of Simaru'ba offici- 
 na'lis. 
 
 Simaru'ba excel' sa. See Quassia. 
 
 Star Grass. See Aletris. 
 
 Xanthorrhi'za. (U.S. Ph.) Yellow- 
 Root. The root of Xanthorrhi'za apii- 
 fo'lia. 
 
 Yellow-Root. See Xanthorrhiza. 
 
 615 
 
TONICS. 
 
 SECTION II— Bitters of Peculiar or Modi- 
 fied Properties. 
 
 Absin'thium. (U.S. Ph.) Worm- 
 wood. The tops and leaves of Artemis'ia 
 absin'thium. 
 
 Al'etris. (U.S. Ph.) Star Grass. 
 The root of Al'etris farina' sa. 
 
 Am' if r is Myr'rha. See Myrrha. 
 
 An'themis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Chamomile. The dried flowers of An' - 
 the mi s nob'ilis. 
 
 An'themis Cot'ula, See Coin la. 
 
 Ar'butus U'va Ur' si. See Class I. 
 
 Artemis'ia Absin'thium. See Absin- 
 thium. 
 
 Balsamoden' dron Myr'rha. See Myr« 
 rhn. 
 
 ? Bal'samum Peruvia'imm. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Balsam of Peru. See 
 Class XII. 
 
 Bal'saimian Toluta'num. (U. S. 
 
 and Br. Ph.) Balsam of Tolu. See 
 Class XII. 
 
 Bebe'ria? Sul'phas. (Br. Ph.) Sul- 
 phate of Beberia. 
 
 Black Alder. See Primos. 
 
 Black Snakeroot. See Cimicifuga. 
 
 Blunt-Leaved Dock. See Rumex 
 Obtusifolius. 
 
 Buckbean. See Menyanthes Tri- 
 foliata. 
 
 Cedron. The seeds of the Sima'ba 
 Ce' dron. 
 
 Chamomile. See Anthemis. 
 
 Cimicif'uga. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
 Snakeroot. The root of Cimicif'uga 
 racemo' sa. 
 
 Cod-Liver Oil. See Oleum Mor- 
 rhinc. 
 
 Cot'ula. (U.S. Ph.) Mayweed. The 
 herb of An'themis cot'ula , J Fa rut a cotula. 
 
 Elecampane. See Inula. 
 
 Elm Bark. See Flrnus. 
 
 Fern Boot. See Filix. 
 
 Fi'lix. (Br. Ph.) Fern Root. The 
 same as Filix Mas. 
 
 Fi'lix Mas. (U.S. Ph.) Male Fern. 
 The rhizoma of Aspid'ium Filix Mas. 
 
 German Chamomile. See Matricaria. 
 
 Hardhack. See Spiraea. 
 
 ? Ifelian'themum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Frostwort. The herb of Helian' themum 
 Cdnaden'se. 
 
 fllemides'miis. (Br. Ph.) The root 
 of Hemidesmus Indicus. 
 
 ISepat'ica. (U.S. Ph.) Liverwort. 
 The root of Hepatica Americana. 
 
 Hcrac'leum Lana' turn. The root. 
 
 Hops. See Ilumulus. 
 
 Horehound. Sec Marrubium. 
 
 616 
 
 Hu'mulus. (U.S. Ph.) Hops. The 
 strobiles of Hu'mulus lu'pulus. 
 
 Inula. (U.S. Ph.) Elecampane. 
 The root of In'ula hele'nium. 
 
 Lirioden'dron. (U.S. Ph.) Tulip- 
 tree Bark. The bark of Lirioden' dron 
 tulipif era. 
 
 Lu'pulus. (Br. Ph.) The same as 
 
 Mu an ulus. 
 
 Marrubium. (U.S. Ph.) Hore- 
 hound. The herb of Marru'bium vul- 
 ga' re. 
 
 Marsh Trefoil. See Memyamthes 
 Trifoliata. 
 
 Master wort. See Meracleum La- 
 natuvn. 
 
 Matrica'ria. (U.S. Ph.) German 
 Chamomile. The flowers of Matrica' ria 
 chamom.il' la. 
 
 Mayweed. See Cotula. 
 
 Menyan’thes trifolia'ta. Buckbean, or 
 Marsh Trefoil. 
 
 Myrrh. See Myrrha. 
 
 Myr'rha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Myrrh. The concrete juice of Balsamo- 
 den' dron my r' rha (U.S. Ph.); agum-resi- 
 nous exudation from the stem of Bal- 
 samodendron myrrha (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Mix Vom'ica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Nux Vomica. The seeds of Strych'nos 
 nux vom'ica. See Class XXV. 
 
 O'leum Anthem'idis. (Br. Ph.) Oil 
 of Chamomile. 
 
 ? O leum Bu 'bullion. (U.S. Ph.) 
 
 Neats’-foot Oil. 
 
 O'leaimi Mor'rhiue. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Cod-Liver Oil. The fixed oil ob- 
 tained from the liver of Ga'dus Mor'rhua. 
 
 ? Pa'uax. (U.S. Ph.) Ginseng. The 
 root of Pa'nax quinquefo'lium. 
 
 ? Parei'ra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) See 
 Class X. 
 
 ? Polyg'ala Rubel la. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Bitter Polygala. The root and herb of 
 Polygala. rubella. 
 
 Primes. (U.S. Ph.) Black Alder. 
 See next section. 
 
 Pru'nus Virginia'na. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Wild Cherry Bark. The bark of Cer'a- 
 8ii8 serot'ina. 
 
 Quer'cus. (Br. Ph.) Oak Bark. 
 The bark of Quer' cus peduncula'ta. 
 
 ? Quer'cus Tincto'ria. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Black Oak Bark. See Class I. 
 
 Rhe um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Rhu- 
 barb. See Class IX., Section I. 
 Rhubarb. See Rheum. 
 
 Ru'mex Cris'pus. (U.S. Ph.) Yel- 
 low Dock. The root of llumex crisjms. 
 
 f Ru'mex Obtusifo'lius. Blunt-Leaved 
 Dock. 
 
TONICS. 
 
 Sage. See Salvia. 
 
 Sal' via. (U.S. Ph.) Sage. The 
 leaves of Sal' via ojfficina' lis, 
 
 ? Scutella ria. (U.S. Ph.) Scull-cap. 
 
 See Class IV. 
 
 ? Spinc'a. (U.S. Ph.) Hardback. 
 The root of Spires’ a tomento'sa. 
 
 Strgch'nos Nux Vom'ica. See Xux 
 
 Vomica. 
 
 Tan ace 'turn. (U.S. Ph.) Tansy. 
 The herb of Tanned turn vulga're . 
 
 Tansy. See Tanacctuin. 
 
 Tulip-tree Bark. See Eiriodendron. 
 ? Fl'nius. (Br. Ph.) Elm Bdrk. 
 See Class XIX. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark. Sec Pranas Vir- 
 gin ian a. 
 
 Wormwood. See Absinthium. 
 Yellow Dock. See liumex Crispns. 
 
 SECTION III Febrifuge Tonics. 
 A$'idum Ni'tricum. (U.S. nnd Br. 
 Ph.) Nitric Acid. Sec Section V. 
 Adanso'nia Digit a' ta. Baobab. 
 FEs’cnlus Hippocas' tannm. Horse- 
 
 chesnut. 
 
 Angostura. (U.S. Ph.) The bark 
 of Galipe'a ojficina' lis. 
 
 ? An'themis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Chamomile. (See preceding section.) 
 Aristolo’ chia. See Serpen taria. 
 Baobab. See Adansonia Eigitata. 
 Bebeeru Bark. See Xectandra. 
 Boneset. See Eupatorium. 
 Cascarilla. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
 bark of Cro'ton eleute’ria. 
 
 Chamomile. See Antliennis. 
 Cincho'na Fla'va. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Yellow Cinchona. The bark of 
 Cincho'na calisai/'a . 
 
 Cincho'na Pal'lida. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Pale Cinchona. The bark of 
 Cincho'na Condamin'ea. 
 
 Cincho'na Ru bra. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Bed Cinchona. The bark of an 
 undetermined species of Cinchona (U.S. 
 Ph.). The bark of Cincho'na sued ru' bra 
 (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Common Salt. SeeSodiiChlorMam. 
 Contrayerva. See Eorstenia Con- 
 trayerva. 
 
 Cor'nus Circina'ta. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Hound-Leaved Dogwood. The bark of 
 Cornus circinata. 
 
 Cornus Flor'ida. (U.S. Ph.) Dog- 
 wood. The bark of Cornus Florida. 
 
 Cor'nus Seri$'ea. (U.S. Ph.) Swamp 
 Dogwood. The bark of Cornus sericea . 
 Cro'ton Eleute’ria. See Cascarilla. 
 Cuspa'ria. (Br. Ph.) CuspariaBark. 
 
 The bark of Galipe'a cuspa'ria. The 
 same as Angostura. 
 
 Dogwood. See Cornus Florida. 
 
 j Dorste'nia Contra i/er'va. 
 
 Eupato riuin. (U.S. Ph.) Thorough- 
 wort, or Boneset. The tops and leaves of 
 Eupato’rium perfolia'tum, gathered after 
 flowering has commenced. 
 
 ? Fraxinus Excel sior. Common 
 European Ash. 
 
 GalipC t Cfficina’lis. See August ura. 
 
 Gossyp’ imn Ucrha'ceum. An infusion 
 of the seeds. See Class XIII. 
 
 Magno lia. (U.S. Ph.) The bark 
 of Mayno'lia glau'ca, and of other species 
 of Magnolia. See Class XI., Section III. 
 
 Mahogany Tree. See Sxvietenia. 
 
 Neetandra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Be- 
 beeru Bark, or bark of Aectai.'dra Rodie'i. 
 
 Nitric Acid. See Aciduni Aitrieumru 
 
 Pale Cinchona. See Cinchona Pal- 
 lida. 
 
 Phloridzin, or Phloeorizin. (A peculiar 
 principle obtained from the bark of the 
 apple, pear, and cherry tree.) 
 
 ? Pri'nos. (U.S. Ph.) Black Alder. 
 The bark of Pri’nos verticilla' tus. 
 
 Quer'cus Al ba. (U.S. Ph.) White 
 Oak Bark. See Class I. 
 
 Quan'ine Sul'phas. (UiS. and Br. 
 Ph.) Sulphate of Quinia. 
 
 Bed Cinchona. See Cinchona Rubra. 
 
 Bound-Leaved Dogwood. See Cor- 
 nus Circinata. 
 
 Sa'lix. (U.S. Ph.) Willow. The 
 bark of Salix alba. 
 
 Scrpenta'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Serpentary, or Virginia Snakeroot. The 
 root of Aristolo' chia serpcnta'ria, and of 
 other species of Serpentaria. 
 
 Serpentary. See Serpentaria. 
 
 Snakeroot, Virginia. See Serpen- 
 taria. 
 
 So'dii Chlo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
 Salt. See Section V. of this class. 
 
 Spider’s Web. See Tela Aranea?. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinia. See Quinine 
 Sulphas. 
 
 Swamp Dogwood. See Cornus Se- 
 ricea. 
 
 Swiete'nia Febrif’uga , and Swiete'nia 
 Mahog'ani (Mahogany Tree). The bark. 
 
 f Tc'la Ara'nese. Spider’s Web. 
 
 Thoroughwort. See Eupatorrum. 
 
 Virginia Snakeroot. See Serpenta- 
 ria. 
 
 White Oak Bark. See Quercus Alba. 
 
 Willow. See Salix. 
 
 Yellow Cinchona. See Cinchona 
 Flava. 
 
 617 
 
AROMATICS. 
 
 SECTION IV.— Aromatics. 
 
 Ac'orus Cal'amus. See Calamus. 
 
 Alpin'ia Cardamo' mum. See Carda- 
 momum. 
 
 Ane'tlium. (Br. Ph.) Dill Seed. 
 Tile fruit of Ane'thum grav' eolens. 
 
 Angel'ica. (U.S. Ph.) Angelica. 
 The root of Angelica Archangel' ica. 
 
 Angel' ica Atropurpu' rea. Purple An- 
 gelica. 
 
 Ani'sum. (U.S. Ph.) Anise. The 
 fruit of Pimpinel'la ani'sum. 
 
 Artan'the Elonga'ta. See Malic©. 
 
 As'arum. (U.S. Ph.) Canada Snake- 
 root, or Wild Ginger. The root of As'- 
 arum Cana den' se. 
 
 Auran'tii Ama'ri Cor'tex. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Bitter Orange Peel. The rind of 
 the fruit of Ci'trus vulga'ris. 
 
 Auran'tii Cor'tex. (Br. Ph.) Orange 
 Peel (Bitter). The outer part of the rind 
 (dried) of the ripe fruit of Ci'trus biga- 
 ra'dia. 
 
 Auran'tii Dul'cis Cor'tex. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Sweet Orange Peel. The rind of 
 the fruit of Ci'trus anran'tium . 
 
 Balm. See Melissa. 
 
 Black Pepper. See Piper. 
 
 Cal'amus. (U.S. Ph.) Calamus, or 
 Sweet Flag. The rhizoma of Ac'orus 
 cal'amus. 
 
 Canada Snakeroot. See Asarum. 
 
 Canel'la. (U.S. Ph.) Canella. The 
 bark of Canel'la al'ba. 
 
 Canel’la Al'ba. See Canella. 
 
 Caraway. See Carum. 
 
 Cardamom. See Cardamomum. 
 
 Cardamo'mum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Cardamom. The fruit (or seeds) of Elet- 
 ta'ria cardamo' mum. 
 
 Car'ui. (Br. Ph.) Caraway. The 
 dried fruit of Ca'rum car'ui. 
 
 Ca'rum. (U.S. Ph.) Caraway. The 
 fruit of Ca'rum car'ui. 
 
 Caryopliyl'lum. (Br. Ph.) Cloves. 
 The unexpanded flower-buds of Caryo- 
 phyl'lus aromat'icus. The same as Cary- 
 opliyllus. 
 
 Caryopliyl'Ius. (U.S. Ph.) Cloves. 
 The unexpanded flowers of Caryophyl' - 
 l us aromat'icus. 
 
 ? Cata'ria. Catnep. See Class IV. 
 
 Cinnamo'mnm. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Cinnamon. The bark of Cinnamo'mum 
 Zeylan'icum, and of Cinnamo'mum aro- 
 mat'icum (U.S. Ph.). The inner bark 
 from shoots of the Cinnamomum Zeylan- 
 icum (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Cinnamo'mum Zeylan' icum. See Cin- 
 namomnm. 
 
 618 
 
 Cinnamon. See Cinnamomum. 
 
 Ci'trus Anran'tium. See Aurantii 
 l)ulcis Cortex. 
 
 Cloves. See Caryophyllus. 
 
 Coriander. See Coriandrum. 
 
 Corian'drum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Coriander. The ripe fruit of Corian'- 
 drum sati'vum (U.S. Ph.). The ripe fruit, 
 dried, of Coriandrum sativum (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Cube'ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Cubeb, 
 or Cubebs. The berries of Pi’ per cube'ba 
 (U.S. Ph.). The unripe fruit, dried, of 
 Cube'ba officina'lis (Br. Ph.). See Class X. 
 
 Cubebs. See Cubeba. 
 
 Cumin. See Cuminum. 
 
 ? Cumi'num , or Cymi'num. Cumin. 
 
 Curcuma. (U.S. Ph.) Turmeric. 
 The rhizoma of Curcn'ma lon'ga. 
 
 Dill. See Anetlmm. 
 
 j Dri'mys Winte'ri. Wintera. 
 
 Eletta'ria Cardamo'mum. See Car- 
 damomum. 
 
 Euge'nia Caryophylla'ta. See Cary o- 
 pliyilus. 
 
 European Pennyroyal. See Menttia 
 Pulegium. 
 
 Fennel, or Fennel Seed. See Foenic- 
 ulum. 
 
 Foenic'ulum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Fennel Seed. The fruit of Foenic'ulum 
 vulga're (U.S. Ph.). The fruit of Foe- 
 nic'ulum dal’ce (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Foenic'ulum Ojjicina'le. (Considered by 
 some to be the same as Foeniculum vul- 
 gar e.) See Foeniculum. 
 
 Gaultlie'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Partridge 
 Berry. The leaves of Gaulthe' via pro - 
 cum'bens. 
 
 Ginger. See Zingiber. 
 
 Ginseng. See Panax. 
 
 Golden Rod. See Solidago. 
 
 Iffedeo'ma. (U.S. Ph.) American 
 Pennyroyal. The herb of Hedeo'ma 
 pulegioi' des. 
 
 Horsemint. See Monarda. 
 
 Lavan'dula. (U.S. Ph.) Lavender. 
 The flowers of Lavan’ dula ve'ra. 
 
 Lavan' dula Spi'ca. See Lavandula. 
 
 Lavan' dula Ve'ra. See L.avand?ila. 
 
 Lavender. See Lavandula. 
 
 ILimo'nis Cor'tex. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Lemon Peel. 
 
 Long Pepper. See Piper Longum. 
 
 Ma'cis. (U.S. Ph.) Mace. 
 
 Marjoram. See Origanum Vul- 
 
 gare. 
 
 Mati'ca. (Br. Ph.) Matico. The 
 
 dried leaves of Artan'the elonga'ta. See 
 
 Matico. 
 
 Mati'co. (U.S. Ph.) Matico. The 
 
 leaves of Artan'the elonga'ta. 
 
AROMATICS. 
 
 Melis'sa. (U.S. Ph.) Balm. The 
 
 herb of Melitt sa ojficina' lis. 
 
 Men'tlia Piperi'ta. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Peppermint. The herb of Mentha pipe- 
 rita. 
 
 Men'tha Pule’gium . European Penny- 
 royal. 
 
 Men'tha Vir'idis. (U.S. Ph.) Spear- 
 mint. The herb of Mentha viridift. 
 
 Monar da. (U.S. Ph.) Horsemint. 
 The herb of Monar' da puncta'ta. 
 
 Myris'tiea. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Nut- 
 meg. The kernel of the fruit of Myris’ - 
 tnca fra' grans (U.S. Ph.). The kernel of 
 the seed of Myris’tica officina'lis (Br. 
 
 ph.). 
 
 Myr'tus pimen'ta. See Pimenta. 
 
 Nep’eta cata'ria. See Cataria. 
 
 Nutmeg. See Myristica. 
 
 Oil of Anise. See Oleum Anisi. 
 
 Oil of Bergamot. See Oleum Ber- 
 garni i. 
 
 Oil of Caraway. See Oleum Carui. 
 
 Oil of Cinnamon. See Oleum Cin- 
 namomi. 
 
 Oil of Dill. See Oleum Anetlii. 
 
 Oil of Lavender. See Oleum Ra- 
 vandulse. 
 
 Oil of Lemon. See Oleum Limonis. 
 
 Oil of Nutmeg. See Oleum Myris- 
 tiese. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint. See Oleum 3Ien- 
 tlue Piperitse. 
 
 Oil of Spearmint. See Oleum Men- 
 tlire VI rid is. 
 
 O leum Ane'thi. (Br. Ph.) Oil of 
 Dill. 
 
 O'leum Ani si. (Br. Ph.) Oil of 
 Anise. 
 
 O'leum Berga'mii. (U.S. Ph.) Oil 
 of Bergamot. The volatile oil obtained 
 from the rind of the fruit of Ci'trus 
 limet'ta. 
 
 O'leum Car'ui. (Br. Ph.) Oil of 
 Caraway. 
 
 O'leum Caryoptoyl'li. (Br. Ph.) 
 Oil of Cloves. 
 
 O'leum Cinnauio'mi. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Oil of Cinnamon. The vola- 
 tile oil obtained from the bark of Cinna- 
 mo'murn Zeylan'icnm. 
 
 O'leum Corian'dri. (Br. Ph.) Oil 
 of Coriander. 
 
 O'leum L.avan'dulae. (Br. Ph.) Oil 
 of Lavender. 
 
 ? O'leum Limo'nis. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Oil of Lemon. The volatile oil 
 obtained from the rind of the fruit of 
 Ci'trus limo’num. 
 
 O'leum Men'llise Piperi'tse. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Oil of Peppermint. The 
 
 oil distilled from the fresh herb of Men- 
 tha piperita. 
 
 O'leum Men'thsB Vir'idis. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Oil of Spearmint. The 
 oil distilled from the fresh herb of Men- 
 tha viridis. 
 
 O'leum Monar'dse. (U.S. Ph.) Oil 
 of Horsemint. 
 
 O'leum Myris' ticae. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Oil of Nutmeg. The volatile oil 
 obtained from the kernels of the fruit of 
 Myris'tica fra’grans (U.§. Ph.). The 
 oil distilled from Nutmeg (Br. Ph.). 
 
 O'leum Pimen'tse. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Oil of Pimento. 
 
 O'leum Ro sa;. (U.S. Ph.) Oil of 
 Rose. 
 
 ? O'leum Rosmari'ni. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Oil of Rosemary. See Class 
 XVII. 
 
 O'leum Thy'mi. (U.S. Ph.) Oil of 
 Thyme. 
 
 Orange Peel. See Aurautii Cortex. 
 
 Orig’anum Vulga’re. Origanum, or 
 Marjoram. 
 
 Pa'nax. (U.S. Ph.) Ginseng. The 
 root of Pa’nax quinquefo’lium. 
 
 Partridge Berry. See Gaultlieria. 
 
 Pennyroyal. See Kedeoma. 
 
 Pepper. See Piper. 
 
 Pepper, Long. See Piper Longum. 
 
 Peppermint. See jlleiitlia Piperita. 
 
 Pimen'ta. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Pi- 
 mento. The unripe berries of Euge'nia 
 pimen'ta. 
 
 Pimento. See Pimenta. 
 
 Pimpinel'la Ani'sum. See Anisum. 
 
 Pi'per. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Black 
 Pepper. The berries of Pi’per ni’grum 
 (U.S. Ph.). The dried unripe berries of 
 Piper nigrum (Br. Ph.). 
 
 PUper Cuhe’ba. See Cubeba. 
 
 Pi’per Lon’ gum: Long Pepper. 
 
 Purple Angelica. See Angelica Atro- 
 purpurea. 
 
 Rosemary. See Rosmarinus. 
 
 Rosmari'nus. (U.S.Ph.) Rosemary. 
 The tops of Posmai’i'nus ojfficina' lis. 
 
 Sage. See Salvia. 
 
 Sal'via. (U.S. Ph.) Sage. The leaves 
 of Sal’ via officina’lis. 
 
 Solida'go. (U.S. Ph.) Golden Rod. 
 The leaves of Solida’go odo’ra. 
 
 Spearmint. See Mentlia Viridis. 
 
 Sweet Flag. See Calamus. 
 
 Tanace'tum. (U.S. Ph.) Tansy. 
 The herb of Tanace'tum vulga’re. 
 
 Tansy. See Tanacetum. 
 
 Turmeric. See Curcuma. 
 
 Vanil'la. (U.S. Ph.) The prepared 
 unripe capsules of Vanil’la aromat’ica. 
 
 619 
 
MINERAL TONICS. 
 
 Wild Ginger. See Asarum. 
 
 Wintera. See Prymis Winter!. 
 Wintergreen. See Craultiieria. 
 Winter’s Bark. See i>ryniis Win- 
 ter!. 
 
 Zin'giber. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Gin- 
 ger. The rhizoma of Zin'giber offici- 
 na'le (U.S. Ph.). The rhizome, scraped 
 and dried, of Zingiber officinale (Br. Ph.). 
 
 SECTION V,— Mineral Tonics. 
 
 A^'idum Muriat'icum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Muriatic Acid. See Class VI. 
 
 A^'idnm Nl'tricum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Nitric Acid. Aqua Fortis. A 
 strongly acid, corrosive, colorless or yel- 
 lowish liquid. Specific gravity, 1.420 
 (U.S. Ph.). Specific gravity, 1.5 (Br. 
 Ph.). 
 
 A^'iduin BTi'tricum Dilu'hmi. 
 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Dilute Nitric Acid. 
 A colorless liquid. Specific gravity, 1.068 
 (U.S. Ph.). Specific gravity, 1.101 (Br. 
 Ph.). 
 
 A$'idum jtfitromuriat'ieum. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Nitromuriatic Acid. A com- 
 pound of three parts, by weight, of 
 nitric acid with five parts of muriatic 
 acid. 
 
 A^'idtim Pliosplior'icum I>ilu'- 
 tum. (Br. Ph.) Dilute Phosphoric 
 Acid. 
 
 A^'idum Sulphu'ricum. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Sulphuric Acid, or Oil of Vit- 
 riol. A colorless liquid of an oily ap- 
 pearance, intensely acid and corrosive. 
 Specific gravity, 1.843 (U.S. Ph.), 1.846 
 (Br. Ph.). 
 
 A^'idum Sulphu'ricum Aromat'- 
 icum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Aromatic 
 Sulphuric Acid; otherwise called Elixir 
 of Vitriol. 
 
 Ammoniated Copper. See Cuprum 
 Ammoniatiim. 
 
 Argen'ti Ni'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Nitrate of Silver. Lunar Caustic. See 
 Class XVIII. 
 
 ? Argen'ti Ox'idum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Oxide of Silver. 
 
 Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. See Aci- 
 dmn Sulpliuricum Aroinaticnm. 
 
 ISasniu'iQ&i Subni'tras. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth, or White Bis- 
 muth; sometimes called White Oxide of 
 Bismuth. See Class IV. 
 
 ISisniu'f huan A1 Ini in. (Br. Ph.) 
 White Bismuth. The same as lliKmu- 
 tlii Subnitras. 
 
 Bisulphate of Potash. See Potas«« 
 
 Ilisiilphus. 
 
 620 
 
 Black Oxide of Iron. See Ferri 
 Oxidum Magneticum. 
 
 Biue Vitriol. See Cupri Sulplias. 
 Calamine. See Zinci Car bon as. 
 
 Carbonate of Zinc. See Zinci Car- 
 bon as. 
 
 Citrate of Iron. See Ferri Citras. 
 Citrate of Iron and Quinia. See Ferri 
 et Quinise Citras. 
 
 Copperas. See Ferri Sulphas. 
 Cu'pri ►Sul phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Copper, or Blue Vitriol. See 
 Class I., and XVIII. 
 
 Cu prum Ammonia'tum. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Ammoniated Copper. 
 
 Elixir of Vitriol. See Acidum Sul- 
 phurieum Aroinaticum. 
 
 Fer'ri- Ammo’nio- Cihras. See Ferri et 
 Ammoniie Citras. 
 
 Fer'ri Carbo'nasSacchara'ta. (Br. 
 Ph.) Saccharated Carbonate of Iron. 
 Fer'ri Chlo'ridum . See Class XIII. 
 Fer'ri Ci'tras. (U.S. Ph.) Citrate 
 of Iron. 
 
 Fer'ri et Ammo'nise Ci'tras. (Br. 
 Ph.) Citrate of Iron and Ammonia; 
 otherwise called Ferri-Ammonio-Citras. 
 
 Fer'ri et Ammo'nife Tar'tras. 
 (U.S. Ph.) Tartrate of Iron and Am- 
 monia. 
 
 Fer'ri et Potas'sa; Tar'tras. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Tartrate of Iron and Potash. A 
 substance occurring in transparent scales 
 of a dark, ruby-red color, and wholly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 Fer'ri et Quin'ia* Ci'tras. (Br. Ph.) 
 Citrate of Iron and Quinia. 
 
 Fer'ri Ferrocyan'idum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Ferrocyanide of Iron. Pure Prussian 
 Blue. A pigment of a rich blue color. 
 
 Fer'ri lod'idum. (Br. Ph.) Iodide 
 of Iron. See Classes XIII. and X. 
 
 Fer'ri liac'tas. (U.S. Ph.) Lactate 
 of Iron. A substance in greenish-white 
 crystalline crusts or grains of a mild 
 sweetish taste. 
 
 Fer'ri Ox'idum Magnet'icnm. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) Magnetic Oxide of Iron; 
 otherwise called Fer’ri Ox’idum Ni’gnim , 
 or Black Oxide of Iron. 
 
 Fer'ri Perchlo'ridi Li'quor. (Br. 
 Ph.) Solution of Pcrchloride of Iron. 
 
 Fer'ri Pernitra'tis Li quor. (Br. 
 Ph.) Solution of Pernitrate of Iron. 
 
 Fer'ri Perox'idum. (Br. Ph.) Per- 
 oxide (or Rust) of Iron. A powder of a 
 dark brown color, and destitute of taste. 
 
 Fer'ri Plios'phas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Phosphate of Iron. A slate-colored 
 powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in 
 the mineral acids. 
 
MINERAL TONICS. 
 
 Fer’ri Pul’ vis. See Ferrum Redac- 
 t um. 
 
 Fer'ri Ramen’ta. Iron Filings. 
 
 Fer’ri Rubi'go. (Rust of Iron.) See 
 Ferri Peroxidum. 
 
 Fer'ri Subcarbo'nas. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Subcarbonate of Iron. 
 
 Fer'ri Snl'plias. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Iron, or Copperas. See Class 
 I., Section II. 
 
 Fer'ri Sul'phas Gramila'ta. (Br. 
 Ph.) Granulated Sulphate of Iron. 
 
 Ferrocyanuret of Iron. See Ferri 
 Ferrocyanidum. 
 
 Fer'rum Ammonia’ turn. Ammoniated 
 Iron. 
 
 Fer'rum Redac'tum. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Reduced Iron 5 otherwise called 
 Ferri Pulvis (Powder of Iron). 
 
 Fer'rum Tartara'tum. (Br. Ph.) 
 Tartarated Iron. The same as Ferri 
 et Potassae Tart r as. 
 
 Iodide of Iron. See Ferri lodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Zinc. See Zinci Iodidum. 
 
 Iron Filings. See Ferri Ramenta. 
 
 Lactate of Iron. See Ferri Lactas. 
 
 Lime Water. See Liquor Calc is. 
 
 Li'quor Cal'cii Chlo'ridi. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Solution of Chloride of Lime (or 
 Calcium). See Class X. 
 
 Li'quor Cal'cis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Lime Water, or Solution of Lime. 
 
 Li 'quor Fer'ri Nitra'tis. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Solution of Nitrate of Iron. 
 
 Lunar Caustic. See Argenti Nitras. 
 
 Magistery of Bismuth. See Bismu- 
 tlii Subnitras. 
 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron. See Ferri 
 Oxidum Magneticuin. 
 
 Mangane’ sii Ox'idum. Oxide of Man- 
 ganese. 
 
 Muriatic Acid. See Aeidum Muri- 
 atieum. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver. See Argenti Ul- 
 tras. 
 
 Nitric Acid. See Aeidum Nitricum. 
 
 Nitromuriatic Acid. See Aeidum 
 Nitromu riaticum. 
 
 Oil of Vitriol. See Aeidum S11I- 
 phurieum. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese. See Manga- 
 nesii Oxidum. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc. See Zinci Oxidum. 
 
 Perchloride of Iron. See Ferri Per- 
 chloridi Liquor. 
 
 Peroxide of Iron. See Ferri Per- 
 oxidum. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron. See Ferri Phos- 
 phas. 
 
 Potas’sse Bi 8 iil’plia 8 . Bisulphate of 
 Potash. 
 
 Precipitated Carbonate of Iron. The 
 same as Ferri Subearbonas. 
 
 Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc. See 
 Zinci Carbonas Prnecipitata. 
 
 Protocarbonate of Iron. The same as 
 Ferri Subearbonas. 
 
 Reduced Iron. See Ferrum Redac- 
 tion. 
 
 Rust of Iron. ( Fer’ri Rubi’go.) See 
 
 Ferri Peroxidum. 
 
 Saccharated Carbonate of Iron. See 
 
 Ferri ( arbonas Saccharata. 
 
 Salt, Common. See Sodii Chlori- 
 du in. 
 
 So'dii Ctilo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
 Salt. See Section III. of this class. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Calcium. See 
 Liquor Calcii Chloridi. 
 
 Solution of Nitrate of Iron. See 
 Liquor Ferri Nitratis. 
 
 Subcarbonate of Iron. See Ferri 
 Subearbonas. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth. See Bismu- 
 tlii Subnitras. 
 
 Sulphate of Copper. See Cupri Sul- 
 plias. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron. See Ferri Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc. See Zinci Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid. See Aeidum Sul- 
 phuricum. 
 
 Tartarated Iron. See Ferrum Tar- 
 taratum. 
 
 Tartrate of Iron and Ammonia. See 
 
 Ferri et Ammoniac Tartras. 
 
 Tartrate of Iron and Potash. See 
 
 Ferri et Potassae Tartras. 
 
 White Bismuth, or White Oxide of 
 Bismuth. See Bismuthi Subnitras. 
 White Vitriol. Se< Zinci Sulphas. 
 Zin'^i Carbo'nas. (Br. Ph.) Car- 
 bonate of Zinc. 
 
 Zin'^i Carbo'nas Praecipita'ta. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Precipitated Carbonate of 
 Zinc. 
 
 Zin'qi Iod’iclum. Iodide of Z'nc. 
 Zin'$i Ox'idum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Oxide of Zinc. 
 
 Zin'^i Sul phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Zinc. White Vitriol. See 
 Class VIII. 
 
 53 
 
 621 
 
ARTERIAL STIMULANTS.— NERVOUS STIMULANTS. 
 
 CLASS III. 
 
 ARTERIAL STIMULANTS. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH EXCITE THE CIRCULATION WITH LITTLE COMPARATIVE INFLU- 
 ENCE ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 Ammo'niee Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Ammonia, or Sal 
 Volatile. A substance in white translu- 
 cent masses, having a pungent ammoni- 
 acal odor, and soluble in water. 
 
 ? Ammo nia? Li quor For'tior. 
 (Br. Ph.) Strong Solution of Ammonia. 
 See Class XVII. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. See 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia? Aromaticns. 
 
 ? Buc'co. (Br. Ph.) Buchu. See 
 
 next article. 
 
 ? Bn'chu. (U.S. Ph.) Buchu, Bucco, 
 or Bookoo. The leaves of Baros'ma 
 crena'ta and other species of Barosma. 
 See Class X. 
 
 Cap'sicuim. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ca- 
 yenne Pepper. The fruit of Cap'sicum 
 an'nuum and of other species of Capsi- 
 cum (U.S. Ph.). The ripe fruit, dried, of 
 Cap' sicum fasti gia' turn (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia. See Ammo- 
 nia? Carbonas. 
 
 Cayenne Pepper. See Capsicum. 
 
 ? Cere vis' ise Fermen'tum. (Br. 
 
 Ph.) Yeast of Beer. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine. See Oleum Te- 
 rebinthiiue. 
 
 O leum Terebin'tliime. Oil of 
 
 Turpentine, or Spirits of Turpentine. 
 The volatile -oil distilled from the tur- 
 pentine of Pi' nns pal us* tris and of other 
 species of Finns. See Class X. 
 
 Phosphorus. (U.S. Ph.) Phospho- 
 rus. A translucent, nearly colorless solid, 
 resembling wax, without taste, but hav- 
 ing a peculiar smell. (Poisonous except 
 in very minute doses.) 
 
 Spirit of Ammonia. See Spiritus 
 Ammonia*. 
 
 Spir'itus Ammo 'ilia?. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Spirit of Ammonia. 
 
 Spir'itns Ammo'nia? Aromat'i- 
 
 cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Aromatic 
 Spirit of Ammonia. See Class IV. 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of. See Oleum 
 Terebinthinse. 
 
 CLASS IV. 
 
 NERVOUS STIMULANTS (ANTISPASMODICS). 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH TO THE POWER OF STIMULATING THE HEART AND ARTERIES 
 ADD THAT OF EXCITING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 ^E'tber. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ether; 
 otherwise called Sulphuric Ether. Oxide 
 of Ethyl. A very inflammable, volatile 
 liquid obtained from alcohol and sul- 
 phuric acid. 
 
 Allium. (U.S. Ph.) Garlic. See 
 Class XII. 
 
 Alum. See Alumen. 
 
 Alti'inen. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Alum. 
 Sulphate of Alumina and Potassa. 
 
 Ammoniac. See Ammonincum. 
 
 Ammon i'acumi. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 The concrete juice of Dore'ma ammoni'- 
 acnm (U.S. Ph.). A gum-resinous exu- 
 dation from the stem of Borema ammo- 
 niacum (Br. Ph.). 
 
 622 
 
 Ammo'nia? Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Ammonia. See 
 Class III. 
 
 Ammo nia? llydrochlo'ras. (Br. 
 Ph.) Hydrochlorate of Ammonia. The 
 same as Amiiionise Murias. 
 
 ? Ammo nite Glo rias. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Muriate of Ammonia, or Sal Ammoniac. 
 A white fibrous salt, with a pungent 
 saline taste, but no smell. 
 
 Argen'ti Xi'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Nitrate of Silver, or Lunar Caustic. See 
 Class XVIII. 
 
 Arsen ti Ox'iilum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Oxide of Silver. 
 
 Ar'nica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Leo- 
 
NERVOUS STIMULANTS. 
 
 pard’s Bane. Arnica Root. The flowers 
 of Ar’nica monta'na (U.S. Ph.). The 
 dried root of Arnica vnontana (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. See 
 Spiritus Ammonia* Arom&ticus. 
 
 Assafoet'ida. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) A's- 
 safetida. The concrete juice (or gum 
 resin) obtained from the root of the 
 Nar'thex assafoet’ida (or Fer'ula assa- 
 foet'ida ). 
 
 Bismu'thi Subni'tras. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth, or White Bis- 
 muth. A heavy white powder in minute 
 crystalline scales. 
 
 Bismu'tliiim Album. (Br. Ph.) 
 White Bismuth. The same as Bismu- 
 tlii Subnitras. 
 
 Caf'fea. (U.S. Ph.) Coffee. The seed 
 of Caf'fea Arab'ica. 
 
 (amphora. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 
 Camphor. See Class V. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia. See Ammo- 
 nia? Carbonas. 
 
 Castor. See Castoreum. 
 
 Castoreum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Castor. A peculiar concrete substance, 
 obtained from Cas'tor fi'ber. 
 
 Cata'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Catnep. The 
 leaves of Nep'eta cata'ria. ( Carminative.) 
 
 Catnep. See Catarla. 
 
 Cherry Laurel. See Laurocerastis. 
 
 Chloride of Zinc. See Zinci Clilo- 
 ri <ln in. 
 
 Coca. See Erythroxylon Coca. 
 
 Coffee. See Caffea. 
 
 Compound Spirit of Ether. See Spi- 
 ritus AEtlieris Composilus. 
 
 Cro'cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Saffron. 
 The stigmas of Cro'cus sati'vus. 
 
 ? Cu prum Ammonia' turn. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Ammoniated Copper. See Class II. 
 
 Cypripe’ dium Parvijlo' rum. Ladies’ 
 
 Slipper. 
 
 Dore’ma Ammoni' acum. See Ainnio- 
 niacum. 
 
 Dracon'tium. (U.S.Ph.) Skunk Cab- 
 bage. The root of Dracon'tium foet'idum. 
 
 Erythrox' ylon Co’ca. 
 
 Fer'ula Assafoet'ida. See Assafoetida. 
 
 Oal'banum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 See Class XII. 
 
 Garlic. See Allium. 
 
 Hoffmann’s Anodyne. See Spiritus 
 Atheris Composilus. 
 
 Ladies’ Slipper. See Cypripedium 
 Parviflorum. 
 
 Laurocer'asus. (Br. Ph.) Cherry 
 Laurel Leaves. The fresh leaves of 
 Pru'nus laurocer’ asus. 
 
 Leopard’s Bane. See Arnica. 
 
 Eycopo'dium. (U.S. Ph.) The spo- 
 
 rules of Lycopo’dium clava'tum and other 
 species of Lycopodium. See Class X. 
 
 Mos'chus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Musk. 
 A peculiar concrete substance, obtained 
 from Mos'chus moschiferus (U.S. Ph.). 
 The inspissated secretion from the pre- 
 putial follicles of the Moschus moschife- 
 rus (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia. See Ammo- 
 nite Murias. 
 
 Musk. See Moschus. 
 
 Nar'thex Assafoet'ida. See Assafoet- 
 ida. 
 
 Nep'eta Cata’ria. See Calaria. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver. See A rgenti Nitras. 
 
 Oil of Amber. See Oleum Succini. 
 
 Oil of Camphor. See Oleum Cam- 
 phorse. 
 
 Oil of Rue. See Oleum Rutse. 
 
 O leum Cam'pliorte. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Oil of Camphor. 
 
 O'leuin Bu tte. (Br. Ph.) Oil of 
 Rue. The oil distilled from Ru’ta grav’- 
 eolen8. 
 
 O leum Suc'^ini. (U.S. Ph.) Oil 
 of Amber. The volatile oil obtained by 
 the destructive distillation of amber. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc. See Zinci Oxidum. 
 
 Petro'leum. Rock Oil. 
 
 Pru'nus Laurocer' asus. See Lauro* 
 cerasus. 
 
 Rock Oil. See Petroleum. 
 
 Rue. See Ruta. 
 
 Ru’ta. (U.S. Ph.) Rue. The leaves 
 of Ru'ta grav’eolens. 
 
 Ru'tse O'leum. See Oleum Rutae. 
 
 Saffron. See Crocus. 
 
 Sagape'num. (Lond. Ph.) The gum 
 resin of an unknown plant. 
 
 Scutella'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Scull-cap. 
 The herb of Scutella'ria lateriflo'ra. 
 
 Skunk Cabbage. See Dracontium. 
 
 Spirit of Nitric Ether. See Spiritus 
 AEtheris Kltrosi. 
 
 Spir'itus ^E'theris Compos'itus. 
 (U.S. Ph.) Compound Spirit of Ether, 
 or Hoffmann’s Anodyne. 
 
 Spir'itus iE'theris NTitro'si (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) ; formerly Spir'itus JE'theris 
 Ni'trici. Spirit of Nitrous or Nitric 
 Ether; otherwise called Sweet Spirit of 
 Nitre. 
 
 Spir'itus Ammo'niae Aromat'icus. 
 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Aromatic Spirit of 
 Ammonia. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth. See Bismu- 
 thi Subnitras. 
 
 Sweet Spirit of Nitre. See Spiritus 
 iEtheris Xitrosi. 
 
 The’ a Ni'gra. Black Tea. 
 
 The' a Vir'idis. Green Tea. 
 
 623 
 
NERVOUS STIMULANTS.— CEREBRAL STIMULANTS. 
 
 Valerian. See Valeriana. 
 
 Valeriana. (U.S. andBr. Ph.) Vale- 
 rian. The root of Valeria' net officinalis. 
 
 Valerianate of Zinc. See Zinci Va- 
 lerianas. 
 
 Vi'num. Wine. 
 
 White Bismuth. See Bismuthi Sub- 
 nitras. 
 
 Zin'^i Chlo'ridum. (U. S. and 
 
 Br. Ph.) Chloride of Zinc. See Class 
 XVIII. 
 
 Zin'?i Ox'idum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Oxide of Zinc. A yellowish-white pow- 
 der. 
 
 Zin'^i Valeria'nas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Valerianate of Zinc. 
 
 CLASS Y. 
 
 CEREBRAL STIMULANTS (NARCOTICS). 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH, WITH A STIMULATING INFLUENCE OYER THE CIRCULATION AND 
 THE GENERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, COMBINE A PECULIAR DETERMINATION TO THE 
 BRAIN. 
 
 Acetate of Morphia. See Morpbise 
 Ac etas. 
 
 Ace'tum O'pii. (U.S. Ph.) Vinegar 
 of Opium, or Black Drop. 
 
 Ag'idum Acet'icum Camphor a' turn. 
 Camphorated Acetic Acid. 
 
 Acrid Lettuce. See Eactuca Virosa. 
 
 iE'tlier. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ether, 
 or Sulphuric Ether. A very inflammable 
 volatile liquid prepared with alcohol and 
 sulphuric acid. 
 
 iE'ther For'tior. (U.S. Ph.) Strong- 
 er Ether. 
 
 Al'cohol. (U.S. Ph.) Alcohol. Spirit 
 of the specific gravity 0.835 (Absolute 
 Alcohol being 0.795). 
 
 At' r op a Belladon'na, or Deadly Night- 
 shade. See Belladonna, and Bella- 
 donna Folium. 
 
 Atro'pia. (Br. Ph.) An alkaloid ob- 
 tained from Belladonna Root. (A deadly 
 poison, except in very minute doses.) 
 
 Belladon'na. (Br. Ph.) The leaves 
 of At'ropa helladon' na. See next article. 
 
 Belladon'nae Fo lium. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Belladonna Leaf. The leaves of At'ropa 
 belladon'na. 
 
 Belladon'na^ Ra dix. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Belladonna Root. 
 
 Bittersweet. See Bulcamara. 
 
 Black Drop. See Acetum Opii. 
 
 Brandy. See Spiritus Vini Gallici. 
 
 Bugle weed. See Eycopus. 
 
 Camphor. See Campliora. 
 
 Cam'pliora. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Camphor. A peculiar concrete sub- 
 stance derived from Cam'pliora officina'- 
 rum (U.S. Ph.). A concrete volatile oil, 
 obtained by sublimation from the wood 
 of Camphora officinarum (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Camphorated Acetic Acid. See Aci- 
 dum Aceticum Camplioratum. 
 
 624 
 
 Can'nabis In'dica. (Br. Ph.) The 
 flowering tops of Indian Hemp. 
 
 Chloroform. See Cfiiloroformum. 
 
 Chlorofor'mum. (Br. Ph.) Chlo- 
 roform. A colorless volatile liquid. Spe- 
 cific gravity, 1.496. 
 
 Chlorofor'mum Vena'le. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Commercial Chloroform. A color- 
 less volatile liquid varying . in specific 
 gravity from 1.45 to 1.49, obtained by 
 distilling a mixture of chloride of lime 
 and alcohol. 
 
 Compound Spirit of JEther. See Spir- 
 
 itus iEtlieris Compositus. 
 
 Coni'i Fruc'tiis. (Br. Ph.) Hemlock 
 Fruit. 
 
 Coni'um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Hem- 
 lock. The leaves of Coni'um macula' turn 
 (U.S. Ph.). The fresh leaves and branches 
 of Conium maculatum, gathered when the 
 fruit begins to form (Br. Ph.). (An active 
 poison.) 
 
 Creasote. See Creasotum. 
 
 Creaso'tum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Creasote. A peculiar substance obtained 
 from wood tar (U.S. Ph.). A product of 
 the distillation of wood tar (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Datu'ra Stramo'nium . SeeStrainonii 
 Folium. 
 
 Deadly Nightshade. See Bella- 
 donna. 
 
 Dulcama ra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Bittersweet. The stalks of Sola'num dul- 
 cama'ra. 
 
 Ether. See iEthor. 
 
 Extrac'tum (an'nabK (U.S. Ph.) 
 Extract of Hemp. An alcoholic extract 
 of the dried tops of Can'nabis sati'va , 
 variety Jn'dica. 
 
 Extrac'tum Can'nabis In 'diene. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) Extract of Indian Ilcmp. See 
 preceding article. 
 
CEREBRAL STIMULANTS. 
 
 Hemlock Leaves and Seed. See Co- 
 
 nium. 
 
 Henbane. See Hyoscyamus. 
 
 Henbane Leaves. See Myoscyami 
 Folium. 
 
 Henbane Seed. See Hyoscyami Se- 
 men. 
 
 Hops. See Humulus. 
 
 Humulus. (U.S. Ph.) Hops. The 
 strobiles of Hu'rnulus lu'pulus. 
 
 Hyoscy'ami Fo'lium. (U.S. Ph.) 
 The leaves of Hyoscy'amus ni'ger. 
 
 Hyoscy'ami Se men. (U.S. Ph.) 
 The seed of Hyoscy'amus ni'ger. 
 
 Hyoscy'amus. (Br. Ph.) Henbane. 
 The same as Hyoscyami Folium. 
 
 Indian Hemp. See Cannabis Imlica. 
 
 Jamaica Dogwood. See Piscidia 
 Fry th r ina. 
 
 Lactu'ca Sati'va. See Factucarium. 
 
 Lactu'ca Viro'sa. Acrid Lettuce. 
 
 Faetuea'rium. (U.S. Ph.) The 
 concrete juice of Lactu'ca sati’va. 
 
 Lau'nis Cam'pliora. See Camphora. 
 
 Lupulin. See Fupulina. 
 
 Lcipuli'iia. (U.S. Ph.) Lupulin. The 
 yellow powder attached to the strobiles 
 of Hu'rnulus lu'pulus. 
 
 Fu'pulus. (Br. Ph.) Hop. The dried 
 catkins of the female plant of Humulus 
 lupulus. See Humulus. 
 
 Fyc'opus. (U.S. Ph.) Bugleweed. 
 The herb of Lyo.'opus Virgin' icus. 
 
 Morphia. (U.S. Ph.) A substance 
 in the form of colorless crystals, which 
 are inflammable and wholly dissipated 
 by a red heat. 
 
 Mor'pliise Ace'tas. (U.S. Ph.) Ace- 
 tate of Morphia. A white powder en- 
 tirely soluble in water and in alcohol. 
 
 Mor'pliise Hydrochlo'ras. (Br. 
 Ph.) Hydrochlorate (or Muriate) of 
 Morphia. See next article. 
 
 Mor'pliise Mu'rias. (U.S. Ph.) Mu- 
 riate of Morphia. A substance occurring 
 in snow-white feathery crystals. 
 
 Mor'pliise Sulphas. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Morphia. A substance in 
 the form of snow-white feathery crystals 
 which are wholly soluble in water. 
 
 Muriate of Morphia. See Morphine 
 Murias. 
 
 ? Myris'tica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Nutmeg. See Class II., Section IV. 
 
 Nicotia' na Tab'acum. See Tabacum. 
 
 Nitrous Oxide (Gas). See Oxiduin 
 Nitrosuuia 
 
 Nutmeg. See Myristica. 
 
 O pium. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Opium. 
 The concrete (or inspissated) juice of the 
 unripe capsules of Papa’ver somni/'erum. 
 53 * 
 
 Ox'idum Nitro'sum. Nitrous Oxide. 
 Papa'ver. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Poppy 
 Capsules. 
 
 Papa'ver Somnif' erum. See Opium. 
 Piscid'ia Erythri'na . Jamaica Dog- 
 wood. 
 
 Poison Oak, Poison Sumach. See 
 
 Rhus Toxicodendron. 
 
 Port Wine. See Yinum Portense. 
 Pyroxylic Spirit. See Spiritus Py- 
 roxylicus. 
 
 Rhoe'as. (Br. Ph.) Red Poppy Petals. 
 The petals of Papaver rhceas. 
 
 Ithus Toxicoden’ dron. See Toxico- 
 dendron. 
 
 Sola’num JDulcama'ra . See Dulca- 
 
 mara. 
 
 Spiritus A'theris Compos'itus. 
 
 Compound Spirit of Ether. See Class 
 IV. 
 
 Spir'itus Frumen'ti. (U.S. Ph.) 
 “ Spirit of Grain,” or Whiskey. 
 
 Spir'itus Pyroxyl'icus Rectifi- 
 ca'tus. (Br. Ph.) Rectified Pyroxylic 
 Spirit. 
 
 Spir'itus Rectifica'tus. (Br. Ph.) 
 Rectified Spirit. 
 
 Spir'itus Vi'ni Gal'lici. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Spirit of French Wine, or Brandy. 
 
 Stramo'nii Fo'lia. (Br. Ph.) Stra- 
 mo'nii Fo'lium. (U.S. Ph.) Leaves 
 of Stramonium. The leaves of Datu’ra 
 straruo' nium. 
 
 Stramo'nii Ra'dix. Root of Stra- 
 monium. 
 
 Stramo'nii Semen. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Stramo'nii Sem'ina. (Br. Ph.) Seed 
 of Stramonium. The seed of Hatu’ra 
 stramo’nium. 
 
 Stramonium (Leaf). See Stramo- 
 uii Folium. 
 
 Stramonium (Seed). See Stramonii 
 Semen. 
 
 Stronger Ether. See JEther For- 
 tior. 
 
 ? Sty'rax. (U.S. Ph.) Storax. 
 Sulphuric Ether. See iEther. 
 Tab'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) To- 
 bacco. See Class VII. 
 
 Tobacco. See Tabacum. 
 Toxicoden'dron. (U.S. Ph.) Poison 
 Oak. The leaves of Phus toxicoden' dron. 
 Vinegar of Opium. See Acetum Opii. 
 Vi’num. Wine. 
 
 ? Vi'mim Porten'se. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Port Wine. See Class I. 
 
 Vi'num Xer'icum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Sherry Wine; otherwise called 
 Vi'num Al'bum (White Wine). 
 
 Wine. See Vinum. 
 
 W oody Nightshade. See Dulcamara* 
 625 
 
ARTERIAL SEDATIVES. 
 
 CLASS YI. 
 
 ARTERIAL SEDATIVES. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH, BY THEIR IMMEDIATE INFLUENCE, PRODUCE A REDUCTION OF 
 THE VI1AL ACTIONS. SOME OF THESE ARE DIRECTED MORE ESPECIALLY TO THE 
 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, WITHOUT ANY IMMEDIATE INFLUENCE UPON THE NERVOUS 
 POWER. THOUGH SEDATIVE IN THEIR GENERAL INFLUENCE, THEY MAY BE STIMU- 
 LATING TO PARTICULAR FUNCTIONS OR ORGANS. 
 
 Acetate of Lead. See Plumbi Ace- 
 tas. 
 
 Acetic Acid. See Acidum Aceti- 
 cum. 
 
 Acidum Acet'icum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Acetic Acid. A colorless liquid 
 having a pungent odor and a specific 
 gravity of 1.047 (U.S. Ph.). An acid 
 liquid prepared from wood by destructive 
 distillation. Specific gravity, 1.044 (Br. 
 Ph.). 
 
 A$'idum Cit'ricum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Citric Acid. A substance in color- 
 less crystals, freely soluble in water, and 
 soluble in alcohol (U.S. Ph.). An acid 
 obtained from lemon-juice, in colorless 
 right rhombic prisms (Br. Ph.). 
 
 A$'idum Hydroclilo'ricum. (Br. 
 Ph.) Hydrochloric Acid. The same as 
 Acidum Muriaticum. 
 
 A$'idum Muriat'icum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Muriatic Acid; otherwise termed Hydro- 
 chloric Acid. An aqueous solution of 
 hydrochloric acid gas, of the specific 
 gravity 1.160. (Refrigerant and tonic.) 
 
 A^'idum Nitricum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Nitric Acid. See Class II. 
 
 Ac idum Tartar icum. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Tartaric Acid. A substance in 
 the form of colorless crystals. 
 
 Ammo'nise Hydrosulphure' turn. Hydro- 
 sulphuret of Ammonia. 
 
 Antimonial Powder. See Pulvis An- 
 timonialis. 
 
 Antimonial Wine. See Vinuin An- 
 timonii. 
 
 Antiiiio'nii et Potas'sse Tar'tras. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Tartar Emetic. See Class VIII. 
 
 Antiiiio'nii Ox'idum. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Oxide of Antimony. See Class 
 VIII. 
 
 Antimo'nii Sulpliure'tum. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Sulpharet of Antimony. 
 
 Antiino'nium Sulpliura'tum. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) Sulphurated Antimony. See 
 Class XI. 
 
 Antimo'niiun Tartara'tmn. (Br. 
 Ph.) Tartarated Antimony. The same 
 
 as Antimonii et Potassse Tartras. 
 
 626 
 
 Bitartrate of Potash. See Potassse 
 Bi tartras. 
 
 Bo'rax. (Br. Ph.) Biborate of Soda. 
 
 See Sodae Boras. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead. See Plumbi Car- 
 bonos. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassa. See Potassse 
 Chloras. 
 
 Citric Acid. See Acidum Citricum. 
 Cream of Tartar. See Potassse Bi- 
 tartras. 
 
 Ferrocyanide of Potassium. See Po- 
 
 tassii Ferrocyanidum. 
 
 Hydrosulphuret of Ammonia. See 
 Ammonite Mydrosulplm return. 
 
 Limo'nis Suc'cus. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Lemon-Juice. 
 
 Mo'ri Suc'cus. (Br. Ph.) Mulberry- 
 Juice. The juice of the ripe fruit of 
 Mo'rus ni'yra. 
 
 Mulberry- Juice. See Mori Succus. 
 Nitrate of Potash. See Potassse 
 Xitras. 
 
 Nitre. See Potassse Xitras. 
 
 Oxide of Antimony. See Antimonii 
 Oxidum. 
 
 Plum bi Ace'tas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Acetate of Lead, or Sugar of Lead. See 
 Class I. 
 
 Plum bi Carbo'nas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Carbonate of Lead, or White Lead. 
 See Class I. 
 
 Potas'sse Bitar'tras. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Bitartrate of Potash, or Cream of Tartar. 
 A white powder, dissolved sparingly in 
 water. 
 
 Potas'sse Fhlo'ras. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chlorate of Potassa. A salt 
 occurring in colorless tabular crystals. 
 
 Potas'sse Ci'tras. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Citrate of Potassa. See Class XI. 
 
 Potas'sse Ni'tras. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Nitrate of Potash, Nitre, or Salt- 
 petre. A salt occurring in colorless 
 prismatic crystals, unalterable in the 
 air. 
 
 Potas'sse Tar'tras A?'ida. (Br. 
 Ph.) Acid Tartrate of Potash. The 
 
 same as Potassse Bitartras. 
 
ARTERIAL SEDATIVES.— NERVOUS SEDATIVES. 
 
 Potas'sii Ferrocyan'idum. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Ferrocyanide of Potassium. 
 
 Pul' vis Antimonia'lis. (Br. Ph.) 
 Antimonial Powder. See Class XI. 
 
 Rhus Glabrum. (U.S. Ph.) Su- 
 mach. The fruit of Rhus glabrum. 
 
 Saltpetre. See Potassae Xitras. 
 
 So'd;e Bo'ras. (U.S. Ph.) Borate of 
 Soda, or Borax. A salt in colorless crys- 
 tals, which slightly effloresce in dry air. 
 
 Sugar of Lead. See Pluinbi Acetas. 
 
 Sulphurated Antimony. See Anti- 
 monium Sulpliuratum. 
 
 Sulphuret of Antimony. See Anti- 
 raonii Sulpliuratum. 
 
 Sumach. See Rhus Glabrum. 
 
 Tamarind. See Tamarindus. 
 
 Tamariii'dus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 
 Tamarind. The preserved fruit of Tama - 
 rin'dus fn'dica. 
 
 Tartar Emetic. See Antimonii et 
 Potassae Tartras. 
 
 Tartarated Antimony. See Antimo- 
 11 i m m Tartaratum. 
 
 Tartaric Acid. See Acidum Tarta- 
 ricum. 
 
 Tartarized Antimony. See Antirno- 
 uii et Potassae Tartras. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Potash. 
 
 See Antimonii et Potassae Tartras. 
 
 Yi'num Antimonia'le. (Br. Ph.) 
 Antimonial W me. The same as Vinum 
 Antimonii. 
 
 Yi'num Autimo'nii. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Antimonial Wine, or Wine of Antimony. 
 See Class VIII. 
 
 CLASS VII. 
 
 NERVOUS SEDATIVES. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH, IN THEIR PRIMARY OPERATION, REDUCE AT THE SAME TIME THE 
 NERVOUS POWER AND THE FORCE OF THE CIRCULATION. 
 
 A^'idum Hydrocyan'icum Di- 
 lu'tum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Diluted 
 Hydrocyanic Acid or Prussic Acid. A 
 colorless liquid, having a peculiar odor; 
 specific gravity, 0.997. 
 
 Aconite. See Aeonitum. 
 
 Aconite Root. See Aconiti Radix. 
 
 Aconi'tia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Aconitin. (A deadly poison, except in 
 extremely minute doses.) 
 
 Aconi'ti Fo lium. (U.S. Ph.) Aco- 
 nite Leaf. The leaves of Aconi'tum 
 najjel'lus. 
 
 Aconi'ti Ra'dix. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Aconite Root. The root of Aconi'tum 
 napel'lus (U.S. Ph.). The dried root of 
 Aeonitum napellus (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Aconi'tum. (Br. Ph.) Aconite. 
 Monkshood. The fresh leaves and 
 flowering tops of Aconi'tum napel'lus. 
 
 Black Snakeroot. See Fimicifnga. 
 
 Cherry Laurel Leaves. See JLauro- 
 cerasus. 
 
 ? Cimicif 'uga. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
 Snakeroot. The root of Cimicifuga 
 racemo'sa. See Class II., Section II. 
 
 Cimicifuga Racemo’sa . See Cimi- 
 cifuga. 
 
 ? Col' chi cum. See Class X. 
 
 Cyanide of Potassium. See Potassii 
 
 Cyan id inn. 
 
 Cyanuret of Potassium. See Potassii 
 Cyanuretum. 
 
 Dig-i tali 'num. (Br. Ph.) Digitalin. 
 The active principle obtained from Digi- 
 talis, a white, intensely bitter substance, 
 which is inodorous, but powerfully irri- 
 tates the nostrils. (It is an active poison.) 
 
 Digita'lis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Digi- 
 talis. Foxglove. The leaves of Digi- 
 ta'lis purpu'rea , from plants of the second 
 year’s growth (U.S. Ph.). The dried 
 leaf of Digitalis purpurea, gathered when 
 about two-thirds of the flowers are ex- 
 panded (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Foxglove. See Digitalis. 
 
 ? Gelse'mium. (U.S. Ph.) The root 
 of Gelsemium sempervirens. 
 
 Hydrocyanic Acid. See Acidum 
 Hydroeyanicuin Dilutum. 
 
 Daurocerasus. (Br. Ph.) Cherry 
 Laurel Leaves. The fresh leaves of the 
 Primus lanrocera8us. 
 
 Monkshood. See Aeonitum. 
 
 Nicotia'na Tab'acum. See Tabacum. 
 
 Oil of Almonds (Oleum Amygda- 
 lae). See Class XIX. 
 
 Oil of Bitter Almonds. See Oleum 
 Amygdalae Amarae. 
 
 O'leum Amyg'dalae Ama'rae. (U. 
 S. Ph.) Oil of Bitter Almonds. The oil 
 obtained by distilling with water the 
 kernels of the fruit of Amyg' dalus com- 
 mit' nis, variety ama'ra. 
 
 Potas'sii Cyau'idum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Cyanide of Potassium. A substance in 
 627 
 
NERVOUS SEDATIVES.— EMETICS. 
 
 white, opaque, amorphous pieces, having 
 an alkaline reaction. 
 
 Potas'sii Cyanure' turn. See Potassii 
 Cyanidum. 
 
 Prussic Acid. See Acidum Mydro- 
 eyanicum. 
 
 ? Spir’itus PyroxyV icus. Pyroxylic 
 Spirit. 
 
 Tab'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Tobacco. The dried leaves of Nicotia’na 
 tab'acum. 
 
 Tobacco. See Tabacum, 
 
 CLASS YIII. 
 
 EMETICS. 
 
 MEDICINES CAPABLE OP PRODUCING VOMITING IN CERTAIN DOSES, AND AS AN ORDI- 
 NARY RESULT. 
 
 SECTION I —Vegetable Emetics. 
 
 Ace'tum Scil'lae. (U.S. Ph.) Vine- 
 gar of Squill. See Class XII. 
 
 Adder’s Tongue. SeeErythronium. 
 
 American Hellebore. See Veratrum 
 Vi ride. 
 
 Apos'ynusn AndrosseEEiifo'lium. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Dogsbane. The root of 
 Apocynam androssemi 'folium. 
 
 Apoc'yiiwiii CamiaM'mmii. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Indian Hemp. The root of Apoc- 
 ynum cannabinum. 
 
 Ascle'pias Curassavi' ca. Bastard Ipe- 
 cacuanha, or Blood Weed. 
 
 Ascle'pias Incarna'ta. Flesh-colored 
 Asclepias. 
 
 Azed'arach. (U.S. Ph.) See Class IX. 
 
 Bloodroot. See Sanguinaria. 
 
 Blue Flag. See Iris Versicolor. 
 
 Buckbean. See Menyanthes Tri- 
 foliata. 
 
 Cephae'lis Ipecacuan'ha. See Ipe- 
 cacuanha. 
 
 Delphin'ium Staphisa’gria. Stavesacre. 
 
 Erythro'nium America' num. Adder’s 
 Tongue. 
 
 Eupato'rinm. (U.S. Ph.) Tho- 
 roughwort, or Boneset. See Class II., 
 Section III., and Class XI., Section I. 
 
 Euphor bia ( orolla'ta. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Spurge, or Large-flowering Spurge. The 
 root of Euphorbia corollata. 
 
 Euphorbia Ipecacuan ha. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Ipecacuanha Spurge. The root 
 of Euphorbia ipjecacuanha. 
 
 Fever Root. See Triosteum. 
 
 Flesh-colored Asclepias. See Ascle- 
 pias Incarnata. 
 
 Florentine Orris. See Iris Floren- 
 tina. 
 
 Gille'nia. (U.S. Ph.) The root of 
 G tile' nia trifolia' ta, and of Gille’nia 
 stipula'cea. 
 
 Gille'nia Trifolia' ta. See Gillenia. 
 
 628 
 
 Indian Tobacco. See Eobelia. 
 
 Ipecacuan'ha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Ipecacuan. The root of Cephae’lis ipe- 
 cacuan'ha (U.S. Ph.). The dried root of 
 Cepha'elis ipecacuanha (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Ipecacuanha Spurge. See Euphor- 
 bia Ipecacuanha. 
 
 I'ris Florenti'na. (U.S. Ph.) Flo- 
 rentine Orris. The rhizoma of Iris Flo- 
 rentina. See Class IX. 
 
 I'ris Versic'olor. (U.S. Ph.) Blue 
 Flag. The rhizoma of Iris versicolor. 
 
 Eobe'Iia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Indian 
 Tobacco. The herb of Lobe’ Ha infla'ta 
 (U.S. Ph.). The herb in flower, dried, 
 of Lobelia inflata (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Marsh Trefoil. See Menyanthes 
 TritMiata. 
 
 Me’lia Azed'arach. See Azedarach. 
 
 Menyan'tlies Trifolia' ta. Buckbean, or 
 Marsh Trefoil. 
 
 Milkweed. See Euphorbia Corol- 
 lata. 
 
 Mustard. Sec Sinapis. 
 
 Nicotia’na Tab'acum. See Tabacum. 
 
 Phytolac'ca. See Phytolacca? Kac- 
 cse. 
 
 Phytolac'ca? Bac'ca?. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Poke Berries. The berries of Phyto- 
 lac'ca decan'dra. 
 
 Phytolac'ca? Radix. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Poke Root. The root of Phytolacca 
 decan'dra. 
 
 Poke Berries. See Phytolaccse 
 
 Baccce. 
 
 Poke Root. Sec Phytolacca? Radix. 
 
 Polyg'ala Sen'ega. See Senega. 
 
 Pride of China, or Pride of India. 
 See Azodarach. 
 
 Queen’s Root. See Stilling-ia. 
 
 Sanguina'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Blood- 
 root. The rhizoma of Sanguina'ria Cana- 
 den'8is. 
 
 Scsl'Ia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Squill. 
 See Class XII. 
 
MINERAL EMETICS. 
 
 Sen'ega. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Seneka. 
 See Class XII. 
 
 Seneka. See Senega. 
 
 Sina pis. (Br. Ph.) Mustard. See 
 next article. 
 
 Sina'pis Al'ba. (U.S. Ph.) White 
 Mustard. See Class XVII. 
 
 Spurge. See Euphorbia Corollata. 
 
 Squill. Sec Scilla. 
 
 Stavesacre. See Delphinium Sta- 
 ph isagria. 
 
 Stillin'gia. (U.S. Ph.) The root 
 of Stillin'gia sylvat'ica. 
 
 Tab'acuni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) To- 
 bacco. See Class VII. 
 
 Tobacco. See Tabacum. 
 
 Trios'teum. (U.S. Ph.) Fever Root, 
 or Wild Ipecac. See Class IX. 
 
 Vera'tria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) An 
 alkaloid obtained from cevadilla. A pale- 
 gray, intensely acrid and bitter sub- 
 stance, without smell, but, in the most 
 minute quantity, powerfully irritating 
 the nostrils. (An active poison.) 
 
 Yera'trum Album. (U.S. Ph.) 
 White Hellebore. The rhizoma of Ve- 
 ratmm album. 
 
 Vera'trum Vir'ide. (U.S. Ph.) 
 American Hellebore. The rhizoma of 
 Veratnim viride. 
 
 Vinegar of Squill. See Acetuin 
 Scilla*. 
 
 White Hellebore. See Veratrum 
 Album. 
 
 Wild Ipecac. See Triosteiim. 
 
 SECTION II, — Mineral Emetics, 
 
 Antimonial Powder. See Fulvis 
 Antimonial is. 
 
 Antimo nii ct Potas's«*e Tar'tras. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Tartar Emetio. Tartrate of 
 Antimony and Potassa. A salt occur- 
 ring in transparent crystals, which be- 
 come white and opaque on exposure to 
 the air. 
 
 Antimo'nii Ox'icluin. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Oxide of Antimony. A white or 
 grayish-white powder, insoluble in water. 
 
 Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Sulphuret of Antimony. Native 
 tersulphuret of antimony, purified by 
 fusion. 
 
 Antimo'nium Sulphura'tum. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) Sulphurated Antimony. See 
 Class XI. 
 
 Antimo'nium Tartara'tum. (Br. 
 Ph.) Tartarated Antimony, or Tartar 
 
 Emetic. The same as Antimonii et 
 Potassa* Tartras. 
 
 Bichromate of Lead. See Plumbi 
 
 Bicbromas. 
 
 Bichromate of Potassa. See Potassa? 
 Bicbromas. 
 
 Blue Vitriol. See Fupri Snlplias. 
 Chloride of Sodium. See Sodii t lilo- 
 r id 11 m. 
 
 Cu'pri Sulphas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Sulphate of Copper, or Blue Vitriol. 
 See Class XVIII. 
 
 Ilydrar'gyri Sulphas Fla'va. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Yellow Sulphate of Mercury, 
 or Turpeth Mineral. A lemon-yellow 
 powder, sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 Oxide of Antimony. See Antimonii 
 Oxidum. 
 
 Plum bi Bichro'mas. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Bichromate of Lead. 
 
 Polas'sa? Bichro'mas. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Bichromate of Potassa. A substance in 
 the form of orange-red, anhydrous, tabu- 
 lar crystals. 
 
 Pul'vis Antimonia'lis. (Br. Ph.) 
 Antimonial Powder. See Class XI. 
 
 Salt. See Sodii Cliloridum. 
 
 ? So'dii Fhlo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
 Salt. See Class II., Section V. 
 
 Sulphate of Copper. See Cupri Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc. See Zinci Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Sulphurated Antimony. See Anti- 
 monium Sulphuratum. 
 
 Sulphuret of Antimony. See Anti- 
 monii Sulphu return. 
 
 Tartar Emetic. See Antimonii et 
 Potassje Tartras. 
 
 Tartarated Antimony. See Antimo- 
 nium Tartaratum. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa. 
 See Antimonii et Potassse Tar- 
 tras. 
 
 Turpeth Mineral. See Hydrargyri 
 Sulphas Flava. 
 
 Yi'num Antimo'nii. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Antimonial Wine, or Wine of Antimony. 
 A solution of tartar emetic in sherry 
 wine. See Class XI. 
 
 White Vitriol. See Zinci Sulphas. 
 Yellow Sulphate of Mercury. See 
 Hydrargyri Sulphas Flava. 
 
 Zaaa'^i Sul'phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Zinc, or White Vitriol. A 
 substance occurring in colorless crys- 
 tals. 
 
 629 
 
VEGETABLE CATHARTICS. 
 
 CLASS IX. 
 
 CATHARTICS. 
 
 VEDICINES WHICH PRODUCE EVACUATIONS FROM THE BOWELS. 
 
 SECTION I— Vegetable Cathartics, 
 
 ? Ai'etris. (U.S. Ph.) Star Grass. 
 See Class II., Section II. 
 
 Aloe Barbaden'sis. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Barbadoes Aloes. The inspissated 
 juice of the leaves of Al'oe vulga'ris. 
 
 Al'oe Capen'sis. (U.S. Ph.) Cape 
 Aloes. 
 
 Al'oe Hepat'ica. Hepatic Aloes. 
 
 Al'oe Socotri'na. (U.S. and Br 
 Ph.) Socotrine Aloes. The inspissated 
 juice of the leaves of the Aloe Socotrina 
 (U.S. Ph.). The inspissated juice of the 
 leaves of one or more undetermined 
 species of Aloe (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Al’oe Vulga'ris. See Aloe Barba- 
 clensis. 
 
 Aloes. See Aloe Barbadensis, <fcc. 
 
 American Senna. See Cassia Mari- 
 landica. 
 
 A'pium PetroseW num. See Petrose- 
 liiiuin. 
 
 Apo?'ynnm Carniabi'imm. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Indian Hemp. See Class VIII. 
 
 Asagrse'a OJjicina'lis. See Sabadilla. 
 
 ? Ascle'pias. (U.S. Ph.) Butterfly- 
 weed. See Class XI. 
 
 ? Ascle'pias Incarna'ta. Flesh-colored 
 Asclepias. 
 
 ? Ascle'pias Syri’aca. Common Milk- 
 weed, or Silkweed. 
 
 Ascle'pias Tubero’sa. See Asclepias. 
 
 Azed'araeh. (U.S. Ph.) The bark 
 of the root of Me'lia azed! arach. 
 
 Barbadoes Nut. See C ureas Pur- 
 gans. 
 
 Bear’s-foot. See Helleborus Fceti- 
 dus. 
 
 Be'la. Bael. The ripe fruit of the 
 JE’gle Mar'melos. (A bland and excellent 
 aperient.) See Class I., Section I. 
 
 Benne Oil. See Oleum Sesami. 
 
 Black Hellebore. See Helleborus. 
 
 Bladder Senna. See Colutea Arbo- 
 rescens. 
 
 Blue Flag. See Iris Versicolor. 
 
 Bryony. The root of Bryo'niaal'ba . 
 
 Buckbean. See Henyanthes Trifo- 
 liata. 
 
 Buckthorn. See Rliamuus Cathar- 
 ticus. 
 
 Burdock. See Lappa. 
 
 630 
 
 Butterflyweed. See Asclepias. 
 
 Butternut. See Juglans. 
 
 Cambo'gia. (Br. Ph.) Gamboge. 
 The gum resin of an undetermined spe- 
 cies of G arcin' ia. See Gambogia. 
 
 Car'thamus. (U.S. Ph.) Safliower, or 
 Dyer’s Saffron. (Laxative.) See Class XL 
 
 Cas'sia. (Br. Ph.) Purging Cassia. 
 The pulp of the pods of Cas'sia Jis'- 
 tula. See Cassia Fistula. 
 
 Cas'sia Acutifo'lia. See Senna. 
 
 Cas'sia Elonga’ta. See Senna. 
 
 Cas'sia Fis'tula. (U.S. Ph.) Purg- 
 ing Cassia. The fruit of Cassia fistula. 
 
 Cas'sia Marilan'dica. (U.S. Ph.) 
 American Senna. The leaves of Cassia 
 Marilandica. 
 
 Cas'sia Obova'ta. See Senna. 
 
 Castor Oil. See Oleum Kiciui. 
 
 Celandine. See Cbelidonium Majus. 
 
 Cevadilla. See Sabadilla. 
 
 Chelido'nium Ma'jus. Celandine. 
 
 Cissam' pelos Parei'ra. See Pareira. 
 
 Citrul'lus Colocyn' this. See Colocyn- 
 tbis. 
 
 ? Col'chicum. See Classes XXI. and X. 
 
 Colocynth. See Colocyntbis. 
 
 Colocyn this. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Colocynth. The fruit, deprived of its 
 rind, of Citrul'lus colocyn'this. 
 
 Colu'tea Arbores'gens. Bladder Senna. 
 
 Common Silkweed. See Asclepias 
 Syriaca. 
 
 Convol' vulu8 Pandura'tus. Wild Potato. 
 
 Convol'vulus Scammo'nia. See Scam- 
 monium. 
 
 Copai ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Co- 
 paiva. See Class X. 
 
 Copaiva. See Copaiba. 
 
 Croton Oil. See Oleum Tiglii, or 
 Crotonis Oleum. 
 
 Cro'ton Tig' Hum. See Oleum Tiglii. 
 
 Croto'nis O'leum. See Oleum Cro- 
 tonis. 
 
 Cu'cumie Colocyn’this. See Colocyn- 
 this. 
 
 Cur'eas Pur' gans. Barbadoes Nut. 
 
 Delphin'inm Stajjhisa'gria. St.avcsacre. 
 
 Dyer’s Saffron. See Cartliamus. 
 
 Flate'rium. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) A 
 substance deposited by the juice of the 
 fruit of Momor'dica elate'rium (U.S. Ph.). 
 A sediment from the expressed juice of 
 
VEGETABLE CATHARTICS. 
 
 the fruit of Eeba' lium officinal rum (Br. 
 Ph.). 
 
 Elder. See Sambueus. 
 
 Euon'ymus Atropurpu’ reus. Wahoo. 
 
 Exogo'nium Pur'ga. See Jalapa. 
 
 Extract of Butternut. See Extrac- 
 tum Ju^landis. 
 
 FiXtrae'tuin Juglaii'dis. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Extract of Butternut. 
 
 Fever Root. See Triosteum. 
 
 Fi'cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Fig. 
 (Laxative.) 
 
 Fig. See Ficus. 
 
 Flesh-colored Asclepias. See Ascle- 
 pias Incarnata. 
 
 Florentine Orris. See Iris Floren- 
 tina. 
 
 Frax'inus Or'nus. See Manna. 
 
 Gamboge. See Qambogia. 
 
 Gambo'gla. (U.S. Ph.) Gamboge. 
 The concrete juice of an undetermined 
 tree. 
 
 Grat'iola Officina’ lis. Hedge Hyssop. 
 
 Helleb'orus. (U.S. Ph.) Black Hel- 
 lebore. The root of Hellcb’ orus ni'yer. 
 
 Helleb' orus Foet’idus. BeaFs-foot. See 
 Class XXIII. 
 
 Honey. See Mel. 
 
 Horehound. See Marrubium. 
 
 Ipomse'a Jala'pa, or Ipomse'a Pur'ga. 
 See .Falapa. 
 
 I'ris Florenti'na, (U.S. Ph.) Flo- 
 rentine Orris. The rhizoma of Iris Flo- 
 rentina. 
 
 I'ris Versic'olor. (U.S. Ph.) Blue 
 Flag. The rhizoma of Iris versicolor. 
 
 Jala'pa. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Jalap. 
 The root of Exogo’nium pur'ga, or Ipo- 
 mse'a jala' pa. 
 
 Jala’pse Besi'na. (Br. Ph.) See Re- 
 sina Jalapa;. 
 
 Jat'ropha Pur'qans . See Curcas Pur- 
 grans. 
 
 Ju'glans. (U.S. Ph.) Butternut. 
 The inner bark of the root of the Jug- 
 lans cinerea. 
 
 Eap'pa. (U.S. Ph.) Burdock. The 
 root of Lap’ pa mi’ nor, 
 
 Eeptan'dra. (U.S. Ph.) The root 
 of Veron' ica Virgin' ica (otherwise called 
 Leptandra Virginica). 
 
 Leptan'drin. A resinous extract from 
 the root of Veron’ ica Virgin’ica. 
 
 Li’num Cathar' ticum. Purging Flax. 
 
 ? Eith'iseCi'tras. (Br. Ph.) Citrate 
 of Lithia. 
 
 Man na. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
 concrete juice, in flakes, of Frax’inus 
 omits, and of Frax’inus rotundifo’lia. 
 
 ? Marru'bium. (U.S. Ph.) Hore- 
 hound. See Class II. 
 
 Marsh Trefoil. See Menyanthes, 
 
 May Apple. See Podophyllum. 
 
 Mel. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Honey. 
 
 J fe'lia Azed'arach. See Azedarach. 
 
 Menyan'thes Trifolia’ ta. Buckbean, 
 or Marsh Trefoil. 
 
 Molasses. See Syrupus Iuscus. 
 
 Momor'dica Elate' rium. See Elate- 
 rium. 
 
 Mustard. See Sinapis Alba, 
 
 Oleum Croto'nis. (Br. Ph.) Croton 
 Oil. The same as Oleum Tiglii. 
 
 ? O'letnn Ei'ni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Flaxseed or Linseed Oil. See Class XX. 
 
 Oleum Oli'vse. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Olive Oil, or Sweet Oil. The oil ex- 
 pressed from the fruit of the O'lea Eu- 
 ropue’a. (Laxative.) 
 
 Oleum Rimini. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Castor Oil. The oil expressed from the 
 seeds of Riq'inus commit’ nis. 
 
 Oleum Ses'ami. (U.S. Ph.) Benne 
 Oil. 
 
 Oleum Terebin'thinse. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Oil of Turpentine. See Class X. 
 
 Oleum Tiglii. (U.S. Ph.) Croton 
 Oil. The oil obtained from the seeds of 
 Croton tiglium. 
 
 Olive Oil. See Oleum Olivse. 
 
 Parei'ra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Pareira 
 Brava. The root of Cissam' pelos parei’ ra. 
 
 Parei’ra Bra'va. See Pareira. 
 
 Parsley Root. See Petrosclinum. 
 
 Petrosel i'num. (U.S. Ph.) Pars- 
 ley Root. (Aperient.) See Class X. 
 
 Phytolacca; Ra dix. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Poke Root. See Class VIII. 
 
 Pleurisy Root. See Asclepias Tu- 
 berosa. 
 
 Podophyl'li Resilia. (Br. Ph.) 
 See Resina Podopliylli. 
 
 Podophyllin. See Resina Podo- 
 pliylli. 
 
 Podophyllum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 May Apple. The rhizoma of PodophyV - 
 lum pelta'tum . 
 
 Polyg'ala Rubella? (U.S. Ph.) 
 The root and herb of Polygala rubella. 
 
 Pride of China, or Pride of India. See 
 Azedarach. 
 
 Prune. See Prunum. 
 
 Pru num. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Prune. 
 The dried fruit of Pru’nus domes' tica. (A 
 mild laxative.) 
 
 Pru'nus Domes' tica. See Prunum. 
 
 Purging Cassia. See Cassia Fistula, 
 
 Purging Flax. See Linum Cathar- 
 ticum. 
 
 Queen’s Root. See Stillingia. 
 
 Resilia Jala'pje. (U.S. Ph.) Resin 
 of Jalap. 
 
 631 
 
VEGETABLE CATHARTICS.— MINERAL CATHARTICS. 
 
 Resi'na Podophyl'li. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Resin of Podophyllum. 
 
 Resi na Scammo'nii. (U.S. Ph.) 
 
 Resin of Scammony. 
 
 Rham'nns Cathar’ticus. Buckthorn. 
 Rhe um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Rhu- 
 barb. The root of Rhe’um palma' turn 
 and of other species of Rlienm (U.S. 
 Ph.). The root of one or more undeter- 
 mined species of Rheum (Br. Ph.). 
 Rhubarb. See Hlieum. 
 
 Riv’tnus Commu’ nis. See Oleum Ri- 
 cini. 
 
 Sabadil'la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ceva- 
 dilla. The fruit of Vera’lrnm sabadil'la 
 (U.S. Ph.). The dried fruit of Asagrse’a 
 officina’lis (Ir. Ph.). 
 
 Sambu'cu s. Elder. The inner bark. 
 See Class XI. 
 
 Sa'po. (U.S. Ph.) Soap. Soap made 
 with soda and olive oil. (Mostly given 
 in combination with other medicines). 
 Sa'po Vulga'ris. Common Soap. See 
 
 Sapo. 
 
 Scammo'nise Radix. (Br. Ph.) 
 
 Scammony Root. 
 
 Scammo'nise Resi'na. (Br. Ph.) 
 See Resina Scammonii. 
 
 Scainmo'nium. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Scammony. The concrete juice of the 
 root of Convol’ vulus scammo'nia (U.S. 
 Ph.). A gum resin obtained from the 
 living root of Convolvulus scammonia 
 (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Scammony. See Seammoniuin. 
 
 ? Sen'ega. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Seneka. 
 See Class XII. 
 
 Seneka. See Senega. 
 
 Sen na. (U.S. Ph.) Senna. The 
 leaflets of Cas'sia acutifo'lia , of Cas'sia 
 obova’ta, and of Cas’sia elonga’ta. 
 
 Sen'na Alexandri'na. (Br. Ph.) 
 Alexandrian Senna. The leaves of Cas- 
 sia lanceolata and Cassia obovata. 
 
 Sen'na In'dica. (Br. Ph.) Tinni- 
 velly Senna. The leaves of Cassia elon- 
 gata. 
 
 Sina'pis. (Br.'Ph.) Mustard. See 
 Class XVII. 
 
 Sina'pis Al'ba. (U.S. Ph.) Mus- 
 tard. (The unbroken seed is laxative.) 
 See Class XVII. 
 
 Sina'pis Ni'gra. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
 Mustard. See Class XVII. 
 
 Stavesacre. See Delphinium. 
 Stillin'gia. (U.S. Ph.) Queen’s 
 Root. The root of Stillin'gia sylvut’ica. 
 Sweet Oil. See Oleum Olivse. 
 Syru'pus Fus'cus. (U.S. Ph.) 
 “ Brown Syrup,” or Molasses. (Laxa- 
 tive.) 
 
 Tamarin'dus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Tamarind. (Aperient.) See Class VI. 
 
 Tarax acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Dandelion. See Class X. 
 
 ? Terebin'thina. (U.S. Ph.) Tur- 
 pentine. See Class X. 
 
 Theri'aca. (Br. Ph.) Treacle. The 
 uncrystallized residue of the refining of 
 sugar. See Syrupus Fuscus. 
 
 Treacle. See Theriaca. 
 
 Trios' teurn. (U.S. Ph.) Fever Root. 
 The root of Trios'teum perfolia’tnm. 
 Turpentine. See Terebintbina. 
 Vera'tria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) An 
 alkaloid obtained from cevadilla. See 
 Clas^ VIII., Section I. 
 
 Vera'trum Al bum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 White Hellebore. See Class VIII., Sec- 
 tion I. 
 
 ? Vera'trum Vir'ide. (U.S. Ph.) 
 American Hellebore. See Class VIII. 
 Veron'ica Virgin’ica. Sec Leptandra. 
 Wahoo. See Euonymus Atropur- 
 pureus. 
 
 White Hellebore. See Yeratrnm 
 Album. 
 
 Wild Ipecac. See Triosteum. 
 
 Wild Potato. See Convolvulus 
 Panduratus. 
 
 SECTION II— Mineral Cathartics. 
 
 Acetate of Magnesia. See Magnesise 
 Acetas. 
 
 Acetate of Potassa. See Potassse 
 Acetas. 
 
 Antimonial Powder. See Pulvis An- 
 
 timonialis. 
 
 Bitartrate of Potassa. See Potassa? 
 Bitartras. 
 
 Black Oxide of Mercury. See Hy- 
 
 drargyri Oxidum Nigrum. 
 
 Brimstone. See Sulphur. 
 
 Calcined Magnesia. See Magnesia. 
 Calomel. See Calomelas. 
 Calom'elas. (Br. Ph.) Calomel. Same 
 
 as Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia. See Magne- 
 sia* Carbon as. 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium. See Mag- 
 nesii Chloridum. 
 
 Citrate of Potassa. See Potassae 
 Citras. 
 
 Citrate of Soda. Sec Soda* Citras. 
 Cream of Tartar. See Potassa* Bi- 
 tar I ras. 
 
 Crystals of Tartar. See Potassse 
 Bitartras. 
 
 Epsom Salts. See Magnesia? Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Glauber’s Salts. See Soda? Sulphas. 
 
 C32 
 
MINERAL CATHARTICS. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridum Mi'te. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Calomel. Mild Chloride of 
 Mercury. See Class XXI. 
 
 Hydrar' gyri Ox'idum Ni'grum. Black 
 Oxide of Mercury. See Classes XIY. 
 and XXI. 
 
 Liquor Magne'siae Uitra'tis. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Solution of Citrate of Mag- 
 nesia. 
 
 Magne'sia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Cal- 
 cined Magnesia. A white powder in- 
 soluble in water, but readily dissolved by 
 acids without effervescence. 
 
 Magnc' six Ace'tas. Acetate of Mag- 
 nesia. 
 
 Magne'siae Uarbo'uas. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Magnesia. A 
 white substance in powder or pulverulent 
 masses, Avholly dissolved by dilute sul- 
 phuric acid. 
 
 Mague'siae Sulphas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Sulphate of Magnesia, or Epsom 
 Salts. A salt in minute colorless crys- 
 tals, which slowly effloresce on exposure 
 to the air, and are very soluble in water. 
 
 Maynv'sii Chlo'ridum . Chloride of 
 
 Magnesium. 
 
 Mangaue'sii Sulphas. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Manganese. (Cholagogue.) 
 Mild Chloride of Mercury. See Hy- 
 
 tlrargyri ( Edoi iduiu Mite. 
 
 Muriate of Magnesia. See Maguesii 
 
 thloriduiu. 
 
 Phosphate of Soda. See Sodae Phos- 
 plias. 
 
 Potas'sae Ace'tas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Acetate of Potassa. See Class X. 
 
 Potas'sae Bi tar'tras. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Bitartrate of Potassa, or Cream of Tartar. 
 See Class VI. 
 
 Potas'sae Ci'tras. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Citrate of Potassa. (A cooling 
 aperient.) See Class XI. 
 
 Potas'sae et So'dae Tar tras. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Tartrate of Potash and Soda, or 
 Rochelle Salt. A substance in colorless 
 transparent crystals, which are wholly 
 and readily soluble in five parts of boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 Potas'sae Sul phas. (L T .S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Sulphate of Potash, sometimes 
 called Vitriolated Tartar. A salt in hard 
 colorless crystals, unalterable in the air, 
 sparingly soluble in water, and insoluble 
 in alcohol. 
 
 Potas'sae Tar 'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Tartrate of Potash. A salt in white 
 or colorless crystals, wholly and readily 
 soluble in four parts of boiling water. 
 
 Potas'sae Tar'tras A^'ida. (Br. 
 
 54 
 
 Ph.) Acid Tartrate of Potash. The 
 
 same as Potassae Bi tartras. 
 
 ? Pul' vis Antiinonia'lis. (Br. Ph.) 
 Antimonial Powder. See Class XI. 
 
 Rochelle Salt. See Sodae et Potas- 
 sae Tartras. 
 
 Salt. See Sodii Chloridum. 
 
 So'dx Ci'tras. Citrate of Soda. 
 
 So'dae et Potas'sae Tar'tras. (Br. 
 Ph.) Tartrate of Potash and Soda, or 
 Rochelle Salt. See Potassae et Sodae 
 Tartras. 
 
 So'dae PEtos pitas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Phosphate of Soda. A salt in 
 colorless transparent crystals, which 
 speedily effloresce when exposed to the 
 air. It is wholly soluble in water, but 
 insoluble in alcohol. 
 
 So'dae Sulphas. (U.S. Ph.) Sul- 
 phate of Soda, or Glauber’s Salts. A salt 
 in colorless crystals, which rapidly efflo- 
 resce on exposure to the air, and are 
 wholly soluble in water. 
 
 So' dee Tar'tras. Tartrate of Soda. 
 
 So'dii Olio riduni. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chloride of Sodium. Common 
 Salt. See Class II., Section III. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Magnesia. See 
 Uquor Magnesiae Citratis. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur. See Sulphur 
 Subliuiatum. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia. See Magne- 
 sia Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Manganese. See Man- 
 g-auesii Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Potash. See Potassae 
 Sulphas. 
 
 Sulphate of Soda. See Sodae Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Sul'phur Lo'tum. (U. S. Ph.) 
 Washed Sulphur. Sublimed sulphur 
 thoroughly washed with water. See 
 Class XI. 
 
 Sul'phur Praeeipita'tum. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Precipitated Sulphur. 
 See Class XI. 
 
 Sul'phur Sublima'tum. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Sublimed Sulphur. A greenish- 
 yellow powder which is entirely volati- 
 lized by heat. 
 
 Tartrate of Potash. See Potassae 
 Tartras. 
 
 Tartrate of Potash and Soda. See 
 
 Potassae et Sodae Tartras. 
 
 Tartrate of Soda. See Sodae Tar- 
 tras. 
 
 Vitriolated Tartar. See Potassae 
 Sulphas. 
 
 Washed Sulphur. See Sulphur Lo- 
 t u in. 
 
 633 
 
DIURETICS. 
 
 CLASS X. 
 
 DIURETICS. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH INCREASE THE SECRETION OP URINE. 
 
 A'bies Balsa' mea. SeeTerebinthina. 
 Acetate of Potassa. See Potass* 
 Ac etas. 
 
 Acetate of Soda. See Sod* Acetas. 
 Ace'tum Col'chici. (U.S. Ph.) Vine- 
 gar of Colchicum. 
 
 ? Ace'tum Scil'l*. (U.S. Ph.) Vine- 
 gar of Squill. 
 
 ? Aconite. See Aconitum. 
 
 ? Aconi tum. (Br. Ph.) Aconite. 
 American Hellebore. See Ve rat rum 
 
 Viride. 
 
 Ammo nite Benzo'as. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Benzoate of Ammonia. 
 
 Anacar'dium Occidenta'le. Cashew 
 Nut. See Class XVIII. 
 
 A'pium Petroseli'num. See Petrose- 
 linum. 
 
 Apo$'ynum Cannabi'num. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Indian Hemp. See Class VIII. 
 
 A 'qua A^j'idiCarbon'ici. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Carbonic Acid Water. See Class XI. 
 
 ? Ar'butus U'va Ur' si. See Class I. 
 Arinora'cia. (Br. Ph.) Horseradish 
 Root. The fresh root of Cochlea'ria 
 annora'cia. See Class XV. 
 
 Artichoke (Garden). See Cynara 
 Scolymus. 
 
 Aspar'agus OJJicina'lis. 
 
 At'ropa Belladon'na. See Bella- 
 donna. 
 
 Balsam of Copaiva. See Copaiba. 
 Baras' ma Crena'ta , Baros'ma Betuli'na, 
 
 etc. See Bucliu, and Bucco. 
 
 Belladon'na. (Br. Ph.) The same 
 as Belladonn* Folium. 
 
 Belladonna Leaf. See Belladonn* 
 Folium. 
 
 Belladonna Root. See Belladonna? 
 Radix. 
 
 Belladon na? Fo'lium. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Belladonna Leaf. See Class V. 
 
 Belladon'n* Ra'dix. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Belladonna Root. See Class V. 
 Biborate of Soda. See Borax. 
 Bicarbonate of Potassa. See Potas- 
 s* Bicarbonas. 
 
 Bitartrate of Potash. See Potass* 
 Bit art ran. 
 
 Borate of Soda. See Soda? Boras. 
 Bo'rax. (Br. Ph.) Biborate of Soda. 
 Borax. 
 
 Broom. See Scoparius. 
 
 634 
 
 Buc'co. (Br. Ph.) Buchu. The dried 
 leaves of Baros'ma betuli'na , B. crenula' ta, 
 and B. serratifo'lia. See next article. 
 
 Bu'cliu. (U.S. Ph.) Buchu, or Bookoo. 
 The leaves of Baros'ma crena'ta (Dios'- 
 ma crena'ta), and of other species of Ba- 
 rosma. 
 
 Burdock. See Lappa. 
 
 Cakin' ca or Guinea. 
 
 Canada Turpentine. See Terebin- 
 
 thina. 
 
 Cantharides. See Cantharis. 
 
 Cantharis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Span- 
 ish Flies, or Canthar'ides. See Class 
 XVI. 
 
 Can't.haris Vitta'ta. Potato Flies. See 
 Class XVI. 
 
 Cap'paris Spino'sa. Caper-Bush. 
 
 Carbonate of Potash. See Potass* 
 Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonic Acid Water. See Aqua 
 Acidi Carbon ici. 
 
 Caro'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Carrot Seed, and 
 Root of Wild Carrot. Dau'cns caro'ta. 
 
 Cashew Nut. See Anacardium 
 Occident ale. 
 
 CtiimapSi'sla. (U.S. Ph.) Pipsis- 
 sewa. The leaves of Chimaph'ila umbel- 
 la' ta. 
 
 Cissam'pelos Parei'ra. See Pareira. 
 
 Clem'atis Erec'ta (Virgin’s Bower), and 
 other species of Clematis. 
 
 Cochlea' ria Annora'cia. See Armo- 
 
 racia. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Officina' lis. Scurvy Grass. 
 
 Col'chici Cor'mus. (Br. Ph.) Col- 
 chicum Corm. The same as Colchici 
 Radix. 
 
 Col'chici Ra'dix. (U.S. Ph.) Col- 
 chicum Root. See Class XXI. 
 
 Col'chici Se'men. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Colchicum Seed. See Class XX I. 
 
 Colchicum Root. See Colchici Ra- 
 dix. 
 
 Colchicum Seed. See Colchici Se- 
 men. 
 
 ? Convol'vulus Pandura'ius. Wild Po- 
 tato. See Class IX., Section I. 
 
 Copai ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Co- 
 paiva, or Balsam of Copaiba. The juice 
 of Copaifera multij'uga , and of other 
 species of Copaifera (U.S. Ph.). Tho 
 oleo-resin obtained from the trunk of 
 
DIURETICS. 
 
 Cvpaifera wultijuga and other species of 
 Copaiftru (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Copaiffi era Multi f uga. See Copaiba. 
 
 Copaiva. Set Copaiba. 
 
 Coryd'alis Formo'sa . Turkey Corn. 
 
 Creasote. See Creasotum. 
 
 Creaso'tum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Crea- 
 gote. See Class V. 
 
 Cube'ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Cubeb, 
 or Cubebs. The berrits of Pi' per cube'ba 
 (U.S. Ph.). The unripe fruit, dried, of 
 Cube'ba officinalis (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Cyn'ara Scol'ymus. Garden Artichoke. 
 
 Cyt'isus Scopa' riu8. See Scoparius. 
 
 Dandelion. See Taraxacum. 
 
 Daph'ne Gnid'ium. See Mezereum. 
 
 Daph'ne Mezere' um . See Mezereum. 
 
 Dau'ci Ra'dix. Garden Carrot Root. 
 
 Dau'cus Caro'ta. See Carota. 
 
 Delptiin'ium. (U.S. Ph.) Larkspur. 
 The seed of Delphinium consol' ida. 
 
 ? Delphinium Staphisa'gria. Staves- 
 acre. 
 
 Digitalis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Fox- 
 glove. Digitalis. See Class VII. 
 
 Dios'ma Crena'ta. See Buchii. 
 
 Dulcamara. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Bittersweet. See Class V. 
 
 Epige'a Re' pens. Trailing Arbutus. 
 
 Erig'eron. (U.S. Ph.) Fleabane. 
 The herb of Erig'eron heterophyl'lum 
 and of Erig'eron PhiladeV phicxnn. 
 
 Erig'eron Canaden 'sc. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Canada Fleabane. The herb of Erigeron 
 Canadense . 
 
 Erig'eron Heterophyl'lum. See Erige- 
 rou. 
 
 Fer'ri lod'idum. (Br. Ph.) Iodide 
 of Iron. See Class XIII. and Class II., 
 Section V. 
 
 Fleabane. See Erig'eron. 
 
 Foxglove. See Digitalis. 
 
 Garden Artichoke. See Cynara 
 Scolymus. 
 
 Garden Carrot. See Dauei Radix. 
 
 Gene'va. See Oin. 
 
 Gin (Gene'va). Spirit distilled from 
 juniper berries. 
 
 Hellebore, White. See Veratrum 
 Album. 
 
 Hemides'mus. (Br. Ph.) Indian 
 Sarsaparilla. See Class II., Section II. 
 
 Horseradish. See Armoraeia. 
 
 Indian Hemp. See Apoeynum Can- 
 nabinum. 
 
 Indian Sarsaparilla. See Hemides- 
 mus. 
 
 ? I'ris Florenti'na. (U. S. Ph.) 
 Florentine Orris. 
 
 ? I'ris Versic'olor. (U.S. Ph.) Blue 
 Flag. 
 
 Junip'erus. (U.S. Ph.) Juniper. 
 Juniper Berries. The fruit of Junip'erus 
 commu'nis. 
 
 Junip'erus Virginia'na. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Red Cedar. See Class XIII. 
 
 Lactu'ca Viro'sa. Acrid Lettuce. 
 
 Eap'pa. (U. S. Ph.) Burdock. See 
 Class IX. 
 
 Larkspur. See Delphinium. 
 
 Leon' todon Tarax'acum. See Tarax- 
 acum. 
 
 Liquor Cal'cii Clilo'ridi. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Solution of Chloride of Cal- 
 cium. 
 
 Li quor Potas'sse. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Solution of Potassa. See Class 
 XXII. 
 
 Eycopo'dium. (U. S. Ph.) The 
 sporules of Lycopo'dium clava'tum and 
 other species of Lycopodium . 
 
 Mastic. See Mastiche. 
 
 Mas'ticlie. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Mas- 
 tic. Mastich. The concrete juice of 
 Pista'cia Icntis'cus (U.S. Ph.). A resin- 
 ous exudation from the stem of Pistacia 
 lentiscus (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Meadow Saffron. See Colchici Ra- 
 dix, or Colchicum. 
 
 Mezereon. See Mezereum. 
 
 Mezere um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Me- 
 zereon. See Class XVI. 
 
 Nicotia'na Tab'acum. SeeTabacum. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash. See Potassae A T i- 
 tra§. 
 
 Oil of Copaiba. See Oleum Copaibae. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine. See Oleum Te- 
 rebinthinse. 
 
 O leum Fopai'bse. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Oil of Copaiba. 
 
 O leum Cube'bae. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Oil of Cubeb. 
 
 O leum Junip'eri. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Oil of Juniper. 
 
 O leum Suc\*ini. (U.S. Ph.) Oil 
 of Amber. See Class IV. 
 
 O leum Terebin'thinse. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Oil of Turpentine. The vola- 
 tile oil distilled from the turpentine of 
 Pi'nus pains' tris or Pi'nus tse'da. 
 
 Parei'ra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Pareira 
 Brava. The root of Cissam' pelos parei’ra 
 (U.S. Ph.). The dried root of Cissampe- 
 los pareira (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Parieta'ria Officina'lis. Wall Pelli- 
 tory. 
 
 Parsley Root. See Petroselinum. 
 
 Petroseli'num. (U.S. Ph.) Parsley. 
 The root of Petroseli'num sati’vum , other- 
 wise called A'pium petroseli'num. 
 
 Phos'phorus. (U.S. Ph.) See Class 
 III. 
 
 635 
 
DIURETICS. 
 
 Pi'nus Pains' tris, See Terebinthi- 
 na, and Pix Liquida. 
 
 Pi' per Cube'ba. See Cubeba. 
 
 Pipsissewa. See Cliimaphila. 
 
 Pista'cia Lentis'cus. See Masticlie. 
 
 Pix Li quida. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Tar. The impure turpentine procured 
 by burning from the wood of Pi'nus pa- 
 ins' tris and of other species of Pinna (U.S. 
 Ph.). A bituminous liquid obtained from 
 the wood of Pi'nus sylves'tris and other 
 pines by destructive distillation (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Pol yg' ala Sen' ego. Sec Senega. 
 
 Potas'sse Ace'tas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Acetate of Potassa. A white de- 
 liquescent salt, wholly soluble in water 
 and alcohol. 
 
 Potas'sie Bicarbo'nas. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Bicarbonate of Potassa. Sal 
 seratus. See Class XXII. 
 
 Potas'sae Bitar'tras. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Bitartrate of Potash, or Cream of Tar- 
 tar. See Class YI. 
 
 Potas'sse Carbo'nas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Carbonate of Potash; otherwise 
 called Subcarbonate of Potash. See 
 Class XXII. 
 
 Potas'sse Ni'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Nitrate of Potash, Nitre, or Saltpetre. 
 See Class YI. 
 
 Potato Flies. See Cantliaris Vittata. 
 
 Red Cedar. See Juniperus Virgi- 
 niana. 
 
 Scil'Ia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Squill. 
 See Class XII. 
 
 Scopa'rius. (U. S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Broom. The tops of Cyt'isus scopa'rius 
 (U.S. Ph.). The tops of Sarotham'nus 
 scopa'rius (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Scurvy Grass. See Coclilearia Offi- 
 cinalis. 
 
 Sen'ega. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Seneka. 
 See Class XII. 
 
 Seneka. See Senega. 
 
 ? Serpenta'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Serpentary, or Virginia Snakeroot. See 
 Class II., Section III. 
 
 So'dse Ace'tas. (U.S. Ph.) Acetate 
 of Soda. A substance in white or color- 
 less crystals, which effloresce in dry air, 
 and are wholly soluble in water. 
 
 Soda; Bo'ras. (U.S. Ph.) Borate 
 of Soda, or Borax. See Class YI. 
 
 So'dse Sul phas. (U.S. Ph.) Sul- 
 phate of Soda, or Glauber’s Salts. See 
 Class IX. 
 
 636 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Calcium. See 
 Liquor Calcii Chloridi. 
 
 Solution of Potassa. See Liquor 
 
 Potassa;. 
 
 Spanish Flies. See Cantliaris. 
 Spar'tinm Jun'ceum. Spanish Broom. 
 Spirit of Nitric Ether. See Spiritus 
 iElberis A T itrosi. 
 
 Spir itus iE'tlieris Nitro'si. ( U.S 
 and Br. Ph.) Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 
 or Sweet Spirit of Nitre. See Class IV., 
 and Class XI., Section II. 
 
 Spir'itus Junip'eri. 
 
 Squill. See Scilla. 
 
 Sweet Spirit of Nitre. See Spiritus 
 Atheris Nitrosi. 
 
 ? Tab acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) To- 
 bacco. See Classes VII. and V. 
 
 Tar. See Pix Liquida. 
 Tarax'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Dandelion. The root of Tarax'acum 
 clensleo'nis. 
 
 Terebin'tliina. (U.S. Ph.) Turpen- 
 tine. The concrete juice of Pi'nus pa- 
 l us' tris and of other species of Pinus. 
 Tobacco. See Tabacum. 
 
 Trailing Arbutus. See £pigea Re- 
 pens. 
 
 Turkey Corn, or Turkey Pea. See 
 Cory dal is Formosa. 
 
 ? U1 mus Campos' tris. (Br. Ph.) 
 Broad-leaved Elm. See Class XIX. 
 
 Vera'trum Album. (U.S. Ph.) 
 White Hellebore. See Class VIII. 
 
 Vera'trum Vir'ide. (U.S. Ph.) 
 American Hellebore. See Class VIII. 
 
 Yi'nuin Col'cliici. (Br. Ph.) Wine 
 of Colchicum. The same as Yinum 
 Colcliici Radicis. 
 
 Yi'nuin Col'cliici Radi'cis. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Wine of Colchicum Root. See 
 Class XXI. 
 
 Virginia Snakeroot. See Serpen ta- 
 ria. 
 
 Virgin’s Bower. See Clematis. 
 
 Wall Pellitory. See Parietaria Offi- 
 cinalis. 
 
 White Hellebore. See Veratrum 
 Album. 
 
 White Turpentine. See Terebin- 
 tliiua. 
 
 Wild Potato. See Convolvulus 
 Pa n du rat us. 
 
 Wine of Colchicum Root. See Vi- 
 
 num Colcliici Radicis. 
 
 Wintergreen. See Cliimapliila. 
 
NAUSEATING DIAPHORETICS.— REFRIGERANT DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 CLASS XI. 
 
 DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH PROMOTE PERSPIRATION. DIAPHORETICS MAY BE DIVIDED INT# 
 NAUSEATING, REFRIGERANT, AND STIMULATING. 
 
 SECTION I.— Nauseating Diaphoretics. I 
 Aconite. See Aconitum. 
 
 Aconite Root. See Aeoniti Radix. 
 
 ? Aeoui'ti Po sition. (U.S. Ph.) 
 
 Aconite Leaf. See Class VII. 
 
 ? Aeoui'ti Ra'dix. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Aconite Root. See Class VII. 
 
 ? Aeon i turn. (Br. Ph.) Aconite 
 Leaf. See Class VII. 
 
 Aconi'tum Nopedlus. See Aconitiim. 
 Antimonial Powder. See Pulvis An* 
 timonialis. 
 
 Antimonial Wine. See Vinum An* 
 timonii. 
 
 Aiitimo'nii et Potas'sa? Tar'tras. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Tartrate of Antimony and 
 Potassa, or Tartar Emetic. See Class 
 VIII. 
 
 Antimo'nii Sulpliurc'tum. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Sulphurct of Antimony. 
 
 Antimo'iiiiim $uli>hura'tum. 
 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Sulphurated Anti- 
 mony, or Precipitated Sulphuret of Anti- 
 mony. A tersulphuret of antimony, with 
 a small and variable amount of the 
 teroxide of antimony. An orange-red 
 powder, whence it has been termed anti- 
 mo'nii sulph tire' turn au'rcnm (Ed. Ph.), or 
 “golden sulphuret of antimony.” 
 
 Aiitimo'nium Tartara'tnm. (Br. 
 Ph.) Tartarated Antimony. The same 
 as Anti moil ii et Potassse Tartras. 
 
 Arum. (U.S. Ph.) Indian Turnip. 
 See Class XII. 
 
 Button Snakeroot. See Eryngium 
 Aquatieum. 
 
 Cepliae'lis Ipecacuan'ha. See Ipe- 
 cacuanlaa. 
 
 ? CoV chieum. See Classes XXI. and X. 
 Dragon Root. See Arum. 
 
 ? Elecampane. See Inula. 
 
 Eryn'yium Aquat'icum. Button Snake- 
 root. 
 
 Eupato'rium. (U.S. Ph.) Tho- 
 rough wort, or Boneset. See Class II., 
 Section III. 
 
 Indian Tobacco. See Eobelia. 
 
 Indian Turnip. See Arum. 
 
 ? Inula. Elecampane. 
 Ipeeacuan'lia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 ^pecacuan, or Ipecac. See Class VIII. 
 54 * 
 
 Eobelia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Indian 
 Tobacco. See Class VIII. 
 
 Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony. 
 See Antimonium Siilpliuratum. 
 
 Pul'vis Antimouia'lis. (Br. Ph.) 
 Antimonial Powder. A powder consist- 
 ing chiefly of bone-phosphate of lime 
 and antimonious acid. Essentially the 
 same as James’s Powder. 
 
 Tartar Emetic. See Antimonii et 
 Potassa? Tartras. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa. 
 See AntimoiiDi et Potassa? Tartras. 
 
 Vi num Antimonia'le. (Br. Ph.) 
 Antimonial Wine. Sec next article. 
 
 Vi'uum Aiitimo'nii. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Antimonial AVine, or Wine of Antimony. 
 A solution of tartar emetic in sherry wine. 
 See Class VIII. 
 
 Water Eryngo. See Eryngiuni 
 Aquatieum. 
 
 SECTION II— Refrigerant Diaphoretics. 
 Acetate of Ammonia (Solution of). 
 
 See Eiquor Ammonia* Aeetatis. 
 Ammonia* Aeeta'tis Eiquor. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) Solution of Acetate of Am- 
 monia. See Eiquor Animonise Ace- 
 tatis. 
 
 Ammo nia? Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Ammonia. Sal Vol- 
 atile, or Smelling Salts. See Class III. 
 
 Aqua A^'idi Carbon'ici. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Carbonic Acid Water. Water im- 
 pregnated with five times its bulk of 
 carbonic acid. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia. See Ammo- 
 
 ni«*e Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonic Acid Water. See Aqua 
 Acidi Carbon ici. 
 
 Citrate of Potassa. See Potassse Ci- 
 tras. 
 
 Ei'quor Ammonia? Aeeta'tis. 
 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Solution of Acetate 
 of Ammonia. Also called Spir'itus Min - 
 dere'ri , or Spirit of Mindererus. 
 
 Li'quor Ammo' nise Citra'tis. Solution 
 of Citrate of Ammonia. 
 
 ? Ei'quor Cal'cii Clilo'ridi. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Solution of Chloride of Calcium. 
 See Class X. 
 
 63 / 
 
REFRIGERANT AND STIMULATING DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 Li'quor Potas'sse Citra'tis. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Solution of Citrate of Potassa. 
 Nitrate of Potassa, or Nitre. See Po- 
 
 tassa Mtras. 
 
 Potas'sse Ci'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 
 Citrate of Potassa. See Class VI. 
 
 Potas'sse Ni'tras. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Nitrate of Potash, or Nitre. See 
 Class VI. 
 
 Potas'sii Ferrocyan'idum. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Ferrocyanide of Potassium. See 
 Class VI. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Ammonia. See 
 
 JLiquor Ammonise Acetatis. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Ammonia. See 
 
 Liquor Aanmouise Citratis. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Potassa. See 
 
 Liquor Potassse Citratis. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous, or Nitric, Ether. 
 
 See Spiritus JEtlieris Nitrosi. 
 
 Spir'itus iE'tlieris Xitro'si. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 
 or Sweet Spirit of Nitre (formerly Spirit 
 of Nitric Ether). See Class IV. 
 
 Spir'itus Mindere’ ri, or Spirit of Min- 
 dererus. See Liquor Ammonise Ace- 
 tatis. 
 
 Sweet Spirit of Nitre. See Spiritus 
 iEtlieris Nitrosi. 
 
 SECTION III.— Stimulating and Altera- 
 tive Diaphoretics. 
 
 Acrid Lettuce. See Lactuca Virosa. 
 Adanso’nia Diyita'ta . The Baobab- 
 tree. 
 
 American Dittany. See Cunila Ma- 
 riana. 
 
 Ammoni'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Ammoniac. See Class XII. 
 
 ? Ammo nia 1 Phos'plias. (Br. Ph.) 
 Phosphate of Ammonia. 
 
 ? Aqua Ammonise. (U.S. Ph.) So- 
 lution of Ammonia. See Classes XVII. 
 and XXII. 
 
 Aristolo' chia Serpenta’ria. See Ser- 
 pen tar i a. 
 
 Ascle'pias. (U.S. Ph.) Butterfly- 
 weed. The root of Ascle'piaa tubero’sa. 
 A8cle , pia8 Tubero'sa. See Asclepias. 
 Balm. See Melissa. 
 
 Baobab. See Adansonia Oigitata. 
 Bark of Sassafras Root. See Sassa- 
 fras Itadieis Cor i ex. 
 
 Bisulphuret of Carbon, or Sulphuret 
 of Carbon. 
 
 Boneset. See Fupatorium. 
 
 Burdock. See Lappa. 
 
 Butterflyweed. Sec Asclepias. 
 
 Calot' ropis Giyante'a. Madar, or Mu- 
 dar. 
 
 Car'thamus. (U.S. Ph.) Dyer’s 
 Saffron, or Safflower. The flowers of 
 Car' thamu8 tincto' rius. 
 
 f Col'chicum. See Classes XXI. and X. 
 Cro cus. (U.S. anpl Br. Ph.) Saffron. 
 See Class IV. 
 
 Cuni'la Maria’ na. American Dittany. 
 Daph’ne Gnid’ium. See Mezereum. 
 Daph’ne Jfezere'um. See Mezereum. 
 Dorste'nia Contrayer’ va. (Aromatic 
 
 and tonic.) 
 
 Dyer’s Saffron. See Carthamus. 
 Elder. See Sambucus. 
 Eupato'riuin. (U.S. Ph.) Thorough- 
 wort, or Boneset. See Class II., Sec- 
 tion III. 
 
 Guaiac. See Guaiaci Resina. 
 Guai'aci Lig num. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Guaiacum Wood. Liymim Vitae , . 
 The wood of Guai'acum officina’le. 
 
 Guai'aci Resi'na. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Guaiac. The concrete juice of 
 Guai'acum officina'le (U.S. Ph.). The 
 resin obtained from the stem of Guaia- 
 cum officinale (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Guai'acum Officina’le. See Guaiaci 
 Resina. 
 
 Junip'erus Sabi'na. See Sabina. 
 Lactu'ca Viro'sa. Acrid Lettuce. See 
 Class V. 
 
 Lap'pa. (U.S. Ph.) Burdock. See 
 Class IX. 
 
 Lau'ni8 Sas'safra8. See Sassafras. 
 Li'quor Ammo'nise. (Br. Ph.) See 
 Aqua Ammonise. 
 
 Madar. See Calotropis Gigantea. 
 Magnolia. (U.S. Ph.) Magnolia. 
 See Class II., Section III. 
 
 ? Metis 'sa. (U.S. Ph.) Balm. See 
 Class II., Section IV. 
 
 Meze'reon. See Mezereum. 
 Mezere'um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Mezereon. See Class XVI. 
 
 Mudar. See Calotropis Gigantea. 
 Oil of Cajuput. See Oleum Caju- 
 puti. 
 
 Oleum Cajupu'ti. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Oil of Cajuput. The volatile oil 
 obtained from the leaves of Mclalcu'ca 
 cajupu'ti { U.S. Ph.). The oil distilled from 
 the leaves of Melaleu' ca mi' nor (Br. Ph.). 
 
 f Oriy'anum Vulya're . Common Mar- 
 joram. 
 
 Petro'leum. Rock Oil. See Class IV. 
 ? Polygala Rubella. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Bitter Polygala. See Class II., Section II. 
 Prickly Ash. See XantlioxyluBii. 
 Rock Oil. See Petroleum. 
 Kabi'na. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Savine. 
 See Class XIII. 
 
 Sainbu'cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 
 638 
 
ALTERATIVE DIAPHORETICS.— EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 Elder. The flowers of Sambu'cus Cana- 
 den'sis (U.S. Ph.). The fresh flowers 
 of Sambu'cus ni'yra (Br. Ph.). 
 
 ? Sar'sa. (Br. Ph.) See Class XXL 
 
 ? Sarsaparilla. (U.S. Ph.) See 
 Class XXI. 
 
 ? Sassafras. (Br. Ph.) Sassafras 
 Root. The dried root of Sas'safras offi- 
 cina'le. See next article. 
 
 ? Sas'safras Radi'cts Cor'tex. 
 (U.S. Ph.) Sassafras Root. (Stimulant 
 and aromatic.) 
 
 Serpenta'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Serpentary, or Virginia Snakeroot. See 
 Class II., Section III. 
 
 Serpentary. See Serpentaria. 
 
 Solution of Ammonia. See Aqua 
 Ammonia 1 . 
 
 Sulphur Lo tum. (U. S. Ph.) 
 Washed Sulphur. See Class IX., Section 
 II. 
 
 Surpliur Sublimalum. (U. S. 
 
 and Br. Ph.) Sublimed Sulphur. See 
 Class IX., Section II. 
 
 Sulphuret of Carbon. The same as 
 Bisulphuret of Carbon. 
 
 Thoroughwort. See Eupatorium. 
 Virginia Snakeroot. See Serpen ta- 
 ria. 
 
 Xanlhox'ylum. (U.S. Ph.) Prickly 
 Ash. The bark of Xanthox'ylum frax- 
 in'eum. 
 
 CLASS XII. 
 
 EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH INCREASE THE SECRETION FROM THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE 
 AIR-CELLS AND AIR-PASSAGES OF THE LUNGS OR FACILITATE ITS DISCHARGE. 
 
 Ace'tum Scil'he. (U.S. Ph.) Vine- 
 gar of Squill. 
 
 ? A$'i<lum Benzo'iciim. (Br. Ph.) 
 A substance in feathery crystalline 
 plates, nearly white. 
 
 Allium. (U.S. Ph.) Garlic. The 
 bulb of Al'lium sati'vum. 
 
 Al'lium Ce'pa. Onion. 
 
 Ammoniac. See Aininoniacum. 
 Annnoiii'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Ammoniac. The concrete juice of Do- 
 re' ma Ammoni'ncum (U.S. Ph.). A gum- 
 resinous exudation from the stem of 
 Dorema ammoniacmn (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Antimo'nii et Potas'sae Tar Iras. 
 (U.S. Ph.) Tartar Emetic. Tartrate of 
 Antimony and Potassa. See Class VIII. 
 
 Antimo'nium Tartaralum. (Br. 
 Ph.) Tartarated Antimony. Tartar 
 Emetic. 
 
 A rum. (U.S. Ph.) Indian Turnip, 
 or Dragon Root. The cormus of A'rum 
 triphyl'lum . 
 
 Ascle'pias. (U.S. Ph.) Butterfly- 
 weed, or Pleurisy Root. See Class XI. 
 
 Ascle'pias Syri'aca, Common Silk- 
 weed. 
 
 Assafoet'ida. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Assafetida. See Class IV. 
 
 Balsam of Peru. See Balsamum 
 Peruvianuin. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu. See Balsamum 
 
 Toll u tan um. 
 
 Balsamum Peruvia'num. (U.S. 
 And Br. Ph.) Balsam of Peru. The 
 
 prepared juice of Myrosper' mum Peruif- 
 erum (U.S. Ph.). A balsam obtained 
 from the stem of My rosper' mum Perei'rss 
 (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Balsamum Toluta'num. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Balsam of Tolu. The 
 juice of Myrosper'mum toluiferum (U.S. 
 Ph.). A balsam obtained by incision 
 from the stem of Myrospermum toluife- 
 rum (Br. Ph.). 
 
 ? Benzoic Acid. See Acidum Ben- 
 zoicum. 
 
 Benzoin. See Benzoinum. 
 
 Beiizo'iiiuui. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Benzoin. The concrete juice of Sty'rax 
 ben'zoin (U.S. Pli.). A resinous exudation 
 from the stem of Sty rax benzoin (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Black Snakeroot. See Clvnieifuga. 
 
 Butterfly weed. See Ascloplas. 
 
 Button Snakeroot. See Eryngium 
 Aqualicuin. 
 
 Cephae'lis Ipecacuan'ha. See Ipe- 
 cacuanha. 
 
 Cimicif'uga. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
 Snakeroot. See Class VII. 
 
 Common Silkweed. See Asclepias 
 Syriaca. 
 
 Dore'ma Ammoni' acum. See Aiiimo- 
 niacum. 
 
 Dragon Root. See Arum. 
 
 Elecampane. See Inula. 
 
 ? Eryn'gium Aquat'icum. Button 
 Snakeroot. See Class XL, Section I. 
 
 Fer'ula Assafoet'ida. See Assafeet- 
 ; ida. 
 
 639 
 
EXPECTORANTS.— EMMENAGOGUES. 
 
 GnJ'banum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 The concrete juice of an undetermined 
 plant (U.S. Ph.). A gum resin derived 
 from an unascertained umbelliferous 
 plant (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Garlic. See Allium. 
 
 Indian Tobacco. See Bobelia. 
 
 Indian Turnip. See Arum. 
 
 ? Iu'ula. (U.S. Ph.) Elecampane. 
 See Class II., Section II. 
 
 Ipecacuan. See Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Ipecacuan ha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Ipecacuan. See Class VIII. 
 
 Lobelia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Indian 
 Tobacco. See Class VIII. 
 
 My rasper* mum Penn'/'' erum, See Bal- 
 samum Peruvian um. 
 
 Mjp'osper'mnrn Tolmf erum. See Bdl- 
 samum Tolutamim. 
 
 Naph'thalin. A substance obtained 
 from the distillation of coal tar. 
 
 Nar'thex Assafcet'ida. See Assafoet- 
 ida. 
 
 Onion. See Allium Cepa. 
 
 ? Pix Liq'uMa. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Tar. 
 
 Pleurisy Root. See Asdepias. 
 Poll// ala Sen'ega. See Senega. 
 Prepared Storax. See Styrax Prse- 
 paratus. 
 
 Scil'la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Squill. 
 The bulb of Scil'la marit'ima (U.S. Ph.). 
 The dried bulb of Urgin' ea scil'la ( Br. Ph.). 
 
 Sen'ega. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Seneka. 
 The root of Poly/ ala sen'ega. 
 
 Seneka. See Senega. 
 
 Squill. See Scilla. 
 
 Storax. See Styrax. 
 
 Sty'rax. (U.S. Ph.) Storax. The pre- 
 pared juice of Liquidam'bar Orieuta'le. 
 Styrax Benzoin. See Benzoinum. 
 Sty'rax Prsepara'tus. (Br. Ph.) 
 Prepared Storax. A balsam obtained 
 from the bark of Liquidam'bar Orion - 
 ta'le. The same as Styrax. 
 
 Urgin' ea Scil'la. See Scilla. 
 
 Water Eryngo. See Eryngium 
 Aqtsaticuiii. 
 
 CLASS XIII. 
 
 EMMENAGOGUES. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH PROMOTE TIIE MENSTRUAL SECRETION. 
 
 Achille'a Millefo lium. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Milfoil, or Yarrow. The herb and flowers 
 of Achillea millefolium. 
 
 Aga've Ameriea’na. American Aloe. 
 Al'oe Barbaden'sis. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Barbadoes Aloes. See Class IX. 
 
 Al'oe Socotri'na. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Socotrine Aloes. See Class IX. 
 
 American Aloe. See Agave Ameri- 
 cana. 
 
 Bahamoden' dron Myr'rha . See Myr- 
 rh a. 
 
 Barbadoes Aloes. See Aloe Barba- 
 densis. 
 
 Biborate of Soda. See Borax. 
 
 Black Hellebore. See Helleborus. 
 Borate of Soda. See Soda? Boras. 
 Bo' rax. (Br. Ph.) Borax. Biborate 
 of Soda. See Sodse Boras. 
 Cantharides. See Uantliaris. 
 
 Cant liar is. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Spanish Flies. Canthar'ides. See Class 
 XVI. 
 
 Can'tharis Vitta'ta. Potato Flies. 
 Castor. See C’astoreum. 
 
 Cas'tor Fi'ber. See Castoreum. 
 4'asto rciim. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Castor. See Class IV. 
 
 640 
 
 ? Cata'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Catnep. See 
 Class IV. 
 
 Cotton Root. See Gossypii Radix. 
 
 Fer'ri Flilo'ridum. (U. S. Ph.) 
 Chloride of Iron; also called Perchlo- 
 ride of Iron. 
 
 Fer'ri Iod'idum. (Br. Ph.) Iodide 
 of Iron. A brownish-green crystalline 
 substance, soluble in water. 
 
 Fer'ri Subcarbo'nas. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Subcarbonate of Iron. See ClassII., Sec- 
 tion V. 
 
 7^3** Most of the preparations of Iron 
 may sometimes be used as emmenagogues. 
 
 Gossyp'ii Ra'dix. (U.S. Ph.) Cot- 
 ton Root. The root of Gossypinm herba- 
 ceum and of other species of Gossypinm. 
 
 Guaiac. See Guaiaei Resina. 
 
 Guaiaei Resina. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Guaiac. See Class XI. 
 
 Guai'acum OJjicina'le. Sec Guaiaci 
 Resina. 
 
 Hellebore, Black. See Helleborus. 
 
 llellcb'orus. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
 Hellebore. See Class IX. 
 
 Iu'ula. (U.S. Ph.) Elecampane. Sco 
 Class II., Section II. 
 
 Iodide of Iron. See Ferri Iodiduui* 
 
EMMEXAGOGUES— SIALAGOGUES.— ERRHIXES. 
 
 Iron. See Ferri. 
 
 Jnnip'erus Sahi'na. See Sabina, 
 .lunip'erus Virginia'na. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Red Cedar. The tops of Juniperus 
 Virgini xi?ia. 
 
 Madder. See Rubia. 
 
 Milfoil. See Achillea Millefolium. 
 Myrrh. See Myrrha. 
 
 Myr'rha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Myrrh. 
 See Class II., Section II. 
 
 Nap' eta Cata'ria. See Cataria. 
 Oleum Sabi'nse. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Oil of Savine. 
 
 ? Orig'anum Vulga're. Marjoram. 
 Poly g' ala Sen'ega. See Senega. 
 
 Potato Flies. See Cantharis Vit- 
 tata. 
 
 Red Cedar. See Juniperus Virgi- 
 niana. 
 
 Rosemary. See Rosmarinus. 
 
 Rosmari'n ns. (U.S. Ph.) Rosemary. 
 See Class II., Section IV. 
 
 ? Kn bia. (U.S. Ph.) Madder. The 
 root of Jiu'bia tincto'rum. 
 
 Rue. See Rula. 
 
 Ru'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Rue. SeeClasslV. 
 Sahi'na. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
 tops of Jump' eru8 sahi'na. 
 
 f Sagape'num. (Lond. Ph.) The gum 
 resin of an uncertain plant. See Class IV. 
 Savine. See Sabina. 
 
 Sen'ega. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Seneka. 
 See Class XII. 
 
 Seneka. See Senega. 
 
 So il* Bo ras. (U.S. Ph.) Borate of 
 Soda, or Borax. See Classes VI. and X. 
 Spanish Flies. See Canlliaris. 
 Subcarbonate of Iron. See Ferri 
 Subearbonas. 
 
 Yarrow. See Achillea Millefolium. 
 
 CLASS XIY. 
 
 SIALAGOGUES. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH PROMOTE THE SECRETION OF SALIVA. 
 
 Anacyc'lus Pyr' ethrum. See Pyre- 
 
 thrum. 
 
 Black Oxide of Mercury. See Iffy- 
 drargyri Oxidum A T 5grum. 
 
 Cal amus. (U.S. Ph.) Sweet Flag. 
 See Class II., Section IV. 
 
 Cinnabar. See Hydrargyri Sul- 
 phur cl um Rubrum. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Ox'idum Ni'grum. Black 
 Oxide of Mercury. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Snlpkure'tum Ru'hrnm. 
 Red Sulphuret of Mercury, or Cinna- 
 
 bar. (Sometimes used in fumigation as 
 a rapid sialagogue.) 
 
 Hydrar gyrum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 (^ S©** Mercury, and most of its com- 
 pounds, may be used as sialagogues.) See 
 Class XXL 
 
 Mercury. See Hydrargyrum. 
 Pellitory. See Pyrethrum. 
 Pyr'ethrum. (U.S. Ph.) Pellitory. 
 The root of Anacyc’lus pyr' ethrum. 
 
 Red Sulphuret of Mercury. See Hy- 
 drargyri Sulphuretum Rubrum. 
 
 CLASS XY. 
 
 ERRHINES. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH PROMOTE THE SECRETION FR03I THE MUCOUS 3IEMBRANE OF 
 THE NOSTRILS. 
 
 Armora'cia. (Br. Ph.) Horseradish 
 Root. The fresh root of Cochlea'ria 
 armora'cia. See Class X. 
 
 Asarabac'ca. The root and leaves of 
 As'arnm Europm'um. 
 
 Bloodroot. See Sanguinaria. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Armora' cia. See Armo- 
 racia. 
 
 Convalla'ria Maja'lis. Lily of the 
 V alley. 
 
 Euphor'hium. See Class XVI. 
 
 False Sunflower. See llelenium 
 Auiumnale. 
 
 Hele'nium Autumna'le. False Sun- 
 flower, or Sneezewort. 
 
 Horseradish. See Armoracia. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Sulphas Fla'va. 
 (U.S. Ph.). Yellow Sulphate of Mer- 
 cury, or Turpeth Mineral. See Class 
 VIII. 
 
 641 
 
ERRHINES.— EPISPASTICS. 
 
 Lily of the Valley. See Convallaria 
 Majalis. 
 
 Sanguina'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Blood- 
 root. See Class VIII. 
 
 Sneezewort. See Helenium Au- 
 t u in 11 ale. 
 
 Snuff — or Tobacco in powder. 
 
 Turpeth Mineral. See Hydrargyri 
 Sulphas Flava. 
 
 Vera'tria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) See 
 Class VIII., Section I. 
 
 ? Yera'trnm Al bum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 White Hellebore. 
 
 CLASS XVI. 
 
 EPISPASTICS. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH WHEN APPLIED TO THE SKIN PRODUCE A BLISTER. 
 
 Ace'tum Canthar'idis. Vinegar of 
 Spanish Flies. 
 
 A^'idum Acet'icum Glacia'le. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) Glacial Acetic Acid. A color- 
 less liquid, which is converted, when 
 cooled to nearly 32°, into colorless, pris- 
 matic crystals. Specific gravity, 1.065. 
 
 t Anacar'dium Occidenta'le . See Class 
 XVIII. 
 
 A qua Ammo' nire For'tior. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Stronger Water (or Solution) of 
 Ammonia. See Class XVII. 
 
 Argen'ti Ni'tras Fu'sa. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Fused Nitrate of Silver, or Lunar 
 Caustic. 
 
 Cantharides. See Cantharis. 
 
 Can'tharis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Spanish Flies. Cantharides. Can'tharis 
 vesicato'ria . 
 
 Can'tharis Vitta'ta.. Potato Flies. 
 
 Cerate of Spanish Flies. See Cera- 
 tum Cantharidis. 
 
 Cera' turn Canthar'idis. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Cerate of Spanish Flies, or Blistering Ce- 
 rate. 
 
 Crowfoot. See Ranunculus. 
 
 Daph'ne Mezere'um. See Mezereum. 
 
 Dir'ca Palus'tris. Leather-wood. 
 
 Fmplas'trum Pi'cis cum Can- 
 tliar'ide. (U.S. Ph.) Plaster of Pitch 
 with Spanish Flies. 
 
 ? Euphor'bium. (Ed. Ph.) The con- 
 crete resinous juice of undetermined 
 species of Euphorbia . 
 
 642 
 
 Fused Nitrate of Silver. See Ar- 
 
 genti Nitras Fusa. 
 
 Glacial Acetic Acid. See Acidum 
 Aceticum Glaciate. 
 
 Leather-wood. See Rirca Palus- 
 tris. 
 
 Liniment of Spanish Flies. See Fini- 
 mentum Cantharidis. 
 
 Liniinen'tum Canthar'idis. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Liniment of Spanish Flies, 
 or Liniment of Cantharides. 
 
 Lunar Caustic. See Argenti Nitras 
 Fusa. 
 
 Mezereon. See Mezerenm. 
 Mezere'um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Me- 
 zereon. The bark of Daph'ne Mezere'um 
 and of Daph'ne Gnid'ium (U.S. Ph.). 
 The dried bark of Daphne mezereum, or 
 Daph'ne laureo'la (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Ointment of Spanish Flies. See ITn- 
 guentum Cantharidis. 
 
 Potato Flies. See Cantharis Vit- 
 tata. 
 
 Ranun culus. (U.S. Ph.) Crowfoot. 
 The cormus and herb of JRanun'culus 
 bulbo'sus . 
 
 Sabadil'la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ceva- 
 dilla. See Class IX. 
 
 Stronger Solution of Ammonia. See 
 
 Aqua Ammonia; Fortior. 
 
 llngucir turn Canthar'idis. (Br. 
 Ph.) Ointment of Spanish Flies. 
 
 Vinegar of Spanish Flies. See Ace- 
 tum Cantharidis. 
 
RUBEFACIENTS.— ESCIIAROTICS. 
 
 CLASS XVII. 
 
 RUBEFACIENTS. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH INFLAME THE SKIN WITHOUT VESICATING AS AN ORDINARY 
 
 RESULT. 
 
 A'bies Canaden'sis. See Pix Cana- 
 den 'sis. 
 
 A'bies ExceVsa. See Pix Burgun- 
 dica. 
 
 Ac'idum Acet'icum Glacia'le. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) Glacial Acetic Acid. See Class 
 XVI. 
 
 Ammo'nise Fi'quor For'tior. (Br. 
 Ph.) See next article. 
 
 A'qua Ammo nite For'tior. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Stronger Water of Ammonia. 
 
 Armora'cia. (Br. Ph.) Horseradish 
 Root. See Classes XV. and X. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch. See Pix Burgun- 
 dica. 
 
 Canada Pitch. See Pix Canaden- 
 sis. 
 
 Cap sicum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ca- 
 yenne Pepper. See Class III. 
 
 Cayenne Pepper. See Capsicum. 
 
 Cochlea'ria Armora'cia . See Anno- 
 racia. 
 
 Crowfoot. See Ranunculus. 
 
 Fl'emi. (Br. Ph.) Elemi. A concrete 
 resinous exudation : botanical source un- 
 determined, probably from Cana' Hum 
 commit' ne. 
 
 Glacial Acetic Acid. See Acidum 
 Aceticum Glaciate. 
 
 Horseradish. See Arinoracia. 
 
 Liniment of Ammonia. See Fini- 
 mentum Ammonia*. 
 
 Finimen'tum Ammonise. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Liniment of Ammonia, or 
 Volatile Liniment. 
 
 Fi'quor Ammo nise. (Br. Ph.) So- 
 
 lution of Ammonia. The same as Aqua 
 Ammonia;. 
 
 Mustard. See Sinapis Alba. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary. See Oleum Ros- 
 marinus. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine. See Oleum Tere- 
 bintliinse. 
 
 O leum Rosmari'ni. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Oil of Rosemary. 
 
 O leum Sabi'na*. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Oil of Savine. See Class XIII. 
 
 O leum Terebin'thiuae. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Oil of Turpentine. See Class X. 
 
 Pi'nus A'bies. See Pix Biirgun- 
 dica. 
 
 Pi'nus Canaden’sis. See Pix Cana- 
 densis. 
 
 Pix Rurgun'dica. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Burgundy Pitch. The prepared 
 concrete juice of A'bies excel' sa (U.S. 
 Ph.). A resinous exudation from the 
 stem of Abies excelsa (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Pix Canaden'sis. (U.S. Ph.) Canada 
 Pitch, or Hemlock Pitch. The prepared 
 concrete juice of A’bies Canaden'sis. 
 
 Ran mi 'cuius. (U.S. Ph.) Crowfoot. 
 See Class XVI. 
 
 Sina'pis. (Br. Ph.) Mustard. Sina'~ 
 pis ni’gra and Sina'pis al'ba. The seeds 
 reduced to powder, mixed. 
 
 Sina'pis Al'ba. (U.S. Ph.) White 
 Mustard. The seed of Sinapis alba. 
 
 Sina'pis SSi'gra. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
 Mustard. The seed of Sinapis nigra. 
 
 Stronger Water (or Solution) of Am- 
 monia. See Aqua Ammonise Fortior. 
 
 CLASS XVIII. 
 
 ESCHAROTICS. 
 
 SUBSTANCES WHICH DESTROY THE LIFE OF THE PART TO WHICH THEY ARE APPLIED, 
 AND PRODUCE A SLOUGH. 
 
 A^'idum Arsenio'sum. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Arsenious Acid. White Arsenic, 
 or White Oxide of Arsenic. A white pow- 
 der, sparingly soluble in water, and en- 
 tirely volatilized by heat. See Class XXI. 
 
 Aq’idum. Chro'micum. Chromic Acid. 
 
 A$'idum Xi'tricum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Nitric Acid, or Aqua Fortis. See 
 Class II., Section V. 
 
 A^'idumSulpliu'ricnm. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Sulphuric Acid. See Class II., 
 Section V. 
 
 643 
 
ESCHAROTICS. 
 
 Aln’men Exxicca* turn. Dried Alum. 
 
 Anacar' dium Occident a' le, or Cashew 
 Nut. 
 
 Antimo'nii Tcrchlo'ridi Liquor. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) Solution of Terchloride of 
 Antimony. 
 
 A' qua For'tis. See Acidum Nitri- 
 
 C 11 111. 
 
 Argen'ti Ni'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Nitrate of Silver, or Lunar Caustic. A 
 heavy, colorless, anhydrous salt, wholly 
 soluble in distilled water. 
 
 Arsenious Acid. See Acidum Arse- 
 iiiosum. 
 
 Bichloride of Mercury. See Ilydrar- 
 gyri Cliloridum Corrosivum. 
 
 Blue Vitriol. See Capri Sulphas. 
 
 Calx. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Lime. 
 
 Cashew Nut. See Anacardium Oc- 
 cident ale. 
 
 Caustic Potash. See Potassa Caus- 
 tica. 
 
 Caustic Soda. See Soda Caustica. 
 
 Chloride of Zinc. See Zinci Clilo- 
 ridiini. 
 
 Chromic Acid. See Acidum Chro- 
 miciini. 
 
 Common Caustic. See Potassa. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate. See Iffydrar- 
 gyri Cliloridum Corrosivum. 
 
 Creasote. See Creasotum. 
 
 Creaso'tum. (U. S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Creasote. See Class V. 
 
 Cu'pri Ni'tras. Nitrate of Copper. 
 
 Cu'pri Subace'tas. (U.S. Ph.) Sub- 
 acetate of Copper, or Verdigris. A sub- 
 stance in pale-green masses. 
 
 Cu'pri Sulphas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Copper, or Blue Vitriol. See 
 Class I. and II. 
 
 Dried Alum. See Alumen Exsic- 
 catiiin. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridum Corro- 
 si'vum. (U.S. Ph.) Corrosive Chlo- 
 ride of Mercury, or Corrosive Sublimate. 
 A substance in colorless crystals or crys- 
 talline masses, which are fusible by heat 
 and entirely soluble in water, alcohol, 
 and ether. See Class XXI. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Nitra'tis Ei'quor 
 A^'idus. (Br. Ph.) Acid Solution of 
 the Nitrate of Mercury. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Oxidum Ru'hrum. 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Red Oxide of Mer- 
 cury, or Red Precipitate. An orange- 
 red powder, entirely soluble in muriatic 
 acid. 
 
 Ilydrar'qyri Pernitra' tin Li'qnor. So- 
 lution of Pernitratc of Mercury. The 
 same ns Hydrargyri Nitralis Eiquor 
 Acid us. 
 
 644 
 
 Iffy d rar'gyrnm Corrosi ' vum 
 
 Sublima'tum. (Br. Ph.) The Bi- 
 chloride of Mercury, or Corrosive Sub- 
 limate. See Hy drargyri Cliloridum 
 Corrosivum. 
 
 Iodide of Calomel. 
 
 Lime. See Calx. 
 
 Ei'quor Potas'sse. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Solution of Potash. 
 
 Ei'quor So'dse. (U.S. Ph.) Solution 
 
 of Soda. 
 
 Lunar Caustic. See Argenti Xitras. 
 Nitrate of Copper. See Cupri Xi- 
 tras. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver. See Argenti Ni- 
 teas. 
 
 Nitric Acid. See Acidum Nltri- 
 cum. 
 
 Permanganate of Potash. See Po- 
 tassa; Permauganas. 
 
 Plum'M Bichro'mas. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Bichromate of Lead. See Class VIII. 
 
 Potas'sa. (U.S. Ph.) Common Caustic. 
 A very deliquescent alkali, soluble, with 
 the exception of a slight residue, in 
 alcohol and in water. 
 
 Potas'sa Cans' tica. (Br. Ph.) Caus- 
 tic Potash, or Hydrate of Potash. The 
 same as Potassa. 
 
 Potas'sa cum Cal'ci. Potash with 
 Lime. 
 
 Potas'sse Hy'dras. H} T drate of Po- 
 tassa. See Potassa Caustica. 
 
 Potas'sa; Permauganas. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Permanganate of Potash 
 A substance in needle-shaped crystals of 
 a deep purple color. 
 
 Red Oxide of Mercury. See Hydrar- 
 gyri Oxidum Rubrum. 
 
 Red Precipitate. See Hydra rgyri 
 Oxidum Rubrum. 
 
 So'da Cans' tica. (Br. Ph.) Caustic 
 Soda. 
 
 Solution of Pernitrate of Mercury. See 
 
 Hyd rargy ri Permatratis Eiquor. 
 
 Solution of Potash. See Eiquor 
 
 Potassse. 
 
 Solution of Soda. See Eiquor Soda;. 
 Subacetate of Copper. See Cupri 
 Subaicetas. 
 
 Sulphate of Copper. Sec Cupri Sul- 
 phas. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid. See Acidum Sul- 
 phuricum. 
 
 Verdigris. See Cupri Subaeoias. 
 White Oxide of Arsenic. See Aciduan 
 Arscuiosum. 
 
 Zin'vi Clilo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chloride of Zinc. A white deli- 
 quescent salt, wholly soluble in water, 
 alcohol, and ether. 
 
DEMULCENTS. 
 
 CLASS XIX. 
 
 DEMULCENTS. 
 
 BLAND UNIRRITATING SUBSTANCES, MOST OF WHICH FORM, WITH WATER, A VISCID 
 
 SOLUTION. 
 
 Aca'cia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Gum 
 Arabic. The concrete juice of Aca'cia 
 ve'ra and of other species of Acacia 
 (U.S. Ph.). A gummy exudation from 
 the stem of one or more undetermined 
 species of Acacia (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Altliae'a. (U.S. Ph.) Marshmallow. 
 The root of Althse'a ojfficina' lis. 
 
 Amygdala. (Br. Ph.) Sweet Al- 
 mond, or Jordan Almond. The same as 
 Amygdala Oulcis. 
 
 Amyg'dala Bul'cis. (U. S. Ph.) 
 Sweet Almond. The kernel of the fruit 
 of Amyg'dalus commu'nis, variety dul'cis. 
 
 Am'ylum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Starch, 
 or Wheat Starch. The fecula of the seed 
 of Trit'icum vulga're. 
 
 Arrow Root. See Maranta. 
 
 Astrag' alus Ve'rus. See Tragacan- 
 tlia. 
 
 Ave'me Fari'na. (U.S. Ph.) Oat- 
 meal. Meal prepared from the seeds of 
 the Ave'na sati'va. 
 
 Barley. See Hordeum. 
 
 Be la. (Br. Ph.) Bael. (The ripe 
 fruit is demulcent, the unripe astrin- 
 gent.) See Class I. 
 
 Benne Leaves. See Sesami Folium. 
 
 €an'na. (U.S. Ph.) Canna Starch. 
 The fecula prepared from the rhizoma 
 of an undetermined species of Canna. 
 
 Carrageen. See Claondrus. 
 
 Ceta'ceum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Sper- 
 maceti. A crystalline, pearly-white sub- 
 stance (nearly pure Cetine) obtained from 
 the oil of the Physe'ter macroceph' alus. 
 
 Cetra'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
 Cetra'ria Islan' dica, or Iceland Moss. 
 (Also slightly tonic.) 
 
 Chon'drus. (U.S. Ph.) The Chon' - 
 drns cris'pus. Carrageen, or Irish Moss. 
 
 Comfrey. See Symphytum Offici- 
 nale. 
 
 Common. Mallow. See Malva Syl- 
 vestris. 
 
 Cy'cas Circina' lis. See Sago. 
 
 Cydo’nia Vulga'ris. See €ydonimn. 
 
 Cydo'nium. (U.S. Ph.) Quince 
 Seed. The seed of Cydo'nia vidga'ris. 
 
 Dextrin [ Dextri'na ]. A mucilaginous 
 substance obtained from starch. 
 
 Elm Bark. See IJlmus. 
 
 55 
 
 Extrac'tum Glycyrrlti'zee. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Liquorice. 
 
 ?Fi'cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Fig. See 
 Class IX. 
 
 Fig. See Ficus. 
 
 Flaxseed. See Linum. 
 
 Glycerin, or Glycerine. See Glyce- 
 rin a. 
 
 Glyceri'na. (U.S. Ph.) Glycerin. 
 A colorless, inodorous, syrupy liquid, of 
 a sweet taste, soluble in water and in 
 alcohol. Specific gravity, 1.25. 
 
 Glyceri'num. (Br. Ph.) Glycerine, 
 or Glycerin. The same as Glycerina. 
 
 Glycyrrlii'za. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Liquorice Root. The root of Glycyrrhi'za 
 gla'bra (U.S. Ph.). The root or under- 
 ground stem, fresh and dried, of Glycyr- 
 rhiza glabra (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Gum Arabic. See Acacia. 
 
 llor deum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Bar- 
 ley. The decorticated seed of Hor’deum 
 dis'ticlwn (U.S. Ph.). Hordcum disti- 
 chum: the seeds deprived of the husks 
 (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Iceland Moss. See Cetraria. 
 
 Irish Moss. See ( liomlrus. 
 
 Jan'ipha Man’ihot , or Jat'ropha Man'- 
 ihot. See Tapioca. 
 
 Li'chen Islan' dicus. See Cetraria. 
 
 Ei'ni Se men. (Br. Ph.) Flaxseed. 
 See next article. 
 
 Li'mim. (U.S. Ph.) Flaxseed. The 
 seed of Li'num usitatis' simum . 
 
 Liquorice. See Extractum Glycyr- 
 rlaizae. 
 
 Liquorice Root. See Glycyrrliiza. 
 
 Ly' thrum Salica'ria. Loose-strife. 
 
 Mal’va Sylves'tris. Common Mallow. 
 
 Maran ta. (U.S. Ph.) Arrow Root. 
 The fecula of the rhizoma of Maran'ta 
 arundina' cea. 
 
 Marshmallow. See Althaea. 
 
 Oatmeal. See A venae Farina. 
 
 Oleum Amygdalae. (Br. Ph.) Oil 
 of Almond. The same as Oleum Amyg- 
 dalae Oulcis. 
 
 O leum Amyg'dalae Bul'cis. (U.S. 
 
 Ph.) Oil of Sweet Almond. 
 
 Ory'za Sati'va. Rice. 
 
 Quince Seed. See Cydonium. 
 
 Rice. See Oryza Saliva. 
 
 615 
 
DEMULCENTS.— EMOLLIENTS. 
 
 Sac'cliarnm. (U.S. Ph.) Sugar. 
 
 The sugar of Sac'charum ofjicina'rum. 
 
 Sa'go. (U.S. Ph.) The prepared 
 fecula of the pith of Sa'gus Jium'phii 
 and of other species of Sag us. 
 
 Sague'rus Jium'phii. See Sago. 
 Sa'gus Jium'phii. See Sago. 
 Sas'safras Medul la. (U. S. Ph.) 
 Sassafras Pith. 
 
 Ses'ami Fo lium. (U.S. Ph.) Benne 
 Leaf (or Sesami Folia , Benne Leaves). 
 The leaves of Ses'amum Jn'dicum and of 
 Ses'amnm Orienta'le. 
 
 Slippery Elm Bark. See Ulmns Fulva. 
 Spermaceti. See Fetaceum. 
 
 Starch. See Amylum. 
 
 Sugar. See Saccliarum. 
 
 Sweet Almond. See Amygdala 
 Dulcis. 
 
 Sym'pliytum Officina'le. Comfrey. 
 
 Tapio'ca. (U.S. Ph.) The fecula of 
 the root of Jan'ipha man'ihot. 
 
 Tragacanth. See Tragaeantba. 
 
 Tragacan'tha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Tragacanth. The concrete juice of As- 
 trag'alus ve'rus and of other species of 
 Astrag'alus (U.S. Ph.). A gummy exu- 
 dation from the stem of Astragalus verus 
 (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Fl'miis. (Br. Ph.) Elm Bark. The 
 dried inner bark, deprived of its outer 
 layers, of Ul'rnus campes'tris. 
 
 Fl'miis Ful'va. (U.S. Ph.) Slip- 
 pery Elm Bark. The inner bark of 
 Ulmns fulva. 
 
 Vi'ola. (U.S. Ph.) Violet. The herb 
 
 of Vi' ola peda'ta. 
 
 Violet. See Viola. 
 
 CLASS XX. 
 
 EMOLLIENTS. 
 
 SUBSTANCES WHICH HAVE THE PROPERTY OF SOFTENING AND SOOTHING AN IRRI- 
 TATED SURFACE, OR ONE HARSH FROM DRYNESS. 
 
 A'deps. (U.S. Ph.) Lard. The pre- 
 pared fat of Sus scro'fa. 
 
 A'deps Prajpara'tns. (Br. Ph.) 
 Prepared Lard. See Adeps. 
 
 Avense Fari'na. (U.S. Ph.) Oat- 
 meal. See Class XIX. 
 
 Cerate of Lard. See Feratum Adi- 
 pis. 
 
 Cera'tnm Ad 1 pis. (U.S. Ph.) Ce- 
 rate of Lard, or Simple Cerate. 
 
 Fera'tum Feta'cei. (U.S. Ph.) Ce- 
 rate of Spermaceti. 
 
 Fera'tum Plum'bi Subaceta'tis. 
 (U.S. Ph.) Goulard’s Cerate. 
 
 Fera'tum Sapo'nis. (U.S. Ph.) Soap 
 Cerate. 
 
 Cera'tum Sim'plex. (“ Simple Cerate/’) 
 
 See Feratinn Adipis. 
 
 Feta'ceuin. (Br. Ph.) Spermaceti. 
 See Class XIX. 
 
 Common Mallow. See Malva Syl- 
 vestris. 
 
 ? Dau’ci Ra'dix. Garden Carrot Root. 
 Flaxseed. See Linum. 
 
 Flaxseed Oil. See Oleum Uni. 
 Garden Carrot. See Dauci Radix. 
 Goulard’s Cerate. See Feratum 
 1*1 iimbi Subacetatis. 
 
 Lime Liniment. See Unimoiituin 
 Falcis. 
 
 Li'nl Fari'na. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Linseed Meal. 
 
 646 
 
 U'ni Se'men. (Br. Ph.) Flaxseed. 
 
 See Iiinnm. 
 
 Unimeii'tuni Fal'cis. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Lime Liniment. 
 
 Linseed Meal. See Uni Farina. 
 U'niiin. (U.S. Ph.) Flaxseed. See 
 Class XIX. 
 
 Mal'va Sylres’tris. Common Mallow. 
 See Class XIX. 
 
 Oatmeal. See Avense Farina. 
 
 Ointment of Rose Water. See F T n- 
 guentum Aquae Rosa*. 
 
 O leum U'ni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Flaxseed Oil, or Linseed Oil. 
 
 O'leum Oli'vie. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Olive Oil, or Sweet Oil. See Class IX. 
 
 O'leum Ses'ami. (U.S. Ph.) Benne 
 Oil. The oil of the seed of Ses'amum 
 In'dicum and Ses'amum Orienta'le. 
 
 Olive Oil. See Oleum Oliva*. 
 
 Nearly all the fixed oils may bo 
 used as emollients.) 
 
 8e'vum. (U.S. Ph.) Suet. The pre- 
 pared suet of O r vis a’ries. 
 
 Se'vuin Pra*para' turn. (Br. Ph.) 
 Prepared Suet. The same as Sevum. 
 
 Simple Cerate. See Feratum Sim- 
 plex. 
 
 Simple Ointment. See Fnguentuin 
 Adipis. 
 
 j Spermaceti. See Fetaeeum. 
 
 I Sweet Oil. Sec Oleum Olivsc. 
 
ALTERATIVES. 
 
 ITnguen'tum Ad'ipis. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Ointment of Lard; also called Ungual ' - 
 turn Sim’plex. 
 
 r II £11 on' tu 111 A 'qua? Ro'sie. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Ointment of Rose Water. 
 
 Ungucn’tum Sim'plex. See Unguen* 
 tu in Adipfs. 
 
 Fi'ola. (U.S. Ph.) Violet. See Class 
 XIX. 
 
 CLASS XXI. 
 
 ALTERATIVES. 
 
 MEDICINES WHICH PRODUCE GRADUALLY AND SCARCELY PERCEPTIBLY SUCH A 
 CHANGE IN THE FUNCTIONS OF ORGANS AS TO PERMIT A HEALTHY ACTION TO 
 TAKE THE PLACE OF DISEASE. 
 
 A^'idnm Arseuio'sum. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Arsenious Acid, or White Ar- 
 senic. See Class XVIII. 
 
 Ar/idiwi Hydriod'icum, Hydriodic 
 Acid. 
 
 A^'idum Nitro-liydroclilo'rieum 
 Dilu'tum. (Br. Ph.) The same as 
 
 Acid uni Nitromuriaticum Dilu> 
 turn. 
 
 A^iduni Nitromuriat'icum Bi- 
 
 lii'tiiiu. (U.S. Ph.) Nitromuriatic Acid. 
 See Class II., Section V. 
 
 A$'idum Sulpliuro'sum. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Sulphurous Acid. A color- 
 less liquid having the odor of burning 
 sulphur, and a sulphurous, sour, and 
 somewhat astringent taste. (Used chiefly 
 as an external application in cutaneous 
 affections.) 
 
 JE'therHydriod'icnfi. Ilydriodic Ether. 
 Ammo' nine Arse'nias . Arseniate of 
 Ammonia. 
 
 ? Ammonia* Ptios'phas. (Br. Ph ) 
 Phosphate of Ammonia. A substanc ; 
 in colorless transparent prisms which 
 become opaque on exposure to air. 
 
 Ammoniated Mercury. See Hydrar- 
 gyrum Aminoiiiatuin. 
 
 Ammo'nii Iod'idum, Iodide of Am- 
 monium. 
 
 Antimonial Powder. See Pulvis An- 
 ti monialis. 
 
 Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Prsecipita' turn. 
 
 The same as Aiitiinoniiim Sulpliu- 
 ratum. 
 
 Antimo'nii Sulphure’tum Prscpara'tum. 
 
 Antimo'nium Sulptiura'tum. 
 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Sulphurated Anti- 
 mony. See Class XI. 
 
 Arseniate of Ammonia. See Am- 
 moniac Arseni as. 
 
 Arseniate of Iron. See Ferri Arse- 
 nias. 
 
 Arsen'ici Iod'idum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Iodide of Arsenic. 
 
 Arsenious Acid. See Acidum Arse- 
 niostim. 
 
 Black Oxide of Manganese. See 
 
 Nlanganesii Oxidimi Nigrum. 
 
 Black Oxide of Mercury. See Iffy- 
 
 drargyri Oxidum Nigrum. 
 
 Black Sulphuret of Mercury. See Hy- 
 
 drargyri Sulpliu return Nigrum. 
 
 Bladder-wrack. See Fucus Vesicu- 
 losus. 
 
 Bromide of Iron. See Ferri Bromi- 
 d 11 ill. 
 
 Bromide of Mercury. See Hydrar- 
 gyri Bromidum. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium. See Potassii 
 Bromidtim. 
 
 Bromin'ii Chlo'ridum . Chloride of 
 Bromine. 
 
 Bromin'ium. (U.S. Ph.) Bromine. 
 A dark-red liquid having a strong odor, 
 and entirely volatilized by heat in red- 
 dish vapor. Specific gravity, 3.0. 
 
 Cad’mii fod'idum. Iodide of Cadmium. 
 Calomel. See Hydrargyri Flilori- 
 dnm NIite, and Calomelas. 
 
 Falom'elas. (Br. Ph.) Calomel, or 
 the Subchloride of Mercury. A dull- 
 white, heavy, and nearly tasteless powder, 
 insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 
 Carburet of Iron. See Ferri Car- 
 buretum. 
 
 Chloride of Bromine. See Brominii 
 Ciiloridum. 
 
 Chloride of Zinc. See Zinci Flilori- 
 dum. 
 
 C hry sophy Vlum Glycyphlce'iim. See 
 
 Monesia. 
 
 Cinnabar. See HycXrargyri Sul- 
 pliuretum Rubrum. 
 
 Col'chici For 'mus. (Br. Ph.) Col- 
 chicum Corm. The fresh corm of Col' - 
 chicum autumna'le , collected about the 
 end of June. The same as Colehici 
 Radix. 
 
 Fol'chici Ra dix. (U.S. Ph.) Col- 
 647 
 
ALTERATIVES. 
 
 chicum Root. The cormus of Col'chicum 
 autnmna' le. See Class X. 
 
 Col'chaci Semen. (U.S. Ph.) Col- 
 chicum Seed. The seed of Col' chicum 
 aut.umna’ le. See Class X. 
 
 Colchicum Root. See Colcliici Ra- 
 dix. 
 
 Colchicum Seed. See Colchici Se- 
 men. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate. See Hydrar- 
 gy ri Uliloridum €orrosivum. 
 
 Fer'ri Arse'nias. (Br. Ph.) Arse- 
 niate of Iron. 
 
 Fer'ri Brom' idum. Bromide of Iron. 
 ? Fer'ri Carhure' turn. Carburet of 
 
 Iron, or Plumbago. 
 
 Fer'ri lodidum. (Br. Ph.) Iodide 
 of Iron. See Class XIII. 
 
 Fu'cus Vesiculo' 8U8. Bladder-wrack, 
 or Sea-wrack. 
 
 ? Glycerin. 
 
 Green Iodide of Mercury. See Hy- 
 drargyri Iodldtim Viride. 
 
 Hemides'mus. (Br. Ph.) The root 
 
 of Hemides' mu8 In'dicus . 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Brom' idum. Bromide of 
 Mercury. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridum Corro- 
 si'vum. (U.S. Ph.) Corrosive Chloride 
 of Mercury, or Corrosive Sublimate. See 
 Class XVIII. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridum Mi'te. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Mild Chloride of Mercury, or 
 Calomel. A white or pale buff powder, 
 which is tasteless and inodorous, and in- 
 soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Iod'iduni Ru'brum. 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Red Iodide of Mer- 
 cury. A red powder which becomes yel- 
 low when heated, and red again when 
 cold. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Iod'idum Vir'ide. 
 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Green Iodide of 
 Mercury. A greenish-yellow powder, 
 which becomes red when heated. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Ni'tras. Nitrate of 
 
 Mercury. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Ox'idum Ni'grum. 
 
 Black Oxide of Mercury. 
 
 ? Hydrar'gyri Ox'idum Ru'- 
 bruni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Red Oxide 
 of Mercury, or Red Precipitate. See 
 Class XVIII. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Sul'phas Fla'va. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Yellow Sulphate of Mer- 
 cury, or Turpeth Mineral. See Class 
 VIII. 
 
 Hydrar’gyri Snlphnre'tum Ni'grnm. 
 Black Sulphurct of Mercury, or Ethiops 
 Mineral. 
 
 Hydrar'gyri Sulphure'tum Ru'- 
 
 648 
 
 brum. (U.S. Ph.) Red Sulphuret of 
 Mercury, or Cinnabar. 
 
 ? Hydrar gyrum Ammonia'tum. 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ammoniated Mer- 
 cury, or White Precipitate. 
 
 Hydrargyrum Corrosi'vum 
 
 Sublima'tum. (Br. Ph.) Corrosive 
 Sublimate. See Class XVIII. 
 
 Hydrar'gyrum cum Cre'ta. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Mercury with Chalk. 
 
 Hydriodic Acid. See Acidum Hy- 
 driodicum. ' 
 
 Hydriodic Ether. See iEther Hy- 
 driodicus. 
 
 Hydrocot' yle Asiat'ica. Thick-leaved 
 Penny-wort. (A remedy for leprosy.) 
 
 Iodide of Ammonium. See Animo- 
 aiii lodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Arsenic. See Arsenici 
 lodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Cadmium. See Cadmii 
 lodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Iron. See Ferri lodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium. See Potassii 
 lodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Sulphur. See Sulphuris 
 lodidum. 
 
 Iodide of Zinc. See Zinci lodidum. 
 
 Iodine. See Iodinium. 
 
 loditi'iuni. (U.S. Ph.) Iodine. A 
 substance in bluish -black crystalline 
 scales having the metallic lustre. When 
 heated, it first melts and then rises in 
 purple vapor. Specific gravity, 4.9. 
 
 I'odum. (Br. Ph.) Iodine. The 
 same as Iodinium. 
 
 Li'quor Arsen' ici Chlo'ridi. Solution 
 of Chloride of Arsenic. 
 
 Fi'quor Arsen 'ici et Hydrar'gyri 
 lod'idi. (U.S. Ph.) Solution of Iodide 
 of Arsenic and Mercury. 
 
 Fi'quorPotas'sze Arsen i'tis. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Solution of Arsenite of Potassa. 
 
 J fangane’sii Ox'idum Ni’grnm. Black 
 Oxide of Manganese. 
 
 Mangane'sii Sul phas. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Sulphate of Manganese. See Class IX. 
 
 Mercury with Chalk. See Hydrar- 
 gyrum cum Creta. 
 
 Mild Chloride of Mercury. See Hy- 
 drarygyri Ctiloridum Mite. 
 
 JAoae's/a. An extract from the Chry- 
 8ophyl'lum glyoyph/oe'um. 
 
 Nitrate of Mercury. See Hydrar- 
 gyri Xitras. 
 
 Ointment of Mercury. Sec Fiiguen- 
 tum Hydrargyri. 
 
 Pills of Mercury. See Pilube Hy- 
 drargyri. 
 
 Pil'ulse Hydrar'gyri. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Pills of Mercury. 
 
ALTERATIVES.— ANTACIDS. 
 
 Plumbago. See Ferri Carburetum. 
 
 Potas'sse Perman'ganas. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Permanganate of Potash. See Class 
 XVIII. and XXIV. 
 
 ? Potas'sx Phos'phas. Phosphate of 
 Potash. 
 
 Potas'sii Brom'idiim. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Bromide of Potassium. 
 
 Potas'sii Iod'idum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Iodide of Potassium. It occurs in 
 colorless crystals, readily soluble in water. 
 
 Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony. 
 See Antimonium Sulphuratum. 
 
 Pul vis Antimonia'Iis. (Br. Ph.) 
 Antimonial Powder. See Class XI. 
 
 Red Iodide of Mercury. See Hy- 
 drargyri lodidum Rubruni. 
 
 Red Oxide of Mercury. See Hydrar- 
 gyri Oxidum Rubrum. 
 
 Red Sulphuret of Mercury. See Hy- 
 drargyri Sulphuret inn Rubrum. 
 
 Sapona'ria OJJicinu'lis. Soapwort. 
 
 Sar'sa. (Br. Ph.) Jamaica Sarsapa- 
 rilla. The same as Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Sarsaparilla. (U.S. Ph.') The root 
 of Smi'lax ojjicina'lis and of other spe- 
 cies of Smt’lax. 
 
 Sea-wrack. See Fucus Vesiculo- 
 sus. 
 
 Smi'lax. As'pera. See Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Smi'lax Ojjicina'lis. See Sarsapa- 
 rilla- 
 
 Smi'lax Syphilit'ica. See Sarsapa- 
 rilla. 
 
 Soapwort. See Saponaria Offici- 
 nalis. 
 
 Solution of Arsenite of Potassa. See 
 Liquor Potassse Arseni I is. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Arsenic. See 
 Liquor Arsenici Chloridi. 
 
 Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mer- 
 cury. See Liquor Arsenici et Hy- 
 dra rgyri Iodidi. 
 
 Stilling in. (U.S. Ph.) The root of 
 Stillin'gia sylvat'ica. 
 
 Sulphur, in its various forms, is by 
 some medical writers regarded as altera- 
 tive. See Classes IX. and XII. 
 
 Sulphurated Antimony. See Anti- 
 nionium Sulpliuratuin. 
 
 Sul'pliuris Iod'idum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Iodide of Sulphur. 
 
 Turpcth Mineral. See Hydrargyri 
 Sulphas Flava. 
 
 ITnguen'tum Hydrar'gyri. (U.S. 
 and Br. Ph.) Ointment of Mercury. 
 
 Vi'num Col'chici Radi Vis. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Wine of Colchicum Root. See 
 Class X. 
 
 Yellow Sulphate of Mercury. See 
 Hydrargyri Sulphas Flava. 
 
 Zin'^i Clilo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chloride of Zinc. See Class XVIII. 
 
 Zin'gi Iod'idum. Iodide of Zinc. 
 
 CLASS XXII. 
 
 ANTACIDS. 
 
 SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF COMBINING WITH AND NEUTRALIZING ACIDS. 
 HENCE ALL SALIFIABLE BASES ARE ANTACIDS,* BUT THE ALKALIES, ALKALINE 
 EARTHS, AND THEIR CARBONATES, ARE ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY EMPLOYED FOR 
 THIS PURPOSE. 
 
 Ammo' nix A' qua. See Aqua Am- 
 moniac. 
 
 Ammo nia* Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Ammonia. See 
 Class III. 
 
 Ammo'nise Li'quor. (Br. Ph.) 
 Solution of Ammonia. See next arti- 
 cle. 
 
 A'qua Ammo'nise. (U. S. Ph.) 
 Water (or Solution)of Ammonia. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. See 
 Spiritus Ammonise Aromaticus. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassa. See Potassse 
 Bicarbonas. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Soda. See Sodse Bi- 
 carbonas. 
 
 Calcined Magnesia. See Magnesia. 
 
 55 * 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia. See Ammo- 
 
 nise C arbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Lithia. See Lithise 
 Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia. See Magne- 
 sise Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Potassa. See Potassse 
 Carbonas. 
 
 Carbonate of Soda. See Sodse Car- 
 bonas. 
 
 Chalk. See Creta. 
 
 Cre'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Chalk. Native 
 friable carbonate of lime. 
 
 Cre'ta Prsepara'ta. (Br. Ph.) Pre- 
 pared Chalk. 
 
 Dried Carbonate of Soda. See Sodse 
 Carbonas Fxsiccata. 
 
 649 
 
ANTACIDS.— ANTHELMINTICS. 
 
 Fer'ri Ox'idum Hydra'tum. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Hydrated Oxide of Iron. 
 (An antidote to arsenious acid.) 
 
 Fer'ri Perox'idiim Hydra'tiim. 
 
 (Br. Ph.) Hydrated Peroxide of Iron. 
 
 The same as Ferri Oxidum Hydra- 
 turn. 
 
 Hydrated Oxide of Iron. See Ferri 
 Oxidum Hydratunl. 
 
 Lime Water. See Liquor Calcic. 
 Liquor Cal'cis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Lime Water. 
 
 Li'quor Potas'sae. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Solution of Potassa. See Class XVIII. 
 
 ILi'quor So'clse. (U.S. Ph.) Solu- 
 tion of Soda. See Class XVIII. 
 
 Litb'ise Carbo'nas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Carbonate of Lithia. (A remedy 
 for calculus.) 
 
 Magne'sia. (Br. Ph.) Calcined Mag- 
 nesia. See Class IX. 
 
 Magne'siae Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Magnesia. See 
 Class IX. 
 
 ? Potas sa Sulphura'ta. (Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphurated Potash. The same as Po- 
 tassii Sulpliu return. 
 
 Potas'sse Bicarbo'uas. (U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Bicarbonate of Potassa, or Sal 
 seratus. A substance in white, colorless 
 crystals, permanent in the air and wholly 
 soluble in water. 
 
 Potas'sae Carbo'nas. (U. S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Potash; other- 
 wise called Subcarbonate of Potash. A 
 white crystalline powder, alkaline and 
 caustic to the taste, very deliquescent, 
 and readily soluble in water. 
 
 ? Potas'sii Sulphure'tum. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Sulphuret of Potassium. 
 
 Prepared Chalk. See Creta Praepa- 
 rata. 
 
 Prepared Oyster Shell. See Testa 
 Praeparata. 
 
 Sa'po. (U.S. Ph.) Soap. 
 
 So'dae Bicarbo'uas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Bicarbonate of Soda. 
 
 So'dae Carbo'nas. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Carbonate of Soda. 
 
 So'dae Carbo'nas Exsicca'ta, 
 (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Dried Carbonate of 
 Soda. 
 
 Solution of Ammonia. See Amino* 
 
 niae Liquor. 
 
 Solution of Potassa. See Liquor 
 
 Potassae. 
 
 Spir'itus A in mo' nine Aromat'i- 
 cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Aromatic Spirit 
 of Ammonia. See Class IV. 
 
 Sulphuret of Potassium. See Potas- 
 sii Sulpliuretuin. 
 
 Tes'ta O'vi . Egg Shell. 
 
 Tes'ta Praepara'ta. (U. S. Ph.) 
 Prepared Oyster Shell. 
 
 CLASS XXIII. 
 
 ANTHELMINTICS. 
 
 SUBSTANCES WHICH HAVE THE PROPERTY OF POISONING OR DEBILITATING WORMS IN 
 THE ALIMENTARY CANAL, AND THUS RENDERING THEM MORE EASY OF EXPULSION. 
 IN RELATION TO THEIR MODE OF OPERATION, IT IS PROBABLE THAT SOME ACT BY A 
 DIRECTLY POISONOUS INFLUENCE UPON THE WORM. OTHERS BY A MECHANICAL 
 
 AGENCY. 
 
 ? Absin'thium. (U.S. Ph.) Worm- 
 wood. See Class II., Section II. 
 
 Asacjrse'a Ojjicina' lis. See Sabadilla. 
 
 Ascle'pias Curassavi' ca. Bastard Ipe- 
 cacuanha, or Blood Weed. (The ex- 
 pressed juice.) 
 
 Aspid'ium Fi'lix 3Tas. See Filix. 
 
 Asple'nium Fi'lix Foem'ina , otherwise 
 called A8pid'ium Fi'lix Foem'ina . Fe- 
 male Fern. 
 
 Azed'arach. (U.S. Ph.) See Class 
 IX. 
 
 Bastard Ipecacuanha. See Asclepias 
 Curassavica. 
 
 Bear's-foot. See Ilelleborus Foet- 
 id us. 
 
 Blood Weed. See Asclepias Curas- 
 savi ca. 
 
 Calomel. See Hyilrargyri Clilori- 
 dum Mite, and Caloinelas. 
 
 Calom'elas. (Br. Ph.) Calomel. See 
 Class XXI. 
 
 Cevadilla. See Sabadilla. 
 
 Chamomile, German. See Matrica- 
 ria. 
 
 Clicnopo'diuni. (U.S. Ph.) Worm- 
 seed. The fruit of Chenopo'dium anthcl- 
 miu'ticum . 
 
 Chloride of Sodium. Sec Sodii Chlo- 
 ridum. 
 
 Cinnabar. See Ilydrargyri Sul* 
 pliiiretuni Itubrum. 
 
 650 
 
ANTHELMINTICS.— DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS. 
 
 Common Salt. See Sodii Clilora- 
 diim. 
 
 Cowhage. See Muciina. 
 
 C’us'so. (Br. Ph.) Kousso, or Koosso. 
 The flowers of Braye'ra anthelmin'tica. 
 (A remedy for the tapeworm.) 
 
 Female Fern. See Asplcnium Fi- 
 lix Foemiiia. 
 
 Fern Root. See Filix. 
 
 Fi'lix. (Br. Ph.) Fern Root. The 
 dried rhizome of Aspid'ium Fi'lix Mas. 
 See next article. 
 
 Fi'lix Mas. (U.S. Ph.) Male Fern. 
 The rhizoma of Aspid'ium Fi'lix J fas. 
 German Chamomile. See Matricaria. 
 Grana'ti Radi'cis Cor'tex. (.U.S. 
 Ph.) Bark of Pomegranate Root. The 
 bark of the root of Pu'nica gratia' turn. 
 
 Grana'ti Ra dix. (Br. Ph.) Pome- 
 granate Root. The same as Graiiati 
 Radicis Cortex. 
 
 Helleb' orus Foct'idus. IJear’s-foot. 
 Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridiini Mi'te. 
 (U.S. Ph.) Mild Chloride of Mercury, 
 or Calomel. See Class XXI. 
 
 ? Hydrar'gyri Sulphure'tum Ru'brum . 
 (U.S. Ph.) Cinnabar. Sec Class XXI. 
 
 Kame'la. (Br. Ph.) The powder of 
 the capsules of Rottle'ra tincto'ria . The 
 same as Rottlcra. 
 
 Koosso, or Kousso. See Cusso. 
 Liquor Ba'rii Chlo'ridi. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Solution of Chloride of Barium. 
 Male Fern. See Filix Mas. 
 Matrica'ria. (U.S. Ph.) German 
 Chamomile. The flowers of Matrica'ria 
 chain omil' la. 
 
 Mc'lia Azed' arach. Sec Azedaracli. 
 Mild Chloride of Mercury. See Hy- 
 drargyri Cliloridtim Mite. 
 
 Mucu'na. (U.S. Ph.) Cowhage. The 
 hairs of the pods of Mucii na pru' Hens. 
 
 Pe'po. (U.S. Ph.) Pumpkin Seed. 
 (A remedy for the tapeworm.) 
 
 Pinkroot. See Spigelia. 
 
 Powder of Tin. See Stanni Pul- 
 vis. 
 
 Pride of China, or Pride of India. Sea 
 
 Azedaracli. 
 
 ? Red Sulphuret of Mercury. See Hy- 
 drargyri SiilpSiurctiim Riibriun. 
 
 Rottle'ra. (U.S. Ph.) Kamela, or 
 Kameela. The powder and hairs obtained 
 from the capsules of Rottle'ra tincto'ria. 
 (A remedy for the tapeworm.) 
 
 Rottle'ra Tincto'ria. See Rottlera, 
 and Kamela. 
 
 Sabadil'la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ceva- 
 dilla. See Class IX. 
 
 Salt. See Sodii Chloridum. 
 
 Santon'ica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
 unexpanded flowers and peduncles of 
 Artemis' ia con'tra and of oeher species 
 of Artemisia (U.S. Ph.). The unex- 
 panded flower-heads of an undetermined 
 species of Artemisia (Br. Ph.). 
 
 Saiitoni'iium. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Santonin. A crystalline neutral princi- 
 ple obtained from Santon'ica. 
 
 Sodii Clilo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
 Salt. See Class II., Section V. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Barium. See 
 Liquor Barii Fliloridi. 
 
 Spige'lia. (U.S. Ph.) Pinkroot. The 
 root of Spige'lia Martian' dica. 
 
 Stan'ni Pul' vis. Powder of Tin. 
 
 Tanace'tum. (U.S. Ph.) Tansy. 
 The herb of Tanace'tum vnlga're . 
 
 Tansy. See Tanacetum. 
 
 Terebinth iua. (U.S. Ph.) Turpem 
 tine. The concrete juice of Pi'nns ]ia- 
 lus'tris and other species of Pinus . See 
 Class X. 
 
 Turpentine. See Tcrebintliina. 
 
 Vera.' trum Sabadil'la. SeeSabadilla. 
 
 Verno'nia Anthelmin’tica. An East 
 Indian plant. (Also extolled as a bitter 
 tonic.) 
 
 Wormseed. See Cheuopodium. 
 
 CLASS XXIV. 
 
 DISINFECTANTS, AND ANTISEPTICS .* 
 
 SUBSTANCES WHICH POSSESS THE POWER OF DESTROYING MORBIFIC VIRUS OR MIASM. 
 AND OF CORRECTING A TENDENCY TO PUTRESCENCE. 
 
 A^'idtim Hydroehlo'ricum. (Br. j A$'idum Muriat'icum. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Ph.) Hydrochloric Acid. The same as Muriatic Acid. (Antiseptic.) See Classes 
 
 Aciduan Muriaticum. 1 II. and VI. 
 
 * With a few exceptions, substances that are antiseptic may be used as disinfectants also: 
 those not so used are noted in the list. (See Sodii Cliloriiluaii, etc.) 
 
 651 
 
DISINFECTANTS, AND ANTISEPTICS. 
 
 As'idnm Mi'tricuni. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Nitric Acid. (Antiseptic.) See 
 Class II., Section V. 
 
 Aq'idtun Nitrohydrochlo'ricum. The 
 same as Acidum Nitramuriati- 
 
 CU1X1. 
 
 A^'idami Nltromuriat'icnm. 
 
 (U.S. Ph.) Nitromuriatic Acid. See 
 Class XXI. 
 
 A^'idmn Sulpbu'ricum. ( U.S. and 
 Br. Ph.) Sulphuric Acid. (Antiseptic.) 
 See Class II., Section V. 
 
 Ac'idum SulpBiuro'sum. (Br. Ph.) 
 Sulphurous Acid. See Class XXI. 
 
 • AE llier. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ether, 
 or Sulphuric Ether. See Class V. 
 
 Alcohol. (U.S. Ph.) (Antiseptic.) 
 Aln'minse Sul'phas. Sulphate of Alu- 
 mina. (Antiseptic.) 
 
 A 'qua Flilorin'ii. (U.S. Ph.) Chlo- 
 rine Water, or Solution of Chlorine. 
 ISroiuin'iuin. (U.S. Ph.) Bromine. 
 Cal' cis Surplus. Sulphite of Lime. 
 Calx. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Lime. See 
 Class XVIII. 
 
 Calx Clilora'ta. (Br. Ph.) Chlori- 
 nated Lime. See next article. 
 
 Calx Clilorixia'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Chlo- 
 rinated Lime. 
 
 Car'bo Lig'ni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Charcoal. 
 
 Carbolic Acid. See Phcnic Acid. 
 Charcoal. See Carbo Ugui. 
 Chloride of Lime. See Calx CEalo- 
 r in at a. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium. See ^odii Cfrlo- 
 r i«l u 111. 
 
 Chlo'ri Fi'quor. (Br. Ph.) Solu- 
 tion of Chlorine. 
 
 Chlorinated Lime. See Calx CI1I0- 
 rinata. 
 
 Chlorine. See ChloriniuBii. 
 
 Chlorine Water. See Aqua Clalo- 
 rixila. 
 
 adorin' ii Li'quor. See Aqua Cblo- 
 rinii. 
 
 Chlorin' him. Chlorine. 
 
 Common Salt. See Sodii Clilori- 
 d u m. 
 
 Copperas. See Ferrt Sulphas. 
 Creasote. See Creasotum. 
 (Veaso'tum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Creasote. See Class V. 
 
 Ether. See Aether. 
 
 Fer'ri Sulphas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 
 6a2 
 
 I Sulphate of Iron. See Class I., Section 
 
 II. 
 
 Cllyccri'na. (U.S. Ph.) Glycerin. 
 (Antiseptic.) See Class XIX. 
 
 Labarraque’s Disinfecting Liquid. The 
 same as Liquor Soda? (hlorlnatse. 
 
 Ledoyen's Disinfecting Fluid. A solu- 
 tion of Nitrate of Lead, in the proportion 
 of a drachm of the salt to an ounce of 
 water. 
 
 Li'quor So'dse. Chlorci’tee. See Sodse 
 Cbloratse Liquor. 
 
 Li'quor So 'da? CSilorina'ta?. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Solution of Chlorinated Soda. 
 
 Nitrate of Lead. See Plumb! Nitras. 
 
 Nitre, or Nitrate of Potash. See Po- 
 tassa? Nairas. 
 
 Nitromuriatic Acid. See Acidum 
 NI t room rials eu in. 
 
 Phen'ic Acid, otherwise called Carbolic 
 Acid. A substance obtained by distil- 
 lation from the oily portion of coal tar, 
 and resembling creasote in its chemical 
 relations and physical properties. 
 
 Plum'bi Ni'tras. (U.S. Ph.) Nitrate 
 of Lead. 
 
 Potas'sse Ni'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Nitrate of Potash, or Nitre. Chiefly em- 
 ployed as an antiseptic. 
 
 Potas'ste Perinaii'gaiias. (U.S. 
 Ph.) Permanganate of Potash. See 
 Class XVIII. 
 
 ? Sae'eharum. (U.S. Ph.) Sugar. 
 (Antiseptic.) 
 
 Salt. See Sodii CTiloridum. 
 
 Soda? Chlora'tse Li'quor. (Br. 
 Ph.) Solution of Chlorinated Soda. The 
 same as Liquor Soda* Ftiloriciatae. 
 
 ? So'd;e Sul phis. (U.S. Ph.) Sul- 
 phite of Soda. 
 
 So'dii Fhlo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
 Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
 Salt. (Antiseptic.) See Class I., Section 
 II. 
 
 Solution of Chlorinated Soda. See 
 
 Liquor Soda? Chlorinata*. 
 
 Solution of Chlorine. See Aqua 
 Chloriuii. 
 
 Sugar. See Saccliarum. (Anti- 
 septic.) 
 
 Sulphate of Iron. See Ferri Sul- 
 plias. 
 
 Sulphite of Lime. See Calcis Sul- 
 phis. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether. See JEther. 
 
EXCITO-MOTOR STIMULANTS. 
 
 CLASS XXY. 
 
 EXCITO-MOTOR STIMULANTS. 
 
 SUBSTANCES WHTCH POSSESS THE POWER OF EXCITING, THROUGH THE SPINAL MAR- 
 ROW AND MOTOR NERVES, CONTRACTION OF THE MUSCLES OF THE BODY.* 
 
 Bean of St. Ignatius. See Ignatia. 
 Borax. See Soda? Boras. 
 
 Bru'cia. An alkaloid obtained from 
 nux vomica and the bean of St. Ignatius. 
 Ergot. See Ergot a. 
 
 Ergo'ta. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ergot. 
 The diseased seed of Seca'le cerea'le 
 (U.S. Ph.). Secale cereale: the grain 
 diseased by the presence of an imperfect 
 fungus (Br. Ph.). (Uterine.) 
 
 Extrac'tnm Can nabis. (U.S. Ph.) 
 Extract of Hemp. (Uterine.) SeeClassV. 
 
 Extrac'tnm Can'll aids In'dicre. 
 (Br. Ph.) Extract of Indian Hemp. The 
 same as Extractuin Cannabis. 
 
 Fa' la Sanc'ti Tgna'tii. See Ignat ia. 
 Gossy'pii Ita'dix. (Uterine.) See 
 Class XIII. 
 
 Igna'tia. (U.S. Ph.) Bean of St. 
 Ignatius. The seed of Strych’nos Ig- 
 na'tia. 
 
 Nitrous Oxide. See Oxidum Nitro- 
 snin. 
 
 Nux Vom ica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 
 The seed of Strycli'nos mix vom'ica. 
 
 ? Oc'idum Nitro’sum. Nitrous Oxide 
 (Gas). See Class V. 
 
 Seca'le Cerea'le. See Ergota. 
 
 So'dse Bo'ras. (U.S. Ph.) Borate 
 of Soda, or Borax. (Uterine.) See Class 
 VI. and X. 
 
 Strych'nia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
 Strychnine. An alkaloid in the form of 
 a white or grayish-white powder, of an 
 intensely bitter taste, obtained from 
 Strycli'nos nux vom'ica. 
 
 * Several of these substances have a special direction to the uterus, and are marked uterine. 
 
 653 
 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA, 
 
 4e 5J=* In the following Index, a single number placed after the name denotes the class to which the article be* 
 longs: as, ‘ Acacia, 1:1,” “Alcohol, 5;” when two numbers occur, separated by a comma, the tirst refers to the 
 class, the second to the section: as, “Acetate of Magnesia, 9, 2 but if the numbers are joined by an “and, • 
 different classes are referred to: thus, “Adansonia Digitata, 2,3 and 11,3,” implies that this belongs to the 
 second class, third se tion, and also to the eleventh class, third section. For the sake of brevity, Arabic numerals 
 are employed in the Index instead of the Roman which occur in the Table. 
 
 Aries Balsamea, 10. 
 
 Abies Canadensis, 17. 
 
 Abies Excelsa, 17. 
 
 Absinthium, 2, 2. 
 
 Acacia, 19. 
 
 Acacia Catechu, 1,1. 
 
 Acetate of Ammonia, Solution 
 of, 11, 2. 
 
 Acetate of Lead, 1, 2. 
 
 Acetate of Magnesia, 9, 2. 
 Acetate of Morphia, 5. 
 
 Acetate of Potassa, 9, 2. 
 Acetate of Zinc, 1, 2. 
 
 Acetum Cantharidis, 16. 
 Acetum Colchici, 10. 
 
 Acetum Opii, 5. 
 
 Acetum Scillae, 12, 8. 
 
 Achillea Millefolium, 13. 
 Acidum Aceticum, 6. 
 
 Acidum Aceticum Camphora- 
 tum, 5. 
 
 Acidum Aceticum Glaciale, 16. 
 Acidum Arseniosum, 18 and 21. 
 Acidum Citricum, 6. 
 
 Acidum Gallicum, 1, 1. 
 Acidum Hydriodicum, 21. 
 Acidum Hydrochloricum, 2, 5. 
 Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilu- 
 tum, 7. 
 
 Acidum Muriaticum, 6 & 2, 5. 
 Acidum Nitricum, 2, 5; and 24. 
 Acidum Nitricum Dilutum,2, 5. 
 Acidum Nitro-hydrochlori- 
 cum, 21 and 24. 
 
 Acidum Nitromuriaticum, 2, 
 5 ; and 21 and 24. 
 
 Acidum Phosphoric um Dilu- 
 tum, 2, 5. 
 
 Acidum Sulphuricum, 2, 5; 
 and 24. 
 
 Acidum Sulphuricum Aroma- 
 ticum, 1, 2; and 2, 5. 
 Acidum Sulphurosum, 21 & 24. 
 Acidum Tannicum, 1, 1. 
 Acidum Tartaricum, 6. 
 Aconite, 7. 
 
 Aconite Root, 7. 
 
 Aconiti Folium, 7. 
 
 Aconiti Radix, 7. 
 
 Aconitia, 7. 
 
 Aconitum, 7. 
 
 Acorus Calamus, 2, 4. 
 
 Acrid Lettuce, 5. 
 
 Adansonia Digitata, 2, 3 ; and 
 11,3. 
 
 Adder’s Tongue, 8. 
 
 Adeps, 20. 
 
 Adeps Praeparatus, 20. 
 jEsculus Hippocastanum, 2, 3. 
 .Ether, 4. 
 
 .Ether Hydriodicus, 21. 
 Agathotes Chirayta, 2, 1. 
 Agave Americana, 13. 
 
 Alcohol, 5. 
 
 Aletris, 2, 1. 
 
 Allium, 12 and 4. 
 
 Allium Cepa, 12. 
 
 Aloe Barbadensis, 9, 1. 
 
 Aloe Capensis, 9, 1. 
 
 Aloe Hepatica, 9, 1. 
 
 Aloe Socotrina, 9, 1. 
 
 Aloe Vulgaris, 9, 1. 
 
 Aloes, 9, 1 ; and 13. 
 
 Alpinia Cardamomum, 2, 4. 
 Althaea, 19. 
 
 Alum, 1, 2. 
 
 Alum Root, 1, 1. 
 
 Alumen, 1, 2. 
 
 Alumen Exsiccatum, 18. 
 Aluminae Sulphas, 24. 
 American Aloe, 13. 
 
 American Centaury, 2, 1. 
 American Col umbo, 2, 1. 
 American Dittany, 11, 3. 
 American Hellebore, 8. 
 American Senna, 9, 1. 
 Ammonia, 22. 
 
 Ammoniac, 12. 
 
 Ammoniacum, 12. 
 
 Ammoniae Aqua, 22. 
 Ammoniae Arsenias, 21. 
 Ammoniae Ben/.oas, 10. 
 Ammoniae Carbonas, 3. 
 Ammoniae Hydrochloras, 4. 
 Ammoniae Hydrosulphure- 
 tum, 6. 
 
 Ammoniae Liquor, 22. 
 Ammoniae Liquor Fortior, 17. 
 Ammoniae Phosplias, 21. 
 Ammoniated Copper, 2, 5. 
 Ammonii Iodidum, 21. 
 Amygdala, 19. 
 
 Amygdala Dulcis, 19. 
 
 Amylum, 19. 
 
 Amyris Myrrlia, 2, 2. 
 Anacardium Occidentale, 18. 
 Anacyclus Py rethrum, 14. 
 Anethum, 2, 4. 
 
 Angelica, 2, 4. 
 
 Angelica Atropurpurea, 2, 4. 
 Angustura, 2, 3. 
 
 Anisum, 2, 4. 
 
 Anthemis, 2, 2. 
 
 Anthemis Cotula, 2, 2. 
 Antimoniae et Potassae Tartras, 
 8 . 
 
 Antimonial Powder, 11, 1. 
 Antimonial Wine, 8 and 11. 
 Antimonii Oxidum, 8. 
 Antimonii Sulphuretum, 8. 
 Antimonii Terchloridi Liquor, 
 18. 
 
 Antimonium Sulpliuratum,ll, 
 
 1 . 
 
 Antimonium Tartaratum, 8. 
 Apocynum Androsaemifolium, 
 8 . 
 
 Apocynum Cannabinum, 8. 
 
 Aqua Acidi Carbonici, 11, 2. 
 Aqua Ammoniae, 22. 
 
 Aqua Ammonite Fortior, 16. 
 Aqua Calcis, 1,2; and 22. 
 Aqua Chlorinii, 24. 
 
 Aqua Fortis, 2, 5. 
 
 Arbutus Uva Ursi, 1, 1. 
 Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi, 1, 1. 
 Argenti Nitras, 18 and 16. 
 Argenti Nitras Fusa, 16. 
 Argenti Oxidum, 4. 
 Aristolochia Serpen taria, 2, 3. 
 Armoracia, 10 and 15. 
 
 Arnica, 4. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, 4. 
 Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, 1, 2. 
 Arrow-Root, 19. 
 
 Arseniate of Ammonia, 21. 
 Arseniate of Iron, 21. 
 
 Arsenici Iodidum, 21. 
 Arsenious Acid, 21. 
 
 Artanthe Elongata, 2, 4. 
 Artemisia Absinthium, 2, 2. 
 Artichoke, 10. 
 
 Arum. 12. 
 
 Asagrtea Officinalis, 9, 1. 
 Asarabacca, 15. 
 
 Asarum, 2, 4. 
 
 Asarum Europaeum, 15. 
 Asclepias Curassavica, 23. 
 Asclepias Incarnata, 8. 
 Asclepias Syriaca, 12. 
 Asclepias Tuberosa, 11, 3. 
 Asparagus Officinalis, 10. 
 Aspidium Filix Mas, 23. 
 Asplenium (or Aspidium) Filix 
 Foemina, 23. 
 
 Assafetida, or Assafcetida, 4. 
 Astragalus Verus, 19. 
 
 Atropa Belladonna, 5. 
 
 Atropia, 5. 
 
 Aurantii Cortex, 2, 4. 
 
 Avenae Farina, 19. 
 
 Azedarach, 9, 1 ; and 23. 
 
 Balm, 2, 4. 
 
 Balsam of Peru, 12. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu, 12. 
 Balsamodendron Myrrha, 2, 2. 
 Balsamum Peruvianuin, 12. 
 Balsamum Tolutanum, 12. 
 Baneberry, 9, 1. 
 
 Baobab, 2, 3; and 11, 3. 
 Barbadoes Aloes, 9. 
 
 Barbadoes Nut, 9, 1. 
 
 Barberry, 1, 1; and 6. 
 
 Barley, 19. 
 
 Barosma Crenata, 10. 
 
 Bastard Ipecacuanha, 23. 
 
 Bean of St. Ignacius, 2, 5. 
 Bearberry, 1, 1. 
 
 Bear’s-foot, 23. 
 
 Bebeeru Bark, 2, 2. 
 
 Beberiae Sulphas, 2, 2. 
 
 Bela, 1, 1. 
 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Belladonna, 5. 
 
 Belladonnas Folium, 5. 
 Belladonnae Radix, 5. 
 
 Benne Leaves, 19. 
 
 Benzoin, 12. 
 
 Benzoin uni, 12. 
 
 Berberis Vulgaris, 1, 1 ; and 6. 
 Biborate of Soda, 6 and 10. 
 Bicarbonate of Potassa, 22. 
 Bicarbonate of Soda, 22. 
 Bichloride of Mercury, 18 & 21. 
 Bichromate of Lead, 8. 
 Bichromate of Potassa, 8. 
 Bismuthi Subnitras, 2, 5. 
 Bisinuthum Album, 2, 5. 
 Bistort, 1, 1. 
 
 Bisulphate of Potassa, 2, 5. 
 Bisulpliurate of Carbon, 11, 3. 
 Bi tartrate of Potassa, 6. 
 Bittersweet, 5. 
 
 Black Alder, 1, 1. 
 Blackberry-Root, 1, 1. 
 
 Black Drop, 5. 
 
 Black-Oak Bark, 1, 1. 
 
 Black Oxide of Mercury, 14 
 and 22. 
 
 Black Pepper, 2, 4. 
 
 Black Snakeroot, 2, 2. 
 
 Black Sulphuret of Mercury, 21. 
 Bladder- Wrack, 21. 
 Blood-Root, 8. 
 
 Blood Weed, 23. 
 
 Blue Flag, 9, 1. 
 
 Blue Gentian, 2, 1. 
 
 Blue Vitriol, 18; 1, 2; and 2, 5. 
 Blunt-leaved Dock, 1, 1. 
 Boneset, 2, 3. 
 
 Borate of Soda, 6 and 10. 
 Borax, 6, 10, and 25. 
 
 Brandy, 5. 
 
 Bromide of Iron, 21. 
 
 Bromide of Mercury, 21. 
 Bromide of Potassium, 21. 
 Bromine (Brominium), 21. 
 Brominii Cliloridum, 21. 
 Broom, 10. 
 
 Brucia, 25. 
 
 Bryony, or Bryonia, 9, 1. 
 Buchu, 10. 
 
 Buck-Bean, 2, 2. 
 
 Bugle-Weed, 5. 
 
 Burdock, 9, 1. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch, 17. 
 Butterfly-Weed, 11, 3. 
 Butternut, 9, 1. 
 
 Button Snakeroot, 11. 
 
 Cadmii Iodidum, 21. 
 
 Caffea, 4. 
 
 Cahinca, or Cainca, 10. 
 Calamine, 2, 5. 
 
 Calamus, 2, 4; and 14. 
 Calcined Magnesia, 9, 2. 
 
 Calcis Sulphis, 24. 
 
 Calomel, 21 ; and 9, 2. 
 Calomelas, 21 ; and 9, 2. 
 Calotropis Gigantea, 11, 3. 
 Calumba, 2, 1. 
 
 Calx, 18. 
 
 Calx Chlorinata or Chlorata, 
 1 , 2 . 
 
 Cambogia, 9, 1. 
 
 Camphora, 4. 
 
 Camphorated Acetic Acid, 5. 
 Canada Fleabane, 10; and 1, 1. 
 Canada Pitch, 17. 
 
 Canada Snakeroot, 2, 4. 
 
 Canada Turpentine, 10. 
 Canella, 2, 4. 
 
 Canella Alba, 2, 4. 
 
 Canna, 19. 
 
 Cannabis Indica, 5. 
 Cantharide9, 16. 
 
 Cantliaris, 16. 
 
 Cantharis Vittata, 16. 
 
 Capparis Spinosa, or Caper 
 Bush, 10. 
 
 Capsicum, 3. 
 
 Caraway, 2, 4. 
 
 Carbolic Acid, 24. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia, 3. 
 Carbonate of Lead, 1, 2. 
 Carbonate of Litliia, 22. 
 Carbonate of Magnesia, 9, 2. 
 Carbonate of Potassa, 22. 
 Carbonate of Soda, 22. 
 Carbonate of Zinc, 2, 5. 
 Carbonic Acid Water, 11, 2. 
 Carburet of Iron, 21. 
 Cardamom, 2, 4. 
 
 Cardamomum, 2, 4. 
 
 Carota, 10. 
 
 Carrageen, 19. 
 
 Cartliamus, 11, 3. 
 
 Carui, 2, 4. 
 
 Carum, 2, 4. 
 
 Caryophyllum, 2, 4. 
 Caryopliyllus, 2, 4. 
 
 Cascarilla, 2, 3. 
 
 Cashew-Nut, 18. 
 
 Cassia, 9, 1. 
 
 Cassia Acuti folia, 9, 1. 
 
 Cassia Elongata, 9, L 
 Cassia Fistula, 9, 1. 
 
 Castanea Pumila, 1, 1. 
 
 Castor, 4. 
 
 Castoreum, 4. 
 
 Cataria, 4. 
 
 Catechu, 1, 1. 
 
 Catnep, 4. 
 
 Caustic Potassa, 18. 
 
 Caustic Soda, 18. 
 
 Cayenne Pepper, 3. 
 
 Celandine, 9, 1. 
 
 Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, 8. 
 Cerate of Lard, 20. 
 
 Cerate of Spanish Flies, 16. 
 Cerate of Spermaceti, 20. 
 Cerate of Subacetate of Lead, 
 1 , 2 . 
 
 Ceratum Adipis, 20. 
 
 Ceratum Cantharidis, 16. 
 Ceratum Cetacei, 20. 
 
 Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis, 
 20; and 1, 2. 
 
 Ceratum Saponis, 20. 
 
 Ceratum Simplex, 20. 
 Cetaceum, 20 and 19. 
 
 Cetraria, 19. 
 
 Cevadilla, 9, 1. 
 
 Chalk, 22. 
 
 Chalk, Prepared, 22. 
 Chamomile, 2, 2. 
 
 Chelidonium Majus, 9, 1. 
 Chenopodium, 23. 
 
 Cherry Laurel, 4. 
 
 Chimaphila, 10. 
 
 Chinquapin, 1, 1. 
 
 Chirayta, or Chirata, 2, 1. 
 Chiretta, 2, 1. 
 
 Chlorate of Potassa, 6. 
 
 Chloride of Bromine, 21. 
 Chloride of Iron, 13. 
 
 Chloride of Magnesium, 9, 2. 
 Chloride of Sodium, 2, 3. 
 Chloride of Zinc, 18. 
 
 Chlori Liquor, 24. 
 
 Chlorinated Lime, 24. 
 
 Chlorine Water, 24. 
 
 Chlorinii Liquor, 24. 
 Chloroform, 5. 
 
 Chlorofonnum, 5. 
 Chloroformum Venale, 5. 
 Cliondrus, 19. 
 
 Chrysopliyllum Clycyphloe- 
 um, 21. 
 
 Cimicifuga, 2, 2. 
 
 Cinchona, 2, 3. 
 
 Cinnabar, 14, 21. 
 Cinnatnomum, 2, 4. 
 Cinnamomum Zeylanicum,2,4. 
 Cinnamon, 2, 4. 
 
 Cissampelos Pareira, 10. 
 Citrate of Iron, 2, 5. 
 
 Citrate of Potassa, 6 & 11; 2. 
 Citrate of Soda, 9, 2. 
 
 Citric Acid, 6. 
 
 Citrullus Colocynthis, 9, 1. 
 Citrus Aurantium, 2, 4. 
 Clematis, 10. 
 
 Cloves, 2, 4. 
 
 Cocculus Palmatus, 2,1. 
 Coclilearia Armoracia, 10 & 15. 
 Cochlearia Officinalis, 10. 
 Cod-liver Oil, 2, 2. 
 
 Coffee, 4. 
 
 Colchici Cormus, 21. 
 
 Colchici Radix, 21. 
 
 Colchici Semen, 21. 
 
 Colomba, 2, 1. 
 
 Comfrey, 19. 
 
 Common Caustic, 18. 
 
 Common Mallow, 19. 
 
 Common Salt, 2. 3; and 2, 5. 
 Compound Spirit of iEther, 4 
 Conii Fructus, 5. 
 
 Conium, 5. 
 
 Convallaria Majalis, 15. 
 Convolvulus Panduratus, 9, 1. 
 Convolvulus Scammonia, 9, 1. 
 Copaiba, 10. 
 
 Copaifera Multijuga, 10. 
 Copperas, 1, 2 ; and 24. 
 
 Coptis, 2, 1. 
 
 Coriander, 2, 4. 
 
 Coriandrum, 2, 4. 
 
 Cornus Circinata, 2, 3. 
 
 Cornus Florida, 2, 3. 
 
 Cornus Sericea, 2, 3. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate, 18 and 2L 
 Corydalis Formosa, 10. 
 
 Cotton Root, 13 and 25. 
 Cotula, 2, 2. 
 
 Cowhage, 23. 
 
 Cranesbill, 1, 1. 
 
 Cream of Tartar, 6. 
 
 Creasote, 5. 
 
 Creasotum, 5. 
 
 Creta, 22. 
 
 Creta Praeparata, 22. 
 
 Crocus, 4 ; and 11, 3. 
 
 Croton Eleuteria, 2, 3. 
 
 Croton Oil, 9, 1. 
 
 Croton Tiglium, 9, 1. 
 
 Crotonis Oleum, 9, 1. 
 Crowfoot, 16. 
 
 655 
 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Crystals ol Tartar, 9, 2. 
 Cubeba, 10 and 2, 4. 
 
 Cubebs, 10 and 2, 4. 
 
 Cucumis Colocynthis, 9, 1. 
 Cunila Mariana, 11, 3. 
 
 Cupri Subacetas, 18. 
 
 Cupri Sulphas, 18; 1,2; &2,5. 
 Cuprum Ammoniatum, 2, 5. 
 Curcas Purgaus, 9, 1. 
 Curcuma, 2, 4. 
 
 Cusparia, 2, 3. 
 
 Cusso, 23. 
 
 Cyanide of Potassium, 7. 
 Cycas Circinalis, 19 
 Cydonia Vulgaris, 19. 
 Cydonium, 19. 
 
 Cynara Scolymus, 10. 
 
 Cytisus Scoparius, 10. 
 
 Daphne Gnidium, 16. 
 
 Daphne Mezereum, 16. 
 
 Datura Stramonium, 5. 
 
 Dauci Radix, 10. 
 
 Delphinium Consolida, 10. 
 Delphinium Staphisagria, 8. 
 Dewberry Root, 1, 1. 
 
 Dextrin, or Dextrina, 19. 
 Digitalinum, 7. 
 
 Digitalis, 7 and 10. 
 
 Dill Seed, 2, 4. 
 
 Diospyros, 1,1. 
 
 Dirca Palustris, 16 
 Dittany (American), 11, 3. 
 Dock, Yellow, 2, 2. 
 
 Dogwood, 2, 3. 
 
 Dorema Ammoniacum, 12. 
 Dorstenia 'Con tray erva, 11, 3. 
 Dracontium, 4. 
 
 Dragon-Root, 12. 
 
 Dried Carbonate of Soda, 22. 
 Drimys Winteri, 2, 4. 
 Dulcamara, 5. 
 
 Dyer’s Saffron, 11, 3. 
 Elaterium, 9, 1. 
 
 Elder, 9, 1; and 11, 3. 
 Elecampane, 2, 2. 
 
 Elemi, 17. 
 
 Elettaria Cardamomum, 2, 4. 
 Elixir of Vitriol, 1, 2. 
 
 Elm Bark, 19. 
 
 Emplastrum Picis cum Can- 
 tharide, 16. 
 
 Epsom Salts, 9, 2. 
 
 Ergot, 25. 
 
 Ergota, 25. 
 
 Erigeron, 10; and 1, 1. 
 Erigeron Canadense, 10; &1,1. 
 Erigeron Ileterophyllum, 10; 
 and 1, 1. 
 
 Eryngium Aquaticum, 11. 
 Erythrtea Centaurium, 2, 1. 
 Erytlironiuin Americanum, 8. 
 Ether (iEther), 5 and 24. 
 Eugenia Caryophyllata, 2, 4. 
 Euouymus Atropurpureus,9, 1. 
 Eupatorium, 2, 3. 
 
 Euphorbia Corollata, 8. 
 Euphorbia Ipecacuanha, 8. 
 Eupliorbium, 16. 
 
 Exogonium Purga, 9, 1. 
 Extract of Butternut, 9, 1. 
 Extractum Cannabis, 5. 
 Extractum Cannabis Tndicai, 5. 
 Extractum Glycyrrhizae, 19. 
 Extractum Juglandis, 9, 1. 
 Faba Sancti Ignatii, 25. 
 
 656 
 
 False Sunflower, 15. 
 
 Female Fern, 23. 
 
 Fennel-Seed, 2, 4. 
 
 Fern Root, 23. 
 
 Ferri Ammonio-citras, 2, 5. 
 Ferri Arsenias, 21. 
 
 Ferri Bromidum, 21. 
 
 Ferri Carbonas Saccharata, 2, 5. 
 Ferri Carburetum, 21. 
 
 Ferri Chloridum, 13. 
 
 Ferri Citras, 2, 5. 
 
 Ferri et Ammonia? Citras, 2, 5. 
 Ferri et Ammonia 1 Tartras, 2, 5. 
 Ferri et Potassa? Tartras, 2, 5. 
 Ferri et Quinia? Citras, 2, 5. 
 Ferri Ferrocyanidum, 2, 5. 
 Ferri Iodidum, 2, 5 and 13. 
 Ferri Lactas, 2, 5. 
 
 Ferri Oxidum Hydra turn, 22. 
 Ferri Oxidum Magneticum,2, 5. 
 Ferri Perchloridi Liquor, 2, 5. 
 Ferri Pernitratis Liquor, 2, 5. 
 Ferri Peroxidum, 2, 5. 
 
 Ferri Peroxidum Hydratum,22 
 Ferri Pliosphas, 2, 5. 
 
 Ferri Ramenta, 2, 5. 
 
 Ferri Rubigo, 2, 5. 
 
 Ferri Subcarbonas, 2, 5. 
 
 Ferri Sulphas, 1, 2 and 24. 
 Ferri Sulphas Granulata, 2, 5. 
 Ferrocyanide of Potassium, 6. 
 Ferrocyanuret of li on, 2, 5. 
 Ferrum Ammoniatum, 2, 5. 
 Femim Redact um, 2, 5. 
 Ferrum Tartaratum, 2, 5. 
 Ferula Assafoetida, 4. 
 Fever-Root, 9, 1. 
 
 Ficus, 9, 1. 
 
 Fig, 9, 1. 
 
 Filix, 23. 
 
 Filix Mas, 23. 
 
 Flaxseed, 19. 
 
 Flaxseed Oil, 20. 
 
 Fleabaue, 10. 
 
 Florentine Orris, 9, 1. 
 Foenieulum, 2, 4. 
 
 Foxglove, 7 and 10. 
 
 Frasera, 2, 1. 
 
 Fraxinus Ornus, 9, 1. 
 Frostwort, 1, 1. 
 
 Fucus Yesiculosus, 21. 
 
 Fused Nitrate of Silver, 10. 
 
 G ALBAN um, 12. 
 
 Galipea Officinalis, 2, 3. 
 
 Gal la, 1, 1. 
 
 Gallic Acid, 1, 1. 
 
 Galls, 1, 1. 
 
 Gamboge, 9, 1. 
 
 Gambogia, 9, 1. 
 
 Garden Artichoke, 10. 
 
 Garden Carrot, 10. 
 
 Garlic, 12 and 4. 
 
 Gaultheria, 2, 4. 
 
 Geneva, 10. 
 
 Gentian, 2, 1. 
 
 Gentiana, 2, 1. 
 
 Gentiana Catesbaei, 2, 1. 
 Geranium, 1, 1. 
 
 German Chamomile, 2, 2. 
 Geum, 1, 1. 
 
 Gin, 10. 
 
 Ginger, 2, 4. 
 
 Ginseng, 2, 4. 
 
 Glacial Acetic Acid, 16. 
 Glauber’s Salts, 9, 2. 
 
 Glycerin, 19. 
 
 Glycerina, 19. 
 
 Glycerinum, 19. 
 
 Glycyrrhiza, 19. 
 
 Golden Rod, 2, 4. 
 
 Goldthread, 2, 1. 
 
 Gossypii Radix, 13. 
 
 Gossypium Herbaceum, 13. 
 Granati Frnctus Cortex, 1, L 
 Granati Radicis Cortex, 23. 
 Granati Radix, 23. 
 
 Green Iodide of Mercury, 21. 
 Guaiac, 11, 3. 
 
 Guaiaci Lignum, 11, 3. 
 
 Guaiaci Resina, 11, 3. 
 Guaiac.um Officinale, 11, 3. 
 Gum Arabic, 19. 
 II.EMAT0XYL0X, 1, 1. 
 
 Hardback, 1, 1. 
 
 Iledeoma, 2, 4. 
 
 Ilelenium Autumnale, 15. 
 Helianthemum, 1, 1. 
 Helleborus, 9, 1. 
 
 Helleborus Foetidus, 23; & 9, 1. 
 Helleborus Niger, 9, 1. 
 Ilemidesmus, 2, 2; and 21. 
 Hemlock, 5. 
 
 Hemlock Pitch, 17. 
 
 Hopatica, 2, 2. 
 
 Ileracleum Lanatum, 2, 2. 
 Heuchera, 1, 1. 
 
 Hoffmann's Anodyne (Spiritus 
 iEtlieris Compositus), 4. 
 Honey, 9, 1. 
 
 Hops, 2, 2 ; and 5. 
 
 Ilordeum, 19. 
 
 Ilorehound, 2, 2. 
 Horsechesnut, 2, 3. 
 
 Ilorsemint, 2, 4. 
 
 Horseradish, 10. 
 
 Hum ulus, 2, 2; and 5. 
 Hydrargyri Bromidum, 21. 
 Hydrargyri Chloridum Corro- 
 sivuin, 18 and 21. 
 
 Ilydrarg. Chlorid. Mite, 21 & 9. 
 Ilydrarg. Iodidum Rubrum,21. 
 Hydrargyri Iodidum Viride, 21. 
 Hydrargyri Nitras. 21. 
 
 Hydrar Oxid. Nigrum, 14 & 22. 
 llydrar. Pernitratis Liquor, 18. 
 Ilydrarg. Sulphas Flava, 21 & 8. 
 Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Ni- 
 grum, 21. 
 
 Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Ru- 
 brum, 14 and 21. 
 Hydrargyrum, 22. 
 Hydrargyrum Corrosivum 
 Suhlinnvtum, 18. 
 Hydrargyrum cum Creta, 21. 
 
 1 lydrated Oxide of lrou, 22. 
 Hydriodic Acid, 21. 
 
 Ilydriodic Ether, 21. 
 
 I lydrosulphuret of Ammonia,^ 
 Ilyoscyami Folimn, 5. 
 Ilyoscyami Semen, 5. 
 Hyoscvamus, 5. 
 
 Iceland Moss, 19. 
 
 Ignatia, 25. 
 
 Indian Hemp, 5: also, 10. 
 Indian Sarsaparilla, 2, 2; & 2L 
 Indian Tobacco, 8. 
 
 Indian Turnip, 12. 
 
 Inula, 2, 2. 
 
 Iodide of Ammonium, 2L 
 Iodide of Arsemc, 21. 
 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDIC*. 
 
 Iodide of Cadmium, 21. 
 
 Iodide of Iron, 2, 5; and 13. 
 Iodide of Sulphur, 21. 
 
 Iodide of Zinc, 21. 
 
 Iodine, 21. 
 lodinium, 21. 
 
 Iodum, 21. 
 
 Ipecacuanha, 8. 
 
 Ipomsea Jalapa, 9, 1. 
 
 Iris Florentina, 9, 1. 
 
 Iris Versicolor, 9, 1. 
 
 Irish Moss, 19. 
 
 Iron Filings, 2, 5. 
 
 Jalapa, 9, 1. 
 
 Jalapa* Resina, 9, 1. 
 
 Janipha Man i hot, 19. 
 
 Jatropha Manihot, 19. 
 Jatropha Purgans, 9, 1. 
 Juglans, 9, 1. 
 
 Juglans Cinerea, 9, 1. 
 
 J uniperus, 10. 
 
 Juniperus Sabina, 13. 
 Juniperus Virginiana, 13. 
 Kameela, or Kamela, 23. 
 
 Kino, 1, 1. 
 
 Koosso, or Kousso, 23. 
 Krameria, 1, 1. 
 
 Labarraque’s Disinfecting 
 Liquid, 24. 
 
 Lactate of Iron, 2, 5. 
 
 Lactuca Sativa, 5. 
 
 Lactuca Virosa, 5. 
 Lactucarium, 5. 
 
 Lappa, 9, 1. 
 
 Larkspur, 10. 
 
 Laurocerasus, 4. 
 
 Laurus Camphora, 5. 
 Lavandula, 2, 4. 
 
 Lavandula Spica, 2, 4. 
 Lavandula Vera, 2, 4. 
 Lavender, 2, 4. 
 
 Leather-Wood, 16. 
 
 Ledoyen’s Disinfecting Fluid, 
 24. 
 
 Leontodon Taraxacum, 10. 
 Leptandra, 9, 1. 
 
 Leptandrin, 9, 1. 
 
 Lichen Islandicus, 19. 
 
 Lily of the Valley, 15. 
 
 Lime, 18. 
 
 Lime Liniment, 20. 
 Lime-Water, 1, 2; and 22. 
 Limonis Cortex, 2, 4. 
 
 Li monis Succus, 6. 
 
 Lini Farina, 20. 
 
 Lini Semen, 19. 
 
 Liniment of Ammonia, 17. 
 Liniment of Spanish Flies, 16. 
 Linimentum Ammonia}, 17. 
 Linimeiitum Calcis, 20. 
 Linimentum Cantharidis, 16. 
 Linseed Meal, 20. 
 
 Linuin, 19. 
 
 Lin um Catharticum, 9, 1. 
 Liquor Ammonia}, 22. 
 
 Liq. Ammonia} Acetatis, 11, 2. 
 Liq. Ammoniae Citratis, 11. 2. 
 Liquor Arsenici Chloridi, 21. 
 Liquor Arsenici et Ilydrar- 
 gyri Iodidi, 21. 
 
 Liquor Barii Chloridi, 23. 
 Liquor Calcii Chloridi, 10. 
 Liquor Calcis, 1, 2; and 22. 
 Liq. Ferri Nitratis, 2, 5; & 1, 2. 
 Liquor Magnesia} Citratis, 9, 2. 
 • 56 
 
 Liq. Pluinbi Subacetatis, 1, 2. 
 Liquor Potassa}, 22. 
 
 Liquor Potassa} Arsenitis, 21. 
 Liquor Potassa} Citratis, 11, 2. 
 Liquor Sodie, 18 and 22. 
 Licpior Soda* Chloratae, 24. 
 Liquor Soda} Chlorinata}, 24. 
 Liquorice, 19. 
 
 Liquorice-Root, 19. 
 Liriodendron, 2, 2. 
 
 Litharge, 1, 2. 
 
 Lithargyrum, 1, 2. 
 
 Li thin? Carbonas, 22. 
 Liverwort, 1, 1. 
 
 Lobelia, 8. 
 
 Logwood, 1, 1. 
 
 Long Pepper, 2, 4. 
 
 Loose-strife, 1.9. 
 
 Lunar Caustic, 18 and 16. 
 Lupulin, 2, 2. 
 
 Lupulina, 2, 2. 
 
 Lupulus, 2, 2. 
 
 Lycopodium, 10. 
 
 Lycopus, 1, 1. 
 
 Lythrum Salicaria?, 19. 
 
 Macis, 2, 4. 
 
 Madar, 11, 3. 
 
 Magistery of Bismuth, 2, 5. 
 Magnesia, 9, 2; and 22. 
 Magnesia) Acetas, 9, 2. 
 Magnesia) Carbonas, 9, 2. 
 Magnesia) Chloridum, 9, 2. 
 Magnetic Oxide of Iron, 2, 5. 
 Magnolia, 2, 3. 
 
 Mahogany Tree, 2, 3. 
 
 Male Fern, 23. 
 
 Mallow, 20. 
 
 Malva Sylvestris, 19. 
 Manganesii Oxidum, 2, 5. 
 Manganesii Oxid. Nigrum, 21. 
 Manganesii Sulphas, 9, 2. 
 Manna, 9, 1. 
 
 Maranta, 19. 
 
 Marjoram, 2, 4. 
 
 Marrubium, 2, 2. 
 Marshmallow, 19. 
 
 Marsh Rosemary, 1, 1. 
 
 Marsh Trefoil, 2, 2. 
 Masterwort, 2, 2. 
 
 Mastic, 10. 
 
 Mastiche, 10. 
 
 Matica, 2, 4. 
 
 Matico, 2, 4. 
 
 Matricaria, 2, 2 ; and 23. 
 Mav-Apple, 9, 1. 
 
 May- Weed, 2, 2. 
 
 Meadow Anemone, 21. 
 
 Mel, 9, 1. 
 
 Melia Azedarach, 9, 1. 
 
 Melissa, 2, 4. 
 
 Mentha Piperita, 2, 4. 
 
 Mentha Pulegium, 2, 4. 
 Mentha Viridis, 2, 4. 
 Menyanthes Trifoliata, 2, 2. 
 Mercury with Chalk, 21. 
 Mezereou, 16. 
 
 Mezereum, 16. 
 
 Mild Chloride of Mercury, 21. 
 Milfoil, 13. 
 
 Milkweed, 8. 
 
 Molasses, 9, 1. 
 
 Momordiea Elaterium, 9, 1. 
 Monarda Punctata, 2, 4. 
 Monesia, 21. 
 
 Mori Succus, 6. 
 
 Morphia, 5. 
 
 Morphne Acetas, 5. 
 
 Morphine Ilydrochloras, 5. 
 Morphia) Murias, 5. 
 
 Morphine Sulphas, 5. 
 
 Moschus, 4. 
 
 Mucuna, 23. 
 
 Mudar, 11, 3. 
 
 Mulberry- Juice, 6. 
 
 Mustard, 17 and 8. 
 
 Myristica, 2, 4. 
 
 Myrospermum Peruiferum, 12 
 Myrospermum Toluiferum. 12 
 Myrrh, 2, 2. 
 
 Myrrha, 2, 2. 
 
 Myrtus Pimenta, 2, 4. 
 Naphthalin, 12. 
 
 Narthex Assaftetida, 12. 
 Nectandra Rodiei, 2, 3. 
 
 N epeta Cataria, 2, 4. 
 
 Nieotiana Tabacmn, 7 and 5. 
 Nitrate of Lead, 24. 
 
 Nitrate of Mercury, 21. 
 Nitrate of Potassa, 6. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, 18. 
 
 Nitre, 6. 
 
 Nitric Acid, 2, 5; and 24. 
 Nitro-muriatic Acid, 2, 5; 21 
 and 24. 
 
 Nux Vomica, 25. 
 
 Oatmeal, 19. 
 
 Oil of Almonds, 7. 
 
 Oil of Cajuput, 11, 3. 
 
 Oil of Camphor, 4. 
 
 Oil of Copaiba, 10. 
 
 Oil of Rosemary, 17. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine, 3 and 10. 
 Oil of Vitriol, 2, 5. 
 
 Oils (fixed), 20. 
 
 Ointment of Mercury, 21. 
 Ointment of Rose-Water, 20. 
 Ointment of Spanish Flies, 16. 
 Olea Fixa (Fixed Oils), 20. 
 Oleum Amygdalae Amaras, 7. 
 Oleum Amygdala) Dulcis, 19. 
 Oleum Anetlii, 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum A nisi, 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Antliemidis, 2, 2. 
 Oleum Bergamii, 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Cajuputi, 11, 3. 
 
 Oleum Caniphorae, 4. 
 
 Oleum Carui, 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Caryopliylli, 2, 4. 
 Oleum Cinnamcmi, 2, 4. 
 Oleum Copaiba), 10. 
 
 Oleum Coriandri, 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Crotonis, 9, 1. 
 
 Oleum Cubeba), 10. 
 
 Oleum Juniperi, 10. 
 
 Oleum Lavandula), 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Lini, 20. 
 
 Oleum Mentha) Piperita?, 2, 4 
 Oleum Mentha? Viridis, 2, 4. 
 Oleum Monardne, 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Morrhiue, 2, 2. 
 
 Oleum Myristica), 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Oliva?, 9, 1. 
 
 Oleum Pimenta?, 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Ricini, 9, 1. 
 
 Oleum Rosa?, 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Rosmarini, 17. 
 
 Oleum Rutae, 4. 
 
 Oleum Sabinne, 13. 
 
 Oleum Sesami, 9, 1 ; and 20. 
 Oleum Succini, 4. 
 
 657 
 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA, 
 
 Oleum Terebinthina?, 10. 
 Oleum Thymi, 2, 4. 
 
 Oleum Tiglii, 9, 1. 
 
 Olive Oil, 20; and 9, 1. 
 
 Onion, 12. 
 
 Opium, 5. 
 
 Orange Peel, 2, 4. 
 
 Origanum Vulgare, 2, 4. 
 Oxide of Antimony, 8. 
 
 Oxide of Manganese, 2, 5. 
 Oxide of Zinc, 2, 5. 
 
 PAXAX QuiNCiUEFOLIUM, 2, 4. 
 Papaver, 5. 
 
 Pareira, 10. 
 
 Parietaria Officinalis, 10. 
 Parsley Root, 10. 
 Partridge-Berry, 2, 4. 
 Pellitory, 13. 
 
 Pennyroyal, 2, 4. 
 
 Pennyroyal, European, 2, 4. 
 Pepo, 23. 
 
 Permanganate of Potash, 18. 
 Peroxide of Iron, 2, 5. 
 Persimmon, 1, 1. 
 
 Petroleum, 4. 
 
 Petroselinum, 10. 
 
 Phenic Acid, 24. 
 
 Phosphate of Iron, 2, 5. 
 Phosphate of Soda, 9, 2. 
 Phosphorus, 3. 
 
 Phytolacca, 8. 
 
 Phytolacca; Baccae, 8. 
 Phytolacca; Radix, 8. 
 
 Pilula; Hydrargyri, 21. 
 Pimenta, 2, 4. 
 
 Pimento, 2, 4. 
 
 Pimpinella Anisum, 2, 4. 
 
 Pink Root, 23. 
 
 Pinus Abies, 17. 
 
 Pinus Canadensis, 17. 
 
 Pinus Palustris, 10. 
 
 Piper, 2, 4. 
 
 Piper Cubeba, 2, 4; and 10. 
 Piper Longum, 2, 4. 
 Pipsissewa, 10. 
 
 Piscidia Erythrina, 5. 
 
 Pistacia Lentiscus, 10. 
 
 Pix Burgundica, 17. 
 
 Pix Canadensis, 17. 
 
 Pix Liquida, 17. 
 
 Pleurisy Root, 11. 
 
 Plumbago, 21. 
 
 Plumbi Acetas, 1, 2. 
 
 Plumbi Bichromas, 8. 
 
 Plumbi Carbonas, 1, 2. 
 
 Plumbi Nitras, 24. 
 
 Plumbi Oxidum Semivitreum 
 or Rubrum, 1, 2. 
 
 Plumbi Subacetatis Liquor, 
 1 , 2 . 
 
 Podophyllin, 9, 1. 
 Podophyllum, 9, 1. 
 
 Poison Oak, 5. 
 
 Poison Sumach, 5. 
 
 Poke Berries, 8. 
 
 Poke Root, 8. 
 
 Polygala Senega, 12. 
 Polygonum Bistorta, 1, 1. 
 
 Port Wine, 5; and 1, 1. 
 Potassa, 18. 
 
 Potassa Caustica, 18. 
 
 Potass* Acetas, 10. 
 
 Potassae Bicarbonas, 22. 
 Potassa; Bichromas, 8. 
 
 Potassae Bisulphas, 2, 5. 
 
 658 
 
 Potassa; Bitartras, 6; and 9, 2. 
 Potassa; Carbonas, 22. 
 
 Potassae Chloras, 6. 
 
 Potassa; Citras, 6 and 11. 
 Potassa; Hydras, 18. 
 
 Potassa; Nitras, 6. 
 
 Potassa; Permanganas, 18. 
 Potassa; Sulphas, 9, 2. 
 
 Potassa 1 Tartras, 6. 
 
 Potas. Tartras Acida, 6‘ & 9, 2. 
 Potassii Broniiduin, 21. 
 Potassii Cyanidurn, 7. 
 
 Potassii Cvanuretum, 7. 
 Potassii Ferrocyauidum, 6. 
 Potato Flies, 16. 
 
 Potentilla Tormentilla, 1, 1. 
 Powder of Tin, 23. 
 Precipitated Carbonate of 
 Iron, 2. 5. 
 
 Precipitated Carbonate of 
 Zinc, 2, 5. 
 
 Precipitated Sulphuret of An- 
 timony, 11. 
 
 Prepared Chalk, 22. 
 
 Prepared Oyster-Sliell, 22. 
 Prepared Storax, 12. 
 
 Prickly Ash, 11, 3. 
 
 Pride of China, or Pride of 
 India, 9, 1. 
 
 Prinos, 1, 1. 
 
 Protocarbonate of Iron, 2, 5. 
 Prune, 9, 1. 
 
 Prunum, 9, 1. 
 
 Primus Domesticus, 9, 1. 
 Primus Laurocerasus, 4. 
 Prunus Virginiana, 2, 2. 
 Prussic Acid, 7. 
 
 Pterocarpus Marsupium, 1, 1. 
 Pulvis Antimonialis, 11. 
 Purple Angelica, 2, 4. 
 Pyrethrum, 14. 
 
 Pyroxylic Spirit, 5. 
 
 Quassia, 2, 1. 
 
 Queen’s Root, 8. 
 
 Quercus, 1, 1, and 2, 3. 
 
 Quercus Alba, 1, 1, and 2, 3. 
 Quercus Infeetoria, 1, 1. 
 Quercus Tinctoria, 1, 1. 
 
 Quince Seed, 19. 
 
 Quinia; Sulphas, 2, 3. 
 Ranunculus, 16. 
 
 Red Cedar, 13. 
 
 Red Iodide of Mercury, 21. 
 Red Oxide of Mercury, 18. 
 
 Red Precipitate, 18. 
 
 Red Rose, 1, 1. 
 
 Red Sulphuret of Mercury, 14 
 and 21. 
 
 Reduced Iron, 2, 5. 
 
 Resina Jalapa?, 9, 1. 
 
 Resina Podophylli, 9, 1. 
 
 Resina Scammonii, 9, 1. 
 Rhamnus Catharticus, 9, 1. 
 Rhatany, 1, 1. 
 
 Rheum, 9, 1. 
 
 Rhceas, 5. 
 
 Rhubarb, 9, 1. 
 
 Rhus Glabrum, 1, 1. 
 
 Rhus Toxicodendron, 5. 
 Ricinus Communis, 9, 1. 
 
 Rind of Pomegranate, 1, 1. 
 Rock Oil, 4. 
 
 Rock Rose, 1, 1. 
 
 Rosa Gallica, 1, 1. 
 
 Rosemary, 2, 4. 
 
 Rosmarinus, 2, 4. 
 
 Rot tl era, 23. 
 
 Rottlera Tinctoria, 23. 
 Round-leaved Dogwood, 2, 3. 
 Rubus, 1, 1. 
 
 Rue, 4. 
 
 Rum ex Crispus, 2, 2. 
 
 Rumex Obtusifolins, 1, 1. 
 
 Rust of Iron, 2, 5. 
 
 Ruta, 4. 
 
 Ruta Graveolens, 4. 
 
 Sabadilla, 9, 1. 
 
 Sabbatia, 2, 1. 
 
 Sabina, 13. 
 
 Saccharated Carbonate of 
 Iron, 2, 5. 
 
 Saccharum, 19. 
 
 Sagapenum, 4. 
 
 Sage, 2, 2. 
 
 Sago, 19. 
 
 Saguerus Rumphii, 19. 
 
 Sagus Rumphii, 19. 
 
 Salix, 1, 1. 
 
 Salt (Common), 2, 3; and 2, 5. 
 Saltpetre, 6. 
 
 Salvia, 2, 2. 
 
 Sambucus, 11, 3. 
 
 Sanguinaria, 8. 
 
 Santonica, 23. 
 
 Santoninum, 23. 
 
 Sapo, 22. 
 
 Saponaria Officinalis, 21. 
 
 Sarsa, 21. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, 21. 
 
 Sassafras Medulla, 19. 
 
 Savinc, 13. 
 
 Scanunoniae Radix, 9, 1. 
 Scammonia; Resina, 9, 1. 
 Scammonium, 9, 1. 
 
 Scammonj', 9, 1. 
 
 Scilla, 12 and 8. 
 
 Scoparius, 10. 
 
 Scurvy Grass, 10. 
 
 Scutellaria, 2, 2. 
 
 Sea-Wrack, 21. 
 
 Secale Cereale, 25. 
 
 Senega, 12. 
 
 Seneka, 12. 
 
 Senna, 9, 1. 
 
 Senna Alexandria, 9, 1. 
 Senna Indica, 9, 1. 
 
 Serpen taria, 2, 3. 
 
 Serpentary, 2, 3. 
 
 Sesami Folium, 19. 
 
 Sevum, 20. 
 
 Sevum Praeparatum, 20. 
 Simaruba Amara, 2, 1. 
 Simaruba Excelsa, 2, 1. 
 
 Simple Cerate, 20. 
 
 Simple Ointment, 20. 
 
 Sinapis, 17 and 8. 
 
 Sinapis Alba, 17 and 8. 
 
 Sinapis Nigra, 17 and 8. 
 Slippery Elm Bark, 19. 
 
 Smilax Aspera, 21. 
 
 Smilax Officinalis, 21. 
 
 Smilax Syphilitica, 21. 
 Snakeroot, Virginia, 2, 3. 
 Sneezewort, 15. 
 
 Snuff, 15. 
 
 Soap, 22. 
 
 Soap Cerate, 20. 
 
 Soapwort, 21. 
 
 Soda Caustica, 18. 
 
 Sod* Acetas, 10. 
 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Soda} Bicarbonas, 22. 
 
 Soda; Boras, 6 and 10 and 25. 
 Soda? Carbonas, 22. 
 
 Soda? Carbonas Exsiccata, 22. 
 Sodai Cliloratae Liquor, 24. 
 Soda} Citras, 9, 2. 
 
 Soda} et Potassa} Tartras, 9, 2. 
 Soda' Phosphas, 9, 2. 
 
 Soda} Sulphas, 9, 2. 
 
 Soda* Tartras, 9, 2. 
 
 Sodii Chl6ridum, 2, 3; & 2, 5. 
 Solidago, 2, 4. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Ammo- 
 nia, 11, 2. 
 
 Solution of Ammonia, 22. 
 Solution of Arsenite' of Po- 
 tassa, 21. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Ba- 
 rium, 23. 
 
 Solution of Chloride of Cal- 
 cium, 10. 
 
 Solution of Chlorinated Soda, 
 24. 
 
 Solution of Chlorine, 24. 
 Solution of Citrate of Ammo- 
 nia, 11, 2. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Magne- 
 sia, 9, 2. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Potassa, 
 
 11 , 2 . 
 
 Solution of Iodide of Arsenic 
 and Mercury, 21. 
 
 Solution of Nitrate of Iron, 
 2, 5; and 1, 2. 
 
 Solution of Pernitratc of Mer- 
 cury, 18. 
 
 Solution of Potassa, 22. 
 Solution of Subacetate of 
 Lead, 1, 2. 
 
 Spanish Broom, 10. 
 
 Spanish Flies, 16. 
 
 Spartium Junceum, 10. 
 Spearmint, 2, 4. 
 
 Spermaceti, 19. 
 
 Spigelia, 23. 
 
 Spiraea, 1, l. 
 
 Spirit of Ammonia, 3. 
 
 Spirit of Mindererus, 11, 2. 
 Spirit of Nitric Ether, 4; and 
 11 , 2 . 
 
 Spiritus JEtheris Compositus, 
 4 and 5. 
 
 Spiritus iEtlieris Nitrosi, 4; 
 and 11, 2. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia}, 3. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia} Aromati- 
 ous, 4. 
 
 Spiritus Frumenti, 5. 
 
 Spiritus Mindereri, 11, 2. 
 Spiritus Pyroxylicus Rectifi- 
 catus, 5. 
 
 Spiritus Rectificatus, 5. 
 Spiritus Vini Gallici, 5. 
 
 Squill, 12 and 8. 
 
 Stanni Pulvis, 23. 
 
 Star Grass, 2, 1. 
 
 Starch, 19. 
 
 Statice, 1, 1. 
 
 Stillingia, 8 and 21. 
 
 Stillingia Sylvatica, 8. 
 
 Storax, 12. 
 
 Stramonii Folia, 5. 
 
 Stramonii Folium, 5. 
 
 Stramonii Radix, 5. 
 
 Stramonii Semen, 5. 
 
 Stramonium, 5. 
 
 Strong Solution of Ammonia, 
 17. 
 
 Stronger Water of Ammonia, 
 17. 
 
 Strychnia, 25. 
 
 Strychnos Nux Vomica, 25. 
 Styrax, 12. 
 
 Styrax Benzoin, 12. 
 
 Styrax Pneparatus, 12. 
 Subacetate of Copper, 18. 
 Subcarbonate of Iron, 2, 5. 
 Sublimed Sulphur, 9, 2. 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth, 2, 5. 
 Sugar, 19. 
 
 Sugar of Lead, 1, 2. 
 
 Sulphate of Alumina, 24. 
 Sulphate of Beberia, 2, 2. 
 Sulphate of Copper, 18. 
 Sulphate of Iron, 1, 2. 
 Sulphate of Magnesia, 9, 2. 
 Sulphate of Manganese, 9, 2. 
 Sulphate of Potassa, 9, 2. 
 Sulphate of Quinia, 2, 2. 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 8. 
 
 Sulphite of Lime, 24. 
 
 Sulphur, 9, 2; and 10. 
 
 Sulphur Lotum, 9, 2. 
 
 Sulphur Sublimatum, 9, 2. 
 Sulphurot of Antimony, 6. 
 Sulphuret of Carbon, il, 3. 
 Sulphuric Acid, 2, 5. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether, 5 and 24. 
 Sulphuris Iodidum, 21. 
 Sumach, 1, 1. 
 
 Swamp Dogwood, 2, 3. 
 
 Sweet Almond, 19. 
 
 Sweet Flag, 2, 4. 
 
 Swietenia Febrifuga, 2, 3. 
 Symphytum Officinale, 19. 
 Syrupus Fuscns, 9, 1. 
 
 Tabacum, 7 and 5. 
 
 Tamarind, 6. 
 
 Tamarind us, 6. 
 
 Tanacetum, 23. 
 
 Tannic Acid, !, 1. 
 
 Tansy, 23. 
 
 Tapioca, 19. 
 
 Tar, 10. 
 
 Taraxacum, 10. 
 
 Tartar Emetic, 8. 
 
 Tartarated Iron, 2, 5. 
 
 Tartaric Acid, 6. 
 
 Tartari/.ed or Tartarated Anti- 
 mony, 8. 
 
 Tartrate of Antimony and Po- 
 tassa, 8. 
 
 Tartrate of Iron and Ammo- 
 nia, 2, 5. 
 
 Tartrate of Potassa, 9, 2. 
 Tartrate of Potassa and Soda, 
 9, 2. 
 
 Tartrate of Soda, 9, 2. 
 Terebinthina, 10. 
 
 Testa Ovi, 22. 
 
 Testa Pra}parata, 22. 
 
 Tliea Nigra, 4. 
 
 Thea Viridis, 4. 
 
 Theriaca, 9, 1. 
 
 Thoroughwort, 2, 3. 
 
 Tobacco. 7 and 5. 
 
 Tormentil, 1, 1. 
 
 Tormentilla, 1, 1. 
 Toxicodendron, 5. 
 
 Tragacanth, 19. 
 
 Tragacantha, 19. 
 
 Triosteum, 9, 1. 
 
 Tulip-tree Bark, 2, 2. 
 
 Turkey Corn, or Turkey Pea, 
 10 . 
 
 Turmeric, 2, 4. 
 
 Turpentine, 10. 
 
 Turpentine, Oil or Spirits ofj 
 3 and 10. 
 
 Turpeth Mineral, 21 and 8. 
 Ulmus, 19. 
 
 Ulinus Fulva, 19. 
 
 Unguentum Adipis, 20. 
 Unguentum Aqua; Rosa;, 20. 
 Unguentum Cantharidis, 16. 
 Unguentum Uvdrargyri, 21. 
 Unguentum Simplex, 20. 
 Urginea Scilla, 12. 
 
 Uva Ursi, 1, 1. 
 
 Valerian, 4. 
 
 Valeriana, 4. 
 
 Valerianate of Zinc, 4. 
 Vanilla, 2, 4. 
 
 Veratria, 8 and 15. 
 
 Veratrum Album, 8. 
 
 Veratrum Sabadilla, 9, 1. 
 Veratrum Viride, 8. 
 
 Verdigris, 18. 
 
 Vernonia Anthelmintica, 23. 
 Vinegar of Spanish Flies, 16. 
 Vinegar of Squill, 9, 1. 
 Vinum, 4. 
 
 Vinum Antimoniale, 8. 
 
 Vinum Antimonii, 8 ; and 11, 1. 
 Vinum Rubrum or Portcnse, 
 1, 1 ; and 5. 
 
 Vinum Xericum, 5. 
 
 Viola, 19. 
 
 Violet, 19. 
 
 Virginia Snakeroot, 2, 3. 
 Virgin’s Bower, 10. 
 
 Vitriolated Tartar, 9, 2. 
 Wahoo, 9, 1. 
 
 Wall Pellitory, 10. 
 
 Water Avens, 1, 1. 
 
 Water Eryngo, 11, 1. 
 
 White Hellebore, 8. 
 
 White Oak Bark, 1, 1. 
 
 White Oxide of Arsenic, 21. 
 Wild Cherry Bark, 2, 2. 
 
 Wild Ginger, 2, 4. 
 
 Wild Ipecac, 9, 1. 
 
 Wild Potato, 9, 1. 
 
 Willow, 2, 3. 
 
 Wine, 5. 
 
 Wintera, 2, 4. 
 
 Wintergreen, 10. 
 
 Winter’s Bark, 2, 4. 
 
 Woody Nightshade, 5. 
 Wormseed, 23. 
 
 Wormwood, 2, 2. 
 Xanthorrhiza, 2, 1. 
 Xanthoxylum, 11, 3. 
 
 Yarrow, 13. 
 
 Yellow Dock, 2, 2. 
 
 Yellow Root, 2, 1. 
 
 Yellow Sulphate of Mercury 
 21 and 8. 
 
 Zinci Acetas, 1, 2. 
 
 Zinci Carbonas, 2, 5. 
 
 Zinci Chloridum, 18. 
 
 Zinci Iodidum, 21. 
 
 Zinci Sulphas, 8. 
 
 Zinci Valerianas, 4. 
 
 Zingiber, 2, 4. 
 
 659 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC 
 
 It is not the design of the following pages to present a general view or synopsis, 
 however brief, of the elements of Latin grammar; but simply to make such ex- 
 planations as seem necessary in order that the medical student who is unacquainted 
 with Latin may be enabled to acquire a tolerable understanding of the phrases 
 and sentences which he is constantly meeting with in works on Anatomy, Phar- 
 macy, etc. Thus, in the following examples, Extensor digitorum communis, Orbicu- 
 laris palpebrarum, Orbicularis ocidi, Collodium cum cantharide, Emplastrum ammo- 
 niaci cum bydrargyro , Hydrargyrum cum creta, Pilulse aloes et mastiches , Pilulse 
 aloes et myrrb.se, Pilulse ferri compositse , Alnus nigra, Helleborus niger , etc. etc., the 
 mere English scholar has presented to his mind phrases each of which must 
 appear to him like some long, unintelligible word; and the more he examines or 
 compares such as seem to resemble each other, the more embarrassed and perplexed 
 he must of necessity become. 
 
 Now, it is believed that, by a few comparatively simple explanations, the 
 student will not only be enabled to remember such phrases more easily, because he 
 will understand their construction, — and if he has occasion to write them will 
 know how to write them correctly, — but he will be able to apply the same princi- 
 ples to hundreds of other phrases or sentences which he is liable to meet with 
 from time to time, even in the most common works relating to medicine. 
 
 The rules or principles which he will have to learn, will be found compara- 
 tively brief, as well as few in number, his chief attention being directed to exam- 
 ples, consisting for the most part of compound names or short sentences, of frequent 
 occurrence in medical works, and which, in any case, he ought to understand, if he 
 aims to become a well-informed physician. 
 
 Nouns. 
 
 I. Every Latin noun (with some unimportant exceptions) changes its termina- 
 tion (or last syllable) according to its case. There are in all six cases: those 
 most used are the nominative, genitive, and ablative. The nominative corresponds 
 as to signification, in all essential respects, to the English nominative; the 
 genitive is virtually the same as the English possessive; the ablative is the same 
 as the English objective when governed by the prepositions with, from, in, or 
 by. Next to the nominative, the genitive is of most frequent occurrence, and 
 therefore of the greatest importance. In many instances it may be rendered by 
 the English possessive, but it is generally preferable to translate it b}' the preposi- 
 tion of. Thus, we might render ba'sis cer'ebri, the “brain’s base;” hu'mor oculi, 
 the “eye’s humor;” ar'ma viro'rum, the “men’s arms;” but it is more elegant and 
 more usual to say, the “base of [the] brain,”* the “humor of [the] eye,”* the 
 “arms of [the] men,” etc. We always say, however, “hartshorn” (i.e. hart’s horn! 
 for cor' mi cer'vi, and not “horn of the hart.” 
 
 II. Latin nouns have been arranged under different classes (or declensions; 
 
 * It should be observed that in Latin there is no article, though the usage of the English 
 language requires it in many cases to be supplied. The words supplied aro enclosed in 
 
 brackets. 
 
 660 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 according to the formation of the genitive. The first declension comprises such 
 as have the nominative in -or, the genitive in re, and the ablative in -a: as, noin- 
 ammo'nia , “ammonia;” gen. ammo’nise , “of ammonia ;” abl. ammo'nid , “with am- 
 monia;” nom. calum'ba, “columbo:” gen. calum'bre, “of columbo;” abl. calum'ba , 
 “with columbo;” nom. crc’ta, “chalk;” gen. d'etre, “of chalk;” abl. crc’td , “with 
 chalk;” nom. myr'rha, “myrrh;” gen. myr'rhse , “of myrrh,” etc. : hence the phrases 
 li'quor ammo'nire, “liquor (or solution) of ammonia;” inf u' sum calum'bre , “infusion 
 of columbo;” tinctu'ra myr'rhse , “tincture of myrrh;” hydrar’ gyrum cum cre'td, 
 “mercury with chalk,” etc. See example of the first declension given below 
 
 List of the principal Latin Nouns of the First Declension, occurring in Medical Terms and 
 
 Phrases. 
 
 Aca'cia. 
 
 Cam 'era. 
 
 Euphor'bia. 
 
 Lam'ina. 
 
 Myr'rluu 
 
 Achille'a. 
 
 Cam'phora. 
 
 Faic'ula. 
 
 Lap'pa. 
 
 Natu'ra. 
 
 Aconi'tia. 
 
 Canel'la. 
 
 Fari'na. 
 
 La van'd ul a. 
 
 Neb'll la. 
 
 Adyna'mia. 
 
 Can'na. 
 
 Fas'cia. 
 
 Lep'ra. 
 
 Nectan'dra. 
 
 Altlne'a. 
 
 Cap'sula. 
 
 Fib'ula. 
 
 Leptan'dra. 
 
 Neuralgia. 
 
 Alu'mina. 
 
 Caro'ta. 
 
 Fis'tula. 
 
 Li'bra. 
 
 Nym'pha. 
 
 Amen'tia. 
 
 Cascaril'la. 
 
 For'ma. 
 
 Lin'ea. 
 
 Odontal'gia. 
 
 Ammo'nia. 
 
 Cas'sia. 
 
 For'mula. 
 
 Lin'gua. 
 
 Offici'na. 
 
 Ampul'la. 
 
 Cata'ria. 
 
 Fos'sa. 
 
 Lith'ia. 
 
 Oli'va. 
 
 Amyg'dala. 
 
 Ce'ra. 
 
 Frase'ra. 
 
 Lobe'lia. 
 
 Oiihthal'mia. 
 
 Anasar'ca. 
 
 Cetra'ria. 
 
 Gal'la. 
 
 Lupuli'na. 
 
 Or'bita. 
 
 Anato'mia. 
 
 Char'tula. 
 
 Gambo'gia. 
 
 Lym'pha. 
 
 Pal'ma. 
 
 Angelica. 
 
 Chimaph'ila. 
 
 Gaulthe'ria. 
 
 Lyt'ta. 
 
 Papilla. 
 
 Angustu'ra. 
 
 Chiret'ta. 
 
 Gem'ma. 
 
 Mac'ula. 
 
 Parei'ra. 
 
 An'ima. 
 
 Chol'era. 
 
 Ge'na. 
 
 Magne'sia. 
 
 Patel 'la. 
 
 Anten'na. 
 
 Chor'da. 
 
 Gentia'na. 
 
 Magno'lia. 
 
 Phlegma'sia. 
 
 Aor'ta. 
 
 Chore'a. 
 
 Gille'nia. 
 
 Ma'la. 
 
 Phytolac'ca. 
 
 Aph'tha. 
 
 Cicu'ta. 
 
 Glan'dula. 
 
 Mamil'la. 
 
 Pil'ula. 
 
 Apoplex'ia. 
 
 Cimicif'uga. 
 
 Glyceri'na. 
 
 Mam'ma. 
 
 Pimen'ta. 
 
 A'qua. 
 
 Cinclio'na. 
 
 Glycyrrlii'za. 
 
 Ma'nia. 
 
 Placen'ta. 
 
 Ara'lia. 
 
 Col'ica. 
 
 Gut'ta. 
 
 Man'ua. 
 
 Plan'ta. 
 
 Ar'nica. 
 
 Coni'tia (Conei'a). 
 
 Guttaper'cha. 
 
 Maran'ta. 
 
 Pleu'ra. 
 
 Arte'ria. 
 
 Copai'ba. 
 
 Ilaunorrha'gia. 
 
 Mas'sa. 
 
 Pneumo'nia. 
 
 Assafoet'ida. 
 
 Cor'nea. 
 
 Iledeo'ma. 
 
 Mate'ria. 
 
 Pod'agra. 
 
 Atro'phia. 
 
 Coro'na. 
 
 Ilepat'ica. 
 
 Mati'ca. 
 
 Polyg'ala. 
 
 Atro'pia. 
 
 Cos'ta. 
 
 Heuclie'ra. 
 
 Matrica'ria. 
 
 Por'ta. 
 
 Au'ra. 
 
 Cot'ula. 
 
 llo'ra. 
 
 Maxil'la. 
 
 Potas'sa. 
 
 Auric'ula. 
 
 Cre'ta. 
 
 Ilydropho'bia. 
 
 Medeci'na. 
 
 Pso'ra. 
 
 Ave'na. 
 
 Cube'ba. 
 
 Hyste'ria. 
 
 Medul'la. 
 
 Quas'sia. 
 
 Axil'la. 
 
 Curcu'ina. 
 
 Iclithyocol'la. 
 
 ^Iclis'sa. 
 
 Quin'ia. 
 
 Axun'gia. 
 
 Diarrhoe'a. 
 
 Igna'tia. 
 
 Membra'na. 
 
 Ra'na. 
 
 Bac'ca. 
 
 Dracli'ma. 
 
 Iner'tia. 
 
 Men'tha. 
 
 Kesi'na. 
 
 Baril'la. 
 
 Dulcama'ra. 
 
 Intumescen'tia. 
 
 Mi'ca. 
 
 Ro'sa. 
 
 Bary'ta. 
 
 Dysente'ria. 
 
 In'ula. 
 
 Mistu'ra. 
 
 Rottle'ra. 
 
 Belladon'na. 
 
 Dyspep'sia. 
 
 Ipecacuan'lia. 
 
 Monar'da. 
 
 Rube'ola. 
 
 Braye'ra. 
 
 Dyspme'a. 
 
 J ala'pa. 
 
 Mor'phia. 
 
 Ru'bia. 
 
 Bulla. 
 
 Ecto'pia. 
 
 Krame'ria. 
 
 Mor'rhua. 
 
 Ru'ta. 
 
 Bur'sa. 
 
 Epipli'ora. 
 
 Lacli'ryma. 
 
 Mucu'na. 
 
 Sabadil'la. 
 
 Caf'fea. 
 
 Ergo'ta. 
 
 Lactu'ca. 
 
 Myr'cia. 
 
 Sabba'tia. 
 
 Calum'ba. 
 
 Essen'tia. 
 
 Lacu'na. 
 
 Myris'tica. 
 
 Sabi'na. 
 
 Example of a Noun of the Eirst 
 Singular. 
 
 Nom. Ye'na, a vein. 
 
 Gen. Ye'me, of a vein. 
 
 Dat. Ye'na% to or for a vein.* 
 
 Acc. Ye'nam, a vein. f 
 Yoc. Ye'na, vein (or O vein).% 
 
 Abl. Ye'na, in, with, or by a vein. 
 
 Declension, declined through all the Cases. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Nom. Ye'na, veins. 
 
 Gen. Yena'rum, of veins. 
 
 Dat. Ye'nis, to or for veins.* 
 
 Acc. Ye'nas. veins. f 
 
 Yoc. Ye'na?, veins (or O veins).$ 
 
 Abl. Ye'nis, in, with, or by veins. 
 
 * The dative, case invariably implies the prepositions “to” or “for” understood, 
 f The accusative corresponds nearly to the English objective when governed by a transitive 
 verb or by certain prepositions, as ante, post, prefer. See page 687. 
 
 f The vocative (from voco, voca'tum , to “call”) corresponds to what is termed by some 
 English grammarians the nominative case, addressed: it is used in calling to or addressing 
 persons, and in apostrophizing inanimate objects. 
 
 56 * 661 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 Sali'va. 
 
 Serpenta'ria. 
 
 Tab'ula. 
 
 Tra'chea. 
 
 Vanilla. 
 
 Sal'via. 
 
 Sil'ica. 
 
 Tse'nia. 
 
 Tragacan'tha. 
 
 A 7 aricel'la. 
 
 Sanguina'ria. 
 
 Simaru'ba. 
 
 Tapio'ca. 
 
 Tu'tiica. 
 
 A’ari'ola. 
 
 Santon'ica. 
 
 So'da. 
 
 Tolu. 
 
 Ul'na. 
 
 AVna. 
 
 Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Spige'lia. 
 
 Terebin'thina. 
 
 Un'eia. 
 
 A r esa'nia. 
 
 Sjap'ula. 
 
 Spi'na 
 
 Ter'ra. 
 
 Ure'tkra. 
 
 Yesi'ca. 
 
 Scarlati'na. 
 
 Spiras'a. 
 
 Tes'ta. 
 
 Uri'ua. 
 
 A T i'a. 
 
 Seil'la. 
 
 Spon'gia. 
 
 Theobro'ma. 
 
 U'va. 
 
 A'i'ola. 
 
 Scrof'ula. 
 
 Stillin'gia. 
 
 Tib'ia. 
 
 U'vula. 
 
 A'i'ta. 
 
 Scutella'ria. 
 
 Stri'a. 
 
 Tinctu'ra. 
 
 Vagi'na. 
 
 A T ul'va. 
 
 Sen'ega. 
 
 Sutu'ra. 
 
 Tin'ea. 
 
 Valeria'na. 
 
 Winte'ra. 
 
 Sen'na. 
 
 Syn'ocka. 
 
 Tormentil'la. 
 
 A'al'va. 
 
 Xanthorrhi'za. 
 
 To the foregoing list belong all Latin nouns ending in -a (with the exception of a 
 small number of the third declension ending in -ma, as aroma , exanthema , &c.). They are all 
 of the feminine gender , excepting a very few which are rarely, if ever, found in works relating 
 to medicine. 
 
 All nouns of the preceding list that have a plural, form the plural nominative 
 in -a? (like the genitive singular), the genitive plural ending in -a' mm: e.g. 
 auric' ula, an “auricle;” nom. pi. auric' ulse, the “auricles;” gen. pi. auricula' rum, 
 “of [the] auricles;”* pal'pebra, an “eyelid;” nom. pi. pal'.pebrse , the “eyelids;” 
 gen. pi. 2 )alpebra'rum, “of [the] eyelids:”* hence the phrases sep'tum auricula' - 
 rum , “septum of [the] auricles;”* orbicula'ris palpebra' rum, the “circular [muscle] 
 of [the] eyelids,”* etc. 
 
 III. Nouns ending in -e usually make the genitive in -es : as, nom. al'oe, 
 “aloes;” gen. al'oes, “of aloes;” nom. mas'tiche , “mastic;” gen. mas' ticked, “of 
 mastic:” e.g. pil'ulse al'oes et mas'tiches, “pills of aloes and tnastic.” Words of 
 this class are of Greek origin ; they are usually included under the first declension 
 in the Latin grammars, probably because they belong to the first Greek declension. 
 Those which have a plural, form it in -se: as, ac'ne, a kind of eruption; plural 
 ac'nse. 
 
 To this class belong all Latin nouns of Greek origin having the nominative 
 singular in -e: as, — 
 
 Ac'ne. Anemo'ne. Cat'oche. Dapli'ne. Stat'ice. 
 
 Aga've. Argemo'ne. Cynan'cke. Phleg'mone. Syn'cope ; 
 
 including the compounds of ce'le (Gr. Kr]\r], a “ tumor”), if not Anglicized: as, 
 ceratoce'le, “hernia, of the cornea;” hepatoce'le , “hernia of the liver,” etc. 
 
 IV. Latin nouns having the genitive in are said to belong to the second de- 
 clension. They may be divided into two principal classes, those ending in -us and 
 those in -um. Of the first class the following examples may be given : nom. 
 caryojihyl'lus, a name of the “clove-tree,” also used for “cloves;” gen. caryophyl'li, 
 “of the clove-tree,” or “of cloves;” nom. hyoscy'amus, “henbane;” gen. hyoscy'- 
 ami, “of henbane;” nom. hu'mulus , the “hop plant,” or “hops;” gen. hu'muli, “of 
 hops:” hence the following terms, o'leum caryophyl'li, “oil of cloves;” kyoscy'ami 
 fo'lia, “leaves of hyoscyamus;” inf u' sum hu'muli, “infusion of hops.” See exam- 
 ple given below. 
 
 Example of a Masculine Noun of the Second Declension , declined through all the Cases 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Nom. Dig'itus, a finger. 
 
 Gen. Dig'iti, of a finger. 
 
 Dat. Dig'ito, to or for a finger. \ 
 Acc. Dig'ituin, a finger .f 
 Yoc. Dig'ito, finger (or Ofinger).\ 
 Abl. Dig'ito, in, with , or by a finger. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Nom. Dig'iti,. /infers. 
 
 Gen. Digito'ruin, of fingers. 
 
 Dat. Dig'itis, to or for fingers, f 
 Acc. Dig'itos,./i/n7crs.t 
 A'oc. Dig'iti, fingers (or 0 fingers). f 
 Abl. Dig'itis, in, with, or by fingers. 
 
 662 
 
 * See note on page 660. 
 
 f See notes * f X on page 661. 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 List of Nouns ending in -us and -os, of the Second Declension, 
 
 Acan'tlius. 
 
 Cliy'lus. 
 
 Ilyoscy'amus. 
 
 Oc'ulus. 
 
 Scorbu'tus. 
 
 Ac'arus. 
 
 Chy'mus. 
 
 Ic'terus. 
 
 (Esophagus. 
 
 Scru'pulus. 
 
 A^'inus. 
 
 Cir'rus. 
 
 Junip'erus (f.). 
 
 Ophtharmus. 
 
 Som'nus. 
 
 Acu'leus. 
 
 Ci'trus (f.). 
 
 Lapil'lus. 
 
 Orbic'ulus. 
 
 Spas'mus. 
 
 Agar'icus. 
 
 Cla'vus. 
 
 Lau'rus (f.). 
 
 Pal'pus. 
 
 Stim'ulus. 
 
 Al'nus (f.). 
 
 Coc'cus. 
 
 Lec'tus. 
 
 Papy'rus. 
 
 Stom'achus. 
 
 Alve'olus. 
 
 Con'gius. 
 
 Lob'ulus. 
 
 Pedic'ulus. 
 
 Suc'cus. 
 
 Al'veus. 
 
 Cro'cus. 
 
 Lo'bus. 
 
 Pem'phigus. 
 
 Sulcus. 
 
 Al'vus (f.). 
 
 Did'ymus. 
 
 Loc'ulus. 
 
 Phos'phorus. 
 
 Syn'oclms. 
 
 Am'nios. 
 
 Dig'itus. 
 
 Lo'cus. 
 
 Pi'lus. 
 
 Syru'pus. 
 
 An'gulus. 
 
 Dios'pyros (f.). 
 
 Lum'bus. 
 
 Pi'nus (f.). 
 
 Ta'lus. 
 
 An'imus. 
 
 Euon'ymus. 
 
 Lyc'opus. 
 
 Po'lus. 
 
 Tamarin'dus. 
 
 An'nulus. 
 
 Fascic'ulus. 
 
 Mal'leus. 
 
 Po'rus. 
 
 Tai-'sus. 
 
 A'nus. 
 
 Fi'cus (f., rarely 
 
 Ma'lus (f.). 
 
 Pri'nos. 
 
 Ter'minus. 
 
 Artic'ulus. 
 
 m.). 
 
 Med'icus. 
 
 Pru'nus (f.). 
 
 Tet'anus. 
 
 Asbes'tos. 
 
 Fo'cus. 
 
 Metatar'sns. 
 
 Psellis'mus. 
 
 Thal'l us. 
 
 Aspar'agus. 
 
 Fontic'ulus. 
 
 Mor'bus. 
 
 Pylo'rus. 
 
 Thy'mus. 
 
 Astrag'alus. 
 
 Frax'inus (f.). 
 
 Mo'rus (f.). 
 
 Py'rus (f.). 
 
 Tris'mus. 
 
 Bac'culus. 
 
 Fu'cus. 
 
 Mos'clius. 
 
 Ka'dius. 
 
 Trun'cus. 
 
 Bo'lus. 
 
 Fun'dus. 
 
 Mu'cus. 
 
 Ra'mus. 
 
 Tu'bulus. 
 
 Bul'bus. 
 
 Fun'gus. 
 
 Mus'culus. 
 
 Ranun'culus. 
 
 Ty'phus. 
 
 Cac'tus. 
 
 Funic'ulus. 
 
 Mus'cus. 
 
 Rham'nus. 
 
 Ty'pus. 
 
 Cal'amus. 
 
 Furun'culus. 
 
 Myr'tus (f.). 
 
 IliQ'inus. 
 
 Ul'mus (f.). 
 
 Cal 'cuius. 
 
 Fu'sus. 
 
 Nfe'vus. 
 
 Rosmari'uus. 
 
 Lmbili'cus. 
 
 Capil'lus. 
 
 Glo'bus. 
 
 Na'nus. 
 
 Ru'bus. 
 
 U'terus. 
 
 Car'pus. 
 
 Gy'rus. 
 
 Narcis'sus. 
 
 Sac'culus. 
 
 Yentric'ulus. 
 
 Car'thanms. 
 
 llelleb'orus. 
 
 Na'sus. 
 
 Sac'cus. 
 
 Yen'tus. 
 
 Caryophyl'lus. 
 
 Hidron'osus (f.). 
 
 Ner'vus. 
 
 Sa'gus. 
 
 Yi'rus (neut.). 
 
 Catar'rhus. 
 
 llu'merus. 
 
 No'dus. 
 
 Sainbu'cus (f.). 
 
 Yis'cus* ( the mis- 
 
 Chirur'gus. 
 
 Ilu'mulus. 
 
 Nu'cleus. 
 
 Scir'rlius. 
 
 tletoe). 
 
 Chon'drus. 
 
 Hydron'osus (f.). 
 
 Octa'rius. 
 
 Scopa'rius. 
 
 Yitel'lus. 
 
 4®==* A few masculine nouns of the second declension, derived from the Greek, end in -os: as, 
 Asbes'tos , gen. Ashes'll, A ni'nins, gen. Am'nii, &c. 
 
 A very small number end in -r : as, can'cer, a “ crab gen. can'cri, “of a crab;” nom. plu 
 can’eri, “crabs;” gen. plu. cancro'rum , “of crabs:” hence the phrase cancrorum oculi , “crabs’ 
 eyes;” nom. vir , a “man;” gen, vii’i, “of a man;” nom. plu. vi'ri , “ men;” gen. plu. vir&rum , 
 “of men.” 
 
 These nouns are mostly masculine, but a few are feminine (marked f. in the list), 
 consisting chiefly of the names of trees (see page 680, note). One ( vi'rus ) is 
 
 neuter. Those which have a plural, form the nominative plural by changing - u ft 
 of the nominative singular into -i (the same as the genitive singular), the genitive 
 plural ending in -o' rum: e.g. dig' it us, a “ finger;” nom. pi. dig’iti, “fingers,” or 
 the “ fingers ;” gen. pi. digito'rum , “of [the] fingers;” oc'ulus, “eye;” nom. pi. 
 oc’uli , the “eyes;” gen. pi. oculo'rum , “of [the] eyes;” hence the terms exten'sor 
 digito'rum , “extender of the fingers,” applied to a muscle; moto'res oculo’rum , 
 “movers of the eyes,” the name of a pair of nerves. 
 
 Of nouns ending in -um, the following may serve as examples; nom. acorn’ turn, 
 “aconite;” gen. aconi'ti, “of aconite;” nom. argen'tum , “silver;” gen. argen'ti , 
 “of silver;” nom. dor' sum, the “back;” gen. dor' si, “of [the] back;” nom. li'num , 
 “flax;” gen. li'ni, “of flax:” hence we have aconi'ti fo'lia, “leaves of aconite;” 
 argen'ti ni’tras, “nitrate of silver;” longis’simus dor' si, the “longest [muscle] of 
 the back;” li'ni sem'ina, “seeds of flax” or “flaxseed.” See example given below. 
 
 Example of a Neuter Noun of the Second Declension , declined in full. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Nom. Ligamen'tum, a ligament. 
 
 Gen. Ligamen'ti, of a ligament. 
 
 J)a t. Ligamen'to, to or for a ligament. 
 
 Acc. Ligamen'tum, a ligament. 
 
 Yoc. Ligamen'tum, ligament. 
 
 Abl. Ligauen'to, in, with, or by a ligament. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Nom. Ligamen'ta, ligaments. 
 
 Gen. Ligamcnto'rum, of ligaments. 
 
 Dat. Ligamen'tis, to or for ligaments. 
 
 Acc. Ligamen'ta, ligaments. 
 
 Yoc. Ligamen'ta, ligaments. 
 
 Abl. Ligamen'tis, in, with, or by ligaments. 
 
 * Vis'cus , gen. Vis'ceris, a “ bowel” or “ viscus,” is of the third declension. 
 
 663 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 List of Neuter Nouns, ending in -um and -on, of the Second Declension. 
 
 Absin'thium. 
 
 Ace'tum. 
 
 A<j'idum. 
 
 Aconi'tum. 
 
 iEquilib'rium. 
 
 Albur'num. 
 
 Al'lium. 
 
 Alu'minum. 
 
 Amen'tuin. 
 
 Ammoni'acum. 
 
 Am'nion. 
 
 Amo'muin. 
 
 Am'ylum. 
 
 Ane'thum. 
 
 Animil'culum. 
 
 Ani'sum. 
 
 Antimo'nium. 
 
 An'trum. 
 
 A'pium. 
 
 Apocj'ynum. 
 
 Arca'num. 
 
 Argen'tum. 
 
 Arsen'icum. 
 
 A'rum. 
 
 As'arum. 
 
 Aspid'ium. 
 
 Asple'nium. 
 
 Auran'tium. 
 
 Au'rum. 
 
 Bal'neum. 
 
 Bal'samum. 
 
 Ba'rium. 
 
 Benzo'inum. 
 
 Biho'rium. 
 
 Bisnm'thum. 
 
 Bo'rium. 
 
 Bra'chium. 
 
 Bromin'ium. 
 
 Bro'mium. 
 
 Cad'mium. 
 
 Cas'cum. 
 
 Cal'cium. 
 
 Cam'biurn. 
 
 Can'crum. 
 
 Capit'ulum. 
 
 Cap'sicum. 
 
 Cardauio'mum. 
 
 Ca'rum. 
 
 Caryophyrium. 
 
 Casto'reum. 
 
 CentauTium. 
 
 Cen'trum. 
 
 Cera'tum. 
 
 Cereberium. 
 
 Cer'ebrum. 
 
 Ce'rium. 
 
 Ceta'ceum. 
 
 Chenopo'dium. 
 
 Chlo'ridum. 
 
 Chlo'rium. 
 
 Clilorofor'mum. 
 
 Chro'mium. 
 
 Cil'ium. 
 
 Cinnamo'mum. 
 
 Col'chicum. 
 
 Collo'dium. 
 
 Col'lum. 
 
 Collyr'ium. 
 
 Colum'bium. 
 
 Condimen'tum. 
 
 Coni'um. 
 
 Corian'drum. 
 
 Corpus'culum. 
 
 Cra'nium. 
 
 Crassamen'tum. 
 
 Creaso'tum. 
 
 Cu'prum. 
 
 Cydo'nium. 
 
 Cypripe'dium. 
 
 Decoc'tum. 
 
 Deliq'uium. 
 
 Delir'ium. 
 
 Delphin'ium. 
 
 Didym'ium. 
 
 Dor'sum. 
 
 Dracon'tium. 
 
 Duode'num. 
 
 Efflu'vium. 
 
 Elate'rium. 
 
 Elec'trum. 
 
 Elemen'tum. 
 
 Emplas'trum. 
 
 Epigas'trium. 
 
 Epip'loon. 
 
 Eiipato'rium. 
 
 Extrac'tum. 
 
 Fermen'tum. 
 
 Ferrocyan'idum. 
 
 Fer'rum. 
 
 Fi'lum. 
 Fluo'rium. 
 Foenic'ulum. 
 Fo'lium. 
 Fne'nuin. 
 Frumen'tum. 
 Ful'crum. 
 Gal'banum. 
 Gan'glion. 
 Gelse'mium. 
 Gera'nium. 
 Ge'um. 
 Gossyp'ium. 
 Grana'tum. 
 Gra'num. 
 Guai'acum. 
 Gyp'sum. 
 Haunatox'ylon. 
 Helian'themum. 
 Herba'rium. 
 Hi'lum. 
 Ilor'deum. 
 Hydrar'gyrum. 
 Iiydroph'yton, or 
 Hydroph'ytum. 
 
 ITypochon'drium. 
 
 Hypogas'trium. 
 
 Il'ium. 
 
 Infundib'ulum. 
 
 Infu'sum. 
 
 Insec'tum. 
 
 Intes'tinum. 
 
 Iodin'ium. 
 
 Io'dium. 
 
 Irid'ium. 
 
 Is'cliium. 
 
 Jas'minum. 
 
 Ju'gulum. 
 
 Ju'gum. 
 
 Ka'liura. 
 La'bium. 
 La'brum. 
 Lactuca'rium. 
 Lanta'nium, or 
 Lan'tharium. 
 Lar'dum. 
 Lau'danum. 
 Lepidoden'dron. 
 Ligamen'tum. 
 Lig'num. 
 
 Lil'ium. 
 
 Linimen'tum. 
 
 Li'num. 
 
 Lirioden'dron. 
 
 Lith'ium. 
 
 Lixiv'ium. 
 
 Lomen'tum. 
 
 Lycopo'dium. 
 
 Magne'sium. 
 
 Mandib'ulum. 
 
 Marru'bium. 
 
 Marsu'pium. 
 
 Meco'nium. 
 
 Medicamen'tum. 
 
 Me'dium. 
 
 Mein'brum. 
 
 Men'struum. 
 
 Metal 'lu m. 
 
 Mezere'um. 
 
 Min'iurn. 
 
 Mollus'cum. 
 
 Molybdse'num. 
 
 Momen'tum. 
 
 Mon'strum. 
 
 Na'trium. 
 
 N ecta'rium. 
 
 Ni'trum. 
 
 Olecra'non. 
 
 O'leum. 
 
 Oma'sum. 
 
 Omen'tum. 
 
 Oper'culum. 
 
 O'pium. 
 
 Or'ganum. 
 
 Orig'anum. 
 
 Os'tium. 
 
 Ova'rium. 
 
 Ov'ulum. 
 
 O'vum. 
 
 Ox'ydum, or Ox'- 
 idum. 
 
 Pala'tum. 
 Palla'dium. 
 Pedilu'vium. 
 Perian'thium. 
 Pericar'dium. 
 Perinse'um. 
 Perios'teum. 
 Peritonae'um. 
 Pet'alum. 
 Petroseli'num. 
 Phyllo'dium. 
 Phytozo'on, or 
 Pliytozo'um. 
 Pigmen'tum. 
 Plat'inum. 
 Plum'bum. 
 Poc'ulum. 
 Podophyl'lum. 
 Poma'tum. 
 Po'mum. 
 Potas'sium. 
 Princip'ium. 
 Proflu'vium. 
 Pru'num. 
 Puden'dum. 
 Punc'tum. 
 Pyr'etlirum. 
 Quadriho'rium. 
 Ramen'tum. 
 Receptac'ulum. 
 Rec'tum. 
 Reg'num. 
 Reme'dium. 
 Retinac'ulum. 
 Rlie'uni. 
 Ros'trum. 
 Ruthe'nium. 
 Sac'charum. 
 Sa'crum. 
 Sanita'rium. 
 San'tahim. 
 Santoni'num. 
 Sarmen'tuni. 
 Seammo'niura. 
 Scopa'rium. 
 Scro'tum. 
 Scutel'lum. 
 Scyb'alum. 
 Se'bum, or Se'- 
 vum. 
 
 Secre'tum. 
 
 Sedimeti'tum. 
 
 Sele'nium. 
 
 Semicu'pium. 
 
 Semiho'rium. 
 
 Senso'rium. 
 
 Sep'alum. 
 
 Sep'tum. 
 
 Seques'trum. 
 
 Ser'icum. 
 
 Se'rum. 
 
 Ses'amum. 
 
 Se'vum. 
 
 Sig'num. 
 
 Si lil'ium. 
 
 So'diurn. 
 
 Spec'trum. 
 
 Spec'uhmi. 
 
 Spirac'ulum. 
 
 Spu'tum. 
 
 Stan'ii um. 
 Ster'num. 
 Stib'ium. 
 Stramo'nium. 
 Stra'tum. 
 Stron'tium. 
 Succeda'neum. 
 Sue'cinum. 
 Sulplmre'tum. 
 Supercil'ium. 
 Suspir'ium. 
 Sym'bolum. 
 Tab'acum. 
 Tanace'tum. 
 Tarax'acum. 
 Tar'tarum. 
 Tegmen'tum. 
 Tellu'rium. 
 Temperamen'- 
 tum. 
 
 Tentac'ulum. 
 
 Tento'rium. 
 
 Tig'lium. 
 
 Tita'nium. 
 
 Tomen'tum. 
 
 Toxicoden'dron. 
 
 Trape'zium. 
 
 Triho'rium. 
 
 Trios'teum. 
 
 Trit'icum. 
 
 Tuber'culum. 
 
 Tym'panum. 
 
 Unguen'tum. 
 
 TJra'nium. 
 
 Yac'uum. 
 
 Yana'dium. 
 
 Yeliic'ulum. 
 
 Ye'lum. 
 
 Vene'num. 
 
 Vera'trum. 
 
 Yestib'ulum. 
 
 Vexil'lum. 
 
 Vi'num. 
 
 Yit'rum. 
 
 Xanthox'ylum. 
 
 Yt'trium. 
 
 Zin'cum. 
 
 Zirco'nium. 
 
 Zo'on. 
 
 Zooph'ytum. 
 
 A number of neuter nouns of the second declension, derived from the Greek, end in -on: 
 as, Amnion (also written Amnios), gen. Amnii , Epip'loon , gen. Epip'loi, &c. These nouns have 
 the accusative and vocative singular like the nominative: they form the other cases, both in the 
 singular and plural, exactly like nouns in -um. Some words of this class are also written witt 
 -um : as, Hydroph'yton or Hydroph'ytum , Phytozo'on or Pliytozo'um , &c. 
 
 Nouns belonging to the preceding class are of the neuter gender, and form tho 
 nominative plural by changing - um of the nominative singular into -a, the genitive 
 664 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 plural ending in -o' rum : e.g. bal’neum, a “bath ;” nom. pi. bal’nea, “baths;” gen. pi. 
 balneo'rum, “ of baths ;” /o’ limn, a “ leaf ;” nom. pi. fo’lia , “ leaves gen. pi. folio' - 
 rum, “of leaves.” Nouns of the second declension, whether they end in -us of 
 -um, have the dative and ablative singular in -o, and the dative and ablative plural 
 in -is: e.g. al'vo adstric'td, “with the bowels bound” (or the “bowels being 
 bound”), or constipated; fistula in a' no, “fistula in the anus;” in u'tero, “in the 
 uterus;” cum hydrar'gyro, “with mercury;” mas'sa de (or ex) hydrar'gyro, “mass 
 [prepared] from, or out of, mercury;” oc'ulis, “with [or by means of] the eyes;” 
 cum fo'lii8, “with the leaves,” etc. 
 
 It may be remarked that the ablative is often governed by some preposi- 
 tion expressed, such as a or ab, “from” or “by;” cum, “with;” de, “from,” or “of;” 
 e or ex, “out,” or “out of;” in, “in” or “on,” etc. But the preposition is also very 
 frequently omitted. The foregoing phrases exhibit examples of both kinds. 
 
 V. Latin nouns which form the genitive in -is, arc said to be of the third de- 
 clension: e.g. nom. a'cer, a “maple-tree;” gen . ay'eris, “of a maple-tree;” nom. 
 se'ther, “ether;” gen. i e' then’s, “of ether.” Sometimes, as in the examples just 
 cited, the genitive is formed by simply adding -is to the nominative. Nouns 
 having the nominative in -ma, form the genitive by adding -tis : as, der’ma, der ' - 
 mati8. But many nouns of the third declension are more or less irregular in 
 
 Examples of Nouns of the Third Declension, declined in full. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Nom. A'pex (m.), a point. 
 
 Gen. Ap'icis, of a point. 
 
 Pat. Ap'iei, to or for a point. 
 
 Acc. Ap'icem, a point. 
 
 Voc. A'pex, point. 
 
 Abl. Ap'ice, in, with, or by a point. 
 
 Nom. Cri'nis (m.), a lock (of hair). 
 
 Gen. Cri'nis, of a lock. 
 
 Pat. Cri'ni, to or for a lock. 
 
 Acc. Cri'nem, a lock. 
 
 Yoc. Cri'nis, lock. 
 
 Abl. Cri'ne, in, with , or by a lock. 
 
 Nom. Pens (m.), a tooth. 
 
 Gen. Pen'tis, of a tooth. 
 
 Pat. Pen'ti, to or for a tooth. 
 
 Acc. Pen'tem, a tooth. 
 
 Yoc. Pens, tooth. 
 
 Abl. Pen'te, in, with , or by a tooth. 
 
 Nom. Hu'mor (m.), a humor. 
 
 Gen. Humo'ris, of a h umor. 
 
 Pat. Humo'ri, to a humor. 
 
 Acc. Humo'rem, a humor. 
 
 Yoc. Hu'mor, humor. 
 
 Abl. Humo're, in, with, or by a humor. 
 
 Nom. Os (neut.), a bone. 
 
 Gen. Os'sis, of a bone. 
 
 Pat. Os'si, to a bone. 
 
 Acc. Os, a bone. 
 
 Yoc. Os, bone. 
 
 \bl. Os'se, in, with, or by a bone. 
 
 Nom. Re'te (neut.), a net. 
 
 Gen. Re'tis, of a net. 
 
 Pat. Re'ti, to a net. 
 
 Acc. Re'te, a net. 
 
 Yoc. Re'te, net. 
 
 Abl. Re'ti, in, with, or by a net. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Nom. Ap'ices, points. 
 
 Gen. Ap'icum, of points. 
 
 Pat. Apig'ibus, to or for points. 
 
 Acc. Ap'ices, points. 
 
 Yoc. Ap'ices, points. 
 
 Abl. Api<j'ibus, in, with, or by points. 
 
 Nom. Cri'nes, locks. 
 
 Gen. Crin'ium, of locks. 
 
 Pat. Crin'ibus, to or for locks. 
 
 Acc. Cri'nes, locks. 
 
 Yoc. Cri'nes, locks. 
 
 Abl. Crin'ibus, in, with, or by locks. 
 
 Nom. Pen'tes, teeth. 
 
 Gen. Pen'tium, of teeth. 
 
 Pat. Pen'tibus, to or for teeth. 
 
 Acc. Pen'tes, teeth. 
 
 Yoc. Pen'tes, teeth. 
 
 Abl. Pen'tibus, in, with, or by teeth. 
 
 Nom. Humo'res, humors. 
 
 Gen. Humo'rum, of humors. 
 
 Pat. Humo'ri bus, to or for humors. 
 
 Acc. Humo'res, humors. 
 
 Yoc. Humo'res, humors. 
 
 Abl. Humo'ribus, in, with, or by humors 
 
 Nom. Os'sa, bones. 
 
 Gen. Os'sium, of bones. 
 
 Pat. Os'sibus, to or for bones. 
 
 Acc. Os'sa, bones. 
 
 Yoc. Os'sa, bones. 
 
 Abl. Os'sibus, in, with, or by bones. 
 
 Nom. Re'tia (ree'she-a), nets. 
 
 Gen. Re'ti um (ree'she-um), of nets. 
 
 Pat. Ret'ibus, to or for nets. 
 
 Acc. Re'tia, nets. 
 
 Voc. Re'tia, nets. 
 
 Abl. Ret'ibus, in, with, or by nets. 
 
 665 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 respect to the formation of the genitive: e.g. nom. se'tas (“age”), gen. seta' tis ; nom. 
 albu'go (“ white of the eye”), gen. albu'ginis ; nom. a'pex (a “point”), gen. ap' ids ; 
 nom. calx (“lime”), gen. cards. Therefore, in order to avoid any possibility of 
 misunderstanding, in all cases (except those in which the genitive is formed by 
 simply adding -is or -tis) in the following list, the genitive has been spelled out in 
 full. The genders , also, have been marked, as it is impossible to lay down any rule 
 by which they could be positively determined. A few general observations, how- 
 ever, respecting genders, may be useful in assisting the memory of the learner. 
 1 . Nouns in -or are nearly always masculine: as, abduc'tor, ar'dor, ca'lor , con- 
 st rid tor, depres'sor , la'bor, mo’tor , etc. The only exceptions in the list are ar'bor 
 (a “tree,” fern.), and mar'mor (“marble,” neut.). 2. Nouns in -go are feminine: 
 as, sern'jo, albu'go, call go , cartila'go , rubi'go , etc.; all those of this last termination 
 form the genitive in -Inis. 3. Nouns of which the nominative ends in -is are femi- 
 nine when they signify an action , state, or process: as, diaVysis, the “act of dis- 
 solving;” diajjhore'sis, the “act or state of perspiring,” etc. (from the Greek). 
 The genitive of this class of nouns is always the same as the nominative. 4. Those 
 ending in -io, formed from a verb, are invariably feminine : as, abdudtio [from the 
 verb abdu'co, abdudtum], emis'sio [from emit' to, emis'sum ], etc. 5. Those ending in 
 -ma, which form the genitive by adding -tis, are from the Greek, and are without 
 exception neuter: as, aro'ma , co'ma, der'ma, etc. 
 
 Nouns in -as, having the genitive in -a'tis, formed from an adjective, as 
 muti'tas, “dumbness” [from mu'tus , “dumb”], are feminine; and, by analogy, nouns 
 of the same termination, indicating the combination of some acid with a base, as 
 ace'tas (an “acetate”), sul'phas (a “sulphate”), are generally regarded as femi- 
 nine; but this is disputed by others, and as words of this class are exclusively 
 modern, there is no classical authority to which we can appeal to decide the ques- 
 tion.* 
 
 Nouns of the third declension usually change the -is of the genitive into -e, 
 to form the ablative: as, can'tharis, gen. canthar'idis , abl. canthar'ide; ca'ro 
 (“flesh”), gen. car'nis, abl .car'ne, etc. See examples of nouns of the third declen- 
 sion on preceding page. 
 
 If the noun is masculine or feminine, the nominative plural is formed by 
 changing the -is of the genitive singular into - es : as, ca'lyx, gen. cal' yds, nom. 
 pi. calyces ; can'tharis, gen. canthar'idis, nom. pi. canthar' ides ; but if neuter, the 
 genitive singular is changed to -a or -ia: as, a'cer , gen. aferis, nom. pi. at;' era; 
 an'imal, gen. anima'lis, nom. pi. anima'lia ; fora' men, gen. foram'inis , nom. pi. 
 foram'ina. It may be stated as a universal rule that, in Latin, neuter nouns, 
 
 or adjectives, of whatever declension, form the nominative plural in -a. 
 
 * In the last United States as well as in the British Pharmacopoeia (just published), nouns 
 of this class are assumed to be feminine, and the accompanying adjectives and participles 
 have the feminine termination. Accordingly, they now say Hydrar'gyri Sulphas FJa'vu , and 
 not Hydrar'gyri Sulphas Fla'vus, as given in former Pharmacopoeias; Zin'ci Carbo'nas Free- 
 cipita'ta (not Prsecipita'tus ), etc. etc. 
 
 In the Pharmacopoeia recently published under the authority of the Prussian Government 
 ( Pharmacopoeia Borussica , Berolini, 1862), instead of such terms as Plum'bi Ace'tas, Magne'sise 
 Sulphas, Zin'ci Sulphas, &c., Ptum'burn Acet'icum (“Acetic for acetated] Lead”), Magne'sia 
 Sulphu'rica (“ Sulphuric [or sulphurated] Magnesia”), Zin'cum Sulphu'ricum (“Sulphuric for 
 sulphurated] Zinc”), &c. are employed; but Ace'tas Plum'bicus (“Plumbic Acetate”). Sulphas 
 Magne'sicus (“ Magnesian Sulphate”), Sul'phas Zin'cicus (“Zincic Sulphate”), &c , are given as 
 synonyms, the noun, as in the examples just cited, being invariably joined with a masculine 
 adjective. 
 
 666 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 Abdo'men, gen. Ab- 
 dom'inis (neut.). 
 
 Abductor, gen. Ab- 
 ducto'ris (m.). 
 
 Ab'ies. Abi'eiis (f.). 
 
 Accip'iter, Accip'itm 
 (m.). 
 
 A'cer, Azeris (neut.). 
 
 Ace'tas, Aceta 7is (f.). 
 
 Acotyle'don, -is (f.). 
 
 Adductor, -o'ris(m.). 
 
 A'deps, Ad 'ipis (m.). 
 
 A'er, A'ern (rn.). 
 
 JEru'go,iEru'gmis (f.). 
 
 iEs, M'ris (neut.). 
 
 iEstas, sEsta'tis (f.). 
 
 iE'tas, iEta'iis (f.). 
 
 iE'ther, iE'theris (m.). 
 
 iE'thiops, JE'thiopis 
 
 (m.). 
 
 Albu'go,Albu'gmis(f.) 
 
 Albu'men, Albu'miwis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Al'etris, Alet'ridis (f.). 
 
 Alu'men, Alu'minis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Amauro'sis (id.*) (f.). 
 
 Am'yris, Amyr'kiis(f.). 
 
 Analysis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Aneuris'ma,-iis(neut.) 
 
 Ariimal, -is (neut.). 
 
 An'ser, -is (m.). 
 
 An'themis, Anthem'- 
 i dis (f.). 
 
 An'thrax, Anthra'cis 
 (in.). 
 
 A'pex, Ap'icis (m.). 
 
 A'phis, Apliidis (f.). 
 
 A 'pis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Aposte'ma, -tis. 
 
 Appen'dix, Appen'- 
 dicis (f.) 
 
 Ar'bor, Ar'boris (m.). 
 
 Ar'dor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Aro'ma, A ro'maf is 
 
 (neut.). 
 
 Arthri'tis, Artlirit'idfis 
 (f.). 
 
 Arun'do, Arun'dinis 
 (f.). 
 
 As'caris, Ascar'idis (f.) 
 
 Ascle'pias, Ascle'pia- 
 dis (f.). 
 
 Asth'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 
 Athero'ma, Athero'- 
 maiis (neut.). 
 
 At'las, Atlan'iis (m.). 
 
 Auri'go, Aurig'iuis (f.) 
 
 A'vis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Ax'is (id.) (m.). 
 
 Ba'sis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Ber'beris (id.) (f.). 
 
 Bicarbo'nas, Bicarbo- 
 na'iis (f.) 
 
 Bichro'mas, Bichro- 
 ma 'tis (f.). 
 
 Bitar'tras, Bi tar trail's 
 
 (f-). 
 
 Bitu'men, Bitu'minis 
 (neut.). 
 
 List of Nouns of the Third Declension. 
 
 Boin'bax, Bomba'eis 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Bora'go, Borag'inis(f) 
 Bo'ras, Bora'iis (f.). 
 Bo'rax, Bora'cis (f.). 
 Bu'bo, Bubo'wis (m.). 
 Buccina'tor, -o'ris ( m.). 
 Cacu'men, Cacu'minis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Cada'ver, Cadav'eris 
 (neut.). 
 
 Cali'go, Calig'inis (f.). 
 Ca'lor, -o'r is (m.). 
 Calx, Cal'cis (m.). 
 Ca'lyx, Cal'ycis (m.). 
 Can'nabis (id.) (f.). 
 Can'tharis, Canthar'- 
 i dis (f.). 
 
 Ca'put, Cap'iiis (neut.) 
 Car'bo, -o'nis (m.). 
 Carbo'nas, Carbonari's 
 (f.). 
 
 Carcino'ma, -tis (neut.) 
 Cardi'tis, Cardit'idis 
 
 (f-). 
 
 Ca'ro, Car'm’s (f.). 
 Cartila'go, Cartilag'- 
 inis (f.). 
 
 Ceru'men, Ceru'miras 
 (neut.). 
 
 ChIo'ras,Chlora7i$(f.). 
 Chloro'sis (id.) (f.). 
 Chrys'alis, Chrysal'- 
 i dis (f.). 
 
 Cica'trix, Cicatri'cis 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Ci'nis, Cin'eris (m.). 
 Ci'tras, Ci trail's (f.). 
 Clas'sis (id.) (f.). 
 Climac'ter, -e'ris (m.). 
 Coc'cyx, Coccy'#is(m.) 
 Colocyn'this, Colo- 
 cyn'thirfis (f.). 
 Co'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 Constric'tor, -o'ris (m.) 
 Cop'tis, Cop'ticiis (f.). 
 Cor, Cor'ciis (neut.). 
 Cor'pus, Cor'pom 
 (neut.). 
 
 Cor'tex, Cor'ticis (ni. 
 and f.). 
 
 Cre'mor, -o'ris (m.). 
 Cri'nis (id.) (m.). 
 Cri'sis (id.) (m.) 
 Cro'ton, -o'nis (m.). 
 Crus, CruVis (neut.). 
 Cu'eumis (id.) (m.). 
 Cu'tis (id.) (f.) 
 
 Cy'cas, Cyc'arfis (f.). 
 Cys'tis, Cys'tiiiis (f.). 
 Dens, Der/iis (m.). 
 Depres'sor, -o'ris (m.). 
 Der'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 Diabe'tes, Diabe'tis. 
 Diaer'esis (id.) (f.). 
 Diagnosis (id.) (f.). 
 Dial'ysis (id.) (f.). 
 Diaphore'sis (id.) ({.). 
 Diaphrag'ma, -tis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Diath'esis (id.) (f.). 
 Dicotyle don, is (f.). 
 Digita'lis (id.) ((.). 
 Dila'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 Diplo'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 Distor'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 Dorema (neut.). 
 
 Do'sis (id.) (f.). 
 
 E'bur, Eb'oris (neut.). 
 Ecchymo'ma, -tis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Ecchymo'sis (id.) (f.). 
 Elephantiasis (id.) (f.) 
 Enipye'sis (id.) ({.). 
 Ernpyreu'ma, -tis 
 (neut.) 
 
 Endosmo'sis (id.) (f.). 
 En'cma, Enera'aiis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Enteri'tis (id.) (f.). 
 Epis'chesis (id.) (f.). 
 Epistax'is (id.) (f.). 
 Erec'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 Erig'eron, -tis (neut.). 
 Erysip'elas, Erysipel'- 
 aiis (neut.). 
 Exanthe'ina, Exan- 
 them'aiis (neut.). 
 Exosto'sis (id.) (f.). 
 Exten'sor, -o'ris (m.). 
 Falx, Fal'cis (f.). 
 Fe'bris (id.) (f.). 
 
 Fel, Fel'iis (neut.). 
 Fe'mur, Fem'oris 
 (neut.). 
 
 Filix, Fil'icis (f.). 
 Flex'or, -o'ris (m.). 
 Flos, Flo'ris (rn.). 
 Flu'or, Fluo'ris (m.). 
 Fo'mes, Foniiiis (m.). 
 Fons, Fon'iis (m.). 
 Fora'men, Foram'inis 
 (neut.). 
 
 For'ceps, For'cipis (fX 
 For'nix, For'nicis (m.). 
 Fri'gus, Frig'oris 
 (neut.). 
 
 Frons, FronWis (f.). 
 Frons, Fron'iis (f.). 
 Fru'tex, Fru'ticis(m.). 
 Fuli'go, Fulig'inis (f.). 
 Fu'nis (id.) (m.). 
 Fur'fur, -is (m.). 
 Gastri'tis, Gastrit'iciis 
 
 (f.> 
 
 Gen'esis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Ge'nus, Gen'ms 
 
 (neut.). 
 
 Ger'men, Ger'mims 
 (neut.). 
 
 Gians, Glan'dis (f.). 
 
 Glu'ten, Glu'tims 
 
 (neut.). 
 
 Gra'men, Gram'iwis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Gram'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 
 Gran'do, Gran'diras 
 (f.). 
 
 Ilremop'tysis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Ha'lo, Halo'nis (m.). 
 
 Ile'lix, Hel'icis. 
 
 TIe'par, Ilep'aiis 
 
 (n<*ut.). 
 
 Her'pes,IIerpe7is(m.) 
 
 Hiru'do, Hiru 'dint's (f.) 
 
 Ilu'rnor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Hydras'tis, Ilydras'ti- 
 dis (f.). 
 
 Ily'drops, Ilydro'pis 
 
 (m.). 
 
 Hydrotho'rax, -a'cis 
 
 (m.). 
 
 Hypochondri'asis (id.) 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Ig'nis (id.) (m.). 
 
 Ima'go, Imag'iitis (f.). 
 
 Impeti'go, Impetig'- 
 inis (f.). 
 
 In'dex, In'dicis (m. 
 and f.). 
 
 In'guen, In'guiwis 
 (neut.). 
 
 I'ris, Ir'i dis (f.). 
 
 I'ter, Itiu'ms (neut.). 
 
 Je'cur, Jec'oris (neut.) 
 
 Ju'glans, Juglan'dis 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Jus, Ju'ris (neut.). 
 
 Juven'tus, Ju ventu'iis 
 (f.). 
 
 La'bor, Labo'ris (m.). 
 
 Lac, Lac'iis (neut.). 
 
 Lanu'go, Lanu'ginis 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Lapis, Lap'iciis (m.). 
 
 Lar'ynx, Laryn'^is(f-). 
 
 La'tex, Lat'icis (m.). 
 
 Legu'men, Legu'miwis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Lens, Len'iis (f.). 
 
 Leon'todon,-iis(neut.) 
 
 Leva'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Lichen, Liche'nis(m.). 
 
 Li'en, Lie'nis (m.). 
 
 Li'mon. Limo'nis (m.). 
 
 Li'quor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Li'vor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Lix, lA'cis (f.). 
 
 Lu'es, Lu'is (f.). 
 
 Lumba'go, Lumbag'- 
 inis (f.). 
 
 Ma'cis, Ma<j'i dis (f.). 
 
 Mag'nes, Magne'iis 
 
 (m.). 
 
 Mar'cor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Mar'mor, Mar'moris 
 (neut.). 
 
 Mas, MaVis (m.). 
 
 Ma'trix, Matri'cis (f.). 
 
 Medica'men, Medi- 
 cam 'mis (neut.). 
 
 Mel, Meiiis (neut.). 
 
 Mens, Men'iis (f.). 
 
 Men'sis (id.) (m.). 
 
 Menyan'thes, Meny- 
 an'this. 
 
 Mias'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 
 Moli'men, Mol im 'in is 
 (neut.). 
 
 Mors, Morris (f.). 
 
 * Id. placed after the noun denotes that the genitive is the same (idem) as the nominative. 
 
 667 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 Mos, M o'ris (ni.), man- 
 ner or custom. 
 
 Mo'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Mucila'go, Mucilag'- 
 inis (f.). 
 
 Mu'rias, Muria'fes (f.). 
 
 Mur'mur, -is (neut.). 
 
 Mu'titas, Mutita'iis (f.) 
 
 Narco'ma, -tis( neut.). 
 
 Na'ris (id.) ({.). 
 
 Nata'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Neuro'sis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Ni'tras, Nit rail's (f.). 
 
 Nox, No c'tis (night) 
 (f.). 
 
 Nu'trix, Nutri'cis (f.). 
 
 Nux, Nu'cis (f.). 
 
 Ob'stetrix, Obstetri'- 
 cis ({.). 
 
 Oc'ciput, Occip'iiis 
 (neut.). 
 
 On'yx, On'y chis (m. 
 and f.). 
 
 Or'do, Or'diwis (m.). 
 
 Ori'go, Orig'inis (f.). 
 
 Os, O'ris (neut.). 
 
 Os, Os' sis (neut.). 
 
 O'vis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Ox'alas, Oxala'tis (f.). 
 
 Pa'nax, Pan'acis (f.). 
 
 Pan'creas, Pancre'atis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Pa'nis (id.) (m.). 
 
 Papa'ver, Papav'eris 
 (neut.). 
 
 Paral'ysis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Pa'ries, Pari'efts (m.). 
 
 Pathe'ma, - tis (neut.). 
 
 Pec'ten, Pec'tiwis (in. 
 and neut.). 
 
 Pec'tus, Pec'toris 
 (neut.). 
 
 Pel'vis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Pe'po, Pepo'nis (m.). 
 
 Perman'ganas, -a 'tis 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Pertug'sis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Pes, Pe'dis (m.). 
 
 Pes'tis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Pha'lanx, Phalan'ais 
 (f.). 
 
 Phar'ynx, Pharyn'^is 
 (f.). 
 
 Phos'phas, Phospha'- 
 tis (f.). 
 
 Phthi'sis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Pi'per, Pip'eris(neut.). 
 
 Pis'cis (id.) (m.). 
 
 Pix, Pi'cis (f.). 
 
 Planta'go, Plantag'- 
 inis (f.). 
 
 Plas'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 
 Pneuma, -tis (neut.). 
 
 Pol'lex, Pol'licis (in.). 
 
 Pon'dus, Pon'deris 
 (neut.). 
 
 Pons, Pon 'tis (m.). 
 
 Pop'les, Pop'litis (m.). 
 
 Porri'go, Porrig 'inis 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Pris'ma, Pris'ma tis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Probos'cis, Probos'ci- 
 dis ({.). 
 
 Prona'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Propa'go, Propag'ini's 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Pruri'go, Prurig'inis 
 (f.). 
 
 Pu'bes, Pu'bis (f.). 
 
 Pul'mo, Pulmo'ms 
 
 (m.). 
 
 Pul'vis, Pul'veris (m.). 
 
 Pus, Pu'ris (neut.). 
 
 Puta'men, Putam'iwis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Pyr'amis, Pyram'idis 
 (f.). 
 
 Pyro'sis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Qua'drans, Quadran'- 
 tis (m.). 
 
 Ra'chis, Ra'cheos (f.). 
 
 Ra'dix, Radi'cis (f.). 
 
 Reg'imen, Regim'inis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Ren, Re'nis (m.). 
 
 Re'te, Re'tis (neut.). 
 
 Retrac'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Rha'chis, Rha'cheos. 
 See Rachis. 
 
 Rheu'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 
 Rliizo'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 
 Rhus, Rho'is (f. and m.) 
 
 Ri'gor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Rota'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Rubi'go, Rubig'inis (f.) 
 
 Ru'mex, Ru'micis (m.) 
 
 Sal, Sa'lis (m.). 
 
 Sa'lix, Sal'icis (f.). 
 
 San'guis, San'guinis 
 
 (m.). 
 
 San'itas, Sanita'iis (f.). 
 
 Sa'po, Sapo'wis (m.). 
 
 Sarco'ma, Sarco 'mail’s 
 (neut.). 
 
 Sarx, Sar'cos (f.). 
 
 Scan'sor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Se'des, Se'dis (f.). 
 
 Se'men, Sem'im’s 
 (neut.). 
 
 Senec'tus, Senectu'iis 
 (f.). 
 
 Serpi'go, Serpig'inis 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Si'lex, Sil'icis (m. orf.) 
 
 Sil'icas, Silica'iis (f.). 
 
 Sina'pis (id.) ({.). 
 
 Si'phon or Si'pho, 
 o'nis (m.). 
 
 Si'tis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Sol, So'lis (m.). 
 
 Solida'go, Solidag'ims 
 (f.). 
 
 So'por, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Spa'dix, Spadi'cis (m.). 
 
 Spas'ma, Spas'mafis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Sper'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 
 Sphinc'ter, -e'ris (m.) 
 
 Sta'men, Stam'inis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Ste'ar, Ste'a^is (neut.). 
 
 Ster'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Stig'ma, Stig'ma^is 
 (neut.). 
 
 Sto'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 
 Sto'rax, Stora'cis(m.). 
 
 Stu'por, -o'ris (m.). 
 
 Sty'rax, Styra'cis (m. 
 and f.). 
 
 Su'dor, Sudo'ris (m.). 
 
 Sul'phas, Sulpha'^is 
 
 (f.). 
 
 Sul'phis, Sulphi'^is 
 (f.). 
 
 Sul'phur, Sul'phuris 
 (neut.). 
 
 Sympto'ma, -tis (neut.) 
 
 Synop'sis (id.) (f.). 
 
 Syn'thesis (id.) (f.). 
 Syph'ilis, Syphil'idis 
 (f.). 
 
 Syste'ma, -tis (neut.). 
 Ta'bes, Ta'bis (f.). 
 Tax'is (id.) (f.). 
 Tec'trix, Tectri'cis (f.). 
 Teg'men, Teg'miwis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Tem'pus, Tem'poris 
 (neut.). 
 
 Ten'do, Ten'dmis (m.). 
 Ten'sor, -o'ris (in.). 
 Tes'tis (id.) (m. or f.). 
 Testu'do, Testu'dim's 
 (f.). 
 
 The'nar, Then'aris 
 
 (neut.). 
 
 The'sis (id.) (f.). 
 Tho'rax,Thora'cis (m.) 
 Thus, Thu'ris (neut.). 
 Tor'men, Tor'minis 
 (neut.). 
 
 Tre'mor, -o'ris (m.). 
 Tricho'ma, -tis. 
 Trochan'ter, -e'ris (m.) 
 Tu'ber, Tu'beris 
 
 (neut.). 
 
 Tu'mor, -o'ris (m.). 
 Ul'cus, IJl^eris (neut.). 
 Un'guis (id.) (m.). 
 Ure'do, Ured'mis (f.). 
 Ure'ter, Urete'ris (m.). 
 Ya'por, -o'ris (m.). 
 Ya'rix, Yar'icis (m.). 
 Yas, Va's is (neut.), pi. 
 
 of second declension. 
 Ven'ter, Ven'tris (m.). 
 Ve'nus, Yen'eris (f.). 
 Ver'mis (id.) (m.). 
 Ver'tex, Ver'ticis(m.). 
 Vis (id.) ({.), pi. Yi'res. 
 Vis'cus, Yis'^eris 
 
 (neut.). 
 
 Vi'tis (id.) ({.). 
 
 Vo'mer, -is (m.). 
 Yor'tex, Yor'ticis (m.). 
 Yox, Vo'cis (f.). 
 Yul'nus, Vul'nem 
 
 (neut.). 
 
 Zin'giber, Zingib'eris 
 (neut.). 
 
 To these may be added the very numerous class of nouns in -io, derived from the supines of 
 verbs by simply dropping the -wm of the supine and substituting -io: for example, from ab - 
 du'co, abduct-um , to “ abduct,” we have abduc'tio , “ abduction from adhse'reo, adhse'sum , to 
 “ adhere,” we have adhse'sio, “ adhesion,” &c. All such nouns are of the feminine gender ; they 
 invariably form the genitive by adding -nis to the nominative : e.g. abduc'tio , abductio'nis , ad- 
 hsesiOy adhsesio'nis, and so on. It may be observed that English nouns in -ion — such as caution , 
 depression , lotion , motion , occasion , retention , repulsion , tension , &c. &c. — are, with scarcely an 
 exception, derived from Latin nouns of the class alluded to, by simply dropping the -is of the 
 genitive ; as, motio , gen. motion-is , “ motion ;” tensio , gen. tension-is , “ tension,” &c. 
 
 VI. Latin nouns having the nominative in -us or -u, and the genitive like the 
 nominative, are said to be of the fourth declension: e.g. nom. a'cus, a “needle;” 
 gen. a'cus, “of a needle.” Some grammarians suppose that the original form 
 of the genitive was -uis, and that this was afterwards contracted into -us. Be 
 this as it may, it is usual, in order to mark the difference between the nomina- 
 tive and genitive, to write the latter with a circumflex accent, which is a common 
 668 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 sign of contraction: e.g. nom. due' tun, a “duct;” gen. due' tits, “of a duct.” So we 
 have — nom. cor’nua flo’rida , gen. cor'nfis flo'ridse; nom. quer’eus alba, gen. quer’eus 
 al'bse, etc. : hence the terms decoc'tum cor'nds flo'ridse (“ decoction of dogwood”), 
 decoc'tum quer'eus al'bse (“ decoction of white oak [bark]”). Nouns of this class 
 form the ablative in -u, the nominative plural in -us, and the genitive plural in 
 -unm: thus, a'cus, a “needle,” has in the ablative a'cn, “in, with, from, or by a 
 needle;” nom pi. a'cus , “needles;” gen. pi. ac'uum, “of needles;” duc'tus, a 
 “duct;” abl. duc'tu, “with a duct;” nom. pi. duc’tus, “ducts;” gen. pi. duc'tuum, 
 “of ducts,” etc Nouns having the nominative singular in -u, are of the neuter 
 gender, and have the same termination in all the cases of the singular. Like all 
 neuter nouns of whatever declension, they form their plural in -a: e.g. ge'nu, a 
 “knee;” gen. ge'uu or ge'niis, “of a knee;” abl. ge'nu, “with a knee;” nom. pi. 
 gen'ua , “knees,” gen. pi gen’uum, * of knees.” Cor’nu (a “horn”) is declined in 
 precisely the same manner: hence we have the terms cor’nu cer'vi, “hart’s horn;” 
 cor'nua u'teri, “horns of the uterus;” gen'ua val'ga, “crooked or distorted 
 knees,” etc. 
 
 List of the most important Nouns of the Fourth Declension* 
 
 Abor'tus. 
 
 Cor'nu (neut.). 
 
 Gus'tus. 
 
 Pas'sus. 
 
 Si'tus. 
 
 Absces'sus. 
 
 Cor'nus (f.). 
 
 llab'itus. 
 
 Plex'us. 
 
 Spir'itus. 
 
 A'cus. 
 
 Cu'bitus. 
 
 Hal'itus. 
 
 Po'tus. 
 
 Subsul'tue. 
 
 Afflux'us. 
 
 Decu'bitus. 
 
 Haus'tus. 
 
 Proces'sus. 
 
 Tac'tus. 
 
 Apparatus. 
 
 Descen'sus. 
 
 Ic'tus. 
 
 Prolap'sus. 
 
 Tinni'tus. 
 
 Aquaeduc'tus. 
 
 Duc'tus. 
 
 Lu'sus. 
 
 Pul'sus. 
 
 Trac'tus. 
 
 Ar'cus. 
 
 Fki'tus. 
 
 Ma'nus. 
 
 Quer'eus (f.). 
 
 Tran'situs. 
 
 Ascen'sus. 
 
 Flux'us. 
 
 Mo'tus. 
 
 Ri'sus. 
 
 Vic'tus. 
 
 Audi'tus. 
 
 Fce'tus. 
 
 Ni'sus. 
 
 Sen'sus. 
 
 Vi's us. 
 
 Co'itus. 
 
 Fruc'tus. 
 
 Olfac'tus. 
 
 Sex'us. 
 
 Vom'itus. 
 
 Congres'sus. 
 
 Ge'nu (neut.). 
 
 Par'tus. 
 
 Si'nus. 
 
 Vul'tus. 
 
 It may be observed that all Latin nouns ending in -us, and derived from the 
 supine of a verb by simply changing -m to -s, are of the fourth declension and 
 masculine gender: e.g. audi’tus, “hearing” [from au'dio, audi'tum, to “hear”]; 
 duc'tus , a “duct,” or “canal” [from du'eo, duc'tum , to “lead,” to “convey”]; ic’tus, 
 a “stroke” [from i'co, ic'tum, to “strike”]; par’tus, “parturition” [from pa'rio, 
 par' turn, to “bring forth”]; pas'sus, a “step” (t.e. an “opening” or “extension 
 of the legs”) [from pan’ do, pan’ sum or pas' sum, to “open,” “expand,” or “ex- 
 
 Examples of Nouns of the Fourth Declension , declined in full. 
 
 Fructus, 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Nom. Fruc'tns, fruit. 
 
 Gen. Fruc'tus, of fruit 
 Dat. Fruc'tui. to or for fruit. 
 
 Acc. Fruc'tmn, fruit. 
 
 Voc. Fruc'tus, fruit. 
 
 Abl. Fruc'tu, in, with, or by fruit. 
 
 Cornu, 
 
 Nom. Cor'nu, a horn. 
 
 Gen. Cor'nfts or Cor'nu,* of a horn. 
 
 Dat. Cor'nu, to or for a horn. 
 
 Acc. Cor'nu, a horn. 
 
 Voc. Cor'nu, horn. 
 
 Abl. Cor'nu, in, ivith, or by a horn. 
 
 fruit (masc.). 
 
 Plural. 
 
 N om. Fruc'tus, fruits. 
 
 Gen. Fruc'tuum, of fruits. 
 
 Dat. Fruc'tibus, to or far fruits. 
 
 Acc. Fruc'tus, fruits. 
 
 Voc. Fruc'tus, fruits. 
 
 Abl. Fruc'tibus, in, with, or by fruits. 
 
 horn (neut.). 
 
 Nom. Cor'nua, horns. 
 
 Gen. Cor'nuum, of horns. 
 
 Dat. Cor'nibus, to or for horns. 
 
 Acc. Cor'nua, horns. 
 
 Xoc. Cor'nua, horns. 
 
 Abl. Cor'nibus, in, with, or by horns. 
 
 * Always cor'nu in medical phrases: e.g. rasu'rse cor'nu cer'vi (not cor' nils cer'vi), “shavings 
 of hartshorn.” 
 
 57 
 
 669 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 tend”]; plex'us, a “ knitting together,” a “network” [from plec'to, plex’um, to 
 “knit,” to “intertwine”]; po’tua, a “drink,” or “drinking” [from po'to, pota’tum 
 or po'tum, to “drink”], etc. etc.* 
 
 VII. Latin nouns having the nominative in -es and the genitive in -e’i are of 
 the fifth declension. They form the ablative in -c, the nominative plural like the 
 nominative singular, the genitive plural in - e’rum , and the ablative plural in -e'bua: 
 e.g. nom. di'es , a “day;” gen. die'i, “of a day;” abl. di'e, “in a day;” nom. pi. 
 di'es , “days;” gen. die' rum, “of days;” abl. pi. die' bus, “in, on, or with days:” 
 so, nom. rea , a “thing;” gen. re’i, abl. re, nom. pi. res, gen. pi. re' rum, abl. pi. 
 re’bua , etc. etc.: hence the phrases, alter’ nis die'bua, “on alternate days;” re' rum 
 natu'ra, the “nature of things;” res con'tra natu'ram , “things against nature,” etc. 
 Nouns of the fifth declension are feminine, excepting dies, a “day,” which is 
 usually masculine, f but sometimes feminine. See examples given below. 
 
 List of Nouns of the Fifth Declension, 
 
 A'cies. 
 
 Ca'ries. 
 
 Gla'cies. 
 
 Proflu'vies. 
 
 Balbu'ties. 
 
 Di'es. 
 
 Inglu'vies. 
 
 Ra'bies. 
 
 Calvi'ties. 
 
 Fa'cies. 
 
 Ma'cies. 
 
 Res. 
 
 Cani'ties. 
 
 Fi'des. 
 
 Molli'ties. 
 
 Sa'nies. 
 
 Sca'bies. 
 
 Spe'cies. 
 
 Spes. 
 
 Superfic'ies. 
 
 Indeclinable Nouns. 
 
 Some Pharmacopoeia! (Latinized) names are indeclinable : that is to say, the termi- 
 nation remains the same through all the cases: e.g. nom. Mati'co , gen. Mati'co , etc. : 
 hence the phrase, In/n'aum Mati’co , “infusion of matico:”|; so Al'cohol , Azed'arach, 
 Bu'chu (or Buc’co ), Cat'echu , Gus’so (or Koo8 r 8o), El'emi, Ki’no , Sa’go , Sas' sa/raa, 
 etc. Accordingly, we have Tinctu'ra Bu'chu , Tinctu'ra Cat'echu, XJnguen' turn El’emi, 
 Tinctu’ra Kino, etc. The gender of the greater number of these nouns would 
 seem to be undetermined; it is important, however, to observe that Alcohol is 
 always neuter; therefore we must say, Al'cohol Dilu’tum, Al'cohol For'tius, etc., 
 not Al'cohol Dilu’tus or For'tior. 
 
 Nouns of the Fifth Declension , declined in full. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Nom. Di'es, a day. 
 
 Gen. Die'i, of a day. 
 
 Dat. Die'i, to a day. 
 
 Acc. Di'em, a day. 
 
 Yoc. Di'es, day. 
 
 Abl. Di'e, in, with, or by a day. 
 Nom. Res, a thing. 
 
 Gen. Re'i, of a thing. 
 
 Dat. Re'i, to a thing. 
 
 Acc. Rem, a thing. 
 
 Yoc. Res, thing. 
 
 Abl. Re, in, with, or by a thing. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Nom. Di'es, days. 
 
 Gen. Die'rum, of days. 
 
 Dat. Die'bus, to days. 
 
 Acc. Di'es, days. 
 
 Voc. Di'es, days. 
 
 Abl. Die'bus, in, with , or by days. 
 Nom. Res, things. 
 
 Gen. Re'rum, of things. 
 
 Dat. Re'bus, to things. 
 
 Acc. Res, things. 
 
 Voc. Res, things. 
 
 Abl. Re'bus, in, with, or by things. 
 
 * Hence the phrases ma'nia a po'tu, “ madness from drinking;” in par'tu, “ in parturition 
 in si'tu , “in situation;” in tran'situ , “in passage;” pa'ri pas'su, “with an equal step or 
 pace,” — that is, “ proceeding side by side.” 
 
 f In stating that dies is usually masculine, it is simply meant that the Roman authors com- 
 monly join it with a masculine adjective. It is scarcely necessary to observe that this, like all 
 other questions relating to language, is to be decided by the usage of the best writers or speakers. 
 As an illustration of the power of usage, it may be remarked that in English the sun , in 
 poetical language, is always masculine, the moon always feminine; and any one would be 
 laughed at who should speak of the sun as “she” or the moon as “ he.” \ r et in German the 
 moon is always masculine and the sun always feminine. The onlj' explanation to be given 
 is that the usage of the language has made it so. 
 
 X Mati'ca, however, the Pharmacopteial name of the same substance (according to the British 
 Pharmacopoeia), is declinable, and belongs to the first declension, making the genitive in -as: 
 as, Infusum Maticse, Tinctura Matica-, etc. 
 
 670 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 Adjectives. 
 
 Latin adjectives may be divided into two great classes, namely, those of the first 
 and second declensions, and those of the third declension. 
 
 VIII. Adjectives of the first class have the masculine in -us, the feminine in -a, 
 and the neuter in -um, the feminine corresponding exactly to nouns of the first 
 declension; the masculine and neuter corresponding to nouns of the second declen- 
 sion in -us and -um respectively. Accordingly, if an adjective of this class — take 
 la'tus, “broad,” for example — is to be joined to a masculine noun, it retains its 
 first termination in -us (the usual form in which such words are given in the dic- 
 tionaries); if to a feminine noun, -its must be changed into-«y if to a neuter noun, 
 into -um : hence we have mus' cuius la'tus, a “broad muscle;” fas' era la'ta, a 
 “broad fascia;” ligamen'tum la' turn, a “broad ligament;” because runs' cuius is 
 masculine, fas'cia, feminine, and ligamen'tum, neuter. The cases of the adjec- 
 tives, both singular and plural, are in these examples formed precisely in the same 
 manner as the nouns to which they are joined. Accordingly we have in the 
 
 Genitive : 
 
 Mus'culi la'ti , “ of the broad muscle.” 
 
 Fas'cise. la'tse , “ of the broad fascia.” 
 
 Ligamen'ti la'ti , “ of the broad ligament.” 
 
 Ablative : 
 
 Mus'culo la'to, “with or in the broad 
 muscle.” 
 
 Fas'cid la'td , “with or in the broad fas- 
 cia.” 
 
 Ligamen'to la'to, “with or in the broad 
 ligament.” 
 
 In like manner, if the noun should be < 
 changes so as to correspond in gender an< 
 does not change according to the declension) 
 
 Nominative plural : 
 
 Mus'culi la'ti, “ broad muscles.” 
 
 Fas'cise la'tse , “ broad fasciae.” 
 
 Ligamen'ta la'ta, “ broad ligaments.” 
 
 Genitive plural : 
 
 Musculo'rum lato'rum, “ of the broad mus- 
 cles.” 
 
 Fascia'rum lata'rum, “of the broad fas- 
 ciae.” 
 
 Ligamento'rum lato'rum, “of the broad 
 ligaments.” 
 
 the third declension, the adjective 
 case as well as number (though it 
 
 Nominative singular : 
 
 Ten' do la'tus, a “ broad tendon.” 
 
 Cartila'go la'ta, a “ broad cartilage.” 
 
 Os la'tum, a “ broad bone.” 
 
 Genitive : 
 
 Ten'dinis la'ti , “of a broad tendon.” 
 Cartilag'inis la'tse , “ of a broad cartilage.” 
 Os'sis la'ti, “ of a broad bone.” 
 
 Ablative : 
 
 Ten' dine, la'to, “ with or in a broad tendon.” 
 Gartilag'ine la'td , “with or in a broad 
 cartilage.” 
 
 Os'se la'to, “ with or in a broad bone.” 
 
 Nominative plural : 
 
 Ten'dines la'ti, “ broad tendons.” 
 Cartilag'ines la'tse, “ broad cartilages.” 
 Os'sa la'ta, “ broad bones.” 
 
 Genitive plural : 
 
 Ten'dinum lato'rum , “ of broad tendons.” 
 Cartilag'inum lata'rum , “of broad carti- 
 lages.” 
 
 Os'sium lato'rum, “ of broad bones.” 
 Ablative plural : 
 
 Tendin'ibus la'tis, “ with broad tendons.” 
 Cartilagin'ibus la'tis, “with broad carti- 
 lages.” 
 
 Os'sibus la'tis, “ with broad bones.” 
 
 List of the most important Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions. 
 
 Acera'ceus, resembling 
 the maple. 
 
 Acer'bus, harsh. 
 Acet'icus, acetic. 
 Ag'idus, acid. 
 
 Acti'vus, active. 
 iE'quus, equal. 
 Aera'tus (part.*), aer- 
 ated. 
 
 ASthe'reus, ethereal. 
 
 Africa'nus, A frican. 
 
 Ai'dicus (or AS'dicus), 
 pertaining to the pu- 
 denda. 
 
 Al'bus, white. 
 
 Al'gidus, cold, or chill- 
 ed with cold. 
 
 Ama'rus, bitter. 
 
 America'nus, Ameri- 
 can. 
 
 Amoe'nus, pleasant. 
 
 Ariel la'tus, having 
 
 small rings. 
 
 An'glicus, English. 
 
 Annula'tus, annulat- 
 ed, having rings. 
 
 Anseri'nus, of or per- 
 taining to a goose. 
 
 Anti'cus, anterior. 
 
 Anti'quus, ancient. 
 
 Antisep'ticus, antisep- 
 tic. 
 
 Aquo'sus, aqueous. 
 
 Ar'duus, difficult, ar- 
 duous. 
 
 Ar'idus, arid, dry. 
 
 Articula'tus, articu- 
 lated. 
 
 Asiat'icus, Asiatic. 
 
 Aton'icus, atonic. 
 
 * Part., an abbreviation for “ participle.’ 
 
 671 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 Bo'nus, good. 
 
 Bovi'nus, of or per- 
 taining to an ox. 
 
 Brevis'siinus, shortest. 
 
 Calcina'tus (part.), 
 calcined. 
 
 Cal'idus, ivarm. 
 
 Cal'vus, bald. 
 
 Cau 'did us, white. 
 
 Cani'nus, canine. 
 
 Ca'nus, hoary or white. 
 
 Carbon'icus, carbonic. 
 
 Caus'ticns, caustic. 
 
 Ca'vus, hollow. 
 
 Cenot'icus, pertaining 
 to evacuations. 
 
 Chem'icus, chemical. 
 
 Cinchona'cens, resem- 
 bling the Cinchona. 
 
 Ciue'reus, ash-colored. 
 
 Cinet'icus, pertaining 
 to motion , or to the 
 muscles. 
 
 Cla'rus, clear. 
 
 Clin'icus, clinic. 
 
 Clusia'ceus, resembling 
 the Clusia. 
 
 Coeli'acus, coeliac. 
 
 Coniplex'us (part.), 
 complicated, complex. 
 
 Compos'itus (part.), 
 compound. 
 
 Con'cavus, concave. 
 
 Conci'sus (part.), 
 sliced , or cut into 
 small pieces. 
 
 Contu'sus (part.), 
 bruised. 
 
 Con vox 'us, convex. 
 
 Corda'tus, cordate. 
 
 Corrosi'vus, corrosive. 
 
 Crit'icus, critical. 
 
 Crucif'erus, cross- 
 bearing, or bearing 
 flowers having the 
 form of a cross. 
 
 Crystal! i'uus, crystal- 
 line. 
 
 Cur'vus, crooked. 
 
 Cuta'iieus, cutaneous. 
 
 DoQ'imus, tenth. 
 
 Demnla'tus (part ), de- 
 nuded. 
 
 Depura'tus (part.),2>w- 
 rifled. 
 
 Diffu'sus (part.), dif- 
 fuse, diffused. 
 
 Dil u'tus (part.), dilute, 
 diluted. 
 
 Diptera'ceus, resem- 
 
 bling the Diptero- 
 carpus. 
 
 Dissoc'tus (part.), dis- 
 sected. 
 
 Diur'nus, diurnal. 
 Domes'ticus, domestic. 
 Dras'ticus, drastic. 
 Du'rus, hard. 
 Dynam'icus, dynamic. 
 Eolec'ticus, eclectic. 
 Elas'tieus, elastic. 
 Elec'trieus, electric. 
 Epidem'ieus, epidemic. 
 Equi'nus, equine. 
 
 ! Ennli'tus (part.), in- 
 structed, learned. 
 Europae'us, European. 
 Y&Ysws, false. 
 Farino'sus, mealy. 
 
 Fo b rifugu s. febrifuge. 
 Feli'uus, feline. 
 Finit'imus, neighbor- 
 ing. 
 
 Fix 'us (part .), fixed. 
 Fla'vus, yellow. 
 
 Flor'id us, flowery. 
 Flu'idus, 
 
 Foet'idus, stinking. 
 Ful'vus, tawny. 
 
 Fu'sus, fused. 
 Gal'licus, French. 
 
 Gal van 'ic us, galvanic. 
 Gas'tricus, gastric. 
 Geni'inus, double. 
 Gener'icus, generic. 
 Glau'cus, gray or glau- 
 cous. 
 
 Gramina'ceus, resem- 
 bling grass. 
 
 Gra'tus, pleasing, pa- 
 latable. 
 
 Grav'idus, pregnant. 
 Haemat'icus, hmnatic. 
 Ilec'ticus, hectic. 
 Ilepat'icus, hepatic. 
 Huma'nus, human. 
 Hyber'mis, wintry. 
 Idiopatli'icus, idio- 
 
 pathic. 
 
 Ili'aeus, iliac. 
 Imagina'rius, imagin- 
 ary. 
 
 Iinpu'rus, impure. 
 Iu'dicus, Indian, or be- 
 longing to India. 
 Inflam ma'tus, in- 
 
 flamed. 
 
 Inuomina'tus, un- 
 
 named. 
 
 Insa'uus, insane. 
 
 Inten'sus, intense. 
 Inval'idus, invalid. 
 Involunta'rius, invo- 
 luntary. 
 
 Iod'icus, iodic. 
 Irida'ceus, resembling 
 the. Iris. 
 
 Isomor'phus, isomor- 
 phous. 
 
 Lac'ticus, lactic. 
 Lar'gus, broad or large. 
 Latis'simus, broadest. 
 La'tus, broad. 
 Laura'ceus, resembling 
 the. Laurus. 
 
 Lax'us, loose. 
 Lilia'ceus, resembling 
 the lily. 
 
 Liq'uidus. liquid. 
 Liv'idus, livid. 
 Loba'tus, lobed. 
 Longis'simus, longest. 
 Lon'gus, long. 
 
 Lo'tus (part.), washed. 
 Lu'eidus, lucid. 
 Lymphat'icus, lym- 
 phatic. 
 
 Ma griet'icus, magnetic. 
 Mag'nus, great. 
 Mal'icus, malic. 
 Ma'lns, evil, bad. 
 Malva'ceus, resem- 
 bling the Malva. 
 Mari t'inius, maritime. 
 Mas'culns, masculine. 
 Matu'rus, mature. 
 Max'imus, greatest. 
 Modia'nus, median. 
 Mod'icus, medical. 
 Min'imus, least. 
 Mor'bidus, morbid. 
 Mul'tus, many. 
 
 M uriat'icus, muriatic. 
 Myrta'ceus, resem- 
 bling the. myrtle. 
 Narcot'icus, narcotic. 
 Nervo'sus, nervous. 
 Nourot'icus, neurotic. 
 Ni'tricus, nitric. 
 Noctur'nus, nocturnal. 
 No'uus, ninth. 
 
 No'vus, new. 
 Obli'quus, oblique.. 
 Obscu'rus, obscure. 
 Occul'tus, occult. 
 Octa'vus, eighth. 
 Odo'rus, odorous, fra- 
 grant. 
 
 Olea'ceus, resembling 
 the Olea {olive). 
 
 Opa'cus, opaque. 
 
 Op'ticus, optic, optical , 
 
 Op'timus, best. 
 
 Orchida'cous, resent, 
 bfing the Orchis. 
 
 Organ'icus, organic. 
 
 Oxal'icus, oxalic. 
 
 Pal'lidus, pallid, pale. 
 
 Papa ve ra 'co u s , resent' 
 bling the poppy 
 
 Parotide'us, parotid. 
 
 Parti 'tus (part.), di- 
 vided. 
 
 Par'vus, small . 
 
 Pathet'icus, pathetic. 
 
 Pau'cus, plu. Paa'ci, 
 few 
 
 Pellu'cidus, pellucid. 
 
 Perac'tus (part.), fin- 
 ished or completed. 
 
 Perfora'tus (part.), 
 perforated. 
 
 Peristal't-icus, peri- 
 staltic. 
 
 Perona?'us, peroneal. 
 
 Phospbor'icus, phos- 
 phoric. 
 
 Phys'icus, physical. 
 
 Pi 'ecus, of pitch. 
 
 Pinna'tus, pinnate. 
 
 Pla'nus, plane, flat. 
 
 Pneumat'icus, pneu- 
 matic. 
 
 P n eu mon'icus, pneu- 
 monic. 
 
 Poma'ceus, resembling 
 the apple. 
 
 Posti'cus, posterior. 
 
 Pnecipita'tus (part.), 
 precipitated. 
 
 Prmpara'tus (part.), 
 prepared. 
 
 Praescrip'tus (part.), 
 prescribed or direct- 
 ed. 
 
 Pri'nius , first. 
 
 Profun'dus, deep, pro- 
 found. 
 
 Pulmou'icus, pulmo- 
 nic. 
 
 Purifica'tus (part.), 
 purified. 
 
 Purpu'reus, purple. 
 
 Pu'rus, pure. 
 
 Pyroc'ticus, relating to 
 pyrexia. 
 
 Qnadra'tus, square. 
 
 Quan'tus, as much as. 
 
 Quarta'nus, quartan. 
 
 Quar'tus, fourth. 
 
 Example of an Adjective of the First and Second Declensions ending in -us, declined in full. 
 
 
 
 Singular. 
 
 
 
 
 Plural. 
 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Ncut. 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 La'tus, 
 
 la'ta, 
 
 la'tum (broad). 
 
 Nom. 
 
 La'ti, 
 
 la'ta?, 
 
 la'ta. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 La'ti, 
 
 la'tae, 
 
 la'ti. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Lato'rum, 
 
 lata'rum, 
 
 lato'rum. 
 
 Bat. 
 
 La'to, 
 
 la'tae, 
 
 la'to. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 La'tis, 
 
 la'tis, 
 
 la'tis. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 La'tum, 
 
 la'tam, 
 
 la'tum. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 La'tos, 
 
 la'tas, 
 
 la'ta. 
 
 Voc. 
 
 La'te, 
 
 la'ta, 
 
 la'tum. 
 
 Voc. 
 
 La'ti, 
 
 la'tae, 
 
 la'ta. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 La'to, 
 
 la'ta, 
 
 la'to. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 La'tis, 
 
 la'tis, 
 
 la'tis. 
 
 In like manner are declined all adjectives and participles ending in -us, ex epting u'nus , 
 a'lius (“other”), nul'lus, so'lus, to'tus, and ul'lus. See page 676. 
 
 672 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 Quin'tu s, fifth. 
 
 Quotidia'nus, daily. 
 
 Rab'idus, rabid. 
 
 Ranuneula'eeus, re- 
 sembling the Ranun- 
 culus. 
 
 Recti fica'tus (part.), 
 rectified. 
 
 Ree'tus, straight. 
 
 lledac'tus (part.), re- 
 duced. 
 
 Reflex'us (part.), re- 
 flected, reflexed, or 
 reflex. 
 
 Rlieumat'icus, rheu- 
 matic. 
 
 Rig'idus, rigid. 
 
 Rotuu'dus, round. 
 
 Sali'nus, saline. 
 
 Saliva'rins, salivary. 
 
 Sanguin'eus, sanguine- 
 ous. 
 
 Sa'nus, sound, sane. 
 
 Sati'vus, cultivated. 
 
 Scnle'nus, scalene. 
 Sciat'icus, sciatic. 
 Sclerot'icus, sclerotic. 
 Secre'tus, secreted. 
 Secun'dus. second. 
 Sedati'vus, sedative. 
 Sep'ticus, septic. 
 Sep'timus, seventh. 
 Serra'tus, serrate. 
 Scx'tus, sixth. 
 
 Sic'cus, dry. 
 
 Sol'idus, solid. 
 
 Sol'itus. usual. 
 
 Somnif 'erus, sleep-pro- 
 ducing. 
 
 Spasniod'icus, spas- 
 modic. 
 
 Spermat'icus, sper- 
 matic. 
 
 Spino'sus, thorny. 
 Spouta'neus, sponta- 
 neous. 
 
 Spu'rius, spurious. 
 Sublima'tus (part.), 
 
 sublimed or subli- 
 mated. 
 
 Sulphu'ricus, sul- 
 phuric. 
 
 Sur'dus, deaf. 
 
 Sympathet'icus, sym- 
 pathetic. 
 
 Tan'tus, so much. 
 
 Tep'idus, tepid. 
 
 Tertia'nus, tertian. 
 
 Ter'tius, third. 
 
 ThoraQ'icus, thoracic. 
 
 T'mcto'r'xws, pertaining 
 to dyers, or dyeing. 
 
 Transver'sus, trans- 
 verse. 
 
 Trigem'inus, triple. 
 
 Ul'timus, last, final. 
 
 Us'tus (part.), burnt or 
 calcined. 
 
 Val'idus, valid, strong. 
 
 Va'nus, vain. 
 
 Va'rius, vanous. 
 
 Va'rus, bow-legged. 
 
 Yencna'tus, envenomed 
 Vertebra'tus, verte- 
 brated. 
 
 Ve'rus, true. 
 Vesicato'rius, causing 
 blisters. 
 
 Yirginia'nus, Virgin- 
 ian. 
 
 Adjectives in -er. 
 
 iE'ger, sick. 
 
 As'pcr, rough. 
 
 Cre'ber, frequent. 
 Gla'ber, smooth. 
 In'teger, vjhole, entire 
 La'cer, torn, lacerated 
 Ma'cer, lean. 
 
 Ni'ger, black. 
 Pul'clier, beautiful. 
 Ru'ber, red. 
 
 Sa'cer, sacred. 
 
 Sca'ber, rough. 
 
 Te'uer, tender. 
 
 IX. Adjectives of the third declension are generally declined in all respects like 
 nouns of the third declension having the same termination and gender: thus, adjec- 
 tives in -is (as mi'tis, “mild”) are declined like cri'nis, except that they have the 
 ablative singular in -i ; those in -e, like re'te ; those in -ns ( e.g . ar'dens , “burning”), 
 like dens ; those in -ex (as sim’ple. r, “simple”), like a'pex, etc. (See page 665.) 
 
 This class of adjectives may be conveniently subdivided into two sections: 
 1. Those ending in -is having the neuter in -e : as, abdomina'lis , “abdominal;” 
 labia' lis, “labial;” orbicula'ris, “circular,” etc. 2. Those terminating in two con- 
 sonants: as, astrin'gens (“astringent”), ser'pens (“creeping”), medica'trix * (“heal- 
 ing”), etc. 
 
 X. Those of the first section have the masculine and feminine alike, with the 
 
 Example of an Adjective of the First and Second Declensions in -er, declined in full, f 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Ru'ber, 
 
 ru'bra, 
 
 ru'brum (red). 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Ru'bri, 
 
 ru'bra?, 
 
 ru'bri. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Ru'bro, 
 
 ru'bra?, 
 
 ru'bro. 
 
 Aec. 
 
 Ru'brum, 
 
 ru'bram, 
 
 ru'brum. 
 
 Voe. 
 
 Ru'ber, 
 
 ru'bra, 
 
 ru'brum. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Ru'bro, 
 
 ru'bra, 
 
 ru'bro. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Masc. Fern. Neut. 
 
 Nom. Ru'bri, ru'bra?, ru'bra. 
 
 Gen. Rubro'rum, rubra'rum, rubro'rura. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Ru'bris, 
 
 ru'bris, 
 
 ru'bris. 
 
 Arc. 
 
 Ru'bros, 
 
 ru'bras, 
 
 ru'bra. 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 Ru'bri, 
 
 ru'bra?, 
 
 ru'bra. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Ru'bris, 
 
 ru'bris, 
 
 ru'bris. 
 
 Example of an Adjective of the Third Declension , declined in full. 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 Masc. Fein. Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut. 
 
 Nom. Mi'tis, 
 
 mi'tis, 
 
 mi'tc (mild). 
 
 Nom. Mi'tes, 
 
 mi'tes, 
 
 mitia (mish'e-a). 
 
 Gen 
 
 Mi'tis, 
 
 mi'tis, 
 
 mi'tis. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Mit'ium, 
 
 mit'ium, 
 
 mit'ium (rnish'e- 
 iim). 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Mi'ti, 
 
 mi'ti, 
 
 mi'ti. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Mit'ibus, 
 
 mit'ibus, 
 
 mit'ibus. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Mi 'tern, 
 
 mi'tem, 
 
 mi'te. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Mi'tes, 
 
 mi'tes, 
 
 mit'ia. 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 Mi'tis, 
 
 mi'tis, 
 
 mi'te. 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 Mi'tes, 
 
 mi'tes, 
 
 mit'ia. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Mi'ti, 
 
 mi'ti, 
 
 mi'ti. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Mit'ibus, 
 
 mit'ibus, 
 
 mit'ibus. 
 
 * X is properly a double consonant, being composed of cs (or ks ). Compare the English 
 word small-pox, formerly written small pocks. 
 
 f In like mauner are declined nearly all adjectives in -er ; but as'per, la'cer, and te'ner 
 take an additional syllable in the feminine and neuter gender, and in the cases after the nomi- 
 native : as, laf'era, lap'erum, lae'eri, etc. (not lac'ra, lac' rum). For Al'ter, see page 676. 
 
 57* 673 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 genitive like the nominative masculine (or feminine), the neuter nominative end- 
 ing always in -e. These adjectives are very numerous, and are constantly met with 
 in anatomical and botanical names: as, carun'cula (f.) lachryma' lis, the “lachrymal 
 caruncle ;” mus' cuius (m.) orbicula'ris, or simply orbicula'ris, the “circular mus- 
 cle;” os (n.) orbicula’re, “orbicular hone;” os lachryma* le , “lachrymal bone;” 
 Sanguina'ria (f.) Canaden' sis (“ bloodroot”), As* arum (n.) Canaden’ se (“Canada 
 snakeroot, or wild ginger”). It will be seen by the foregoing examples that 
 adjectives in -is are applied indifferently to masculine and feminine nouns, but if 
 applied to neuter nouns the termination changes to -e. 
 
 List of the most important Adjectives of the Third Declension, 
 
 Abdomina'lis, abdom- 
 inal. 
 
 Abnor'mis, abnormal. 
 
 Aborig'enis, abori- 
 
 ginal. 
 
 Acau'lis, stemless. 
 
 Accidenta'lis, acci- 
 dental. 
 
 Accli'vis, sloping up- 
 wards. 
 
 A'cris, sharp. 
 
 Agres'tis, belonging to 
 a field, growing in 
 the fields. 
 
 Ala'ris, wing-like. 
 
 Albuminen'sis, per- 
 taining to albumen , 
 containing albumen. 
 
 Alluvia'lis, alluvial. 
 
 Angula'ris, angular. 
 
 Aniina'lis, animal. 
 
 Annula'ris, annular. 
 
 Antifebri'lis, antifeb- 
 rile. 
 
 Aroifor'mis, arciform. 
 
 Areola'ris, areolar. 
 
 Armilla'ris, armillary. 
 
 Arsenica'lis, arsenical. 
 
 Arteria'lis, arterial. 
 
 Articula'ris, articu- 
 lar. 
 
 Arven'sis, growing in 
 fields. 
 
 Auricula'ris, auricu- 
 lar. 
 
 Austra'lis, southern. 
 
 Axilla'ris, axillary. 
 
 Bilia'ris, biliary. 
 
 Borea'lis, northern. 
 
 Brachia'lis, brachial. 
 
 Br e'vis, short. 
 
 Bron chia'lis, bron- 
 chial. 
 
 Bul'liens, boiling. 
 
 Campes'tris, growing 
 in a plain. 
 
 Canarlen'sis, Canadian. 
 
 Capilla'ris, capillary. 
 
 Capita'lis, belonging to 
 the. head , capital. 
 
 Castren'sis, of camps. 
 
 Cauda'lis, caudal. 
 
 Cellula'ris, cellular. 
 
 Centra'lis, central. 
 
 Cerea'lfc, cereal. 
 
 Cerebra'lis, cerebral. 
 
 Cervica'lis, cervical. 
 
 674 
 
 Chinen-sis. Chinese. 
 CiliaTis, ciliary. 
 Columna'ris, columnar 
 Coinmu'nis, common. 
 Con'color (gen. Con- 
 colo'ris), of one ( or 
 the same ) color. 
 Contrac'tilis, contract- 
 ile. 
 
 Cordia'lis, cordial. 
 Corona'lis, coronal. 
 Corpuscula'ris, cor- 
 puscular. 
 
 Cortiea'lis, cortical. 
 Costa'lis, costal. 
 Crania'lis, cranial. 
 Crura'li s, crural. 
 Decli'vis, descending. 
 Denta'lis, dental . 
 Digita'lis, digital. 
 Dorsa'lis, dorsal. 
 
 Due 'til is, ductile. 
 Dul'cis, sweet. 
 Ebul'lieus, boiling. 
 Erec'tilis, erectile. 
 Exuvia'lis, exuvial. 
 Facia'lis, facial. 
 Fascia'lis, fascial. 
 Febri'lis, febrile. 
 Femora'lis, femoral. 
 Fer'tilis, fertile. 
 Fer'vens, hot , or boil- 
 ing. 
 
 Filifor'mis.ydi/onn. 
 Fis'silis,yissi7<?. 
 Flex'ilis .flexile. 
 Flora'lis, jdoraZ. 
 Fluvia'lis, yZimaZ. 
 Fluviat'ilis, fluvialile. 
 Fceta'lis , fetal. 
 
 Fos'sil is, /ossiZ. 
 
 Frag'il is, fragile. 
 Fronta'Iis, frontal. 
 Genita'lis, genital. 
 Gra§'ilis, slender , soft. 
 Gran'dis, great. 
 Gramila'ris, granular . 
 Gra'vis, heavy , severe. 
 IRema'lis, hsemal. 
 Ilorizonta'lis, horizon- 
 tal. 
 
 Humera'lis, humeral. 
 Ilumora'lis, humoral. 
 Hyema'lis, wintry. 
 Imbe^'ilis, imbecile. 
 Immob'ilis, immova- 
 ble. 
 
 Iner'mis, unarmed. 
 
 Infanti'lis, infantile. 
 
 Inflaniinab'ilis, in- 
 flammable. 
 
 Infraniaxilla'ris, in- 
 framaxillary. 
 
 Infrascapula'ris, in- 
 frascapular. 
 
 I ugu i n a'lis, inguinal. 
 
 Intercal'aris, intercal- 
 ary. 
 
 Intercosta'lis, inter- 
 costal. 
 
 Interspina'lis, inter- 
 spinal. 
 
 Interstitial is, inter- 
 stitial 
 
 Intervertebra'lis, in- 
 tervertebral. 
 
 Intestina'lis, intes- 
 tinal. 
 
 J ugulaTis, jugular. 
 
 Labia'lis, labial. 
 
 Lachryma'lis, lachry- 
 mal. 
 
 Lactea'lis, lacteal. 
 
 Larva'lis, larval. 
 
 Latera'lis, lateral. 
 
 Letha'lis, lethal. 
 
 Linea'ris, linear. 
 
 Littora'lis, littoral. 
 
 Lobula'ris, lobular. 
 
 Loca'lis, local. 
 
 LoculaTis, locular. 
 
 Lumba'ris, lumbar. 
 
 Luna'ris, lunar. 
 
 Magistra'lis, magis- 
 tral. 
 
 Mala'ris, malar. 
 
 Marnmilla'ris, mam- 
 millary. 
 
 MaiulibulaTis, man- 
 dibular. 
 
 Margina'lis, marginal. 
 
 Maxilla'ris, maxillary. 
 
 Medicina'lis, medi- 
 
 cinal. 
 
 Medulla'ris, medul- 
 lary. 
 
 Menstrua'lis, men- 
 
 strual. 
 
 Menta'lis, mental. 
 
 Mercuria'lis, mercu- 
 rial. 
 
 Meridionals, merid- 
 ional. 
 
 Minera'lis, mineral. 
 
 Mi'tis, mild. 
 
 Mola'ris, molar. 
 
 Mulie'bris, pertaining 
 to women, female. 
 
 Multicau'lis, having 
 many stems. 
 
 Muscula'ris, muscular. 
 
 Nasa'lis. nasal. 
 
 Natura'lis, natural. 
 
 Neura'lis, neural. 
 
 Neutra'lis, neutral. 
 
 Nob'ilis, noble. 
 
 Nodula'ris, nodular. 
 
 Occidenta'lis, occiden- 
 tal. 
 
 Occipita'lis, occipital. 
 
 Officiiia'lis, officinal. 
 
 Ora'lis, oral. 
 
 Orbicula'ris, circular . 
 
 Orbita'lis, orbital. 
 
 Orientals, oriental. 
 
 Ova'lis, oval. 
 
 Palnia'ris, palmar. 
 
 Palus'tris, belonging to 
 swamps ; growing in 
 swamps. 
 
 Papilla'ris, papillary. 
 
 Parieta'lis, parietal. 
 
 Pectina'lis, like a 
 comb. 
 
 Pectora'lis, pectoral. 
 
 Peren'nis, perennial . 
 
 Peri nasa'lis, perimeal. 
 
 Permeab'ilis, perme- 
 able. 
 
 Placenta'Iis, placental. 
 
 Planta'ris, plantar. 
 
 Pluvia'lis, pluvial. 
 
 Pocula'ris, pocular. 
 
 Pola'ris, polar. 
 
 Porten'sis, belonging to 
 Oporto, in Portugal. 
 
 Potentials, potential. 
 
 Praten'sis, growing in 
 meadows. 
 
 Prehen'silis, prehen- 
 sile. 
 
 Primordia'lis, primor- 
 dial. 
 
 Puerpera'lis, puerpc 
 ral. 
 
 Pulmona'ris, pulmo- 
 nary. 
 
 Pyrarnida'lis, pyram- 
 idal. 
 
 Quadrangula'ris^wad* 
 
 rangular. 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 Quadr* latera'lis, quad- 
 rilateral. 
 
 Radia'lis, radial. 
 
 Radical is, radical. 
 
 Rationa'lis, rational 
 
 Rectangula'ris, rect- 
 angular. 
 
 Rena'lis, renal. 
 
 Renifor'mis, reniform. 
 
 Retrae'tilis, retractile. 
 
 Rhomboida'lis, rhom- 
 boidal. 
 
 Riva'lis, growing in or 
 near a stream. 
 
 Rupes'tris, growing on 
 rocks. 
 
 Saliva'ris, salivary. 
 
 Saluta'ris, salutary. 
 
 Saxat'ilis, growing in 
 rocky places. 
 
 Scapula'ris, scapular. 
 
 Semiluua'ris, semilu- 
 nar. 
 
 Semina'lis, seminal. 
 
 Seni'lis, senile. 
 
 Ses'silis, sessile. 
 
 Solu'bilis, soluble. 
 
 Spectab'ilis, admira- 
 ble, worth seeing. 
 
 Spherica'lis, spherical. 
 
 Spina'lis, spinal. 
 
 Spit a'l is, spiral. 
 
 Stand na'l is, staminal. 
 
 Ster'ilis, sterile. 
 
 Siia'vis, sweet , agreea- 
 ble. 
 
 Subli'mis, superficial , 
 high. 
 
 Sylves'tris, growing in 
 forests, sylvan. 
 
 Synovia'lis, synovial. 
 
 Tempora'lis, tempo- 
 ral. 
 
 Termina'lis, terminal. 
 
 Tex'tilis. textile. 
 
 Therma'lis, thermal. 
 
 Tibia'lis, tibial. 
 
 Trachea'Iis, tracheal. 
 
 Transversa'lis, trans- 
 verse. 
 
 Triangula'ris, triangu- 
 lar. 
 
 Trifacia'lis, trifacial. 
 
 Tri via'lis, trivial. 
 
 Tubercula'ris, tuber- 
 cular. 
 
 Umbilica'lis, umbilical 
 
 Unguina'lis, unguinal. 
 
 Yascula'ris, vascular. 
 
 Ventra'lis, ventral. 
 
 A'ersat'ilis, versatile. 
 
 Vcrsic'olor (gen. Ver- 
 sicolo'ris), having 
 various colors. 
 
 Yettebra'lis, vertebral. 
 
 Yiab'ilis, viable. 
 
 Yir'idis, green. 
 
 Yiri'lis, of or pertain- 
 ing to a man. 
 
 Yiscera'lis, visceral. 
 
 Yita'lis, vital. 
 
 Volat'ilis, volatile. 
 
 Adjectives belonging to the second section ( i.e . ending in two consonants) have 
 the masculine, feminine, and neuter alike both in the nominative and genitive: as, 
 mo r' bus ser'pens , a “creeping disease ;” a'rea ser'pens ,* a “creeping baldness;” 
 animal ser’pens, a “creeping animal.” In the genitive, we should have mor'bi 
 serpen’ tis, “of a creeping disease;” a’rete seipen'tis, “of a creeping baldness;” 
 anima’lis serpen' tis, “of a creeping animal. ”f 
 
 Adjectives of the third declension form the masculine and feminine plural by 
 changing -is of the genitive singular into -es, and the neuter by changing it into 
 -in: e.g, inns' cuius ala'ris , a “winged or wing-shaped muscle;” ve'na ala'ris, a 
 “winged vein;” os ala re, a “winged bone;” nom. pi. mus’culi ala' res, “winged 
 muscles;” ve'nse ala' res, “winged veins;” os'sa ala' via, “winged bones.” The geni- 
 tive plural ends in -turn in all three genders: e.g. musculo' rum ala'rium, “of 
 winged muscles:” vena' rum ala'rium, “of winged veins;” os'sium ala'rium, “of 
 winged bones” (see Alaris and Alares, in the dictionary). In like manner, we 
 should have, in the plural, mor'bi seipen'tes, “creeping diseases;” ve'nse serpen' les, 
 “creeping or winding veins;” anima'lia serpen'iia, “creeping animals.” 
 
 Comparison of Adjectives. 
 
 Adjectives of the comparative degree are of the third declension; they have the 
 masculine and feminine termination in -or (declined like humor: see example on 
 page 665) : e.g. mi' tis, “mild,” has mi’tior in the comparative; hence, ty'pihus mi'fior, 
 
 Example of an Adjective ( participle ) of the Third Declension in -ns, declined in full. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Plural 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Ser'pens, 
 
 ser'pens. 
 
 ser'pens, 
 
 winding. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Serpen'tis, 
 
 serpen'tis, 
 
 serpen'tis. 
 
 Pat. 
 
 Serpen'ti, 
 
 serpen'ti, 
 
 serpen'ti. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Serpen'tem, 
 
 serpen'tem, 
 
 ser'pens. 
 
 Voc. 
 
 Ser'pens, 
 
 ser'pens, 
 
 ser'pens. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Serpen'te, 
 
 serpen'te, 
 
 serpen'te. 
 
 Masc. Fem. Neut. 
 
 Nom. Serpen'tes, serpen'tes, serpen'tia. 
 Gen. Serpen'tium, serpen'tium, serpen'tium 
 
 (contracted serpen'tum or serpen'tfim). 
 Dat. Serpen 'tibus, serpen'tibus, serpen'tibus. 
 Acc. Serpen'tes, serpen'tes, serpen'tia. 
 Voc. Serpen'tes, serpen'tes, serpen'tia. 
 Abl. Serpen'tibus, serpen'tibus, serpen'tibus. 
 
 * A term used by Celsus for a form of baldness the progress of which was supposed to 
 resemble the creeping or winding of a serpent. See Ophiasis, in the dictionary. 
 
 + Nearly all adjectives of this termination (-ns) are in fact participles: thus, astrin'gens, 
 “astringent,” is the present participle of astrin'go, to “ bind,” to “contract;” emoVliens , “emol- 
 lient,” is derived in like manner from emol’lio, to “soften;” demuVcens , “demulcent,” from de- 
 mul'ceo, to “soothe,” etc.: likewise the examples previously given: viz., ai J dens, “burning,” 
 fer'vens, “boiling,” and ser'pens, “creeping,” are from ar'deo, to “burn,” fer'veo, to “boil,” to 
 “ be hot,” and str'po, to “ creep,” respectively. 
 
 675 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 * milder typhus.” In like manner for'tis, “strong,” has in the comparative for'tior , 
 “stronger;” gra'vis, “heavy,” “severe,” makes yra’vior , “severer;” ten'uis , “thin,” 
 or “weak,” makes ten'uior , “weaker,” and so on. Several adjectives form the com- 
 parative irregularly, but it always terminates in -or, and is declined as above stated: 
 e.g. mag'nus , “ great,” has for its comparative, ma'jor , “ greater ;” par'vus, “ little,” has 
 mi' nor, “less;” bo'nus, “good,” me'lior, “better;” ma'lus , “bad,” pe'jor, “worse.” 
 The neuter is always formed by changing the masculine and feminine termination 
 (-or) into -us: as, mi'tius, gra'vius, for' tius, ma'jus , mi' mis, me'lius, inf e' riiis, supe'- 
 rius : hence, la' bium inf e’rius, “lower lip;” la'bium supe'rius, “upper lip;” al'cohol 
 for'tius, “stronger alcohol.” The genitive, dative, and ablative neuter are the 
 same as the masculine: as, la'bii inferio'ris, “of the lower lip;” cum al'cohol for- 
 io're , “ with stronger alcohol.” 
 
 The superlative degree of Latin adjectives usually terminates in - issimus : as,, 
 mitis'simus , “mildest;” gravis' simiis, “ severest;” fortis'simus, “strongest;” latis'- 
 8imu8 , “broadest” (from la'tus, “broad”); but most of those adjectives (viz. mag f - 
 fluff, par'vus, etc.) which have an irregular comparative, form the superlative also 
 irregularly: as, max'imus, “greatest;” min'imus , “least;” op'timus , “best;” pes'si - 
 mu8 , “worst.” Su' perus, “high,” makes supre'mus (or sum'mus), “highest;” in'ferus , 
 “low,” in'fimus (or i'mus ), “lowest.” 
 
 Trigin'ta, thirty. 
 Quadragin'ta, forty. 
 Quinquagin'ta, fifty. 
 Sexagin'ta, sixty. 
 Septuagin'ta, seventy. 
 Octogin'ta, eighty. 
 Nonagin'ta, ninety. 
 Cen'tum, a hundred . 
 Mil'le, a thousand. 
 
 Unus, “ one.”* 
 
 Singular. Singular. 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut 
 
 Nom. U'nus, 
 
 u'na, 
 
 u'num. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 U'num, 
 
 u'narn, 
 
 u'num. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Uni'us, 
 
 uni'us, 
 
 uni'us. 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 U'ne, 
 
 u'na, 
 
 u'num. 
 
 Pat. 
 
 U'ni, 
 
 u'ni, 
 
 u'ni. 
 
 | Abl. 
 
 U'no, 
 
 u'na, 
 
 u'no. 
 
 
 
 Duo , “two. 
 
 
 
 
 Tres , “three.” 
 
 
 
 Plural. 
 
 
 
 
 Plural. 
 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Nom. Du'o, 
 
 du'ae, 
 
 duk>. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Tres, 
 
 tres, 
 
 tri'a. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Duo'rum, 
 
 dua'rum, 
 
 duo'rum. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Tri'um, 
 
 tri'um, 
 
 tri'um. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Duo'bus, 
 
 dua'bus, 
 
 duo'bus. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 TriTius, 
 
 tri'bus, 
 
 tri'bus. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Du'os, or 
 
 du'as, 
 
 du'o. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Tres, 
 
 tres, 
 
 tri'a. 
 
 
 du'o, 
 
 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 Tres, 
 
 tres, 
 
 tri'a. 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 Du'o, 
 
 du'ae, 
 
 du'o. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Tri'bus, 
 
 tri'bus, 
 
 tri'bus. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Duo'bus, 
 
 dua'bus, 
 
 dua'bus. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alter, “another.” 
 
 
 
 
 
 Singular. 
 
 
 
 
 Plural. 
 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Al'ter, 
 
 al'tera, 
 
 al'terum. 
 
 Nom. Al'teri, 
 
 al'terae. 
 
 al'tera. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Alteri'us, 
 
 alteri'us, 
 
 alteri'us. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 A1 tero'rum,al t era'rum, al tero'n 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Al'teri, 
 
 al'teri, 
 
 al'teri. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Al'teris, 
 
 al'teris, 
 
 al'teris. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Al'terum, 
 
 al'teram, 
 
 al'terum. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Al'teros, 
 
 al'teras, 
 
 al'tera. 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 Al'ter, 
 
 al'tera, 
 
 al'terum. 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 Al'teri, 
 
 al'terae, 
 
 al'tera. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Al'tero, 
 
 al'tera, 
 
 al'tero. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Al'teris, 
 
 al'teris, 
 
 al'teris. 
 
 U'nus, one. 
 
 Du'o, two. 
 
 Tres, three. 
 Qua'tuor, four. 
 Quin'que, Jive. 
 Sex, six. 
 
 Sep'tem, seven. 
 Oc'to, eight. 
 No'vem, nine. 
 De'cem, ten. 
 Un'decim, eleven. 
 
 Numeral Adjectives. 
 
 Duod'ecim, twelve. 
 
 Tred'ecim, thirteen. 
 Quatuor'decim, fourteen. 
 Quin'decim, fifteen. 
 
 Sex'decim, sixteen. 
 Septen'decim, seventeen. 
 Octod'ecim, eighteen. 
 Novem'decim, nineteen. 
 Yigin'ti, twenty. 
 
 Yigin'ti u'nus, or) . . 
 
 U'nus et vigin'ti, f twent y-° m ' 
 
 * To'tus, the “whole,” nul'lus, “no,” so'lus , “alone,” and ul'lus, “any,” are declined in the 
 same manner. 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 Pronouns, 
 
 Is, ea, id, “he,” “she,” or “it.” 
 
 
 
 Singular. 
 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Nom. Is, 
 
 e'a, 
 
 id, 
 
 Gen. 
 
 E'jus, 
 
 e'jus, 
 
 e'jus, 
 
 Dat. 
 
 E'i, 
 
 e'i, 
 
 e'i, 
 
 Acc. 
 
 E'um, 
 
 e'am, 
 
 id, 
 
 Voc. 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Abl. 
 
 E'o, 
 
 e'a, 
 
 e'o, 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Hie, 
 
 haec, 
 
 hoc, this. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Ilu'jus, 
 
 hu'jus, 
 
 hu'jus, of this. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Huic, 
 
 huic, 
 
 huic (pron. hik), 
 
 
 to or for this. 
 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Hunc, 
 
 hanc, 
 
 hoc, this. 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 Hie, 
 
 haec, 
 
 hoc, this. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Hoc, 
 
 hac, 
 
 hoc, in, by, or 
 
 
 
 
 with this. 
 
 Nom. Qui, 
 
 quae, 
 
 quod, 
 
 
 who or which. 
 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Cu'j us, 
 
 cu'j us, 
 
 cu'j us, 
 
 
 whose or of which. 
 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Cui, 
 
 cui, 
 
 cui (pron. ki), 
 
 
 to whom or to which. 
 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Quem, 
 
 quam, 
 
 quod, 
 
 Voc 
 
 whom or which. 
 
 
 Abl.* 
 
 Quo, 
 
 qua, 
 
 quo, 
 
 
 in, by, or with whom 
 
 or which. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Nom. I'i, 
 
 e'ae, 
 
 e'a. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Eo'rum, 
 
 ea'rum. 
 
 eo'rum. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 E'is, or i'is, 
 
 e'is, or i'is, 
 
 e'is, or i'is. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 E'os, 
 
 e'as, 
 
 e'a. 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Abl. 
 
 E'is, or i'is, 
 
 e'is, or i'is, 
 
 e'is, or i'is. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Hi, 
 
 hae, 
 
 haec, these. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Ho'rurn, 
 
 lia'rum, 
 
 ha'rum, of these. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 His, 
 
 his, 
 
 his, to or foi 
 these. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 IIos, 
 
 has, 
 
 haec, these. 
 
 Voc. 
 
 Hi, 
 
 hae, 
 
 haec, these. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 His, 
 
 his, 
 
 his, in, by, or with 
 these. 
 
 Nom. Qui, 
 
 quae, 
 
 quae, 
 
 
 who or which. 
 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Quo'rum, qua'rum, 
 whose or of which. 
 
 qua'rum, 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Qui'bus, 
 
 qui'bus, 
 
 qui'bus, 
 
 
 to whom or to which. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Qui, 
 
 quae, 
 
 quae, 
 
 
 whom or which. 
 
 
 Yoc. 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Qui'bus, 
 
 qui'bus, 
 
 qui'bus, 
 
 in, by, or with whom or which. 
 
 jfggyg** The lists of Latin nouns, adjectives, etc. on the foregoing pages contain, 
 it is believed, all the most important words of this kind which the student will be 
 likely to meet with in works relating to Anatomy, Pharmacy, etc. Especial care 
 has been taken to make the lists complete with respect to Pharmacopoeial names 
 and the terms commonly used in writing prescriptions.* 
 
 Remarks on the Use and Application of Latin Adjectives. 
 
 It has already been shown (on page 671) that Latin adjectives change their 
 terminations so as to agree with the nouns to which they are joined, in Gender, 
 Number, and Case. It is important to observe that this agreement is equally 
 necessary whether the noun be understood or expressed: for example, the adjective 
 re'ger (“sick,” or “suffering”) if joined with vir (a “man”) will, of course, retain 
 its masculine form; if with foem'ina (a “woman”), it is changed to se'gra , accord- 
 ing to the rule already explained; also, if the adjective be used without a noun, as 
 is frequently the case, to denote a “ patient, ”f we must always write se'ger , if we 
 mean a male, and se'gra, if we mean a female patient. Hence we have the following 
 'important rule : — 
 
 Whenever an adjective, participle, or adjective pronoun is used without any 
 noun expressed, it must invariably be put in the gender, number, and case of the 
 &oun (whatever this may be) which is understood. Accordingly, all the names of 
 
 * It may be observed that the signification of the nouns is not given in the lists, because, 
 
 •*yith few if any exceptions, they will be found defined in the Dictionary. But, as only a part 
 of the adjectives are given in the Dictionary under their own heads, and since the lists, if they 
 contained the signification of only a portion, would have an irregular and unsightly appear- 
 ance, it has been deemed best to give the meaning of the adjectives in all cases. 
 
 f “ Patient” is merely an Anglicized form of the Latin pa'tiens [from pa'tior, pas'sus, t « 
 “suffer”], and signifies a “suffering” or “sick” person. 
 
 677 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 the muscles formed from adjectives (of which there are a great number), as, cr«- 
 ree'us , glutee'us , hyoglos'sus, sarto’rius , semimembrano' sus, Intis' simns dor's;, quadra 
 ftts lumbo'rum , rec'tus oc’uli, etc., must have the masculine termination, because 
 mils' cuius (a “ muscle”), the understood noun, is of the masculine gender. So the 
 adjectives forming the names of nerves must be masculine, because ner'vus (a 
 “ nerve”) is masculine: e.g. accesso’rius Willis' ii (in the plural, accesso'rii Wil- 
 lis' ii), hypoglos’ sus, pathet'ici , trigem' ini, etc. 
 
 One of the most important applications of the rule above stated, is to the names 
 of the divisions, classes, or orders in the different departments of science. In 
 Botany the natural orders are generally formed from adjectives in -a'cens: as, 
 Acera' ceus, Clusia'ceus, Lilia' ceus, Papavera'ceus, etc., the terminations of which are 
 changed to agree with the noun plan’ tee (“plants”) understood, in the nominative 
 plural feminine. Accordingly, Accra' ceee signifies “ [plants] allied to, or resem- 
 bling, the maple;” Clusia'ceee “[plants] allied to, or resembling, the Clusia 
 Lilia' ceee, those “resembling the lily;” Papavera' ceee, those “resembling the 
 poppy,” etc. etc. 
 
 It may be observed, however, that the orders of Jussieu are, with a few excep- 
 tions, named from the plural of certain nouns: as, Ag'era (plural of A’cer), the 
 “maples;” Lil'ia (plural of Lil'ium), the “lilies;” AV gee (plural of Al’ga), “sea- 
 weeds;” 3Ius'ci (plural of 3Ius'cus,) “mosses,” etc. etc. 
 
 The Linnsean classes (which are of Greek derivation) consist of adjectives (such 
 as monan'drius, “having one stamen;” pentan' drius, “having five stamens;” dec- 
 an' drius, “having ten stamens,” etc.) in the neuter plural agreeing with phy'ta, or 
 0yra (the plural of phy'ton, or (f>vroi , the Greek term for a “plant”), understood. By 
 some, however, they are considered to be nouns (or adjectives used as nouns, 
 clas’ sis, a “ class,” being understood) in the feminine singular. On this supposi- 
 tion, 3fonan'dria is equivalent to clas’ sis 3fonan'dria, the “ Monandrian class,” or 
 that comprising flowers having a single stamen; Pentan’ dria is the “Pentandrian 
 class,” or that comprising flowers with five stamens, and so on. But it is preferable 
 to consider these classes as formed of adjectives in the plural; for so they will har- 
 monize with the names of the divisions and classes in Zoology, Nosology, etc., 
 where they are always in the plural. 
 
 The divisions, classes, and orders of the animal kingdom are formed of adjec- 
 tives with the neuter plural termination in -a; because An'imal (plural Anima’lia), 
 the understood noun, is of the neuter gender: e.g. Vertebra' ta, “vertebrated [anb 
 mals];” 3Iollus'ca, “molluscous [animals];” Articula'ta, “ articulated [animals];” 
 Radia’ta, “radiated [animals];” Mamma’ lia, “[animals] furnished with mammse;” 
 Ccphalop’ oda, “[animals] having the head furnished with feet,” the designation 
 of an order of mollusks, the most highly organized of all invertebrate animals (sea 
 Cephalopoda, in the Dictionary). 
 
 With respect to the classification of diseases, great diversity prevails. Cullen, 
 like Jussieu, generally took the names of his classes and orders from the plurals 
 of nouns: as, Pyrex’iee (plural of Pyrex’ia, a “febrile affection”), Neuro’ses (plural 
 of Nenro'sis, a “nervous disease”), Spas' mi (plural of Spas' mus, a “spasm”), 
 Tumo'res (plural of Tu’mor, a “tumor”), etc.; though one of his classes, Loca'les, 
 is formed from the adjective loca'lis (“local”), mor'bi (“diseases”) being under- 
 stood. Dr. Good gives a neuter termination to all his classes and orders: as, 
 Heemat'ica (from heernat’ icus, “pertaining to the blood”), Crnot'ica (Aom cenot’i - 
 678 
 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
 
 cus, “pertaining to evacuations”), etc. etc., the neuter noun pathem'ata (plural of 
 pathe'ma, an “affection,” or “disease”) being understood. But it is now, perhaps, 
 more usual to put the adjective in the masculine plural, agreeing with mor'bi 
 (plural of mo/bus, a “disease”): e.g. Zymot'ici , “zymotic [diseases];” Cbrot’ icy, 
 “ skin [diseases],” etc.* 
 
 It must be borne in mind that the rule respecting the agreement of adjectives 
 with nouns (see pp. 671, 077) applies not merely to the construction of sentences, 
 but even to the shortest Latin phrase which may form the name of a bone, a 
 plant, or a chemical substance: as, Os (n.) iunomina'tum , Cor’nus (f.) Florida , 
 Fer’ntm redac’tum, Syru'pus f us' cus, etc. 
 
 If, in writing any Latin name or phrase, the student should feel the slightest 
 doubt, he should first ascertain the declension, gender, etc. of the word, which he can 
 readily do by a reference to the lists on the foregoing pages. If the nominativo 
 of the noun ends in -a, it is in all probability of the first declension, feminine 
 gender; let him then consult the list on page 661; if in -«m, it is of the second 
 declension, neuter gender (see list on page- 664); if in -vs, it is' probably of the 
 masculine gender, second declension, in which case let him refer to the list on page 
 663 (if not found there, to that on 6C9); for nouns of any other tcrm:nati< n, let 
 him examine the list of nouns of the third declension on pages 667 and 6C8, 
 or to those of the fifth declension on page 670. Suppose, for example, he is in 
 doubt whether to write for “washed sulphur,” sulphur lotum or sulphur lotus: by 
 turning to the list of the third declension, he will find that sulphur is neuter, and 
 he will therefore know that the participle lotus, “washed,” must have the neuter 
 termination in ~um for the nominative case. If he wishes to use the genitive case, 
 he will change sulphur to sulphuris, and lotum to loti. The application of the rule 
 to botanical names is usually very easy; but it would be better in all cases of un- 
 certainty for him to examine every point and make assurance doubly sure, not only 
 for the satisfaction of being correct, but also that he may acquire a habit of 
 accuracy, an element in the character of an accomplished physician or pharmacist, 
 the importance of which can scarcely be over-estimated.]* 
 
 * See Dr. Farr’s classification of diseases as exhibited in Lyon’s “Hospital Practice,” and 
 other works. 
 
 f In a large majority of cases, botanical (and zoological) names consist of a noun constituting 
 the genus, joined with an adjective (usually denoting some characteristic of the plant) forming 
 the specific name: for example, in Cap’sicum an'nuum (the “annual Capsicum”), the specific term 
 annuum is used to distinguish it from other species which are biennial or perennial; so A'rum 
 triphyVlum , the “ three-leaved Arum,” Cincho'na pal'lida , “ pale Cinchona,” etc. etc. In a 
 number of instances, however, the specific name is formed of a noun (not unfrequently the 
 name of some obsolete genus), in which case it does not necessarily agree in gender with the 
 generic name. The following list embraces the most important names of this class : — 
 
 Aca'cia Cat'echu. 
 
 Achille'a Millefo'lium. 
 Aconi'tum Napel'lus. 
 Ac'orus Cal'amus. 
 vEs'cnlus Hippocas'tanum. 
 Agatho'tes Chiray'ta. 
 Alis'ina Planta'go. 
 Amo'mum Zin'giber. 
 Anacyc'lus Pyr'ethrum. 
 An'themis Cot'ula. 
 Antirrlii'num Lina'ria. 
 A'piuin Petroseli'num. 
 Arbutus U'va Ur'si (or 
 Arctostaph'ylos U'va Ur'si). 
 Aristolo'chia Serpenta'ria. 
 
 Artemis'ia Absin'thium. 
 Aspid'ium Fi'lix Mas. 
 Asple'nium (or Aspid'ium) Fi'- 
 lix Foem'ina. 
 
 At'ropa Belladon'na. 
 Balsamoden'dron Myr'rha. 
 Cas'sia Fis'tula. 
 
 Cepliae'lis Ipecacuanha. 
 Cincho'na Calisay'a. 
 Cissam'pelos Parei'ra. 
 Citrul'lus Colocyn'tliis. 
 
 Ci'trus Auran'tium. 
 
 Ci'trus Limet'ta. 
 
 Convol'vulus Jala'pa. 
 Convol'vulus Scammo'nia. 
 
 Cro'ton Eleuthe'ria (or Cro'tot, 
 Cascaril'la). 
 
 Cro'ton Tig'lium. 
 
 Cucur'bita Pe'po. 
 
 Cyn'ara Scol'ymus. 
 
 Cyt'isus Scopa'rius. 
 
 Dapli'ne Gnid'ium. 
 
 Daph'ne Mezere'um. 
 
 Datu'ra Stramo'nium. 
 
 Dau'cus Caro'ta. 
 
 Delphin'ium Consol'ida. 
 Delphin'ium Staphisa'gria. 
 Eletta'ria Cardamo'nium. 
 Euge'nia(or Myr'tus) Pimen'ta. 
 Euphor'bia Ipecacuanha. 
 
 679 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS 
 
 In most countries of Europe, as well as in the United States, it is customary to 
 write medical prescriptions in Latin. It is generally conceded that the interests 
 of science are promoted by the usage which prevails among different nations, of 
 writing the scientific names of plants, animals, etc. in a language which is under- 
 stood, to a greater or less extent, throughout the civilized world, and which is not 
 subject to the variations, and consequent uncertainty of meaning, to which all living 
 languages are in some degree liable. There appears to be no good reason why the 
 names or terms used in Pharmacy should constitute any exception to a principle so 
 generally recognized. It has been urged as a more practical argument in favor of 
 the custom of writing prescriptions in Latin, that a person travelling in foreign 
 
 Exogo'nium Pur'ga. 
 Fer'ula Assafoet'ida. 
 Hed'era He'lix. 
 
 Hu'mulus Lu'pulus. 
 
 I'lex Aquifo'lium. 
 
 In'ula Hele'nium. 
 Ipomae'a Jala'pa. 
 Junip'erus Sabi'na. 
 Lau'rus Sas'safras. 
 Leon'todon Tarax'acum. 
 Lirioden'dron Tulipif'era. 
 
 Momor'dica Elate'rium. 
 Nar'thex Assafoet'ida. 
 
 N icotia'na Tab'acum. 
 (Enan'the Phellan'drium. 
 Pa'nax Quinquefo'lium. 
 Pimpinel'la Ani'sum. 
 Pimpinel'la Saxif'raga. 
 Pista'cia Lentis'cus. 
 Polyg'ala Sen'ega. 
 Polyg'onum Bistor'ta. 
 Potentil'la Tormentil'la. 
 
 Pterocar'pus Marsu'pium. 
 Pu'nica Grana'tum. 
 Py'rus Ma'lus. 
 
 Rhus Toxicoden'dron. 
 Sola'num Dulcama'ra. 
 Stat'ice Limo'nium. 
 Tarax'acum Dens-leo'nis. 
 Theobro'ma Caca'o. 
 Vera'trum Sabadil'la. 
 Verbas'cum Thap'sus. 
 Ze'a Mays. 
 
 It may be remarked that the general usage of scientific writers requires that the generic 
 name should begin with a capital, but the specific name, if an adjective (and not derived from 
 a proper name), should, when it occurs in a regular sentence, invariably begin with a small 
 letter: as, Al'etris farino'sa, A' rum triphyl'lum , etc. But if the adjective is derived from some 
 proper name, as Canaden'sis (from Canada), Enropse'us (from Europa), and Philadel'phicus (from 
 Philadelphia), then, of course, both the specific and generic name should commence with a 
 capital: as, As'arum Canaden'se, As f arum Europium, Erig' cron Philadelph'icum. Also, when 
 the specific name, as those in the foregoing list, is a noun, it should always begin with a capital.* 
 The specific names of the various species of Meloe (sometimes used synonymously with 
 Cantharis), all having a masculine termination (as, Meloe niger , M. vesicatorius, etc.), might 
 seem at first sight to deviate from the rule that the specific term if an adjective must agree 
 in gender with the generic name; for Meloe , according to all recognized rules, ought to be 
 feminine. But the mistake of supposing Meloe (a term of modern origin) to be masculine, 
 having been made by those who first used the word, has since been almost universally followed 
 by scientific writers. So that rather than unsettle the established usage respecting this group 
 of names, we ought perhaps to recognize Meloe as the sole instance of a noun ending in -e and 
 forming the genitive in - es , and yet of the masculine gender. 
 
 In a few instances the specific name of plants is formed of a noun in the genitive case : as, 
 Cam'phora ojjicina'rum (the “Camphor of the shops”), Ca'rum Car'ui (which can scarcely be 
 translated, the second word being the genitive of Car'uon, which signifies essentially the same 
 as Carum), Dri'mys Winte'ri (the “ Drimys of [Captain] Winter,” who first brought this species 
 into notice), Gentia'na Catesbse'i (the “Gentian of Catesby”), Ru'bia tincto'rum (“Dyers’ Mad- 
 der”), etc. In the foregoing examples the second noun in the genitive has the force of an adjec- 
 tive : Cam'phora officina'rum may be translated “ officinal Camphor,” Gentia'na Catesbse'i, 
 “ Catesbsean Gentian ;” so we say in English, “Arabian spices,” or “ spices of Arabia,” etc. 
 
 * The specific name of the common tulip-tree ( Lirioden'dron Tulipif'era ) is sometimes 
 written with a small letter for its initial ; but this is manifestly incorrect, for though tidipif'era 
 may sometimes be an adjective, it cannot be so in this connection, otherwise it must agree with 
 the generic name in the neuter gender, and we should then have Lirioden'dron tulipif'erum. 
 The fact is, that Tulipifera itself was formerly a generic name, formed of the adjective tulipif- 
 erus (“tulip-bearing”), agreeing with Ar’bor (“tree”) understood. It may here be ob- 
 
 served that all the Latin names of trees are feminine. Lirioden'dron and Rhododen'dron , the 
 only important apparent exceptions, are not properly Latin words, since they have the pure 
 Greek termination in -on. Liriodendron is of modern origin; Rhododendron is to be found in 
 Roman writers, but they were so averse to have the name of a tree with a neuter termination, 
 that Pliny writes it Rhododen' dros , thus converting it into a feminine noun. Some of the names 
 of trees are of different declensions : e.g. Cor'nus , usually of the fourth, is sometimes of the 
 second; Pi'nus appears to be used about equally in the second and fourth; but the gender 
 remains the same, being always feminine in the works of the best writers. 
 
 680 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 countries, if taken sick, might die before a prescription written in his native tongue 
 could be interpreted. But, whatever weight may be attached to the arguments by 
 which the practice is sought to be defended, the fact that it is sanctioned by so 
 large a portion of the civilized world, and that it is in a manner recognized both 
 by the United States and British Pharmacopoeias, in which the officinal names 
 of medicines are always given in Latin, makes it absolutely necessary for the 
 student of Medicine or Pharmacy, who aspires to a respectable rank in his profession, 
 to bestow some attention upon this subject. 
 
 The word prescription is from the Latin prae, “ before, *' or “beforehand,” and 
 ecri'bo, to “ write/’ and signifies, strictly speaking, something written out before- 
 hand to serve as a guide or direction to others; but it is also applied to any formal 
 directions, whether written or spoken, which a physician may give for promoting 
 or restoring the health of his patient. He may prescribe blood-letting or exercise, 
 and his directions to this effect constitute his prescription; but the application of 
 the term is usually restricted to written directions (also called formulae ) for com- 
 pounding and administering medicines. Formulae are of two kinds, viz.: officinal, 
 including the directions for the preparation of medicines published in Pharma- 
 copoeias; and extemporaneous (or magistral ), denoting those which the physician 
 writes out for some particular occasion. 
 
 A simple formula is one which contains but a single officinal preparation: as, 
 Extracti Ilyoscyami 5j. 
 
 Fiant pilulae xii. 
 
 (“ Take of Extract of Hyoscyamus a drachm. Let twelve pills be made [of it].”) 
 
 A compound formula is one containing two or more officinal preparations: as, 
 
 ^6 Magnesia? Sulphatis 5ij* 
 
 Infusi Senna; Sj. 
 
 Misce. 
 
 (“Take of the Sulphate of Magnesia two drachms, of the Infusion of Senna an ounce. 
 Mix [them].”) 
 
 The principal medicine in a formula is termed the basis ; that which assists or 
 promotes the action of the basis is called an auxiliary or adjuvant ( ad’juvans ) ; that 
 which corrects some objectionable quality is termed a corrective ( cor'rigens ); and 
 that which is used to give a form convenient for administering the whole, is the 
 excipient, or vehicle, or constituent (ex cip'iens, vehic’ulum, or constit' uens), as illus- 
 trated in the following formula : — 
 
 V Aloes 5ss (basis). 
 
 Ilydrargyri Chloridi Mitis gr. vj. ( auxiliary ). 
 
 01 ei Anisi guttas v. (corrective). 
 
 Syrupi quantum sufficit (excipient) ut fiant pilulae xii. 
 
 (“ Take of Aloes a half drachm, of the Mild Chloride of Mercury six grains, of Oil of Anise 
 five drops, of Syrup a sufficient quantity so that twelve pills may be made.”) 
 
 Any one who has a tolerable understanding of English grammar will have little 
 difficulty in writing prescriptions correctly, if he will carefully attend to the fol- 
 lowing rules and directions. 
 
 Rule First. — Whenever the quantity of any medicine or material is mentioned, 
 the name of the material must always be put in the genitive case : thus, in the fol- 
 lowing example: — 
 
 58 
 
 681 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 Eupatorii gj. 
 
 Aquae Ferventis (or Bullientis) Oj. 
 
 Macera per lioras duas et cola. 
 
 (“Take of Eupatorium an ounce, of boiling water a pint. Macerate for two hours and 
 strain.”) 
 
 Nota bene: it is necessary to write Eupatorii (not Eupatorium ), and Aquae fsr- 
 venti8 (not Aqua fervens ), since we cannot say, in English, “an ounce Eupatorium,” 
 any more than we can say, “a pint boiling water.” The genitive termination in 
 the Latin is even more indispensable than the preposition “of” is in the English; 
 because in certain cases the “of” may be understood if it has previously been ex- 
 pressed: thus, we might say, “Take of Eupatorium an ounce, boiling water a pint.” 
 But the genitive termination in Latin can never thus be understood, but must 
 always be expressed: indeed, it exactly corresponds in this respect to the regular 
 form of the English possessive. It would be very ridiculous to say, in English, 
 “John's and William books,” or “Cowper’s and Milton poems,” on the ground that 
 the 8 and apostrophe (which are, in fact, the English genitive or possessive termina- 
 tion) are to be understood after the second name : it is equally absurd to suppose 
 that the Latin genitive termination can ever be understood when not expressed. 
 We have dwelt longer upon this point, because physicians not wholly ignorant of 
 the Latin tongue frequently commit the ridiculous blunder here alluded to. They 
 may judge how their Latin would strike a good classical scholar, from the im- 
 pression made on their own minds by such specimens of English as those cited 
 above. 
 
 If the writer of a prescription cannot afford to take the trouble to be correct, it 
 would perhaps be better for him to use abbreviated names or terms, thus: — 
 
 Magnes. Sulph 3ij. Eupator gj. 
 
 Infus. Senn gj. Aq. Fervent Oj. 
 
 by which expedient he would, at least, shelter himself from criticism. But we would 
 strongly recommend to those students whose ambition it is to excel in their pro- 
 fession, bravely to master the difficulty at the outset, and, if they afterwards think 
 proper to employ such abbreviated terms, let them do so rather to economize time 
 than to conceal their ignorance. The liability to mistakes, however, on the part of 
 the druggist who puts up the prescription, is not a little increased by a resort to 
 such abbreviations, and, if they are used at all, particular care should be taken 
 that every letter be written distinctly. The same, or greater, caution is 
 
 needed with respect to writing the signs for ounce, drachm , etc.; for cases might 
 readily occur, in which the substitution of an ounce for a drachm of some particular 
 medicine might be attended with fatal consequences. 
 
 Many of the names used in Pharmacyare compound : as ,ExtractumHyoscyami (“ Ex- 
 tract of Hyoscyamus”), Infusion Sennse (“Infusion of Senna”), Magnesise Sutyhas 
 (“ Sulphate of Magnesia”). In each of these examples there is a noun in the nomi- 
 native joined with one in the genitive case, the latter qualifying the former some- 
 what in the manner of an adjective, for “Infusion of Senna” has precisely the same 
 meaning as “Senna Infusion,” if we use “Senna” as an adjective: so Aqua Crea - 
 soti, “Creasote Water” (literally, “Water of Creasote”), Aqua Rosse, “Rose Water” 
 (literally, “Water of Rose”). It is to be observed that in prescriptions this qualify- 
 ing noun (which is always in the genitive case, though it is sometimes put first, and 
 682 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 sometimes second) must remain unchanged. For example: if we wish to intro* 
 duce the term “Sulphate of Magnesia” {Magnesia Sulphas ) into a formula, Mag- 
 nesia, which is the qualifying word, must remain always in the genitive, whatever 
 may be the form of the sentence in which it occurs ; but the other term, Sulphas, is 
 to be changed according to circumstances, or as the meaning of the writer may re- 
 quire. If, as before observed, the quantity of any substance be mentioned, the sub- 
 stance itself must be put in the genitive: as, “of the Sulphate of Magnesia one 
 ounce” ( Magnesia Sulphatis 5j). But suppose, the quantity having been previously 
 determined, he should have occasion to speak of combining the “Infusion of Senna 
 with Sulphate of Magnesia:” he should then write Infusum (or Inf mi , according to 
 the nature of the sentence) Senna cum. Magnesia Sulphate. Here it w 11 be seen that 
 while the qualifying term ( Magnesia ) remains the same, the other term {Sulphas) is 
 put in the ablative case, being governed by the preposition cum, “with.” If the 
 learner should ask why the preposition does not govern Magnesia, seeing it comes 
 next to it, the answer is that the sense, or meaning, forbids it : the meaning is “ with 
 the sulphate,” not “with magnesia,” the latter term being governed in the geni- 
 tive by “of.” Should we put “magnesia” in the ablative and “sulphate” in the 
 genitive, we should have “with magnesia of sulphate,” which is simply non- 
 sense.* 
 
 It may here be remarked that in Latin it matters comparatively little in what 
 order the words stand, provided each is in its proper case: thus, we may say Sul- 
 phas Magnesia, or Magnesia Sulphas, though the latter is more usual. We might 
 also say either Cum Sulphate Magnesia, or Cum Magnesia Sulphate, since, whichever 
 arrangement of words we use, the cases of each remain the same. So, frequently, 
 in English, we may change the order of the words, provided Ave preserve the sense. 
 We may say either the “brain’s base,” or the “base of the brain,” “hartshorn” 
 (hart’s horn), or the “horn of the hart;” but the Latin language admits of trans- 
 position to a much greater extent, even when precisely the same words are made 
 use of. Thus, for the “Compound Powder of Rhubarb,” we might say, in Latin, 
 either Compositus Pulvis Rhei, Rhei. Compositus Pulvis, Pulvis Compositus Rhei, Rhei 
 Pulvis Compositus , or Pulvis Rhei ComjDositus, and the meaning would be precisely 
 the same whichever arrangement of the words we might adopt. But, though each 
 form is grammatically correct, euphony requires the last; for by either of the other 
 arrangements the two words ]julvis and comjwsitus, both ending in s, would come 
 
 * To make this subject perfectly clear, it may be well to restate the same principle in different 
 words. When it is directed to put any compound name into the genitive, accusative, etc., the 
 direction always has reference to that part which is in the nominative, as the name stands in 
 the Pharmacopoeia. Thus, in the following examples, Potas'sa Carbo'nas, Decodtum Chimaph'i- 
 la, Extrac'tum Can'nabis Purifica'tum , etc., “ Carbonas,” “ Decoctum,” and “ Extractum purifi- 
 catuin” would alone be changed: if to the genitive, we should have “ Carbonatis,” “Decocti,” 
 and “ Extracti purificati” (for, as “ purificatum” agrees with “ Extractum,” it must change with 
 it): if to the ablative, “Carbonate,” “ Decocto,” and “ Extracto purificato.” 
 
 Some compound Pharmacopoeial names consist of a noun joined with one or more adjec- 
 tives : as, Syru'pus Toluta'nus (U.S. Ph.), “Sju’up of Tolu;” Vi'num Antimonia'le (Br. Ph.), 
 “Antimonial Wine;” Pilu'la Cathar'tica Compos'ita (II.S. Ph.), “Compound Cathartic Pills.” 
 In writing such names, it is only necessary to take care that the adjective always agrees with 
 the noun in number, gender, and case. If the noun is put in the genitive, the adjective must 
 be so likewise: as, IJk Syrupi Tolutani fluidunciam (“Take of Syrup of Tolu a fluidounce”); 
 
 Vini Antimonia'lis fluidrachmam (“Take of Antimonial Wine a fluidrachm”). It is to be 
 observed that Toluta'nus (“ of, or pertaining to. Tolu”) is declined like la'tus (page 672), and 
 Antimonia'le like mi'te (neuter of mi'tis, page 673). But, should we have occasion to say, “To 
 this mixture add the Syrup of Tolu,” then both noun and adjective must be put in the accusa- 
 tive, as follows : Huic mistura adde Syrupum Tolutanum. 
 
 683 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 together, producing a disagreeable alliteration. True, this might also be avoided 
 by the form Composite Rhei Pulvis • but it is usually considered preferable in Latin 
 to place the noun before the adjective or participle.* 
 
 Variations with respect to the arrangement of the different words in a phrase 
 are, in fact, not uncommon. Thus, for the “Bark of Pomegranate Root/’ our Phar- 
 macopoeia has Granati Radicis Cortex , while the Prussian Pharmacopoeia (referred 
 to in a note on page 666) has Cortex Radieis Granati; other similar examples 
 might be cited. 
 
 Rule Second. — The terms which indicate the quantity of any material in the 
 prescription — such, for example, as “pound/’ “ounce,” “drachm,” “scruple,” 
 “ grain,” “pint,” “drop,” or “minim,” etc. — must invariably be put in the accusative 
 case, being directly governed by the active verb recipe , “take.”f Although these 
 measures of quantity are usually represented by signs (as 3, 5, 3, 0, etc.), which can 
 have no distinction of case, yet the student ought to be able to write them out should 
 occasion require; for if he is acquainted only with the signs, he will scarcely be 
 able to read a prescription written out in full, and cases might occur in which this 
 would be highly important; thus, he might be applied to to interpret a prescription 
 written by another physician. He who would aspire to an honorable rank in his 
 profession, whether as a physician or pharmacist, must not be content with know- 
 ing merely what is absolutely necessary, but should use every means within his 
 power to become thoroughly accomplished in the different branches of his vocation. 
 
 In order clearly to explain the application of the rules above given, it may be 
 useful to cite a number of examples. Suppose one should wish to write out in full 
 the Latin of the following : — 
 
 Take of Sulphate of Magnesia two drachms, 
 of Infusion of Senna a fluidounce. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Now, according to Rule First, the material itself must be put in the genitive; we 
 should then have Magnesias Sulphatis (the genitive of Magnesias Sulphas ), and Infusi 
 Sennas (the genitive of Infusum Sennas). According to Rule Second, the word de- 
 noting the quantity must be put in the accusative : therefore we must write drachmas 
 (the accusative plural of drachma, a “drachm:” see the declension of Vena on 
 page 661), and fluidunciam (Ihe accusative singular of fluiduncia, a “fluidounce.”) 
 The whole, written out in full, without signs or abbreviations, would then stand as 
 follows: — 
 
 Recipe Magnesite Sulphatis drachmas duas 
 ' Infusi Sennas fluidunciam. 
 
 Misce. 
 
 The principle is, of course, the same however the quantities may vary: thus, we 
 might substitute six drachms for two, and three ounces for one, in which case the 
 
 * Compare the following names occurring in the United States Pharmacopoeia, — Pilulse Sapo- 
 nis Compositx (“Compound Pills of Soap”): Tinctura Opii Acetata (“ Acetated Tincture of 
 Opium”), Mistura Ferri Composita (“Compound Mixture of Iron”), Infusum Gsntianas Composi- 
 tion (“ Compound Infusion of Gentian”), Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum (“ Ammoniated Mercury”), 
 Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum (“ Red Oxide of Mercury”), in all of which the participle or adjec- 
 tive is placed after the noun. 
 
 f It will be seen that the principle is precisely the same as in English grammar: thus, when 
 we say, in English, “Take of Infusion of Senna an ounce,” it is not the noun “Infusion,” but 
 “ounce,” which is governed in the objective by the verb “ take;” “Infusion” being governed by 
 the preposition “ of.” 
 
 684 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 noun “fluidounce” ( fluiduncia ) would still be in the accusative, the only change 
 being from the singular to the plural, while the terms representing the materials 
 would remain unchanged. The prescription would then stand — 
 
 Recipe Magnesiae Sulphatis drachmas sex.* 
 
 Infusi Sennse fluiduncias tres. 
 
 Misce. 
 
 Again: suppose we wish to put into Latin the following: — 
 
 Take of the Carbonate of Magnesia a drachm, 
 of the Powder of Rhubarb fifteen grains, 
 of Peppermint Water tw'o fluidounces. 
 
 Let a mixture be made, of which a tablespoonful may be given every two hours. 
 
 We must first put the materials in the genitive. Magnesise Carbonas will then be 
 changed to Magnesise Carbonatis ; Pulvis Rliei , to Pulveris Rhei ; Aqua Mentlise Pi- 
 peritse, to Aquse Menthse Piperitse. The quantities being put in the accusative, 
 drachma is changed to drachmam, granurn to gr ana (the accusative plural), fluid- 
 uncia to fluiduncias (also accusative plural). The prescription would then stand — 
 
 Tfi Magnesiae Carbonatis drachmam. 
 
 Pulveris Rhei grana quindecim. 
 
 Aquae Mentha? Piperitae fluiduncias duas. 
 
 Fiat mistura, cujus detur cochleare magnum omni bihorio. 
 
 Again, write the following in Latin : — 
 
 Take of the Mixture of Ammoniac three fluidounces. 
 of the Tincture of Castor half a fluidrachm. 
 of Syrup of Tolu half a fluidounce. 
 of Tincture of Opium five drops, 
 of Cinnamon Water a fluidounce. 
 
 Let a mixture be made. Of this a dessert-spoonful may be taken every three hours. 
 
 Putting the materials in the genitive, we shall have to change Mistura Ammoni- 
 aci to Misturse Ammoniaci, Tinctura Castorei to Tincturse Castorei , Syrupus Tolu- 
 tanus to Syrupi Tolutani, Tinctura Opii to Tincturse Opii, and Aqua Cinnamomi to 
 Aquse Cinnamomi. Putting the quantities in the accusative, we must write, for 
 “ three fluidounces/’ fluiduncias tres ; “half a fluidrachm,” jiuidrachmam dimi- 
 di am yj* “half a fluidounce,” fluidunciam dimidiam yj* “five drops,” guttas quinque; 
 “ a fluidounce,” Jluidunciam. 
 
 The whole prescription would then be as follows : — 
 
 Recipe Misturae Ammoniaci fluiduncias tres. 
 
 Tinctura? Castorei fluidrachmam dimidiam. 
 
 Syrupi Tolutani fluidunciam dimidiam. 
 
 Tinctura) Opii guttas quinque. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi fluidunciam. 
 
 Fiat mistura. Ilujus sumatur cochleare medium omni trihorlo. 
 
 * The learner will bear in mind that the Latin numerals after tres (“ three”) are indeclina- 
 ble; that is, the termination remains the same through all the cases. 
 
 f It is to be observed that in Latin they rarely say the “half of a thing,” but commonly use 
 ‘half,” as well as “whole,” simply as an adjective: thus, they say totus orbis, the “whole 
 world,” urbs tota, the “whole city:” in like manner, they would say dimidius orbis (or oi'bis 
 dimidius), “half the world,” urbs dimidia , “half the city,” &c. In writing, however, the 
 phrase an “ounce and a half,” they do not say unciarn et dimidiam , but usually unciam (or 
 uncia) cum semisse, an “ ounce together with [its] half.” They likewise say sesquiuncia and 
 sescuncia (see page 691). 
 
 685 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 It will be observed that in the last two examples, directions have been added 
 respecting the dose, and the time when it should be taken. It is, however, gene- 
 rally preferable — and it is the almost universal custom in this country — to write 
 the directions in English. The latter part of these prescriptions might then be 
 changed as follows : — 
 
 Fiat mistura. Signa.* Let a tablespoonful be given every two hours. 
 
 Fiat mistura. Signa.* Let a dessert-spoonful of this be taken every three hours. 
 
 As, however, the United States have become a place of resort for persons from 
 every part of the world, and it is, therefore, important that our physicians and 
 pharmacists should not be wholly ignorant of the customs of other countries, the 
 two following rules relating to the proper mode of writing Latin directions, have 
 been added. 
 
 Rule Third. — In the directions appended to a prescription, the terms used for 
 the purpose of indicating the time when (or at which) the medicine should be 
 taken, must be put in the ablative case.f For example : — 
 
 Sfr Massae de hydrargyro grana sex. 
 
 Opii grana tria. 
 
 Permisce (vel misce accurate) et divide in pilulas duodecim. Ilarum una sumatur onmi 
 nocte. 
 
 (“Take of Blue Mass (literally, “of the mass [prepared] from Mercury”) six grains, 
 of Opium three grains. 
 
 Mix thoroughly (or mix carefully) and divide into twelve pills. Of these let one be taken 
 every night.”) 
 
 Recipe Decocti Cetrariae ootarium. 
 
 Ilujus sumatur poculum omni trihorio. 
 
 (“Take of Decoction of Iceland Moss a pint. Of this let a cupful be taken every three 
 hours.”.) 
 
 Recipe Magnesiae drachmam. 
 
 Aquae Menthae Piperitae fluiduncias se^. 
 
 Misce. 
 
 Capiat cochleare minimum omni hora. 
 
 (“ Take of Magnesia a drachm. 
 
 of Peppermint Water six fluidounces. 
 
 Mix [them]. 
 
 Let him [the patient] take a teaspoonful every hour.”) 
 
 So, if we have occasion to use for the same purpose such terms as the follow- 
 ing, “half an hour” ( semiho'ra ), an “hour and a half” (sesquiho' ra), “two hours” 
 (biho'rium) [i.e. the “space of two hours”], “three hours” ( triho'rium ), these Latin 
 nouns (with their adjectives) must be put in the ablative: e.g. om'ni semiho'ra, 
 “every half-hour,” omni bihurio, “every two hours,” quartd qudqne hord, “every 
 fourth hour,” qudque semihord , “every half-hour,” qndque sesquihord, “every hour 
 ind a half,” etc. etc. So, if we should wish to say, “at night,” we must write noc'te 
 (the ablative of nox, “night”), “at evening,” ves'pere (the ablative of vesper), etc. 
 In like manner, we say hord somni, “at the hour of sleep,” or hord decubitus , “at 
 
 * The imperative mood of signo , to “mark,” or “write.” 
 
 f Mane , “in the morning,” commonly regarded as an adverb, is perhaps the ablative case of 
 some obsolete noun. Vespere, “in the evening,” though usually called an adverb, appears to i.e 
 nothing more than the ablative singular of vesper , “ evening,” a noun of the third declension. 
 686 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 the hour (or time) of going to bed,” that is, “at bedtime;” hord sextd, “at the sixth 
 hour,” or at six o’clock; media node , “at midnight.” If we use the noun in the 
 plural, the rule is the same: e.g. alternis diebis , “every other day:” literally, “on 
 alternate days;” singulis nodibus , “in each of the nights,” that is, “every night;” 
 in all of which examples, as it will be seen, the noun and adjective (whenever it 
 has an adjective) are put in the ablative. 
 
 Rule Fourth. — Nouns or adjectives showing how long any process or course is 
 to be continued, must be put in the accusative; usually governed by^er, “through,” 
 “during,” or “for:” as, mcicera per horam , “macerate for an hour,” continnetur per 
 sex dies , “let it be continued for six days,” coque per quadrantern horsey “boil for a 
 quarter of an hour,” etc. 
 
 Prepositions governing the Accusative. 
 
 Ad, to, or at; also, according to: as, ad defec- 
 tio'nem an'imi , “ to fainting.” 
 
 An'te, before: as, an'te decu'bitum, “before 
 lying down:” i.e. before going to bod. 
 
 Con'tra, against : as , con'tra ver'mes, “ against 
 worms:” i.e. anthelmintic. 
 
 In, when it signifies to, or into * governs the 
 accusative : as, te're in pid'verem, “ rub or 
 grind to a powder;” contun'de in mas'sam, 
 “ beat into a mass.” 
 
 In'fra, below: as, ini fra or'bitam, “below or 
 beneath the orbit.” 
 
 In'ter, between : as, in'ter scap'idas, “ between 
 the shoulders.” 
 
 In'tra, in, or within : as, in lin'teum consu'tum, 
 
 “sewed up in linen” (applied to certain 
 powders, poultices, etc.). 
 
 Per, through, by, during, for: as , per ho'ram, 
 “ for an hour,” etc. 
 
 Post, after: as, post par'tum , “after parturi- 
 tion.” 
 
 Prae'ter, beyond , exceeding : as, pree'ter natu'- 
 ram, “ beyond or contrary to [the usual 
 course of J nature.” 
 
 Secun'dum, according to: as, secun'dum ar'tem, 
 “according to [the rules] of art.” 
 
 Sub, near, towards : as, sub JVnein , “ near the 
 end.” 
 
 Su'per, on, or upon: as, su'per pan'num (or 
 alu'tam) exten'de , “spread upon cloth (or 
 leather).” 
 
 Prepositions governing the Ablative. 
 
 A, ab, or abs, from, by: as, vis a ter’ go, “ force 
 from behind ;” ab ed par'te, “from that part.” 
 
 Cum, with : as, hydrargyrum cum cre'td, 
 “ mercury with chalk.” 
 
 De, from, of: as, de di'e in di'em, “ from day to 
 day.” 
 
 E, or ex. out, from, out of: as, detraha'tur e 
 brach'io san'guis, “ let blood be drawn from 
 the arm mas'sa ex hydrad gyro , “ mass 
 [prepared] out of mercury.” 
 
 In, when it signifies simply in or on * (and can- 
 not be rendered by into ) : as, in ventridulo, 
 “in the stomach;” in u'tero, “in the ute- 
 rus.” 
 
 Pro, for, according to : as, suma'tur pro po'tu, 
 “ let it bo taken for [or as] a drink;” pro re 
 na'td, “ according to circumstances.” 
 
 Sub, when it signifies simply under or beneath, 
 without any idea of motion to or towards a 
 place or thing (see note to In). 
 
 The table following comprises the most important of those Latin verbs which 
 are likely to be used in writing prescriptions, directions, etc. By observing the 
 power or signification of the different moods and tenses, as explained at the begin- 
 ning of the table (sec Do, da’ re, Co'lo , cola' re, etc.), the learner will be able to apply 
 the same to such other verbs as he may meet with. Thus, if he knows that det'raho 
 signifies to “draw” (compare ex'traho , of the third conjugation), he would know 
 that det’rahat must mean “he may draw,” or “let him draw,” and detraha'tur (in 
 
 * To make the proper distinction between in governing the accusative, and in governing the 
 ablative, at first seems difficult; but it is only necessary to consider the sense in which it is used. 
 Whenever there is an idea of passing or changing from on e place or state into another, in is fol- 
 lowed by the accusative: e.g. red'ige in puVverem, “reduce to powder:” here, the idea implies a 
 change from one state, to another; so injicia'tur in ventric'ulum, “let it be thrown into the 
 stomach,” in which case the change is from one place to another. But if we speak of a thing 
 being already in a certain place or state, the preposition is invariably followed by the ablative : 
 as, in ventric'ulo, “in the stomach;” in u'tero, “in the uterus;” in pul' vere, “in powder or 
 dust.” In English, speaking familiarly, we sometimes use “ in” for “ into,” but in writing Latin 
 we must always consider the idea as above explained; for, whether we say, pour the liquor in 
 the bottle, or into the bottle, the meaning is the same; therefore we must say in Latin, fun'de 
 liquo'rem in lagdnam , never in lage'nd. 
 
 687 
 
Active Voice. Passive Voice. 
 
 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 R 
 
 13sl^<3 
 
 cs >1 s “ a 3 
 a 5 ? > tf ® > a 
 
 o l o 3 h w> 
 
 * ?rl . 
 o- fl . -*2 
 
 « •- « 5 
 
 ri ci rt o 
 
 a ® 
 
 t > 
 
 . ci J . . g 
 
 e« = 2 g ^ g -® j 
 
 rtsSVe’I'S jj -g 
 
 id .j 
 
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 cia- “= ! 
 3-> 8 — - 
 
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 t- m ^ 
 
 I'e 
 
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 :ls-ssfi2g' 
 
 rc$- 5 i«S 
 
 a- a > g- * s 
 
 , ~ © -- w ..s S 
 
 0 3 2 o . -- 
 
 rSa-b^oE 
 — vs Q..2 « 
 
 £ fl?c."y. 
 
 < U K M ® £ 
 
 •fist 
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 |-P 
 
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 a o - © 
 
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 rt 4 ) - V 
 
 B-52> 
 
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 a. a> *. u 
 
 © >. fe o : 
 
 0.1*95 Sr s 
 
 s^SPjU-S = 
 
 O * 3 _ 0 ) rt 2 
 
 !- S : 3f- a ^S 
 
 -gSSg-gsfs 
 
 I £ 11 / £ 
 
 S .3 “ = 0 g 2 = 
 
 EtfS- S -S-s^ a 
 * i o* | o 0-3 c 
 
 a." 60 O 2 §»V 
 
 "33 SVsps ‘2 
 
 aifluiO-eswajcoO 
 
 6 j 
 
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 £-« 
 
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 ills 
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 688 
 
 * The literal sicnittfatimi h, “ he may give,” “ it may be given,” “ he may apply,” '* it may be applied,” &c. : but in medical language it is usually employed as third person of the im- 
 perative : e.g “ let hiui give,” “ let it be given,” “ let him apply.” 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 the passive), "it may be drawn,” or "let it be drawn.” So rejig' io, to "reject” 
 (compare adjig'io ), if put in the subjunctive present (rejig* iat), would signify "he 
 [or it] may reject;” in the passive ( rejicia'tur ), "it may be rejected,” etc. So 
 ejig'io, to "eject;” injig'io , to "inject [or throw into],” etc. etc. It is important, 
 however, always to note the conjugation to which a verb belongs; for while those 
 of the first conjugation form the present subjunctive third person in -et (or - ent ), 
 the others form it in -at (or -ant). We need scarcely remark, that if the student 
 wishes fully to master this branch of the subject, he will have to commence the 
 study of Latin in earnest, which, indeed, he ought by all means to do, if his cir- 
 cumstances and time permit. The comparatively brief instructions here given, are 
 intended for those who have not time to study the subject very fully; or else to 
 teach such as may already possess some knowledge of Latin, how to apply that 
 knowledge most advantageously in their medical and pharmaceutical studies. 
 
 It should be observed that the third person plural of the subjunctive present (as 
 well as of several other tenses) is formed by inserting n before the t of the singu- 
 lar: thus, det y "he may give;” dent f "they may give;” so ca'piat or su'rnat, "he 
 may take;” ca’piant or su'mant, "they may take.” In like manner, in the passive, 
 n is added to form the plural: accordingly, de'tur , capia'lur, suma'tur , are changed 
 to den'tur f capian'tur, suman'tur f etc. 
 
 Fi’oyji'eriy an irregular verb, signifying to "be made,” to "become,” to "be,” is 
 much used in prescriptions, but nearly always in the subjunctive present: as, singu- 
 lar, JVaty "it may be made,” "let it be made,” or "let there be made;” plural, 
 ji'anty "they may be made,” "let them be made,” or "let there be made:” e.g.ji'at 
 mistu'ra, "let a mixture be made;” ji' ant pilu'lse duod'ecim, "let twelve pills be 
 made,” etc. 
 
 The following are some of the most important Latin terms and phrases (not 
 
 hitherto explained) used in prescriptions, 
 
 Absen'te fe'bre, “ fever being absent” (or “in 
 the absence of fever”). 
 
 Ad lib' Hum, “ at or according to the pleasure 
 [of the patient].” 
 
 Adstan'te fe'bre , “fever being present.” 
 
 A I'iquot (indeclinable), “some,” “several.” 
 
 A'na (abbreviated aa ), “ of each.” See Ana, 
 in the Dictionary. 
 
 Bid'uum, “ the space of two days.” 
 
 Bis in di'e , “ twice a day.” 
 
 Cochlea're am'plum lar'gum or mag'num ,* a 
 “tablespoonful” (literally, a “large or big 
 spoon”). 
 
 Cochlea're me'dium or mod'icum, a “ dessert- 
 spoonful” (literally, a “middle or moderate 
 [sized] spoon”). 
 
 Cochlea're min'imum, a “ teaspoonful” (lite- 
 rally, the “ smallest spoon i.e. a spoon of the 
 smallest size); also termed Cochlea're par' vum 
 or par'vulum, a “small spoon.” 
 
 Cochlea* Urn, “ by spoonfuls.” 
 
 Cras , “to-morrow.” 
 
 Cucurbit'ula cruen'ta, ) a “ cupping-glass.” 
 
 >- See these terms in 
 
 Cucurbit'ula sidca , ) the Dictionary. 
 
 directions, etc. : — 
 
 Cy'athus (second declension, masculine), a 
 “wineglass” or “wineglassful.” 
 
 De di'e in di'em, “ from day to day.” 
 
 Do'nec , “ until.” 
 
 Dam fe'bris ab'sit , “ while the fever is ab- 
 sent.” 
 
 Bum fe'bris ad'stet , “ while the fever is on or 
 present.” 
 
 Ejus'dem , , “of the same” (gen. of i'dem). 
 
 Fe'bre duran'te, or duran'te fe'bre , the “ fever 
 continuing” (i.e. “ if the fever continues”). 
 
 Fo'tus , a “ fomentation” (fourth declension). 
 
 Frustilla'tim , “in small pieces.” 
 
 Gutta'tim, “ drop by drop.” 
 
 Haus'tus , a “ draught” (fourth declension). 
 
 He'ri, “ yesterday.” 
 
 Ho'ris altednis, or alter'nis ho'ris , “every 
 other hour.” 
 
 In' dies, “ daily,” or “from day to day.” 
 
 In promp'tu , “in readiness.” 
 
 Jule'pus,jule'pum, or jula'pium, a “julep.” 
 
 Lage'na , a “ bottle.” 
 
 Le'ni fo'co , “ by a gentle fire.” 
 
 Le.n'to ig'ne , “ by a slow fire.” 
 
 Manip'ulus , a “ handful.” 
 
 * When cochlea're is used by itself, — that is, without any qualifying word, such as me'dium , 
 or min'imum , — it is to be understood as signifying a “tablespoonful.” It would, however, be 
 better always to mention the kind of spoonful ; for even when the medicine is of that character 
 that a little more or less might not be attended with any serious consequences, it is always 
 satisfactory to the patient or attendants to have explicit directions. 
 
 690 
 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 Mi'ca pa'nis, “ crumb of bread.” 
 
 Mo're sol'ito , “in the usual manner.” 
 
 Pan'nus tin' tens, a “ linen cloth.” 
 
 Per sal'tum , “ by a leap or spring :” applied 
 to blood when it flows from the vein in a jet. 
 
 Phi' ala, a “ vial or phial.” 
 
 Ple'no ri'vo , “in a full stream.” 
 
 Post ci'bum , “after eating” (literally, “after 
 food”). 
 
 Pro ratio'ne , “in proportion to:” as, pro 
 im'petus ratio'ne, “in proportion to the vio- 
 lence of the attack.” 
 
 Prout , “according as.” 
 
 Quantum suf'ficit, or quan'tum suffip'iat, a 
 “sufficient -quantity” (literally, “as much as 
 suffices,” or “as much as may suffice”). 
 
 Quan'tum vis, “as much as you choose” 
 (literally, “as much as you will”). 
 
 Qua'ter in di'e, “ four times a day.” 
 
 Quotid'ie , “ daily.” 
 
 Semiho'ra,* “ half an hour.” 
 
 Se'mis , gen. semis'sis, a “ half.” 
 
 Semiun'cia,* “ half an ounce.” 
 
 Septima'na (first declension), a “ week.” 
 
 Sescun'cia,* or Sesquiun'cia* (better Un'cia 
 cum semis' se), an “ ounce and a half.” 
 
 Sesquiho'ra,* an “ hour and a half.” 
 
 Sta'lim, “ immediately.” 
 
 Suitin' de , “ now and then.” 
 
 Ter in di'e, or ter di'e, “three times a day.” 
 
 Trid'uurn , the “ space of three days.” 
 
 U'tor, u'li, “ to use.” This verb (which is 
 called a “ depo'nent verb,” that is, one having 
 a passive form with an active signification), 
 instead of governing the accusative, like most 
 other active verbs, always .governs the abla- 
 tive: e.g. uta'tur linimen'to cal'cis, “let him 
 use, or make use of, lime liniment;” utan'lur 
 lotio'nihus cre'bris, “ let them use frequent 
 lotions.” N.B. — Lo'tio may be used either in 
 the sense of a “ wash,” or the “ act of wash- 
 ing.” 
 
 * It may be observed as a universal rule, that when a simple noun forms the termination of 
 a compound, the latter is declined in the same manner as the simple word: thus, jluidun'cia, 
 semiun'cia, sesquiun'cia, etc. are declined precisely liko un'cia; and semiho'ra, sesquiho'ra, etc. 
 like ho'ra: so merid'ies, “mid-day,” is declined like di'es, “day;” and perlus'sis, “hooping- 
 cough,” like tussis, a “cough.” If, however, the termination is changed, it is obvious that the 
 declension must be different; biho'rium, triho'rium, etc., being neuter nouns of the second 
 declension, are declined like ligamenlum, on page 663. 
 
 691 
 
TABLE OF DOSES, 
 
 FOR ADULTS. 
 
 [See Dose, in the Dictionary.] 
 
 Absinthium 9j. to 9ij. 
 
 Acetum colchici f3j. to f Sij. 
 
 Acetum scillae fSss. to f Sj. 
 
 Achillea millefolium 9j. to 9ij. 
 
 Acid, acetic, dilutum fSj. to fSss. 
 
 Acid, arseniosum ^ to J of a gr. 
 
 Acid, benzoicum gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Acid, carbolicum gr. ij. to gr. v. 
 
 Acid, citricum gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Acid, hydrocyanic, dilut Tttj. to TTbiv. 
 
 Acid, lacticum fSss. to f Sij - 
 
 Acid, muriaticum dilut TILx. to TfLxxx. 
 
 Acid, nitric, dilut TTLx. to Ttlxxx. 
 
 Acid, phosphoricum dilut. ..Ttlx. to f Sj • 
 
 Acid, sulphuric, dilut Tlbx. to Trfxxx. 
 
 Acid, tannicum gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Acid, tartaricum gr. v. to Sss. 
 
 Aconitia gr. 1 J 0 to gr. 
 
 Aconiti folium gr. j. to gr. ij. 
 
 Aconiti radix gr. ss. to gr. j. 
 
 AEther TTlxx. to ITflx. 
 
 AEther fortior TTpxx. to fSj. 
 
 iEther sulphuricus DXxx. to fSj. 
 
 Aletris gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Allium Sss. to Sij. 
 
 Aloe gr. iij. to gr. xv. 
 
 Althaea Sj. to Sss. 
 
 Alumen gr. v. to 9j. 
 
 Aluminae et ammon. sul gr. v. to 9j. 
 
 Ammoniacum gr. x. to 9j. 
 
 Ammonia? carbonas gr. v. to 9j. 
 
 Ammoniae murias gr. v. to 9j. 
 
 Ammoniae valerianas gr. ij. to gr. viii. 
 
 Anethum gr. xv. to Sj. 
 
 Angelica Sss. tcTSj. 
 
 Angustura gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Anisum gr. xv. to 3j. 
 
 Antliemis 9j. to 3ij. 
 
 Ant. et pot. tart, diaph gr. ^ to gr. £. 
 
 Ant. et pot. tart, emetic gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 Antimonii oxidum gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 Antimon. sulph. praecip gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 Apocynum cannab.(pulv.)...gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Aqua acidi carbon ad libitum. 
 
 Aq. ammo, (dilut. in water).. TTLx. to TIL xxx. 
 
 Aqua cinnamomi fSss. to f Sij. 
 
 Aqua creasoti f Sj - to fSij. 
 
 Aqua foeniculi f Sj- to fSiv. 
 
 Aqua laurocerasi TILxxx. to f3j. 
 
 Aqua menthae piperitae f Sj. to fSiv. 
 
 Aqua menthae viridis f Sj. to fSiv. 
 
 Aqua rosae ad libitum. 
 
 Aralia nudicaulis 9j. to Sj. 
 
 Aralia spinosa 9j. to 3j. 
 
 Argenti nitras gr. to gr. ij. 
 
 Argenti oxidum 5 gr. to gr. ij. 
 
 Armoraciae radix 9j. to Sj. 
 
 Arnica gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Arsenici iodidum to £ of a gr. 
 
 Arum gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Asarum gr. xx. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Asclepias gr. xx. to 3j. 
 
 692 
 
 Assafoetida ;...gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Atropia gr. A 0 to gr. X. 
 
 Atropia? sulphas gr. 1( 5> 0 to gr. 
 
 Aurantii amari cortex Sss. to Sj. 
 
 Azedarach (decoc.) (for a 
 
 child) , a tablespoonful. 
 
 Balsamum Peruwianum gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Balsamum Tolutanum gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Barii cliloridum. See Liquor Barii Chloridi. 
 
 Belladonnae folia gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Bella donna? radix gr. ss. to gr. iij. 
 
 Benzoinum gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Berberin gr. j. to gr. x. 
 
 Bismuthi subcarbonas gr. v. to gr. xlv. 
 
 Bismuthi subnitras gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Bistortae radix gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Brominium gr. £ to gr. ij. 
 
 Brucia gr. j to gr. 
 
 Buchu gr. xx. to Sj. 
 
 Cadmii sulphas gr. ss. to gr. ij. 
 
 Calamus gr. x. to Sj. 
 
 Calcis carbonas praecip gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Calumba gr. x. to 9j. 
 
 Camphora gr. j. to gr. x. 
 
 Canella gr. x. to 3ss. 
 
 Cantliaris gr. ss. to gr. j. 
 
 Capsicum gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Cardamomum gr. v. to 9j. 
 
 Carthamus (infus.) f Sij. to fSiv. 
 
 Carum Dj. to Sj. 
 
 Caryophyllus gr. v. to 9j. 
 
 Cascarilla gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Cassia fistula 3ij. to Sj. 
 
 Cassia Marilandica Sj. to Siij. 
 
 Castoreum gr. v. to 9j. 
 
 Cataria Sj. to Sij. 
 
 Catechu gr. v. to Sss. 
 
 Cetaceum gr. xv. to Siss. 
 
 Chenopodium 9j. to 9ij. 
 
 Chimaphila Sss. to Sj. 
 
 Chiretta gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Chloroformum purific TTLv. to TTLxl. 
 
 Cirnicifuga gr. x. to 3ss. 
 
 Cinchona pulv 3ss. to Sss. 
 
 Cinchoniae sulphas gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Cinnamomi oleum T1Lj. to fTfiv. 
 
 Cinnamomum gr. v. to 9j. 
 
 Colchici radix gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Colchici semen gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 Confectio aromatica gr. x. to 3j. 
 
 Confectio aurantii corticis..5j. to Sj. 
 
 Confectio opii gr. x. to 9ij. 
 
 Confectio rosa? Sj. to Sj. 
 
 Confectio senna? Sj. to Sss. 
 
 Conium gr. ij. to gr. v. 
 
 Contrayerva? radix gr. x. to Sj. 
 
 Copaiba TILxv. to f 3j. 
 
 Coptis (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. (Tinct.) f Ssa 
 to f Sj- 
 
 Coriandrum 3j. to Sj. 
 
 Cornus (pulv.) 9j. to 3j. 
 
 Cornus circinata (pulv.) 9j. to Sj. 
 
TABLE OF DOSES. 
 
 Cornus sericea (pulv.) 9j. to 5j- 
 
 Cotula, infusion fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Creta praeparata gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Crocus gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Cubeba 3j. to 3iij- 
 
 Cumini semina 9j. to 3j- 
 
 Cupri subacetas used externally. 
 
 Cupri sulphas, emetic gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Cupri sulphas, tonic gr. £ to gr. j. 
 
 Cuprum ammoniatum gr. £ to gr. iv. 
 
 Curcuma gr.,v. to 3ss. 
 
 Cuspariae cortex gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Cusso (or Koosso) Sss. 
 
 Cydonium ad libitum. 
 
 Cypripedium gr. x. to gr. xv. 
 
 Decoct, cetrariae fgij. to fgiij. 
 
 Decoct, chirnaphilae fgij. to fgiij. 
 
 Decoct, cinchonas fgj. to f ' 5 i j - 
 
 Decoct, cornfis florida; f Sj. to fgij. 
 
 Decoct, dulcamaras fgss. to fgij. 
 
 Decoct, haematoxyli fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Decoct, quercfts alb fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Decoct, sarsaparillas f giij- to fgvi. 
 
 Decoct, sarsaparillae comp...f giij. to fgvi. 
 
 Decoct, senegas fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Decoct, uvae ursi fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Delphinium (tinct. of seed)..Tllx. to lllxxx. 
 
 Digitalin gr. to gr. fo. 
 
 Digitalis (folia) gr. £ to gr. iij. 
 
 Diospyros (dried) 5j- to 5ij- 
 
 Dracontium gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Dulcamara gr. xx. to 5j. 
 
 Elatcrium gr. 1 or 4: to gr. j. 
 
 Ergota gr. v. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Erigeron (infus.) fgij. to fgiij. 
 
 Erigeron Canadense(pulv.)..gr. xx. to 5j. 
 
 Euonymus (pulv.) 3j. to 3j. 
 
 Eupatorium (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Euphorbia corollata, eme<i'c..gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Extract, absinth gr. x. to 3j. 
 
 Extract, aconiti gr. ss. to gr. j. 
 
 Extract, aconiti alcohol gr. £ to gr. j. or ij. 
 
 Extract, aloes gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Extract, antliemidis fluid... Tllxx. to f5j. 
 
 Extract, arnicas alcohol gr. £ to gr. j. 
 
 Extract, belladonnas gr. £ to gr. ij. 
 
 Ext. belladonnae alcohol gr. £ to gr. ij. 
 
 Extract, buchu fluidum f5j. 
 
 Extract, cannabis gr. £ to gr. v. 
 
 Extract, cimicifugae fluid.. .f 5ss. 
 
 Extract, cinclionae gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Extract, cinchonas fluid ?5ss. to f 3j- 
 
 Extract, colchici acet gr. b to gr. ij. 
 
 Ext. colchici rad. fluid TTlv. to Tllxv. 
 
 Ext. colchici seminis fluid.. Tip v. to Tllxv. 
 Extract, colocynth. alcoh...gr. iij. to gr. vi. 
 
 3ixt. colocynth. comp gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Extract, conii gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Extract, conii alcohol gr. j. to gr. iv. 
 
 Extract, conii fluidum TTlv. to TTlx. 
 
 Extract, digitalis alcohol.... gr. ss. to gr. ij. 
 
 Extract, dulcamaras gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Ext. dulcamaras fluidum Tllxx. to f Sj- 
 
 Extract, ergotas fluidum Tllx. to f3ss. 
 
 Extract, gentianae gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Ext. gentianae fluidum f5ss. to f 5j 
 
 Extract, glycyrrhizae ad libitum. 
 
 Extract, graminis gr. v. to gr. xx. 
 
 Extract, hasmatoxyli gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Extract, hellebori alcohol. ..gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Extract, humuli gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Extract, hyoscyami gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Extract, hyoscyami alcoh...gr. j. to gr. iv. 
 
 Ext. hyoscyami fluidum Tllv. to TTlx. 
 
 59 
 
 Extract, ignatias alcohol gr. 1 to gr. 
 
 Extract, ipecacuan. fluid Tllj. to TTfxx. 
 
 Extract, jalapae gr. v. to gr. xx. 
 
 Extract, juglandis gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Extract, krameriae gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Extract, lactucae gr. ij. to gr. xv. 
 
 Extract, lupulinae fluidum.. TTlv. to TTlx. 
 
 Ext. nuci8 vomicae alcoh gr. £ to gr. ij. 
 
 Extract, opii gr. 1 to gr. j. 
 
 Extract, papaveris gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Extract, podophylli gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Ext. pruni Virgin, fluidum.. fgj. 
 
 Extract, quassiae gr. iij. to gr. v. 
 
 Extract, rhei gr. v. to gr. xx. 
 
 Extract, rhei alcohol gr. v. to gr. xx. 
 
 Extract, rhei fluidum f 5s8. to f Sj- 
 
 Extract. sarsaparillas gr. x. to 5j. 
 
 Extract, sarsap. fluidum f 3j. 
 
 Extract, senegas alcohol gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Extract, sennae fluidum f gss. 
 
 Extract, serpentarise fluid...f 3ss. to/f3j- 
 Ext. spigeliae et sen. fluid. . . f 3 i j - 
 
 Extract, spigelias fluid f 5j - 
 
 Extract, stramonii gr- j- to gr. ij. 
 
 Extract, stramonii alcoh gr. 1 to gr. j. 
 
 Extract, taraxaci gr. x. to 3j- 
 
 Extract, taraxaci fluidum. ..f'5j. to f5ij. 
 Extract, uva ursi fluidum... f 3j to fgij. 
 Extract, valerianae alcoh. ...gr. v. to gr. x. 
 Extract, valerianae fluid.. ...f3j. 
 
 Ext. veratri virid. fluid TTlv. to TTlx. 
 
 Ext. /.ingiberis fluidum TTlx. to Tllxx. 
 
 Ferri chloridum gr. iij. to gr. v. 
 
 Ferri citras gr. iij. to gr. vj. 
 
 Ferri et ammonias citras gr. iij t > gr. vj. 
 
 Ferri et ammon. sulphas gr. x. t> gr. xv. 
 
 Ferri et ammon. tartras gr. x. to 3ss. 
 
 Ferri et potassae tartras gr. x. to 3ss. 
 
 Ferri et quinia 1 citras gr. v. 
 
 Ferri ferrocyanidum ...gr. ij. to gr. v. 
 
 Ferri lactas gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Ferri oxidum hydrat. (as an 
 
 antidote to arsenic) fgss. to fgiv. 
 
 Ferri phosphas gr. iij. to gr. x. 
 
 Ferri pulvis gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 Ferri pyrophosplias gr. iij. to gr. x. 
 
 Ferri subcarbonas gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Ferri sulphas gr. ij. to gr. vj. 
 
 Ferri sulphas exsiccata gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Ferrurn ammoniatum gr. iij. to gr. x. 
 
 Ferrum redactum gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 Ficus ad libitum. 
 
 Filicis radix 5j- to 3ij. 
 
 Fceniculi semina 3j. to 3j. 
 
 Frasera (pulv.)., gr. xx. to 5j- 
 
 Galbanum gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Galla (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Gambogia gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 Gaultheria (infus.) fgij. 
 
 Gelsemium gr. v. to gr. xx. 
 
 Gentiana gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Gentiana Catesbaei (pulv.)...gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Geranium (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Geum, decoction fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Gillenia(pulv.) gr. xx. to gr. xxx 
 
 Glycerina f5j- to f 3ij- 
 
 Gossypii radix gr. v. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Granati cortex 3j. to 3j- 
 
 Guaiaci lignum 3j- to 3U- 
 
 Guaiaci resina gr. x. to 3j. 
 
 Hedeoma 5j. to 3ij. 
 
 Helianthemum extractum..gT. j. to gr. ij. 
 
 Helleborus gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Hepatica (infus.) gij. to giv. 
 
TABLE OF DOSES. 
 
 Heuchera gj. to gij. 
 
 Humulus gr. v. to 9j 
 
 Hydrarg. chlorid. corrosiv...gr. A to gr 
 Hydr. chlor. mite, alterat... gr. A to gr 
 Hydr. cblor. mite, cathar... gr. v. to 3j 
 
 Hydrarg. cyanidum gr. A to gr 
 
 Hydrarg. iodidum rubrum..gr. ^ to gr. 
 
 Hydrarg. iodidum viride gr. £ to gr. iij. or iv. 
 
 Hydrarg. oxidum nigrum... gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 Hydrarg. oxidum rubrum...used externally. 
 Hydr. sulphas liava, emet....g r. ij. to gr. y. 
 Hydrarg. sulpliuret. nigr....gr. v. to 9j. 
 Hydrargyrum ammoniat....used externally. 
 Hydrargyrum cum creta....gr. iij. to gr. x. 
 
 Hydrastis gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Hyoscyami folinm gr. iij. to gr. x. 
 
 Ilyoscyami semen gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Ignatia (pulv.) gr. iij. to gr. v. 
 
 I n fu sum angusturae fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum anthemidis fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum buchu..... f 5 j . to 15 ij. 
 
 Infusum calumbae — f 5j - to fgij. 
 
 Infusum capsici fgss. to fgj. 
 
 Infusum caryophylli f gj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum cascarillae fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum catecliu comp fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum cinchonae Havre fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum cinchona? rubra?. . .f gj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum digitalis f5ij. to fgss. 
 
 Infusum eupatorii fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum gentiause comp. ...fgss. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum humuli fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum juniperi fgij. to fgiv. 
 
 Infusum krameria? fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum lini comp ad libitum. 
 
 Infusum pareira? fgj. to fgij’. 
 
 Infusum picis liquidae fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum pruni Virginianae..f gij. to fgiij. 
 
 Infusum quassia? fgss. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum rhei fgss. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum rosae comp fgss. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum salviae fgij. 
 
 Infusum sennae fgij. to fgiv. 
 
 Infusum serpentariae fgj. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum simarubae fgss. to fgij. 
 
 Infusum spigelia? fgij. to fgviij. 
 
 Infusum taraxaci fgij. 
 
 Infusum valerianae fgij. 
 
 Infusum zingiberis fgij. 
 
 Inula 3j. to gj. 
 
 Iodinium gr. £ to gr. ij. 
 
 Ipecacuanha, diaphoretic... gr. ss. to gr. ij. 
 
 Ipecacuanha, emetic gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Iris versicolor gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Jala pa gr. x. to 9j. 
 
 Juniperus 3j. to gj. 
 
 Juniperus Virginiana no dose. 
 
 Kino gr. x. to gss. 
 
 Koosso, or Kousso. See Cusso. 
 
 Krameria (extract) gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Lactucarium gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Lappa 3j. to 5ij. 
 
 Lauri baccae gr. x. to 9j. 
 
 Leptandra (pulv.) gr. xv. to gj. 
 
 Leptaudrin gr. £ to gr. j. 
 
 Liinonis cortex adjuvant. 
 
 Linum catharticum 3j. to gj. 
 
 Liquor ammoniae. See Aqua Ammoniae. 
 
 Liquor ammonite acetatis...f gij. to fgss. 
 
 Liquor barii chloridi TTfiij. to TTfx. 
 
 Liquor calcis fgj. to fgiv. 
 
 Liquor calcis chloridi ITfxx. to fgj. 
 
 Liquor ferri citratis.. Tty. to TTy. 
 
 Liquor ferri iodidi. See Syrupus Ferri Iodidi. 
 
 694 
 
 Liquor ferri nitratis Tty. to Tty v. or xx 
 
 Liquor iodinii comp Tty. to Tiyxx. 
 
 Liquor magnesite citratis. ..f gxij. 
 
 Liquor morphia? sulphatis...f 5ss. to fgij. 
 
 Liquor potassa? Tty. to Tiyx. 
 
 Liquor potassse arsenitis Try. to Tiyx. 
 
 Liquor potassa? carbonatis. ..Tty . to fgj. 
 
 Liquor potassa? citratis fgss. 
 
 Liquor soda? Tty. to Ttyx. 
 
 Liriodendron (pulv.) gj. to gij. 
 
 Lithia? carbonas... gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Lobelia, emetic gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Lupulina gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Lycopus I pt. to 1 pt. 
 
 Macis 3j. to gss. 
 
 Magnesia...'. 3j.to gj. 
 
 Magnesia? carbonas gj. to gij. 
 
 Magnesia? sulphas gss. to gj. 
 
 Magnolia (pulv.) gss. to gj. 
 
 Manganesii carbonas gr. v. 
 
 Manganesii sulphas, ca£/t....gj. to gij. 
 
 Manna gss. to gj. 
 
 Marrubium 3j. to gj. 
 
 Mastiche gr. x. to gss. 
 
 Matico (pulv.) gss. to gij. 
 
 Matricaria gj. to gss. 
 
 Melissa gj. to gij. 
 
 Mentha piperita gj. to gij. 
 
 Mezereum gr. x. to gss. 
 
 Mistura ammoniaci ...fgss. 
 
 Mistura amygdala? fgij. to fgviii. 
 
 Mistura assafoetidas fgss. to fgij. 
 
 Mistura chloroform i fgss. to fgj. 
 
 Mistura cretoe fgss. 
 
 Mistura ferri comp fgss. 
 
 Mistura glycyrrhizae comp.. .a tablespoonful. 
 
 Mistura potassa? citratis fgss. 
 
 Monarda gj. to gij. See Oleum Monardaa 
 
 Morphia gr. j to gr. £. 
 
 Morphia? acetas gr. } to gr. £. 
 
 Morphiae murias gr. £ to gr. £. 
 
 Morphia? sulphas gr. j to gr. £. 
 
 Moschus gr. j. to gr. x. 
 
 Mucilago acacia? fgij. to fgj. 
 
 Mucilago sassafras fgij. to fgj. 
 
 Mucuna (syrup) fgij. to fgiv. 
 
 Myristica gr. x. to gss. 
 
 Myrrha gr. x. to 9j. 
 
 Nectandra gr. ij. to gr. v. 
 
 Nux vomica gr. v. 
 
 Oleoresina capsici gr. | to gr. £. 
 
 Oleoresina cubebae TThij . to TTfx. 
 
 Oleoresina lupulina? TTy. to ITliij. 
 
 Oleoresina piperis Ilf ^ to try. 
 
 Oleoresina zingiberis TTf i to TTf j. 
 
 Oleum amygdalae amara?....TTf | to TT]j. 
 
 Oleum amygdalae dulcis fgj. to fgss. 
 
 Oleum anisi TTf v. to Tl^xr. 
 
 Oleum anthemidis Tlfv. to TTfx. 
 
 Oleum cajuputi M^j. to Ttfij. 
 
 Oleum camphorae TTf j. to Tlf v. 
 
 Oleum cari Tty. to TT|_ viil 
 
 Oleum caryophylli Tlf j. to TTfv. 
 
 01. chenopodii (for child).... Try. to Tllx. 
 
 Oleum cinnamomi Ttl_ j. to llfv. 
 
 Oleum copaibae T?Ix. to ttlxv. 
 
 Oleum cubeba? Tllvi. to TTfxii. 
 
 Oleum erigerontis Canad....TlI j. to Try. 
 
 Oleum foeniculi Tty. to TTIx. 
 
 Oleum gaultheria? TTf j. to Tlliij. 
 
 Oleum liedeomae TTIj. to Tlfv. 
 
 Oleum juniperi Tty. to TTyr. 
 
 Oleum lavandula? TTIj. to Tty. 
 
 Oleum limonis Tty. to TTl_v. 
 
TABLE OF DOSES. 
 
 Oleum lini f 5ij. to fSj. 
 
 Oleum menthaj piperitae TUv. to T)[x. 
 
 Oleum mcnthae viridis TTLv. to Tlfx. 
 
 Oleum monardae opij. to Pliij. 
 
 Oleum morrhuae fSij. to f Sj- 
 
 Oleum myristicaj Tty . to Tllv. 
 
 Oleum olivai fSij. to f Sij- 
 
 Oleum origani TT\.j. to Try. 
 
 Oleum pimentae TJXij - to Trfvi. 
 
 Oleum pulegii TIXi. to try. 
 
 Oleum ricini f3ss. tofSj. 
 
 Oleum rosmarini Tllij. to Tiy. 
 
 Oleum sabinse Try. to Try. 
 
 Oleum sassafras Tty. to Tty. 
 
 Oleum sesami f5j. to fSss. 
 
 Oleum succini rectificatuni..Tiy. to TTpxv. 
 
 Oleum tabaci Tlf £ to Tip ±. 
 
 Oleum tcrebinthinae, anth...f 5j. to f3ss. 
 
 Oleum terebinthinae, diur...Tt\x. to f5ss. 
 
 Oleum theobromae 5j. to 3»s. 
 
 Oleum thymi Tipv. to liPx. 
 
 Oleum tiglii Ttys. to Tipj. 
 
 Oleum Valeriana} TTfij. to Tty. 
 
 Opium gr. £ to gr. iij. 
 
 Oxymel f5j. to f3ss. 
 
 Oxymel scilla} fSss. to f5ij. 
 
 Panax 5ss. to 5j. 
 
 Papaver 3j. to 5ij. 
 
 Pareira gr. xx. to 5j. 
 
 Pepo 3j. 
 
 Petroselinum applied externally. 
 
 Phytolacca} baccm (tinct.)...f 5j. 
 
 Pil. aloes gr. iv. to gr. x. 
 
 Pil. aloes et assafoetidae gr. viii. to 3j. 
 
 Pil. aloes et mastiches gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Pil. aloes et myrrhae gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Pil. antimonii compos gr. iij. to gr. vi. 
 
 Pil. assafoetidae gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Pil. cathart. compos gr. iij. to gr. x. 
 
 Pil. copaibai gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Pil. ferri carbonatis gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Pil.' Terri compositae pil. i. to pil. ij. 
 
 Pil. ferri iodidi pil. j. to pil. iij. 
 
 Pil. galbani comp gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Pil. hydrarg. alterative gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Pil. hydrarg. cathartic gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Pil. opii pil. £ to pil. j. 
 
 Pil. quiniae sulphatis pil- j- to pil. v. 
 
 Pil. rhei gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Pil. rhei composita; gr. x. to 3j. 
 
 Pil. saponis compositae gr. iij. to gr. xviii. 
 
 Pil. scillae comp gr. v. to 3ss. 
 
 Piinenta gr. v. to 3ij. 
 
 Piper gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Piperina gr. £ to gr. ij. 
 
 Pix Iiquida gr. xx. to 5j- 
 
 Plumbi acetas gr. £ to gr. v. 
 
 Plumbi iodidum gr. £ to gr. iij. or iv. 
 
 Plumbi nitras gr. £ to gr. £. 
 
 Podophyllum about gr. xx. 
 
 Polygala rubella gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Potassa. See Liquor Potassae. 
 
 Potassa cum calce externally. 
 
 Potassa* acetas 3j.to 5j. 
 
 Potassa} bicarbonas gr. xv. to 5j. 
 
 Potassae bichromas, emetic.. .gr. £ to gr. £. 
 
 Potassae bisulphas 3j. to 5ij. 
 
 Potassae bitartras, aper 5j- to 3ij. 
 
 Potassae bitartras, cath Sss. 
 
 Potassae carbonas 3ss. to Sss. 
 
 Potassae carbonas pur gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Potassae chloras gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Potassae citras gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Potassae et sodae tartras 3ij. to Sj. 
 
 Potassae nitras gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Potassae permanganas gr. £ to gr. ij. 
 
 Potassae sulphas ......3j. to £ij. 
 
 Potassae tartras 5j- to 3ss. 
 
 Potassii bromidum gr. iij. to gr. x. 
 
 Potassii cyanidum gr. to gr. j. 
 
 Potassii ferrocyanidum gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Potassii iodidum gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Potassii sulphuretum gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Prinos (pulv.) gr. xx. to 3j. 
 
 Prunus Virginiaua (pulv.)...gr. xx. to 5j. 
 
 Pulv. aloes et canellae gr. x. to 3j. 
 
 Pulv. aromaticus gr. x. to 3j. 
 
 Pulv. ipecacuan. compos gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Pulv. jalapae compositae gr. xxx. to 3j- 
 
 Pulv. rhei compos 5-ss. to 3j. 
 
 Pyre thrum gr. iij. to gr. x. 
 
 Quassia gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Quercusalba 3j. to 5j. 
 
 Quercus tinctoria gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Quiniae sulphas gr. j. to gr. xv. 
 
 Quiniae valerianas gr. j. to gr. ij. 
 
 Resina jalapae gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Resina podophylli, alter gr. ^ to gr. j. 
 
 Resina podophylli, cathar... gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Resina scammonii gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Rheum gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Rhus glabrum gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Rosa centi folia ad libitum. 
 
 Rosa Gallica 3j. to 5j- 
 
 Rosmarinus gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Rottlera (pulv.) 5ij. to 5iv. 
 
 Rubia gr. x. to 3ss. 
 
 Rubus (pulv.) gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Ruta 3j. to 3ij. 
 
 Sabadilla gr. v. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Sabbatia (pulv.) gr. xx. to 3j. 
 
 Sabina gr. v. to gr. x. 
 
 Saccliarum lactis adjuvant. 
 
 Salieina gr. iij. to gr. vi. 
 
 Salix gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Salvia (pulv.) gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Sambucus 5j- to 3ij. 
 
 Sanguinaria, emetic gr. x. to gr. xx. 
 
 Santonica gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Santoninum gr. j. to gr. iv. 
 
 Sapo gr. v. to 3j. 
 
 Sarsaparilla 3j. to 5j. 
 
 Sassafras medulla 3j. to 5j- 
 
 Sassafras radicis cortex 5j- to 5ij. 
 
 Scammouium gr. ij. to gr. x. 
 
 Scilla gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Scoparius (pulv.) gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Scutellaria 5ij. 
 
 Senega gr. x. to 3ss. 
 
 Senna 5ss. to 5ij. 
 
 Serpentaria gr. x. to 3j. 
 
 Sesami folium ad libitum. 
 
 Simaruba 3j. to 5j. 
 
 Sinapis alba 3j. to 5ij. 
 
 Sinapis nigra 3j. to 3ij. 
 
 Sodae acetas 3j. to 5ij. 
 
 Sodae bicarbonas 3ss. to 3ss. 
 
 Sodae boras gr. v. to 3ss. 
 
 Sodae et potassae tartras. See Potassae et Sodae 
 Tartras. 
 
 Sodae nitras gr. v. to gr. xx. 
 
 Sodae phosplias Sss. to 3ij. 
 
 Sodae sulphas 5ij. to 3j. 
 
 Sodm sulphis 3ss. to 5j. 
 
 Solidago, infusion f 3ij. to fSiv. 
 
 Spigelia gr. x. to 3ij. 
 
 Spira}a, extract gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Spiritus aetheris comp .f-Jss. to ?5ij. 
 
 695 
 
TABLE OF DOSES. 
 
 Spirit us aetheris nitrosi f3ss. to fSj. 
 
 Spiritus aetheris sulphurici..f 5ss. to foj. 
 
 Spiritus ammonias f3ss. to f 5j. 
 
 Spiritus ammoniae aromat...f 5ss. to f5j. 
 
 Spiritus anisi f 5ss. to fSj. 
 
 Spiritus camphorne TTlv. to t‘5j. 
 
 Spiritus cliloroformi f5ss. to f'5j. 
 
 Spiritus cinnamomi f 5j. to foij. 
 
 Spiritus frumenti fSss. to fSj. 
 
 Spiritus juniperi comp f oj. to f Sss. 
 
 Spiritus lavandulae Tllxxx. to f3j. 
 
 Spiritus lavandulae comp...f 3ss. to foij. 
 
 Spiritus limonis f3j. to f3ij. 
 
 Spiritus menthae piperitae...f 3ss. to foij. 
 
 Spiritus menthae viridis f 3ss. to foij. 
 
 Spiritus myrciae used externally. 
 
 Spiritus myristicae f 5ss. to f 3ij- 
 
 Spiritus rosmarini Ttlxxx. to l'3j. 
 
 Spiritus vini Gallici f 3ij - to fSss. 
 
 Spongia usta 3ss. to oj. 
 
 Stannum 5j- to oij. 
 
 Stapliisagriae semina gr. iij. to gr. x. 
 
 Statice gr. xv. to 3ss. 
 
 Stillingia (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Stramonii folium gr. ij. to gr. v. 
 
 Strychnia gr. A to gr. \. 
 
 Strychniae sulphas gr. ^ to gr. £. 
 
 Stvrax gr. x. to 5ss. 
 
 Sulphur lotum 3ss. to oij. 
 
 Sulphur prsecipitatum 3ss. to 5ij. 
 
 Sulphur sublimatum 5j. to 5iij. 
 
 Sulphuris iodidum used externally. 
 
 Syrupus aurantii cortex f 5j. to f ->iv. 
 
 Syrupus ferri iodidi TTfxx. to Till. 
 
 Syrupus ipecacuanhas 5j. to Sj. 
 
 Syrupus krameriae oij. to Sss. 
 
 Syrupus lactucarii f 3j. to f 5ij. 
 
 Syrupus papaveris f5ss. to f 5ij. 
 
 Syrupus pruni Virginianae..f Sss. 
 
 Syrupus rliamni foj.tofSj. 
 
 Syrupus rhei f Sj . to f gij . 
 
 Syrupus rhei aromaticus....f Sss. to fSj. 
 
 Syr. sarsaparillae comp f Sss. 
 
 Syrupus scillae.... f 3ss. to f5j. 
 
 Syr. scillae comp .expect Ttlxx. to f5j. 
 
 Syrupus senegae f 3j- to f3ij. 
 
 Syrupus sennae f 3ij- to f Sj. 
 
 Tabacum (infus.) TTlxl. to lfflx. 
 
 Tamarindus 5iv. to Sij. 
 
 Taraxacum oij. to 5iv. 
 
 Terebintliina 3ss. to oj. 
 
 Terebinthina Canadensis.... TTlv. to TTlx. 
 
 Testa praeparata gr. x. to Sss. 
 
 Tinet. aconiti folii Ttlxv. to Ttlxxx. 
 
 Tinct. aconiti radicis TTTiij . to Ttlx, 
 
 Tinct. aloes fSss. to fSiss. 
 
 Tinct. aloes et myrrhae f3j. to f Sij - 
 
 Tinct. arnicae Ttfxx. to f5j. 
 
 Tinct. assafoetida? f 5j. to f 3ij- 
 
 Tinct. aurantii foj. to foij. 
 
 Tinct. belladonna} Ttlx. to Ttlxxx. 
 
 Tinct. benzoini comp f 5j. to foij. 
 
 Tinct. calumbae f 5j. to foij. 
 
 Tinct. camphone. See Spiritus Cainpliorae. 
 
 Tinct. cannabis TTlv. to TTlxx. 
 
 Tinct. cantharidis Ttlxx. to fSj. 
 
 Tinct. capsici Tt^x. to foj. 
 
 Tinct. cardamomi foj. to l'oij. 
 
 Tinct. cardamomi comp foj. to f 3ij. 
 
 Tinct. castorei foss. to foj. 
 
 Tinct. catechu foj. to foij. 
 
 696 
 
 Tinct. cinchonae ... foj. to foij. 
 
 Tinct. cinchonae comp foj. to fSss. 
 
 Tinct. cinnamomi f 3j. to foiij. 
 
 Tinct. colchici f3ss. to foij. 
 
 Tinct. conii Ttlxx. to TTlxl. 
 
 Tinct. cubebae f£j. to f5ij. 
 
 Tinct. digitalis TTlv. to Ttlxx. 
 
 Tinct. ferri chloridi Ttlx. to TTlxx. 
 
 Tinct. galla? f 5j. to foiij. 
 
 Tinct. gentianae comp f5j. to fSss. 
 
 Tinct. guaiaci f5j. to f Sij - 
 
 Tinct. guaiaci ammon f 5j. to foij. 
 
 Tinct. hellebori TTJ x. to foj. 
 
 Tinct. humuli f Sij. to f Sss. 
 
 Tinct. hyoscyami Ttlxx. to f3j. 
 
 Tinct. iodinii TTfx. to TTlxl. 
 
 Tinct. iodinii comp TTfx. to Tllxxx. 
 
 Tinct. jalapae foj. to foij. 
 
 Tinct. kino f 3j - to f 5ij. 
 
 Tinct. krameriae f3j. to f£ij. 
 
 Tinct. lobelia?, emetic fSss. 
 
 Tinct. lobeliae, expectorant.. f 5ss. to foj. 
 
 Tinct. lupulinae fSj. to foij. 
 
 Tinct. myrrhae fSss. to foj. 
 
 Tinct. nucis vomicae TTlv. to Ttlxx. 
 
 Tinct. opii TT^x. to TTlxl. 
 
 Tinct. opii acetata Ttlx. to Ttlxxx. 
 
 Tinct. opii camphorata f 5j. to fSss. 
 
 Tinct. opii deodorata gr. x. to gr. xl. 
 
 Tinct. quassiae t'5j. to f Sij. 
 
 Tinct. rhei foj. to fSss. 
 
 Tinct. rhei et gentianae fSss. to f Sj. 
 
 Tinct. rhei et senna? fSss. to fSj. 
 
 Tinct. sang. exp. and alt TTfxxx. to Tlllx. 
 
 Tinct. scillae TTfx. to f 5ss. 
 
 Tinct. sennae et jalapae fSss. to fSj. 
 
 Tinct. serpentaria? foj. to f$ij. 
 
 Tinct. stramonii Ttlx. to TTlxx. 
 
 Tinct. tolutana ;....f5ss. to fSj. 
 
 Tinct. Valerianae f 5j. to f 5iij. 
 
 Tinct. valerianae ammon f 5j- to f 5ij. 
 
 Tinct. veratri viridis TTlv. to Ttlxx. 
 
 Tinct. zingiberis f 3ss. to f 3j. 
 
 Tormentilla 3ss. to Sss. 
 
 Toxicodendron gr. j. to gr. x. 
 
 Tragacantha gr. x. to 5j. 
 
 Triosteum gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Ulmus fulva ad libitum. 
 
 Uva ursi 5ss. to 5j. 
 
 Valeriana 3j. to 3j. 
 
 Veratria gr. to gr. }. 
 
 Veratrum album gr. j. to gr. ij. 
 
 Veratrum viride gr. ij. to gr. v. 
 
 Vinum aloes f Sj. to f Sss. 
 
 Vinum antimonii, expect T7\x. to f^ss. 
 
 Vinum colchici radicis Ttlx. to f Sss. 
 
 Vinum colchici seminis 5j. to 5ij. 
 
 Vinum ergotae 5j. to 3ij. 
 
 Vin. ipecacuanhae, diaph. ...TTlx. to foss. 
 
 Vin. ipecacuanha?, emetic... A Sij • to f Sj - 
 
 Vinum opii Tllv. to Ttlxxx. 
 
 Vinum rhei f Sij . to fSss. 
 
 Xanthorrhiza 3j. to oj. 
 
 Xanthoxylum (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
 
 Zinci carbonas praecip .gr. j. to gr. v. 
 
 Zinci chloridum used externally. 
 
 Zinci oxydum gr. j. to gr. vi. 
 
 Zinci sulphas, emetic gr. x. to gr. xv. 
 
 Zinci sulphas, tonic gr. £ to gr. ij. 
 
 Zinci valerianas gr. j. to gr. ij. 
 
 Zingiber gr. v. to 5 sb. 
 
TABLE OF CHEMICAL SYMBOLS. 
 
 TABLE OF CHEMICAL SYMBOLS. 
 
 Aluminum Al. 
 
 Antimony (Stibium) Sb. 
 
 Arsenic As. 
 
 Barium Ba. 
 
 Bismuth Bi. 
 
 Boron B. 
 
 Bromine Br. 
 
 Cadmium Cd. 
 
 Caesium Cs. 
 
 Calcium Ca. 
 
 Carbon C. 
 
 Cerium , Ce. 
 
 Chlorine Cl. 
 
 Chromium ! Cr. 
 
 Cobalt Co. 
 
 Columbiuin (Tantalum) Ta. 
 
 Copper (Cuprum) Cu. 
 
 Didymium Di. 
 
 Fluorine F. 
 
 Gold (Aurum) Au. 
 
 Hydrogen H. 
 
 Indium In.(?) 
 
 Iodine I. 
 
 Iridium Ir. 
 
 Iron (Ferrum) Fe. 
 
 Lantanium La. 
 
 Lead (Plumbum) Pb. 
 
 Lithium L. 
 
 Magnesium Mg. 
 
 Manganese Mn. 
 
 Mercury (Hydrargyrum) Hg. 
 
 Molybdenum Mo. 
 
 Nickel Ni, 
 
 Nitrogen N. 
 
 Osmium Os. 
 
 Oxygen 0. 
 
 Palladium ...Pd. 
 
 Phosphorus P. 
 
 Platinum Pt. 
 
 Potassium (Kalium) K. 
 
 Rhodium R. 
 
 Rubidium Rb. 
 
 Ruthenium Ru. 
 
 Selenium Se. 
 
 Silicon Si. 
 
 Silver (Argentum) ....Ag. 
 
 Sodium (Natrium) Na. 
 
 Strontium Sr. 
 
 Sulphur S. 
 
 Tellurium Te. 
 
 Thallium Tl.(?l 
 
 Thorium Th. 
 
 Tin (Stannum) Sn. 
 
 Tungsten (Wolframium) W. 
 
 Uranium U. 
 
 Vanadium V. 
 
 Yttrium Y. 
 
 Zinc Zn. 
 
 Zirconium Zr. 
 
 Thus, HO is the representative or formula of water: that is, one equivalent of 
 hydrogen (H) combined with one equivalent of oxygen (0). As0 3 is the formula of 
 arsenious acid, a compound consisting of one equivalent of arsenic and three equiva- 
 lents of oxygen. N0 S is the representative of anhydrous nitric acid, indicating 
 that it is composed of one equivalent of nitrogen (N) combined with five equiva- 
 lents of oxygen (0). The number of equivalents of an elementary substance is 
 usually indicated by a small depressed figure following the symbol, as seen in the 
 previous examples; but the number of equivalents of any compound is denoted 
 by a large figure placed before the formula: thus, 3 HO + 2 N0 S is the formula 
 of the officinal (hydrated) nitric acid, indicating that it is composed of three 
 equivalents of water (HO) combined with two equivalents of nitric acid (N0 5 ). 
 
 59* 697 
 
TABLE OF DISPUTED PRONUNCIATIONS; WITH THE PRIN- 
 CIPAL AUTHORITIES IN FAVOR OF EACH. 
 
 The design of the following Table is not merely or principally to gratify the curiosity of the 
 reader, but rather, by showing how very few points there are of any importance, about which the 
 best scientific and classical authorities differ , to convince the student that in his efforts to attain 
 a correct pronunciation of scientific terms, he is not pursuing a chimera, but acquiring an 
 accomplishment which will be highly appreciated by the truly learned in every part of the 
 world. (See Preface,) 
 
 Anconeus; Dunglison, Hooper. Anco'neus; Mayne. Anconse'us: Kraus.* * * § 
 
 Aristolo'chia ; Gray, White and Riddle, f Wittstein. Ari$tolochi a;j: Dun- 
 glison, Hooper, Mayne. 
 
 Cad'mia; Ainsworth, Webster, Worcester. Cadmi'a; Dunglison, Hooper, 
 Mayne. Cadmi'a or €ad'mia;J White and Riddle. 
 
 Cadmium; Brande, Webster, Worcester. Cadmi um; Dunglison, Hooper, 
 Mayne. 
 
 Dioscore'a; Gray, Wittstein. Diosco'rea; Hooper, Mayne. Dioscore'a or 
 Diosco'rea; Dunglison. 
 
 Hydrange'a;£ Wittstein. Hydrangea; Gray. Hydrang-e'a or Hy- 
 drangea; Dunglison. 
 
 laryngeal; Dunglison, Hooper, Mayne. Daryn'geal; Worcester. laryn- 
 ge'al or ILaryn'geal; Webster. 
 
 Darynge'us; Dunglison, Hooper, Mayne. Daryn'gens; Kraus. 
 
 Lochi'a; Mayne. ILo'cliia; Hooper. I<ochi'a or Lo'cliia; Dunglison. 
 
 Madar. See Mudar. 
 
 Meningeal; Mayne, Worcester. Meninge al or Menin geal; Dunglison. 
 
 Mezere'um; Mayne, Wittstein. Meze'reum; U.S. Pharmacopoeia. Meze'- 
 reum or Mezere'um; Dunglison. 
 
 Mu-dar' (Calot' ropis gigante'a) ; Thompson. || Mudar; Ainslie.ff 
 
 Olec'raiion ; Hooper. Olecra'non;** Kraus, Mayne. Olec'ranon or Ole- 
 cranon; Dunglison. 
 
 * Author of the “ Kritisch-Etymologisches Medicinisches Lexikon,” Gottingen, 1826. 
 
 f Editors of an excellent “ Latin-English Dictionary” recently published by Longman, 
 London. 
 
 J It may be remarked that, with respect to the most important root in Aristolochia (lochia), 
 usage was divided among the Greeks themselves. Some writers have \o\eCa ( locheia ), others, 
 Aoxta (lochia); so Cadmia has two forms in Greek, Ka.8y.eia and k a8;tia. 
 
 § It is to be observed that the penultimate accent is given to this name considered simply 
 as a Latin (or classical) word. 
 
 || Author of an excellent Oordoo (Hindostanee) Dictionary, published at Serampore in 1S38. 
 This pronunciation (mu-dar') is not only supported by the original Hindostanee spelling, but it 
 is confirmed by the prevailing English spelling, Madar , which can scarcely be reconciled with 
 the supposition that the u in the first syllable is long. See Calotropis Gigantea in Wood & 
 Bache’s Dispensatory. 
 
 Author of a valuable work entitled “ Materia Indica,” London, 1826. 
 
 ** Liddell and Scott give the penultima as undoubtedly long — uiAcKp&vor. General usage, 
 however, seems to be in favor of Olec'ranon: and if we may attach any weight to the Greek 
 accent, this pronunciation can at least bo defended. (See Profaco, p. viii.) 
 
 698 
 
DISPUTED PRONUNCIATIONS. 
 
 Parotide'a; Dunglison, Hooper. Parotid'ea (Parotid' eus) ; Mayne. Paro- 
 tid.T'a. Cullen. 
 
 Pem'phigus; Hooper, Kraus. Pemphigus; Mayne. Pem phigus or 
 Pemplii'g'tis; Dunglison. 
 
 Pliarynge'alr Dunglison, Hooper. Pharyn'g-eal; Mayne, Worcester. Pha- 
 ryngeal or Pharynge'al ; Webster. 
 
 Pliarynge'us : Dunglison, Hooper. Pharyn'geus ; :!J Kraus, Mayne. 
 
 Plat 'inuin; Brande, Dunglison, WoTcester. Plati num; Mayne. Plat inum 
 or Plati'num; Webster. 
 
 Syru'pus; Mayne, U. S. Pharmacopoeia. Syr'upus; Krau3. Syr'upus or 
 Syru'pus; Dunglison. 
 
 There is one class of names, about the pronunciation of which considerable diversity 
 prevails, that have not been introduced into the preceding table, because there seems reason to 
 believe that the diversity in question has rather been the result of inadvertency than of any 
 deliberate difference of judgment among scientific writers. We allude to those terminating in 
 -< era derived from a proper name in -er: as, Bray era (from Brayer), Frasera (from Fraser), 
 Heuchera (from Heucher), etc. Some of our best authorities are not always consistent with 
 themselves with respect to this class of names, but, if we mistake not, the general tendency is 
 decidedly in favor of the penultimate accent. The United States Pharmacopoeia gives Braye'ra 
 and Frase'ra with the penultimate accent, but Heu’chera with the antepenultimate. The last 
 is, not improbably, an oversight; for though something might be said in favor of making a 
 difference between Brayera and the other two names, inasmuch as the last syllable of Brayer 
 is long in French, there can be no good reason for making a distinction between Frasera and 
 Heuchera , as the last syllable in both Fraser and Heucher is short. But the reason would not 
 be a good one in any case; the name of Luther, the celebrated Reformer, has the last syllable 
 short in German ( Lu'ther ), yet when Latinized becomes Luthe'rus , and in the Italian and 
 Spanish, cognate languages, it is always Lute'ro. f In consideration of all these reasons and 
 facts, we have deemed it best to adopt a uniform rule, and always to place the accent on the 
 penultima of names of the class above referred to : e.g. Braye'ra , Frase'ra , Heuche'ra, Rottle'ra , 
 etc. etc. 
 
 * In this instance, Dr. Mayne, who is generally so accurate in regard to his Latin and Greek 
 quantities, would seem to be guilty of a palpable inconsistency, since he gives the parallel term 
 Laryngeus with the penultima long. It is, however, proper to observe that this whole class 
 of words (including Anconeus , Parotideus , etc.) are doubtful as to the length of the penultima, 
 vhieh there seems to be no means of determining positively. Even the light of analogy, 
 dubious at best, utterly fails us here : while gigante'us has the penultima unquestionably long, 
 ce'reus , cine'reus , ido'neus, etc. have it short. 
 
 f It is a great mistake to suppose that a Latinized modern name must follow either the 
 quantity or accent of the original. This indeed is the exception, the contrary being the gene- 
 ral rule; at least with respect to names of Teutonic origin: Fred' eric makes Frederi'cus y 
 Hen'ry (German, Hein'ricli), Henri'cus, Lud'wig , Ludovi'cus , Mil'ton, Milto'nus , etc. 
 
 699 
 
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES ACCORDING TO 
 CULLEN’S NOSOLOGY. 
 
 CLASS I. — PYREX'IiE. 
 
 Order I. — Fe'bres. 
 
 II. — Plileg-ma'sise. 
 
 III. — Exaaithem'ata. 
 
 IV. — Hsemorrha'gise. 
 
 V. — Profil u ' via. 
 
 CLASS II. — NEURCKSES. 
 
 Order I. — Co'mata. 
 
 II. — Adynamia*. 
 
 III. — Spasmi. 
 
 IV. — Vesa'nise. 
 
 CLASS III.— CACHEXY. 
 
 Order I. — Marco'res. 
 
 II. — In tumescen ' t iae. 
 
 III. — Impetigr'ines. 
 
 CLASS IV.— LOCATES. 
 
 Order I. — I>y sees the 'sise. 
 
 II. — Dysorex'ise. 
 
 III. — Byscinesise. 
 
 IV. — A poceno 'ses. 
 
 V. — Epis'cheses. 
 
 VI. — Tumo'res. 
 
 V II. — Ecto ' pi ie. 
 
 VIII. — Dial'yses. 
 
 CLASS I. 
 
 PYREXIA. 
 
 Order I. — Fe'bres. Fevers, 
 
 Section I.— Intermitten'tes. Inter mittents. 
 Genus 1. — Tertia'na. Tertian. 
 
 Genus 2. — Quarta'na. Quartan. 
 
 Genus 3. — Quotidia'na. Quotidian. 
 
 Section II. — Contin'uae. Continued Fevers. 
 Genus 4. — Syn'ocha. Pure inflammatory 
 
 fever. 
 
 Genus 5. — Ty'phus. Typhus. 
 
 Genus 6. — Syn'ochus. 
 
 Order II. — Phlegma'si^e. Inflamma- 
 
 tions. 
 
 Genus 1. — Phlogo'sis. Inflammation (of a 
 particular form). 
 
 Genus 2. — Ophthal'mia. Ophthalmy. 
 
 Genus 3. — Phreni'tis. Phrenzy , or brain 
 
 fever. 
 
 Genus 4. — Cynan'che. Sore throat. 
 
 Genua 5. — Pneumo'nia. Inflammation of the 
 lungs. 
 
 Genus 6.— Cardi'tis. Inflammation of the heart. 
 
 Genus 7. — Peritoni'tis. Inflammation of the 
 peritonaeum . 
 
 Genus 8. — Gastri'tis. Inflammation of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Genus 9. — Enteri'tis. Inflammation of the 
 bowels. 
 
 Genus 10. — Hepati'tis. Inflammation of the 
 liver. 
 
 Genus 11. — Spleni'tis. Inflammation of the 
 spleen. 
 
 Genus 12. — Nephri'tis. Inflammation of the 
 kidney. 
 
 Genus 13. — Cysti'tis. Inflammation of the 
 bladder. 
 
 Genus 14. — Ilysteri'tis. Inflammation of the 
 womb. 
 
 Genus 15. — Rheumatis'mus. Rheumatism. 
 
 Genus 16. — Odontal'gia. Toothache. 
 
 Genus 17. — Pod'agra. Gout. 
 
 Genus 18. — Arthropuo'sis (or Arthropyo'sis). 
 Pus in a joint. 
 
 Order III. — Exanthem'ata. Exan- 
 
 thematous Eruptions. 
 
 Genus 1. — Erysip'elas. Erysipelas. 
 
 Genus 2. — Pes'tis. The Plague. 
 
 700 
 
CULLEN’S NOSOLOGY. 
 
 Genus 3. — Vari'ola. Small-Pox. 
 
 Genus 4. — Varicel'la. Chicken-Pox. 
 
 Genus 5. — Rube'ola. Measles. 
 
 Genus 6. — Milia'ria. Miliary fever. 
 
 Genus 7. — Scarlati'na. Scarlet fever. 
 
 Genus 8. — Urtica'ria. Nettle-rash. 
 
 Genus 9. — Pem'phigus. Vesicular fever. 
 Genus 10. — Aph'tha. Superficial ulcer of the 
 mouth. * 
 
 Order IV. — H^emorrha'gi^e. Haemor- 
 rhages. 
 
 Genus 1. — Epistax'is. Bleeding at the nose. 
 Genus 2. — Haemop'tysis. Spitting of blood. 
 Genus 3. — Haemor'rhois. The Piles. 
 
 Genus 4. — Menorrha'gia. Menorrliagy. 
 
 Order Y. — Proflu'via. Morbid Dis- 
 charges, or Fluxes. 
 
 Genus 1. — Catar'rhus. Catarrh. 
 
 Genus 2. — Dysente'ria. Dysentery. 
 
 CLASS II. 
 
 NEUROSES. Nervous Diseases. 
 Order I. — Co'mata. Soporose Diseases. 
 
 Genus 1. — Apoplex'ia. Apoplexy. 
 
 Genus 2. — Paral'ysis. Palsy. 
 
 Order II. — Adyna'mi^e. Diseases con- 
 sisting of a loss or deficiency of the 
 Vital Power. 
 
 Genus 1. — Syn'cope. Fainting. 
 
 Genus 2. — Dyspep'sia. Indigestion. 
 
 Genus 3. — Hypochondriasis. Vapors, or low 
 spirits. 
 
 Genus 4. — Chloro'sis. Green-sickness. 
 
 Order III. — Spas'mi. Spasms. 
 Genus 1. — Tet'anus. Tetanus. 
 
 Genus 2. — Tris'mus. Locked-jaw. 
 
 Genus 3. — Convul'sio. Convulsion. 
 
 Genus 4. — Chore'a. St. Vitus’ Dance. 
 
 Genus 5. — Rapha'nia. 
 
 Genus 6. — Epilep'sia. Epilepsy. 
 
 Genus 7. — Palpi ta'tio. Palpitation. 
 
 Genus 8. — Asth'ma. Asthma. 
 
 Genus 9. — Dyspnoe'a. Difficulty of breath- 
 
 ing ( not asthmatic). 
 
 Genus 10. — Pertus'sis. Hooping-cough. 
 Genus 11. — Pyro'sis. Water-brash. 
 
 Genus 12. — Col'ica. Colic. 
 
 Genus 13. — Chol'era. Cholera. 
 
 Genus 14. — Diarrhoe'a. Diarrhoea. 
 
 Genus 15. — Diabe'tes. Diabetes. 
 
 Genus 16. — Ilyste'ria. Hysterics. 
 
 Genus 17. — Ilydropho'bia. 
 
 Order IV. — Vesa'ni^. Mental De- 
 
 rangements. 
 
 Genus 1. — Amen'tia. Idiocy , or Imbecility. 
 Genus 2. — Melancho'lia. Melancholy. 
 
 Genus 3. — Ma'nia. Madness, Delirium with- 
 out fever. 
 
 Genus 4. — Oneirodyn'ia. Nightmare, or Som- 
 nambulism. 
 
 CLASS III. 
 
 CACHEXEE. Cachectic Diseases. 
 Order I. — Marco'res. Emaciations. 
 
 Genus 1. — Ta'bes. Wasting, or Decline. 
 Genus 2. — Atro'phia. Atrophy. 
 
 Order II. — Intijmescen'tije. Intumes- 
 cence. (Swelling of a part or the 
 whole of the body without inflamma- 
 tion.) 
 
 Genus 1. — Polysar'cia. Excessive corpulence. 
 Genus 2. — Pneumato'sis. Windy swelling ? 
 Genus 3. — Tympani'tes. Wind dropsy, or em- 
 physema. 
 
 Genus 4. — Physome'tra. Windy swelling of 
 the womb. 
 
 Genus 5. — Anasar'ca. General dropsy. 
 
 Genus 6. — Ilydroceplialus. Dropsy of the 
 brain. 
 
 Genus 7. — Ilydrorachi'tis (or Hydrorrhachi'- 
 tis). Dropsy of the spine. 
 
 Genus 8. — Ilydrotho'rax. Dropsy of the 
 
 chest. 
 
 Genus 9. — Asci'tes. Dropsy of the belly. 
 Genus 10. — Ilydrome'tra. Dropsy of the 
 womb. 
 
 Genus 11. — Ilydroce'le. Dropsy of the tes- 
 ticle. 
 
 Genus 12. — Physco'nia. Enlargement of the 
 abdomen. 
 
 Genus 13. — Rachitis. Rickets. 
 
 Order III. — Impetig'ines. Cachectic 
 
 Condition of the Skin or External Por- 
 tion of the Body. 
 
 Genus 1. — Scroph'ula [Scrof 'ula]. Scrofula . 
 Genus 2. — Syph'ilis. Venereal disease. 
 
 Genus 3. — Scorbu'tus. Scurvy. 
 
 Genus 4. — Elephantiasis. 
 
 Genus 5. — Lep'ra. Leprosy. 
 
 Genus 6. — Framboe'sia. The Taws. 
 
 Genus 7. — Tricho'ma. Hair-disease. 
 
 Genus 8. — Ic'terus. Jaundice. 
 
 701 
 
CULLEN’S NOSOLOGY. 
 
 CLASS IY. 
 
 LOCALES. Local Diseases. 
 
 Order I. — Dys.esthe'si,e. Depraved or 
 Defective Perceptions. 
 
 Genus 1. — Cali'go. Dimness of sight , or 
 
 blindness. 
 
 Genus 2. — Amauro'sis. Amaurosis. 
 
 Genus 3. — Dyso'pia, or Dysop'sia. Painful 
 or defective vision. 
 
 Genus 4. — Pseudoblep'sis. False or depraved 
 vision. 
 
 Genus 5. — Dyseco'ia, or Dysecoe'a. Deafness. 
 
 Genus 6. — Paracu'sis. Morbid or depraved 
 hearing. 
 
 Genus 7. — Anos'mia. Loss of the sense of 
 smell. 
 
 Genus 8. — Ageus'tia. Loss of taste. 
 
 Genus 9. — Ana^sthe'sia. Loss of feeling or 
 touch. 
 
 Order II. — Dysorex'i^e. Depraved 
 Appetites. 
 
 Genus 1. — Bulim'ia. Insatiable hunger. 
 
 Genus 2. — Polydip'sia. Excessive ( morbid ) 
 thirst. 
 
 Genus 3.— Pi'ca. Depraved or perverted ap- 
 petite. 
 
 Genus 4. — Satyri'asis. Excessive ( morbid ) 
 sexual desire in males. 
 
 Genus 5. — Nymplioma'nia. Excessive (mor- 
 bid) sexual desire in females. 
 
 Genus 6. — Nostal'gia. Homesickness. 
 
 Genus 7. — Anorex'ia. Want of appetite. 
 
 Genus 8. — Adip'sia. A morbid absence of 
 thirst. 
 
 Genus 9. — Anaplirodis'ia. Absence of sexual 
 desire or of genital power. 
 
 Order III. — Dyscine'si.e. Defective or 
 Imperfect Power of Motion. 
 
 Genus 1. — Apho'nia. Loss of voice. 
 
 Genus 2. — Mu'titas. Dumbness. 
 
 Genus 3. — Parapho'nia. Depraved or dis- 
 eased voice , referring to the sounds as uttered in 
 the larynx. 
 
 Genus 4. — Psellis'mus. Defective or depraved 
 articulation. 
 
 Genus 5. — Strabis'mus. Squinting , or Cross- 
 Eye. 
 
 Genus 6. — Contractu'ra. Contracture. 
 
 Order IV. — Apoceno'ses. Morbid 
 Evacuations. 
 
 Genus 1. — Profu'sio. Hemorrhage. 
 
 Genus 2 . — Ephidro'sis. Excessive morbid per- 
 spiration. 
 
 702 
 
 Genus 3. — Epiph'ora. A superabundant see 
 cretion of tears. 
 
 Genus 4. — Ptyalis'mus. Salivation. 
 
 Genus 5. — Enure'sis. Incontinency of urine. 
 Genus 6. — Gonorrlioe'a. Discharge from the 
 urethra. 
 
 Order V. — Epis'cheses. Suppression 
 of Excretions. 
 
 Genus 1. — Obstipa'tio. Constipation , or Cos- 
 tiveness. 
 
 Genus 2. — Iscku'ria. Retention or stoppage 
 of the urine. 
 
 Genus 3. — Dysu'ria. Difficult or painful dis- 
 charge of urine. 
 
 Genus 4. — Dyspermatis'mus. Imperfect or 
 deficient discharge of semen. 
 
 Genus 5. — Amenorrhce'a. Absence or stop- 
 page of the menstrual discharge. 
 
 Order VI. — Tumo'res. Tumors. 
 
 Genus 1. — Aneuris'ma. Aneurism. 
 
 Genus 2. — Ya'rix. Enlarged or swollen veins. 
 Genus 3. — Eccliymo'ma. Suggilation or suf- 
 fusion of blood into the areolar tissue. 
 
 Genus 4. — Scir'rhus (Schir'rus). Schirrus. 
 Genus 5. — Can'cer. Cancer. 
 
 Genus 6. — Bu'bo. Bubo. 
 
 Genus 7. — Sarco'ma. Sarcoma. 
 
 Genus 8. — Verru'ca. Wart. 
 
 Genus 9. — Cla'vus. Corn. 
 
 Genus 10. — Lu'pia. Wen. 
 
 Genus 11. — Gan'glion. A hard , movable tu- 
 mor on a tendon. 
 
 Genus 12. — Hyd'atis. Hydatid. 
 
 Genus 13. — Hydrar'thrus. White swelling. 
 Genus 14. — Exosto'sis. Tumor of a bone. 
 
 Order VII. — Ecto'pi^e. Displacements , 
 or Protrusions. 
 
 Genus 1. — Iler'nia. Rupture. 
 
 Genus 2. — Prolap'sus. Prolapse. 
 
 Genus 3. — Luxa'tio. Luxation. 
 
 Order VIII. — Dial'yses. Solutions of 
 Continuity. 
 
 Genus 1. — Vul'nus. Wound. 
 
 Genus 2. — Ul'cus. Ulcer. 
 
 Genus 3. — Her'pes. Tetter , or Serpigo. 
 
 Genus 4. — Tin'ea. Scalled-head. 
 
 Genus 5. — Pso'ra. Itch. 
 
 Genus 6. — Fractu'ra. Fracture. 
 
 Genus 7. — Ca'ries. Decay or ulceration of a 
 bone. 
 
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES ACCORDING TO 
 GOOD’S NOSOLOGY. 
 
 CLASS I. 
 
 CCELI'ACA. Diseases of the Digestive Func- 
 tion . 
 
 Order I. — Enter'ica. Diseases affect- 
 ing the Alimentary Canal. 
 
 Genus 1. — Odon'tia. Misdentition, or dis- 
 eases affecting the teeth. 
 
 Genus 2. — Ptyalis'mus. Ptyalism , or dis- 
 eases affecting the salivary secretion. 
 
 Genus 3. — Dyspha'gia. Difficulty of swal- 
 lowing. 
 
 Genus 4. — Dipso'sis. Morbid thirst. 
 
 Genus 5. — Limo'sis. Morbid appetite. 
 
 Genus 6. — Col'ica. Colic. 
 
 Genus 7. — Copros'tasis. Costiveness. 
 
 Genus 8. — Diarrhoe'a. Looseness. 
 
 Genus 9. — Chol'era. Cholera. 
 
 Genus 10. — Enterol'ithus. Intestinal concre- 
 tions. 
 
 Genus 11. — Ilelmin'thia. Worms. 
 
 Genus 12. — Proc'tica. Diseases affecting the 
 anus or rectum. 
 
 Order II. — Splanch'nica. Diseases 
 
 affecting the Collatitious Viscera, — i.e. 
 the Liver, Spleen , Pancreas, &c. 
 
 Genus 1. — Ic'terus. Yellow jaundice. 
 
 Genus 2. — Melae'na. Melena. 
 
 Genus 3. — Cholol'ithus. Gall-stone. 
 
 Genus 4. — Parabys'ma. Visceral turgescence. 
 
 CLASS II. 
 
 PNEUMATIC A. Diseases of the Respiratory 
 Function. 
 
 Order I. — Phon'ica. Diseases affecting 
 the Vocal Avenues. 
 
 Genus 1. — Cory'za. Nasal catarrh. 
 
 Genus 2. — Pol'ypus. Polypus. 
 
 Genus 3. — Rhon'chus. Rattling in the throat. 
 Genus 4. — Apho'nia. Dumbness. 
 
 Genus 5. — Dyspho'nia. Dissonance of the voice . 
 Genus 6. — Psellis'mus. Dissonant speech. 
 
 Order II. — Pneumon'ica. Diseases 
 affecting the Lungs. 
 
 Genus 1 — Bex. Cough. 
 
 Genus 2. — Laryngis'mus. Laryngic suffoca- 
 tion. 
 
 Genus 3. — Dyspnoe'a. t Difficulty of breath * 
 ing , anhelation. 
 
 Genus 4. — Asth'ma. Asthma. 
 
 Genus 5. — Ephial'tes. Incubus. 
 
 Genus 6. — Sternal'gia. Suffocative breast- 
 
 pang. 
 
 Genus 7. — Pleural'gia. Pain in the side. 
 
 CLASS III. 
 
 IliEMATICA. Diseases of the Sanguineous 
 Function. 
 
 Order I. — Pyrec'tica. Fevers. 
 Genus 1. — Ephem'era. Diary fever. 
 
 Genus 2. — An'etus. Intermittent fever. Ague. 
 Genus 3. — Epan'etus. Remittent fever. 
 Genus 4. — Ene'cia. Continued fever. 
 
 Order II. — Piilogot'ica. Inflammations. 
 Genus 1. — Aposte'ma. Aposteme, or Abscess. 
 Genus 2. — Phleg'mone. Phlegmon. 
 
 Genus 3. — Phy'ma. Tuber. 
 
 Genus 4. — Ion'thus. Whelk. 
 
 Genus 5. — Phly'sis. 
 
 Genus 6. — Erythe'ma. Inflammatory blush. 
 Genus 7. — Empres'ma. Visceral inflammas- 
 tion. 
 
 Genus 8. — Ophthal'mia. Ophthalmy. 
 
 Genus 9. — Catar'rhus. Catarrh. 
 
 Genus 10. — Dysente'ria. Dysentery. 
 
 Genus 11. — Bucne'mia. Tumid leg. 
 
 Genus 12. — Arthro'sia. Articular inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 Order III.’ — Exanthemat'ica. Erup- 
 tive Fevers. 
 
 Genus 1. — Enanthe'sis. Rash exanthem. 
 Genus 2. — Emphly'sis. Ichorous exanthem. 
 Genus 3. — Empye'sis. Pustulous exanthem. 
 Genus 4. — Anthra'cia. Carbuncular exar* 
 them. 
 
 Order IV. — Dysthet'ica. Cachectic 
 
 Diseases. 
 
 Genus 1. — Pletho'ra. Plethora. 
 
 Genus 2. — Ilsemorrha'gia. Hsemorrhage. 
 Genus 3. — Maras'mus. Emaciation. 
 
 Genus 4. — Melano'sis. 
 
 Genus 5. — Stru'ma. Scrofula. 
 
 Genus 6. — Car'cinus. Cancer. 
 
 Genus 7. — Lu'es. Venereal disease. 
 
 703 
 
GOOD'S NOSOLOGY. 
 
 Genus 8. — Elephantiasis. Elephant-skin. 
 Genus 9. — Catacau'sis. Catacausis. 
 
 Genus 10. — Por'phyra. Scurvy. 
 
 Genus 11. — Exan'gia. 
 
 Genus 12. — Gangrae'na. Gangrene,. 
 
 Genus 13. — Ul'cus. Ulcer. 
 
 CLASS IV. 
 
 NEUROTICA. Diseases of the Nervous Func- 
 tion. 
 
 Order I. — Phren'ica. Diseases affect- 
 ing the Intellect. 
 
 Genus 1. — Ecphro'nia. Insanity. 
 
 Genus 2. — Empathe'ma. Ungovernable pas- 
 sion. 
 
 Genus 3. — Alu'sia. Illusion , or Hallucination. 
 Genus 4. — Aphel'xia. Revery. 
 
 Genus 5. — Paronir'ia. Sleep-disturbance. 
 Genus 6. — Mo'ria. Fatuity. 
 
 Order II. — ASsthet'ica. Diseases af- 
 fecting the Sensations or Perceptions. 
 Genus 1. — Parop'sis. Morbid sight. 
 
 Genus 2. — Paracu'sis. Morbid hearing. 
 Genus 3. — Paros'mis. Morbid smell. 
 
 Genus 4. — Parageu'sis. Morbid taste. 
 
 Genus 5. — Parap'sis. Morbid touch. 
 
 Genus 6. — Neural'gia. Nerve-ache , or pain 
 in the nerves. 
 
 Order III. — Cinet'ica. Diseases af- 
 fecting the Muscles. 
 
 Genus 1. — Enta'sia. Constrictive spasm. 
 Genus 2. — Clo'nus. Clonic spasm. 
 
 Genus 3. — Syn'clonus. Synclonic spasm. 
 
 Order IY. — Systat'ica. Diseases af- 
 fecting several or all the Sensorial 
 Powers simultaneously. 
 
 Genus 1. — Agryp'nia. Sleeplessness. 
 
 Genus 2. — Dyspho'ria. Restlessness. 
 
 Genus 3. — Antipathi'a. Antipathy. 
 
 Genus 4. — Cephalae'a. Headache. 
 
 Genus 5. — Di'nus. Dizziness. 
 
 Genus 6. — Syn'cope. Syncope. 
 
 Genus 7. — Syspa'sia. Comatose spasm. 
 
 Genus 8. — Ca'rus. Torpor. 
 
 CLASS V. 
 
 GENETICA. Diseases of the Sexual Function. 
 Order I. — Cenot'ica. Diseases affect- 
 ing the Fluids. 
 
 Genus 1. — Paranie'nia. Mismenstruation. 
 Genus 2. — Leucorrhce'a. Whites. 
 
 Genus 3. — Blenorrhoe'a. Gonorrhoea. 
 
 Genus 4. — Spermorrhce'a. Seminal flux. 
 Genus 5. — Galac'tia. Mislactation. 
 
 Order II. — Orgas'tica. Diseases 
 affecting the Orgasm. 
 
 Genus 1. — Chloro'sis. Greensickness. 
 
 Genus 2. — Proeo'tia. Genital precocity. 
 
 Genus 3. — Lagne'sis. Lust 
 
 Genus 4. — Agene'sia. Male sterility. 
 
 Genus 5. — Apho'ria. Female sterility. 
 
 Genus 6. — iEdopto'sis. Genital prolapse. 
 
 Order III. — Carpot'ica. Diseases 
 affecting the Impregnation. 
 
 Genus 1 . — Paracye'sis. Morbid pregnancy. 
 Genus 2. — Parodyn'ia. Morbid labor. 
 
 Genus 3. — Eccye'sis. Extra-uterine fcetar 
 
 tion. 
 
 Genus 4. — Pseudocye'sis. Spurious preg- 
 
 nancy. 
 
 CLASS VI. 
 
 ECCRITICA. Diseases of the Excernent 
 Function. 
 
 Order I. — Mesot'ica. Diseases affect- 
 ing the Parenchyma. 
 
 Genus 1. — Polysar'cia. Corpulency. 
 
 Genus 2. — Emphy'ma. Tumor. 
 
 Genus 3. — Paros'tia. Misossifi cation. 
 
 Genus 4. — Cyrto'sis. Contortion of the 
 
 bones. 
 
 Genus 5. — Osthex'ia. Osthexy. 
 
 Order II. — Catot'ica. Diseases 
 affecting Internal Surfaces. 
 
 Genus 1. — Hy'drops. Dropsy. 
 
 Genus 2. — Emphyse'ma. Inflation , wind 
 
 dropsy. 
 
 Genus 3. — Paru'ria. Mismicturition. 
 
 Genus 4. — Lith'ia. Urinary calculus. 
 
 Order III. — Acrot'ica. Diseases 
 affecting the External Surface. 
 
 Genus 1. — Ephidro'sis. Morbid sweat. 
 
 Gentts 2. — Exanthe'sis. Cutaneous blush. 
 Genus 3. — Exor'mia. Papulous skin. 
 
 Genus 4. — Lepido'sis. Scale-skin. 
 
 Genus 5. — Ecphly'sis. Blains. 
 
 Genus 6. — Ecpye'sis. Humid scall. 
 
 Genus 7. — Ma'lis. Cutaneous Termination. 
 Genus 8. — Ecphy'ma. Cutaneous excrescence . 
 Genus 9. — Tricho'sis. Morbid hair. 
 
 Genus 10.— Epichro'sis. Macular skin. 
 
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