£>tat? utatrlpr* (Halit#? nf (Halamba fA. Religius and Moral Education “The Greeley Plan” MARCH, 1915 Bulletin of the State Teachers College of Colorado Series XIV March, 1915 Number 7 Enterd at the Postoffis, Greeley, Colorado, as second -clas matter * A Bulletin Concerning Religius and Moral Education “The Greeley Plan” BY ETHAN ALLEN CROSS, Ph.M., Professor of Literature and English, and Director of Bible Study. GREELEY, COLORADO In all the publications of this institution the spellings recom- mended by the Simplified Spelling Board ar used. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates i https://archive.org/details/bulletinofinformOOcolo 3 Introductory Statement The State Teachers College of Colorado conducts courses in non-residence under two somewhat distinct plans — the Individual Correspondence Plan, and the Group Plan. The courses in Bible Study ar arranged for the Group Plan, and credit is granted for work done in this course in the same way that credit is granted for work done in any other study. Interest has been shown all over the country in this work to such an extent that it has be- come necessary to set forth in print and in detail the plan of conducting these courses. This material might just as wel hav been included in the College Non-Resident Bulletin, but since it has some special features which need a fuller explanation than space in that Bulletin would hav permitted, and since this in- formation is calld for by many who ar not interested in other group-study courses, this work has been put into this form — a Bulletin independent of the regular Non-Resident Bulletin, but in a sense a supplement to it. The Plan and the Law. — The State Teachers College of Colo- rado has for a long time been thoroly alive to the need for some- thing more systematic and effectiv in Religius and Moral Educa- tion than has yet been offerd in the public scools or in the Sun- day scools. It is wel aware of the fact that as a state educa- tional institution it cannot with propriety offer courses in re- ligion; for it is next to impossible for even the broadest minded religionist to giv such courses of instruction free from the touch of personal or denominational coloring. Nor does the college wish to ignore or evade the legal re- striction regarding the expenditure of state money for any form of religius instruction. It was this desire to comply with both the letter and the spirit of the law and at the same time to pro- vide adequate religius and moral training for its students, them- selvs preparing to be teachers of children, that moved the college four years ago to try as an experiment what has now become known all over the country as “The Greeley Plan for Religius and Moral Instruction in State Institutions.” The Fundamental Idea. — The State Teachers College fre- quently is requested to accept work done in other institutions of lerning, in other scools, and in private study, and to allow the 4 credit granted for such work to be applied toward making up the total requirement for graduation. It has never been par- ticular about the name or kind of institution from which such work is brought, but it has been careful to inquire into the quality and quantity of the work presented. It sees no reason why credit should not be granted to a student who, in another college, has had a course in Biblical literature or history. Nor does it see why such credit should depend upon the kind of scool from which it comes. To put the same idea positivly, if the col- lege receivs an application for credit for work done elsewhere, in college, scool, Sunday scool, or in private study, it carefully inquires about the QUALITY of the work, bases its judgment on the criterion of scolarship alone, and grants or refuses credit as the case deservs. The History of the Plan Four years ago the Young Women’s Christian Association, a strong organization in the scool, was conducting Bible classes of small groups of students. These classes appeald only to those affiliated with the evangelical churches. They were viewd with disapproval by other denominations, and, in fact, receivd but half-harted support from the local churches with which these students were associated. The ministers complained that stu- dents who should attend their churches and Sunday scqpls felt that their religius obligations had been met if they had attended the weekly devotional meeting of the Young Women’s Christian Association and the study group to which they betongd. The students had but little to do with the local churches. What they got in their study-groups was not an intellectual foundation for faith, but merely personal application of religius precept — good enuf so far as it goes but insufficient for one who is seeking to become an educated person in an intellectual age. The dissatisfaction of the local ministers with the plan be- came acute. Certain of the denominations objected to the exclu- sion of their adherents from activ membership in the Young Women’s Christian Association. And then necessity found the way out. One of the most scolarly of the local ministers, Mr. DeWitt D. Forward, a man of knoledge, of insight, and of great enthusiasm — conferd with the President of the Advisory Board of 5 the Young Women’s Christian Association, and after going into the matter thoroly, they made a report to the President of the College, asking that arrangements be made for conducting Bible study groups in the churches of the city and granting credit for the work in the same manner that credit was being granted for other non-resident work. The President accepted the recommendation and askt the director of non-resident work to confer with a committee com- posed of the President of the Advisory Board, and the Student President of the Young Women’s Christian Association, and representativs of the local ministers’ organization to work out the plan in detail. Originally the ministers of the Baptist, Methodist, Congre- gational, and Roman Catholic churches were members of the committee. The report that they made to the President coverd five details of organization: The Course of Study, the Text-books to be Used, the Appointment of Teachers, the Organization of Classes, and the Method of Granting Credit for the Work. In the test of actual practis a few changes were found to be de- sirable; but in the main the plan in use at present is identical with that originally proposed. The credit for the erly success of this work is largely due to the enthusiasm, clear vision, and patience of the Reverend De- Witt D. Forward, Mrs. May Miller Cross, and Mrs. Ethel Dullam Knowles, who launched the movement and saw it thru its erly struggles. The two ladies were during the first two years of trial successivly President of the Advisory Board of the Young Women’s Christian Association. Credit must be given also to Mrs. Anna Hileman Hugh, Bible Study Chairman of the Christian Association’s Advisory Board, for the practical direction of the work in the Association; the Reverend Father Andrew B. Casey, for his intelligent and persistent support of the movement, and the winning of the approval of the authorities of the Roman Catholic church in the Colorado diocese. The College Director of Bible Study for the first year was E. A. Cross, Professor of Literature and English. Then the work was directed until the present year by the Professor of Education, Dr. Irving E. Miller, now connected with the University of Rochester. 6 The Plan in Detail The Course of Study. — In the Teachers College students ar accepted for entrance whose preparation has coverd the usual four-year course in a reputable high scool or the equivalent of that. The college course designd to prepare teachers for ele- mentary scool positions is two years in length. Since most of our students go out to teach at the end of this course of two years, the plan provided for the foundations of a knowledge of Biblical history and literature to be establisht in the work of two years. The committee was painfully aware of the lack of in- formation about the contents of the Bible which is caracteristic of most yung people of our time They said, then, that the two- years’ course should aim to giv the student, not a detaild, but a comprehensiv study of the story of the Hebrew people, legen- dary and historical; of the growth of their religius ideas; and of the life and teachings of Jesus. It recommended that a compre- hensiv, consecutiv study of the books of the Old Testament should be the work of the first year, and that the life and teach- ings of Jesus should be taken up in the second. This recommendation was adopted and has been adhered to from the beginning. Some supplementary lessons having to do with teaching methods in the Sunday scools ar given in some of the classes at the option of the teacher. The work for the third and fourth years, designd for students who remain in the college for the A.B. degree, and for prepara- tion for positions as supervisors, principals, and teachers of high scool subjects, covers in a more detaild way some particular period of Biblical history, with emfasis upon the social and ethical significance of the book studied. This work is given in only one or two of the churches, and then only when there is a number of third or fourth year students, who hav had the work of the first two years, large enuf to warrant the organization of such classes. These courses ar outlined more fully in a later section of this Bulletin. Text-Books. — No one text-book is required. The committee originally recommended a book for each year as a guide to the student in his study of the actual text-book, the Bible. This recommendation is stil made. It is understood by all, however, 7 that this is only a recommendation. If the teacher in any one of the churches prefers a hook other than the one named by the committee, the book is submitted to the College Director of Bible Study for his approval, and being found acceptable, is used in that clas as a substitute for the recommended book. For the first year, the Old Testament studies, the committee recommends, Georgia L. Chamberlain’s “An Introduction to the Bible for Teachers of Children,” or Chamberlain’s’ “The Hebrew Prophets.” These books ar to be supplemented by such others as Professor Kent’s “Historical Bible,” Cornill’s “History of the People of Israel,” Cornill’s “Prophets of Israel,” and for special topics by “The Encyclopaedia Britannica,” “The Catholic Ency- clopaedia,” “The Jewish Encyclopaedia,” and Hasting’s “Diction- ary of the Bible.” For the second year, the New Testament studies, Burgess’ “Life of Christ,” has been used for some years, and Kent’s “The Life and Teachings of Jesus’” at other times. Classes in the Roman Catholic church hav used Abbe Fouard’s “The Life of Christ,” and Pope’s “The Prophets of Israel.” Some variations in text-books from time to time hav been authorized for the classes in the Episcopal church and others. Teachers. — The succes of this work depends almost entirely upon the quality of the teaching. The college is very careful in the selection of persons not members of its regular faculty to conduct its work in non-resident groups. It is especially careful in selecting teachers for its groups in Bible study. The teachers ar nominated by the superintendents of the Sunday scools. They must then be approved by the College Director of Bible Study before the work of the clas wil be accepted for credit. The college insists upon the teachers having a good general educa- tion, usually indicated by a college degree. Besides this the teacher must hav special preparation for teaching the Bible, and personal fitnes for this kind of work. In the nine Greeley churches now supporting these classes all the teachers hav had their training in a college or a theological seminary, all but one ar graduates, and four out of the nine ar Masters of Arts or Philoso- phy. Every one of the nine meets the requirements of personal fitnes and special preparation for teaching the Bible. 8 Classes. — When the students ar enrolld in the college, the Director of Bible Study asks for their church membership or church preference. A list of students preferring a certain church is sent to the pastor of the church. These ar then invited by the pastor to join the Bible study clas in that church and to take the work either for credit or without, as the student desires. Persons not enrolld in the college may take the work in these classes without credit; or if they desire the college credit, they may enroll as non-resident students. Credit. — The regular work for a student in the college is 60 term hours per year — 20 hours a term of twelve weeks. Bible study for the full year of 36 weeks is given four term hours of credit. This is equivalent to one-fifteenth of the whole year’s work, and may be taken in addition to the twenty term hours required of the resident student. To ern this credit of four term hours the student must attend a minimum of twenty-eight lessons of forty-five minutes each extending thruout the year. The college reservs the right to set a final examination upon the year’s work, but usually the student is askt to present his clas note-book and a short thesis covering some piece of inde- pendent study at the end of each twelv-week term. These ar first read and approved by the teacher of the clas and then submitted to the college director for his approval. Work of an inferior quality is not accepted. The amount and the quality of this work compares very favorably with that of any department in the college. The Succes of the Plan From the beginning the plan has been a succes. In the first year about a hundred and fifty students enrolld in the classes, and about one-third of these took the work for credit. There has been no great wave of enthusiasm folloed by a deadly falling off; but insted, a helthy increase in numbers and efficiency from year to year. This year there ar vigorous classes in nine churches in Greeley — the Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Congre- gational, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, United Presbyterian, Unitarian, Episcopal, and Desciples of Christ. The total num- ber enrolld is 271, more than fifty per cent, of the students en- 9 rolld in the college. One hundred and forty-five of these ar taking the work for college credit. The plan meets with the approval of all the protestant churches of the city, and of the Roman Catholic and Unitarian bodies. The plan has been presented to eminent teachers of the Jewish faith and has been commended by them. On the legal side it has been declared within the law, for no public money is spent to support the work, and none of the teaching is done within the college walls. In accepting the work for credit the college treats courses in Bible study just as it does courses in mathematics or domestic sience — accepting or rejecting the stu- dent’s work as it is found academically satisfactory or unsatis- factory. Thus far the college has not thought fit to extend this non- resident course to other cities than Greeley. So long as the plan is an experiment the authorities wish to keep the work under the personal supervision of the director, who serves without remuneration, and does this work in addition to that which is regularly his as the head of the literary department of the col- lege. This must be so to comply with the law. Any extension of the course to take in other cities would make the supervision les effectiv, or necessitate the employment of a supervisor — an impossibility under the law. The Present Organization 1914-1915 For the year 1914 and 1915 the joint committee on course of study is composed of the f olloing persons : Representativs of the churches: Reverend Franklin J. Estabrook, of the First Congrega- tional Church, Chairman. Reverend Father Andrew B. Casey, of Saint Peter’s Roman Catholic Church. Reverend William D. Whan, of the First Baptist Church. 10 Representativs of the Young Women’s Christian Association: Mrs. Edwin W. Knowles. Mrs. David Douglas Hugh. Representativs of the College: Professor James Harvey Hays, Dean of the College and Director of Non-Resident Work. Professor Ethan Allen Cross, Director of Bible Study. Classes in Greeley Churches. — Classes ar at present organ- ized in the folloing churches: Baptist Mrs. J. W. Church, A.M., Teacher Congregational Mr. E. A. Cross, Ph.M., Teacher Desciples of Christ Miss Linnie D. Coil, A.B., Teacher Protestant Episcopal Mrs. Charles Seem, A.M., Teacher Methodist Episcopal Mr. George W. Finley, B.S., Teacher Roman Catholic Father Andrew B. Casey, Teacher Presbyterian Rev. J. W. Finley, A.B., Teacher United Presbyterian Mrs. H. M. Bull, Teacher Unitarian Rev. John C. Mitchell, B.D., Teacher The directions belo ar the regulations sent out to the teach- ers to govern the work of the year: Course of Study. — Theme of the year’s work: “The Old Testament.” Text-books suggested: Chamberlain, “The He- brew Prophets”; or Chamberlain, “Introduction to the Bible for Teachers of Children.” The Catholic Clas wil use the Catholic Encyclopedia; and Pope, “Introduction to the Study of the Old Testament.” Other text-books acceptable to the committee in point of scolarship may be arranged for, but the course of study for credit must be as outlined in this circular. In addition to the main text, it is expected that some supplementary text on Bible History wil be used, such as Cornill, “History of Israel,” one vol. ; or Kent, “History of the Hebrew People,” three vols.; or some other modern standard text-book representing the results of the best recent scholarship. Every student wil be required to read selected portions of the Old Testament, which illustrate the de- velopment of Hebrew life and faith. Supplementary Material: The College library contains the folloing books, among others, which ar available for supplemen- 11 tary reading on the course: Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics; Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible; The Jewish Ency- clopedia; The Catholic Encyclopedia; The Encyclopedia Brit- annica; Moulton, Modern Reader’s Bible; Smith, G. A., History and Geografy of the Holy Land; Wallis, Sociological Study of the Bible; Mitchell, Ethics of the Old Testament; Dewey and Tufts, Ethics, ch. 6, The Hebrew Moral Development; Abbott, Life and Literature of the Old Testament; Moulton, Literary Study of the Bible; Vernon, Relativ Value of the Old Testament; Kent, Origin and Permanent Value of the Old Testament; Kent, History of the Bible; Cornill, The Prophets of Israel. Credits. — Four hours credit (the equivalent of one clas recit- ing four times a week for one term) ar allowed for three terms of work. This credit may be ernd in addition to the regular twenty hours each term. Bible Study credit wil be recorded on the books of the College only upon completion of the work of the year, and must be the practical equivalent hour for hour of resi- dent work done at the College. Requirements for the Erning of Credit. — 1. Reading of the Scripture assignments. 2. Satisfactory study of text-books and reference material. 3. Presentation at the close of each term of a note-book on lessons and requird reading. 4. Preparation every term of a short essay on some vital topic of the course suggested or previously approved by the teacher. 5. Thirty lessons of approximately forty-five minutes each, with certified attendance of twenty-eight as a minimum. Regulations. — 1. Term reports of the grade of work done by every student enrolld for credit must be presented to the Direc- tor. This report shall include also the filing with the Director of the teacher’s certificate of attendance and the requird note- books and essays graded by the teacher that they may be subject to the inspection of the committee and final approval by the Director. 2. Essays and note-books should be filed with the Director not later than the opening of the term immediately folloing that in which the work was done, except in the spring term, when they must be put on file not later than two weeks before the close of that term. Keep loose-leaf note-books. 12 3. Once every term at the call of the Director there shall be a meeting of all the teachers of the Bible classes for consul- tation with one another and with the committee in charge of the work. 4. Clas lists of all students enrolld for credit must be filed with the Director upon his request erly in each term. Recommendations. — The committee recommends that every clas elect a President and Secretary and such committees as may be helpful in making the work of the Bible classes most efficient from every point of view. The Presidents of the classes besides performing the customary duties of their offis may serve as the official media between their classes and the Director in many matters of necessary routine. Privileges. — College students may enroll for credit in these classes without payment of any additional fee. The classes ar all open alike on a non-credit basis either to students of the college or patrons of the various churches without payment of a fee. Members of these classes not enrolld at the college who may desire credit for their work should make arrangement for the same with Dean Hays in advance, or not later than the end of the first term of work. The Course of Study FIRST YEAR The Old Testament: The History of the Hebrew people. The growth of the Hebrew religius ideas and ideals, traced thru Hebrew legends, stories, history, and finally in the sayings of the prophets. SECOND YEAR The Life of Christ: The events in the life of Jesus. How, when, and where Jesus lived. How Jesus worked and what he taught. The extended influence of the teachings and examples of Jesus. 13 THIRD YEAR A detaild study of some faze of the Old or New Testament, such as the Acts of the Apostles, and a study of methods of teach- ing applicable to religius education. FOURTH YEAR A detaild study of some book or group of books of the Old or New Testament not previously coverd in the third year. Teaching methods. NOTE. — It wil be observd that it is the purpose of the work of the first two years to acquaint the students with the contents of the Bible. No detaild study of a particular section of it, such as is attempted in the third and fourth years, can be very suc- cessful unles the student has alredy a larger stock of Biblical information than the average beginner possesses. After the foundation is laid in the first two years, the student is redy for a more careful study of any faze of the literature or history of the Bible that the third or fourth year groups may take up. The Plan Adapted to High Scools A committee composed of members of the Colorado State Sunday Scool Association and the State Teachers’ Association has made an adaptation of this plan to meet the needs of high scools. This plan to giv high scool credit for Bible study done in the Sunday scools of the varius towns and cities was taken up by a number of the high scools last September (1914). The folloing extracts from the Teachers’ Handbook of the Colorado Plan of Bible Study for Colleges and High Scools, and a Bible Study Syllabus for the High Scool Students, wil explain this extension of “The Greeley Plan.” A large part of the labor of preparing this course of study for high scools and securing its adoption in Colorado has fallen to the Reverend Dr. W. A. Phillips, President of Westminster College, Denver, Colorado. The plan provides that there shal be a four years’ electiv course of Bible study for high scool students, which shal be adapted to the unfolding life of the pupils, and correlated with the Curriculum of the high scools. These courses of study ar 14 to be given by the respectiv churches, Hebrew, Catholic and Protestant alike, at the Sunday scool hour if possible, under the instruction of qualified teachers. The pupils successfully com- pleting the course of study shal receiv academic credit for work done. Within the Law. — The plan is clearly within the law. No state or public scool bilding is used for religius instruction. No state funds ar used. No religius instruction is given by public scool teachers during scool hours. The work is conducted in the respectiv churches during Sunday scool hours under competent teachers and is recognized for credit by the high scools of the state. Bach denomination, each sect, is therefore privileged to impart instruction to its own children and according to its own canons of interpretation. The Plan in Detail. — This plan necessitates the standardiza- tion of our Sunday scools. If the pupils ar to receiv academic credit for work done in the Sunday scools, these scools must con- form to academic standards of education. The standards of the North Central Association of colleges and secondary scools hav been accepted by educators and Sunday scool workers of Colo- rado as the only adequate standard of efficiency for the Sunday scool. Requirements for Teachers. — The teachers of these high scool Bible study classes shal conform to the recognized stan- dard, namely: “The minimum scolastic attainment of high scool teachers shal be equivalent to graduation from a college belonging to the North Central Association of colleges and secondary scools, including special training in the subjects they teach.” Requirements for the State Sunday Scool Association. — The State Sunday Scool Association should maintain and conduct an- nually graded training scools for Sunday scool teachers, in order that the teachers of these high scool classes may be given special training in the subjects they ar to teach. Alredy thru the keen foresight and wise provision of former General Secretary, Rev. John C. Carman, such scools hav been organized thruout the state. The response to this program for Religius Education was 15 evidenced in the fact that last year over seven hundred men and women were enlisted in these graded training scools. Requirements for Pupils. — Pupils desiring to do work in these Bible study classes should be eligible to membership in an accredited high scool, and should expect to conform to all high scool requirements concerning attendance, deportment, general attitude and caracter of work done. Requirements for Sunday Scools. — Church scools should pro- vide the clas with a separate room, freedom from interruption for at least forty-five minutes, desks or table room sufficient for each pupil to work conveniently, a black-board, maps of the ancient world, Palestine and the Roman Empire at the time of Christ, a Bible dictionary, and such reference works as those suggested by the committees on Bible study and recommended by the church authorities. A studius atmosphere must be maintained thruout the forty-five minutes. Requirements for Credit. — (a) The unit of credit shal be that prescribed in the standards of the North Central Associa- tion, to wit: forty recitations of forty-five minutes each in the clear, each year for a period of four years. There should be a minimum of one hour of study on each assignd lesson. Frac- tional credits may be allowd on the same basis. (b) In estimating the work done by the pupil the recitations and either note-book or thesis work, at the discretion of the teacher, shal count one-half and the examination or thesis re- quird by the state examiner shal count one-half. The passing mark shal be the same as in the local high scool. Requirements for State Examinations. — (a) The committees on Bible study for high scools from the State Teachers’ Associa- tion and the State Sunday Scool Association shal constitute the State Committee of Examiners. This committee shal hav general charge of all Bible study work done for academic credit in the Sunday scools and churches of the state; prescribe all necessary rules relating to study, reci- tation, note-books, thesis, and written examinations; prepare questions (if found helpful) for the use of teachers in the examinations; and grade all papers, appointing such help as may be needed. 16 Each paper or note-book submitted for credit shal be accom- panied by a fee of twenty-five cents paid by the corresponding Sunday scool, and by a ritten endorsement of the riter from the teacher in charge, or from the superintendent or pastor. All papers, note-books, and teachers’ endorsements, shal be sub- mitted anonymously to the examiners; that is, the names, ad- dresses, and church connections of the riters must either be erased or effectivly coverd, each paper being then known by number only. (b) In any case of uncertainty or dissatisfaction, appeal may be taken to the Committee of Examiners who shal decide any question at issue according to the customary requirements of the local high scool. Courses of Study. — There shal be courses of Bible study pre- pared by the joint committees from the State Teachers’ Associa- tion and the State Sunday Scool Association, embracing histori- cal, biografical, social and literary studies of the Bible on a basis sufficiently liberal to meet the approval of the varius religius faiths interested in such courses of Bible study, great care being taken to avoid interpretativ features. The folloing courses of Bible study hav been proposed by the joint committee: COURSE I. Heroes and Leaders of Israel. COURSE II. 1st Semester. The Friends and Folloers of Jesus. 2nd Semester. Jesus. COURSE III. 1st Semester. Bible History. 2nd Semester. Biblical Literature. COURSE IV. Social Institutions, or a course on the Fundamental Christian Doctrines of the Bible, and Social Application of Bible Teachings. 17 The details of the courses, methods of teaching, aims of the study, etc., may be had by addressing The State Sunday Scool Association of Colorado, 312 Seventeenth Street, Denver, Colo- rado. Conclusion In the foregoing pages an attempt has been made to set forth the principles and working details of the “Greeley Plan of Bible Study for College Credit,” and of its adaptation to the use of public high scools of the state of Colorado. Correspondence is invited concerning any matter which the bulletin has not made clear. Address THE STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE, Greeley, Colorado. 3 0112 15736158 The State Teachers College Greeley, Colorado ZACHARIAH ZENOPHON SNYDER, PH. D. PRESIDENT Students May Take Work In residence. By individual correspondence. In non-resident groups. Colleges Junior College, two years. Senior College, two years, the A.B. Degree. Graduate College, the A.M. Degree.