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 I E) RA RY 
 OF THE 
 U N 1VER5ITY 
 or ILLl NOIS
 
 PEESENT EESOLTS AND FUTUKE PEOSPECTS 
 
 EXISTING MISSIONS IN INDIA, 
 
 EXTEACTED FKOM A STATEMENT 
 
 THE PEOGEESS OF INDIA, 
 
 Frepared at tlie India Office^ and housed, mi the Admiiiistrative 
 Reports ctiid other information received from IndAa, and 
 
 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, 
 
 Ajrril 28, 1873. 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE 
 
 SOCIETY FOE THE PROPAGATION OF THE 
 GOSPEL IX FOEEIGX PAETS. 
 
 20, Duke Street, ^Westminster, S.W. 
 1873.
 
 [It is an imputation frequently made, to the detri- 
 ment of Missionary work, that the successes which 
 are claimed for it rest on no trustworthy basis. On 
 the one hand, indeed, persons of long experience, and 
 holding the highest position in the service o/ the 
 Crown, have declared their conviction that " the 
 ChHstian Missionary seeks to produce a certain result, 
 and it is produced ; a great religious and moral 
 revolution is in progress^ On the other hand, a still 
 m/)re numerous, although less well-informed class, tell 
 the world that Missions are a failure, that the con- 
 verts too often exist only in the imagination of the 
 sanguine Missionary, and that when they do exist, 
 their conversion is only nominal. 
 
 The following pages are exti^acted from a Blue 
 Book of 160 pp., presented to Parliament hy H.M. 
 Secretary of State for India, the Duke of Argyll, and 
 ordered hy the House of Commons to he p)rinted. The 
 Book is entitled, "^4 Statement exhihiting the Moral 
 and Matericd Progress of India during the Year 
 1871-2 ; " and the object of the extract is to show hoio 
 much that progress Jias been aided by Christian 
 Missions. 
 
 Stronger testimony to the value of Christian Mis- 
 sions no Christian man need desire to meet with ; and 
 to the impartiality of this document, no one, re- 
 membering the source from which it emanates, will he 
 so rash as to take exception.'\
 
 SURVEY OF 
 EXISTING MISSIONS IN INDIA. 
 
 The whole subject of Missionary enterprise 
 in India has an important bearing on the 
 intellectual advancement of the people. A 
 recent inquiry into the statistical details 
 of Missions in India, combined with the 
 ordinary sources of information, furnish 
 materials for estimating their progress 
 which are authoritative and complete. 
 
 The Protestant Missions of India, Bur- 
 mah, and Ceylon, are carried on by 35 
 Missionary Societies, in addition to local 
 agencies, and now employ the services of 
 606 foreign Missionaries, of whom 551 are
 
 Number of Missionaries. 
 
 ordained. They are widely and rather 
 evenly distributed over the different Pre- 
 sidencies, and they occupy at the present 
 time 522 principal stations and 2,500 
 subordinate stations. The entire Pre- 
 sidency of Bengal, from Calcutta to 
 Peshawar, is well supplied with Mission- 
 aries, and they are numerous in the 
 southern portion of the Madras Presidency. 
 The various Missions in Calcutta, Bombay, 
 apd Madras are strong in labourers, and 
 almost all the principal towns of the 
 Empire have at least one Missionary. A 
 great impulse was given to the efforts of 
 these Societies by the changes in public 
 policy inaugurated by the Charter of 1833, 
 and since that period the number of Mis- 
 sionaries and the outlay on their Missions 
 have continued steadily to increase. In 
 1852 there were 459 Missionaries in India 
 at 320 stations, and in 1872 the number of 
 Missionaries were increased to 606, and of 
 stations to 522. 
 
 This large body of European and 
 American Missionaries, settled in India, 
 
 ^ U!UC ^ 
 \ I
 
 Co-operation. 
 
 bring their various moral influences to bear 
 upon the country with the greater force, 
 because they act together with a corapact- 
 ness which is but little understood. Thou oh 
 belonmno; to various denominations of 
 Christians, yet from the nature of their 
 work, their isolated position and their long 
 experience, they have been led to think 
 rather of the numerous questions on which 
 they agree, than of those on which they 
 differ ; and they co-operate heartily to- 
 gether. Localities are divided among 
 them by friendly arrangements, and with 
 few exceptions it is a fixed rule among 
 them that they will not interfere with 
 each other's converts and each other's 
 spheres of duty. School-books, transla- 
 tions of the Scriptures and religious works, 
 prepared by various Missions, are used in 
 common ; and helps and improvements 
 secured by one Mission are freely placed 
 at the command of all. The large body 
 of Missionaries resident in each of the 
 Presidency towns, form Missionary con- 
 ferences, hold periodic meetings, and act
 
 Various Forms of Work. 
 
 together on public matters. They hav(i 
 frequently addressed the Indian Govern- 
 ment on important social questions in- 
 volving the welfiire of the Native com- 
 munity, and have suggested valuable 
 improvements in existing laws. During 
 the past 20 years, on five occasions, 
 sreneral Conferences have been held for 
 mutual consultation respecting their Mis- 
 sionary work ; and in January last, at the 
 latest of these o;atherino;s, at Allahabad, 
 121 Missionaries met together belonging 
 to 20 different Societies, and including 
 several men of long experience who have 
 been 40 years in India. The railway sys- 
 tem rendered such a gathering easy, and 
 l)rought the members of the Conference 
 from all parts of the Empire. 
 
 The labours of the foreign Missionaries 
 in India assume many forms. Apart 
 from their special duties as public preachers 
 and pastors, they constitute a valuable 
 body of educators ; they contribute greatly 
 to the cultivation of the Native languao-es 
 and literature, and all who are resident in
 
 e of 
 
 rural districts are appealed to for medical 
 help to the sick. 
 
 No body of men pays greater attention 
 to the study of the Native languages than 
 the Indian Missionaries. With several 
 Missionary Societies {as with the Indian 
 Government) it is a rule that the younger 
 Missionaries shall pass a series of examina- 
 tions in the vernacular of the district in 
 which they reside ; and the general practice 
 has been, that all who have to deal with 
 Natives who do not know English shall seek 
 a high proficiency in these vernaculars. 
 The result is too remarkable to be over- 
 looked. The Missionaries, as a body, know 
 the Natives of India well : they have pre- 
 pared hundreds of works, suited both for 
 schools and for general circulation, in the 
 fifteen most prominent languages of India, 
 and in several other dialects. They are the 
 compilers of several Dictionaries and Gram- 
 mars ; they have written important works 
 on the Native Classics and the system of 
 philosophy ; and they have largely stimu- 
 lated the great increase of the Native
 
 8 Presses and Fiihlkations, 
 
 literature prepared in recent years by 
 educated Native gentlemen. 
 
 The Mission presses in India are 25 in 
 number. During the 10 years between 
 1852 and 1862 they issued 1,634,940 
 copies of the Scriptures, chiefly single 
 books; and 8,604,033 Tracts, School-books, 
 and books for general circulation. During 
 the 10 years between 1862 and 1872 
 they issued 3,410 new works, in 30 lan- 
 guages ; and circulated 1,315,503 copies 
 of books of Scripture ; 2,375,040 School- 
 books ; and 8,750,129 Christian books and 
 Tracts. Last year two valuable works were 
 brought to completion, the revision of the 
 Bengali Bible and the first publication of 
 the entire Bible in Sanskrit. Both were 
 the work of the Rev. Dr. Wenger, of the 
 Baptist Mission in Calcutta. 
 
 The Missionary schools in India are 
 chi-efly of two kinds, purely vernacular 
 and Anglo-vernacular schools. The for- 
 mer are maintained chiefly, but not ex- 
 clusively, in country districts and small 
 towns ; the education given in them is
 
 Schools, 
 
 confined pretty mucli to reading, writing, 
 geography, arithmetic, and instruction in 
 simple religious works, such as the '' Peep 
 of Day." In the Anglo-vernacular schools 
 a much higher education is given, not 
 only in those subjects which are taught 
 in English, but in those in which the 
 vernacular is employed; a higher know- 
 ledge even of the vernacular languages is 
 imparted in these schools than is usually 
 given in purely Native schools. These 
 schools are most in demand in country 
 towns, in the Presidency cities, and in 
 the districts immediately around them. 
 Benoral has lono; been celebrated for its 
 English schools ; and the Missionary in- 
 stitutions in Calcutta still hold a conspi- 
 cuous place in the system and means of 
 education generally available to the young 
 Hindus of that city. All the principal 
 Missionary institutions teach up to the 
 standard of the entrance examination in 
 the three Universities of India ; and many 
 among them have a College department in 
 which students can be led on throuo;h the
 
 10 Training Colleges and Zenana Schools. 
 
 two examinations for B.A., even up to the 
 M.A. degree. A Table showing the num- 
 ber and range of these schools will be 
 found at page 27. 
 
 In addition to the work of these schools 
 it should be noted that several Missions 
 maintain Training Colleges for their Native 
 ministers and clergy, and Training Insti- 
 tutions for teachers. These Colleges and 
 Institutions are 85 in number, and con- 
 tain 1,618 students. The Training Insti- 
 tutions for girls are 28 in number, with 
 567 students. An important addition to 
 the efforts made on behalf of female 
 education is seen in the Zenana schools 
 and classes which are maintained and in- 
 structed in the houses of Hindu gentle- 
 men. These schools have been established 
 during the last 1 6 years, and now number 
 1,300 classes, with 1,997 scholars, most 
 of whom are adults. Of these, 938 classes, 
 with 1,523 scholars, are in Bengal and 
 the North West Provinces. The effort 
 lias not yet much affected the other Pro- 
 vinces of India.
 
 University Examinations, 11 
 
 The great progress made in tliese Mis- 
 sionary schools, and the area which they 
 occupy, will be seen from the following 
 fact. They now contain 60,000 scholars 
 more than they did 20 years ago. The 
 figures are as follows : In 1852 the scholars 
 numbered 81,850 ; and in 1872 the num- 
 ber was 142,952. 
 
 The high character of the general educa- 
 tion given in the college department of 
 these institutions may be gathered from 
 the following facts. Between 1862 and 
 1872, 1,621 students passed the entrance 
 examination in one or other of the three 
 Indian Universities ; 513 students passed 
 the first examination in Arts; 154 took 
 the degree of B.A. ; 18 took the degree of 
 M.A., and six that of B.L. A considerable 
 proportion of the amount expended upon 
 education by the Missionaries in India is 
 provided by school fees, which, in recent 
 years, have been much increased. The 
 statistical tables, however, do not give the 
 exact amount, neither do they state the 
 amount received from the Government
 
 12 Kumher of Converts. 
 
 grants-in-aid. In the higher education it 
 is believed that little expenditure falls upon 
 the Missionary Societies beyond the salaries 
 of the superintending Missionaries. 
 
 The statistical returns now referred to 
 state very clearly and completely the 
 number of the converts who have been 
 gathered in the various Indian Missions, 
 and the localities in which they may be 
 found. They show also that a great in- 
 crease has taken place in the numbers of 
 these converts during the last 20 years ; 
 as might be expected from the lapse of 
 time, the effects of earlier instruction, 
 and the increased number of Missionaries 
 employed. In 1850 the entire number 
 of Protestant Native converts in India, 
 Burmah, and Ceylon amounted to 22,400 
 communicants in a community of 128,000 
 Native Christians of all ages. In 1862 
 the communicants w^ere 49,688, and the 
 Native Christians were 213,182. In 1872, 
 the communicants were 78,494 ; — the con- 
 verts, young and old, numbered 318,363. 
 
 A very large number of the Christian
 
 Native Christian CoTnanunities. 13 
 
 communities scattered over India are small, 
 especially in the country towns ; and they 
 contain fewer than 100 communicants 
 and 300 converts of all ages. At the 
 same time some of these small congrega- 
 tions consist of educated men, have con- 
 siderable resources, and are able to provide 
 for themselves. From them have sprung 
 a large number of the Native clergy and 
 ministers in different churches, who have 
 received a high education in English 
 institutions, and who are now taking a 
 prominent place in the instruction and 
 manao;ement of an indio^enous Christian 
 Church. The Native ministry contains 
 also men who have been well trained 
 through the medium of the vernacular 
 languages ; but this important body of 
 men are encouraged to master the English 
 language also, that they may secure access 
 to the vast store of Biblical literature 
 which it contains, and which will give 
 them direct aid in their duties. The 
 Native converts are thus distributed at 
 the present time : —
 
 u 
 
 Town Populations. 
 
 Native Protestant Cona^erts in India, 1872. 
 
 Divisions. 
 
 2i 
 
 IS 
 o 
 
 
 
 Native 
 Contri- 
 butions. 
 
 
 Lower Provinces - 
 
 13,502 
 
 46,968 
 
 35 
 
 Rs. 
 
 8,937 
 
 
 North Western Pro- 
 vinces and Oude - 
 
 3,031 
 
 7,779 
 
 19 
 
 5,265 
 
 
 Punjab - 
 
 707 
 
 1,870 
 
 14 
 
 1,661 
 
 
 Bombay and Central 
 India - 
 
 2,256 
 
 6,686 
 
 26 
 
 6,583 
 
 
 Madras - 
 
 33,320 
 
 160,955 
 
 131 
 
 62,675 
 
 
 Bunnah - 
 
 20,514 
 
 62,720 
 
 
 42,736 
 
 
 Ceylon - 
 
 5,164 
 
 31,376 
 
 79 
 
 31,267 
 
 
 Total - 
 
 78,494 
 
 318,363 
 
 381 
 
 159,124= £15,912. 
 
 The Missionaries in the course of their 
 efforts liave found the populations of the 
 great cities much more tenacious in their 
 opinions, and firm in their social relations, 
 than those of country districts. On the 
 other hand, they are more intelligent; 
 they are good listeners ; appreciate argu- 
 ment and illustration ; and their children 
 flock to the Mission schools. The rural 
 populations have been much more open
 
 I 
 
 South Bengal ; Chota Ndgpur, 1 5 
 
 to their instnictions ; the peasantry of large 
 districts have been less bound by caste 
 ties ; and the aboriginal tribes and classes 
 in the community, both in the hills and 
 in the plains, hai^e embraced Christianity 
 in large numbers. 
 
 The religious movements which took 
 place 40 years ago among the peasantry 
 to the south of Calcutta, amono- the indicfo 
 ryots of Krishna ghar, and in the thickly- 
 peopled swamps of Earisdl, gave to the 
 Province of Bengal three large Christian 
 communities, which now number nearly 
 16,000 persons. They have been steadily 
 cared for and well instructed, and have 
 been consolidated into prosperous, well- 
 conducted communities. Within the last 
 20 years the German Mission among the 
 Cole tribes in the hills of Chota Nagpur, 
 now divided into two branches, has greatly 
 affected these simple yet manly people ; 
 and, notwithstanding considerable social 
 persecution, has led more than 20,000 
 persons among them to profess themselves 
 Christians. Very recently the Santal
 
 16 Oude ; Telugu District, <kc, 
 
 tribes, in the same line of hills, have 
 followed in their steps. 
 
 In the year following the Mutiny a new 
 Mission was commenced by an American 
 Society in the provinces of Oude and 
 Eohilkhand ; and the Christian congrega- 
 tions already include 2,000 converts. The 
 largest congregations in the North West 
 Provinces are found in Benares, Allahabad, 
 Fathigarh, Agra, and Mirat (Meerut), and 
 sprang from the boarding schools estab- 
 lished in the great famines of 1838 and 
 1861. An important religious movement 
 has recently occurred in the dominions of 
 the Nizam, under the conduct of Native 
 Missionaries; and 1,100 persons have 
 beciome Christians. 
 
 A similar movement has taken place 
 among the Telugu people of Ougole, under 
 the American Mission, which has resulted 
 in 6,000 converts. More than 7,000 are 
 nov/ included in the two Missions at 
 Cuddapah ; and the Telugu Missions in 
 Guntoor, in the Masulipatam district, and 
 on the Goddvari, have increased during 
 
 1
 
 Tanjor, Madura, (kc. 17 
 
 the last few years from 1,500 Native 
 Christians to more than 6,000. 
 
 But it is in the southern portions of 
 the Madras Presidency that Christianity 
 has most largely aflfected the rural popu- 
 lations. The Province of Tanjor, first 
 instructed by the Danish Missionaries, 
 amongst them by the respected Missionary 
 Schwartz, has long possessed a large nmn- 
 ber of Christian congregations. These con- 
 tinue under the care of the Lutheran and 
 the English Episcopal Missions, and are 
 reported to be in a prosperous condition. 
 The Christians now number 11,000 persons 
 in the Tanjor and Trichinapalli districts. 
 In the neighbouring district of Madui-a 
 I the Americans have a flourishing Mission, 
 ' with 7,000 converts and a normal school. 
 The Tinnevelli and Travancor Missions 
 are well known, and are reported to be 
 in every way in a higher position, and 
 exarting greater influence, than ever be- 
 fore. These two Provinces contain a very 
 large aboriginal population, which has 
 been but little aff'ected bv the Hinduism
 
 18 Tinnevelli and Travancor. 
 
 of Southern India. The Shanar tribe 
 and their kindred connect themselves by 
 tradition with the great demon-ruler of 
 Ceylon, the celebrated Eavana ; and from 
 the numerous and marked peculiarities of 
 their social religious life have proved a 
 most interesting study to the Missionaries 
 who have lived among them. They have 
 been under instruction from the com- 
 mencement of the present century. Good 
 schools have flourished among them, by 
 which girls have benefited as well as boys. 
 Training schools have supplied wxll-taught 
 schoolmasters ; theological schools have 
 in recent years provided a full supply of 
 Native ministers and clergy ; while the 
 congregations have steadily multiplied, 
 and the character of the whole people has 
 been raised. Three Missions have been 
 carried on among them by the Church 
 Missionary Society, the Society for the 
 Propagation of the Gospel, and the London 
 Missionary Society, and a large and in- 
 iiuential English staff has conducted the 
 affairs of these Missions. The result is
 
 Syrian Christiaiu. 19 
 
 reported to be higtdy satisfactory. At the 
 present time, 90,000 persons of all ages 
 are professing Christians among the Shanar 
 people ; the districts are dotted over with 
 flourishing villages and Christian churches; 
 there are hundreds of Native teachers 
 employed among them, of whom fifty-six 
 are ordained, and are supported to a great 
 extent by their congregations. Order and 
 peace rule these simple communities, which 
 give the Government little trouble, whether 
 in the INIadras Presidency, or under his 
 Highness the Maharajah of Travancor ; 
 while large tracts of country have been 
 brought under cultivation, and the pea- 
 santry generally enjoy a larger share of 
 material comfort than in days gone by. 
 
 Much the same may be said of the 
 Church Mission among the Syrians of 
 Upper Travancor and Cochin. The con- 
 gregations among them now include some 
 14,000 people, and the Syrian Christians 
 at large have been greatly stimulated and 
 improved through the efforts of the 
 English Missionaries carried on in their
 
 20 Bnrmnh. Total Number. 
 
 midst. Only one other Mission needs 
 special mention here, the American Mis- 
 sion in Burmah. This Mission has drawn 
 its converts chiefly from the Karen tribes, 
 the aborigines of Burmah, and the Shan 
 States, who have so heartily welcomed 
 the English rule. Information respecting 
 them has been scanty of late ; but it is 
 certain that 60,000 of them are Christian 
 converts, and that the Mission is largely 
 supported by the people themselves. 
 
 Taking them together, these rural and 
 aboriginal populations of India, which have 
 received a large share of the attention of 
 the Missionary Societies, now contain among 
 them a quarter of a million Native Chris- 
 tian converts. The principles they profess, 
 the standard of morals at which they aim, 
 the education and training which they re- 
 ceive, make them no unimportant element 
 in the Empire which the Government of 
 India has under its control. These popu- 
 lations must greatly influence the commu- 
 nities of which they form a part; they 
 are tlioroughly loyal to the British Crown ;
 
 Importance of Missions. 21 
 
 and the experience througli which many- 
 have passed has proved that they are 
 governed by solid principle in the conduct 
 they pursue. Dr. Hunter has recently set 
 before the Government the importance of 
 the hill races and other aborigines of India, 
 reckoned at 70,000,000 in number ; and 
 both because of the simplicity of their 
 habits, their general love of order, their 
 teachableness, as well as their great num- 
 bers, has urged that new and large efforts 
 shall be made for their enlightenment. 
 In the same way many able Missionaries 
 advocate that the Christian efforts among 
 them shall be increased. There is reason 
 to believe that these estimable races will 
 occupy a more prominent position in the 
 Empire, in the future, than they have 
 done hitherto. 
 
 But the Missionaries in India hold the 
 opinion that the winning of these converts, 
 whether in the cities or in the open 
 country, is but a small portion of the 
 beneficial results which have sprung from 
 their labours. No statistics can give a
 
 22 General Influence of Missions. 
 
 fair view of all that they have done. 
 They consider that their distinctive teach- 
 ing, now applied to the country for many 
 years, has powerfully affected the entire 
 population. The moral tone of their 
 preaching is recognised and highly ap- 
 proved by multitudes who do not follow 
 them as converts. The various lessons 
 which they inculcate have given to the 
 people at large new ideas, not only on 
 purely religious questions, but on the 
 nature of evil, the obligations of law, and 
 the motives by which human conduct 
 should be regulated. Insensibly a higher 
 standard of moral conduct is becoming 
 familiar to the people, especially to the 
 young, which has been set before them 
 not merely by public teaching, but by 
 the millions of printed books and tracts 
 which are scattered widely through the 
 country. On this account they express 
 no wonder that the ancient systems are 
 no longer defended as they once were ; 
 many doubts are felt about the rules of 
 caste : the great festivals are not attended
 
 General Influence of Missions. 23 
 
 by the vast crowds of former years ; and 
 several Theistic schools have been growing 
 up among the more educated classes, 
 especially in the Presidency cities, who 
 profess to have no faith in the idol-gods 
 of their fathers. They consider that the 
 influences of their religious teaching are 
 assisted and increased by the example of 
 the better portions of the English com- 
 munity ; by the spread of English litera- 
 ture and English education, by the freedom 
 given to the press ; by the high standard, 
 tone, and purpose of Indian legislation, and 
 by the spirit of freedom, benevolence, and 
 justice which pervades the English rule. 
 And they augur well of the future moral 
 progress of the Native population of India, 
 from these signs of solid advance already 
 exhibited on every hand, and gained within 
 the brief period of two generations. This 
 view of the general influence of their 
 teaching, and of the greatness of the 
 revolution which it is silently producing, 
 is not taken by Missionaries only. It hag 
 been accepted by many distinguished
 
 24 Obligation of Government. 
 
 residents in India, and experienced officers 
 of the Government ; and has been em- 
 phatically endorsed by the high authority 
 of Sir Bar tie Frere. "Without pronoun- 
 cing an opinion upon the matter, the 
 Government of India cannot but acknow- 
 ledge the great obligation under which it 
 is laid by the benevolent exertions made 
 by these 600 Missionaries, whose blame- 
 less example and self-denying labours are 
 infusing new vigour into the stereotyped 
 life of the great populations placed under 
 English rule, and are preparing them, to 
 be in every way better men and better 
 citizens of the great Empire in which 
 they dwell. 
 
 The Catholic Missions in India are 
 efficiently continued ; but they are almost 
 entirely confined to their Christian con- 
 verts, and have little to do with the non- 
 Christian population. The Missions are 
 divided into two branches, those which 
 maintain a connection with the Portu- 
 guese portion of the Church, under the 
 Archbishop of Goa, and those which are 
 
 I
 
 Roman Catholic Missions. 25 
 
 under the Vicariates of the Jesuit Mission, 
 During the last 40 years both branches 
 have been renewed and revived from the 
 decay into which they had fallen, and 
 seem to be well supplied with foreign as 
 well as with Native clergy. 
 
 The Groa Church has the largest number 
 of its converts and followers in Bombay 
 and its coast districts, in Travancor, around 
 Madras, and in Eastern Bengal. The 
 number in Bombay is not known ; but in 
 other parts of India they are about 
 48,000. 
 
 The Vicariates of South India, which 
 sprang from the celebrated Madura Mission, 
 are 1 in number ; they contain about 
 160 regular clergy, who are foreigners; 
 and more than 400 Native priests. The 
 converts under their charge are reckoned 
 at more than 600,000; of these 150,000 
 are in the district of Madura, 90,000 in 
 the French district of Pondicherry, and 
 over 250,000 in North Travancor. A few 
 years ago a large secession took place from 
 the last named Mission. The fishermen on
 
 26 Roman Catholic Missions. 
 
 the coasts of South India, amongst whom 
 St. Francis Xavier laboured with so much 
 earnestness, still continue to profess the 
 Christian faith, and regard him as their 
 patron saint. There are six seminaries 
 conducted by the Mission in South India, 
 employed both as boarding schools for lads 
 and as training schools for Native priests. 
 Two of these are at Virapalli, the head- 
 quarters of the Eomo-Syrian Mission in 
 Travancor ; another is at Pondicherry ; and 
 a third at Negapatam was established 
 through the earnest exertions of Father 
 Clifford, though opened only after his 
 lamented death. The number of the stu- 
 dents in these institutions is not known ; 
 and very little information is given re- 
 specting the Catholic schools in India 
 generally. A statement, however, giving 
 the population and number of converts 
 in the several Vicariates will be found on 
 page 28.
 
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 [28] 
 
 EOMAN CATHOLICS IN INDIA. 
 
 Statement prepared for the recent (Ecumenical 
 Council at Eome. 
 
 Vicariates Apostolic. 
 
 Population, 
 
 Roman 
 Catbolics. 
 
 Agra 
 
 42,068,103 
 
 13,914 
 
 Patna 
 
 38,498,501 
 
 8,043 
 
 Central Bengal or Barhampur 
 
 8,000,000 
 
 659 
 
 Western Bengal or Calcutta - 
 
 10,397,000 
 
 10,350 
 
 Eastern Bengal or Dacca 
 
 9,261,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 Ava and Pegu . _ _ . 
 
 3,083,000 
 
 8,700 
 
 Bombay and Puna 
 
 14,888,000 
 
 51,000 
 
 Vizagapatam .... 
 
 12,605,000 
 
 8,390 
 
 Haidarabad 
 
 7,020,000 
 
 5,200 
 
 Madras ------ 
 
 7,283,000 
 
 41,996 
 
 Mysor ---.-- 
 
 4,000,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 Coimbator 
 
 1,500,000 
 
 17,000 
 
 Pondicherry (Vicariate Apostolic) - 
 
 4,100,000 
 
 113,000 
 
 Pondicherry (Apostolic Prefecture) 
 
 230,000 
 
 3,050 
 
 Madura or Tricbinapalli 
 
 4,226,000 
 
 168,800 
 
 Quilon 
 
 700,000 
 
 64,000 
 
 Virapalli 
 
 300,000 
 
 270,000 
 
 Mangalor 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 54,000 
 
 Goa 
 
 470,000 
 
 230,000 
 
 
 1,076,102 
 
 Note,— The Boman Catholic Clergy of Hindustan com- 
 prise an Archbishop of Goa, nineteen Bishops who are Vicars 
 Apostolic, 815 Priests, besides the clergy • resident in the 
 Island of Goa, There are 146 parishes, 172 districts, 70 
 military stations, 2,141 churches and chapels. The whole 
 episcopate is European, and also almost all the clergy of the 
 second order. 
 
 B. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS, LONDON.
 
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