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 Guide Book 
 
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 EDISON INSTITUTE 
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 GREENFIELD VILLAGE 
 
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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2012 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/guidebookforedisOOhenr 
 
GUIDE BOOK 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 EDISON INSTITUTE 
 
 MUSEUM and 
 GREENFIELD VILLAGE 
 
 Museum Collection page 8 ; The Village Schools 
 page 27; Around The Village Green page 31; 
 Menlo Park and The Edison Buildings page 35; 
 Homes of The Village page 45; Handicraft 
 Shops and Industries page 49; Mills in 
 the Village page 57; Here and There page 61 
 
 DEARBORN, MICHIGAN 
 
 M, CM, XXXVII 
 
7 S , / 
 
 H,\,.HtS*t 
 
 Entrance Gates, Village Road, Dearborn 
 
 THE EDISON INSTITUTE 
 
 r O hundred acres at Dearborn, Michigan, 
 have been set aside for an educational proj^ 
 ect which reflects the ideas of its founder, 
 Henry Ford. The name "Edison" typifies 
 the spirit of the institution. Mr. Ford has 
 named it after his friend Thomas A. Edison, 
 who has been an inspiration to him and many others 
 in his untiring work. Serving the institute is a museum 
 which is really a textbook of human and technical 
 history. The museum is intended to minister to the 
 student type of mind; that is, its purpose is primarily 
 educational. 
 
 The museum building is fronted by a group of units 
 containing classrooms, workshops, libraries, auditorium 
 and executive offices. These buildings are architectural 
 reproductions of Independence Hall, Congress Hall and 
 
 [ 5 1 
 
the old City Hall of Philadelphia. As the exhibits 
 are not yet completely installed, the public is being 
 given an opportunity to see the methods and labor 
 involved in arranging the material. 
 
 Supplementary to this group and adjoining it on the 
 east is Greenfield Village. Here the handicraft arts of 
 the past are presented as they were practised in their 
 original environment of public buildings and residences, 
 which in their turn illustrate the development of archi- 
 tectural types. 
 
 Strangers often ask what prompted Mr. Ford to 
 honor the memory of Edison. A brief answer is that 
 Mr. Ford holds him to be our greatest American. Edison 
 was also the first man to encourage him in his develop- 
 ment of the motor car. 
 
 After going to Detroit from his Dearborn farm, 
 Henry Ford worked his way up to the position of chief 
 engineer of The Edison Illuminating Company of Detroit. 
 On August ii, 1896, he attended an Edison convention 
 at the old Manhattan Beach Hotel at Manhattan Beach, 
 New York. There he made Edison's acquaintance, and 
 was pointed out by Alex Dow of The Detroit Edison 
 Company as the "young fellow who has made a gas car." 
 Edison immediately became interested, and Mr. Ford 
 was motioned to sit next to him and explain the gas 
 engine and the car in detail. After a series of questions, 
 which Ford answered, Edison brought his fist down on 
 the table -with a bang and said: 
 
 "Young man, that's the thing. You have it! Your 
 car is self-contained and carries its own power plant." 
 
 "That bang on the table," said Mr. Ford, "was worth 
 worlds to me." 
 
 Thus began a lifelong friendship between those two 
 men that is memorialised in The Edison Institute and 
 the Menlo Par\ compound. Both are a tribute of respect 
 and admiration for Edison's life and work, and at the 
 same time they cast the spell of Edisonian inspiration 
 over all who enter their doors. 
 
THE 
 
 MUSEUM 
 
Cornerstone. Edison Institute Museum 
 
 THE MUSEUM 
 
 jS THE visitor passes through the entrance 
 lobby of the museum, on his right and left 
 are chambers duplicating the two in Inde~ 
 pendence Hall — that on the right the room 
 in which the Declaration of Independence 
 -was signed; that on the left the Supreme 
 Court Chamber. These chambers now contain Phila^ 
 delphia furniture of the Eighteenth Century. Directly 
 ahead, inclosed by a glass case, is the "cornerstone." 
 It was dedicated on September 27, 1928, when Thomas 
 Alva Edison, to symbolise the union of Industry and 
 Agriculture, thrust the spade of Luther Burbank into 
 the wet cement; then imprinted his footsteps and in~ 
 scribed his name — leaving in the concrete a memorial 
 for all time. 
 
 { 8 ] 
 
LIGHT'S GOLDEN JUBILEE 
 
 During the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary 
 of the invention of his first practical incandescent lamp, 
 October ai, iaao, the front portion of the museum, con- 
 sisting of the two front chambers and the arcade to the 
 left, was the scene of a formal banquet. Prominent 
 people from all parts of the world attended. The 
 chambers were lighted by candles in the Colonial chande- 
 liers. After the re-enactment in restored Menlo Park 
 of the scene 50 years earlier, when the first successful 
 incandescent lamp was lighted, electric lights were 
 switched on in the museum for the first time. Events 
 of the evening were broadcast to hundreds of thousands 
 of listeners. 
 
 Arcades connect with reproductions of old City Hall 
 in Philadelphia on the right and Congress Hall on the 
 left, while corridors, themselves serving as exhibition 
 halls, connect all these units with the great exhibition 
 hall at the rear. Opening on the arcade at the left is 
 the Edison Institute Theater, in which many historic 
 events and famous inventions are relived through 
 play productions and technical lectures, and on the right, 
 balancing the theater, are the classrooms of the Institute's 
 high school. 
 
 MAIN EXHIBITION HALL 
 
 The main exhibition hall covers approximately eight 
 acres. The hall is indirectly illuminated, lights being 
 concealed at the base of the skylights. Ornamental grills 
 around each column are hot water radiators. The hall 
 has three major divisions representing the three main 
 industrial arts : agriculture, manufacture and transports 
 tion. On the left are the agricultural and household 
 arts exhibits. The central portion of the hall is devoted 
 to manufacture, displaying a unique power exhibit, 
 including steam, combustion and electric devices; to the 
 right is the transportation exhibit. 
 
 When the hall is completed, teakwood will cover the 
 entire 350,000 square feet of floor space. The flooring 
 has been laid in the herringbone design, the boards being 
 dovetailed together and laid on a mastic base. 
 
 [ 9 1 
 
AGRICULTURE 
 
 The agricultural section contains farm implements 
 arranged in their evolution, the displays being placed 
 to trace the growth of a season's crop. Beginning with 
 implements used in preparing the soil, the sequence 
 shows implements used for planting seed, for cultivating, 
 for harvesting and, finally, for the actual preparation 
 of the crop for market. 
 
 Here is a rude wooden plow of the Asiatic type, 
 with a roughhewn log as its beam, a metals tipped share 
 and the jaws of oxen as its mouldboard; here are plows 
 with mouldboards sheathed in saw blades, and patented 
 plows — walking and riding — from the Civil War period 
 on, with shares of cast iron and, finally, of chilled steel. 
 Here, too, is the harrow, which rivals the plow in 
 antiquity, from the earliest "bush" types, with square 
 and wheel frames of wood and simple wooden pegs as 
 tines, to the spring-toothed and multiple-disc models 
 of modern times. 
 
 Many planting and harvesting devices, eloquent of 
 the ingenuity of early American farmers, are shown; 
 scythes, from the first rough metal blades affixed to a 
 tree branch to the cradle scythes — and their mechanical 
 successors, the mowing and reaping machines. There 
 are specimens of Ambler's mowing machine, patented 
 in 1834; a reaper built in the Globe Iron Works in Brock' 
 port, New York, in 1848; and a reproduction of the 
 original McCormick reaper — one of the first commercially 
 successful types. 
 
 Illustrative of the preparing of crops for market are 
 many flails and mechanical threshing machines, such as 
 the "ground-hog" thresher of a hundred years ago; 
 the horse-powered devices, the portable and skid types, 
 and the engines that enabled steam power to be applied 
 to threshing operations. Here are the Mills engine of 
 1877 (50 years ahead of its time in the use of superheated 
 steam and forced draught) and the Westinghouse vertical 
 agricultural engine used by Henry Ford in the threshing 
 season of 1882. 
 
 Among the agricultural curiosities is a collection of 
 hay forks, some with auger-like prongs and others built 
 on the principle of the iceman's tongs. Corn huskers 
 
 [ 10 i 
 
and ensilage-cutters abound. There are various tread- 
 mills, horse-operated, and even the dog (or trained 
 sheep) treadmills devised to relieve the farmer's wife 
 of the drudgery of operating plunger churns. Of the 
 churn itself there are many specimens, in wood and 
 pottery — plunger, rocker, barrel, paddle and other types 
 — and there are examples of various early cheese presses. 
 
 As by-products of the truck-farm, herbs were grown. 
 An apothecary shop, completely equipped, teaches the 
 visual lesson of how these herbs were put to practical 
 pharmaceutical uses. 
 
 The development of flour milling is traced from 
 earliest times, through the crude Indian stump-and- 
 stone devices, the mortar-and-pestle crushers and other 
 primitive hand-types to the European water-powered 
 type represented by a clumsy but effective Roumanian 
 gristmill. 
 
 Coincidentally with the clearing of the land for the 
 sowing of crops, the lumber industry sprang into being 
 and out of it came the wood-working arts, depicted here 
 not only by the tools and machinery they evolved, but a 
 characteristic turner's shop, in which early home furni- 
 ture was made, and a cabinetmaker's shop with specimens 
 of furniture of the Georgian period. From 1840 on, 
 machine-powered tools came into use, and the various 
 types of fret- and band-saws with which the over-ornate 
 home furniture of Civil War days was made are shown. 
 
 The textile display visualizes the major steps in the 
 preparation of flax, cotton and wool, as well as all types 
 of equipment used in making cloth. Also, there are 
 pieces of finished needlework, washing machines, sewing 
 machines and ironing equipment. Exhibits of interest 
 are the model of Eli Whitney's cotton gin principle and 
 the first practical Singer sewing machine (1854). 
 
 The evolution of spinning and its sister art, weaving, 
 is here readily traced from prehistoric times through 
 primitive spindles, wheels and distaffs to modern instru- 
 ments. 
 
 Here, too, is traced the evolution of the flatiron from 
 its crude beginnings through the ingenious mechanical 
 contrivances and the camphene, kerosene and charcoal- 
 heated irons to the modern electrical irons that have 
 robbed the comic artists of one of their favorite objets 
 
 [ 11 i 
 
d'art in depicting the joys of domestic strife, and, of 
 course, of those household implements inevitably asso- 
 ciated with the flatiron — ironing boards, mangles, wash- 
 boards, washtubs and washing machines, as well as fluting 
 irons and crimping machines. 
 
 MANUFACTURE 
 
 The second division, manufacture, begins with a 
 steam engine display. Throughout the back section can 
 be traced the development of modern efficient steam 
 power. The earliest engine in the exhibit is of New- 
 comen design, known as a Newcomen atmospheric pres- 
 sure engine. It is a reciprocating engine of the walk- 
 ing beam type, developing n horsepower, and was used 
 to pump water out of an English coal mine. Serving 
 the engine is a "Haycock" or spherical boiler, so named 
 because it resembled an old-fashioned English haycock. 
 This was the earliest type of boiler used to generate 
 steam to operate engines. 
 
 The engine directly in front of 
 this is a later type of atmospheric 
 pressure engine with an added 
 invention, a separate condensing 
 chamber commonly called a 
 "pickle-pot" because of its shape, 
 and also, it has the crank method 
 of producing rotative motion from 
 reciprocating motion. This design 
 was called a "Windmill End Wind- 
 ing" engine, or a "whimsey," and 
 was used to draw up coal from 
 mines in England, developing about 19 horsepower. 
 
 Alongside the "whimsey" is an early reproduction 
 of a Watt, double-acting, rotative engine illustrating 
 the "sun and planet" gear system. The flywheel has 
 296 wooden mortice teeth which drove two pinions 
 3 feet in diameter from the shafts of which motion was 
 used for 43 metal working machines — machines used in 
 lapping or polishing steel ornaments. From this the 
 machine receives its name, "lap" engine. It has also an 
 early type of Watt centrifugal governor. 
 
 The large engine at the rear of the adjoining bay 
 is a single-acting, condensing, reciprocating pumping 
 
 [ 12 i 
 
engine, a type invented by Watt in 1765. This was 
 built by Boulton and Watt in 1795, and in 1796 was put to 
 work on the Bordesly Canal, in England, for the Warwick 
 and Birmingham Navigation Co. It developed 45 horse- 
 power and lifted 134,000 gallons of water an hour from 
 a depth of 42 feet. Steam was supplied from two * 'Wagon" 
 type boilers, so-called because of their shape. The cylin- 
 der bears the inscription Coalbrookdale, where the first 
 coal-coke iron was successfully cast. 
 
 The engine in the right foreground is known as the 
 Coalbrookdale Engine, a double-acting, factory-driving 
 engine said to represent the steam engine as Watt left it. 
 Its period is around 1800. 
 
 Next to the Coalbrookdale engine is an early design 
 of the horizontal engine nicknamed the "lie-down" 
 engine by people in the English coal mining district. 
 This type was necessary for marine power because of 
 the lack of headroom required by the old vertical engines. 
 
 The engine at the rear of the next bay is the latest 
 type made by Watt. It is a single-acting condensing 
 engine used by the Birmingham Canals Navigation Co. 
 between 1812 and 1930, and shows the last Watt im- 
 provements, such as the jet condenser, the closed cylinder 
 socket valves and the Watt parallel motion, to produce 
 direct vertical power from the swinging walking beam. 
 
 The next group of engines is marine types. Two 
 on the left are of the side-lever-acting, oscillating type 
 developed by Murdock in 1800 and used on a side-wheeler 
 boat on the river Thames between 1850 and i860. 
 
 In the foreground are two types of small marine 
 engines, the Watt Jr. and a walking beam type known 
 as the "grasshopper" because of its similarity of design 
 to the insect's body. 
 
 The tall marine engine on the right is a steeple com- 
 pound steam engine—dated 1861 — a type popular on 
 vessels plying the waters of the Great Lakes. 
 
 The large machine at the left is a combination gas- 
 steam engine — rated at 6,000 horsepower, weight ap- 
 proximately 750 tons. Nine of these engines were used 
 by the Ford Motor Company to develop power when 
 they produced the Model "T." 
 
 The electrical exhibit will include almost every 
 type of electrical device developed for all three phases 
 
 [ 13 1 
 
of electricity, generating, distributing and consuming. 
 One of the most complete units in the exhibit is the 
 W. J. Hammer collection of 1,100 incandescent lamps. 
 A recent addition is one of the largest incandescent lamps 
 ever made. The glass bulb measures 20 inches in diameter 
 and the very heavy tungsten filament consumes 50,000 
 watts. The average lamp used for ordinary home light- 
 ing is 40 watts. The big lamp consumes about 1,250 times 
 that amount, or 67 horsepower. 
 
 This exhibit ties in with the evolution of the work of 
 Edison's predecessors in gas lighting and arc lighting and 
 with the great historic collection of lighting and illumi- 
 nating devices, one of the most comprehensive in the 
 country, which dates back to Egyptian and Roman 
 times. Here are literally thousands of handwrought 
 articles used for the creating and dispersing of artificial 
 light: Eskimo lamps; ancient clay lamps; ceramic lamps; 
 Betty lamps; lamps that burned whale oil, camphene, 
 kerosene; store lamps, mine lamps, carriage lamps; 
 petticoat lamps; hanging lamps and swinging lamps; 
 tallow, wax and bayberry candles; rush lights; candle- 
 holders; candlesticks of wood, stone, bone, shell, glass 
 and every known metal or combination of metals; 
 chandeliers and sconces; tinder boxes and pistols; and all 
 the gadgets associated with artificial lighting, such as 
 snufters, trays and matchholders. 
 
 We find here the evolution of the vacuum cleaner 
 (which stems back through the carpet sweeper of "Brus- 
 sels Carpet Days" to the corn brooms and brushes of the 
 Colonists), of heating and cooking devices (open fire- 
 places, early baseburners and Franklin stoves; kerosene, 
 gas and electrical ranges), of refrigerating equipment, 
 and of mimeographs, dictaphones, typewriters, mailing 
 machines and scores of other devices that constitute the 
 familiar machinery of our everyday lives. 
 
 Among these is the camera. So we have the photog- 
 raphy sequence, which shows the development of the 
 camera through Edison's kinetophone and kinetoscope, 
 forerunners of motion and talking picture machines, 
 to the modern equipment of the motion picture industry. 
 
 Back of this form of "graphic art" is the art of printing. 
 So we have a chronological development of the machinery 
 
 t 14 I 
 
of printing, shown in models of the wooden hand press 
 of Blaeu, the Columbian hand press, the Washington 
 hand press and the early platen presses operated by 
 treadle, with representative works of the printing art 
 in the form of broadsides, pamphlets and tracts, and 
 numerous specimens of typography as well as early 
 examples of type casting and type founding. 
 
 One exhibit includes a section of every cable stretched 
 across the Atlantic, commencing with the first laid by 
 Cyrus Field in 1858, which failed, and the second, laid 
 by the Great Eastern between Ireland and Newfound- 
 land, which was a success. 
 
 Here may be seen a few of Edison's many inventions. 
 This display contains mimeographs, stencil machines 
 and Ediphones. Most of his inventions, however, are 
 exhibited at the restored Menlo Park laboratory in the 
 village. 
 
 The works of the great physicists who preceded Edison 
 in the field of electrical discovery and invention are not 
 neglected in the museum exhibits. Nor are his great 
 contemporaries overlooked — Nikola Tesla, Steinmets, 
 Westinghouse and others. 
 
 The evolution of the dynamo is traced through the 
 early types used for plating and welding, the so-called 
 "Z," "A" and "K" types of Edison, the dynamo belted 
 to the steam engine, the Pearl Street Station and the 
 turbine driven dynamos of today. The application and 
 distribution of that power led to an entirely different 
 set of inventions by Edison and others. Their evolution 
 is seen in exhibits of conduits, insulated wire, fuses, 
 cutouts, switches and the like, and of voltmeters, am- 
 meters — all the devices by which current is measured, 
 from the chemical meters to the modern instruments 
 that register kilowatts used. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION 
 
 The section of the exhibition hall showing trans* 
 portation displays "will include all types of locomotion 
 and will show reproductions of chariots found in ancient 
 tombs, original primitive ox sledges, ox carts with solid 
 wheels, and wagons and carriages of every description. 
 
 1 15 i 
 
Power locomotion will be shown through gasoline, 
 steam, and electric automobiles; airplanes, motorcycles, 
 boats, bicycles and locomotives. 
 
 Of American-made horse-drawn vehicles, both those 
 that are purely American in character and those of foreign 
 derivation, there is a great wealth of fine examples. 
 In the first class are included the Colonial gig, chaise and 
 chair; the buckboard; the tin peddler's cart; the rock- 
 away, a smart closed vehicle with an overlapping roof 
 for the protection of the driver; and a beautiful example 
 of coach, built by William Ross in 1760 and used by 
 General Lafayette during his first visit to this country. 
 In the second class are hansom cabs, broughams, victorias, 
 landaus and the Cuban volante. There is also a full 
 sequence of sleighs and cutters deriving from the earliest 
 sled. 
 
 Paralleling this is a comprehensive display of fire- 
 fighting equipment, through which the evolution 
 of the fire engine is disclosed from the first crude devices 
 pumped by hand and pulled by human leg-and-lung 
 power, to the gorgeous horse-drawn and power-driven 
 engines of our youth and the self-propelled motorized 
 units of the automobile age. 
 
 The exhibit contains interesting early coaches that 
 mark epochal steps in the advancement of design and 
 construction. A few of the more interesting are: the 
 Conestoga Wagon, first seen in 1755, a purely American 
 product made in Conestoga Valley in Lancaster County, 
 Pennsylvania. It was in the * 'Prairie Schooner," as it 
 was called in the next 
 century, that civilisa- 
 tion migrated westward. 
 
 Airplanes as an im- 
 portant phase of trans- 
 portation are represented 
 by a 1909 Bleriot; the 
 "Pride of Detroit," 
 which flew around the 
 world; an Autogyro; 
 Admiral Byrd's North 
 and South Pole planes, 
 a Fokker and a Ford. 
 
 The "Rocket" Locomotive 
 
 16 
 
The track spurs in the museum floor contain the 
 development of the locomotive, the earliest being a replica 
 of the "Roc\et" which was the first successful steam 
 locomotive, built in England, October, 1829. The 
 chronology then follows to the De Witt Clinton, built in 
 1831, the first practical locomotive in America. This is a 
 reconstruction of the original. Folio wing this are 
 locomotives of the Civil War period — wood burners of 
 i860 and 1865 — and one dating 1897. The largest engine 
 
 View of Transportation Section 
 
 in the exhibit, built in 1902, is the first to attain a speed 
 of more than 90 miles an hour. A French engine built 
 for narrow gauge tracks and a modern engine, 1915, 
 complete the chronology. 
 
 Another exhibit is the old-style train. This has been 
 restored to resemble the one on which the youthful 
 Edison worked as a news butcher. "Sam Hill," a locomo- 
 tive of the Civil War period, stands at its head. The 
 baggage car contains a small laboratory with bottles of 
 chemicals such as Edison used to experiment with; a 
 hand press such as he used in printing the first newspaper 
 published on a train — the Herald — is there. Two pas- 
 senger cars comprise the remainder of the train, one of 
 
 [17 1 
 
them an original from The Bangor & Aroostook R. R. 
 On this train Thomas A. Edison and Mrs. Edison, 
 escorted by the then President Herbert Hoover and Mrs. 
 Hoover, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Ford and other guests, 
 rode to Greenfield Village, October 21, 1929, to take part 
 in Light's Golden Jubilee celebration and the dedication 
 of the Edison Institute. 
 
 The evolution of cycling is depicted in an infinite 
 variety of models, from von Sauerbronn's crude draisine 
 or "Gentleman's Hobbyhorse," propelled without benefit 
 of pedals, to the latest type of modern motorcycle, and 
 including the "boneshaker"; the "phantom" of the 
 6o's; the "spider" of the 70's; the high- wheeled racing 
 "ordinaries" and "xtraordinaries" of the 8o's, with 
 small wheel behind or before; the so-called "safety" 
 bicycles of the Twentieth Century; tandems, four-seaters 
 and one freak, beloved of small boys, that has 10 seats. 
 
 In the bicycle exhibit, the visitor may see the largest 
 and smallest bicycles ever built and used. Also, one may 
 see many curious styles of cycle, such as the kangaroo, 
 the star, the tricycle and the velocipede. 
 
 The automobile sequence is very comprehensive, both 
 in its foreign and American types, with examples of the 
 Daimler, the Bens, the Eisenach and other makes built 
 from 1884 to 1902, a model of the first Isotta-Fraschini 
 and an early Renault. The early American makes include 
 the Winton, Haynes, Cadillac and Reo, various "electrics" 
 and the steamers of Stanley, White and others. The 
 story of the Ford automobile is told from Mr. Ford's first 
 car, completed in 1896, through subsequent develop- 
 ments to the Model T, represented by the 15,000,000th 
 Ford car, and the Model A, represented by the 20,000,- 
 oooth, and including the Model K — the only six-cylinder 
 model ever built in the Ford factories — as well as the 
 famous Ford racing cars — the "999," the "Seven-by- 
 Seven Opposed" and the "Model T Hill-climbing Racer" 
 of 1910. Among the cars in the transportation exhibit 
 that attract attention is Riker's "Bullet," a streamlined, 
 skeleton car of ancient vintage which, powered by 
 storage batteries, challenged all-comers (steamers, elec- 
 tric, gasoline powered cars, etc. ) to a test of speed and 
 won the first automobile race in this country. 
 
 [ 18 i 
 
HANDICRAFT SHOPS 
 
 Permanent structures in the museum are representa- 
 tive of Colonial shops. 
 
 In a corner of the exhibition hall stands a recon- 
 struction of the historic Caleb Taft Blacksmith Shop, 
 Uxbridge, Massachusetts. The shop contains one of the 
 few remaining ox slings in which the ox was fastened 
 and then lifted by a winch so the smith could shoe the 
 beast. The poet Longfellow knew of this shop and 
 occasionally visited it. Other articles in the shop include 
 a wooden frame forge with hand-operated bellows, 
 benches for nail makers and a stone- weighted, hand- 
 operated drill, the first type of pressure drill. 
 
 In a corner of the pewter shop is a caldron for melting 
 the alloy. Nearby is the foot-power lathe for burnish- 
 ing, and about the shop are plate and spoon moulds of 
 bronze. The pewter on display in the window and on 
 the shelves along 
 the side wall is of 
 the last period of 
 general use. 
 
 The tinsmith'' s 
 shop is modeled after 
 one kept by J. B. 
 Sweet at Pitts- 
 field, New Hamp- 
 shire, and is 
 equipped with tools 
 to turn out almost 
 any article in small 
 tinware. Speci- 
 mens of the craft are also shown 
 pipe anvil. 
 
 In the candle ma\er's shop are illustrated the two most 
 common methods of making candles, the dip and mould. 
 Two types of dip are shown, that in the corner being 
 built like a scale with weights to balance the candles 
 and regulate their size; and that in the center represent- 
 ing the rotary type. Candle moulds are shown on work 
 benches, along with other examples of candle-making 
 equipment. Several tallow caldrons are in this shop. 
 
 [ 19 i 
 
 Candle Maker's Shop 
 
 In the rear is a stove 
 
FURNITURE 
 
 There are some 6,000 pieces of furniture in the mu^ 
 seum collections which go back to the European sources 
 of inspiration (Chippendale, Sheraton, Hepplewhite 
 and others), carry through to modern times and are 
 particularly finely representative of the craftsmanship 
 of the early American masters — Savery of Philadelphia, 
 Johnson of Salem, Goddard of Newport, Saxon of Boston 
 and Phyfe of New York. 
 
 The central unit, left and right of the Edison corner- 
 stone, is given over almost entirely to Philadelphia 
 Chippendale furniture — chairs, bureaus, secretaries, 
 tables. The cases of the two grandfather clocks at the 
 left, one of mahogany and one of curly maple, likewise 
 are the work of Philadelphia cabinetmakers. 
 
 Continuing left through the long arcade is a section 
 filled with Queen Anne and William-and-Mary furni- 
 ture, including a very rare oval-top Queen Anne dining 
 table with a set of six chairs and equally rare William- 
 and-Mary highboy, lowboy and slant-top desk. 
 
 In the extreme left section (Congress Hall) is Colonial 
 furniture, most of it of great rarity. Several of the 
 bridal chests and the trestle-foot table, for instance, are 
 as fine as anything of their kind to be found. 
 
 The arcade on the right of the central unit leads to 
 sections balancing those on the left. The first of these 
 contains Hepplewhite and Sheraton furniture, and 
 the one at the extreme right of the building has many 
 beautiful examples of the work of Duncan Phyfe. 
 
 Along the walls of the arcades, on which handsome 
 mirrors and banjo clocks of American make are hung, 
 we find various recesses and cases containing displays of 
 sundials and sandglasses, table silver, porcelain, fine 
 china and the like. 
 
 Many of the objects seen here are of considerable his- 
 toric as well as intrinsic interest. There are, for in- 
 stance, a Chippendale table that once was the property 
 of John Hancock; a New England high-back chair of 
 1710, once the property of Lady Pepperell; a corner 
 cupboard owned by Governor Saltonstall of Massachu- 
 setts; a Queen Anne chair (1730) owned by General 
 
 [ao ] 
 
a 
 
 THE EDISON INSTITUTE 
 
 'TpHE Edison Institute at Dearborn, Michigan, is an educational 
 A project founded by Henry Ford and named for hi« friend, 
 the late world-famous inventor, Thomas Alva Edison, whose 
 lifetime of constant service to humanity has been an inspiration 
 to him and many others. It occupies more than 200 acres and 
 comprises three parts: The Museum, Greenfield Village and the 
 school system — Village schools, high school and Institute of 
 Technology. 
 
 MUSEUM 
 
 The first building usually entered by visitors is the museum. 
 While the exhibits are not yet completely catalogued and 
 arranged, sufficient are on display to give the visitor a com- 
 prehensive idea of their scope and variety. The facade of this 
 building is made up of a group of units containing classrooms, 
 workshops, libraries, auditorium and offices. These units are 
 architectural reproductions of Independence Hall, Congress 
 Hall and Old City Hall of Philadelphia; 
 
 Directly ahead of the visitor, after he has passed through 
 the entrance lobby, is a glass case inclosing the Edison Memorial. 
 This was completed on September 27, 1928, when the inventor 
 thrust the spade of Luther Burbank into the wet cement, im- 
 printed his footsteps and inscribed his name. Around this 
 block of concrete the museum structure was erected. 
 
 Arcades connect the reproductions of Old City Hall on the 
 right and Congress Hall on the left with Independence Hall in 
 the center, while corridors, themselves serving as exhibition 
 halls, connect these three units with the main exhibition hall 
 at the rear. The left arcadejpasses The Edison Institute Theater, 
 where many historic events are relived through play productions 
 staged by students of The Edison Institute schools. The right 
 arcade passes the classrooms of the Institute's high school. 
 
 MAIN EXHIBITION HALL 
 
 When the visitor enters the main exhibition hall, he surveys 
 an area of approximately eight acres whereon have been 
 arranged exhibits illustrative of the three principal arts: 
 Agriculture, Manufacture and Transportation. Agriculture, 
 household arts, textiles and allied exhibits have been placed 
 
 page two 
 
on the left; Manufacture and power — including steam, combus- 
 tion and electric devices — are in the center; and Transportation 
 is on the right. 
 
 The entire floor space of 350,000 square feet is covered 
 with teakwood laid in a herringbone design, the boards being 
 dovetailed together and laid on a mastic base. Other construction 
 details include indirect illumination, with lights concealed at the 
 base of the skylights; and hot water radiators in the ornamen- 
 tal grills around each of the supporting columns. 
 
 Exhibits in the Agriculture section are arranged in order of 
 evolution, and trace the growth of a season's crop. Beginning 
 with implements used in preparing the soil, the sequence shows 
 those used in planting seed, in cultivating, in harvesting, and 
 finally, in the actual preparation of the crop for market. 
 
 In the Division of Manufacture, the development of modern 
 efficient steam power may be traced, while almost every type of 
 electrical device developed for all three phases of electricity — 
 generating, distributing and consuming — is in the electrical 
 section. Here, also, is the W. J. Hammer lamp collection. 
 
 All types of locomotion are included in the Transportation 
 exhibit, including reproductions of chariots found in ancient 
 tombs, primitive ox sledges, ox carts with solid wheels and 
 wagons and carriages of every kind. Power locomotion is 
 shown through gasoline, steam and electric automobiles, air- 
 planes, motorcycles, boats, bicycles and locomotives. 
 
 Among the airplane types are a 1909 Bleriot; a Stinson, the 
 "Pride of Detroit," which flew around the world; an Autogyro; 
 a Junkers, the "Bremen" which made the first east to west 
 transatlantic crossing; and Admiral Byrd's North and South 
 Pole planes, a Fokker and a Ford. 
 
 On track spurs in the museum floor the development of the 
 locomotive is shown, beginning with a replica of the English 
 "Rocket" and continuing down through a reconstruction of 
 the original "De Witt Clinton," and wood-burner types of the 
 Civil War period, including an old-style train restored to re- 
 semble one on which the youthful Edison worked as a news 
 butcher. On this train the inventor and Mrs. Edison, escorted 
 by the then President Herbert Hoover and Mrs. Hoover, Mr. 
 uud Mrs. Henry Ford and other guests, rode to Greenfield Village 
 October 21,1 929, to take part in Light's Golden Jubilee celebra- 
 tion and the dedication or The Edison Institute. 
 
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 MAP Of GREENFIELD VILLAGE 
 (Identification of buildings on next page ) 
 
 Whea you eater the Village at the 
 Waiting Room gate lodge, your tour 
 starts at No. 3 on the map. To 
 reach the Village Green, the center of 
 the Village, proceed along Main Street 
 three blocks to intersection with Christie 
 Street, and turn right one block. At 
 this point you will see the General 
 Store at your left; and the Chapel of 
 Martha- Marv at the head of the green. 
 (1938 ) 
 
IDENTIFICATION OF BUILDINGS 
 
 i — Parking Lot 
 
 2 — The Edison Institute Museum 
 
 3 — Gate Lodge Village Entrance 
 
 4 — Floral Clock 
 
 5 — Village Barn 
 
 6 — Chemical Laboratory 
 
 7 — Loranger Sawmill 
 
 8— The Edison Institute School 
 and Gymnasium 
 
 9 — Century Machine Shop 
 i o — Loranger Gristmill 
 1 1 — Village Pottery 
 12 — Sandwich Glass Plant 
 1 3 — Lapeer Shop 
 14 — Armington & Sims Machine 
 Shop 
 
 1 5 — 58 Bagley Avenue Shop 
 
 16 — Wright Brothers' Cycle Shop 
 
 1 7 — Wright Home 
 
 1 8 — Magill Jewelry Store 
 
 19 — Deluge Fire Engine 
 
 20 — Owl Night Lunch Wagon 
 
 21— Hank's Silk Mill 
 
 22 — Plymouth Carding Mill 
 
 2 3 — Jumbo Dynamo 
 
 24 — Rest Rooms 
 
 25 — Blacksmith Shop 
 
 26 — Kingston Cooper Shop 
 
 27 — Currier Shoe Shop 
 
 28— Toll House Shoe Shop 
 
 2 f>— Tintype Studio 
 
 30 — Sir John Bennett's 
 
 Jewelry Store 
 3 1 — Town Hall School 
 
 page six 
 
 32 — Post Office 
 
 33 — Plymouth House 
 
 34— Smith's Creek Depot 
 
 3 5 — Pioneer Log Cabin 
 
 36 — Gardner House 
 
 37— Waterford Genera! Store 
 
 38 — Clinton Inn 
 
 39 — Martha-Mary Chapel 
 
 40— Suwanee River 
 
 41 — Steamer Suwanee 
 
 42 — Scotch Settlement School 
 
 43 — Logan County Courthouse 
 
 44 — Slave Huts 
 
 45 — Menlo Park Group 
 
 46 — Rest Rooms 
 
 47 — McGufFey Group 
 
 48 — Sarah Jordan Boarding 
 House 
 
 49 — Fort Myers Laboratory 
 
 50 — Covered Bridge 
 
 51 — Luther Burbank Office 
 
 52 — Steinmetz Camp 
 
 53 — Stephen Foster House 
 
 54 — Luther Burbank Birthplace 
 
 5 5 — Swiss Watchmakers' Chalet 
 
 56 — Ann Arbor House 
 
 57 — Edison Homestead 
 
 58 — Noah Webster House 
 
 59 — Secretary House 
 
 Co — Cotswold Group 
 
 61 — Cotswold Forge 
 62 — Plympton House 
 63— Cape Cod Windmill 
 
THE VILLAGE 
 
 Adjoining the museum on the east is Greenfield Village. 
 Here the handicraft arts of the past are preserved as they were 
 practised in their original environment. Many of these shops 
 and mills cluster along Main Street east of the Village entrance 
 and may be visited immediately upon entering the Village, if so 
 desired. 
 
 Visitors will understand, of course, the reason for closing 
 the schools and some of the homes to the public. Guides are 
 at hand to explain and describe the structures, which may be 
 viewed from the outside. 
 
 The historic Village centers in the "green" as did early 
 American communities. About this spot stand the public build- 
 ings — Clinton Inn, the Chapel of Martha-Mary, the Village 
 schools, the Logan County Courthouse, the Town Hall and the 
 General Store. 
 
 The Edison buildings, including the restored laboratory 
 and the other Menlo Park structures, adjoin the "green" and 
 stretch along Christie Street as far as the Fort Myers laboratory 
 and the Edison homestead. 
 
 Beyond this group along Dumeld Lane are many of the Village 
 homes, with the Cape Cod windmill at the far end. The Cots- 
 wold Cottage group is open to visitors. 
 
 On Christie Street opposite the tintype studio is the Village 
 Post Office, whence cards or letters bearing the "Greenfield" 
 postmark may be mailed. The many industrial and craft shops 
 that dot the west section of the Village include the Wright 
 Cycle Company shop, birthplace of the airplane; 58 Bagley Ave- 
 nue, birthplace of the Ford car; the Sir John Bennett Jewelry 
 Shop; and such craft industries as those of the cooper, the 
 hfcicksmith, the weaver, the glass blower, the shoemaker, the 
 tintype artist and the potter. The mills include the silk mill, 
 gristmill and century-old sawmill. 
 
 fr«l -. I UlJJj B LJJ HI -LH» I ..L I HL ., 1 .) HUH ' t tfJ £ r SCVCH » 
 
PRODUCTS OF 
 The Edison Institute Handicraft Shops 
 
 GREENFIELD VILLAGE 
 
 Plymouth Carding Mill 
 
 Hand-woven Textiles 
 
 Cotswold Forge 
 
 Hand-wrought Iron Nails, 
 Door-knockers, 
 Paper-weights 
 
 Kingston Cooper Shop 
 
 Buckets. Churns, Tankards. 
 Wooden Dishes 
 
 Sandwich Glass Plant 
 
 Colored Cream Pitchers, 
 Vases, Dishes 
 
 Village Pottery 
 
 Bowls. Casseroles, Teapots, 
 Cookie Jars, Bean Pots 
 
 Loranger Gristmill 
 
 Stone-ground Flour and Meal 
 
 MAY BE PURCHASED AT WAITING ROOM ENTRANCE 
 
 VOLUME ONE 
 
 "REMINISCENCES OF MENLO PARK" 
 
 By FRANCIS JEHL 
 
 Cloth bound 75 cents Paper hound 35 cents 
 
 Mailing charge 1 5 cents extra 
 
 Published by 
 THE EDISON INSTITUTE 
 
 Copies may be purchased at the Waiting Room entrance 
 
 to Greenfield Village, or by writing to The Edison 
 
 Institute, Dearborn, Michigan, 
 
 VOLUME TWO NOW IN PREPARATION 
 
Joseph Warren; a gate-legged table at which Lafayette 
 frequently wined and dined while a guest in the home 
 of Joseph Reynolds at Bristol, Rhode Island, when the 
 famous French soldier had his headquarters there. 
 
 Since musical instruments, particularly of the type 
 that was to develop into the modern piano, came to be 
 cherished at least as much for their fine cabinetwork 
 as for the opportunity they afforded for sometimes 
 questionable communion with the Muse, the extremely 
 comprehensive collection of these instruments in the 
 museum ties in naturally with the furniture exhibits. 
 
 First in the sequence of piano-like instruments is a 
 Fifteenth Century virginal, which was placed on a table 
 or the player's lap and operated through a little jack 
 which plecked the strings as the keys were struck. 
 Next is another "string-plecking" instrument — a spinet, 
 but this had a cabinet of its own — a beautiful piece of 
 craftsmanship, triangular in form. The harpsichord, 
 of the type used by Bach, is next in line and marks a 
 great mechanical advance over its predecessors. Then 
 come pianofortes, from 1780 on, many of them in beautiful 
 Sheraton and Duncan Phyfe cases. And so to the piano, 
 of gradually increasing sise and range of keyboard, and 
 of the square, upright and "grand" types that marked 
 changing modes and fancies. 
 
 These show the normal stage in piano development, 
 but there are many "freaks' ' as well, to illustrate man's 
 inventive ingenuity in seeking answers to problems of 
 resonance, tone, construction and design. 
 
 The organ is the next sequence, with representative 
 types of all periods, beginning with the so-called "gal- 
 loper" or lap-melodeons, with piston keys and piano 
 keys; then the "galloper" set on a stand of its own, 
 and thus to the subsequent metamorphosis of the organ 
 into a combined musical instrument and piece of furniture 
 — seraphines, melodeons and harmoniums — all the reed- 
 types from 1840 on and many in exquisite cases of mahog- 
 any or rosewood. The development of the pipe organ, 
 because of its great size, is illustrated only by a few 
 of the smaller types such as were constructed for small 
 churches and mansion homes. Among these is one placed 
 in a baby grand piano console, the first instrument of 
 its kind so constructed. 
 
 [ « J 
 
Next comes the mechanical group in which is shown 
 the complete evolution of the Swiss music box (from the 
 smallest types, with their tiny steel-toothed brass rolls 
 tinkling tunes from steel combs, to the great multi-rolled 
 instruments, with tympani, organ, trap-drum and bell 
 attachments and their drum-, castinet- and bell-playing 
 automats). 
 
 Other exhibits include harps, and a comprehensive 
 collection of band instruments, gathered by a New York 
 bandmaster. The several hundred pieces in this group, 
 used by famous bands from the Civil War period on, 
 show the evolution of wood-wind instruments, the 
 French horn, saxophone, trombone and other "brass" 
 types, and include the "serpents" which supplied the 
 first "natural" bass in orchestral music. 
 
 Even in the department of music Thomas Edison is 
 not unrepresented in the institute that bears his name. 
 He collected some 10,000 scores of classic, semi-classic 
 and modern music, and this collection, now in the 
 Edison Institute, constitutes one of the largest sheet 
 music libraries in the world. 
 
 West Facade, Edison Institute Museum 
 [ M> ] 
 
THE 
 
 VILLAGE 
 
^p^^^^^^^^pps^^g I 
 
 ;^ir : 
 
 Identification of buildings as shoun 
 
borve will be found on page a6 
 
IDENTIFICATION of BUILDINGS 
 
 i — Parking Lot 
 
 a — Edison Institute Museum 
 
 3 — Gate Lodge 
 
 4— Floral Clock 
 
 5 — Village Barn 
 
 6 — Chemical Plant 
 
 7 — Loranger Sawmill 
 
 8 — Edison Institute School and 
 Gymnasium 
 
 9 — Early Machine Shop 
 to — Loranger Gristmill 
 il — Soy Bean Extraction Plant 
 12, — Tripp Sawmill 
 13 — Brick Factory 
 14 — Village Pottery 
 15 — Outdoor Engine 
 16 — Sorghum Mill 
 17 — Cider Mill 
 18 — Mine Engine 
 19 — Sandwich Glass Plant 
 20 — Lapeer Shop 
 21 — Armington £s? Sims Machine 
 
 Shop 
 22 — 58 Bagley Avenue Shop 
 23 — Annex to Shop 
 24 — Wright Brothers Cycle Shop 
 25 — Wright Home 
 26 — Magill Jewelry Store 
 27 — Deluge Fire Engine 
 28 — Lunch Wagon 
 29 — Refreshment Stands 
 30— Hank's Silk Mill 
 31 — Plymouth Carding Mill 
 32 — Weave Shed 
 33 — Merry-go-round 
 34 — Jumbo Dynamo 
 35 — Rest Rooms 
 36 — Blacksmith Shop 
 37 — Kingston Cooper Shop 
 38— Currier Shoe Shop 
 39 — Toll House 
 
 79 — Rest 
 
 f 26 
 
 40 — Tintype Studio 
 
 41 — Sir John Bennett's Jewelry 
 
 Store 
 42— Town Hall School 
 43 — Post Office 
 44 — Plymouth House 
 45 — Smith's Creek Depot 
 46 — Pioneer Log Cabin 
 47 — Gardner House 
 48 — Waterford General Store 
 49 — Riding Stable 
 50 — Clinton Inn 
 51 — Stone Mill 
 52 — Martha-Mary Chapel 
 53 — Suwanee River 
 54 — Steamer Suwanee 
 55 — Scotch Settlement School 
 56 — Logan County Courthouse 
 57 — Slave Huts 
 58 — Menlo Park Group 
 59 — Rest Rooms 
 60 — McGuffey School Gardens 
 61 — Sarah Jordan Boarding 
 
 House 
 62 — Fort Myers Laboratory 
 63 — McGuffey Group 
 64 — Luther Burbank Office 
 65 — Steinmetfc Camp 
 66 — Stephen Foster House 
 67 — Luther Burbank Birthplace 
 68 — Swiss Watchmakers' Chalet 
 69 — Ann Arbor House 
 70 — Edison Homestead 
 71 — Noah Webster House 
 72 — Athletic Field 
 73 — River Rouge 
 74 — Secretary House 
 75 — Cotswold Group 
 76 — Cotswold Forge 
 77 — Plympton House 
 78— Cape Cod Windmill 
 Rooms 
 
3BT 
 
 Scotch- Settlement School 
 
 THE VILLAGE SCHOOLS 
 
 jHE Edison Institute has been described as 
 an educational project, wherein all things 
 combine to teach life and living. Schools 
 have their place in such a program, although 
 just as much is learned outside the school 
 building as within. The lessons from books 
 and on blackboards supplement the actual experiences 
 that are real education. 
 
 In Greenfield Village experience with life begins at 
 the commencement of school, rather than at the school 
 commencement. In other words, it starts with the 
 kindergarten. The kindergarten occupies the Ann 
 Arbor House. In the basement is a large airy play room. 
 On the first floor is the library, activity room, kitchen, 
 and a dining room where the sixteen boys and girls have 
 their lunch. The second floor rooms are equipped with 
 cots. Here the rest period is spent. First and second 
 grades attend a log school. Appropriately, this school is 
 
 27 
 
named in honor of William Holmes McGuffey whose 
 McGufFey Readers biased the trail to graded instruction 
 in the pioneer Middle West, and gave to more than one 
 generation an introduction to life, to right conduct and 
 to good literature. Many obtained all their schooling 
 from these books. 
 
 The logs of which the school is built were brought 
 from the Holmes farm in Pennsylvania, where Dr. 
 McGufFey was born. The restored log cabin birthplace 
 stands adjacent to the school, and has been equipped 
 with McGuffey furniture. 
 
 Although built of logs, the McGuffey School is ultra^ 
 modern in its lighting and heating. Artificial illumina^ 
 tion is indirect along the upper edges of the walls just 
 below the ceiling. Airconditioned throughout, the 
 building is snugly comfortable in winter and cool in 
 summer. No open chinks admit the January blasts, 
 for the interior is paneled. 
 
 The furnishings are old and new. The desk used by 
 the teacher -was once used by McGuffey. A fireplace 
 with mantel fills the far end of the room. On the wall 
 are illustrations reproduced from the McGuffey Readers. 
 
 The individual desks of the pupils are light, strong 
 and designed to accommodate small bodies in comfort. 
 Those of the smallest tots are lower, permitting their 
 feet to rest on the floor. The combination desk-chair 
 is shaped something like the traditional cafeteria chair, 
 with a book compartment suspended below the flat 
 arm rest. The latter opens, serving as the lid of the 
 compartment. 
 
 As it is difficult for little hands to extract pencils, 
 pens or erasers from among these books, a separate sliding 
 drawer has been concealed beneath the chair seat. It is 
 drawn out easily. 
 
 The basement is a notable feature of the school. 
 Adapted to recreation use during winter recesses, it 
 also serves as a supplemental classroom. In one corner 
 of the room, pupils form a circle of small chairs to watch 
 slides projected on the screen from a lantern. 
 
 On reaching the third grade, the village school pupil 
 leaves the McGuffey School, and moves to the Scotch 
 Settlement School or the Town Hall School. 
 
 These two buildings face the "green," the former 
 
 t ^8 j 
 
being near the head of the "green," the latter at the foot. 
 There is no historical significance attached to the Town 
 Hall structure, although it presents an interesting 
 architectural addition to the public buildings. Its interior 
 was designed after town halls of half a century ago, the 
 space now being occupied by individual desks. 
 
 > The Scotch Settlement School is a low one-story brick 
 building. Among those who attended it in early days was 
 the youthful Henry Ford. The interior has been re- 
 stored to resemble as closely as possible that known to 
 Mr. Ford, and at the same time the conveniences have 
 been modernised. 
 
 Pupils of the Town Hall and Scotch Settlement schools, 
 along with those from the high school, are served a hot 
 lunch each noon in the dining room of the Clinton Inn. 
 Warm fresh milk is also supplied, as in the case of the 
 McGuffey pupils. 
 
 Shower baths and lockers for boys are found in the 
 basement of the Swiss Watchmakers' Chalet. Outdoor 
 swimming facilities are provided by the "Suwanee 
 River 1 ' (as the lagoon adjoining the Stephen Foster 
 Cottage is named). Dressing rooms for boys are in the 
 basement of the Luther Burban\ office ; and for the girls 
 in the basement of the Steinmetz Camp Cottage. In the 
 vicinity of the athletic field are bridle paths for the 
 horseback riding classes. 
 
 Girls study sewing in the Stephen Foster House, mak- 
 ing articles for their homes, or to wear. Duties of house- 
 keeping are taught in a girls' club, the Secretary House, 
 to be described in more detail under Homes of the Village. 
 Boys study manual training and other handicrafts in 
 the various shops, and weaving is taught girls in an 
 annex behind the Village Carding Mill. 
 
 When a pupil has been graduated from the seventh 
 grade, he or she goes to the Edison Institute High School 
 classrooms in the museum. 
 
 In the Recreation Building is housed the Edison In- 
 stitute of Technology. Here a small group of young 
 men and women who have been graduated from high 
 school are preparing for engineering and secretarial 
 careers. 
 
 i *> l 
 
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 -"X 
 
 Chapel of Martha^Mary 
 
 AROUND THE GREEN 
 
 jHE buildings of Greenfield Village center 
 about the "green" as did those of the Early 
 American communities. About this spot 
 stand the Inn, the Chapel, the School, the 
 Courthouse, the Town Hall and the General 
 Store. Clinton Inn, a typical hostelry of 
 ioo years ago, stood in Clinton, Michigan, on the great 
 Sauk Indian Trail. Early stagecoaches leaving Detroit 
 for Chicago made this their first overnight stop. 
 
 The public rooms of the Inn are furnished in keeping 
 with the original furnishings from the Everyday Parlor 
 with its rag carpet and Currier and Ives prints to the 
 Sunday Parlor with its haircloth covered furniture, 
 lace window curtains and ornamental fireplace. In 
 
 [31 i 
 
BUILDINGS 
 
 i. Clinton Inn 
 
 ». Chapel of Martha- 
 Mary 
 
 3 Scotch Settle 
 ment School 
 
 4. Logan County 
 
 Courthouse 
 
 5. Slave Huts 
 
 6. Menlo Park 
 
 7. Town Hall 
 
 School 
 
 8. Waterford 
 
 General Store 
 
 9. Gardner House 
 10. Livery Stable 
 
 ^,^^ :> rs'% &<\ -^ ^*~^%^ * 
 
 the kitchen the great fireplace is hung about with cranes 
 and kettles. Its spits, and roasters; its bed warmers and 
 its fly roost hung with dry fruits and vegetables speak 
 of warmth and hospitality and good cheer for weary 
 travelers. 
 
 The Chapel of MARTHA-MARY overlooking the 
 "green" was named for the mothers of Mrs. and Mr. 
 Henry Ford. The bricks in the building and the doors 
 are from the girlhood home of Mrs. Ford. In the tower 
 a sweet-toned bell cast by Paul Revere, Jr. announces 
 every schoolday the morning services of the village 
 school children. These are broadcast on Wednesday 
 mornings over a national network. On Sunday non- 
 sectarian services are held by the village staff. 
 
 The Brick School which stands across the * 'green'* 
 from the Inn was originally in the old Scotch Settlement 
 near Dearborn. Although it is todav one of the schools 
 
 [32 1 
 

 the typeen 
 
 GREENFIELD VILLAGE 
 
 of the Edison Institute, it is furnished as it was nearly 80 
 years ago. It has the old-fashioned stove, the kerosene 
 lamps, wooden blackboards, the desks with carved initials, 
 and even the old hand-bell stands on the teacher's desk. 
 But modern lighting, heating and ventilation have been 
 installed. 
 
 Nearby is the LOGAH COUT^X? COURTHOUSE 
 from Illinois, where it was erected in 1840. For eight 
 years Abraham Lincoln when a young man practised law 
 here. The lower floor was used for court with the 
 judge's bench at one end and a fireplace at the other. 
 
 During the Edison celebration, October 21, 1929, 
 Herbert Hoover lighted the fire in this fireplace. It has 
 burned ever since. 
 
 Several pieces of Lincoln furniture are in the room, 
 the original corner cupboard, fashioned by young "Abe" 
 and his father, Lincoln's wardrobe, the table from a 
 
 (33 i 
 
Slave Huts 
 
 nearby courthouse where he 
 once practised, a number of 
 chairs and other pieces from his 
 Springfield home, and in one 
 corner the chair in which he 
 was seated on the night of his 
 assassination in a Washington 
 theater. 
 
 In the shadow of the Courthouse are two SLAVE 
 HUTS from the Hermitage Plantation near Savannah, 
 Georgia. They are typical in size and furnishings of 
 the slave homes of the old South, and are made of brick- 
 bats from a brickyard on the plantation. 
 
 Across the * 'green" from the Courthouse is the General 
 Store, a white, frame structure that served as the princi- 
 pal store of Waterford, Michigan, after its erection in 
 1854. Its equipment and stock are typical of that period. 
 Original counters, spice and coffee grinders, cracker 
 barrels, hoop-skirts, fancy jewelry, slates and comic 
 valentines are among the articles to be seen here. 
 
 Waterford General Store 
 
 f 34 l 
 
SJcr-»«-'tvj ncr-»«-^g/j rur~**-^c0 
 
 The Laboratory 
 
 MENLO PARK 
 
 jN 1876 Edison built a two-story clapboard 
 structure in Menlo Park, New Jersey, and 
 made it his laboratory. Menlo Park is 
 situated between Rahway and Metuchen on 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad. Here Edison 
 achieved those brilliant discoveries that re- 
 sulted in the creation of the electrical industries and 
 many others, giving us a new world. 
 
 The Laboratory, the main place of research, was sur- 
 rounded by several other buildings. There were an 
 Office and Library of brick, two stories tall; the Little 
 Glass House, a wooden shed where the glass parts of the 
 incandescent lamp were blown; the Carbon Shed, where 
 the carbon buttons for Edison's telephone transmitters 
 were made; the Carpenter Shed, housing also the machine 
 for manufacturing gas for illuminating purposes; the 
 
 [35 i 
 
large one-story brick Machine Shop where Edison de- 
 veloped his early generators and electric light equipment. 
 
 Inclosed in the rectangular yard surrounded by the 
 white picket fence are buildings reconstructed from or 
 replicas of those used by Edison at Menlo Park. The 
 buildings are in their original orientation. 
 
 Visitors entering the yard will note the reddish color 
 of the soil, different from that in the rest of the village. 
 This is due to the fact that Mr. Ford has surrounded the 
 buildings with soil from Menlo Park, New Jersey. 
 
 THE BUILDINGS 
 
 Little Glass House 
 
 The Little Glass House was originally used as a photo- 
 graphic studio by Edison. 
 During 1879, this build- 
 ing became the shop 
 where the first success- 
 ful lamp bulb was blown. 
 This is the original struc- 
 ture. The attic has been 
 restored to appear as 
 when the glass blower 
 lived there; among other 
 things it contains a either such as he played. 
 
 In the yard was the pit -where broken apparatus was 
 thrown. The pit has been reproduced and alongside 
 is a glass case containing relics recovered from the original 
 dump. Other relics may be observed in the case in the 
 Glass House and on the shelves on the first floor of the 
 Laboratory. 
 
 Adjoining the long glass case beside the dump is a 
 smaller one preserving the stump of a tree that stood 
 in the Menlo Park yard in 1878-9 and many years after- 
 ward. 
 
 The Machine Shop is historically the first central 
 station for incandescent lighting in the world. It houses 
 early Edison dynamos, the original boiler from Menlo 
 Park, the first electric light chandeliers and other relics. 
 Adjoining it is an annex containing a battery of gen- 
 erators such as furnished current for lighting the town 
 of Menlo Park. 
 
 The Electric Railway, first of its kind in the United 
 
 [36 i 
 
States, was built by Edison in Menlo 
 
 Park in 1880. The first run was made 
 
 over it during May of that year, about 20 
 
 passengers enjoying 
 
 the ride. In the 
 
 glass shelter may be 
 
 seen the original 
 
 electric locomotive 
 
 as restored, together 
 
 with replicas of the 
 
 two cars that the k> 
 
 comotive hauled 
 
 over the short track. 
 
 Two small buildings, the Carpenter Shed and the 
 Carbon Shed, adjoin the Laboratory. In the former 
 was housed the distillation plant for the manufacture 
 of gas. In the latter a row of kerosene lamps was caused 
 to smoke at night, forming lampblack for use in the 
 manufacture of telephone transmitters. During the 
 night the watchman made frequent trips to the shed 
 to scrape out the soot. 
 
 THE LABORATORY 
 
 Machine Shop 
 
 On the second floor of the Laboratory Edison pro~ 
 duced the first practical incandescent lamp and worked 
 out his electric lighting system. The first phonograph 
 along with numerous other inventions, including the 
 microphone and telephone transmitter, were developed 
 by Edison in this building. Francis Jehl, who assisted 
 Edison at the invention of the light, is in charge of the 
 Laboratory. Restored to appear as it was in Edison's 
 day, it contains original instruments and apparatus, 
 as well as models of many of his inventions. 
 
 Many relics were salvaged by Henry Ford while he 
 was directing the excavation of the old Menlo Park site. 
 Among them were the broken parts of the old laboratory 
 mortar. He personally cemented the parts together and 
 presented the restored mortar to Edison in 1929. The 
 bowl may be seen on the second floor of the Laboratory. 
 Edison placed the bowl on the chest of drawers where 
 it had always stood. Seated in his old chair near this 
 
 [37] 
 
3 
 
 CsP is 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 n 2c 
 
 a 
 
 
 38 J 
 
cabinet, he demonstrated to Mr. Ford how he prepared 
 his experimental carbon filaments. The articles on the 
 chest remain as he arranged them at that time. 
 
 The historic spot where the incandescent lamp was 
 invented may be seen in the center of the room, where an 
 upright wooden stand supports a mercury air pump. 
 Close by is the armchair in which the inventor sat while 
 he 'watched the "life" tests of experimental lamps until 
 the final one that ended October 21, 1879, marking the 
 discovery of the first practical lamp. 
 
 At the re-enactment of the invention on its fiftieth 
 anniversary, Edison sat in the same chair and President 
 Hoover and Mr. Ford stood in the background. On the 
 stepladder was Francis Jehl operating the pump as he did 
 50 years before. Mr. Jehl is today the sole survivor of 
 the small group that assisted Edison in the laboratory 
 at the time of the lamp invention. 
 
 At the corner of Woodbridge and Christie streets 
 is the Office and Library. This building had been dis- 
 mantled. Only one shutter of the original was located, 
 but in each new shutter a part of the old has been placed. 
 The brickyard that supplied Edison for the original 
 structure supplied the brick with which the building 
 has been restored. 
 
 THOMAS ALVA EDISON 
 
 Thomas Alva Edison, inventor, scientist and dis- 
 coverer, was born in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847, 
 and died at West Orange, New Jersey, on October 18, 
 1931. In 1854 his parents moved to Port Huron, Michi- 
 gan. While he was growing up here he evinced an 
 exceptional desire for knowledge and experimenting. 
 His active spirit also led him into many boyish enter- 
 prises. 
 
 In 1859 young Edison became a train boy selling news- 
 papers and candies on trains of the Grand Trunk Railway 
 running between Port Huron and Detroit. 
 
 In 1862 he printed a weekly newspaper, the Herald, 
 and started a laboratory in one of the baggage cars at- 
 tached to the train. In this same year, while alighting 
 one day at the Mount Clemens station, he saw the little 
 son of J. U. Mackenzie, the station master, playing on a 
 
 [39 i 
 
side track as a boxcar came rolling on. Throwing down his 
 newspapers, he dashed to the rescue of the child. And 
 the station master out of gratitude for this merciful deed 
 taught him telegraphy. 
 
 Edison soon learned the art and toward the end of 
 1862 obtained his first job as an operator in Port Huron. 
 Then the wanderlust seised him, and he worked his way 
 as journeyman telegraph operator in many cities of the 
 Middle West. During these years he also studied and 
 experimented. 
 
 In 1868 he came to Boston as an operator for the 
 Western Union, which was his last job of the kind. 
 Edison acquired the reputation of being one of the fastest 
 and most proficient telegraph operators in the country. 
 
 In Boston he made his first patented invention, the 
 "vote recorder." In 1869 we find him in New York 
 City. Here opportunity presented itself at the Gold & 
 Stock Telegraph Company's offices, where the master 
 instrument got out of order and only Edison was able to 
 set it right. A good position at $300 a month was the 
 result. 
 
 Later in the year he went into partnership with a 
 firm of telegraph engineers, which shortly, however, 
 became absorbed by the Western Union Telegraph Com- 
 pany. He soon improved the stock ticker and added other 
 inventions, among them the "unison stop," an important 
 device in stock ticker operation. 
 
 Edison sold his inventions for $40,000 and went to 
 Newark, New Jersey, where he opened a shop and 
 laboratory at 10-12 Ward Street (1870). While he was 
 manufacturing Gold & Stock tickers and carrying on 
 various experiments, he was also assisting C. L. Sholes in 
 making a practical typewriter. This happened in 1871. 
 In 1872 he perfected his automatic telegraph system and 
 in 1873 went to England to demonstrate it. In 1874 
 he perfected his duplex and quadruplex systems of teleg- 
 raphy, the latter saving about $20,000,000 in lines. For 
 this patent he received $30,000. 
 
 In 1874 he discovered the electromotograph principle 
 and employed it to make a telegraph relay, the patent 
 for which brought him $100,000, and in 1879 he used the 
 same idea in the construction of his chalk or loud receiv- 
 ing telephone, which brought him $150,000. In 1875 
 
 [40 1 
 
he invented the Edison electric pen, the father of auto- 
 graphic duplication. This patent and that of the mimeo- 
 graph were sold to the A. B. Dick Company of Chicago. 
 His inventions included many other systems of teleg- 
 raphy, among which were the printing, chemical or 
 automatic, harmonic, and acoustic systems; district 
 signal boxes; sextuplex, facsimile, multiplex, Roman 
 letter automatic systems and, some years later, train 
 telegraphy — a system of communication from a moving 
 train. 
 
 In 1876 Edison moved to Menlo Park, New Jersey, 
 in order to devote himself entirely to research work. 
 What he accomplished there, resulting in inestimable gifts 
 to mankind, is known to all the world. In early 1877 
 he invented the carbon telephone transmitter, which 
 has formed the companion to the Bell telephone receiver 
 everywhere. At the same time he invented the carbon, 
 the condenser and the dynamic microphones used in 
 radio transmission. In this same year he invented the 
 phonograph. 
 
 In 1878 he invented the central station supply sys- 
 tem for the electrical transmission of light, heat and 
 power, and in 1879 the first practical incandescent lamp; 
 the first efficient constant potential -with low-resistance 
 armature dynamo; the first constant potential electric 
 motor for the no- volt lighting circuit; the first electric 
 light meter, lamp socket, switches, fuses, insulating 
 tape — in short, a complete system of current distribution. 
 In 1880 he made the first electric locomotive having a 
 highly efficient motor with low-resistance armature 
 and a magnetic field composed of a shunt and series 
 winding that is compounded. 
 
 In 1883 he discovered the "Edison Effect Lamp," 
 which years later became the basis of the radio tube. 
 In 1885 he invented a high frequency wireless system 
 employing directional and non-directional antennas 
 (U. S. patent No. 307,031). This patent was sold some 
 years later to G. Marconi when the latter commenced 
 his great researches in wireless. In 189 1 Edison invented 
 the first practical motion picture camera and in 1900 the 
 alkaline storage battery. 
 
 During his long life Edison contributed many other 
 inventions to man's comfort and happiness. 
 
OTHER EDISON BUILDINGS 
 
 Most of the Edison buildings are located on or near 
 Christie Street. In addition to Menlo Park there are 
 other structures marking important phases of the in- 
 ventor's life and work. Across Christie Street and a 
 short distance beyond the Ojjice and Library is a dwelling 
 which stands in the village as it originally stood in 
 Menlo Park. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Jordan's boarding house was the home 
 of several Edison workmen. Wires were run to it from 
 
 the Machine Shop for 
 the first successful 
 demonstration of the 
 electric light outside 
 the Edison workshops. 
 Thus it is the first 
 house lighted by his 
 incandescent lamp. It 
 is now used during the 
 school year as the 
 luncheon place for pu- 
 pils of the primary 
 grades. 
 
 Adjoining the 
 boarding house is the 
 laboratory used at Fort Myers, Florida, during the winter 
 months. The structure was brought to the village from 
 Florida and set up in 1928 and on the completion of this, 
 Edison came to Dearborn and started the steam engine 
 to set it in motion in its new home. It was in this labora- 
 tory that much of his work in seeking a suitable plant 
 from which to extract rubber was done. 
 
 Looking across the meadow from this point one may 
 see a white, rambling dwelling, the Edison Homestead. 
 This is the oldest of the Edison buildings for it was the 
 home of his grandfather in Vienna, Ontario, near the 
 north shore of Lake Erie. Samuel Edison, the father 
 of the Inventor, grew to manhood in Vienna, and in 
 this house was married to J^lancy Elliot, the village 
 school teacher, who became the inventor's mother. 
 
 During the Rebellion of 1837 Samuel Edison sided 
 against the government and a price was placed on his 
 
 [4* i 
 
 Sarah Jordan's Boarding House 
 
Smith's Cree\ Depot 
 
 head. While the sol- 
 diers were ransacking 
 the homestead, he fled 
 across the winter 
 snow to the American 
 boundary and escaped 
 into the United States. 
 After 'wandering along 
 the border as far south 
 as Ohio, he settled in 
 Milan. 
 
 Two other buildings of special significance in the 
 Edison story lie at the north end of Christie Street. One 
 of these is the railway depot from Smith's Cree\, Michu 
 gan, where young Edison, a boy of 15 years, was ejected 
 from the Grand Trun\ train on 'which he worked as a 
 news agent. While he was experimenting with chemicals 
 in the baggage car, some phosphorous accidently set fire 
 to the car's contents, whereupon he and his laboratory 
 were dropped off by the angry conductor. This depot 
 stood originally on the Detroit-Port Huron route not 
 far from Port Huron. 
 
 On October 21, 1929, in celebration of Light's Golden 
 Jubilee, the old-time train, now in the museum, drew 
 up at this platform to discharge its passengers. The 
 President of the United States took Edison by the arm 
 and led him to the same platform on which he had been 
 deposited by the conductor 67 years earlier. 
 
 Another Edison structure is important because of 
 its contents. It stands between the Depot and the Card- 
 ing Mill and shelters the sole remaining generator of the 
 battery Edison used when he first lighted Tsjew Yor\ City 
 
 in 1882. Because of 
 its size it was called 
 the Jumbo Dynamo, 
 and is a unique link 
 in the development of 
 heavy current engi- 
 neering, marking the 
 first time a steam 
 engine had been 
 coupled directly to a 
 generator. 
 
 Fort Myers Laboratory 
 
 [43 
 
HOMES OF THE VILLAGE 
 
 Above — Secretary House 
 
 Wright Birthplace 
 
 Right- 
 Ann Arbor 
 House 
 
 [44 1 
 
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 3sL#^6f§ jJSLj^tfS j3&^«_«ff5 gaa^wjtfS sJS^«_er5 tJEL»«_^5 «7&L#«^£a d£L#w*0a 
 
 Rose Cottage, Cots wold Group 
 
 HOMES OF THE VILLAGE 
 
 §N TRACING the development of the Amer- 
 § ican home, Greenfield Village has gone back 
 r to old England for its beginnings, and has 
 £&^ brought from the Cotswold region a cottage 
 ~f{ group, illustrating the home of our English 
 % forefathers in the first half of the Seven- 
 teenth Century. Inhabitants of that region derived most 
 of their revenue from sheep-raising, and their homes 
 were built largely of native sandstone and limestone. 
 In keeping with their simple rugged habits, the 
 furniture is sturdy, simply constructed of stout oak, 
 with severe lines. The fireside settle in the first room 
 dates back to the early 1600's, about the time of Charles I. 
 Near it is a hutch table-chair combining the features of 
 chest, seat and table, the back being hinged on pegs at 
 the arm. 
 
 On top of the side-table rests a Bible chest with the 
 bun feet so popular at the beginning of the Seventeenth 
 Century. The trestle table against the west wall is 
 
 [45 i 
 
also a historic type, its top being permanently attached. 
 
 Lighting methods of the time are illustrated by several 
 different forms, including many types of rush lamp, 
 in 'which dried rushes or rushes soaked in oil were 
 clamped and lighted. Another method is illustrated in 
 the examples of the Betty lamp, which used a wick float- 
 ing in a reservoir of grease. Sometimes these were 
 fastened to spiked rods that could be thrust into a roof 
 beam, or a ratchet allowed convenient adjustment. 
 
 The leaded windows of the cottage are early examples 
 of the glass-maker's art, two of the windows containing 
 bull's-eyes caused when the spinning rod was separated 
 from the glass. 
 
 In front of the fireplace in the second room is a kidney 
 iron or spit for roasting meat. The fireplace contains 
 a pothook suspended by a chain, less convenient than the 
 crane. The seat of the fireside settle in this room is 
 hinged, and the space beneath was used for storage 
 or as a woodbox. The high back helped to keep cold 
 drafts from the shoulders of those sitting there. The 
 table in this room is an early drop-leaf type, put together 
 with wooden pegs, and has the spiral twist leg popular 
 in the Jacobean period. 
 
 Across the lane from the Cotswold group, not far 
 from the Cape Cod Windmill, is the Plympton House, 
 oldest of the American homes in the village and one of 
 the oldest in the country. Its history goes back to 
 Sudbury, "Massachusetts, in the Seventeenth Century. 
 Thomas Plympton, first of the family, was in Sudbury 
 in 1643 and was slain by the Indians in 1676. Another 
 Thomas Plympton took an active part in the Revolution^ 
 ary War. 
 
 The Secretary House, a type of well-to-do family 
 residence of early Eighteenth Century New England, 
 serves as a home economics laboratory for the Edison 
 Institute girls, who take turns spending the night here, 
 acting as hostesses, arranging meals, preparing them and 
 caring for the rooms. An instructor lives in the house 
 to advise and help them. Equipment in the pine-paneled 
 kitchen is modernised so that they may learn cooking 
 from the fireplace down to the most modern gas and 
 electric range. A spacious sewing and recreation room 
 has been added in. the rear to the original structure. 
 
 [46 1 
 
The J^oah Webster House was the home of the great 
 American lexicographer while he compiled his dictionary. 
 It stood on the campus of Yale University at New Haven 
 from its erection in 1822 until 1937, when it was removed 
 to make way for more modern buildings. It was then 
 brought to Greenfield Village where it has been re-erected 
 and restored. 
 
 Adjoining the Kioah Webster House is a two-story frame 
 house that for many years was a familiar landmark on 
 the University of Michigan campus at Ann Arbor, where 
 Robert Frost, American poet, lived during his tenure of 
 an honorary fellowship. It was built originally for 
 David McCallum about 1833. The building has con- 
 siderable artistic interest as an example of American 
 architecture under the "Greek revival.'* The part 
 it plays in the village school system is described on 
 page 27. 
 
 Simple, yet stately, the Foster House is typical of 
 homes of well-to-do Americans in the early Nineteenth 
 Century. The Stephen Foster House was built about 
 1815. Stephen Foster's widow lived until 1903, and his 
 daughter until 1935, so that family testimony as to this 
 house is continuous and definite. Of course, the house 
 was not at first famous as Stephen Foster's birthplace, 
 but only as the birthplace of all the Foster boys, so that 
 collateral lines of relatives, besides that of Stephen, 
 knew of this house and recognised it as the birthplace 
 and early home of the Foster brothers. Stephen Foster's 
 daughter, who was 13 years old at the time of her father's 
 death, lived nearby at the time Mr. Ford acquired the 
 house, and said that it was always pointed out by both 
 her father and mother as they passed it, as his birthplace. 
 This daughter's daughter still resides in Pittsburgh 
 and well remembers her grandmother (Stephen Foster's 
 widow) passing the house frequently and saying, "Now, 
 watch w^hen we come to the forks of the road, and I 
 will show you where your grandfather was born." 
 Descendants of Henry Foster (Stephen Foster's elder 
 brother) likewise always knew this house as their 
 father's or grandfather's birthplace, and for that reason 
 have presented the old house with many Foster 
 heirlooms. The house itself sustains these claims under 
 the most critical examination. Besides its personal 
 
 [47 i 
 
interest it is a beautiful representative of its times. 
 
 On an adjoining corner is the birthplace of Luther 
 Burbank, famous horticulturist, from Lancaster, Massa- 
 chusetts. In it he was born in 1849. 
 
 Two examples of pioneer American log cabins are in 
 Greenfield Village, representing different periods of time 
 and development. The oldest, the birthplace of William 
 Holmes tAcGuffey, marks the late Eighteenth and early 
 Nineteenth Centuries when the settlers came westward 
 across the Alleghenies to carve out western Pennsylvania 
 and Ohio. It stood originally in Washington County, 
 Pennsylvania, on the Holmes homestead, and is furnished 
 with McGuffey furniture. 
 
 Younger in years is the Michigan pioneer log cabin 
 located not far from Clinton Inn. In early days it stood 
 near the boyhood home of Mr. Henry Ford, and was the 
 abode of a hermit and naturalist. It is furnished in keep* 
 ing with that period. In the rear is an outdoor oven 
 and an upright hollow log used for smoking meats. 
 
 Two other early Michigan homes are situated in 
 Greenfield Village near the log cabin. Beside it is the 
 Gardner House, a typical pioneer home of a century ago 
 about the time Michigan became a state. It was also 
 originally located near Dearborn. The downstairs con- 
 sists of two rooms, a kitchen and living room on one side, 
 and a bedroom on the other, separated by a central fire- 
 place. Attic and cellar complete the dwelling. 
 
 The third early Michigan home in this group is the 
 Plymouth House, which stands on the corner of Christie 
 and Main streets. It was built about the middle of the 
 Nineteenth Century in Plymouth, Michigan, and repre- 
 sents another type of modest Middle- Western home. 
 At the present time it serves as the office of the village 
 architect. 
 
 An example of a middle Nineteenth Century Ohio 
 home is being erected next to the Wright Cycle Shop. 
 It was the Dayton birthplace of Orville Wright and his 
 sister Katharine and the house in which they and their 
 brothers, Reuchlin, Lorin and Wilbur, grew up. 
 
 48 
 
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 58 Bagley Avenue, Detroit, birthplace of first Ford car 
 
 SHOPS OF THE VILLAGE 
 
 JO THOSE who have found delight and much 
 of interest in wandering through the back 
 streets of Greenfield Village, that section 
 containing the small shops and handicraft 
 industries is most popular. Commencing 
 at the Post Office and Apothecary Shop on 
 Christie Street, the buildings stretch along Main Street 
 and around Bagley Avenue to the Sir John Bennett's 
 Jewelry Shop and the Wright Brothers Bicycle Shop. 
 Beyond these lie still another group of industries, shops 
 and mills, extending all the way to the village entrance. 
 On weekdays craftsmen may be found in most of these 
 plying the early trades. In the Tintype Studio an artist 
 of pioneer days is able to reproduce not only the tintype, 
 but also the Daguerreotype and Ambrotype. In the 
 Toll House Shoe Shop, a shoemaker fashions shoes by 
 hand. Nearby a cooper produces many objects of wood 
 without the use of nails. In a corner smithy, a blacks 
 smith shoes horses. 
 
 I 49 I 
 
Village Post Office 
 
 The white clapboard 
 Post Office and Ajbotke- 
 cary Shop from Phoenix- 
 ville, Connecticut, was 
 built in 1803. Doorway 
 and shutters are of two 
 layers of wood fastened 
 with hand-forged nails 
 to prevent warping. 
 Hinges, latches, iron bars for the shutters, and hooks to 
 hold them back are original handmade fixtures. In the 
 many-paned windows are blue bottles and brown flasks. 
 Over the door is a sign bearing "F. I. C."— Fire Insurance 
 Company. Rough and unfinished inside, hand-split 
 laths show through an unplastered section of wall. 
 Cards mailed here go out with an appropriate postmark. 
 In the Apothecary Shop are shelves bearing bottles, 
 drugs and liquors for medicinal purposes, tonics and 
 elixirs. Back of the wood stove is a case of drawers filled 
 with herbs. Atop the case is a jar for leeches, and tall 
 bottles of colored water that marked the apothecary's 
 trade. On the left is a counter with a small display case 
 of perfumes at one end, and a screen back of which the 
 chemist mixed his cures at the other. A small glass 
 peephole enabled him to keep an eye on customers. 
 
 The Toll House Shoe Shop at 
 the corner of Christie and Main 
 streets was built about 1828 on 
 the banks of the Merrimac 
 River, beside a covered bridge 
 linking Rocks Village with West 
 Newbury, Massachusetts. John 
 Greenleaf Whittier was fond of 
 sitting in the shop. He wrote 
 in "Tke Countess" of "The toll- 
 man in his cobbler's stall." The 
 first toll-collector made shoes as a 
 sideline, and each succeeding collector followed that 
 trade. Today one hears the shoemaker's hammer from 
 the little shop, but no longer does its wielder collect a 
 fare from travelers. The toll rates are posted outside 
 on a big sign nailed against one wall. On a corner hangs 
 an outdoor coal oil lamp that once attracted the night 
 
 [50 i 
 
 Toll House Shoe Shop 
 
traveler. Inside are many little things of interest: a 
 rabbit gun, a telescope, the cobbler's violin and shelves 
 filled with shoes made by the craftsman working there. 
 
 William Currier, a shoemaker in Newton, New 
 Hampshire, worked in the Currier Shop more than 60 
 years ago. In Merrimac Valley where Newton is located, 
 were hundreds of these little shops. Farmers built 
 them in their barnyards and in winter turned out, 
 with help, as many as 25 pairs of women's slippers daily. 
 Currier must have had one of the first shops with ma- 
 chines. A steam engine drove the stitching machine 
 and buffer. Thread processed in a small vat of homemade 
 wax, warmed by a kerosene burner, the rack upon 
 which shoes were dried (they were sewed together 
 wet, being more pliable), cutting patterns and a leather- 
 splitting machine are some of the objects shown. The 
 cobbler hung finished uppers and lowers on wires from 
 the ceiling. He was an industrious craftsman; worked 
 all day, and then lighted his smoky kerosene lantern 
 and worked late into the night. 
 
 The almost lost arts of the Tintype, Daguerreotype, 
 and Ambrotype flour- .-«-. -^ 
 ish in Greenfield Vil- ^^^mT^ JL^ ^=?s»Y 
 lage. An old-time 
 artist makes tintypes 
 of visitors in The Stu* 
 dio, with equipment 
 recovered from garrets 
 and trunks. The 
 wooden tintype cam- 
 era makes four pictures '^v^pTS^dAo 
 at once. Sitting for a 
 portrait, the visitor is aided by the use of a rest 
 which holds the head steady, but first, use is made of the 
 "primping room" where hair is slicked down. Tintypes 
 of many famous persons that have sat here may be seen 
 on the walls. 
 
 In the Greenfield Village Cooper Shop, the old-time 
 cooper built watertight hogsheads for commerce, barrels 
 for shipping fruits or vegetables, buckets for maple sap, 
 and wooden pails for every home. Smaller articles are 
 built today in the same shop. Fastened without glue or 
 nails, the staves are bound together by hickory hoops, 
 
 [51 i 
 
and the bottoms fitted into grooves in the sides. The 
 cooper's tools are the froe, with which he splits logs into 
 boards and shingles; the joiner for smoothing edges; 
 and the draw knife. On the schnitzelban\, or shaving 
 horse, he sits and shapes staves with the draw knife, his 
 feet against a lever which closes the vise in which the 
 staves are held. 
 
 The great semicircular fireplace held green wood and 
 the stout oak casks to dry. The cooper was a valued 
 craftsman, but like many others he has gone from the 
 industrial scene. That his work was well done is proved 
 by the hundred-year-old sap buckets in the shop. The 
 structure was built in Kingston, K[ew Hampshire, soon 
 after the Revolution, and is the oldest American craft 
 shop in Greenfield Village. 
 
 In the Blacksmith Shop, sparks fly, and the anvil's 
 ring is heard for a considerable distance. The fire of the 
 forge is kept glowing red by air forced from the bellows 
 which the smith pumps with one hand. Forge and anvil 
 are at the left of the door. The ox-sling is on the right; 
 used to support those short-legged animals, or to hold 
 an unruly horse. This once typical building of the early 
 American scene stands in the shade of a spreading chest- 
 nut tree, as did the 
 one made famous by 
 the poet Longfellow. 
 Approaching the Sir 
 John Bennett Jewelry 
 Shop, the visitor 
 sees Gog and Magog, 
 giant effigies of old 
 London, standing in 
 a wide, deep alcove 
 in the second story 
 above doorway and 
 windows. They an- 
 nounce the time to 
 the village, every 
 quarter hour, strik- 
 ing on different toned 
 bells with hammers 
 held in their mighty 
 Sir John Bennett Jewelry Shop hands. Dressed in Ro- 
 
 [ 5* 1 
 
man warrior's garb, Gog and Magog step from legends of 
 two giants captured by the Romans and chained to Lon- 
 don's gates during Caesar's invasion. Two smaller figures 
 assist the giants at their timekeeping, ringing four 
 bells in all. 
 
 Sir John Bennett was not dependent on the effigies 
 for fame. He held watchmaking appointments to royalty 
 and government offices in the last century, and his firm 
 is famous in London today. In the shop some of his 
 watches are displayed with other watches and jewelry. 
 Much of the facade and Gog and Magog are originally 
 from the English jeweler's building at 65 Cheapside, 
 London. The dignified, high-ceilinged interior is a 
 duplicate that London visitors say is exact. Mahogany 
 wall cases and counters contain clocks and silverware, 
 both old and new. The brass lantern clock was made in 
 1630. Down a glass-doored channel in the wall, weights 
 from the clockworks slowly descend. There are three 
 of them; one controls the bell in the tower, another the 
 big clock, and the third weighing 700 pounds gives power 
 to Gog and Magog. 
 
 In all there are three buildings in Greenfield Village 
 devoted to clocks and watchmaking. Near the corner of 
 the lane opposite the Edison Homestead is the Swiss 
 Watchmakers' Chalet, reproducing the type used in the 
 Jura Mountains of the Neuchatel district in Switzerland. 
 The interior includes a shop with tools and equipment 
 for watch manufacture. Its present location was selected 
 as being in keeping with that of the original dwelling 
 shop. A sundial is on the front of the building. 
 
 The jewelry store and watch shop at 444 Ba\er Street 
 was operated 50 years ago by Mr. Magill. In one of the 
 two front windows stands a jeweler's bench, and on it 
 is a rack from which hang watches taken in for repairs 
 or regulating. Inside are polished wood shelves and 
 counters filled with clocks and watches. Grandfather 
 clocks stand at the sides, and against the red cloth cover- 
 ing on the walls hang the once popular octagon-shaped 
 pendulum clocks. A shining brass and copper gas chan- 
 delier hangs from the center of the ceiling. 
 
 In the back is a 'workroom furnished with tools and 
 a bench where Henry Ford cleaned and repaired time- 
 pieces as a lad of 16. He worked four hours a night for 
 
 [53 ) 
 
*w?t* 
 
 Ba\er Street Jewelry Shop 
 
 Mr. Magill and made 50 
 cents, to supplement the 
 weekly $2.50 earned in 
 the daytime at Flower 
 Brothers Machine Shop. 
 
 Through the window, 
 the red brick shed from 
 58 Bagley Avenue is seen, 
 where the first Ford car 
 was made some years later. 
 In the late fall of 1893 
 the Fords, including six- 
 weeks-old Edsel, moved 
 into a house on Bagley 
 Avenue, Detroit, and Mr. 
 Ford equipped the brick 
 shed in the rear with 
 tools. At that time he was engineer for The Edison 
 Illuminating Company of Detroit. Three lathes and the 
 drill presses in the shop today are the same as were used 
 in the work then. Tools used on the first engine are in 
 boxes and on the shelves. The bricks, windows and two 
 doors are original, and it was over the same type of 
 cobblestone that the first Ford car was driven. 
 
 A shrine to the accomplishments of Wilbur and 
 Orville Wright, who started a new era in transportation, 
 is the Cycle Shop where the brothers built bicycles and 
 produced the motor and parts of the first successful 
 airplane. This building, which stood at 11 23 Third 
 Street, Dayton, Ohio, was remodeled in 1896 and then 
 occupied by the Wright brothers. Prior to entering the 
 bicycle manufacturing business, they had printed a 
 neighborhood newspaper in Dayton. In the present 
 building the Wright printing equipment was placed in 
 one of the upper rooms and lent to a friend who used it 
 for job work. 
 
 Most of the original machinery which the brothers 
 used to manufacture the first airplane has been found 
 with the assistance of Orville Wright and is being replaced 
 in the shop in the exact location where it stood in 1903 
 when the plane was made. The wind tunnel which the 
 brothers used in making many of their discoveries in 
 aerodynamics is being reconstructed. 
 
 [54 i 
 
The house at No. 7 Hawthorne Street, Dayton, 
 Ohio, in which Orville Wright was born in 1871 and in 
 which the brothers grew up, has been moved to Green- 
 field Village and placed beside the bicycle shop. Wilbur 
 Wright died in this house in 1912. In 1892, Wilbur and 
 Orville Wright added the front porch and an inside stair- 
 way and made other changes to the house. On a neigh- 
 bor's lathe Wilbur personally turned the big posts and 
 Orville made the small turnings for the porch. 
 
 Some of the furniture which the Wrights used in 
 this house has been found and is being replaced in it. 
 
 On Main Street just above Bagley Avenue is the 
 Armington &* Sims Machine Shop, named for two Yankee 
 mechanics, Pardon Armington and Gardiner C. Sims, 
 who operated a shop in the eighties and nineties in 
 Lawrence, Massachusetts. Sims designed, -with the help 
 of Armington, a high-speed steam engine, and the two 
 formed a partnership and started production on their 
 new engine. No one, however, seemed to need high- 
 speed engines until Thomas Alva Edison came along 
 with a plan to connect one directly to a dynamo. He 
 ordered six engines which were successfully used in the 
 Pearl Street Station in New York City. 
 
 Some of the old equipment, drafting board, drawing 
 tools, blueprint developing frame and company records 
 and catalogues are of the old firm of Armington 6^ Sims. 
 
 Behind the Armington &* Sims Shop in the Lapeer 
 Foundry woodworkers repair and rebuild furniture, 
 clock cases, pianos and reed organs. The MacDonald 
 brothers, William and John, the last owners of the shop 
 before its removal, repaired old steam engines and built 
 new parts, following the trade of their father who had 
 built the foundry in 1863. 
 The woodworkers now ^ 
 
 occupying it are not only 
 employed in repair work, but 
 teach their craft to the 
 village school children. 
 
 The Sandwich Glass Plant 
 north of the Lapeer Foundry 
 was named for the one which 
 produced glass in Massachu- Sandwich Class Plant 
 
 [55 
 
setts more than a century ago at Sandwich. The glass 
 blowers fashion useful and ornamental articles, -work- 
 ing with glass tubing. Heating a part of the tube 
 to near the melting point, they produce almost any 
 shape by blowing into the open end. 
 
 On the western edge of the village is the Pottery, 
 center of a proposed ceramics group. The building 
 is not patterned after any particular structure, but was 
 erected as a working unit to show the old craft and new 
 developments for small shops. Modern processing and 
 tempering of clay toward making it ready for use, and 
 the hand method are demonstrated. On a potter's wheel 
 the potter shapes the products of his art, using small 
 instruments at certain times to aid in the fashioning, 
 but depending for the most part upon the skill of his 
 hands. There are two types of wheels, the old hand' 
 operated "kick wheel" and a modern motor-operated 
 wheel. The "kick wheel" is operated by a foot lever. 
 An alternate method of production, moulding pottery, 
 is used also. Coloring is protected by a glaze which 
 must be baked on under high temperature, and because 
 the process sometimes gives off poisonous fumes, the 
 kiln was built outside the shop, between it and the 
 powerhouse. 
 
 Not far distant from the Pottery is the brick plant 
 where bricks are made for use in the village. 
 
 Wright Brothers Cycle Shop, Birthplace of Airplane 
 
 56 ) 
 
Cape Cod Windmill 
 
 MILLS IN THE VILLAGE 
 
 jN ADDITION to the handicraft shops, the 
 village contains mills reminiscent of the 
 pioneer days when wind and water, later 
 steam power, did man's work and drove 
 his machinery. 
 
 Oldest of these is one of the early wind- 
 mills of America, brought to the village from Cape Cod 
 and presented to Mr. Henry Ford and Mr. Edsel Ford by 
 the Ford dealers. It stands at the southeast end of the 
 grounds, restored as it was in 1633 when Pilgrim settlers 
 erected it near Barnstable on the north side of the Cape 
 to grind their corn. 
 
 They built it like those they had seen during their 
 exile in Holland. Young men were induced to become 
 millers by being exempted from taxes and military duty. 
 Winds off the Atlantic and Cape Cod Bay turned the sails 
 
 [ 57 i 
 
and according to their force, corn might be ground into 
 
 meal in ten minutes or three hours. The long lever 
 
 between the roof and the ground is used to turn both 
 
 roof and sails in the most favorable position. 
 
 This mill was moved four times, that being easier than 
 
 finding a millwright to build a new one. The initials 
 
 *'T. G." and "1782" were carved on one of the beams 
 
 during a moving. In late years the mill was at West 
 
 Yarmouth where it was known as the Farris Mill. 
 
 On the second floor above the stone foundation are the 
 
 millstones, and below, the hoppers and bins which hold 
 
 the grain and meal. 
 
 Westward, two centuries later, when pioneers settled 
 
 Michigan, the Loranger Gristmill was built on a land 
 
 grant near Monroe. Ed- 
 
 ^J^Cr~-- -v^i^Si^ ward Loranger, a brick 
 
 v .— mason, had come down 
 
 4--:<^ ~~^= — 7 from his home in Three 
 
 l£&. Rivers, Quebec, to help 
 
 erect a church. He stayed 
 
 on in the new country 
 
 making a living by trad- 
 
 ing with the Indians. 
 
 About 1832 he felt a 
 
 gristmill and sawmill 
 Loranger Gristmill to , , j v 1 j 
 
 were needed, and he laid 
 
 for them a foundation of native stone. He hewed oak 
 timbers for the beams, cut with a broad ax the siding 
 of the building of white wood, and cut logs for a 
 dam in the river to impound the water for power to 
 turn two mill wheels. Visitors see the mill operating. 
 They can watch the golden streams of corn and wheat 
 pour into the fast turning millstones. Power is had 
 from a steam engine. 
 
 The Circular Sawmill which Loranger built adjoining 
 his Gristmill is also in Greenfield Village, nearby. Lum- 
 ber is cut there for use in construction. Logs are set on a 
 carriage frame on a track and fed into the whirring 
 teeth of the saw. The conveyor and saw are powered 
 by separate steam engines which, with a boiler, are on a 
 lower level, originally the river level. Timber is run 
 into the building on small cars on a narrow gauge track. 
 The old craftsmen, whose skill was in cutting the most 
 
 [ 58 i 
 
and the best lumber to be had from a log, and their effi- 
 ciency in keeping the blades sharp and straight are little 
 known to this age. Here their craft is reproduced. 
 
 Another Sawmill using an upright blade was brought 
 from Franklin Township in Michigan, where it was 
 built in 1855 by J. D. Tripp. It is now on the western 
 edge of Greenfield Village. Much Michigan timber went 
 through this mill which the Tripps owned and operated 
 until 1916, when it was closed. The vertical blade which 
 flashed up and down, suspended between two floors 
 of the building, is being used to cut lumber again. 
 
 Textile methods of 75 to 100 years ago, contrasted with 
 those of modern production, may be observed in the 
 Plymouth Carding Mill. Near a Colonial hand-loom 
 where once sat a weaver throwing the shuttle back 
 and forth for long hours, watching his pattern grow 
 slowly, are modern knitting machines which produce 
 men's hosiery at high speed. A hand-knitter, a Jacquard 
 loom with its roll of punched cards that determine the 
 pattern before the weaver makes the cloth, and its 
 successor, an automatic loom, show the development 
 between the extremes. 
 
 The Carding Mill was erected in Plymouth, Michigan, 
 in 1827. When Mr. Ford 
 was a boy he used to 
 accompany his father to 
 Plymouth from the farm 
 near Dearborn with raw 
 wool to be made into 
 "rovings" for his mother 
 to spin into yarn on the 
 wheel at home. A card- 
 ing machine of the type 
 of the original is in the 
 center of the building 
 today. There are also 
 the little hand carders, 
 flat slabs of wood with 
 thickly-set stiff bristles 
 with which the early settlers combed wool fibers into 
 long rolls to be twisted into yarn on the spindle of their 
 spinning wheels. 
 
 [59 i 
 
 Plymouth Carding Mill 
 (Weave Shed in Rear) 
 
The small building behind the Carding Mill is called 
 the "Weave Shed" by school children of the Edison 
 Institute. They work on the three sises of hand4ooms, 
 using the size fitted to their various ages. The youngsters 
 in the primary grades use the smallest looms which can 
 weave cloth six to eight inches wide and in two colors. 
 
 The Han\s Sil\ Mill from Mansfield, Connecticut, 
 was built by Rodney and Horatio Hanks in 1810, corner- 
 wise over a waterway which they had diverted from a 
 stream. The water fell from a great flat rock onto a 
 mill wheel. It was the first power mill to produce silk 
 in America. Elements that have made possible the 
 production of silk in China and Japan have worked 
 directly against the success of Americans and Europeans. 
 
 Two additional mills in the industrial section are the 
 Cider Mill and the Sorghum Mill. 
 
 The original machinery of Han\s Mill burned, leaving 
 but a few iron parts, but the visitor may see the same 
 type of wooden reels winding the thin strands of silk 
 from the cocoons -which bob in a dish of hot water, and 
 the machine which twists the strands into a single 
 thread. A hand-loom is set up near the hearth, and upon 
 it the thread is worked into scarfs and men's hosiery. 
 
 VOLUME ONE 
 
 "REMINISCENCES of f m * 
 
 J l FRANCIS 
 
 MENLO PARK" Jehl 
 
 ft 
 
 Cloth bound 75 cents Paper bound 35 cents 
 
 Mailing charge 15 cents extra 
 
 Published by 
 
 THE EDISON INSTITUTE 
 
 Copies may be purchased at the Waiting Room entrance 
 
 to Greenfield Village, or by writing to Edison 
 
 Institute, Dearborn, Michigan 
 
 VOLUME TWO NOW IN PREPARATION 
 
 [ 60 ] 
 
o%g cma u??u ywj lBkj uwj 
 
 tfa^v-fl5 2tL**^*fS Sfik_*»»jrfsa s7EL#*Jsr5 g&^*<^a§ <35>_>«^#a 
 
 The "Suwanee" 
 
 HERE AND THERE 
 
 |HE stern-wheeler Suwanee floats on the 
 quiet waters of the Suwanee River in the 
 valley just northeast of the Village Green. 
 Stephen Foster's House overlooks the la- 
 goon bearing the name of the river his 
 song made famous. The boat was named 
 after one Thomas Edison often used during winter 
 months when he worked at Fort Myers, Florida. After 
 the original boat had sunk, its engines were raised, and 
 installed on the new Suwanee now at Greenfield Village. 
 Most southern river boats had two engines, one on each 
 side of the boat, which turned the paddle astern. 
 
 [61 ] 
 
VILLAGE FIRE DEPARTMENT 
 
 J 5#, 
 
 The "Deluge" 
 
 The Village Fire Department is housed in a shed 
 across from the Carding Mill, distinguished by the small 
 
 bell atop the roof that 
 once called townsmen 
 for fire duty when a 
 blase was reported, or 
 sighted as it generally 
 could be. The name 
 "Deluge" on a plate 
 above the doorway seems 
 to overrate the mech- 
 anism inside, of which 
 Whittier once wrote, 
 "The engine wet all 
 around but spared the 
 fire.'* It is of the suction type built in 1845 by the 
 Hunneman Fire Engine Works for Koc\s Village, Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 Operation was simple. Firemen pumped the two long 
 levers at each side forcing water from the tub between 
 them through hoses onto the fire. Twelve firemen 
 were needed. They generally volunteered freely, for 
 there was honor in the position, and they dressed them- 
 selves in elaborate capes, with fancy belts and highly 
 ornamented hats, thus reducing their efficiency consider- 
 ably. Each man had his own bucket, decorated to his 
 taste, and he hung it in front of his home to make known 
 the honor that was his. 
 
 The visitor can see much of the old equipment of 
 the volunteers hanging on the walls of the shed, or on 
 the engine. The white pine building once housed the 
 village hearse in Tsfewton, T^ew Hampshire. 
 
 FLORAL CLOCK 
 
 Old Detroiters leaving the Waiting Room to enter 
 Greenfield Village experience considerable pleasure as 
 they recognise the Floral Cloc\ planted in a mound 
 of earth across the road. It used to stand at the entrance 
 of Waterwor\s Par\ where it was built in 1893. Elbridge 
 A. Scribner, the park superintendent, conceived the 
 idea of such a clock and built it himself. The dial 
 
 [6a ] 
 
Floral Cloc\ 
 
 design and numerals of 
 the clock are formed by- 
 varicolored plants. The 
 hands are turned by a 
 works that may be 
 viewed through a glass 
 door off a tunnel that 
 passes through the 
 mound. Detroit was 
 noted for the clock. 
 Family albums that did 
 not have a group photo- 
 graph with the clock for 
 a background were incomplete. Postcards bearing 
 pictures of it were mailed to all parts of the world. The 
 works originally were turned by water power, but were 
 never very efficient. When they became so inefficient 
 that it was decided to destroy the old landmark, Mr. 
 Ford brought it to Greenfield Village because it had 
 come to mean so much to Detroiters. 
 
 Two families of plants make up the dial: Sempervivum, 
 commonly known as "hen and chickens," and Telanthera, 
 sometimes called "Alternanthera." The Telanthera in 
 various colors are used in most of the design. The "hen 
 and chicks" form the border of the innermost circle of 
 the dial, and the outside border. The large center star 
 is of a plant called Syebaldi. About six thousand plants 
 are in the dial, and require constant watering and trim- 
 ming. They are imbedded in soil six inches deep held in 
 place by chicken wire. The clock stands seven and one- 
 half feet high and is ten feet wide. 
 
 r 63 ] 
 
THE DEARBORN INN 
 
 On Oa\wood Boulevard, opposite the Ford Airport 
 
 Passenger Terminal, and one-fourth, mile from 
 
 Edison Institute Museum and Village. 
 
 The ENGLISH COFFEE SHOP, open from 7 A. M. to 9 P. M.. 
 serves table d'hote luncheons from 11:30 A. M. to 2:30 P. M. 
 for $.65 to $1.00, and dinners from 5:30 P. M. to 8:30 P. M. for 
 $.80 to $1.50. Also a la carte service and soda bar. 
 
 In the EARLY AMERICAN DINING ROOM a table d'hote 
 luncheon is served from ia noon to a P. M. for $1.25, and dinner 
 from 6 P. M. to 8 P. M. for $1.75. Sunday dinners are $1.75 
 
 Single Rooms from $4.00 up. 
 
 Double Rooms from $6.50 up. 
 
 r 
 
 Centuries of service to the public 
 are behind the traditional com- 
 forts of this Treadway-operated 
 Inn. 
 
 ^f 
 
 64