Serial No. 32 W I QRAGE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY E. LESTER JONES, DIRECTOR TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI IN 1925 . / By w. n. McFarland Mathematician, Division of Terrestrial Magnetism and Seismology UNIVERSITY OF HUNGiS PRICE 10 CENTS Sold by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D, C. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1925 l7fr{!LG ElM'K 5 3%,7 Urvt si-rT) MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI IN 1925 Bv W. N. McFarland, Mathematician, Division of Terrestrial Magnetism and Seismology CONTENTS Page Introduction.. i Magnetic surveys in Missouri...Ill"' 2 Use of secular change tables.. 3 Magnetic declination..... ' 5 Magnetic stations...IIZZIIZ 6 Construction of isogonic chart_ 6 Compass surveys: The compass as a surveying instrument... 8 Adjustment of instrument_ 8 Compass correction_ 8 Diurnal variation___ 8 Magnetic storms__ 9 Change of declination with time (secular change). 9 Compass surveys—Continued. Page Local disturbance__ 9 True meridian__Z...ZZZZZZZZZ 10 Magnetic stations___ Legislation..ZiZiiiiiZii 11 Retracing of old compass surveys_ ” n Precision of secular change tables_ 11 Public-land surveys_ ' 12 Problems of local surveyors__ ' 12 Tabular matter: Secular change tables...__ 13 Values of magnetic declination.”. 19 Descriptions of stations__ " 23 Isogonic chart.. 46 INTRODUCTION & Si o The magnetic work of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, begun as one of the essential parts of the preparation of nautical charts of the coastal waters, has been extended to cover the interior of the country to meet the needs of the surveyor. Nearly all of the early land surveys of the United States were made by the compass, and the boundaries were defined in the deeds by compass bearings. There are many localities where, for certain classes of surveying (especially the retracing of the lines of old compass surveys), the com¬ pass is still in use. It has the advantages of cheapness, simplicity of operation, and determination of bearing without astronomical obser¬ vations. There are, on the other hand, numerous sources of error, and for accuracy it is not comparable with the engineers' transit with determination of the true bearing by astronomical observation. The compass does not, in general, point true north, nor is its direction at any place constant; hence a knowledge of the compass variation (magnetic declination) and its changes is required by those who make use of the compass. Magnetic compasses are not perfect mechanical instruments and are likely to get out of order. The only way in which they can be tested in a satisfactory manner is to make observations at a magnetic station where the declination has been accurately determined by other means. Accordingly, the surveyor needs to know principally the changes of the declination in the past and its value at the present time at a convenient station, with infor¬ mation in regard to finding the station. t The Coast and Geodetic Survey has made a magnetic survey of the United States, in the course of which magnetic observations have been made at nearly every county seat in the country and at many other places. The results of the observations, together with descriptions pc o LOo / 2 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY of the stations occupied, have been published annually, so that the results for any one State are scattered through a number of c/ o publications. Special Publication No. 90, which should be in the hands of every surveyor, contains tables showing the change of the magnetic declination up to 1920 at one or more places in every State, a magnetic map showing the lines of equal magnetic declination and of equal annual change for January 1, 1920, and directions for determining the true meridian and the magnetic declination. Later editions mav be expected at intervals of about five years. The present volume is the fourth of a series of publications giving for the States separately complete information regarding the mag¬ netic stations which have been established and more detailed in¬ formation regarding the change of declination with lapse of time. Similar publications have already been issued for Arkansas, Florida, and North Carolina. It is intended to issue supplements as often as the accumulated changes in the data make it desirable. The infor¬ mation is presented under four heads: 1. Tables showing the change in declination at each county seat from the earliest periods for which information is available. 2. Tables giving values of the declination at all magnetic stations in the State for January 1, 1925. 3. Descriptions of stations at which observations were made, revised for all information available to August 1, 1925. 4. An isogonic chart of the State showing the lines of equal mag¬ netic declination for January 1, 1925. The values of declination on which the lines are based are also shown on this chart. MAGNETIC SURVEYS IN MISSOURI In Missouri, as in the other States of the United States, the earty values of the magnetic declination, prior to the inauguration of the systematic magnetic surveys, are derived from scattered observa¬ tions of sometimes uncertain quality, which were usually incidental to other work. The earliest within the State seem to be those attri¬ buted to S. H. Long in 1819. His record of three observations forms the earliest contribution to the list of observed values. Shortly after this public-land surveys were begun in the State, and as the regulations required the measurement of the magnetic declination in each township and on some of the principal lines, a great many observations were made which are recorded in the field notes and on the plats of the General Land Office. However, for various reasons this very extensive body of observations has never been collected and put into orderly form. What may be said to be the beginning of precise measurements was made in 1872 by the National Academy of Sciences with obser¬ vations at four stations in the vicinity of the Missouri River. These were followed in 1875 by two more in the southern part of the State. In 1878 began the extensive magnetic survey by Prof. F. E. Nipher, of Washington University, St. Louis, the complete results of which were published in the Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences from 1880 to 1884. Full use of the results of this survey has been made in the present volume, as the observations were made with standard instruments and apparently with care, and the very considerable number of them, about 150 in and adjoining Missouri MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 3 during the five years, makes it possible to derive a rather precise value of the amount of the secular change since that time, which can be used to reduce his observed values to the date of this publication. Observations by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey began in 1865, with measurements of declination at Cape Girardeau and Wittenberg on the Mississippi River. Only about half a dozen additional measurements were made until the beginning of a system¬ atic resurvey of the State in 1900, as a part of the general magnetic survey of the United States. Most of the stations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey were marked in a durable fashion, and true bear¬ ings were established to prominent objects visible from them, which permits them to be used by local surveyors for the testing of compasses, or by the Coast and Geodetic Survey for a repetition of the magnetic observations for the determination of secular changes. During the years from 1896 to 1901 D. W. Eaton, county sur¬ veyor of Morgan County, made an extensive series of observations in the county, using the compass of an engineer’s transit. He com¬ pared his instrument with one of the Coast and Geodetic Survey compasses for which an index correction had been determined, so that any considerable error from this source seems to have been avoided. While not corrected for the effects of diurnal variation, the results are valuable as an extensive series of observations within a small area. They are particularly interesting on account of the fact that Morgan County is in a region of rapid change of declination, and they allow the distribution in the county to be determined with much more certainty than would have been possible from the few observations available from the magnetic surveys of Nipher and the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The special isogonic chart of Morgan County, which faces page 46, has been prepared from these observa¬ tions. USE OF SECULAR CHANGE TABLES These tables have been derived by interpolation from those given in Special Publication No. 90, with extension of the tables to 1925 by means of the data provided by recent observations. The values of declination in a table apply strictly only to the magnetic station specified. However, the changes of declination from year to year given in a table apply equally well to any place in a county, even though the declination at that place may differ materially from that at the magnetic station. The figures on any line of the tables refer to the 1st of January of the year given in the first column. A value for any other date must be found by interpolation from the tabular quantities. While the rate of change is not constant even for a period of five years, it is accurate enough for all practical purposes to assume that the annual change is uniform for the intervals between the tabular values. The earlier portions of the tables are less reliable than the later ones because of the limited amount and inferior quality of the data upon which they depend. In case it is desired to estimate the value of the declination at some time later than January 1, 1925, the rate of change of the declina¬ tion in 1925, as it is given at the foot of each secular change table, provides as good a means of estimating future values as is available. The amount of the annual change can only be determined by ob- 4 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY serration, as its nature is not sufficiently well understood to permit the prediction of the amount of it for more than a few years with much accuracy. The use of the tables may best be explained by a few examples: (a) What was the change of magnetic declination in the vicinity of Joplin, Mo., between March 1, 1863, and January 1, 1925? Joplin is in Jasper County, and the secular change table for that county should be used to derive the change of declination. It gives the values of the declination at Carthage, but the changes of decli¬ nation may be used for other points in the county. The following values of the declination may be taken from the table: Declination o / Jan. 1, 1860 Jan. 1, 1870 Jan. 1, 1925 9 40 E. 9 22 E. 8 01 E. The declination decreased 18 minutes between 1860 and 1870, and as March 1, 1863, is 3.2 years later than January 1, 1860, we assume a uniform change during the 10 years and subtract 6 minutes, the proportional amount of the change, from 9° 40' E., which gives the declination for the dates of the problem as follows: Declination Mar. 1, 1863_____ 9 34 E. Jan. 1, 1925_ 8 01 E. Change of declination_ 1 33 During the interval the magnetic declination has changed 1° 33', and this is the correction which must be applied to magnetic bear¬ ings determined about March 1, 1863, in order to produce the mag¬ netic bearings of the same lines on January 1, 1925. ( b ) In Carroll County, in June, 1852, a line was run out with a compass and found to have a magnetic bearing N. 37° 50' E. It is desired to know what was the magnetic bearing of the same line in August, 1891. By turning to the secular change table for Carroll County we find the following values of the magnetic declination at Carrollton: Declination c / June, 1852_ 9 32 E. August, 1891_ 7 39 E. Change of declination_ 1 53 During the interval the north end of the compass needle has been moving westward, and consequently bearings in the northeast quad¬ rant have been increasing. The correction should then be added to the magnetic bearing in 1852 to give the magnetic bearing in 1891. Magnetic x bearing o / June, 1852-_•_ N. 37 50 E. Change of declination_ +1 53 August, 1891-„-,_ N. 39 43 E. (c) What will be the value of the declination at the magnetic station at Caruthersville on January 1, 1929? Fig. 1-MAGNETIC STATION MARKER MAGNETIC DECLINATION The table contains values of the declination for January 1, 1925, for all the stations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in the State, and for the greater part of the stations occupied by Professor Nipher during his magnetic survey of Missouri.- Those observations of Professor Nipher which have been omitted either were repeated by him later at the same spot or else were affected by some artificial disturbance, so that they were not representative of magnetic con¬ ditions at the point. The latitudes and longitudes were derived from various sources and vary considerably in precision. A few stations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey were also geodetic stations, and precise positions are available for these. In numerous other cases it was possible to make an accurate location of the magnetic station on one of the topo¬ graphic sheets of the United States Geological Survey. Where neither of these methods could be followed, the position adopted was usually that resulting from the astronomic observations which accom- MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 5 By turning to the secular change table for Pemiscot County the annual change there is seen to be a decrease of east declination of 1.7 minutes a year. January 1, 1929, is 4 years later than January 1, 1925, so that the entire change of declination during this period will be a decrease of 7 minutes. This amount, subtracted from 5° 05' E., the value at the magnetic station on January 1, 1925, gives 4° 58' E., which is the most probable value for January 1, 1929. 6 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY panied the magnetic measurements. The probable error of these observations is about one-half a minute in latitude and about one min¬ ute in longitude. Where the position is given to the nearest minute only, it was usually scaled from some of the maps available. The positions given by Professor Nipher for his stations were derived from the best maps available at the time. In the case of these, also, many of them can be accurately located now by means of their descriptions, on the topographic sheets of the Geological Survey, and corrections have been made to the original positions where it seemed that a more precise position could be established. Where the position is given to the nearest minute only, it is usually that given by Professor Nipher in the published reports of his work. The last column of the table gives the date of the last visit to the station by someone qualified to make a report on its condition. Where. no date is given, either the station was not permanently marked or is known to be no longer available for use. MAGNETIC STATIONS As a rule, magnetic observers are required to mark each point at which observations are made and to furnish a description, so that it may be found by anyone desiring to make subsequent use of it. In some cases only a temporary mark was placed or none at all. A stone post set with its top near the surface of the ground or a hole filled with concrete are the usual forms of marker. In recent years it has been the practice to set in the top of the stone or concrete a bronze disk 3)^ inches in diameter with a stem 3 inches long. One of these disks is shown in Figure 1. With lapse of time the growth of cities or change of surroundings due to other causes frequently renders a station unsuitable for mag¬ netic observations. Some cases of changes have already been reported by local surveyors and been incorporated in the descriptions. Any¬ one having occasion to use any of the stations is requested to note needed changes in the descriptions and report them to this office. In some cases a second stone has been set to mark the true meridian. The description states whether the magnetic observations were made at the north or south end. The same one should be used for testing compasses. Most descriptions of marked stations include the true bearing of one or more prominent objects. By setting off the true bearing the direction of true north can be obtained just as well as from a meridian mark. It is necessary to use care in identifying these objects, as they are .perhaps even more likely to disappear with time than the stations themselves. Information in regard to these is particularly desired. CONSTRUCTION OF ISOGONIC CHART • The isogonic charts show graphically by means of lines of equal magnetic declination (isogonic fines) the distribution of the magnetic declination on January 1, 1925. The lines are drawn at intervals of 20 minutes. This seems convenient for interpolation and frequent enough to show the distribution as well as it can be ascertained from the number of observations available. The values of declination upon which the charts are based are shown on the map to the nearest tenth of a degree and correspond to the date of the chart. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 7 An inspection of the observations shows that there is usually a lack of uniformity in the changes between stations. These irregularities must be considered to be disturbances of greater or less degree super¬ posed upon the general distribution of the region. It is possible to draw the isogonic lines in such a manner that they will fit the ob¬ served values as exactly as desired, but such lines would be a suc¬ cession of bends and loops which probably would not represent the declination at points where no observations had been made any better than more regular lines. An examination of the observed val¬ ues will show how improbable it is that an added observed value would fit any such system. For this reason it is customary to smooth out the isogonic lines. In the accompanying chart the irregularities which may be considered as peculiar to a station or even to a locality have been eliminated by using mean values in the actual placing of the lines, but those irregularities of broader extent which are of sufficient size to affect the form of several isogonic lines have been retained. The chart furnishes the means of estimating the value of the declination at points where no observations have been made. It is important to have some idea as to how much reliance can be placed on such values. This, of course, depends on the closeness of the agreement between the chart and the observations in the region. The method of making the chart just described makes it plain that it is probable, though not necessarily certain, that where the observed values differ in a marked degree from the chart values the region is disturbed to the amount of the differences or even more. In such cases too much reliance should not be placed on chart values. The possibility should not be overlooked that disturbance may exist in a county, although none is indicated by the observation at the county seat, or that an observed disturbance at the county seat may not extend throughout the county; but in most cases the differences between chart and observations are a good guide. The reliability of chart values for the State as a whole is indicated by a statement in regard to the amount of the differences. For 22 per cent of the stations the differences between chart and observa¬ tions are less than 5 minutes and for 56 per cent less than 15 minutes. There are, however, 14 stations where the difference is greater than 1° 00', and at the base of Pilot Knob it amounts to 4° 25'. The small chart of Morgan County is based on observations in which the method of measurement was not so precise as for the observations given on the State chart, but in spite of this lack of precision in observation they show more evenness and closer corre¬ spondence with the chart. The statement of the differences between chart and observations will make this evident. In this case 38 per cent of the differences were less than 5 minutes and 75 per cent were less than 15 minutes. The greatest difference between chart and ' observation was only 32 minutes, and the probable error of the chart on any single observation, derived from all the differences, is 8 minutes. With this understanding the chart will serve as a good guide. It is frequently necessary to take a value from the chart and get the corresponding declination for an earlier date by applying the secular change from the tables. It should be understood that for cases of 60775—25f-2 8 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY moderate disturbance the secular change is the same as for an undis¬ turbed region. COMPASS SURVEYS THE COMPASS AS A SURVEYING INSTRUMENT The compass is not an instrument of precision. Moreover, the earth’s magnetism on which it depends is constantly changing. Hence, results of great accuracy can not be expected with it. It has the advantage of . simplicity, cheapness, and speed. Its use as a surveying instrument should be avoided when circumstances will permit. It is very useful, however, in retracing old lines orig¬ inally run by compass, and for surveys where great accuracy is not required or where accuracy must be sacrificed to speed, particularly in wooded areas, the compass is indispensable. When the com¬ pass is used, precautions should be taken to eliminate as many of the various sources of error as possible. ADJUSTMENT OF INSTRUMENT One frequent source of error is lack of proper care of the com¬ pass. The more important points to be examined are: See that the peep sights are vertical; look out for a sluggish needle, which may be due to a damaged jewel, a dull pivot, or loss of magnetism; sec that the needle is horizontal, shifting the balancing weight if neces¬ sary; and adjust the level. COMPASS CORRECTION t This may be determined by observing at a station where observa¬ tions have been made with an instrument known to be free from error, as at one of the magnetic stations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The difference between the declination for such a station furnished by this office and the value determined by the surveyor’s compass represents the correction which must be applied to results with the compass. For high-grade modern compasses the correc¬ tion is small, but for older instruments a quarter of a degree or more is probably not unusual. DIURNAL VARIATION The direction of the compass needle at any point is constantly changing. In the course of the day there is a periodic change, with an easterly extreme about 8 a. m. and a westerly extreme about 1 p. m., and a daily range averaging in Missouri about 5 minutes in winter and 10 minutes in summer. The magnitude of this correction is indicated by the following table, which gives the average diurnal variation for a series of years at the magnetic observatory of this bureau at Cheltenham, Md. However, the table does not take into consideration the irregular and sometimes extensive departures of the needle from the mean position indicated by the table of diurnal variation. For individual days of ordinary character the departures from the daily mean may be 50 per cent greater than the values given in the table. For most compass sur¬ veys these fluctuations need not be taken into consideration, but when as great accuracy as possible is sought a correction should be MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 9 applied to the observed reading, depending on the time of day. In case a more precise correction is desired, it may be obtained from this office, if the place, day, and hour of observation are given. The table shows corrections to observed west declinations. For correcting east declinations the signs will need to be reversed. Diurnal variation of declination at the Cheltenham ( Md .) magnetic observatory Hour 1 a. m 2 a. m 3 a. m 4 a. m 5 a. m 6 a. m 7 a. m 8 a. m. 9 a. m 10 a. m. 11a. m Noon.. January, Febru¬ ary, No¬ vember, Decem¬ ber March, April. Septem¬ ber, October 1 May, June, July, August Hour ' January, Febru¬ ary, No¬ vember, Decem¬ ber March, April, Septem¬ ber, October May, June, July, August / / / / > / -0.2 +0. 1 +0.1 1 p. m_ _ - 2.7 - 4.3 - 5.0 - 0.3 + 0.3 +0.2 2 p. m_ -2.6 - 4.2 - 4.7 -0. 1 + 0 . 5 + 0.3 3 p. m_ _ -2.0 - 3.1 - 3.5 +0. 1 +0.8 +0.8 4 p. m_ -1.2 -1.8 -2.2 + 0.3 +1.1 + 1.7 5 p. m_ __ - 0.5 -0.8 -0.8 +0.6 +2.0 + 3 . 5 6 p. m_ __ 0.0 - 0.4 0.0 +1.1 + 3.4 + 4.9 7 p. m.. + 0.3 -0. 1 0.0 +2.0 + 4.2 + 5.3 8 p. m_ + 0.5 0.0 -0.1 +2.6 + 3.7 + 4.0 9 p. m__ +0.6 +0. 2 0.0 +2.0 + 1.8 +1.1 10 p. m... + 0.5 +0.2 +0.1 +0.2 - 0.9 - 1.9 11 p. m_ + 0 . 4 * +0. 2 +0.1 - 1 . 7 - 3 . 2 - 4 . 1 Midnight_ _ .. +0.1 +0. 2 +0.1 MAGNETIC STORMS During the occurrence of a magnetic storm variations from the normal of half a degree or more may occur. The surveyor should be on the lookout for such disturbances, which may be indicated by unusual activity of the needle. < CHANGE OF DECLINATION WITH TIME (SECULAR CHANGE) The secular change is the one in which the surveyor is most inter¬ ested, especially as it affects the retracing of lines of old surveys. By referring to the tables it will be seen that the annual change in Missouri now (1925) ranges from about three minutes at Kahoka in the northeast to one minute at Pineville in the southwest. Throughout the State the north end of the magnetic needle is moving slowly westward, so that east declination is decreasing. The direction of the long-period motion of the magnetic needle has changed several times in Missouri since the beginning of the record of observations in the State. An easterly extreme of the north end of the needle occurred at Sedalia about 1835, after which a westerly motion set in until 1902, when the motion became again easterly. This lasted only until 1915, when the present westerly motion set in. The dates at which these reversals of direction took place vary some¬ what throughout the State, but they can be found for any point from the secular-change table for the vicinity. LOCAL DISTURBANCE The direction of the compass needle changes from place to place. The rate of change is generally small, so that for the survey of a small area the declination may be considered constant. The presence of local disturbance can be detected by observing the compass bearing 10 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY of‘a line from both ends. If there is a difference it is an indication that the changes of declination with change of locality are unusually rapid. Rapid changes are probably due to the presence of the mag¬ netic oxide of iron in rock near the surface. In addition to disturbances due to natural conditions there may be artificial disturbances caused by the proximity of iron pipes, buildings, iron fences, electric car lines, etc. Power lines carrying alternating current will have no effect. As these artificial dis¬ turbances are subject to change with time, they should be looked out for when retracing old surveys. They are of special importance in the vicinity of a magnetic station, as they may render the station useless for determining the compass correction. The tools of the surveyor should not be overlooked in this con¬ nection. An ax, lining pole, steel tape, or pins may deflect the needle if brought too near, and the brim of a stiff hat usually contains a strip of steel which may have an appreciable effect on the needle. TRUE MERIDIAN Since the direction of the compass needle is constantly changing, and since two compasses may give different readings at the same time and place, it is highly desirable to provide means for referring the compass bearings to the true meridian in every compass survey. The best method is to determine the true bearing of one of the lines of the survey by observations on Polaris or the sun, as explained in Special Publication No. 90. The difference between the true bear¬ ing and the compass bearing (with the compass correction applied) gives the magnetic declination at that particular time and place. If there is no evidence of local disturbance, this value may be assumed to apply to all the lines of the tract. When in later'years a surveyor makes a resurvey of the tract, he can reestablish one of the lines by astronomical observations and determine the declination with his com¬ pass. The difference between the two values of the declination can then be used as a correction to be applied to the earlier compass bearings. As a rule, however, the determination of a true bearing for each survey is not feasible. The next best thing is the establishment of a true meridian line centrally located in the field of the operations of the surveyor (usually the county seat in the case of the county surveyor) at which he may determine the value of the magnetic declination at any time with his compass, which value should be recorded with any survey which he makes at that time. His observa¬ tions should be repeated at least once a year to guard against possible changes in his compass and to take into account the secular change in the declination. When in later years another surveyor wishes to retrace the lines of the survey, the declination determined with his compass at the same meridian line will give him the correction to be applied to the compass bearings of the earlier survey. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 11 MAGNETIC STATIONS In many cases a surveyor will not be in a position to establish and maintain a meridian line which is a suitable place for testing com¬ passes and which will remain available in future years. The magnetic stations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, where available, meet this very need, and it is one of the purposes of this publication to make it easy to use these stations. Most of them were marked in a perma¬ nent manner, and at some of the county seats an additional stone marks the true meridian. True bearings to prominent objects are provided in most cases. The magnetic stations are established, 'primarily , for the benefit of the local surveyors, and in their own interest they should endeavor to have the stations preserved for future use. This office must depend largely on the cooperation of local surveyors, in the form of reports of changes, to keep its record, of the condition of the magnetic stations up to date, and reguests the cooperation of local surveyors in the form of reports of any changes. It will then know where new stations are ' needed and can act accordingly. Reports are particularly desired in regard to those stations marked as not recently visited. LEGISLATION The importance of the testing of surveyors’ compasses has been recognized in several States by the passage of laws requiring the establishment of meridian lines and the testing of surveyors’ com¬ passes at stated intervals. Unfortunately, in many cases the loca¬ tion of the meridian line was not such as to insure freedom from present and future artificial disutrbances, and in others either the compass tests were not made or the results not recorded, so that the object of the laws has not been fully attained. RETRACING OLD COMPASS SURVEYS One of the most important uses of the surveyor’s compass at the present time and the one that gives the most trouble is the reestab¬ lishment of lost boundary lines originally run by compass. When one line of the tract has been preserved, the surveyor can use the change of compass bearing of that line to correct the original bearings of the lost lines. In many cases, however, there is nothing but a starting point. Sometimes the problem is complicated by errors introduced at the time of previous resurveys. Cases are not infrequent where compass bearings given in the original deed are repeated in a subsequent deed, perhaps 50 years later, when the bearings may have changed a degree or more. In other cases, where a piece of property has been subdivided, the bear¬ ings of the old lines are not changed in the new deed, but the bearings of the subdividing lines are given as observed at the time of the subdivision. PRECISION OF SECULAR CHANGE TABLES To assist surveyors in redetermining lost boundary lines fixed originally by compass, where local information on the change of bearing of lines is lacking, this bureau has made a careful study of 12 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY all available data on the change of the magnetic declination with time and has prepared tables showing approximately the change from the date of the earliest observations to the present time for all parts of the United States. In using these tables the surveyor must bear in mind the uncertainties incident to the use of the compass and should not be surprised if, for example, the change in declination since the early part of the nineteenth century, as given by the tables, differs by as much as half a degree from the value indicated by his own tracing of old lines. The tables are intended to give the actual change in the magnetic declination, eliminating as far as possible the errors of individual instruments; but they are only approximate, and the earlier portions are less reliable on account of the inferior char¬ acter ( and limited amount of the data on which they are based. These tables are essentially the same as those which have been published previously by the Coast and Geodetic Survey in the various editions of secular change tables which it has issued for the United States. The tables have been reviewed from time to time as later observations became available and such modification as seemed necessary introduced, so that they now represent the best information available and are intended to supersede any tables which have pre¬ viously been furnished. For the past 50 years this bureau has been making systematic observations at repeat stations in all parts of the United States to keep track of the change of declination. The data prior to that time have been received mainly from other sources. There is no doubt that much information on the subject is in the hands of local survey¬ ors, resulting from their experiences and that of their predecessors in rerunning well-defined lines of old compass surveys. This office has received such information from time to time from surveyors, but more of it would be a welcome addition to that already on file. PUBLIC-LAND SURVEYS The original survey and subdivision of the public lands in the United States was made by the General Land Office, and that class of surveys is under the jurisdiction of that office. Questions arising in the retracing of section lines should be handled in accordance with the rules and regulations which it has established for that purpose. Many determinations of the magnetic declination were made in connection with the original survey, and the secular change tables may sometimes be found useful in finding lost corners. PROBLEMS OF LOCAL SURVEYORS Some of the more general problems of the surveyor have been indicated in the examples given in explaining the use of the secular change tables, and reference has been made to some of the difficul¬ ties which he may encounter. The principles and methods of sur¬ veying are fully explained in textbooks on the subject. The special problems of the individual surveyor are too varied to warrant an attempt to give general solutions. The following books and publica¬ tions may be found useful: Gillespie and Staley, Treatise on Surveying, part 1 . D. Appleton & Co., New York. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 13 Johnson and Smith, Theory and Practice of Surveying. John Wiley & Sons, New York. \ Breed and Hosmer, The Principles and Practice of Surveying, part 1. John Wiley & Sons, New York. The three books mentioned above are all standard works on sur¬ veying. Compass Surveying and the Simplified Calculation of Farm Areas, by Charles Mitchell Thomas, published by the D. A. St. Clair Press, Wytheville, Va. This contains the elements of compass surveying and the calculation of areas by the method of double meridian distances. It should be intelligible to those without technical training in surveying. A Treatise on the Law of Surveying and Boundaries, by Frank Emerson Clark, published by the Bobbs-Merrill Co., of Indianapolis. This deals with the legal aspects of surveying of both the public and private land surveys of the United States. Manual of Surveying Instructions for the Survey of the Public Lands of the United States and Private Land Claims, issued by the General Land Office and for sale by the Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Publications of the Coast and Geodetic Survey on terrestrial mag¬ netism are listed in full in the List of Publications of the Department of Commerce. There may be mentioned as particularly touching the work of the surveyor: Special Publication No. 90, containing an isogonic chart of the United States for 1920 and secular change tables for the United States. Serial No. 289, a pamphlet on compass surveys. The Earth’s Magnetism, issued in 1925, contains a historical sketch of the development of our knowledge of this phenomenon, a general description of the methods and instruments used for measuring the earth’s magnetism, and a state¬ ment of the extent at that time of the accumulated data. The theories which have been advanced to account for the earth’s magnetism are outlined, and its relations to other phenomena are touched upon. Secular change of the magnetic declination County_ Place. Adair Kirks- ville Andrew Savan¬ nah Atchison Rock- port Audrain Mexico Barry Cassville Barton Lamar Bates Butler Benton W arsaw Bollinger Marble Hill O / O / O / O / O t O / O / O / O / 1810.... 7 54 E 1820 9 47 E. 10 28 E. 10 57 E. 9 09 E 10 04 E. 8 06 1830... 9 55 10 38 11 09 9 17 9 22 E. .. 10 26 E. 9 42 E. 10 10 8 09 1840_ 9 55 10 41 11 14 9 16 9 23 10 28 9 45 10 10 8 04 1850.. 9 47 10 37 11 11 9 06 9 17 10 23 9 41 10 04 7 49 1860. 9 30 10 24 11 00 8 47 9 03 10 10 9 29 9 49 7 27 1870.. 9 07 10 05 10 42 8 23 8 44 9 52 9 12 9 29 7 00 1880.. 8 30 9 32 10 10 7 45 8 13 9 21 8 41 8 54 6 23 1890.. 7 46 8 51 9 30 7 03 7 35 8 43 8 02 8 12 5 44 1900_ 7 17 8 26 9 06 6 33 7 11 8 18 7 38 7 46 5 13 1905. 7 16 8 28 9 09 6 30 7 11 8 19 7 39 7 47 5 08 1910. 7 19 8 34 9 15 6 31 7 18 8 25 7 45 7 52 5 06 1915... 7 23 8 40 9 21 6 35 7 26 8 32 7 52 7 58 5 08 1920. 7 17 8 36 9 16 6 30 7 26 8 31 7 50 7 55 5 05 1925. 7 08 E. 8 28 E. 9 08 E. 6 22 E. 7 24 E. 8 27 E. 7 45 E. 7 49 E. 4 59 E Annual change in 1925. 2 '. 8 deer. 2'. 5 deer. 2 '. 6 deer. 2'. 5 deer. 1'. 5 deer. 1 '. 8 deer. 2 '. 0 deer. 2 '. 1 deer. 2 '. 1 deer 14 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Secular change of the magnetic declination —Continued County_ Place... Boone Colum¬ bia Buchan¬ an St. Joseph Butler Poplar Bluff i Caldwell Kingston Calla¬ way Fulton Camden Linn Creek Cape Girardeau Jackson Carroll Carroll¬ ton Carter Van Buren O t O t 0 / O f O / O / O / O / O / 1810 8 18 E. 7 14 E. 8 31 E. 1820_ 8 52 E. 10 06 E. 8 31 10 22 E. 9 17 E. 10 38 E. 7 26 9 33 E. 8 45 1830_ 8 58 10 16 8 36 10 31 9 24 10 44 7 29 9 41 8 51 1840_ 8 58 10 19 8 32 10 33 9 23 10 43 7 24 9 42 8 48 1850_ 8 49 10 15 8 19 10 28 9 13 10 36 7 09 9 36 8 36 1860... 8 32 10 02 7 58 10 14 8 54 10 20 6 46 9 21 8 16 1870_ 8 10 9 43 7 32 9 54 8 31 9 59 6 18 9 01 7 51 1880_ 7 33 9 10 6 55 9 20 7 53 9 24 5 40 8 26 7 15 1890_ 6 51 8 29 6 15 8 37 7 12 8 43 5 01 7 43 6 35 1900_ 6 23 8 04 5 46 8 11 6 43 8 16 4 30 7 17 6 . 06 1905_ 6 22 8 06 5 43 8 12 6 40 8 16 4 25 7 18 6 03 1910... 6 25 8 12 5 44 8 17 6 41 8 20 4 23 7 23 6 04 1915.... 6 30 8 18 5 48 8 23 6 45 8 26 4 25 7 29 6 09 1920--. 6 26 8 14 5 47 8 18 6 40 8 23 4 22 7 24 6 08 1925_ 6 19 E. 8 06 E. 5 43 E. 8 10 E. 6 33 E. 8 17 E. 4 16 E. 7 16 E. 6 04 E. Annual change in 1925_ 2'. 4 deer. 2'. 5 deer. 1'.8 deer. 2'. 5 deer. 2'. 4 deer. 2 '. 1 deer. 2'. 1 deer. 2'. 5 deer. 1'. 9 deer. County- Cass Cedar Chariton Christian Clark Clay Clinton Cole Cooper Place.. _ Harrison- Stockton Keytes- Ozark Kahoka Liberty Platts- Jefferson Boon- ville ville • burg City ville O / O / O / O / O f O / O / O / O / 1820 9 23 E. 9 13 E. 8 51 E. 10 38 E. 10 44 E. 9 45 E. 9 29 E 1830_ 9 51 E. 10 28 E 9 30 9 20 9 00 10 47 10 53 9 52 9 35 1840_ 9 53 10 29 9 30 9 20 9 00 10 50 10 56 9 51 9 35 1850_ 9 49 10 23 9 23 9 13 8 49 10 46 10 52 9 41 9 28 1860_ 9 37 10 09 9 07 8 58 8 30 10 33 10 39 9 23 9 12 1870_ 9 19 9 50 8 46 8 38 8 05 10 14 10 20 9 01 8 51 1880_ 8 48 9 18 8 10 8 05 7 26 9 41 9 46 8 24 8 15 1890_ 8 07 8 39 7 27 7 25 6 42 9 00 9 05 7 43 7 33 1900_ 7 43 8 14 7 00 7 00 6 11 8 35 8 40 7 15 7 06 1905_ 7 44 8 15 7 00 7 00 6 08 8 37 8 42 7 13 7 06 1910_ 7 50 8 21 7 04 7 06 6 09 8 42 8 48 7 15 7 10 1915_ 7 57 8 29 7 09 7 14 6 12 8 48 8 54 7 19 7 15 1920_ 7 54 8 27 7 04 7 14 6 06 8 44 8 50 7 15 7 11 1925_ 7 48 E. 8 23 E. 6 56 E. 7 10 E. 5 56 E. 8 37 E. 8 43 E. 7 09 E. 7 04E. Annual change in 1925_ 2'. 2 deer. 1'. 9 deer. 2'. 5 deer. 1'. 7 deer. 2'. 9 deer. 2'. 4 deer. 2'. 4 deer. 2'. 3 deer. 2'. 4 deer County_ Craw- Dade Dallas Daviess Dekalb Dent Douglas Dunklin Frank- ford lin Place... Steel- Green- Buffalo Gallatin Mays- Salem Ava Kennett U nion ville field ville O f O / O / O t O / O / O / O / O / 1800 . 7 35 E. 1810 8 10 E. 7 56 1820 _ 8 50 E. 9 16 E. 10 05 E. 10 27 E. 8 26 9 14 E. 8 08 8 17 E. 1830.. 8 57 9 10E. 9 22 10 15 10 37 8 33 9 20 8 12 8 23 1840_ 8 56 9 11 9 22 10 18 10 40 8 31 9 19 8 07 8 21 1850.. 8 44 9 05 9 15 10 13 10 35 8 19 9 11 7 53 8 08 1860_ 8 24 8 51 9 00 9 59 10 22 7 59 8 55 7 31 7 47 1870_ 8 00 8 32 8 40 9 38 10 03 7 35 8 34 7 04 7 22 1880_ 7 22 8 00 8 06 9 03 9 29 6 58 8 00 6 28 6 42 1890_ 6 41 7 21 7 25 8 20 8 47 6 18 7 20 5 49 6 02 1900.-.. 6 12 6 56 6 59 7 53 8 22 5 49 6 54 5 19 5 32 1905_ 6 09 6 57 7 00 7 54 8 24 5 46 6 54 5 15 5 28 1910--.. 6 10 7 04 7 06 7 59 8 29 5 48 7 00 5 16 5 27 1915_ 6 14 7 12 7 13 8 05 8 35 5 53 7 08 5 20 5 29 1920_ 6 11 7 11 7 11 8 00 8 31 5 51 7 08 5 20 5 24 1925_ 6 05 E. 7 07 E. 7 07 E. 7 52 E. 8 23 E. 5 45 E. 7 05 E. 5 17 E. 5 17 E. Annual change in 1925.. 2'.2 deer. 1'.8 deer. 1'.9 deer. 2'.6 deer. 2 '.5 deer. 2'.1 deer. 1'.6 deer. 1'.6 deer. 2 '.4 deer. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 15 Secular change of the magnetic declination —Continued County_ Place.. Gasco¬ nade Her¬ mann Gentry Albany Greene Spring- field Grundy Trenton Harrison Bethany Henry Clinton Hickory Hermit¬ age Holt Oregon Howard Fayette O t O / O / O / O / O f O / O / O / 1820_ 9 15 E. 10 25 E. 8 55 E 9 17 E. 10 00 E. 9 59 E. 11 20 E. 9 49 E. 1830_ 9 22 10 36 9 02 9 26 10 10 9 37 E. 10 05 11 31 & 56 1840_ 9 21 10 40 • 9 02 9 28 10 13 9 39 10 05 11 35 9 56 1850_ 9 09 10 35 8 55 9 23 10 08 9 34 9 59 11 31 9 49 1860_ 8 49 10 21 8 40 9 09 9 54 9 21 9 44 11 19 9 33 1870. ... 8 25 10 01 8 20 8 48 9 33 9 03 9 24 11 00 9 11 1880... 7 46 9 26 7 47 8 13 8 58 8 30 8 50 10 27 8 34 1890. ... 7 05 8 44 7 07 7 30 8 15 7 49 8 09 9 46 7 51 1900... 6 35 8 18 6 42 7 03 n 7 48 7 24 7 43 9 21 7 23 1905_ 6 31 8 20 6 42 7 04 7 49 7 25 7 44 9 23 7 23 1910.. 6 31 8 25 6 48 7 09 7 54 7 30 7 50 9 29 7 26. 1915-. 6 34 8 31 6 56 7 15 8 00 7 36 7 57 9 35 7 30 1920. 6 29 8 26 6 55 7 10 7 55 7 33 7 54 9 31 7 25 1925. 6 22 E 18 18 E. 6 51 E. 7 02 E. 7 47 E. 7 27 E. 7 49 E. 9 23 E. 7 17 E. Annual change in 1925.. 2'.4 deer. 2'.6 deer. 1'.7 deer. 2'.7 deer. 2 '.7 deer. 2'.1 deer. 2'.0 deer. 2 '.5 deer. 2'.5'decr. County_ Howell Iron Jackson Jasper Jefferson Johnson Knox Laclede Lafav- ette Place... West- Ironton Inde- Carthage Hills- W arrens- Edina Lebanon Lcxing- plains pend- • boro burg ton ence O / O / O / O / O / O / O / O / O / 1810.. 8 32 E. 8 08 E. 8 41 E. 1820-.. 8 47 8 22 8 34 E. 9 48 E. 9 31 E. 8 58 9 48 E. 1830_ 8 54 8 27 10 43 E. 9 56 E. 8 40 9 55 9 39 9 04 9 56 1840_ 8 52 8 24 10 45 9 58 8 37 9 56 9 39 9 03 9 57 1850_ 8 42 8 10 10 41 9 53 8 24 9 51 9 30 8 56 9 52 1860_ 8 24 7 49 10 29 9 40 8 02 9 37 9 12 8 40 9 38 1870_ 8 01 7 23 10 10 9 22 7 37 9 18 8 48 8 19 9 18 1880_ 7 26 6 45 9 37 8 51 6 57 8 44 8 10 7 44 8 44 1890_ 6 46 6 05 8 56 8 13 6 17 8 03 7 26 7 03 8 02 1900_ 6 18 5 35 8 31 7 49 5 47 7 38 6 56 6 37 7 36 1905-.. 6 17 5 31 8 32 7 50 5 43 7 39 6 54 6 37 7 37 1910_ 6 21 5 31 8 37 7 57 5 42 7 44 6 56 6 42 7 42 1915_ 6 28 5 35 8 43 8 05 5 44 7 50 6 59 6 49 7 48 1920_ 6 28 5 32 8 40 8 04 5 39 7 46 6 53 6 47 7 44 1925... 6 24 E. i 5 26 E. 8 34 E. 8 01 E. 5 33 E. 7 40 E. 6 44 E. 6 42 E. 7 37 E. A n n u a 1 change in 1925.. 1'.7 deer. 2'.1 deer. 2 '.3 deer. 1'.6 deer. 2 '.3 deer. 2' .3 deer. 2'. 8 deer. 2'.0 deer. 2 '.4 deer. 1 Value of magnetic declination is a chart value. 60775—25f-3 16 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Secular change of the magnetic declination —Continued County_ Place_ Law¬ rence Mount Vernon Lewis Monti- eello Lincoln Troy Linn Linneus Livings¬ ton Chilli- cothe Macon Macon Madison Fred- erick- town Maries Vienna Marion Pal¬ myra O / O / O / O / O / O / O / O / O / 1810_ 8 05 E. 8 11 E. 1820_ 9 28 E. 8 22 9 19 E. 9 27 E. 9 29 E. 8 24 8 40 E. 9 04 E. 1830_ 9 20 E. 9 37 8 28 9 28 9 35 9 36 8 28 8 47 9 12 1840_ 9 21 9 37 8 26 9 29 9 37 9 36 8 24 8 46 9 12 1850_ 9 15 9 26 8 13 9 22 9 31 9 28 8 10 8 36 9 01 1860_ 9 01 9 07 7 52 9 06 9 17 9 11 7 48 8 17 8 41 1870_ 8 42 8 42 7 28 8 45 8 57 8 48 7 22 7 54 8 16 1880_ 8 11 8 03 6 49 8 09 8 22 8 11 6 44 7 17 7 37 1890_ 7 33 7 20 6 07 7 26 7 39 7 28 6 04 6 36 6 54 1900_ 7 09 6 49 5 36 6 59 7 12 6 59 5 34 6 08 6 23 1905_ 7 09 6 46 5 32 6 59 7 13 6 58 5 30 6 06 6 19 1910_ 7 16 6 47 5 31 7 03 7 18 7 01 5 29 6 08 6 19 1915_ 7 24 6 49 5 33 7 08 7 24 7 05 5 32 6 13 6 21 1920_ 7 23 6 43 5 27 7 03 7 19 7 00 5 29 6 10 6 15 1925_ 7 20 E. 6 33 E. 5 19 E. 6 55 E. 7 11 E. 6 52 E. 5 23 E. 6 04 E. 6 06 E. Annual (■ change in 1925_ 1'.6 deer. 2 '.9 deer. 2'.6 deer. 2'.6 deer. 2'.6 deer. 2 '.7 deer. 2'.1 deer. 2'.2 deer. 2' .8 deer County_ Place.. McDon¬ ald Pine- ville Mercer Prince¬ ton Miller Tuscum- bia Missis¬ sippi Charles¬ ton Moniteau Cali¬ fornia Monroe Paris Mont¬ gomery Mont¬ gomery City Morgan Ver¬ sailles New Madrid New Madrid 1810_ O / O / O / O / 7 10 E. O / O / e / O / O / 7 19 E. 1820_ 9 58 E. 9 58 E. 7 21 9 03 E. 9 48 E. 8 49 E. 9 31 E. 7 30 1830.. 10 19 E. 10 08 10 04 7 23 9 09 9 56 8 56 9 37 7 33 1840_ 10 21 10 11 10 03 7 17 9 09 9 55 8 55 9 37 7 27 1850_ 10 15 10 05 9 55 7 02 9 01 9 45 8 43 9 30 7 12 1860_ 10 02 9 50 9 38 6 39 8 44 9 27 8 23 9 14 6 49 1870. 9 44 9 28 9 16 6 11 8 23 9 03 7 59 8 53 6 21 1880_ 9 14 8 52 8 40 5 33 7 47 8 25 7 20 8 18 5 44 1890.. 8 37 8 08 7 59 4 54 7 05 7 43 6 39 7 36 5 05 1900. 8 13 7 40 7 32 4 23 6 38 7 13 6 09 7 09 4 34 1905_ 8 14 7 41 7 31 4 18 6 37 7 11 6 05 7 09 4 29 1910_ 8 21 7 45 7 35 4 16 6 40 _ 7 13 6 05 7 13 4 28 1915_ 8 30 7 50 7 41 4 18 6 45 7 16 6 08 7 19 4 31 1920_ 8 31 7 45 7 38 4 15 6 41 7 10 6 03 7 15 4 30 1925.. Annual change in 8 29 E. 7 36 E. 7 32 E. 4 10 E. 6 35 E. 7 02 E. 5 55 E. 7 09 E. 4 26 E. 1925_ l'A deer. 2'.8 deer. 2'.2 deer. 2'.0 deer. 2'.3 deer. 2'.6 deer. 2 '.5 deer. 2'.2 deer. 1'.9 deer. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 17 Secular change of the magnetic declination —Continued County_ Newton Noda- Oregon Osage Ozark Pemis- Perry Pettis Phelps way cot Place . Neosho Mary- Alton Linn Gaines- Caruth- Perry- Sedalia Rolla ville ville ersville ville O / O / O / O / O / O / O / O / O / 1800_ 7 32 E. 1810_ 8 07 E. 8 35 E. 7 52 7 19 E. 1820_ 11 34 E. 8 22 9 27 E. 8 51 8 03 7 32 9 57 E. 8 21 E. 1830_ 10 37E. 11 45 8 29 9 34 8 58 8 06 7 36 10 03 8 28 1840_ 10 39 11 49 8 27 9 33 8 56 00 7 31 10 03 8 26 1850_ 10 33 11 45 8 16 9 22 8 47 7 45 7 16 9 57 8 15 1860_ 10 20 11 32 7 57 9 03 8 31 7 23 6 53 9 42 7 56 1870_ 10 02 11 12 7 33 8 40 8 10 6 55 6 26 9 22 7 33 1880_ 9 32 10 38 6 57 8 02 7 37 6 19 5 46 8 47 6 56 1890_ 55 9 56 6 17 7 21 6 58 5 40 5 07 8 05 6 16 1900_ 8 31 9 30 5 49 6 52 6 32 . 5 10 4 36 7 39 5 48 1905_ 8 32 9 32 5 47 6 49 6 32 5 06 4 31 7 40 5 46 1910_ 8 39 9 38 5 50 6 50 6 38 5 06 4 29 7 45 5 48 1915_ 8 47 9 44 5 56 6 54 6 46 5 10 4 30 7 51 5 52 1920_ 8 47 9 39 5 56 6 50 6 47 5 09 4 26 7 47 5 49 1925_ 8 45 E. 9 31 E. 5 52 E. 6 44 E. 6 45 E. 5 05 E. 4 20 E. 7 41 E. 5 43 E. Annual change in 1925_ 1'.5 deer. 2 '. 6 deer. 1'.7 deer. 2'.3 deer. 1'. 5 deer. 1'.7 deer. 2 '.3 deer. 2 '.3 deer. 2'.1 deer. County_ Pike Platte Polk Pulaski Putnam Ralls Ran- Ray Rey- dolph nolds Place_ Bowling Platte Bolivar Waynes- Union- New Hunts- Rich- Center- Green City ville ville London ville mond ville O / O f O / O / O / O / O / O / O / 1810. 8 19 E. 8 53 E. 8 30 E. 1820_ 8 38 16 07 E. 9 32 E. 9 10 9 16 E. 8 41 E. 9 02 E. 9 36 E. 8 45 1830_ 8 44 10 17 9 39 9 17 9 25 8 49 9 09 9 44 8 50 1840_ 8 43 10 20 9 39 9 16 9 27 8 48 9 09 9 46 8 47 1850_ 8 30 10 16 9 32 9 07 9 20 8 36 9 01 9 41 8 34 1860_ 8 09 10 04 9 17 8 49 9 04 8 16 8 44 9 27 8 13 1870_ 7 45 9 45 8 57 8 27 8 42 7 51 8 22 9 07 7 48 1880_ 7 06 9 13 8 23 7 51 8 05 7 12 7 45 8 33 7 11 1890_ 6 24 8 32 7 42 7 10 7 21 6 30 7 02 7 51 6 31 1900_ 5 53 8 07 7 17 6 42 6 53 5 59 6 34 7 25 6 02 1905_ 5 49 8 09 7 17 6 41 6 53 5 55 6 33 7 26 5 59 1910_ 5 48 8 14 7 23 6 44 6 56 5 55 6 36 7 31 5 59 1915_ 5 50 8 20 7 30 6 49 7 00 5 58 6 40 7 37 6 03 1920_ 5 44 8 17 7 28 6 47 6 54 5 52 6 35 7 33 6 01 1925.. 5 36 E. 8 10 E. 7 24 E. 6 41 E. 6 45 E. 5 44 E. • 6 27 E. 7 26 E. 5 56 E. Annual * change in 1925_ 2'. 7 deer. 2 '.4 deer. 1 l'.9decr. 2'.1 deer. 2'.8 deer. 2'. 7 deer. 2'.6 deer. 2 '.4 deer. 2'.0 deer. 18 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Secular change of the magnetic declination —Continued County..... Place... Ripley Doni¬ phan St. Charles O’Fallon St. Clair Osceola Ste. Gene¬ vieve Ste. Gene¬ vieve St. Francois Farming- ton St. Louis Clayton Saline Marshall Schuyler Lan¬ caster 1810 .. O / 8 23 E. o r 8 11 E. O / O / 7 36 E. O / 7 22 E. o r 7 36 E. O / O / 1820.. 8 37 8 27 7 50 7 36 7 52 9 59 E. 9 59 E. 1830.... 8 42 8 32 9 55 E. 7 54 7 41 7 56 10 05 10 07 1840.. 8 38 8 29 9 56 7 50 7 38 7 53 10 05 10 08 1850.... 8 25 8 15 9 50 7 36 7 24 7 39 9 59 10 00 1860.. 8 05 7 53 9 36 7 13 7 03 7 16 9 44 9 43 1870.__ 7 40 7 28 9 17 6 47 6 37 6 50 9 24 9 20 1880... 7 04 6 48 8 44 6 06 5 59 6 10 8 49 8 42 1890.. 6 24 6 07 8 04 5 27 5 19 5 30 8 07 7 58 1900.. 5 55 5 36 7 39 4 56 4 49 4 59 7 41 7 28 1905___ 5 52 5 32 7 40 4 51 4 45 4 54 7 42 7 27 1910... 5 54 5 30 7 46 4 49 4 44 4 52 7 47 7 30 1915___ 5 59 5 31 7 53 4 50 4 47 4 53 7 53 7 33 1920__ 5 58 5 25 7 50 4 45 4 43 4 48 7 49 7 27 1925_ Annual change in 5 54 E. 5 17 E. 7 45 E. 4 39 E. 4 37 E. 4 40 E. 7 42 E. 7 17 E 1925.... V.7 deer. 2'.6 deer. 2 '. 0 decr. 2'.3 deer. 2'.2 deer. 2 '.5 deer. 2'.4 deer. 2'.9 deer. County. Place.... Scotland Memphis Scott Benton Shannon Emi¬ nence Shelby Shelby- ville Stoddard Bloom¬ field Stone Galena Sullivan Milan Taney Forsyth 1810.... O / O t 7 40 E. O / 8 38 E. O / O / 8 05 E. O f O / O / 1820... 8 58 E. 7 52 8 53 9 15 E. 8 17 9 44 E. 9 06 E 1830__ 9 06 7 55 9 00 9 23 8 20 8 50 E. 9 53 9 13 1840.... 9 06 7 50 8 58 9 23 8 15 8 50 9 54 9 12 1850___ 8 57 7 35 8 46 9 13 8 00 8 43 9 47 9 05 1860.. 8 39 7 12 8 26 8 55 7 38 8 28 9 31 8 50 1870__ 8 15 6 44 8 02 8 31 7 11 8 08 9 09 8 30 1880.. 7 37 6 06 7 25 7 53 6 34 7 35 8 33 7 57 1890.. 6 53 5 27 6 45 7 10 5 55 6 55 7 49 7 18 1900... 6 23 4 56 6 16 6 40 5 24 6 30 7 21 6 53 1905.... 6 21 4 51 6 13 6 38 5 19 6 30 7 21 6 53 1910.. 6 23 4 49 6 15 6 39 5 18 6 36 7 25 6 59 1915. 6 26 4 51 6 20 6 42 5 21 6 44 7 30 7 07 1920__ 6 20 4 48 6 19 6 36 5 19 6 43 7 24 7 07 1925. Annual change in 6 10E. 4 42 E. 6 15 E. 6 28 E. 15 15 E. 6 41 E. 7 16 E. l 7 05 E 1925. 2 '.9 deer. 2'.1 deer. 1'.9 deer. 2'.7 deer. 1'.9 deer. 1'.5 deer. 2'.7 deer. 1\5 deer 1 Value of magnetic declination is a chart value MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 19 Secular change of the magnetic declination —Continued County. Place. Texas Houston Vernon Nevada Warren Warren- ton Washing¬ ton Potosi W ayne Green¬ ville Webster Marsh¬ field Worth Grant City Wright Hart- ville O f O / O / O / O / O / O / O / 1810... 8 37 E. 8 26 E. 8 20 E. 9 39 E. 1820. 8 53 8 18 E. 8 41 8 33 9 12 E. 10 44 E. 9 56 1830.... 9 00 10 11 E. 8 25 8 46 8 38 9 18 10 55 10 02 1840... 8 59 10 14 8 24 8 43 8 34 9 17 10 59 10 01 1850. 8 50 10 10 8 12 8 30 8 21 9 10 10 54 9 53 I860....... 8 32 9 58 7 52 8 09 8 00 8 54 10 40 9 36 1870.. 8 09 9 41 7 28 7 44 7 34 8 33 10 20 9 14 1880.. 7 33 9 10 6 49 7 06 6 57 7 59 9 45 8 39 1890.... 6 52 8 31 6 08 6 26 6 17 7 19 9 03 7 58 1900... 6 25 8 07 5 38 5 56 5 48 6 53 8 37 7 32 1905.. 6 24 8 08 5 34 5 52 5 45 6 54 8 39 7 32 1910__ 6 28 8 14 5 34 5 51 5 45 7 00 8 44 7 37 1915. 6 34 8 21 5 37 5 54 5 49 7 07 8 50 7 44 1920.. 6 33 8 19 5 32 5 50 5 47 7 06 8 45 7 43 1925.. 6 29 E. 8 15 E. 5 24 E. 5 44 E. 5 42 E. 7 02 E. 8 37 E. 739 E. Annual change in 1925.. 1'.9 deer. 1'.9 deer. 2 '.5 deer. • 2 '. 2 decr. 2'.0 deer. 1'.8 deer. 2 '.7 deer. 1'.8 deer. Values of magnetic declination, January 1, 1925 County • Station Declina¬ tion, Jan. 1, 1925 Latitude Longi¬ tude Date of last report Adair Kirksville_____ East O / 7 08 O / 40 11.6 O / 92 36. 0 1923. 4 Station of 1882 i... 7 05 Station of 1878 1 ___ 7 02 Andrew___ Savannah___ 8 28 39 57.1 94 49. 8 1923.2 Atchison Rockport___ 9 08 40 24. 6 95 30. 8 1925. 3 Audrain Mexico.... 6 22 39 10.3 91 52.0 1923. 2 Auxiliarv_ 6 25 Station of 1878 i.... 6 10 Barry_ Cassville___ 7 24 36 42.1 93 51.0 1925. 3 Barton_ Lamar___ 8 27 37 29. 5 94 16.3 1923. 1 Bates.. Butler... 7 45 38 15.7 94 19.3 1923. 9 Benton Lincoln L_____ .. 8 21 38 23 93 21 Warsaw ___ .. 7 49 38 15.0 93 22. 0 1922. 9 Station of 1881 1 .... 7 53 Bollinger.. Lutesville 1 _ 4 52 37 18 90 00 Marble Hill ..... 4 59 37 19.0 89 57. 8 1910. 7 Boone. Centralia 1 .... . 6 54 39 12.8 92 08 Columbia_ 6 19 38 56. 2 92 19.4 1922. 9 Station of 1881 1 .. . _ 6 17 Station of 1878 i..... 6 24 Providence 1 ___ 6 32 38 50. 4 92 24. 0 Buchanan_ St. Joseph... 8 06 39 48. 8 94 50. 2 1923. 9 Station of 1879 i... 7 48 Butler_ Poplar Bluff___ _ 5 43 36 43.4 90 24. 3 1923. 2 1 Station of 1880 1 ___ 5 35 Caldwell. Kingston ... 8 10 39 39. 4 94 02 1922. 9 Station of 1882 1 _ 8 14 Smitts Farm 1 _____ 8 37 39 39 94 11 Callaway. Fulton ____ 6 33 38 51 91 57.7 1923. 6 Little Aux-vasse Creek 1 __ 6 45 38 44. 8 92 02. 7 Loomis Farm L _ 6 33 38 57.1 91 50.0 McCredie 1 ___ 6 38 38 57.4 91 55.6 Stephens 1 . 6 27 38 58. 0 92 07. 2 Camden.. Decaturville 1 _ 7 57 37 54 92 43 Linn Creek__ _ 8 17 38 04.1 92 44.1 1923. 2 Auxiliary 1 . .. _ 8 08 38 04 92 45 Auxiliary 2 _ 7 07 38 06 92 41 t Auxiliary 3_ 8 02 38 03 92 43 Auxiliary 4 . . . _ 8 00 38 02 92 42 Auxiliary 5 . _ 7 19 37 59 92 39 Auxiliary 6 . . _ 8 10 38 04 92 49 Auxiliary 7 _ 8 12 38 10 92 49 • Auxiliary 8 _ 8 18 37 58 92 46 Auxiliarv 9 _ 7 50 38 06. 0 93. 03. 0 Station of 1881 L__... 8 00 Observations by Prof. F. E. Nipher. 20 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Values of magnetic declination, January 1, 1925 —Continued i County Cape Girardeau. Gasconade, Gentry. Station Cape Girardeau. Jackson_ Carter Station of 1879 1 __ . Van Buren___ Cass Harrisonville_ Cedar Stockton.. ._ .... . Chariton Keytesville _ Christian Ozark. . __ Clark Kahoka. _ ___ Clay Liberty_ __ Clinton Plattsburg __ _ _ Cole Centertown L ___ Cooper Jefferson City___ Station of 1881 1 __... Station of 1879 1 ___ Marion 1 ____ . ... ... Boonville__ _ __ Crawford Clarks Fork U __ _ Prairie Home 1 _ Cuba ___ . __ Dade Steelville _ Greenfield____ . _ Dallas Buffalo._ . __ Daviess Station of 1881 i_ Gallatin. . ____ _ * Dekalb , Michaels Farm 1 . ... ... . . __ Johnsons Farm 1 __ Dent. Maysville.. _. ._ ... __ ... Station of 1882 1 . __ Union Star.._... ... _ Salem 1 ___ _ Douglas__ Ava... ......._ .... . _ Dunklin . Kennett__ _ __ Franklin _ . Goebels Farm 1 _ _ Greene.. Grundy.. Harrison. Henry.. Hickory. Holt... Howard. I Howell. Gray Summit 1 __ Newport 1 __ Pacific 1 _ Station of 1880 1 _ Roedersville 1 _ Rucks Farm 1 _ Union___ Station of 1881 1 _ Washington 1 _ Station of 1879 1 _ Wulferts Farm 1 _ Bruhns Farm L... Canaan 1 _ Dry Fork 1 _ Hermann_ Albany_ Station of 1882 1 _ Sec. 15, T. 63 N., R. 30 Wk Stanberry__ Auxiliary 1_ Auxiliary 2__ Auxiliary 3..... Springfield_ Station of 1879 1 .. Amicks Farm 1 ... Trenton_ Station of 1882 1 _ Bethany___ Station of 1882 1 . Honans Farm 1 _ Clinton___ Windsor 1 ... Hermitage... Wheatland 1 _ Oregon____ Clarks Farm 1 __ Fayette... Glasgow 1....... Pottles Farm i_._.. Westplains.... Declina¬ tion, Jan. 1,1925 Latitude Longi¬ tude Date of last report East O / O / O / 4 20 37 17.9 89 32. 9 4 16 37 23. 4 89 40. 6 1923.1 7 16 39 21. 2 93 31. 2 1916.8 7 19 6 04 37 00. 5 91 01.1 1908. 7 7 48 38 39. 2 94 20. 5 1923. 2 8 23 37 41. 4 93 49 1923. 3 6 56 39 26. 2 92 56. 0 1923. 2 7 10 37 01.4 93 12.3 1922. 9 5 56 40 25. 4 91 43.2 1923. 0 8 37 39 13.7 94 23. 2 1912. 6 8 43 39 34. 8 94 26. 5 1923. 2 6 30 38 37. 3 92 24. 4 7 09 38 33. 6 92 10.8 1923. 9 7 19 7 23 6 31 38 41. 5 92 21. 9 7 04 38 58.1 92 45. 7 1916. 8 6 25 38 52 92 39 6 34 38 48 92 37 6 10 38 03. 6 91 24. 5 6 05 37 58. 5 91 21.8 1923. 0 7 07 37 24. 7 93 50. 0 1908. 6 7 07 37 38. 4 93 05. 2 1916. 7 7 15 7 52 39 54. 9 93 58. 6 1922. 3 7 46 40 03 93 51 8 38 40 01 94 21 8 23 39 54 94 21. 6 1915. 9 8 23 8 27 39 59 94 36. 4 5 45 37 39 91 31 7 05 36 57. 2 92 39. 4 1923. 9 5 17 36 13.6 90 03. 8 1925. 3 6 23 38 34. 0 91 07.0 5 39 38 29.1 90 49.1 5 44 38 35 91 06 5 35 38 28.‘8 90 44. 0 5 39 38 29. 3 90 44. 2 5 37 38 25. 5 91 12.5 6 36 38 39 91 22.0 5 17 38 27. 4 91 00.6 1916. 6 5 17 5 00 38 33 91 00 4 58 5 45 38 25. 7 91 17.3 5 38 38 37.0 91 32.0 5 59 38 19 91 34 5 47 38 16 91 38 6 22 38 42. 3 91 25 1923. 0 7 01 40 13. 6 94 23. 2 1903. 5 7 29 7 36 40 16 94 16 10 17 40 14 94 31.4 1915.9 9 06 9 11 ♦ 11 31 6 51 37 11 93 14. 6 1922. 3 7 39 7 23 40 13 93 36 7 02 40 05. 2 93 36. 6 1917. 6 7 04 7 47 40 15. 8 94 04 1917. 6 7 44 7 48 40 08 93 54 7 27 38 22. 4 93 46.1 1925. 3 7 48 38 32 93 32 7 49 37 56.1 93 18.4 1916. 7 7 46 37 56. 7 93 24. 0 9 23 39 59. 8 95 09. 8 1923. 7 6 44 39 02 \ 92 55 i 7 17 39 09. 9 92 41.1 1903. 6 7 03 39 13 92 50 6 31 36 56 91 56 6 24 36 43. 5 91 50. 0 1922. 9 1 Observations by Prof. F. E. Nipher. 21 \ MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI Values of magnetic declination, January 1, 1925 —Continued County Station Declina¬ tion, Jan. 1,1925 Latitude Longi¬ tude Date of last report Iron. . _ Arcadia 1 __ _ East o / 5 32 O / 37 35 O / 90 38 * Iron ton__ ... 1 19 37 36. 5 90 37. 7 1923. 3 South Meridian Stone... 1 54 Pilot Knob, base L.__ _ 9 51 37 37 90 37 1880. 5 Pilot Knob, top 1 _ . ___ 2 28 37 37 90 37 1880. 5 Jackson.. ... Independence/_ ... _ 8 34 39 04. 3 94 24.4 1912. 6 Kansas City__ _ 9 11 39 00. 9 94 31. 5 1925. 3 Auxiliary A.. __ _ 9 10 Station of 1900.... 9 01 Station of 1879 1 __ 9 04 Jasper.. Carthage___ 8 01 37 09. 7 94 18.1 1923. 0 Jefferson_ . De Soto 1 ____ 6 25 38 08. 0 90 33. 0 Hillsboro... 5 33 38 14.0 90 34. 0 1912.8 Kimmswick 1 _____ 5 24 38 22. 0 90 21.8 Johnson__ Holden 1 . __ 7 51 38 43. 2 93 59 Swopes Farm 1 __ 7 40 38 53. 8 93 33.1 Warrensburg_ _ 7 40 38 45. 5 93 44. 3 1923. 9 Zimmermans Farm L.... 8 18 38 42 93 32 Knox_ Edina_ 6 44 40 10. 3 92 10. 1 1903. 6 Laclede__ Lebanon___ 6 42 37 41.2 92 39. 5 1909. 5 Station of 1881 1 _ 6 45 Station of 1879 1 __ 6 49 Lafayette_ Lexington.. _ _..._ 7 37 39 12.2 93 51. 8 1903. 5 Station of 1879 1 _ 7 47 Lawrence_ Mount Vernon_ 7 20 37 06. 6 93 48. 6 1905. 4 Lewis... Canton L___ 5 45 40 09 91 32 Monticello_ 6 33 40 07. 1 91 42. 6 1916. 3 Lincoln... Troy. . _ 5 19 38 58. 2 90 59. 8 1923. 3 Linn... Bucklin. ___ 7 05 39 47. 2 92 53. 0 Laclede 1 _;_ 7 08 39 47 93 12 Linne'Us_ ___ 6 55 39 52. 4 93 11. 6 1917. 6 Station of 1882 i___ 6 53 Yellow Creek 1 _ 7 13 39 55 . 93 00 Livingston_ Chillicothe__ 7 11 39 47. 6 93 32. 6 1923. 9 Station of 1879 1 _ 7 20 Wolforts Farm 1 _ 7 40 39 37 93 43 Macon.. Harris Farm 1 _ 6 29 39 53. 8 92 18. 8 La Plata 1 ___ 7 01 40 01. 2 92 29. 8 Lewis Farm 1 __ 6 51 39 49 92 36 Macon _ 6 52 39 44. 8 92 28. 5 1923. 2 Station of 1882 1 _ 6 51 Station of 1878 1 . . 6 43 Mercyville 1 . 7 09 39 58 92 40 Madison_ ... .. Fredericktown_ __ 5 23 37 34. 5 90 19. 3 1922. 9 Maries.. Vienna.. .. _ 6 04 38 11 91 56 1923. 8 Station of 1881 1 6 08 Marion_ Hannibal 1 ..... ... 5 32 39 42 91 22 Palmyra . . _ 6 06 39 47. 8 91 31.7 1900. 8 McDonald.. Pineville.. .. .... 8 29 36 36 94 22. 9 1923. 0 Mercer_ Princeton. .... ... . _ 7 36 40 24. 1 93 36. 8 1923.1 Station of 1882 1 7 42 Miller. Lawsons Farm 1 _ _ 5 53 38 11 92 13 Tuscumbia___ 7 32 38 14. 0 92 27. 3 1924. 4 Station of 1881 1 _ 7 29 Mississippi_ Charleston. .. . .. ____ 4 10 36 55. 7 89 20. 8 1925. 4 Station of 1880 1 4 22 Moniteau__ California __ ... ... ..... 6 35 38 37. 4 92 33. 5 1925. 3 Station of 1881 1 _ 6 39 Monroe.. Long Branch of Salt River 1 _ 6 53 39 21. 5 92 10 . _ .do. 1 6 48 39 20. 2 91 56.9 Paris.. .. _____ 7 02 39 28. 6 91 59. 6 1923. 2 Winklers Farm 1 __ 6 32 39 36. 3 91 59.5 Montgomery Danville 1 ____ 6 30 38 54. 4 91 32. 1 Montgomerv City_ _ 5 55 38 58. 4 91 30. 1 1916.8 Station of 1882 1 5 53 Morgan_ . Soap Creek 1 .. _____ . . _ 7 19 38 17 92 50 Versailles_. . _ 7 09 38 26. 0 92 50. 7 1923. 9 Station of 1881 1 7 18 Versailles North Base___ 6 28 38 29. 6 92 48. 4 1923. 9 New Madrid_ New Madrid__ . .. . 4 26 36 35. 5 89 32. 6 1912. 9 Newton_ Neosho..... 8 45 36 52. 2 94 21. 5 1908. 6 Nodaway__ Maryville. .... . . 9 31 40 21 94 52.3 1924. 4 Station of 1879 1 10 06 Oregon_ ..... Alton____ _ _ __ 5 52 36 41.7 91 25. 7 1924. 0 Thayer ... __ 6 32 36 31. 3 91 32.6 Osage Kaldeweihers Farm 1 _. .... 6 36 38 28 91 43 Linn _ .. ___ . . 6 44 38 28.6 91 50.5 1916. 6 Station of 1882 1 ... __ . 6 29 1 Observations by Prof. F. E. Nipher. 22 t U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Values of magnetic declination, January 1, 1925 —Continued County Station Declina¬ tion, Jan. 1, 1925 Latitude Longi¬ tude Date of last report East o / O / O / Ozark Gainesville__ _ 6 45 36 36. 2 92 26. 0 1917. 3 Pemiscot Caruthersville ... . _ _ 5 05 36 11 89 41. 4 1923. 0 Perry... Perryville _ ... . __ 4 20 37 44. 2 89 54 1922. 9 Wittenberg.. _ . _ 4 28 37 39. 3 89 33. 2 Pettis. Sedalia_ .. . _ 7 41 38 42. 7 93 13.6 1925. 3 Station of 1879 i._ 7 39 Station of 1878 L. 7 57 Phelps Rolla_ ... . __ 5 43 37 57. 2 91 46.4 1923. 9 Pike. .. . Bowling Green. .... 5 36 39 21.1 91 10.9 1903. 6 Louisiana 1 _ _ __ 5 31 39 27 91 03 Platte_ Platte City... . __ 8 10 39 22.1 94 46. 5 1923. 2 Polk Bolivar. _ ._ __ 7 24 37 37. 0 93 23.3 1923. 0 Station of 1881 1 .. 7 23 Voris Farm 1 _ . _ 7 17 37 38 93 11 Pulaski... . Waynesville ____ __ 6 41 37 49. 7 92 10. 5 1923. 3 Station of 1905 _ 6 39 Putnam. Union ville _ . . _ _ 6 45 40 27. 8 93 00.8 1923. 9 Station of 1882 1 _. 6 52 Wards Farm 1 .. .. 7 20 40 27 93 06 Williams Farm 1 7 30 40 27 93 19 Ralls. New London__ . . .. _ 5 44 39 34. 4 91 24.6 1922. 9 Randolph_ Huntsville .. .... 6 27 39 26.2 92 32. 6 1923. 3 Moberly 1 . _ .. __ 6 33 39 26 92 26 Ray. Lawson. . . . 8 57 39 26. 2 94 12.2 Richmond _ _ . _ _ 7 26 39 15.9 93 58.3 1912. 6 Reynolds. _ Centerville.. .. _ 5 56 37 26. 5 90 56. 5 1908. 7 Riplev_ Doniphan... . . __ . __ 5 54 36 37 90 49. 6 1923. 5 Station of 1880 1 5 57 Gatewood 1 _ ..... ... 6 04 36 35 91 07 Saint Chaides.. Dardenne 1 ... .. __ 5 09 38 46. 0 90 44. 7 Healdg Farm 1 _____ 5 26 38 45. 3 90 42. 3 O'Falion 1 .. ...__ 5 17 38 48. 5 90 42. 0 Saint Clair. Osceola . _____________ .. _ 7 45 38 02. 9 93 40. 4 1922. 9 Sainte Genevieve_ Sainte Genevieve .... __ 4 39 37 58. 3 90 04. 0 1923. 3 Saint Francois_ Farmington 4 37 37 46. 6 90 24. 8 1922. 9 Saint Louis Clayton 1 _ . 4 40 38 41 90 19 Florissant 1 _. _ .... ... ._ 5 12 38 47 90 20 Kirkwood 1 5 04 38 36 90 24 Pattonville 1 .. . 4 31 38 44. 2 90 23. 8 Rock Road 1 _ i__ _ 4 48 38 41 90 21 St. Charles 1 _ 5 56 38 44 90 31 Ten-mile House 1 _ ... 5 24 38 36. 3 90 22. 9 University City _ .. . _. 4 54 38 38. 6 90 17. 8 1921. 7 Saint Louis City. 4 54 38 38. 4 90 16.0 1915. 5 Station of 1886 5 08 Saline Arrow Rock 1 . _ ._ 6 54 39 02.8 92 56. 0 Herndon 1 _ . . . ... - 7 55 39 00. 2 93 15.7 Marshall _ _ ... . ... 7 42 39 05. 7 93 11. 1 1916.8 Station of 1881 L 7 32 Sweet Springs 1 __ 8 24 38 55 93 29 Schuvler .. Lancaster. . . ........ 7 17 40 30. 9 92 31.4 1923. 9 Scotland . Memphis .. ___________ 6 10 40 27. 6 92 10. 3 1922. 9 Station of 1878 1 . . 6 16 Scott.. Benton __ 4 42 37 06. 0 89 34. 0 1908. 7 Shannon ... _ Eminence .. .. .. 6 15 37 09. 2 91 21.5 1923. 2 Shelby.. Shelby ville_ . ... __ 6 28 39 48. 8 92 03. 2 1923. 0 Station of 1882 L 6 33 Stoddard .. _ Bloomfield. ... 7 18 36 53. 0 89 55.9 1923. 7 Auxiliary A.. .. 7 19 Auxiliary 1_ 7 23 36 51. 2 89 56. 0 Auxiliary 2_. .... _ 6 27 36 53. 1 89 58. 8 Auxiliary 3__ 6 11 36 51. 7 89 51.4 Auxiliary 4_... _ ... _ 6 41 36 56. 5 89 57. 0 Auxiliary 5 _ _ .. 6 57. 36 47. 6 89 57. 1 Auxiliary 6 . . . 5 07 36 51.3 89. 47. 4 Auxiliary 7. __ _ 5 04 36 54. 1 89 47. 3 Auxiliary 8 . 5 35 36 59.8 90 00. 9 Auxiliary 9.. ... . . 5 53 36 40. 0 89 57.8 Stone .. _ . Galena ... . _ __ 6 41 36 48. 2 93 28.4 1908. 6 Sullivan.. _ Bankes Farm 1 7 32 40 19 93 03 Milan_ ...... . 7 16 40 11.8 93 07. 5 1923. 2 Station of 1882 L 7 12 Sticlclerville 1 ___ 7 46 40 09 92 55 1 Observations by Prof. F. E. Nipher. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 23 Values of magnetic declination, January 1, 1925 —Continued County Station Declina¬ tion, Jan. 1925 Latitude Longi¬ tude Date of last report East O / O / O / Taney__ Forsyth__ __ 5 58 36 41. 6 93 05. 9 1923. 4 Auxiliary A.. 6 01 Auxiliary 1.. ... 6 44 36 39. 6 93 07. 5 Auxiliary 2__ 6 58 36 40. 6 93 01. 7 Auxiliary 3_ 7 02 36 37.4 93 10.0 Auxiliary 4... 6 51 36 44. 2 93 02. 1 Auxiliary 5__.... 7 31 36 43. 9 93 11.7 Texas... Houston.. __ __ 6 29 37 19.6 91 57.5 1923. 0 Station of 1880 1 ... 6 33 Vernon.. Nevada__ _ 8 15 37 52.4 94 21. 5 1923. 2 Schell City 1 ... 8 07 38 02 94 05 Warren__ Warrenton_ _ 5 24 38 48. 6 91 08. 5 1923. 2 Station of 1882 1 __ 5 20 Station of 1881 1 ___ 5 26 Wright City 1 __ 6 43 38 49. 6 91 01.0 Washington.. . .. . Potosi____ 5 44 37 56. 4 90 47. 6 1923. 9 Station of 1890.... 5 27 Wayne... Greenville._____ 5 42 37 06. 7 90 26. 3 1905. 4 Piedmont 1 ..... .. 6 10 37 08 90 41 Webster. ... Marshfield___ 7 02 37 20 92 54 1923. 7 Worth... Grant City_ __ 8 37 40 30 94 25. 7 1912. 6 Wright .. Hartville___ 7 39 37 15.3 92 28. 9 1908. 6 1 Observations by Prof. F. E. Nipher. DESCRIPTIONS OF STATIONS 1 Adair County , Kirksville.— The station is about ^ of a mile south from the center of the town in the southwest corner of the pasture on the west side of the yard of the dwelling house on the normal school experiment farm. It is 75.5 feet east from the west pasture fence and 82 feet north of the south pasture fence. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, projecting 2 inches above the ground, and having a bronze disk in the top. The following true bearings were determined: O / Top of courthouse cupola (mark)_ 0 53. 1 W. of N. Top of south edge of cupola of the next house west of the Grimm Hospital_ 11 54. 4 E. of N. Andrew County , Savannah. —The station is in the northwest corner of the high- school grounds, about 34 mile northwest of the town’s center. It is just south of a group of trees, 47.5 feet southwest of the most easterly tree, 72 feet south¬ east of the tree on the corner, and 63.2 feet from the fence on the west. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, with a brass plate in the top, which projects 1 inch above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: Spire on round cupola of Mr. Lauder’s residence (mark)_ 50 51. 9 E. of N. Cross on Catholic Church spire_ 75 42. 8 E. of S. East edge of east chimney on high-school building_ 18 52. 1 E. of S. East gable of Rev. J. S. Kirby’s house_ 79 03. 4 W. of N. A granite post 5 by 5 by 14 inches, with a quarter-inch hole in the top, was set 303.5 feet south of the magnetic station to mark the true meridian. According to information received, this stone has been removed and set again in cement 537 feet north of the magnetic station, on the line of the former meridian. From it an 18-inch maple bears S. 70° 45' E., 9 feet, and an 18-inch maple bears N. 72° 30' W., 42 feet. 1 This list of stations includes only those of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The descriptions of the stations of Prof. F. E. Nipher were published in the Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences from 1880 to 1884. They were in most cases sufficiently complete and definite to allow the general locality of the observations to be recovered, but with a few exceptions they were not marked in permanent fashion. The stations of D. W. Eaton in Morgan County were usually described by reference to the lines of the public land survey and were unmarked except where they occurred at section corners. Such information as is available in regard to the stations of Nipher or Eaton will be furnished by the Coast and Geodetic Survey to any one interested in them. 24 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Atchison County, Rockport. —The station is in the city park, about 34 mile southeast of the town’s center. It is 50 feet from a small log cabin on the west and 134 feet west of a row of trees along the west side of the race track. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, projecting about 4 inches above the ground and having a brass plate in the top. The following true bearings were determined: West gable of Mr. Andremann’s residence, on hill north of park_ 18 13. 9 E. of N. East gable of barn across stream_49 11. 8 W. of N. Southeast corner of a barn, near ground_ 60 46. 3 E. of N. Audrain County , Mexico. —The station is about % of a mile east of the pub¬ lic square, on the grounds of the Missouri Military Academy. It is 260.5 feet north from the northwest corner of the north dormitory, 52.6 feet west from the west fence of the football field, about 87.5 feet east from the southeast shore of the pond, and 123.9 feet north from the northwest corner of the gymnasium. It is marked by a stone 6 inches square on top, and is lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.” The following true bearings were determined: o / East gable on roof of house at 1020 East Jackson Street (mark) 71 01.0 W. of S. South gable of the house on the farm to the north side of the academy grounds_ 20 30. 9 W. of N. Point of west gable of annex for dormitory_ 44 06. 0 E. of N. A concrete post 5 by 5 by 26 inches was set 182 feet north of the magnetic sta¬ tion at the northeast corner of the pond to mark the meridian. It is 4.65 feet west from the center of the trunk of a small tree. The auxiliary station was about 300 feet southwest from the magnetic station. Barry County, Cassville. —The station is in the southeastern corner of the school grounds. It is marked by a limestone post, 4 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting about 1 inch above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1905.” The following true bearing was determined: o t Cumberland Presbyterian Church spire (mark)_ 50 19. 1 E. of S. Barton County, Lamar. —The station is on the grounds of the Lamar College, northwest of the main building. It is 69.8 feet from the west line of the campus, 92.3 feet from the north line of the campus, and 73.3 feet from the northwest corner of the main building. The station is marked by a Carthage marble post, 6 by 6 by 30 inches, sunk flush with the surface of the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1905.” The following true bearing was determined: o / St. Mary’s Catholic Church spire (mark)_,_ 87 30. 1 W. of N. Bates County, Butler. —The station is in the southeast corner of the grounds around the Franklin, or East, school, about 34 mile east of the center of the town. It is 47.3 feet north of the fence line on the south, 61.4 feet west of the fence line on the east, and 181.8 feet southeast of the southeast corner of the school building. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting 9 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1908.” The marking stone is reported to be slightly out of position, leaning to the west. The following true bearings were determined: Northeast corner of school building, just above stone founda- ° ' tion (mark)___45 12. 6 W. of N. Southwest edge of school building, just under roof, on bricks__ 65 21. 1 W. of N. Benton County, Warsaw. —The station was in the central part of the city park, near the southwest corner of the baseball field, and about mile northeast from the town’s center. It is about 400 feet west from the east park fence, 178.5 feet and 135.8 feet from two oak trees. The marking stone has been removed. Bollinger County, Marble Hill. —The station is in the eastern part of the south¬ ern part of the field surrounding the Marble Hill College, south of the main build¬ ing and about 34 mile northwest of the town’s center. It is 83.3 feet west of the fence bounding this field on the east and 121.4 feet north of the fence bounding the field on the south. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 14 inches, resting on a solid ledge of rock and projecting 2 inches above ground. The top MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 25 of the post is lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1910.” The following true bearings were determined: o / Spire of Methodist Church at Lutesville (mark)_ 33 28. 0 W. of S. West rod at top of cupola of Baptist Church at Marble Hill_ 37 56. 6 E. of S. North rod at top of cupola of county courthouse_ 63 43. 5 E. of S. Tower of southwest corner of dormitory_ 36 43. 7 W. of N . Boone County, Columbia. —The station is in the northern part of the grounds of the State experimental farm, about 1 mile south of the town’s center. It is in the second inclosed field south from the Rollins athletic field, on a hill about 1,500 feet south from the university gymnasium. It is 192 feet east from the west fence of the field, 290.5 feet a little east of south from the southeast corner of the fence surrounding the sixth hole of the university golf links, 44 feet a little south of east from the center of the trunk of a black walnut tree, and 125.5 feet west from the fence on the line between ranges 12 and 13. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting 7 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: o / South gable of university gymnasium (mark)_ 1 56. 2 E. of N. West gable of the university library_ 4 41. 0 W. of N. Top of tower of main university building_ 14 00. 6 W. of N. East gable of a fraternity building_ 48 08. 9 W. of N. Buchanan County, St. Joseph. —The station is in a pasture on the county farm, about 6 miles northeast of the town’s center. The pasture is just west of the road leading to the main building. The station is 40 feet north of a large oak tree, 82 feet west of the fence along the road, and 149 feet southwest of the south gatepost at northeast corner of pasture. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, lettered “U. S., 1912,” and projecting 2 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O / East gable of a house on hill_ 20 50. 0 W. of N. Southwest corner of brick house at county farm_ 25 31. 8 E. of N. Left edge of left small brick chimney on county farm building_ 53 49.4 E. of N. Northeast corner of house on hill_ 63 20. 9 W. of N. Right edge of small brick building near northeast corner of pond_ 53 20. 6 W. of N. Butler County, Poplar Bluff. —The station is in the northwestern part of the reservation for the new county fairgrounds, about 1% miles south from the town’s center. It is 33.8 feet north from the trunk of a tree blazed on the west side and with three nails driven about 5 feet above the ground on tile north side and marked “B. M. 100.0.” It is also 76.9 feet east from an iron pipe which marks the southwest corner of the SE. 34 of the SW. 34 of section 10. It is marked by a limestone post 7 by 5 by 30 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting about 4 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: o t Top of courthouse cupola (mark)_ 26 30.5 E. of N. Center of top of smokestack of planing mill,-__31 22.4 E. of N. Top of Iron Mountain Railroad water tank near the round¬ house_ 24 20.8 E. of N. Northwest edge of railroad roundhouse under eave of roof_ 23 39.2 E. of N. Caldwell County, Kingston. —The station was about 34 mile northeast from the center of the town near the top of a low hill north of the central part of a pasture, which belongs to S. C. Rogers, and on the north side of the cemetery. The marking stone has been removed. Callaway County, Fulton. —The station is in the northwestern part of the athletic field of the Westminster College, about 24 m de northwest from the town’s center and northwest from the football field. It is 108.5 feet east from the board fence on the west side of the grounds and 99 feet south from the board fence on the north side of the grounds. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 26 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 7 by 24 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting about 1 inch above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: o / South gable of a brown house (mark)_21 53.7 E. of N. Center of northwest corner of south or main college building._ 58 18.0 E. of S. Center of southwest corner of north college building._ 75 08.8 E. of S. Camden County, Linn Creek. —The station is on the side of a hill east of the Moulder Hotel and near the southeast corner of the cemetery, about 34 mile southeast from the town’s center. It is 54.2 feet south from the south cemetery fence and 11 feet southwest from the southeast corner of the cemetery. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 5 by 26 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, which is about 3 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: o / Top of monument to Mrs. T. H. B. Moulder (mark)_ 89 23.1 W. of S. Center of the Masonic sign on monument to Andrew L. Wat¬ son_ 77 09.1 W. of S. Top of monument to Asa C. Ellis_ 70 26.9 W. of N. Nine auxiliary stations were also occupied. Station No. 1 is in the north¬ ern part of Linn Creek baseball grounds, about 34 mile a little south of west from the principal station. No. 2 is at Damsel, in the center of an open space, about 300 feet northeast from the general store, and is about 4 miles northeast from the principal station. No. 3 is 1 mile southeast from the .principal station, in the center of a fenced triangle of land, known as the Turn Table, at the southeast edge of the turn, along the road to Hugo. No. 4 is about halfway between Linn Creek and Hugo in the southeastern part of an open space on the east side of the road and about 1 mile southeast from the Hall School. It is about 334 miles southeast from the principal station. No. 5 is at Hugo, in an open space on the east side of the road to Linn Creek, and about 100 feet northwest from the schoolhouse. It is 7 miles southeast from the principal station. No. 6 is at Arnholt’s Mill, in the western part of a pasture, about 300 feet southeast from the old mill building, on the north side of the road to Linn Creek, through an iron gate with concrete gate posts. It is 334 miles a little south of west from the principal station. No. 7 is at Purvis, in the center of a field on the south side of the road to Linn Creek, about 400 feet southwest from the school- house and across the road from an unoccupied store building. It is 624 miles northwest from the principal station. No. 8 is at Hahatonka, in the northwest¬ ern part of an orchard on the south side of the road to Linn Creek, about 500 feet southwest from the post office and 6 miles south from the principal station. No. 9 is at Climax Springs, in the center of an open space on the west side of the road running south from town, about 150 feet east from the cement-lined spring and about 300 feet southeast from the Commercial Hotel. It is 25 miles west from the principal station. Cape Girardeau County, Cape Girardeau. —The magnetic station was identical with the astronomic station. Cape Girardeau County, Jackson. —The station is in the northwest corner of the ground surrounding the Jackson Military Academy, about 1,200 feet south¬ west of the courthouse. It is 176.2 feet northwest of the nearest point on the academy flagpole and 182.3 feet north-northwest of the northwest corner of the academy building. It is marked by a Bedford limestone post 5 by 5 by 30 inches, projecting about 934 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S., 1908.” The stone is reported to have been moved. The following true bearings were deter¬ mined : O / Pestle in mortar sign on cupola over S. E. Wood’s drug store. 23 40.8 E. of N. Spire of First Presbyterian Church_ 9 20.9 W.of N. Courthouse cupola_ 40 31.4 E. of N. Southeast corner of Judge Miller’s residence, under eave of roof_ 47 47.9 W. of N. West point at top of roof of M. E. Church South_61 57.5 E. of N. Carroll County, Carrollton. —The station is in the northwest corner of the city park, about % mile northwest from the town’s center. It is 88.2 feet east from the west park fence and 144.3 feet south from the north park fence. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 5 by 26 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, project- MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 27 ing about 4 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were deter¬ mined : o / South gable of a farmhouse (mark)___ 19 17. 8 E. of N. Upper northwest corner of the house across the road from the southeast corner of the park_51 57. 4 E. of S. Southeast edge of upper iron band of the brick kiln_ 40 04. 5 W. of S. Carter County, Van Buren. —The station is on the west slope of the hill on the property of Mrs. Carter, about 1,500 feet east of the center of the town. It is just south of the road running east from the northeast corner of the courthouse square, about 1,200 feet from that corner. It is 92.5 feet south of the fence on the north side of the road and 67.7 feet east of the last inclosed field on the south side of the road. The station is marked by a white glass quart bottle, with the neck about 3 inches below the surface of the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O f Rod on steeple of Baptist Church (mark)_ 59 34. 4 W. of N. Methodist Church steeple_ 75 31. 7 W. of S. South point on gable of livery and feed stable_ 84 09. 9 W. of N. Cass County, Harrisonville. —The station is in the southwest corner of the high-school grounds, 7 feet from the south side and 43 feet from the west side of the grounds. It is marked by a white limestone post 6 inches square on top and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.,” extending 2 inches above the ground. A hole in the top marks the center. The following true bearings were determined: Southeast corner, near ground, of frame house of William ° Crosswhite (mark)_ 47 30. 3 Northwest corner of brick house of Frank Chilton_78 11. 7 Northwest corner of school foundation_41 19. 9 Southwest corner of school foundation_53 17. 9 W. of S. W. of S. E. of N. E. of N. Cedar County, Stockton. —The station is in the northeastern corner of the pasture belonging to the county poor farm, about lj34 miles southwest from the town’s center. This pasture is the fourth field from the front yard of the brick building on the poor farm. It is 84 feet west from the northwest corner of the field to the southeast and 163 feet south from the north pasture fence along the road to Stockton. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 5 by 27 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, wihch projects about 4 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: Upper northwest corner, under roof of brick building on ° county poor farm (mark)_89 15. 3 E. of N. Upper southwest corner, under roof of wooden building on county poor farm_ 86 33. 9 E. of S. East gable of a farmhouse_ 12 40. 3 W. of N. Chariton County, Keytesville. —The station is in the southeast corner of the grounds surrounding the high school. It is 120.2 feet west of the fence along the sidewalk to the east across the road and 237.6 feet a little east of south of the southeast corner of the high-school building. It is also 44.6 feet southeast of the center of the trunk of a tree about 334 feet in diameter. The station is marked by a sandstone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting about 7 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1908,” on the south side. A hole in the top marks the center. The following true bearings were determined: Southwest corner of school building just above stone founda- ° ' tion on bricks (mark)_ 19 02.9 W. of N. Northeast corner, just under roof, of J. W. Agee’s house_41 41.8 W. of N. East gable point on the roof of the Whitesides House_63 13.0 W. of S. Base of spire on cupola of high school_ 9 36.2 W. of N. Christian County, Ozark. —The station was south of the central part of the city lot, which was at one time the old public square and which is now the northern part of the town park. It was about 34 of a mile northwest of the center of the town. The marking stone is reported to have been removed. Clark County, Kahoka. —The station is near the southeast corner of the court¬ house yard, 34 mile northeast of the town’s center. It is 151.2 feet southeast of the southeast corner of the courthouse, 71.4 feet north of the cement walk across 28 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY the street to the south, and 89 feet west of the cement walk across the street to the east. It is marked by a marble post 6 by 6 inches, projecting 6 inches above ground, and center marked by a Geological Survey bronze disk showing elevation. The following true bearings were determined: Southwest corner of brick mill_ 12 16.3 E. of N. Left edge of iron post at corner of Exchange Bank_ 89 59.0 W. of N. Right edge of Exchange Bank_ 82 39.9 W. of N. East gable of Presbyterian Church_ 65 10.4 W. of N. A similar stone 297.1 feet to the north marks the true meridian. The north stone is 10 feet south of a row of posts and 6 feet north of a tree about on the meridian line. Clay County, Liberty. —The station is near the southeast corner of a large pas¬ ture belonging to Silas Conway, about 1 mile east and }mile south of the town’s center. It is 49 feet east of the east foundation of the ruins of an old brick house, 94 feet northwest of a large sycamore tree which is at the junction of a rail and wire fence, 211 feet west and a little north from the southeast corner of the pasture, 188 feet west of a wire fence, and 175 feet southwest of a spring on the cliff south of Rush Creek. It is between Rush Creek and a ravine, on a hill which extends toward the southeast from the station. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting 6 inches above the ground and having a brass plate in the top. The following true bearings were deter¬ mined : O / Center of pillar farthest to left on dormitory at the college_ 60 35.9 W. of N. South gable of a two-story house across valley_ 7 57.5 E. of N. South gable of Mr. Robeson’s house on hill_ 53 48.8 E. of N. West gable of Mrs. Musbach’s house in valley_ 79 46.5 E. of NY Right edge of Jewell Hall’at the college_ 65 54.8 W. of N. Clinton County, Plattsburg. —The station was about 1 mile north of town on the property of Mrs. Anna P. Vance. It was 206.7 feet from the east fence, 108.1 feet from the west hedge fence, and 386.2 feet from the southwest corner of Mrs. A. P. Vance’s brick house. The marking stone is reported to have been removed. Cole County, Jefferson City. —The station is in the southwestern part of the infield within the race track at Houchin’s Park, which is owned by J. A. Houchin, and is about 13d> miles south from the town’s center. It is 101 feet northwest and 198.5 feet northeast from the inside fence of the race track. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 7 by 30 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, pro¬ jecting about 5 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: Southwest gable of the carriage house (mark)_ 16 49. 3 E. of N. East lightning rod on largest stable_ 22 27. 4 E. of N. Top of band stand at the race track_ 4 23. 2 W. of N. Top of judge’s stand at the race track_ 12 30. 8 W. of N. A limestone post about 444 feet distant with a cross in the top projecting about 5 inches above the ground marks the north end of a meridian line. It is 84.6 feet northeast from the north corner of the band stand. Cooper County, Boonville. —The station is in the central part of Harley Park near the top of a ridge extending east and west, about 1 mile west from the town’s center. It is 53.7 feet north from a horizontal row of enameled brads about 3 feet above the ground in the trunk of a large tree, 75.2 feet a little north of east from a vertical row of enameled brads about 3 feet above the ground in the trunk of a large tree, and about 470 feet southwest from a small Indian mound on the east end of the ridge. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 5 by 27 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting about 3 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: o r Top of Evangelical Church steeple (mark)_81 46. 1 E. of N. Cross on Episcopal Church steeple_ 79 34. 8 E. of N. Top of the water tower at the training school_ 83 00. 8 E. of N. Top of the training-school cupola_ 83 30. 5 E. of N. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 29 Crawford County, Steelville. —The station was in the public school grounds, 86.8 feet from the north fence, 110.1 feet from the east fence, and 126.9 feet from the northwest corner of the school building. The marking stone is reported to have been removed. Dade County, Greenfield.— The station is in the northern part of the ground surrounding the public school and about ^ of a mile northeast of the center of the town. It is 27 feet south of a hedge on the northern boundary of the grounds, 86 feet west of a hedge on the eastern boundary, and 204 feet a little east of north from the northwest corner of the northern extension of the school building. It is also 58.1 feet east of the center of the trunk of the only tree in the northwest corner of the ground. The station is marked by a white glass bottle, 6 by 13 inches, with the neck 2 inches below the surface of the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O / Cupola on Presbyterian Church (mark)_67 16. 1 W. of S. Northwest corner of northern extension of school building, just above foundation_ 5 28. 5 W. of S. Center of sector-shaped front piece on roof of opera house 42 14. 0 W. of S. Dallas County, Buffalo. —The station is in the northern part of a piece of ground known as the Reunion ground, at the south end of the street on the west side of the courthouse, and about }/i mile southeast from the town’s center. It is 124.7 feet south from the north fence of the ground and 84.2 feet northwest from a rectangular blaze about 3 feet above the ground in the trunk of a large oak tree. A nail is driven above the blaze. It is marked by a rough limestone rock 3 by 5 by 16 inches, with a cross cut in the top, which projects about 1 inch above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O / Top of courthouse cupola (mark)_ 3 07. 1 W. of N. Top of east gable of house at southeast corner where road on west side of courthouse meets Reunion ground_61 19. 0 W. of N. Southwest corner of Buffalo cafe, under roof_ 3 27. 6 W. of N. Daviess County, Gallatin. —The station is at the north end of a large orchard on the property of Frank Woodruff, about 13^2 miles west of the town. It is in the southeastern corner of the Woodruff property and 143.6 feet from the south fence and about 1,200 feet from the road to town. It is just west of a bog and 268.5 feet southwest of a well. The station is marked by a sandstone post, which is 7 inches square oh top, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.,” with a hole in its center. The following true bearing was determined: O f Pole on the standpipe_ 78 49. 6 E. of N. Dekalb County, Maysville. —The station is near the south edge of the high- school grounds, just west of the center of the town. It is 37.4 feet north of the cement walk on the south side of the grounds, 28.6 feet east of the cement walk leading to the school building, 148 feet south of the southeast corner of the building, and directly in line with the east side of the building. It is marked by a cement post 12 by 12 by 20 inches, with a bronze disk projecting 1 inch above ground. The following true bearings were determined: O / Chimney on distant house (mark)_.8 33. 3 W. of S. Lower southwest corner of high school_23 15. 7 W. of N. Lower southeast corner of high school_ 0 23. 3 E. of N. High-school cupola___ 12 09.5 W. ofiN Dekalb County, Union Star. —The station is on the high-school grounds, a little north of the town’s center. It is 115 feet east of the cement walk leading up to the high-school building, 205 feet southeast of the southeast corner of the same building, and 54.5 feet west of the fence on the east. The station is not marked. Douglas County, Ava— The station is in the northwestern corner of the baseball grounds, immediately east of the picnic grounds, and about 3^ mile a little south of west from the center of the town. The ground is owned by Messrs. Williams and Pettit. The station is 98 feet east of the fence on the west and 193 feet south of the fence on the north side of the baseball grounds. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting about 8 inches above 30 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1908.” The following true bearings were determined: Base of flagstaff on cupola of high school (mark)_ 70 37. 4 E. of N. Spire on Methodist Church_ 67 58. 9 E. of S. Upper northwest corner of courthouse_ 79 01. 7 E. of S. Dunklin County, Kennett. —The station is in the northwestern corner of the infield within the race track at the county fair grounds, about 1 mile south from th§ town’s center. It is 79.9 feet south from the north side of the fence on the inside of the race track and 123.5 feet east from the curve at the northwest corner of the same fence. It is marked by a limestone post 7 by 5 by 33 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, which projects about 3 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: ° ' Top of town water tank (mark)_45 17. 5 E. of N. Upper southwest corner of Floral Hall, under eave of roof_16 19. 2 E. of S. South gable of a barn across the road to the north_21 29. 8 E. of N. A cement block 6 by 6 by 15 inches, with a cross cut in the top, setting flush with the ground, marks the south meridian point, which is about 320 feet distant, 24 feet north from the inside fence of the race track, and 147.2 feet a little south of west from the center of a telephone pole about 0.9 foot in diameter. Franklin County, Union. —The station is in the northeastern part of the grounds of the new county poor farm, about z /i mile northwest from the town’s center. It is 62.8 feet south from the north boundary fence of the grounds and 208.6 feet northwest from the northeast corner of the foundation of the poor-farm building. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 7 by 30 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting about 6 inches above ground. The following true bear¬ ings were determined: o / Top of Rock Island Railroad water tank (mark)_81 08. 9 E. of N. West gable of Rock Island Railroad depot_ 83 15. 4 E. of N. Lower southwest corner of Hambro factory of Hamilton Brown Shoe Co_ 81 58. 9 E. of N. Lower northeast corner of foundation of county poor-farm building_ 38 25. 0 E. of S Gasconade County, Hermann. —The station is on Blusts Hill, southeast of the de¬ pot. on land owned by the city. It is 56 feet south of the fence running east and west across the hill and is marked by a gray limestone post 6 inches square on top and lettered “ U. S. C. & G. S.” (the lettering gone except U), extending 4 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: Courthouse spire (mark)_,_ 62 34.2 W. of N. Pole (tree) on distant ridge_21 17.2 W. of N. Flagstaff of Stone Hill Wine Co_ 58 14.8 W. of S. Catholic Church cross_ 87 51.7 W. of S. Spire of Methodist Church_ 70 03.6 W. of N. Gentry County, Albany. —The station is in the southwestern part of the grounds of the old Central Christian College. It is 141 feet from the west fence, 134.2 feet from the south fence, and 160.3 feet from the southwest corner of the college building. It is marked by a sandstone with a drill hole in the center of its top, which is lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1903,” and is sunk 3 inches below the surface of the ground. The following true bearings were determined: Southwest corner of the college building_ 10 00.0 E. of N. North edge of chimney on house of E. L. McCurry_ 88 32.6 E. of N. Gentry County, Stanberry. —The station is near the northwest corner of the high- school grounds, 3^ mile north of the town’s center. It is in line with the row of trees on the north side of the grounds, 23 feet west of the line of the west side of the high school produced northward, 96.9 feet northwest of the northwest cor¬ ner of the high school, 48.8 feet east of the cement walk on the west side of the grounds, and 62.6 feet south of the brick walk across the street to the north. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 31 The station is marked by a cement post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, with a cross cut in the top and set flush with the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O / North gable of Methodist Episcopal Church_ 0 00.5 E. of S. Flagpole on cupola of high school_*_ 8 13.0 E. of S. Northeast corner of high-school basement_ 45 06.7 E. of S. East gable of a house-- 50 59.0 W. of N. Auxiliary station No. 1 was in a pasture 3 miles east and 34 mile south of the primary station, No. 2 was in a pasture 3 miles south and 134 miles west of it, and No. 3 was in a pasture 3 miles north and z /i mile west of it. Greene County, Springfield. —The station is in the extreme northeast section of the national cemetery, which is about 334 miles southeast of the square in the south side of town. It is 68 feet from the fence on the north, 90 feet from the fence on the east, and 45 feet from the stone wall on the west. The station is marked by a hard limestone post with a brass marker in the top, 7 by 7 by 27 inches, sunk flush with the surface of the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O / North gable of barn 34 mile away_89 17.6 E. of S. West gable of barn 34 mile away_ 80 49.4 E. of S. Southwest edge of house 300 feet away_ 46 34.1 W. of N. Northeast brick corner of superintendent’s lodge, under cornice. 85 32.9 W. of N. Southeast edge of base of Confederate Monument just over top of stone wall_ 26 57.1 W. of S. Grundy County, Trenton. —The station is in the southwestern part of the infield within the race track at the county fairgrounds, about 134 miles north of the center of the town. It is 162 feet east of the inside fence surrounding the race track, 108 feet southeast of the southeast corner of the fence surrounding the judges’ stand, and about 280 feet northwest from a pond. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 28 inches, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1917,” on top, and projecting about 4 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: o / Top of Third Ward school cupola (mark)_ 86 06.6 W. of S. Top of United Brethren Church steeple_83 17.8 W. of S. Top of roof of octagonal exhibition building_ 4 31.5 W. of N. Center of top smokestack of the Rock Island Railroad shops-_ 15 39.4 W. of S. Harrison County, Bethany. —The station is about 1 mile southwest of the center of the town at the county fairgrounds in the northern part of the infield within the race track. It is 130.1 feet south from the inside fence surrounding the race track and 207.1 feet southeast from the nearest point of the judges’ stand. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, which projects about 5 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: West gable of ticket office at north gate (mark)_ 28 28.9 E. of N. West gable of sheep and hog barn_63 17.4 E. of N. Point of south gable of cattle barn_ 77 50.7 E. of N. Cupola of the Webster school_ 16 11.9 E. of N. Henry County, Clinton. —The station was in the park at White Sulphur Springs, in the northern part of the grounds, about 330 feet north of the drive to the Springs Hotel and 33 feet west of the road to the hitching ground. It was 80.5 feet southeast of a white-oak tree and 73.5 feet a little north of east from a second tree. The station marker is reported to have been removed. Hickory County, Hermitage. —The station is in the southeastern part of the infield within the race track at the old county fairgrounds, about 34 mile south¬ east from the town’s center. It is about 270 feet from the inside edge of the race track to the east and 159 feet from the same to the south. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 5 by 24 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting about 3 inches above the ground. 32 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY The following true bearings were determined: O / Top of schoolhouse cupola (mark)_31 41.7 W. of N. East gable of the Wilson Hotel_43 18.2 W. of N. Top of a monument in cemetery_ 84 35.4 E. of N. A rough field stone 7 by 8 by 18 inches was set about 192 feet distant, with a cross in the top, projecting 1 inch above the ground, to mark the north end of a meridian line. It is 100 feet south from the north fence of the grounds and about 150 feet from the inside edge of the race track to the east. Holt County , Oregon. —The station is in the city park, about mile north of the town’s center. It is in the northwest corner of the park on the hill, 104 feet east of the west fence, 293 feet south of the north fence, 328 feet from the north¬ west corner of the grounds, and 50 feet northeast of a large oak tree. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, projecting 2 inches above the ground, and having a brass plate in the top. The following true bearings were determined: O / Spire on cupola of A. H. Bailey’s barn_45 20.8 E. of N. Spire on cupola of A. H. Bailey’s corn shed_47 13.9 E. of N. West edge of west brick chimney on Mrs. Spoerle’s house on hill_36 58.6 W. of S. North gable of Lee Green’s house on hillside_42 34.4 W. of S. North edge of north brick chimney on Philip Rush’s house_88 18.0 W. of S. Howard County, Fayette. —The station is on the grounds of Central College, which is situated on the hill in the northern part of town. It is 284 feet almost directly north of the northeast corner of Science Hall. It is marked by a limestone post 6 inches square on top, which projects 3 inches above the ground and is lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1903.” A hole in the top marks the center. The following true bearing was determined: o t North point of the roof of Howard Payne College_37 16.8 E. of S. Howell County, Westplains. —The station is in the southwest corner of the college campus, which is about % mile due east of the courthouse and town. It is 53 feet from the wire fence on the west and 51.2 feet from the wire fence on the south. It is also 57 feet from a stump to the south. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 30 inches long and about 8 inches square, with top below the surface of the ground and lettered “ U. S. C. & G. S., 1905.” Iron County, Fronton. —Declination observations were made at both ends of the meridian line which was established in a field belonging to the Pilot Knob Car & Steel Co., about 100 yards northeast of the depot of the St. Louis, Iron Moun¬ tain & Southern Railroad. Both stones of the meridian line are reported to have been removed. Jackson County, Independence. —The station is on the fairgrounds, about 1 mile south and ^ mile east of the town’s center. It is within the race course near the center and near the south bank of a small brook. It is about 100 feet south of the pumping station (small pump house for fairgrounds), and about in line with the pump house and the cement curbstone of the well. It is 28 feet south of the edge of the bank, 53 feet south of a large tree on the north bank, about 400 feet northeast of the grand stand, and 253 feet east of the fence around the inner edge of the race track. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 24 ipches, set flush with the ground and having a brass plate in the top. The following true bearings were determined: > o t Right edge of chimney on bungalow w r est of fairgrounds (mark) _ 78 20. 0 W. of S. Northwest corner of Mr. Smith’s house at northeast corner of fairgrounds_ 35 40. 9 E. of N. East gable of house on hill west of fairgrounds_81 53. 0 W. of N. Center of pillar at the southeast corner of grand stand_ 34 46. 7 W. of S. Jackson County, Kansas City. —The station is on a low hill in the northern part of Swope Park, about 5 miles southeast from the towm’s center. It is about 350 feet north from the Missouri Pacific Railroad tracks, 358.5 feet east from the southeast corner of the stone wall above the bear cages, and 98 feet south¬ west from the center of the trunk of an oak tree. The station is marked by a marble post 6 by 6 by 33 inches, projecting about 6 inches above the ground, MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 33 and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.,” with a small hole in the center to indicate the exact spot. The following true bearings were determined: O / Flagstaff on tower of golf club_ 80 37. 5 W. of N. West edge of chimney on lion house_ 75 59. 2 W. of N. Tip of marble memorial_77 15. 9 E! of S. The auxiliary station was 300 feet east of the primary station. The station of 1900 was in block 3 of Elmwood Cemetery, midway between the northeast eorner of lot No. 90 and the southeast corner of lot No. 108. Jasper County, Carthage. —The station is in the southwest corner of Carters Park, about % of a mile southeast of the center of the town and near the corner of East Chestnut Avenue and South River Street. It is 101.5 feet north of the fence bounding the park on the south, 235 feet east of the fence on the west, and 230.6 feet northeast of the nearest point on the monument to the battle of Carthage. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, projecting about 3 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S. 6. & G. S., 1908.” The following true bearings were determined: Point on north gable of house with four gables and painted ° ' roof (mark)_ 69 31. 4 W. of S. Southeast corner, just under eaves of house on northwest corner of above street corner_ 75 38. 4 W. of S. Southwest corner of power house, just above foundation_14 40. 6 W. of N. Upper northeast corner of monument to battle of Carthage_ 66 41. 6 W. of S. Jefferson County , Hillsboro. —The station is in the southwest corner of the public-school grounds, which are about 500 feet west of the courthouse. It is about 68 feet from the wire fence across the road to the west, 32 feet from the tree to the southeast, 70 feet from the fence across the road to the south, and about 150 feet from the southwest corner of the school. The station is marked by a limestone post 8 by 8 by 30 inches, projecting about 2 inches above the ground and having a brass station marker in the top. The following true bear¬ ings were determined: North gable of barn (mark)_ 19 48. 4 W. of N. Northwest edge of Greenhurst’s residence_ 35 31. 4 E. of N. Gable on Masonic Hall_ 79 15. 9 E. of N. North gable of Marsdon’s residence_ 22 37. 3 E. of S. East gable of residence 400 feet southwest of station_ 49 58. 2 W. of S. Johnson County, Warrensburg. —The station was in the grounds of the Normal School, 16.4 feet east of trees, 25.6 feet north of the south fence of the campus, and 83.5 feet west of the west edge of north and south walk. The station marker is reported to have been removed. Knox County, Edina. —The station is on the grounds of St. Joseph Parochial School, in the northern part of the town. It is about 240 feet a little north of west from the northwest corner of the school building and 246.4 feet from its southwest corner. It is 113.1 feet from a fence along the south edge of the public road to the north and 154.1 feet from a fence to the south. It is marked by a sandstone post. The following true bearings were determined: o / Southwest corner of basement wall of the school building_ 63 38.2 E. of S. Foot of cross on Catholic Church_ 23 03.2 E. of S. Laclede County, Lebanon. —The station is in the high-school playgrounds, 197 feet east from the northeast corner of the building and 121.5 feet from the east edge of the cement walk which runs north and south in front of the building between the building and the playgrounds. It is 177 feet from the northeast corner of the block on which the building stands at the north end of the cement walk. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 20 inches, sunk level with the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.” The following true bearings were determined: Southeast corner of schoolhouse (mark)_ 79 51.0 W. of S. Courthouse flagpole_ 36 07.1 E. of S. Congregational Church spire_ 69 25.4 E. of S. 34 IT. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Lafayette County, Lexington. —The station is on the old Lexington battle ground on the crest of the hill and overlooking the river. It is about 600 yards north of the standpipe and is northwest from the Central Female College. It is 82.1 feet northeast from a locust tree, 97.1 feet northwest from a second locust tree, 82.4 feet southwest from an elm tree, and 86.4 feet east of an angle in the west fence. It is marked by a sandstone post 6 inches square on top and let¬ tered “ U. S. C. & G. S., 1903,” which projects 3 inches above ground. The fol¬ lowing true bearings were determined: o / Spire of Zion A. M. E. Church_21 17.6 E. of S. Base of flagstaff on tower of Central Female College_34 19.2 E. of S. Standpipe of Richmond waterworks_ 45 05.0 W. of N. Lawrence County, Mount Vernon. —The station is on the grounds of the public school in the east part of the town and is northwest of the building. It is 119 feet and 152.2 feet, respectively, from the northwest and northeast corners of the building. The station is marked by a limestone slab 3 by 8 by 32 inches, set 31 inches in the ground, lettered “U. S.,” and having a cross for a center mark. The following true bearings were determined: Point above center of face of clock on tower of courthouse, ° ' east side (mark)_ 69 24. 2 W. of N. Bisection of smallest part of ornament on corner of store southeast corner of courthouse square_ 77 15. 9 W. of N. Lewis County, Monticello. —The station is near the southeast corner of the court¬ house square, near the town’s center. It is 131.4 feet southeast of the southeast corner of the courthouse, 45.4 feet east of the cement walk leading south from the courthouse. It is marked by a cement post 14 inches in diameter and 40 inches long, projecting 2 inches above ground, with bronze disk in the top. The fol¬ lowing true bearings were determined. o / Southeast corner of D. H. Leslie’s store (mark)_ 3 24. 8 E. of N. Northwest corner of Masonic Hall_ 52 51. 4 E. of N. Southwest corner of George Woolridge’s brick house_ 49 05. 6 E. of S. Southwest corner of courthouse foundation_ 46 37. 6 W. of N. A similar cement post, bearing a brass tube, sets 192.8 feet to the north and marks the true meridian. This north post is 67.8 feet northeast of the north¬ east corner of the courthouse and 22.6 feet south of the cement walk north of the courthouse square. Lincoln County, Troy. —The station is in the fairgrounds, 34 mile south of the town’s center. It is 178.3 feet southeast of the stone steps of the exhibition hall, 134.2 feet south of the southwest corner of the grand stand, 47.4 feet west of the fence around the track, and 225.6 feet east of a row of sheds. It is marked by a cement post 24 inches in diameter and 30 inches long, projecting 3 inches above ground, and having a bronze disk in the top. The following true bear¬ ings were determined: o / Spire on courthouse dome (mark)_ 58 16. 0 W. of N. Southwest corner of Mr. Garrett’s residence_41 15. 3 E. of N. South gable of Frank Clair’s barn_ 86 38. 5 E. of N. South gable (at top) of W. R. Young’s residence_ 87 34. 5 W. of S. A cement post 251.8 feet to the south marks the true meridian. Linn County, Bucklin. —The station is about 34 mile south of the center of the town in the northwest part of the city park. It is about 60 feet south from the north edge of the park and about 95 feet east from the west edge of the park and is unmarked. Linn County, Linneus. —The station is about 34 mile east of the center of the town in the southeast corner of the city park. It is 48.2 feet north of the fence on the north side of the baseball field, 114.5 feet west of the east edge of the park, and 149.5 feet northeast of the northeast corner of a wooden bridge. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 26 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, which is about 2 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 35 O / Lower southeast corner of First Baptist Church (mark)_65 17. 6 E. of N. Southeast corner of upper step of stone steps at southeast door of Christian Church_ 13 12. 3 E. of N. Top of fountain in the city park_ 66 36. 3 W. of N. Livingston County, Chillicothe. —The station was on the grounds of the State Industrial Hqme for Girls. It was south from the fence along Third Street 91.5 feet, 73 feet northwest from an oak tree, 92.2 feet northeast of an elm tree, and about 200 feet from the main building of the home. The station marker is reported to have been removed. Macon County, Macon. —The station is in Oakwood Cemetery, in the northeast quarter of the ornamental circle near the gate, 4.5 feet east of the path running north and south through the circle and 39.5 feet from the north edge of the circle. It is marked by a white limestone post 6 inches square on top, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.,” and sunk even with the surface of the ground. The follow¬ ing true bearings were determined: o / Southwest corner of frame house of Edward Thompson_ 45 09. 0 E. of N. Southwest corner of chimney of frame house of Doctor Miller_ 72 20. 5 E. of N. Tip of iron gatepost on north side of cemetery entrance_ 80 57. 0 E. of S. Tip of iron gatepost on south side of cemetery entrance_ 70 40. 5 E. of S. Madison County, Fredericktown. —The station is in the northwestern corner of the grounds of the Marvin Methodist College, about ^ of a mile southeast of the town’s center. It is 66.5 feet south from the fence bordering the grounds on the north and 72.9 feet east from the fence bordering the grounds on the west. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting about 2 inches above ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1910.” The following true bear¬ ings were determined: O / Spire on courthouse cupola (mark) Flagpole on cupola of high school. Spire on Christian Church_ Cross on Catholic Church steeple. Cupola of main college building_ 41 31.2 W. of N. 53 17.2 W. of N. 51 03.7 W. of N. 54 26.9 W. of N. 44 17.8 E. of S. Maries County, Vienna. —The station is in the southeastern corner of the lot south of the schoolhouse, about mile south from the town’s center. It is 53 feet north from the south boundary fence, 48 feet a little north of east from the center of a lone oak tree, and 136.3 feet southwest from the southeast corner of the school building. It is marked by a limestone post 5 bv 7 by 27 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting about 6 inches above the ground. .The following true bearings were determined: O / South gable of B. H. Otto’s house (mark)_31 03.1 W. of N. Base of cross on Catholic Church steeple_ 37 54.6 W. of S. Upper northwest corner of Home Advertiser building, under eaves_ 17 17.1 W. of S. Marion County, Palmyra. —The station is in the new city cemetery in the driveway called Eighth Avenue, near the west fence line. It is 24.4 feet from the northeast corner of the Smith lot and 26.5 feet from the southeast corner of the Thurwachter lot. It is marked by a white limestone post 6 inches square on top, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.,” and sunk 1 inch below the surface of the ground. A hole in the top marks the center. The following true bearings were determined: O t Catholic Church spire (mark)_ 9 06.5 E. of S. Southeast corner of house of H. M. Howard_._ 11 20.6 W. of S. Southwest corner of white stone house of Mr. McAfee_ 55 22.8 S. of E. McDonald County, Pineville. —The station is on ground belonging to the county road, about 250 feet southeast of the public school, and about }/i mile north of the center of the town. It is in a triangle formed by a road on the northwest, a fence on the south, and a fence on the east. It is 49.2 feet west of the fence to the east, 60.5 feet north of the fence to the south, and 52.6 feet south of the fence to the north across the road. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 bv 6 bv 30 inches, projecting about 9 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1908.” 36 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Mercer County, Princeton. —The station is about % mile west of the center of the town in the southwest part of the old fairgrounds, which is now used as a Chautauqua meeting ground. It is 212.6 feet south of the north fence and about 36 feet north from the northwest edge of the lake. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 28 inches, with a hole in the center of the top, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1917,” and projecting 4 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: o / West gable of a red barn (mark)_ 67 34.3 E. of N. West gable at the tip of the Atley Grain Co.’s elevator_ 89 25.8 E. of S. Top of schoolhouse cupola_ 85 40.4 E. of S.. Lower southeast corner of Edward Kauffman’s sheep barn_41 02.6 E. of N. Miller County, Tuscumbia. —The station is in the north corner of the city park, about mile south from the town’s center. It is 75.6 feet from the near edge of the sidewalk on the northwest side of the park and 90 feet northwest from the southwest corner of an old cabin in the park. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 5 by 27 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, which projects about 5 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O f Top of Presbyterian Church steeple_ 34 46.7 E. of Nh Top of courthouse dome__ 22 06.8 E. of N. Upper south corner of Tuscumbia Bank under top stones of roof__ 18 44.5 E. of N. Mississippi County, Charleston.— The station is in the southeast corner of tho public-school grounds, about y mile east of the center of the town. It is 15 feet from the north edge of the cement sidewalk on the south and 55 feet from the middle of the road on the east. The station is marked by a concrete post 7 by 7 by 27 inches, projecting 2 inches above the ground and having a brass magnetic station marker in the top. The following true bearings were determined: North gable of residence 400 feet distant (mark)_ 3 26.3 E. of S. Southwest edge of school building_ 52 42.7 W. of N. Northeast edge of school building_ 22 46.5 W. of N„ South gable of residence_ 0 32.8 E. of N. North gable of barn_ 67 17.5 E. of N. A similar stone with a 3^8-inch hole in the top was set 350 feet due north of the magnetic station. Moniteau County, California. —The station is in the southwestern part of the infield within the race track at the county fairgrounds, about % mile southeast from the town’s center. It is 35 feet from the west fence on the inside of the race track, 121.5 feet from the south fence, 85 feet southwest from the southwest corner of a fence surrounding a pump, 209.5 feet southwest from the southwest corner of the new concrete committee house in the infield. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 7 by 26 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, which pro¬ jects about 2 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O / Top of German Evangelical Church (mark)_ 85 03.9 W. of S. Top of town water tank_ 58 52.7 W. of S. Top of gate house at the fair grounds_ 76 56.0 W. of N. South gable of the poultry exhibition house_ 15 34.4 W. ofN. Monroe County, Paris. —The station is near the center of the fairgrounds, y mile east of the town’s center. It is in line with two large trees 48.6 feet and 92.4 feet north of the north and south tree, respectively, 146 paces south of the fence in front of the grand stand, 268 feet west of a long barn, 156 feet east of the old race track, and about 80 feet south of the smaller circular track. It is marked by a cement post 14 inches in diameter by 30 inches long, with bronze disk in top, which sets flush with the ground. The following true bearings were determined: Flagpole at apex of courthouse tower (mark)_ 60 48.3 W. of N. South gable of barn y mile east of fairgrounds_ 62 21.3 E. of N. Flagpole on high-school cupola_ 80 42.0 W. of S. Flagpole at apex of engine-house tow^er_ 79 16.9 W. of N. Northeast corner of courthouse_ 58 59.7 W. of N. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 37 Montgomery County, Montgomery City. —The station is in the southwest corner of the piece of railroad land on the west side of the Wabash Railroad station, about 34 mile south from the town’s center. It is 273.2 feet southwest from the south corner of the Wabash Railroad station, 79.1 feet northwest from the fence on the southeast side of the grounds, and 97.2 feet a little east of north from the northwest corner of the fence surrounding the lot on the southeast side of the grounds. It is marked by the neck of a quart glass jug, buried about 3 inches below the ground. The following true bearings were determined: o t Lower southeast corner of Hanover Hotel (mark)_ 23 53.3 E. of N. Top of steeple of a small white church_ 31 05.6 E. of S. Upper northwest corner under rod of building on the corner southeast across the road from the Hanover Hotel_ 28 04.6 E. of N. Lower southeast corner of Wabash Railroad station_46 16.4 E. of N. Morgan County, Versailles. —The station is in the southern part of a triangular plot of land belonging to the Rock Island Railroad, which lies northeast of the baseball grounds and between the Missouri Pacific and the Rock Island Railroad tracks and is about 34 mile northwest from the town’s center. It is 70 feet southeast from the fence on the southeast side of the main tracks of the Rock Island Railroad, 111.3 feet northeast from the northeast fence of the baseball grounds, and 119 feet southwest from the nearest rail of a sidetrack. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 7 by 30 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, project¬ ing about 4 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were deter¬ mined : Lower southwest corner of Hunter & Hargett’s feed and ° ' grain office-(mark)_ 6 50.8 E. of S. Top of courthouse cupola_ 31 31.7 E. of S. Top of Christian Church steeple_ 88 58.3 E. of S. Top of cupola in the center of the Christian Church roof_ 89 01.6 E. of N. Morgan County , Versailles North Base.— The station is about 5 miles north- northeast of Versailles, in the southern part of the W. 34 of the SW. 34 of sec. 9, T. 43 N., R. 17 W., on land owned by the heirs of Moses H. Tipton. It is 99.2 feet east of the southeast corner of the Tipton house, 27 feet north of the center of the east and west public road, and 5 feet south of the fence line. The station is marked by a block of stone 2534 inches thick, in the top of which is set a bronze triangulation station mark. The name of the station and the date it was estab¬ lished are stamped on the tablet. New Madrid County, New Madrid. —The station is in the southeast corner of the public-school grounds, about 34 mile north of the center of the town. It is 25.3 feet from the north edge of the sidewalk to the south, 27.9 feet from the tree to the southeast, and 34 feet from the fence to the east. The station is marked by a concrete block 24 inches long and 8 inches square at the top. The top is just below the surface of the ground and is lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1912.” The following true bearings were determined: North gable of residence (mark)___ 6 26.7 E. of S. South gable of residence 500 feet distant_ 50 45.6 W. of S. Southwest edge of school_ 75 39.0 W. of N. Northeast edge of school_ 58 42.1 W. of N. South gable of residence____ 0 31.8 W. of N. Newton County, Neosho. —The station is in the northern part of the grounds of the United States Fisheries station, about % mile northeast of the center of the town. It is 76 feet south of the fence bounding the grounds on the north, 42 feet north from the north edge of the second fishpond along the north fence counting from the west, and 131.5 feet southeast of the eastern post of the gate near the center of the north fence. The station is marked by a Bedford lime¬ stone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting about 1034 inches above the ground and lettered “ U. S. C. & G. S., 1908.” The following true bearings were determined: O / Flagstaff on cupola of Benton School (mark)__ 58 03.8 W. of S. Flagstaff on tallest cupola of fishery building_ 30 22.2 W. of S. Base of flagstaff on red cupola on Ed. Haas’s grocery store_41 48.3 W. of N. 38 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Nodaway County, Maryville. —The station is on the campus of the State Normal School, }/2 mile west of the center of the town. It is 263.1 feet south of the east corner of the main building, 251 feet east of the south corner, and 7.4 feet south¬ west of the edge of the main walk leading to the normal school, and 2.2 feet south of the north edge of the cross walk at this point. It is just north of a group of birch trees and is marked by a marble post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1915.” The post is set 3 inches below the level of the con¬ crete walk and is covered by a removable 12 by 12 inch cast-iron cover plate. The following true bearings were determined: O / Apex of elevated steel tank (mark)_ 79 34.1 E. of N. Left edge of normal school_ 64 46.2 W. of N. Right edge of normal school at third floor_ 6 27.9 E. of N. Left side of smokestack at bottom of brick heating plant_ 43 59.4 E. of N. Local engineers have established a true meridian mark on the limestone foundation of the main building 243.4 feet north of the magnetic station. It is a % by 234 inch copper plate with a vertical groove in it mounted 35.1 feet southwest of the east corner of the foundation, 4.3 feet above the ground, and 0.1 feet below the window sill at this point. Oregon County, Alton. —The station is about 34 mile west of the center of the town in the northwest corner of the orchard of Mr. Wade Heiskell and southeast of his house. It is 68.4 feet southeast from the southeast corner of the east inclosed lot on the south side of Heiskell’s yard, 60.4 feet east of the west orchard fence, 13.2 feet northeast from the center of the trunk of a small cedar tree, and about 240 feet south of the north pasture fence. It is marked by a cement block about 24 inches long, with a bronze disk in the top flush with the ground. The following true bearings were determined: Top of schoolhouse cupola (mark)_71 25.0 E. of S. Upper northeast corner of schoolhouse cupola, under eaves_71 35.4 E. of S. Top of Baptist Church steeple_ 73 48.1 E. of S. South gable of Carvin Gohit’s house_ 7 30.3 E. of N. A rough field stone about 24 inches long and 3 inches in diameter at the top, 225 feet distant, and projecting 3 inches above the ground, was set to mark the south end of a meridian line. This stone is cemented in the ground. Owing to an error in computation the true bearing of the stone is 0° 00.8' W. of S. Oregon County, Thayer. —The station is about 34 mile east of the center of the town in the southwest corner of the fairgrounds. It is about 80 feet from the west fence and 120 feet from the south fence. The station is not marked. Osage County, Linn.—The station is in the southeastern corner of the -infield within the race track at the county fairgrounds, about 1 mile southeast from the town’s center. It is 91.7 feet northeast from the northeast corner of the judge’s stand, 57.9 feet north from the inside fence of the race track, and 68.9 feet west from the fence. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 7 by 27 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting about 2 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: Cross on Catholic Church steeple (mark)_ 40 22.7 W. of N. Top of Methodist Episcopal Church steeple_ 43 49.7 W. of N. South gable of largest barn in west end of fairgrounds_ 77 27.4 W. of N. East gable of grand stand_67 17.0 W. of S. Ozark County, Gainesville. —The station is in the southwest part of the new schoolhouse grounds, about 1,000 feet southwest from the town’s center. It is 47 feet north from the south fence, 142 feet southwest from the southwest corner of the schoolhouse, and about 207 feet west from the east fence. It is marked by a cement block 6 inches in diameter and 26 inches long, with a bronze disk set in the top, which is 1 inch above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: o / Top of Methodist Church cupola (mark)_ 86 36.5 E. of N. Southeast gable of Everett Luny’s house_ 2 45.2 E. of N. Upper northwest corner of Woods & Reed Mercantile Co., under eaves_ 75 54.5 E. of N. Lower northwest corner of schoolhouse_ 14 50.3 E. of N, MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 39 Pemiscot County , Caruthersville. —-The station is in the eastern part of the oval within the race track at the county fairgrounds, on the western edge of the base¬ ball field, about 1 mile southwest of the town’s center. It is 317 feet southeast from the southeast corner of the judges’ stand at the race track and 247.4 feet south of the northern part of the fence inside of the race track. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 33 inches, projecting about 6 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1909.” The following true bearings were determined: O / Rod on steeple of Sanctified Church (mark)___81 18.5 E. of S. Top of west cupola on public-school building_ 67 04.2 E. of N. Perry County, Perryville. —The station was in the southwest corner of the base¬ ball field on the grounds of St. Mary’s Seminary, about 134 miles a little south of west of the center of town. It was about 600 feet south of the seminary buildings and about 100 feet northeast of a statue on a grass mound. It was 81.3 feet north of the fence bounding the base ball field on the south, 44.8 feet east of a hedge on the east side of the above statue, and 54.3 feet southeast from the nearest edge of an old spring lined with stone. The station marker is reported to have been removed. Perry County, Wittenberg. —The magnetic station was identical with the astro¬ nomical station. Pettis County, Sedalia. —The station is located on the campus of the George R. Smith College, 223.5 feet south and 37.2 feet east of the southeast corner of the building. It is marked by a gray limestone post 8 by 8 by 34 inches, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.,” and set flush with the ground. Phelps County, Rolla. —The station was located on the campus of the Missouri State School of Mines, 211.5 feet due north of the northwest corner of Norwood Hall and 125 feet east of the east edge of the cement walk which runs north and south west of Norwood Hall. It was 21.5 feet southwest of a cement marking stone established by “1909” civil engineering students. The site of the station is now occupied by a building. • Pike County, Bowling Green. —The station is in the eastern part of the town, on a hill and in line with Centennial Avenue. It is on the property of G. W. Wallar, 111.6 feet from the west fence and 252.9 feet from the south fence. It is 49.3 feet southwest of a bull hickory tree and 81.3 feet west of a second bull hickory tree. The station is marked by a limestone post 7 inches square on top and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1903.” The following true bearings were determined:. Spire of the Presbyterian Church_ 87 46. 4 W. of N. Tip of the courthouse cupola_ 73 01. 8 W* of S. Base of flagstaff on school building_ 74 31. 8 W. of N. Platte County, Platte City. —The station is in the northern part of R. P. C. Wilson’s large yard, about 34 mile southeast of the town’s center. It is 60 feet south of the north fence, 228 feet from the fence along the road leading to town, 100 feet east of a tree, and about 300 feet north of the Wilson house. It is on the high part of the hill, ground sloping toward east and west. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, projecting 6 inches above the ground and having a brass plate in the top. The following true bearings were determined: Weather vane on cupola of Mr. Mason’s house northwest of ° town (mark)______61 01. 0 W. of N. Right edge of large square monument in cemetery_ 36 41. 1 W. of N. Spire on round cupola of Mr. Chestnut’s house_•_ 56 23. 9 W. of S. North gable of a barn_ 80 08. 7 E. of S. Polk County, Bolivar. —The station is located on the land of J. T. Odor, about ^ of a mile east of town. It is 130.1 feet from the east line of the Odor property and about 300 feet southwest from the house of B. M. Johnson. The station is marked by a sandstone post 7 inches square on top and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1903,” and has a drill hole in the center. The following true bearings were determined: • Southwest side of the town standpipe_55 13. 6 W. of N. South post on the cupola of the Southwest Baptist College 84 20. 2 W. of N. i 40 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Pulaski County, WaynesviUe. —The station is in a cultivated field which is on the south side of the stream running through the town and on the west side of the main road entering the town from the north. It is about 48 feet from the center of a rough wagon road running through the south side of the grounds, 88 feet from the wire fence on the south, and 127 feet from the center of the main road on the east. The station is marked by a concrete block 10 by 10 by 20 inches, sunk 5 inches below the surface of the ground and having a brass magnetic station marker in the top. The following true bearings were determined: O / Church spire, 300 yards distant (mark)_ 19 29. 3 E. of S. North gable of residence 500 feet southwest of Baker Hotel 10 27. 3 E. of S. The station of 1905 was on the point of a bluff southwest of the courthouse, on a small tract of land owned by Prof. W. A Lumpkin. Putnam County, Unionville. —The station is about 13^2 miles west of the center of the town in the west part of the inclosure surrounding the city reservoir, a pond. It is 116.5 feet east of the west fence, 77.7 feet west of the west edge of the pond, and about 345 feet south from the north edge of the pond. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 28 inches, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1917,” on the top, with a hole in the center, which is about 4 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: Top of cupola of J. J. Vrooman’s barn (mark)_ 87 42. 8 E. of S. West gable of a farmhouse_ 79 08. 5 E. of N. West gable of David Mowrer’s house_ 79 35. 9 E. of S. A limestone post about 350 feet distant, with a hole in its top, set about 3 inches above the ground, marks the north end of a meridian line. It is at the edge of the cement levee on the north edge of the pond. Ralls County, New London. —The station is in the county fairgrounds, % mile south of the town’s center. It is between the railroad and the race track south¬ west of the grand stand. The southeast side of the grand stand (produced) passes 5.8 feet south of the station. It is 65 feet southeast of the fence around the race track, 166.1 feet southwest of the grand stand, and 197.3 feet northwest of the fence along the St. Louis & Hannibal Railroad measured to a point near the west end of a large pond. The station is marked by a cement post 16 inches in diameter and 30 inches long, projecting 3 inches above the ground, and having a bronze disk set in the top. The following true bearings were determined: o r Spire on cupola of barn east of fairgrouuds (mark)_ 43 53.1 E. of N. South gable of house near above barn_ 46 47.7 E. of N. Spire on cupola of barn to southeast_ 57 56.2 E. of S. East gable of a farmhouse % mile distant_ 49 53.5 W. of S. Randolph County, Huntsville. —The station is in the northeastern part of the Radium Spring Park, about }/% mile southwest from the town’s center. It is about 102 feet southwest from the northeast park fence, about 162 feet north¬ east from the southeast corner of the house in the park, and about 132 feet northwest from the nearest point of the park pavilion. It is marked by a lime¬ stone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting 6 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O • / Top of town water tank__ 85 29.6 E. of N. South gable of a white frame house_ 2 56.6 E. of S. Ray County, Lawsonr —The station is about 1,000 feet southeast from the center of the town in the southern part of the baseball field at the southeast side of the Santa Fe Railroad station. It is about 300 feet southeast of the station, 55 feet north of the south fence of the field, and 250 feet east of the west fence of the field. It is not marked. Ray County, Richmond. —The station is on the county farm, about 3^2 mile southwest of the town’s center. It is in the large open pasture in front of the county farm building and about 50 yards from the building. It is 30 feet south of a hickory tree, 32 feet north of an elm tree and is about in line with these trees, 86 feet northwest of the fence around the buildings, and 17 feet north of the line of the south fence produced westward. The station is marked by a Bedford MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 41 limestone post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, with a brass plate in the top and set flush with the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O / Right edge of standpipe (mark)_ 84 38.2 E. of N. Extreme left edge of county farm building, above cement_ 60 50.1 E. of S. Extreme right edge of county farm building, above cement._ 30 01.1 E. of S. Left edge of large dark tombstone in cemetery on hill_ 22 29.7 E. of N. South gable of a house in village_ 42 54.9 E. of N. Reynolds County, Centerville. —The‘station is near the top of a steep hill in the southeastern part of town. It is at the eastern end of a lane running up the hill and on the north side of the property of T. J. Jordan, the county collector. It is in the northern end of a strip of land belonging to the village and running along the eastern edge of Mr. Jordan’s property. It is 52.6 feet south of the fence on the southern boundary of the field on the northern side of this strip, 26.6 feet east of the southeast corner of the fence around the field at the northwest corner of this strip, and 40.9 feet east of the fence on the eastern boundary of Mr. Jordan’s property. The station is marked by a cement block 4 by 8 by 14 inches, projecting 1 inch above the surface of the ground and lettered “ U. S., 1908.” The following true bearings were determined: O / Steeple of Baptist Church (mark)_ 39 04.2 W. of N. Cupola on Methodist Church_ 38 50.2 W. of N. Point at top of east gable of courthouse_ 35 58.6 W. of N. Ripley County, Doniphan.— The station is in the north end of the town baseball park, which is about )4 mile southwest of the courthouse. It is 62 feet from the fence on the north and 58 feet from that on the east and is marked by a limestone post 7 by 7 by 27 inches, lettered “ U. S. C. & G. S., 1912,” and set flush with the ground. The following true bearing was determined: O f Flagpole on courthouse___ 57 02.4 E. of N. St. Clair County, Osceola. —The station is on a high hill southeast of the town on the land of the Johnston Land Co. It is 217 feet west from the south corner of Frank Daniel’s land. It is marked by a rough-dressed stone 7 inches square at the top, which is lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1903.” and projects 4 inches above ground. The following true bearing was determined: O / Base of pole on town water tank_ 88 09.6 W. of S. Ste. Genevieve County, Ste. Genevieve. —The station is in the southern corner of "the pasture at the county farm, about 700 feet southwest of the county farmhouse and about 1)4 miles west of the town’s center. It is 84 feet northeast of the fence bordering the pasture on the southwest and 61 feet northwest of the fence bordering the pasture on the southeast. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting about 5 inches above ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1910.” The following true bearings were determined: o / East gable of tallest barn at county farm_ 43 05.5 E. of N. West gable on section house on short railroad bridge across river_ 52 25.3 E. of N. St. Francois County, Farmington.—' The station is north of the western part of the grounds of the Carleton Methodist College, about )4 mile southeast of the town’s center. It is 76 paces south of the southeast corner of the brick residence of the professor of science, 109 paces northwest of the northwest corner of the main college building, and 51 paces east of a fence across the road to the west. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting about 3 inches above ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1910.” The following true bear¬ ings were determined: O / Base of cross on Catholic Church (mark)_ 12 19.3 W. of N. Spire of Lutheran Church_ 2 11.6 E. of N. Base of rod at east corner of top of tower of main college build¬ ing_ 26 33.4 E. of S. St. Louis County, University City. —The station is in the southern part of the campus of Washington University, about )4 mile southwest from the town’s 42 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY center. It is about 500 feet southeast from the southeast corner of the Graham Memorial Chapel, about 450 feet southwest from the southwest corner of the Ridgeley Library and Law r School, and about 160 feet north from the north curb of Forsythe Avenue. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 7 by 28 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting about 5 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O f Top of southwest tower of Graham Memorial Chapel (not sharp)_ 45 16.0 W. of N. Top of southwest tower of library and law school_ 58 00.8 E. of N. Top of southeast tower of library and law school_61 05.3 E. of N. Flagstaff at parapet, of southeast tower of administration building_ 69 10.5 E. of N. Frame of window in apartment house, piece dividing panes_ 5 51.8 W. of S. St. Louis City. —The station is on the baseball grounds in the northeastern part of Forest Park, about 500 feet a little east of south of the old police sub¬ station, which is now used as a boys’ clubhouse. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 6 by 36 inches, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.,” and projecting 5 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined in 1900: Center of base of flagstaff on police station (mark)_ 22 02.1 W. of N. Center of base of flagstaff on Young Men’s Christian Associa¬ tion building_ 68 42.6 W. of S. The station of 1886 was located in the pasture field of Henry Shaw, south and a little west of Shaw’s garden and near the northwest end of Tower Grove Park. Saline County, Marshall. —The station is in the southwestern corner of the campus of the Missouri Valley College, about 1)4 miles southeast from the town’s center. It is 69.2 feet north and 296 feet east from the south and the west fence, respectively, of the campus. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 5 by 27 inches, with a bronze disk set in the top, projecting about 3 inches above the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O / South gable of main college building (mark)_ 17 45.0 E. of N. Top of tower on main college building_ 15 34.4 E. of N. Top of cupola on east end of main college building_ 19 31.1 E. of N. Southwest corner of extreme top of the smokestack_ 32 49.2 E. of N. Lower southeast corner of horse shed_ 47 24.1 E. of N. A concrete post 7 by 4 by 30 inches, projecting 6 inches above the ground, with a cross cut in the top, and about 375 feet north and to the west of the tennis court, marks the north end of a meridian line. Schuyler County, Lancaster. —The station is in the Odd Fellows Cemetery, near the northwest corner. It is midway between the northwest corner of lot No. 2, sec. 5, and the northeast corner of lot No. 3, sec. 5. It is marked by a white limestone post 8 inches square on top, lettered “U. S. C. & G. S.,” and sunk 1 inch below the surface of the ground. A hole in the top marks the center. The following true bearings were determined: o / Tip of schoolhouse tower_ 57 29.2 W. of S. Tip of courthouse tower___ 60 22.3 W. of S. Scotland County, Memphis. —The station is near the southeast corner of the high-school grounds, 34 mile south of town’s center. It is 119.7 feet southeast of the southeast corner of the high school, 161 feet southeast of the southwest corner, 101.5 feet south of the cement walk leading to the south end of the build¬ ing, and 29 feet northwest of the edge of the cut above the road. It is marked by a limestone post 6 by 8 inches, projecting 8 inches above ground, w T ith United States Geological Survey bronze disk set in the top, showing elevation. The following true bearings were determined: O / Right edge of house near north meridian stone_ 00 46.3 E. of N. Northwest corner of house across street to east_ 55 48.5 E. of S. Southwest corner of high school, second floor_ 47 05.4 W. of N. Northeast corner of high school, second floor_ 22 39.0 W. of N. MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 43 A similar stone, center marked, sets 287.4 feet to the north, marking the meridian. It is 1 foot south of the fence north of the high school. Scott County, Benton. —The station is in the southwestern corner of the grounds surrounding the Catholic School of St. Denis Parish and is about 1,200 feet northwest of the county courthouse. It is 90.9 feet from the fence on the west and 86.7 feet from the fence on the south. It is marked by a rough field stone about 5 by 6 by 26 inches, projecting about 4 inches above the ground. A cross cut in the top of the stone indicates the exact spot. The following true bear¬ ings were determined: o / Top of water tank in courthouse square (mark)_ 13 34.7 E. of S. Center of ornamental rod on courthouse cupola_ 16 16.7 E. of S. Spire of Methodist Church_ 35 12.6 E. of S. Base of cross on Catholic schoolhouse_ 78 21.2 E. of N. * A similar stone of about the same size as the one marking the magnetic sta¬ tion was placed 220.2 feet north of the magnetic station and a cross cut in the top to mark the north end of the meridian line. Shannon County, Eminence. —The station was in the southeastern corner of the ground surrounding the public schoolhouse, about 1,500 feet north of the center of the town. It was 92 feet north of the fence across the road to the south, 72.5 feet west of the fence across the road to the east, and 132.8 feet southeast of the southeast corner of the schoolhouse. The marking stone is reported to have been removed. Shelby County, Shelbyville. —The station is near the southeast corner of the high-school grounds, about 34 mile east of the center of town. It is 16.6 feet north of the cement walk in front of the school building, in line with a row of maple trees on the east side of the grounds and 35.9 feet south of the south tree, 92.4 feet, southeast of the pump, 131.5 feet east of the southeast corner of the high school, and 163.4 feet east of the cement walk leading to the school building. It is marked by a round cement post 20 inches in diameter by 30 inches long, projecting 1 inch above ground, and having a bronze disk in the top. The following true bearings were determined: West edge of west chimney on George Frazier’s house (mark)__ 27 51.7 W. of N. South gable of W. T. Dennett’s house_ 16 56.8 E. of N. North (large) gable of S. O. Robert’s residence_ 24 35.3 W. of S. East gable of R. Baker’s residence_ 82 34.7 W. of N. Southwest corner of high-school building (on bricks)_81 50.0 W. of N. Stoddard County, Bloomfield. —The station is in the southwest corner of the grounds surrounding the high school, about 34 mile west of the town’s center. It is 114 feet north of the fence bounding the grounds on the south and 126 feet east of the fence on the west. It is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 32 inches, projecting about 834 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1908.” The following true bearings were determined: O / Top of water tank back of Barrett Hotel_ 78 18.4 E. of S. Southwest corner of stone foundation of high-school building_ 85 39.0 E. of S. Auxiliar}^ station A is 250 feet east of the principal station. Station No. 1 is at the Hill School, about 150 feet a little east of north and across the road from the schoolhouse. It is about 3 miles a little west of south from Bloomfield. No. 2 is at West Antioch, in the southeast part of the school grounds, about 334 miles west from Bloomfield. No. 3 is at Idalia, in the northern part of the school grounds, 434 miles a little south of east from Bloomfield. No. 4 is at Philadelphia, in the northeastern part of the school grounds, about 150 feet northwest from the church. It is 434 miles a little west of north from Bloom¬ field. No. 5 is at Dexter, in the northeastern corner of the public-school grounds, about 34 mile northeast from the town’s center. It is 634 miles south from Bloomfield. No. 6 is at the Scagg schoolhouse, in the northeastern corner of the school grounds, 734 miles southeast from Bloomfield. No. 7 is at Clines Island, in the center of a field on the north side of the school grounds, 734 miles east from Bloomfield. No. 8 is at Leora, in the west part of the field which is east across the road from the school grounds. It is 9 miles northwest from Bloomfield. No. 9 is in the town of Bernie, about 34 mile west from the town’s center. It is in an open space about 230 feet northwest from the lodge hall, which was formerly the Baptist Church. It is 1534 miles south from Bloomfield. 44 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Stone County, Galena. —The station is in the eastern part of the ground sur¬ rounding the public school, on a hill about 34 of a mile west of the center of the town. It is 132.2 feet northeast of the southeast corner of the south extension of the school building and 115.6 feet east of the northeast corner of the north extension of the school building. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 30 inches, projecting about 10 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1908.” The following true bearings were determined: o / • Corner stone at the southeast corner of public square (mark)__ 89 17.9 E. of N. Base of white post marked “ Railroad Crossing” on S. P. R. R_ _ 88 54.2 E. of S. Base of pole on cupola of schoolhouse_ 79 27.1 W. of S. Sullivan County, Milan. —The station is in the Milan fairgrounds, about 200 feet south from the main entrance and almost directly west of the entrance to the race track. An elm tree due south of the station is 48 feet distant and from the station east to the fence along the race track is about 43 feet. It is marked by a gray sandstone post 6 by 6 by 26 inches, projecting 134 inches above the surface of the ground and lettered on top “U. S. C. & G. S.” and on the south side “1907.” The following true bearing w'as determined: O t Standpipe in Milan_ 40 00.5 W. of N* Taney County, Forsyth. —The station is about z /i mile north from the center of town in the northern part of the grounds which surrounded the Presbyterian College, now burned down. It is 41.3 feet south from the north fence of the ground and 55.5 feet a little north of east from the pipe of an iron pump. It was- marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 34 inches, projecting about 12 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1908,” the top of which has been broken off. The following true bearings were determined: o / West gable of a farmhouse about 1 mile distant (mark)_21 55.5 E. of N- North gable of building belonging to high school at south side of the grounds_• 19 26.4 W. of S. Auxiliary station A is 250 feet southeast of the primary. Station No. 1 is in the central part of the village of Camp Ozark, about 500 feet northwest from the boat landing and about 234 miles southwest from the principal station. No. 2 is in the northwest corner of the public-school grounds, about 800 feet north from the center of the village of Kissee Mills. It is about 38 feet northeast from the south¬ west fence of the grounds and about 93 feet southwest from the northwest corner of the schoolhouse. No. 3 is in the southwest part of the public-school grounds, about 300 feet southeast from the center of the village of Kirbyville. It is about 70 feet north from the south fence of the grounds and about 60 feet east from the west fence. No. 4 is in the northern part of the public-school grounds in the town of Taneyville, about 400 feet south from the center of the village and about 200 feet north from the schoolhouse. No. 5 is about 250 feet southeast from the center of the village of Walnut Shade, in the southwest corner of the field bounded on the south by the creek and on the west by the main road. It is about 39 feet north from the south fence of the field and about 100 feet east from the west fence. Texas County, Houston. —The station is on the grounds of the Houston public school, southeast of the building. It is distant 111.6 feet and 121.9 feet, re¬ spectively, from the southeast corner of the east wing and the southwest corner of the main part of the building. It is also 45.5 feet and 84.1 feet, respectively, from the picket fences on the east and south lines of the grounds. The station is marked by a sandstone post 6 by 6 by 32 inches, projecting 1 inch above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1905.” Vernon County, Nevada. —The station was in the northern part of a pasture immediately southwest of the cow barn at the insane asylum, or State Hospital No. 3, about 2 miles north of the center of the town. The station was 108.9 feet west of the southwest corner of the fence around a small garden patch, also southwest of the cow barn, and 103.5 feet south of the fence on the northern boundary of the pasture. The station marker is reported to have been removed. Warren County, Warrenton. —The station is in the southeastern corner of the athletic field of the Central Wesleyan College, about 34 mile southeast from the town’s center. It is 68 feet west from the east fence of the ground and 97 feet north from the south fence. It is marked by a limestone post 5 by 5 by MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN MISSOURI 45 20 inches long, with a bronze disk set in the top, which is flush with the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O t Top of town water tank (mark)_61 40.5 W. of N. Top of front cornice of Central Wesleyan Orphan’s Home_19 31.9 E. of N. South gable of central barn of Central Wesleyan Orphan’s Home- 39 34.2 E. of N. Lower southeast corner of main college building_ 24 47.9 W. of N. About 330 feet distant a second post 7 by 7 by 27 inches is set with the top about 3 inches above the ground to mark the north end of a meridian line. A hole in the top marks the exact spot. Washington County, Potosi. —The station was established in the northeastern corner of a pasture used as a baseball field and which at one time was part of the race track. It was about §4 mile northwest from the town’s center, 97.3 feet west from the east boundary fence of the field, and 92 feet south from the north boundary fence. The station marker is reported to have been removed. The station of 1890 was in the courthouse grounds. Wayne County, Greenville. —The station is on the grounds of the Greenville public school, north of the building. It is 85.3 feet and 68.2 feet, respectively, from the northwest and northeast corners of the building. It is also 54.3 feet from the east line of the school grounds. The station is marked by a sandstone post 6 by 6 by 32 inches, lettered “ U. S. C. & G. S., 1905,” and set 30 inches in the ground. The following true bearings were determined: O l Baptist Church spire (mark)_65 10.9 W. of S. Christian Church spire_'_ 53 46.6 W. of S. Cupola on Masonic Hall, east gable_ 62 49.2 W. of S. Webster County, Marshfield. —The station is on a hill in a conspicuous open place surrounded on three sides by a small growth of timber. This hill is 1 mile southeast of town and is the property of the Ozark Plateau Land Co. The station is west from a wagon road running southeast from town about 330 feet and about 825 feet south of a small stream. It is marked by a limestone post 7 inches square on top which is lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1903,” and has a hole in the center. The following true bearings were determined: Spire of Catholic Church_21 35.2 W. of N. Spire of Methodist Episcopal Church South_ 47 44.4 W. of N. Base of flagpole on courthouse_ 42 32.1 W. of N. Worth County, Grant City. —The station is in the cemetery about 3^ mile west of town. It is near the north end of the main drive, just south of a flower bed. It is 47 feet south of the north fence, 59 feet southeast of an ash tree, 21.5 feet northeast of the Mason monument, and 24 feet southwest of the Faubion monument. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 24 inches, set flush with the ground, and having a brass magnetic station mark in the top. The following true bearings were determined: o / Flagpole on courthouse tower (mark)_ 89 08.0 E. of S. Flagpole on high-school cupola_ 84 30.4 E. of S. East gable of house southwest of cemetery_ 62 36.5 W. of S. Spire of distant silo near large barn_ 43 55.2 W. of N. Spire on city water tank_ 89 21.2 E. of N. Wright County, Hartville. —The station is in the northwest corner of the pasture or field immediately south of the grounds around the residence of the Steel family. The field belongs to the Steel estate and is about % of a mile south¬ east of the center of the town. The station is 73.1 feet south of the fence on the north and 73.5 feet east of the stone wall bounding this field on the west. The station is marked by a Bedford limestone post 6 by 6 by 32 inches, projecting about 12 inches above the ground and lettered “U. S. C. & G. S., 1908.” The following true bearings were determined: O / Spire on Christian Church (mark)_ 52 53.4 W. of N. Base of rod on cupola of schoolhouse_ 56 54.0 W. of N. Methodist Church spire_ 58 55.8 W. of N. Upper southwest corner of the Steel residence_— 27 05.3 E. of N. o ♦ • . THE USIUf.Y OF IB! ■ - ✓ ! • ’ LINES OF EQlTAL MAGNETIC DECLINATION FOR 1925 MISSOURI Base from U.S. Geological Survey US.Coast and Geodetic Survey TOO' 6°40'E 92 45 Scale 1:400,000 Base from U S. Geological Survey Fig.2-IS0G0NIC CHART OF MORGAN COUNTY and values of the declination for Jan. 1,1925.