Minnesota Highway Department STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS / Section 1 . Section 2. Section 3. Section 4. Section 5. Section 6. Section 7. Section 8. Section 9. Section 10. Section 11. Section 12. General Provisions. Grading. Gravel Surfacing. General Clauses for All Pavements. One Course Concrete Pavement and Concrete Base. Broken Stone Base. Bituminous Macadam. Asphaltic Concrete Surfacing. Classes A, B and C. Bituminous Filled Brick Surfacing. Guard Rail, Gutters, and Miscellaneous Structures. Bridges and Monolithic Culverts. Sectional Concrete and Corrugated Metal Culverts. Proposal Forms. Contractor’s Bond Form. Contract Form. Form of Advertisement for Bids. ORDER No. 1158 It is hereby ordered that the specifications being Sections 1 to 12 listed above, shall be the specifications for construction and material to be used on the classes of work described therein, on State Aid Roads in Minnesota, from and after this date, excepting work already under con¬ tract; and with the exception noted shall supersede all specifications pre¬ viously issued for the classes of work covered by these specifications. It is further ordered that a copy of these specifications shall be filed in the office of the County Auditor of each County. / Dated March 4th, 1921. r Commissioner of Highways. I ! 28643 I < Minnesota Standard Specifications Section One. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Whenever in these specifications and contract the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used, the intent and meaning shall be inter¬ preted as follows: “County”—The contracting County or Counties, referred to in these specifications as the Party of the First Part. “Board”—Board of County Commissioners of the above County or Counties. “Commissioner”—Commissioner of Highways of the State of Minnesota. “Engineer”—The Chief Engineer of the Minnesota Highway Depart¬ ment, acting directly or through an engineer duly authorized by the Commissioner or The Chief Engineer, such engineer acting within the scope of the particular duties assigned to him or the authority given him. “Inspector”—An authorized representative of the Engineer, assigned to make any or all necessary inspections of the work performed and materials furnished by the contractor. “Bidder”—Any individual, firm or corporation submitting a proposal for the work contemplated, acting directly or through a duly authorized representative. “Contractor”—Party of the second part to the contract, acting directly or through his agents or employes. “Surety”—The persons or the corporate body which is bound with, and for the Contractor (who is primarily liable) and which engages to be re¬ sponsible for his payment of all debts pertaining to and for his acceptable performance of the work for which he has contracted. “Proposal Form”—The approved prepared form on wh’ch the Bidder is to or has submitted his, their or its proposal for the work contemplated. “Proposal Guaranty”—The security designated in the proposal to be furn’shed by the Bidder as a guaranty of good faith to enter into a contract with the County, if the work is awarded to him. “Plans”—All drawings or reproduction of drawings, pertaining to the construction of the highway and its appurtenances. “Specifications”—The directions, provisions and requirements contained herein, together with all written agreements made or to be made, pertaining to the method and manner of performing the work, or to the quantities and qualities of materials to be furnished under the contract. “Contract”—The agreement covering the performance of the work and the furnishing of materials in the construction of the Highway. The Con¬ tract shall include the “Proposal,” “Plans,” “Specifications,” and “Con¬ tract Bond,” also any and all supplemental agreements which reasonably could be required to complete the construction of the highway in a sub¬ stantial and acceptable manner. “Contract Bond”—The approved form of security furnished by the Con¬ tractor and his Surety as a guaranty of good faith on the part of the Con¬ tractor to execute the work in accordance with the terms of the Contract. “Right of Way”—The whole area which is reserved and secured for highway purposes. “Highway”—That portion of the right of way included within the clearing limits, including the roadway, and its appertaining bridges, struct¬ ures and slopes, and all ditches, channels, waterways, etc., necessary to its correct drainage. “Roadway”—That portion of the highway particularly devoted to the use of vehicles. Sl-1 Definition of Terms Sl-2 Meaning of Expressions Sl-3 Documents Included in Contract Sl-4 Subheadings In order to avoid cumbersome and confusing repetition of express r ons in these specifications, whenever it is provided that anything is, or is to be, or to be done, if, or as, of when, or where “contemplated,” “required,” “di¬ rected,” “specified,” “authorized,” “ordered,” “given,” “designated,” “in¬ dicated,” “considered necessary,” “deemed necessary,” “permitted,” “sus¬ pended,” “approved,” “acceptable,” “unacceptable,” “suitable,” “unsuit¬ able,” “satisfactory,” “unsatisfactory,” or “sufficient” it shall be taken to mean and intend, by or to the Engineer with the approval of the Commis¬ sioner. It should be understood thoroughly by all concerned that all things con¬ tained herein, the “Instructions to Bidders,” the “Award and Execution of Contract,” the “General Provisions,” the “Road Construction,” the “Bridge and Culvert Construction,” also the “Proposal,” the “Plans,” the “Adver¬ tisement for Proposals,” or “Notice to Contractors,” and the “Contract Bond,” as well as any papers attached to or bound with any of the above, also any and all supplemental agreements made or to be made, are herein made a part of these Specifications and Contract, and are to be considered one instrument. The intent is to make them explanatory one of the other. No papers attached to or bound with any of the above shall be detached therefrom as all are a necessary part thereof. Subheadings printed in these Specifications are intended for convenience or reference only and shall not be considered as having any bearing on the interpretation thereof. Sl-5 Estimates of Quantities Sl-6 Familiarity With Proposed Work Sl-7 Familiarity With Laws, etc. Sl-8 Contents of Proposal Forms Sl-9 Instructions for Filling in Proposal Forms INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS The plans represent the foreseen conditions, and the various quantities shown therein and in the Proposal may necessarily be increased or diminished by the Engineer during construction without impairing this contract. The bidder shall examine to his satisfaction the site of the proposed work and should also satisfy himself as to the quantities of work to be done as determined from the plans. He should be thoroughly familiar with the specifications, including all special provisions, and the contract forms. The Bidder is assumed to have made himself familiar with all State Laws and Local Ordinances and Regulations which in any manner affect those engaged or employed in the work, or the materials or equipment used in or upon the roadway, or in any way affect the conduct of the work, and no plea of misunderstanding will be considered on account of the ignorance thereof. If the Bidder or Contractor shall discover any provision in the plans, specifications or contract which is contrary to or inconsistent with any such law, ordinance or regulation, he shall forthwith report it to the Engineer in writing. The Bidder will be furnished with the proposal form by the Engineer, which will state the location and description of the roadway or structure thereon to be constructed and which will show the estimate of the various quantities of work to be performed and materials to be furnished, the time in which the work must be completed, the amount of the “ Proposal Guaranty” (which must accompany the proposal) and the date and time of the opening of proposal. It will also state any special provisions or requirements which vary from or are not contained in the standard specifications. All papers bound with or attached to the proposal forms are a necessary part thereof and must not be detached. The Bidder must submit his proposal on the forms furnished by the Engineer. The blank spaces in the proposals must be filled in correctly, where indicated for each and every item for which a quantity is given, and the Bidder must state the prices for which he proposes to do each item of the work contemplated. 2 The Bidder shall sign his proposal correctly. If the proposal is made by an individual, his name and postoffice address must be shown. If made by a firm or partnership, the name and postoffice address of each member of the firm or partnership must be shown. If made by a corporation, the per¬ son signing the proposal must show the name of the State under the law of which the Corporation was chartered and the names, titles and business addresses of the President, Secretary and Treasurer. Proposals may be rejected if they show any omission, alteration of form, additions not called for, conditional or alternate bids, or irregularities of any kind which may tend to make the proposal indefinite or ambiguous as to its meaning. No proposals will be considered unless accompanied by a “proposal guaranty” of the character and amount indicated in the proposal form, made payable to the County Treasurer to the contracting County. All bids must be placed in sealed envelopes with a statement thereon show¬ ing the work covered by the bid, and addressed to the County Board. Pro¬ posals may be mailed to the County Auditor or submitted to him in person. No bids will be received after the time set for opening them. A bidder may withdraw his proposal without prejudice to himself, provided he files a writ¬ ten request with the County Auditor not later than the day before bids are to be opened. Proposals will be opened publicly and read at the time and the date set in the “Advertisement for Proposals” or “Notice to Contractors” in the office of the County Auditor of the said County. Bidders or their authorized agents are invited to be present. Any or all proposals will be rejected if there is reason for believing that collusion exists among the Bidders and all participants in such collusion will not be considered in future proposals for the same work. Proposals in which the prices obviously are unbalanced will be rejected. No contract will be awarded except to responsible bidders capable of performing the class of work contemplated. The Bidder shall furnish a complete statement of his experience and of the amount of capital and equipment available for the proposed work, if so requested by the Board or Engineer. Before any contract is awarded, the Bidder may be required to furnish a complete statement of the origin, composition and manufacture of any or all materials to be used in the construction of the highway together with samples, which samples may be subjected to whatever tests are required to determine their quality and fitness for the work. Sl-10 Signatures on Proposals Sl-11 Irregular Proposals Sl-12 Guaranty to Accompany Proposal Sl-13 Delivery of Proposals Sl-14 Opening of Proposals Sl-15 Disqualification of Bidders Sl-16 Material Samples AWARD AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACT The Board reserves the right to reject any or all proposals and to waive defects or technicalities, as they may deem best for the interests of the County. All contracts will be awarded by the Board to the lowest responsible bidder, within ten (10) days from the date of the opening of proposals. All “proposal guaranties” except that of the successful bidder will be returned within three (3) days following the award of the contract. When the award is deferred for a period of time longer than five (5) days after the opening of the proposals, all guaranties except those of the three (3) lowest bidders will be returned. Should no award be made within ten (10) days, all proposals will be rejected and all guaranties returned. The successful Bidder, at the time for the execution of the contract, must furnish bond in full amount of the contract as required by law with sureties satisfactory to the County Treasurer. The fonn of Bond is that required by statute for public contractors. Sl-17 Right to Reject Proposals Sl-18 Award of Contract Sl-19 Return of Proposal Guaranty Sl-20 Contract Bond Required 3 Sl-21 Execution of Contract Sl-22 Failure to Execute Contract Sl-23 Subletting or Assigning of Contract Sl-24 Patent Fees Royalties and Licenses Sl-25 Scope of Work Sl-26 Permits and Licenses Sl-27 Plans, etc., to Be Followed Sl-28 Interpretation of Plans, Etc. The individual, firm or corporation to whom or to which the contract has been awarded shall sign the necessary agreements, entering into a con¬ tract with the County and return them to the office of the County Auditor within ten (10) days, after he has received notice of award. No proposals shall be considered binding upon the County until the execution of the contract. Failure to comply with any of the requirements of these specifications and contract, or failure to enter security in a sum equal to the amount of the award or to execute the contract within ten (10) days, as specified, shall be just cause for the annulment of the award, or of the contract if executed, and it is understood by the Bidder, in the event of the annulment of the award, or of the contract, that the amount of the guaranty deposited with the proposal shall be retained by the County not as a penalty but as. liqui¬ dated damages. The Contractor shall not sublet, sell, transfer, assign, or otherwise dispose of the contract or any portion thereof, or of the work provided for therein, or of his right, title or interest therein to any person, firm or corporation, without the written consent of the Board and Engineer. All dealings of the Board and Engineer shall be with the Contractor. If the contract requires or the Contractor desires the use of any design, device, material, or process covered by letters patent or copyright, he shall provide for such use by suitable legal agreement with the patentee or owner and a copy of this agreement shall be filed with the Board; if no such agreement is made or filed as noted, the Contractor and the Surety shall indemnify and save harmless the County from any and all claims for infringe¬ ment by reason of the use of any such patented design, device, material or process, or any trade mark or copyright in connection with the work agreed to be performed under the contract, and shall indemnify the County for any costs, expenses and damages which it may be obliged to pay, by reason of any such infringement, at any time during the prosecution or after the completion of the work. GENERAL PROVISIONS The Contractor shall do all of the work indicated in the proposal and on the plans, remove all obstructions from within the lines of the highway, and shall do such additional extra and incidental work as may be considered necessary to complete the highway to the finished lines, grades and cross- sections in a substantial and an acceptable manner. He shall furnish, unless otherwise provided, in the “Special Provisions,” of the proposal and in the contract, all implements, machinery, equipment, tools, material and labor necessary to the prosecution of the work. The Contractor shall procure all permits and licenses, pay all charges and fees, and give all notices necessary and incident to the due and lawful prosecution of work. The approved plans, profiles and cross-sections on file in the office of the County Auditor, will show the location details and dimensions of the work contemplated, which shall be performed in strict accordance therewith and in accordance with the specifications. Any deviation from the plans, speci¬ fications, etc., as may be required by the exigencies of construction will, in all cases, be determined by the Engineer and authorized in writing. On all plans, drawings, etc., the figured dimensions shall govern in the case of discrepancy between the scales and figures. The Contractor shall take no advantage of any error or omission in the plans or of any discrepancy between the plans and specifications, and the Engineer shall make such corrections and interpretation as may be deemed necessary for the fulfillment of the intent of the specifications and of the plans as construed by him, and his decision shall be final. 4 Should any construction or conditions which are not covered by the standard specifications be anticipated on any proposed work, “special pro¬ visions” for such work will be stated on or attached to the proposal form and shall be considered a part of these specifications the same as though contained fully herein. Should any such special provisions or requirements conflict with these specifications the “Special Provisions” shall govern. The Engineer is given the right to make such alteration in the plans or in the character of the work as may be considered necessary or desirable, from time to time, to complete fully and perfectly the construction of the highway provided such alterations do not change materially the original plans and specifications and such alterations shall not be considered as a waiver of any conditions of the contract nor to invalidate any of the pro¬ visions thereof. Should such alterations in the character of the work be productive of increased unit cost or result in decreased unit cost to the Con¬ tractor, a fair and equitable sum therefor, to be agreed upon in writing by the Contractor and the Engineer before such work shall be begun, shall be added to or deducted from the contract price as the case may be. The Contractor shall perform such work, in additional quantities other than those designated in the estimate, as may be deemed necessary to fully complete the highway as planned and contemplated and shall receive for such additional work, payment in full, at the prices shown in the contract unless such prices are modified by written agreement in accordance with the foregoing paragraph. The right is reserved by the County to limit the construction under the contract of any item or items to the quantity of the item or the total cost of the several items as shown in the contract. The Contractor shall perform unclassified work, for which there is no quantity and price included in the contract, whenever, to complete fully the work as contemplated, it is deemed necessary or desirable, and such un¬ classified work shall be done in accordance with the specifications therefor, or in the best workmanlike manner as directed. This unclassified work will be paid for at a unit price or lump sum to be agreed upon previously in writing by the Contractor and the Engineer or where such a price or sum cannot be agreed upon by both parties, or where this method of pay¬ ment is impracticable, the Engineer may order the Contractor to do such work on a “Force Account” basis. All work done on a “Force Account” basis will be paid for in the follow¬ ing manner: (a) For all labor, teams and foremen in direct charge of the specific operation, the Contractor shall receive the current local rate of wage, to be agreed upon in writing before starting such work, for each and every hour that said labor, teams and foremen are engaged in such work. To this sum shall be added such other expense as is directly a part of the cost of the work, and to the total there shall be added an amount equal to 15% of the total sum thereof. (b) For all materials used, the Contractor shall receive the actual cost of such materials including freight charges, as shown by original re¬ ceipted bills, to which cost shall be added a sum equal to ten per centum (10%) of the cost of materials. (c) For any machine-power tools or equipment including fuel and lubri¬ cants, which it may be deemed necessary or desirable to use, the Engineer shall allow the Contractor a reasonable rental price, to be agreed upon in writing before such work is begun, for each and every hour that said tools or equipment are in use on such work and to which sum no percentage shall be added. The Compensation as herein provided shall be received by the Con¬ tractor as payment in full for work done on a “Force Account” basis, and shall include superintendence, use of tools and equipment for which no agreed rental is allowed, and profit. The Contractor’s representative and the Inspector shall compare records of work done on a “force account” Sl-29 Special Work Requirements Sl-30 Alteration of Plans or Character of Work Sl-31 Additional Work Sl-32 Unclassified Work Sl-33 Force Account Work 5 Sl-34 Unauthorized Work Sl-35 Prosecution ' of Work Sl-36 Limitation of Operations Sl-37 Character of Workmen and Equipment Sl-38 Co-operation of Contractor Required basis at the end of each day. Copies of these records shall be made in dupli¬ cate, on “force account forms,” provided for this purpose by the Engineer and signed by both the Inspector and the Contractor’s representative, one copy being forwarded respectively to the Engineer and the Contractor. All claims for work done on a “force account” basis shall be submitted to the Engineer, by the Contractor, upon certified triplicate statements to which shall be attached original receipted bills covering the cost of and the freight charges on all materials used in such work; and said statements shall be filed not later than the tenth (10th) day of the month following that in which the work was actually performed and shall include all labor charges, etc., and material charges insofar as they can be verified. Should the Contractor refuse or fail to prosecute such unclassified work as directed or to submit his claim as required, then the County Board may withhold payment of all current estimates until the Contractor’s refusal or failure is eliminated, or after giving the Contractor due notice, the County Board may make payment for said work on the basis of a reasonable estimate of the value of the work performed. Work done without lines and grades being given, work done beyond the lines and grades shown on the plans or as given, except as herein pro¬ vided, or any unclassified work done without written authority will be con¬ sidered as unauthorized and at the expense of the Contractor and will not be measured or paid for by the County Board. Work so done may be ordered removed and replaced at the Contractor’s expense. The place or places where the work is to be started will be stated in the special provisions. The Engineer shall have the right to change the point of operation of the Contractor’s outfit as he deems necessary, it being provided that where such changes entail additional cost to the contractor remunera¬ tion shall be made as provided in Sl-30. The work shall be prosecuted in such manner as is necessary to insure its completion within the time set forth in the proposal. Should the prosecution of work for any reason be discontinued by the Contractor, with the consent of the Engineer, he shall notify the Engineer at least twenty-four (24) hours before again resuming operations. At no time during the prosecution of the work shall more than a reason¬ able length of the roadway be under construction or obstructed to traffic without permission. The Contractor shall employ such superintendents, foremen and work¬ men as are careful and competent, and the Engineer may demand the dis¬ missal of any person or persons employed by the contractor in, about or upon the work who shall misconduct himself or be incompetent or negligent in the due and proper performance of his or their duties or any of them, or neglects or refuses to comply with the directions given, and such person or persons shall not be employed again thereon without the written consent of the Engineer. Should the Contractor continue to employ or again employ such person or persons, the County Board may withhold all estimates, which are or may become due, or the Engineer may suspend the work, until such orders are complied with. The Contractor shall furnish such equipment as is necessary for the prosecution of the work in an acceptable manner and at a satisfactory rate of progress. Equipment used on any portion of the work shall be such that no injury to the roadway, adjacent property or other highways will result from its use. The Contractor will be supplied, by the Engineer, with a copy of the plans and of the specifications, and he shall have them available on the work at all times, during the prosecution of the work. He shall give the work his constant attention to facilitate the progress thereof and shall co¬ operate with the Engineer in setting and preserving stakes, bench marks, and etc., and in all other things that are necessary to satisfactorily complete \ 6 the work as contemplated. He shall have at all times a competent and reliable representative on the work, authorized to receive orders and to act for him. The Contractor at all times shall observe and comply with all State Laws and local ordinances and regulations in any manner affecting the conduct of the work, and all such orders or decrees as exist at present and those which may be enacted later, of bodies or tribunals having any juris¬ diction or authority over the work and shall indemnify and save harmless the County and all of its officers, agents and servants against any claim or liability arising from or based on the violation of any such law, ordinance, regulation, or order of decrees, whether by himself or his employes. The Contractor shall provide and maintain in a neat and sanitary con¬ dition such accommodations for the use of his employes as may be necessary to comply with the requirements and regulations of the State Board of Health, or of other bodies or tribunals having jurisdiction therewith. He shall com¬ mit no public nuisance. The Contractor shall make provisions for cleaning up the camp site to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The Contractor at all times shall conduct the work in such manner as to ensure the least obstruction to traffic practicable. The convenience of the general public and of the residents along and adjacent to the highway shall be provided for in an adequate and satisfactory manner. Materials stored upon the highway shall be placed so as to cause as little obstruction to the travelling public as is necessary. The Contractor shall provide and maintain in passable condition such temporary by-passes and bridges as may be necessary to accommodate the local traffic diverted from the road¬ way under construction and shall provide and maintain in a safe condition temporary approaches to and crossing of intersecting highway. The En¬ gineer shall instruct the Contractor as to the location of by-passes and tem¬ porary bridges for accommodation of the public and all work connected therewith if ordered by the Engineer in writing shall be paid for by the County as unclassified work or as otherwise agreed upon. The County shall obtain the right of way for temporary by-passes on construction and the County shall maintain detours on public highways. The Contractor shall provide, erect and maintain all necessary barri¬ cades, suitable and sufficient red lights, danger signals and signs; provide a sufficient number of watchmen and take all necessary precautions for the protection of the work and safety of the public. Highways closed to traffic shall be protected by effective barricades on which shall be placed acceptable warning signs. All barricades and obstructions shall be illuminated at night and all lights shall be kept burning from sunset until sunrise. When the use of explosives is necessary for the prosecution of the work, the Contractor shall use the utmost care, so as not to endanger life or prop¬ erty, and whenever directed the number and size of the charges shall be re¬ duced. All explosives shall be stored in a secure manner and all such storage places shall be marked clearly, “DANGEROUS-EXPLOSIVES,” and shall be in care of competent watchmen at all times. The Contractor shall not enter upon private property for any purpose without obtaining permission and he shall be responsible for the preserva¬ tion of all public and private property, trees, monuments, etc., along and adjacent to the roadway and shall use every precaution necessary to prevent damage or injury thereto. He shall protect carefully from disturbance or damage all land monuments and property marks until authorized agent has witnessed or otherwise referenced their location and shall not remove them until directed. The Contractor shall not wilfully nor maliciously injure or destroy trees or shrubs and he shall not remove or cut them without proper authority. He shall be responsible for all damage or injury to prop- Sl-39 Laws to Be Observed Sl-40 Sanitary Provisions Sl-41 Public Convenience and Safety Sl-42 Barricades, Danger and Warning Signs Sl-43 Use of Explosives Sl-44 Preservation and Restoration of Property, Trees, Monuments, Etc. 7 Sl-45 Responsibility for Damage, Claims, Etc. Sl-46 Contractor’s Responsibility for Work Sl-47 Quality of Materials erty of any character, during the prosecution of the work, resulting from any act, omission, neglect or misconduct in his manner or method of exe¬ cuting said work satisfactorily, or due to his non-execution of said work, or at any time due to defective work or materials, and said responsibility shall not be released until the roadway shall have been completed and ac¬ cepted. When or where any direct or indirect damage or injury is done to public or private property by or on account of any act, omission, neglect, or misconduct in the execution of the work, or in consequence of the non¬ execution thereof on the part of the contractor, he shall restore, at his own expense, such property to a condition similar or equal to that existing before such damage or injury was done, by repairing, rebuilding or otherwise re¬ storing, as may be directed, or he shall make good such damage or injury in an acceptable manner. In case of the failure on the part of the Con¬ tractor to restore such property, or make good such damage or injury, the Engineer may, upon forty-eight (48) hours notice, proceed to repair, rebuild, or otherwise restore such property as may be deemed necessary, and the cost thereof will be deducted from any moneys due or which may become due the contractor under his contract. The Contractor shall indemnify and save harmless the County, the State Highway Department, and all of its officers, agents and employes from all suits, actions or claims of any character, name and description brought for, or on account of any injuries or damages received or sustained by any person, persons, or property by or from the said Contractor or by or in consequence of any neglect in safeguarding the work, or through the use of unacceptable materials in constructing the roadway, or by or on account of any act or omission, neglect or misconduct of said Contractor, or by or on account of any claims or amounts recovered for any infringement of patent, trade mark or copyright, or from any claims or amounts arising or recovered under the “Workmen’s Compensation Law,” or any other law, by-law, ordinance, order or decree and so much of the money due the said Contractor under and by virtue of his contract, as shall be considered neces¬ sary by the County Board, may be retained for the use of the County, or in case no money is due, his Surety shall be held until such suit or suits, action or actions, claim or claims, for injuries or damages, as aforesaid, shall have been settled and suitable evidence to that effect furnished to the County Board. Until acceptance of the work by the County Board, it shall be under the charge and care of the Contractor, and he shall take every reasonable pre¬ caution against injury or damage to the work or to any part thereof by the action of the elements or from any other cause whatsoever. The Con¬ tractor shall rebuild, repair, restore and make good, at his own expense, all injuries or damages to any portion of the highway occasioned by any of the above causes before its completion and acceptance, except for injuries or damages occasioned by acts of God or other causes manifestly beyond the control of the Contractor. The source of supply of each of the materials shall be approved by the Engineer before the delivery is started. Representative preliminary samples of the character and quantity herein described shall be submitted by the Contractor when indicated or directed, for examination or test; and written approval of the quality of such samples shall be received by the Contractor prior to obtaining materials from the respective sources of supply. Only materials conforming to the requirements of these specifications shall be used in the work. All materials proposed to be used may be inspected at any time during the progress of their preparation and use. All materials shall be approved before being incorporated in the work. Representative samples of all materials requiring laboratory tests shall be taken and such materials shall be used only after written approval has been received by the Engineer in charge of the work, and only so long as the quality of said ma¬ terials remains equal to the requirements. If after trial it is found that 4 8 partially developed quarries, ledges, banks or other sources of supply which have been approved upon samples or otherwise, do not furnish a uniform product, or if, for any reason, the product from any source at any time before commencing or during the prosecution of the work, proves unacceptable, the Contractor shall furnish approved material from other sources. After approval, any material which has become mixed with or coated by dirt or other foreign substances, during its delivery and handling, shall not be used in the work. Materials shall be stored so as to ensure the preservation of their quality and fitness for the work. When considered necessary they shall be placed on wooden platforms, or other hard, clean surface and not on the ground, and shall be placed under cover when directed. Stored materials shall be located so as to facilitate prompt inspection. Lawns, grass plots, or other private property shall not be used for storage purposes without written per¬ mission of the owner or lessee. The material from all structures found on the highway, which are not to remain in place or which have not been designated for use in the construc¬ tion, may be used by the Contractor for temporary purposes in connection with the construction unless specified otherwise in the “Special Provisions’’ of the proposal. When such materials are no longer needed for such use or are not to be used, they shall be stored on the right of way as directed. The Engineer will furnish and set survey stakes for the center line, grade, side of slopes, and other necessary points with proper notes thereon and ac¬ companied by any necessary detailed instructions. The Contractor shall furnish, free of charge, all additional stakes, and other materials necessary for making and maintaining points and lines given. The Contractor shall be held responsible for the preservation of all stakes and marks and if in the opinion of the Engineer, any of the survey stakes or marks have been care¬ lessly or wilfully destroyed or disturbed by the Contractor, the cost to the County of replacing them shall be charged against him and shall be deducted from the payment for the work. Finished surfaces, in all cases, shall con¬ form with the lines and grades given and as shown on the approved plans. The crown or rise of the finished surface of the roadway, from the shoulder line to the center line, shall be as shown on the typical cross-section of the plans, except as or wherever to ensure correct drainage or for other reasons changes may be directed. On curves or at other places where deemed nec¬ essary, the Contractor may be required to bank the roadway so that the finished surface shall slope in one direction from one side line to the other. The inspector shall be authorized to inspect all work done and materials furnished. Such inspection may extend to all or any part of the work and to the preparation or manufacture of the materials to be used. An Inspector shall be stationed on the work to report to the Engineer as to the progress of the work and the manner in which it is being performed; also to report whenever it appears that the materials furnished and the work performed by the Contractor fail to fulfill the requirements of the specifications and contract, and to call to the attention of the Contractor any such failure or other infringement; such inspection, however, shall not relieve the Con¬ tractor from any obligation to perform all of the work strictly in accordance with the requirements of the specifications. In case of any dispute arising between the Contractor and the Inspector as to materials furnished or the manner of performing the work, the Inspector shall have the authority to reject materials or suspend the work until the question at issue can be re¬ ferred to and decided by the Engineer. The Inspector shall perform such other duties as are assigned to him. He shall not be authorized to revoke, alter, enlarge, relax or release any requirements of these specifications, nor to approve or accept any portion of the work, nor to issue instructions con¬ trary to the plans and specifications. The Inspector shall in no case act as Sl-48 Storage of Materials Sl-49 Disposal of Structures Found on the Highway Sl-50 Line, Grade and Measurement Stakes Sl-51 Crown of Road¬ way Surface Sl-62 Authority and Duties of Inspectors 9 Sl-53 Engineer to Be Referee Sl-54 Inspection of Materials and Work Sl-55 Defective Materials and Work Sl-56 Failure to Remove and Re¬ new Defective Materials and Work foreman or perform other duties for the Contractor nor interfere with the management of the work by the latter. Any advice which the Inspector may give the Contractor shall in no wise be construed as binding the En¬ gineer nor the County in any way, nor releasing the Contractor from the fulfillment of the terms of the contract. To prevent misunderstanding and litigation, the Engineer shall decide any and all questions which may arise as to the quality and acceptability of materials furnished and work performed and as to the manner of perform¬ ance and rate of progress of said work, and shall decide all questions which may arise as to the interpretation of any or all plans relating to the work and of the specifications, and all questions as to the acceptable fulfillment of the contract on the part of the Contractor; and the Engineer shall deter¬ mine the amount and quantity of the several kinds of work performed and materials furnished which are to be paid for under the contract, and such estimates, in case any question shall arise, shall be a condition precedent to the right of the Contractor to receive any money due under the con¬ tract. Any doubt as to the meaning of or any obscurity as to the wording of these specifications and contract will be explained by, and all directions and explanations requisite or necessary to complete, explain or make definite any of the provisions of the specifications or contract and to give them due effect, will be given by the Engineer. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer every reasonable facility for ascertaining whether or not the work as performed is in accordance with the requirements and intent of the specifications and contract. If the En¬ gineer requests it, the Contractor, at any time before acceptance of the work, shall remove or uncover such portions of the finished work as may be directed. After examination, the Contractor shall restore said portions of the work to the standard required by the specifications. Should the work thus exposed or examined prove acceptable, the uncovering, or remov¬ ing, and the replacing of the covering or making good of the parts removed, shall be paid for as “Unclassified Work,” but should the work so exposed or examined prove unacceptable the uncovering, or removing, and the re¬ placing of the covering or making good of the parts removed shall be at the Contractor’s expense. All materials not conforming to the requirements of these specifications shall be considered as defective and all such materials, whether in place or not, shall be rejected and shall be removed immediately from the right of way, unless otherwise permitted. No material which has been rejected —the defects of which have been corrected or removed, shall be used until approval has been given. All work which has been rejected or condemned shall be remedied or if necessary removed and replaced in an acceptable manner by the Contractor at his own expense. The County shall have authority to take over and use defective work without compensation to the Contractor when the Contractor fails or refuses to rebuild such faulty work. Should the Contractor fail or refuse to remove and renew any defective materials used or work performed previously, or to make any necessary re¬ pairs in an acceptable manner and in accordance with the requirements of these specifications, within the time indicated in writing, the Engineer shall have the authority to cause the unacceptable or defective materials or work to be removed and renewed or such repairs to be made at the Contractor’s expense. Any expense incurred by the County or the State Highway De¬ partment in making these removals, renewals or repairs, which the Con¬ tractor has failed or refused to make, shall be paid for out of any moneys due or which may become due the Contractor, or may be charged against the “Contract Bond” deposited; and continued failure or refusal on the part of the Contractor to make any or all necessary repairs promptly, fully and in an acceptable manner shall be sufficient cause for the County to declare the contract forfeited, in which case the County Board, at their option, 10 may purchase materials, tools and equipment and employ labor or may con¬ tract with any other individual, firm or corporation to perform the work. All costs and expenses incurred thereby shall be charged against the Con¬ tractor and the amount thereof deducted from any monyes due or which may become due him, or shall be charged against the “Contract Bond” deposited. Any work performed, as described in this paragraph, shall not relieve the Contractor in any way from his responsibility for the work per¬ formed by him. Upon completion of the work and before acceptance and final payment shall be made, the Contractor shall clean and remove from the right of way and adjacent property, all surplus and discarded materials, rubbish and temporary structures, restore in an acceptable manner all property, both public and private, which has been damaged during the prosecution of the work, and shall leave the right of way in a neat and presentable condition throughout the entire length of the highway under contract. Sl-67 Final Cleaning Up of Right of Way The Engineer shall have the authority to suspend the work, wholly or in part, for such period or periods as he may deem necessary, due to un¬ suitable weather, or such other conditions as are considered unfavorable for the suitable prosecution of the work, or for such time as is necessarily due to the failure on the part of the Contractor to carry out orders given or perform any or all provisions of the contract. If it should become neces¬ sary to stop work for an indefinite period, the Contractor shall store all materials in such manner that they will not obstruct or impede the travelling public unnecessarily nor become damaged in any way, and he shall take every precaution to prevent damage or deterioration of the work performed, provide suitable drainage of the roadway by opening ditches, shoulder drains, etc., and erect temporary structures where necessary. The Contractor shall not suspend work during the construction season without authority. The Contractor shall perform fully, entirely and in an acceptable manner the work contracted for within the time stated in the contract. If the satis¬ factory execution and completion of the contract shall require work or ma¬ terial in greater amounts or quantities than those set forth in the contract then the contract time shall be increased in the same proportions as the ad¬ ditional work bears to the original work contracted for. No allowance shall be made for delay or suspension of the prosecution of the work due to fault of the Contractor. Provided, however, that upon receipt of written notice from the Contractor of the existence of causes over which said Con¬ tractor has no control and which must delay the completion of the work, the County Board may at their discretion extend the date specified for the completion of said work, and in such case the Contractor shall become liable for liquidated damages for failure to perform work within the time as so extended. For each working day that any work shall remain uncompleted, after the time specified in the proposal and contract and allowed by the Engineer for the completion of the work provided for in these plans, specifications and contract, the sum per day, given in the following schedule, unless other¬ wise specified in the proposal, shall be deducted from the moneys due the Contractor, not as a penalty, but as liquidated damages. Amount of Liquidated Amount of Contract Damages per Day. $5,000 and less.$10.00 More than $5,000 and less than $10,000. 15.00 $10,000 and less than $20,000. 20.00 $20,000 and less than $50,000. 25.00 $50,000 or more. 30.00 Sl-58 Temporary Suspension of Work Sl-69 Computation of Contract Time for Completion Sl-60 Failure to Complete the Work on Time li Sl-61 Non-fulfillment of Contract If the Contractor fails to begin the work under contract within the time specified, or fails to perform the work with sufficient workmen and equip¬ ment or with sufficient materials to ensure the prompt completion of said work, or shall perform the work unsuitably or shall neglect or refuse to remove materials or perform anew such work as shall be rejected as de¬ fective and unsuitable, or shall discontinue the prosecution of the work, or if the Contractor shall become insolvent or declared bankrupt, or commit any act of bankruptcy or insolvency, or shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or from any other cause whatsoever shall not carry on the work in an acceptable manner, the Engineer shall give notice in writing to the Contractor and his Surety of such delays, neglect or default, specifying the same, and if the Contractor, within a period of ten (10) days after such notice, shall not proceed in accordance therewith, then the County Board shall, upon written certificates from the Engineer of the fact of such delays, neglect or default and the Contractor’s failure to comply with such notice, have full power and authority, without violating the contract, to take the prosecution of the work out of the hands of said Contractor, to appropriate or use any or all materials and equipment on the ground as may be suitable and accept¬ able and may enter into an agreement for the completion of said contract according to the terms and provisions thereof, or use such other methods as, in its opinion, shall be required for the completion of said contract in an ac¬ ceptable manner. All costs and charges incurred by the County, together with the costs of completing the work under contract, shall be deducted from any moneys due or which may become due said Contractor. In case the expense so incurred by the County shall be less than the sum which would have been payable under the contract, if it had been completed by said Con¬ tractor, then the said Contractor shall be entitled to receive the difference, and in case Such expense shall exceed the sum which would have been pay¬ able under the contract, then the Contractor and the Surety shall be liable and shall pay to the County the amount of said excess. Sl-62 Scope of Payments The Contractor shall receive and accept the compensation as herein provided, in full payment for furnishing all materials, labor, tools, and equipment and for performing all work contemplated and embraced under the contract, also for all loss or damage arising out of the nature of the work, or from the action of the elements, until its final acceptance by the County Board, and for all risks connected with the prosecution of the work, also for all expenses incurred by, or in consequence of, the suspension or discon¬ tinuance of the said prosecution of the work as herein specified, and for completing the highway and the whole thereof. The payment of any current or final estimate, or of any retained percentage shall in no way or in no degree prejudice or affect the obligation of the Contractor, at his own cost and expense, to repair, correct, renew or replace any defects and imperfections in the construction of or in the strength of or quality of materials used in or about the construction of the highway under contract and its appurten¬ ances as well as all damage due or attributable to such defects, which de¬ fects, imperfections, or damages shall be discovered on or before the final inspection and acceptance of the roadway, and of which defects, imper¬ fections, or damages the Commissioner and the Engineer shall be the Judge, and the said Contractor shall be liable to the County for failure so to do. No moneys, payable under the contract, or any part thereof except the estimate for the first month, or period, shall become due and payable, if the County Board so elects until the Contractor shall satisfy the said County Board that he has fully settled or paid for all materials and equipment used in or upon the work and labor done in connection therewith. In the case of paving contracts the Contractor shall receive in addition to the price bid for the work any increase in cost due to a change in railway freight rates made subsequent to the award of the contract, and there shall be deducted from the contract price any decrease in cost due to a change in railway freight rates made subsequent to the award of the contract. This shall apply only on carload lot shipments of material used in construction. ♦ 12 The Engineer will make current estimates in writing, once each month, as the work progresses of the materials in place complete and the amount of work performed in accordance with the contract, during the preceding month or period and the value thereof figured at the unit prices contracted, except as noted elsewhere in these specifications. On paving and bridge contracts, monthly estimates shall include the value of all cement properly stored, all coarse aggregate, sand and steel which has been delivered to the railway siding adjacent to the work or to the site of the work. From the total of the amounts so ascertained eighty-five per centum (85%) will be paid in the manner provided by Section 22, Chapter 323, Laws of 1921. No partial estimates will be allowed on contracts of less than $500.00. Whenever, in the opinion of the Engineer, the Contractor shall have completed the highway in an acceptable manner in accordance with the terms of the contract, the Engineer shall make a final inspection of the entire highway and upon completion of all necessary repairs, or renewals, he shall certify to the County Board in writing as to said completion, and shall fur¬ ther certify as to the entire amount of each class of work performed and as to the value thereof. The County Board, upon receipt of said certificate, shall in turn certify the aforesaid certificate or estimate to the County Auditor for final payment, and shall notify the Contractor and his Surety of the acceptance of the highway. The action of the County Board and the Engineer, by which the Contractor is to be bound and the contract con¬ cluded according to the terms thereof, shall be evidenced by the aforesaid certificate and final payment, all prior certificates or estimates upon which payments may have been made being merely partial estimates and subject to correction in the final payment. The County, the Commissioner, or the Engineer, shall not be precluded or estopped by any measurement, estimate or certificate, made or given by them, or by any of their agents or employes, under any provision, or pro¬ visions, of the contract, at any time, either before or after the completion and acceptance of the highway and payment thereof pursuant to any meas¬ urement, estimate or certificate, from showing the true and correct amount and character of the work performed and materials furnished by the Con¬ tractor, or from showing, at any time, that any such measurement, estimate or certificate, is untrue or incorrectly made in any particular, or that the work of materials, or any part thereof do not conform in fact to specifications and contract, and the County shall have the right to reject the whole or any part of the aforesaid work or material, should the said measurement, estimate, certificate or payment be found, or be known to be inconsistent with the terms of the Contract, or otherwise improperly given, and the County shall not be precluded or estopped notwithstanding any such meas¬ urement, estimates certificate and payment in accordance herewith, from demanding and recovering from the Contractor and his Surety such dam¬ ages as it may sustain by reason of his failure to comply with the terms of the specifications and contract. Neither the acceptance of the Commis¬ sioner, the Engineer or any of their agents or employes, nor any certificates by the Engineer, for payment of money, nor any payment for, nor accept¬ ance of the whole or any part of the work by the County, the Commissioner, or Engineer, nor any extension of time, nor any possession taken by the County or its employes, shall operate as a waiver of any portion of the con¬ tract or any power herein reserved by the County, or any right to damages herein provided, nor shall any waiver of any breach of the contract be held to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach. Sl-63 Partial Payments Sl-64 Acceptance and Final Payment Sl-65 No Waiver of Legal Rights 13 . . '• •i ■ ' ' : ■ yv;i f ’-hi ** . ■ , • • ■ .' . • •• *tR:-;: o *■ ■ ' '' ■ ■ tii- ; >«> i jrrjK'ln • ; * t; ’ * vlrt '- f ' ' ■ ( \ ‘ 1 I fl*| , ' ‘ : \ ’ •' * 4 ‘ . * :'ll : ■. ■ ■■ - • . * . ....... 1 ' k * > •*_ ■ i ' ■ * ft. * • . t • •. . :tt >> • ■ . ' itK’ if 1 . • r • 1 ‘ | ' ' '.[{(!’ - ’ ,! / r '. i f ■ • >: W'ltjf> '• K • i : • 1 • . Iht.i'-i ’ V 1 ■ : . - a t in /if&ijJ ytJ !*> ( ■ I. ... . - ., ‘ . V ■ . ; . :-r. Mw ■ 1 • » . . • - ..-u.M :: • it 11 ■' . , , ,< ^ 'tier. ■.»*> 'i •/« --fif -• ,; ' r u * ■ , .i ■ i;< ' ’ 1 ] \ ) |1\#< *; < /« ■ v.'$ f ■■ t.t; ■’* )ViJ. . . ■ ■ ' ' ■ .ift' ’.»>» . ><< •• . . f n - ti iih.j’i it'; - i • * y 'i f' n ,v iti. 4 uril nj ;t ,ii *• > )1 (> •! iV/.q imtu >.-• : vl.: •»i 'MV rtstekf ■ ■ , 1 : 1 •' ■' - , fr.nrft :>tU . \ , » i > * '• ' • 4 : h ro ) H (!: >' .'f.H VHfJ •) i i )'> n TO B -a;: ft) nil ,l"i ■«.: i V . 1 Minnesota Standard Specifications Section One. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Whenever in these specifications and contract the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used, the intent and meaning shall be inter¬ preted as follows: “State”—The State of Minnesota, referred to in these specifications as the Party of the First Part. “Commissioner”—Commissioner of Highways of the State of Minnesota. “Engineer”—The Chief Engineer of the Minnesota Highway Depart¬ ment, acting directly or through an engineer duly authorized by the Commissioner or The Chief Engineer, such engineer acting within the scope of the particular duties assigned to him or the authority given him. “Inspector”—An authorized representative of the Engineer, assigned to make any or all necessary inspections of the work performed and materials furnished by the contractor. “Bidder”—Any individual, firm or corporation submitting a proposal for the work contemplated, acting directly or through a duly authorized representative. “Contractor”—Party of the second part to the contract, acting directly or through his agents or employes. “Surety”—The persons or the corporate body which is bound with, and for the Contractor (who is primarily liable) and which engages to be re¬ sponsible for his payment of all debts pertaining to and for his acceptable performance of the work for which he has contracted. “Proposal Form”-—The approved prepared form on which the Bidder is to or has submitted his, their or its proposal for the work contemplated. “Proposal Guaranty”—The security designated in the proposal to be furnished by the Bidder as a guaranty of good faith to enter into a contract with the State, if the work is awarded to him. “Plans”-—All drawings or reproduction of drawings, pertaining to the construction of the highway and its appurtenances. “Specifications”—The directions, provisions and requirements contained herein, together with all written agreements made or to be made, pertaining to the method and manner of performing the work, or to the quantities and qualities of materials to be furnished under the contract. “ Contract’’—The agreement covering the performance of the work and the furnishing of materials in the construction of the Highway. The Con¬ tract shall include the “Proposal,” “Plans,” “Specifications,” and “Con¬ tract Bond,” also any and all supplemental agreements which reasonably could be required to complete the construction of the highway in a sub¬ stantial and acceptable manner. “Contract Bond”—The approved form of security furnished by the Con¬ tractor and his Surety as a guaranty of good faith on the part of the Con¬ tractor to execute the work in accordance with the terms of the Contract. “Right of Way”—The whole area which is reserved and secured for highway purposes. “Highway”—That portion of the right of way included within the clearing limits, including the roadway, and its appertaining bridges, struct¬ ures and slopes, and all ditches, channels, waterways, etc., necessary to its correct drainage. “Roadway”—That portion of the highway particularly devoted to the use of vehicles. Sl-1 Definition of Terms * Sl-2 Meaning of Expressions Sl-3 Documents Included in Contract Sl-4 Subheadings In order to avoid cumbersome and confusing repetition of expressions in these specifications, whenever it is provided that anything is, or is to be, or to be done, if, or as, of when, or where “contemplated,” “required,” “di¬ rected,” “specified,” “authorized,” “ordered,” “given,” “designated,” “in¬ dicated,” “considered necessary,” “deemed necessary,” “permitted,” “sus¬ pended,” “approved,” “acceptable,” “unacceptable,” “suitable,” “unsuit¬ able,” “satisfactory,” “unsatisfactory,” or “sufficient” it shall be taken to mean and intend, by or to the Engineer with the approval of the Commis¬ sioner. It should be understood thoroughly by all concerned that all things con¬ tained herein, the “Instructions to Bidders,” the “Award and Execution of Contract,” the “General Provisions,” the “Road Construction,” the “Bridge and Culvert Construction,” also the “Proposal,” the “Plans,” the “Adver¬ tisement for Proposals,” or “Notice to Contractors,” and the “Contract Bond,” as well as any papers attached to or bound with any of the above, also any and all supplemental agreements made or to be made, are herein made a part of these Specifications and Contract, and are to be considered one instrmnent. The intent is to make them explanatory one of the other. No papers attached to or bound with any of the above shall be detached therefrom as all are a necessary part thereof. Subheadings printed in these Specifications are intended for convenience or reference only and shall not be considered as having any bearing on the interpretation thereof. ( Sl-5 Estimates of Quantities Sl-6 Familiarity With Proposed Work Sl-7 Familiarity With Laws, etc. Sl-8 Contents of Proposal Forms Sl-9 Instructions for Filling in Proposal Forms INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS The plans represent the foreseen conditions, and the various quantities shown therein and in the Proposal may necessarily be increased or diminished by the Engineer during construction without impairing this contract. The bidder shall examine to his satisfaction the site of the proposed work and should also satisfy himself as to the quantities of work to be done as determined from the plans. He should be thoroughly familiar with the specifications, including all special provisions, and the contract forms. The Bidder is assumed to have made himself familiar with all State Laws and Local Ordinances and Regulations which in any manner affect those engaged or employed in the work, or the materials or equipment used in or upon the roadway, or in any way affect the conduct of the work, and no plea of misunderstanding will be considered on account of the ignorance thereof. If the Bidder or Contractor shall discover any provision in the plans, specifications or contract which is contrary to or inconsistent with any such law, ordinance or regulation, he shall forthwith report it to the Engineer in writing. The Bidder will be furnished with the proposal form by the Engineer, which will state the location and description of the roadway or structure thereon to be constructed and which will show the estimate of the various quantities of work to be performed and materials to be furnished, the time in which the work must be completed, the amount of the “ Proposal Guaranty” (which must accompany the proposal) and the date and time of the opening of proposal. It will also state any special provisions or requirements which vary from or are not contained in the standard specifications. All papers bound with or attached to the proposal forms are a necessary part thereof and must not be detached. The Bidder must submit his proposal on the forms furnished by the Engineer. The blank spaces in the proposals must be filled in correctly, where indicated for each and every item for which a quantity is given, and the Bidder must state the prices for which he proposes to do each item of the work contemplated. \ 2 The Bidder shall sign his proposal correctly. If the proposal is made by an individual, his name and postoffice address must be shown. If made by a firm or partnership, the name and postoffice address of each member of the firm or partnership must be shown. If made by a corporation, the per¬ son signing the proposal must show the name of the State under the law of which the Corporation was chartered and the names, titles and business addresses of the President, Secretary and Treasurer. Proposals may be rejected if they show any omission, alteration of form, additions not called for, conditional or alternate bids, or irregularities of any kind which may tend to make the proposal indefinite or ambiguous as to its meaning. No proposals will be considered unless accompanied by a “proposal guaranty” of the character and amount indicated in the proposal form, made payable to the Commissioner of Highways. All bids must be placed in a sealed envelope with a statement thereon showing the work covered by the bid, and addressed to the Commissioner. Proposals may be mailed to the Commissioner or submitted to him in person. No bids will be received after the time set for opening them. A bidder may withdraw his proposal without prejudice to himself, provided he files a writ¬ ten request with the Commissioner not later than the day before bids are to be opened. Proposals will be opened publicly and read at the time and the date set in the “Advertisement for Proposals” or “Notice to Contractors” in the office of the Commissioner or such designated place of the said State. Bid¬ ders or their authorized agents are invited to be present. Any or all proposals will be rejected if there is reason for believing that collusion exists among the Bidders and all participants in such collusion will not be considered in future proposals for the same work. Proposals in which the prices obviously are unbalanced will be rejected. No contract will be awarded except to responsible bidders capable of performing the class of work contemplated. The Bidder shall furnish a complete statement of his experience and of the amount of capital and equipment available for the proposed work, if so requested by the Commissioner. Before any contract is awarded, the Bidder may be required to furnish a complete statement of the origin, composition and manufacture of any or all materials to be used in the construction of the highway together with samples, which samples may be subjected to whatever tests are required to determine their quality and fitness for the work. Sl-10 Signatures on Proposals Sl-11 Irregular Proposals Sl-12 Guaranty to Accompany Proposal Sl-13 Delivery of Proposals Sl-14 Opening of Proposals Sl-15 Disqualification of Bidders Sl-16 Material Samples AWARD AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACT The Commissioner reserves the right to reject any or all proposals and to waive defects or technicalities, as they may deem best for the interests of the State. All contracts will be awarded by the Commissioner to the lowest responsible bidder, within ten (10) days from the date of the opening of proposals. All “proposal guaranties” except that of the successful bidder will be returned within three (3) days following the award of the contract. When the award is deferred for a period of time longer than five (5) days after the opening of the proposals, all guaranties except those of the three (3) lowest bidders will be returned. Should no award be made within ten (10) days, all proposals will be rejected and all guaranties returned. The successful Bidder, at the time for the execution of the contract, must furnish bond in full amount of the contract as required by law with sureties satisfactory to the Commissioner. The form of Bond is that required by statute for public contractors. Sl-17 Right to Reject Proposals Sl-18 Award of Contract Sl-19 Return of Proposal Guaranty Sl-20 Contract Bond Required 3 Sl-21 Execution of Contract Sl-22 Failure to Execute Contract Sl-23 Subletting or Assigning of Contract Sl-24 Patent Fees Royalties and Licenses The individual, firm or corporation to whom or to which the contract has been awarded shall sign the necessary agreements, entering into a con¬ tract with the State and return them to the office of the Commissioner within ten (10) days, after he has received notice of award. No proposals shall be considered binding upon the State until the execution of the contract. Failure to comply with any of the requirements of these specifications and contract, or failure to enter security in a sum equal to the amount of the award or to execute the contract within ten (10) days, as specified, shall be just cause for the annulment of the award, or of the contract if executed, and it is understood by the Bidder, in the event of the annulment of the award, or of the contract, that the amount of the guaranty deposited with the proposal shall be retained by the State not as a penalty butTas liqui¬ dated damages. The Contractor shall not sublet, sell, transfer, assign, or otherwise dispose of the contract or any portion thereof, or of the work provided for therein, or of his right, title or interest therein to any person, firm or corporation, without the written consent of the Commissioner. All dealings of the Com¬ missioner shall be with the Contractor. If the contract requires or the Contractor desires the use of any design, device, material, or process covered by letters patent or copyright, he shall provide for such use by suitable legal agreement with the patentee or own¬ er and a copy of this agreement shall be filed with the Commissioner; if no such agreement is made or filed as noted, the Contractor and the Surety shall indemnify and save harmless the State from any and all claims for infringe¬ ment by reason of the use of any such patented design, device, material or process, or any trade mark or copyright in connection with the work agreed to be performed under the contract, and shall indemnify the State for any costs, expenses and damages which it may be obliged to pay, by reason of any such infringement, at any time during the prosecution or after the completion of the work. Sl-25 Scope of Work Sl-26 Permits and Licenses Sl-27 Plans, etc., to Be Followed Sl-28 Interpretation of Plans, Etc. GENERAL PROVISIONS The Contractor shall do all of the work indicated in the proposal and on the plans, remove all obstructions from within the lines of the highway, and shall do such additional extra and incidental work as may be considered necessary to complete the highway to the finished lines, grades and cross- sections in a substantial and an acceptable manner. He shall furnish, unless otherwise provided in the “Special Provisions” of the proposal and in the contract, all implements, machinery, equipment, tools, material and labor necessary to the prosecution of the work. The Contractor shall procure all permits and licenses, pay all charges and fees, and give all notices necessary and incident to the due and lawful prosecution of work. The approved plans, profiles and cross-sections on file in the office of the Commissioner will show the location, details and dimensions of the work contemplated, which shall be performed in strict accordance therewith and in accordance with the specifications. Any deviation from the plans, speci¬ fications, etc., as may be required by the exigencies of construction will, in all cases, be determined by the Engineer and authorized in writing. On all plans, drawings, etc., the figured dimensions shall govern in the case of discrepancy between the scales and figures. The Contractor shall take no advantage of any error or omission in the plans or of any discrepancy between the plans and specifications, and the Engineer shall make such corrections and interpretation as may be deemed necessary for the fulfillment of the intent of the specifications and of the plans as construed by him, and his decision shall be final. 4 Should any construction or conditions which are not covered by the standard specifications be anticipated on any proposed work, “special pro¬ visions” for such work will be stated on or attached to the proposal form and shall be considered a part of these specifications the same as though contained fully herein. Should any such special provisions or requirements conflict with these specifications the “Special Provisions” shall govern. The Engineer is given the right, with the approval of the Commissioner, to make such alteration in the plans or in the character of the work as may be considered necessary or desirable, from time to time, to complete fully and perfectly the construction of the highway provided such alterations do not change materially the original plans and specifications and such alterations shall not be considered as a waiver of any conditions of the contract nor to invalidate any of the provisions thereof. Should such alterations in the character of the work be productive of increased unit cost or result in de¬ creased unit cost to the Contractor, a fair and equitable sum therefor, to be agreed upon in writing by the Contractor and the Engineer before such work shall be begun, shall be added to or deducted from the contract price as the case may be. The Contractor shall perform such work, in additional quantities other than those designated in the estimate, as may be deemed necessary to fully complete the highway as planned and contemplated and shall receive for such additional work, payment in full, at the prices shown in the contract unless such prices are modified by written agreement in accordance with the foregoing paragraph. The right is reserved by the Commissioner to limit the construction under the contract of any item or items to the quantity of the item or the total cost of the several items as shown in the contract. The Contractor shall perform unclassified work, for which there is no quantity and price included in the contract, whenever, to complete fully the work as contemplated, it is deemed necessary or desirable, and such un¬ classified work shall be done in accordance with the specifications therefor, or in the best workmanlike manner as directed. This unclassified work will be paid for at a unit price or lump sum to be agreed upon previously in writing by the Contractor and the Engineer or where such a price or sum cannot be agreed upon by both parties, or where this method of pay¬ ment is impracticable, the Engineer may order the Contractor to do such work on a “Force Account” basis. All work done on a “Force Account” basis will be paid for in the follow¬ ing manner: (a) For all labor, teams and foremen in direct charge of the specific operation, the Contractor shall receive the current local rate of wage, to be agreed upon in writing before starting such work, for each and every hour that said labor, teams and foremen are engaged in such work. To this sum shall be added such other expense as is directly a part of the cost of the work, and to the total there shall be added an amount equal to 15% of the total sum thereof. (b) For all materials used, the Contractor shall receive the actual cost of such materials including freight charges, as shown by original re¬ ceipted bills, to which cost shall be added a sum equal to ten per centum (10%) of the cost of materials. (c) For any machine-power tools or equipment including fuel and lubri¬ cants, which it may be deemed necessary or desirable to use, the Engineer shall allow the Contractor a reasonable rental price, to be agreed upon in writing before such work is begun, for each and every hour that said tools or equipment are in use on such work and to which sum no percentage shall be added. The Compensation as herein provided shall be received by the Con¬ tractor as payment in full for work done on a “Force Account” basis, and shall include superintendence, use of tools and equipment for which no agreed rental is allowed, and profit. The Contractor’s representative and the Inspector shall compare records of work done on a “force account” Sl-29 Special Work Requirements Sl-30 Alteration of Plans or Character of W ork Sl-31 Additional Work Sl-32 Unclassified Work Sl-33 Force Account Work 5 Sl-34 Unauthorized Work Sl-36 Prosecution of Work Sl-36 Limitation of Operations basis at the end of each day. Copies of these records shall be made in dupli¬ cate, on “force account forms,” provided for this purpose by the Engineer and signed by both the Inspector and the Contractor’s representative, one copy being forwarded respectively to the Engineer and the Contractor. All claims for work done on a “force account” basis shall be submitted to the Engineer, by the Contractor, upon certified triplicate statements to which shall be attached original receipted bills covering the cost of and the freight charges on all materials used in such work; and said statements shall be filed not later than the tenth (10th) day of the month following that in which the work was actually performed and shall include all labor charges, etc., and material charges insofar as they can be verified. Should the Contractor refuse or fail to prosecute such unclassified work as directed or to submit his claim as required, then the Commissioner may withhold payment of all current estimates until the Contractor’s refusal or failure is eliminated, or after giving the Contractor due notice, the Commissioner may make payment for said work on the basis of a reasonable estimate of the value of the work performed. Work done without lines and grades being given, work done beyond the lines and grades shown on the plans or as given, except as herein pro¬ vided, or any unclassified work done without written authority will be con¬ sidered as unauthorized and at the expense of the Contractor and will not be measured or paid for by the State. Work so done may be ordered removed and replaced at the Contractor’s expense. The place or places where the work is to be started will be stated in the special provisions. The Engineer shall have the right to change the point of operation of the Contractor’s outfit as he deems necessary, it being provided that where such changes entail additional cost to the contractor remunera¬ tion shall be made as provided in Sl-30. The work shall be prosecuted in such manner as is necessary to insure its completion within the time set forth in the proposal. Should the prosecution of work for any reason be discontinued by the Contractor, with the consent of the Engineer, he shall notify the Engineer at least twenty-four (24) hours before again resuming operations. At no time during the prosecution of the work shall more than a reason¬ able length of the roadway be under construction or obstructed to traffic without permission. Sl-37 Character of Workmen and Equipment Sl-38 Co-operation of Contractor Required The Contractor shall employ such superintendents, foremen and work¬ men as are careful and competent, and the Engineer may demand the dis¬ missal of any person or persons employed by the contractor in, about or upon the work who shall misconduct himself or be incompetent or negligent in the due and proper performance of his or their duties or any of them, or neglects or refuses to comply with the directions given, and such person or persons shall not be employed again thereon without the written consent of the Engineer. Should the Contractor continue to employ or again employ such person or persons, the Commissioner may withhold all estimates, which are or may become due, or the Engineer may suspend the work, until such orders are complied with. The Contractor shall furnish such equipment as is necessary for the prosecution of the work in an acceptable manner and at a satisfactory rate of progress. Equipment used on any portion of the work shall be such that no injury to the roadway, adjacent property or other highways will result from its use. The Contractor will be supplied, by the Engineer, with a copy of the plans and of the specifications, and he shall have them available on the work at all times, during the prosecution of the work. He shall give the work his constant attention to facilitate the progress thereof and shall co¬ operate with the Engineer in setting and preserving stakes, bench marks, and etc., and in all other things that are necessary to satisfactorily complete 6 the work as contemplated. He shall have at all times a competent and reliable representative on the work, authorized to receive orders and to act for him. The Contractor at all times shall observe and comply with all State Laws and local ordinances and regulations in any manner affecting the conduct of the work, and all such orders or decrees as exist at present and those which may be enacted later, of bodies or tribunals having any juris¬ diction or authority over the work and shall indemnify and save harmless the State and all of its officers, agents'and servants against any claim or liability arising from or based on the violation of any such law, ordinance, regulation, or order of decrees, whether by himself or his employes. The Contractor shall provide and maintain in a neat and sanitary con¬ dition such accommodations for the use of his employes as may be necessary to comply with the requirements and regulations of the State Board of Health; or of other bodies or tribunals having jurisdiction therewith. He shall com¬ mit no public nuisance. The Contractor shall make provisions for cleaning up the camp site to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The Contractor at all times shall conduct the work in such manner as to ensure the least obstruction to traffic practicable. The convenience of the general public and of the residents along and adjacent to the highway shall be provided for in an adequate and satisfactory manner. Materials stored upon the highway shall be placed so as to cause as little obstruction to the travelling public as is necessary. The Contractor shall provide and maintain in passable condition such temporary by-passes and bridges as may be necessary to accommodate the local traffic diverted from the road¬ way under construction and shall provide and maintain in a safe condition temporary approaches to and crossing of intersecting highway. The En¬ gineer shall instruct the Contractor as to the location of by-passes and tem¬ porary bridges for accommodation of the public and all work connected therewith if ordered by the Engineer in writing shall be paid for by the State as unclassified work or as otherwise agreed upon. The State shall obtain the right of way for temporary by-passes on construction and the State shall maintain detours on public highways. The Contractor shall provide, erect and maintain all necessary barri¬ cades, suitable and sufficient red lights, danger signals and signs; provide a sufficient number of watchmen and take all necessary precautions for the protection of the work and safety of the public. Highways closed to traffic shall be protected by effective barricades on which shall be placed acceptable warning signs. All barricades and obstructions shall be illuminated at night and all lights shall be kept burning from sunset until sunrise. When the use of explosives is necessary for the prosecution of the work, the Contractor shall use the utmost care, so as not to endanger life or prop¬ erty, and whenever directed the number and size of the charges shall be re¬ duced. All explosives shall be stored in a secure manner and all such storage places shall be marked clearly, “DANGEROUS-EXPLOSIVES,” and shall be in care of competent watchmen at all times. The Contractor shall not enter upon private property for any purpose without obtaining permission and he shall be responsible for the preserva¬ tion of all public and private property, trees, monuments, etc., along and adjacent to the roadway and shall use every precaution necessary to prevent damage or injury thereto. He shall protect carefully from disturbance or damage all land monuments and property marks until authorized agent has witnessed or otherwise referenced their location and shall not remove them until directed. The Contractor shall not wilfully nor maliciously injure or destroy trees or shrubs and he shall not remove or cut them without proper authority. He shall be responsible for all damage or injury to prop- Sl-39 Laws to Be Observed Sl-40 Sanitary Provisions Sl-41 Public Convenience and Safety Sl-42 Barricades, Danger and Warning Signs Sl-43 Use of Explosives Sl-44 Preservation and Restoration of Property, Trees, Monuments, Etc. 7 Sl-45 Responsibility for Damage, Claims, Etc. Sl-46 Contractor’s Responsibility for Work Sl-47 Quality of Materials erty of any character, during the prosecution of the work, resulting from any act, omission, neglect or misconduct in his manner or method of exe¬ cuting said work satisfactorily, or due to his non-execution of said work, or at any time due to defective work or materials, and said responsibility shall not be released until the roadway shall have been completed and ac¬ cepted. When or where any direct or indirect damage or injury is done to public or private property by or on account of any act, omission, neglect, or misconduct in the execution of the work, or in consequence of the non¬ execution thereof on the part of the contractor, he shall restore, at his own expense, such property to a condition similar or equal to that existing before such damage or injury was done, by repairing, rebuilding or otherwise re¬ storing, as may be directed, or he shall make good such damage or injury in an acceptable manner. In case of the failure on the part of the Con¬ tractor to restore such property, or make good such damage or injury, the Engineer may, upon forty-eight (48) hours notice, proceed to repair, rebuild, or otherwise restore such property as may be deemed necessary, and the cost thereof will be deducted from any moneys due or which may become due the contractor under his contract. The Contractor shall indemnify and save harmless the State and all of its officers, agents and employes from all suits, actions or claims of any character, name and description brought for, or on account of any injuries or damages received or sustained by any person, persons, or property by or from the said Contractor or by or in consequence of any neglect in safeguard¬ ing the work, or through the use of unacceptable materials in constructing the roadway, or by or on account of any act or omission, neglect or miscon¬ duct of said Contractor, or by or on account of any claims or amounts recov¬ ered for any infringement of patent, trade mark or copyright, or from any claims or amounts arising or recovered under the “Workmen’s Compensa¬ tion Law,” or any other law, by-law, ordinance, order or decree and so much of the money due the said Contractor under and by virtue of his contract, as shall be considered necessary by the Commissioner, may be retained for the use of the State, or in case no money is due, his Surety shall be held until such suit or suits, action or actions, claim or claims, for injuries or damages, as aforesaid, shall have been settled and suitable evidence to that effect furnished to the Commissioner. Until acceptance of the work by the Commissioner, it shall be under the charge and care of the Contractor, and he shall take every reasonable pre¬ caution against injury or damage to the work or to any part thereof by the action of the elements or from any other cause whatsoever. The Con¬ tractor shall rebuild, repair, restore and make good, at his own expense, all injuries or damages to any portion of the highway occasioned by any of the above causes before its completion and acceptance, except for injuries or damages occasioned by acts of God or other causes manifestly beyond the control of the Contractor. The source of supply of each of the materials shall be approved by the Engineer before the delivery is started. Representative preliminary samples of the character and quantity herein described shall be submitted by the Contractor when indicated or directed, for examination or test; and written approval of the quality of such samples shall be received by the Contractor prior to obtaining materials from the respective sources of supply. Only materials conforming to the requirements of these specifications shall be used in the work. All materials proposed to be used may be inspected at any time during the progress of their preparation and use. All materials shall be approved before being incorporated in the work. Representative samples of all materials requiring laboratory tests shall be taken and such materials shall be used only after written approval has been received by the Engineer in charge of the work, and only so long as the quality of said ma¬ terials remains equal to the requirements. If after trial it is found that 8 partially developed quarries, ledges, banks or other sources of supply which have been approved upon samples or otherwise, do not furnish a uniform product, or if, for any reason, the product from any source at any time before commencing or during the prosecution of the work, proves unacceptable, the Contractor shall furnish approved material from other sources. After approval, any material which has become mixed with or coated by dirt or other foreign substances, during its delivery and handling, shall not be used in the work. Materials shall be stored so as to ensure the preservation of their quality and fitness for the work. When considered necessary they shall be placed on wooden platforms, or other hard, clean surface and not on the ground, and shall be placed under cover when directed. Stored materials shall be located so as to facilitate prompt inspection. Lawns, grass plots, or other private property shall not be used for storage purposes without written per¬ mission of the owner or lessee. The material from all structures found on the highway, which are not to remain in place or which have not been designated for use in the construc¬ tion, may be used by the Contractor for temporary purposes in connection with the construction unless specified otherwise in the “Special Provisions’’ of the proposal. When such materials are no longer needed for such use or are not to be used, they shall be stored on the right of way as directed. The Engineer will furnish and set survey stakes for the center line, grade, side of slopes, and other necessary points with proper notes thereon and ac¬ companied by any necessary detailed instructions. The Contractor shall furnish, free of charge, all additional stakes, and other materials necessary for making and maintaining points and lines given. The Contractor shall be held responsible for the preservation of all stakes and marks and if in the opinion of the Engineer, any of the survey stakes or marks have been care¬ lessly or wilfully destroyed or disturbed by the Contractor, the cost to the State of replacing them, shall be charged against him and shall be deducted from the payment for the work. Finished surfaces, in all cases, shall con¬ form with the lines and grades given and as shown on the approved plans. The crown or rise of the finished surface of the roadway, from the shoulder line to the center line, shall be as shown on the typical cross-section of the plans, except as or wherever to ensure correct drainage or for other reasons changes may be directed. On curves or at other places where deemed nec¬ essary, the Contractor may be required to bank the roadway so that the finished surface shall slope in one direction from one side line to the other. The inspector shall be authorized to inspect all work done and materials furnished. Such inspection may extend to all or any part of the work and to the preparation or manufacture of the materials to be used. An Inspector shall be stationed on the work to report to the Engineer as to the progress of the work and the manner in which it is being performed; also to report whenever it appears that the materials furnished and the work performed by the Contractor fail to fulfill the requirements of the specifications and contract, and to call to the attention of the Contractor any such failure or other infringement; such inspection, however, shall not relieve the Con¬ tractor from any obligation to perform all of the work strictly in accordance with the requirements of the specifications. In case of any dispute arising between the Contractor and the Inspector as to materials furnished or the manner of performing the work, the Inspector shall have the authority to reject materials or suspend the work until the question at issue can be re¬ ferred to and decided by the Engineer. The Inspector shall perform such other duties as are assigned to him. He shall not be authorized to revoke, alter, enlarge, relax or release any requirements of these specifications, nor to approve or accept any portion of the work, nor to issue instructions con¬ trary to the plans and specifications. The Inspector shall in no case act as Sl-48 Storage of Materials Sl-49 Disposal of Structures Found on the Highway Sl-50 Line, Grade and Measurement Stakes Sl-51 Crown of Road¬ way Surface Sl-52 Authority and Duties of Inspectors 9 Sl-53 Engineer to Be Referee Sl-54 Inspection of Materials and Work Sl-56 Defective Materials and Work Sl-56 Failure to Remove and Re¬ new Defective Materials and Work foreman or perform other duties for the Contractor nor interfere with the management of the work by the latter. Any advice which the Inspector may give the Contractor shall in no wise be construed as binding the En¬ gineer nor the County in any way, nor releasing the Contractor from the fulfillment of the terms of the contract. To prevent misunderstanding and litigation, the Engineer shall decide any and all questions which may arise as to the quality and acceptability of materials furnished and work performed and as to the manner of perform¬ ance and rate of progress of said work, and shall decide all questions which may arise as to the interpretation of any or all plans relating to the work and of the specifications, and all questions as to the acceptable fulfillment of the contract on the part of the Contractor; and the Engineer shall deter¬ mine the amount and quantity of the several kinds of work performed and materials furnished which are to be paid for under the contract, and such estimates, in case any question shall arise, shall be a condition precedent to the right of the Contractor to receive any money due under the con¬ tract. Any doubt as to the meaning of or any obscurity as to the wording of these specifications and contract will be explained by, and all directions and explanations requisite or necessary to complete, explain or make definite any of the provisions of the specifications or contract and to give them due effect, will be given by the Engineer. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer every reasonable facility for ascertaining whether or not the work as performed is in accordance with the requirements and intent of the specifications and contract. If the En¬ gineer requests it, the Contractor, at any time before acceptance of the work, shall remove or uncover such portions of the finished work as may be directed. After examination, the Contractor shall restore said portions of the work to the standard required by the specifications. Should the work thus exposed or examined prove acceptable, the uncovering, or remov¬ ing, and the replacing of the covering or making good of the parts removed, shall be paid for as “Unclassified Work,” but should the work so exposed or examined prove unacceptable the uncovering, or removing, and the re¬ placing of the covering or making good of the parts removed shall be at the Contractor’s expense. All materials not conforming to the requirements of these specifications shall be considered as defective and all such materials, whether in place or not, shall be rejected and shall be removed immediately from the right of way, unless otherwise permitted. No material which has been rejected —the defects of which have been corrected or removed, shall be used until approval has been given. All work which has been rejected or condemned shall be remedied or if necessary removed and replaced in an acceptable manner by the Contractor at his own expense. The State shall have author¬ ity to take over and use defective work without compensation to the Con¬ tractor when the Contractor fails or refuses to rebuild such faulty work. Should the Contractor fail or refuse to remove and renew any defective materials used or work performed previously, or to make any necessary re¬ pairs in an acceptable manner and in accordance with the requirements of these specifications, within the time indicated in writing, the Engineer shall have the authority to cause the unacceptable or defective materials or work to be removed and renewed or such repairs to be made at the Contractor’s expense. Any expense incurred by the State in making these removals, re¬ newals or repairs, which the Contractor has failed or refused to make, shall be paid for out of any moneys due or which may become due the Contractor, or may be charged against the “Contract Bond” deposited; and continued failure or refusal on the part of the Contractor to make any or all necessary repairs promptly, fully and in an acceptable manner shall be sufficient cause for the Commissioner to declare the contract forfeited, in which case the Commissioner, at his option, may purchase materials, tools and equipment 10 and employ labor or may contract with any other individual, firm or corpora¬ tion to perform the work. All costs and expenses incurred thereby shall be charged against the Contractor and the amount thereof deducted from any moneys due or which may become due him, or shall be charged against the “Contract Bond” deposited. Any work performed, as described in this paragraph, shall not relieve the Contractor in any way from his responsi¬ bility for the work performed by him. Upon completion of the work and before acceptance and final payment shall be made, the Contractor shall clean and remove from the right of way and adjacent property, all surplus and discarded materials, rubbish and temporary structures, restore in an acceptable manner all property, both public and private, which has been damaged during the prosecution of the work, and shall leave the right of way in a neat and presentable condition throughout the entire length of the highway under contract. The Engineer shall have the authority to suspend the work, wholly or in part, for such period or periods as he may deem necessary, due to un¬ suitable weather, or such other conditions as are considered unfavorable for the suitable prosecution of the work, or for such time as is necessarily due to the failure on the part of the Contractor to carry out orders given or perform any or all provisions of the contract. If it should become neces¬ sary to stop work for an indefinite period, the Contractor shall store all materials in such manner that they will not obstruct or impede the travelling public unnecessarily nor become damaged in any way, and he shall take every precaution to prevent damage or deterioration of the work performed, provide suitable drainage of the roadway by opening ditches, shoulder drains, etc., and erect temporary structures where necessary. The Contractor shall not suspend work during the construction season without authority. The Contractor shall perform fully, entirely and in an acceptable manner the work contracted for within the time stated in the contract. If the satis¬ factory execution and completion of the contract shall require work or ma¬ terial in greater amounts or quantities than those set forth in the contract then the contract time shall be increased in the same proportions as the ad¬ ditional work bears to the original work contracted for. No allowance shall be made for delay or suspension of the prosecution of the work due to fault of the Contractor. Provided, however, that upon receipt of written notice from the Contractor of the existence of causes over which said Con¬ tractor has no control and which must delay the completion of the work, the Commissioner may at his discretion extend the date specified for the completion of said work, and in such case the Contractor shall become liable for liquidated damages for failure to perform work within the time as so extended. For each working day that any work shall remain uncompleted, after the time specified in the proposal and contract and allowed by the Engineer for the completion of the work provided for in these plans, specifications and contract, the sum per day, given in the following schedule, unless other¬ wise specified in the proposal, shall be deducted from the moneys due the Contractor, not as a penalty, but as liquidated damages. Amount of Liquidated Amount of Contract Damages per Day. $5,000 and less.$10.00 More than $5,000 and less than $10,000. 15.00 $10,000 and less than $20,000. 20.00 $20,000 and less than $50,000. 25.00 $50,000 or more. 30.00 Sl-57 Final Cleaning Up of Right of Way Sl-58 Temporary Suspension of Work Sl-59 Computation of Contract Time for Completion Sl-60 Failure to Complete the Work on Time 11 Sl-61 Non-fulfillment of Contract If the Contractor fails to begin the work under contract within the time specified, or fails to perform the work with sufficient workmen and equip¬ ment or with sufficient materials to ensure the prompt completion of said work, or shall perform the work unsuitably or shall neglect or refuse to remove materials or perform anew such work as shall be rejected as de¬ fective and unsuitable, or shall discontinue the prosecution of the work, or if the Contractor shall become insolvent or declared bankrupt, or commit any act of bankruptcy or insolvency, or shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or from any other cause whatsoever shall not carry on the work in an acceptable manner, the Engineer shall give notice in writing to the Contractor and his Surety of such delays, neglect or default, specifying the same, and if the Contractor, within a period of ten (10) days after such notice, shall not proceed in accordance therewith, then the Commissioner shall, upon written certificates from the Engineer of the fact of such delays, neglect or default and the Contractor’s failure to comply with such notice, have full power and authority, without violating the contract, to take the prosecution of the work out of the hands of said Contractor, to appropriate or use any or all materials and equipment on the ground as may be suitable and accept¬ able and may enter into an agreement for the completion of said contract according to the terms and provisions thereof, or use such other methods as, in its opinion, shall be required for the completion of said contract in an ac¬ ceptable manner. All costs and charges incurred by the State, together with the costs of completing the work under contract, shall be deducted from any moneys due or which may become due said Contractor. In case the expense so incurred by the State shall be less than the sum which would have been payable under the contract, if it had been completed by said Con¬ tractor, then the said Contractor shall be entitled to receive the difference, and in case such expense shall exceed the sum which would have been pay¬ able under the contract, then the Contractor and the Surety shall be liable and shall pay to the State the amount of said excess. Sl-62 The Contractor shall receive and accept the compensation as herein Scope of provided, in full payment for furnishing all materials, labor, tools, and Payments equipment and for performing all work contemplated and embraced under the contract, also for all loss or damage arising out of the nature of the work, or from the action of the elements, until its final acceptance by the Commis¬ sioner, and for all risks connected with the prosecution of the work, also for all expenses incurred by, or in consequence of, the suspension or discon¬ tinuance of the said prosecution of the work as herein specified, and for completing the highway and the whole thereof. The payment of any current or final estimate, or of any retained percentage shall in no way or in no degree prejudice or affect the obligation of the Contractor, at his own cost and expense, to repair, correct, renew or replace any defects and imperfections in the construction of or in the strength of or quality of materials used in or about the construction of the highway under contract and its appurten¬ ances as well as all damage due or attributable to such defects, which de¬ fects, imperfections, or damages shall be discovered on or before the final inspection and acceptance of the roadway, and of which defects, imper¬ fections, or damages the Commissioner and the Engineer shall be the Judge, and the said Contractor shall be liable to the State for failure so to do. No moneys, payable under the contract, or any part thereof except the estimate for the first month, or period, shall become due and payable, if the Commissioner so elects until the Contractor shall satisfy the said Com¬ missioner that he has fully settled or paid for all materials and equipment used in or upon the work and labor done in connection therewith. In the case of paving contracts the Contractor shall receive in addition to the price bid for the work any increase in cost due to a change in railway freight rates made subsequent to the award of the contract, and there shall be deducted from the contract price any decrease in cost due to a change in railway freight rates made subsequent to the award of the contract. This shall apply only on carload lot shipments of material used in construction. 12 The Engineer will make current estimates in writing, once each month, as the work progresses of the materials in place complete and the amount of work performed in accordance with the contract, during the preceding month or period and the value thereof figured at the unit prices contracted, except as noted elsewhere in these specifications. On paving and bridge contracts, monthly estimates shall include the value of all cement properly stored, all coarse aggregate, sand and steel which has been delivered to the railway siding adjacent to the work or to the site of the work. From the total of the amounts so ascertained eighty-five per centum (85%) will be paid in the manner provided by Section 22, Chapter 323, Laws of 1921. No partial estimates will be allowed on contracts of less than $500.00. Whenever, in the opinion of the Engineer, the Contractor shall have completed the highway in an acceptable manner in accordance with the terms of the contract, the Engineer shall make a final inspection of the entire highway and upon completion of all necessary repairs, or renewals, he shall certify to the Commissioner in writing as to said completion, and shall fur¬ ther certify as to the entire amount of each class of work performed and as to the value thereof. The Commissioner, upon receipt of said certificate, shall in turn certify the aforesaid certificate or estimate for final payment, and shall notify the Contractor and his Surety of the acceptance of the highway. The action of the Commissioner and the Engineer, by which the Contractor is to be bound and the contract concluded according to the terms thereof, shall be evidenced by the aforesaid certificate and final pay¬ ment, all prior certificates or estimates upon which payments may have been made being merely partial estimates and subject to correction in the final payment. The Commissioner, or the Engineer, shall not be precluded or estopped by any measurement, estimate or certificate, made or given by them, or by any of their agents or employes, under any provision, or pro¬ visions, of the contract, at any time, either before or after the completion and acceptance of the highway and payment thereof pursuant to any meas¬ urement, estimate or certificate, from showing the true and correct amount and character of the work performed and materials furnished by the Con¬ tractor, or from showing, at any time, that any such measurement, estimate or certificate, is untrue or incorrectly made in any particular, or that the work of materials, or any part thereof do not conform in fact to specifications and contract, and the Commissioner shall have the right to reject the whole or any part of the aforesaid work or material, should the said measurement, estimate, certificate or payment be found, or be known to be inconsistent with the terms of the Contract, or otherwise improperly given, and the Com¬ missioner shall not be precluded or estopped notwithstanding any such meas¬ urement, estimates certificate and payment in accordance herewith, from demanding and recovering from the Contractor and his Surety such dam¬ ages as it may sustain by reason of his failure to comply with the terms of the specifications and contract. Neither the acceptance of the Commis¬ sioner, the Engineer or any of their agents or employes, nor any certificates by the Engineer, for payment of money, nor any payment for, nor accept¬ ance of the whole or any part of the work by the Commissioner, or Engineer, nor any extension of time, nor any possession taken by the State or its em¬ ployes, shall operate as a waiver of any portion of the contract or any power herein reserved by the State, or any right to damages herein provided, nor shall any waiver of any breach of the contract be held to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach. Sl-63 Partial Payments Sl-64 Acceptance and Final Payment Sl-65 No Waiver of Legal Rights 13 ( ( c ( # Minnesota Standard Specifications Section Two. ROAD CONSTRUCTION DETAILS CLEARING Clearing shall consist of the removal or burning of all timber, brush, stumps, rubbish, or other obstructions from within the limits of any part or of the entire right-of-way, also from such areas as may be required for off-take ditches, channel changes, borrow pits and etc. Trees and brush must not be thrown on adjacent lands, but must be disposed of within the limits of the clearing. Trees unavoidably falling outside of the specified limits must be cut up, removed to within the clear¬ ing and disposed of. In clearing the highway, all merchantable timber which it may be neces¬ sary to cut, and all other property of value shall be piled on skid-ways in close piles outside of the highway, unless otherwise directed. Such material as is not removed shall be piled and burned on the high¬ way in such manner as not to injure any trees or merchantable timber on the right-of-way or abutting property. In clearing, all brush must be cut even with the ground surface; choice trees which are not in the way of construction or which will not damage the road shall be carefully preserved. All trees and stumps within the limits of clearing shall be cut to a height not to exceed one (1) foot above the natural ground, except where grubbing is specified and on areas covered by embankments of not more than three (3) feet in height. On areas covered by such embankments all trees and stumps shall be cut off within six inches of the surface of the ground. All clearing must be completed in advance of the grading or ditching as directed by the Engineer. The unit price bid for clearing shall include all of the foregoing work and the furnishing of all equipment, tools and labor incidental thereto. The unit which shall be used as a basis of payment for clearing shall be specified in the special provisions appearing on or attached to the bidder’s proposal form. This shall specify which of the following two units is to be used: (a) Acre as unit. When an acre is specified as the unit, the number of acres shall be determined from measurements taken by the Engineer of the areas on which clearing is actually performed. The minimum amount of clearing that shall be measured shall be one station in length multiplied by the width of clearing designated in the proposal blanks. If no width is designated therein the full width of the right of way is to be cleared. (b) Tree as unit. When a tree is specified as the unit, the number of trees will be determined by the Engineer by actual count of all trees of four (4) inches or more in diameter which are cut by the Contractor. Smaller trees and brush shall be cleared in conjunction with the clearing of the larger trees. For the clearing of small trees and brush the Contractor shall be paid by the acre as above specified, under (a). GRUBBING Grubbing shall consist of the excavation and removal of all roots, stumps, stubs, grubs, submerged logs, etc., from within the limits of any part of the entire right-of-way, also from such areas as may be required for off-take ditches, channel changes, borrow pits, and etc. S2-1 Description S2-2 Method of Clearing S2-3 Basis of Payment S2-4 Description S2-5 Method of Grubbing S2-C Basis of Payment S2-7 Right-of-Way Obstructions S2-8 Basis of Payment S2-9 Description S2-10 Classification of Materials In the operation of grubbing, all roots, stumps, stubs, grubs, submerged logs, etc., shall be excavated and removed to a depth of not less than one (1) foot below the natural surface of the ground. Excavated material shall be piled and burned. Grubbing must be completed in advance of the grading or ditching as designated by the Engineer. The unit price bid for grubbing shall include all of the foregoing work, which price shall include all equipment, explosives, tools, labor, and work incidental thereto. The unit which shall be used as a basis of payment for grubbing shall be specified in the special provisions appearing on or attached to the bidder’s proposal form. This shall specify which of the following two units is to be used: (a) Acre as unit: When an acre is specified as the unit, the number of acres shall be determined from measurements taken by the Engineer of the areas on which grubbing is actually performed. The minimum amount of grubbing that shall be measured shall be one square rod. (b) Tree as unit: When a tree is specified as the unit, the number of trees will be determined by the Engineer by actual count of all trees of four (4) inches or more in diameter which are- grubbed by the Contractor. Smaller trees and brush shall be grubbed in conjunction with the grubbing of the larger trees for which no additional payment will be allowed. The Contractor shall remove and reset all fences within the limits of the right-of-way in such manner and to such prescribed limits as the En¬ gineer may direct. The Contractor shall remove all buildings within the limits of the right- of-way to such location and in such manner as directed by the Engineer. The price of moving and setting fences and moving buildings shall be by cost plus percentage in accordance with Section 1-33. EXCAVATION (Other Than Hand Ditching) Excavation shall include the removal and satisfactory disposal of all material taken from within the limits of the work contracted for (or from a borrow pit) which is necessary for the construction and preparation of the roadbed, embankment, subgrade, slopes, inter-sections, approaches, private entrances, etc., also side ditches and off-take ditches and water¬ ways which may be dug with teams and ordinary road building equipment as indicated and directed. Excavation shall include all materials of whatever nature encountered. The classification of material will be made by the Engineer as the work progresses, and the classification determined upon by the Engineer for the work completed during each month will be included in the current monthly estimate. If classification thus allowed by the Engineer is not protested by the Contractor in writing within fifteen (15) days after the date of pay¬ ment of each estimate, the Contractor thereby waives his right to any claim to any change in classifications on the work involved in such estimate. Classification of excavation material shall be on the following basis: Earth shall include all sand, clay, loam, gravel, and other materials of every description as found which are not included in the following classifi¬ cation for loose and solid rock: 2 Loose rock shall include all slate, shale, or other rock which can be quar¬ ried or loosened with a pick and bar without blasting, even though the Con¬ tractor may resort to blasting to facilitate the work; also all detached rock or boulders measuring not less than one-half Q/Q cubic foot nor more than one-half (3dD cubic yard each. Solid rock shall include all rock in masses which can not be loosened with a pick and bar, also all detached rock or boulders measuring not less than one-half i}/^) cubic yard each. When classification is allowed, the basis of payment shall be upon the determined quantity of classified material. Excavation shall be made in all cases to the required alignment, grade and cross-section. All suitable materials removed from the excavation shall be used so far as practicable in the formation of the embankment, the materials being deposited in such a manner that the best available fin¬ ishing material is placed in the upper six inches of the subgrade. Any extra overhaul, which this provision may necessitate, shall be agreed upon by the Engineer and Contractor at the time the work is done. Excess material shall be used in uniformly widening the fills or in raising the grade line where desirable to improve the profile or where necessary to provide for future settlement. No borrowing or wasting will be permitted except upon written orders of the Engineer. In case the distribution of excess material, or the operation of obtaining the additional material required results in any excess cost to the Contractor, he is to be paid for such excess cost. Where the plans provide side and off-take ditches in a swamp, filling will not be permitted previous to the completion of the ditching. All side slopes on old embankments which are to be widened shall be broken by horizontal furrows parallel to the center line of the roadway and not more than two (2) feet apart, measured along the slopes, before any material is placed thereon. Filling against bridges or over culverts must be made with care and in such manner as not to move or strain the structure. In case of any damage being done by such work, the Contractor will be charged with repairing the structure unless such filling is made under the direct supervision of the Engineer. No logs, stumps or plank will be allowed in embankment; sod, vegetable matter, peat or muskeg material, if placed therein, shall only be permitted on new work, except as hereinafter provided, and then uniformly pulverized and distributed over the base of the embankment. The use of such materials in back filling old ditches, or shouldering within twelve (12) feet of the center line around old core, will not be permitted. In no instance will sod be placed within twelve (12) inches of the subgrade. Sod, vegetable matter, peat or muskeg material when wasted must be spread uniformly as directed by the Engineer. Stone placed or left under embankments shall be at least as much below the surface of the subgrade as the height of such stone is above the natural surface of the ground. Whenever a steam shovel is used in excavating cuts shown for the road¬ way, sufficient hand work shall be performed on the back slopes of the cuts so that such slopes will be left in a neat and workman-like condition and true to lines given. On shallow cuts this will require the removal of the ridge which a shovel ordinarily produces along the banks of such shallow work. In deep cuts this will require such hand work as may be necessary to main¬ tain approximately the designated slope in the upper face of the cut and to produce a back slope free from humps and hollows. Hand trimming of the bank slopes will not be required where a neat uniform face corresponding to the designated section is obtained by the shovel alone. In order that the grading Contractor may be entitled to payment on any portion of the work all culverts thereon must be installed, all farm entrances and cross-roads finished, the roadway and ditches brought to the S2-11 Construction Methods S2-12 Completion of the Grading 3 S2-13 Basis of Payment approved alignment, grade and cross-section, and the roadway made smooth and free from ruts, waves and undulations at least two (2) days prior to the date of the estimate except on embankments of over four (4) feet in height, and excavation section shown on the plans as the source of materials for such embankments. Thereafter the roadway surface shall be kept free from ruts, waves and undulations with an eight foot (S') blade grader or planer which meets the approval of the Engineer. The blading shall be performed so as to keep the roadway flat in case the grading is to be followed the same season by surfacing. If no surfacing is to be applied until the fol¬ lowing season the roadway shall be shaped to provide a symmetrical crown of not less than three tenths (0.3) of a foot or more than seven tenths (0.7) of a foot for a twenty-four (24) foot roadway, and not less than five tenths (0.5) of a foot nor more than one (1) foot for a thirty (30) foot roadway. After this maintenance has been continued for a period of thirty (30) days in a satisfactory manner on one or more consecutive miles, subsequent maintenance on such sections required by the Engineer shall be on a force account basis. Requirements of this section shall not prevent the payment of any partial estimate providing weather conditions make the finish of this work impos¬ sible. The contract price per cubic yard for excavation shall include all the foregoing work and the furnishing of all equipment, tools and labor incidental thereto, providing the excavated material is not hauled beyond the free haul limit of five hundred (500) feet. For material hauled more than five hundred (500) feet measured along the center line, the Contractor shall be paid in addition an overhaul price per cubic yard for such overhaul com¬ puted as follows: The limits of free haul shall be determined by fixing on the profile two points: One on each side of the neutral grade point, one in excavation and the other in embankment, such that the distance between them, measured along the center line of the road, shall equal the specified free haul limit and the included quantities of excavation and embankment balance. All haul , on material beyond this free haul limit shall be estimated and paid for on the basis of the following methods of computation, viz: All material within the limit of this free haul shall be eliminated from further consideration. The distance between the center of gravity of the remaining mass of exca¬ vation and center of gravity of the resulting embankment, measured along the center line of the road, less the limit of free haul, as above specified, shall be length of overhaul; the compensation to be rendered therefor shall be determined by multiplying the yardage in the remaining mass, as above described, by the length of the overhaul. Payment of the same shall be units of one cubic yard hauled one hundred (100) feet. In the case of excavation obtained from borrow pits the haul shall be measured along the shortest practical line of haul which shall be agreed upon by the Contractor and the Engineer before the borrow excavation is made. The excavation quantities will be determined by cross sections taken prior to the opening of cuts and again upon their completion. The classification of material will be made by the Engineer as the work progresses, and the classification determined upon by the Engineer for the work completed during each month will be included in the current monthly esitmate. If classification thus allowed by the Engineer is not protested by the Con¬ tractor in writing within fifteen (15) days after the date of payment of such estimate, the Contractor thereby waives his right to any claim to any change m classifications on the work involved in such estimate. When a representative of the Engineer is not stationed on the job con¬ tinuously, the Contractor shall, in order to claim classification of material as loose rock or solid rock, notify the Engineer prior to or during the exca¬ vation of such material, so that proper measurements may be taken to determine the quantity of material under each classification. Unless such notice is given by the Contractor, and proper opportunity is given the En¬ gineer to obtain such measurements, no claim for special classification will be allowed. 4 Where special provision is made, as shown on plans, for plowing and excavation of the old core, the roadbed shall be excavated to within six (G) inches of a level section having a width of ten (10) feet on each side of the center line, the remaining six (6) inches of depth shall be plowed pre¬ vious to the construction of the embankment. This work will be paid for at the contract unit price per lineal foot of roadway for special plowing and per cubic yard for special excavation which prices will include all tools, equipment, labor and work incidental thereto. HAND DITCHING Hand ditching shall include the removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials encountered in constructing ditches, channel changes and water¬ ways which are commonly dug by hand and cannot be dug with teams and ordinary road building equipment. Side ditches shall include all such ditches within the right of way, the center lines of which are parallel to the center line of the proposed roadway. Off-take ditches shall include all other such ditches. When machine ditching is performed no payments will be made for units of work outside the prescribed slopes and dimensions of the ditches as staked. Materials excavated from side ditches shall all be distributed uniformly between the slope stakes. Any roots, grubs, submerged logs and stumps encountered in ditching subsequent to grubbing, shall be neatly piled and burned as directed by the Engineer. Materials excavated from off-take ditches shall be cast to either or both sides of the ditch as directed by the Engineer. On off-take ditches a berm of four (4) feet shall be left between the toe of the spoil bank and the edge of the ditch. Sufficient openings must be provided in spoil banks to allow free ingress of water from adjacent lands. Hand ditching will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard, measured in excavation, for all material excavated, which price will include all tools, equipment, labor and work incidental to the construction of said ditches in accordance with the plans and specifications. TILE DRAINS Tile drains shall consist of clay or cement concrete drain tile of the diameter specified, laid in a trench having a bottom width of three (3) inches in excess of the diameter of the tile used, in accordance with the plans and in conformity with these specifications. Tile used shall meet the requirements of the American Society of Test¬ ing Materials as outlined for “Farm drain tile.” Tile shall be tested according to the methods given in these standard specifications, beginning with Page 526 of the specifications adopted in 1918. Trench shall be excavated to such a depth as is required to permit the pipe to be laid on a firm bed to the grade desired. When loose running sand is encountered the joints shall be wrapped with burlap or strips of tar paper. If rock, shale, hard pan or other very hard material is encountered the pipe shall be carefully bedded with loam or clay to hold the pipe true to S2-14 Special Plowing and Excavation S2-15 Basis of Payment S2-16 Description S2-17 Construction Methods S2-18 Basis of Payment S2-19 Description S2-20 Tile S2-21 Construction Methods 5 grade and alignment. The ends of the pipe shall be laid together as closely as possible, and in no case shall cracks of more than one-fourth Q4) inch be laid. Where this is impossible the cracks shall be well covered with a piece of broken pipe. Lateral connections of the drain shall be made with special connections as required. The pipe in the trench shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer at frequent intervals, after which they shall be promptly covered with approximately six (6) inches of clay, black dirt, or porous material as may be directed by the Engineer. Under no conditions shall sand or boulders be placed directly on the pipe. After the drains have been blinded the trench shall be entirely back-filled with all material ex¬ cavated therefrom, unless a porous material is being used for filling the trench as herein specified. In such case the material removed in excavating the trench shall be disposed of as directed by the Engineer. All tile outlets shall be protected with a concrete headwall constructed in accordance with the standard tile drain headwall plan shown on the sheet of miscellaneous standards. S2-22 Basis of Payment This work shall be paid for at the contract unit price per lineal foot for tile drain complete in place, which price will include all materials (except porous backfill material and headwall materials), equipment, tools, labor, and work incidental thereto, also all excavation, filling of the trench, and disposal of the surplus material. S2-23 Basis of Payment Tile Outlet Headwalls S2-24 Furnishing Porous Back¬ fill Material Such headwalls will be paid for at the contract unit price per headwall complete in place, which price will include all materials, equipment, tools, labor, and work incidental to the construction of such headwalls. The price bid per cubic yard for furnishing porous materials shall include all charges for material, freight, and haulage necessary to furnish the material at the roadside as near as possible to the point where it is to be used. STONE DRAINS S2-26 Description S2-26 Basis of Payment S2-27 Description S2-28 Stone Stone drains shall consist of field stone laid in the trench having a bottom width of twelve (12) inches and filled with three (3) to eight (8) inch field stone, the larger stone being placed on the bottom. The trench shall be excavated to such depth as is required to permit proper drainage of the roadbed, and it shall be brought to a satisfactory outlet. This work will be paid for at the contract unit price per lineal foot for stone drain complete in place, which price will include all equipment, tools, labor and work incidental thereto, also all excavation, filling of the trench and disposal of the surplus material. Material for stone drains shall be ob¬ tained by the Contractor from the road right-of-way if suitable material is available within one-half (J/0 mile of the point at which the stone drain is to be constructed. If suitable material is mot available within one-half (j/Q mile haul the Contractor shall be furnished with material by the party of the first part, and he shall be paid a bid price per cubic yard mile for haul¬ ing the stone drain material any distance in excess of one-half i}/i) mile. RIP-RAP Rip-rap shall be composed of approved stone laid on side slopes or shoulders in the places indicated on the plans or where directed, in accordance with these specifications. This stone shall be sound “one man stone” of approved quality not less than one-fifth Q-) of a cubic foot in volume, and not less than three (3) inches thick. 6 Slopes where rip-rap is used shall be no steeper than the angle of repose of the embankment material unless otherwise indicated or directed. The stone shall be bedded one against the other in layers perpendicular to the face of the embankment slope. The bottom layer of the rip-rap shall be embedded in the natural earth at the toe of the embankment slope not less than one (1) foot. Rip-rap shall have an average thickness of one (1) foot, but not less than eight-tenths (0.8) of a foot at any point. The spaces be¬ tween the larger stone shall be filled with spalls of suitable size, and all spalls shall be rammed thoroughly into place. The finished surface of the rip-rap shall present an even, tight surface, true to lines, grades and sections given. This work shall be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard for rip-rap complete in place, which price will include all necessary hauling and placing material, dressing of slopes, furnishing of equipment, tools and labor incidental thereto. Material for rip-rap shall be obtained by the Contractor from the road right-of-way if suitable material is available within one-half (}/0 mile of the point at which the rip-rap is to be placed. If suit¬ able material is not available within one-half (J4) mile haul the Contractor shall be furnished with material by the party of the first part and he shall be paid a bid price per cubic yard mile for hauling the rip-rap material any distance in excess of one-half (J/Q mile. In computing the quantities of rip-rap twenty-seven (27) square feet of rip-rap in place shall be considered as one cubic yard. S2-29 Construction Methods S2-30 Basis of Payment INSTALLATION OF PORTABLE CULVERTS Installation of portable culverts shall consist of the unloading of the same from cars at the railway siding, their transportation therefrom to the proposed culvert location and their complete installation on a firm bed true to line and grade in accordance with these specifications. Where the culvert is to be laid below the grade line, a trench shall be excavated to the required depth, and the bottom of -the trench shall be shaped to conform to the bottom of the culvert. The trench, as formed, shall afford a uniformly firm bed for the culvert throughout its entire length. Excavation for the culvert shall include the removal of any old culvert in place, in case such old culvert is located within the limits of the excavation required for the new culvert, provided, however, that the removal of con¬ crete or masonry box culverts shall not be so included. In the case of such culverts, also other culverts which must be removed but which are not replaced by new culverts, their removal shall be paid for upon a contract unit price or as provided under Section 1-32 for unclassified work. Any soft yielding material encountered, which extends below the grade of the new culverts, shall be removed and replaced with other suitable ma¬ terial, which shall be tamped thoroughly in place. Where the culvert is not laid in a trench, a uniformly firm bed shall be prepared of suitable ma¬ terial, and this shall be shaped to conform to the bottom of the culvert, and shall afford a uniformly firm bed for the culvert throughout its entire length. The cost of such work shall be paid for as unclassified work in accordance with provisions of paragraph Sl-32. Culverts shall be laid carefully, hubs upgrade, spigot ends fully entered into the adjacent hub, and true to lines and grades given. The joints of the pipe shall be filled with an approved bituminous joint compound or with cement mortar composed of one (1) part cement and two (2) parts sand. Care shall be taken to prevent the protrusion of mortar into the inside of pipe in such a manner as to obstruct the flow of water. S2-31 Description S2-32 Excavation and Preparation of Bed for Culverts S2-33 Laying Culverts 7 S2-34 Refilling Around Culverts S2-35 Relaying Old Culverts S2-36 Basis of Payments S2-37 Descript ; on and Basis of Payment When corrugated metal culverts are joined on the work, the ends shall be butted together and the sections joined with a band made of the same material as the culvert, which shall be eight (8) inches wide for culverts up to thirty (30) inches in diameter and eleven (11) inches wide for larger sizes. Such bands shall be connected at the ends by angles or straps having a cross section equal to one (1) inch by one-quarter (%) inch and fastened by bolts not less than one-half (}/i) inch in diameter. All such connections shall be made of galvanized or otherwise suitably protected iron. Any pipe which is not laid in true alignment shall be taken up and relaid without extra compensation, but pipe which is not in true alignment due to settlement shall be relaid by the Contractor as unclassified work and paid for in accordance with the provisions of paragraph Sl-32. The filling around the pipe shall be made in layers with approved material free from rock, and each layer shall be tamped thoroughly around and over the culvert. Where indicated or directed, old culverts shall be carefully removed and installed in a new location in the manner specified for installing new culverts. The installation of sectional concrete or cast iron culverts will be paid for under the two following items: (a) The contract unit price per ton mile for hauling these culverts will include all equipment, labor and work incidental to the delivery of the cul¬ vert material from the cars to the culvert site. The number of ton miles shall be determined by multiplying the length of haul in miles and fractions thereof by the weight of the culvert in tons and fractions thereof. (b) The contract unit price per lineal foot for placing sectional concrete or cast iron culverts shall include the furnishing of all equipment, labor and work incidental to the excavation for and the forming of the bed for the culvert, the laying of the culvert and refilling around the culvert in accord¬ ance with the plans and specifications. The contract unit price per lineal foot for installing corrugated metal culverts shall include the furnishing of all equipment, labor and work in¬ cidental to the delivery of the culvert material from the cars to the culvert site, the excavation for and forming of the bed for the culvert, the laying of the culvert and refilling around the culvert, in accordance with the plans and specifications. The contract unit price per lineal foot for installing corrugated metal culverts shall apply to the installation of such culverts as are required by the plans to be relaid after being removed from the bed. CONCRETE END WALLS (Plan P. 2.) When directed by the Engineer end walls shall be installed in accord¬ ance with Plan P. 2, payment for which will be made at a contracted unit cost per cubic yard for concrete in place. The contract price per cubic yard shall include necessary excavation and the furnishing of materials, equipment, labor and work incidental to construction in accordance with plans. The party of the first part reserves the right to increase the length of any or all culverts in lieu of constructing end walls, or may substitute rip-rap end walls as hereinafter specified. GRAVEL SURFACING Minnesota Standard Specifications Section Three. Gravelling shall include all surfacing with gravelly material. The gravel shall be composed of fragments of hard durable rock of high resistance to abrasion together with sand, clay or other binding material. It shall be free from thin or elongated pieces and shall be well graded from coarse to fine. The gravel when tested by means of laboratory screens shall meet the following requirements: Passing a one and one-half (134) inch screen not less than 100%. Total retained on a one-fourth ()4) inch screen not less than 25% nor more than 65%. The cross sections of the roadway shall be as shown on the standard cross section accompanying the plans. Gravelling upon a wet, muddy roadway will not be permitted. The party of the first part shall shape the roadway to the cross section above mentioned before gravel is placed thereon. Thereafter the Contractor shall keep it dressed to the specified cross section and free from ruts, waves and undulations, as a part of his contract. Loading from pits shall be performed in such a manner and by such method, that a uniform grade of materials will be delivered upon the road. When the gravel deposit contains stone exceeding one and one-half (1)4) inch in size all materials must be screened. Screening shall be performed in such a manner that the material as delivered to the trucks or wagons shall be uniformly graded from coarse to fine. If “grizzlies” are used for screening the spaces between the grizzly bars shall be not more than one (1) inch in width. Openings in screens used shall be not larger than one and one-half (1)4) inches in diameter. No earth, sod or any foreign or vegetable matter, nor any excess of sand or clay, will be allowed in the gravel, and care must be taken that strippings be not mixed with the gravel. Any loads taken to the work containing such objectionable materials will be rejected. If the amount of over-size material is excessive the Contractor may crush the over-size and use it for surfacing, providing the material is crushed to the size specified, is uniformly mixed with the uncrushed material, and the resulting mixture of crushed and uncrushed gravel meets the grading requirements for material. The material shall be deposited in a uniform ridge on the center line of the road and shall be spread immediately upon the sub-grade to a uniform section by the party of the first part. In case it is not practical with the hauling equipment used, to dump the material in a uinform ridge the cost of distributing it longitudinally along the road shall be borne by the Contractors. The surfacing material shall be shaped while being compacted under travel by the use of a blade grader, tooth harrow, planer or other suitable means. Ruts formed by the hauling or by travel shall be dragged full at least once each day and more frequently if necessary to prevent cutting through the surfacing material into the subgrade. Holes, waves and un¬ dulations, which develop and are not filled by planing shall be filled by adding more material according to the direction of the Engineer. The shaping of the material shall be performed according to the direction of the Engineer and shall be continued until the material is well compacted, free from ruts, waves and undulations and is made to conform to the cross sec¬ tion indicated on the standard above mentioned. S3-1 Description S3-2 Material S3-3 Subgrade S3-4 Loading and Hauling S3-5 Dumping and Spreading S3-6 Shaping and Compacting S3-7 Measurement and Minimum Quantity S3-8 Basis of Payment The Contractor shall furnish sufficient force and equipment to deliver not less than 100 cubic yards of material per day. Gravel will be measured in the wagon boxes as delivered on the work, by an Inspector in the employ of the party of the first part. In case the Contractor fails to deliver the minimum amount specified, there shall be deducted from any payments due the Contractor, or afterward becoming due, the sum of four (4) cents per cubic yard for each cubic yard less than one hundred (100) cubic yards delivered each working day to compensate the party of the first part for the extra expense incurred in keeping a checker upon the work. This pro¬ vision shall not apply when the Contractor is obliged, under instructions, to use his force on shaping or other work which breaks up his hauling or¬ ganization. The Inspector will also act as timekeeper for the party of the first part, and will determine and record the nature and amount of the force account work done by the Contractor, in spreading, shaping and compacting. (a) The necessary stripping of gravel pits will be paid for by the cubic yard measured in excavation. Stripping materials shall be disposed of as directed by the Engineer, the free haul not to exceed two hundred (200) feet. Overhaul shall be paid for at the rate of two (2) cents per cubic yard for each additional one hundred (100) feet. (b) All surfacing material will be furnished free to the Contractor by the party of the first part in the pit or stock pile, or F. O. B., cars at the nearest railway siding. When it becomes necessary to deliver material by rail and delivery in this manner is not provided for in the plans, the neces¬ sary unloading from cars to the stock pile shall be paid for as specified under Section (1-32) of these specifications. Loading from stock pile or from cars direct to hauling equipment shall be included under the contract price bid. The right is reserved to change gravel pits from those shown on the approved plans, subject to the provisions of Sections (1-30) and (1-31) of these Specifications. (c) Prices submitted in the proposal and contract for loading and hauling shall cover the furnishing of all labor and equipment necessary to load the material as furnished by the party of the first part and deposit it upon the road in the manner specified. Payment will be made in the follow¬ ing manner for screening, loading and hauling: screening if required at the bid price per cubic yard, which price shall be figured on the basis of the screened material placed on the road, and the bid price shall include the disposal of the rejected material, and overhaul paid on same basis as strip¬ ping; hauling 0 to Yi mile at the bid price per cubic yard; hauling % to 1 mile at the bid price per cubic yard; hauling beyond the 1 mile point at the bid price per cubic yard mile, and the number of cubic yard miles being determined by multiplying the number of yards hauled beyond the mile point by the average haul of that material. (d) Unless otherwise specified, the prices bid for loading and hauling shall include the building and rebuilding or maintenance which the Con¬ tractor considers necessary of the route over which the gravel is hauled. The right-of-way necessary for hauling from the pit to the road will be fur¬ nished by the party of the first part. (e) The Contractor shall submit in the proposal, unit prices per hour at which he will furnish men,'or men and teams, properly equipped to handle the spreading, shaping and compacting as specified, and as directed by the Engineer, which price shall include all profit, superintendency, use of tools and equipment. The right is reserved by the party of the first part to reject the proposal on this item without invalidating the proposal as a whole. In rejecting any such proposal the party of the first part agrees to do the work by day labor under the direction of the Engineer. ♦ 2 Minnesota Standatd Specifications Section Four. GENERAL CLAUSES FOR ALL PAVEMENTS FINE GRADING Fine grading shall include all excavation and embankment which may be necessary to bring the sub-grade to the required grade, alignment and cross section. The subgrade will be considered as that portion of the road upon which the pavement is to be placed after it has been graded in accordance with Sec. 2 of these specifications or in its existing condition at the time the con¬ tract is awarded in case no other contract is let for the grading under Sec. 2 of these specifications. All suitable materials removed from the excavation in fine grading shall be used as far as practical in the formation of the embankment, as may be required. Such material as is not used in making the embankments shall be deposited on the shoulders. When the amount of the embankment ex¬ ceeds the amount of the material which may be obtained from the excavation suitable material shall be obtained by the Contractor from borrow pits located beyond the limits of the shoulders or embankment slopes. Materials shall be excavated from such borrow pits in such a manner as will leave the pits in condition to drain completely, and will leave the ditch section and back slopes of the cuts with a neat and uniform appearance. The subgrade shall be constructed so as to have, as nearly as practical, a uniform density throughout its entire width. It shall be brought to the proper alignment, cross section, and to such elevation that the finished subgrade will be true to the grades given. Wherever the subgrade, before being fine graded for the paving, contains a crown, the material, within the limits of the paved roadway, shall be sacrificed to a depth equal to the amount of the crown on the subgrade within the limits of the proposed pavement. The loosened material shall then be spread and compacted either by hand tamping or rolling, so as to bring all the material within such limits to uniform density. When required by special provision on the proposal form, a self-propelled roller shall be used in connection with the above opera¬ tion in accordance with the direction of the Engineer. All depressions developing under traffic on the subgrade or in connec¬ tion with rolling shall be filled with suitable material, and if rolling is required, it shall be continued until the subgrade is uniformly compacted, properly shaped, and true to grade and alignment. It is not intended that the roll¬ ing shall be continued beyond this point, as the purpose of the rolling is not to produce a sub grade which can not be further compacted, but to pro¬ duce a uniformly compacted subgrade. After being prepared in the above manner, the subgrade shall be so maintained until the surfacing material is in place. No surfacing shall be placed, on any portion of the road, until the subgrade for that portion has been prepared, as herein described. There shall not be left on the subgrade or shoulders berms of earth or other material that would interfere with the immediate discharge of water from the subgrade to the side ditches, and the subgrade shall be maintained free from ruts, so that it will drain properly. All hauling over the subgrade shall be distributed, so as to leave the subgrade in a uniformly compacted condition. The subgrade shall be tested by the use of an approved scratch templet resting on the side forms, having the scratch points spaced eight (8) inches apart to the exact elevation and cross section for the subgrade. The templet S4-1 Definition S4-2 Subgrade S4-3 Construction Methods S4-4 Preparation and Maintenance of Subgrade S4-5 Checking the Subgrade S4-6 Basis of Payment S4-7 Cement S4-8 Water shall be drawn along the forms in a perpendicular position, and any high places in the subgrade indicated thereby shall be removed. Any low places that are back filled shall be rolled or hand tamped until smooth and firm. The subgrade shall be checked and completed in accordance with the above requirements not less than one hundred (100) feet in advance of the concrete. If hauling over the subgrade after it has been finished and checked as above specified, results in ruts or other objectionable irregularities, the Con¬ tractor shall re-roll or hand tamp the subgrade and place it in a smooth and satisfactory condition before the materials are deposited upon it. If the condition of the subgrade is such that it can not be placed in satis¬ factory condition to receive the concrete by the above methods, the Con¬ tractor shall provide and haul over wooden tracks or use other satisfactory means for protection of the subgrade. The price bid per square yard for base in the case of all pavements laid in more than one course, or for the pavement in the case of pavements con¬ structed in one course, shall include all fine grading where such work does not exceed ten (10) cubic yards of excavation and embankment per one- hundred (100) foot station of pavement eighteen (18) feet in width. In calculating the quantity of excavation and embankment for payment of fine grading, stations of one-hundred (100) feet in length having ten (10) cubic yards or less of excavation and embankment shall be omitted from further consideration. Where the excavation and embankment per one hundred (100) foot station exceeds ten (10) cubic yards, only the excess yardage over and above the specified ten (10) cubic yards shall be consid¬ ered the pay quantity. The quantity of fine grading excavation and embankment shall be cal¬ culated from cross section readings, taken by the engineer transversely on the road, at intervals of twenty-five (25) feet, measured along the center line. These readings shall be taken at the time the stakes are set for the fine grading, and hub stakes shall be provided on each side of the road at these 25 foot intervals which shall be set for the grading and for the side forms. The fine grading excavation and embankment shall be determined and calculated over a width equal to the width of the pavement plus two (2) feet. Where the pavement is of greater width than eighteen (18) feet, the amount of excavation and embankment per 100 foot station to be included in the bid price per square yard for pavement shall be increased five (5) per cent for each additional foot of width of pavement. Payment for fine grading will be made on the basis of the calculated quan¬ tities of excavation and embankment, regardless of whether or not materials obtained from the excavation required in fine grading are used for the em¬ bankment. No payment will be allowed for borrow excavation. The contract unit price per cubic yard for fine grading excavation and embankment determined by the above described method, shall include all of the foregoing work, and the furnishing of all equipment, tools, and labor incidental thereto. MATERIALS The cement shall be a standard Portland cement and shall conform to Standard Specifications C9-17 of the American Society for Testing Materials. The cement shall be shipped in carload lots, and shall not be used until ap¬ proved by the Engineer. Approval can ordinarily be given within thirty- six (36) hours after arrival, if the cement passes the specifications for fine¬ ness, soundness and time of setting. Care must be experienced in the storing and protection of the cement on the work. Any cement damaged by moist¬ ure or which fails to meet any of the above requirements shall be rejected. Water used in concrete or in grout filler shall be clean and free from oil, acid, alkali or vegetable matter. Before installing his water supply equipment, the Contractor shall secure the Engineer’s approval of the source 2 of water supply which he proposes to use. If at any time the water from this source should become of unsatisfactory quality or insufficient quantity, the Engineer may require the Contractor to provide water from some other source. Prior to the placing of any orders for any materials the Contractor shall notify the State Plighway Department of the proposed source of supply of such material. If so directed the Contractor shall send to the State High¬ way Department prior to placing an order for shipment, samples of coarse and fine aggregates, the sand for the mortar bed and grout filler, the brick, the bituminous filler, and of other materials which he proposes to use. All samples shall be plainly labeled with the name of the Contractor, the name of the person or company furnishing the material, and the purpose for which each material is to be used. All transportation charges on materials sent must be prepaid. The samples of fine aggregate and of sand for mortar bed and grout filler shall weigh about 20 pounds, and be shipped in tight containers. When crushed stone is used for the coarse aggregate the sam¬ ple shall consist of about 30 pounds of one and one-half (1)4) to two and one-half (2)4) inch pieces, and of about 10 pounds of material of the size required for the concrete. One large sample of stone measuring approxi¬ mately six (6) inches long, and four (4) inches wide, and two (2) inches thick shall also be submitted. Each sample of brick shall consist of twelve (12) of the average bricks, shipped in strong boxes and tightly packed. When the shipment of bricks is large and when the bricks in the lot are not uniform in appearance, it is generally advisable to submit more than one sample. Each sample of bituminous filler shall consist of about one pound. The Department expects to make tests of such samples of material prompt¬ ly upon receipt of the same, and under ordinary circumstances to report thereon within ten (10) days. The acceptance of these preliminary samples shall not be construed as a guarantee of acceptance of all materials from the same source, and it shall be understood that all materials delivered on the work and which do not meet with the requirements of these specifications will be rejected. CONSTRUCTION Wherever it is provided in the special provisions on the proposal form that rolling shall be done on the embankment or on the roadbed, there shall be used a self-propelled roller. Concrete shall be mixed in a batch mixer. No mixer shall be used which requires a fractional sack of cement to form a batch. S4-9 Test Samples of Material S4-10 Roller S4-11 Concrete Mixer The side forms shall consist of three (3) inch plank or steel of equal rigid¬ ity. They shall be of a width, at least equal to the thickness of the pave¬ ment at the edge. For one course concrete pavement this will require side forms not less than seven and one-half (7)4) inches in width. They shall be straight and free from defects which will, in the judgment of the Engineer, in any way impair the quality of the surface or general appearance of the finished pavement. The use of side forms not meeting the above require¬ ments will be permitted in the case of Contractors now owning forms of less width provided the widening of these forms and the means of supporting them is made acceptable to the Engineer. The water supply equipment shall be of such capacity and nature as to insure at all times an ample supply and a sufficient pressure for all the re¬ quirements of machinery, mixing, sprinkling subgrade, sprinkling the finished pavement, and all other requirements of the work hereunder. The pipe line should have a minimum diameter of two (2) inches, and where pumping is required, duplicate pumping equipment should be provided to insure against breakdowns. S4-12 Side Forms S4-13 Water Supply Equipment 3 S4-14 Alignment and Super¬ elevation on Curves S4-15 Expansion Joints S4-16 Pavement on Bridge Spans S4-17 Setting Side Forms S4-18 Roadbed to be Sprinkled S4-19 Protection of Aggregates S4-20 Measuring Materials Wherever there is an angle in the alignment of the road the pavement shall be constructed upon a curve of the radius shown on the plans or as staked by the Engineer. Pavements shall be super-elevated in accordance with the approved standards of the Highway Department, which require a super-elevation on curves of two (2) degrees or more where Portland cement concrete pavement is being used, and on curves of three (3) degrees or more where asphaltic concrete or brick pavements are being used. Expansion joints shall be constructed as a part of the paving whenever permanent structures are encountered within or adjoining the paved area, and at each end of all bridges except spandrel filled arch bridges. Wher¬ ever such expansion joints are required the Contractor shall furnish and install suitable expansion joint material. All bridges having concrete floors in place shall be surfaced with a wearing course of the thickness shown on the plans, which wearing course shall be built in conformance with the specifications for one course pavement, unless an asphaltic or bituminous macadam surface is being laid in the adjacent pavement, in which case the wearing surface shall be of a corresponding type. Before placing the wearing course on the bridge the concrete surface of the bridge floor shall be thoroughly cleaned by first removing all loose dirt or other material and following this with a vigorous brushing with a wire broom to loosen and remove all laitance, scales, or other inferior or undesira¬ ble material. All other details of construction for this wearing course shall conform to the requirements of the regular paving specifications. The finishing of the surface of the wearing course may be done by hand with a wood float in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer. The finishing, however, shall be subject to the same tests as are required for the rest of the pavement surface. The contract price per square yard for the pavement on which the con¬ tract is awarded shall apply to the area of the wearing course placed on bridge floors. The thickness of such wearing course in the case of Portland concrete cement pavement shall be 3" at the sides and 4" at the center unless otherwise specified. Where no curbs are specified the pavement shall be constructed be¬ tween the side forms. The top of such forms shall be accurately set to the elevation and alignment of the edge of the finished pavement, and shall be supported and held securely in place by adequate stakes and bracing. After the side forms have been set, the joints shall be gone over with a straight edge at least ten (10) feet long, and corrected to the proper grade and align¬ ment. The forms for integral curb, where same is specified, shall be of the same general character, and shall be set and checked in the same manner as herein specified. Intermediate and longitudinal forms will not be per¬ mitted nor shall warped or defective side forms be used. The setting of forms shall proceed a reasonable distance in advance of the mixing and placing of the concrete. All forms shall be thoroughly cleaned and oiled before concrete is placed against them. The subgrade shall be thoroughly wetted immediately before concrete is placed, but it shall not show pools of water. No portion of the aggregate will be allowed in the concrete that has been placed on the subgrade, or has become covered with dust. When fine and coarse aggregate have become merged with each other they shall not be used, nor will aggregates be acceptable which have become mixed with foreign matter from any cause whatsoever. The method of measuring the materials for the concrete, including water, shall be one which will insure separate and uniform proportions of each of the materials at all times, a suitable mechanical measuring device being provided. A sack of Portland cement (94 pounds net) shall be considered one (1) cubic foot. 4 The cross section to be used for each type of pavement is shown on the plans. Payment for items outlined in the foregoing paragraphs, 7 to 21 inclusive, shall be included in the price bid for “One Course Cement Concrete Pave¬ ment,” “Concrete Base for Asphaltic Concrete Pavement,” and “Concrete Base for Brick Pavement.” S4-21 Cross-Section of the Pavement S4-22 Basis of Payment After the completion of the pavement, the earth shoulders shall be built to such an elevation that they conform to the elevations and cross section shown on the plans. The side ditches shall be cleaned and trimmed true to grade and alignment. In finishing the shoulders, care shall be taken to get the surface of the shoulders covered with black soil. The material for the earth shoulders shall be obtained from the location shown on the plans or from such location as may be designated by the En¬ gineer. The contract price per cubic yard for earth shoulders shall include all the foregoing work and the furnishing of all equipment, tools, and labor incidental thereto, providing excavated material is not hauled beyond the free haul limit of 500 feet. For material hauled more than 500 feet the Contractor shall be paid in addition an overhaul price per cubic yard for such overhaul. The method of computing overhaul shall be that described under Section 2-10. The right is reserved to reject the proposal on this item without in¬ validating the proposal as a whole. In rejecting such proposal the authori¬ zation is given the Engineer to do the work by day labor. No base course shall be constructed within three (3) feet of the outside edge of any structure, nor adjacent to a railway track until it has been reset to the established line and grade, nor shall a concrete pavement be constructed before all structures and railway tracks have been brought to line and grade in advance of placing concrete. The Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer when structures or tracks require resetting or attention, which notice shall be given at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the lay¬ ing of the base course or pavement at these points. Cast iron manholes and valve box frames shall be set, by their owners, fully and firmly on brick masonry laid in mortar composed of one (1) part Portland cement and three (3) parts approved sand. Where the masonry needs to be raised one (1) inch or less, cast iron distance pieces and wedges one-half [}/£) inch by two (2) inches by four (4) inches in size shall be inserted in at least four (4) equi¬ distant points and the remaining voids filled with mortar. The cast iron frame in all cases, shall be set evenly upon the substructure. No chipping of cast iron structures will be permitted. Any structure or sub-structure damaged by the Contractor during the prosecution of the work shall be replaced by him. All materials and debris falling into the interior of any structure shall be removed. Any structure displaced by the Contractor after it has been reset by the owners or lessee shall be again reset by the Contractor without compensation. Railway tracks shall be brought to the established line or grade by their owners or lessee. All structures and tracks shall be checked by the Engineer, before any base course or pavement ma¬ terials are placed around or against them. S4-23 Finishing Earth Shoulders and Side Ditches S4-24 Basis of Pay¬ ment for Earth Shoulders S4-25 Resetting Miscellaneous Public Service Structures, Etc. 5 ' ■ ; v> . 'T m ' • ’ • • • ill,', / <: :• . . !.ii j.S i - . • • st ■ fi'iswjfc). M ’ "■* < U •' *H • O i» li!!.' - ! ‘ ; ...» T -•i i>Vi -ikr i. vrOrfc, 1 ... .0 -0,. •i . *• 1 ' ^ -J rr .oj> • >it«; '.'i/ to .fc; U: t ■ , ?„ /, m. ( i, ;• •; , u [ / s »#. % - . .. ' • • • '*« Y«v»Ii >1 i);v£ io$,y\f!o’ > ■ * •■?<*> ?••••. i ifl; /d tr> yttif fad&tfdftfc') ■■■,; ; .... . • : • , : ; ■ : . • * ' « Minnesota Standard Specifications Section Five. ONE COURSE CONCRETE PAVEMENT This pavement shall consist of a single course of Portland cement con- S5-1 Crete constructed in accordance with these specifications. The thickness Description of the slab shall be seven and one-half (7J^) inches throughout its entire width. S5-2 The provisions of “General Clauses All Pavements,” Section Four (4) General shall apply in detail to the construction of concrete pavement under these Clauses All specifications. Pavements Fine aggregate shall be a natural sand consisting of particles of durable S5-3 rock. It shall be clean within the limits herein prescribed and free from A Fine organic matter, lumps of clay, and other deleterious substances. It shall be considered to be free from organic impurities if it shows the color corresponding to Figure 2 or less when tested by the colormetric test as outlined in the proceedings of the A. S. T. M., Volume 19, Part 1, 1919. Appendix to report of committee C-9 on concrete and concrete aggregate. Fine aggregate shall be well graded from coarse to fine, and when tested by means of laboratory screens and sieves shall meet the following require¬ ments : Passing 2" Screen.100% Passing x /±' Screen not less than. 90% Passing 20 mesh sieve.25 to 65% of portion passing screen. Total passing 50 mesh sieve not more than. 25% of portion passing screen. Passing 100 mesh sieve not more than. 5% of portion passing screen. Not more than 3% by weight shall be removed by the elutriation test. The sieve analysis of the same shall be made in accordance with the A. S. T. M. standard method, serial designation D7-18 as slightly modified in conference of Testing Engineers in Washington, February, 1920. All materials passing a 2" screen and retained on a screen shall meet the requirements for gravel. Mortar in the proportion of one (1) part cement to three (3) parts by weight of sand to be tested shall develop a tensile strength at least equal to the strength of a similar mortar composed of the same cement and standard Ottawa sand, when tested at the age of seven (7) and twenty-eight (28) days. Preliminary acceptance samples shall be subject to both seven (7) and twenty-eight (28) day tests and acceptance based thereupon. Samples tested during the progress of the work will be accepted on the basis of the seven (7) day test. Coarse aggregate shall be well graded gravel or crushed stone. It shall contain no coal or other materials which easily disintegrate, and shall be free from frozen lumps, sticks, flat and elongated pebbles and vegetable or other deleterious matter. It shall conform to the following mechanical analysis, using laboratory screens: Passing 2%" screen.100% Passing 2" screen not less than. 85% Passing 1" screen.25 to 75% Passing J4" screen not more than. 10% Passing }/%' screen not more than. 3% It is further required that the coarse aggregate shall be the uniform product of the plant producing it, consisting of all the various sizes of ma¬ terials within the grading specification. S5-4 Strength S5-5 Coarse Aggregate S5-6 Crushed Stone S5-7 Gravel S6-8 Reinforcing Steel S6-9 Cleaning S5-10 Bar Reinforcing The screen analysis of broken stone or gravel shall be made in accordance with the A. S. T. M. standard method, serial designation D18-16 as slightly modified in conference of Testing Engineers in Washington, February, 1920. Crushed stone shall be obtained from clean, tough, durable rock, which shall meet the following requirements: French coefficient of wear, not less than.8% Toughness, not less than.8% This material shall be free from dust or coating and an excess of flat and elongated pieces. Coefficient of wear and toughness shall be determined by the following methods: Abraison test for rock A. S. T. M. standard method, serial desig¬ nation D2-08 as slightly modified in conference of Testing Engineers in Washington, February, 1920. Toughness of rock A. S. T. M. standard method, serial designation D3-18. The gravel shall be composed of clean, hard durable particles of stone well graded in size and washed free of clay or coating of any character. The gravel shall not contain more than one-half (}/%) of one (1) per cent of slate and shale, and shall not contain any other foreign matter. The amount of shale in gravel shall be determined in accordance with the proposed test of the conference of Testing Engineers in Washington, February, 1920. The gravel shall not show more than 10% loss when tested for abrasion according to the method adopted by the conference of Testing Engineers in Washington, February 1920. The reinforcing for concrete pavement shall consist of round bars or of flat sheets of steel fabric. These materials unless otherwise specified shall be of structural or intermediate grade according to the specifications begin¬ ning at Page No. 148 of the 1918 standards of the A. S. T. M., serial desig¬ nation A15-14. Before reinforcement is placed in the concrete it shall be free from excess rust, scale, paint, grease, or coating of any character, which will tend to prevent its bond with the concrete, and the Contractor shall provide means on the work for properly cleaning the steel. Bar reinforcing shall consist of round steel bars of five-eighths (%) and three-fourths (%) inches in diameter. S5-11 Placing Bar Reinforcing S5-12 Fabric Reinforcing All reinforcing bars shall be placed three (3) inches from the top of the slab. One longitudinal bar % of an inch in diameter shall be placed six (6) inches from each outer edge of the slab. All longitudinal reinforcing bars shall have a lap of not less than three (3) feet at their ends. Transverse bars of an inch in diameter having a length six (6) inches less than the width of the pavement shall be placed in each slab six (6) inches from each construction joint, and also at intervals of 8 feet throughout the length of the slab. Reinforcing bars shall be placed in the concrete from the top or blocked to position above the subgrade in advance of the concrete. Fabric reinforcing shall consist of a welded or woven mesh or of an ex¬ panded metal which shall not weigh less than 27 pounds per 100 square feet. The main members shall be spaced not more than six (6) inches apart, and the secondary members shall be spaced not more than twelve (12) inches apart. When the fabric is not cut into flat sheets by the manufacturer, the Contractor shall straighten the material with suitable rolls manufactured for this purpose, and shall at all times have a sufficient supply of fabric cut and straightened for not less than one day’s work. ( 2 The fabric reinforcement shall be placed two (2) inches below and parallel to the finished surface, unless otherwise indicated on the plans or directed, with the main members laid at right angles to the center line of the pave¬ ment. This reinforcement shall extend to within three (3) inches of both the ends and the sides of the slab, or sections. Adjacent sheets of fabric shall be lapped not less than four (4) inches when the lap is made at right angles to the center line of the pavement. When the sheets are permitted to be lapped parallel to the center line, the lap shall be made not less than twelve (12) inches. The concrete shall be composed of one (1) part Portland cement, two (2) parts fine aggregate and approximately three and one-half (3j/0 parts of coarse aggregate unless the machine tamper and finisher is used, in which case approximately four (4) parts of coarse aggregate may be used. In order that there may be no question as to the amount of cement re¬ quired, the following schedule of requirements is stated: Barrels Sacks per per Square Cu. Yd. Yard Cement, Hand Finished Cement Concrete. 1.54 1.28 Cement, Machine Finished Cem- ent Concrete. 1.44 1.20 Sufficient water shall be used in mixing to produce a concrete which will meet the following test: The concrete shall be filled in three (3) inch layers in a thoroughly clean 4"x8"xl2 // conical frustrum placed on a level non-absorbent surface. Dur¬ ing the filling the molds should be held down by the operator placing his toes on the lips at the bottom of the mold. As each layer of material is introduced it should be puddled with a half-inch Qzfi) pointed rod, so as to arrange the material without pocketing; tamping should be avoided. After the upper layer has been placed, the top should be struck off with a small trowel and the mold removed by slowly pulling it vertically upward. The difference in height of the mold and the frustrum shall be measured as the slump. For machine finishing the slump should be from one-half Q/Q inch to one (1) inch. For hand finishing, from one-half (%) inch to one and one- half (1 j/Q inch. The forms should be filled immediately after mixing and withdrawn three minutes after mixing has been completed. Concrete shall be mixed with designated consistency in a batch con¬ crete mixer of an approved type until the cement is uniformly distributed and the concrete is homogeneous and uniform in color. Each batch shall remain in the mixer at least one (1) minute. The mixer shall be operated at the rated speed recommended by the manufacturers, subject to the ap¬ proval of the Engineer, but in no case shall the mixing drum have a greater speed than eighteen (18) revolutions per minute. The mixer shall be equip¬ ped with a timing device. The time of mixing shall be figured from the be¬ ginning of the discharge of the material from the skip to the mixer until the beginning of the discharge of the concrete from the mixer. Retempering or remixing concrete that is partially hardened will not be permitted. The operation of depositing, spreading, and finishing the concrete shall be as nearly continuous as possible for the full width and thickness of the base. When delays of sufficient length to permit the concrete deposited to attain initial set are necessary, a special timber header shall be placed at right angles and perpendicular to the road surface and the concrete finished to this header to true elevation and cross section. The concrete may be transported from the mixer to place on the sub¬ grade in any approved manner which avoids the segregation of materials. Any device or method of operation which tends to segregate the materials in such a manner that later operations do not completely eliminate such segregation, will not be permitted. S5-13 Placing Fabric Reinforcing S5-14 Composition S5-16 Consistency S5-16 Mixing Concrete S5-17 Placing Concrete 3 S5-18 Machine Finishing S5-19 Hand Finishing S5-20 Character of Surface Immediately after the concrete is deposited upon the subgrade it shall be struck off and^thoroughly tamped with a tamping bar in accordance with the methods described in S5-18 and S5-19. bC;. The^machine shallfbejoperated in such a way that there will be just enough tamping and no more than enough to produce a compact mass, and bring sufficient mortar to the surface to give a smooth, regular finish with all the coarse aggregate covered. Should an excess amount of mortar be brought^to the surface with only a small amount of tamping, the Engineer may^instruct the Contractor to increase the amount of coarse aggregate to such a point that an excess of mortar will not be obtained. f$f| The final belting and tamping of the slab shall be performed at the time thejgwater glazefor sheen has disappeared. The operation of the final belt¬ ing shall be performed in long stretches. H> When machine finishing is employed, the machine used shall be so ar¬ ranged as to strike off and thoroughly tamp the concrete and operate re¬ peatedly over the same area under its own power. In striking off, the strike board shall be set at least one-fourth (34) of an inch above the finished pavement grade, and in operating shall push ahead of it at least one (1) inch, and not to exceed four (4) inches, of concrete for the entire length of the strike board. The strike board and tamper on the machine shall be cut according to the direction of the Engineer, with such excess crown as may be necessary to provide the crown required by the approved plans. jt$i§ Machines to serve the purpose above indicated shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. The mechanical device or devices shall be so made and operated as to leave the finished slab true to grade, crown, and surface, and absolutely free from porous places. Where a machine finisher is used the Contractor shall provide necessary equipment for hand finishing, both on normal sections and on super-elevated sections, so that these may be available for use in case the machine finisher breaks down. Where a mechanical finisher is not used the concrete shall, after spread¬ ing, be thoroughly hand tamped by means of a tamper of the nature of a strike board operated by one or two men stationed at each end of the tamper on opposite sides of the roadway. The strike board shall be made with a crown one-fourth (34) inch in excess of the crown specified for the pavement, and its lower edge shall be shod with a strip of metal fastened with counter¬ sunk screws. Hand tamping shall be vigorous and sufficient to consolidate the concrete in such a manner as to close all voids. After the concrete has been struck off it shall be rolled with an approved metal hand roller by passing the roller repeatedly from one edge of the pave¬ ment to the other in one operation, until free water ceases to come to the surface. The hand roller shall have a smooth even surface, and shall be six (6) feet in length and not less than nine (9) nor more than twelve (12) inches in diameter. It shall weigh one (1) pound per inch of length, and shall be so equipped with a five-eighths ((4) inch rope that the rolling may be done by men standing at the edges of the pavement, and so that the pressure of the roller on the pavement will be uniform. In each successive transverse rolling the roller shall be advanced nine (9) inches. After rolling, the concrete surface shall be belted by moving a belt along it with a longitudinal and crosswise motion. Care should be taken so that the edges of the belt will not dig into and mar the surface of the concrete or will not work the crown out of the pavement. The belt shall be of canvas or rubber not less than ten (10) inches in width and about two (2) feet longer than the width of the pavement. After the water glaze or sheen has dis¬ appeared from the surface of the concrete the operation of rolling and belt¬ ing shall be repeated. The surface of the pavement shall be tested by the Inspector with a ten foot straight edge, placed parallel to the center line of the pavement. The presence of any depressions in excess of one-quarter (34) inch in depth shall be sufficient grounds for the rejection of that portion of the pavement where ( 4 said depression occurs, and of such additional area as in the judgment of the Engineer will be damaged in making the necessary corrections. In testing the surface of the pavement, successive positions of the straight edge shall be lapped one-half the length of the straight edge. Note: Tests as above described should be made immediately proceed¬ ing the final belting of the surface. In this manner depressions or irregu¬ larities may be discovered and corrected before the concrete has taken its initial set. The pavement shall be covered with canvas as soon as the concrete is sufficiently hardened and within twenty-four (24) hours with a layer of earth two (2) inches thick, which shall be kept wet at least ten (10) days by sprink¬ ling with water or the concrete may be flooded by using suitable dykes. Under the most favorable condition for hardening in hot, dry weather, the pavement shall be closed to traffic for twenty-one (21) days, and in cool damp weather for an additional length of time to be determined by the Engineer. If at the time the pavement is laid or during period of curing, the temperature during the day time drops below 50 degrees Fahrenheit sprinkling and covering of the pavement shall be omitted at the discretion of the Engineer. The Contractor shall erect and maintain suitable barriers to protect the con¬ crete from traffic and any part of the pavement damaged from traffic or other causes, occuring prior to its being opened to traffic as above des- scribed, shall be repaired or replaced by the Contractor at his expense, in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer. Before the pavement is opened to traffic, the covering shall be removed and disposed of as directed by the Engineer. This work shall be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard for one course cement concrete pavement, complete in place, which price will include all concrete, steel, and joint materials, all forms, equipment, tools, labor and work incidental thereto, including the subgrade preparation. Upon the opening of the pavement to traffic and the completion of the incidental work on sections of not less than one mile in length, final payment on such portions may be made upon approval of the Party of the First Part, the Surety and the Engineer. When and where required by the plans or by the Engineer integral con¬ crete curbing shall be constructed on the edge of the concrete slab of the dimension shown. This curbing shall be placed immediately after the con¬ crete in the slab has been placed and before it takes its initial set, so that the curbing will bond thoroughly with the concrete slab. The bonding of the concrete curb with the concrete slab shall further be effected by spading thor¬ oughly the curb concrete into the slab concrete as the curb concrete is being placed. The upper surface of the curb shall be finished true to grade, align¬ ment, and cross section in a smooth, workman-like manner. The concrete curb shall consist of concrete mixed in the same propor¬ tion as specified for the concrete pavement. Payment for the integral concrete curbing will be made at the bid price per lineal foot for such curbing complete in place, which price shall include the furnishing of all materials, all forms, equipment, tools, labor and work incidental thereto. PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE BASE COURSE This plain concrete base course shall consist of a concrete foundation having the specified dimensions, design, and cross section, constructed in accordance with these specifications on the prepared subgrade. This concrete shall be composed of one (1) part Portland cement, two and one-half (2%) parts fine aggregate, and approximately four (4) parts of course aggregate, unless a machine tamper and finisher is used, in which case approximately five (5) parts of coarse aggregate shall be used. S5-21 Protection of Concrete S5-22 Basis of Payment S6-23 Final Estimate on Sections of Contract S5-24 Integral Concrete Curbing S6-25 Basis of Payment S5-26 Description S5-27 Composition 5 I S5-28 Thickness of Base and Curb S5-29 One Course Concrete Specifications Which Apply to Base Course S5-30 Constructing the Integral Concrete Curbing S5-31 Proportions for Concrete Curbing S5-32 Marking Base for Asphaltic Concrete Pavement S5-33 Protection of Concrete S5-34 Basis of Payment In order that there may be no question as to the amount of cement re¬ quired, the following schedule of requirements is stated: Barrels Asphaltic, Brick, Per Sack Sacks Cu. Yd. Per Per Sq. Yd. Sq. Yd Cement, Hand Finish. . 1.33 0.88 0.72 Cement, Machine Finish... . 1.18 0.80 0.64 Thickness of the completed base for brick pavement construction shall be five (5) inches throughout except for the curb, which shall have an addi¬ tional thickness of three and one-fourth (3^) inches. The thickness of the completed base for an asphaltic concrete surface shall be six (6) inches through¬ out except for the curb, which shall have an additional thickness of one and three-fourths (lJkQ inches. The following paragraphs of this Section of the Specifications shall apply in detail to the construction of plain cement concrete base course: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 17, IS, 19, and 20, with the following modifications: The crushed stone for coarse aggregate shall have a French Coefficient of wear of not less than three (3), and no specific requirements as to tough¬ ness. When crushed stone is to be used having a French Coefficient of wear of less than eight (8), such stone shall first be approved by the Engineer. The gravel shall not show more than 12% loss when tested for abrasion, nor contain more than 4% of slate and shale. A concrete curb shall be constructed on each edge of the concrete base, and of the dimensions shown. This curbing shall be placed immediately after the concrete in the base has been placed and before it takes its initial set, so that the curbing will bond thoroughly with the concrete base. The bonding of the concrete curb with the concrete base shall be further effected by spading through the curb concrete and into the base concrete as the curb concrete is being placed. The upper surface of the curb shall be finished true to grade and alignment and in a smooth, workmanlike manner. The curb shall be cut in sections about ten (10) feet in length by means of metal plates one-eighth (j/g) of an inch thick, which shall be set in place in the form, before the concrete is deposited. The lower edge of the metal plates shall be at the elevation of the top of the concrete base. The concrete on each side of the metal plate shall be finished to the same elevation. As soon as the concrete sets sufficiently the metal plates shall be withdrawn, care being taken not to injure the concrete in so doing. The concrete curbing shall consist of concrete mixed in the same pro¬ portion as specified for the concrete base. Both faces of the curb shall be thoroughly tamped and spaded to prevent the formation of rock pockets or porous places. Immediately before the initial set of the concrete base the face shall be marked to provide a bond in case an asphaltic concrete surface is to be used. The marking shall be accomplished by a method approved by the Engineer. The slab shall be ponded or kept wet by sprinkling for a period of five (5) days, and no hauling will be permitted on it for two (2) weeks. This work will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard for “plain cement concrete base course” for “brick pavement” or “plain cement concrete base course for asphaltic concrete pavement,” complete in place, which price will include all material, equipment, tools, labor, and work incidental to such base including the integral curb. ( ( 6 MINNESOTA STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS J SECTION SIX BROKEN STONE BASE This base shall consist of eight(8'/ inches of completed thick- S6-1 ness of stone laid in t'.TO courses in accordance with the following Description specifications. The provisions of ’’General Clause, all Pavements” shall apply in S6-2 detail to the construction of concrete pavements under these specifica- General tions. Clauses All pavements (a) Crushed S tone. The crushed stone shall consist of angular fragments of limstone, granite, trap rock or other approved road metal of uniform quality throughout, free from thin or elongated pieces, soft or disintegrated stone, dirt crother objectionable matter, and shall meet the following requirements: French coefficient of wear net less Toughness not less than............ The stone shall be that portion of tested by means of laboratory screens, wi ments. han «f..c..oo,.c,o.o,o • c i«*9)«e*&ooc 100 g., 5 sec., SO to 120. b7 " 3 5. Loss at 163°C. \325°F.) 5 hours not more than 3.0%. Fluxed (a) Peetration of residue at 25°C. (77°F.) 100 g., 5 sec., Natural not less "than {% of the original) 50%. Laire Asphalt 6 . Total bitumen (soluble in carbon disulphide) not less than 95%. (a) Inorganic matter insoluble 1.5 to 2.5%. S7-2 Bdtumino . • or j j . 1 The oil asphalt shall be homogeneous, free from rater, and shall not S7-4 foam when heated to 175°C. (o47°F.) It shall meet the following re- Oil quirements. Asphalt 1. Specific gravity 25°/ 25°C. (77°/770p.) not less than 1.00 2. Flash point not less than 175°C. (347°F.) 3. Melting point, 35°C. (95°E.) to 55°C,.' (131°F.) 4. Penetration at 25°0. (77°F. 100 g., 5 sec., 90 to 120 5. Loss at 163°C. (325°F.) 5 hours not more than 1.00% (a) Penetratin of residue at 25°C (77°F.) 100g., 5 sec. 6 . 1 . not less than (% of original ) 80%. Total bitumen (soluble in carbon disulphide) not (a) Organic natter insululie not more than 0.2% Specific Gravity-U.S. Department of Agriculture less than 99.5% j7 ~ b Methods of Bulletin 314, Testing 2 . p. 5. Flash point (open cap) U.3. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314, p. 117. 3. Melting point -A.S.T.M. Tentative Standard D3S-16T, Proc. A.S.T.M. 1918, p. 707. 4. Penetration- A.S.T.M* Standards Test D5-18 5. Volstilization*U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314,p.19, using 50 gram sample. 6 . Total bitumen - U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin > ? 14, p. 25 \ <• . 1 % z. The refined tar shall be homogenous and free from water. It shall meet the following requirements for use in "rearing course 1. Specific Gravity 25°/25°C. (77°/77°F.) 1*22 to 1.28 2. Float test at 50°C. (132°F.) 120 to 180 Sec. 3. Total distillate by weight. To 1/’0°C , (338°F. ) not more than 0.0/6 To 300°C. (572°F.) not more than 15,0/0 Specific gravity total distillate 25°/25°C. (77°/77°F.) not less than 1.03 Melting point of residue not more than 65°C. 4. Total bitumen (soluble in carbon disulphide) 75 °/o -o 5. Inorganic matter ^ash) not over 0.5%. 87-6 Hefind Tar for Wearing dourec pop First Seal Coat It shall meet the following requirements; 1. Specific Gravity 25°/2o°d. 77°/77°F.) 1.15 to 1.18 2. Viscosity at 40°C, (104°F.) not more than 250 Sec. nor less than 175° Sec. for 100°G.G, 3. Total distillate by weight. To 170°G. (338^'F.) not more than 7 %. To 300°C. (5' 7 2°F.) not more than 35%. (a) Specific gravity of entire distillate 25° /25°0, Not less than 1,01. (b) Melting point of residue not more than 52°C. 4. Total Bitumen (soluble in carbon disulphide) 89% to 93%, 87-7 Refined Tar for Second Seal Goat. 1. Specific Gravity TI.S . Department of agriculture Bulletin 314 p.5 2. Float test U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314 p c 9 3. Distillation test A.S.T.1.1. Standard Test D-20-38 4. Melting point-A.S,T.M. Tentative Standard D56-16T Froc, A.G.T.M. 1918, p.707 5. Total bitumen-U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314, p. 2.5. 6. Inorganic matter (ash) U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 614, p. 27. 7. Specific viecosity-U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314, p. 7 The crushed stone shall consist of angular fragments of limestone, graphite, trap rock or other approved ,road metal of uniform quality throughout, free from this or elongated pieces, soft or disintegrated stone, dirt, or other objectionable matter, and shall meet the follow¬ ing requirements. French coefficient of 'wear not less than............6 Toughness not less than.....6 The stone shall be that portion of the crusher product with no intermediet.e sizes removed, which a bon tested by means of laboratory screens, will meet the following requirements. Passing t r o and one-half (2-| !1 ) inch screen...100% Retained on one (]."') inch screen not less than 95/6. S7-8 Methods of Testing t at the r ate, approximately gecond Co^t of one (l) cubic yard to seventy (70) square yards of surface, or of Litvmiccu an amount to sufficiently cover the s urface 9 The road shall than Material be rolled until thoroughly compacted. & sufficient amount of cover shall be left on the surface to protect the r ond while setting up. The pavement shall ppened to traffic only upon written per- m ission of the Engineer. Within thirty to sixty ,ays after the completion of the above portion of the pavement and its use by traffic, and at such time S7-17 as approved by ^he Engineer, the pavement shall be thoroughly Second Seal swept and all dust and dirt removed. Coat. •after the surface has been cleaned, and when it is dry, not less than one-quarter (|r) nor more than one-half (g-) gallon of the same asphalt as used in wearing course (or if tar was used, in wearing course than use tar as specified for -econd s eal coat) shall be un~ formly applied by means of a suitable pressure distributor. This second seal cost shall be applied up to the maximum of one-half (•§■) gallon per square yard if the pavement retains it without running to the sides. Within twenty-four (24) hours after the pplications of the bituminous material the surface shall be uniformly covered with stone chips in sufficient Truantity to completly cover the surface. The approximate amount of covering material required is one (1) cubic yard to one hundred and fifty (150) square yards of surface. No traffic shall be allowed on. the newly applied bituminous material until the covering has been applied. No portion of the finished surface shall be more than one-half (ir) inch below a template cut to the crown shown on the cross-section?. S7-18 drawings, placed on the pavement at right angles to the center line Testing of the road andno portion shall be more than one-half (g) inch ow •' Surface a straight edge ten (10) feet in length. This work will be paid for at contract unit price per square S7-19 yard for bituminous Macadam Pavement complete in place which price Basis of will include all materials, equipment, tools labor and work inQ payment cidenta.1 thereto. X MINNESOTA. STAKEOUT SPECIFICATIONS SECTION EIGHT T ASPHALTIC CONCRETE ( CLASS A,) This pavement shall consist o.f an asphaltic concrete rearing course,, consisting of a compacted lAlrttire of mineral , 8.8-*! aggregate and bituminous material, having a thickness of not • Description less than two {2 h '$ inches and constructed or; the p repared base ocurse in accordance irith these specifications, ihe bituminous unsStpriak to t>o ' r:v..ll £•'-—£ be a natural i ®.!ce asphalt or an oil asphalt, corresponding to the Bituminous following specificationso The kind of asphalt to be v.sed being Material prescribed in the proposal and contract 0 The fitsned native asphalt shall, be homogeneous, free from ■water, and shall not foam vhan heated to 5.?5oG » (34?qF 0 )® SL8-3 X*c shall meet the following requirements*, 1 Flatted Natural 1. Specific Gravity 2 ? o f25 O 0,(7VoF.) J.,050 to 2 y Flash point* not less than £75oC»{347oF a ) 3* Melting point, 45oC. (r.3oF„) to 55o C t .( isioF,) 4, Penetration at 25oC.,(7?oF c .) X00g«, 5 sec,, 40 to 50* 5, Loss at 263oCa{ 325cF *) 5 hours,, not more than 3 fl G$. (a) Penetration of residue at 25oC,(T/oF,) 100 g,* 5 sec*^ not less than 30, Sr. Total bitunen (soluble in carbon dtsulph5.de) not less than j: ««, J/* It shal ). meet the fol 1* 5peo5 fic gravit \T 2 \J 2 t Fiash point, not X Sc Melt! ng point# a:jo' 4, Per.efc ratoon at 2Sc" 5, Losj at l*.63cC, / r g r\ (a) Anorganic matter insoluble 2 r . 0/1 to 3,5 /£, The oil asphalt stall be homogeneous,, free from r/ater, and shall not foam '.Then heated to lYbc&e (34'Vo F*)# S3-4 Oil Asphalt .Ting requirements s f2bo C» i Yi oF 0 ) not less than 1*0x0, s than l?5o C 0 (M7oF u ) (l04oF... > to 60oC o .(il40o?«) (7VoF.; lOOgc, 5 sec-o 40 to 50, oF 0 ) 5 hours not mere than 1»0% (a) Penetration of residue at 25o C„{77oF,} 100g., 5 sec,, not less than 30, 6, Total bitumen (soluble in carbon disuljshide) not less than (a) Organic matter insoluble not more than 0*2% Tests o.f ti>e phyiy-*'':*! and chemical properties of the asphalt shall be made in accordance 'with the following methods: S8->5 Methods Of Testing 1 ; Specific Gravity, U.3, Department of Agriculture Bulletin 3X4, p, 5, £. Flash point (open cup) U.3* Department of Agricultuv Bulletin 314, p, x t • Melting point A,5sl*.M, Tentative Standard D~56 *\j.6"T . t Fpoc t AcS,T.,M, X9I6, pr„ 549. n r 4 t lent.ration: oxkA ,£UT ,Ml standard Test .05-16, - A * . • * 1 1 v* •! ** * V,' ^*r-* ri 4 »'* M. 4t * i ” V V .,V . V ' - ^' A •. r^ouire^en’cs i SS-6 French coefficient not less than,. ...6 Mineral Toughness not less than....................... 8 Aggregate It shall be theprcduct of the crusher ~ T h?.eh, when Broken Stone tested by means of laboratory screens r/ will, meet the following requirements $ Passing (*g-) inch screen, not .Less thane........95 p er cent* Retained om (-J) inch screen, not less than....20 per cent. The sand shall be composed of sound durable stone particles S8-7 free from a coaxing of clay or loam, when tested by means of iaboratorySand screens the sand shall meet t?ie follairing requirements.: Passing *1} inch screen*.. J00 par cent. Retained on (200^ nesh sieve, not less than.....90 per cent* The mineral filler shall consist of limestone dust, dolomite dust, Portland cement, or natural cement i It shall be free from foreign or other objectionable material* S8-8 When hashed by means of laboratory sieves, the Mineral Filler , r* ***** o ^ f'* 1 1 ^ r* *■•„!» " 7 ~ r ’f - o ^ ^ y «•!•-* •• o ^n «* *■ i afa * M, , k 4.-^ . «ii m.V. ' C l- '.Vv U Jk «• • « «V A *- %> 1 £ mU » V -h - it , Passing (50) mesh sieve.....100 per cent. Total passing (200) mesh sieve, not less than...65 per cent* The total mineral aggregate shall consist of a uniform mixture of the broken stone, send, and mineral filler., the required grad- S8«9 ing of each being each as to procure, when properly proportioned,Total Mineral a mixture conforming to the following limitations for grading* Aggregate The exact proportion of each constituent producing a total mineral aggregate within’ these limitsxions phalli. be as directed by the Engineer. When, teoidd by means of laboratory screer.e and sieves the total mineral aggregate snail; meet the following requirements ? Passing vg* ) inch and retained on {^} inch screen.* *7ioI4 PerCent Passing (y) inch screen and retained on(l0); mesh sieve 12 to30 ,J Passing (XOjmeoh and retained ow/40) mesh sieve......../to 20*' Passing449 ) mesh and retained on(80 ) uvash sieve**«. •• .Dj. to- 36 Passing t 80;inesh and retained on (200 jmesh sieve..... 10 tco 25 Passing {200 ) mash sieve-,. .............................7 to II' 4 The broken stone and sand for the bituminous concrete S8-10 shall be heated, as directed, before entering the mixer to HeatingMinera.A between 225o F« and 325o F., in revolving dryers in which no Aggregate flame shall be permitted to come in contact with the broken stone and sand and in which stone and sand shall be continuously agitated during the heating* The bncuminous material shall to heated in. kettles so S8« ».X designed'as to admit of even, heating of the entire mass, with an ci 'IpTeating efficient and positive control cf the heat at all times* It shall Bituminous be heated as directed to a temp erature between 275oF* and 350oF. J-fe.ter.iad All bituminous material heated beyond 350oF„, either before or during mixing with the mineral aggregate shall be rejected* i The Contractor shall provi.de a sufficient number of S3»12 accurate, efficient, stationary thermometers for determining Thermometers the temperatures of the bituminous material in kettles* Furnished by Contractors When thoroughly heated to the temperature directed, the bituminous material and the mineral aggregate for the bituminous S.8-23 concrete shall be accurately measured and nuxed so that the resul tingMixing mixture shall contain from seven. (?) to ten iiiGJ} per cent of bitumen as directed^ A Mixer shall be used, having revolving blades, and so designed and operated as to produce and discharge a thoroughly coated and uniform mixture of nor:3 ogre get ::d broken* stone, sand and bituminous material, "Saion discharged the mixture shall have a temp erature not more than 325 F., and not less than 250 F„ f as directed. All defective areas in the foundation shall be repaired as S3*44 directed in advance of laying the bituminous concrete. Before laying Surface the bituminous concrete the surface of the foundation shall be dry andFaurdation thoroughly cleaned«, The bituminous concrete, heated and. prepared as specified S8-15 shall be delivered direct from the mixer to the point of deposition Laying on the foundation in trucks, provided with canvas covers for retainBituminous «ing the heat. As delivered the bituminous concrete shall have Concrete a temperature of at least 225o F* Material having a loner temperature than this shall nob be laid upon the foundation.. Before the bituminous concrete is placed, all contact surfaces of curbs, edgings, manholes, etc., shall be well painted with hot bituminous material. The mixture shall be dumped far enough in advance of its final position to insure the entire load being turned, and when ordered by the Engineer, each "oad shall be dumped on wooden oi sceel platforms instead of dumping on the concrete* The bituminous concrete shall bo immediately spread as directed over the foundation course by men experienced in such work, so that when rolled it shall have a thickness at no place less than two (2 » inches and shall be free from surface depressions and irregularities. The paving shall be done as continously as practicable, to reduce to a minimum the number of joints between hot and cold materials* Such joints shall be constructed as directed* Rollers used in the bituminous concrete coat shall be 36-16 Rolling well balanced, self ^propelled, tandem rollers weighing between eight (8) and ten fj.O) tons each. Each shall have a compression under the rear roller of between two hundred (?CG) and three hundred (300) pounds per lineal inch of roil, and shall be provided with an ash pan, which shall prevent ashes from dropping upon the bituminous concrete, The bituminous concrete wearing course, laid as specified shall be rolled at one while the mixture is warm and pliable, beginning at the edges and working toward the center, Means for preventing the bituminous material from adhering to the roller shall be provided as directed* Rolling shall continue without .interruption until ail roller marks disappear and the surface shows no further compressibility. Places which the roller cannot effectively reach shall be compressed with hot iron tempers. After the initial compression has been obtained the surface shell be swept with a heavy layer of dry Portland dement and the rolling continued. 1 * WO ^urfcion of the finiohoil surface shall be more S8 17 than one-half (-gr) inch below a template cut to the crown on Testing Surface the cross**section drawings, placed on the pavement at right angles to the center line of the road and no portion of it shall be more than one fourth (f) inch below a straight edge,, ten(lO) feet in length or more tharo one-eight (3/8) inch below a straight edge,, three (3) feet in length laid on the pavement parallel! to the center line of the read* . llz bz.turin*v-r ce-rrHio shall h ? mired or placed between-December 1 and April l v except by written permission., and no bituminous concrete S0»10 shall be placed when the foundation is damp or otherwise unsatisfactorycSeasora and Weather This work will be paid for at the contract unit price Limitat&oro per square yard, for Class :, a 51 Asphaltic Concrete* complete in S8~>!9 place* which price will include all materials, equipment, tools. Basis of labor and work incidental thereto. Payment ASPHALTIC CONCRETE CLASS"3 ,! This pavement shall consist of an asphalt to concrete $8-*20 wearing course, consisting of a compacted mixture of mineral Description aggregate and bituminous nutteriai,having a thickness of not less than two (2) inches ant. constructed on the prepared base course in accordance with these specifications« 'T'V . jL w .‘ lu ^ + ry 3 r •l-V* /' • s -■ q n or'i.2, shall be a fluxed natural lake asphalt or an oil asphalt. Bituminous corresponding to che following specifications# The kind of Material asphalt to be used being prescribed in the proposal and contract. 88*22 The fluxed native asphalt shall be homogeneous, free from water, and shall not foam when heated to 175o C » Fluxed Natural! (347oF«) It shall meet the following requirements; Lake Asphalt 1 1 Specific Gravity 25e/25o C* \(77aF* ) w . 1,080 to 1 ; ,070« 2 C Flash point, r.ot less than i?5oC fi (347oF a } 3 ft Melting point,4-hoO, (‘lif*,?# ’ ) to 56ct*(loidF. ) 4 j Penetration at 25cC« *?7oF,), XOOg«•, 5 sec. v » 80 to 60* 5. Loss at L63 o0a (325oF« » 5 hours,, hob more tha-x 3$0$ s (&.) Penetration of residue at £5oC*{77oF„) 100 g»,> 5 secnot less than 30,? 6, Total bitumen (soluble in carbon disupphide), not less than 94*5 fo. '*)) tnorgandc matter inso 1 rfbi. e, 2 c Ofo to 3,5$. 'The oil asphalt aliaH be homogeneous s free from water, and shall j C* O rr 1>0*>CQ n he?ted bo 1V5 C ) j It shall meet the fc llov; ing requiremen \.i *b t Oil 1* Specific Gravit y 25o/ 25o 0, (?7o 3 . < f Or s> } not less than 1 2c Flash po ini, net less than 175o c c ; 347 oF.) 3c Melting point. nOoG^ \ lOftoFc ! 'c o 6CoC» (UC oF ,} 4 « Perotcat ion at 25oC i VVoFc; , 10 ie ^ ■> 5 sec. f 50 to 60. 5c Loss at 333o0c c'i5h ours , no t m ore ■ than i„G%. fa ' v-v Peneti at ion of res.idtie at 25o c,( 77oF # ) 100g 5 S6 3„ r.oc less than 40, 6, Total bitumen ( soluble in carbon disulphide,) not less than 99,5$. s f. . / < (a) Organic'md-fc-tor incoliibl-c, not mOTfc 'than O' ~^c'/o. Tests of the physical and chemical properties of the asphalt S8*24 shall be made in accordance with the following methods i Method c lo Specific Gravity U*Sr> Department of Agriculture Testing Bulletin 314, p u 5. 2 C Flash coin!; ioon.n cup) U & S„ Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314, pi 17 3* Melting point A,8 TTentative Standard D«3Sv-5S-T. Prooo A*3,.T,M, 1316, P 4 549, 4, Penetretion A oS fT ,M t Standard Test D^‘5^16,, C«,' Vo!?ti?ise.tion test Tf Sj D-ipa-*’”?e:*t of Arvicvlb r;?, Bulletin 314., p* 19, using 50 gram aempiev. Co Total bitumen UoS* Department ox* Agriculture Bulletin 3 *? /. ~v *' n 4 £ P t. K/c) 6 The broken stone shall consist of angular fragments of S8--25 rock, excluding schist, shale, and slate, free from thin or elon- Broken gated! pieces^ soft or disintegrated atone, dirt, or other object- Stone ionable matter, occuring either free or as a coating on the stone, The stone shall metfit the following requirements; French coefficient of wear, not less than.,8 Toughness, not less than., ..,8 The broken stout for the coarse aggregate shall be that S8-26 of the pTG<*iwt cf the w.'* 1 s?>i\ whiofc$ when tested by means Coarse of laboratory screen;^ wAav. khe following requir emente3 Aggregate covfev3.fr, not less than.,95 per cent portion passrw; Total passing y3/4y)) inch scree;*.,,,,. inch screen, not less thai Retained on {•}■:■ inch j. CiK O o t f I q I JU 1) -I The sand for fine aggregate shall be composed of sound! 88^27 durable stone particles 9 free from a coating of clay or loan* Sand When tested by means of laboratory worsens the sand shall meet the following requirements $ Passing, (x) inch soreen c ,. «.»..* *«»o100 per cehb Total passing 40 mesh sieve, ..20 to 73 " l1 Retained on IOC mess siev-\ not less than-«90 ” " Tho mineral filler shall consist of limestone dust^ dolomite?8-28 dust, Portland cement, or natural cement. It shall be free from foreign or other objectionable material. When tested by means of laboratory sieves r the mineral filler shall meet the following requirements; T v c* * ^ »«•«.- *■'■> * * ^ a -v— c 4.^^ 'iv* *^v/ w/.,» ova O •«>£.» w Total passing 200 mesh sieve, not less than..65 u J: Mineral Filler The broken stone and sand for the bituminous concrete S8-29 shall be heated,, as directed, before entering the mixer to betweeiiEeating 225F, and 325 F t in revolving dryers in which no .flame shall be Mineral permitted to core in contact with the broken stone and sand, and Aggregate in which the broken stone and sand shall be continuously agitated during the heating. i. » / . 1 .. ■ y The b5.i'.uni'ncus material shall be heated in kettles so designed S 8 - 0 C 2 .s to admit of even heating oi the entire mss, vith on ofiicient and pos- Keating itive control of the heat at all tines. It shall be heated as directed to xituninou a temperature betveen 275o ?• and 350 of. 11 bituminous material heated Materia.: beyond 350o either before or during mixing "./ith the mineral • rerrerate shall be rejectee. The Contractor shall provide a sufficient number of S3-31 accurate* efficient, stationary thermometers for determining trie ten- Thermometer perature of the bituminous material in kettles. 0 urn. 1 shea ■/: Contractor hen thorouphljr he -' 1 3 oG. *c 0 -unc temperacure airccoca, the.bituminous material and the mineral aggregate shall be accurately S-6-32 measured and nixed so what the resulting mixture shall meet the following mixing requirements: . passing Xgr inch screen and retained on a 3/4 inch... 1851 to 34/ passing 8/4 inch screen and retained on a /inch.16/ to 31 / Passing if inch screen and retained on 40 mesh sieve.12/ to 28/ Passing a 40 mash sieve and retained on a 200 mesh*.9/ to 25/ Passing 200 mesh sieve Bitumen. • • • ? .©*w*#r**o> •• u . 5 / to 8/ ..6/ to 9/ hen discharged, the mixture shall have a temperature of not more than 325o -and not less than 2 5 Oof ., as directed. the mineral aggregate shall be thoroughly dried and heated in a rotary dryer, and .‘bile still hot,, shall be separated into at least four sizes by means of 3 , rotary screen so arranged that the product of each screen section shall drop into a corresponding compartment or bin. The aggregate capacity of all compartments to be net less than ten ( 10 ) cubic yards* from these several compart¬ ments the desired amount of each size aggregate shall be dram into a veigh box resting on a multi-be \n‘scalej and each size shall be weighed accurately and separate¬ ly therein* after -which, the trhole batch ehu ]1 be emptied into a ? 1 T.r:ln«fug u mixer, here it shall be thoroughly mixedvith the separately heated asphaltic cement, until ■he combination Is 0 . uniform bituminous concrete. as directed w t J All defective areas in the foundation shall be repaired in advance of laying the bituminous concrete. Before laying the bit urn- 88 inous concrete the surface of the foundation shall bo dry and thorough- Surface . ly cleaned, foundation As The bituminous concrete, heated and prepared as specified shall be delivered direct from the mixer to the point of deposition on the foundation in trucks, provided .'ith canvas covers for retxinin; the heat, delivered , the bituminous concrete shall have a benper //’cure of at least 226oF* Mr ’serial having a lover temperature then this shall not bo laid upon the S8*~34 “bund at ion* Before the bituminous concrete is pi .coo., .11 contact surface Maying f curbs, edgings, manholes, etcIk shall be ' ell gain-ad viih hot uitvninous bituminous material. the xalxtur© shall be droned i r enough in advance Concrete, of its final position to in ure the entire load being turned, and. hen ordered by the bhsineer, each ]oad sh-11 l»s dunned on an or tool pi hvcrais instead dumninr: on the concrete. The bituminous concoct 0 s,; .11 be immediately spread as directed over the foundation course by man ern.rianced in such *ork* 7 Immediately aftor the veariug Surface has been spread 33 uid before it has been compacted in any manner, it shall be covered with B.ea.l Jou'. •eal coat mixture, which has been mechanically mixed. The seal coat mix- ore shall consist of approximately one^feurth (ip) gallon asphaltic cement jO twenty (20) pounds of mineral aggregate not la?.-per than.'- one-fourth (g:) nch diameter, and shall be used in sufficient quantity (approximately ;hirty«five (35 ) pounds per square yard ) to comp'febeiy seal the surface ?fter compression, Immediately after spreading the s^al coat, it shall be thoroughly rolled into the surface mixture. then rolled it shall have a sickness at no place less than two (2) inches and shall be free from surf¬ ace depressions and irregularities. The paving shall be done as contin- usly as practicable, to reduce to a minimum tne numoer ox joints between ot and cold materials. Such joints shall be constructed as directed. Rollers used c elr propelled rollers, weigh! e provided with an ash pan., oon the bit-ominous concrete,., The biiumi nous fhall be rolled at on ce while h the edges and working toward luminous material from adder .in lolling shall continue without and the surface shows no f oot can not effectively reach she. 2 n the bituminous concrete coat; shall be ng not less than, ten (.10) tons, and shall which shall prevent ashes from cropping Sl3»-o6 Rolling concrete 'Tearing course,, laid as specified the mixture is '.'arnr. and pdcable, beginning the centero Means for preventing the bi« g to the roller shall be provided as directed, interruption until all roller marks disappear her compressibility. Places "which the roller i, be compressed "ith hot iron tampers * No portion of the finished surface shall be more than one- half (|r) inch be lor* a template cut to the cream shewn on the cross section •• • • i*- • c ^ " Ct ° ^ t auW ‘ V .-w right t the c: it or 'lire cf the . oad,, and no portion of it shall be more than one-fourth inch below .t straight edge (10) feet in length or more than, one^oighb \l/S) inch oelgiT a straight edge three (3 ) feet in length laid on the p avement •arailel to the center line of the road. 58-37 Testing No bituminous concrete shall be mixed or placed between. December 1 and April 1, except by written permission and no bituminous concrete shall be placed when the foundation is damp or others.Lse unsatisfactory. 38-35 S.eas onaX and Weather Limitations This work wi P er sqU are yard^for Class nich price will include a 12, work incidental thereto. IX be paid for at the contract unit price ‘‘13% Asphaltic Concrete, complete in plac materials, equipment, tools,, labor, and o ** 5 is claimed struction Note: Class U B” Asphalwic Concrete is a pc.vement irhich it by barren Bros. Company as covered by their patents fair con- of bithulithio pavements* £3-39 Tias'ts of Payment I ~£r \ *7 3 ASi.'Ix. JjTIC 0OKCRETE (CVxSiJ. c ) This pavement shall consist of an asphaltic concrete birder course one and one-half (Iff} inches thick, and an isphu^tic con- So —'.0 Crete ’..'earing course one and lone-half (if/) inches thick. Description constructed on the prepared base course in accordance i.ith these spec!ficat 1 ens * the bituminous materia] to be used in both the binder and the ..•caring course shall conform ait it the require ends atrf cd in F.v..*- SS-;." graphs 2,3,4, and 5 of this section. Bituminous Material BIDDER Broken stone for the binder shall consist of angular .fragments of rock, excluding schist, shale, and slate. It shall be free S3<»42 from thin or elongated pieces, soft or disintegrated stone, dirt. Mineral Aggregate- broken btone. or other objectionable natter, occurring cither free or as a coating on the st -aio. The stone snail meet the folio ring requirements: french coefficient not loss than.. .8 Toughness not less than ,.8 It shall be oho product of the crusher, vhich "hen tested by means of laboratory screens trill meet the fo.llo.ring requirements : Passing iff screen.,..*.. All of vhich shall be screened over or retained > e-. 1 .*- •** v* •>**- - r ^ * The binder stone shall, in all cases, be veil graded onc- third (.1/3) by veiglvc being from ono-eighth (l/ 8 ) inch in size to size passing a five-eighths (5/8) inch screen, the remaining too-thirds ( 2 /o) being of a larger size# The sand shall be composed of hard, sound., durable stone particles, free from coating of clay or loam. V/hen rested by means of Liboraton* screens the sand shall meet the following S3 *•••43 O Oe J », v.1 reouirenents; Pa s s i n g s c r eon, 100 % S5«44 Composition of Binder Retained-on 200 mesh sieve not less than 93fo The binders shall have the following percentage of composi¬ tion : Bx cumxn. 4 co 6,0 Sand 'j •* ir.Oro oO, 0 Broker. Stone 65 to*?5^ Departure from standard proportions given ab 6 ve shall be at the discretion of the Engineer« The asphaltic cement sand and S’cone shall be separately veighed into each hatch. The aggregate shall bo dried and heated in properly de¬ signed driers before mixing viih the asphaltic cement* The driers shall be of the revolving type, thoroughly agitating and 53-45 turning the materials during the process of drying, when the Heating Miner aggregate is thoroughly dried ar.d heated to a temperature of from Aggregate. 200o to 350o ‘Fahrenheit, it shall immediately, before cooling, be mixed ith 0 . hot asphaltic cement* o The asphaltic Ctownt ok-i.i v© moltovi u i a kanic ui rangea so'the heat can be properly and easily controlled. hen melted and raised to a temperature of from 250o to I550o F., it shall be combined v:ith the hot aggregate .and immediately mined in a properly designed miner ..ith the revolving blades until a thorough and intimate mixture of the ingredients has been accomplished and the parti¬ cles composing the aggregate evenly and thoroughly coated vrith the asphaltic cement. S6- »\rO I.X-' -. inr. i,. i.< nous water., nd .. - ixini , T^o binder mixture prepared -as above described shall then be d tc the street, suitably covered, aiiilc in S8«-V7 T • r*» • # m o aa 0curfeev hauled tc the street, suitably covered, r.-hilc in transit, so as to rfcaoh the street wt c. Temperature of from 2’5Co to ScOo Ft The mixture shall then be promptly and uniformly spread upon the foundation to such thickness that after being immediately and thoroughly compacted by rollin'-:, it shall have a thickness of ono and •mc-h.-lf (if) inches* and its upper surface shall be parallel tc the finished surfo.ee tc be laid thereon. In places here rolling is impossible or impracticable, the binder shall be compressed by tamping •..•ith hot iron tampersi Before laying the binder the foundation shall be svrept end cleaned and all dirt, foreign matter, .aid loose materials shall be removed. Me traffic, except such as may bo required in depositing the surface mixture* - shall be altered Ion the binder course. Any part of the binder course that shoos lack of bond or that is in any vy. defective or "hich may become loose or broken up must bo taken up and removed irvm the street end replaced '"ith good mater¬ ial, properly laid, all in accordance * ivh these specific /bi-ns* ■ binder shall be folio..ed and covered .ith the caring surface mixture as soon as practicable in order to effect the moat fh rcu h bond bet 'ocn the binder and .oaring surf ce. The ..mount of uncovered binder in xd- under control of the v.'.ncc of the •caring surface shall be o.t all tf.es in inecr. generally, no placing'of binder ill be -.Hu ee. in cold or rain;/ Gather* "he engineer may, hoi/ever, permit ork of this char. ctcr to ?. continue then overtoken by sudden r .in, up to the amount diich rx.y be • in transit from the clo.nl at. the time, but the plant must be shut dean on his orders and no additional material laid. Binder shall al ays be dumped outside of the space in be spread* 1 * * * • _ Inch 10 is to On the binder course as heretofore specified, shall be 1 .id S8»*48 bituminous concrete • earing surface, ahich shall be constructed ..caring Covr a in 'ccordancc v-itb paragraphs S to 13 inclusive, of this Section* The asph. .ltic c pi: nt sho.ll be equipped xitb in apparatus for making contincus record of the temperature of heated asphaltic S8«d9 cement no. mineral ’ggregxtc this is used. This -apparatus shall Fouipmenfkuv be approved by the ngincur, and drily record shall be submitted to nished by 0- him it his request. he pi nt sho.ll be oquipisi a ith a laboratory tre.ctor. hiving eight-inch (8") brass screens for each of the sizes of ag¬ gregate specified, a send scale, be w f rk testing laboratory penetromet¬ er, i.ll necessary Thermometers, a heating outfit for drying sand, sample bars, tin xcs, md pat test paper• Those facilities shall be .vail., le /.or use ./ The inspectors employed by the engineer. This .ork shall be paid for at the contract unit price per square S8«*50 yard for class C asphaltic concrete complete in pli.ee, .hich price .ill fc.si:’ include .11 ri Is, equipment, tools, labor, nd ork incidental tc eh c notrue.ion of both binder nd veering course as specified. I 1 . MINNE30TA STANDARD 3PECIFICATIONS SECTION NINE BITUMINOUS FILLED BRICK PAVEME NT This pavement shall consist of a vitrified trick wearing surface three (3) inches in depth and a cement sand bed three-sixteenths S9-1 (3/16) of an inch in depth, with a bitupinaus filler, constructed on Description a prepared base course, in accordance with these specifications. The provisions of "General Clauses all Pavements", Section 4, shall apply in detail to the construction of bituminous filled brick pavements under these specifications. S9-2 General Clauses all Pavements MATERIALS The sand for the cement-sand bed shall meet the requirements of S9-3 Paragraph S5-3^ and 4, "Specifications for One Course Concrete Sand for Pavement." Cement-Sand Bed Vitrified brick shall meet the following requirements. (a) Quality. These brick shall be repressed or- wire cut blocks, thoroughly annealed tough, durable, regular in size and shape and evenly burned. When broken they shall show a dense stone- S9-4 like body, free from lttaps of uncrushed or improperly mixed Brick materials, from lime, and from air pockets and shall show but slight laminations, cracks or other defects, which would tend to depreciate their value as paving material. Kiln marks shall not exceed three- sixteenths (3/l6) of an inch in depth and the wearing surface shall show but slight kiln marks. (b) Size: All standard sized blocks shall meet the following re¬ quirements as to dimensions: Length .....inches Width ...4 " Depth ..... .....3 Variations aijiong brick from a single plant shall not exceed the following limits. Variations in length ...... inch Variations in width or depth... „..l/8 M * If the edges of the- brick are rounded the radius shall not exceed three-sixteenths (3/lS) of an inch. (c) Resistance to abrasion: All blocks shall show a satisfactory resistance to abrasion as determined by the standard "Rattler" test, the test to be conducted as described in the "1916 specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials". Representative samples of the brick shall meet the following requirements when subjected to the "Rattler" test; Average * . loss by abrasion of repressed blocks not more than 24$. Loss by abrasion of each individual repressed block not more than 26$. Average loss by abrasion of wire cut blocks (each individual wire cut block) not more than 27$. 2 . The maximum difference in per cent by abrasion when more than one representative sample is tested shall be not more than 8$. The brick shall be subjected to inspection subsequent to delivery at the place of usq prior to and during laying, in order to call out blocks or to reject the brie:: which vary from the provisions of the preceding sections. The following unsatisfactory blocks l^hall also be culled out or rejected. " )(a) All bricks which are broken through, or chipped in such a .aanner that neither wearing surface remains substantially intact, or in such a manner that the lower or bearing surface isreduced in area by more than rone-eighth. (b) All bricks which are cracked to a depth greater than one- eighth {1/8) of an inch on any surface or which are cracked on the wearing surface. (c) All*>ricks which are so misshaped, bent, twisted, or kiln marked that they will not form a proper surface or align properly with other bricks. (d) All bricks which are obviously too soft and too poorly vit¬ rified to endure street wear or which will show abnormally high absorption. The method of sampling and testing the brick and the rattler used shall be that recommended by the American Society for Testing Materials, except that the loss on individual brick shall be con- S9-5 sidered. When so tested, the brick shall show an average loss by Tests of abrasion of not more than twenty-three (23) per cent and a loss Brick for individual bricks of not more than twenty-seven (27) per cent. " / The bituminous filler shall be a fluxed native bitumen.or a product obtained in refining* petroleum. It shall be homogenous free from water and shall not foam when heated to 200°O. (392 °f. ) It shall meet the following requirements: 1,.Specific Gravity 250 / 250 ^. ( 770/710 F.) not less than o.980. S9-6 2. Flash point, not less than £0Q°£ f (392°F.) Bituminous 3. Setting point, not less than 8Qoa. (1?2°F.) ■ Material 4. Pentration at 35°e, (7?°F.) 100 g,, 5 sec,, 30 to 50. Penttation at 0°C. (32oF.) 200 g., 1 min,, not less than 20. Pentration at 46 . 10 &. (115°F.) 50 g,, 5 sec., not less than 100. 5. Loss at 163°C, (3250F.) 5 hour® not more than 1,0$. Penetration Of residue at (77 °f.) 100g. 5 sec,, hot less than 20. 6. Tatal bitumen (soluble in carbon disulphide), not less than 99.5$ (a) Organic matter in oluble, not more than 0,2$. Tests of the physical and chemical properties of the oil asphalt shall be made in accordance with the fallowing methods. 1. Specific Gravity, U. S, Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 314, p.5 2. Flash point (open cup) U.&, Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314, p. 17 %) 3. Melting point, A.9.T.M, Tentative Standard EU.36-16T, Proceedings A.a.T.M. 1916, p. 549 4, Penetration A.S.T.M. Standard Test U-5-16 5, Volatilisation test U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314. p. 19, using 50 gram san^le. 6, Total bitumen, U. S, Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314, p. 25. jc t 1 1 CONSTRUCT IQi: The brick shall be hauled end neatly piled, without the edging line in sufficient quantities to complete the hrick surface. Clamps and conveyors may be used in connection with the work, but the brick shall not be dumped from industrial cars or vehicles nor shall they be throi/n to piles or industrial cars or vehicles. The brick shall not be piled in any place where they will be spattered or covered with mud or concrete, or otherwise injured. They shall preferably be piled at the edge of the concrete base so that in the operation of delivering brick to the dropper the men will not be required to step off the pavement surface S.9-7 Hauling Brick The sand for the cement-sand bed shall be thoroughly mixed dry with Portland cement in the proportions of one (l) part cement to four (4) parts of sand. The sane may be moist but must not be wet. The mixture shall be spread on'the concrete base to a thickness of approximately one and one-fourth (l-^") inches. After the cement-sand cushion has been carefully placed and shaped it shall be struck off to the desired cross section and a smooth, even surface by means of a templet supported on the concrete curb. The templet shall be adjusted ’!So as to give a thickness of one-half (-g-) inch to the cement-sand bed. The cdtfdrete base shall be thoroughly cleaned and moistened before the cement-sand bed is applied. The operation of shaping the cement-sand bed for the brick is of prime importance in securing the desired thickness and surface for the finished pavement. The Contractor will be required to equip him¬ self with the proper implements and to secure skilled workmen for this part of the work. In delivering the brick from the piles for placing in the pavement, no iTheeling in barrows will be allowed on the brick surface, but they shall be carried or delivered by conveyors. If the brick are carried on S9-9 the pavement, it shall be delivered in such a way that the- carriers will Deliver of not wall! on andoff the pavement. The men on the pavement shall be Brick to required to walk on one-inch boards placed on the brick already i-aid. Pavement. Prior to being carried on the pavement the brick shall be hacked, that is r.epiled in such a way that the best side is up. When delivered to the dropper the brick shall lie in such order that each brick in the regular operation of placing it upon the cement-sand bed will bring the kiln marks all in the same direction ’with the best side uppermost. Upon the cement-sand bed as prepared the brick shall be laid with the best side up, 'with courses straight and at right angles to the edging S.9-10 line. If the brick used are provided with lugs, the lugs shall be in one Laying direction. If lugless bricks are used, extreme care must be exercised in the laying the brick to secure spacing equivalent to the spacing that would Brick be secured if lug brick were used. If deemed advisable, the Engineer may require the use of a suitable spacing device between courses to insure uniform and adequate spacing. Nothing but whole brick shall be used except in starting and finish- S9-11 ing the course, or in such case asmay be directed by the Engiheer. The Rolling cutting and trimming of the brick shall be done by experienced men. the Brick. S.9-& Clement« sand Beu ( t Broken and chipped brick suitable for butting may be used to the extent of obtaining the necessary half brick fnr breaking courses and making closures. Nothing less than three (3) inch bats shall be used. The fractures ends shall be turned toward the center of the pavement. All brick when laid shall be free from frost and clean, and shall be kept clean and entirely free from dirt or other foreign matter until the pavement is completed. All the work of brick laying shall be done over the brick already laid. Walking upon the cement-sand bed will not be permitted. Immediately after the brick have been laid, all soft, broken or badly spawled brick shall be removed. All misshapen, brick shall beturned over or removed. In order that the culling operation may be reduced to a minimum, both the carriers and the setters shall use due care to see that only acceptable brick are put into the pavement. The Contractor shall promptly cull the brick andmake the necessary changes and replacements. After the brick have been inspected and culled, all broken pieces and detritus shall be swept from the surface. The brick shall then be rolled with a tandem roller weighing four (4i) to six (6) tons, the rolling being first in alongitudinal direction, the roller being moved slowly and worked gradually from the curb to the middle of the pavement. It shall then be taken to the opposite side s.nd the other half of the surface rolled in the same manner. The surface shall then be rolled a second time, the roller being worked diagonally across the roadway at asnear an angle of 45 degrees as ispossible on the width of roadway, the roller being manipulated in such a manner as to cover the entire surface during the diagonal rolling. When this has been completed, the brick shall be again inspected and any broken or damaged brick removed andreplaced after which the brick shall be rolled a third time, the roller moving diagonally across the surface in the opposite direction from the first diagonal rolling. The rolling shall be completed before the cement-sand bed begins to set. After rolling, any high place-W that may exist in the surface shall S9-12 be corrected. For this purpose, a suitable hand tampinh device may be used. Hand Tamping After the brick have been given the final rolling the pavement surface shall be tested by means of a ten-foot straight-edge laid parallel to th<& center line of the pavement. In testing the surface S9-13 of the pavement, successive positions of the straight edge shall be (Character Japped one-half of the length of the straight edge. A ny depressions one- of quarter (ip) inch or more in depth shall be corrected by removing and Surface, relaying the brick. The surfaces of adjacent brick shall not differ in elevation more than one-eighth (1/8) of an inch. n . i 5. If at any time is it considered necessary, the Engineer may suspend the laying of the cement-sand bed until the laying, S9-14 rolling, and culling of the brick and the correction the Completion pavement surface has been brought Up satisfactorily, At the of Hoadway end of a working period or upon stopping work, the brick laying, inspection, rolling, correction ofsurface, and sprinkling shall be Completed asfar as the cement-sand bed has been laid. In warm weather, after the brick have been culled androiled as herein specified, the surface ofthepavement shall be sprinkled, S.9-15 sufficient water being used to thoroughly moisten the cement-sand -.pi T.p.i'J.i-ng bed, Care should be taken to use no more water thab is’necessary. -Ac'‘brack In cool or wet weather, the..sprinkling of the brick may be omitted, 'll r at the discretion of the Engineer, and other suitable means employed for moistening jfcshe cement-sand bed. After the brick and cement-sand bed have become dry, the joints shall be filled with bituminous filler of the quality herein specified. The bituminous filler shall be poured on the surface of the pavement and shall be immediately worked into the joints, by means of squegees. Repeated application of the filler shall be made until the joints are completely filled. Practically no excess bituminous filler shall be left on the pavement surface after the joints have been filled. The bituminous filler shall be applied while at a temperature of at least 300 degrees F. The kettle shall be equipped with an approved thermometer to register its temperature. The filler shall not be applied when the atmospheric temperature isbelow forty (40) degrees F. Immediately after the bituminous filler has been applied, and while it is still hot a top dressing of sand approximately one-eighth (l/8) of an inch thich shall be spread over the surface of thepavement. &S-16 Applying Bituminous Filler As soon as the bituminous filler hs.-s been applied and the cement in the cement-sand cushion shall have had time to become thoroughly set, the road may be opened to traffic* No traffic shall be allowed on the road sooner than one week after the sand-cement cushion has been sprinkled. S9-17 Opening the Road to Traffic The 'price per square yard for bituminous filler brick pavement shall include the furnishing of all materials, tools, equipment, labor, work andsupplies, and constructing the paved surface com¬ plete in accordance with the plans and specifications. &9-18 Basis of Payment, ' i . , « t I t X x Minnesota Standard Specifications - Section Ten. WOOD GUARD RAIL. Guard rail shall consist of wood railings and woven wire fencing, sup¬ ported by wood posts erected where indicated or directed, in accordance with these specifications. All wood posts used for this railing shall be made of seasoned, straight, sound cedar or other approved wood, at no place less than six (6) inches in diameter or six (6) inches square, but round and square posts shall not be used on one contract. They shall be not less than seven (7) feet in length and the bottom shall be sawed off square, the bark removed and all knots hewn flush with the face and the surface shaved smooth. S10-1 Description S10-2 Wood Posts The lower portion of all posts shall be treated with creosote oil before being set. The creosote oil shall be applied by the “Open Tank Process.’’ The posts shall be heated for one or more hours in the creosote oil at a tem¬ perature of from 180 degrees Fahrenheit to 220 degrees Fahrenheit. The posts shall then be quickly transferred to a tank of creosote oil at a tem¬ perature of about 100 degrees Fahrenheit, and left there for one hour or more. The treatment of the posts shall extend upward from the bottom for a distance of four and one-half (434) feet- The penetration of the pre¬ servative at three and one-half (3)4) feet from the butt shall not be less than one-half (34) inch. The posts shall not be treated until thoroughly dry. S10-3 Treatment of Posts The Creosote oil shall be a distillate of coal-gas tar or coke oven tar. It shall comply with the following requirements: 1. It shall not contain more than 3% of water. 2. It shall not contain more than 0.5% of matter insoluble in benzol. 3. The specific gravity of the oil at 38°/15.5°C. shall not be less than 1.03. 4. The distillate, based on water-free oil, shall be within the following limits: Up to 210°C. not more than 5%. Up to 235°C. not more than 25%. 5. The specific gravity of the fraction between 235°C. and 315°C. shall be not less than 1.03 at 38°/15-5°C. 6. The specific gravity of the fraction between 315° and 355°C. shall be not less than 1.10 at 38°/15.5°C. 7. The residue above 355°C. (if it exceeds 5%) shall have a float test of not more than 50 seconds at 70°C. 8 The oil shall yield not more than 2% coke residue. 9. The foregoing tests shall be made in accordance with the standard methods of the A. S. T. M. Serial designation D-38-18. S10-4 Creosote Oil The wood rails shall be made of well seasoned, straight, sound white pine, Douglas fir, or other approved wood, free from loose or unsound knots, or other defects, and shall be surfaced on all sides. The top rails shall be six (6) inches wide by two (2) inches thick and the side rails shall be four (4) inches by two (2) inches, and both rails shall be in lengths of sixteen (1G) feet or in multiple of eight (8) feet. All woven wire fencing used shall be common galvanized field or stock fencing thirty-two (32) inches wide, having eight (8) horizontal wires, the top being No. 9, the bottom No. 10, and the intermediate and stay wires No. 11 gauge. Stay wires shall be not more than twelve (12) inches apart. Each horizontal wire shall be securely stapled to each post and the top wire shall be stapled twice to the top rail between posts (and wrapped around each end post, the end of each wire being twisted onto the corresponding wire of the fencing.) If cedar posts are used the staples shall be one and one-half (134) inches long. Shorter staples may be allowed with harder wood. S10-5 Wood Rails S10-6 Woven Wire S10-7 Paint Pigment Vehicle S10-8 Construction Methods S10-9 Basis of Payment S10-10 Description S10-11 Materials S10-12 Composition S10-13 Construct’on of Rail and Posts The material for painting the fence after erection shall be composed of from sixty-five (65) to seventy (70) per cent, by weight, of pigment in paste form, and from thirty-five (35) to thirty (30) per cent of vehicle, or sixty (60) to sixty-five (65) per cent by weight, of dry pigment. (a) The pigment shall be composed of not less than sixty-five (65) per cent of pure white lead and not less than twenty (20) per cent of pure zinc white, all finely ground. Not more than fifteen (15) per cent of inerts shall be permitted. (b) The vehicle shall be composed of not less than ninety (90) per cent of pure raw linseed oil and sufficient first quality Japan or other approved drier to cause the applied paint to dry in approximately three (3) days, but in no case shall the dryer exceed ten (10) per cent. The guard rail or fencing shall be constructed in accordance with the standard plan. The posts shall be set plumb in straight lines, spaced eight (8) feet apart on centers, three and one-half ( 3 ) 4 ) feet in the ground and three and one-half (3J^) feet above the ground and to lines and grades given. The top and side rails shall break joints and be fastened securely to each post as shown on the plans. All joints of the fence shall be painted before being fastened together and after erection the entire fence shall be painted with two coats of the specified materials, which shall be brushed in thoroughly. Woven wire shall be stretched tight and fastened securely. Each end post shall be set two (2) feet outside of the guard rail line and its top shall be one (1) foot below the tops of the other posts. The bottom of the woven wire of the end panel shall be parallel with the road grade, the top wires to be cut where necessary. This work will be paid for at the contract unit price per lineal foot for wood guard rail complete in place, which price will include all material, equipment, tools, labor and work incidental thereto; also all excavation, refilling and disposal of surplus material. CONCRETE GUARD RAIL Concrete guard rail shall consist of a concrete rail supported by con¬ crete posts constructed in accordance with the plans and specifications, and erected as indicated or directed. All materials and the consistency of the concrete shall conform to the requirements embodied in Paragraphs 1 and 2 of Section 4, and Paragraphs 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, of Section 5 of the Standard Specifications of the State Highway Department for one course concrete, except for the following changes: The coarse aggregate shall consist of well graded crushed stone or gravel which when tested by means of laboratory screens shall meet the following requirements: Passing 1" screen..100% Passing screen, not more than. 5% The concrete shall be composed of one (1) part Portland cement, and one and one-half (1)^) parts of fine aggregate, and two (2) parts of coarse aggregate. The concrete shall be thoroughly mixed until the cement is uniformly distributed and the concrete is homogeneous and uniform in color. The concrete shall be tamped into suitable molds, the sides of which have been cleaned and oiled. The longitudinal rods shall be wired to the stirrups in order to prevent displacement when the concrete is poured. 2 The rails and posts shall be covered with wet sand or with canvas as soon as the concrete is sufficiently hardened, and this covering shall be kept moist by sprinkling for a period of seven (7) days. The rails and posts shall be cured for twenty-one (21) days before erection. The reinforced concrete guard rail shall be constructed in accordance with the Standard Plan. The posts shall be set plumb in straight lines, spaced accurately, 8' 0" apart on centers, and to lines and grades given. The unpanelled side of posts shall face the ditch. This work will be paid for at the contract unit price per lineal foot for concrete guard rail complete in place, which price will include all materials, equipment, tools, labor and work incidental thereto, also all excavation, re¬ filling and disposal of surplus material. GUTTERS (Plain and Grouted Rubble) This gutter shall consist of stones, six (6) to eight (8) inches in depth on a broken stone or gravel foundation, approximately four (4) inches in depth, constructed on a prepared subgrade, in accordance with the dimen¬ sions indicated on the plans and in conformity with these specifications. The material for the foundation shall consist of approved, clean, sound, durable crushed rock or slag, or gravel of such size that, when dry, it shall pass through a revolving screen having circular openings three-quarters (24) of an inch in diameter, well graded from coarse to fine, containing not more than ten (10) per cent of clay, loam or other foreign substances. The gutter stones shall Consist of approved, sound, durable rubble stone, shall be not less than six (6) nor more than eight (8) inches in depth and shall have an approximately flat top surface of a width of not less than two (2) inches and a length not less than the depth. All gutter stones shall be inspected thoroughly before and after laying and all rejected material shall be removed immediately from the work. The material for filling the spaces between gutter stones shall consist of approved, clean gravel, coarse sand or stone screenings of such size that, when dry, will pass through a laboratory screen having circular openings not more than one-half (34) nor less than one-quarter (34) of an inch in di¬ ameter, well graded from the maximum size down. An exceedingly fine material will not be accepted. The grout for filling the spaces between the stones shall be composed of one (1) part cement and two (2) parts sand, meeting the following require¬ ments: This sand shall consist of clean, hard, durable grains. When dry, it shall pass a laboratory screen having circular openings one-quarter (34) of an inch in diameter and shall be graded from coarse to fine. It shall con¬ tain not more than five (5) per cent by weight, of loam or other foreign substances. “ Run-of-Bank” sand shall not be used except upon approval of the Engineer. The material for filling the lower spaces between the blocks, when grout filler is used, Shall consist of approved, clean, durable gravel of such size that all will pass a one-half (34) inch screen and will be retained on a one- eighth (34) inch screen. The subgrade shall be formed at the required depth below and parallel with the finished surface of the gutter. All soft yielding or other unsuitable material shall be removed and the subgrade shall be compacted thoroughly and finished to a smooth, firm surface. S10-14 Curing S10-16 Construction of Guard Rail S10-16 Basis of Payment S10-17 Description S10-18 Foundation Material S10-19 Gutter Stone S10-20 Gravel Filler S10-21 Grout Filler S10-22 Laying Gutter 3 The approved foundation material shall be spread on the prepared sub¬ grade to form a bed approximately four (4) inches of depth. The gutter stone shall be bedded in the foundation perpendicular to the finished surface, with the flat surface up, in straight rows, with the longest dimensions at right angles to the center line of the gutter and in close con¬ tact. They shall break joints satisfactorily and no interstices exceeding one (1) inch in width shall exist. S10-23 Filling Gutter The stones shall be rammed thoroughly until the surface is firm and conforms to the finished grade and cross sections. When the gravel filler is to be used, while being rammed, the approved gravel, sand or screenings shall be swept into the spaces between the stones until they are filled. Any gutter having an irregular or uneven surface shall be taken up and reset satisfactorily. When grout filler is to be used, while being rammed, the spaces shall be filled with the approved gravel, sand or screenings to within four (4) inches of the top and any irregularities in the gutter shall be corrected, after which the cement grout shall be poured and broomed into the spaces between and over the stones, this operation being continued until the grout remains flush with the tops of the stones. S10-24 Basis of Payment This work will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard for “Plain Rubble Gutter” or “Grouted Rubble Gutter” as the case may be, complete in place, which price will include all materials, equipment, tools, labor and work incidental thereto. S10-26 Description CONCRETE GUTTER This gutter shall consist of concrete composed of one (1) part of Portland cement, two (2) parts of fine aggregate, and four (4) parts of coarse aggre¬ gate, constructed on the prepared subgrade, in one (1) course, of the di¬ mensions shown on the plans, in accordance with these specifications. S10-26 Materials The Portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water for the concrete shall meet the requirements for these materials outlined in the specifications for “One Course Concrete Pavement.” S10-27 Construction Methods The subgrade shall be formed at the required depth below the finished surface of the gutter, in accordance with the dimensions and designs shown on the plans for the bottom of the gutter. All soft and yielding or other unsuitable material shall be removed and the subgrade shall be compacted thoroughly and finished to a firm, smooth surface. Concrete shall be mixed in the above proportions and in the same manner as specified in the specifications for “One Course Concrete Pavement.” After the subgrade has been moistened the concrete shall be placed in forms meeting the requirements of the specification for “One Course Concrete Pavement,” and shall be tamped sufficiently to bring the mortar to the surface, after which it shall be finished smooth and even by means of a wooden float. S10-28 Protection When completed, the concrete shall be kept moist for a period of not less than five (5) days or longer if directed, and shall be protected from the elements in a satisfactory manner. S10-29 Basis of Payment This work will be paid for at the contract price per lineal foot for “Con¬ crete Gutter,” which price shall include all necessary excavation, back fill¬ ing, materials, and labor of mixing and placing concrete, and all work inci¬ dental thereto. 4 CONCRETE CURBING Curbing shall consist of concrete composed of one (1) part of Portland cement, two (2) parts of fine aggregate and three and one-half (3^) parts of coarse aggregate, constructed in accordance with the plans and in con¬ formity with these specifications. The Portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water for the concrete shall meet the requirements as specified in the specifications for “One Course Concrete Pavement.” Forms for placing the concrete shall be built and set in place in accord¬ ance with the requirements specified in a specification for “Concrete Base for Pavements.” Excavation shall be made to the required depth and the subgrade or base, upon which the curb is to be set, shall be compacted to a firm, even surface. S10-30 Description S10-31 Materials S10-32 Forms S10-33 Excavation for Curbing The concrete shall be mixed in the above proportions and in the same manner as specified in the specifications for “Concrete Base for Pavements.” and shall be placed in the forms to the depth specified, and tamped and spaded until mortar entirely covers its surface. Where indicated or directed, drain¬ age openings shall be made through the curbing at the elevation and of the size required. The top of the curbing or the exposed surface of the curbing shall have a smooth finish and the outer edge shall be rounded to a radius of one (1) inch while the concrete is still soft. After the concrete has set sufficiently the spaces on both sides of the curbing shall be refilled to the required elevation with suitable material, which shall be compacted until firm and hard. This work will be paid for at the contract unit price per lineal foot for “Concrete Curbing,” complete in place, which price will include all excava¬ tion, refilling, materials, and labor of mixing and placing concrete, and all work incidental thereto. S10-34 Placing Concrete S10-35 Refilling S10-36 Basis of Payment 5 . •V ,;V:X' W O f . gcidui r J w 1 V «t)D •!> 7*4 4 t ■ ,. • jf r ■■ -r:-)>r‘V:u., ' . ~ 3S -{m • ' ■ f{ n . V • /- , ' -: •» •/■; •; • t'i ■ ‘ ■ . • i . '* 11 • ** -tl ' ’ ; > >. ■ i . t 7 tW i; •/•(}’ ti ■» ffei • ,j.f • .1, ; Vtt { It, ■ ; i :r ’ ' . • . . ... . ' • r ' ! I' -r.f.V . ■ • : [ t . . 1 'rjy Minnesota Standard Specifications Section Eleven. BRIDGES AND MONOLITHIC CULVERTS REINFORCED CONCRETE Culverts. For openings of less than ten foot span use standard re¬ inforced concrete culverts. Slab Spans. For spans of 12 feet to 23 feet inclusive, standard slab spans or special design culverts. Girder Spans. For spans of 23 feet to 60 feet inclusive, use standard reinforced concrete deck or through girders. Arches. For spans longer than 60 feet use special design girders or concrete arches. STEEL SUPERSTRUCTURES Beam Spans. For clear spans of 12 feet to 35 feet inclusive, rolled beams with concrete floor slab. Low Truss Spans. For spans 40 feet to 80 feet inclusive use low riveted trusses of Warren type with concrete floor slab. High Truss Spans. For spans of 90 feet and over, use high riveted trusses of the Pratt type with concrete floor. Plate Girder Spans. Plate girders may be used for spans of 40 to 90 feet, but their use is not recommended. Roadway. The width of roadway should be not less than 18 feet. LOADING Dead Load. The dead load is the total weight of the structure includ¬ ing the weight of the gravel or macadam wearing surface. Weight of Materials: Steel.490 bis. per cu. ft. Concrete, plain.140 lbs. per cu. ft. Concrete, reinforced.150 lbs. per cu. ft. Gravel cover.120 lbs. per cu. ft. Creosoted pine or fir.... 55 lbs. per cu. ft. Macadam surface.130 lbs. per cu. ft. Earth.100 lbs. per cu. ft. LIVE LOAD FOR CONCRETE SPANS Uniform Live Load. 125 pounds per square foot of roadway. Concentrated Load. Twenty ton tractor as shown. 30 , 000 * Sll-l Types of Structures Sll-2 Loading LOADING DIAGRAM LIVE LOAD FOR STEEL BRIDGES Concentrated Load. 20-ton tractor. UNIFORM LIVE LOAD • Beam Spans-Plate Girders. And low truss spans. 100 pounds per square foot of roadway. High Truss Spans. 90 to 100 feet inclusive. 100 pounds per square foot of roadway. Spans 110 feet to 120 feet inclusive, 90 lbs. per square foot of roadway. Spans 125 feet to 140 feet inclusive, 85 lbs. per square foot of roadway. Spans 150 feet and longer, 80 lbs. per square foot of roadway. Sidewalks. 80 pounds per square foot. Wind Load. Wind load on high trusses shall be considered 300 lbs. for each foot of bridge on the loaded chord and 150 pounds for the unloaded chord. Wind load shall be treated as dead load. CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGES Arch Ring. 125 lbs. per square foot over one-half the span. Floor Slab. 125 lbs. per square foot or the 20-ton tractor previously described. Temperature. The temperature shall be figured for a maximum varia¬ tion of 15 degrees above normal and 40 degrees below normal. LOADING USED Loading Used. The loading used on any span shall be the one which produces the greater stress, and shall be placed so as to cause the maximum stress in that part of the structure under consideration. STRESSES IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES Sll-3 Modulus: Stresses Modulus of Concrete—2,000,000. Modulus of Steel—30,000,000. Coefficient of expansion of concrete—.00000G. Maximum Stresses: Concrete in tension, 0.0 lbs. per square inch. Concrete in compression, 600 lbs. per square inch. Concrete in shear, 40 lbs. per square inch. Maximum shear including that taken care of by reinforcing, 120 lbs. per square inch. Compression on Bearing Plates, 400 lbs. per square inch. Bond. Bond between reinforcing steel and concrete shall not exceed 80 lbs. per square inch of surface area of steel. Tension in Steel. The allowable stress for reinforcing steel shall be 16,000 lbs. per square inch. Arch Rings. The maximum permissible stresses, (including tempera¬ ture) in arch rings shall be: Concrete in compression, 750 lbs. per square inch. Concrete in shear, 50 lbs. per square inch. Steel in tension, 20,000 lbs. per square inch. STRESSES IN STEEL SPANS Tension. 16,000 lbs. per square inch of net section. 701 Compression. 16,000-— but not to exceed 14,000 lbs. per square inch. 1 = unsupported length of member in inches. r = corresponding radius of gyration in inches. 2 Radius of Gyration ~ shall not exceed 120 for main members and 140 for lateral and other secondary members. Bending. Extreme fibre of rolled or built sections, tension and com¬ pression 16,000 lbs. per inch. Pins. Extreme fibre of pins 24,000 lbs. per square inch. Shear. Webs of rolled and built sections, gross section 10,000 lbs. per square inch. Shop rivets and pins 10,000 lbs. per square inch. Bolts and field rivets 7,500 lbs. per square inch. Bearing. Pins and shop rivets 20,000 lbs. per square inch. Bolts and field rivets 15,000 lbs. per square inch. Rollers. Expansion rollers (steel rollers on steel plates) 600 times di¬ ameter of roller in inches, lbs. per linear inch. Expansion Rockers. Cast iron 300 times diameter of rocker in inches, pounds per linear inch. Windstress. When considered. The strains in the truss members from the assumed lateral forces need not be considered unless the strain from the lateral forces exceed 30 per cent of the maximum strains due to the dead and live loads upon the same member. The section shall then be increased until the total strain per square inch will not exceed by more than 30 per cent the maximum fixed for dead and live loads only, or when the lateral forces alone or in combination with other forces can neutralize or reverse the strains in any member. REINFORCED CONCRETE Type of Reinforcing Steel. Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, all steel for reinforcement in concrete shall consist of plain bars or deformed bars of a type to be approved by the Engineer. Other bars may be used in place of the bars shown on the plans providing an equivalent area of steel is used and on condition that any such substitution be plainly shown on a set of plans and the same be submitted to the Engineer for approval before the steel is ordered. Placing. The steel bars shall be distributed in the concrete in the exact positions and have the net sectional area provided in the drawings. In gen¬ eral, they shall be securely wired or otherwise fastened in place before con¬ crete is deposited. 4 Material. Unless otherwise provided, all steel for reinforced concrete shall be of “Structural Steel Grade” or “Intermediate Grade,” and shall comply with the requirements of the “Standard Specifications for Billet- Steel Concrete Reinforcement Bars” of the American Society for Testing Materials as given in A. S. T. M. Standards 1918, Serial Designation A15-14, except that any material received on the work and which does not show the required physical properties may be rejected by the Engineer. No recoiled material or high carbon steel shall be used on the work. ' Lengths. All bars must be obtained in the full lengths indicated on the plans. ,/ Cleaning. Before steel is placed in the concrete, it shall be free from grease, dirt, or rust, and the contractor shall provide means on the work for properly cleaning the steel. Bedding. Special care should be exercised to insure thorough contact of concrete with every portion of the surface of the steel reinforcement. Expansion Plates. Unless otherwise shown on the plans reinforced concrete through deck girders thirty-five (35) feet or more in length shall have one end free to move on a sheet of lead one-eighth (j/g) inch in thick¬ ness placed between planed steel plates. Concrete bridges of less than thirty- five (35) feet in length will either have both ends fixed to the sub-structure or will have one end free to move upon an expansion joint prepared of bitu¬ minous material. Sll-4 Reinforced Concrete Material Sll-6 Expansion 3 Sll-6 Structural Steel Material Sll-7 Design Expansion Joint Material. Bituminous felt and other expansion joint material when used to separate the super-structure from the sub-structure of concrete bridges and when used to separate adjacent super-structures shall be provided in sheets having a manufactured thickness of not less than one-fourth {}/£) inch. STEEL SUPER-STRUCTURE Description. Structural steel and iron shall comprise “Structural Steel” and “Rivet Steel,” “Steel Castings,” “Steel Forgings” and “Iron Castings.” MATERIALS Structural Steel and Rivet Steel. Steel for rivets and all steel for bridges such as beams, plates, bars, etc., except castings and forgings shall comply with the requirements of the “Standard Specifications for Structural Steel for Bridges” of the American Society for Testing Materials as given in A. S. T. M. Standards, 1918, Serial Designation A7-16. It shall be understood, however, that samples may be tested either at the manufacturing plant or at any such other place as may be designated by the Engineer, and all steel failing to comply with the requirements of the Specifications may be rejected at any time. Steel Castings. Steel for castings shall conform to the requirements for Medium Grade, Class B castings of the “Standard Specifications for Steel Castings” of the American Society for Testing Materials as given in A. S. T. M. Standards, 1918, Serial Designation A27-16. The castings may be tested in accordance with the method described under Section 11 of the specifications referred to in this article, but it shall be understood that the tests may be made in any laboratory designated by the Engineer and that steel castings failing to comply with the requirements of the specifications may be rejected at any time. Steel Forgings. Steel for forgings shall conform to the requirements for Class C forgings of the “Standard Specifications for Carbon-Steel and Alloy-Steel Forgings” of the American Society for Testing Materials as given in A. S. T. M. Standards, 1918, Serial Designation A-18-18. It shall be understood that the tests may be made in any laboratory designated by the Engineer, and that forgings failing to comply with the requirements of the specifications may be rejected at any time. Iron Castings. Iron castings shall conform to the requirements for “Light Castings” of the “Standard Specifications for Gray Iron Castings” of the American Society for Testing Materials as given in A. S. T. M. Stand¬ ards, 1918, Serial Designation A48-18. The tests may be made in any lab¬ oratory designated by the Engineer. GENERAL DESIGN Beam Spans. Beam Spans and panels of truss bridges with concrete and wood floors shall consist of six lines of I beams and two lines of channels of the following sizes for roadways eighteen (18) feet in width: Limit of Clear Span 12 feet. 15 feet. 18 feet. 23 feet. 30 feet. 6 I-Beams 8 inches at 18 pounds. 9 inches at 21 pounds. 10 inches at 25 pounds. 12 inches at 31)4 pounds. 2 Channels 10 inches at 15 pounds. 10 inches at 15 pounds. 10 inches at 15 pounds. 12 inches at 20)4 pounds. 15 inches at 33 pounds. 15 inches at 42 pounds. Add one I beam for each additional two (2) feet of roadway. Open Section. Structures shall be designed so that all parts shall be accessible after erection for inspection, cleaning and painting. All parts are to be so designed that strains coming upon them can be accurately cal- 4 culated. Any pockets or depressions likely to hold water shall be provided with drains or be filled with waterproof material. Floor Beams. Floor beams must be rigidly attached to the trusses. Floor beams hung from pins by means of loose hangers will not be allowed. Roadway. The clear roadway, at a height of one foot and over, above the roadway shall in no case be less than eighteen (18) feet. Headroom. The clear headroom shall in no case be less than fourteen (14) feet. Hand Rail. A strong and suitable hand rail shall be rigidly attached to the superstructure at each side of the bridge. No angle iron less than 234 x 234 x 34 inches shall be used for railing and the top rail shall not be less than three feet four inches above the roadway. If outside walks are used a latticed hand rail shall be provided for the outside of the walk. Compression Members. Shall have as much metal as possible con¬ centrated in the webs and flanges. In built sections the thickness of each web shall not be less than 1-30 of the distance between its connections to flanges. Cover plates shall have a thickness not less than 1-40 of distance between rivet lines. Thickness of Metal. No metal less than one-fourth (34) inch in thick¬ ness shall be used on any bridge except for filler or webs of channels and I beams. Minimum Sizes. No rod less than three-fourths (34) inch round except for reinforcing in concrete, nor angle less than 234 x 2 x )4 inches, nor I beam or channel less than 6 inches deep shall be used on any bridge. No cover plate in trusses shall be less than 10x)4 inches. Bracing. All deck bridges shall have transverse braces at each panel point. This bracing shall be proportioned to resist the unequal loading of the trusses. When the height of the truss exceeds twenty (20) feet, an approved system of overhead diagonal bracings shall be attached to each post and to the top lateral struts. Portals. All through bridges shall have a portal at each end of the span connected to the end posts. They shall be as deep as the specified head room will allow. Net Sections. Minimum net sections of members must be used in cal¬ culating tension members, taking rivet holes as one-eighth (34) inch larger than the diameter of rivet used. The rupture of a riveted tension is member to be considered as equally probable, either through a transverse line of rivet holes or through a zigzag line of rivet holes where the net section does not exceed by thirty (30) per cent the net section along the transverse line. The number of rivet holes to be deducted for net section will be determined by this condition. The effective diameter of a driven rivet will be assumed the same as its diameter before driving. Angle Connection. When but one leg of a single angle is riveted to its connection the section of that leg only will be considered as effective in ten¬ sion. Alternate Stresses. All members subject to alternate compression and tension must be designed to safely care for either stress. The connections of such members must be designed for a stress exceeding the larger of the above stresses by twenty-five (25) per cent. Combined Stresses. All members subject to compression or tension combined with bending moments must be so proportioned that the alge¬ braic sum of the stresses on the outer fiber resulting from direct compression or tension and seventy-five (75) per cent of the bending moment shall not exceed the above limiting stresses. If the fibre stress resulting from the weight only of any member exceeds ten (10) per cent of the allowed unit stress on such member, such excess must be considered in proportioning the areas. Size of Rivets. Rivets in main members shall generally be three-fourths s (34) inch and seven-eighths (J4) inch. No rivets less than five-eighths (%) inch in diameter shall be used in any part of the structure. The Pitch of Rivets in the direction of the strain shall never exceed six (6) inches nor sixteen (16) times the thickness of the thinnest outside plate connected. For angles with two (2) gauge lines and rivets staggered, the maximum shall be twice the above in each line. In tension members made of two shapes in contact, a pitch of twenty-four -(24) inches will be allowed to hold the shapes together. The minimum distance between centers of rivet holes shall be three (3) diameters of the rivet. At the end of com¬ pression members the pitch shall not exceed four (4) diameters of the rivet for a length equal to twice the width of the member, and at the center the maximum pitch shall be six (6) inches for three-eighths (%) inch plates, five (5) inches for five-sixteenths (5-16) inch plates and four (4) inches for one- fourth ()4) inch plates. Edge Distance. The distance from the edge of any piece to the center of the rivet hole must not be less than one and one-half (1)4) times the diameter of the rivet and when practicable, it shall be at least two (2) diam¬ eters of the rivet, nor shall it exceed six (6) inches or eight (8) times the thick¬ ness of the plate. Direct Tension. Rivets and bolts shall not be used in direct tension. Long Rivets. When the grip exceeds four (4) times the diameter of a rivet, the number of rivets in such connections shall be increased at least one (1) per cent for each one-sixteenth (1-16) inch additional grip. Fillers. Rivets passing through fillers shall be increased fifty (50) per cent in number. Rivets in Bracing. Each connection of the bracing must have at least three rivets. Indirect Splices. Where splice plates are not in direct contact with the members they connect, the theoretical number of rivets on each side of joint shall be increased 30 per cent for each intervening plate. Splices in Compression Members. In continuous compression members, as chords and trestle posts, the abutting joints with planed faces must be placed as close to the panel points as is practicable and the joints must be spliced on all sides with at least two rows of closely pitched rivets on each side of the joint. Connections. All the connection and details of the several parts of the structure shall be of such strength that, upon testing, rupture will occur in the body of the member rather than in any of their details or connections. Camber. All truss bridges shall be given a camber by increasing the lengths of the top chord 3-16 inch for every 10 feet in length. Expansion and Contraction shall be provided for in trusses, floor system and hand rail for an amount equal to 34 inch for each ten feet of span. Shoes and Rollers. All truss spans of a length of 70 feet or more shall have pin connected shoes at the ends, one end of span to be fixed to founda¬ tion and the other end free on either cast rockers on a planed base plate, or on a nest of turned rollers moving between planed surfaces. If rollers are used they shall be not less than three inches in diameter for spans up to 100 feet in length and shall be increased at the ratio of 1 inch per 100 feet for additional length. Spans of 40 feet to 65 feet shall have one end free to move upon planed surfaces. Anchor Bolts. There shall be two anchor bolts in each shoe of spans of 40 feet or longer. Pin Shoes may be either cast or built up as shown on the plan. If built up, they shall be made of riveted plates and angles. All bearing surfaces of the base plates and vertical webs must be planed. The vertical webs must be secured to the base by angles having two rows of rivets in the vertical leg. No base plate or webs connecting angle shall be less in thickness than 34 inch. The vertical webs shall be of sufficient height and must contain material and sufficient rivets to practically distribute the loads over the bearings or rollers. The length of the sole plates shall be evenly balanced in front and in back of the center of pin. 6 Butt Joints of compression members shall be faced for bearing and shall be connected by splices on four sides to hold members in true position. All other joints in riveted work, whether in tension or compression, shall be fully spliced. Batten Plates shall be used on all parts of compression members con¬ nected by laticing only, and shall be placed as near the ends as practicable. They shall have a length not less than the greatest depth or width of the member and a thickness not less than 1-40 of the distance between the rivets connecting them to the member. Low truss bridges may have acceptable batten plates instead of latticing. Lattice Bars must not be less than 1% inches wide for members up to 7 inches in width, 2 inches for members up to 9 inches wide, 2 x /i inches for members up to 12 inches wide, 2 x /i inches for members up to 15 inches wide and 2^ inches for members 18 inches and over in width. Single lattice bars shall have a thickness not less than 1-40, and double lattice bars, connected by a rivet at the intersection, not less than 1-60 of the distance between the rivets connecting them to the members. They shall be inclined to an angle not less than 60 degrees for single latticing nor less than 45 degrees for double latticing connected at intersection with a rivet. Inclined Bearings. Bridges on inclined grade without pin shoes shall have sole plates beveled so that the masonry and expansion surface may be level. Diaphrams. At all points where floor beams, web members, portals or other bracing connect with the post or chords proper, diaphrams must be inserted to distribute the loads and forces over the full section of these posts or chords. All gravity line of members assembling at one apex must intersect. PLATE GIRDER BRIDGES Design. Plate girders shall be proportioned on the assumption that Y% of the gross area of the web is available as flange area. Thickness of Web. The shearing stress on the web plates shall not ex¬ ceed 10,000 pounds per square inch of gross area. No plate shall be less than 5-16 inch thick. Flanges. The compression flange shall have the same sectional area as the tension flange. The unsupported length of the compression flange shall not exceed 16 times its width. The effective depth of the girder shall be the distance between the centers of gravity of the two flanges. Bracing. All deck girders shall have transverse bracing at the ends and at intermediate points. Floor Beams shall be rigidly attached to the girders. Field Splices in web plates and flange angles must always be avoided when the length and weight of one girder does not make the hauling pro¬ hibitive. Where field splices are unavoidable they must be so located that no two pieces of either the flange or web shall be spliced within two (2) feet of each other and so that no field-splice shall occur at any point where there is not an excess of sectional area above the theoretical requirements. All splices must be capable of transmitting the full stress through the splice rivets. Web Stiffeners must be used at intervals not exceeding the depth of the girder nor a maximum of 5 feet whenever the shearing stress per square inch exceeds the stress allowed by the formula 12,500-90 H where “H” is the ratio of depth of web to its thickness. All stiffeners must be capable of carrying the maximum vertical shear without exceeding the unit stress 12,000-55y. Each stiffener must be connected by a sufficient number of rivets to transfer the maximum shear to or from the web. Stiffeners shall have a close driving fit between upper and lower flange angles. Flange Rivets. The flanges shall be connected to the web with rivets of a sufficient number to transfer the total shear at any point combined with 7 Sll-8 Detail Sll-9 Paint any load that is applied to the flange at that point, in a distance equal to the effective depth of the girder. Workmanship. All angles, fillers, and splice plates on the webs of girders and riveted members must fit at their ends to the flange angles, sufficiently close to be sealed, when painted, against admission of water. Web-Plates of all girders must be arranged so as not to project beyond the faces of the flange angles, nor on the top, be more than 1-16 inch below the face of these angles, at any point. Flange Plates. In girders with flange plates, at least one-half of the flange section shall be angles or else the largest sized angles must be used. Flange plates must extend beyond their theoretical length, two rows of rivets at each end. BEAM SPANS AND FLOOR DETAIL FOR TRUSS AND BEAM SPANS Tie Rods. Tie rods shall be % inch round and shall be spaced at each end and at center for beam spans, and at the center of each panel on truss spans. Curb Anchor Bolts. Anchor bolts % inch round and 5 inches in length shall be placed in the curb channel as follows: In beam spans one in upper hole at each rail post, and in truss spans one at the center of each panel. Rail. There shall be two lines of angle railing on each side of the bridge. Railing angles must be not less than 234 x 234 x 34 inch. Posts for beam spans must be of angles not smaller than 334 x 3x5-16 inch and must be placed with the 3 inch side against the curb channel. Posts must be spaced not to exceed 8 feet, 4 inches centers. Pipe Drains. Pipe drains 134 inches in diameter shall be placed through the floor slab next the curb at 6 foot intervals. PAINT Shop Paint. No painting shall be done on steel that is wet or at a freezing temperature. Kind of Paint. The paint shall be a mixture of red lead and pure linseed oil mixed in the proportion of twenty-five pounds of red lead to a gallon of linseed oil. Red Lead. The red lead shall consist of not less than 94% of true red lead. Linseed Oil. When furnished in paste or dry form the pigment shall be mixed with pure raw or boiled linseed oil. This oil as well as the vehicle obtained from the mixed paint will be subject to standard tests for the purity of the linseed oil. The raw linseed oil shall conform to the A. S. T. M. 1918 standard, Serial designation D-l-15 and the boiled linseed oil shall conform to the requirements given under Serial designation D-ll-15. Applying the Shop Coat. All metal work, including railings and stringers, shall be cleaned from all rust, scale, dirt or grease, and shall be thoroughly dry before the first coat of paint is applied. If rust, which, in the opinion of the inspector, cannot be removed, is found on any piece, that piece shall be rejected. All parts which come in contact shall be painted two coats before they are riveted together. Round brushes shall be used. Pieces and parts which are not accessible for painting after erection, including eye bar heads, ends of posts, chords, etc., shall have two coats of paint before leaving the shop. While metal work is being erected in place, all abrasions of the original paint and all rivet and bolt heads and location marks must be cleaned and painted, preparatory to the second coat. Field Paint. After the structure is complete, touched up as described above and cleaned from all rust, scale, dirt, grease, concrete and oil that may have accumulated during erection one coat of an approved graphite or carbon paint shall be applied and thoroughly brushed out. White Paint. In case the County Board should decide to have the truss and railing painted with white or other paint that cannot be seemed 8 without additional cost to the contractor, the County authorities shall, by agreement, agree to pay the contractor for the added cost of such paint. This agreement shall be made before the work of painting the bridge is done. DETAIL DRAWINGS Truss Spans. Unless otherwise specified on the plan all truss spans will be fabricated according to detailed drawings furnished by the Highway Department. Beam Spans. Details will not be furnished for beam spans except in specified cases. ERECTION OF STEEL BRIDGES False Work. The Contractor will furnish all material, build and erect all false work and assume all liability for any accidents or damage to prop¬ erty that may occur during the erection of the structure. Field Connections. In the case of truss spans, all joints shall be riveted except the connection of joists to floor beams and railing and rail post con¬ nections. Erection Bolts. The span must be fully erected except joists and rails, and all connections bolted before any rivets are driven. Special care must be taken to see that the trusses are in perfect alignment and that all milled ends of compression members are in full contact. The span must be swung free of the false work before such connections are riveted. The riveting of trusses lying flat on the ground is specifically prohibited. Field Rivets. All field rivets on high truss spans shall be driven with an air hammer. Whenever possible the same equipment should be used on the low truss spans. The contractor will be required to furnish whatever equipment the Engineer may judge necessary to insure the satisfactory completion of the work. Rivets shall have a neat and finished appearance with heads of approved shape, full and of equal size. They shall be central on the shank and shall grip the assembled pieces firmly. Recupping and calking will not be allowed. Loose, burned or otherwise defective rivets shall be cut out and replaced. In cutting out rivets, great care shall be taken not to injure the adjacent metal. If necessary they shall be drilled out. Reaming. If holes do not line up they shall be reamed out to a proper alignment. Drifting or distortion of the metal will not be allowed. Field Paint. See Section No. 11-9. ABUTMENT DESIGN Stability. All abutments except those which are held apart by the super-structure shall be so designed and have wings of such length that they will be independent of support from the span. Width. Any abutment for a span with a roadway not exceeding 20 feet, shall be not less than 22 feet in length on the back of the wall. For wider roadways the main wall shall be not less than 24 feet in length. Piling. When piling are shown on the plan or are required by the engineer they shall consist of white or burr oak, elm, fir, cedar, tamarac or other timber that will satisfactorily resist the blow of the hammer and is approved by the Engineer. They shall be sound, straight timber from which the bark has been removed and shall measure not less than 8 inches at the point and 12 inches at the butt. It is understood that payment for extra work will be made only for the total number of lineal feet of piling left in the foundations. When it is necessary to use piling, the tops of the piles shall project at least 12 inches into the concrete after all damaged wood has been cut away. When piles are used, they shall carry the full load. The maximum load on any single pile shall not be more than 10 tons unless indicated on the plans. Sll-10 Drawings Sll-11 Erection Sll-12 Foundation 9 Sll-13 Concrete The allowable^bearing on piles shall be computed by the following formula: Safe load = |^p where W = weight of hammer in tons or pounds. (The safe load will be considered in the same unit). H = fall of hammer in feet. S = penetration in inches (average of last few blows). CONCRETE AND CONCRETE MATERIALS Cement. The cement shall be a standard Portland cement, conform¬ ing to the latest Standard Specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials. Water. The water used in concrete shall be fresh, clean, and free from dirt and sewage. The use of alkali water will not be allowed. Sand. The sand shall be hard and well graded up to )4 inch in size and shall not contain clay in excess of 3% by dry weight. Sand containing organic matter or slate shall not be used. When the sand is mixed with Portland cement in proportion of 1 part cement to 3 parts sand by weight according to standard methods of making 1:3 mortar briquettes, the resulting mortar at the ages of 7 and 28 days when compared with mortar mixed at the same time in the same proportion and consistency using the same cement with Ottawa sand, it shall show the following strength results: Class A and B Concrete 100%, Class C Con¬ crete 100%. Pebbles. Screened gravel shall uniformly range in size from )4 inch up to 1)4 inch for reinforced concrete, and up to 2)4 inches for plain concrete. The pebbles shall consist of hard and durable material and there shall be no clay or clay loam adhering to the pebbles. Broken Stone. Broken stone shall be clean, hard and durable, and range in size from }zi inch up to 1)4 inch for reinforced concrete, and up to 2 )/2 inches for plain concrete. Proportioning. The proportions of the different classes of concrete shall be carefully maintained by some method of measuring satisfactory to the Engineer, the cement being measured as packed by the manufacturer and a standard sack being considered to have a volume of one cubic foot and the aggregate shall be measured loose. The use of bottomless boxes and square wheelbarrows of uniform size designed for this purpose will be * accepted as satisfactory methods. Class A Concrete. Class A Concrete shall consist of one part cement, two parts sand and four parts of uniformly graded screened gravel or crushed stone which will be retained on a 34 inch screen and will pass a 1)4 inch ring. Class A Concrete will be used for all reinforced concrete abutments, girders and slab spans, concrete floors on steel spans and reinforced concrete culverts. Class B Concrete. Class B Concrete shall consist of one part cement, two parts sand and three parts of uniformly graded screened gravel or broken stone which will be retained on a )4 inch screen and will pass a % inch ring. Class B Concrete will be used for railing on reinforced concrete slab and deck girder spans, for portable culverts and similar structures. Class C Concrete. Class C Concrete shall consist of 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 5 parts of uniformly graded screened gravel or crushed rock which will be retained on a )4 inch screen and pass a 2)4 ring. Class C Concrete will be used on heavy mass abutments, piers, retain¬ ing walls and similar structures. Batch Mixer. Concrete must be mixed in a batch mixer of a type approved by the Engineer. Degree of Mixing. Each batch shall remain in the mixer for a period of not less than one (1) minute after all the materials are in the drum. Dur¬ ing this period the drum shall operate at the speed for which it is.designed, but not less than fourteen (14) nor more than twenty (20) revolutions per 10 minute. The entire contents shall be removed from the drum before materials are placed therein for the succeeding batch. Tempering. Sufficient water shall be used in mixing the concrete so that the water will readily flush to the surface with light spading or troweling. An excess of water causing more than a slight accumulation above the sur¬ face of the concrete will not be permitted. Retempering. Concrete shall be mixed in such quantities that a batch can be placed in the work within 30 minutes from the time of mixing. No concrete which has taken an initial set and which requires retempering shall be used. Placing. All concrete shall be carefully deposited in place in such a manner that the stone and mortar are not separated. Spading. As fast as concrete is deposited, it shall be thoroughly settled by spading or other means to bring the mortar in thorough contact with the forms and reinforcing steel. i i PLACING CONCRETE Abutments and Piers. Concrete shall be placed in continuous hori¬ zontal layers in all abutments and piers. No plane of set will be allowed at a distance of less than 18 inches below the top of the wall. Slab Spans. The floors of slab span shall be poured in one continuous operation beginning at one end pouring the slab and curb to full depth as the work proceeds. In case the work is interrupted the construction joint should be vertical and at right angles to the center line of the roadway. In no case will a construction joint be allowed outside of the middle third of the span. Through Girder Spans. Construction joints must be at the center of the span unless otherwise shown on the plans. Concrete should be first poured along the longitudinal center line thence pouring on both sides toward the girders or curbs. Deck Girders. Construction joints on Deck Girders should preferably be longitudinal and midway between girders. Transverse construction joints will be allowed only at the center of the span. Steel Spans. Construction joints on concrete slabs on I beam joists must be vertical and at right angles to the beams. Joints in Walls. If at any time the work is interrupted so that the concrete already deposited attains its initial set, the surface of such con¬ crete shall be chipped off for a sufficient depth to expose the coarse aggregate the loose material swept or washed away, the surface thoroughly wetted and flushed with a thin 1 to 2 mortar before concreting is resumed. If the work is interrupted so that the last layer of concrete is deposited more than twenty-four (24) hours before the next can be laid, and there are no reinforcing rods projecting, a timber eight (8) inches wide shall be laid the entire length of the course and shall be bedded for at least four (4) inches in the concrete and allowed to remain until the concrete has set. When the work of pouring concrete is again resumed, the timber shall be removed and the surface of the concrete shall be cleaned and flushed as above indicated. Protecting Concrete While Curing. Concrete floors on steel bridges shall be kept protected from the direct rays of the sun by means of canvas, straw or other means approved by the Engineer, and shall be kept contin¬ ually wet for a period of one week after placing the same. Freezing Weather. Concrete to be left above the surface of the ground or water shall not be constructed during freezing weather except on the express written consent of the Engineer, and it shall be protected in the manner ordered by the Engineer. FORMS Furnishing Material. The Contractor shall provide all necessary ma¬ terial and means for building the forms for all concrete masonry. Sll-14 Placing Concrete Sll-15 Forms li Sll-16 Finish Construction. All forms shall be so constructed as to be held rigidly in place, line and elevation. If at any point of the work after the concrete has been placed, the forms show signs of bulging or sagging, that portion of the concrete shall be immediately removed on notice by the Inspector, and the forms shall be reset and securely braced against further movement. The amount of concrete to be removed shall be determined by the Inspector, and no extra allowance shall be made to the Contractor for such work. All forms are to remain in place until, in the opinion of the Engineer, it is safe to remove them. Moulding. Triangular moulding having 1 inch sides shall be used on all exposed comers. Beveled Faces. Forms shall be given a bevel of 1 inch to 1 foot wher¬ ever projections of the concrete, such as copings, floor beams, etc., would otherwise cause binding upon the removal of the forms. The narrowest parts of such projections shall have dimensions not less than as shown on the plans. REMOVAL OF FORMS In order to make possible the obtaining of a satisfactory surface finish, forms for ornamental work, railings, parapets, and vertical surfaces that do not carry loads and which will be exposed in the finished work shall be re¬ moved in not less than twelve (12) nor more than forty-eight (48) hours, depending upon weather conditions; forms under slabs, beams, girders, and arches shall remain in place at least twenty-one (21) days in warm weather, and in cold weather at the discretion of the engineer, r Forms shall always be removed from columns before removing shoring from beneath beams and girders, in order to determine the conditions of column concrete, x No forms whatever shall be removed at any time without the consent of the Engineer. Such consent shall not relieve the Contractor of respon¬ sibility for the safety of the work. As soon as the forms are removed all rough places, holes, and porous spots shall be filled, and all bolts, wires or other appliances used to hold the forms and which pass through the con¬ crete shall be cut off or set back one-half Q/Q inch below the surface and the ends covered with “Cement Mortar” of the same “Mix” as used in the body of the work. FINISHING CONCRETE All concrete surfaces shall be reasonably true and even, free from stone pockets, and excessive depressions or projections beyond the surface. The concrete in bridge seats and walls shall be brought flush with the finished top surface and uniformly struck off with a straight edge and floated. Unless otherwise specified the forms of all ornamental work, railings, parapets, and all exposed vertical surfaces shall be removed as soon as safety of the work will permit (usually in not less than 12 nor more than 48 hours) and any small cavities filled with mortar of the same mixture as used in the concrete. The whole surface shall then be rubbed with a wooden float or carborundum brick and clean water until all form marks are removed, leaving the surface plain, smooth and uniform in color and appearance. Cement wash will not be allowed. CURING CONCRETE As soon as possible, after placing the concrete, all floors of slab, deck girder and through girder bridges shall be covered with gravel, earth or straw or be protected by canvas and be kept wet for a period of not less than one week. This provision shall also apply to concrete floor slabs on steel stringers and to monolithic culverts. \ 12 CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNDATIONS AND ABUTMENTS Cofferdams. Pumping will not be permitted from the inside founda¬ tion forms while concrete is being placed. Concrete shall not be placed in running water and shall only be placed in still water with suitable appli¬ ances and under the direction of the Engineer. The inside dimensions of cofferdams shall be sufficiently large to give easy access to all parts of the foundation forms. For under waterwork a suitable cofferdam shall be provided. Excavation and Backfilling. The amount bid for abutments and piers shall include making all necessary excavations and backfilling the trenches around the footings up to the natural surface of the ground. Clearing Up. The Contractor shall, as a part of his contract, clear up the premises, remove all false work, formwork, etc. He shall remove all obstructions from the stream, leaving the waterway in as good condition as before the work was commenced. TEMPORARY BRIDGE If so ordered the Contractor shall build and maintain a safe and satis¬ factory temporary crossing while the work is in progress, and until such time as the new structure can be used. REMOVAL OF OLD BRIDGE When so ordered the Contractor shall remove the old bridge and pile it near the site where directed by the Engineer. TIMBER Quality. The timber used for plank' floors, sub-planking, nailing pieces, shims, retaining pieces, scupper blocks, hub-guards and all other dimension lumber shall be strictly first-class oak, tamarac, Douglas fir, longleaf or white pine, and shall be cut from green standing timber and thoroughly seasoned. It shall be straight grained, free from shakes, large or loose knots, decayed wood, worm holes or any other defects that would impair its strength or durability. Dimensions. The material shall be sawed straight and true, and unless otherwise noted shall be of standard commercial dimensions corresponding to the nominal dimensions shown on the plans. Plank. Lumber for plank floors and sub-planking shall be from 8 inches to 12 inches wide and of the length and nominal thickness called for on the plans. All lumber shall be cut to the width and thickness called for and sur¬ faced if required. CREOSOTED TIMBER Impregnation. All dimension lumber shall be impregnated with at least (10) pounds of creosote oil per cubic foot of material. The oil shall be of the kind and quality herein specified for dimension timber. Defective Material. All plank or other dimension timber showing de¬ fects shall be removed immediately from the site of the work. Any piece of timber noticeably deficient in creosote shall be rejected in the same manner. CREOSOTE OIL General Character. The oil shall be a pure coal tar product, free from ^ any adulterations. It shall not contain any petroleum oil or any product obtained from petroleum, and shall contain not more than 3 per cent of matter insoluble in benzol and chloroform. No oil obtained wholly or in part from water gas tar will be accepted. Sll-17 Construction Sll-18 Timber Sll-19 Creosoted Material 13 Sll-20 Treatment of Timber Distilling Test. The apparatus for distilling the creosote shall consist of a stoppered glass retort having a capacity, as nearly as can be obtained, of 8 ounces up to the bend of the neck, when the bottom of the retort and the mouth of the off-take are in the same plane. The bulb of the thermometer shall be placed x /i inch above the liquid in the retort at the beginning of the distillation and this position must be maintained throughout the operation. The condensing tube shall be attached to the retort by a tight cork joint. The distance between the thermometer and the end of the condensing tube shall be 22 inches. During the process of distillation, the tube may be heated to prevent the congealing of the distillates. The bulb of the retort and at least 2 inches of the neck shall be covered with a shield of heavy asbestos paper during the entire process of distillation, so as to prevent heat radia¬ tion. Between the bottom of the retort and the flame of the lamp burner shall be placed 2 sheets of wire gauze, each 20 mesh fine and at least six inches square. The flame shall be protected against air currents. The distillation shall be continuous and uniform, the heat being applied gradually. It shall be at the rate approximately 1 drop per second; 100 grams of the oil shall be taken for distillation and all percentages determined by weight in comparison with dry oil. Oil for Dimension Timber. The specific gravity of the oil shall be not less than 1.03 nor more than 1.08 at 25 degrees Centigrade, and when subjected to a distilling test in the manner hereinbefore described, the amount of the distillate shall not exceed the following: Up to 170° Centigrade, 2 per cent. Up to 235° Centigrade, 35 per cent. Residue at 355° Centigrade, not more than 35 per cent. TREATMENT OF TIMBER Impregnation. The timber shall be placed in an air-tight cylinder where, by means of steam, at a pressure not to exceed 25 pounds per square inch, and the vacuum pump, the sap in the timber will be vaporized and the moisture removed. When the timber is thoroughly dry, the cylinder shall be filled with oil and pressure shall then be applied and increased gradually to not more than 200 pounds per square inch, and maintained until the required amount of oil has been forced into and retained in the timber and until the oil has impregnated the timber to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The temperature in the cylinder shall at no time exceed 115 degrees, Centi¬ grade. In the process of treating the timber, correction shall be made for any water contained in the cylinder. Compensation shall also be made for leaks and other wastes of oil that may occur during treatment. After treat¬ ment the timber shall contain not more than 15 per cent of moisture. Equipment. The oil tanks and cylinders in which the timber is treated shall be equipped with all necessary gauges, thermometers and draw cocks, in order to facilitate a thorough inspection of the materials and treatments. Notification of Treatment. The creosoting company shall notify the State Highway Department a sufficient length of time in advance of the date the timber for this contract will be creosoted, so that an inspector may be sent to the creosoting plant and arrive in time to inspect the material and check the treatment at the plant. PLANT INSPECTION OF TIMBER Determining Quantity of Oil in Timber. When plant inspection is made by the Engineer, the quantity of creosote contained in timber shall be determined as follows: The trucks containing the timber shall be weighed immediately after the steam treatment, and shall again be weighed after treatment with oil. The difference in weight shall be taken as quantity of creosote impregnated in the timber. Oil Samples. The quality of the creosote shall be determined from sam¬ ples furnished the inspector before treatment and may be confirmed by a sample taken from the cylinder during, or immediately after, the treatment. / I 14 Plant Inspection May Be Waived. Should the creosoting company be notified in writing that plant inspection will be waived on dimension timber, the creosoting company will be required to furnish a certified statement, signed by proper officers of the company, which statement shall indicate the amount of creosote oil injected and remaining in the timber, and the results of analysis of the oil. This analysis shall be made in accordance with methods herein described. Failure to Give Notice of Treatment. Should the creosoting company fail to notify the State Highway Department of the date the material is to be treated as heretofore provided, then field determination of quantity of creosote contained in the timber may be made in such manner as the Engineer may desire. If in his opinion the timber contains less creosote oil than re¬ quired by the specifications, it shall be rejected. PLANK FLOORS Nailing Pieces. The nailing pieces shown on the plans shall be rigidly bolted to the channels or I beam by means of ^8 inch bolts not more than three feet apart. Nailing pieces bolted to the side of beams or channels shall have the top of the mailing piece flush with the top of the beam or channel. Placing. All plank for floors having no special wearing surface shall be laid with 34 inch joints and fastened to the nailing pieces with two wire spikes at each intersection. Such spikes shall have a length equal to at least double the thickness of the plank. All planks shall be laid heart side down. Washers. Wherever the head or nut of a bolt or lag screw would other¬ wise come in contact with the timber, a standard size washer shall be used underneath the head or nut. BITUMINOUS WEARING SURFACE FLOORS Nailing Pieces. The nailing pieces shown on the plans shall be rigidly bolted to the channels or I beams by means of inch bolts spaced not more than three feet apart. Nailing pieces bolted to the side of beams or channels shall have the top of the nailing piece flush with the top of the beam or channel. Sub-Planking. Ship-lap sub-planking shall be used and shall be sur¬ faced one side and the edges milled to lap not less than % inch. The depth of groove and tongue adjacent to the surfaced side shall be dimensioned from the surfaced side so that a tight joint will be secured when the planks are laid surfaced side down. The sub-planking shall be laid surfaced side down. Calking. After the sub-planking and retaining pieces have been laid, all joints, which in the opinion of the Engineer are not sufficiently tight to prevent the leakage of the bituminous material used in the wearing sur¬ face, shall be calked with oakum by forcing it into the cracks with a proper calking tool in such manner as to forma practically water-tight joint, leaving the surface of the calking not less than 34 inch or more than 34 inch below the surface of the sub-planking. The plank shall, unless otherwise shown on the plans, be fastened at each intersection by means of two wire spikes having a length equal to at least double the thickness of the plank. Wood shims when called for on the plans shall be rigidly spiked to the sub-planking. Impregnation. All dimension lumber shall be impregnated with at least ten (10) pounds of creosote oil per cubic foot of material. The oil shall be of the kind and quality herein specified for dimension timber. Lag Screws. Holes for lag screws shall be bored slightly smaller in diameter than the shank of the lag screws and have a depth of 134 inches less than the length of the screw under the head. The holes shall be bored with a slight inclination from the center of the plank. Retaining Pieces. The retaining pieces shall be spiked to the sub¬ planking by means of spikes having a length equal to three times the thickness of the retaining pieces. Sll-21 Construction of Timber Floors is Sll-22 Ba^s of Payment Scupper Blocks. Scupper blocks shall be rigidly fastened to the retain¬ ing piece by means of wire spikes in addition to the bolts shown on the plans. Wheel Guards. Wheel guards shall be placed on top of the scupper blocks and fastened in place by means of one % inch lag screw at each end of each piece and at each intermediate scupper block. The lag screw shall extend entirely through the wheel guard, scupper block, retaining piece, sub-plank and secure a firm grip in the nailing piece. Washers. Wherever the head or nut of a bolt or lag screw would otherwise come in contact with the timber, a standard size washer shall be used underneath the head or nut. Countersinking. Countersinking shall be resorted to whenever the heads of screws or bolts would otherwise interfere with assembling the work. Recesses formed by countersinking shall be filled with hot asphalt or tar. BITUMINOUS SURFACE Application. Any bituminous wearing surface used on a bridge floor shall be applied according to the special provisions set forth as a part of the specifications for each job. BASIS OF PAYMENT FOR BRIDGEWORK The basis of payment will be the sum specified by the contractor in his proposal for the satisfactory completion of the structure or structures. In¬ creases, if any, will be paid for at the unit prices named in the proposal for such increases and will be allowed for the actual added quantities of the various items. In case of reduction of quantities, the decrease will be computed on the basis of the unit prices for such decrease. In case the contractor does not fill out the portion of the proposal re¬ ferring to increases and decreases, any compensation for increases or deduc¬ tion for decreased quantities shall be computed as follows: The engineer, using the contract price as a basis, shall estimate the unit cost of the various items and for all increases allow the unit cost plus 15 per cent and for de¬ creases subtract the unit cost less 15 per cent. 16 Minnesota Standard Specifications Section Twelve. MONOLITHIC CONCRETE CULVERTS The provisions of these specifications regarding materials, construction methods and character of workmanship for concrete and concrete bridges shall also apply to monolithic concrete culverts. Class “A” concrete, as described in Section 11-13, shall be used for all monolithic culverts. BASIS OF PAYMENT Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, the basis of payment will be the lump sum specified by the contractor in his proposal for which sum he shall furnish all material required, and do all work including the neces¬ sary excavation required to satisfactorily complete the structure. When so specified by the engineer in the proposal, the contract shall be awarded and payment made on the following basis, bidding unit prices on the following items or other items appearing in the proposal form: Concrete in place-per cu. yard. Reinforcing steel in place-per lb. Pipe rail in place-per lineal foot. Excavation per cu. yd. Excavation classified in accordance with Sec. 2-10. of the grading specifications for earth, loose rock and solid rock. The yardage of the excavation shall be computed on an area G inches greater in every direction than the area of the culvert footing. SECTIONAL CONCRETE CULVERTS General. The specifications applying to concrete, concrete materials, reinforcing steel and concrete construction for bridges and culverts shall apply to sectional concrete culverts. Concrete. Class “B” concrete shall be used and shall consist of one part cement, two parts sand, and three parts gravel or crushed rock of such size that it will be retained on a 34 inch screen and will pass a 34 inch ring. At least 40 per cent and not more than 50 per cent of the stone or gravel must be retained on a 34 inch screen. Concrete Materials. See Bridge and Culvert specifications for con¬ crete materials and reinforcing steel. Type of Reinforcing. Reinforcing may be wire hoops, expanded metal or wire mesh. Wiring. Reinforcing must lap not less than 8 inches and be securely wired at splice. Forms. The inner and outer forms must be truly concentric. The forms must be tight, to prevent leakage of mortar. Finish. The concrete aggregates must be properly proportioned to se¬ cure a smooth finish and a dense concrete. The ends of the section must be well filled, smooth, and concentric with the barrel of the culvert. Porous concrete, imperfectly filled or otherwise defective ends will be considered sufficient for rejection. Curing. After removal of forms, pipe shall be kept moist by frequent sprinkling for a period of four days. Marking. All sections shall be marked with the date of manufacture. No pipe shall be shipped prior to 14 days from date of pouring. Length. No section shall be less than 2 feet or more than 3 feet, net length. Approval. Sectional culverts of other than circular form, but of equal strength, may be approved as to design upon submission of detail plans to the State Highway Department, and sections of these culverts may be sub¬ jected to tests similar to that described below. S12-1 General Provisions S12-2 Basis of Payment S12-3 Sectional Concrete Culverts S12-4 Basis of Payment S12-6 Corrugated Metal Culverts If culverts manufactured by any company fail to consistently pass the test for strength, then that product will not be accepted until satisfactory proof has been presented showing that the defects have been remedied. Strength. Concrete taken from culverts not less than 28 days after pouring shall show, under test, a compressive strength of not less than 2,000 lbs. per square inch. BASIS OF PAYMENT The basis of payment for sectional concrete culvert pipe shall be the unit price bid per foot of pipe F. O. B. cars at destination, specified by the purchaser, provided that all such culverts comply with the specifications and are delivered unbroken and in satisfactory condition. CORRUGATED METAL PIPE Shape. Pipe submitted under these specifications shall be of the full circle riveted type, with lap joint construction. Sectional or nestable types of corrugated pipe will be admitted only as special cases where some local conditions make this form desirable. Unless such conditions exist, bids will not be considered upon this type of pipe. Should the County desire to admit bids on sectional or nestable type of pipe, this fact shall be set forth in the notice to bidders, and bids on such pipe shall be accompanied by full detailed drawings and a description show¬ ing all details of construction and weight per foot of pipe. Classes of Metal. Two classes of base metal for use in corrugated metal pipe are recognized in these specifications. Class “A” and Class “B.” Class “A” includes the metals commonly designated as pure irons, which are the products of the open hearth furnace in which the refining operation is car¬ ried forward until the impurities are reduced to a relatively low percentage. Class “B ” includes those metals commonly designated as copper bearing steels which are the normal product of the open hearth furnace with which is alloyed a small percentage of copper. Quality of Metals. Class “A” base metal shall contain not more than twenty-five hundredths (.25) per cent in the aggregate of the following metaloids: Carbon, sulphur, phosphorous, silicon and manganese, and shall contain not more than four hundredths (.04) per cent of carbon, thirty- five thousandths (.035) per cent of sulphur, and six thousandths (.006) per cent of phosphorus. An allowance may be made in the aggregate amount of the five metaloids specified above of four hundredths (.04) per cent. Class “B” base metals shall contain not more than seven tenths (.7) per cent in the aggregate of the following metaloids: Carbon, sulphur, phosphorous, silicon and manganese, and shall contain not more than fif¬ teen hundredths (.15) per cent of carbon two hundredths (.02) per cent, phosphorous, and five hundredths (.05) per cent sulphur. Class “B” base metals shall contain not less than two tenths (.2) per cent copper. The metal shall have a tensile strength of not less than 40,000 lbs. and an elastic limit of not less than 25,000 lbs. After the sheets are rolled they shall be properly annealed and they shall be free from blisters, seams, slag or foreign materials. Galvanizing. All materials entering into the construction of the pipe shall be galvanized in such a manner that the galvanizing forms a contin¬ uous, impervious, pure zinc coating, uniform in thickness. It shall be so applied that it will adhere firmly to the metal. Plates having blisters or other imperfections in the galvanizing, after corrugating, shall be rejected. The galvanizing coating shall contain not less than one ounce of zinc per square foot of surface and for the two sides of 1 sq. ft. of metal not less than 2 ounces nor more than 2 x /i ounces. The amount of spelter shall be deter¬ mined by test conducted in an approved manner by an Inspection Bureau. The lead acetate or spot test method shall be used. Identification. The manufacturer of each brand of metal for which proposals may be received, shall file with the State Highway Department a statement setting forth the names or brand of the metal proposed to be furnished with a complete typical analysis of the metal contained therein, which statement shall be sworn to for the manufacturer by the proper ex¬ ecutive. No metal will be accepted under these specifications and no bids will be considered for either Class “A” or Class “B” requirements until after the sheet metal manufacturer’s statement has been filed as above. Misbrand¬ ing or other misrepresentations or non-uniformity of product will be con¬ sidered as sufficient reason to discontinue the acceptance of any pipe under these specifications. No pipe will be accepted unless that metal is identified by a stamp on each section showing: First —Name of the manufacturer; Second—Name of the brand, and Third —The gauge. These identification brands shall be placed on the sheets by the manu¬ facturers of the sheets only in such a way that when rolled into culverts such identification shall appear on the outside of each section of each pipe. Pipe having any sections not so stamped shall be promptly rejected. Rivets and Riveting. All rivets shall be of a quality equal to the ma¬ terial in the pipe. They shall be well galvanized. All rivets shall be driven cold in such a manner that the plates shall be drawn tight together throughout the width of the seam. No rivet shall be closer than twice its diameter from the edge of the metal. All rivets shall have neat workmanlike and full size heads. They must be driven without bending and must fully fill the hole. Corrugations. All corrugations shall be not less than 2)/^ inches, center to center, nor more than 3 inches. The corrugations shall have a depth of not less than Yi inch for 2 x /i inch, and not less than % inch for 3 inch cor¬ rugations. End Reinforcement. The ends of all corrugated metal culverts shall be reinforced with a galvanized iron band, riveted to the culvert at intervals of ten (10) inches or less. This band shall be equivalent in cross section to 1 inch for No. 16 metal, x \ x /i inches for No. 14 and No. 12 metal and x /i x 2 inches for No. 10 metal. Any other style of reinforcement may be used which will furnish equal strength with the above and that may be ap¬ proved by the Engineer. Thickness of Metal. Pipe shall be made of sheets of the following thick¬ ness before galvanizing. Clear Inside Diameter U. S. Gauge 18 inch and smaller.No. 16 Over 18 inch up to and including 30 inch. ,! .No. 14 Over 30 inch up to and including 48 inch.No. 12 Over 48 inch up to 60 inch.No. 10 Metal culverts over 48 inches in diameter will not be used without special strengthening, the design for which must be approved by the En¬ gineer. Seams. All joints shall be lap joints. Longitudinal seams shall lap not less than two inches. They shall be riveted with one rivet at each cor¬ rugation. Circumferential shop riveted seams shall lap at least one full corrugation. Rivets in circumferential seams shall be not more than ten inches apart. To cover irregularities in construction an allowance may be made of x /i inch in net diameter of 12 and 18 inch pipes, and not more than Y inch in larger sizes. If the deficiency exceeds these figures the pipe may be re¬ jected, or a suitable deduction may be made from contract price. Workmanship. All material and workmanship shall be first class in every particular. Culverts shall have a truly circular cross section. They shall be truly straight throughout their entire length. They shall be free from all imperfections, such as bends, dents or crimps in the metal. 3 S12-6 Basis of Payment Field Joints. Shall be furnished of the same material as the pipe and shall be not less than 8 inches wide for pipe up to 30 inches in diameter, and 11 inches wide for larger sizes. Such bands shall be provided with connections at the ends by angles or straps having a cross section equal to 1 inch by inch, and fastened by bolts not less than Yi inch in diameter. All such con¬ nections shall be made of galvanized or otherwise suitably protected iron. BASIS OF PAYMENT The basis of payment for corrugated metal culvert pipe shall be the unit price bid per foot of pipe F. O. B. cars at destination, specified by the purchaser, provided that all such culverts comply with the specifications and are delivered in satisfactory condition. 4 Minnesota Standard Specifications Section Twelve. MONOLITHIC CONCRETE CULVERTS The provisions of these specifications regarding materials, construction methods and character of workmanship for concrete and concrete bridges shall also apply to monolithic concrete culverts. Class “A” concrete, as described in Section 11-13, shall be used for all monolithic culverts. BASIS OF PAYMENT Unless otherwise specified by the engineer, the basis of payment will be the lump sum specified by the contractor in his proposal for which sum he shall furnish all material required, and do all work including the neces¬ sary excavation required to satisfactorily complete the structure. When so specified by the engineer in the proposal, the contract shall be awarded and payment made on the following basis, bidding unit prices on the following items or other items appearing in the proposal form: Concrete in place-per cu. yard. Reinforcing steel in place-per lb. Pipe rail in place-per lineal foot. Excavation per cu. yd. Excavation classified in accordance with Sec. 2-10. of the grading specifications for earth, loose rock and solid rock. The yardage of the excavation shall be computed on an area 6 inches greater in every direction than the area of the culvert footing. SECTIONAL CONCRETE CULVERTS General. The specifications applying to concrete, concrete materials, reinforcing steel and concrete construction for bridges and culverts shall apply to sectional concrete culverts. Concrete. Class “B” concrete shall be used and shall consist of one part cement, two parts sand, and three parts gravel or crushed rock of such size that it will be retained on a 34 inch screen and will pass a % inch ring. At least 40 per cent and not more than 50 per cent of the stone or gravel must be retained on a 34 inch screen. Concrete Materials. See Bridge and Culvert specifications for con¬ crete materials and reinforcing steel. Type of Reinforcing. Reinforcing may be wire hoops, expanded metal or wire mesh. Wiring. Reinforcing must lap not less than 8 inches and be securely wired at splice. Forms. The inner and outer forms must be truly concentric. The forms must be tight, to prevent leakage of mortar. Finish. The concrete aggregates must be properly proportioned to se¬ cure a smooth finish and a dense concrete. The ends of the section must be well filled, smooth, and concentric with the barrel of the culvert. Porous concrete, imperfectly filled or otherwise defective ends will be considered sufficient for rejection. Curing. After removal of forms, pipe shall be kept moist by frequent sprinkling for a period of four days. Marking. All sections shall be marked with the date of manufacture. No pipe shall be shipped prior to 14 days from date of pouring. Length. No section shall be less than 2 feet or more than 3 feet, net length. Approval. Sectional culverts of other than circular form, but of equal strength, may be approved as to design upon submission of detail plans to the State Highway Department, and sections of these culverts may be sub¬ jected to tests similar to that described below. S12-1 General Provisions S12-2 Basis of Payment S12-3 Sectional Concrete Culverts S12-4 Basis of Payment S12-5 Corrugated Metal Culverts If culverts manufactured by any company fail to consistently pass the test for strength, then that product will not be accepted until satisfactory proof has been presented showing that the defects have been remedied. Strength. Concrete taken from culverts not less than 28 days after pouring shall show, under test, a compressive strength of not less than 2,000 lbs. per square inch. BASIS OF PAYMENT The basis of payment for sectional concrete culvert pipe shall be the unit price bid per foot of pipe F. O. B. cars at destination, specified by the purchaser, provided that all such culverts comply with the specifications and are delivered unbroken and in satisfactory condition. CORRUGATED METAL PIPE Shape. Pipe submitted under these specifications shall be of the full circle riveted type, with lap joint construction. Sectional or nestable types of corrugated pipe will be admitted only as special cases where some local conditions make this form desirable. Unless such conditions exist, bids will not be considered upon this type of pipe. Should the County desire to admit bids on sectional or nestable type of pipe, this fact shall be set forth in the notice to bidders, and bids on such pipe shall be accompanied by full detailed drawings and a description show¬ ing all details of construction and weight per foot of pipe. Classes of Metal. Two classes of base metal for use in corrugated metal pipe are recognized in these specifications. Class “A” and Class “B.” Class “A” includes the metals commonly designated as pure irons, which are the products of the open hearth furnace in which the refining operation is car¬ ried forward until the impurities are reduced to a relatively low percentage. Class “B ” includes those metals commonly designated as copper bearing steels which are the normal product of the open hearth furnace with which is alloyed a small percentage of copper. Quality of Metals. Class “A” base metal shall contain not more than twenty-five hundredths (.25) per cent in the aggregate of the following metaloids: Carbon, sulphur, phosphorous, silicon and manganese, and shall contain not more than four hundredths (.04) per cent of carbon, thirty- five thousandths (.035) per cent of sulphur, and six thousandths (.006) per cent of phosphorus. An allowance may be made in the aggregate amount of the five metaloids specified above of four hundredths (.04) per cent. Class “B” base metals shall contain not more than seven tenths (.7) per cent in the aggregate of the following metaloids: Carbon, sulphur, phosphorous, silicon and manganese, and shall contain not more than fif¬ teen hundredths (.15) per cent of carbon two hundredths (.02) per cent, phosphorous, and five hundredths (.05) per cent sulphur. Class “B” base metals shall contain not less than two tenths (.2) per cent copper. The metal shall have a tensile strength of not less than 40,000 lbs. and an elastic limit of not less than 25,000 lbs. After the sheets are rolled they shall be properly annealed and they shall be free from blisters, seams, slag or foreign materials. Galvanizing. All materials entering into the construction of the pipe shall be galvanized in such a manner that the galvanizing forms a contin¬ uous, impervious, pure zinc coating, uniform in thickness. It shall be so applied that it will adhere firmly to the metal. Plates having blisters or other imperfections in the galvanizing, after corrugating, shall be rejected. The galvanizing coating shall contain not less than one ounce of zinc per square foot of surface and for the two sides of 1 sq. ft. of metal not less than 2 ounces nor more than ounces. The amount of spelter shall be deter¬ mined by test conducted in an approved manner by an Inspection Bureau. The lead acetate or spot test method shall be used. Identification. The manufacturer of each brand of metal for .which proposals may be received, shall file with the State Highway Department a statement setting forth the names or brand of the metal proposed to be furnished with a complete typical analysis of the metal contained therein, which statement shall be sworn to for the manufacturer by the proper ex¬ ecutive. No metal will be accepted under these specifications and no bids will be considered for either Class “A” or Class “B” requirements until after the sheet metal manufacturer’s statement has been filed as above. Misbrand¬ ing or other misrepresentations or non-uniformity of product will be con¬ sidered as sufficient reason to discontinue the acceptance of any pipe under these specifications. No pipe will be accepted unless that metal is identified by a stamp on each section showing: First —Name of the manufacturer; Second—Name of the brand, and Third —The gauge. These identification brands shall be placed on the sheets by the manu¬ facturers of the sheets only in such a way that when rolled into culverts such identification shall appear on the outside of each section of each pipe. Pipe having any sections not so stamped shall be promptly rejected. Rivets and Riveting. All rivets shall be of a quality equal to the ma¬ terial in the pipe. They shall be well galvanized. All rivets shall be driven cold in such a manner that the plates shall be drawn tight together throughout the width of the seam. No rivet shall be closer than twice its diameter from the edge of the metal. All rivets shall have neat workmanlike and full size heads. They must be driven without bending and must fully fill the hole. Corrugations. All corrugations shall be not less than 2Y inches, center to center, nor more than 3 inches. The corrugations shall have a depth of not less than Yi inch for 2 Yi inch, and not less than Y inch for 3 inch cor¬ rugations. End Reinforcement. The ends of all corrugated metal culverts shall be reinforced with a galvanized iron band, riveted to the culvert at intervals of ten (10) inches or less. This band shall be equivalent in cross section to % x 1 inch for No. 16 metal, % x Y'i inches for No. 14 and No. 12 metal and Yi. x 2 inches for No. 10 metal. Any other style of reinforcement may be used which will furnish equal strength with the above and that may be ap¬ proved by the Engineer. Thickness of Metal. Pipe shall be made of sheets of the following thick¬ ness before galvanizing. Clear Inside Diameter U. S. Gauge 18 inch and smaller.No. 16 Over 18 inch up to and including 30 inch.No. 14 Over 30 inch up to and including 48 inch.No. 12 Over 48 inch up to 60 inch.No. 10 Metal culverts over 48 inches in diameter will not be used without special strengthening, the design for which must be approved by the En¬ gineer. Seams. All joints shall be lap joints. Longitudinal seams shall lap not less than two inches. They shall be riveted with one rivet at each cor¬ rugation. Circumferential shop riveted seams shall lap at least one full corrugation. Rivets in circumferential seams shall be not more than ten inches apart. To cover irregularities in construction an allowance may be made of inch in net diameter of 12 and 18 inch pipes, and not more than Yi inch in larger sizes. If the deficiency exceeds these figures the pipe may be re¬ jected, or a suitable deduction may be made from contract price. Workmanship. All material and workmanship shall be first class in every particular. Culverts shall have a truly circular cross section. They shall be truly straight throughout their entire length. They shall be free from all imperfections, such as bends, dents or crimps in the metal. 3 S12-6 Basis of Payment Field Joints. Shall be furnished of the same material as the pipe and shall be not less than 8 inches wide for pipe up to 30 inches in diameter, and 11 inches wide for larger sizes. Such bands shall be provided with connections at the ends by angles or straps having a cross section equal to 1 inch by JJ inch, and fastened by bolts not less than x /l inch in diameter. All such con¬ nections shall be made of galvanized or otherwise suitably protected iron. ' K .-.ily ■ ! . - .,8 ■ *d .L ;j K/n i BASIS OF PAYMENT The basis of payment for corrugated metal culvert pipe shall be the unit price bid per foot of pipe F. O. B. cars at destination, specified by the purchaser, provided that all such culverts comply with the specifications and are delivered in satisfactory condition. 4 specifications FOR ASPHALTIC CONCRETE "PAVING (WARRENITE- BITULITHIC ) WARRENITE BITULITHIC TEARING SURFACE On the foundation as specified^ there shall be Ixtid the Iferrenite BitulithicV.earing Surface w; .ch must be (2") inches thick after compression. The rearing surface shall be a mixture of (1) mineral aggregate and (2) bituminous cement 0 1* MINERAL AGGEGRATSj Shall be composed of hard stone with French Coefficient of wear of at least 8* and a toughness of not less than 8, for the course materal combined with sand ( or a mixture of sand and screenings) for the smaller sizes*. The course aggregrate shall be free from soft or disintegrated stone* dirt cr other r •• objectiona! matter occurring eitner free or as a coating on the aggregate,, The size of the particles of the aggregate ahailvary from the maximum ( about one-half (l/2) of the thickness of the surface ) to impalpable pov:d.er c The particles shall be so porporticned as to give the mixture density* that is low percentage of voids* and a useful degree of inherent stability- orresistance to displacemento If the aggregate does not* inthe opinion of the Engineer contain enough finely divided particles of impalpable powder to produce a low percentage of voids* the deficiency shall be made up by the addition of limestone dust or port]and Cement. In addition to the above the mineral aggregate shall come within the following screen test and the percentage of each size used, shall be satisfactory to the Engineer 9 Passing a l-^- sfcifeen and retained on a #2 sieve " u #2 sieve " " 11 " #4 " It U It It It II II jj-lQ II ti ti ti u u tt n A ii " " #80 " at least 25 % cf which will pass percentage 50 - 60 15 - 25 5 - 15 5-15 a #200 sieve 5 -15 The balance to pass a #30 sieve and be rettined on a #80 sieve 2 # BITUMINOUS CEMENT; Shall be Bitulithic Cement and shall be added, within the limits of 5 to 8 percent by weight of the mixture as approved by the Engineer <> Bitulithic Cement used in this work shallbe produced under the direction and laboratory supervision cf Warren Brothers Company and in addition to the above, shall also comply with the following standard tests; Asphalt CEMENT: The asphalt cement to be used in this work shall meet one of the following sets of requirme.nts as set forth in United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin 691. • • t ■/ I / v - 1 ? f . ' > • > •; > W i. y ,4 ; sH' V ; w 4-.‘> * tttl. ( V J (A) OIL ASPHALTS: The oil aspha’t shall be homogeneous, free f?.on water, and shall not foam when heated to 175 deg, C« (347 deg.F). It shall meet the following,reqiJUi*omenip; 1« Specific gravity 25 deg./ 25 deg, , (77 deg*/ 77 deg.F.) not less than 1,010 2, Flash point —— not less than 175 deg, 0 (347 deg.F,) 3, Melting point - 40 deg*C, (104 deg*F a ) to 60 deg.O, (140 deg 0 ?„) 4, Penetration at 25 degaO* (77 deg.F.) J.OQ g«, 5 sec*-60 to 70 5, Loss at 163 deg-.Co (325 deg.F,) 3 hours -not more than 1 ..0% a a Penetration cf residue at 25 deg.C. (77 deg.F. ) ICO g., 5 sec,- * not less than 40 6, Total bitumen (soluble .in carbon disulphide) not less than 99,55b a* Organic matter insoluble — not more than 0*2%, Note; Material for any one contract shall not vary more than 0,020 in specific gravity nor more than 10 deg* C* in melting point within the test limits above specsfled. Tests of the physical and chemical, properties cf the o5 1 asphalt shall be made in accordance with the following methods: 1. Specific gravity, U,S*Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314, P.5, 2, Flash point (open cup) U,S.Department cf Agriculture Bulletin 314, P,17 3.. Melting point, A*S„T.LI« Tentative St andard D 36-16 T. Proceedings A.S,T,M„ 1916, Pc549 4. Penetration A,S 5 TrM<, Standard Test D 5-13, 5* Volatilization test, U o S 0 Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314, P.19, using 50 gran sample. 6. Total bitumen, U.S.Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314, P.25 (B) FLUXED BERMUDEX ASPHALT; The fluxed native asphalt shall be homogeneous, free from water, and shall not foam when heated to 175 deg.C.(347 deg.F.) It shall meet the following requirements; l«Specific gravity 25 deg* Co (77 deg-,/ 7?deg„) l»G50 to 1,070 2»Flash point--- not less than 175deg 0 C 0 (347 deg„F.) 3«Meifcing point---45deg„ C v , (113 deg F„) to 55 deg a 0^131 deg* F 0 ) 4* Penetration at 25 deg., C, ( 77 deg 0 F 0 ) 100 g a , 5 sec — —— 60 to 70 5o Loss at 3 63 deg> C, (325 deg, F« ) 5 hours--ogjaat more than 3.0 %> a. Pentration of residue at 25 deg e C c (77 deg t F« ) 100 go , 5sec—»——..——not less than 30 6. Total bituen (soluble in carbon disulphide ) not less than 94.5 % b. Inorganic matter insoluble——————.-2 0 0 % to 5.5 % Test of the physical and chemical properties of the fluxed native asphalt shall be made in aecczdance with the following methods; 1., Specific gravity, U* S a Department cf Agriculture Bulletin 314*p b 5* 2. Flash point (open cup ) U 0 S» Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314,p, 3. Melting point*A.S .T»M, Tentative Standard D«36«16 T,,Proc c A.S.T.M* 1916, p*549» 4oPentration A.S.T.M. Standard Test D«-5«16 5 P Volatilization test,UyS.Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314 p<> 19, using 50 gram sample* 6 0 Total bitumen, U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 314 ? p 0 25, PREPARATION AND MIXING i The ingredients shall be heated to such a temperature between the limits of 200 and 35Q deg* F. that when th© mixtures are delivered on the work, they shallL be in: a sufficiently plastic condition for spreading and rolling (which will, vary with the temperature of the air) as may be directed by the Engineer, and they shall not be heated to a sufficiently high temperature to injure the Bitulithic Cement* Either of the two following methods and apparatus shall be used. (a) The several grades and sizes of the mineral aggregate as delivered at the mixing plant shall be kept in separate piles* The amount of mineral aggregate required for a batch dial 1 then be accurately measured in the proper proportions, of the several sizes to give the best results, and same shall be heated in a rotary mechanical heater so designed as to keep each batch of mineral aggregate by itself until thoroughly dry and heated, after which, the batch of hot mineral aggregate shall pass into a rotary cylindrical mixer, where the separately heated Bitulithic Cement shall be added 1 . The mixing dall be continued until the combination is a uniform bituminous concrete* (b) The mineral aggregate shall be thoroughly dried and heated in a rotary drier, and while still hot, shall separated into at least four sizes by means of a rotary screen so arranged that the product of each screen section shall drop into a corresponding compartment or bin* The aggregate cap acity of all the compartments ta> be net less than ten (10) cubic yards* From these several compartments, the desired amount of each size aggregate shall be drawn into a weigh box resting on a multi~beara.' scale, and each size shall be weighed accurately and separate¬ ly therein, after which the whole batch shall be emptied intco a “twin pug' pug w mixer, where it shall be thorough! y mixed with the separately heated Bitulithic Cement, until the combination is a uniform bituminous concrete. LAYING: The mixture and ingredients thereof shall be maintained at a temperature consistent with good workmanship. The mixture when reaching the street shall be hot enough to allow of being easily spread and raked and shall not be scd hot as to injure the Bitulithic Cement* The mixture shall be placed with hot shovels or forks and shall them be sp read with hot rakes. Immediately after the said, mixture has been spread and before it has been compacted in any manner it shall be covered with a mechan¬ ically mixed, bituminous mixture, cons isting of approximately one fourth (p) gallon of Bitulithic Cement to twenty (20) pounds of mineral aggregate not larger than one fourth (■ 4 ); inch in diameter. On grades a coarser aggregate may be used for this latter mixture* This mixture shall he sp read at the rate of thirty (30) to fifty(50) pounds per square yard, ROLLING: Immediately after sp reading the mixtures as described above, the pavement shall be thoroughly compressed by the use of a ten (lO); to twelve (12) ton, three (3) wheel self-propelled roller. The rolling shall be continued until no roller marks appear. Places inaccessible to the roller shall be thoroughly tamped by hand to the satisfaction of th-. the Engineer, bARRENITE*BTTULITHIC HEADERS % '.Then so provided, in the contract and ordered by the Engineer, wherever the pavement adjoins a macadam or gravel street either at the end of paved streets, cross streets or alleys and -wherever the edges of the wearing surface of the travelled way are not projected by stone or concrete curbs or gutters, then said ends and edges of t he wearing surface shall be protected from unnecessary shock and wear from teams and vehicles by a ’farren.ite-Bitulithic Header, consisting of wearing surface mixture six inches (2 : ‘) in depth and six inches {&") in width at the bottom and three inches (3' s ) in width at the top- a The mixture forming said header shall be thoroughly hand tamped and relied after which the adjoining shoulder shall be spread over the sloping s£e of the header* and thorough];/ rolled., and finished so as to bring the surface of header and shoulder flush with the edge of the wearing surface* Said headers shall be paid for at the price bid per lineal foct 0 barren Brothers Company, owner of the patents, used in the construction, of the Y.arrenite">Bituiithic Pavement, shall file with the County Auditor a properly executed binding aggreement to furnish to any contractor desiring to bid for the work a‘J 1 the necessary Aarrenite-Bitulithic Surface Mixtures, mixed ready for use, in accordance with Sections "'bearing Surface" at a definite reasonable price. Said price shall include a license to use all of the patents required in the construction of the Warrenite-Bituli.thic Pavement as herein specified. ( 0 The acceptance of bids bythe County and the letting of a contract for the same shall, for this class of pavement, be deemed by barren Brothers Company to be an accep tance of its proposal by the County and by the Contractor to whom such contract shall be awarded, and owe all that shall be necessary to bind 'barren Brothers Company to said agreement* The filing of a bid under these specifications shall be construed as an acceptance of the terras of the license agreement filed by 'barren Brothers Company, at the price fixed in said agreement which is on file with the County 0 <*• • • • ; • / <