I$05=€apiial €entennlaH905 
 
 1=^74^^ HISTORY OF THE CELEBRATION. 
 
 VERMONT STATE HOUSE, MONTPELIER. 
 
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 25c. 
 
 Published Monthly by CHARLES S. FORBES, St. Albans, Vermont. 
 
 Entered at the Post office in St. Alhans as second class mail matter. 
 
grafting wax. 
 
 ^ trWe *7 ./^ori7 ’il‘ 
 
THE CELEBRATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Centennial of the Establishment of the 
 Capital of Vermont at Montpelier 
 October 4, 1905 
 
 1IllU9trate& 
 
 BY CHARLES S. FORBES 
 
THE STATE HOUSE 
 
 Uejorated for the Centennial Celebration. 
 
:5 JACKSOW 
 
 V ,.^.\.»A 
 
 The Vermonter. 
 
 1805 MONTPELIER CENTENNIAL EDITION. 1905 
 
 Centennial of the State Capital. 
 
 Bv Charles S. Forbes. 
 
 A Vermont occupies an important place in 
 American history. Her territory was dis- 
 covered and visited by a white explorer a decade 
 before the pilgrims founded a colony at Ply- 
 mouth. A civilized settlement was established 
 on the soil of Vermont more than a hundred 
 years previous to the commencement of the 
 Revolutionary War. The first blood shed in the 
 Revolution crimsoned the ground within the 
 borders of the New Hampshire Grants. 
 
 The “Green Mountain Boys” captured the 
 first British fortress on the American continent 
 in the first war with England. Vermont was 
 the first Republic founded in the new world. 
 She was the only independent State during the 
 period of the Revolution. The “embattled 
 farmers” of the Green Mountains fought with 
 Stark at Bennington and shared in the glory 
 of the victory over the army of General Baum. 
 Vermont built war vessels for two American 
 fleets on Lake Champlain, and furnished 
 sailors to man them in battles during the first 
 and second wars with England. The heroism 
 and gallantry of Vermont soldiers and sailors 
 in the Civil War and also in the Spanish War 
 are recorded in the annals of history and re- 
 main a never fading memory in the hearts of 
 her people. “Gettysburg,” “Cedar Creek,” 
 “Manila Bay” and “Santiago” are but a few 
 of the battle names set in the coronet of vic- 
 tories in which the sons of Vermont rendered 
 conspicuous service for country and for home. 
 
 No state has a greater number of important 
 historical events in its annals than V^erniont. 
 Anniversary days commemorative of some 
 great civil or military event come and go with 
 significant frequency. The tercentenary of the 
 discovery of Lake Champlain and Vermont by 
 Samuel de Champlain, in 1609, is not far dis- 
 tant. The 24olh anniversary of the building 
 of Fort St. Anne,. by the French, on Isle La 
 
 Motte, in 1666, is at hand. The centennial 
 anniversary of the founding of the State was 
 celebrated in 1877. The one hundredth anni- 
 versary of the admission of Vermont into the 
 Union was celebrated in 1891. These are but 
 a few important events in Vermont history. 
 The anniversary of some of these have been 
 appropriately commemorated. 
 
 Vermont was a State nearly 30 years before 
 it had a permanent seat of government. The 
 legislature met annually, and sometimes often- 
 er, at divers places. It was a wandering 
 “Capital” that the members of the General 
 Assembly resorted to periodically from 1778 
 to 1807. Finally in 1805, after honoring many 
 towns by meeting within its borders the 
 legislature decided to select a permanent site 
 for its sessions. 
 
 The Capital was by act of the Legislature 
 of 1805 established at Montpelier. It was an 
 event second only in importance to the found- 
 ing of the State. The permanency of the 
 seat of the legislature gave dignity and stabil- 
 ity to the vState government from the time 
 the first State Hou.se was occupied, in 1808. 
 
 The town of Montpelier built in 1806-07 the 
 first State House in which the legislature con- 
 vened. The first capitol, a somewhat primi- 
 tive structure built of wood, was replaced in 
 1836 by a house of classic architecture, made 
 of Barre granite. This building was destroy- 
 ed by fire in 1857, but was rebuilt of granite 
 in substantially the same style the following 
 year and occupied for the first time at the leg- 
 islative session of 1859. The library annex 
 was built in 1886. 
 
 The readers of The Vermonter are familiar 
 with the general appearance of the exterior of 
 the present State House as well as the detail 
 of its interior. Hence no description of the 
 capitol building will be given in this article. 
 
4 
 
 CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 Suffice it to say that the Vermont State House 
 is one of the finest specimens of classic archi- 
 tecture in America. The exceptional beauty 
 of the edifice is remarked by all strangers visit- 
 ing Montpelier. To all Vermonters it gives 
 an impression of being an imposing and hand- 
 some structure. 
 
 The history of the founding and growth of 
 Montpelier and the story of the establishment 
 of the State capital and the building of a trio 
 of State Houses is comprehensively told in the 
 admirable centennial oration of Hon. Joseph 
 A. De Boer. The obligation devolving upon 
 the writer, therefore, is to record the centen- 
 
 period and Vermont and Vermonters have done 
 their share in the upbuilding of the State and 
 nation during these eventful 3'ears. 
 
 At this political Mecca of the Green Moun- 
 tain State have assembled annually or bien- 
 nially for practically a century the chosen 
 representatives of the freemen of our towns 
 and cities to make laws and transact public 
 business. In the legislative halls of the capi- 
 tol have frequently been heard the wisdom 
 and eloquence of Vermont’s greatest states- 
 men and political leaders. The record of the 
 years show that many patriotic measures have 
 been adopted and numerous wise laws enacted 
 
 Photo h/i Corse. STATE STREET FROM MAIN. 
 
 nial commemoration of the establishment of 
 the capital at Montpelier, in 1805. 
 
 A century looks down upon the Capital of 
 the Green Mountain State. When Montpelier 
 became the Capital of Vermont there were but 
 sixteen other capital cities in the United 
 States. Vermont was then the seventeenth 
 State in the Union in point of age. Since 
 1805 the number of states and capital cities, 
 not counting dual capitals, has been increased 
 by twenty-eight. Hence in years the capital 
 of Vermont is one of the older of the forty- five 
 State capitals. 
 
 What memories come floating down through 
 the century of time since Governor Isaac Tich- 
 enor sat in the executive chair of the State. 
 The hundred years have been a history making 
 
 by the members of the General Assembly" 
 since the establishment of the Capital at Mont- 
 pelier. Many historical occasions have been 
 commemorated within the walls of the State 
 House. 
 
 In selecting Montpelier as the Capital of the 
 State the legislature of 1805 acted wiselj’^ and 
 well. Time has demonstrated the advantages 
 of the location of the Capital at the geographi- 
 cal center of the State. Its accessibility to all 
 the people of the State, coming as they do 
 from every section, is generally recognized. 
 
 Nowhere in Vermont is there a more public 
 spirited and hospitable community than that 
 comprising Montpelier. Thrice within a cen- 
 tury have its people given most freely and 
 liberally of their resources for the construction 
 
CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 of a capitol building. The present handsome 
 and substantial State House is a grand monu- 
 ment to their enterprise and generosity. 
 
 The credit for the successful centennial 
 celebration of October 4, 1905, is due entirely 
 to Montpelier, as the State made no appropria- 
 tion for celebrating the event. In the ab- 
 sense of any action by the Legislature for the 
 observance of the anniversary day the people 
 of the Capital promptly came to the front and 
 decided to have a commemorative celebra- 
 tion. The initiative steps 'were taken at the 
 annual city meeting held March 7, when the 
 following resolution presented by former 
 
 of the citizens was called by the city council, 
 at which a special committee comprising J. W. 
 Brock, F. A. Howland and A. J. Sibley was 
 appointed to confer with the mayor and city 
 council and to report a list of names for an 
 executive committee, to a future meeting of 
 the citizens. 
 
 On June 14 this special committee reported, 
 recommended, and the citizens’ meeting elected 
 an executive committee as follows : 
 
 Mayor F. M. Corry, ex-officio, C. P. Pitkin, 
 Fred E. Smith, O. D. Clark, J. A. DeBoer, 
 George L. Blanchard, J. H. Senter, L. B. Cross, 
 A. J. Sibley, J. G. Brown, B. F. Fifield, 
 
 Photo by Corse. A VIEW ON MAIN STREET. 
 
 Mayor John H. Senter was unanimously 
 adopted : 
 
 “Whereas 100 years have passed away since 
 the Capital of the State of Vermont was estab- 
 lished in Montpelier, and it seems proper that 
 this city should take cognizance of that fact, 
 and should observe in fitting manner this 
 notable anniversary. Therefore be it resolved, 
 that the city council is hereby instructed to 
 arrange for a suitable recognition of this me- 
 morable event, and for such purpose hereby is 
 authorized to expend not to exceed $10,000. ” 
 
 During the early part of June the fir.st 
 definite steps were taken towards laying plans 
 and setting the machinery in motion that 
 would bring about the celebration. A meeting 
 
 G. O. vStratton. G. W. Wing, H. W. Kemp, 
 J. M. Boutwell, A. D. Farwell, O. H. Richard- 
 son, F. E. vSteele, INI. W. Wheelock. 
 
 Into the hands of this committee the entire 
 matter of arranging the celebration was placed. 
 The committee organized by the election of 
 C. P. Pitkin as chairman, and O. D. Clark as 
 secretary, and A. D. P'arwell as treasurer. 
 
 Subsequent to this meeting, the executive 
 committee appointed a sub-committee consist- 
 ing of Hon. Joseph A. DeBoer, A. J. Sibley 
 and G. L. Blanchard to prepare and submit 
 an outline plan for the centennial celebration. 
 On June 24 the sub- committee reported, and 
 the programme was the result of its deliber- 
 ations. 
 
6 
 
 CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITx\L 
 
 The meeting of June 24 saw also the ap- 
 pointment of sub-committees by the executive 
 committee. The nature and membership was as 
 follows ; 
 
 Finance Committee — A. J. Sibley, chairman; 
 Charles Dewey, Fred Blanchard, B. F. Fifield, 
 Albert W. Ferrin, W. E. Adams, T. J. Deavitt, 
 Edward D. Hyde, F. W. Morse, E. H. Deavitt, 
 Clark King. 
 
 Committee on Speakers — H. \V. Kemp, 
 chairman ; J. Edward Wright, J. H. Senter, 
 F. A. Howland, George Atkins, F. L. Laird, 
 W. E. Ranger, Hiram Carleton, William A. 
 
 Committee on Music — C. P. Pitkin, chair- 
 man; T. R. Merrill, George H. Wilder, 
 Charles F. Lowe, James B. Estee, A. C. Blan- 
 chard, William E. Harlow, John W. Peck, F. 
 A. Sherburne, James T. vSabin. 
 
 Committee on Printing and Publicity — C. 
 A. G. Jackson, chairman; Geo. W. Wing, 
 William T. Dewe}', Frank Howe, Dr. C. E. 
 Chandler, Charles F. Buswell, E. D. Field, 
 Edward A. Nutt, Dean Edson, S. S. Ballard, 
 H. C. Shurtleff, Alexander Broadfoot. 
 
 Committee on Transportation — B. B. Bailey, 
 chairman; L. P. Gleason, J. G. Farwell, M. E. 
 
 LOOKING UP -MAIN STREET. 
 
 Photo hi/ Corsp. 
 
 Lord, E. A. Bishop, J. A. DeBoer, Janies S. 
 Haley. 
 
 Committee on Militar}’ and Civic Parade — 
 O. D. Clark, chairman ; A. G. Eaton, W. 
 A. Pettee, Clarence H. Senter. P'red Thomas, 
 John Burgen, Jesse S. \dles, A. C. Brown, C. 
 D. iSIather, Charles H. Heaton, Julius Volholm, 
 L. Bart Cross, Fred Connor and John O. 
 Adams. 
 
 Committee on Decorations and Fireworks — 
 James W. Brock, chairman ; Arthur D. Far- 
 well, H. M. Cutler, H. J. Gutchell, Joseph G. 
 Brown, R. C. Bowers, H. J. M. Jones. J. M. 
 Boutwell, L. B. Brooks, George 1^. Blanchard, 
 George B. Walton, E. P. Coleman, Levi Bix- 
 by, F. I.. Pratt, ¥. R. Dawley, Clark B- Ro- 
 berts. 
 
 Smilie, Henry Holt, Robert AVhelan, D. F. 
 Ryle, F. A. Dwinell, Albert Johonott, H. E. 
 Fifield, John Emmons, Jr, J. P. Galleher. 
 
 Committee on Entertainment — George K. 
 Putnam, chairman; J. E. Bailey, Richard H. 
 Standish, Paul Dillingham, James Kelleher, 
 Redfield T. Phillips, John Flanagan, E. M. 
 Harvey, Clifton M. Heaton, George C. Bai- 
 lee', J. Eli Goodenongh. 
 
 The Centennial observance commemorative 
 of the establishment of the Capital at Mont- 
 pelier has passed into history as one of the 
 greatest and most successful celebrations that 
 Vermont ever witnessed. The occasion was 
 deserving of the recognition it received from 
 the 30,000 or more lo^'al Vermonters present 
 from outside the borders of Montpelier. The 
 
CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 members of the different local committees are 
 to be congratulated on the complete arrange- 
 ments made for the celebration as well as for 
 the admirable manner in which the}’ were 
 carried out. The citizens of Montpelier are 
 deserving of much praise for their liberal ap- 
 propriation of money for the celebration and 
 also for the attractiveness of the decorations 
 everywhere displayed. The display of bunt- 
 ing, flags and patriotic emblems was exten- 
 sive and elaborate, nearly every private resi- 
 dence and business block being decorated. 
 The Centennial ball on the eve of the celebra- 
 tion was a brilliant social affair and a fitting 
 prelude to the events of the following day. 
 
 music furnished by the different bands during 
 the day and evening. The band concerts were 
 especially fine. The electrical displays on the 
 State House, the Pavilion and on other build- 
 ings were novel and elaborate, and attracted 
 much attention. The extensive and beautiful 
 exhibition of fireworks on the Langdon 
 meadow formed a fitting climax to a grand 
 celebration. 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL BALL. 
 
 The Centennial ball at Armory hall on the 
 evening of October 3, was a fitting and auspi- 
 cious opening of the anniversary celebration 
 on the following day. The hall was beauti- 
 
 Photo hy W. B. Stratton. u. S. CAVALRY FROM FORT ETHAN ALLEN. 
 
 The historical exercises at Armory Hall on 
 the morning of centennial day were impres- 
 sive and memorable. The Centennial address 
 by Hon. Joseph A. DeBoer was worthy of the 
 occasion and one of the best efforts of the 
 gifted orator. The Centennial parade was of 
 an imposing order and its varied and pictur- 
 esque character has seldom, if ever, been sur- 
 passed on any previous occasion in Vermont. 
 
 The legislative reunion in the afternoon at 
 Armory Hall was a noteworthy feature of the 
 day, and the reminiscences related by repre- 
 sentative legislators present were very inter- 
 esting. The singing of the male chorus under 
 the direction of Prof. A. J. Phillips at Armory 
 hall deserves particular commendation. A 
 delightful feature of the celebration was the 
 
 fully decorated with soft tinted green and 
 white bunting gracefully festooned. Other 
 attractive decorations were the National colors 
 in flag effects. At the front of the hall was 
 suspended an artistic blue panel on which ap- 
 peared in gold letters “1805 Centennial Ball 
 1905.” The walls were hung with Japanese 
 and muriel panels. The refreshment room on 
 the second floor was prettily decorated in pink 
 and green colors, with foliage, plants and 
 flowers in profusion on all sides. The decorat- 
 ing in this room was done by a committee of 
 young ladies, of which Miss Florence Corry 
 was chairman. The stage was a bower of 
 ferns and potted plants. It was occupied by 
 Wilder’s orchestra of 14 pieces, w’hich furnish- 
 ed splendid music for the occasion. 
 
8 
 
 CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 The grand march was “Montpelier Centen- 
 nial,” an invigorating composition written 
 especially for the occasion by George H. 
 Wilder. The dance programme contained six- 
 teen numbers, waltzes, two-steps, a five-step, 
 a plain quadrille, Virginia reel and Portland 
 fancy. 
 
 Some loo couples participated in the grand 
 march. Col. O. D. Clark and Captain A. G. 
 Eaton were the marshals. The march was 
 led by Governor C. J. and Mrs. Bell, followed 
 by Adjutant- General W. H. Gilmore and Mrs. 
 Gilmore, Judge Advocate- General N. G. Wil- 
 
 Brattleboro. The leading society people of 
 Montpelier were represented in large numbers. 
 Many handsome gowns were worn by the 
 ladies. Dainty refreshments were served dur- 
 ing the evening by a committee of ladies un- 
 der the charge of Mrs. G. K. Putnam. The 
 punch table was in charge of Mrs. A. W. Fer- 
 rin. The ball was a brilliant aftair and a pro- 
 nounced success. It was given under the 
 auspices and management of the Centennial 
 Ball Association, of which Mrs. F. M. Corry 
 was president and Mrs. J. A. DeBoer, chair- 
 man. 
 
 Photo hy E. li. Etaisted UNITED STATES CAVALRY BAND. 
 
 Hams and Miss Williams, Col. C. W. Scarff 
 and Miss Adine Bell, Major Wilbur F. Wilder, 
 U. S. A., and Miss Jennie Bell, Surgeon-Gen- 
 eral W. E. Putnam and Mrs. Putnam, Col. M. 
 B. Roberts and Mrs. Roberts, Col. Nelson A. 
 Dole and Mrs. Dole, Col. PTanklin S. Billings 
 and Mrs. Billings and Col. IMerton D. Wells 
 and Mrs. Wells. 
 
 Among other prominent persons in atten- 
 dance at the Centennial ball were Mayor Frank 
 M. Corry and Mrs. Corry of Montpelier, Major 
 H. W. Hovey, U. S. A., and Mrs. Hovey, 
 Hon. James L. Martin and Mrs. Martin of 
 Brattleboro ; Hon. George Aitken and Miss 
 Aitken, of Woodstock, Hon. Frederick G. 
 Fleetwood of Morrisville, Hon. John L. Bacon 
 of Hartford and Hon. George W. Pierce of 
 
 THE celebration. 
 
 Capital Centennial day was ushered in with 
 a sunrise salute of eighteen guns by Norwich 
 University Cadets and reveille sounded from 
 the bugles of United States regulars. 
 
 The bending arches of the skies were bright 
 and blue and old Sol smiled with rare efful- 
 gence upon the scene of the celebration. Na- 
 ture in her brilliant-hued forests on the hills 
 vied with man’s decorative handiwork display- 
 ed within the gates of the Capital City. Mont- 
 pelier was literally embowered in bunting and 
 flags and emblems of patriotism. Portraits 
 were spread on the broad walls of some of 
 the larsre buildings, likenesses of some of 
 the great men of the State and Nation. The 
 
CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 9 
 
 entire length of State, Main and many other 
 streets were gaily decorated with cross arms 
 and streamers of red, white and blue. The 
 decorations were so general and extensive 
 throughout the city that any detailed descrip- 
 tion would include nearly every residence and 
 business block in INIontpelier. The illustra- 
 tions appearing in this history will give our 
 readers something of an idea of the artistic 
 character as well as the extent of the decora- 
 tions. These views are representative of the 
 decorative features of the celebration. 
 
 The crowning gem in the galaxy of decorat- 
 ed buildings was the State House. From 
 the statue of Ceres on the dome to the 
 
 tions and followed the outlines of the noble 
 structure. The glow of a myriad of electric 
 lights made a scene of matchless splendor at 
 night. Illuminated fountains in colors on the 
 State House grounds added to the brilliancy of 
 the night scene. 
 
 But to return to the scenes of early morning. 
 The latchstring of Montpelier had been out 
 for several days preceding the celebration and 
 the freedom of the city had been enjoyed by 
 many visitors before the eventful fourth of 
 October. But the Capital saw another sight 
 as the “Vermonters .come down” from the 
 hillsides and valleys of the Green Mountain 
 State. The incoming regular and special pass- 
 
 rholo hy K. 11. rhiisted UNI TED STATl.S ARTIEIJ-RV FROM FORT ETHAN AFFEN. 
 
 foundation walls the immense structure was 
 one mass of color, skillfully blended into a 
 harmonious scheme. A series of arches cov- 
 ered with bunting formed the base of the 
 dome’s curve. The roof line was marked by 
 the same material. The right and left wings 
 bore double concentric festoons, while in the 
 center was the flag-framed coat of arms of Ver- 
 mont. The State seal was also seen peeping 
 from a mass of bunting over the main en- 
 trance. The massive white pillars of the 
 porch were covered with a rich crimson cloth 
 around which were twined ropes of the beauti- 
 ful laurel, fresh and green. 
 
 Beautiful as was the capitol building by day- 
 light it was far more attractive in the darkness 
 of the night. Thousands of incandescent 
 lights were placed in the folds of the decora- 
 
 enger trains over the Central Vermont and 
 the Montpelier and Wells River railways were 
 laden to the limit of the coaches. Thousands 
 of people arrived at the Capital by private con- 
 veyances; in carriages, wagons and automo- 
 biles. The Montpelier and Barre electric road 
 brought thousands more. The crowd filled the 
 principal streets and thronged other thorough- 
 fares. It was a vast assemblage of intelligent, 
 patriotic and loyal Vermont men and women. 
 
 The freedom of the city was not abused the 
 live long day by any one of the visiting 
 thousands on this centennial occasion. 
 
 The opening band concert of the day was 
 given in front of Armory hall by the Mont- 
 pelier Military band and delighted a large 
 crowd. At the same time fine concerts were 
 given in the vState street stand by Sherman’s 
 
10 
 
 CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 Military band of Burlington and the Ver- 
 gennes city band. IMeanwhile the people were 
 gathering at Armorj' hall for the historical 
 exercises of the day. The beautifully decorat- 
 ed hall, elsewhere described, was filled to its 
 fullest capacity when the exercises began. 
 
 Seated upon the platform were many dis- 
 tinguished Vermonters. Among the number 
 were Oovernor Charles J. Bell, Senator Red- 
 field Proctor, Senator Wm. P. Dillingham, 
 Congressman Kittredge Haskins, Ex-Governor 
 John E. Barstow, Ex-Governor E. J. Ormsbee, 
 Ex-Governor Edward C. Smith, Ex-Governor 
 Wm. W. Stickney, Lieutenant Governor 
 
 C. Fitts, State Superintendent of Education 
 Mason S. Stone, Inspector of Finance L. A. 
 Cobb, State Tax Commissioner J. E. Cush- 
 man, State Highway Commissioner C. W. 
 Gates, Railroad Commissioners Fuller C. 
 vSmith, Henry S. Bingham and George T. 
 Howard, F'ish and Game Commissioner 
 Henry G. Thomas, Dr. Charles S. Caverly, 
 Dr. H. D. Holton and Dr. T. R. Stiles of the 
 State Board of Health. 
 
 Among federal ofiScials present were District 
 Attornej^ James L. Martin, Marshal Horace 
 W. Bailey, Bank Examiner Frank L. Fish, 
 and Collector of Customs Olin Merrill. 
 
 Photo bii Stratton MONTPKLIKK MILITARY BAND AND THE VERMONT NATIONAL GUARD. 
 
 Charles H. Stearns, Ex Lieutenant Governor 
 Z. M. Mansur, Ex-Lieutenant Governor N. W. 
 Fisk, Ex-Lieutenant Governor M. F. Allen, 
 Ex-Lieutenant Governor Zed S. Stanton ; Ser- 
 geant at-Arms J. W. Brock, Adjutant and 
 Quartermaster General Wm. H. Gilmore, 
 Judge Advocate General N. G. Williams, Sur- 
 geon General W. E. Putnam, and Col. M. B. 
 Roberts, Col. C. W. Scarff, Col. Frederick 
 Billings, Col. M. D. Wells and Col. Nelson A. 
 Dole of the staff of Governor Bell ; Secretary 
 of State Frederick G. Fleetwood, Ex-Secretary 
 of State C. W. Brownell, Ex-Secretary of State 
 F. A. Howland, State Treasurer John L. Bacon, 
 Ex-State Treasurer Wm. H. Du Bois, State 
 Auditor Horace P'. Graham, Ex -State Auditor 
 E. Henry Powell, Ex-State Auditor, F'. D. 
 Hale, Ex -Speaker Fletcher D. Proctor, Clerk, 
 Thomas C. Cheney, Attorney-General Clark 
 
 Among other distinguished Vermonters pre- 
 sent was Rear-Admiral Charles E. Clark, U. 
 S. N. (retired.) 
 
 The orator of the day, Hon. Joseph A. De 
 Boer, and Mayor Frank M. Corry of Montpel- 
 ier occupied the center of the platform. Mayor 
 Corry presided at the Armory hall meeting. 
 
 The Montpelier Military band opened the 
 exercises with the overture to Thalia by Men- 
 delssohn. Rev. J. Edward Wright, pastor of 
 the Church of the Messiah, then offered the 
 following prayer; 
 
 “ O God, our Father, and our fathers’ God! 
 Centuries may come and go, and generations 
 rise and fall, but Thou art from everlasting to 
 everlasting, eternally the same. In the midst 
 of our rejoicings we would reverently look to 
 Thee. While we recount the deeds of our an- 
 cestors, and honor departed worth, we would 
 
CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 11 
 
 remember what Thou has done for us. Some 
 have planted, and others have watered, but it 
 was Thou who gavest the increase. Except 
 the Lord had built the city, they had labored 
 in vain who built it. 
 
 We read the records of the past, we listen to 
 the utterances of the present, — but now we 
 would await Thy word ; we would give heed to 
 Thy voice. Tell us once more, we entreat Thee, 
 what is of chief worth. Speak to us the lan- 
 guage of eternity. Convince us of the things 
 of the Spirit. Make plain to us, who yet have 
 work to do, the path in which we should walk. 
 Inspire us with noble ambitions. Quicken in 
 us a sense of duty to those who may come after 
 us. Fill us with zeal for the establishment of 
 
 bration. The city rejoices in the one hun- 
 dredth anniversar}’ of the establishment of the 
 State House in this city. No event of such 
 importance has taken place in Montpelier 
 within one hundred years. 
 
 On this stage to day are many of the repre- 
 sentative men of our State, gathered here on 
 the invitation of our citizens to help us cele- 
 brate this grand event. This is not a Montpelier 
 celebration; it is a State celebration, and I 
 thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for coming 
 here to-day and helping us to celebrate. 
 Without your co-operation it would not be a 
 success. 
 
 I notice that around this hall we have a 
 great many of our Vermonters on canvas 
 
 riaisted^^^^^ ALLEN CO. NO. I, ALGONQUIN TRIBE, I. O. R. M., ST. JOHNSBURY. 
 
 better conditions than those we have inherited. 
 
 Make us freshly conscious of the glorious 
 privilege we share in being laborers together 
 with our God. Thus may we, in our day and 
 generation, and in this city of our love, do 
 something for the fulfillment of our Master’s 
 prayer, — “Thy Kingdom come.” For Thine 
 is the Kingdom, and Thine is the power, and 
 to Thee shall be the glory, evermore. Amen. ” 
 
 The male chorus then sang “To Thee, 
 
 Oh Country.” 
 
 ADDRESS OF WELCOME BY MAYOR CORRY. 
 
 Ladies and gentlemen. His Excellency, 
 
 Governor Bell ; Admiral Clark ; our United 
 States’ vSenators: — In behalf of our city I ex- 
 tend to you a hearty greeting. 
 
 Our whole city rejoices in this grand cele- 
 
 We have some in the flesh. We have Our 
 Admiral Clark with us to-day (Applause.) 
 We would like to have had Admiral Dewey, 
 but it was not to be. You have heard the 
 voices of the cannons this morning; you will 
 also hear the ringing of the bells, and one ot 
 the best bells that is rung all over the State 
 is Charles J. Bell, His Excellency, whom I in- 
 troduce to you to-day. (Applause.) 
 
 GOVERNOR bell’s SPEECH. 
 
 Mr. Mayor, Admiral Clark, Gentlemen (ad- 
 dressing Senators Proctor and Dillingham), 
 ladies and gentlemen: 
 
 There is one thing that I very much regret 
 this morning. Thirty-five years ago to-day I 
 drove into Montpelier with my bride; I wish 
 it had been just sixty-five years more so that 
 
12 
 
 CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 I could have celebrated my hundredth anni- 
 versary with this celebration of to-day. (Ap- 
 plause.) 
 
 I certainly am proud and delighted to come 
 before you this autumn morning. One driv- 
 ing through Grand Old Vermont yesterday or 
 to-day, with the picture that every forest is 
 displaying, sees something that will make 
 him love his country if anything will; a 
 picture men and women may travel the world 
 over and not see equalled; a picture that one 
 will love and remember and revere; a picture 
 that will make men and women grow nobler, 
 and better year by year. 
 
 late, that is, as well as they do now. I pre- 
 sume that they did not adjourn Friday noon 
 and go home over Sunday. The legislature 
 convened for the week, and rested over Sunday 
 and attended church in Montpelier, and when 
 their duties were over returned to their homes 
 and reported to their constituents. The tele- 
 graph, the telephone, the daily paper were 
 then unknown, and I hardly know — they must 
 have been the best of men else they could not 
 have legislated intelligently for their constitu- 
 ents; they could not have been reminded of 
 their duty as frequently as now. 
 
 Vermont legislatures have always been hon- 
 
 Photo hjj E. It. Plaisted BATTALION OF NORWICH UNIVERSITY CADETS. 
 
 I am glad to come before you this morning 
 on this occasion, to celebrate our one hun- 
 dredth anniversary of the State Capital. One 
 hundred years ago we did not know so much 
 about what Vermont would amount to as we 
 know to-day. Of course, with the record of 
 Ethan Allen and the soldiers of his day, we 
 knew that it would amount to something. 
 Vermont started early to vote. One hundred 
 years ago, with all her forests, there were two 
 hundred and five towns represented in the 
 legislature. I notice that some of them came 
 down to the legislature with not so large a 
 vote as they have now. They had just as 
 large a majority, but not so large a vote. 
 They started the week before, some on horse- 
 back, some on foot; didn’t even bring the 
 ladies with them; didn’t knowhow to legis- 
 
 est; they have a proud record in this particu- 
 lar. Where have you such men as have been 
 named here this morning ? And the record of 
 Vermont is a proud record. Why, one hun- 
 dred years ago, my friends, the legislature 
 met in Caledonia County, in Danville, and 
 that legislature started them right for the 
 hundred years to follow. Nowadays the leg- 
 islature is a little different than one hundred 
 years ago; it has changed somewhat. We 
 convene in October, and not only the members 
 of the legislature come up, but some of their 
 constituents come to start them. The ladies 
 come, and I am quite inclined to think that 
 the ladies have as much influence with the 
 Vermont legislature now as they would if they 
 voted in the September meeting. (Applause.) 
 
 We are proud of Vermont, always proud and 
 
CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 31 
 
 happy of it, of its record, and of its people. 
 We love the dear old State. It has always 
 been loyal to the best principles of good gov- 
 ernment, it has always been loyal to good citi- 
 zenship, and to the home that makes the citi- 
 zenship. We, as a loyal people, do not really 
 understand what dignity the voter possesses; 
 what his responsibilities are. We sometimes 
 hardly think it is necessary perhaps to go to 
 the polls; but what does it mean to be a voter, 
 did 3"ou ever think of it gentlemen and ladies? 
 We are a great country. Our flags floats over 
 a country that has not its equal on earth. 
 Our flag is an emblem that we are ready to die 
 for, we are ready to fight for, and we love it 
 dearl}^ — a flag that is honored by all nations 
 
 mont, in September, we had an election 
 once in two years that the United States 
 were watching for, and as Vermont voted 
 in September, so the great states of our 
 nation voted in November. Vermont leads 
 the world, my friends, to-day. (Laughter 
 and applause). So my friends, we must real- 
 ize the dignity of the situation here, celebrat- 
 ing our one hundredth anniversary : we must 
 realize what it means to be a citizen of Ver- 
 mont, with its beautiful and comfortable 
 homes, with its happy people, with its pros- 
 perity in agriculture and in manufacturing, 
 in its quarries — all of us as happy and pros- 
 perous as God ever permitted people to be ; 
 and let us continue to believe that Vermont’s 
 
 Photo hy W.B. Stratton 
 
 THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. 
 
 of the world. We have a Roosevelt, a presi- 
 dent (applaUvSe) that never had his equal ; we 
 have an Admiral Clark (applause), something 
 that we are proud of ; we have a Senator Proc- 
 tor (applause), and a Senator Dillingham 
 (applause), that are still at work for the vState 
 of Vermont. Did you ever realize my friends, 
 what it means to be a voter in Vermont? 
 
 I told them over in Maine two weeks ago 
 that while Vermont was modest (laughter), 
 and honest (laughter), we were in our modesty 
 saying, that with all the great United vStates, 
 with all due respect to Massachusetts for 
 her laws; with all due respect to the great 
 men of Maine, and the State of New York, 
 and the Great West, and the South Land, 
 Vermont to-day controlled the w’orld. (Laugh- 
 ter and applause.) I said that up in Ver- 
 
 history in the next one hundred years, and I 
 presume there will not be one of you present 
 at that celebration — will, in the future, be 
 equal to its history in the past, one of the 
 best States of this great nation. (Continued 
 applause.) 
 
 Mayor Corry in presenting the orator of the 
 day said : 
 
 Montpelier appreciates that grand stone 
 building up on the hill ; the citizens of this 
 State appreciate it ; we are proud to have it 
 there. One hundred years ago the legislators 
 that met at Danville, if they were alive to-day, 
 would have said that they looked into the 
 future. All over the State, wherever you go, 
 where is there a handsomer spot than IVIont- 
 pelier ? 
 
 Vermont has alwa^^s been noted for its pub- 
 
14 
 
 CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 lie spirited men, men who have taken pains to 
 come here each year and go to the legislature, 
 and make laws that have been kept. The 
 trouble with most of the laws is, they are not 
 enforced ; you sometimes have to use a great 
 big stick to enforce them, but they are en- 
 forced. 
 
 In this city our people take an interest in 
 its public affairs; they go to the town meetings 
 and elect their representatives and their 
 mayors. In the election of a candidate for any 
 office they select, as they think, the best 
 amongst those men that attend the meetings. 
 Among those who attended the meetings about 
 
 at the piano. The singers were as follows: 
 
 First tenors, L. H. Griffith, George Mitchell, 
 Barre; H. Edward Slayton, Montpelier. 
 
 Second tenors, Fred E. Keegan, G. A. 
 Knapp, A. J. Phillips, Montpelier. 
 
 First basses, Herman D. Hopkins, Perley 
 E. Pope. Frank R Pitkin, Montpelier. 
 
 Second basses, W. D. Shaul, John Angus, 
 Barre; W. S. Smith, Montpelier. 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL PARADE. 
 
 The Centennial parade was a very attractive 
 feature of the celebration. It was the largest 
 and finest procession of any kind ever before 
 
 twenty years ago I remember well there was 
 one young man that always took an interest. 
 Whatever he said it was to the point. Every- 
 one followed his advice, and right on through 
 to this time. In our city we have some of the 
 largest financial institutions in the State. We 
 have our banks, our insurance companies and 
 our merchants, and everyone of them do a 
 thriving business. Every state and every 
 city has its Roosevelt; the city of Montpelier 
 has its Roosevelt in the Hon. Joseph A. 
 DeBoer, whom I introduce to you. 
 
 Hon. Joseph A. De Boer was then presented 
 by ]\Iayor Corry as the orator of the day. 
 
 During the exercises the male chorus sang 
 Keller’s “American Hymn” and “Hark The 
 Trumpet Calleth ” under the directorship of 
 A. J. Phillips. Miss Laura A. Rugg presided 
 
 witnessed at the Capital. With one or two 
 exceptions it has never been equalled in extent 
 and character on any previous occasion in Ver- 
 mont. There were represented in the parade 
 a score of different bodies and orders, including 
 military and civic organizations and fraternal 
 societies. The number of men in the parade 
 exceeded 3,000, and they were accompanied by 
 seven bands of music. There were many strik- 
 ing features in the procession. The military 
 division attracted much attention. The first 
 section was composed of two squadrons of eight 
 troops of United States Cavalry, and two bat- 
 teries of six guns each of United States 
 Artillery, from Fort Ethan Allen. The reg- 
 ulars numbered 700 officers and men, with 650 
 horses, and made an imposing spectacle. 
 
 The second section of military comprised a 
 
CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 battalion of the Vermont National Guard, con- 
 sisting of Co. E, Barre; Co. F, Northfield, and 
 Co. H, Montpelier. The National Guard bat- 
 talion consisted of 150 officers and men and 
 made a highly creditable appearance. The 
 Norwich University Cadets came next. This 
 corps of cadets from the Military College of 
 the State formed a battalion of three com- 
 panies, with a battery of light artillery. They 
 mustered 128 officers and men, and marched 
 with the precision of regulars. 
 
 The cadets forming the Montpelier High 
 School and the Montpelier Seminary battalions 
 showed that they possessed the true military 
 spirit as they marched through the streets of 
 the Capital. 
 
 The civic division was composed of uni- 
 formed bodies of various orders and organiza- 
 tions. This section of the parade was of a 
 striking and attractive character. The hand- 
 some uniforms and beautiful regalias worn by 
 Knights Templars, Knights of Pythias, Patri- 
 archs Militant, Modern Woodmen and Red 
 Men made a brilliant spectacle. The march- 
 ing of all these different uniformed bodies was 
 very fine and each in turn attracted much 
 attention. There were seven commanderies of 
 Knights Templars in the parade, with the 
 officers of the Grand Commandery and nearly 
 500 Sir Knights. The Knights of Pythias 
 were represented by six companies of the 
 uniform rank, mustering 165 men. 
 
 The Patriarchs Militant, I. O. O. F., were 
 represented by 6 cantons and detachments 
 from 3 cantons, mustering about 175 men. 
 
 The Modern Woodmen of America had 7 
 camps, with 140 men, in the paride. 
 
 The Improved Order of Red Men were rep- 
 resented by Pffhan Allen Company No. i, of 
 Algonquin Tribe No. 9, of St. Johnsbury. 
 This is the first and only company of Red 
 Men in Vermont. 
 
 The Washington County Veterans’ Associa- 
 tion, composed of veterans of the Civil and 
 Spanish Wars, and Sons of Veterans, turned 
 out nearly 300 strong. They were cheered all 
 along the line of march by the spectators. 
 The veterans were commanded by Col. H. J. 
 Foster, assisted by Captain John R. Wilson. 
 
 The last feature of the parade was a float 
 containing members of the East Montpelier 
 Grange, Patrons of Husbandry. 
 
 The bands in the parade consisted of the 
 Fifteenth Cavalry band from Fort PAhan 
 
 15 
 
 Allen , the Montpelier ^Military band, the 
 Sherman Military band, the St. Johnsbury 
 band, the Barton Cornet band and the Ver- 
 gennes City band. The music furnished for 
 the parade was exceptionally fine and each 
 band played in a manner that won the praise 
 of all who heard them. 
 
 The official reviewing stand was in front of 
 the office building of the Vermont Mutual Fire 
 Insurance Company, on State Street. The 
 procession after parading the principal streets 
 passed in review before Governor Bell, Mayor 
 Corry, Admiral Clark and other occupants of 
 the stand. 
 
 MAYOR FRANK M. CORKY. OF MONTPELIER. 
 
 REUNION OF YERMONT LEGISLATORS. 
 
 The third decennial meeting of the Ver- 
 mont Legislative Reunion Association was a 
 prominent feature of Centennial day at the 
 Capital. This organization was formed 30 
 years ago. and its membership consists of the 
 senators and ex-senators, representatives and 
 ex-representatives and officers and ex-officers 
 of thevState Government. The meeting of 1905 
 was held at the Armory on the afternoon ot 
 October 4. Seated upon the platform were the 
 officers of the Association and many distin- 
 guished present and former .State officers and 
 legislators. P'ully 800 members of past legis- 
 latures were present. Seated upon the plat- 
 form were ( lovernor Bell, Lieut-Gov. Stearns, 
 Secretary of .State I'leetwood, State Treasurer 
 Bacon, .State Auditor Graham, House Clerk 
 Cheney, former Governors Dillingham, Bars- 
 
1 () 
 
 CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 tow, Pi agree, Ormsbee and Stickney ; former 
 Lieutenant-Governors Stanton, Allen, Fisk 
 and Mansur ; former Speakers Martin, Lord, 
 Haskins and Proctor ; ex-State Treasurer 
 DuBois, Ex-State Auditors Powell and Hale, 
 Ex Secretaries of State, Brownell and Howland 
 and other prominent members of the Associa- 
 tion, The President, Hon. Wni. P, Dilling- 
 ham, Governor of Vermont 1888 90, and now 
 United States Senator, presided at the meeting. 
 
 Senator Dillingham in opening the meeting 
 feelingly spoke of the pleasure it gave him to 
 renew the charming old acquaintances of years 
 
 Members of the Legislative Reunion Society". 
 
 As a resident of Montpelier for more than 
 fifty years and as a member of the Vermont 
 Senates of 1886 and 1888, I extend to you all 
 a cordial and hearty welcome to the City and 
 to this Reunion, assuring you that as our 
 people were glad to see you when you first 
 came to take your seats in the General Assem- 
 bly, so we now bid you a glad welcome and 
 thank you for coming to aid us in celebrating 
 our one hundredth anniversary as the Capital 
 of Vermont. In the absence of his Honor, 
 the Mayor, I welcome you to the city and pro- 
 
 THE SENATE CHAMBER. 
 
 gone by. In the course of his remarks he 
 summed up the reasons why Vermonters have 
 a right to be proud of their State and its Legis- 
 lature and to boast among themselves concern- 
 ing both; the stock from which Vermont is 
 come represented the best in educational ideas 
 and training and the purest democratic prin- 
 ciples of any that formed the origins of the 
 different states. Graft, ignorance and all forms 
 of corruption and baseness are wholly foreign 
 to the blood that flows in the veins of Ver- 
 monters. 
 
 Col. P'red E. Smith, cordially welcomed 
 the association to Montpelier. He said: Mr. 
 President, his Ivxcellenc}^ the Governor, and 
 
 mise that we will do everything in our power 
 to make your stay pleasant and profitable, and 
 as often as you shall — by virtue of your wit 
 and wisdom — be selected to represent your 
 constituency in any branch of future Legis- 
 latures, you shall find a warm and hearty wel- 
 come to Montpelier. 
 
 The president made a brief response and in- 
 troduced as the first speaker Gov. C. J. 
 Bell, whose remarks bore no uncertain note as 
 to his belief in the Vermont legislature, past, 
 present and to come. 
 
 Ex-Gov. John L. Barstow spoke of his in- 
 timate association with 10 sessions of the 
 Legislature and highly praised the character 
 
CENTENNIAL OF THE STATE CAPITAL 
 
 IT 
 
 and ability of the men who constituted the 
 membership. 
 
 The other speakers and the session that 
 each represented were as follows : Hon. Kit- 
 tredge Haskins, 1872; Hon. E. Henry Powell, 
 1874; Hon. James L. Martin, 1878; Ex-Gov- 
 ernor S. E. Pingree, 1884 ; Ex-Lieut. Gov. 
 Z. M. Mansur, 1886 ; Ex-Lieut. Gov. N. W. 
 Fisk, 1888 and 1896; Ex Gov. W. W. Stickney, 
 1892 ; Hon. F. D. Hale, 1900; Hon. Hale K. 
 Darling, 1904. 
 
 Music for the reunion was furnished by a 
 male glee club under the direction of Prof. 
 A. J. Phillips. 
 
 penter; Washington, Andrew J. Sibley; Wind- 
 ham, George W. Pierce; Windsor, William W. 
 Stickney. Sergeant-at-arms, James W. Brock; 
 assistants, Wayne Bailey, Plerbert E. Taylor; 
 chaplain, Rev. Guy C. Lamson ; doorkeepers, 
 Lee W. Ravlin, Allen D. Ball, James L. Miner, 
 Bradley N. Chase. 
 
 The crowning feature of the celebration was 
 the grand display of fireworks in the evening 
 on Langdon Meadow. It was witnessed by a 
 large crowd of people and proved to be one of 
 the finest pyrotechnic displays ever seen in 
 Vermont. The exhibition opened with a grand 
 salute of aerial guns which exploded at a 
 
 HALL OF THF HOUSP: OF REFRFSFNTATI VPLS. 
 
 The officers of the Vermont LegivSlative 
 Reunion Association, nearly all of whom were 
 present at the meeting, are as follows: Presi- 
 dent, William P. Dillingham; vice presidents, 
 William H. Fullerton, Janies L. Martin, 
 Zophar M. Mansur ; treasurer, Janies W, 
 Brock; corresponding secretary, ITed A. How- 
 land; recording secretary, Thomas C. Cheney; 
 Pvxecutive committee, by counties: Addison, 
 Charles H. Lane ; Bennington, Henry vS. 
 Bingham; Caledonia, Truman R. Stiles; Chit- 
 tenden, Chauncey W. Brownell; Essex, P'rank- 
 lin D. Hale ; Franklin, Olin Merrill ; Grand 
 Isle, Nelson W. P'isk; Lamoille, Carroll S. 
 Page ; Orange, Curtis S. Emery ; Orleans, 
 George T. Howard; Rutland, Henry O. Car- 
 
 height of 1,000 feet. This was followed by 
 the ascension ot four large balloons carrying 
 magnesium lights which exploded at a great 
 height and showered the heavens with multi- 
 colored lights. Then came two .set pieces, 
 “Welcome to our GuevSts,” and a shield and 
 motto, “October 4,’’ terminating with a grand 
 salute. The divSplay continued with immeUvSe 
 water spout; ffock of revolving pigeons; meteor 
 storm; opening fan covering a space of 100 
 lineal feet; vState coat of arms; polka galopade 
 sun burst; Ionic column with motto, “Capital, 
 1805-1905“; 500 feet of prismiatic display; the 
 photospheres ; grand finale repre.senting the 
 original State house the present capitol build- 
 ing. P'ollowed by the motto “Good Night.” 
 
HON. JOSEPH A. DE BOER, CENTENNIAL ORATOR. 
 
 Born June 17, 1861, in the little Dutch vil- 
 lage of Warflfuni. 
 
 Orphaned when four years old by the death 
 of his father. 
 
 Immigrated with his mother to America 
 when seven, settling in Albany. 
 
 1870 to 1880 a student in the schools of Al- 
 bany and in 1884 a graduate from Dartmouth. 
 
 1885 Master in the Holderness School for 
 Boys. 
 
 1886-9 Brincipal of the Montpelier Public 
 vSchools. 
 
 1889 made Actuary of the National Life In- 
 surance Company, and thereafter steadily pro- 
 moted in that institution till his election as 
 President in 1902. 
 
 1889 a founder of the Actuarial Society of 
 America. 
 
 1900 - 2 State Senator from Washington 
 County. 
 
 1905 appointed Chairman of Commission on 
 Permanent State School Fund. 
 
 ^T^HP^SK facts distinguish but in no sense 
 ^ adequately describe a Vermonter who, 
 at the age of forty-four, may fairly be said to 
 have no superior in America in the knowledge 
 of the principles and practice of life insurance. 
 
 Mr. De Boer’s success is due to a rare com- 
 bination of qualities. High ideals in private, 
 public and business life, a fearless and strict 
 adherence to them, a keen appreciation of the 
 rights of others as well as an insistence upon 
 his own, coupled with a mental equipment 
 which is the result of great native capacity 
 developed from early years by serious, unre- 
 mitting and intense application in right direc- 
 tions, combine to form a character strong and 
 admirable. 
 
 Thoroughness may be selected as the domi- 
 nant force in his activities. Whatever is 
 undertaken, whether it be trivial or of magni- 
 tude, connected with the discharge of great 
 business responsibilities or with the perfor- 
 mance of the lighter duties imposed upon him 
 as a citizen, is carried through with equal 
 painstaking care and earnestness. That “ ca- 
 p icity for infinite detail” which is said to 
 constitute genius is his, and he exercises it 
 unsparingly. 
 
 vSludent life and self support do not ordi- 
 narily combine to produce the best scholar- 
 ship, but this dual life, as a neWvSboy when in 
 the schools of Albany and as monitor, tutor, 
 
 teacher and editor when in Dartmouth, did not 
 seem to impair the efficiency of Mr. De Boer’s 
 school and college work, and it is doubtful if 
 any other Vermonter as familiar with the 
 classics is at the same time so skilled a 
 mathematician. 
 
 Mr. De Boer has written largely respecting 
 insurance and somewhat of State matters, but 
 is perhaps known more generally in Vermont 
 by reason of his addresses, being recognized 
 as a speaker of unusual power and effective- 
 ness. His selection to deliver the historical 
 address at the Centennial celebration at Mont- 
 pelier and his admirable oration on that oc- 
 
 JOSEPH A. DE BOER. 
 
 casion attest the appreciation of his townsmen 
 and the substantial basis for it. 
 
 Though yet a young man and with the grade 
 of ability whose natural field is the largest 
 centers, it is hardly less than certain that he 
 will exhaust his tireless energies as a citizen 
 of Vermont and of the city where he first be- 
 came a householder, to which he is bound by 
 all the ties of an intensely loyal nature. 
 
 There is and will continue to be no more in- 
 teresting figure in the State. 
 
 He was married December 22, 1885, to Miss 
 Augusta Charles Featherly, of Albany, N. Y. 
 Their children are Ethel Arend (1886), Minnie 
 Arend (1888), Paul Kuiper (1897), and Phiza- 
 beth Arend (1902). Bertha Arend, born 1891, 
 died 1904. 
 
STATE HOUSE SHOWING EIBKARY A^^EX. 
 
 EXECUTIVE CHAMHEK, 
 
STATE CAPITOL BUILDING, MONTPELIER, VT., 
 

 
 vs DECORATED FOR CENTENNIAL, OCTOBER 4, 1905 
 
 
 
 ^w\ 
 
 O^^lvj 
 
GOVERNOR CHARLES J. BELL AND STAFF. 
 
 STAN'DiNG; COL. M. I). WELLS, COL. NELSON A. DOLE, COL. C. W. SCARKF, SECRETARY OF CIVIL AND MILITARN’ AFFAIRS C. T. WALTER. 
 
 SITTING: COL. FRANKLINS. BILLINGS, JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN. N. G. WILLIAMS, GOVERNOR HELL, ADJT. .\NI) Q. M. GEN. WM. H. GILMORE, SURGEON GEN. WARREN E. PUTNAM, 
 
CENTENNIAL ORflTlON OF HON JOSEPH A. DE BOER 
 
 About three hundred years ago, a son of 
 France, from which land Montpelier took its 
 title, sailed between the mountains of Vermont 
 and New York. During the next hundred and 
 seventy years England was solving- its Indian 
 question and its permanent possessions in the 
 north, while the colonies of New England and the 
 Atlantic South prepared themselves for inde- 
 pendence. Vermont settlers date back to the 
 days when England conquered Canada for even 
 then there were scattered atoms of humanity 
 along the banks of the Connecticut, with here 
 and there a stout, brave heart in the west. Ver- 
 mont did not leap into existence but grew by 
 elfort, self- sacrifice, frugality and courage. It 
 was the land of the Iroquois and the Waubana- 
 kee, debatable ground between the Indians, as 
 afterwards it was disputed by the whites on 
 either side. The products of nature contested 
 the rigours of a hard climate. The settler held 
 his rude home against the Indians, as afterwards 
 the state held its own against the world. It has 
 remained a state of individualism, of contest, 
 criticism, and debate, in which personal opinion 
 dominates the average public opinion and thus 
 creates a solid basis for the growth of character 
 and capacity for service. That, perhaps, is one 
 reason why Vermont has given more than its 
 share of able men and women to the history of 
 clieir times. Even in those days of the French 
 and Indian Wars, Vermont was known as “the 
 beautiful wilderness,” through which trudged 
 huntsman, warrior, soldier and settler, pursuing 
 each his own wish but destined, every man of 
 them, to enrich history with the story of this 
 state. In full time, as Rowland Robinson has so 
 stately said, “the old war paths became the 
 ways of peace” and gentle peace found her way 
 to this spot among the hemlocks, spruce and pine 
 of the Winooski. This history has been told by 
 the scholars of the state, by Williams, Allen, 
 Slade, Homenway, Walton, Thompson, Hall, 
 Renedict, Huse, Robinson and the rest. It is not 
 a part of my duty to rehearse it here but I were 
 much in fault if I failed to speak of the long, 
 hard, stubborn fight which Vermont made for a 
 personal ownership of its soil. Well might Bart- 
 lett exclaim at Bennington, as he thought again 
 of its ancient tavern, ‘ There was one catamount 
 on the sign post and twelve catamounts within.” 
 That inside council of the fathers did not concern 
 itself so much as now with questions of high- 
 ways, forestry and internal policy as with soil 
 ownership and independence, for they were 
 
 builders, not conservators, and fashioned their 
 speech by that of the fiery Allen, moistened 
 their discourse “with copious mugs of flip” and 
 pointed their conclusions with an active leader- 
 ship that aroused an irresistible following 
 throughout the coming state. Out of the vortex 
 and whirl of all that colonial, heroic, romantic, 
 military and pioneer history of wars and immi- 
 gration and final settlement there gradually arose 
 and was maintained here a sovereign power 
 among the hills, “confessed upon the principles 
 of the Revolution and implied by the solemn 
 transactions of Congress” 'itself. The Treaty of 
 Paris in 1763 included this territory in the be- 
 longings of the United States but for eight years 
 substantially, or until admission in 1791, she was 
 the substance of her copper coin motto, “Ver- 
 montensium Res Publica”, the Republic of the 
 Green Mountains, as independent in the exercise 
 of full sovereignty, as any nation, however great, 
 which has exercised self-government in the 
 history of the race. 
 
 May it please your excellency. Governor Bell, 
 and you, Mr. Mayor, who direct the business 
 management of our city, to accept the cordial 
 congratulations of our people upon your official 
 presence here at this 100th anniversary of Mont- 
 pelier as Capital of this State, Our recognition 
 of this event was the order of our town meeting 
 last March, the old-fashioned town meeting, 
 characteristic of New England, but nowhere bet- 
 ter preserved than here without distinction of 
 either party or class. The assumption of this 
 celebration has proceeded with due modesty, out 
 of duty and obligation to the state, and in full 
 knowledge of the fact that the time for its re- 
 call will be long. Those who made and are mak- 
 ing the future of our affairs are rapidly passing 
 away, while the cemeteries of our dead everywhere 
 through Vermont begin too much to record the 
 story of the past and our marts and towns do 
 not as yet, perhaps, so fully as they might, re- 
 llect the opportunities of the future. The peo- 
 ple of this city, as what village, town and city 
 does not, love their state constantly and loyally 
 and they have striven to merit the honor and 
 opi)ortunity of serving as the seat of its govern- 
 ment for a hundred years. We want to celebrate, 
 not here only in this brief hour, but through the 
 day and in our memory hereafter, the deeds and 
 doings of our forbears and to thank publicly 
 onc(! more those good men and women whose 
 woi-k in field, forest, home and shop made and 
 preserved the state an object of love and venera- 
 
24 
 
 CENTENNIAL ORATION OF HON. JOSEPH A. DE BOER. 
 
 occasion, not vaingloriously, but as a sincere, 
 affectionate tribute to old Vermont and as an 
 evidence to the thousands of Its sons and 
 daughters in other states that the old fire-places 
 keep burning here and that the old standards 
 are maintained intact; and, above all, with 
 thanks to the God of nations for his great mercy 
 to us and to our stale. It is pleasant to think 
 that Montpelier received its charter not from 
 Hampshire or i"ork but direct from Thomas 
 Chittenden, the Governor of Vermont. Neighbor- 
 liness and a common experience in politics and 
 war have taught us since to have great regard 
 and respect for those great adjoining states but 
 that cannot wholly obliterate a certain kind of 
 pride which our city has in the fact that its 
 charter hails from Vermont and its famous beech 
 rod tree. This charter war. substantial enough 
 in its list of sixty proprietors, but, as legisla- 
 tive bills have been often since, somewhat faulty 
 in other respects. The spelling was undoubtedly 
 bad. There were no boundaries set, for example, 
 to the 23,040 acres so generously Pestowed, and 
 then, too, there was a peculiar and impracticable 
 condition, to wit., that each proprietor was to 
 plant five acres and build a home, eighteen feet 
 square, inside of three years from date of grant. 
 Seme have thought that the reservation to the 
 freemen of the state of the pine trees, suitable 
 for a navy, was a trifle quaint, but that criticism 
 has been modified since a couple of Green 
 Mountain Boys entered and cleared out Manila 
 Bay and rounded Cape Horn for a final strike at 
 Santiago. The fact was, howevLi', that the first 
 charter was about as defective as a permanent 
 clay road but all this was improved in the charter 
 of 1804, signed by Governor Tichenor, in which 
 a basswood tree on the banks of the Onion, 
 marked Middlesex Corner, July 13, 1785, rescued 
 the starting point. But this new charter sug- 
 gests some high thinking in those early days. 
 It reserved land rights for a seminary or college, 
 for a county grammar school, for a minister of 
 the gospel, for English schools and for social 
 worship, and it declared these rights to be 
 “inalienably appropriated and under the charge, 
 direction and disposal of the inhabitants of said 
 township forever.” That was the style in which 
 old Vermont expressed its acts, motions and re- 
 solves, strong, sonorous, born of the soil and 
 having in it the swing of the scyihe and the 
 perpetuity of the eternal hills, a chip of the old 
 Allen vocabulary, destined to live. And then, 
 too, this charter was resonant with such names 
 as Timothy Bigelow. Matthew '^iyon, Joseph Fay, 
 Ira Allen, Jacob Davis and Thomas Chittenden, 
 and. besides, the names of women, not often 
 fennd in our modern charters for electric light 
 companies and trolley roads, Mary Galusha and 
 
 Sybil Goodrich, prophetic, of the thrift and 
 domesticity which have marked the capital and 
 every community in our state. It contained also, 
 for legal and prudential reasons, the name of one 
 who belongs to the millions who come and go 
 with the years, like grass, but whose combined 
 work grinds out the story of the nations and 
 fixes their place. I refer to Joel Frizzle, a 
 Canadian, who had 103 acres confirmed to him 
 by the third meeting of the proprietors at Arling- 
 ton and who first established himself with his 
 wife in the southwest corner of the town. He 
 did not become a permanent settler but he did 
 his part. He served on the picket line and I i)e- 
 lieve that he was brave, as she was who shared his 
 rude shelter and his hard account. If, then, we 
 date the foundation of Montpelier from the time 
 of projection, it is Bigelow and 1780; if from the 
 time of nominal occupation, it is Frizzle and 
 17.36; if from the first act of settlement, it is 
 Davis and 1787; if from the making of a home, 
 it is that same Jacob Davis, colonel, farmer, 
 millwright, pioneer and founder, and 1788. Then 
 first the log hut on the Worcester Branch became 
 a home when Rebecca Davis, his wife, Jacob, 
 the first schoolteacher, Thomas, the wagon- 
 bringer from Vergennes. and all his girls, 
 Rebecca, Hannah, Polly and Eucy, came to town 
 and finally, 117 years ago, the first baby born in 
 the city, Clarissa. “Dux femina facti”; the 
 leader of the city was a woman. Yes, dear 
 memories, the years have been long and many 
 since first you and your friends came to make 
 homes in the woods of central Vermont but, 
 at least, if we dare not share your hardships, 
 we may appreciate your lives and, as benefi- 
 ciaries of your labors, self-sacrifice and acts of 
 thrift, today recall your names with reverence 
 and with love. 
 
 It will be expected, as it is entirely appropri- 
 ate, that some reference should be made to the 
 selection and subsequent designation of Mont- 
 pelier as capital of Vermont. From its situation 
 in a division of the Green Mountain Range it 
 \Fas early called a sort of geographical puzzle 
 and suitable for maintaining the political division 
 which the people washed and to which the 
 mountain line division had oeen assigned. Prior 
 to 1791 the Legislature convened in eight different 
 towns, equally divided east and w'est, and once 
 in Charlestown, N. H., then in Vermont. After 
 1791 and up to 1796, the sessions alternated be- 
 tw^een Rutland and Windsor, and thereafter, up 
 to 1803, the cenventions met in Rutland, 
 Windsor, A’ergennes, Middlebury, Newbury, 
 Burlington, Westminster. Danville and Wood- 
 stock. James Fiske of Barre first moved 
 in October of 1803 for the appointment 
 of a committee to establish a permanent 
 
PRESENT AND FORMER STATE OFFICERS AT THE CELEBRATION 25 
 
 CHARLES J. REEL, 
 GOVERX(JR. 
 
 JOHN' L BACOX, 
 STATE TREASURER. 
 
 CLARK C. FITTS, 
 ATTORXEV GEXERAL. 
 
 CHARLES H. STEARNS, 
 LIEUTENAXT GOVERNOR. 
 
 FREDERICK G. FLEETWOOD, 
 SECRETARY OF STATE. 
 
 I,. A. COBB, 
 
 STA'I K IXSl’ECTOR OF FINANCE. 
 
 *JOHN H. MERRIFIEI.D, 
 S.-L.VKER OF 'IMF, IIOl'SE. 
 
 HORACEjF. GRAIIA.M, 
 AUDITOR OF ACCOUNTS. 
 
 .MASON S. STO.NE. 
 STATE SUI'T. OF EDUCATION. 
 
 Xot present 
 
26 
 
 CENTENNIAL ORATION OF HON. TOSEPH A. DE BOER. 
 
 legislative seat and, after numerous reports, 
 county conventions, recommendations by Gov- 
 ernor and Council, references and cross- 
 references to succeeding- legislatures, reconsider- 
 ations, orders to lie and proposals of amendment, 
 a. bill was passed November 6, 1805, nearly two 
 years later, selecting- Montpelier as the place. 
 Cyrus iVare was our representative. The 
 Governor and Council returned the bill 
 with proposals of amendment, which Walton 
 says wers verbal but which the orig-inal bill 
 files show to be a redraft of the whole measure 
 after the enacting clause. Thus modified, 
 the bill passed in the form found as per page 
 427, Vol. 5, of Governor and Council by Walton, 
 and in October of 1808 the legislature met for 
 the first time at Montpelier, in the house erected 
 by this act and which cost between $8,000 and 
 $9,000. Thompson says that it was whittled out 
 of existence in the next! twenty- seveiT; years, 
 when the second State House, occupied in 1836, 
 took its place and so served until 1857, wiben it was 
 destroyed by Are. Then came the great legislative 
 debate involving a serious effort to move the 
 capital to Burlington, and the voice of Senator 
 Edmunds rose for the latter and that of Governor 
 Paul Dillingham and Representative F. F. Merrill 
 for Montpelier. I do not consider it at all 
 necessary to refer to the details of the three 
 state houses, to money considerations paid by 
 this city, to the volunteer acts of bonding and 
 assumed responsibility of its citizens or to the 
 fact that Montpelier firmly met the business end 
 of the controversy, dollar for dollar, which, 
 while practical, v.^ere all insignificant when 
 compared to the larger (luestion involved. The 
 old conservatism manifested itself in this debate. 
 After referring to the original designation of 
 Montpelier as a means of making the Vermont 
 people homogenous and united and of maintain- 
 ing thereby a half century of peace, the Hon. 
 William C. Bradley said: “ Our fathers wor- 
 shipped in this mountain, not bowing themselves 
 to the Adirondacks across the Lake nor to the 
 White Hills from St. Johnsbury, but to this 
 mountain, the Green Mountain Range; and I am 
 for going down to no Jerusalem on the east or 
 the west.” Thus the capital was to them the 
 symbol of neutrality and this idea deserves to be 
 expressed today in political unity of action upon 
 the hard and necessary needs of the state, in 
 order that, united in all good ways of thinking, 
 we may also unite in such acts and resolves as 
 will multiply and distribute through all our towns 
 a greater and more comfortable prosperity. Mr. 
 Bradley’s argument did not consider, and, I 
 think, properly so, the personal claims of Mont- 
 pelier, because state questions take precedence 
 of local ones. He dealt with the merit of the 
 
 question, as he viewed it. And yet there is a sort 
 of justifiable pride in the recollection that a 
 century ago 1,200 people, with a list of but 
 $23,000, one-sixth the size of today, initiated the 
 work of building a State House in this city. It 
 is not Greece or Rome, Persia or Egypt, France, 
 Germany or Great Britain, but, viewed by itself, 
 it was a fairly great piece of creditable work for 
 a few honest men to do and it is right enough to 
 consider it today as such, losing sight for the 
 moment of the controlling factors in our modern 
 civilization, of dollars, of eg-oism, of lack of self- 
 control, and keeping in view the virtue of the 
 middle way, as safe, and of philosophy, that real, 
 simple, honest, square- dealing philosophy which 
 is the guide and pilot of life. There is no 
 occasion for losing our heads, our hearts and 
 our characters while we are improving our 
 streets, our lights, our houses, our furnishments, 
 our transportation, our modes of communication, 
 our systems of self and family support, our ex- 
 changes, and, in brief, all the means by which 
 the pursuit and the enjoyment of life and happi- 
 ness are maintained. The subscriptions for the 
 first poor State House was mostly made in grain, 
 meat, cattle, provisions or goods because money 
 was rare. In 1806 the town petitioned 
 the legislature for the right to tax land 
 4 cents per acre but nothing was done. 
 The good old times were not always 
 inompt. It was not until 1808 that the lown -'xas 
 able to assess this tax and, even then, two-thirds 
 were made payable in grain and provisions and 
 tht rest in “specie, current bank bills or orders 
 on the building- committee or in receipts or orders 
 from the architect and constructor.” 
 
 But this old-fa.shioned, high-minded, deep- 
 souled way of thinking and doing things mani- 
 f':^sted itself again in 1857 in the argument on the 
 State House question of another, citizen, who 
 typified the best culture, scholarship and service 
 of his times. Said Mr. Stewart of Middlebury: 
 “ My purpose is to state conclusions to which I 
 have been forced contrary to territory prefer- 
 ences, against oft-expressed inclinations, against 
 lon.g established associations and the claims of 
 personal friendship. Throughout this protracted 
 discussion I have striven to suit my judgment 
 to my inclination. Having utterly failed in this, 
 I know of no course left save obedience to my 
 conviction of right. For, Sir, the duties which 
 pertain to legislation rest upon a broader and 
 firmer basis than mere prejudice or preference, 
 local or personal, and involves a responsibility 
 whose faithful discharge must seldom wholly 
 exclude consideration of taste, of feeling or self- 
 inierest.” This quotation sums up the principD 
 involved and the judgment which was reached 
 and is a fair definition of the aims and purpose 
 
CENTENNIAL ORATION OF HON. JOSEPH A. DE BOER. 
 
 27 
 
 of the Vermont Legislature at all times on all 
 state affairs. There may be mistakes but that 
 course as so defined, has been the aim of the 
 people and is today. 
 
 I sincerely regret that my voice was substi- 
 tuted, on a late call, for that of your much more 
 experienced citizen, Senator William P. Dilling- 
 ham; but, lacking his able service on account of 
 domestic affliction and absence abroad, I sub- 
 stitute this wise word of Mr. Stewart on the 
 duty and the opportunity of the legislator as 
 fairly descriptive of the history of our Legislature 
 for s hundred years. Sentiments like thes-^, the 
 economics involved and ancient claims, all lead 
 to the establishment here of the existing State 
 House and bestow upon our city today the great 
 honor of celebrating its centennial as the capital 
 of Vermont. 
 
 In striking contrast to the scenes of former 
 days was the brilliant gathering last evening 
 where we now sit. The flash of gem, the play 
 of color, the grace of fashion, — everything was 
 different from that ancient happy gathering a 
 century ago. when at a country ball Mrs. Parley 
 Davis wore the first silk gown ever seen in these 
 parts, but let me venture to say, if by inference 
 only and perhaps on the parole of some whose 
 memories reach far back into the past, that, 
 beautiful and good as the scene of last night was 
 and those who composed it, it did not exceed in 
 quality and grace the harvest ball in the old 
 Davis barn. The contrast, great as it is, is 
 not so great that we may not truly say that the 
 best lessons of the past have been learned and 
 kept secure and I have no doubt that the girls of 
 yesterday had many a loving and affectionate 
 thought for those former girls who helped to 
 make the home good, sweet and comfortable as 
 well as the dance merry and light. 
 
 There were at that time no class distinctions, 
 no hot water heating systems and only potash 
 fires. Idleness was a vice and work a virtue, 
 while the boy was taught to emulate his father’s 
 swing of the scythe in the field. Mothers taught 
 their girls to spin and knit, cut and string apples, 
 put up preserves. make butter and cook. 
 Neighbors helped ^^ach other to log, to raise 
 barns, to draw crops and to harvest. For merri- 
 ment there were the huskings, the red ear kiss, 
 the quilting party, immortalized in the college 
 song dedicated to Nellie, the country dance with 
 its match-making seriu^l, and the happy snow 
 wreaths of sugar making. Marriage came early 
 and was simple and safe, an affair of the home 
 and not wholly that of society. The farmer took 
 pride in his Merinos and his Moi-gan horse. whiD 
 wood and stream were true enough to his calls 
 for spoi't to require no mortgage of Canadian 
 waters. Politics were warun but local and well 
 
 distributed. The representative held a reception 
 at his house and then did duty at the capital, 
 entirely ready he had to be to yield to the next 
 best man when session time rolled round once 
 more. There was love for the old man and the 
 grand- dame, who closed their days at the firesides 
 in the farm kitchen and sitting room. Filial 
 piety was a virtue and so remains, our people 
 never having yielded to any other doctrine of 
 domesticity or social life than that sincerity and 
 kindness of heart are more than coronets. The 
 school has dominated the Vermont idea of public 
 life. No subject has more often consumed the 
 time of its assemblies. Its forefathers from the 
 start created a system of common, country and 
 state schools, designing to give every child a 
 cnance, if it would, to run the full gamut from 
 the abededarium to the humanitarian. It was so 
 ambitious for learning that even in its union with 
 the sixteen New Hampshire towns it brought and 
 kept Dartmouth College in the state in 1785. 
 Why, even at Montpelier, eleven years before- the 
 act establishing the capital and only seven years 
 after settlement, a choice library of two hundred 
 volumes had been made. Activity in publication 
 is marked by such a distinguished catalogue as 
 the Gilman Bibliography, while Forbes but 
 recently pointed out once more the progress of 
 th^ press in this state, a press which has 
 stood from the day of the Green Mountain Post 
 Boy true to the welfare of the people, loyal to 
 the federal government, staunch to freedom for 
 all men and the honest administration of affairs. 
 No single thing marks its work more fully than 
 this, that the safe-guarding of free labor by con- 
 stitution. camp and court has always had the 
 strong defense of the state press. Politics have 
 stood foi the man as against the dollar, as Allen 
 so strongly put the thought, when he spoke of 
 the “Gods of the Hills,’’ and in this connection let 
 me say the proudest thing of all, that, amid all 
 the great civil, industrial, commercial and finan- 
 cial changes which have come in the last century, 
 our people have kept intact the old standards of 
 self-government, the same ideas as to the kind 
 and mode of government wanted in 1776, and 
 to-day conlinue to reflect them in Iheir town 
 
 meetings and legislative work. We celebrate 
 
 today not mei’ely the centennial of the cajutal but 
 more than a century of consistent democi-atic 
 government in this state. True it is that our 
 
 IHople have been charged with being behind the 
 times, as somewhat set in their- ideas, sh)w going, 
 hid(‘ bound and unpr-ogressi ve. This cliarge is 
 nf)t e>’erywhere true and the last thing in proof of 
 it is that froiTi lancoln to its (dioice of Roosevelt 
 Vei-mont has given its elector-.al vote to every 
 
 Rcimblican nominee. 'That shows our neofrle as 
 lx iirg slow to take a posit irrn but as sui-e in hold- 
 
8 PRESENT AND FORMER STATE OFFICERS AT THE CELEBRATION. 
 
 JAMES W. BROCK, 
 SERGEANT-AT-ARMS. 
 
 REDEIELI) PROCTOR, 
 GOVERNOR J878-80. 
 
 THOiSEAS C. CHENEV, 
 CLERK OE THE HOUSE. 
 
 W.M. I>. I)ILLIN(HIAM, 
 (,()\-ERN(iR 18S8-90. 
 
 JOHN L. BARSTOW, 
 (lOVERNOR 1882-84. 
 
 CHARLES W. (;ATES, 
 STATE HIGHWAY COM.MISSIONER. 
 
 E. J. ORMSHEE, 
 GOVER\(H< 1886-88. 
 
CENTENNIAL ORATION OF HON. JOSEPH A. DE BOER. 
 
 ing- it, and also, in a very large sense, the acumen 
 and statesmanship of its leaders in placing it in 
 the front rank of the Nation’s councils and keep- 
 ing it there. It may not have figured so largely 
 as some of its neighbors on a money basis or as 
 numbers go in the politics of events but it has 
 tried and, we believe, succeeded in always sending 
 to Congress and to important military, naval, 
 diplomatic and civil positions men of ability and 
 honest faith, who have done the country a true 
 and lasting service, Vermont cannot hope to dis- 
 charge another century of politics to better ad- 
 vantage than to record a century of results as 
 far-reaching- and useful as those since 1805. Its 
 Legislatures have been made up for the greater 
 part of the townsmen, chosen for wit and wisdom. 
 If frequent rotation resulted in inexperience, it 
 also fostered local interest and self-government 
 and may have kept the history of our legislation 
 free from venal attacks. The soil was the thing 
 and yet is, and so it was correct that agriculture 
 and its devotees should influence our legislative 
 work. All this, however, was equalized l)y the 
 strong selections of county senators, by the con- 
 stant re -offering to its councils of the In' ghost 
 professional service in the state, by constant 
 regard for schools, temperance, religion and 
 economy of management, and also by a firm ad- 
 herence to the usage and practice of the past. If 
 Vermont has advanced, as she has, it has been 
 upon the Roman principle of “ festina hnte.” 
 She has made haste slowly but surely and has 
 not. as often has been the case with others, been 
 obliged to retrace her steps or to say that the 
 thrift of today was paid for by any diminution 
 in any one of the safeguards by which the 
 liberties and lives of a free people are maintained. 
 
 There have been eighty regular amd eight 
 special m.cetings of the Legislature at Montpelier 
 but of these none are more interesting histori- 
 cally, perhaps, than that which convened in 
 1898 to consider the equipment, subsistence and 
 transportation of Vermont troops to the Spanish- 
 American War, and the greatest session of all in 
 our history, that of April 23, 1861, in relation to 
 public affairs as affected by the War of the 
 Rebellion, The session of 1865 lasted two days 
 only, in ratifying the constitutional amendment 
 prohibiting slavery. That of 1861 lasted five days 
 but long enough to prove conclusively that the 
 men of ’61 were chips of the old Green VIountain 
 Eoys and ready, although preparations in the 
 slate were meagre enough, to respond firmly and 
 for the whole war to every demand. Vermont 
 voted promptly that she would do all in her power 
 to maintain the Union, into which it might bo 
 said she had forced her own way in the early 
 days. The first-born state was true. The Legis- 
 lature required only forty-eight hours to vote 
 
 one million dollars for Avar expenses, Avithovit 
 distinction of party, and to add $7 per month to 
 the GoA^ernment’s $13 for each private’s pay. 
 Benedict, the historian of that period, affirms 
 that GoA-ernor Fairbanks’ proclamation for this 
 assembly bore eA-en date Avith that of Pre.sident 
 Lincoln and antedated by a day, at least, that of 
 any other goA-ernor. It is impossible to rehearse 
 here the story of that Avar, Avhich has since been 
 told so often, but one of the great events, great 
 and enduring for all timiO to come in the history 
 of the last century, AA^as the preservation of the 
 American Union. Vermont may justly have 
 credit and take pride in the fact that its battle- 
 flags at the State House symbolize the doings end 
 thv^ A-alor, the sacrifices and the deaths of seA-en- 
 teen regiments, three light batteries and three 
 companies of sharp-shooters, in all, 34,000 men.. 
 But, alas, all this made a most significant differ- 
 ence and it Avas a hard and cruel task to readjust 
 the Avork. the loss of income, the added burdens 
 of taxation, the contraction in farm A-alues, and. 
 aboA-e all, the loss of men, killed or AAmunded. 
 But to all this AA-as added the call and the 
 response for an emigration from Vermont into, 
 other states, both in Noav England and thronghc'ut 
 the AVest. You educated the best men you had in 
 your OAvn state univ'ersities and academies and 
 they took themselA-es to other markets for the- 
 exercise of th^ir capacities and a corresiiond- 
 ing opportunity. You reared the finest wonn'ii in 
 the Avorld and either your OAvn sons took them 
 off AAdth them or they Avere Avooed elseAA'^here, until 
 for half a century the population of the state 
 stood still and eA-en noAV it is only beginning to- 
 enjoy a faA'orable growth under the influence- 
 of new industries and arts and the immigration 
 due to the deA'elopment of special industries at 
 certain points. Yet it is a just and true A-erdict 
 that the period Avhich folloAved A^ermont in the 
 Civil Avar was as good a repetition of recon- 
 struction as that Avhich followed its admission as- 
 a state, different in the character of the forces at 
 Avork through the Avorld at large, but alike in its. 
 demands upon the people for thrift, for economy, 
 for courage, for loyalty, for individualism, for 
 persistency and for rugged character. It Avas a 
 great and noble period, out of Avhich by the attri- 
 tions of time and death Ave a.re now passing and- 
 to which Ave will soon bo yielding our nuMuoi-y 
 only, for its actors will haA^e passed aAvay. Rut 
 when all else has been said and told in song and 
 A-erse, in story and address upon Avhich A^ei niont’s 
 claim to a star in the flag will be p1(m1. iIk- doings 
 of the soldiers in the Civil War and of the men. 
 women and children behind those soldiei-s Avill 
 pass in revioAv once again and all voices of all 
 men born here or born again here will join in. 
 saying, “God bless the star that never sets.” 
 
30 
 
 CENTENNIAL ORATION OF HON. JOSEPH A. DE BOER. 
 
 There was recently taken a census of Mont- 
 pelier by order of its Common Council. Its 
 population is today 7,313, or six times greater 
 than it was in 1805. It contains 1,180 houses 
 and 1,313 families. It is further reported that of 
 this population 1,270 were born in foreign coun- 
 tries and 977 were born in other states, a total of 
 2,247, or 30 per cent, of the whole. The nationali- 
 ties represented by this census are nineteen in 
 number, classifying as Americans those who were 
 born subsequent to the second generation from 
 the immigrant, of which the Americans amount 
 to 3,013, or 50 per cent, the Irish to 1,139, or 15 
 per cent, and the French to 1,065, or 14 per cent., 
 in largest number. These figures disclose the 
 great shift in the character of city population 
 now going on in different parts of Vermont. It 
 serves to remind us that, in spite of time and in 
 spite of these changes in the character of popu- 
 lation, this has all transpired so leisurely as to 
 have resulted to date in a reasonable assimilation, 
 although some changes in recent political con- 
 ditions may partly be accounted for as due to a 
 lack of perfect assimilation. When, too, we think 
 of many villages and towns which have from 
 natural causes diminished their population, when 
 we consider how many values have shrunken, 
 while that of labor is maintained, when we con- 
 sider that there is a tendency to live more closely 
 up to earning capacity than formerly, when we 
 see that the dairy has supplanted sheep culture 
 and that the milk-pan, churn and cheese press 
 are displaced by the creamery, when, too, we note 
 that the spinning-wheel gives place to the loom, 
 when we remember that our mineral wealth has 
 
 ccme to save values and increase our population, 
 when we note that the pine tree and wheat 
 sheaf have practically disappeared, and when, 
 as Robinson said, “ the quaint individuality of the 
 earlier people is fast dissolving into commonplace 
 likeness’” we may perhaps be induced to feel 
 anxious and long again for the good old times; 
 for the good old folks in the days of youth, yes 
 and always; for the simple virtue and the peace 
 of non-competition, perhaps; for the hard years, 
 the hardships of life, the rigours of work and the 
 small return for service, no! A Vermonter is 
 always a Vermonter but that is no reason for 
 decrying the actual advantages which we enjoy 
 today and have in prospect, largely because of 
 our heritage from the past. Vermont is better 
 to-day than ever, better traveled, better heated, 
 better lighted, better fed, better transported, 
 better educated, better served with news, and 
 has a better market in which to trade and to 
 V liich to sell. At points there are reverses, due to 
 local causes, but, as a whole, our people are today 
 enjoying as large and pleasant a prosperity as in 
 the past- Neither Vermont nor the country at 
 large is evolving backward, but forward, and this 
 I mean to apply to character, ability and per- 
 formance, as well as to material things. There 
 is today in the nature of things a greater amount 
 of action and more diversified distribution of that 
 action, and so, at the close of the century of this 
 capital, I, for one, am now looking forward to the 
 next hundred years and for assuming its burdens 
 and its opportunities in the spirit of gratitude to 
 the past and of hope for and absolute confidence 
 in the future. 
 
 TIIR OFFICIAL KEVIEWINO STAND. 
 
 Vermont Mutual t'ire Insurance Co. 
 
 National Life Insurance Co. 
 
FORMATION OF COLUMN FOR CENTENNIAL PARADE 
 
 PJatoon of City Police, commanded by 
 John W. Durkee, Chief of Police. 
 
 Captain Arthur G. Eaton, Chief Marshal. 
 Aides — E. P. Coleman, George B. Walton, Carlos 
 C. Bancroft, Clarence H. Senter. 
 
 UNITED STATES TROOPS— Fifteenth Cav- 
 alry and Twelfth Battalion of Field Artillery, 
 from Fort Ethan Allen, Major Wilbur E. Wilder 
 commanding, 740 men. Staff — Major .Joseph T. 
 Clarke, Surgeon; First Lieutenant Arthur N. 
 Pickel. Adjutant; Second Lieutenant Wiley P. 
 Man gum, Quartermaster and Commissary. 
 
 Fifteenth Cavalry band, mounted, under 
 ccn.rnand of Drum Major Zimmerman and Chief 
 Musician Charles Berger. 
 
 Troops L, F., H., and M., Fifteenth Cavalry, 
 IT. S. A., Captain Henry C. Smithers command- 
 ing. 
 
 Troops A., E., D., and M., Fifteenth Cavalry 
 U. S. A., Captain Michael M. McMamee, com- 
 manding. 
 
 Twelfth Battalion Field Artillery, U. S. A., 
 Major E. E. Gale, commanding; Second Lieu- 
 tenant Charles H. Patterson, Adjutant, Quarter- 
 master and Commissary. 
 
 Twenty-seventh Battery. U. S. A., First Lieu- 
 tenant James C. Prentice, commanding. 
 
 Twenty- third Battery, U. S. A., Second Lieu- 
 tenant Matthew A. Cross, commanding. 
 
 Montpelier Military Band, Timothy R. Mer- 
 rill, Leader, 31 pieces. 
 
 VERMONT NATIONAL GUARD— First 
 Battalion, First Regiment, (150 men) Major 
 Frank L. Howe, commanding; Lieutenant H. M. 
 Howe. Adjutant; Sergeant Majp'or, E. L. Kelty, 
 
 Company E., Barre, Captain Patrick J. 
 Rogers. 
 
 Company F., Northfield, Captain Harry C. 
 Moseley. 
 
 Company H„ Montpelier, Captain F. B. 
 Thomas. 
 
 NORWICH UNIVERSITY CADETS— Section 
 of Artillery, 128 men, Northfield. Cadet Staff- 
 Cadet Major B. P. Hovey, commanding; Cadet 
 Adjutant D. R. Barney, Cadet Quartermast/er 
 J. B. Swett, Cadet Sergeant Major A. PT. Burr, 
 Cadet Color Sergeant C. R^ Hartwell, Cadet 
 Quartermaster Sergeant L. H, Davis, Cadet Ord- 
 nance Sergeant J. M- Carbonell, Chief Musician 
 Cadet Corporal E. C. White. 
 
 Company A., Cadet Captain D. H. Gilman, 
 Cadet First Lieutenant S. W. Bampton, Cadet 
 Second Lieutenant H. C. Pratt. 
 
 Company B., Cadet Captain H. J. Betterley, 
 Cadet First Lieutenant W. S. Clarke, Cadet Sec- 
 ond Lieutenant J. H. Mears. 
 
 Company C., Cadet Captain C. R. Andred, 
 Cadet First Lieutenant L. C. Barker Jr., Cadet 
 Second Lieutenant M. J. Noyes. 
 
 MONTPELIER SCHOOL CADETS— 38 offi- 
 cers and men. Captain L. Clagston Flint, com- 
 manding. First Lieutenant Ned Thomas, Second 
 Lieutenant Harold Barney, First Sergeant Har- 
 old P. Jackson, Sergeants Pitkin and Theriault; 
 Corporals Parady, Bailey, Corey and Stack. 
 
 MONTPELIER SEMINARY BATTALION— 
 32 officers and men. Captain G. Leon Wells, 
 cemrnanding. First Lieutenant F. J. Allen, Sec- 
 ond Lieutenant C. A. Bigelow, First Sergeant 
 G. C. Carpenter, Second Sergeant Irvin Henson, 
 Third Sergeant F. E. Davidson, Fourth Sergeant 
 A. W. Atwood, Corporals Lane, Harvey, Morse, 
 Wilcox and Bulkcley. 
 
 Sherman Military Band, Burlington, 30 pieces 
 George D. Sherman, leader. 
 
 KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.— First Regiment, 
 Vermont Uniform Rank, 165 men, C, M. Brownell, 
 Colonel Commanding; A, H. Bartcher, Lieut. 
 Colonel; Geo- A. Lepper, Major Comdig. 1st Bat- 
 talion; C. M. Willey, Major Comdg. 2nd Bat- 
 talion; Geo. W. Grandy, Capt. and Adjutant; 
 W^ P. Conger, Capt. and Quartermaster; P. J. 
 Cowles, Capt. and Commissary; S. C. Nash, 1st 
 IJeut. and Eat. Adjutant; F. E. Robinson, 1st 
 IJ.eut. and Bat. Adjutant; S. G. Lewis, Chaplain. 
 
 Company No. 1, St- Johnsbury, Capt. H. W. 
 Ellis. 
 
 Company No. 4, St. Albans, Capt. J_ G. Hoyt. 
 Company No. 5, Burlington, Chpt. A- H. 
 Bartcher. 
 
 Company No. 6, Barre, Capt. N. N_ Ballarn. 
 Company No. 9, Barton Landing, Lieut. 
 E. A. Willey. 
 
 Company No. 10, Richford, Capt. A. H. King_ 
 MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA— L. F. 
 Linsenmier, commanding, 140 men; E. A. Burdick, 
 Aide. 
 
 Montpelier Camp. No. 9065, Captain F. C. 
 Jenne, 
 
 Barre Camp, No. 8686, Captain Gilbert Phil- 
 lips, 
 
 Burlington Camp, No. 7227, Captain William 
 Thyne. 
 
 Winooski Camp. No. 8940, Captain C. G. 
 Allard. 
 
 Milton Camp, No. 8038, Captain Ira Turner. 
 Hartford Camp. No. 9923, Captain A. E. 
 Mead. 
 
 Sheffield Camp, No. 11207, Captain H. 
 Snellery. 
 
 Woodstock Camp, No. 1 1249, Captain Otto 
 Yuncker. 
 
FORMATION OF THE COLUMN FOR THE CENTENNIAL PARADE. 
 
 
 IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN— Ethan 
 Allen Company, No. 1, Algonquin Tribe No. 9, 
 of St. Johnsbury, Captain H. A. Wileox. com- 
 manding'. C. A. Carr, Lieutenant; H. A. Caswell, 
 Second laeutenant; Thomas Barry, Adjutant; 
 James B. Drummond, Quartermaster Sergeant. 
 
 Vergennes City Band of Vergennes. A. D. 
 Vittuin, Leader, 25 pieces. 
 
 KNIGHTS TEMPI.ARS OF VERMONT. 
 Burlington Comma n:lery. No. 2 of Burlington. 
 Chilo L^ Soule, Eminent Commander; Arthur G. 
 Mansur, Generalissimo; Ernest A. Brodie, Cap- 
 tain General. 
 
 Lydonville Military Band of Lydonville, H. C. 
 Wilson, Leader, 30 pieces. 
 
 Sussex Consistory of Sherbrooke, P. Q., A. O. 
 Noiton, Eminent Commander. 
 
 Vermont Commandery, No. 4, of Windsor, 
 Daniel Payson as Commander. 
 
 St^ Johnsbury Band, G. C. Felch, Leader, 25 
 pieces. 
 
 Palestine -Commandery, No. 5, of St. Johns- 
 bury. William S. Boynton, Eminent Com- 
 mander; Harry A. Bartlett, Generalissimo; 
 
 Fred C. Beck, Captain General. 
 
 Mount Zion Commandery, No. 9, of Mont- 
 pelier. Arthur 'W. Prescott, Eminent Com- 
 mander; William H. Herrick, Generalissimo; 
 
 E. J. Foster, Captain General. 
 
 Barton Cornet Band of Barton, H. C. Potter, 
 Leader, 23 pieces. 
 
 Malta Commandery, No. 10, of Newport. 
 H. T. Seaver, Eminent Commander; G. T. Root, 
 Generalissimo; C. R. Storrs, Captain General. 
 
 St. Aldermar Commandery, No. 11, of Barre, 
 
 Joe W. Jackson, Eminent Commander; James S. 
 Wilson, Jr.. Generalissimo; Noble S. Lo\e, Cap- 
 tain General. 
 
 OIG'TCERS OF THE GRAND COM.MAND- 
 ERY — Charles A. Calderwoon, R. E. Grand Com- 
 niander; J. Henry Jackson, E. Grand General- 
 issimo; Horace C. Pierce, E. Grand Captain 
 General. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT PATRIARCHS MILITANT 
 I. O. O. F. OF VERMONT. 
 
 Col. E. A. Spear, commanding. Lieutenant 
 Colonel W. T. Haigh. 
 
 STAFF — Major A. E. Spaulding, Assistant 
 Adjutant General; Captain D. V. Stone, Adju- 
 tant; Captain R. J. Stoadley, Assistant Surgeon; 
 Major' D. M. Damon, Assistant Inspector Gen- 
 eral: Major W. J. Perkins, Assistant Commissary 
 General; Captain C. S. Eastman, Quartermaster; 
 Captain R. T. Lewis, Aide-de-Camp. 
 
 FIRST BATTALION— Major F. W. Jack- 
 son, Ueutenant F. S. Ralston, Adjutant. 
 
 Canton Vinton, No. 9, of Barre. Captain 
 Alex. Duncan, Lieutenant J. A. Lang, Ensign 
 F. N. Morgan. 
 
 Canton Hariover, Hanover, N. H. Captain 
 R. T. Lewis, Lieutenant C. A. Nash, Ensign C. C. 
 Ward. 
 
 SECOND BATTALION — Major G. H. 
 Stearns, J. A. Beck. Actirag Adjutant; Robert 
 McGillivary, Quartermaster Sergeant. 
 
 Canton Crescent, No. 2, of St. Johnsbury. 
 Captarn E. A. Farr, Lieutenant H. J. Beck, 
 Ensign R. T. Parker. 
 
 Canton Woodstock, No. 12, of Woodstock. 
 Captain H. S. Perry, Lieutenant F. A. Averill, 
 Ensign E. G. Freeman. 
 
FORMER STATE OFFICERS AND LEGISLATORS NOW LIVING. 
 
 8;i 
 
 FORMER STATE OFFICERS AND LEG- 
 ISLATORS NOW LIVING. 
 
 This history would he incomplete without 
 mentioning- the surviving State officers who were 
 prevented by illness, absence from the State or 
 other unavoidable causes, from being present at 
 the celebration. They were certainly present in 
 spirit, and their absence in the body was gen- 
 erally regretted. 
 
 Of fourteen former Governors now living, the 
 following seven were absent: Frederick Holbrook, 
 Brattleboro, 1S61-63; Hon. George W. Hendee, 
 Morrisville, 1869-70; Hon. John W. Stewart, Mid- 
 dlebury, 1870-72; Hon. Carroll S. Page, Hyde 
 Park, 1890-92; Plon. U. A. Woodbury, Burlington, 
 1892-94; Hon. Josiah Grout. Derby, 1896-98; Hon. 
 John G. McCullough, North Bennington, 1902-04. 
 
 Of four former liieutenant -Governors surviv- 
 ing the only absentee was Hon. Henry C. Bates, of 
 St. Johnsbury, 1898-00. This item does not in- 
 clude those who subsi^quently held the office of 
 Governor, mentioned elsewhere. 
 
 Hon. Henry F. Field, of Rutland, State 
 Treasurer, 1890-98, was the only absentee who 
 had held this office. 
 
 The only surviving Secretary of State not 
 present was Hon. George Nichols, of Northfield, 
 who held the office from 1864 to 1884. 
 
 Of thirteen former Speakers of the House 
 now living there were but four absent: Hon. Geo. 
 
 F. Edmunds, 1857-60; Hon. Augustus P. Hunton, 
 1860-62; Hon. James K. Batchelder, 1884-86; and 
 Hon. Hosea Mann, Jr., 1890-92. At the time of 
 the celebration Hon. Henry R. Start, Speaker in 
 1880, was living. He has since died. 
 
 The number of former members of the Leg- 
 islature now living can only be estimated. The 
 names and addresses of over 2,600 are known. 
 It is probable that one-third of this number 
 were present at the celebration. No registration 
 of visiting Ex-Senators and Ex-Representatives 
 was made. “The Vermonter’’ has obtained by 
 correspondence the names and addresses of near- 
 ly 400 former legislators who attended the cele- 
 bration, and the dates of their service. The re- 
 turns received precluded a classification of mem- 
 bers of the Senate and House. A classification, 
 howeA er, by years or sessions, is made. The 
 initial, or earliest term of service, of members is 
 given in nearly every instance. 
 
 1856: S. D. Hobson, Brighton. 
 
 1857: Roswell Buel, Middletown Springs. 
 
 1858: S. W. Smith, Vengennes. 
 
 1859; Albert Dwinell, Calais. 
 
 1862: J. H. Hastings, Waitsfield; J. H. 
 Fh-att, Norwich; E. S. Allen, Wilmington. 
 
 1863: J. F. Miles, Hinesburg. 
 
 1864: A. 
 
 M. 
 
 Foster, Cabot; J. 
 
 L. Bars tow. 
 
 Shelburne. 
 
 
 
 
 1865: M. 
 
 A. 
 
 Taft, Sutton. 
 
 
 1867: E. 
 
 K. 
 
 Jones, Northfield; 
 
 C. M. Rob- 
 
 bins, Hancock; H. If. Pillsbury, Barton; Redfield 
 Proctor. Rutland. 
 
 1868: .lames Hutchinson, Randolph. 
 
 1869: R. F. D. Carpenter, Barton; James A. 
 Coburn, East Montpelier; John Bailey, Newbury, 
 
 C. H. Joyce, Rutland; Hiram Carleton, Waits- 
 field. 
 
 1872: L. C. Batchelder, Barre; S. J. Dana, 
 Waitsfield; Gilbert A. Davis, Reading; E. J. 
 Ormsbee, Brandon; M. A. Tewksbury, Randolph; 
 
 S. F. Fvary, StralTord; P. H. Graves, Kirby; 
 
 D. L. Field, Milton; Kittredge Haskins, Brattle- 
 boro; L. H. Talcott, Williston; Geo. W. Randall, 
 Waterbnr.v. 
 
 1874: J. W. Currier, Troy; Cloud Harvey, 
 Peacham; Otis N. Kelton, Montgomery; A. S. 
 Martin, Plainfield; Chas. B. Parsons. Cambridge; 
 
 E. Henry Powell, Richford; Horace Adams, 
 Maidstone; James L. Martin, Londonderry. 
 
 1876: H. P. Cummings, Thetford; Wm. H. 
 DuBois, Randolph; Frank M. Page, Groton; 
 D. D. Fairbanks, Newark; Nathaniel Townshend, 
 Plainfield. 
 
 1878: M. T. Goodell, Woodbury; J. H. Jack- 
 son, Barre; C. G. Peck, Hinesburg; B. P. White, 
 Barre; J. G. Jeinne, Enosburg; Geo. Howes, 
 Moretown; S. N. Palmer, Morristown; C. H. 
 Stearns, Johnson. 
 
 1880: P. D. Pike, Stowe; M. W^ Wheelock, 
 Montpelier; Chas. Ripley, Poultney; W^ P. Smith, 
 St. Johnsbury; C. S. Palmer, Jericho; D. S. Fur- 
 guson, Walden; J. H. Witherell, Bridport. 
 
 1882: Daniel Sherwin, Jamaica; E. M. 
 Allen, Ferrisburg; O. G. Eaton, Waitsfield; L. A. 
 Kent, Hardwick: F. M. Plumley, Sherburne; 
 
 G. W. Randall, Waterbury; A. B. Tewksbury, 
 Randolph; Geo. W’. Wing, Montpelier; J. V. 
 Stevens, Waterville; J. B. Pirchard, Bradford; 
 R. E. Wilcox, Georgia: A. F. Kennedy, Barre; 
 Frank Plumley, Northtield; N. W. Fisk. Isle liU 
 Motte; C. J. Bell, Walden. 
 
 1884: Geo. Davis, East Montpelier; G. B. 
 Evans, Waterbury; W. H. Fullerton, Manches- 
 ter; Lyman Gilbert, Enosburg; H. P. Martin, 
 Marshfield; Ii'a C. Calif, Washington; F. D. Hale, 
 Lunenburg; Henry Glover, Groton; R. .1. Flint, 
 Bethel; H. D. Holton, Brattleboro. 
 
 1886: S. D. Allen, Barre; Thomas C. Keyes, 
 Newbury; M. J. Landon, New Haven; Wm. B. 
 Mayo, Northfield; D. F. Rood, Jericho; Wm. B. 
 Simpson, Greensboro; J. A. Perkins, Bakersfield; 
 Fred E. Smith, Montpelier; E. H. Martin. Wil- 
 liamstown: Hiland Holden. Pittsford; John W, 
 Brown, Goshen; John Brush, Fletcher; Frank H, 
 Parker, Essex; C. H. Stearns, Johnson; Zed S. 
 Stanton, Roxbury. 
 
 1888: G. M. Campbell, Lyndon; F. W. Davis, 
 Baker.sfield; Chas. Dole, Northfield; C. S, Emery,. 
 Chelsea; D. G. Furman, Swanton; Wyman Gor- 
 don, Grand Isle; Don. D. Grout, Waterbury; Geo. 
 
 H. Ladd, Middlesex; Z. M. Mansur, Newport; 
 H. H. Moulton, Newark; C. P. Pitkin, Montpe- 
 lier; C. S. Skinner, Barton; Geo. E. Stebbins,. 
 Sheldon; John B. Thompson, Waitsfield; A. L. 
 Bingham, W'illiston; Geo. W. Lynde, Williams- 
 town; H. O. W^'orthen, Barre; W. E. Hanks. Bris- 
 tol; S. A. Brownell, Essex Junction. 
 
 1890: E. S. f'leury. Isle I<a Motte; W^alton 
 Blakely, Pawlet; E. M. Brown, Sheldon; A. A. 
 Byington, Charhdte; P. S. Chamberlain, Brad- 
 ford; W. H. Cloigston, Norwich; G. W. Davis, 
 Waterbur.v; W. N. Gove, Lincoln; J. A. .Tames, 
 Middlebury: Edward Wells, Burlington; James 
 M. Ping, Barre; R. j. Gleason, Waitsfield; .1. K. 
 Darling. Chelsea: D. it. Brown, Goshen; F. A, 
 Thomas, Hubbardton; C. W. Brownell, Burling- 
 ton; E. C. Smith, St. Albans; F. D. Proctor, Proc- 
 tor. 
 
 1892: Geo. F. I.eland, S[)ringfield ; A. H. 
 Cheney, Stowe: B. J. Clark, (fiiarlotte; J. W. 
 Dillon, Barre; 1^. H. Elliott, Watei-bury; Tjeonard 
 Fish. Ira: A. A. Hall, St. Albans; C. f). Holton, 
 Newbury: F. G. Howland, Barre; H. A. Jackson„ 
 Waterville; .Jos. VV'. Lavigne, fkilchester; T. C. 
 
LEGISLATORS OF 1904 PRESENT. 
 
 :14 
 
 McCarthy, Fctyston; S. Newton, Johnson; Will 
 C. Peck. Samlgate; Juan Robinson, South Hero; 
 J. C. Weld, Enosljurg; Burton Kent, Panton; 
 Blbridg-e Perry. Pomtret; F. B. Hammond, Troy; 
 C. E. Corinth. Charleston; L. C. Chapin, Jericho. 
 
 1894: R. E. Beard, Orange; E. C. Blanchard, 
 Newport; S. K. Burbank, Pittsford; A. B. Com- 
 stock, South Burlington ; R. S. Currier, Barre; 
 N. S. Johnson, Williston; C. S. Joslin, Waitsfield; 
 Wm. Nathaniel, Poultney; J. F. Shipman, Water- 
 bury; John E. Sinnott, Bakersfield; E. R. Wells, 
 Middlesex; C. M. Winslow, Brandon; A. J. Love- 
 land, Dorset; Rev. C. H. Coolidge, Newbury; 
 M. H. Miller. Pomfret; Orrice Ballard, Georgia; 
 C. C. Tier, Waltham; Wallace Robinson, South 
 Hero; O. L. Farr, Morgan; Dyer Leffingwell, 
 Middletown Springs; N. S. Shepardson, Fletcher; 
 C. H. Grout, Townshend; Frank A. Smith, Wat- 
 erbur^s D. G. Hathaway, Tinmouth; A. G. Stone, 
 Wallingford: L. W. Ravlin, Colchester; C. C. 
 
 Bresse, Sudbury; Alfred E. Watson, Hartford; 
 W. W. Stickney, Ludlow. 
 
 1896: H. W, Allen, Burlington; S. N. Allen, 
 Ferrisburg; A. S. Bingham, Vergennes; E. E. 
 Cowles. Middlebury: Geo. S. Foster. Putney: 
 
 F. H. Sibley, Montpelier; Allen C. Slade, Spring- 
 field; F. W. Mason, Barnet; L. D. Tillotson, 
 Washington; B. A. Bowker, Bloomfield; A. E. 
 
 Tolman, Greensboro; F. A. Bragg, Fayston; S. F. 
 Leonard, Pomfret; E. J. Perry, Chittenden; Q. A. 
 Whitehill, Ryegate; O, C. Sawyer, Sharon; F. 
 Farrington, Walden; H. M. Stone, Swanton; H. R. 
 Clift, Middletown Springs. 
 
 1898: J. W^ Horrison, Groton; F. W. Hast- 
 ings. Waterford; F. G. Wyman, Peru; M. N. 
 Ayer, Pittsford; J. L. Bacon, Hartford; W^ E. 
 Bliss, Calais; R. E. Brown, W^illiston; T. A. 
 
 Chase. Bradford; W. F. Clark, Glover; H. E. 
 
 Comings, Richford; Chas. Downer, Sharon; Geo. 
 A. Foote, Charlotte; C. W. Gates, Franklin; M. B. 
 Gove, Lincoln; M, S. Hathaway, Calais; H. J. 
 Hyde, Salisbury; G. L. .Johnson, Johnson; E. B. 
 Jorden, Jericho; H. W. Ladd, Grand Isle; R. P. 
 Lord, Barre; G. D. Nash, Colchester; H. W. 
 Nichols, Middlesex; A. G. Osgood;, Randolph; 
 H. C. Parker, Elmore; W. V. Phelps, Enosbung; 
 
 F. W. Pierce, Chester; E. W^ Robbins, Athens; 
 C. O. Sheldon, Highgate; W. H. Silsby, Newbury; 
 T. R. Stiles, Newbury; Geo. A. Tilden, Roxbury; 
 C. H. Cobb, Westford; Dan. H. Orvis, Starks- 
 boro; F. H. Cleveland, Braintree; O. D. Owen, 
 Barton; W. S. Shattuck, Weston; H. E. Wood- 
 ward, Middletown Springs; Ezra Kinsbury, War- 
 ren; J. A. Caldwell, Topsham; W. R. Rand, New- 
 fane. 
 
 1900: F. W^. Baldwin, Barton; H. C. Bruce, 
 Sharon; A. E. Bryant, W^eston; J. E. Crossett, 
 Waterbury; L. Davis, Pomfret; J. A. DeBoer, 
 Montpelier; J. H. Donaldson, Grand Isle; A, W. 
 Foote, Middlebury; F. L. Graves, Colchester; 
 C. H. Green. Canaan; J. M. Harwood, Rupert; 
 
 G. E. Huntington, W^ashington; Henry Janes, 
 Waterbury; S. G. Lewis, Barton; E. W. Lyford, 
 Peacham; W’’. T. McLam, Ryegate; Prank Mc- 
 W^'horter, Barre; G. E. Moody, Waterbury; Dan- 
 iel O’Brien, South Burlington; A. A. Olmstead, 
 Newbury; H. P. Simpson, Sheffield; C. F. Smith, 
 Morristown; W^. D. Stewart, Bakersfield; .1. C, 
 Taylor, West W'indsor; F. P. Tewksbury, W^or- 
 cester; Homer Thrasher, Newport. 
 
 1902: .T. E. Allard, Colchester; Z. H. Ellis, 
 
 Fair Haven: E. A. Fisk. Fayston; L. M. Greene, 
 Bethel; G. B. Hatch. Groton; T^. J. Heath, Brad- 
 
 ford; W. T. Keyes, Roxbury: H. T. Seaver, Bar- 
 ton; Geo. Townes, Bridport; H. E. Wilcox. Thet- 
 ford; O. B. Wood, Georgia; M. D. Bowker, Lun- 
 enburg; G. B. Place, Jay; E. T. Hoskins, Rich- 
 ford; B. B. Blake, Eden; C. F. Stafford, Claren- 
 don; S. B. Taylor, Windhall; A. M. Benjamin, 
 Woodbury; W. J. Trevillian, Hardwick; R. C. 
 Smith, Sandgate; F. J. Nelson, Pawlet; J. J. 
 Dewey, Hartford. 
 
 LEGISLATORS OF J904 PRESENT. 
 
 There was a large attendance at the celebra- 
 tion of the members of the Legislature of 1904. 
 Nearly every Senator and a majority of the Rep- 
 resentatives were present at the meeting of the 
 Legislative Reunion Association. The list of 
 members of the Senate by counties is as follows: 
 Addison, W. A. Jjawrence, John A. James; Ben- 
 nington, Fred I... Mattison, Joseph W. Fowler; 
 Caledonia. L. P. Slack, H. P. Simpson; Chitten- 
 den, C. S. Isham, C. S. Ashley, A. T. Stevens; 
 Essex, Arthur T. Holbrook; Franklin, C, S. Par- 
 ker, C. S. Hawley; Grand Isle, Juan Robinson; 
 Lam.oille, F, H. Fullington; Orange, Chester 
 Dickey, H. T. Baldwin; Orleans, Geo. H. Prouty, 
 C. S, Skinner; Rutland, H. O. Carpenter, W. H. 
 Rowland, D. D. Burditt; Washington, Wm. A. 
 Lord, O. G. Eaton, Merton D. Wells; Windham, 
 George W. Pierce, John H. Ware; Windsor, Allen 
 M. Fletcher, E. .1. Fish, James C. Taylor. 
 
 Among Representatives present were: Geo. 
 Aitken, Woodstock; J. Walter Atwood, Cornwall; 
 O. D. Bacon, Elmore; E. H. Bailey, Barre Town; 
 F. H. Bickford, Bradford; R. H. Brown, Frank- 
 lin; E. R. Campbell, Rockingham; C. C. Fitts, 
 Brattleboro; Geo. A. Smith, Rutland; Ira G. 
 Chase, St. George; Orlando Clark, East Montpe- 
 lier; G. J. Cook, Orange; C. H. Dana, Wood- 
 bury; E. J. Davis, Chester; C. F. Eddy, Stowe; 
 Freeman Farman, Lowell; R. B. Galusha, Roy- 
 alton; Geo, L. Greeley, Rochester; John F. Hatch, 
 Groton; H, L. Hines, Wolcott; W. W, Jones, 
 Hancock; Homer A. Leisure, Readsboro; J. L. 
 Lewis, Troy; A. E. Lovejoy, Moretown; Michael 
 Malone, Fair Haven; Benj. Manchester, Ryegate; 
 
 H. M. Maxfield, Johnson; S. M. Nutting, West- 
 minster; G. Herbert Pape, Barre; P. H, Patten, 
 West Rutland; W. M. Phelps, Barnet; F. W. 
 Pieroe, Fairlee; W. A. Ricker, St. Johnsbury; 
 F. L. Russell, Shrewsbury; Geo. C. Sanborn, 
 Northfield; H. H. Shaw, Marlboro; A. AV. Silsby, 
 Newbury; C. H. Stevens, Colchester; G. O. Strat- 
 ton, Montpelier; W. H. Taft, AA’'altham; W. E. 
 Tucker, Thetford; S. B. Waite, Hyde Park; M. E. 
 Wilcox. Benson; A. E. Covell, Berlin; C. L. 
 Gates, Morristown; D. G. K. Hunt, Worcester; 
 W. E. Granger, AVilliamstown ; Geo. E. Sanders, 
 Calais; Edw. Miller, Barnard; Linus Leavens, 
 Cambridge; AA’^m. A. Lee, Lincoln; AAA L. Park, 
 Lyndon; G. C. Granfield, Fayston; J. H. Trum- 
 bull, Pawlet; Harry M. Fay, Williston; Reuben 
 Bentley, Sandgate; H. K. Darling, Chelsea; D. L, 
 Hilliard, Cabot; G. AA^. Davis, Duxbury; G, C. 
 Granfield. Fayston; S. E. Dwinell, Marshfield; 
 H. W. Nichols, Middlesex; D. J. O’Sullivan, St. 
 Albans City; G. O. Stratton, Montpelier; Fred 
 Perrin, Plainfield; G. A. Tilden, Roxbury; Guy 
 H. Start, Bakersfield; G. H. Newcomb, AVaits- 
 field; Plyna Parker. AA’arren; J. F. Shipman, 
 AVaterbury; C. H. Dana, AA^orcester; V. A. Bul- 
 lard, Burlington. 
 
PRESENT AND FORMER STATE OFFICERS AT THE CELEBRATION. 35 
 
 EDWARD C. SMITH, 
 GOVERNOR iSgS-igoo. 
 
 ZOPHAR M. MANSUR 
 EIEU'J -GOV. 1 804 96 - 
 
 NELSON W, FISK, 
 LIEUT-GOV. i 3 o 6 -o 8 . 
 
 MARTIN F. ALLEN, 
 I.IEUT-GOV. I0GO O2. 
 
 ZED S. STANTON, 
 LIEUT-GOV. 1002-04 
 
 JAMES L. MARTIN, 
 SPEAKER 1878-84. 
 
 KITTREDGE HASKINS. 
 SI’EAKER i8o8-0(;. 
 
 FLErcHER D. PROCTOR, 
 SPE.AKER 1000-2. 
 
 WILLIAM H. DU DOIS, 
 STATE 'I REASURER 1882-00. 
 
36 PRESENT AND FORMER STATE OFFICERS AT THE CELEBRATION 
 
 E. HEXKY POWELL, 
 STATE AUDITOR, 1878-92. 
 
 CHAUXCEY W. BROWNELL. 
 SECRETARY OF STATE, 1890-98. 
 
 FRED A. HOWLAND, 
 SECRETARY OF STATE, 1898-02. 
 
 IF THIS 
 CENTENNIAL 
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 Should be sent with One Dollar 
 FOR A Year’s Subscription. :::::: 
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 NUMBER FREE. : : : : : address 
 
 C. $. Torbes, Pub., $t. flibans, Uf. 
 
 It is too late 
 
 to think of insurance when 
 the house is in flames. H 
 The time to consider it is 
 all the time previous to this 
 We can help you reach 
 a decision as to the amount 
 
 INSU RANGE I 
 
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 premises, stock, residence, 
 furniture, etc. The best 
 Companies and the 1 t 
 LOWEST RATES 
 
 I Joseph Q. Brown, I 
 
 Montpelier, Vt. | 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Opera House Block, 
 Tel. 109-3 
 
 ► TO COLLECTORS OF ◄ 
 
 g Soavepir Postal C^rds! 
 
 E have handsome Colored Postal Cards of the^ 
 ^ Vermont and other State Capitol buildings,^ 
 
 r and various Vermont vie-ws; Lake George, J 
 
 r Adirondack and White Mountain scenes, as well as^ 
 r the principal cities and points of interest in the United^ 
 ^States and Europe, comprising several thousand kinds ^ 
 
 ^ Price 30c. per doz.,or $2.00 per 100. Postpaid. 
 
 ► A large line colored Comic Cards same price. 
 
 ^ Collectors ordering by mail will please state as^ 
 Pclearly as possible what is wanted, and we will en-^ 
 Pdeavor to fill their orders in a satisfactory manner,^ 
 ^exchanging any not wanted if postage is sent. ^ 
 
 Also have Postal Card Albums fromlSc. to $4.00 each, ^ 
 holding from 25 to 1,000 cards. ^ 
 
 Handsome Illuminated Xmas and New Year’s Postal ^ 
 Cards 5c* each or 50c. a dozen. ^ 
 
 We have just published some 40 or more Postal^ 
 ►Cards of the State House and principal buildings,^ 
 ►stores, etc., showing same as decorated for Centennial 4 
 ►Celebration, Montpelier, Vt., Oct. 4, 1905; also .several^ 
 ►views of the procession, M 
 
 ^ Price 3c. each or 2 for 5c; 20c. per doz. ^ 
 
 ^ As a special offer we will send a set of 10 cards ^ 
 ►postpaid, all different, for 55G. in stamps. ^ 
 
 ► We have a very handsome view of the State Cap-^ 
 ►itol building, showing it as decorated for Centennial^ 
 ►Celebration, on a nice finished coated thin paper, suit-^ 
 ►able for pasting on mount board to frame; also on a^ 
 ►heavy high finished board. Size of picture about^ 
 
 N qV 2 on a card 10 x 12. Price on paper 5c. if in 4 
 
 ► tube to protect same, add 3c.) Price on heav^y high^ 
 ►finished board loc. postpaid. Address plainly. 
 
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THE VERMONTEK— ADVEUTISEMENTS. 
 
 37 
 
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 Anderson’s Patent Traveling Cranes. Boom Derricks up to 100 Tons Capacity. 
 
 DERRICK TURNING GEARS, STEAM OR AIR. 
 
 Special Machines and devices, and we do Job and Repair Work in the best possible man- 
 ner. We also deal in Steam, Electric and Air Machinery, and Mill supplies. 
 
 ' 1 We Shall be Pleased to Send You our New Catalogues. 
 
 j Lane Manufacturing Co., '"veST 
 
 You will confer a favor if you mention “The Vermonter” when you write to advertisers. 
 
38 
 
 THE VEHMONTEli— ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 1 VERMONT-- 
 
 f\utual Fire losuraoce (o., 
 
 MONTPELIER, VERMONT. 
 
 PRESENT BUILDING WAS ERECTED IN 1869. 
 
 CARRYING INSURANCE FCR 
 FORTY-THREE THOUS- 
 AND VERMONTERS. 
 
 Amount Insured : 
 
 1 $70»264i493-oo 
 
 1 ® 
 
 1 
 
 ' Capital and Assets : 
 
 $5,998,905,00 
 
 HAS LOCAL AGENT IN 
 , EVERY TOWN. 
 
 C. H. 
 
 CROSS & SON, 
 
 101 Main St., 
 
 MONTPELIER, VT. 
 
 T he inception of the Montpelier 
 Crackers is not quite a century 
 old but it is over three-quarters of a 
 century, and we are still making the 
 same cracker, only better every day. 
 
 G. H. 
 
 CROSS & SON, 
 
 101 Main St., 
 
 MONTPELIER, VT 
 
 C. H. 
 
 CROSS & SON, 
 
 101 Main St., 
 
 MONTPELIER, VT. 
 
 is known all over the State and by all Ver- 
 monters who live in other States as being 
 what we advertise “TH E BEST IN THE 
 WORLD.” No table is complete with- 
 out them. 
 
 WE MANUFACTURE A LARGE LINE OF FINE 
 CONFECTIONERY AND HANDLE A GREAT MANY 
 CIGARS AND NUTS. 
 
 C. H. 
 
 CROSS & SON, 
 
 101 Main St., 
 
 MONTPELIER, VT. 
 
 You wil! confer a favor if you mention ‘‘The Vermonter” when you write to advertisers. 
 
THE VERMONTEH— ADVEirnSEMEXTS 
 
 
 JAMES W. BROCK, PRESIDENT. 
 
 HERBERT F. BRIGHAM, VICE-PRESIDENT. 
 HARLAN W. KEMP, SECRETARY 
 
 RALPH B. DENNY, ASS*T SECRETARY 
 
 XHnion flibutual 
 3fire 
 
 gflnsurance (rompan>2v! 
 
 flDontpcUcr, IPermont. 
 
 I jliiierican fidelity 
 
 Company 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 MONTPELIER, VT. 
 
 OFFICERS : 
 
 TAMES W. BROCK. 
 
 Pre.^^ident 
 
 EDWARD WELLS. 
 FRED A. HOWLAND, 
 Vice Presidents 
 HARLAN W. KEMP, 
 
 Secretary 
 
 RALPH B. DENNY, 
 
 T reasurer 
 
 W 
 
 Capital, $ 250,000.00 
 
 SURETY BONDS, 
 
 EIABIEITY INSURANCE, 
 
 ACCIDENT INSURANCE, 
 
 BURGEARY INSURANCE 
 
 You wiil confer a favor If you mention ‘‘The Vermonter” when you write to advertisers. 
 
 J 
 
m ftHNUfIL STATCnEliT OE THE 
 
 national Cite Insurance 
 
 eompany, [ rnmnal | ^cntlOttt 
 
 January 1 , 1905 , 
 
 CASH INCOME. 
 
 Premiums, " ' “ " QQQ’Jgsis 
 
 iQterest and Rents, - - 1,383,088.38 
 
 Considerations tor Annuities, 414,742.u.i 
 
 TOTAL, 
 
 $ 6,895,013.54 TOTAL, 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS. 
 
 Death Claims, - - - - $1,115,833.78 
 
 Dividends and Annuities, - - 320,959.01 
 
 Endowments and Surrender Val’s, 993,295.92 
 Expenses, Taxes, Commissions 
 
 and Premium on Bonds, - 1,532,328.95 
 
 Income Saved, 2,932,595.88 
 
 - - • - $6,895,013.54 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 U. S. state and Munic’l Bonds, $11,447,295.00 
 
 Mortgages, First Liens, - 
 Policy Loans and Premium 
 I*4ot©s — " " * 
 
 Real Estate, Book Value, 
 
 Stocks, - - - - 
 
 Loans on Collateral, 
 
 Cash, in Banks and Oflace, 
 
 Interest and Rents due and 
 
 Deferred and Unreported Prems., 640,878.70 
 
 1.271.53 
 
 12,153,742.02 
 
 4,198,627.42 
 
 1,215,479.08 
 
 380,586.00 
 
 16,500.00 
 
 819,998.41 
 
 524,078.51 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Insurance Reserves, - ■ $25,599,592.69 
 
 Annuity Reserves, • • 1,773,904.17 
 
 Extra Reserves, - - ■ 282,705.31 
 
 Trust Fund Reserves, - - 68,610.99 
 
 Death Claims under adjustment, 27,192.69 
 
 Liabilities, - - - - 188,371.92 
 
 SURPLUS, 
 
 Duo from Agents, 
 
 TOTAL, - 
 
 $31,398,453.67 TOTAL, 
 
 $3,458 075.90 
 
 - $31,398,453.67 
 
 j 
 
 THE YEAR 1904 SHOWS: \ 
 
 Increase In Insurance, - - - 
 
 Increase In Assets, . - ■ • 
 
 Increase In Income, - - - - 
 
 Increase In Payments to Policy-holders, 
 Increase In Surplus, - - - - 
 
 Insurance Issued, . - - • 
 
 Insurance In Force, - - - - 
 
 $ 9 , 068,776 
 3 , 034,656 
 4 14,550 
 372,283 
 529,766 
 23 , 961,694 
 134 , 761,554 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 JOSEPH A. DE BOER, - President 
 JAMES T. PHELPS, - Vice-President 
 JAMES B. ESTEE, - 2d Vice President 
 OSMAN D. CLARK. - Secretary 
 
 HARRY M. CUTLER, - Treasurer 
 A. B. BISBEE, M. D., Medical Director 
 CLARENCE E. MOULTON, - Actuary 
 FRED A. HOWLAND, - - Counsel 
 
 DIRFCXOR9 
 
 Wm. P. Dillingham. 
 
 W. Seward Webb. 
 Joseph A. De Boer. 
 John G. McCullough. 
 Harrt M. Cutler. 
 James B. Estee. 
 
 George 
 
 W. W. Sticknet. 
 Charles Dewev, 
 Fred E. Smith, 
 DUDLEY C. Dennison 
 James T. Phelps. 
 George Briggs. 
 
 L Benedict. 
 
 S. S. Ballard, Gen’l Agt., Montpelier. 
 
 T. S. Peck, Gen’l Agt., Burlington. 
 
 W. W. Sprague, Gen’l Agt., St. Johnsbury. 
 
 B. S. Kinsley, Gen’l Agt., Rutland. 
 
 R. W. Hulburd, Gen’l Agt., Hyde Park. 
 
 H. E. Taylor & Son, Gen’i Agts., Brattleboro. 
 
3 0112 049401695