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 St Paul's Cathedral as a Witness for Christ 
 
 A SEEMON 
 
 rHEACIlED IN THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF ST PAUL 
 
 ON THE 
 
 FEAST OF THE CONVERSION OF ST PAUL 
 
 1880 
 
 EGBERT GEEGORY, M.A. 
 
 CANON OF ST PAUL S 
 
 PUBLISHED BY BEQUEST 
 
 LONDON 
 
 [National Society's Deposito i^ 
 
 BROAD SANCTUARY, WESTMINSTER 
 1880
 
 LONrOS : PRINTED BY 
 
 6P0ITISW00DB AXD CO., NKW-STREEr BQrAnK 
 
 AND PARLIAMBNT STREET
 
 SEEMON. 
 
 For tlwu slialt he His witness unto all men of tvJiat tJiou hast seen 
 and heard. Acts xxii. 15, 
 
 St. Paul, in his speech to the excited crowd at Jeru- 
 salem, from whose murderous hands he had been rescued by 
 the chief captain and a band of Roman soldiers, tells us 
 much concerning his conversion that is not recorded in St. 
 Luke's account of that important event. Our text supplies 
 part of the omitted narrative. It describes part of the 
 great office to which Saul of Tai'sus was called. He was 
 to be a witness for Christ. Whether men would hear or 
 Avhether they would forbear ; whether they would believe 
 to the saving of their souls, or reject the counsel of God 
 against themselves, his office would be equally fulfilled, his 
 responsibility equally discharged. As to his great Master 
 had been applied the words of Isaiah, * Lord, who hath 
 believed our report? and to whom hath the arm of the 
 Lord been revealed ? ' ' so he must expect that his 
 witness to that Master would meet with blind eyes and 
 hard hearts. But nevertheless, whatever the issue, his wit- 
 ness for Christ was certain to accomplish that thing Avhere- 
 unto it was appointed, whether that issue proved a savour 
 of life unto life or of death unto death in those that heard it. 
 This office we know that St. Paul fulfilled ; he went every- 
 where preaching the word ; his witness for Christ led mul- 
 titudes to a saving knowledge of the truth ; whilst still 
 
 ' Isaiah liii. 1.
 
 greater multitudes who heard that Avitness practically said 
 in their hearts, ' What doth this babbler say ? ' 
 
 In dedicating this great Church by the name of St. Paul 
 we can well imagine that our forefathers hoped that it would 
 prove to this chief city of the land Avhat St. Paul was to 
 many countries and nations — a witness for Christ — a witness 
 by its size and majesty to the greatness of Him whose glory 
 and honour it was to fbrthtell ; a witness by the character 
 and excellency of its services to the beauty of holiness ; a 
 witness by the frequent proclamation of the gospel within 
 and without its walls to the truths of our most holy religion ; 
 a witness by the zeal and devotion of those appointed to 
 minister at its shrines to the love and the tender compassion 
 of the great Master whose servants they are. And as the 
 witness of the great apostle only partially profited the mul- 
 titudes to whom it was addressed, so in like manner it was 
 not to be expected that the witness which the Cathedral of 
 London would make for good to the still greater multitudes 
 who would gaze upon its fair proportions, or take part in the 
 services within its walls, would be more successful. 
 
 And, moreover, however sanguine its founders might be, 
 they could not hope that there would be a never-failing 
 succession of men, endowed with the purity of heart, the 
 singleness of purpose, the devotion of life by which the great 
 apostle was distinguished. It was to be expected that 
 those who occupied the seat of authority in this cathedral 
 would share to some extent, at all events, in the foibles and 
 frailty of the men by whom they were surrounded, in the 
 errors or superstitions or tendencies to unbelief by which the 
 face of the Church might be defiled in the course of ages. 
 The Cathedral of St. Paul was to be Christ's great 
 witness in this city ; but as such witness had to be heralded 
 by men, it has at times been feeble and imperfect, and has 
 sounded forth the weaknesses and the errors and the un- 
 worthiness of the witnesses, as well as the glory and excel- 
 lences of Him to whom they were to witness. 
 
 It is interesting for us who have entered upon the labours 
 of those who have preceded us to take account of what those
 
 labours have been, and of the successes and failures with Avhich 
 they have been attended. Upon what varied scenes of zeal 
 and apathy, of earnestness for God and indolent self-seeking, 
 of devotion and neglect, of joy in triumph and of sorrow in 
 defeat ; of all that tells of a nation's greatness and of that 
 which bespoke this nation's degradation ; of supreme efforts 
 to surround the worship of God with all that could impress 
 the senses, and of a determiuation not less resolute to mani- 
 fest its scorn and hatred for what had once been considered 
 holy, have the walls of the Cathedral of St. Paul looked 
 down. Nor have the changes in the circumstances and 
 condition of those who have dwelt around them been less 
 varied or striking. The first Cathedral dedicated to St. Paul, 
 we are told by the Venerable Bede, was erected on this site 
 very shortly after the arrival of St. Augustine and his com- 
 panions at the close of the sixth century, and tradition 
 asserts that one of the estates still belonginoj to the cathedral 
 was the gift of Ethelbert, King of England and Bretwalda, 
 to whom Augustine preached, and who was the founder of 
 the cathedral. Whether he was the donor of the manor 
 which I have just named cannot be positively proved, though 
 it is highly probable, but this is certain, that all the estates 
 of any size or value Avliich remained in possession of the 
 cathedral until this generation were given before the Nor- 
 man Conquest, as they appear in the records of the time. 
 It is then to the piety of our Saxon forefathers, and not 
 to any later benefactors, that this cathedral is indebted for 
 the funds by which its fabric and services are sustained. 
 The gifts of a later age were confiscated by that which suc- 
 ceeded it, and the costly offerings which were made by the 
 devout or the superstitious in the middle ages were ruth- 
 lessly seized and squandered by an unscrupulous king and 
 his rapacious courtiers and nobles. And as the advancing 
 tide of prosperity has flowed in upon this great city, and the 
 value of property within its borders increased, some of the 
 cathedral estates have shared in the prosperity ; but by such 
 increase the wealth of the cathedral itself has not been added 
 to, inasmuch as five-sixths of what was dedicated to the
 
 <5 
 
 maintenance of this cathedral and its services by our Saxon 
 forefathers has been wisely diverted to the support of clergy- 
 men in poor and neglected districts, whilst only so much 
 has been left to the cathedral as was absolutely required for 
 its fitting sustentation. 
 
 Of what kind or character was the first cathedral that 
 stood on this site we know little or nothing. It was pro- 
 bably what would seem to us a small and rude structure, 
 fitted to the wants of those who built it, corresponding to 
 the ideas of beauty and suitability entertained at the time ; 
 and possibly regarded by the men of the period when 
 it was erected with as much reverence and affection as is 
 felt by us towards the glorious building in which we are 
 now assembled. What is really known about it is 
 that * when this province received the word of truth 
 by the preaching of Mellitus, King Ethelbert built the 
 Church of St. Paul in the city of London, where he and his 
 successors should have their episcopal see ; ' and that London, 
 the metropolis of the province of the East Saxons, was ' the 
 mart of many nations resorting to it by sea and land.' ' To 
 attain to this character at the beginning of the seventh century 
 was easier than it would now be ; and it is probable that we 
 should look upon the London that then was as little more 
 than a village or small town. But from what the chronicler 
 says it is clear that it was a most important matter for 
 Christ to have a witness in the cathedral church of this mart 
 of commerce, and that it would attract the notice, and we 
 hope lead to the conversion of many, of the heathen people 
 amongst whom it was placed. 
 
 For nearly five centuries this cathedral fulfilled the 
 great end for which it was erected, but of the manner in 
 which this was accomplished we know little. It was pro- 
 bably used not infrequently for state ceremonials until 
 Edward the Confessor reared his noble church of St. Peter, 
 Westminster. But this first St. Paul's did not long outlive 
 the conquest of England by the Normans. In the last year 
 of the reign of William the Conqueror it was destroyed by 
 
 ' Bede's Ecc. Hist, book ii. c. 3.
 
 fire. And then in that age for building magnificent 
 churches a second cathedral quickly arose, worthy of the 
 city whose spiritual centre it was to be, and of the site on 
 which it was to stand. Extensive purchases were made of 
 houses near the site of the old cathedral, so as to secure 
 ample space for the vast and costly structure which the 
 Bisho}) of London resolved to have erected, and which was 
 largely built with money furnished by the self-sacrificing 
 liberality and zeal of more than one Bishop of the 
 Diocese. 
 
 This cathedral was to be the spiritual centre of more 
 than the diocese of which it was the head. Once within 
 the walls of the recently destroyed cathedral there had 
 been assembled under Archbishop Lanfranc a great council 
 of the bishops and abbots of the realm ; but from this time 
 forward for many centuries St. Paul's was to be the ordin- 
 ary meeting place of the bishops and the Convocation of 
 the southern province. To St. Paul's the two houses of 
 the Convocation of Canterbury are still summoned, and 
 until the middle of the reign of Henry VIII. the business 
 of Convocation was transacted in its Chapter House. 
 Since then Convocation is appointed to meet at St. Paul's, 
 but after listening to a Latin sermon and electing its prolo- 
 cutor, it is adjourned to Westminster, where its ordinary 
 sittings are held. But it was in St. Paul's that many of 
 the earlier canons affecting the doctrine and discipline of 
 the Church were ordained by the bishops and clergy ; in St. 
 Paul's that the papal legates fulfilled the commissions en- 
 trusted to them by their masters; in St. Paul's that the 
 clergy, led by the Bishop of Worcester (Walter de 
 Cantilupe) in the reign of Henry III., successfully resisted 
 the demand of the Pope to secure increased authority for 
 his dispensations, and afterwards rejected the Pope's demand 
 for a third of the ecclesiastical revenues of the country ; in 
 St. Paul's that in the days of the Lollards many were sum- 
 moned to answer for their departure from the faith as 
 j)0pularly held ; in St. Paul's in the early days of the Re- 
 formation that several witnesses to the reformed tenets de-
 
 8 
 
 livered their testimony wlieu called upon to answer for the 
 errors with which they were charged ; and it was, I fear, in 
 St. Paul's that some of them were condemned to a cruel 
 death by fire in the neighbouring open space at Smithfield. 
 Most, if not all, the important proceedings in Convocation 
 at the Reformation period were transacted at West- 
 minster, whither the two Houses had recently trans- 
 ferred their sittings. It is a matter for regret that we no 
 longer possess the very buildings which were connected with 
 what was thus interesting and important in the history of 
 our Church, and it is one of the many reasons for lamenting 
 ihe ravages which the great fire of 1666 inflicted on this 
 great city, that we have thereby been deprived of the 
 interest which must ever attach to places where important 
 events have happened. It is true that our cathedral stands 
 very nearly on the site of the cathedral by which it was 
 preceded ; but it Is not less true that not one stone was al- 
 lowed to remain upon another of the building which then was. 
 But there was another way in which St. Paul's exercised 
 an important influence over the whole Church of England. 
 Shortly after it had been rebuilt, probably during the reign 
 of one of the earlier of the Angevin kings, there was reared 
 near the north-eastern corner of the choir Paul's Cross, 
 which soon became the great pulpit of the metropolis. The 
 exact date of the cross I am unable to give, but it must have 
 been very near the time I have named, as we find it in full 
 use about the end of the twelfth century. It seems strange 
 to us, perhaps, that with the vast cathedral close at hand the 
 people should have preferred sermons in the open air in 
 such a climate as ours, even though they were protected by 
 the covered galleries which were ranged along the wall of 
 the choir. But of the sermons preached at Paul's Cross 
 we hear more than we do of those preached within the cathe- 
 dral, though some of these latter attracted a good deal of 
 notice. Possibly the preacher might feel greater freedom 
 when speaking in the open air than when he was surrounded 
 by the sanctity of a consecrated building ; and in days when 
 there were no newspapers, and none of the many ways we
 
 now possess of placing the knowledge of passing events 
 before the people, the utterances at Paul's Cross might 
 in some measure have been made to fill up the void. For 
 at Paul's Cross there Avere other gatherings beside those 
 for hearing sermons. It Avaa here that in times of great 
 political excitement popular assemblies were held ; ' here 
 that Papal Bulls were promulgated ; here that excommuni- 
 cations were thundered out ; here that sinners of high posi- 
 tion did penance ; here that heretics knelt and read their re- 
 cantations, or, if obstinate, were marched off to Smithfield.' ^ 
 At the approach of the Reformation the sermons at Paul's 
 Cross became specially important. ' For the whole seven 
 years during which the divorce of Henry VIII. from 
 Catherine of Aragon was in agitation, the pulpit of St. Paul's 
 and the pulpit of Paul's Cross rang more or less loudly with 
 the arguments and invectives of the disputants on either side.' " 
 And ' when the final determination to abrogate the Pope's 
 supremacy had been arrived at, and the Act of Parliament 
 passed to that effect, care was taken to secure the pulpit of 
 Paul's Cross in favour of the Royal Supremacy.' ^ Through- 
 out the reign of Henry VIII. and his three children Paul's 
 Cross was a centre of religious excitement. Sometimes free- 
 dom was given to the advocates of the opposite principles 
 to set forth the cause which they espoused ; more frequently, 
 and especially in the reigns of Edward VI. and Queen Mary, 
 no voice was heard but that which upheld Avhat the Court 
 approved. In the former reign the destruction Avas urged 
 of all that was prized in the later one. As in the reign 
 of Edward the cathedral authorities retained with difficulty 
 a sufficient supply of necessary articles for divine service, so 
 from the pulpit of Paul's Cross would resound furious de- 
 nunciations of whatever was rich or costly in the cathedral, 
 in order that it might more easily become the prey of the 
 greedy and sacrilegious hands which destroyed much that was 
 beautiful, and ministered to edification and piety, together 
 with what tended to superstition and error. It was reserved 
 for later iconoclasts to destroy Paul's Cross ; and during the 
 
 ' Milman's Annals of St. Paul's, p. 164. " Ibid. p. 192. => Ibid. p. VJi.
 
 10 
 
 Great Rebellion, when it was proposed to sell St. Paul's to the 
 Jews for a synagogue or a mart of business, and when the 
 horses of the Parliamentary army are said to have been 
 stabled within the cathedral and skittles to have been played 
 in its neglected aisles, Paul's Cross was utterly demolished, 
 and it remained for our own day to expose the exact site on 
 which it stood. 
 
 But St. Paul's has been mixed up with the civil life of 
 the people who dwelt beneath its shadow as well as with 
 their religious life. It was within its walls that the Papal 
 interdict against the whole realm of England was read in 
 the days of King John ; there, too, that the interdict was 
 removed upon the King shamefully humbling himself before 
 tlie Papal legate, and doing homage to him as a vassal of 
 the Pope. In the same reign there met within the cathedral 
 the prelates, abbots, deans, priors, and barons of England, 
 to pledge themselves to support the liberties of England as 
 set forth in an old charter of Henry I. ; and there in the 
 next reign the great charter was solemnly published. 
 After the battle of Agincourt a Te Deum was sunoj in St. 
 Paul's as an act of national thanksgivino; for that great 
 victory. During the Wars of the Roses St. Paul's was the 
 scene of several important events. There Richard Duke of 
 York swore fealty to Henry VI. ; there, after the first 
 battle of St. Albans, there was a solemn procession by the 
 leading personages of the opposing parties in token of recon- 
 ciliation; there Henry VI. and Richard Duke of York a 
 few years later appeared, when the humbled king recognised 
 the duke as his successor to the prejudice of his own son ; and 
 there, too, after the second battle of St. Albans, Edward IV. 
 was received and acknowleged as king. In St. Paul's was 
 solemnised the marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of 
 Aragon, which was to lead to so much trouble to that un- 
 happy lady, and so much anxiety to the kingdom. It was 
 at St. Paul's that Queen Elizabeth returned solemn thanks 
 after the defeat of the Spanish Armada. 
 
 And then, after narrowly escaping destruction by fire in 
 the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and after being reduced to a
 
 11 
 
 miserable condition of filth and squalor and decay during 
 its sacrilegious desecration in the days of the Commonwealth, 
 the great fire of London, in 1666, so injured the noble 
 edifice, which had stood for nearly 600 years, that it had to 
 be levelled to the ground, in order that this building in 
 which Ave are now assembled might be reared to the honour 
 of God, and I trust for the benefit and salvation of His 
 people. It certainly speaks well for the noble devotion of 
 the citizens of London to the interests of religion and the 
 Church, that in the midst of their calamities, when their 
 great city had been reduced to ashes, and when there could 
 have been few amongst them who had not suffered grievously 
 in fortune by that catastrophe, they should have resolved 
 to build a new cathedral which should rival in beauty and 
 in size that which had perished, and that they should have 
 so cheerfully consented to tax themselves in order to fur- 
 nish a considerable portion of the very large funds which 
 were needed for the purpose. 
 
 During the two centuries which the present cathedral 
 has existed, it has been connected with the spiritual and 
 civil Kfe of this great metropolis, as its predecessors were. 
 It has at some times -witnessed earnestly for the great Master 
 to whose glory it was erected, and at others to the apathy of 
 those who professed to be His ministers ; at some times it has 
 been instrumental, as Avas the great ajjostle after Avhom it is 
 named, in bringing those living within the range of its influence 
 to a truer and better knowledge of the blessings of religion, 
 whilst at others it may have helped to make them satisfied Avith 
 mere external profession. It Avas Avhen Dr. Sancroft Avas dean 
 that its erection Avas resolved upon and commenced, and he Avas 
 afterwards, Avhen Archbishop of Canterbury, a staunch Avitness 
 for the principles Avhich he believed, by first boldly resisting 
 the attempts of the king to weaken the people's hold of the 
 religion they professed, and then by preferring to lose the high 
 position he occupied to trifling Avith the allegiance to Avhich 
 he was sworn. Since his day men Avho in different Avays 
 have left their mark upon the history of the Church have 
 filled the position of dean — Stillingfleet, Tillotson, Sherlock,
 
 12 
 
 Butler, Van Mildert, Coplestone, Milman, and Mansel — and 
 no doubt under their direction the cathedral assumed its 
 truer position; whilst on matters directly connected with 
 the national life, we find that in St. Paul's Queen Anne 
 frequently appeared to render thanks for the brilliant 
 victories won by British valour under the Duke of Marl- 
 borough ; in St. Paul's George III. returned thanks for his 
 recovery from the grievous malady which for a time ren- 
 dered him unequal to discharge the duties of his kingly 
 office ; and in our own day it was to St. Paul's that her 
 gracious Majesty came to return thanks for the wonderful 
 restoration to health of the Prince of Wales. 
 
 And so, fitfully and imperfectly it may be, but never- 
 theless on the whole effectively and successfully, has the 
 Cathedral of St. Paul fulfilled the purpose for which it was 
 erected — of witnessing for Christ. For centuries there 
 dwelt almost beneath its shadow the nobles and princes of 
 the land ; not only did the great and wealthy men connected 
 with the mercantile interests of the city live within its walls, 
 but also numbers of those who now seek for a residence at 
 the other end of the metropolis. The Cathedral of St. 
 Paul has seen London grow from a comparatively small 
 town, inhabited by a few thousand people, to a vast city with 
 a population more than twice as numerous as that which was 
 to be found in the whole of England when it was first built. 
 And as its surroundings have thus changed, so to some 
 extent has the character of the work which it is called upon 
 to fulfil. For a long time it would regularly gather within 
 its walls for worship many of the more illustrious and noble 
 and wealthy Avho lived near to it, whilst it exercised great 
 influence upon the tlieii resident clergy of the city, by its 
 position and the jurisdiction witli which it was endowed. 
 As the exigencies of trade have demanded Avitli ever in- 
 creasing power that its dwelling-houses should be converted 
 into marts of business, and that iis citizens should find 
 residences in the suburbs, it has necessarily followed that 
 those who live by night as well as by day within easy reach 
 of the cathedral have become much fewer in number ; but
 
 13 
 
 I trust that It speaks well for the piety and tlevotion of the 
 people of our own day, that so many are still found who 
 delight to take part in the services of St. Paul's, both on 
 Sundays and week days, and I more than question whether 
 at any time dui'ing its long and eventful history so many 
 worshippers were to be found within this house of God as 
 are now to be seen there. And whilst its sanctuary is thus 
 frequented by such multitudes of our own people, there 
 never can have been a time when such hosts of strano-ers 
 from all parts of the Avorld were being continually assembled 
 in this great city, and to whom St. Paul's must be a witness, 
 either for the great Master and for the truths professed by 
 His Church in this land, or to the apathy and want of 
 fervour of those charged with its administration. For in 
 our own day the claims of the Church of England to the 
 reverence and love of the nation have been much discussed 
 both at home and abroad, and Avhither shall men so naturally 
 come to satisfy themselves concerning the truth of these 
 claims as to this principal church of the principal city of the 
 empire ? Some years since, when I was on the Continent, 
 I Avas much struck with the interest manifested on all hands 
 about what was being done at St. Paul's, and more than 
 one foreigner assured me that whenever he came to London 
 he visited St. Paul's, that from it he might learn what was 
 now the standard of worship in the Church of England. 
 
 Of this great cathedral, therefore, it may be emphati- 
 cally said that it is as a city set upon a hill. It cannot be 
 hid. For good or for evil its influence must be widely 
 extended. As to England has been committed a vast 
 dominion, enormous wealth, great intellectual activity and 
 commercial enterprise, a political constitution which is the 
 admiration of the world, and as much liberty as it is pos- 
 sible for man to enjoy, it necessarily follows that people 
 come from all parts of the globe to study such portions of 
 our material, political, or moral condition as may specially 
 interest them. And can it be possible for them to study 
 these questions -without taking into account our national 
 religion ? For we have dark spots amongst us, dangerous
 
 14 
 
 and damaging blots upon what is fair and promising, social 
 and moral sores which are eating into our very life. If 
 we have more wealth than any other nation, we have, I 
 fear, deeper and more grinding poverty ; if we have much 
 intellectual culture, we have not less degrading ignorance ; 
 if we have great commercial activity, we have also an infi- 
 nite amount of fraudulent dealing, deception, and swindling ; 
 if there is much to admire in the theory of our institutions, 
 there is much to deplore in their actual working. If as a 
 nation we may command respect, is it not true that for a 
 fearfully large proportion of the individuals of whom that 
 nation is composed we can entertain only feelings of deep 
 sorrow and profound disgust, when we see them to be the 
 abandoned slaves of vice, of drunkenness, of lust, and of 
 all evil ? 
 
 It is when such things are witnessed and mourned over 
 that men anxiously turn their thoughts to that which 
 specially represents the religion of the country, and that 
 they eagerly ask what it is doing in order to oppose a 
 barrier against this seething tide of iniquity wdiich floods 
 the land. For of this we may rest assured, that Chris- 
 tianity and Christianity alone can effectually stem the 
 torrent of evil and purify the fountains of life. Special 
 organisations may seek to check this or that form of evil, 
 but without the living power which proceeds from Christ 
 the Lord, and which is communicated through the applica- 
 tion of the remedies set forth in the gospel, all will be in 
 vain. Time was when it was thought that the power of the 
 State could assist by its terrors the publication and the 
 acceptance of the gospel. That day is happily passed. But 
 that being so we are thrown more forcibly than ever upon 
 the direct ministrations of religion. It becomes us to be 
 more anxious than ever to secure that they shall be effective 
 and persuasive, that they shall appeal by every means at ' 
 their command to the hearts and consciences, to the wills 
 and affections, to the sympathies and even prejudices of 
 those who, weary and heavy laden with the load of this 
 world's disappointments and dissatisfactions, vexations and 
 disquietudes, seek for a haven of rest.
 
 15 
 
 And as every clinrcli is thus cnlled npon to be a witness 
 for Christ, so and with much louder voice is this great 
 cathedral called upon to fulfil its great office. By what 
 they see here many are drawn to Christ, or repelled from 
 His side ; by what they hear addressed to them from this 
 place many are encouraged to cast their cares upon Him who 
 died for them, or to sunder themselves from His society ; 
 by what they see those who minister within these walls to 
 be in their life and conversation many judge of the reality 
 of faith in the doctrines which are professed ; by the conduct 
 of those who worship within these walls many judge of the 
 influence which Christianity, as taught by the Church of 
 England, has upon its people. And still further, as this 
 cathedral is looked up to as a mother of churches, as a 
 sanctuary known and marked of all men, so what is done 
 within these walls by all who assemble here, whether they 
 minister or worship, has a widespreading influence, the full 
 force and extent of which none of vis will fully realise until 
 we stand before the tribunal of God, then to be made to 
 comprehend how we have wrought for good or for evil 
 during the days of our probation, and to receive our reward 
 according to the deeds done in the body, whether they be 
 good or whether they be evil. 
 
 Whilst then, my brethren, this cathedral is a witness for 
 Christ, let us all realise that the fulness and excellency of 
 that witness depends in a measure upon all of us who take 
 part in its services. We who are called upon to minister, 
 whatever that ministration may be, have our heavier share 
 of this great responsibility ; you who worship here have your 
 lighter, but not less real, share also. Would to God that 
 as we this day commemorate the conversion of the gi'eat 
 apostle by whose name this cathedral is distinguished, so 
 each and all of us from this day forward might dedicate 
 ourselves by God's grace more completely to the service of 
 our great Lord and Master, and witness for Him more 
 thoroughly and eflPectually by all we say and do, and so show 
 that we have indeed been converted to Him, and that in 
 Him and through Him we can overcome the embattled hosts 
 of the world, the flesh, and the devil.
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 PRAISE. A Sermon preached at the Third Annual Festival of 
 
 the Midhurst Choral Association. 1865. 
 
 ARE WE BETTER THAN OUR FATHERS ? Lectures in 
 
 St. Paul's Cathedral. 1871. 
 
 SOME OF THE BONDS OF SOCIETY. Lectures in St. 
 Paul's Cathedral. 1872. 
 
 THE COST OP VOLUNTARY SCHOOLS AND OF BOARD 
 
 SCHOOLS. 1875. 
 
 IS THE CANADIAN SYSTEM OF EDUCATION RATES 
 
 POSSIBLE IN ENGLAND ? 1875. 
 
 POSITION OF THE CELEBRANT. A Speech in Convoca- 
 tion. 1875. 
 
 THE POSITION OF THE PRIEST ORDERED BY THE 
 
 RUBRICS IN THE COMMUNION SERVICE INTERPRETED BY 
 THEMSELVES. 1876. 
 
 THE CHURCH'S NEED OF MORE WORKERS. A 
 
 Sermon. 1876. 
 
 THE RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS OF PRIMARY EDU- 
 
 CATION. A Lecture delivered in the Town Hall, Manchester. 
 December 1876. 
 
 THE LAW AND THE GOSPEL; OR, THE FOUNDATIONS 
 OF UNSECTARIAN AND CHRISTIAN EDUCATION. A Sermon. 
 1877- 
 
 HOW ARE CHILDREN TO BE TAUGHT RELIGION? 
 
 A Sermon. 1879.
 
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