510 S 
 
 OH 
 
 no. 11 -15 
 
 cop- 2. 
 
 BI 0 W 
 
 IBRARY 
 OF THE*” 
 
 U N I VERS ITY 
 OF ILLINOIS 
 
 amm feb i 1944 
 
 Hisioia. 
 
Volume III, No. 2 
 
 Bulletin No. 12 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 THE FI MET ARI ALES OF OHIO 
 
 ROBERT STRATTON 
 
 IKE LIBRARY, f: 
 
 APR 2 4 m 
 
 UNIVRfiTV OF 
 
 Published by 
 
 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY 
 Columbus, 
 
 1921 
 
 1 O B S 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2018 with funding from 
 BHL-SIL-FEDLINK 
 
 https://archive.org/details/fimetarialesofoh1115stra 
 
J~7 , 0. S' 
 
 THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 By 
 
 ROBERT STRATTON 
 INTRODUCTION* 
 
 Although some knowledge of the Fimetariales had been gained by 
 special work as an undergraduate student in 1914, actual work for the 
 preparation of this paper was not begun until the fall of 1916. Since only 
 one species, Fimetaria fimicola, belonging to this order has been reported 
 for Ohio, so far as is known by the author, it seemed desirable to determine 
 how numerous these plants were in this area. While the chief aim was to 
 catalogue the species found, yet, the author, unless otherwise stated, has 
 completely rewritten the descriptions from his own data with careful 
 attention, of course, to the diagnoses given by others. 
 
 Profiting by the knowledge gained by Griffiths, namely, that by using 
 moist chambers, cultures of the more delicate forms, which would 
 ordinarily escape observation in the field, as well as the more hardy ones, 
 could be obtained in the laboratory from material collected in any locality, 
 letters were sent in the fall of 1914 to about thirty-five botanists and 
 friends living in different parts of the state. They were asked to send old 
 dry material of different kinds of dung. Replies were received from about 
 ten, of whom only a few sent material. 
 
 Old material was especially mentioned in the letters because the 
 experience of previous workers has shown that it is the most productive 
 when placed under proper conditions for the development of these fungi. 
 This is probably true for two reasons: (1) the older the material, the more 
 likely it is to contain spores of one or more species; (2) crops produced by 
 successive intervals of moisture cover the substratum with spores so that 
 each successive production is heavier than the previous one. 
 
 In the work of 1914 the author not only gained some idea of the 
 group as a whole and the manner of obtaining material, but also became 
 familiar with about ten different species of the group. No attempt, 
 however, was made at that time to describe the species or to make sketches 
 of them. Thus these species had to be restudied for the present paper 
 and descriptions had to be made. 
 
 The following friends and botanists have contributed material from 
 the localities designated: Miss Cora March, Wyoming, per Wm. Schaeffer 
 and Fred Brater; Maximilian Braam, Cincinnati; E. L. Moseley, Sandusky; 
 M. E. Stickney, Granville; W. G. Stover, Oxford, Columbus, and Buckeye 
 
 •Contributions from the botanical laboratory of Miami University.—XVII. 
 
 75 
 
76 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Lake; Bruce Fink, Peebles, Eaton, and Mason; Robert Gordon, Eaton; 
 Chas. P. Fox, Mt. Peace, near Akron; A. E. Black, Oxford; Wm. A. Stratton, 
 Sardinia; and Chas. R. Stevenson, Stout. 
 
 The illustrations given were made to show the form and structure of 
 each plant as to its chief parts and thus to be a means of aiding the student 
 in determining or recognizing the different species. All drawings were 
 outlined and as many of the details as possible were put in by means of 
 the camera lucida. A Leitz microscope with a tube length of 160 mic., a 
 Leitz ocular micrometer, whose scale had been measured by means of a 
 Bausch & Lomb stage micrometer ruled in tenths and hundredths of a 
 millimeter, and a Bausch & Lomb camera lucida with the mirror bar at 
 110 ', and the camera mirror at 50 , were used with the paper at the level 
 of the table. Unless otherwise stated, perithecia are magnified 79 diameters 
 and hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores, 450 diameters. Some features 
 could not be represented easily by the use of the camera lucida. For 
 instance, the hairs of the perithecia, when very numerous, had to be drawn 
 quite diagrammatically. 
 
 Most of the figures were made from living material. This has both 
 advantages and disadvantages. It has the advantage of being more 
 truthful, but the disadvantage of being less usable since many of the 
 characteristics are lost by desiccation and most observers see them in the 
 dry condition. It was the desire of the author to make drawings of the 
 perithecium, hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores for each species; but, for 
 lack of time and material, this could not be done for many of the species. 
 
 Specimens could not in all cases be preserved on account of scarcity 
 of material for some species. Rough microscopic mounts of most of the 
 species were made, but these will not preserve many of the delicate parts, 
 such as the appendages of the spores or even the paraphyses and asci. 
 The illustrations may compensate for this deficiency to a certain degree. 
 
 All defects of this paper must be attributed either to the author’s 
 lack of time or to his inability to obtain all the references necessary to 
 make the publication more accurate, especially with reference to the new 
 species found. The author is greatly indebted to Mr. C. G. Lloyd, of 
 Cincinnati, for the use of his reference library and also to his librarian, 
 Miss Edith Wycoff, for her kind assistance. Acknowledgments are also 
 due to all who so kindly contributed material. Thanks are due especially 
 to Dr. Bruce Fink, under whose directions the work was done, for 
 valuable suggestions and criticism. 
 
 DISTRIBUTION 
 
 No region thus far explored for these plants has failed to furnish a large 
 number of species belonging to this order. Spegazzini has reported a 
 large number of species from the South American countries; Fries and 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 77 
 
 Karsten, from the Scandinavian countries; Phillips, Plowright, Cooke, and 
 Vize, from the British Isles; Zopf, Zukal, Winter, and others, from Central 
 Europe, especially Germany; Saccardo and others, from Italy; Griffiths, 
 Seaver, Thaxter, Harkness, Ellis & Everhart, Miss Palliser, and others, 
 from North America. Although each of these regions has furnished 
 species not yet reported from the others, nevertheless, there is a striking 
 similarity in this portion of the flora of all the regions thoroughly studied. 
 
 Many of the species described in this paper have never been collected 
 in the field so far as is known, yet they will usually be found in abundance, 
 if cultures are made in moist chambers. This is due in part to the fact 
 that many people never look for them at all, but chiefly to the fact that 
 many of these plants are extremely delicate and do not develop except 
 under the most favorable conditions of moisture. When drouth conditions 
 return, they become so collapsed and disfigured that only the most careful 
 and experienced observer will recognize them. On the other hand the 
 substrata on which these plants grow are collected almost invariably in a 
 perfectly dry state, which is the least promising condition for their detection, 
 even if present in good condition. As illustrations, Pleurage vestita and P. 
 zygospora may be used. The former reported as rare in Germany, and the 
 latter from Italy alone, have been found to be very common in this country. 
 Some species have been found growing at an altitude of 5000 ft., 
 e. g., Fimetaria bombardioides. 
 
 METHODS 
 
 The dry material furnished by friends or collected by the author was 
 placed upon blotting paper in a Petri dish, after which it, together with 
 the blotting paper, was throughly moistened. If necessary, the material 
 was moistened again from time to time. This paper is based chiefly upon 
 cultures made in this way between September, 1916, and July, 1917. The 
 blotting paper used kept the moisture in the Petri dish more uniform and 
 also served as a substratum for many of the species, especially for those 
 belonging to the genera, Chaetomium and Fimetaria. Usually the material 
 was examined both at the time of starting the culture and also the 
 following day for specimens that might be present on the material when 
 it was collected. Species of Agaricaceae which developed in abundance in 
 some dishes were removed. Other writers have reported that molds gave 
 them much trouble; but these did not cause the author so much trouble as 
 the Algae, which usually developed in each culture. Their slow develop¬ 
 ment, however, rendered them of no serious difficulty. It seemed that 
 molds were more prevalent on material collected in the winter, while algae 
 were more numerous upon that obtained in the summer. 
 
 Dried specimens, as well as rough microscopic mounts, were kept for 
 as many species as possible. In a few cases, where only a small number 
 of plants developed for the particular species, all the material was used in 
 
78 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 the microscopic study. Since no method has been developed to preserve 
 the gelatinous appendages of the spores, and since the paraphyses and asci 
 of many species are so evanescent, the mounts were made as follows: the 
 material was mounted in water, which was gradually removed with blot¬ 
 ting paper and was replaced by 100% alcohol. This was followed in the 
 same way with xylol. After most of the xylol had been removed, balsam 
 was added and the cover-glass applied. By this method, the perithecia 
 and hairs as well as the spores and their arrangement in the asci could 
 usually be preserved for some time. 
 
 The following two methods given by Griffiths could not be tried for 
 lack of time and materials: by the one method the object is mounted in a 
 drop of two per cent, aqueous solution of chrome alum on the flat slide, 
 sufficient pressure being placed on the cover to rupture the perithecia, the 
 superfluous liquid being wiped off; the cover is then sealed immediately with 
 marine glue: by the other method the objects are mounted in water and 
 arranged as desired; then a drop of dilute glycerine is placed at the edge 
 of the cover and allowed to stand for two' or three days before sealing. 
 Griffiths says that the glycerine mounts are less liable to loss owing to 
 imperfect sealing than the others; but they have the disadvantage of show¬ 
 ing less detail, which is highly objectionable with such delicate structures. 
 
 The author did not attempt to obtain pure cultures until the year was 
 half gone; but in the remaining time he was able to grow several different 
 species on ordinary potato hard agar, in pure culture, either by transfer¬ 
 ring the spores ejected upon the sterile lid of the Petri dish, or by making 
 two or three succeeding cultures each one from the preceding. Usually 
 by the last method a pure culture could be obtained in the second transfer. 
 
 Since this paper deals largely with a survey of the species found in 
 Ohio, little time could be given to the development of the different species, 
 however interesting this may be. So far as noted, the observations agreed 
 with those found by Griffiths, and therefore need not be repeated. At the 
 end of each description, however, the date of collecting the material and 
 the time when growth was obtained are given. It was thought that this 
 might be of interest in telling how old were the spores that still retained 
 the power to germinate after withstanding the desiccating influence of the 
 laboratory. Griffiths has shown that spores of Fimetaria fimicola will 
 remain in a normal condition over three and one-half years under the 
 desiccating influence of laboratory temperatures and germinate. He also 
 produced eight crops of the same species in seventy-five days, each succeed¬ 
 ing crop being produced from spores of the preceding one. 
 
 The structure of these plants and the part this plays in spore dissemi¬ 
 nation is another phase that time will not permit to be developed in 
 this paper. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 79 
 
 ORDER FIMETARIALES 
 
 Perithecia superficial or deeply sunken in the substratum, usually 
 without stroma, but, when the latter is present, perithecia immersed with 
 the necks slightly protruding, subglobose, ovoid or flask-shaped, dark-col¬ 
 ored, black or nearly so, occasionally dark-brown, smooth and naked or 
 thickly clothed with bristle-like or flexuous hairs which are simple or 
 branched and often overtop the perithecia forming a dense tuft; perithe- 
 cial wall thin, membranous to coriaceous. Paraphyses persistent or evan¬ 
 escent. Asci 4-many-spored, evanescent and scarcely visible in mature 
 plants, or persistent but delicate. Spores simple or compound, often 
 surrounded with a hyaline gelatinous and rather evanescent envelope or 
 with a long apiculus at each end, usually dark-colored, yellow to olivaceous, 
 dark-brown or black, the compound spores often deeply constricted at the 
 septa. Plants growing on decaying materials of various kinds, especially 
 on the dung of animals. 
 
 Perithecia overtopped with a dense mass of hairs; paraphyses 
 
 and asci evanescent. Family 1. Chaetomiaceae 
 
 Perithecia not overtopped with hairs; paraphyses and asci 
 
 persistent but delicate. Family 2. Fimetariaceae 
 
 FAMILY 1 . CHAETOMIACEAE 
 
 Perithecia scattered or gregarious, superficial, free or adnate, generally 
 seated on a superficial mycelium, usually with an ostiolum at the apex, 
 pale-brown to black, with a thin, membranous wall, thickly clothed with 
 hairs, the basal ones functioning as rhizoids, the apical ones usually longer 
 and coarser, branched or simple, forming a tuft. Paraphyses evanescent. 
 Asci clavate, evanescent, seldom visible in a mature specimen. Spores 
 simple, ellipsoid or ovoid to subglobose, more or less compressed, usually 
 more or less apiculate at the ends, with a cup-like depression on one side 
 which causes them to appear spindle-shaped or narrowly ellipsoid in profile. 
 Species all saprophytic, infesting a firm rather moist substratum, such as 
 decaying parts of plants or dung of animals. 
 
 1. Chaetomium Kunze & Schmidt, Myk. Hefte 1: 15. 1817. 
 Ascotricha Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1; 257. 1838. 
 
 Perithecia superficial, usually with an ostiolum, and having an apical 
 tuft of hairs or bristles covering the exposed surface of the thin and 
 membranous wall; asci club-shaped, evanescent; spores simple, hyaline to 
 dark-brown, more or less compressed. 
 
 Type species, Chaetomium globosum Kunze. 
 
 Apical hairs all simple. 
 
 Hairs flexuous. 
 
 Hairs circinate or subcircinate. 
 
 Hairs circinate and not swollen at the base. 
 
 1. C. murorum 
 
80 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Hairs not circinate. 
 
 Hairs numerous, olivaceous, 500-1000 mic. long. 2. C. olivaceum 
 Hairs more or less spirally coiled. 
 
 Hairs irregularly and spirally twisted at the end, straight at the base and 
 incrusted. 3. C. spirochaete 
 
 Hairs more or less regularly coiled at the end in 4-10 spirals, pale-brown. 
 
 4. C. bostrychodes 
 
 Apical hairs all or partly branched. 
 
 Hairs all branched. 
 
 Hairs more or less deeply incrusted, 700-900 mic. long. 5. C. elatum 
 
 Hairs branched and simple. 
 
 Hairs smooth or slightly incrusted. 6. C. funicola 
 
 1. Chaetomium murorum Corda, Ic. Fung. 1: 24. 1837. 
 
 Perithecia more or less gregarious, subglobose or globose, with short, 
 papilliform ostiolum, * (sometimes collapsing, 150-250 mic. in diameter), 
 dark-brown, membranous; apical hairs simple, curved, (often 1mm. in 
 length), 5 mic. thick, septate, smooth or slightly granular, subhyaline 
 to dark-brown or almost black, circinate at the ends; lateral hairs simple, 
 bent upward at the middle, 500 mic. long, 6 mic. thick at the base, 
 septate, smooth, except the base, subulate, dark-brown at the base to 
 paler at the tip, less numerous than the apical; paraphyses not observed; 
 asci broad clavate, short-stipitate, slightly immature ones 38-56x11-19 
 mic., 8-spored, very evanescent; spores irregularly arranged, bright 
 olive-green, ellipsoid, apiculate at both ends, 12-16x7-8 mic. 
 
 Habitat: On dead poplar, dry grass, and goat and rabbit dung. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio and Montana; also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. I, f. 1-8; Corda, Ic. Fung. 1: pi. 7, f. 293, B; 2: pi. 13, 
 f. 103; Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 42: pi. 19, f. 13-20. 
 
 Type Locality: Prague, Bohemia. 
 
 Distinctive Character: Circinate apical hairs. 
 
 ’Notes: That part of the description in parentheses is taken from Miss Palliser. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, Feb. 10, 1917, on rabbit dung collected by Wm. Schaeffer, 
 near Wyoming, Oct. 3, 1914. 
 
 2. Chaetomium olivaceum Cooke & Ellis, Grevillea 6: 96. 1878. 
 
 Perithecia scattered or gregarious, broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, often 
 pointed at the base, 200-305x175-250 mic., in fresh condition olivaceous 
 but in dry specimens dark-brown, opaque, membranous, thickly and 
 evenly clothed with slender, flexuous hairs; apical hairs simple, flexuous, 
 often 700 mic. long, rarely 1000 mic., 3-4 mic. thick, somewhat coarser 
 than the others, sparingly septate, minutely scabrous, in fresh condition 
 pale-olivaceous, in dry condition light-brown; paraphyses filiform, longer 
 than the asci and mixed with them; asci clavate, broadly rounded above 
 and narrowed below into a comparatively slender stipe, spore-bearing 
 part 35-50x12-15 mic., 8-spored; spores irregularly crowded at the tip of 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 81 
 
 the ascus, ranging from hyaline when young to yellow-brown at maturity, 
 globose-ellipsoid, slightly apiculate at both ends, 9-13x8-10 mic. 
 
 Habitat: On various dead plants, moist wood, rye-straw, paper, 
 pasteboard, old broom, etc. 
 
 Distribution: Maine to Ohio, Kansas, and Texas. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. I, f. 9-11; Grevillea 6: pi. 100, f. 38. 
 
 Type Locality: Newfield, New Jersey. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Yellow-brown spores and flexuous, olivace¬ 
 ous hairs of uniform diameter, changing to light-brown in drying, mi¬ 
 nutely scabrous to almost smooth. 
 
 Note: Plants collected by the author on an old broom, at Oxford, Oct. 3, 1913. 
 
 3. Chaetomium spirochaete Palliser, N. Amer. Flora 3: 61. 1910. 
 
 Perithecia more or less gregarious, ellipsoid, 250-300x190-230 mic., 
 
 dark-brown, often appearing black, opaque, thin, brittle, thickly clothed 
 with hairs; apical hairs simple, numerous, often forming a densely entangled, 
 dark, spherical mass 800 mic. in diameter, straight for about 350 mic. 
 from the base, then becoming extremely flexuous or irregularly spirally 
 twisted several times, 3-5 mic. thick at the base, septate, more or less 
 thickly incrusted, toward the end becoming paler and less incrusted, 
 although scabrous throughout or becoming smooth at the tip, dark-brown; 
 basal and lateral hairs simple, flexuous, 3 mic. thick, sparingly septate, 
 smooth, pale-brown; paraphyses not observed; asci broadly clavate, 30-52 
 xll-15 mic., 8-spored; spores forced into a globular mass at the tip of the 
 asci by the growth of younger asci, hyaline to brown, broadly limoniformis, 
 slightly apiculate at either end, 7-11x6-9 mic. 
 
 Habitat: On moist decayed paper, wheat-straw, cotton root in a moist 
 chamber, and quail dung. 
 
 Distribution: New Jersey to Ohio and Iowa. 
 
 Illustration: PI. I, f. 12-20. 
 
 Type Locality: Ames, Iowa. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Simple, incrusted hairs, straight at the 
 base and irregularly and spirally twisted at the end. 
 
 Note: Plants collected by the author on paper in a tub at Oxford. Oct. 4, 1913, and on 
 wheat-straw near Georgetown, Dec. 3, 1916; also grown in the laboratory. May 19, 1917, on quail 
 dung collected by the author near Georgetown, Dec. 28, 1916; on potato hard agar, March, 1917, 
 several cultures. 
 
 4. Chaetomium bostrychodes Zopf, Sitz.-ber. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brand. 
 19: 173. 1878. 
 
 Perithecia gregarious or scattered, broadly ovoid or subglobose to 
 fusoid, 160-350x145-220 mic., light gray in fresh condition, brown when 
 dried, opaque, thin, membranous, covered with hairs having fine sandy 
 granules intermixed at base; apical hairs simple, straight for 260-320 mic., 
 then coiled 4-10 times in a more or less regular spiral 18-36 mic. in 
 diameter, extending 305 to 540 mic. above the perithecium, 3-5 mic. 
 
82 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 wide at the base, septate, scabrous throughout or smooth apically, pale- 
 brown; lateral and basal hairs simple, curved towards the tip and tapering, 
 about 215x3-5 mic., septate, scabrous at the base, yellow-brown, paler or 
 colorless towards the tip, tips broken off usually when old; paraphyses 
 simple, stout, not numerous, much longer than the asci and mixed with 
 them, septate, not so evanescent as the asci; asci clavate, with a stipe .3 
 to .5 length of asci, small, 35-48x10-14 mic., 8-spored, very evanescent; 
 spores irregularly arranged, hyaline or pale olive-green to pale olive-brown, 
 broadly ellipsoid, almost globose, sometimes slightly apiculate, 6-7.5x5-6 
 mic. 
 
 Habitat: Dung of dogs, sheep, chickens, and mice, old shoes, pota¬ 
 toes, and decaying portions of animals. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio and Louisiana; also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. I, f. 21-22 and pi. II, f. 1-8; Nova Acta Acad. 
 Leop.-Carol. 42: pi. 20, f. 14-26. 
 
 Type Locality: Berlin, Germany. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Small pale olive-brown spores and 4-10 
 regular spirals of the apical hairs. 
 
 Notes: Asci were slightly immature when measured, since mature ones disappear. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, Feb. 2, 1917, on mice dung, collected by W. G. Stover, in 
 laboratory of Ohio State University, Columbus, Jan., 1915; also June 14, 1917, on paper in dish with cow 
 dung collected by Bruce Fink, at Peebles, Oct. 28,1913; June 21, 1917, on chicken dung collected by 
 Chas. R. Stevenson, at Stout, Jan. 1, 1917; and June 26, 1917, on rabbit dung collected by the author 
 near Georgetown, Dec. 3, 1916. 
 
 5. Chaetomium elatum Kunzef Schmidt & Kunze, Deuts. Schwamme 
 
 8: 3. 1818. 
 
 Chaetomium pannosum Wallr. FI. Crypt. Germ. 2: 267. 1833. 
 
 Chaetomium glabrescens Ellis & Ev. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1893: 130. 1893. 
 
 Perithecia densely gregarious, or scattered and simple, subglobose or 
 ovoid, or sometimes top-shaped, 220-425x190-365 mic., dark-brown to black, 
 opaque, brittle and easily crushed, thickly clothed with hairs; apical hairs 
 often forming a black spherical mass 900 mic. in diameter, consisting of 
 rough, septate, deeply incrusted bristles, more or less irregularly or 
 dichotomously branched at the end usually 2-5 times, being widest generally 
 at the point of branching, 5-9 mic. wide there and 4-7 mic. at the base, 
 with the terminal branches which are often 350 mic. long before they are 
 crushed or broken off abruptly in drying, black or dark-brown and incrusted 
 at the base, tapering and gradually becoming smooth and hyaline at the 
 tip; lateral hairs few, simple, curved, short, 5 mic. thick, septate, smooth or 
 slightly incrusted, hyaline to light-brown; basal rhizoids flexuous, 3-4 mic. 
 thick, sparingly septate, smooth, pale red-brown to dark-brown; paraphyses 
 and asci not observed; spores hyaline to olivaceous-brown, ellipsoid, 
 apiculate at both ends, 9-14x7.5-9 mic. 
 
 Habitat: On packing straw, maple log, Indian corn, decaying cotton¬ 
 wood stick, barrel stave, manure, straw hat, dead petioles of Washingtonia, 
 dead grass, old broom, etc. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 83 
 
 Distribution: United States and Canada; also Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. II, f. 9-12; Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 42: pi. 
 17, f. 14-26; pi. 18, f. J-Jt; Grev. Scot. Crypt. FI. pi. 230. 
 
 Type Locality: Germany. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Branched, rough, deeply incrusted, apical 
 bristles. 
 
 Note: Plants collected by the author on an old broom, at Oxford, June 16, 1917. 
 
 6. Chaetomium funicola Cooke, Grevillea 1: 176. 1873. 
 
 Chaetomium setosum Ellis & Ey. Am. Nat. 31: 340. 1897. 
 
 Chaetomium bartholomaei Sacc. & Syd. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 490. 1899. 
 
 Mycelium superficial, white, branched, indistinctly septate; perithecia 
 scattered or gregarious, broadly ovoid, 130-200x100-145 mic., dark- 
 brown, opaque, thin, membranous, clothed on all sides with hairs; apical 
 hairs of two kinds, simple and branched; simple hairs lanceolate, some¬ 
 times extending over 300 mic. above the perithecium, septate, tapering 
 from the scabrous, dark-brown base to the smooth, or slightly scabrous, 
 pale tip; branching hairs few in number or forming a mass 175 mic. 
 above the perithecium, sometimes straight and simple for 160 mic., 
 septate, usually scabrous throughout, dark-brown at the base to pale- 
 brown at the tip, with numerous ramifications, sometimes regularly 
 dichotomous, more often irregularly branched, branches 10-20 mic. long; 
 lateral hairs simple, almost straight, comparatively short, 3-4 mic. wide, 
 septate, tapering from the scabrous, pale-brown base to the smooth, 
 hyaline tip; rhizoids simple, flexuous, slender, 2-5 mic. thick, non-septate, 
 smooth, pale-brown; paraphyses and asci not observed; spores simple, pale 
 olivaceous-brown, limoniformis, 3-7x3-4.5 mic. 
 
 Habitat: On old broom, straw, and damaged hay. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio and Kansas. 
 
 Illustration: PI. II, f. 13-18. 
 
 Type Locality: Albany, New York. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Small perithecia, with both simple and 
 branched hairs. 
 
 Notes: Mycelium on agar white at first, the center becoming pale-green to black, concentrically 
 zoned with a gray zone between the center and the outside, the darker center bearing perithecia first; 
 even the light outside zone is zoned. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, March 23, 1917, on potato hard agar, the culture made Feb. 27, 
 1917, from specimen on straw, collected by the author, near Georgetown, Dec. 3, 1916. 
 
 FAMILY 2. FIMETARIACEAE. 
 
 Perithecia scattered or aggregated, superficial or deeply sunken in 
 the substratum, and often erumpent at maturity, slightly transparent to 
 black and opaque, with wall thin and membranous to coriaceous, usually 
 without a stroma (true of all genera contained in this paper), but, if with 
 stroma, the perithecia sunken with projecting papilliform beaks. Asci 
 usually very delicate, surrounded by long paraphyses or intermingled with 
 
84 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 them. Spores simple or compound, surrounded by a hyaline gelatinous 
 envelope or ornamented with hyaline gelatinous apiculi, usually dark- 
 colored. Plants entirely saprophytic and generally growing on dung. 
 
 Spores simple (except Pleurage zygospora ). 
 
 Ascus perforate; spores partially or entirely surrounded by a hyaline, gelatinous 
 envelope. 1. Fimetaria. 
 
 Ascus not perforate, but opening by the breaking off of the inelastic, ascus apex; 
 spores ornamented by secondary, gelatinous appendages, with or without primary ones. 
 
 2. Pleurage. 
 
 Spores compound. 
 
 Spores 2-celled 3. Delitschia. 
 
 Spores 4-many-celled 4. Sporormia. 
 
 1. Fimetaria Griffiths & Seaver. 
 
 Sordana Ces. & De- Not. Comm. Critt. Ital. 1: 225, in part. 1863. 
 
 Perithecia superficial or sunken, dark and opaque, membranous or 
 coriaceous; asci with an apical perforation and stretching at maturity; 
 spores simple, usually dark-brown and wholly or partially fugacious 
 envelope. -6^ a* 
 
 Type species, Sphaeriafimicola Roberge. 
 
 Perithecia not hairy or bristly. 
 
 Asci 4-spored 
 Asci 8-spored 
 
 Spores obovoid, acutely rounded below. 
 
 Spores subglobose or ellipsoid. 
 
 Spores subglobose, small, 5-10x3-7 mic. 
 
 Spores ellipsoid, larger, 16-25x11-13 mic. 
 
 Perithecia hairy or bristly. 
 
 Spores ellipsoid, not conspicuously flattened. 
 
 Spores ellipsoid, conspicuously flattened. 
 
 1. F. tetraspora. 
 
 2. F. humana. 
 
 3. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 i 
 
 F. 
 
 F. 
 
 F. 
 
 F. 
 
 minima. 
 
 fimicola. 
 
 pilosa. 
 
 discospora. 
 
 1. Fimetaria tetraspora Sp. Nov. 
 
 Mycelium more or less superficial, white, sparingly branched, septate, 
 with hyphae 2-3 mic. in diameter; perithecia scattered or aggregate, 
 sunken, globose to ovate-globose, with a projecting, papilliform beak, 
 350-440x305-395 mic., black, opaque, thin, membranous; paraphyses simple, 
 stout, somewhat ventricose below and tapering upward, not numerous, 
 not mixed with the asci but surrounding all the asci as a whole, equaling 
 or longer than the asci, septate, persistent; asci cylindrical, contracted 
 below into a straight or crooked stipe, 100-145x13-17.5 mic., 4-spored, 
 evanescent; spores 1-seriate, oblique or erect, ranging from hyaline when 
 young through olivaceous to dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid, rounded 
 above, with aminute hyaline apiculus at the lower end which becomes 
 brown and opaquein some spores making the spore sharp-pointed, 
 20-27x13-20 mic., with a narrow hyaline envelope swelling but slightly in 
 water except that of the upper end of the apical spore which becomes 
 much rounded out. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 85 
 
 Habitat: Quail dung and on paper. 
 
 Distribution: Known only from type locality below. 
 
 Illustration: PI. Ill, f. 1-6. 
 
 Type Locality: Georgetown, Ohio. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: 4-spored asci and hyaline apiculus at the 
 lower end of each spore. 
 
 Note: Plants grown in the laboratory. May 25, 1917, on quail dung, (also spreading over paper 
 in the Petri dish) collected by the author, near Georgetown, Dec. 28, 1916. 
 
 2. Fimetaria humana ( Fuckel ) Griffiths & Seaver, N. Amer. Flora 
 3: 67. 1910. 
 
 Sphaeria humana Fuckel, Fungi Rhen. No. 1801. 1866. 
 
 Hypocopra humana Fuckel, Symb. Myc. 241. 1869. 
 
 Perithecia scattered or aggregate in solid clusters, sunken or some¬ 
 times completely exposed at maturity, pyriform with a papilliform to 
 cylindric beak, 365-450x230-310 mic., dark-brown to black, thin, 
 membranous; paraphyses simple, ventricose, longer than the asci and not 
 much mixed with them, septate, evanescent; asci cylindric, broadly rounded 
 to truncate above and tapering below into a short, blunt stipe, (160- 
 200? mic.,^17-19 mic. Griffiths), 8-spored, somewhat persistent; spores 
 obliquely 1-seriate, ranging from hyaline when young through olivaceous 
 to dark-brown and opaque, obovoid, broadly rounded above and acutely 
 so below, 18-23x12-17 mic., with a hyaline envelope covering the entire 
 spore except the circular germ-pore at the lower end of the spore. 
 
 Habitat: On human dung, and on dung of dogs, cows, goats, pigs, 
 and hogs. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio, South Dakota, and Louisiana; also 
 in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. Ill, f. 7-11; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 3, f. 16-18; 
 pi. 4, f. 14-16. 
 
 Type Locality: Europe. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Dark smooth pyriform perithecia and 
 obovoid spores. 
 
 Note: Plants cultivated in the laboratory, March 14, 1917, on hog dung collected by Chas. R. 
 Stevenson, at Stout, Jan. 1, 1917. 
 
 3. Fimetaria minima ( Sacc . & Speg.) Griffiths & Seaver, N. Amer. Flora 
 3: 66. 1910. 
 
 Sordaria minima Sacc. & Speg.; Sacc. Michelia 1: 373. 1878. 
 
 Hypocopra minima Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1: 244. 1882. 
 
 Perithecia scattered or aggregate in clusters, superficial or more often 
 with sunken base, pyriform to conic or globose with a papilliform to blunt 
 and truncate beak, 145-290x145-225 mic., dark-brown to black, thin, 
 membranous, with cellular structure usually invisible, covered on exposed 
 portions with minute papillae or with aciculae and on the base with 
 
86 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 branched, smooth, flexuous, septate, brown hairs, 3 mic. thick; paraphyses 
 simple or sometimes branched or lobed at the tip, filiform but wide in 
 comparison with the asci, old ones shriveling to half their original width 
 and entwining about one another, equal to asci or slightly longer, septate; 
 asci cylindric, broadly rounded to truncate above, slightly contracted below 
 into a short blunt stipe, 50-90x5-9 mic., 8-spored, persistent; spores 1- 
 seriate, prominently 2-guttulate when young becoming indistinctly so or 
 homogeneous with age, hyaline when young, varying through olivaceous to 
 dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid to subglobose, 5-10x3-7 mic., surrounded 
 by a hyaline fugacious envelope. 
 
 Habitat: Paper, dung of cows, goats, and horses. 
 
 Distribution: New Jersey, Ohio, and Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. Ill, f. 12-19; Mem. Torrey Club 11: PI. 3, f. 25-27; 
 Sacc. Fungi Ital.pl. 617. 
 
 Type Locality: Italy. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Small black papillate perithecia and small 
 2-guttulate spores. 
 
 Notes: Griffiths & Seaver give 150-180x100-150 mic. as size of the perithecia. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory. Jan. 12, 1917, on cow dung collected by Bruce Fink and 
 Robert Gordon, near Eaton, April 10, 1914; also June 21, 1917, on horse dung collected by the author, 
 near Georgetown, Sept. 14, 1914. 
 
 4. Fimetaria fimicola ( Roberge ) Griffiths & Seaver, N. Amer. Flora 
 3: 66. 1910. 
 
 Sphaeria fimicola Roberge; Desmaz. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11: 353. 1849. 
 
 Sordaria fimicola Ces. and De-Not. Comm. Critt. Ital. 1: 226. 1863. 
 
 Mycelium superficial and within the substratum, large hyphae, light- 
 brown to dark-brown, small hyphae light colored, superficial mycelium 
 arising from large hyphae that grow along the surface of the substratum, 
 branched and septate; perithecia scattered, or aggregate into a layer which 
 forms a complete covering for the substratum, usually sunken at first 
 and erumpent later, or superficial from the first, pyriform with papilliform 
 or slightly elongate black beak, 335-525x190-365 mic., light-brown or 
 black, opaque, thin, membranous and brittle, with cellular structure 
 usually plainly visible, smooth or slightly roughened on the beak with mi¬ 
 nute papillae, mycelium covering a large portion of the perithecium; para¬ 
 physes simple, ventricose, not numerous, longer than the asci, septate, 
 not persistent; asci cylindric, broadly rounded to truncate, perforate at 
 the apex and tapering below into a slender stipe, 140-225x15-20 mic., 
 8-spored, opening by apical pore, rather persistent; spores obliquely 1-ser- 
 iate, varying in color from hyaline through light-yellow, yellow-green, 
 olive-green to dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid, rounded at the ends, but 
 more acutely so below, 16-25x11-13 mic., with germ-pore, apical, cir¬ 
 cular and situated in the lower more acutely rounded end of the spore, 
 the hyaline envelope not surrounding the entire spore but having its edges 
 attached around the germ-pore, which it does not inclose on stretching. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 87 
 
 Habitat: Dung of horses, cows, goats, rabbits, sheep, and deer; also 
 on old paper. 
 
 Distribution: Vermont to Ohio and Oregon, southward to Alabama 
 and Arizona; also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. IV, f. 1-6; pi. V, f. 1-3; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 3, 
 f. 19-21; pi. 4, f. 8-10. 
 
 Type Locality: France. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Dark, pyriform, smooth perithecia and 
 ellipsoid spores. 
 
 Note: Plants collected by the author on an old broom, at Oxford, Nov 11, 1916; also cultivated 
 in the laboratory Feb. 24, 1917, on horse and rabbit dung collected by Chas. P. Fox at Mt. Peace, near 
 Akron. Oct. 5, 1914; Feb. 27, 1917, on cow dung collected by Fred Brater, Sept. 28, 1914; March 5, 1917, 
 on potato hard agar, specimen maturing in 9 days. Several cultures were grown but only one was 
 timed. 
 
 5. Fimetaria pilosa sp. nov. 
 
 Perithecia scattered or gregarious, superficial, globose to pyriform 
 with a papilliform, black, hairy beak, 175-320x145-250 mic., dark-brown 
 to black and opaque, thin, membranous, with exposed surface covered by 
 light-brown, septate hairs or bristles; paraphyses simple, filiform, numerous, 
 equaling the asci and mixed with them; asci cylindric, rounded above and 
 contracted below into a short, blunt stipe, 70-85x7-10 mic., 8-spored; 
 spores 1-seriate, brown, ellipsoid, 10-12x6-7 mic., surrounded by a narrow, 
 hyaline, evanescent envelope. 
 
 Habitat: On rabbit dung. 
 
 Distribution: Ohio. 
 
 Illustration: PI. IV, f. 7, 8. 
 
 Type Locality: Buckeye Lake, Ohio. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Hairy perithecia and size of spores. 
 
 Note: Plants cultivated in laboratory, June 20, 1917, on rabbit dung collected by W. G. Stover, 
 Buckeye Lake, Sept. 27, 1914. 
 
 6. Fimetaria discospora (Auersw.) Griffiths & Seaver. N. Amer. 
 
 Flora 3: 68. 1910. 
 
 Sordaria discospora Auersw.; Niessl, Verh. Nat. Ver. Brunn. 10-: 192. 1872. 
 
 Hypocopra discospora Fuckel, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Nat. 27-28: 43. 1873. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, superficial or sunken, subglobose to pyriform 
 with a truncate, conical beak, 250-425x190-290 mic., dark-brown to 
 black and opaque, thin, membranous to coriaceous, having exposed por¬ 
 tions covered with short, erect, hyaline to dark-brown or black, non-sep- 
 tate hairs; paraphyses simple, filiform, not numerous, usually longer than 
 the asci, 3 mic. wide, septate, quite persistent; asci cylindric, broadly 
 rounded to truncate and perforate above, and contracted below into a short, 
 blunt stipe, 90-130x8-10 mic., 8-spored, persistent; spores usually 
 obliquely 1-seriate in part, simple, varying from hyaline when young 
 through olivaceous to brown, flattened, subcircular to broadly elliptic in 
 one view, and narrowly elliptic in the other, 10-15x7-9 mic. side view, 
 
88 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 or 5 mic. wide edge view, with a germ-pore extending nearly the entire 
 length of the spore, and a hyaline envelope prominent when spores have 
 been removed from the ascus, and quite persistent. 
 
 Habitat: American specimens on dung of horses and cows; type on 
 dung of hare. 
 
 Distribution: Rhode Island to Ohio, Montana, Kansas, and Missis¬ 
 sippi; also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. IV, f. 9-16; Mem. Torrey Club 11 : pi. 3, f. 4-8; 
 Grevillea 6: pi. 94, f. 2. 
 
 Type Locality: Leipzig, Germany. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Bristly hairs of the perithecia and com¬ 
 paratively large spores. 
 
 Notes: Griffiths and Seaver give perithecia 270x220 mic., asci 75-130x13-21 mic., and spores 
 10-18x8-11 mic. 
 
 Plants grown in the laboratory, Feb. 7, 1917, on horse dung collected by the author at Oxford, 
 Nov. 2, 1913. 
 
 2. Pleurage Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 418. 1849. 
 
 Schizothecium Corda, Ic. Fung. 2: 29. 1838. Not Schizotheca Ehrenb. 1832. 
 
 Perithecia superficial or sunken, membranous or coriaceous; paraphyses 
 ventricose or filiform-tubular, usually longer than the asci and agglutinate; 
 asci without an apical perforation, stretching at maturity; spores ellipsoid, 
 with or without primary appendages, but always having attached to them 
 at maturity two or more hyaline, gelatinous, secondary appendages of 
 variable length. 
 
 Type species, Schizothecium fimicola Corda. 
 
 Asci 4-spored. 
 
 Primary appendages of spores reduced to a small triangular apiculus. 
 
 1. P. taenioides. 
 
 Primary appendages of spores elongate and cylindric. 2. P. anserina. 
 
 Asci 8-spored. 
 
 Primary spore-appendages present. 
 
 Perithecia hairy above the substratum. 
 
 Beak hairy. 
 
 Hairs agglutinate and consisting of bunches of irregular cells. 
 Spores 2-seriate. 3. P. conica. 
 
 Hairs short, scattered or in tufts. 
 
 Hairs scattered. 
 
 Hairs bristly, light-brown, tipped with a colorless cell. 
 
 4. P. amphicornis. 
 
 Hairs not bristly, hyaline throughout. 5. P. hyalopilosa. 
 
 Hairs in tufts. 6. P. immersa. 
 
 Beak naked, black. 
 
 Spores consisting of a fertile cell at each end of a long, hyaline 
 filament. 7. P. zygospora. 
 
 Spores simple with usually four gelatinous appendages at each end. 
 
 8. P. vestita. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 89 
 
 Spores completely covered by sec- 
 
 9. P. longicaudata. 
 
 10. P. multicaudata. 
 
 11. P. dakotensis. 
 
 Perithecia naked above the substratum, 
 ondary appendages. 
 
 Primary spore-appendages absent. Spores 2-seriate. 
 
 Asci more than 8-spored. 
 
 Perithecia hairy above the substratum. 
 
 Hairs short, forming tufts of irregular cells. 
 
 Hairs long and single. 
 
 Hairs straight and more or less clustered. 
 
 Hairs flexuous and similar to the mycelium. 
 
 Perithecia naked above the substratum. Secondary spore-appendages easily 
 distinguishable at maturity. \14. P. pleiosbora - --^ 
 
 1. Pleurage taenioides D. Griff. Mem. Torrey Club 11: 58. 1901. 
 
 Sordaria taenioides Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 602. 1905. 
 
 12. P. curvicolla. 
 
 13. P. collapsa. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, half-sunken, globose to pyriform-conic with a 
 long, cylindric, curved or twisted, black beak, 845-935x435-630 mic., 
 slightly olivaceous when young, but becoming dark-brown to black, 
 transparent when young, showing spores in the asci, becoming opaque, 
 membranous to slightly coriaceous at maturity, covered uniformly on all 
 exposed portions by simple, straight, septate, smooth, brown, hyaline- 
 tipped, fugacious hairs of 2-4-cells, 25-40x3-4 mic; paraphyses simple, 
 filiform, tapering upward, numerous, longer than the asci and mixed with 
 them, septate, evanescent; asci cylindric, broadly rounded above and 
 contracted below into a long, slender, crooked stipe 342x37.5 mic., 
 4-spored, evanescent; spores 1-seriate, ranging from hyaline when young 
 through pale-yellow, olivaceous to dark-brown and opaque, long ellipsoid 
 to ovoid, acutely rounded below, 30-60x22-28 mic., with the primary 
 appendage reduced to a minute, hyaline or often slightly colored apiculus 
 at the lower end of the spore and with secondary gelatinous appendages, 
 the lower one being very long, attached apically to the spore, inclosing 
 the minute apiculus, easily resolved into two closely united portions 
 which appear to lose their individuality distally and which at first are 
 thrown into convolutions at the base resembling segments of the tape¬ 
 worm, these disappearing when it elongates, the upper appendage being 
 slightly smaller than the lower, eccentrically attached and also having 
 convolutions at first. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses, cows, rabbits, burros, dogs, and sheep. 
 
 Distribution: Rhode Island to Ohio, South Dakota, Arizona, and 
 Alabama. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. V, f. 4-8; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 6, f. 1-3. 
 
 Type Locality: New York City. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Large spores, minute apiculum, and long 
 convoluted appendages at maturing time. 
 
 Notes: From the material at hand, the author was able to measure only one ascus accurately 
 and a few perithecia, in most of which the asci had disappeared. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, June 19, 1917, on rabbit dung collected by Wm. A. Stratton, 
 at Sardinia, Dec. 29, 1916. 
 
 2 O B S 
 
90 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 2. Pleurage anserina (Os.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant. 3 ': 504. 1898. 
 
 Sphaeria anserina Ces.*, Rab. Hedwigia 1: 116, as synonym. 1857. 
 
 Malinvernia anserina Rab. Hedwigia 1: 116. 1857. 
 
 Mycelium superficial, hyaline to brown, branched, septate; perithecia 
 scattered uniformly or aggregate, usually half-sunken but often entirely 
 superficial, pyriform, with beak papilliform or slightly cylindric and usually 
 curved, 500-730x190-380 mic., black above with a tinge of green below 
 due to young spores, opaque, thin, membranous, smooth except portions of 
 the beak which bear tufts of hairs which are simple, straight, 140-290x3-4 
 mic., sparingly septate, smooth, light-brown to pale towards the tip, 
 persistent; paraphyses simple, filiform or slightly ventricose below, 
 decreasing in diameter upward, numerous, 1.5-2 times the length of the 
 asci, septate, indistinct at time spores are mature; asci cylindric, slightly 
 contracted and rounded above, and contracted below into a long, slender, 
 often crooked stipe, 175-305x22-30 mic., 4-spored, opening by a cap-like 
 lid, quite persistent; spores generally obliquely 1-seriate, ranging from 
 hyaline when young through olivaceous to dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid, 
 27.5-40x15-17.5 mic., terminated below by a short hyaline primary 
 appendage 1-1.5 times the length of the spore, this as well as the apex of 
 the spore terminated by a long lash-like, gelatinous appendage of variable 
 length, which by proper illumination can be resolved into 2 closely united 
 strands which gradually merge into one another distally, primary append¬ 
 age persisting longer than secondary appendages, often found on mature 
 spores. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses, cows, sheep, rabbits, and dogs; also 
 on old pasteboard and Chinese mats. 
 
 Distribution: Vermont to Ohio, South Dakota, and New Mexico; also 
 in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. VI, f. 1-10; Hedwigia 1: pi. 15, f. 4; Mem. Torrey 
 Club 11: pi. 5, f. 4-6. 
 
 Type Locality: Europe. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Dorsal tufts of long hairs and 4-spored 
 
 asci. 
 
 Notes: Griffiths and Seaver give perithecia 400-500x300-350 mic., asci 200-400x17-22 mic. 
 and spores 34-42x18-20 mic 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, Feb. 10, 1917, on rabbit dung collected by Wm. Schaeffer, 
 near Wyoming, Oct 3, 1914; also June 13, 1917. on cow dung collected by the author, near Georgetown, 
 Sept. 7, 1914; on potato hard agar from March 21. to April 2, 1917, maturing in 12 days or less. 
 
 3. Pleurage conica ( Fuckel) Griffiths & Seaver, N. Amer. Flora 
 
 3: 72. 1910. 
 
 Sordaria curvula De Bary, Morph, Phys. Pilze 209, hyponym. 1866. 
 
 Cercophora conica Fuckel, Symb, Myc. 245. 1869. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, with base slightly sunken, pyriform-conic with a 
 short, black, conical, papilliform beak containing a prominent ostiolum, 
 450-875x190-410 mic., hyaline to light-brown, transparent, thin, mem- 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 91 
 
 branous, cellular structure being plainly visible, with exposed portions 
 more or less covered with bunches of agglutinate, obliquely septate, hya¬ 
 line to light-brown, constricted hairs which are more or less prominent 
 around the beak, but diminish in size and prominence downward; para- 
 physes ventricose, agglutinate, longer than the asci and not much mixed 
 with them; asci clavate, contracted above and tapering below into a mod¬ 
 erately long, slender, straight or crooked stipe, 175-245x25-32.5 mic., 
 8 spored, evanescent; spores 2-seriate, ranging from hyaline when young 
 through olivaceous to dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid to ovoid, 19-23x10- 
 15 mic., with a cylindric, straight or curved primary appendage, .5 to .7 
 the length of the spore, which as well as the apex of the spore is tipped 
 with a long, lash-like, gelatinous, secondary appendage, varying in length 
 with the stage of development, the upper being excentrically placed and 
 both being made up of 2 closely united filaments which are plainly dis¬ 
 tinguishable proximally but which appear to fuse together distally. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses, cows, goats, sheep, pigs, and rabbits. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio, Montana, Arizona, and Alabama; 
 also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PL VII, f. 1-5; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 7, f. 1-6. 
 
 Type Locality: Europe. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Agglutinated hairs of perithecia and 
 2-seriate arrangement of spores. 
 
 Note: Plants cultivated in the laboratory, April 2, 1917, on horse dung collected by Chas. R. 
 Stevenson, at Stout, Jan. 1, 1917. 
 
 4. Pleurage amphicornis {Ellis) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant. 3'': 505. 
 1898. 
 
 Sphaeria amphicornis Ellis, Bull. Torrey Club 6: 109. 1876. 
 
 Sphaeria eximia Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 28: 78. 1876. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, or sometimes in rows of 3 to 5, superficial or 
 with base slightly sunken, ovoid to ovoid-conic with a short, flat, 
 papilliform, black ostiolum, 670-830x510-670 mic., dark-brown to black, 
 membranous to coriaceous, with thick, pale-brown, somewhat transparent 
 wall, cell-walls showing as white lines over the surface which is covered 
 sparingly with simple, straight, septate, smooth, pale-brown, hyaline- 
 tipped, persistent hairs 25-130x3-4 mic., composed of 2-8 cells, apical 
 one hyaline; rhizoids simple or branched, almost straight, 3-5 mic. thick, 
 sparingly septate, smooth, pale-brown; paraphyses usually simple, filiform, 
 numerous, about equaling the asci and mixed with them, septate, 
 shriveling up and disappearing at maturity of the spores; asci clavate, 
 contracted and rounded above, and tapering below into a short, usually 
 crooked, stipe-like base, 200-300x30-40 mic., 8-spored, rather persistent; 
 spores 2-seriate, 4 and 4 or 5 and 3, ranging from hyaline when young 
 through olivaceous-brown to dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid, somewhat 
 
92 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 sharply rounded at the ends, 23-33x14-18 mic., with a straight, cylindric 
 primary appendage, about .3 to .7 as long as the spore and with long, 
 lash-like gelatinous secondary appendages attached to the apex of the 
 spore and the tip of the primary appendage, and composed of 2 closely 
 united filaments which soon disappear after maturity of the spore. 
 
 Habitat: On rabbit dung. 
 
 Distribution: Ontario to New Jersey and Ohio. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. VII, f. 6-8 and pi. VIII, f. 1-4; Ann. Rep. N.Y. 
 State Mus. 28: pi. 2, f. 14-17; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 7, f. 11-13. 
 
 Type Locality: Newfield, New Jersey. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Hairy superficial perithecium^small papil¬ 
 liform beak and spore appendages. 
 
 Notes: Griffiths gives 450-600x350-400 mic.. for the size of the perithecia. My measurements 
 were taken without cover-glass and represent the actual size of the plants found. 
 
 Note: Plants cultivated in the laboratory, June 15, 1917, on rabbit dung, collected by Chas. R. 
 Stevenson, at Stout, Jan. 1, 1917. 
 
 5. Pleurage hyalopilosa sp. nov. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, superficial or slightly sunken, pyriform with a 
 short, straight or curved, black beak, 466-760x350-480 mic., somewhat 
 pale olive-green below when young, becoming light-brown or dark-brown, 
 transparent, thin, membranous, with beak and exposed portions covered 
 with simple, smooth, indistinctly septate, hyaline hairs, evenly scattered 
 or in tufts; paraphyses ventricose, septate, not mixed with asci; asci 
 clavate-cylindric, rounded above and narrowed below into a long, crooked 
 stipe, slightly immature ones 155-275x17.5-28 mic., expanding' at 
 maturity to 55-65 mic. wide, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate, ranging from 
 hyaline when^tlirough olivaceous to dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid, 
 19-33x14-20 mic., terminated below with a cylindric primary appendage 
 usually as long or longer than the spore and which is tipped with a long, 
 lash-like, gelatinous secondary appendage composed of 2 closely united 
 filaments which become indistinguishable distally, while attached to the 
 apex of the spore are 2-4 gelatinous appendages which seem to fuse 
 together distally. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses and cows. 
 
 Distribution: Ohio. 
 
 Illustration: PI. VIII, f. 5-9; pi. IX, f. 1-4. 
 
 Type Locality: Oxford, Ohio. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Hyaline hairs covering exposed parts of the 
 perithecia, and the spore appendages. 
 
 Note: Plants cultivated in the laboratory, Jan. 27, 1917, on horse dung collected by Bruce 
 Fink, at Mason, Aug. 10, 1914, and July 5, 1917, on cow dung collected by the author, at Oxford, 
 Oct. 22, 1914. 
 
 Pleurage immersa sp. nov. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, sunken, pyriform with a short, black, cylindric 
 or conic, projecting beak, 730-890x380-585 mic., pale-brown, transparent, 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 93 
 
 spores and asci being visible through the wall, thin, membranous, with a 
 few bunches of straight, light brown, sparingly septate hairs, about 
 75x2-3 mic., on the beak; paraphyses simple, ventricose, numerous, longer 
 than the asci and not mixed with them, septate, evanescent; asci clavate, 
 rounded and contracted above, and narrowed below into a short stipe, 
 about 325x62.5-87.5 mic. expanded or 262-315x40-57 mic. contracted, 
 8-spored, evanescent; spores 2-seriate, ranging from hyaline when young 
 through olivaceous to dark-brown and opaque, ovoid to oblong ellipsoid, 
 30-55x19-25 mic., with a long, cylindric, usually curved primary 
 appendage below and with secondary appendages covering the entire 
 surface of the spore. 
 
 Habitat: On cow dung. 
 
 Distribution: Ohio. 
 
 Illustration: PI. IX., f. 5-8. 
 
 Type Locality: Near Georgetown, Ohio. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Long curved primary appendages and 
 secondary appendages covering only the entire surface of the spore proper. 
 
 Note: Plants cultivated in the laboratory, June 27, 1917, on cow dung collected by the author, 
 near Georgetown, Sept. 7, 1914. 
 
 7. Pleurage zygospora ( Speg .) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant. 3 s : 505. 
 
 1898. 
 
 Sordaria zygospora Speg. Michelia 1: 227. 1878. 
 
 Philocopra zygospora Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1: 251. 1882. 
 
 Mycelium more or less superficial, pale-brown, (dingy white to the 
 naked eye) branched, septate, with hyphae 3 mic. in diameter; with hvphae 
 3- - mic. in diameter -? perithecia scattered, sunken or nearly superficial, 
 pyriform with a more or less elongate, cylindric, black, bare and curved 
 beak, 685-1080x465-730 mic., slightly green to brown below and black 
 above, somewhat transparent, thin, membranous, covered below with an 
 arachnoid mycelium; paraphyses simple, ventricose, tapering upward, 
 rather numerous, longer than the asci and not mixed with them, septate, 
 agglutinate; asci clavate, broadly rounded above and contracted below into 
 a long, slender, crooked stipe, 250-365x35-60 mic., 4 to 8-spored, very 
 evanescent; spores 2-seriate to irregular, consisting of an ellipsoid to ovoid 
 fertile cell, usually rounded at both ends, but more acutely so distally, at 
 each end of a long, spirally arranged hyaline to brown, fugacious filament 
 which corresponds to the primary appendage in the other species, with 
 terminal fertile cells 19-45x10-23 mic., ranging from hyaline when young 
 through olivaceous to dark-brown and opaque and which have secondary 
 appendages consisting of usually 4, rather short, tapering, hyaline, 
 gelatinous, widespread processes attached to the distal ends of the fertile 
 cells and sometimes to both ends. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses, cows, goats, sheep, and pigs. 
 
94 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, and 
 Louisiana; also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PL X, f. 1-5; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi., 9. f., 1-4. 
 
 Type Locality: Italy. 
 
 Distinctive Character: Spores consisting of a fertile cell at each 
 end of a long twisted filament. 
 
 Notes: The smaller dimensions given for the asci represent measurements taken from slightly 
 immature ones while the larger dimensions were from mature swollen forms. This species is very 
 variable. Occasionally fertile cells were found which were very narrow and oval in outline. Some¬ 
 times only one fertile cell is developed, in which case it is very large and irregular in shape. Some 
 spores were found in which the entire filament joining the ferule cells had been transformed into a 
 brown solid structure resembling that of the spore proper Occasionally spores were found with 
 many secondary appendages covering the entire distal half of the fertile cells. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, Feb. 1, 1917, on cow dung collected by Fred Brater, at 
 Summit, near Cincinnati, Sept. 28, 1914, and June 22, 1917, on horse dung collected by the author 
 near McGonigles, Oct. 13, 1916. 
 
 8. Pleurage vestita (Zopf) D. Griff. Mem. Torrey Club 11: 76. 1901. 
 
 Sordaria vestita Zopf, Zeits. Naturw. 56: 556. 1883. 
 
 Podospora vestita Wint. in Rab. Krypt. FI. I 2 : 176. 1887. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, usually more or less sunken, but often quite 
 superficial, pyriform with a black, bare, curved or straight, cylindric beak, 
 525-700x350-440 mic., black above but light-green below, especially in 
 the sunken portions which are so transparent that the asci and spores can 
 be seen rather distinctly, thin, membranous, usually with a dense growth 
 of branched, septate, light-brown mycelium, composed of hyphae 2 mic. in 
 diameter and covering the perithecia up to the beak; paraphyses simple, 
 ventricose, soon shriveling, longer than the asci, evanescent; asci clavate, 
 contracted and rounded above and tapering below into a medium-sized, 
 straight or crooked pedicel, 275-375x60-80 mic. expanded, or 185-240x27- 
 .5-45 mic. not expanded, 8-spored, evanescent; spores 2-seriate, 4 and 4 
 or 5 and 3, ranging from hyaline when young through olivaceous to dark- 
 brown and opaque, ellipsoid to ovoid, 25-40x15-25 mic., with a cylindric 
 primary appendage below as long as the spore or slightly longer, which is 
 tipped with from 1 to 4, usually 4, long, gelatinous appendages similar to 
 the 4 found at the apex of the spore. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses, cows, sheep, rabbits, and pigs; also on 
 wheat-straw and dead culms of Eleocharis. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio, Oregon, Arizona, and Louisiana; 
 also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. X, f. 6-7 and pi. XI, f. 1-6; Mem. Torrey Club 
 11: pi. 9, f. 5-8. 
 
 Type Locality: Europe. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Light-brown mycelium and the 4 gelatinous 
 secondary spore appendages at both the apex of each spore and the tip of 
 its primary appendage. 
 
 Note: Plants cultivated in the laboratory, Dec. 16, 1916, on horse dung, collected by Bruce 
 Fink, at Mason, Aug. 10, 1914; Jan. 20, 1917, on wheat-straw collected by the author, near Georgetown, 
 Dec. 3, 1916; and May 1, 1917, on horse dung collected by Chas. R. Stevenson, at Stout, Jan. 1, 1917. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 95 
 
 9. Pleurage longicaudata D. Griff. Mem. Torrey Club 11: 81. 1901. 
 Sordaria longicaudata Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 601. 1905. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, sunken, but becoming half-exposed in time, 
 globose to pyriform with a short cylindric, black, bare beak, 
 
 640-960x395-480 mic., slightly green and transparent below when 
 
 young, but finally becoming black and opaque, thin, membranous; 
 paraphyses simple, tubular-ventricose, irregular, tapering upward, rather 
 numerous, slightly longer than the asci, septate, soon shriveling and 
 disappearing with age; asci clavate, straight or curved, contracted and 
 rounded above, and tapering below into a long, narrow stipe, 
 
 365-435x45-85 mic. expanded, or about 250-300x38-45 mic. contracted, 
 usually 8-spored, sometimes 4-spored, evanescent; spores 2-seriate when 8 
 or 1-seriate when 4, ranging from hyaline when young through olivaceous 
 or pale-brown to dark brown and opaque, ellipsoid, rounded at the ends, but 
 usually more acutely so above, 27.5-46x15-30 mic., with pestle-shaped or 
 cylindric primary appendages, usually equalling the spore in length and 
 with secondary appendages attached to the tip of the primary and covering 
 the entire spore, being shortest around the equator and increasing in length 
 toward the ends where they may appear to become united into a fugacious? 
 hyaline, gelatinous, striate-frayed filament, but usually at the upper end 
 there are 4 or more separate appendages much longer than the lateral 
 ones. 
 
 Habitat: On cow dung. 
 
 Distribution: Ohio to Kansas, Texas, and Alabama. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XI, f. 7-9 and pi. XII, f. 1-3; Mem. Torrey Club 
 11: pi. 8, f. 9-11. 
 
 Type Locality: Rooks County, Kansas. 
 
 Distinctive Character: The spore appendages. 
 
 Notes: There seems to be considerable variance in the size and shape of the spores. A few 
 spores were found which were almost globose in shape. The author was unable to obtain spores 
 outside of the asci which had the apical appendages in perfect condition These were observed 
 largely in the asci. It was thought that the striations were due to the crushing together of the 
 secondary appendages into a single appendage apparently. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, June 23, 1917, on cow dung collected by Bruce Fink and 
 Robert Gordon, at Eaton, April 10, 1914. 
 
 10. Pleurage multicaudata D. Griff. Mem. Torrey Club 11: 85. 1901. 
 Sordaria multicaudata Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 603. 1905. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, sunken with only the beak projecting, or super¬ 
 ficial, pyriform to globular with a papilliform to cylindric, black, straight 
 or curved beak 670-875x465-730 mic., dark-brown or black and opaque, 
 slightly coriaceous, with the beak covered on all sides, or if curved only 
 on the convex side, with bunches of straight, dark-brown, sparingly 
 septate hairs of various lengths, reaching 875 mic., and with the lower 
 portion uniformly clothed with long, flexuous, branched, brown, septate, 
 rhizoid-like hairs; paraphyses simple, wide, tubular-ventricose, equaling 
 
96 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 the asci and not mixed with them, septate, not persistent; asci clavate, 
 straight or curved, contracted and rounded above and tapering below into 
 a long, narrow, crooked stipe, 275-350x42-65 mic., 8-spored, persistent; 
 spores 2-seriate, 4 and 4 or 5 and 3, ranging from hyaline when young through 
 olivaceous or yellow-brown to dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid to oblong, 
 rounded at both ends 40-50x19-23 mic., without primary appendages, but 
 with secondary appendages forming short, gelatinous, very fugacious, 
 hyaline projections covering the entire spore and being longest at the ends 
 of the spore but never reaching a length equal to it. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses and cows. 
 
 Distribution: Ohio to South Dakota and Mississippi. 
 
 _ _^Illustrations: PI. XII, f. 4-9; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 6, f. 7-9. 
 
 Type Locality: Highmore, South Dakota. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: The tufts of hair on the beaks of the peri- 
 thecia and the beautiful, large, ellipsoid spores covered with short 
 appendages at maturity. 
 
 Notes: In one case a tuft of hair rising from the base of the beak was 1550 mic. long, becom¬ 
 ing a single hair for the last 475 mic. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, June 21, 1917, on horse dung collected by the author, near 
 Georgetown, Sept. 14, 1914. 
 
 11. Pleurage dakotensis D. Griff. Mem. Torrey Club 11: 87. 1901. 
 
 Philocopra dakotensis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 607. 1905. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, sunken or superficial, pyriform with a papilliform 
 to cylindric, black, curved or crooked beak, 600-875x300-555 mic., light- 
 brown, transparent, thin, membranous, with exposed portions covered by 
 tufts of agglutinate, obliquely-septate, light-brown hairs which usually 
 disappear with age; rhizoids branched, flexuous, 2.5 mic. in diameter, septate, 
 smooth and light-brown; paraphyses simple, slightly ventricose, numerous, 
 longer than the asci, but not mixed with them, septate, evanescent^ asci 
 clavate, broadly rounded and contracted above, and contracted below into 
 a short, crooked, stipitate base, 200-270x30-67 mic., 260-295x55-95 mic. 
 expanded, 32-spored, rather persistent; spores in several series, ranging 
 from hyaline when young through olivaceous to dark-brown and opaque, 
 ellipsoid to slightly ovoid, 18-23x12-15 mic., with a short, cylindric, 
 straight, fugacious primary appendage below and with a long, lash-like, 
 very fugacious secondary appendage tipping both the primary and the 
 apex of the spore. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of cows and rabbits; also on dead stems of 
 Salsola tragus L. 
 
 Distribution: New Jersey to Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, and 
 Alabama. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XIII, f. 1-4; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 7, f. 17-19. 
 
 Type Locality: Brookings, South Dakota. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 97 
 
 Distinctive Characters: 32-spored asci, and agglutinated hairs 
 covering the projecting beak and exposed portions of the perithecium. 
 
 Notes: My measurements of perthecia—although made without cover-glass—and of asci were 
 greater than those made by Griffiths, but our spore measurements agree. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, June 19, 1917, on rabbit dung collected by Wm A. Stratton, 
 Sardinia, Dec. 29, 1916; also June 26, 1917, on rabbit dung collected by the author, near Georgetown, 
 Dec. 3,1916. 
 
 12. Pleurage curvicolla (Wint.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant 3 3 : 505. 1898. 
 Sordaria curvicolla Wint. Hedwigia 10: 161. 1871 
 Philocopra curvicolla Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1: 250. 1882. 
 
 Mycelium superficial, gray, branched, septate, with hyphae 1-2 mic. 
 in diameterj perithecia, scattered or gregarious, sunken, but often 
 erumpen^and half superficial at maturity, pyriform with a black, 
 projecting, rather stout, cylindric, straight or curved beak, 395- 
 655x250-450 mic., light-brown, transparent, thin, membranous, ornamented 
 on the lower half of the beak with bunches of simple, nearly straight, 
 accuminate, long, septate, smooth, hyaline to light-brown, persistent 
 hairs; paraphyses not observed*; asci widely clavate to sac-like, broadly 
 rounded above and contracted below into a short stipe, 200-230x70-100 
 mic., 128-256-spored, rather persistent; spores in many series, ranging 
 from hyaline when young through pale-olivaceous to dark-brown and 
 opaque, ovoid to ellipsoid, 11-22x9-14 mic., terminated below by a short 
 primary appendage*. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses, cows, and rabbits. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio, Montana and Alabama; also 
 in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XIII, f. 5-12; Bull. Torrey Club 26; pi. 365, 
 f. 13-15; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 10, f. 1-6. 
 
 Type Locality: Germany. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Tufts of hairs on the perithecia, and 
 the large number of small spores. 
 
 •Notes: Griffiths and Seaver give “paraphyses tubular to filiform tapering upwards, septate, 
 longer than the asci’’; they also state that the apex of the spore and the primary appendage are 
 each tipped with a long, lash-like gelatinous, hyaline, very fugacious, secondary appendage. My 
 material was too old to observe these, only the primary appendages being present in a few. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, 1914, on rabbit dung collected by Bruce Fink, Peebles, Oct- 
 24, 1913; also April 4, 1917, on horse dung collected by Charles R. Stevenson, Stout, Jan. 1, 1917; and 
 May, 1917 on potato hard agar by transferring the spores ejected upon the lid of the Petri dish contain¬ 
 ing the Stout material. 
 
 13. Pleurage collapsa D. Griff. Mem. Torrey Club 11: 89. 1901. 
 Philocopra collapsa Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 607. 1905. 
 
 Perithecia scattered or aggregate, sunken, pyriform to subglobose, 
 with a papilliform to short, cylindric, black beak, 450-500x400-450 mic., 
 pale-green below at first but soon becoming brown, thin, membranous, 
 with the exposed portion, surrounding the base of the beak, covered with 
 long, flexuous, septate, brown hairs; paraphyses ventricose, agglutinate, 
 longer than the asci, but not much mixed with them, evanescent; asci 
 clavate to fusiform contracted and sharply rounded above and contracted 
 
98 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 below into a short, blunt stipe, *210-225x30-50 mic., 64-spored, evanescent; 
 spores in several series, ranging from hyaline when young through 
 olivaceous to dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid and broadly rounded at the 
 ends, 15-21x10-14 mic., with a primary appendage that is very long and 
 slightly clavate when young, but at maturity is very much shriveled and 
 indistinguishable from the short, blunt secondary appendages which 
 terminate it and the apex of the spore. 
 
 Habitat: On rabbit dung. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio and Alabama. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XIV, f. 1-4; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 10, f. 
 14-18. 
 
 Type Locality: New York City. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Hairy perithecia, 64-spored asci and 
 character of primary appendages. 
 
 *Note: Measurements of asci weremade from old material and thus not expanded but contracted. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, Dec. 8, 1916, on rabbit dung collected by the author, near 
 Georgetown, Sept 14, 1914. 
 
 14. Pleurage pleiospora ( Winl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant. 3 ’: 504. 
 1898. 
 
 Sordaria pleiospora Wint. Hedwigia 10: 161. 1871. 
 
 Philocopra pleiospora Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1: 249. 1882. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, sunken but becoming more or less free with age, 
 pyriform with a papilliform to somewhat elongate, cylindric, black, bare, 
 usually curved beak, 500-700x375-525 mic., dark-brown, somewhat 
 transparent when young, thin, membranous, the whole surface of the 
 perithecium, except the tip of the beak, and of the substratum covered 
 with long, flexuous, septate, smooth, pale-brown hairs; paraphyses simple, 
 rather stout, ventricose, longer than the asci, septate, evanescent; asci 
 clavate to fusiform, contracted and narrowly rounded above and 
 contracted below into a short, narrow, usually crooked, stipitate base, 
 310x65 mic., 64-spored, but at times appear to be less, evanescent; spores 
 in several series, ranging from hyaline when young through olivaceous to 
 dark-brown and opaque, ellipsoid, rounded at both ends but usually more 
 broadly so below, 27.5-40x15-20 mic., with a clavate to cylindric 
 primary appendage, equal to or longer than the spore, the base surrounded 
 with 2-several hyaline, gelatinous secondary appendages varying in form 
 and size, the apex of the spore being crowned by a tuft of very fine 
 filaments closely united into a short, blunt, straight or curved appendage. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses and cows. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio, Mississippi and Alabama; also 
 in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XIV, f. 5-8; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 10, f. 7-10. 
 
 Type Locality: Europe. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 99 
 
 Distinctive Character: The spore appendages. 
 
 NoteSi Measurement for asci was taken from a slightly immature one since no mature forms 
 were found in the material, they being very evanescent. Saccardo gives 208-300x70-120 mic. for size 
 of asci; Griffiths, 250-300x60-110 mic. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, April 26, 1917, on horse dung collected by Chas. R. Stevenson, 
 at Stout, Adams Co., Jan. 1, 1917. A culture growth on potato hard agar was obtained from these 
 plants. 
 
 3. Delitschia Auersw. Hedwigia 5: 49. 1866. 
 
 Perithecia superficial or sunken, dark-brown to black and opaque, 
 thin and membranous to thick and coriaceous, hairy or smooth; asci 8 or 
 16-spored with an internal membrane which generally ruptures on a 
 plainly marked constriction just below the apex; spores 2-celled, 
 dark-brown and opaque, usually with a gelatinous envelope. 
 
 Type species, Delitschia didyma Auersw. 
 
 Asci 8-spored. 
 
 Spores obliquely septate, 2 seriate. 1. D. leporina. 
 
 Spores transversely septate, small, with hyaline envelope. 
 
 Beak long-cylindric and hairy. 2. D. vulgaris. 
 
 1. Delitschia Leporina.£>, Griff. Mem. Torrey Club 11: 101, 102. 
 1901. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, sunken, pyriform to short-cylindric or conic, 
 with a broad, truncate, projecting, rough or warty beak which is 
 uniformly covered with long, flexuous, delicate, brown, septate hairs, 
 625-700x350-555 mic., dark-brown to black and opaque, thin, membranous; 
 paraphyses simple or branched, filiform, numerous, longer than the asci 
 and mixed with them, septate, persistent; asci clavate, broadly rounded 
 above and contracted below into a short, blunt stipe, 255-325x30-40 mic., 
 8-spored, persistent; spores 2-seriate, 2-celled with a deep, rather broad 
 constriction, ranging from hyaline when young through yellow to dark- 
 brown and opaque, rather narrowly ellipsoid, acutely rounded at the ends, 
 47.5-65x15-19 mic., with a linear germ-pore along wall of each cell and 
 with a hyaline, rather persistent envelope which expands greatly in water 
 and is evidently septate and broadly constricted similar to the spore. 
 
 Habitat: On rabbit dung. 
 
 Distribution: New Jersey and Ohio. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XV, f. 1-7; Mem. Torrey Club ID pi. 13, f. 14-16. 
 
 Type Locality: Fort Lee, New Jersey. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: 2-seriate, obliquely septate and deeply 
 constricted spores. 
 
 Notes: Some spores were found measuring as much as 40-72x15-25 mic. Griffiths gives size of 
 perithecia at 600-750x500 mic., asci 240-295x30-34 mic., and spores 40-65x16-20 mic. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory. May 4, 1917, on rabbit dung collected by the author at 
 Oxford, Oct. 22, 1914. 
 
 2. Delitschia vulgaris D. Griff. Mem. Torrey Club 11: 104. 1901. 
 
 ^Perithecia scattered, sunken, subglobose to pyriform, with a long, 
 cylindric, curved or twisted beak which is densely covered with short, 
 
100 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 wavy, brown, sparingly septate hairs, 600-750x375-450 mic., brown to 
 black and opaque, thin, membranous; paraphyses filiform, septate, 
 abundant, longer than the asci and mixed with them; asci cylindric, broadly 
 rounded above and contracted below into a stout, tapering stipe, 185-215 
 x24-27 mic., 8-spored, persistent; spores obliquely 1-seriate, 2-celled, 
 ranging from hyaline when young through yellow to dark-brown and 
 opaque, ellipsoid, broadly rounded at the ends, with a broad, shallow 
 constriction, 27-30x13-16 mic., with a hyaline envelope prominent, 
 swelling greatly in water and showing a striation continuous with the 
 septum of the spore and with a germ-pore extending from each end of 
 the spore over half-way to the septum. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of horses and cows. 
 
 Distribution: New York to Ohio and Alabama. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XV, f. 8-14; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 14, f. 4-6. 
 
 Type Locality: New York City. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Long hairy beaks of perithecia and 
 ellipsoid spores. 
 
 *Notes: Owing to the small amount of material at hand, the description had to be taken largely 
 from that given by David Griffiths, especially all measurements. The author’s measurements which 
 were made were as follows: perithecia 685-1135x235 mic. and spores 27.5-30x12.5-13 mic. My 
 material agreed with that of Griffiths in that only two or three perithecia were found on the same 
 culture. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, April 24, 1917, on horse dung collected by Chas. R. Stevenson 
 at Stout, Jan. 1, 1917. 
 
 4. Spororima De-Not. Mem. Accad# Torino II. 10: 342. 1849. 
 
 Perithecia sunken or less frequently superficial, globose or ovoid, 
 with papilliform to cylindric beak, membranous to coriaceous and some¬ 
 times slightly brittle; asci cylindric to clavate with an internal membrane 
 which is usually perforate at the apex; spores 4-many-celled, usually 
 dark-brown and opaque, fusiform to cylindric, and surrounded by a 
 hyaline gelatinous envelope. 
 
 Type species, Sporormia fimetaria De-Not. 
 
 Spores 4-celled. 
 
 Beak always small, papilliform or wanting. 
 
 Paraphyses few or entirely wanting. Spores dark-brown or black at 
 maturity. 1. S. minima. 
 
 Paraphyses abundant. Spores narrowly cylindric. 
 
 Asci clavate, spores large. 
 
 Asci cylindric, spores small. 
 
 Beak enlarged and tubercular. Plant and spores small. 
 
 Spores more than 4-celled. 
 
 Spores 16-celled, united into a cylindric mass. 
 
 Spores 10-15-celled with a very large cell in the upper spore of the ascus. 
 
 6. S. herculea. 
 
 2. S. intermedia. 
 
 3. S. leporina. 
 
 4. S. tuberculata. 
 
 5. S>. fimetaria. 
 
 1. Sporormia minima Auersw. Hedwigia 7: 66. 1868. 
 
 Sphaeria multifera Berk. & Rav.; Berk. Grevillea 4: 143. 1876. 
 
 Philocopra midtifera Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1: 251. 1882. 
 
 Mycelium both within substratum and superficial, gray or mouse- 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 101 
 
 colored in mass, becoming brown, branched, septate; perithecia scattered, 
 sunken, with the small papilliform beak projecting to the surface, later 
 more or less erumpent with the beak disappearing almost entirely, leaving 
 the perithecium simply perforate, globose to ellipsoid, 90-220x90-160 mic., 
 dark-brown, opaque, thin, membranous; paraphyses simple, filiform, few or 
 absent, about equal to the asci, septate, persistent; asci cylindric-clavate, 
 broadly rounded above and contracted below into a short or almost sessile 
 base, 65-110x13-18 mic., 8-spored, opening by a cap-like lid, rather 
 persistent; spores in two or three series, 4-celled, ranging from hyaline 
 when young through yellow to dark-brown and opaque, cylindric, straight 
 or curved, rounded at the ends, deeply constricted and easily separable, 
 especially at the middle, 26-34x5-6 mic., with hyaline envelope easily 
 visible in water and septate corresponding with the septation of the spore, 
 persistent. 
 
 Habitat: On the dung of goats, horses, cows, sheep, rabbits, dogs, 
 prairie dogs, and burros. 
 
 Distribution: Vermont to Ohio, Oregon, Arizona, and Louisiana; 
 also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PL XVI, f. 1-5; A. Berl. Ic. Fung. 1: pi. 28, f. 4; Ellis 
 & Ev. N. Am. Pyrenom. pi. 18, f. 6-9; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 15, f. 16-18. 
 
 Type Locality: Europe. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Small size of perithecia and few 
 paraphyses. 
 
 Note: Plants collected by the author on cow dung, at Oxford, Oct. 1, 1913, and 5 miles south of 
 Oxford, Oct. 14, 1916; also grown in laboratory, June 13, 1917, on potato hard agar from specimens on 
 rabbit dung, collected by the author, at Oxford, Oct. 22, 1914. 
 
 2. Sporormia intermedia Auersw. Hedwigia 7: 67. 1868. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, sunken but becoming superficial sometimes, 
 pyriform, 385-875x205-480 mic., dark-brown to black and opaque, 
 coriaceous or often slightly brittle, covered even to the tip of the beak 
 with simple, fiexuous or bristle-like, septate, smooth, pale-brown hairs, 
 the lower serving as rhizoids and being branched, or often with age the 
 hairs disappear leaving only papillate projections as evidence of their 
 presence; paraphyses sparingly branched, filiform, numerous, longer 
 than the asci and mixed with them, septate, rather persistent; asci 
 clavate-cylindric, broadly rounded above and contracted below into a 
 short, blunt, usually curved base, 125-230x22-30 mic., 8-spored, opening 
 by a thimble-like rupture when the perforate membrane becomes plainly 
 visible, rather persistent; spores in 2-3 series, overlapping, 4-celled, 
 ranging from hyaline when young through pale, olivaceous-yellow, 
 pale-brown to dark-brown and opaque, cylindric, straight or slightly 
 curved, broadly rounded at the ends and usually deeply constricted. 
 
102 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 47.5-65x9-15 mic!, having a hyaline envelope surrounding the entire 
 spore, swelling greatly in water and showing striatious continous with the 
 septa of the spore. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of rabbits, horses, cows, sheep, prairie dogs, and 
 dogs. 
 
 Distribution: Vermont to Ohio, Oregon, California, and Mississippi; 
 also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XVI, f, 6-13; Hedwigia 7: pi. 1, f. 4; A. Berl. 
 Ic. Fung. 1: pi. 29, f. 2: Mem. Torrey Club LI: pi. 15, f. 19-21. 
 
 Type Locality: Europe. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Broad large spores and usually hairy 
 
 ♦ 
 
 perithecia. 
 
 Notes: The size of the perithecia and of the spores were found to be larger than those 
 previously reported for this species and the perithecia were covered with hairs except in older 
 specimens, yet the author does not deem it wise to call this a new species since all other 
 characteristics agree so well. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, April 3,1917, on horse dung collected by Chas. R. Stevenson, 
 at Stout, Jan. 1, 1917. 
 
 3. Sporormia leporina Niessl, Oesterr. Bot. Zeits. 28: A 96. 1878. 
 
 ^Perithecia sunken and scattered or aggregate in small, loose clusters 
 which become erumpent and form small elevations of the material 
 of the substratum, which, on disintegrating, leaves the perithecia 
 exposed, subglobose to ovoid, with a papilliform or conic beak, 
 200-225x150-180 mic., black and shining above, thin, membranous or 
 often inclined to be brittle; paraphyses sparingly branched, filiform, 
 constricted especially below, abundant, longer than the asci and mixed with 
 them, septate; asci cylindric, broadly rounded above and contracted below 
 into a short, blunt stipe, 105-135x12-16 mic., 8-spored; spores obliquely 
 2-seriate, 4 celled, ranging from hyaline when young through yellow to 
 dark-brown and opaque, cylindric, deeply constricted, easily separable, 
 rounded at the ends, 32-35x5-6 mic., with a hyaline envelope becoming 
 prominent in water and evidently striate corresponding with the septation 
 of the spores. 
 
 Habitat: On rabbit dung; also cultivated on the dung of horses and 
 cows. 
 
 Distribution: New York, New Jersey, Ohio, and- Ontario; also in 
 Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XVII, f. 1-3; A. Berl. Ic. Fung. 7: pi. 28, f. 3; 
 Mem. Torrey Club 77: pi. 15, f. 22-24. 
 
 Type Locality: Europe. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Small beak, cylindric asci, and cylindric 
 comparatively short spores. 
 
 ♦Notes: Description is taken largely from that given by Griffiths, especially the measurements. 
 The author found the following measurements for the small amount of material obtainable; perithec a 
 250-x220 mic.. asci 125x13 mic., spores 30-37.5x5-6 mic. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, April 5, 1917, on a straw in horse manure collected by Chas R. 
 Stevenson, at Stout. Jan. 1, 1917. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 103 
 
 4. Sporormia tuberculata D. Griff. Mem. Torrey Club 11: 112. 1901. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, sunken, globose with a tubercular, enlarged, 
 black beak, *375-395x300-320 mic., dark-brown to black and opaque, 
 thin, membranous, cellular structure being visible; paraphyses branched, 
 filiform, 2-3 mic. wide, shriveling to 1 mic., guttulate, numerous, 
 equaling the asci and mixed with them, septate; asci clavate, broadly 
 rounded above and contracted below into a rather long, narrow, crooked 
 stipe, 150-155x15-16 mic., 8-spored, persistent; spores 2-seriate, 4-celled, 
 pale-brown, cylindric, rounded at the ends, deeply constricted and easily 
 separable, 32-38x6-7.5 mic., with a narrow, hyaline, rather persistent 
 envelope, showing striations continuous with the septa of the spore. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of goats and horses. 
 
 Distribution: New Jersey to Ohio and Arizona. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XVII, f. 4-7; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 15, f. 
 13-15. 
 
 Type Locality: Fort Lee, New Jersey. 
 
 Distinctive Character: The enlarged, tuberculate beak of the 
 perithecittrc?. 
 
 •Notes: The measurements were based upon only a few specimens. Griffiths gives the following 
 measurements: perithecia 375-450x225-275 mic., asci 100-130x11-13 mic. and spores 32-33x5.5-7 mic. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, June 16, 1917, on horse dung, collected by Chas. R. Stevenson, 
 at Stout, Jan. 1, 1917. 
 
 5. Sporormia fimetaria De-Not. Mem. Accad. Torino II. 10: 342. 1849. 
 Sphaeria fimetaria Rab; Klotzsch, Herb. Viv. Myc. 1733. 1853. 
 
 Perithecia scattered, sunken beneath the thin upper crust of the 
 substratum through which the upper wall of the perithecium opens on the 
 surface, globose, without any visible beak, the ostiolum being simply an 
 opening in the wall of the perithecium, 90-145 mic. in diameter, brown, 
 opaque, thin, membranous; paraphyses not observed (paraphyses sparingly 
 branched, filiform, longer than the asci and mixed with them, septate, 
 Griffiths); asci cylindric, broadly rounded above and contracted below into 
 a rather broad, stout, stipitate base, 70-80x12-16 mic., 8-spored, persistent; 
 spores parallel, firmly united into a cylindric, truncate mass in the center 
 of the ascus, 16-celled with the end cells nearly twice the length of the 
 others (Ellis & Ev. say 16-20-celled), brown, rod-shaped, 50-54x3.5-4 mic., 
 the whole mass of spores surrounded by a very narrow hyaline envelope 
 which does not adhere to the individual spores when isolated. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of cows and sheep. 
 
 Distribution: Vermont to Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, and Mississippi; 
 also in Europe. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XVII, f. 8-11; A. N. Berk Ic. Fung 1: pi. 37, f. 4. 
 1894; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 17, f. 4-7. 
 
 Type Locality: Europe. 
 
104 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Distinctive Characters: Fasciculated many-celled spores and small, 
 sunken perithecia. 
 
 Notes: Plants found on cow dung after being placed in moist Petri dishes. The material was 
 collected at Peebles by Bruce Fink, Oct. 28, 1913, and at Stout by Chas. R. Stevenson, Jan. 1, 1917. 
 
 6. Sporormia herculea Ellis & Ev. N. Am. Pyrenom. 135. 1892. 
 
 Mycelium superficial, salmon-colored, branched, septate; perithecia 
 scattered, sunken, globose, with a projecting, black, cylindric beak which 
 terminates in an enlarged, black, warty, irregularly expanded or even 
 forked extremity sometimes 375x135 mic., 600-800x390-660 mic., black, 
 opaque, membranous to coriaceous, sometimes inclined to be brittle; 
 paraphyses simple, filiform, abundant, longer than the asci and mixed 
 with them, septate, persistent; asci clavate or slightly fusiform, broadly 
 rounded above and contracted below into a short, blunt stipe, 
 315-355x40-65 mic., 8-spored, quite persistent; spores obliquely 2-3-seriate, 
 10-15-celled, ranging from hyaline when young through yellow to 
 dark-brown, fusiform at first but becoming more or less cylindric at 
 maturity, rounded or subacute at the ends, deeply constricted and easily 
 separable into individual cells, 125-155x16-20 mic., the second to the fifth 
 cell from above in the upper spore of the ascus being much larger than 
 any of the others, ordinary cells 12.5-17.5x12-20 mic., large cell 
 20x20-25 mic., hyaline envelope very evanescent. 
 
 Habitat: On dung of cows and horses. 
 
 Distribution: Rhode Island to Ohio and Texas. 
 
 Illustrations: PI. XVIII, f. 1-9; Mem. Torrey Club 11: pi. 17, f. 1-3. 
 
 Type Locality: Newfield, New Jersey. 
 
 Distinctive Characters: The peculiar beaks of the perithecia and 
 the peculiar upper spore of an ascus. 
 
 Notes: Ellis & Everhart give the following measurements: perithecia 500-750 mic., in diameter, 
 asci 250-342x50-60 mic., spores 112-152x14-16 mic; Griffiths & Seaver give: perithecia 440-550 mic. 
 in diameter, asci 225-300x45-60 mic., spores 135-150x18-21 mic. 
 
 Plants cultivated in the laboratory, Oct. 16, 1916, on cow dung collected by the author, near 
 Georgetown, Sept. 7, 1914. 
 
 GLOSSARY 
 
 Acicula (pi. aciculae), a needle-like or bristle-like spine or prickle. 
 Acicular, slender or needle-shaped. 
 
 Acuminate, having a gradually diminishing point. 
 
 Adnate, to grow attached the whole length. 
 
 Agglutinate, glued together. 
 
 Aggregate, collected together. 
 
 Apical, at or belonging to the apex, tip or summit. 
 
 Apiculus, a small apical point. 
 
 Arachnoid, like a cobweb, from an entanglement of fine white hairs. 
 Beak, a pointed projection. 
 
 Bristle, a stiff hair. 
 
 Circinate, coiled into a ring. 
 
 Clavate, club-shaped, thickened towards the apex. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 105 
 
 Conic, having the shape of a cone as the carrot. 
 
 Convolutions, folds. 
 
 Coriaceous, leathery, tough. 
 
 Dichotomous, forked, parted by pairs. 
 
 Ellipsoid, an elliptic solid. 
 
 Erumpent, prominent as though bursting through the epidermis. 
 
 Evanescent, soon disappearing, lasting only a short time. 
 
 Excentrically, one-sided. 
 
 Fascicled, drawn into a close cluster or bundle. 
 
 Filiform, thread-like. 
 
 Flexuous, bent alternately in opposite directions, zigzag. 
 
 Fugacious, soon perishing or disappearing. 
 
 Fuscous, dusky, too brown for a gray. 
 
 Fusiform, thick, but tapering towards each end. 
 
 Gelatinous, jelly-like. 
 
 Germ-pore, a pit on the surface of a spore-envelope through which a germ-tube 
 makes its appearance. 
 
 Germ-tube, a tubular process from a spore developing into a hypha, and then into a 
 mycelium or promycelium. 
 
 Gregarious, growing in company, associated but not matted. 
 
 Guttulate, resembling drops of oil or resin. 
 
 Homogeneous, of the same kind or nature. 
 
 Hyaline, colorless or translucent. A glass-green. 
 
 Immersed, below the surface. 
 
 Incrusted, covered with a hard crust or coat. 
 
 Limoniformis, lemon-shaped. 
 
 Mycelium, the vegetative portion of the thallus of fungi, composed of hyphae. 
 Olivaceous, the color of a ripe olive. 
 
 Ostiolum, the opening through which spores escape from the perithecium. 
 
 Ovoid, an egg-shaped solid. 
 
 Papilla (pi. papillae), soft superficial glands or protuberances; aciculae. 
 
 Papillate, having soft superficial glands, protuberances, or aciculae. 
 
 Papilliform, shaped like a papilla; a small protuberance. 
 
 Paraphyses, sterile filaments occurring in the fruit-body. 
 
 Perforate, pierced through. 
 
 Perithecium (pi. perithecia), a receptacle or case enclosing spores which are naked or 
 in asci. 
 
 Persistent, remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind sometimes 
 fall off or are absorbed. 
 
 Profile, in side view. 
 
 Pyriform, resembling a pear in shape. 
 
 Remote, scattered, not close together. 
 
 Saprophytic, living on dead organic matter. 
 
 Scabrous, roughened or rough to the touch. 
 
 Septate, divided by a partition. 
 
 Septum, (pi. septa), any kind of partition, whether a true dissepiment or not. 
 
 Seriate, disposed in a series of rows. 
 
 Sessile, without a stalk. 
 
 Stroma, a cushion-like body, on or in which the perithecia are immersed; a compound 
 fungus-body. 
 
 Subcircinate, somewhat coiled into a circle. 
 
 Subglobose, nearly globular. 
 
 3 O B S 
 
106 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 Substratum, the substance upon or within which a fungus grows. 
 
 Subulate, awl-shaped. 
 
 Superficial, lying on the surface, not deep in the substratum. 
 
 Truncate, as though cut off at the end. 
 
 Tuft, a waving or bending and spreading cluster; a clump. 
 
 Ventricose, swelling or inflated on one side. * 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Auerswald, B. Delitschia Awd., nov. gen. egrege Sphaeriacearum simplicium et; 
 
 affinitate Sordariarum et Amphisphaeriarum. Hedwigia, 5: 49. 1866. 
 
 Die Sporormia Arten. Hedwigia 7 : 65-70. pi. 1. 1868. 
 
 Berlese, A. N. leones Fungorum 1 : pi. 28, f. 3, 4; pi. 29, f. 2; pi. 37, f. 4. 1894. 
 
 Cesati, V. Hedwigia 1 : 103. pi. 14, f. A. 1856. 
 
 Cooke, M. C. British Fungi. Grevillea 1 : 176. 1873. 
 
 Cooke, M. C. & Ellis, J. B. New Jersey Fungi. Grevillea 6 : 96. pi. 100, f. 38. 1878; 8 : 
 16. 1879. 
 
 Corda, A. C. I. leones Fungorum 1 : 24. pi. 7, f. 293, B. 1837; 2 : 29. pi. 13, f. 103. 1838. 
 Desmazieres, J. B. H. J. Plantes Cryptogames. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11 : 353. 1849. 
 Ellis, J. B. South Jersey Fungi. Bull. Torrey Club 6 : 109. 1876. 
 
 Ellis, J. B. & Everhart, B. M. New Species of Fungi from Various Localities. Am. 
 Nat. 31 : 340, 341. 1897. 
 
 North American Pyrenomycetes, 122-136. pi. 16, f. 1-6; pi. 17, f. 1-3 and 10-12. 
 pi. 18, f. 1-9. 1892. 
 
 Fries, Elias. Pyrenomycetes. Summa Veg. Scand. 418. 1849. 
 
 Fuckel, L. Symbolae Mvcologicae, 89-90 and 239-246. pi. 4, f. 1. 1869. 
 
 Symbolae Mycologica£, Beitrage sur Kenntniss der Rheinischen Pilze. 
 Nachtrag II. Mit 1 Lithographirten Tafel. Jahr. Nass. Ver. Nat. 27 - 28 : 
 43, 44. pi. 1, f. 33. 1873. 
 
 Greville, Robert K. Scot. Crypt. FI. IV : 230. pi. 230. 1826. 
 
 Griffiths, David. The North American Sordariaceae. Mem. Torrey Club 11 : 1-134. 
 pi. 1-19. 1901. 
 
 Contributions to a better Knowledge of the Pyrenomycetes, 1 A Study of 
 Miscellaneous Species. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 432-444. pi. 365, f. 1-18. 1899. 
 
 Griffiths, David, Seaver, Fred Jay, and Palliser, Helen Letitia. Fimetariales. 
 
 N. Amer. FI. 3 : 57-88. 1910. 
 
 Kuntze, Otto. Revisio Generum Plantarum 3 s : 504, 505. 1898. 
 
 Kunze, Gustav. Mykologische Hefte 1 : 15. 1817. 
 
 Niessl, G. V. Die Arten der Pyrenomycetengattung. Sporormia De Not. Oesterr. 
 Bot. Zeits. 28 : 44 & 96. 1878. 
 
 Peck, Charles H. Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 28 : 64 & 78. pi. 2, f. 14-17. 1879. 
 
 Plants found growing spontaneously in the State and not before reported. 
 
 Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 27 : 106. 1875. 
 
 Species not before reported. Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 49: 38. 1897. 
 
 Phillips, Wm. & Plowright, Charles B. New and rare British Fungi. Grevillea 
 187, 188. pi. 25, f. 1. 1874; 6; 28, 29. pi. 94. 1877. 
 
 Plowright, Charles B. Californian Sphaeriae. Grevillea 7: 71, 72. pi. 120, 
 
 f. 2. 1878. 
 
 Rabenhorst, L. Malinverma nov. gen. Hedwigia 1 : 116. pi. 15, f. 4. 1857. 
 
 Rehm, H. Ascomycetes (fasc. XV.) Hedwigia 23 : 74-76. 1884. 
 
THE FIMETARIALES OF OHIO 
 
 107 
 
 Saccardo, P. A. Fungi Veneti. Michelia 1: 373. 1878. 
 
 Sylloge Fungorum, Chaetomium 7:220-230: 9:484-486: 11: 279; 14: 490, 491; 16: 
 428-430; 17: 600, 601. Delitschia, 1: 732-734; 9: 747-749; 11: 317; 14: 
 558; 16: 506, 507; 17: 686-688. Hypocopra, 1: 240-248; 9: 490-493; 11: 
 279-280; 16: 433, 434; 17: 605, 606. Philocopra, 1: 249-252; 9: 494; 16: 
 434, 435; 17: 606-608. Sordaria, 1: 230-239; 9: 487-489; 14: 492-494; 16: 
 430-433; 17: 601-605. Sporormia, 2: 123-132; 9: 816-820; 11: 329, 330; 
 14: 577; 16: 526, 527; 17: 737-739. 1882-1905. 
 
 Spegazzini, Carolo. Fungi Coprohili Veneti. Michelia 1: 224-228. 1878. 
 
 Winter, George. Diagnosen neuer Pilze. Hedwigia 10: 161, 162. 1871. 
 
 Exotische Pilze IV. C. Pilze von Cape Horn. Hedwigia 26: 16. 1887. 
 
 Die Pilze Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz, in Rabenhorst 
 Kryptogamenflora 1-: 162-177 and 179-187. (f. 1-3 and 1-4 page 162). 
 
 1887. 
 
 Zopf, Dr. W. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Ascomyceten-Chaetomium. Nova 
 Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 42: 279. pi. 17, 14-26; pi. 18, 1-11; pi. 19, f. 
 13-20; pi. 20, f. 1-26. 1881. 
 
108 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATES 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-8. Chaetomium murorum. 1-2. Two kinds of apical hairs. 3. Upper half of 
 a lateral hair. 4-6. Young asci in outline. 7. Spore-bearing part of a mature 
 ascus. 8. A spore. 
 
 9-11. Chaetomium olivaceum. 9. A young ascus. 10. Spore-bearing part of a 
 mature ascus. 11. Slightly immature spores. 
 
 12-20. Chaetomium spirochaete. 12. Perithecium. 13. Apical hair. 14. Portion 
 of a different kind of apical hair. 15, 16. Lateral hairs. 17, 18. Basal 
 hairs. 19. Immature ascus. 20. Spores showing oil globules in some. 
 
 21-22. Chaetomium bostrychodes. 21. Perithecium. 22. A portion of the 
 perithecial wall showing structure. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE I 
 
 109 
 
110 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-8. Chaetomium bostrychodes. 1,2. Two types of apical hairs. 3. A lateral hair 
 showing the hyaline tip. 4. Paraphyses. 5. Young asci. 6. Spore-bearing 
 portion of a mature ascus. 7. Mature ascus with only six spores visible. 8. 
 Spores. 
 
 9-12. Chaetomium datum. 9-11. Several sections of an apical hair. 9. Near the 
 base. 10. At the point of branching. 11. At the hyaline tip. 12. Spores, one 
 with an oil globule. 
 
 13-18. Chaetomium funicola. 13. Perithecium. 14. Part of a simple apical hair 
 showing the hyaline tip. 15, 16. Branched hairs. 17. Rhizoids. 18. 
 Spores. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE II 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 111 
 
112 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-6. Fimetaria tetraspora. 1. Perithecium showing superficial mycelium. 2. 
 Paraphyses with an ascus, showing shape and spore-arrangement. 3. 
 Paraphyses. 4. Apical spore of ascus with peculiar enlargement of hyaline 
 envelope. 5. Mature spore. 6. Old spores, end and side views. 
 
 7-11. Fimetaria Humana. 7, 8. Perithecia. 9. Young ascus enlarged at the tip, 
 due perhaps to the pressure of the young asci. 10. Apical portion of a 
 paraphysis. 11. Old spores, hyaline envelope having disappeared. 
 
 12-19. Fimetaria minima. 12. Perithecium as observed under the cover-glass 
 with portions of the substratum beneath it. 13. Two perithecia as observed 
 under the cover-glass with portions of the substratum beneath them. 14. 
 Aciculae of the perithecium. 15. Paraphyses. 16. Paraphyses shriveled 
 with two entwining each other. 17. Asc^one showing oil globules which are 
 present in the spores of most of the asci. 18. Spores showing the hyaline 
 envelope and two oil globules in each. 19. Spores germinating after 20 hours 
 in water at room temperature. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE III 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 113 
 
114 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-6. Fimetaria Jimicola. 1. Perithecium shown as cut on one side showing spores 
 within, mycelium, and the attachment to the substratum. Shaded portion 
 filled with asci. 2. Tip of an ascus showing pore at tip, and hyaline envelope 
 as seen in the ascus, and germ-pore pointed downwards. 3. Young spore, 
 showing hyaline envelope, germ-pore, and three oil globules. 4. Mature 
 spores. 5. Spore end view. 6. Spore seen obliquely. 
 
 7-8. Fimetaria pilosa. 7. Perithecium. 8. Ascus showing spore-arrangement. 
 9-16. Fimetaria discospora. 9 & 11. Perithecia in outline. 10. Perithecium. 12. 
 An acicula. 13. Paraphyses and asci in outline. 14. Mature ascus. 15. A 
 spore. 16. Rather large spores seen in one specimen. Thought by some 
 authors to belong to a different species. Seems to be a variation in the same 
 species. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE IV 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 115 
 
116 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-3. Fimetaria fimicola. 1. Perithecium with spores escaping. 2. Young ascus. 
 3. Mature ascus. 
 
 4-8. Pleurage taenioides. 4. Perithecium. 5. An old spore. 6. Mature spore 
 X 79. 7. Same X 450. 8. Mature spore showing folds in the primary 
 
 appendage. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE V 
 
 6 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 ft 
 
 117 
 
118 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-10. Pleurage anserina. 1. Perithecium with spores escaping. 2. Apical hairs. 
 3. Ascus and paraphyses in outline X 306. 4, 5. Young asci in outline. 
 6. Ascus almost mature. 7. Mature ascus. 8. Ascus apex showing cap 
 breaking off. 9. Young spore showing primary appendage with septa. 
 10. Peculiar mature spore, not a common type. 
 
 I 
 

 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE VI 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 119 
 
120 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-5. Pleurage conica. 1. Perithecium. 2, 3. Agglutinate hairs of the perithecium. 
 
 4. Mature ascus. 5. Mature spores. 
 
 6-8. Pleurage amphicornis. 6. Perithecium. 7. Hairs. 8. Rhizoid. 
 
 * 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE VII 
 
 4 O B S 
 
122 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-4. Pleurage amphicornis. 1. Perithecium showing apparent thickness of the 
 wall and the spore area. 2. A young spore. 3. A mature spore. 4. An old spore. 
 5-9. Pleurage hyalopilosa. 5, 6. Perithecia. 7. Rhizoids. 8. Ascus X 79. 9. 
 Outline of upper portion of two asci. 
 
 / 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE VIII 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 123 
 
124 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. 
 
 Note?: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-4. Pleurage hyalopilosa. 1. Young spores in outline. 2, 3. Older spores. 4. 
 A mature spore. 
 
 5-8. Pleurage immersa. 5. Perithecium. 6. Ascus showing spore arrangement. 
 7. A mature spore. 8. An old spore. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE IX 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 125 
 
126 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-5. Pleurage zygospora. L Perithecium. 2. Portions of arachnoid mycelium. 
 
 3. Outline of young ascus X 306. 4. Young spore. 5. Mature spores X 306. 
 
 6-7. Pleurage vestita. 6. Perithecium. 7. Rhizoid-like mycelium. 
 
 / 
 
OHIO] BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE X 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 127 
 
128 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-6. Pleurage vestita. 1. Mature ascus showing 2-seriate arrangement of spores 
 
 X 306. 2. Ascus cap showing manner of opening X 306. 3. A mature spore. 
 
 4. Other forms of spores. 5. Germinating spores after 24 hours in water 
 
 X 306. 6. Germinating spores X 306. The two on the left were in water one day 
 
 the one on the right, two days. 
 
 7-9. Pleurage longicaudata. 7. Perithecium. 8. Tip of a young ascus. 9. 
 Expanded ascus X 79. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE XI 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 129 
 
130 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-3. Pleurage longicaudata. 1. Ascus contracted X 306. 2. Upper portion of an 
 ascus expanded. 3. Spores. 
 
 4-9. Pleurage multicaudata. 4. Perithecium. 5. Outer portion of hair-bundle. 
 6. Mature ascus. 7. Old spore in section. 8, 9. Mature spores. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE XII 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 131 
 
132 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-4. Pleurage dakotensis. 1. Perithecium. 2. Agglutinate hairs. 3. Mature 
 ascus. 4. Mature spore. 
 
 5-12. Pleurage curvicolla. 5. Perithecium. 6. Apical hair. 7. Mycelium from 
 agar. 8. Young ascus with thick hyaline wall. 9. Young ascus showing a 
 few of the many spores forming. 10. A spore. 11. Germinating spores. 
 12. Conidial stage. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE XIII 
 
 6 7 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 133 
 
134 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-4. Pleurage collapsa. 1, 2. Perithecia. 3. Old mature ascus shrunken from 
 drying. 4. Old spores. 
 
 5-8. Pleurage pleiospora. 5. Perithecium. 6. Young asci in outline X 79. 7. 
 
 Types of mature spores. 8. Spore showing shriveled primary appendage. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE XIV 
 
 5 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 135 
 
136 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-7. Delitschia leporina. 1. Perithecium. 2. Paraphyses, branched and 
 unbranched forms. 3. Ascus. 4. Spore within ascus wall. 5. Mature 
 spore. 6. Immature spore showing hyaline envelope and thick wall. 7. 
 Irregular spore forms in outline. 
 
 8-14. Delitschia vulgaris. 8. Perithecium crushed. 9. Hair of beak. 10, 11. 
 Ruptured asci. 12. Mature spore. 13. Same seen endwise. 14. Old spore 
 showing germ-pores. 
 
 I 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE XV 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 S 
 
 137 
 
 5 O B 
 
138 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-5. Sporormia minima. 1. Perithecia. 2. Young ascus in outline. 3. Two 
 asci showing spore arrangement. 4. Ascus showing cap and how spores 
 escape. 5. Mature spore. 
 
 6-13. Sporormia intermedia. 6. Perithecium seen in section. 7. Another form of 
 perithecium in outline. 8. Ascus much elongated in water. 9. Mature 
 ascus. 10. Lower portion of an opened ascus with one spore. 11. Cap-like 
 lid of same ascus with two spores. 12. Mature spore with hyaline envelope 
 swollen in water. 13. Spore as seen within inner membrane of ascus. 
 
 ?, • * 
 
 • (f ■ *. A 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE XVI 
 
 139 
 
140 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-3. Sporormia leporina. 1. Ascus with spores escaping. 2. Mature ascus in 
 outline. 3. A spore. 
 
 4-7. Sporormia tuberculata. 4. Perithecium. 5. Ascus elongating in water. 6. 
 
 Diagrammatic sketch of an ascus. 7. A spore. 
 
 8-11. Sporormia fimetaria. 8. Perithecium in outline with asci projecting X 450. 
 9. Perithecium with ascus projecting X 450. 10. Young asci in outline. 11. 
 
 Mature ascus. 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY—BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE XVII 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 141 
 
142 
 
 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII. 
 
 Note: Where no magnifications are given an enlargement of 79 diameters for perithecia, and 450 diame¬ 
 ters for hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores is to be understood. The illustrations were drawn from a 
 magnification double that given here and reduced one-half in the process of reproduction. 
 
 1-9. Sporormia herculea. 1. Perithecium. 2. Upper portion of a paraphysis. 3. 
 Young ascus showing thick hyaline wall. 4. Ascus in outline showing spore 
 arrangement X 306. 5. Tip of ascus. 6. Young spores. 7. Mature spore. 
 8. Other spores in outline. 9. Peculiar apical spore of ascus. 
 
 / 
 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN 12 
 
 PLATE XVIII 
 
 Robt. Stratton 
 
 143 
 
INDEX 
 
 (The technical descriptions of the genera and species are indicated by bold-face 
 numbers. Synonyms are in italics.) 
 
 Agaricaceae. 77 
 
 Algae. 77 
 
 Ascotricha . 79 
 
 Cercophora . 90 
 
 conica . 90 
 
 Chaetomiaceae. 79 
 
 Chaetomium. 79 
 
 bartholomaei . 83 
 
 bostrychodes . 81 
 
 elatum .. 82 
 
 funicola . 83 
 
 glabrescens . 82 
 
 globosum . . 79 
 
 murorum. 80 
 
 olivaceum. 80 
 
 pannosum . 82 
 
 setosum . 83 
 
 spirochaete. 81 
 
 Delitschia. 99 
 
 didvma. 99 
 
 leporina . 99 
 
 vulgaris. 99 
 
 Distribution. 76 
 
 Fimetaria . 84 
 
 bombardioides.. 77 
 
 discospora . 87 
 
 fimicola. 86 
 
 humana . 85 
 
 minima . .. . 85 
 
 pilosa. 87 
 
 tetraspora. ..... 84 
 
 Fimetariaceae. 83 
 
 Fimetariales. 79 
 
 Hypocopra . 85 
 
 discospora . 87 
 
 humana . 85 
 
 minima . 85 
 
 Introduction. 75 
 
 Malinvernia . 90 
 
 anserina . 90 
 
 Methods . 77 
 
 Molds. 77 
 
 Philocopra . 93 
 
 collapsa . 97 
 
 curvicolla . 97 
 
 dakotensis . 96 
 
 multifera . 100 
 
 pleiospora . 98 
 
 zygospora ...*■*.« .*•«>-».... 93 
 
 l r n ’■* 
 
 Lii» ! ill 
 
 APR 2 4 1930 
 
 Pleurage. 88 
 
 amphicornis. 91 
 
 anserina. 90 
 
 collapsa. 97 
 
 conica......... 90 
 
 curvicolla. 97 
 
 dakotensis . 96 
 
 hyalopilosa . 92 
 
 immersa. 92 
 
 longicaudata. 95 
 
 multicaudata. 95 
 
 pleiospora. 98 
 
 taenioides. 89 
 
 vestita. 94 
 
 zygospora. 93 
 
 Podospora . 94 
 
 vestita . 94 
 
 Schizotheca . 88 
 
 Schizothecium . 88 
 
 fimicola ..•. 88 
 
 Sordaria . 84 
 
 curvicolla . 97 
 
 curvula . 90 
 
 discospora . 87 
 
 fimicola . 86 
 
 longicaudata . 95 
 
 minima . 85 
 
 multicaudata . 95 
 
 pleiospora . 98 
 
 taenioides . 89 
 
 vestita . 94 
 
 zygospora . 93 
 
 Sphaeria . 86 
 
 amphicornis . 91 
 
 anserina . 90 
 
 eximia . 91 
 
 fimetaria . 103 
 
 fimicola . 86 
 
 humana .. 85 
 
 multifera . 100 
 
 Sporormia. 100 
 
 fimetaria.103 
 
 herculea. 104 
 
 intermedia. 101 
 
 leporina. 102 
 
 minima. 100 
 
 tuberculata. 103 
 
 UNIVF 
 
 rai- 
 
 0 *. 1 
 
 V 
 
 i 
 
 CF ILL f 
 
 144 
 
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