973-7L63 
 Bv46L 
 
 Vaughn, Olive 
 
 The Life of Abraham Lincoln as Told in Pict- 
 ures. 
 
LINCOLN ROOM 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 LIBRARY 
 
 
 MEMORIAL 
 
 the Class of 1901 
 
 founded by 
 
 HARLAN HOYT HORNER 
 
 and 
 
 HENRIETTA CALHOUN HORNER 
 
lWtV£fiSfF¥-6f I 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF ILLINOIS 
 LIBRARY 
 
Digitized by the. Internet Archive 
 
 in 2012 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://archive.org/details/lifeofabrahamlinOOvaug 
 
SIONITH JO AllSHJAINfl 
 3N1 JO 
 
 Auvaan 
 
The Man of the Ages 
 
THE LIFE OF 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 
 
 As Told 
 
 m~ 
 
 Pictures 
 
 BY 
 
 OLIVE VAUGHN 
 
 THE STATLER PRESS 
 
 JOHNSTOWN, PA. 
 
THE STATLER PRESS 
 COPYRIGHT, 1925. 
 
BvH(*X 
 
 LINCOLNS MOVE TO HODGENSVILLE 
 
 Abraham Lincoln's Mother — Abe Rescued from Drowning 
 
 THOMAS LINCOLN either failed to earn sufficient money to meet 
 his household expenses or grew tired of his carpenter work, for 
 two years later, he left Elizabethtown, and moved his family to his 
 farm near Hodgensville, on the Big South Fork of Nolen Creek. It 
 was a miserable place, of thin, unproductive soil and only partly 
 cleared. The cabin was of the rudest sort, with a single room, a single 
 
 window, a big fire place 
 and a huge outside chim- 
 ney. In this cabin, Abra- 
 ham Lincoln was born on 
 February 12, 1809, and 
 here he spent the first 
 four years of his child- 
 hood. A third child, 
 Thomas, was born here 
 also, but died when three 
 days old. 
 
 At the time of her 
 marriage to Thomas 
 Lincoln, Nancy Hanks 
 was in her twenty-third 
 year. She was a sweet- 
 tempered and handsome 
 woman, of intellect, appearance, and character superior to her position. 
 She could read and write, — an accomplishment very rare among the 
 women of that day. She taught her husband to write his name. Mrs. 
 Lincoln took great pains to teach her children what she knew, and at 
 her knee, they heard all the Bible lore, fairy tales, and country legends 
 that she had been able to gather in her short life. 
 
 One Sunday a neighbor visited the Lincolns, bringing along her 
 young boy. Abe Lincoln and the young visitor concluded to hunt for 
 
 some partridges which Abe had 
 seen the day before. While 
 crossing a creek on a narrow 
 foot-log, Abe fell in. Neither of 
 them could swim. The companion 
 got a stick, held it out, and Abe 
 grabbed it, and was pulled ashore. 
 That their parents might not 
 know of their adventure, the boys, 
 before returning .home, dried 
 their clohting by spreading it on 
 the rocks about them. It was 
 .Time and the sun was very warm. 
 
 Listening to Mother's Stories 
 
 Abe Rescued from Drowning 
 
LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Life in Hodgensville — Little Abe Meets the Soldier 
 
 OCCASIONALLY a preacher came to the meeting-house at Little 
 Mound, near Hodgensville, to hold services on Sunday. The build- 
 ing was a log structure, without a floor or glass for windows, and logs 
 split in halves were used for seats. It was built by public-spirited resi- 
 dents of Hodgensville. To this meeting-house, located three miles 
 from the Lincoln home, settlers came far and near, on foot and on 
 horseback. People came here not 
 only for religious services, but also 
 to get the news of what was going 
 on in the community and the world 
 outside of Nolin's Creek. Abraham 
 Lincoln, with his parents, regularly 
 attended these meetings, and, after 
 reaching home, he usually mounted 
 a stool and preached a sermon of 
 his own, attempting to imitate the 
 minister. He especially liked the The Meeting-House 
 
 Rev. David Elkin, and the two became fast friends. Lincoln's first 
 teacher was Zachariah Riney, a Roman Catholic priest, who travelled 
 through the settlements teaching a few weeks at a place. The meet- 
 ing-house served also for a school house. The only book used was a 
 spelling book. 
 
 As soon as Abe was strong enough to follow his father in the 
 
 fields, he was put to work at 
 simple tasks; — bringing tools, car- 
 rying water, picking berries, 
 dropping seeds. However, very 
 little is known of Lincoln's child- 
 hood, except that it was of con- 
 tinual privation, for Thomas 
 Lincoln evidently found it diffi- 
 cult to supply his family with 
 food and clothing. Lincoln sel- 
 dom talked of those days even to 
 his most intimate friends. Once, 
 when asked what he remembered 
 about the war of 1812, he replied: 
 "Nothing but this. I had 
 been fishing one day and I caught 
 a little fish which I was taking 
 home. I met a soldier on the road, 
 and, having been told at home 
 that we must be good to the sol- 
 diers, I gave him my fish." 
 
 Abe and the Soldier 
 
THE LINCOLNS MOVE TO INDIANA 
 
 The Pioneers Blaze Their Way Through the Wilderness 
 
 WHEN Abraham Lincoln was about seven years old, his father 
 became restless and went across the river into Indiana to look 
 for a new home. It is said that the motive of his removal was his 
 difficulty in securing a valid title to his land in Kentucky. He found a 
 purchaser for his farm who gave him in payment twenty dollars in 
 money and ten barrels of whiskey, which Thomas Lincoln loaded upon 
 a flat-boat, with his household furniture, floating it down Knob Creek 
 to the Ohio River. The boat was built in a very crude manner by Lin- 
 coln himself, and upset on the way down the Ohio, and part of the 
 whiskey and some of his carpenter tools were lost. He fished up a 
 few of the tools and most of the whiskey, and, righting the little boat, 
 again floated down to a landing at Thompson's Ferry, two and a 
 half miles west of Troy, in Perry County, Indiana. He plunged 
 into the forest, found a location that suited him sixteen miles from 
 the river, called Pigeon Creek, where he left his property with a set- 
 tler. He sold his boat, and walked back to Hodgensville to get his wife 
 and two children. He secured a wagon and two horses, in which he car- 
 ried his family and whatever household effects were then remaining. 
 
 the Lincolns had to make their way 
 wilderness. There was no road, and for 
 a foot-trail. They suffered long delays, 
 wagon with the axe. They were slightly 
 nights, and cooked their 
 own food. At length, after 
 many detentions and diffi- 
 culties, the settlers reached 
 the ' point where Thomas 
 
 To reach the new home, 
 through an almost untrodden 
 part of the distance not even 
 and cut out a passage for the 
 assisted by a path of a 
 few miles in length 
 which had been 
 "blazed out" by an 
 earlier settler. They 
 camped out during the 
 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 in- 
 
 
 tended 
 
 to 
 
 N 
 
 make his 
 
 fu- 
 
 1% 
 
 ture home. 
 
 
 Camping for the Nipht on the Journey 
 
10 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 The Lincoln Home in Indiana 
 
 Second Home in Indiana 
 
 HOMAS LIN- 
 COLN'S loca- 
 tion in Indiana was 
 a piece of timber 
 land a mile and a 
 half east of what is 
 now Gentryville, 
 Spencer County. 
 Upon arriving there, 
 Lincoln built a log 
 cabin fourteen feet square, open to 
 the weather on one side, and without 
 windows or chimney. This was 
 Abraham Lincoln's third home, and' 
 the family lived in that rude, primi- 
 tive way for more than a year, man- 
 aging to raise a patch of corn and a 
 
 few vegetables during the following 
 summer, which, with corn meal ground at 
 a hand grist-mill seven miles away, were 
 their chief food. 
 
 The cabin which took the place of this 
 "half-face camp" had but one room, with 
 a loft above. For a long time there were 
 no windows, doors or floor. The furniture 
 was of their own manufacture. The table 
 and chairs were of the rudest sort — rough 
 slabs of wood in which holes were bored 
 and legs fitted in. Their bedstead was 
 made of poles held up by two outer posts, 
 and the ends made firm by inserting the 
 poles in auger holes which had been bored 
 in a log which was part of the wall of the 
 cabin; skins were its chief covering. Lit- 
 tle Abraham slept on a heap of dry leaves 
 in the corner of the loft, to which he 
 mounted by pegs driven into the wall. The 
 Lincolns made their own coap and candles, 
 and if they had cotton or wool to wear 
 they had literally to grow it. Young 
 Abraham wore little cotton or linsey- 
 woolsey. His trousers were of roughly 
 tanned deer-skin, his feet-covering a home- 
 made moccasin, and his cap a coon-skin. Abe Going to Bed 
 
A STEPMOTHER COMES TO THE LINCOLN HOME 
 
 11 
 
 Abe and His Sister 
 
 Death of Lincoln's Sister — His School Masters 
 
 THE death of Mrs. 
 Lincoln left the child 
 Sarah, then only eleven 
 years old, to care for the 
 household. Sarah, or 
 Nancy, as she was some- 
 times called, was warmly 
 attached to her brother. 
 It is said that her face 
 somewhat resembled his. 
 She was a modest, plain, 
 industrious girl. Like 
 Abe, she occasionally 
 worked out at the homes 
 of the neighbors. She 
 was married to Aaron 
 Grisby at eighteen, and 
 died a year after. She 
 lies buried in the yard of 
 the old Pigeon Creek 
 Meeting-house. 
 
 About a year after Mrs. Lincoln's death, Thomas Lincoln returned 
 to Hodgensville, and married Sally Bush Johnson, a widow with three 
 children, whom he had courted before he had married Nancy Hanks. She 
 brought with her a wagon of housekeeping things, tables, chairs, knives 
 and forks, bedding, clothing and linen — things that were unfamiliar to 
 Abraham and his sister. The new Mrs. Lincoln took up the duties and 
 labors of the day with a cheerful readiness that was long and gratefully 
 remembered by her step-son. 
 
 Hugh Dorsey was Lincoln's first teacher in Indiana. It was cus- 
 tomary in those days for the 
 school master to travel from place 
 to place, teaching only a few 
 weeks at each settlement. Here 
 he held forth a mile and a half 
 from the Lincoln farm. The 
 school house was built of round 
 logs, and was just high enough 
 for a man to stand erect under 
 the loft. The next teacher was 
 Andrew Crawford, who had 
 moved into that region. He 
 taught in the same school-house, 
 in which Dorsey labored. 
 
 The Traveling 
 School Master 
 
12 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Grave of Nancy Hanks 
 
 The Death of Lincoln's Mother 
 
 THE loss of his mother in 1818, when 
 he was nine years old, was the first 
 great grief of Abraham Lincoln. She be- 
 came a victim of that dread disease com- 
 mon in the West in early days, and known 
 then as "the milk-sickness." She was ill 
 only seven days. As the end approached, 
 she called her children to her side, and 
 placing her feeble hand on little Abe's 
 head, she told him to be good and kind to 
 his father and sister; to both she said, "Be 
 good to one another," expressing hope 
 that they might live, as they had been 
 taught by her, to love their kindred and worship God. 
 
 In those days, the funeral sermon was preached any time within 
 the year following the death of the person. After his mother was 
 buried in the woods near Gentryville, Lincoln labored over his first let- 
 ter which was to a Kentucky Baptist preacher who had stayed with the 
 Lincolns in their Kentucky home. It was a great favor to ask the 
 good man to journey to Indiana and preach a sermon over the grave 
 of Nancy Hanks Lincoln, for it would take him more than one hundred 
 miles from his work. However, during the following summer, the 
 
 preacher came on 
 his errand of kind- 
 ness. Men, women 
 and children, from 
 far and near, 
 gathered to hear 
 the funeral ser- 
 mon. Abraham 
 listened to the 
 Treacher telling of 
 the virtues and 
 the patiently-born 
 sufferings of the 
 departed mother, 
 and that scene 
 was never forgot- 
 ten. In later years, 
 Lincoln said, "I 
 owe all that I am 
 or hope to be to 
 my sainted 
 
 The Belated Funeral Sermon mother." 
 
LIFE AT CENTRYVILLE 
 
 IS 
 
 Always a Welcome Visitor 
 
 Abraham a Good Worker and Popular 
 
 LINCOLN was always welcomed 
 at the homes of his neighbors. 
 One of these said of him: "Abe 
 would come out to our house, 
 drink milk, eat mush, corn bread 
 and butter, bring the children 
 candy, and rock the cradle while 
 I got him something to eat. I 
 mended his pants, and made his 
 shirts. He would tell stories, juke 
 people, girls and boys, at 
 parties." 
 
 As Lincoln grew older, be be- 
 came one of the most popular 
 "hands" in the vicinity of Gentry- 
 ville, and most of his time was 
 spent as a hired boy on some 
 neighbor's farm. For twenty-five cents a day — paid to his father — he 
 was hostler, ploughman, wood chopper, and carpenter, besides helping 
 the women with the "chores." For them he was ready to carry water, 
 make the fire, even tend the baby. It is said that he could strike with 
 the maul heavier blows than anybody else in the community. 
 
 Abraham liked to go to the mill best. The machinery was primi- 
 tive, and each man waited his turn, which sometimes was long in com- 
 ing. This waiting with other men and boys on like errands gave an 
 opportunity for talk, story telling, and games, which were Lincoln's 
 delight. Abraham was of good service to his father. He helped him 
 make the first clearing, and never allowed to drop the axe until he was 
 twenty-two years old. He drove the team, cut the elm and linn brush 
 with which the stock was fed, learned to handle the old shovel-plough, 
 to wield the sickle, to thrash the 
 wheat with a flail, to fan and clean 
 it with a sheet, to go to mill and 
 turn the hard-earned grist into 
 flour. His father also taught him 
 the rudiments of carpentry and 
 cabinet- making. 
 
 If Abraham Lincoln's life was 
 rough and hard The rude house- 
 hold was overflowing with life. 
 There were Abraham and his sis- 
 ter, a stepbrother and two step- 
 sisters, and Dennis Hanks, a cou- 
 sin Of Lincoln's mother. A Popular "Chore" Boy 
 
14 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Lincoln Works for the Crawfords. 
 
 
 AMONG those whom Lincoln 
 served in Indiana as ''hired 
 boy" was Josiah Crawford, a well- 
 to-do farmer living near Gentry- 
 ville. His sister also worked in 
 the same home. During the sum- 
 mer, Lincoln worked in the fields 
 as a farm hand, receiving twenty- 
 five cents a day, which was paid 
 to his father. One of the things 
 he was required to do while in 
 Crawford's employ was "daubing" 
 the cabin, which was built of un- 
 hewn logs with the bark on. In 
 the loft of this house, thus fin- 
 ished with his own hands, Lincoln 
 slept for many weeks at a time. 
 He spent his evenings, as he did 
 at home, writing on wooden 
 shovels and boards. This family 
 was rich in the possession of sev- 
 eral books, which Abe read 
 through time and again. 
 
 The Crawfords owned a copy of "Weems's Life of Washington," 
 a rare book in those days, and Abe borrowed it to read. Late at night, 
 before going to bed, he placed the borrowed book between two logs of 
 the walls of the cabin, and then went to bed. During the night, it 
 rained, the water dripping over the "mud daubing" on the book 
 stained the leaves and warped the binding. Lincoln returned the book 
 in fear and trembling, asking how he might hope to make restitution. 
 Crawford answered, "Being it is you, Abe, I won't be hard on you. 
 Come over and shuck corn for three days, and the book is yours." 
 Lincoln felt he was getting a wonderful present, and he became the 
 owner of the coveted volume. 
 
 Another book that fell into 
 young Lincoln's hands about this 
 time was a copy of the "Revised 
 Statutes of Indiana." This book 
 opened with the Declaration of 
 Independence, and following this 
 was the Constitution of the United 
 States. It was a remarkable 
 volume for the thoughtful lad. 
 He read the book intently. The Crawford House 
 
 Lincoln a Farm Hand 
 
LINCOLN A FERRYMAN 
 
 15 
 
 Earns His First Dollar 
 
 He Earns His First Dollar 
 
 WHEN Lincoln was sixteen he 
 operated a ferry-boat at 
 the mouth of Anderson's Creek, 
 transporting passengers across 
 the Ohio River, and it was there 
 that he earned the first money 
 that he could call his own. Two 
 men with trunks came down to 
 the shore in carriages to board a 
 steamer which had stopped some 
 distance from the shore. Look- 
 ing over the different boats, the 
 men asked, "Who owns this?" 
 Lincoln modestly replied, "I do." 
 "Will you," said one of them, 
 "Take us out to the steamer?" 
 "Certainly," said Lincoln. 
 
 The trunks were put on the boat, the passengers seated them- 
 selves on them, and Lincoln sculled them out to the steamer. 
 
 When the trunks and passengers 
 were on board, and the steamer 
 about to put on steam again, 
 Lincoln called out, "You have 
 forgotten to pay me." Each of 
 them took from his pocket a silver 
 half-dollar, and threw it on the 
 bottom of the ferryman's boat. 
 In telling the incident years after- 
 ward, Lincoln said, "I could 
 hardly believe my eyes as I picked 
 up the money. I could scarcely 
 credit that I, the poor boy, had 
 earned a dollar in less than a 
 day; that by honest work I had 
 earned a dollar. I was a more 
 hopeful and thoughtful boy from 
 that time." 
 
 While a ferryman, Lincoln 
 spent his leisure reading, com- 
 mitting to memory many pas- 
 sages from the books he had read. 
 
 Practicing Speaking 
 
16 
 
 LINCOLN MOVES TO ILLINOIS 
 
 The Lincoln Family Leave Indiana. Abe Rescues a 
 Dog on the Journey. 
 
 The Rescue I N 1830, Thomas Lincoln became 
 
 1 dissatisfied with his location in 
 Indiana, and hearing favorable 
 reports of the prairie lands 
 of Illinois, hoped for better for- 
 tunes there. He parted with his 
 farm and prepared for the jour- 
 ney to Macon County, Illinois. 
 Abe visited the neighbors and 
 bade them good-bye; but in the 
 morning selected for their de- 
 parture, when it came time to 
 start, he was missing. He was 
 found weeping at his mother's 
 grave, whither he had gone as 
 soon as it was light. The thought 
 of leaving her behind filled him 
 with unspeakable anguish. The 
 household goods were loaded, the 
 oxen yoked, the family got into 
 the covered wagon, and Lincoln took his place by the oxen to drive. 
 Among other things which the Lincolns brought with them was a 
 pet dog which trotted along after the wagon. One day the little fellow 
 fell behind and failed to catch up until they had crossed the stream. 
 Missing him, they looked back, and there on the opposite bank he stood, 
 whining and jumping about in great distress. The water was running 
 over the broken edges of the ice, and the poor animal was afraid to 
 cross. Lincoln, pulling off his shoes and socks, waded across the stream, 
 and returned with the shivering animal under his arm. He said he 
 could not endure the idea of abandoning even a dog. 
 
LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 17 
 
 Lincoln Starts Out for Himself — Makes Trip to New Orleans 
 
 First Home 
 in Illinois 
 
 )*VSn. 
 
 THE Lincoln family were two 
 weeks on the journey from 
 Indiana to their location near 
 Decatur in Illinois, selected for 
 them by John Hanks. Upon ar- 
 rival, they immediately put up a 
 cabin on the north fork of the 
 Sangamon River from logs that 
 already had been cut by John 
 Hanks. With the assistance of 
 his cousin, Abraham plowed fif- 
 teen acres and split enough rails 
 from the walnut trees to surround them with a 
 fence. This was the last work Lincoln did for 
 his father, for in the summer of that year, he 
 exercised the right of majority and started out 
 to shift for himself. When he left home he 
 went empty-handed. He was already some 
 
 months over twenty-one years of age, but he had nothing in the world, 
 not even a suit of respectable clothes. He had no trade or profession. 
 
 Shortly after leaving his father's home, Lincoln obtained employ- 
 ment with Denton Offutt, a venturesome trader, who, having heard that 
 he had already made a voyage on a flat-boat from Indiana to New 
 Orleans, hired him for a similar venture, in company with his step- 
 brother, and John Hanks, his cousin, for twelve dollars a month with 
 
 their return expenses. It took some 
 time to build the boat, and at the 
 very beginning of the voyage it stuck 
 midway across a dam at the village 
 of New Salem. The bow was high 
 in the air, the stern was low in the 
 water, and a shipwreck seemed near. 
 Lincoln, however, rescued the craft. 
 He unloaded the cargo, and bored 
 a hole in the bottom at the end ex- 
 tending over the dam; then he tilted 
 up the boat and let the water run 
 out. This being done, the boat was 
 easily shoved over the dam and re- 
 loaded. Lincoln's ingenuity in this 
 crisis gave him ouite a reputation at 
 New Salem. The trip was made 
 without further accident. He re- 
 On Way to New Orleans turned to St. Louis by steamer. 
 
18 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 Lincoln in New Orleans 
 
 I N New Orleans, for the first time, Lincoln beheld the true horrors of 
 * human slavery. He saw negroes in chains, whipped and scourged. 
 Against this inhumanity his sense of right and justice rebelled, and his 
 mind and conscience were awakened to what he had often heard and 
 read. No doubt, as one of his companions has said, ''Slavery ran the 
 iron into him then and there." One morning in their rambles over the 
 city, Lincoln and his companions passed a slave auction. A vigorous 
 and comely mulatto girl was being sold. She underwent a thorough 
 examination at the hands of her bidders; they pinched her flesh and 
 
 Lincoln at the Slave Market in New Orleans 
 
 made her trot up and down the room like a horse, to show how she 
 moved, and in order, as the auctioneer said, that bidders might satisfy 
 themselves whether the article they were offering to buy was sound or 
 not. The whole thing was so revolting that Lincoln moved away from 
 the scene with a deep feeling of disgust. Bidding his companions fol- 
 low him, he said: "Boys, let's get away from this. If I ever get a 
 chance to hit that thing (meaning slavery) I'll hit it hard." 
 
 Lincoln was taught early in life to hate slavery. Rev. Jesse Head, 
 the minister who married Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks, preached 
 against it. Lincoln's father and mother were among his most devoted 
 disciples, and when he was a mere child Abraham Lincoln inherited 
 their hatred of human servitude. 
 
LINCOLN CLERKS IN OFFUTT'S STORE 
 
 19 
 
 Clerk in Offutt's Store 
 
 Corrects Mistakes Made with Customers 
 
 AT the conclusion of his trip to 
 New Orleans, Lincoln's em- 
 ployer, Mr. Offutt, opened a store 
 at New Salem, a settlement on 
 the Sangamon River, two miles 
 from Petersburg, the County Seat. 
 He also set up a flouring mill. 
 Offutt had found Lincoln to be a 
 valuable man, and offered him em- 
 ployment as clerk in the new 
 store. Lincoln for want of other 
 immediate employment accepted 
 the offer. 
 
 On one occasion, while clerking 
 in Offutt's store, Lincoln sold a 
 woman a little bale of goods, 
 amounting in value to two dollars 
 and twenty cents. He received 
 the money and the woman went 
 away. On adding the items of the bill again to make himself sure of 
 correctness, he found that he had taken six and a quarter cents too 
 much. It was night and, closing and locking the store, he started out 
 on foot, a distance of two or three miles, for the house of his defrauded 
 customer, and delivering over to her the sum whose possession had so 
 much troubled him, went home satisfied. 
 
 At another time, just as he was closing the store for the night, a 
 woman entered and asked for a pound of tea. The tea was weighed 
 out and paid for, and the store was left for the night. The next morn- 
 ing Lincoln entered to begin the duties of the day, when he discovered 
 a four-ounce weight on the scales. 
 He saw at once that he had made 
 a mistake, and, shutting the store, 
 he took a long ride before break- 
 fast to deliver the remainder of ^4 .., 
 the tea. v/^:M 
 
 While clerking, Lincoln would 
 not allow profanity in the pres- 
 ence of ladies. One day a bully 
 entered the store using vile lan- 
 guage, and was politely asked to 
 cease swearing. He became 
 abusive. After the ladies had 
 gone, Lincoln invited the ruffian 
 
 OUtside, and gave him a beating. Brings the Tea in the Morning 
 
20 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Lincoln a Great Reader 
 
 WITH all his hard living and hard 
 work, Lincoln was getting, at 
 
 A Borrower of Books 
 
 this period, in Indiana, a desultory 
 kind of education. He says he went 
 to school "by littles." In all it did 
 not amount to more than a year. No 
 qualification was required of a 
 teacher beyond "readin', writin' " 
 and ciphering to the rule of three. 
 If a straggler supposed to know 
 Latin happened to sojourn in the 
 neighborhood, he was looked upon 
 as a "wizard." Lincoln was getting 
 his education outside of the school- 
 room. He was a great reader, and 
 learned to think of what he read. 
 His stock of books was small, but he 
 knew them thoroughly. His library 
 contained: the Bible, "Aesop's 
 Fables," "Robinson Cruso," Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress," a "History 
 of the United States," Weems's "Life of Washington," and the 
 "Statutes of Indiana." 
 
 Besides these books he borrowed many others. He once told a 
 friend that he "read through every book he had ever heard of in that 
 country, for a circuit of fifty miles. From everything he read he made 
 long extracts, with his turkey-buzzard pen and briar-root ink. When 
 he had no paper he would write on a board, and thus preserve his selec- 
 tions until he secured a copybook. The wooden fire-shovel was his 
 usual slate, and on its back he ciphered with a charred stick, shaving 
 it off when it became too grimy for use. By night he read and worked 
 as long as there was light, and when darkness 
 came, he continued his studies in the light of 
 blazing logs in the fire-place. He kept a book gpi P 
 
 in a crack of the logs in his loft, to have it on 
 hand' at the peep of day. 
 
 Every lull in his daily labor Lincoln 
 used for reading, rare- 
 ly going to work with- 
 out a book. When 
 ploughing or cultivat- 
 ing the fields, he 
 would stop at the end 
 of every long row, and 
 
 take out his book. When Darkness Came 
 
OUT-DOOR LIFE OF LINCOLN 
 
 21 
 
 A Good Sportsman — Great Feats of Strength 
 
 LINCOLN was 
 fond of out- 
 door sports, but 
 was never much 
 of a hunter. 
 Writing to a 
 friend in the 
 third person, he 
 said, "A few 
 days before the 
 completion of his eighth year, in 
 the absence of his father, a flock 
 of wild turkeys approached the 
 new log cabin; and Abraham, 
 with a rifle gun, standing inside, 
 shot through a crack and killed 
 one of them. He has never 
 
 A Country Shooting-Match 
 
 Carrying the 
 Corn-Crib Post 
 
 since pulled, a trigger on any larger game." 
 
 But there were many other country sports, which he enjoyed to 
 the full. He went swimming in the evenings, fished with the other boys 
 in Pigeon Creek; he wrestled, and jumped and ran races at the noon 
 rests. He was present at every shooting-match, country horse-race and 
 fox chase. The sports he preferred were those that brought men to- 
 gether; the spelling-school, the husking-bee, the barn "raising;" and of 
 all these he was the life by his wit, and by a rough kind of politeness. 
 
 Lincoln had become, not only 
 the longest, but the strongest, 
 man in the settlement where he 
 lived. Some of the feats almost 
 surpass belief, and those who be- 
 held them with their own eyes 
 stood literally amazed. His neigh- 
 bors declared that he could carry 
 a load to which the strength of 
 three ordinary men would scarcely 
 be equal. One day he picked up 
 a chicken house, that weighed at 
 least six hundred pounds. At 
 another time when a corn-crib 
 was being built, Abraham saw 
 three or four men preparing sticks 
 upon which to carry some huge 
 posts. He relieved them all by 
 shouldering the posts. 
 
22 
 
 LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Lincoln Wrestles with Armstrong 
 
 M 
 
 R. OFFUTT, Lincoln's em- 
 ployer, declared that his 
 clerk could out-run, whip or 
 throw any man in the country. 
 These boasts came to the ears of 
 the "Clary's Grove Boys," a set 
 of rude, roystering, good-natured 
 fellows, who lived in Clary's 
 Grove, a settlement near New 
 Salem. Their leader was Jack 
 Armstrong, a great square-built 
 
 Clary's Grove Boys fellow, strong as an OX, who was 
 
 believed by his followers to be able to whip any man on the Sangamon 
 River. The issue was thus made between Lincoln and Armstrong as to 
 which was the better man, and although Lincoln tried to avoid such 
 contests, nothing but an actual trial of strength would satisfy their 
 partisans. 
 
 They met and wrestled for some time without any decided advan- 
 tage on either side. Finally Armstrong resorted to some foul play, 
 which roused Lincoln's indignation. Putting forth his whole strength, 
 he seized the great bully by the neck and holding him at arm's length 
 shook him like a boy. The Clary's Grove boys were ready to pitch in 
 on behalf of their companion; and as they were the greater part of 
 the lookers-on, a general onslaught upon Lincoln seemed imminent. 
 Lincoln backed up against Offutt's store and calmly waited the attack; 
 but his coolness and courage made such an impression upon Armstrong 
 that he stepped forward, grasped Lincoln's hand and shook it heartily, 
 saying, "Boys, Abe Lincoln 
 is the best felow that ever 
 broke into this settlement. 
 He shall be one of us." 
 From that day forth Arm- 
 strong was one of Lincoln's 
 warmest friends. 
 His hand, his 
 table, his nurse, 
 his vote, and that 
 of the Clary's 
 Grove boys as 
 well, belonged 
 to Lincoln. 
 Years later, Lin- 
 coln d e f e n d ed 
 Armstrong in a 
 murder trial. Lincoln Calmly Waited the Attack 
 
LINCOLN ENTERS POLITICS 
 Becomes a Candidate for the Legislature 
 
 23 
 
 The Capito! at Vandalia 
 
 WHEN Abraham Lincoln was 
 twenty-two years old, and 
 a clerk in Denton Offutt's store, 
 he offered himself to the voters of 
 New Salem and vicinity as a can- 
 didate for the Illinois Legislature. 
 In those days nominations for of- 
 fice were made by announcement, 
 and not by conventions, or pri- 
 maries, and, according to custom, 
 Lincoln issued a circular or hand- 
 bill, setting forth his sentiments: 
 
 "Every man is said to have his 
 particular ambition. Whether it be true or not, I can say, for one, that 
 I have no other so great as that of being highly esteemed by my fellow- 
 men by rendering myself worthy of their esteem. How far I shall suc- 
 ceed in gratifying this ambition is yet to be developed. I am young, 
 and unknown to many of you. I was born, and have ever remained, in 
 the most humble walks of life. I have no wealthy or popular relatives 
 or friends to recommend me. My case is thrown exclusively upon the 
 independent voters of the country, and if elected they will have con- 
 ferred a favor upon me, for which I shall be unremitting in my labors 
 to compensate. But if the good people in their wisdom shall see fit to 
 keep me in the back-ground, I have been too familiar with disappoint- 
 ments to be very much chagrined." 
 
 Just a month after this announcement was made, Lincoln went off 
 to the Black Hawk War, and did not return until a few days before 
 
 the election, so that he did not 
 have time to make an extensive 
 canvass. He was not elected. 
 Two years later, he again became 
 a candidate, and was elected, hav- 
 ing polled the highest vote of all 
 the candidates. 
 
 The session of the Assembly be- 
 gan December 1, 1834, and Lin- 
 coln went to the Capital, then 
 Vandalia, seventy-five miles south- 
 east of New Salem, in time for 
 the opening. At this session of 
 the Legislature, Lincoln showed 
 no particular talent and took a 
 modest position in the back- 
 ground. 
 
 Lincoln Begins the Study of Law 
 
24 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Lincoln and the Black Hawk War 
 
 LACK HAWK, with a hostile band of Sac 
 and Fox Indians, threatened to invade 
 Illinois from the North. The Governor of 
 that state called for soldiers. Abraham 
 Lincoln enlisted. The young man along with 
 Sangamon volunteered in sufficient numbers 
 to form a company. They elected 
 him captain. 
 
 Into the camp of the company, 
 there wandered one day o poor, 
 miserable, old Indian, destitute and 
 feeble, bringing a letter written by 
 General Lewis Cass, who stated 
 protection. In spite of the letter, 
 that the bearer was entitled to 
 the soldiers cried out, ''He's a spy. 
 Hang him." Just as they were 
 about to hustle him away, Lincoln 
 appeared at the entrance of his 
 tent. "Fall back," he cried. He 
 ordered the Indian to be set free; 
 but at this, the men openly rebelled. 
 Lincoln flung himself before the 
 Indian, and offered to fight his un- 
 ruly soldiers one at a time; but at 
 the sight of him, with his sleeves rolled up, quietly waiting, the men 
 drew back. 
 
 The time expired for which the volunteers from Sangamon had 
 enlisted. They had not fought a battle, but were weary of military 
 life. All the company, with the exception of Captain Lincoln and one 
 private, returned to Sangamon. These enlisted as privates in a com- 
 pany of cavalry. However, before they reached the battle-front, the 
 Indians were defeated, and Black Hawk was taken prisoner. Lincoln 
 was mustered out at Whitewater, Wisconsin. With his fellow soldier, 
 
 he made his way to Illinois River at 
 Peoria, where they obtained a canoe 
 and paddled to Havana, and from 
 that town, walked to New Salem. 
 The volunteers in returning suffered 
 much from hunger. They had noth- 
 ing to eat on the journey except meal 
 and water baked in rolls of bark laid 
 by the fire. Their horses were stolen 
 Returning from Black Hawk War the night before the home march. 
 
 Lincoln ' Defends the Indian 
 
LINCOLN BECOMES STOREKEEPER 
 
 25 
 
 Lincoln & Berry Store Fails — Becomes Postmaster 
 
 A FTER Lincoln's defeat for the 
 *■• Legislature, he sought em- 
 ployment in the stores at New 
 Salem. Failing in this effort, he 
 resolved to buy a store. One of 
 the partners in Herndon Brothers 
 had sold his half interest in" the 
 firm to William F. Berry. The 
 remaining partner did not get 
 along well with Berry, and he was 
 only too glad to sell his interest 
 to Lincoln. Berry was as poor as 
 Lincoln, and they both gave their 
 notes to Herndon for his stock of 
 goods. The new firm also bought 
 two other stores in the village, 
 giving their notes in payment. 
 Lincoln left the management 
 largely to his partner, and gave 
 his time to the study of law. 
 Berry did not prove a very good 
 manager, and most of his time was 
 
 lingering incumbrance, but it was all paid thlS 
 
 Sale^^ut^sT^JT^ WaS ™ ted Piaster at New 
 mail ^HtL" the P° slt T ,on wer e light, there being only a weekly 
 
 ££ 2ta teeeT r T a a d U ev H e e ry aCCePted ^ ^"^ b <~ " 
 newspaper that was taken in the 
 vicinity. He had never been able 
 to get all hte newspapers he 
 wanted. A large number of the 
 patrons of the office lived in the 
 country— many of them miles 
 away— and generally Lincoln de- 
 livered their letters at their doors. 
 These letters he would carefully 
 place in the crown of his hat, and 
 distribute them from house to 
 
 house 
 
 Lincoln & Berry Store 
 
 Lincoln as Postmaster 
 
26 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Studying Law 
 
 The Death of Ann Rutledge 
 
 AMONG Lincoln's acquaintances 
 at New Salem was Ann Rut- 
 ledge, a very beautiful and at- 
 tractive girl. Her father was one 
 of the founders of the village and 
 kept the tavern at which Lincoln 
 was a regular border. Before 
 Lincoln met the daughter she had 
 become engaged to one of the 
 wealthiest and most prosperous of 
 the young men in that part of Illi- 
 nois. After the announcement of 
 the engagement, her fiancee went 
 East to arrange certain business 
 matters before settling down 
 permanently in Illinois. At first 
 he wrote frequently to his sweet- 
 heart, then the letters came at 
 long intervals, and finally they ceased coming. 
 
 The poor girl's sorrow awakened a sympathy in Lincoln's heart, 
 which soon ripened into love. He saw her constantly at her father's 
 tavern, sat by her side at breakfast, dinner and supper, and usually 
 spent his evenings with her upon the tavern steps or wandering in the 
 lanes of the neighborhood. After a long time, she became convinced 
 that her former lover was either dead or had deserted her, and yielded 
 to Lincoln's appeal and promised to become his wife. It was agreed 
 that in the spring when Lincoln was admitted to the bar they would be 
 married; but in the meantime, the girl fell ill and died. The neighbors 
 said she died of a broken heart. Lincoln's sorrow was 
 so intense that his friends feared suicide. He never 
 fully recovered from his grief, and even after he had 
 been elected President, he told a friend, "I really loved 
 that girl and often think of her now, and I have loved 
 the name of Rutledge to this day." 
 
 About a year after the 
 death of Ann Rutledge, 
 Lincoln became involved in 
 a ludicrous affair with Miss 
 Mary Owens. In jest, Lin- 
 coln said to her sister that if 
 Miss Owens came to Spring- 
 field he would marry her. 
 She accepted the offer, but 
 subsequently declined. The Grave of Ann Rutledge 
 
LINCOLN THE LAWYER 
 
 27 
 
 How Lincoln Became a Lawyer 
 
 LINCOLN attended court at Booneville to witness a murder trial, at 
 which one of the Breckenridges from Kentucky made a very elo- 
 quent speech for the defense. The boy was carried away with admira- 
 tion, and was so enthusiastic that, although a perfect stranger, he could 
 not resist expressing his admiration to Breckenridge. Lincoln there 
 resolved to be a lawyer. He went home, dreamed of courts, and got 
 up mock trials, at which he would defend imaginary prisoners. 
 
 Lincoln's ambition to be a lawyer was stimulated by a curious in- 
 cident that occured soon after he went into partnership with Berry. 
 He related it himself in these words: 
 
 "One day a man who was migrating to the West drove up in front 
 of my store with a wagon which contained his family and household 
 plunder. He asked me if I would buy an old barrel for which he had 
 no room in his 
 wagon. I did not 
 want it, but to 
 oblige him I 
 bought it, and 
 paid him, I think, 
 half a dollar for 
 it. Without fur- 
 ther examination 
 I put it away in 
 the store and 
 forgot all about 
 it. Some time 
 after, in over- 
 hauling things, I 
 came upon the 
 barrel, and 
 emptying it on 
 the floor to see 
 what it con- 
 tained, I found at the bottom of the rubbish a complete edition of 
 Blackstone's 'Commentaries.' I began to read those famous works, and 
 I had plenty of time ; for during the long summer days, when the farm- 
 ers were busy with their crops, my customers were few and far between. 
 The more I read the more intensely interested I became. Never in my 
 whole life was my mind so thoroughly absorbed. * I read until I de- 
 coured them." 
 
 During Lincoln's canvass for the Legislature, one of his fellow 
 candidates, Major John T. Stuart, in a private conversation, encour- 
 aged him to study law. After the election, Lincoln borrowed books of 
 Stuart, took them home with him and went at it in good earnest. 
 
 Lincoln the Lawyer 
 
28 
 
 THE LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Lincoln Moves to Springfield 
 
 LINCOLN never studied with any lawyer. As he tramped back and 
 forth from New Salem to Springfield, twenty miles away, to get 
 his law books, he sometimes read forty pages or more on the way. The 
 subject never seemed to be out of his mind. It was the great absorbing 
 interest of his life. 
 
 The great service Lincoln had rendered the town of Springfield, 
 in carrying through the law for removing the capital to that place, was 
 greatly appreciated, and his many friends urged him to come there to 
 live and practice law. He accepted the offer of his old friend, Major 
 Stuart, a lawyer of established position, to form a partnership. In 
 April, 1837, Lincoln moved to Springfield. He had been admitted to 
 the bar the year before. A partnership was formed under the name 
 of Stuart & Lincoln, which continued for four years. At the expira- 
 tion of this period, 
 Lincoln became the 
 partner of Stephen 
 T. Logan, one of 
 the ablest lawyers 
 of his day. 
 
 It is said that 
 Lincoln would not 
 take a case that 
 was not morally, as 
 well as legally 
 sound. Upon one 
 occasion a man 
 came to Lincoln for 
 his services. After 
 listening to the 
 
 ■ > • D « ., * ,, ,, * , ., <- facts presented, 
 
 Lincoln Refused lo Undertake Many Cases « T . , v j 
 
 Lincoln replied : 
 
 "Yes, I can doubtless obtain your case for you. I can set the whole 
 neighborhood at loggerheads. I can distress a widowed mother and 
 her six fatherless children, and thereby get you six hundred dollars, to 
 which you seem to have a legal claim, but which rightfully, as it ap- 
 pears to me, belongs quite as much to the woman and her children as 
 to you. You must remember that some things are legally right which 
 are not morally right. I will not undertake your case, but will give 
 you a little advice, fcr which I shall charge nothing. You seem to be 
 an energetic man, and I advise you to make six hundred dollars some 
 other way." After the partnership with Logan was dissolved, the firm 
 of Lincoln & Herndon was formed, which continued to the time . of 
 Lincoln's death. 
 
LINCOLN THE LAWYER 
 
 29 
 
 Riding the Circuit 
 
 THE judicial districts of 
 Illinois comprised sev- 
 eral counties, in which the 
 judge for the district held 
 court, going from county to 
 county; he was called "Cir- 
 cuit Judge." The leading 
 lawyers in the district 
 usually accompanied him to 
 the different county seats — 
 all on horseback. It was 
 called "riding the circuit." | 
 The judge might be very 
 grave and dignified when 
 presiding in the court-room, 
 but when mounted on his 
 
 Arriving at a Court-House on the Circuit 
 
 horse, with his law books and an extra shirt in his saddle-bags, riding 
 across the prairie, accompanied by a dozen or more jolly lawyers, his 
 laugh was as loud as theirs. In the evenings judge and lawyers alike 
 gathered in the lobby of the tavern, and there was always on hand an 
 admiring aud.ence to listen to their stories. The coming of the Court 
 was looked forward to by the people of the county as one of the most 
 important events of the year. 
 
 One day when Lincoln was traveling on the circuit, he came across 
 a pig which was stuck fast in the mud and squealing as loud as possible. 
 Lincoln stopped as if to rescue the unfortunate pig, but was ridiculed 
 by the other lawyers who were accompanying him. He then rode on 
 with the others, but all the while the memory of that squealing pig 
 kept ringing in his ears. After going quite a long distance, he turned 
 
 and rode back alone to see if he 
 
 Rescues a Pig 
 
 could g?t the pig out. By using 
 some rails from a fence nearby, 
 after much effort, Lincoln pulled 
 out the squealing animal and 
 placed it on dry sand. The 
 rescuer looked at his soiled clothes 
 with a satisfied smile, as if to say, 
 "A litfe washing and brushing 
 will msk^ them clean again." 
 will make them clean again." On 
 another occasion, while riding the 
 Circuit, Lincoln again showed his 
 kindness to animals by restoring 
 young birds to their mother. 
 
30 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 A Popular Story-teller 
 
 LINCOLN'S talents as a story-teller made him a popular member of 
 this group of lawyers who travelled the circuit, and who enter- 
 tained themselves in the tavern or court-yard while not engaged in 
 court. Judge Davis presided 'over the Eighth Circuit for marty years 
 while Lincoln was in practice, and was one of his most ardent admirers 
 and devoted friends. It is said that he would not sit down at a table 
 for dinner or supper until Lincoln was present. 
 
 One day, during the trial of a cause, when Lincoln was the center 
 of a group in a distant corner of the court-room, exchanging whis- 
 pered stories, Judge Davis rapped on the bench, and calling him by 
 name, exclaimed, — "Mr. Lincoln, this must stop! There is no use in 
 trying to carry on two courts; one of them will have to adjourn, and I 
 think yours will have to be the one;" and as soon as the group scat- 
 tered, Judge Davis called one of the group to the bench and asked him 
 to repeat the stories Lincoln had been telling. 
 
LIFE IN SPRINGFIELD 
 
 31 
 
 Globe Tavern, Springfield 
 
 soon developed between them. 
 
 Lincoln Marries Miss Todd — The Death of Lincoln's Father 
 
 MiSS MARY TODD, of Ken- 
 tucky, came to Springfield to 
 Visit her sister, the wue 01 iNinian 
 W. Edwards, one of Lincoln's col- 
 leagues in the Legislature. She 
 received much attention irom the 
 young men of Springfield, but it 
 was soon apparent that she pre- 
 ferred Lincoln, and against the 
 protests of Mr. and Mrs. Edwards, 
 who were familiar with his hope- 
 
 kless financial situation, they became 
 engaged. However, differences 
 Their tastes were entirely different, 
 and Lincoln became so convinced that they were unsuited to each 
 other, that he asked to be released from the engagement. The young 
 woman consented with tears of anger and grief, and Lincoln, having 
 discovered, when it was too late, the depth of her love for him, accused 
 himself of a breach of honor so bitterly that it preyed upon his mind. 
 A year later, the misunderstandings having been removed by a peculiar 
 incident, the two were married November 4, 1842, at the residence of 
 Mr. Edwards, and there was sunshine again in Lincoln's life. He took 
 his bride to board at the Globe Tavern, where the charges were four 
 dollars for both. 
 
 Thomas Lincoln did not remain long at his home on the fork of 
 the Sangamon River. He removed three times after he came to Illinois 
 in search of better luck, and never found it. He owned three farms, 
 but never paid for any of them, and was always getting poorer and 
 signing larger mortgages. Finally, when he had reached the end of his 
 credit, Lincoln bought him a tract of forty acres, near Farmington, 
 Coles County, where he lived long enough to see his son one of the 
 foremost men of the State. He was buried near the little hamlet. His 
 wife survived both him and her famous step-son, and was tenderly 
 cared for as long as the latter 
 lived. She died in April, 1869. 
 Regarding his father who was then 
 ill, Lincoln wrote to his step- 
 brother: "I sincerely hope father 
 may yet recover his health; but 
 at all events, tell him to remember 
 to call upon, and confide in, our 
 great and merciful Maker, who 
 will not turn away from him in 
 any extremity." x House in Which Thomas Lincoln Died 
 

 s • 
 
 Lincoln and Douglas Meeting at Galesburg 
 
THE LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES 
 Lincoln a Candidate for U. S. Senate 
 
 IN the fall of 1858, there was an election of the Illinois Legislature 
 to choose a successor to Senator Douglas, whose term of oince was 
 to expire the following March. The Kepublican party nominated 
 Abraham Lincoln, and the Democratic Party re-nominated Stephen A. 
 Douglas. During the campaign that followed the nominations, it was 
 decided that Lincoln should challenge Douglas to joint public debate 
 at seven designated places in the State, each speaker alternately to 
 open and close the discussion and each to speak for one and a half 
 hours at each meeting. The first debate took place at Ottawa, about 
 seventy-five miles southwest of Chicago; the second at Freeport, near 
 the Wiscounsin boundary; the third was in the extreme southern part 
 of the State, at Jonesboro; the fifth at Galesburg; the sixth at Ottawa, 
 and the last at Alton. 
 
 The scenes in the towns on the occasion of the debates were per- 
 haps never equalled at any other of the hustings of this country. No 
 distance seemed too great for the people to go; no vehicle too slow or 
 fatiguing. At Charleston there was a great delegation of men, women 
 and children present which had come in a long procession from Indiana 
 by farm wagons, on horseback and in carriages. The crowds at each 
 debate were estimated to be from eight thousand to fourteen thousand. 
 Many of those at Ottawa came the night before. When the crowd was 
 massed at the place of the debate, the scene was one of the greatest 
 hubub and confusion. On the corners of the squares, and scattered 
 around the outskirts of the crowd, were "fakirs" of every description, 
 selling pain-killers and ague cures, watermelons and lemonade; jug- 
 glers and beggars plied their trades and all the brass bands within 
 twenty-five miles tooted and pounded at patriotic airs and songs. 
 
 On arrival at the towns where the joint debates were held, Douglas 
 was always met by a brass band and a salute of thirty-two guns, and 
 was escorted to the hotel in the finest equipage to be had. Lincoln's 
 supporters took delight in showing their contempt for Douglas's ele- 
 gance by affecting a Republican simplicity, often carrying their candi- 
 date through the streets in a high and unadorned hay-rick. 
 
 The meeting at Galesburg was held on the campus of Knox Col- 
 lege. The enthusiasm was so great that a party of Lincoln's admirers 
 carried him on their shoulders from the meeting to the house where he 
 was entertained. On one occasion, Douglas closed his speech with a 
 bitter attack upon Lincoln's career. He said Lincoln had tried every- 
 thing and had failed. In renly, Lincoln admitted that he had worked 
 on a farm, on a flatboat, split rails, practised law, but "there is one 
 thing that Judge Douglas forgot to tell you, that while I was on one 
 side of the counter selling linuor, he was always on the other. But 
 I have quit the business!" The people r^nt the heavens with wild 
 shouts at this reference to Douglas's well known infirmity. 
 
34 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Lincoln Is Defeated for Senate 
 
 AT Charleston during one of the debates Lincoln assailed his oppon- 
 ent so vigorously that Douglas lost his temper. He could not keep 
 his seat. He arose and walked rapidly up and down the platform, 
 behind Lincoln, holding his watch in his hand, and obviously impatient 
 for the call of time. He became greatly agitated as Lincoln was strik- 
 ing his heaviest blows, holding the audience by his eloquence. The 
 instant the second hand of the watch reached the point at which Lin- 
 coln's time was up, 
 Douglas holding up 
 the watch, called 
 out, "Sit down, Lin- 
 coln, sit down! Your 
 time is up!" Turn- 
 ing to Douglas, Lin- 
 coln said calmly, "I 
 will. I will quit. I 
 believe my time is 
 up." "Yes," said a 
 voice from the plat- 
 form, "Douglas has 
 had enough. It is 
 time to let up on 
 him." On another 
 occasion, Douglas 
 attempted to con- 
 fuse and worry his 
 o p p o n e n t with 
 smart questions, un- 
 til Lincoln, by sharp 
 retorts, put a stop 
 to this annoyance. 
 
 When the Legis- 
 ature met after the 
 
 election, Douglas Douglas Interrupts Lincoln 
 
 was elected by a small majority. Lincoln won a victory for his party, 
 but not for himself. The Republican State ticket won, but there were 
 not sufficient Republican members of the Legislature elected to over- 
 come the Democratic majority. It was said that Lincoln was deeply 
 grieved by his defeat. When some one inquired of him how he felt 
 over the result, he answered that he felt "like a boy that stubbed his 
 toe, — it hurt too bad to laugh, and he was too big to cry." 
 
 The debate with Douglas gave Lincoln a national reputation. He 
 was unknown outside of his own state. Leading newspapers every- 
 where published accounts of the debates. 
 
AFTER THE NOMINATION 
 
 S6 
 
 Lincoln Notified — Remains in Springfield 
 
 TWO days after his nomination, 
 a committee of distinguished 
 men came to Springfield to for- 
 mally notify Lincoln of his nomi- 
 nation. In reply to the notifica- 
 tion speech, Lincoln spoke briefly, 
 and followed this a few days later 
 with a brief letter of acceptance. 
 Lincoln's nomination made very 
 little difference in his daily life. 
 He turned his law practice over 
 to his partner, William H. Hern- 
 don, employed John G. Nicolay, a 
 clerk in the office of the Secretary 
 of State, as his private secretary, 
 was given the use of the Gover- 
 
 State-House, Springfield 
 
 nor's room at the State-House for an office, and devoted his entire time 
 to the reception of visitors and correspondence concerning the cam- 
 paign. His door stood always open. There was not even an usher. 
 Everybody came and went as freely as when he was a candidate for 
 the Legislature or engaged in his practice. He was the same Abraham 
 Lincoln he had always been, except a little more serious because of in- 
 creasing responsibilities, and a little more dignified because he was 
 sensible of the honor that had been conferred upon him; but his old 
 friends detected no change in the man, and dropped in to exchange 
 gossip whenever they came to town. Distinguished visitors came from 
 a distance, — statesmen, politicians, wire-pullers, newspaper correspond- 
 ents, men with great purposes and ambitions, adventurers, and repre- 
 sentatives of all classes. He told each a story and sent him away. His 
 correspondence had increased 
 enormously and every letter re- 
 ceived a polite reply, but he main- 
 tained his policy of reticence and 
 gave no indication of his plans or 
 purposes. 
 
 When his neighbors called to con- 
 gratulate him upon his election, 
 Lincoln said, "In all our rejoicing 
 let us neither express nor cherish 
 any hard feeling toward any citizen 
 who has differed from us. Let us 
 at all times remember that all 
 American citizens are brothers of 
 a common country and should 
 dwell together in fraternal feeling. 
 
36 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Lincoln Nominated for President 
 
 THE Republican National Convention met according to appointment 
 at (jnicago, on May 16, I860. A large temporary wooden Duildmg 
 named "The Wigwam," had been erected in which to hold its sessions 
 and it is estimated that ten thousand persons were assembled in it to 
 witness the proceedings. William H. Seward of New York was recog- 
 nized as the leading candidate for President, and his name was the first 
 to be presented to the Convention; Lincoln's name the second. Those 
 delegates who desired Seward's defeat, saw in the result of the first 
 ballot (Seward 173% votes and Lincoln 102 votes) the certain triumph 
 of Lincoln, and after three ballots were taken Abraham Lincoln was 
 nominated for President and Hannibal Hamlin of Maine, for Vice- 
 President. 
 
 Mr. Lincoln said that he was "too much of a candidate to go to 
 Chicago and hardly enough of one to stay away," and remained in 
 Springfield. When the wires flashed news of his nomination on Friday 
 morning, the cry was repeated on all sides, "Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Lincoln, 
 you 
 For 
 
 are nominated." 
 a few moments, 
 Lincoln seemed simply 
 one of the proud and 
 exultant crowd. Then 
 he remembered what 
 it all meant and he 
 
 said, "My friends, I am glad to 
 receive your congratulations, 
 and as there is a little woman 
 down on Eighth Street who will 
 be glad to hear the news; excuse 
 me until I inform her." 
 
 "•**--",*..; 
 
 ■**. 
 
 fell f I J 
 
 The "Wigwam" Where Lincoln Was Nominated 
 
LINCOLN'S HOME IN SPRINGFIELD 
 
 37 
 
 His Home, His Wife, His Children 
 
 LINCOLN lived simply, comfortably, and respectably, with neither 
 expensive tastes nor habits. His wants were few and simple. He 
 occupied a small unostentatious house in Springfield, and was in the 
 habit of entertaining, in a very simple way, his friends and fellow 
 members of the bar during the terms of the court and the sessions of 
 the Legislature. Mrs. Lincoln often entertained small numbers of 
 friends at dinner and somewhat larger numbers at evening parties. In 
 his modest and simple home everything was orderly and refined, and 
 there was always a hearty welcome for every guest. Lincoln's income 
 from his profession was from two thousand to three thousand dollars 
 
 thousand dollars 
 in value. 
 
 The Lincolns 
 had four chil- 
 dren : Edward 
 Baker, born 
 March 10, 1846, 
 who died in in- 
 fancy; William 
 Wallace, born 
 D e c e m b er 21, 
 1850, died in the 
 White House 
 February 20, 
 18 6 2; Thomas, 
 familiarly known 
 as "Tad," born 
 April 4, 18 5 3, 
 died in Chicago, 
 
 a year. His prop- 
 erty consisted of 
 his house and lot 
 in Springfield, a 
 lot in the town 
 of Lincoln which 
 had been given 
 him, and one 
 hundred acres of 
 wild land in 
 Iowa, which he 
 had received for 
 his services in 
 the Black Hawk 
 War. He owned 
 a few law and 
 m i s c e 1 laneous 
 books. All his 
 property was 
 less than twelve 
 
 Lincoln's Home in Springfield 
 
 July 15, 1871; 
 
 and Robert Todd, the only survivor, born August 1, 1843. He was 
 Secretary of War in the Cabinet of Presidents Garfield and Arthur, 
 and was minister to England under President Harrison. 
 
 Mr. Lincoln was very fond of his children. He frequently took 
 his boys about with him, finding more joy in their companionship than 
 among old associates. He seldom went to his office in the morning 
 without carrying his youngest child down the street on his shoulder, 
 while the older ones clung to his hands or coat-tails. Every child in 
 Springfield knew and loved him. There was no institution in the town 
 in which he did not take an active interest. He made a daily visit to a 
 drug store on the public square which was the rendezvous of politicians 
 and lawyers, and on Sunday morning was always found in his pew in 
 the First Presbyterian Church. 
 
58 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 The Chapman House 
 
 Farewell to His Stepmother — Visits Dennis Hanks 
 
 AS the winter wore away, and the time for Lincoln's inauguration as 
 President drew near, he began making preparations for leaving 
 the familiar scenes where his life had thus far been spent. Early in 
 February he made a parting visit to his relatives in Coles County. He 
 spent a night at Charleston, where his cousin, Dennis Hanks, and Mrs. 
 Colonel Chapman, a daughter of Dennis, resided. The following morn- 
 ing he passed on to Farmington, to the home of his step-mother, who 
 
 was living with her daughter, 
 Mrs. Moore. 
 
 The meeting between Lincoln 
 and his step-mother, then an old 
 lady, was of a most affectionate 
 and tender character. She 
 
 fondled him as her own "Abe," 
 and he her as his own mother. 
 When parting, she embraced him 
 with deep emotion, and said she 
 was sure she would never behold 
 him again, for she felt that his enemies would assassinate him. He 
 replied, "No, no, Mother; they will not do that. Trust in the Lord and 
 all will be well; we will see each other again." 
 
 After this farewell, Lincoln and Colonel Chapman drove to the 
 home of John Hall, who lived on the old Lincoln farm, where Lincoln, 
 as a young man, had split the celebrated rails, and fenced in the little 
 clearing in 1830. From there, they went to the spot where Lincoln's 
 father was buried. The grave was unmarked and utterly neglected. 
 Lincoln said he wanted to have it 
 enclosed, and a suitable tombstone 
 erected, and then he gave the neces- 
 sary instructoins for that purpose. 
 Upon the return of Lincoln and 
 Colonel Chapman to Charleston, 
 they found the house crowded with 
 people wishing to see the President- 
 elect. The crowd became so great, 
 that it was decided to hold a pub- 
 lic reception at the- Town Hall. Ac- 
 quaintances and friends from the 
 surrounding country flocked in to 
 meet again their former friend. 
 These all found Lincoln the same 
 man as they had always known 
 him, — kind, thoughtful, and con- 
 siderate of all. Last Visit to Stepmother 
 
PREPARING TO LEAVE SPRINGFIELD 
 
 39 
 
 Visit* His Law Office — Lady Presents Stockings 
 
 ONE day, while a group of visi- 
 tors from a distance were 
 sitting in the Governor's room, 
 chatting with Lincoln, the door 
 opened and an old lady in a big 
 sunbonnet and the garb of a far- 
 mer's wife came in. "I wanted to 
 give you something to take to 
 Washington, Mr. Lincoln, " she 
 said, "and these are all I had. I 
 spun the yarn and knit them socks 
 myself. ,, And with an air of pride 
 she handed him a pair of blue 
 woolen stockings. Lincoln thanked 
 her for the gift, inquired after 
 the folks at home, and politely escorted her 
 to the door. Then when he returned to the 
 room, he picked up the socks, held them by 
 the toes, one in each hand, and said with a 
 
 smile, "The old lady 
 
 got my latitude and 
 
 longitude about 
 
 right, didn't she?" 
 
 Before leaving 
 Springfield, Lincoln made a final visit to his 
 law office. After recalling some incidents of 
 his early practice, he gathered up a bundle of 
 books and papers he wished to take with him, 
 vand started to go, but before leaving he made 
 the request of Mr. Herndon that 
 the sfgn-board which swung on its 
 rusty hinges at the foot on the 
 stairway should remain. "Let it 
 hang there undisturbed," he said, 
 "Give our clients to understand 
 that the election of a President 
 makes no difference in the firm. If 
 I live I'm coming back sometime, 
 and then we'll go right on practic- 
 ing law as if nothing had ever hap- 
 pened." Lincoln then took a last 
 look at the old weather-beaten sign 
 
 and passed on. 
 Last Visit to Law Office 
 
 Receives Stockings 
 
40 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Farewell to Springfield Neighbors 
 
 T HE start on the memorable journey was made shortly after eight 
 o'clock on the morning of Monday, February 11, 1861. A crowd 
 of friends and townspeople had gathered at the station to bid . their 
 distinguished townsman good-bye. Working his way through the crowd, 
 Lincoln mounted the platform of the car, and turning, stood looking 
 down into the sad, friendly up-turned faces. For a moment a strong 
 emotion shook him; then, removing his hat and lifting his hand to 
 command silence, he spoke: „ 
 
 "My friends, no one, not in my situation, can appreciate my feel- 
 ing of sadness at this parting. To this place, and the kindness of these 
 people, I owe everything. Here I have lived a quarter of a century, 
 and I have passed from a young to an old man. Here my children 
 have been born and one is buried. I now leave, not knowing when or 
 whether ever I may return, with a. task before me greater than that 
 
 which rested upon Washington. 
 Without the assistance of that 
 
 Divine Being who ever at- 
 tended him, I cannot succeed. 
 With that assistance, I cannot fail. 
 Trusting in Him who can go with me, 
 and remain with you, arid be every- 
 where for good, let us confidently hope 
 that all will yet be well. To His care 
 commending you, I bid you an affec- 
 tionate farewell." 
 
 Lincoln's words that morning made 
 a deep impression 
 upon his listeners, 
 and a sob went 
 through the crowd 
 as his broken 
 voice asked their 
 prayers. Although 
 it was raining fast 
 when Lincoln be- 
 gan to speak, 
 every hat was 
 lifted and every 
 head bent forward 
 to catch the last 
 words of their de- 
 parting friend. 
 
PRESIDENT-ELECT LEAVES SPRINGFIELD 
 
 41 
 
 The Journey to Washington 
 
 THE route chosen for the journey to Washington was a circuitous 
 one. It seems to have been Lincoln's desire to meet personally 
 the people of the great Northern States upon whose devotion he felt 
 he must depend for the success of his administration. Everywhere he 
 met the warmest and most generous greetings from the throngs as- 
 sembled at the railway stations in the various cities through which he 
 passed. In many of the cities in which he stopped, Lincoln made a 
 brief address to the people. 
 
 Some of the more important stops were made at Indianapolis, 
 Columbus, Cincinnati, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Buffalo, Rochester, Syra- 
 cuse, Utica, Albany, New York City, Trenton, Philadelphia and Harris- 
 burg. While in Philadelphia, Lincoln was invited to raise the national 
 flag over Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence 
 was first published to the world. Before raising the flag, he said 
 in part: 
 
 "I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing in this 
 place, where were collected together the wisdom, the patriotism, the 
 devotion to principle from which sprang the institutions under which 
 we live. You have kindly suggested to me that in my hands is the task 
 of restoring peace to our distracted country. I can say in return that 
 all the political sentiments I 
 entertain have been drawn, so 
 far as I have been able to draw 
 them, from the sentiments 
 which originated in, and were 
 given to the world from, this 
 hall. ... It was not the mere 
 matter of separation of the 
 colonies from the mother-land, 
 but that sentiment in the Dec- 
 laration of In- 
 dependence 
 which gave lib- 
 erty, not alone 
 to the people of 
 this country, 
 but hope to all 
 the world for 
 all future time, 
 all future 
 time." From 
 Philadelphia the 
 President - elect 
 went to Har- 
 risburg. 
 
 Meeting the 
 PeoDle of the 
 Northern States 
 
42 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 The Inauguration of Lincoln 
 
 THE President-elect reached Washington safely, having passed 
 through Baltimore in the night. It was rumored that there was a 
 conspiracy to assassinate him there. The day for the inauguration 
 came. Never before had there been so many people in Washington. 
 Soldiers were stationed in groups along Pennsylvania Avenue and on 
 the roofs of buildings. Cavalrymen rode behind the carriage that bore 
 President Buchanan and Mr. Lincoln from the Hotel to the Capitol. 
 
 Lincoln delivered his 
 inaugural from a plat- 
 form erected on the east 
 portico of the Capitol. 
 He was introduced by his 
 friend, Senator Baker of 
 Oregon. He carried a 
 cane and a little roll — 
 the manuscript of his In- 
 augural Address. As he 
 stepped forward to speak, 
 Stephen A. Douglas, the 
 political antagonist of his 
 whole public life, the 
 man who had pressed him 
 hardest in the campaign 
 of 1860, took Lincoln's 
 hat, whispering to a 
 friend, "If I can't be 
 President, I can at least 
 hold his hat." The Presi- 
 dent-elect closed his ad- 
 dress with these words: 
 
 "In your hands, my dis- 
 satisfied fellow-country- 
 men, and not in mine, is 
 
 the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. 
 You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You 
 have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the Government; while I 
 shall have the most solemn one to 'preserve, protect, and defend it.' 
 
 "I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must 
 not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break 
 our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from 
 every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearth- 
 stone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union 
 when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our 
 nature." 
 
 The Inaugural Address 
 
LINCOLN AND HIS GENERALS 
 
 43 
 
 Lincoln Visits McClellan After Antietam 
 
 LINCOLN'S kindness and patience in dealing with his generals who 
 did not succeed was most remarkable. First among these unsuc- 
 cessful generals was George B. McClellan, who had been called to 
 Washington after the Battle of Bull Run and placed in charge of the 
 great raw army of three years' volunteers that was pouring so rapidly 
 into the city. McClellan proved a wonderful organizer. Under his 
 skillful direction the raw recruits went to their camps of instruction, 
 fell without delay or confusion into brigades and divisions, were sup- 
 plied with equipment, horses and batteries, and put through a routine 
 of drill, tactics and reviews that soon made this Army of the Potomac, 
 as it was called, one of the best prepared armies the world has ever 
 seen — a perfect fighting machine of over 150,000 men and more than 
 200 guns. 
 
 General McClellan excelled in getting soldiers ready to fight, but 
 he did not succeed in leading them to fruitful victory. At first the 
 Administration had great hopes of him as a commander. His rise in 
 military rank was very rapid. He had been only a captain during the 
 Mexican War. Then he resigned. Two months after volunteering for 
 Civil War he found himself a Major-General in the Regular Army. 
 Lincoln made many fruitless efforts to per- 
 suade McClellan to march with his army 
 against the Confederates, but the General al- 
 ways found excuses for the delay. Finally 
 General Lee, of the Southern Army, made a 
 march northward, and McClellan was com- 
 pelled to follow him. They met at Antietam, 
 and a bloody battle was fought, with heavy 
 losses on both sides, 
 but without a de- 
 cisive victory for 
 the North. * The 
 President was great- 
 ly distressed when 
 McClellan did not 
 follow up the battle 
 the following day, 
 but allowed Lee to 
 withdraw his army 
 across the Potomac. 
 Sick at heart at the 
 delay, Lincoln paid 
 a visit to McClel- 
 lan's Headquarters 
 to urge action. Lincoln at McClellan's Headquarters 
 
44 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 The President and His Cabinet 
 
 BEFORE Lincoln left Springfield he had selected his cabinet. He 
 decided to offer posts of honor to those who had been his rivals 
 for the Presidential nomination, — Seward, Chase, Cameron, and 
 Bates, — and to fill the remaining places with representatives of the 
 various elements that had combined to form the Republican Party. 
 William H. Seward, a Senator from New York, and one of the ablest 
 public men of that day, was made Secretary of State. Salmon P. 
 Chase, of Ohio, became Secretary of the Treasury. Toward the end 
 of the administration, Chase resigned, and was appointed to the United 
 States Supreme Court. Simon Cameron, a political leader from Penn- 
 sylvania, was appointed Secretary of War. Cameron, however, was a 
 great disappointment, and his conduct of his office was so severely 
 criticised that he was soon forced to resign. Edwin M. Stanton was 
 chosen his successor, and became a great Secretary of War. He re- 
 mained in the Cabinet to the end. 
 
 Edward Bates, an able lawyer from Missouri, was chosen Attor- 
 ney-General, and Montgomery Blair, of Maryland, Postmaster-Gen- 
 eral. These men were from border states, and were named to give 
 recognition to those states, and possibly hold them in the Union. Gideon 
 Wells, from Connecticut, was made 
 Secretary of the Navy, and became %0P 
 
 one of Lincoln's warmest and most *X0[ 
 
 devoted supporters in the Cabinet. 
 
 *_ * 
 
 Secretary Stanton Advocating an Important Measure 
 
LINCOLN AND THE SOLDIERS 
 
 45 
 
 Lincoln Pardons the "Sleeping Sentry" 
 
 WILLIAM SCOTT had marched all day and then volunteered to 
 stand guard duty for a sick comrade in addition to his own. He 
 was found asleep on his post. He was courtmartialed and sentenced 
 to be shot. A day or two before the execution Lincoln happened to 
 visit that division of the army, and, learning of the case, asked permis- 
 sion to see the boy. Lincoln entered the tent where Scott was under 
 guard, talked to him of his home on the Vermont farm, his school, his 
 mother. As he was leaving the tent, Lincoln put his hands on the lad's 
 shoulders, and said: "My boy, you are not going to be shot tomorrow. 
 I believe you when you tell me that you could not keep awake. I am 
 going to trust you and send you 
 back to the regiment. But I have 
 been put to a great deal of trouble 
 on your account. I have had to 
 come here from Washington when 
 I had a great deal to do. Now, 
 what I want to know is, how are 
 you. going to pay my bill?" 
 
 Young Scott was surprised, 
 overjoyed, but worried. He did 
 not know how he could pay Mr. 
 Lincoln. A President would need 
 a big fee, he thought. And when, 
 finally, he said he thought the 
 boys would club together, and 
 perhaps they could raise five or 
 six hundred dollars, the President 
 said: "My bill is a very large 
 one. Your friends cannot pay it, 
 nor your bounty, nor the farm, 
 nor all your comrades! There is 
 only one man in all the world who can pay it, and his name is William 
 Scott. If from this day William Scott does his duty, so that, when he 
 comes to die, he can look me in the face as he does now, and say, I 
 have kept my promise, and I have done my duty as a soldier, then my 
 debt will be paid. Will you make that promise and try to keep it?" 
 
 The promise was gratefully given. After one of the battles of the 
 Peninsula he was found shot to pieces. He said, "Boys, I have tried 
 to do the right thing! If any of you have the chance, I wish you would 
 tell President Lincoln that I have never forgotten the kind words he 
 said to me at the Chain Bridge; that I have tried to be a good soldier 
 and true to the flag. Thank him because he gave me the chance to fall 
 like a soldier in battle and not like a coward by the hands of my 
 cowards." 
 
 Lincoln and the Sentine 
 
46 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Death Enters the White House 
 
 IN February, 1862, at a time of darkness and perplexity for the Union, 
 President Lincoln's two children, Willie and Tad, fell ill; when he 
 saw them suffering, and when it became evident, as it finally did, that 
 Willie, the elder of the two, would die, the President's anguish was in- 
 tense. He would slip away from visitors and cabinet at every opportun- 
 ity to go to the sick room, and during the last four or five days of 
 Willie's life, when the child was suffering terribly and lay in an un- 
 broken delirium, Mr. Lincoln shared with the nurse the nightly vigils 
 at his bedside. When Willie finally died, the President was so pro- 
 strated that it was feared by many of his friends that he would suc- 
 cumb to his grief. Tad was a patient, uncomplaining little man in his 
 sickness. The fever was running its course favorably, and his fancies 
 were gratified if possible. He was always content and happy in his 
 father's presence. If his father's face was care-worn and clouded at 
 the door, Ted did not see it; there was always a smile for him and a 
 cheery word, "How's the boy?" 
 
 Lincoln and His Sick Boy 
 
LINCOLN AND THE SOLDIERS 
 
 47 
 
 C*±> 
 
 Visiting with 
 the Troops 
 
 WHILE occupied in re-organizing and increasing the army, Presi- 
 dent Lincoln did his best to improve the morale of officers and 
 men. One of the first things he did, in fact, after a battle, was to run 
 over and see the boys, as he expressed it. General Sherman, who was 
 with Mr. Lincoln on many of these occasions, as he drove about the 
 camps, in speaking of a particular visit, said that the President made 
 one of the neatest, best and most feeling address he ever listened to, 
 and that its effect on the troops was excellent. As often as he could 
 get away from his official duties in Washington, Mr. Lincoln went to 
 the Arlington camps. Frequently on these visits, he left his carriage 
 and walked up and down the lines shaking hands with the men, repeat- 
 ing heartily as he did so, "God bless you! God bless you!" 
 
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 
 
 49 
 
 Lincoln Writes the First Draft on the Potomac 
 
 LINCOLN witnessed the horrors of slavery on 
 many occasions before becoming President. He 
 had never forgotten the impressions he received 
 during the voyages to New Orleans when a young 
 man. While a member of Congress, he saw from 
 the windows of the Capitol the slave-markets of 
 Washington, where droves of negroes were col- 
 lected, temporarily kept, and finally taken to 
 Southern markets, precisely like drives of horses. 
 These markets 
 had been openly 
 maintained there 
 for more than 
 fifty years. 
 
 Many months 
 before the Eman- 
 cipation Proclama- 
 tion was published, 
 Lincoln was work- 
 ing out in his own 
 mind the best 
 method of dealing 
 with the slavery 
 question. He of- 
 fered to compen- 
 sate the slave 
 owners of the bor- 
 der states if they 
 voluntarily freed 
 their slaves. This 
 offer was rejected. 
 He finally decided upon a proclamation of emancipation. 
 
 The first draft of the paper was written by the President one day 
 as he was sailing down the Potomac River on a steamboat on the way 
 to visit the army. However, its preparation extended over a period of 
 weeks. Parts of it were written in the War Department telegraph of- 
 fice. He said he was able to work there more quietly and command 
 his thoughts better than at the White House, where he was frequently 
 interrupted. During this period of preparation, many delegations of 
 ministers and others were calling upon the President demanding that 
 he free the slaves. To all these appeals, Lincoln listened courteously, 
 but never wavered in his determination to handle the problem in his 
 own way. 
 
 Lincoln Sailing 
 Down the 
 Potomac 
 
50 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 The Proclamation Issued September 22, 1862 
 
 NE July 22, 1862, Lincoln read to his Cabinet the first draft of a 
 
 O 
 
 proclamation, not for the purpose of asking for their advice, he 
 told them, but for their information. But every man was pledged to 
 confidence, and the secret was so well kept that the public had no sus- 
 picion of his intentions. Secretary Steward said he approved the meas- 
 ure, but suggested that its issue be postponed until the President could 
 give it to the country supported by military success, instead of issuing 
 it, as it would have been then, upon the greatest disasters of the war. 
 The President agreed with Secretary Seward, that if the proclamation 
 were issued then, it would be considered the last shriek of the govern- 
 ment on the retreat. 
 
 During the months that followed, the Union army suffered severe 
 reverses. Finally, after the Northern victory at Antietam, and the 
 Confederates were driven out of Maryland, Lincoln decided to issue 
 the proclamation. On September, 22, 1862, he assembled his War 
 Cabinet at the White House, every member being present. The Presi- 
 dent was apparently indifferent, and was engaged in reading a little 
 book, which seemed to afford him great amusement. At last he turned 
 to the Cabinet and said, "Gentlemen, did you ever read anything from 
 Artemus Ward? Let me read you a chapter that is very funny." No 
 one smiled and during the subsequent reading of the chapter, the mem- 
 bers sat in annoyed silence. The President was the only one who 
 loughed, and he proceeded to read another chapter. Then he threw 
 down the book with a sigh, saying, "Gentlemen why don't you laugh? 
 With the fearful strain that is upon me night and day, if I did not 
 laugh I should die and you need this medicine as much as I do." 
 
 Lincoln then pulled a paper out of his tall hat, which was on the 
 table, and addressed the Cabinet, saying that he had prepared a paper 
 of great importance which he wished them to hear. He then read them 
 the Emancipation Proclamation, the final draft of which he had al- 
 ready decided upon, to take effect on the first of the following January, 
 to the effect that "all persons held as slaves within any State or desig- 
 nated part of a State, the people whereof shall be in rebellion against 
 the United States, shall be then henceforward and forever free." 
 Stanton, with great enthusiasm rose, grasped the President's hand, and 
 said, "Mr. President, if the reading of the chapters of Artemus Ward 
 is a prelude to such a deed as this, the book should be filed among the 
 archives of the nation, and the author should be canonized. Hence- 
 forth, I see the light and the country is saved." Everyone said, 
 "Amen." The final proclamation was issued January 1, 1863. Upon 
 issuing it, the President said, "Upon this act I invoke the considerate 
 judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God." The 
 proclamation was hailed with great joy in the North, and silenced much 
 of the criticism of Lincoln by his Northern supporters. 
 
LINCOLN IN THE WHITE HOUSE 
 
 51 
 
 Millionaires Ask Protection — Neighbors Welcomed 
 
 LINCOLN'S neighbors from 
 Springfield were always wel- 
 comed at the White House, espe- 
 cially those who came seeking no 
 offices or other favors. On one 
 occasion, a friend called to see the 
 President, who had great diffi- 
 culty in getting an interview be- 
 cause of the interference of the 
 President's secretary, but, by 
 chance, Mr. Lincoln caught sight 
 of the visitor. Immediately he 
 rushed forward and grasped his 
 friend's hand with a hearty greet- 
 ing: "Billy, I am glad to see you. 
 Come right in. You are going to 
 stay for supper with Mary and 
 me." The President sat with his 
 friend on the back stoop of the 
 White House until long after mid- 
 night listening to all the news 
 
 from home. 
 
 Millionaires Want Protection 
 
 A number of millionaires from 
 New York City called upon the 
 President to ask for protection 
 when the "Merrimac" escaped 
 from Hampton Roads and was 
 supposed to be making its way to 
 that port. These wealthy men 
 told the President how much they 
 were worth and how patriotically 
 they had paid their taxes and sub- 
 scribed for Government loans. 
 Mr. Lincoln said: "Well, gentle- 
 men, the Government has no ves- 
 sel yet, that I know of, that can 
 sink the "Merrimac," and our re- 
 sources, both of money and credit, 
 are strained to the utmost. But 
 if I had as much money as you 
 say you have got, I would find 
 means to prevent the "Merrimac" 
 a Neighbor Calls reaching my property." 
 
Lincoln at Gettysburg 
 
A 
 
 LINCOLN'S ADDRESS AT GETTYSBURG 53 
 
 The President Makes His Greatest Speech 
 
 FTER the Battle of Gettysburg, a portion of the ground on which 
 the engagement was fought was purchased by the State of Penn- 
 sylvania for a burial-place for the Union soldiers who were slain in that 
 bloody encounter. The tract included seventeen and a half acres ad- 
 joining the town cemetery. It was planned to consecrate the ground 
 with imposing ceremonies, in which the President, accompanied by his 
 Cabinet and a large body of the military, was invited to assist. The 
 day appointed was the 19th of November; and the chief orator selected 
 was Massachusetts' eloquent citizen, Edward Everett. Following him 
 it was expected that the President would add some testimonials in 
 honor of the dead. 
 
 The ceremonies began about noon of the day appointed. Everett's 
 oration was a finished literary production, requiring two hours for its 
 delivery, but the great orator held the attention of his audience 
 throughout. When he had finished, and the applause that greeted him 
 had died away, the multitude called loudly for an address from Lincoln. 
 With an unconscious air, the President came forward at the call, and 
 read, in a quiet voice which gradually warmed with feeling, the follow- 
 ing brief address: 
 
 "Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this 
 continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the 
 proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a 
 great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so con- 
 ceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great bat- 
 tle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field 
 as a final resting-place of those who here gave their lives that that na- 
 tion might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do 
 this. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, 
 we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who 
 struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add 
 or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say 
 here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, 
 rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who 
 fought here have thus far so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to 
 be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us, that from 
 these honored dead we shall take increased devotion to that cause for 
 which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly 
 resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, 
 under God, shall have a new b"rth of freedom; and that government of 
 the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the 
 earth." Lincoln's brief oration at Gettysburg ranks with the noblest 
 utterances of human lips. No orator of ancient or modern times pro- 
 duced purer rhetoric, more beautiful sentiment, or elegant diction. 
 
LINCOLN'S TRUST IN GOD 55 
 
 Letters Written by President Lincoln 
 
 TO Mrs. Bixby of Boston, the President wrote: "Dear Madam: — I 
 have been shown, in the files of the War Department, a statement 
 of the Adjutant-General of Massachusetts, that you are the mother of 
 five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle. I feel how 
 weak and fruitless must be the words of mine which should attempt to 
 beguile you from a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from 
 tendering you the consolation that may be found in the thanks of the 
 Republic that they have died to save. I pray that our Heavenly Izthnv 
 may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the 
 cherished memory of the loved and lost and the solemn pride that must 
 be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom." 
 
 To the Quakers of Iowa, who had sent President Lincoln an ad- 
 dress, he wrote: "It is most cheering and encouraging for me to know 
 that in the efforts which I have made, and am making, for the restora- 
 tion of a righteous peace to our country, I am upheld and sustained by 
 the good wishes and prayers- of God's people. No one is more deeply 
 aware than myself that without His favor our highest wisdom is but 
 as foolishness, and our most strenuous efforts would avail nothing in 
 the shadow of His displeasure." 
 
 Speaking of the Springfield clergy who refused to support him, 
 Lincoln said: "I know there is a God, and He hates injustice and slav- 
 ery. I see the storm coming, and I know His hand is in it. If He has 
 a place and work for me, and I think He has, I believe I am ready. I 
 am nothing, but truth is everything; I know I am right, because I know 
 that liberty is right, for Christ teaches it, and Christ is God." 
 
 When President Lincoln called on General Sickles in the hospital, 
 he said to him: "In the pinch of your campaign up there (Gettysburg) 
 when everybody seemed panic-stricken and nobody could tell what was 
 going to happen, I went up to my room one day and locked the door, 
 and got down on my knees before Almighty God and prayed to Him 
 mightily for a victory at Gettysburg. I told God that if we were to win 
 the battle, He must do it, for I had done all I could. I told Him that 
 was His war, and our cause was His cause. And then and there made 
 a solemn vow to Almighty God that if He would stand by our boys at 
 Gettysburg I would stand by Him, and he did, and I will." 
 
 Lincoln wrote to his step-brother concerning his father who was 
 then very ill: "He (God) notes the fall of a sparrow, and numbers the 
 hairs of our heads, and He will not forget the dying man who puts his 
 trust in Him. Say to him (his father) that if we could meet now it is 
 doubtful whether it would not be more painful than pleasant; but that 
 if it be his lot to go now, he will soon have a joyous meeting with the 
 many loved ones gone before, and whence the rest of us, through the 
 help of God, hope ere long to join them." 
 
0. 
 
 0) 
 
 u 
 
LINCOLN RE-ELECTED PRESIDENT 57 
 
 Inaugurated President for Second Term, March 4, 1865. 
 
 THE National Republican Convention which met in Baltimore on the 
 8th of June, 1864, adopted resolutions heartily approving the 
 course of .the Administration and nominated Abraham Lincoln as its 
 candidate for President for another term. Andrew Johnson, of Tenn- 
 essee, was nominated for Vice-President. In his acceptance of the 
 nomination, Lincoln said, with the most delicate modesty, "I view this 
 call to a second term as in no wise more flattering to myself than' as 
 an expression of the public judgment that I may better finish a> diffi- 
 cult work than could one less severely schooled to the task/' In 
 November following Lincoln was re-elected, having received the elec- 
 toral votes of every loyal State but three. On March 4th, 1865, he was 
 inaugurated President for the second time. He closed his address with 
 the following words: 
 
 "Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the dura- 
 tion which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause 
 of the conflict might cease when, or even before, the conflict itself 
 should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less 
 fundamental and astounding. Both read the same Bible, and pray to 
 the same God, and each invoke His aid against the other. It may seem 
 strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in 
 wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces; but let us 
 judge not, that we be not judged. The prayer of both could not be 
 answered. That of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty 
 has His own purposes. 'Woe unto the world because of offenses, for 
 it must needs be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the 
 offense cometh.' If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of 
 those offenses, which, in the Providence of God, must needs come, but 
 which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to 
 remove, and that He gave to North and South this terrible war, as the 
 woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein 
 any departure from those Divine attributes which the believers in a 
 living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope, fervently do 
 we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet 
 if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's 
 two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until 
 every drop of blood drawn by the lash shall be paid by another drawn 
 with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must 
 be said, 'The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.' 
 
 "With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in 
 the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the 
 work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who 
 shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and for his orphan; to 
 do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among 
 ourselves and with all nations." 
 
58 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 President Lincoln 
 andnGeneral Grant 
 
 The President Meets General Grant for the First Time 
 
 WHILE the President was having his troubles with his generals in 
 the East, a silent man was winning great victories for the North 
 in the West. His name was Ulysses S. Grant. Although a West Point 
 graduate, he found it difficult in the beginning to get an appointment. 
 He lacked political influence. His success in winning battles brought 
 
 him to the notice of 
 the President. After 
 he had taken Forts 
 Henry and Donald- 
 son, he was pro- 
 moted to a Major- 
 General and put at 
 the head of the 
 armies of the West. 
 To those who op- 
 posed this, Lincoln 
 said, "I can't spare 
 this man. He 
 fights." 
 
 President Lincoln 
 saw Grant for the 
 first time when the 
 General called at 
 the White House, 
 on the 9th of March, 1864, to receive 
 his commission constituting him 
 Lieutenant-General of the armies. 
 In presenting the commission, Lin- 
 coln said, "As the country herein 
 trusts you, so, under God, it will 
 sustain you. I scarcely need add 
 that, with what I here speak for the 
 nation, goes my own hearty personal concurrence. " Grant replied, "I 
 feel the full weight of the responsibility now devolving upon me; and I 
 know that if they are met it will be due to those armies, and above all 
 to the favor of Providence which leads both nations and men." 
 
 At the dedication of the Lincoln monument General Grant said of 
 Lincoln: "To know him personally was to love him and respect him 
 triotism. With all his disappointments from failures on the part of 
 those to whom he had intrusted commands, and treachery on the part 
 of those who had gained his confidence but to betray it, I never heard 
 him utter a complaint, nor cast a censure, for bad conduct or bad faith. 
 It was his nature to find excuses for his adversaries. In his death the 
 nation lost is greatest hero; in his death the South lost its just friend." 
 
LAST DAYS OF THE CONFEDERACY 
 
 59 
 
 Lincoln Visits Richmond After Its Capture 
 
 LINCOLN was at City Point, the headquarters of of General Grant, 
 when he heard of the capture of Richmond and the fire that con- 
 sumed a large part of the city. He exclaimed, 'Thank God that I have 
 lived to see this! I want to see Richmond." The same day, accom- 
 panied by Admiral Porter, but without a military escort of any kind, 
 he went up the 
 
 river and landed -^ 
 
 at a wharf near 
 L i b b y Prison. 
 There were some 
 negroes there dig- 
 ging with spades. 
 Their leader was 
 an old man. He 
 raised himself up 
 as the President 
 landed and put his 
 hands up to his 
 eyes. Then he 
 dropped his spade 
 and sprang for- 
 ward. 
 
 "Bress de Lord," 
 he said, "dere is 
 the great Messiah! 
 I knowed him as 
 soon as I seed 
 him. He's been 
 in my heart fo'long 
 years, an' he's 
 cum at las' to free 
 his chillin' from 
 deir bondage ; 
 
 Glory, Hallelujah!" And he fell on his knees before the President and 
 kissed his feet. The others followed his example, and as Mr. Lincoln 
 looked down at the grateful people at his feet, he said, "Don't kneel to 
 me. That is not right. You must kneel to God only, and thank Him 
 for the liberty you will hereafter enjoy. I am but God's humble in- 
 strument; but you may rest assured that as long as I live no one shall 
 put a shackle on your limbs, and you shall have all the rights which 
 God has given to every other free citizen of this Republic." Lincoln 
 had been in Richmond only a few minutes when the streets seemed to 
 be suddenly alive with colored people. They seemed to spring from 
 the earth everywhere. 
 
 Linco 
 
60 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 Lincoln Visits the Davis Mansion 
 
 THE throng of colored people that greeted Lincoln in Richmond 
 finally became so oppressive that it was necessary to surround him 
 with a guard to prevent him from being crushed to death. This was 
 hurriedly made up from members of the boat crew with bayonets fixed 
 to their rifles. At length the President spoke. "My poor friends," he 
 said, "You are free — tree as the air. You can cast off the name of 
 slave and trample upon it; it will come to you no more. Liberty is 
 your birth-right. God gave it to you as He gave it to others. But you 
 must try to deserve this priceless boon. Let the world see that you 
 merit it, and are able to maintain it by your good works. Don't let 
 your joy carry you into excesses. Learn the laws and obey them; obey 
 God's commandments, and thank Him for giving you liberty, for to 
 Him you owe all things." 
 
 The procession finally reached the mansion from which Jefferson 
 Davis had taken his quick departure the previous Sunday. President 
 Lincoln wearily ascended the steps and by chance dropped into the 
 very chair usually occupied by Mr. Davis when at his writing table. 
 The President remained two days in Richmond carefully going over 
 the situation and discussing the best means of restoring Union author- 
 ity, and dealing with the individuals who had been in insurrection. He 
 was emphatic in his opinion. The terms must be liveral. "Get them to 
 plowing once," he said, "and gathering in their own little crops, eating 
 pop-corn at their own firesides, and you can't get them to shoulder a 
 musket again for half a century. If Grant is wise he will leave them 
 
 their guns to shoot crows with and their 
 horses to plow with; it would do no 
 harm." Leaving the Davis mansion to 
 return to City Point, the President was 
 driven through the streets of the city, 
 taking a hasty 
 glance at the scene 
 of desolation and 
 woe. He was es- 
 corted by a guard 
 JKp of troops furnished 
 SrMii k y the military Gov- 
 ,: * ernor. City Point 
 was the headquar- 
 ters of General 
 Grant. While there, 
 the President con- 
 tinued to receive 
 news of further 
 Leaving the Davis Mansion to Return to City Point Union victories. 
 
LAST DAYS OF THE WAR 
 
 61 
 
 Lincoln's Last Speech 
 
 IN celebration of the great victory, on Tuesday evening, April 11, 
 the White House, the Executive Department and many of the busi- 
 ness places and private residences in Washington were illuminated, 
 bon-fires were kindled, and fireworks set off. A vast mass of citizens 
 crowded about the Executive Mansion, as Lincoln appeared at the his- 
 toric East window and made his last speech to the American public. 
 He said in part: "We meet this evening not in sorrow, but in gladness 
 of heart. In the midst of this, however, He from whom all blessings 
 flow must not be forgotten. Nor must those whose harder part gives 
 us the cause of rejoicing be overlooked. To General Grant, his skillful 
 officers and brave men, all belongs. The gallant navy stood ready, but 
 was not in reach to take active part." 
 
 § 
 
 M 
 
 <2j c-i 
 
 t? oa fry 
 
 )•%. 
 
 Lincoln's Last 
 
 Speech to His 
 
 Countrymen 
 
62 
 
 Ford' 
 
 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 The Assassination of President Lincoln 
 
 THE President, Mrs. Lincoln, and Gen- 
 eral and Mrs. Grant had accepted a 
 box at Ford's Theatre, and, the fact hav- 
 ing been announced in the newspapers, 
 there was a large attendance. At the last 
 minute, General Grant changed his mind 
 and took a train for New York instead. 
 Mrs. Lincoln invited Miss Harris and Major 
 Rathbone to take the vacant places, and 
 the party arrived at the theatre shortly 
 after the curtain rose. About ten o'clock 
 John Wilkes Booth, a dissipated young 
 actor and fanatical sympathizer of the 
 South, pushed his way through the crowd 
 to the President's box, showed a card to 
 the usher who had been placed at the door 
 to keep out inquisitive people, and was 
 The eyes of the President and his companions were 
 
 Carrying a 
 
 Theatre 
 
 allowed to enter. 
 
 fixed upon the stage, so that his entrance was unnoticed, 
 knife in his left hand, Booth approached within arm's length of the 
 President and fired a pistol; dropping that weapon, he took the knife 
 in his right hand and struck savagely at Major Rathbone, who caught 
 the blow upon his left arm, receiving a deep wound. Booth then vaulted 
 over the railing of the box upon the stage, 
 but his spur caught in the folds of the 
 drapery and he fell, breaking his leg. 
 Staggering to the foot lights, he bran- 
 ished his knife and shouted, "Sic semper 
 tyrannis." He then quickly disappeared 
 between the flies. 
 Major Rathbone 
 shouted, "Stop 
 him!" It was sev- 
 eral seconds before 
 the actors upon the 
 stage and the audi- 
 ence realized what 
 had happened. 
 The President was 
 carried across the 
 street and laid upon" 
 a bed in a small 
 house, where Mrs. 
 Lincoln followed. 
 
 The Assassination 
 
At the Bedside of the Dying President 
 
64 LIFE OF LINCOLN IN PICTURES 
 
 President Died April 15, 1865 — The Funeral Services 
 
 THE first floor of the house where Lincoln had just been carried 
 after his assassination was composed of three rooms, opening on 
 the same corridor. It was in the third, a small room, where the dying 
 man lay. His face, lighted by a gas jet, under which the bed had been 
 removed, was pale and livid. His body had already the rigidity of 
 death. At intervals only the still audible sound of his breathing could 
 be fairly heard, and at intervals, again, it would be lost entirely. The 
 surgeons did not entertain hope that he might recover a moment's con- 
 sciousness. Judge William T. Otto, a thirty years' friend of Mr. Lin- 
 coln's, was standing at the bedside holding his hand; around the bed 
 stood also the Attorney-General, Mr. Speed, and the Rev. Mr. Gurney, 
 pastor of the church Mr. Lincoln usually attended. Leaning against 
 the wall stood Mr. Stanton, who gazed now and then at the dying man's 
 face, and who seemed overwhelmed with emotion. From time to time 
 he wrote telegrams, or gave orders which, in the midst of the crisis, 
 assured the preservation of peace. The remaining members of the 
 Cabinet, and several senators were pacing up and down the corridor. 
 At last toward seven o'clock in the morning, the surgeon announced 
 that death was at hand; and at twenty minutes after seven the pulse 
 ceased beating. Mr. Stanton approached the bed, closed Mr. Lincoln's 
 eyes, and drawing the sheet over the dead man's head uttered these 
 words in a low voice, "Now he belongs to the ages." 
 
 On Wednesday, April 19th, the funeral of the dead President took 
 place at the White House in the midst of an assemblage of the chief 
 men of the nation. From the Executive Mansion, the President was 
 carried to the Capitol, in the Rotunda of which, he lay in state for one 
 day, guarded by a company of high officers of the army and navy. The 
 funeral train left Washington two days later, and traversed nearly the 
 same route that had been passed over by the train that bore him, as 
 President-elect, from Springfield to Washington, four years before. It 
 was a funeral unique, wonderful. Nearly two thousand miles were 
 traversed; the people lined the entire distance, almost without interval, 
 standing with uncovered heads, mute with grief, as the funeral train 
 swept by. 
 
 It was on May 4th, fifteen days after the funeral in Washington, 
 that Abraham Lincoln's remains finally rested in Oakland Cemetery, a 
 shaded and beautiful spot, two miles from Springfield. Here at the 
 foot of a woody knoll, a vault had been prepared, in which Lincoln was 
 placed. By his side was his little son Willie, whose casket had been 
 removed from Washington with that of his father. The ceremonies at 
 Springfield were attended by a great concourse of military and civil 
 dignitaries, by the governors of States, members of Congress, officers 
 of the army and navy, and many delegations from cities, from churches, 
 by the friends of his youth, his young manhood, and his maturer years. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
 973.7L63BV46L C001 
 
 THE LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN, AS TOLD IN 
 
 3 0112 031792283