STATISTICS OF THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN TILE iLLINOlS. JANUARY, 1884. C!OM.fIL,EI> B¥ THE STATE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. JOHN S. LORD, Secretary. SPRINGFIELD. ILLINOIS. H. W. Rokker, State Printer and Binder. 1884. CENTRAL CIRCULATION AND BOOKSTACKS The person borrowing this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or return before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each non-returned or lost item. Theft, mutilation, or defacement of library materials can be causes for student disciplinary action. All materials owned by the University of Illinois Library are the property of the State of Illinois and are protected by Article 16B of Illinois Criminal Law and Procedure. TO RENEW, CALL (217) 333-8400. University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign NOV /00i JUL12 20 (, When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L162 STATISTICS A^^ MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN TILE ILLINOIS. JANUARY, 1884. COMPILED BY THE STATE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. JOHN S. LOKD, Secretary. SPRINGFIELD. ILLINOIS, H. W. Rokkek. State Pkintek and Bindek. 1884. THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN TILE IN ILLINOIS. This Bureau having been called upon by the Illinois Tile-Makers'. Association, at their last annual convention, for statistics of drain tile manufacture in Illinois, and recognizing the interest and impor- tance which has attached of late years to this comparatively recent feature both of agriculture and manufactures in this State, an en- quiry has been instituted with a view to procuring such informa- tion as was possible on this subject. The results are presented herewith, and are published in the present form in advance of the regular report of this Bureau, in order to give an earlier and wider distribution to the information herein contained, among those who are specially interested in it. So far as it has been possible* to ascertain there has been no com- pilation of a similar scope and character undertaken or made in this or other States,* beyond some broad estimate of a general character, which in the absence of authoritative figures have been accepted as facts. There are also comparatively few even of well stocked libraries which "contain any assortment of valuable works on the subject either of the manufacture of drain tile, or the science of underground drainage, and the periodical literature devoted to these subjects is meagre in the extreme. There is accordingly little oppor- tunity afforded either for comparisons or for the verification of the tables here compiled with established data. The following exhibit will, however, give a good approximate view of the progress of the industry of tile manufacture in this State since 1875, and its extent and character at the beginning of the present calendar year. The information on which these tables are based has been procured, first, from the various township assessors of the State, as to the number, name and address of each tile maker in their respective towns ; and second, from the makers themselves as to the character and product of their respective factories. Com- pilations made upon data furnished by so great a number of per- sons must necessarily involve some elements of uncertainty, but as far as possible these have been reduced to the minimum by the elimination of obscure or doubtful returns. In regard, however, to the number of factories reported to us by the assessors, as in actual existence, the only question which can arise is as to whether the whole number has been given. The presumption is that some have been omitted, and that the whole number in the State is greater than that reported. Our revised directory embraces now 536 fac- tories, although at the time of making the tables the whole number known was 5£6, and the estimates for the State will be found to be based on that number. In general it is a fair presumption *The Bureau of Statistics of Indiana, in a report just issued, gives a table of 387 tile fac- tories in that State, employing $759,562 capital, and 1,517 men. Value of product $1,133,515. ? x\ * ¥*«** that the summaries arrived at by this investigation are rather too small than too large. In regard to the accuracy of the returns which have been made, it is believed that, inasmuch as the identity of the factories is obscured, and the motives for exaggeration are not more or greater than those for an underestimation, the statements made may be accepted as practically exact and reliable. Upon an examination of the returns from township assessors it was found that there were in all (at that time) 526 tile factories, 'located in about four hundred towns and villages, and in seventy-five different counties of the State. These 526 tile makers were each addressed, and a certain line of information of a general character solicited, with a tender of blanks and postage with which to make return. In response, 330 manufacturers made specific statements to the Bureau as to their date of establishment, capital invested, the num- ber and wages of their employes, their methods of manufacture and of drying, the amount and value- of their product, the kinds and quantities of fuel consumed, and other minor items. The factories reported were of all kinds and sizes, from those of the most costly equipment to those of the most primitive construction and limited capacity ; and it was assumed that those failing to report were equally of all classes, and that these 330 factories, constituting 62 per cent, of the whole, were a fair exponent of the whole, and should be so considered. Upon these returns, consequently, the following tables are based, and the summaries for the State are deduced. These in brief may be given as follows : Number of counties in which drain tile is manufactured 75 Number of factories 536 Amount of capital employed $3, 794, 000 00 Number of employes 5,495 Amount paid in wages during the year $1,434,163 00 Average number of months in operation 7 Whole number of tile made 176,962,821 Total cost of fuel $504,960 00 Estimated home value of total product 1 3, 960, 958 00 A noticeable feature illustrated by these returns, and exhibited in de- tail by Table VI, is the recent rapid growth of this industry, and of the practice of tile-drainage which that growth implies. From an exam- ination of the dates of establishment of the different factories it is found that only about 5 per cent, of the present number were in operation in 1875, and that in 1880 there was only 32 per cent, of the present number, then in existence ; showing that the really great impetus in this direction has been developed within the three years last past. The distribution of these factories throughout the State is also a consideration of interest, and somewhat indicative of the general character of the surface. Neither the northern nor the southern extremities of the State have tile factories, the former being a naturally rolling country and the latter more generally covered with timber. On the other hand the great central portion of the State, especially east of the Illinois river, has in round numbers about four-fifths of all the tile factories of the State. This district embraces what is known as the corn and wheat belt, and is distinguished for its uniform fertility. The great- est number of these factories is found in that group of counties lying on the eastern border of the State, in the neighborhood of Vermilion county. In six of these counties there are 116 tile facto- ries. The greatest number in a single county is found in La Salle county, which has '27. Vermilion county has 26, Edgar 22, Iroquois, Champaign and Woodford 18 each, McLean 17, and Douglas and Coles 16 each, while almost every county throughout the great grain producing districts has from 1 to 15. That there is a demand for still others at many points, and also the natural facilities for estab- lishing them, has been demonstrated by our correspondence on the subject, and such localities as are in need of the factories are indicated on a subsequent page. The relative magnitude of the factories already in operation, as indi- cated by the amount of capital employed and the amount of annual product, is fully shown in the tables. From these it appears that 46 per cent, of the whole number of factories employ less than $5,000 capital each, and that 54 percent, employ more than that sum. Of the latter number 60 per cent, have from $5,000 to $10,000 each invested, 20 per cent, have from $10,000 to $15,000, 11 per cent, have from $15,000 to $25,000, and 8 per cent, have over $25,000 each invested in the plant and business. Three of these larger establishments are equipped at a cost of $40,000 each, three at a cost of $50,000 each, one at a cost of $70,000, and another at a cost of $100,000. Measured by the amount of their manufactured product, there are found 12 establishments in the State which produced from 1,000,000 to 4,000,000 drain tile of all sizes during the year ending January 1, 1884. Two firms in McLean county produced 5.000,000, two in Will county produced 4,810,510, one in Bock Island 3,500,000, one in Warren 2,278,400, while Champaign, Greene, Grundy, Logan, Ma- con, Stark and Warren counties each have single factories producing a million or more tile annually. At the head of the list stands the establishment of N. B. Heufer & Co., of Bloomington, with a re- ported annual product of 4.000,000. The next in order is the Argillo W^orks, of Carbon Cliff, Bock Island county, with a product of 3,500.000, and the third is the Monmouth Mining and Manufac- turing Company, showing a product for last year of 2,278,400. To illustrate what sizes of drain tile are principally in use and demand, a table has been prepared showing the number of each size made by 184 factories in 53 counties. This gives 16 sizes ranging from two to fourteen inches in diameter. By far the greater num- ber are 3, 4 and 5 inch tile, and the percentages of each are as fol- lows : Of the whole number made 29+ per cent, is 4 inch tile, 24+ per cent, is 3 inch, and 16+ per cent, is 5 inch tile, while the remaining 31 — per cent, is divided irregularly among the larger sizes — very few smaller than 3 inch being made. Of the 6, 7, and 8 inch there are about 23 per cent, of the whole, while the 10 and 12 inch sewer pipe constitute about 6 per cent of the whole. We find also upon an examination of the character of these tile factories that 77 per cent, of them are using steam power for manu- facturing, and steam for drying the product, the remainder being the more primitive establishments operated by horse power and dependent upon open air drying. When, however, the relative pro- duct of these two classes of factories is considered, it is found that the steam factories produce 92 per cent, of all the tile made, so that it is practically a steam industry and is doubtless becoming more so in reality every year. 6 This fact leads to the consideration of the kind and quantity, and the cost of the fuel which this hranch of manufacture requires. A subsequent table will show that the actual consumption of fuel dur- ing the past year by 268 steam factories was 119,406 tons of coal at an average cost of $2.10 per ton, and 19,501 cords of wood at an average cost of $2.46 per cord, or a total cost for these factories of $200,378 for the fuel necessary to make 101,302,228 tile, or an an average of $2.96 per thousand. The average cost of fuel per thousand tile for the whole 330 factories of all kinds is $2.88. The probable total cost of fuel, — the amount annually disbursed in the State by tile makers for the most part to coal men, — is some- what over half a million dollars. The statistics of employes and of wages will be found in Table II. Labor in this industry is for the most part unskilled, and these tile works are usually established and carried on in small towns in rural communities — where labor can be had at about farm-hand rates— and where the cost of living is at a minimum. We consequently find that for laborers the average wages paid is $33 a month. For burners, however, who must possess some special skill and experience, the average pay is $47 a month, and the range is from $32, the pay of a common laborer, to $60 in the county averages, although there are instances in which individual burners in the larger establishments receive as high as $75 and $80, and in one factory a head-burner or foreman of kilns receives $90 a month. The wages of engineers vary of course with the character of the work and of the machinery with which they are entrusted. The ultimate average for the State is $43 a month, though an exam- ination of the tables will indicate that from $50 to $60 is the prob- able pay of skilled engineers. The wages of foremen, where such are employed, depend almost wholly upon their peculiar qualifica- tions and the degree of their responsibility. The highest salary re- ported for this service is $200 a month, while in small establish- ments where the proprietor is his own foreman the figures given are merely nominal, and serve only to reduce the general average, which is only $53. The whole number of men employed in tile making is found to be 5,425, and the aggregate amount disbursed annually in wages is $1,434,163 for an average of seven months work. This average of the number of months' in which these factories were in operation last year is, however, very much less than would appear in subse- quent years, owing to the fact that 40 per cent, of the factories re- ported were started during the year for which they make returns, and many of them had barely commenced operations. These more- over, almost without exception, are the better class of factories, equipped with improved machinery and appliances, and designed to operate, if necessary, continuously throughout the year. This presentation of the statistics of this youngest industry in the State is designedly confined to the manufacture rather than the use of drain tile. The advantages arising from the use of tile on lands of almost every kind are abundantly demonstrated and generally recognized ; and it is of course the economic value of drainage in agriculture which has given rise and prosperity to the business of tile making. The manufacture itself has, however, attained an impor- tance of its own as a new element in the industrial prosperity of the State, aside from its results upon the productiveness of the soil. This view of tile manufacture in Illinois is presented here, and the fact is brought to light that within a period virtually of about five years, over three millions of capital has found employment in this industry ; that by it about 6,000 men directly and many more indi- rectly, have been given new work and wages ; that it has stimulated both mining and transportation, and given a new impetus to the local trade of over four hundred of the towns and villages of the State in which its factories have been established. In view of the claim made by agriculturists that the judicious use of drain tile increases the productiveness of average Illinois land at least 25 per cent., and of the fact that such possibilities have only of late years become known, and of the further consideration that a vast propor- tion of the State is susceptible to this improvement by this method, it is not too much to expect such a continuous and increasing de- mand for drain tile as shall establish the permanence and pros- perity of this industry, and very largely extend its field of operations. Table I. Table I affords a comprehensive summarized view of all the facts brought out by the returns made to this office aggregated by counties. The subsequent tables form a more specific analysis, the items in the first table being supplemented by information of a character which renders possible a fuller comparison than can be shown in a table which is simply a recapitulation. This table contains a statement of the number, of factories in each county from which returns have been received, the amount of capi- tal invested, the number of employes, the average monthly wages paid to each class, the total amount paid during the year for labor, and the number of months in operation, the number of kilns, the kind of power used, the methods of manufacture and drying, the whole number of tile made and its value, together with the kind and amount of fuel used in the respective factories, its average value per ton or cord, and its total cost. It appears from this presenta- tion that the 330 factories from which replies were received have an aggregate capital invested of $2,381,751, that they employ 3,412 hands, that the total amount of wages paid during 1883 was $882, 960, that the total cost of fuel was $316,921 and that the total pro- duct is 109,836,393 tile, the value of which was $2,459,662. Table I. — Showing Summaries 'A S'B ng. CD i-J w '. o 1 p d E CD o CD •d c oB <<: c CD CD CO i-J ■ 2= : w : B Average Monthly Wages of— H3 o E B? CR CD CO 5 3 P "d CD CD 1 n : e? CO 3 (3 3 c CD I-J o 5* co Kind of Power used. Counties. ""1 o CD | CD P '. H d p : CD CD td c P CD i-S co pa C o CD i-J co W o •-J co CO CD 09 3 Brown 2 4 1 16 4 2 1 13 1 2 4 4 9 12 1 15 2 1 4 10 2 5 1 4 8 11 1 3 1 3 5 14 3 12 7 15 16 4 1 1 5 1 3 5 3 4 4 1 4 1 3 1 6 3 1 $7, 800 33,500 6,000 15, 000 15, 800 4,900 1,000 89, 000 5,000 7,000 8,000 67, 000 50, 000 47,950 12,000 50, 100 7, 000 3, 000 23, 884 73, 184 13,200 39, 750 15,000 21,000 37, 000 50, 000 5, 000 45,500 8, 000 26,500 50.500 174,583 13,000 64, 000 66. 000 123,300 104,6U0 29,000 5, 000 1,500 18,500 20,000 27,500 29, 000 45, 000 8,000 26, 000 9,000 11.500 2,000 106,500 10, 000 57, 000 15, 800 2,000 25 55 8 153 23 13 3 106 7 10 20 59 74 79 10 88 13 6 50 95 10 73 15 27 70 97 8 38 15 36 63 243 26 112 107 219 145 42 8 4 38 22 52 45 35 19 45 25 26 6 66 8 84 26 7 30 47 65 72 39 45 47 52 47 41 46 48 65 50 52 52 32 41 31 38 39 31 31 25 26 30 40 26 29 36 33 31 32 31 23 32 36 32 28 33 39 29 37 34 28 32 34 37 33 34 36 35 37 32 34 35 32 $4,980 12, 062 2,500 35, 260 3,010 950 300 18, 599 1,820 1,158 2,853 27,240 9. 907 18.527 3.500 11,369 2, 181 '"8," 912 16,745 10, 150 16,398 7.800 6,742 14,981 19. 680 693 7,029 4,500 6.970 14,442 66,540 6,355 24, 029 50,783 56,344 42, 781 12,944 700 5 6 6 7 4 6 3 7 7 5 5 11 6 6 7 6 5 7 7 3 6 12 4 6 6 3 10 8 7 9 8 6 6 7 7 7 6 3 4 6 12 9 7 5 5 8 12 6 2 10 7 8 8 4 4 11 2 33 6 2 1 29 1 2 4 10 14 17 4 18 3 2 5 17 2 10 4 5 16 19 2 7 2 7 9 43 5 23 24 36 38 9 1 1 9 5 9 12 7 4 10 3 6 1 7 3 14 5 2 2 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 3 3 2 i l 3 1 1 3 2 2 1 i 2 2 2 1 .... 2 4 Cass Champaign Christian. 14 3 Clark 1 Clay Coles 53 42 9- Cook I Crawford 37 37 64 40 48 39 40 ' '"'65 47 2 Cumberland DeKalb 37 56 41 42 30 35 34 39 50 36 37 60 42 54 45 36 31 52 45 47 2 4 DeWitt 7 Douglas 11 DuPage 1 Edgar 12 Edwards 2 Effingham Ford 1 4 Fulton 7 Gallatin Greene 55 83 50 53 54 """75 50 50 78 68 51 60 52 50 54 45 50 42 50 40 40 36 35 45 45 47 51 48 39 44 45 45 46 44 40 50 60 50 50 42 ""4*5 55 66 38 50 61 61 58 50 49 50 40 5 Grundy 1 Hancock 3 Henry 7 Iroquois 8 Jasper- Kane 1 3 Kankakee Kendall Knox 1 3 4 LaSaile 13 Lee 3 Livingston Logan 9 7 McLean 13 Macon 14 Macoupin Madison 3 1 Marion Mercer . 44 ""70 36 62 44 75 60 50 32 52 ""78 44 50 45 37 46 44 51 60 41 32 49 50 47 31 39 40 60 38 65 40 45 60 44 32 42 45 48 45 35 33 33 34 31 38 27 35 39 33 32 29 39 36 31 30 9.935 8, 000 13.484 9,610 8.376 2.920 13, 552 5,200 6,200 200 31,700 2,500 25,400 6,800 841 3 Montgomery Morgan 1 3 Moultrie .. 5 Ogle , 3 Peoria 2 Piatt 4 Pike I Putnam «> Richland 1 Rock Island St. Clair 2 1 Sangamon Schuyler 6 3 Scott and Averages by Counties. Method of Man'fa.ct're Method of Drying. Whole Number of Tile made 1883... Value of Product.. Fuel Used. P 2 a a 3K3 CD 7* P p 00 CD ?o B ■I pa CD GOP CD £ is : ** i "3 ^CD C to 3B P3 cs C* CD ~ c^ ^. CD& i-3 H p CO ; O 1 '■ > HP p CD Q- O CO 0- ; O > a® Q O Cfl O a CD 4 1 1 1 6 2 2 3 5 2 3 5 2 2 7 1 2 3 5 6 2 1 i 2 3 2 1 i 2 4 1 12 3 1 7 1 2 4 6 11 1 10 1 5 5 1 2 7 4 3 1 3 3 11 3 7 7 9 14 3 3 1 3 5 3 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 6 3 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 7 1 2 4 1 7 7 1 13 2 1 400, 000 1,100,000 744, 000 • 4,531,877 415, 000 140, 000 6,000 3,366,829 208, 000 408, 700 547,500 2,750,000 2, 162, 836 2, 508, 600 600,000 1,649,150 207. 784 125, 000 837,508 2,587,000 75, 000 2,163.000 1,200,000 365. 000 1, 762, 358 1,997,410 175, 000 1, 694, 000 375, 000 773,530 890, 127 12,559,00(1 263,500 3,670,161 3,528,005 8, 617, 000 4,867,018 1,098,000 35, 000 20,000 804,500 500, 000 1,384,994 1, 480, 000 897,054 630, 000 1,410,000 180, 000 681,000 19, 000 3,557.900 300, 000 2, 026, 000 73, 000 105. 000 $8, 000 25,500 5,500 118,710 9,088 4,600 300 102, 128 3,500 11,091 11,235 65, 950 48,273 54, 985 16,500 51,899 3,704 762 1,950 250 7,519 178 80 "**i,889 260 340 3, 537 1,360 2,078 500 964 120 15 1,100 5,134 $2 50 1 95 2 00 2 35 2 18 1 60 ""2*24 3 40 2 02 3 57 2 30 2 41 3 65 2 02 1 00 3 00 2 62 1 52 15 75 $2 25 3 00 $1,939 4,025 500, 19,025 1,768 248 60 9,051 884 213 1,598 13, 016 6,891 8,364 1,825 9, 296 547 245 2,885 7,838 75 4,584 3,937 1,785 5,217 7,047 382 3, 472 1,169 3,346 2,522 26,240 1,612 11,410 12,155 27, 194 15, 903 1,763 175 20 3.270 2, 036 6, 975 4,842 3,857 901 5,150 1 1 7 1 1 5 1 670 560 109 30 2,282 '"2*19 2 46 1 05 2 00 2 11 1 1 2 2 213 513 90 1,598 1,276 'Too 1 77 4 25 2 20 2 64 1 2 2 .... 2 .... 1 2 2 1,744 267 100 1 91 1 60 2 00 3 7 2 3 '"3 7 11 1 3 18, 880 52, 700 1,000 151,691 25, 000 6,925 36,449 42,550 3,500 12,800 15,000 15,500 19, 180 184,250 8,258 81,205 93, 579 139, 407 117,813 23,575 926 500 19,325 100 515 75 2 88 1 1 1 1 1,330 1,750 636 2,415 1,658 170 847 425 1,120 1,670 13,058 380 4,162 6,999 10, 880 6,645 425 70 20 1,380 1,123 3,050 1,170 1,284 460 2,105 90 347 2 33 2 25 2 50 2 03 2 52 2 25 3 50 2 75 2 71 1 52 1 94 3 04 2 36 2 04 2 36 1 99 1 36 2 50 1 00 2 04 1 82 1 99 2 67 3 00 1 96 2 44 4 50 3 25 56 130 1,335 3 45 2 42 2 14 1 2 .... 1 1 1 185 3 50 1 6 7 4 11 11 1 1 "3 3 2 3 3 5 2 1 1 1 3 1 80 "3*87 2 1 268 105 625 290 573 1, 082 440 2 43 4 34 2 52 2 82 2 95 2 47 2 69 •"• 2 1 1 .... 1 1 5 "**3 4 "i 3 1 3 2 170 2 65 1 2 .... "2 1 1 27, 200 33, 000 15, 050 18. 700 26,000 15, 000 18, 450 500 58, 062 6,000 54, 000 13,300 2,100 350 770 2 57 2 23 2 .... 2 1 1 300 577 50 10 3 00 2 51 2 00 3 or 1 1,305 2,577 100 7,705 544 9,211 1,054 426 1 1 3,400 435 4,850 690 2 26 1 25 1 55 1 53 i 1 1 1 715 "236 1 1 — 210 2 20 Table I.— • 2 : o a 9 5. E cd ■a o 1-5 p. 3 oB •< O* CD o CO !"J : o : w : B Average Monthly Wages of— H o go TO CD co 3 c^ B Co- •O CD CD "i >s O SB p-b ?£ §1 co cr CD i-J O W £T co Kind of PoWF.it USED. Counties. o hi CD CD M TO B' CD GO W p hi CD co p a- o CD co W O h) co CD GO 3 3 Shelby 5 2 10 15 2 6 1 3 6 10 330 $21,400 15, 000 52,: 00 63,300 5, 000 73,300 700 19, 800 153,500 79.200 31 29 1(»0 105 10 93 5 18 146 116 $40 50 51 40 39 40 $44 45 40 39 39 37 $39 62 41 42 39 54 $31 37 30 28 22 36 $5, 122 6, 048 22, 122 21,993 900 7.980 5 6 6 8 4 7 8 4 21 24 2 13 1 4 26 28 2 3 4 1 i 1 3 3 Stark , 2 Tazewell 7 Vermilion Wabash 11 1 Warren 6 Wavne .... White 35 81 60 ""*44 40 .35 51 42 30 37 33 1,500 69, 499 50.344 6 8 8 2 Will Woodford 7 Totals $2,381,751 3,412 $53 $43 $47 $33 $882,960 7 676 62 268 Continued Method of Man'fact'ke Method of Dkying. — o CD g 11 ■ o CD O ►d o a c o Fuel Used. o £3 5 a CD > c -i EL CO CD B >-s P3 cs CD GOP CD 2" ID 1 : fr GO ^CD C gs SB p CD^ i-3 |S ;' c > H2L or: 3 CD Q O & O a> : ° > ts < tt£L 2 C £* $2 23 3 00 2 37 .2 51 1 78 3 50 2 00 1 56 4 10 2 87 a o DO O CD 2 3 8 2 i 3 1 5 3 2 7 7 6 5 5 5 1 9 11 2 3 1 3 1 6 711,000 2.108,000 3,073,752 2,918,752 110,000 3, 205, 400 25, 000 276,134 5,560,964 5,707,050 $16,150 15, 500 62.255 73,091 2, 100 76,560 400 3,425 169,293 142,550 135 1,320 1,912 2,918 $2 24 2 12 2 34 1 51 950 100 2,033 2,245 160 75 15 517 22 686 $2. 428 1 l 3, 100 9, 223 4 10, 037 285 1 — 2 3,800 2 00 7,900 30 120 4,209 5,242 1 00 2 05 1 18 926 2 1 2 1 3 .... 8,627 8,186 103 227 202 67 12 36 3 9 109, 836, 393 $2, 459, 662 1 122, 736 $2 16 25,281 $2 01 316, 921 12 Table II. Table II relates entirely to the compensation of employes. It shows the number of factories making reports in each county, with the whole number of employes reported, the whole number of fac- tories in each county and the total number of employes, the latter item being computed by ascertaining the average number of employes in the reporting factories in each county, and by multiplying the same by the whole number of factories known to be in operation in that county. It also shows the average monthly wages paid to each of the lour classes of employes, viz : foremen, engineers, burners, and common laborers, the average number of months in operation for all the reporting factories in each county, the total amount of wages reported to have been paid, and a computation, based on the latter item, of the whole amount of wages estimated to have been paid by all the factories of each county and the State. It appears from this table, assuming the estimates therein to be fairly made, that the whole number of workmen employed at ihe 526 factories known to have been in operation in 1883 was 5,495, and that the whole amount of wages paid reached the sum of $1,434,163, being an average per factory of $2,726. The largest number of persons employed at any one factory is 100, the smallest 3, and the average number per factory a fraction over 10. In regard to the wages paid to employes, even of the same class, a great disparity exists. The monthly compensation of foremen varies from $30 to $90, that of engineers from $31 to $60, that of burners from $31 to $65, and the pay of ordinary laborers from $18 to $40. The average wages paid these four classes are, respectively, to foremen $53 per month, to engineers $43, to burners $47, and to laborers $33. An examination of the figures shows that while 18 factories were running for periods of only two to four months in the year, others were operated as "winter factories," that is, their facilities for drying were such as to admit of their working the year round. Still the average number of months worked by all the factories was only 7. Table II. CD £ II 3- CD CD >S ?o ! p 5 ■ a ; o • "*. ; cd' . 03 *5 CD C 73 B s& rt-CD CD >-S fV • CD : B : -a : o ; cS . 03 M O : B • cr • CD ! i ! o 3° CD-« ^£ C B CD <-s C-CD : B Average monthly wages paid to 3 < O CD S3 03 O 3' B °£ CD B 2 ^ g.cp 0' ' Aggregate amount of wages reported paid w 1 ^ Counties. 3 CD B CD p B 13. 5' CD CD *i 03 03 C H B CD "I 03 ir & i-S CD i-t 03 op IS 5.° CD h "° . p : jq . CD . 03 Brown 2 4 i 16 4 2 1 13 1 2 4 4 9 12 1 15 2 1 4 10 2 5 1 4 8 11 1 3 1 3 5 14 3 12 7 15 16 4 1 1 5 1 3 5 3 4 4 1 4 1 3 1 (. 3 1 5 o 25 55 8 153 23 13 3 ld6 7 10 20 59 94 79 10 88 13 6 50 95 10 73 15 '27 70 97 8 38 15 36 63 243 26 112 107 219 145 42 8 4 38 22 52 •15 35 19 45 25 26 6 66 8 84 26 7 31 1 29 3 4 4 18 6 21 36 55 32 172 35 13 $30 47 65 72 39 $45 47 52 47 41 1 $46 48 65 50 52 52 32 41 $31 38 39 31 34 25 26 30 40 26 29 36 33 31 32 31 23 32 36 32 18 33 39 29 37 34 28 32 34 37 33 34 46 35 37 32 34 35 32 5 6 6 7 4 6 3 7 7 5 5 11 6 6 7 6 5 $4,980 12,062 2.500 35.260 3,010 950 300; 18,599 1,82C 1, 158 2.853 27,240 9,907 18,527 3,500 11,369 2,181 $7,171 Bureau *.. Cass 12,062 10,000 Champaign... . 39, 638 Christian 4,580 Clark 950 Clay 1 13 16 130 300 Coles 53 ""37 37 64 40 48 39 40 ""'"65 47 42 22, 810 Cook 1 2 5 4 15 16 2 22 2 1 5 11 3 8 3 6 10 18 1 4 7 10 25 59 123 105 20 129 13 (5 62 105 15 117 45 41 88 159 8 51 1,820 Crawford 1,158 Cumberland 33 56 41 42 30 35 34 39 50 36 37 60 42 54 45 36 31 52 45 47 3,565 DeKalb DeWitt 27,240 16.453 Douglas 24, 624 DnPage 7,000 Edgar 16,665 Edwards 2,181 Effingham Ford Fulton Gallatin 7 3 6 12 4 6 6 3 10 8 7 9 8 6 (i 7 7 7 (> 3 4 6 12 ! 7 5 5 8 12 6 2 Id 7 £ I 4 £ i 8,912 16, 745 10, 150 16, 398 7, 800 6,742 14,981 19, 680 693 7, 029 4,500 6,970 14,442 66,54C 6,355 24, 029 50,783 56,344 42, 781 12,944 700 11,050 18,507 15,225 Greene 55 83 50 53 54 """"75 50 50 58 68 51 60 52 50 54 45 50 42 50 40 40 36 35 45 45 47 51 48 39 44 45 45 46 44 40 50 60 50 50 42 ""45 55 66 38 50 61 61 58 50 49 50 40 26, 281 Grundy 23, 400 Hancock. 10, 237 Henry 18, 833 Iroquois 32,258 Jasper 693 Kane 12.780 Kankakee 4 60 5 60 18. 000 Kendall 11,616 Knox 8 27 5 20 7 17 25 6 3 3 7 2 4 8 4 11 9 3 r, 4 1 12 5 3 12 h 101 469 43 188 107 248 226 63 24 12 53 44 69 72 47 53 101 75 32 6 88 8 168 43 21 74 87 23, 153 128,424 Lee 10,510 40,334 Logan 50,783 McLean 63, 860 66,679 Macoupin. 19,416 Madison 1 2, 100 Marion Mercer 44 ""70 36 62 44 75 60 50 32 52 ""78 44 50 45 37 46 44 51 60 41 32 49 50 47 31 39 40 60 38 65 40 45 60 44 32 42 45 48 45 35 39 62 33 33 34 31 38 27 35 39 33 32 29 39 36 31 30 31 1 37 9,935 9, 000 13.484 9,610 8.376 2,920 i 13,552 5,20( 6,200 200 31,700 2, 500 25,400 : 6, 80( 841 5, 122 i 6, 048 13, 857 Montgomery Morgan Moultrie 18,000 17.892 15, 376 Ogle 11,248 Peoria 8,145 Piatt 30,417 Pike 15, 600 Richland 7, 628 200 Rock Island 42,266 2,500 Sangamon 50, 800 Schuyler 11,247 Scott 2, 522 Shelby Stark 40 50 44 45 12,227 18, 144 14 Table II— Continued. N,!3 6 c •OH si CC <~i & ; O : ^ . o ■ o • ^ ! cc' . cc 2? cc C ■O B s£ 3-cc cc *1 i^o • cc : B ', ts '. o : cc • CC If a 5 * CC B '/.' £ : B : a" • cc ; *■» : ° «3 S| cc cc o B •o cc b ►* c?a : 5 Average monthly wages paid to B^ o cc B "i B-CR CC CC b'» 2°* £s c'o Aggregate amount of wages reported paid Counties. 3 cc B cc p H ti B. 5" cc cc H CC to c <-t B cc <-t CC CD a- 3 cc CO o a 1 5 so CO """' . a : »q : © • cc Tazewell Vermilion — Wabash 10 15 2 6 1 3 100 105 10 93 5 18 13 26 2 8 1 3 10 18 130 182 10 124 5 18 243 209 $51 40 39 40 $40 39 39 37 $41 42 39 54 $30 . 28 22 36 6 8 4 7 $22, 122 21,993 900 7,980 $28, 758 38, 121 900 Warren 10, 640 Wayne White 35 81 60 "44 40 35 51 42 30 37 33 6 8 8 1,500 69,499 50,344 1,500 Will 6i 146 10 116 115. 673 Woodford 90, 706 Totals 330 3412 501 25 5237 258 $2,740 $2,411 $2, 793 $2,048 411 $882,960 $1,366,663 Other Counties 67,500 Totals 330 3112 ....10.3 526 5495 10.4 $882,960 $2,700t $1, 434, 163 Averages $53* $43* $47* $33* 7 $2,726+ * Average per cc t Average per fa >unt 3tor y. y- Tab] JB I] I. Table III has reference specially to the character of the various establishments and the methods made use of both in making and drying. It shows the number of kilns in use in 330 factories, the kind of power used in each, whether steam or horse power, the process of drying employed, whether by natural or artificial heat, or by a combination of both, the description of machines used, whether plunge or augur, and- the total product for the year of the steam and horse power factories respectively. The whole number of kilns for 330 factories is 676, an average of a little more that two to each factory. This would indicate at least 1,100 kilns in the State. Horse power is used in but 61, or less than one-fifth of the whole number of factories reporting in 1883. Many of these announce that during the present year steam power either has been or will be substituted. If we compare the product of the steam and horse power factories we shall find a still lower ratio. The number of tile made by the steam factories was 101,392,228, by the horse power factories 8,444,165, the latter being only 7.7 per cent, (or one fourteenth) of the entire product. The method of dry- ing by natural heat only is employed in 202 factories, steam heat only is used in 37 factories, and furnace heat only, in 12. In 36 both natural and steam heat is employed, in 3, steam and furnace heat, and in 9, natural and furnace heat. In by far the greater number of factories operated during the summer months only, natural heat is the only drying agency employed. ID Table III. "!• «S o ^ CD M ' 0,1-h • P ; ° : o S3 c © o 03 Power Used. Drying Process. How Made. Product of Counties. W o >-i 02 CD CO CD P B as p p CO CD P B 13 P O CD %9 Bl : &° P P CDgp 2 CD c C Steam Power Factories. Horse Power Fact'ri's 2 4 1 16 4 2 1 13 1 2 4 4 9 12 15 2 1 4 10 2 g 1 4 8 11 1 3 1 3 5 14 3 12 7 15 16 4 1 1 5 1 3 5 3 4 4 1 4 1 3 1 6 3 1 4 11 2 33 6 2 1 29 1 2 4 10 14 17 4 18 3 2 5 17 2 10 4 5 16 19 2 7 2 7 9 43 5 23 24 36 38 9 1 1 9 5 9 12 7 4 10 3 6 1 7 3 14 5 2 "2 1 1 4 2 "2 2 4 1 14 3 1 ""9 1 2 o 4 7 1 4 i 2 4 1 400,000 1,100,000 744,000 4,130.877 240, 000 100,000 Bureau l -j i 1 1 "5 Champaign 4J 12* li 3 401,000 Christian 175, 000 Clark iL_. ... 1 1 6 1 40. 000 Clay i 7 16,001/ Coles 1 .... 1 9 2 7 1 2 4 6 11 1 10 1 5 2,976,709 208,000 408,700 385, 000 2,750,000 1,928,836 2,391,600 600, 000 1, 422, 150 207, 784 125, 000 837, 508 2. 090, 000 390, 120 Cook. . 1 Crawford 2 2 Cumberland 4 1 7 7 13 162, 500 DeKalb. l 2 2 1 91 .... 2 DeWitt 3 1 234, 000 Douglas 1 1 o 117,000 DuPage 3 "3 2 1 3 1 12 2 4 7 ""5 1 3 7 8 Edgar 2 227. 000 Edwards 2 1 3 Effingham Ford 1 3 5 2 Pulton 7 3 497, 000 Gallatin 2 3 75,000 1 1 5 1 2 7 4 "3 3 3 11 3 7 9 14* 3 1 2.163,000 1,200,0(10 335, 000 1,682,358 1,774,060 175,000 1, 694, 000 375, 000 773,530 640. 127 11,759.000 263, 500 3, 108, 620 3,528,005 8.479,000 4,757,018 1,078,000 35, 000 Grundy. .'...' 1 3 2 1 7 1 30, 000 Henry 7 11 1 1 6 —j 4 11 11 1 1 80, 000 Iroquois.. . 223,350 Jasper Kane ... 1 It ""3 2 2 1 "i 2 2 ""2 1 3 1 3 4 13 3 9 7 13 14 3 1 3 1 3 5 3 2 4 1 2 1 2 1 6 3 2 """l *"3 3 2 3 1 1 1 Kendall .... 1 3 1 2 3 Knox 250, 000 LaSalle 2 1 800, 000 Lee ... 2 .... 1 5 562,541 McLean.... 3 5 2 1 6 2 1 138,000 Macon 110,000 Macoupin "l 1 20,000 Madison 1 5 "*3 4 "i 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 20, 000 Mercer ... 3 1 3 5 3 1 4 1 2 1 2 i 6 3 710.500 500, 000 1,384,994 1, 480, 000 897, 054 250, 000 1,410,000 180, 000 313, 000 19,000 3.509,900 300, 000 2, 026, 000 730, 000 94,000 1 1 2 1 Ogle T Peoria 3 380, 000 2 1 1 Pike Putnam ... .... 1 2 , 368, 000 Rock Island 1 1 1 48,000 St. Clair 1 1 1 1 Scott 1 105,000 *One of these also uses a plunge machine. < This factory is operated by water power, but for convenience has been classed among the horse power factories. it) Table III- -Continued. co c "B ^2 o ^ 3.0 CD "> •85 ; o : o e B cr CD 1 i-s o ET on POWEE Used. Drying Process. How- Made. Prcduct of Counties. W o 03 CD S" B GO CD S3 5 c D o CD 2 23 P 3 ^ D P : ^ £B o CD £>f it 2 5" a <*; CD > c c Stoam Power Factories. Horse Power Fact'ri's Shelby Stark.. 5 2 10 15 2 6 1 3 6 10 330 8 4 21 24 2 13 1 4 26 28 2 ""*3 4 1 "*i i i 3 3 2 7 11 1 6 5 7 5 1 9 11 2 3 1 3 1 6 2 3 2 7 7 6 536, 000 1, 450, 000 2,328,000 2, 173, 000 60, 000 3,145,400 Tazewell l 175, 000 Vermilion*"" 3 8 2 658, 000 Wabash . . . .".".".' 4 j 745, 752 745 752 Warren l|... 2 50, 000 Wayne White 60, 000 Will....'.". Woodford .. lb "*i 3 ---• 9 3 1 5 103 "5* 5 227 ""263,"334 5, 556, 664 5, 303, 000 25, 000 12, 800 4,300 404, 050 1 268J03I 67i 12 36 3 101,392,228 8, 444, 165 *One of these also tlncluding one fac . IC-nly 329 factories give any information ( uses tory spe< )n tt > ap one ?ifle< lis p lun( rate 3 th oint fern dby e me achi wa thoc ne. ter power. I of drying, that in Effingham county failing to Table IV. i n aFft~^S S«£WS ^tu^the ^^^te^^ffiSJ.*?** in f the -ag- gregate cost of $251 3^9 Zd 18 501 loiTn f°lL°l T h &t an ag " ro^t nf ^Jftnoi Vv,«i • xi i J - y j° UJ - coids or wood at an aggregate cost or $48,024, making the total value of the fuel used 4qq Wt is riflimr Tt 1 e i V r', that , any macc «acy arising from this source Xally h find m a h^ and C ° St ° f - ,/ Uel USed by bo ^ oW we 8 tt BefcW fnr tnn^ RnCe P\ ld per ton for eoal an <* a lower price A marked dHtoJ^Ari ? ^ C ° n l ned to steam factories »S)ne! HlfoT rw aififience exists between the cost of fuel per thousand or zLfoZutmZ*-^ % aVerage *«wn P on the tebte «™ - ? oun *y i, s *'-25, the lowest 52 cents. Much of this vavia m wnicn cases the fuel is charged at the mere cost of production; and at other points slack only is used, which costs very little. The faot also that some makers burn more of the large size lile than others, should enter into the consideration. Table IV. Counties. Brown Bureau Cass Champaign. Christian . .. Clark Coles Cook Crawford Cumberland. DeKalb DeWitt Douglas ... DuPage Edgar Kane Kankakee. Kendall... Knox LaSalle.... Lee Livingston Logan. McLean Macon Macoupin Madison Mercer Montgomery Morgan Moultrie. Ogle .... Peoria .. Piatt.... Pike Putnam Richland Rock Island. St. Clair Sangamon... o < g % o o • < £a g . o o & en a o O • CD : "i Edwards 2 Effingham 1 Ford 41 Fulton Greene 5 Grundy .. Hancock. Henry Iroquois. Jasper... 400, 000 1,100,000 744, 000 4,130,877 240, 000 100,000 2, 976, 709 208, 00D 4(18,700 385, 000 2, 750. 000 1,928,836 2,391,600 600. 000 1,422,150 207,784 125,000 837,508 2, 090, 000 2,163,000 1, 200, 000 335,000 1,682,358 1,774,060 175, 000 1.694,000 375.000 773,530 640, 127 11,759,000 263, 500 3.10X.620 3, 528, 005 8. 479. 000 4,757,018 1,078,000 35, 000 710,500 500, 000 1,384,994 1,480,000 897, 054 25' i, 000 1,410,000 180, 000 313,000 19, 000 3, 509, 900 300,000 2. 026. 000 1 762 1,95< 250 7,204 178 260 340 3,537 1,21 2, 078 500 964 120 15 1,100 4,797 1,330 1,750 500 2,370 1,658 170 847 425 1, 120 1, 200 12, 608 380 3,754 6,999 10, 799 6.645 425 70 1,380 1,123 3,050 1,170 1,284 260 2, 101 90 215 3, 400 435 4,850 $2 50 1 95 2 00 '2 35 2 18 1 60 2 24 3 40 2 02 3 57 2 44 2 41 3 65 2 02 1 00 3 00 2 62 1 52 2 33 2 25 2 50 2 04 2 52 2 25 3 50 2 75 2 71 1 60 1 97 3 04 2 35 1 62 2 3' 1 99 1 36 2 50 2 04 1 82 1 99 2 67 3 00 1 84 2 44 4 50 3 75 2 26 1 25 1 55 $1,905 3,80( 300 16,930 128 4, 235 12, 633 2, 964 5, 014 1,825 1,952 120 45 2,885 7,353 3,098 3,937 1,250 4, 830 4,189 382 2,825 1,169 3, 036 2,022 21,820 1,156 8,813 11,338 25,515 13,223 578 175 2, 820 2, 036 6,075 3,125 3,857 480 5,150 405 806 7, 675 544 7,560 520 400 60 1,790 213 300 90 1,478 1,126 1,434 515 268 105 290 570 879 105 350 770 300 300 50 : 5" Q ocn $2 25 3 00 2 31 2 25 1 50 2 13 1 00 2 00 4 25 2 70 2 58 1 80 1 60 2 00 3 50 3 00 3 50 3 8 2 43 4 34 2 5: 2 82 2 95 2 47 2 67 2 57 2 23 00 2 50 2 00 7151 2 30 1, 315 900 90 ,815 213 600 3,294 3,350 2, 669 427 200 1,486 647 310 "652 456 1,57! 817 1,582 2,172 1,110 "'"289 ""900 1,717 ooo 1,651 $1,939 4, 025 500 18,245 1,288 218 8,050 884 213! 13,016 6,263 $4 85 3 66 67 4 41 5 12 2 18 2 70 4 25 52 3 35 4 73 3 25 8,304| 3 31 1,825 3 04 4,621 547 245 2,885! 7,353 4,584 3, 937 1,338 5,070 6,277 3,472, 1,169 3, 346 2, 022 25, 472 1,612 6 08 10,388 3 34 12, 155 3 37 04 3 25 2 63 1 96 3 44 3 52 2 12 3 28 3 99 3 06 3 54 2 18 2 01 3 12 4 33 3 15 2 09 27. 097 15,395 1,< 175 3, 109 2. 03£ 6,975 4, 842 3,857 480 5, 150 1,305 1,556 100 7,675 544 9,211 3 20 3 24 1 57 5 00 4 38 4 07 5 04 3 35 4 29 1 92 3 65 7 25 4 97 5 26 2 18 1 81 4 54 clud£lTn°^^ Dec, 21. 1833, has not not been in- t One of these made no tile in 1883. 13 Table IV.— Continued, i^ 3 „&J ~> H ^ ~> ^H H ^ez lio o s° o < o 3o %< 3o o ^o CD • CO O Cp 03 o £a P ^ : p p o • as, °CD • < P oco o Counties. "5 ® O OS SB ST B : o • (3 ! » . o ! o . o • CO CD O IS co a CD o : ° '. o • o : p . CD O GO O CD ?P & • c-t- • CO ■ '■■*» , ' ' CD • o : t* O : w : w : ? ' £- • CD P : o ; CD • CD Schuyler 3 730. 000 690 $1 53 $1,054 303 $1,054 1,953 $1 44 3 64 Shelby 3 536,000 135 2 24 700 $2 36 $1,650 Stark 2 7 1,450,000 2,328,000 1,320 1,912 2 12 2 34 2, 800 4,487 100 1,168 3 00 2 51 300 2,935 3,100 7, 422 2 13 Tazewell , 3 19 Vermilion 11 2, 173, 000 2,918 1 51 4,402 1,145 2 77 3,175 7,577 3 49 Wabash 1 6 2 5 60, 000 3, 145, 400 263,334 5. 556, 664 5,303,000 90 75 317 2 00 3 50 1 60 180 262 506 ISO 7,900 626 8,507 6,861 3 00 Warren 3, 800 120 4,149 4.709 2 01 1 00 2 05 1 04 7,638 120 8, 507 4,890 2 27 White 2 38 Will 1 53 Woodford 686 2 87 1,971 1 29 Totals 268 101,392,228 119,406 $2 10 $251,349 19,501 $2 46 $48,024 $299,373 $2 96 Table V. Table V is a compilation of the returns from 184 factories de- signed to show which are the sizes principally in use and demand, and the percentage of each sizes made to the whole. The totals are given by sizes and grouped by counties and the relative quantities of the several sizes are shown by percentages. The results may be summarized as follows; the sizes being arranged in the order of the number manufactured : Size. Number. Percentage of the whole. 4 in^h t.il«. 15,849,431 13.269,055 8, 840, 003 6,390,552 3,265,936 2, 887, 694 1,755,108 1,163,266 310,115 148, 550 114, 806 54,286 15,000 4,458 1,446 54, 069, 706 29 313 per cent. 3 < •24.534 " 5 . « 16.356 " 6 ' « « 11.820 " 8 4 1 " 6.041 " 7 ' 1 " 5.341 " 3% " 3.246 " 2% ' * " 2.151 " 10 ' < " 573 " 3 ' « u 272 " 9 ' ' " 212 " Ifl ' " 104 " 11 . u 027 " 14 ' . •• 008 " 13 « II 002 " T otals 100 per cent. All the firms reporting did not give specific analysis of their product as to sizes manufactured, but a sufficient number did, from sufficiently separated localities to illustrate this point very fully. 19 *©© ©eo r^ CO - '"' »§ CC-" •So" 0Q-- .2d 00 -FH ©©-*© © © © © ©©© © ;COO ;CS© •CM © t^' © 0--L0 3) to re © CM t^- fflCC coac ©Vo'co'i-"©* © © -+• r>- © oo 10 oo«»o to as © iO .— CM lO lo © »*»* ©io'r>* cm'lo" © ©-*©© © ©©©© © ©^©oo OlOOOS ©-*©©© © 00 © © © TP -* LO © © CO t- © © © l0lO©©CM © LO © © CM s§^©s? £- t> CO © — ©© lO©0M © © © 1 - (^ ©©-tcmco © © •—oo © co r-- f^ ^ ©© y?i— i CO — co© ©lO i^ -*© — LO 00 © OS l> © rHr-l CM cm cm © lo cm ©"*i— 1 — 00 — CO — «©lO © — « © © TM-H © © © 00 00 -# 1.^ CM CM © — CM<— — < — © —-co ©©oo©© §©■£©■©• ©1—©©© ©-*•©©© © oo © oo io —■© — ©© CO iO 1- © oo l~ CO OS © © — 1 t- © © iO CM lO © © CM CM 00 © © CM © ©LOCO t^ -rr LO 00 © © ©©r^f^i—i ©©r^© — © © 00 © LO §2 coco © CO — "M © r~©CMCM i-t LO ©-*00l- CM ©Ol«^©00 00©© 00 oo © ©CM© — -*• 00 © l> © OC-hCN ©— 1 S" 5 ©©r^©© ©©©©© -* CM © © © 00 lO©.© — -* ©00 ©©CO Sm°; : r- © ©-TOO-"* LOCO coco s§ CO ©o N d — Lo ©00 © © LO O0 -1< © © f^ © CM -^>looo©co 'TvJ ^J d W L^> ' COCO rrrir-i LO LO CM _-. © Number of factories.. r-l©rHCMCO CO © © -^ CO CM © r-< -"* i— I OlClHi 2 ; c3 • © CO see WO d 3d cl QOO »o CM ■ s . © .2 c of [ — ; a>S s © © r* .2 a © • Ol © OQ'^ "■' I ^ ■~* ize nch. a © © g ©© ©© CM ■ iO CO iO — ©> © ©© US > o © ©© '"" ! © 02 '" o iO 1- 3 CO * ©' 02 - 1 CM ■ -1 OS ■ ~ OOIC oocq ©oi © ©©©©© ©©© oo<>. © ®-g © ©©©©© CO© CO ©©CC ©© o ©— 1©©© S©00 COlO © .2 a CM©C0 OiC s picc-iom © OJ LO ©cr. co i- COlO iO* © w-* CM lOOi— Ol j. ©CM © CM 00 CO © • — ©CM © O •©©© §S2g§ CM©© ^ _ ©•5 o ©© © o ■ © © © ©CO© © o !> OiO o o •©©© ©©t~© © OJ© ©_ CO to- CO CO*©* LO cm • © to io ; CM Ol CM © io co — — ©CS t>" us -r i^co 00 © •©> QO CM © T^J 00 r-ir-(N r-i " oo t- ■-- of OOlC ©©©©© © ©© © ©© © i— i-MX CM © © © iC occcoc <=. © — © © © ©O © lOOl-M lO CM ll ©©© "*iOO: © o>_ © © © i>eoous«n -* © cm ot< cm © © © © © ©00 — ©© oa» '^' ©.©CO IO 00 CMO LO © 00 CO j0 - CO — © 0Q: rt ■"■< CO i— I i^OQCO CMl— 1 CO •o o ©©Tt CMSOOC © — ©©o © © i.O © © l«©r-l CO © oca OC;oc ©©© © © © © Ol © © -r©00 © iO a-f, © © »0 © o> o © © ©© ©©© ©-TP *» CO •2 a 00*iO© r>"of©*io"io ©*©~of©*©* ©*© C0*CM*>0 cm"—* oT © © 00 Si ■"* JO lO QO -M © Ol — OO Ol © CM !^ l- -«<©co CO CO CM 05 "^ NH -r <— ( i— 1 1— i CM-^-T -. © lO © © © © © © ~ cr © © »>• © © -*♦" © — CO © OCT OMOCC ©o© © © © 00 CO © © coio© CO 4 w © ©• © © ©©©©©> ©00^:© OJ CJNO CO c.ca io«cm = icwcf.r. © ©coeocTes r- (^ ^> © © © r^©ooco cc co i- © ©> 00 CO ?) oc ©©© 3 CM 33 -^ o~3 CO 01 1— i © — 'CO CM co ©os c- ©CO "-* >o" ©>© ■© . • ©> . . ■©iO © oo 00— i se © ,d o .© . . ©> ^p ©CM© © ®2 OB o ;© ; j — c^ — t^CMlO ■"1 Ol N fl ©© lO* iO*iO* — CMf>* iO CO »i» Jt< ©.© iO — iO >o 03 ;CM ; « „" OOK ©© — — ©■ © © © 3 ©© iO© © — -*iO IC -" © ©:/ C(N © — © iO < ~ © © "°'*" z: ii0 CO © © io Ol^ © — © © © © © ©-«r i— © -^r ■<»<©© © iO ©lOOl CC — lOiO — r iO ©CiON - £ CO "JO© T -r — S !sg INH lO lO — cc co io © ©•t^OCCN lO lO ©© © Ol 02 -~ CO CO CM CO ir. 1— ©l-H OJ CO ^ — CO* ^ • © . — • © © • • © CM© ■ JO — © © ©© • • •"3" ©> ■ © o cc o © c — ©© • . — Ol ,— 1 .2-5 ,_J CI — ©"i— < ' ■ © © • CO CM IC CM • ; -N 00 • ©> 02 „ iO ; •" ' j£ — T CM — Ol CD -^ © © 1 CM n2 w —c" © .S a OO OQ"- 1—1 CM . Number of _ i-HCMO: COCO— < — r- CM CM CO CO CO ~H i£ CO i-i -* CO^iO "co 00 factories.. - 2*5 : H TD ! <4^ ■ D o c ^ : o o ; C J s 7- P '- C c •— 1 .- i. 5 £ c; r- c « i s ccxi CC I — c £ c 1 r > > O c o CO o EH .*" CD a cd o CO NJ3 21 Table VI. Table VI presents a view of the growth of tile making in Illinois from 1875 to 1884, and the summaries of its present magnitude. The aggregate capital invested, and the aggregate amount of the manufactured product of 380 factories are given by counties, and the presumptive aggregate capital and product of the State are com- puted as in previous tables, assuming the whole number of factor- ies to be 526. From ten counties in which are located 55 factories in all, no reports were received. In the case of these, the computa- tion has been based on the average for the entire 330 factories whose statistics are known. A supplemental list of these counties, with the number of factories in each, is appended to the table. This table then presents the following general results : the amount of capital in- vested in 330 establishments is $2,381,751, and the estimated amount invested in this industry throughout the State is $3,794,000, an aver- age per county of $50,587 or per factory of $7,213. The aggregate product of the 330 factories is 109,836,393 tile, and the computed product for the State 176,962,821 tile, equivalent to 33,516 miles of underground drains. This product, if equally apportioned, would be 1,689,790 tile for each of the counties engaged in this manufacture, and 332,838 for each factory. Counties. Number or Fac- tories in Operation. a> cr . ►* '. *« . CO Aggr'gate Capital reported. Aggr'gate Product reported. Total Capital computed. Total Product computed. In 1875. In 1880. Jan. 1884. Brown 3 4 4 18 6 2 1 16 1 2 5 4 15 16 2 22 2 1 1? 3 8 3 6 10 18 1 4 4 5 8 27 5 20 2 4 1 ■J 2 iJ 1 2 4 4 9 12 1 15 2 I 10 2 5 1 4 8 11 1 3 1 3 5 14 3 12 7 7,800 33,500 6,(100 115,000 15. 800 4,000 1,000 89.00(1 5, 000 7,000 8,000 67, 000 50, 000 47, 950 12, 000 50, 100 7, 000 3. 000 23, 884 73, 184 13,200 37. 750 15.000 21.0 1/ i 25 6 3 3 7 2 4 8 4 11 9 3 5 1 4 12 5 3 12 6 13 26 2 8 1 3 10 18 IS 1(] 4 1 1 5 1 3 5 3 4 4 1 4 3 1 6 3 1 5 2 10 15 2 6 1 3 6 10 123, 30( 104, 60(J 29, 000 5, 000 1,500 18,500 20, 000 27, 500 29, 000 45, 000 8, 000 26, 000 9 000 11,500 2,000 106. 500 10, 000 57, 000 15, 800 8,6i7,00( 4.867,018 1,098, UUC 35, 001 20, 00U 804.500 500, 000 1,384,994 1, 480, 000 897, 054 630. 000 1,410,000 180. 000 681. 000 19,000 3, 557, 900 300, 000 2, 026, 000 730, 000 139.740 163, 438 43,500 15, 000 4,500 25,900 40, 000 36,666 46,400 60, 000 22, 000 58, 500 27, 000 14,375 2,000 142, 000 10, 000 114,000 26,333 6,000 51,360 45, 000 67,860 109, 720 5,000 97,733 700 10, 800 255,833 142,560 Macon ] 9, 765, 933 Macoupin 7,604.716 Madison ] 1,647,000 Marion 105, 000 Mercer 1 ] 60, 000 Montgomery. 1, 126. 300 Morgan 1.000, (tOO Moultrie , 1,846,659 Ogle 2,368,000 Peoria 2 4 1 1 2 1,196,072 Piatt 1.732,500 Pike 1 3, 172. 500 Putnam 540, 000 Richland 851,250 Rock Island 2 2 1 2 19, 000 St. Clair 743,866 Sangamon 1 1 300, 000 Schuyler 4,052,000 Scott 1,216,667 Shelby 1 8 6 3 315,000 Stark 15,000 52.200 63,300 5,000 73,300 700 10, 800 153,500 79.20H 2,381,751 / I 1 , wv 2.108.000 3. 073, 752 2,918,752 110,000 3,205,400 25, 000 276, 134 5. 560, 964 5. 707, 050 1,706,400 Tazewell Vermilion " 1 6, 324, 000 3,995,878 Wabash 5, 059, 170 Warren.. .. 2 110,000 Wayne 4,273,867 White 1 1 1 2 6 25, 000 Will '."" 276, 134 Woodford 9. 268, 273 10, 272, 690 Other counties 24 151 15 501 25 330 109,836,393 3,613,575 180, 425 168,640.771 8.322,050 Totals 24 166 526 330 2,381,75ll 109.836,393 3, 794, 000 176,962,821 TILE FACTORIES IN COUNTIES FROM WHICH NO RETURNS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED, Lake Lawrence McDonough 1 1 6 4 1 5 2 1 Marshall Mason Menard Randolph Stephenson Washington. Whiteside 2 25 — Average per county Average per factory 36,642 7,217 1.689,790 332, 838 50,587 2.359,504 OO™, lOl 23 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS DESIRING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MORE TILE FACTORIES. As an addendum to the foregoing, space is given to the following remarks of correspondents expressive of the need for tile manufac- ture in their respective localities : Prairie Home, Shelby County. "There are no persons or firms engaged in the manufacture of drain tile nearer than seven or eight miles from here, though this country is greatly in need of tile." Hiram Johnson. Kockford, Winnebago County. "There i3 no tile factory in this county, but there is one at Still- man's Valley in the adjoining county. They are making a white and very hard brick at one place in this county, where I think they might make excellent tile." George Tallock. Shiloh Hill, Eandolph County. "Although tile are very much needed in our town, there is no manufacture of the kind here." K. E. Looney. Burkville, Monroe County. "1 am thoroughly acquainted with this county, and I can state definitely that there is not a drain tile made in it, although there are plenty used, and a factory would have all it could do to supply the home demand." J. H. Jaenke. Altamont, Effingham County. "We have no tile factory in our county, but need one very much. I think it a good opening." D. F. Piper. Sterling, Whiteside County. "There is no one manufacturing drain tile in this vicinity, but there is good material to be had for that purpose." J. A. Morgan. 24 Manito, Mason County. ''There are no drain tile manufactured here, and no one in the business, but this would be a splendid locality for it, as there is a great quantity needed." J . A. McComas. • Fredeeicksville, Schuyler County. "There is no drain tile factory in this town, but this is the best location for one in the State. We have a good brick yard and stoneware factory, but no manufacture of tile." J. F. Bellomy. Hillsborough, Montgomery County. "There are no tile factories in this township, and only one that I know of this county, but there is plenty of good material, and a good demand in this locality." Thomas Standring. Donovan, Iroquois County. "We have no manufacture of drain tile in this township, but need one. The farmers are using a great deal of tile brought from other points." John Nelson. Wayne, DuPage County. "We have no tile factory, but there is a splendid chance here for some one to invest in that business." William Arens. Manteno, Kankakee County. "We have no drain tile manufactory in our town, but think one would pay here, as it would have a large tract of country to sup- ply, and tile is very much in demand." John D. Breen. Brownstown, Fayette County, "There is no tile manufactured in this district, but a good firm could do a thriving business." T. S. Washburn. Vandalia, Fayette County. "There is no drain tile made in this county, though we are very much in need of drainage for our lands." Charles L. Dinges. Panola, Woodford County. "No tile manufactured in this town or in the country tributary to it." P. M. Evans. Directory of Drain Tile Makers ILLINOIS, 1884 BROWN COUNTY. Rush, Hersman & Co Mt. Sterling. Mt. Sterling. R. R. Randall & Co Ripley. 3rownCo. Drain Tile Works BUREAU COUNTY. Horatio Churchill Buda. New Bedford. Neponset. Wagner Bros Princeton. Louis Obersehelp A. W. Walton .... Joseph Lyford CASS COUNTY. Campbell & Chapman Cass Sidinsr. Chandlerville. Thomas Finney Virginia. rhomas Dyson Philemon Stout . CHAMPAIGN COUNTY. Beecher & Pratt A.M. Scott Champaign Tile Co W. A. Jones Mortimer Smith Bayless & McKenney James C. Dunning Warner, Morehouse & Co. George A. Fisher Seymour Tile Co Savoy. Champaign. Champaign. Sidney. Homer. Lost Grove. Mahomet. Mahomet. Fisher. Seymour. Tolono Tile Manufactory Laughliu & O'Bryan Burcon Brothers Cook & Beacham B. J. Gifford Connor & Patton John Voss Sulton & Sheldon Tomlinson Tile Factory.. Tolono. Parkville. Philo. Gifford. Rantoul. Rantoul. Thomasboro. Urbana. Tomlinson. CHRISTIAN COUNTY. Scribner, Tobey & Co Assumption. Assumption. Edinburg. Philip Fleigle Morrisonville. Flat Branch Tile Works.... W. C.Sharp & Co Mt. Auburn. Segress & Ogelvie Jesse 3W. Johnson... CLARK COUNTY. Bro , \vn & Rhoades Casey. James E. McCabe Orange. 26 CLAY COUNTY. Abraham Chidester. COLES COUNTY. J.B.Carter Ornm & Webb S. H. Record & Co... Beats &Beals Baker & Renolds William McCandlish Osborne <& Goodell.. U. S. McDonald Ashmore. Cook's Mills. Charleston. Frilla. Hulton. Janesville. Lerna. Lerna. R.H.Olson B. S. Briles . .. Theodore Jan te. Beals & Beals... Mattoon Tile Co G.V.Miller Green Brothers. Lerna. Etna. Mattoon. Mattoon. Mattoon. Mattoon. Oakland. COOK COUNTY. A. C. Bradway Oak Glen. CRAWFORD COUNTY. D.F.Johnson Robinson. Thomas Carrell . Trimble. CUMBERLAND COUNTY. Phillip & Dow Neoga. Toledo. Toledo. Shady Dell Brick and Tile Works L. B. Dunesing Table Grove. Charles Mitchell DE KALB COUNTY. P. H. Nichols. Hinckley. Hinckley. Dietrich & Ebinger . .. Sandwich. JohnT. Kerr W. N. Fairelo Sycamore. ^ DEWITT COUNTY. F. C.Davidson Charles Riehter Jesse S. Davis John Walters J. Major & Son Joseph Neal Bennette & Cross.. Lunday & Wallace Clinton. DeWitt. DeWitt. DeWitt. Farmer City. Farmer City. Hallville. Kenney, Lane Tile Works Geo. W. Thomas & Co Carle & Downing Dick & Chatham Eber Davenport C. J. Seborg&Co Andrew Paulson Lane. Seymour. Wapella. Waynesville. Waynesville. Weldon. Weldon. DOUGLAS COUNTY. Hartford & Bowman Areola. Areola. Areola. Atwood. Atwood. Atwood. Bagdad. R. C. Patterson Camargo. Ervin & Snyder F. W. Hammett Camargo. Eisele & Jacquart Stiles, Robbins & Parish.... Paul & Fields Hindsboro. J. H. Kelly & Sons. Newman. Hawkes & Gross Rutherford & Timmons Hall & Jackson Newman. Mr. Snipes. Tuscola, Louis Graat Martin Brothers Arthur. 27 DUPAGE COUNTY. EDGAR COUNTY. Prospts & Son Tucker Brothers Wilkerson & Miller. . Horace C. Johnston. F. J. Mattox Buckley & Johnson.. Marion Link J. W. Kawlings & Co Morton & Morton — J. & O. Laufman Vermilion Tile Co . . . James Casteel Edgar. Horace. Horace. Horace. Scotland. Paris. Paris. Grandview. Nevins. Oliver. Vermilion. Redmon. J. W. & M. C. Register, J. Jackner A. O. Shauk James Flickner Wm. Culbertson & Son John Mays H. Watson Hamil & Clement R. C. Patterson Thomas Paxton John Paxton Marcellis Keys Peter Wagoner & Co Ames & Wright Roberts Brick and Tile Works.... „. Eggleston & Spalding Caberry. Caberry. Roberts. Gibson City. Paris. Paris. Paris. Paris. Mays Station. Mays Station. Grandview. Brockton. Metcalf. Kansas. Kansas. Baldwinsville. EDWARDS COUNTY. Boven & Beloat Browns. Wheatcroft & Co Grayville. EDWARDS COUNTY. M. Dieterich .' Dieterich. FORD COUNTY. Andrew Jordan Paxton Brick and Tile Co SwanLunburg H. W. Johnson Gibson City. Paxton. Paxton Paxton FULTON COUNTY. T. J. Routh London Mills. Avon. Avon. Cuba. Farmington, Farmington. Fairview, John O'Beer... VanWinkle & Tompkins John Kane Ipava. Randolph Fire Clay Works. Morse & Davis Rapatee. Cuba Brick & Tile Works... P. P. Murray. Table Grove. A. Keeling & Son W. W. Ellis & Son Canton. A. A. Spinney Nathaniel Stubbs D. W. Hettriok Canton. Timothy Morse Astoria. GALLATIN COUNTY. Smith & Summers. Johnson & Co...-. .. Ridgeway Omaha. Equality. GREENE COUNTY. Fire Clay Works White Hall. White Hall. White Hall. Greenfield. Rockbridge. L S. Bushnell Carrollton. Culberston, Smith & Co J John King /... Whitehall. Purdv & Co W. T. Lo wry Roodhouse. Griswold & Stave Green Mattie Sheffield. Green Maddy,.3r. & G. W. Maddy, Jr 28 GRUNDY county. Greigs, Martin & Co H. Burreil&Co Morris. Morns. Martin & Coch ran. Mazon. HANCOCK COUNTY. Garland & Doyle.... win.am Highland..; ;;;•••• R. H . Mouth & Co ""• liie Bowensburg Brick Tile Co Augusta. Augusta. Augusta. Bowensburg. F. D. Lyon & Co Kansomc Ingraham .' Plymouth Brick Tile Co:.*; Hamilton. La Harpe. Plymouth. HENRY COUNTY. H-A. W^hburn. J. B. M-'Hose. Mowbry & Lawes Rankin & Miner Fred. Gunther Galva. Orion. Atkinson. Kewanee. Kewanee. Isaac Cook GeneseoTile Works* a. a. Cook Andrew Westerlund Kewanee. Geneseo. Cambridge. Lynn. IROQUOIS COUNTY. A. M.&C.W. Bishop. S. B. Gray Hamer & Bonfield ■Tames Wild & Son.".; H- Barnes & Co... F.N. Beach Sheldon Tile Works PressedBrickand Tile Co Ash Grove. Goodwin. Iroquois. Gil man. Onarga. Onarga. Sheldon. Caberry. Christopher Anderson. Phawville Tile & Brick Co' Slocum & Lutz John Fernald. J. C. Anderson W.H. Mogg jasper Prutsman";;;;;::;;" ^- Hockett.... Roberts. Thawville. Loda. Wellington. Woodland. Mdlford. Mi If or. I. Watseka, JACKSON COUNTY. JASPER COUNTY. KANE COUNTY. Chris. Solflsbure Benson & GlUett";. £ r or?' Sharp & Wilson .:::;;;; tefcrry. ^^^.* tr ^::;;;h^ e - Hiram Groover Richardson & Curtis! KANK A KE E CO U NT Y . Waldron. Grant Park. B. C. Tnvlor. Deobank & Kankakee City. C] ^™ Kankakee City 29 KENDALL COUNTY. William Wright & Co.. rose ph Tarbox fames Bell Mill brook. Yorkville. Minooka. McGlenn & Doran. Millington Tile Co. Piano. Millington. kno:: COUNTY. V. H. Reason. Yates City. Knoxviile. Galesburg. Galesburg. F. A.. Patten Galesburg. F. P. Totts Abingdon. Jalesburg Pressed Brick & Tile Co Charles Prister & Co J. W. Temple .... Wataga. Victoria. lenrv Miles S. W. Brown Avon. LAKE COUNTY. iloes & Fowler Lake Bluff. LA SALLE COUNTY. lolly & Co Robert Unzicker rohn Sweeley rohn Crotty William Munson r. A. Conger LT.Grift'en lames Reynolds & Co lichey & Holland 31ark& Wiswall Hears & Brothers Jharles Wiswall HcShane Brothers ^hilo Barber & Sons Dwin City Brick & Tile Co.. LiaSalle Drain Tile & Brick Co Peru. Peru. Seneca. Seneca. Fredonia. Earlville. Utica. Utica. Lowell. Lowell. Vermilionville. Vermilionville. Lostant. Lostant. LaSalle. LaSalle. StreatorTile Co Parker Tile Works Hardscrabble Brick & Tile Co A. E. & E. D. Howland Green Brothers George Stare E. D. Terry Long Brothers Jonas Lehman Am brose Tr umbo Hess& Williams OttawaFire Clay &Brick Co Smith, Demey & Gileb Jacob Hagi Streator. Streator. Streator. Farm Ridge. Dayton. Alendota. Millington. Marseilles. Marseilles. Ottawa. Ottawa. Ottawa. Triumph. Ransom. LAWRENCE COUNTY. !ox & Schmallhousen Bridgeport, LEE COUNTY. rohn Wightneuk of Clinton, III Drotty.Doane & Fish Amboy. Franklin Grove John Lamon & Co Franklin Grove Dixon Brick & Tile Co Dixon. North Dixon Brick ^'iiieColNorth Dixon. 30 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. H. C. Brunei- Pontiac. Adams & Custer Pontiac. H. J. Straight Fairbury. J. W. McDowell Fairbury. Widdefleld Brothers | Fairbury. Barnes & King i Fairbury. J. M. Travis iFairbury. Francis Brothers Fairbury. D. H. Snyder & Son ..'Cornell Shaw & Myers . ICcrnell. Saunemin Tile Works ISaunemin. L. Powers J. B. Robinson & Ct> William Armitage McKee&Gallup Henry Leidentop Pratt Brothers W. S. Marshall & Co Forest Centennial Brick and Tile Factory A. H. States Ambury Tile Factory Weston. Flanagan. Odell. Dwight. Budd. Cropsey. Forest. Forest. Long Point. Adams. LOGAN COUNTY. W. S. Snyder & Sons... Lincola Coal Mining Co J. H. Donson R. Brant Latham. Lincoln. Atlanta. Atlanta, Samuel Baker & Co Lundy & Wallace. . D. Van Hise Chestnut. Kenney. Mt. Pulaski. MCLEAN COUNTY. Pike&Castle Joseph Borland R. Wirt&Co O. M. Rowe&Co Oliver Tilbury A. W. Skinner.. S. W. Baker Bertells& Stoll N. B. Heufer&Co Cook & Pratt Brothers Chenoa. Randolph. Saybrook. Saybrook. Towanda. Hudson. Dan vers. Lexington. Bloomington. Cropsey. Kelley & Zenor George Hainan Fuuk's Grove Tile Factory Stoops & Pochel P. Buckles Vasey & Fuller R. & B. F. Fencetermaker. Finch Brothers Power & Dillon LeRoy. LeKoy. Funk's Grove. Colfax. Delano. Belleflower. Ellsworth. Padua. Weston. MACON COUNTY. Christopher Brothers &| Danir Martin & Gillen L. C. Farnum & Co Connagham Brothers William Traver , Decatur Tile Co , Wm. H. Martin Riser Brothers H. C. Johns & Son Conrad Ammann Roach, Cann & Co John Robinson Brown & Starr Hill & Coleman. Macon. Wheatland. Niantic. Niantic. Decatur. Decatur. Decatur. Decatur. Decatur. Decatur. Decatur. Cerro Gordo. Cerro Gordo. Boody. Benjamin McGuire Black Brothers & Co. .. George Kepler & Son... J. E. Davis D. W. Garver Riser Brothers Queney & Myers S. W. Jones R. F. Morrison C. E. Bosworth & Sons . E. E. Lemon W.H.Long W. H. Stoutenborough.. George Coopers Harristown. Warrensburg. Warren sburg. Mount Zion. Mount Zion. Argenta. Argenta. Oreana. Oreana. Blue Mound. Blue Mound. Maroa. Maroa. Maroa. MARSHALL COUNTY. Joseph Skinner Wenona. Sparland. T. J. Brasfield Henry. J. W. McLanahan Kennedy & Clemens Varna. MACOUPIN COUNTY. John W. Utt Girard Coal & Tile Co J. W. Maxfield& Co... Virden. Girard. Bart's Store. Liston & Harris Robert Tucker.. J. W. Whitloek. Carlinville. Palmyra. Scottville. ol MADISON CCUNTY. AY. H. Bowls Highland Tile Works. Alton. Highland. Mr. Gottschalk. Alton Junction. MARION COUNTY. Cook. Barndt& Woodward. M. Hockdoef er Odin. Center City. T. M.Woods &Bro. Central City. MERCER COUNTY. Townsley & Braucht Griff en Brothers — B. F. Townsley Griff en Brothers Joy. Griffen. Aledo. Cable. James Stephenson. Andrew Westerland F. A. Griffen &Bro. New Boston. Swedona. New Windsor. MENARD COUNTY. Sanford Brothers. Snell & Rowe Tallula. Tice Station. C. Clark. Athens. MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Litchfield Tile Co. SouthLitchfield C. C. Sullens. Litchfield. MORGAN COUNTY. Henry M. Whitire — William Taylor & Co Jacksonville. Waverly. William P. Craig — C S. & A. L. French. Woodson. Chapin. MOULTRIE COUNTY. James A. Gregory. C. L. Roane M. L. Lowe John R. Martin Lovington. Sullivan. Sullivan. Nelson. Wilkinson Brothers. John Cook Edminston Brothers Bethany. Bethany. Dalton City. M'DONOUGH COUNTY. Bradbury, Shoup & Leard. . Prairie City. Bushnell Fire Clay & Tile Factory Bushnell. 82 OGLE COUNTY. Stillman Valley Tile & Brick Factory George French Stillman Valley. Polo. William Stockey... llochelle Union Co E. Hille&Co llochelle. llochelle. Rochelle. PEORIA COUNTY. W. L. Miller & Sons Mr. Knees Monica Factory — Loth Murst R. J. McCuilough Monica. Monica. Monica. Bartonville. Hanna. O. H. Heliney IBrimfteld. William Hodson. .T.Hart Ephriam Tucker. John S. Tucker .. William Connelly Brimfleld. Brimfleld. French Grove. French Grove. Richmond. PIATT COUNTY. Clemens Brothers. Ainsworth & Hyatt H. L. Adams J. A. Bender & Co. Mansfield. Cisco. Monticello. Monticello. Kiatz & Ammann Gaunts & Bowsher.., Williamson Brothers Elcock & Co Monticello. DeLand. Lodge. Bement. PIKE COUNTY. PUTNAM COUNTY. Mills Brothers W. B. Mills & Brothers Clear Creek. Mt. Palatine. Harkness, Hayslip & Co. Robert Hinds Granville. Putnam. RANDOLPH COUNTY Finney & Johnson Chester. RICHLAND COUNTY. Clem Brothers. ROCK ISLAND COUNTY. H. & C.F.Fullerton. Argillo Works Hampton. Carbon Cliffs. Theodore Simmons. H. C. Wylie Andalusia. Indalusia. £3 ST. CLAIR COUNTY. Gooding & Stookey. SANGAMON COUNTY. D. W. Stookey Bennett & Barbre H. Dawson & Son J. E. DeShara & Co Speed Butler R. E. Morse The Auburn Coal and Tile Co Buffalo. Meehanicsb'rg. Springfield. Springfield. Springfield. Auburn. Auburn. GeorgeGillen Baldridge Brothers Majonnier & Ulrich Elijah Farnham Joseph Barth Moses Flanders.. David Tmitt Graybill & Stuart Aaron Small John Stewart J. N. Steward Shelbyville. Shelbyville. Shelbyville. Shelbyville. Shelbyville. Shelbyville. Cantrall. Illiopolis. Lanesville. (Spri'gfi'ld p.o. Buffalo Hart. Salisbury. SCHUYLER COUNTY. John McCabe & Son Rushville. Ray. Ray. Rufus Porter Ray. C. M. Erwin Ernig & Co Proctor & Co Sheldon's Gr. SCOTT COUNTY. Newton J. Smith & Bro Manchester Drain Tile Co . . Vlsey. Manchester. Coons Brothers & Co Winchester. SHELBY COUNTY. S. E. Spraker Brown & Shade J. N. Corrington & Co MoawequaTile Co ... Flat Branch Tile Co.. P. Christopher & Co.. Windsor. Windsor. Moawequa. Moawequa. Moawequa. Prairie Bend. STARK COUNTY. Samuel White W yomingunck and Tile Co. LaFayette. Wyoming. R. G. McCullough. W.H.Gray Wyoming. Wyoming. TAZEWELL COUNTY. Smith & Co Hope. Elm Grove. Pekin. Pekin. Pekin. Morton. Morton. Washington. Hobart & Franklin Williams & Tuttle Delavan. 0. C. Youne: Fulamore. W. A. Glotfelter Menier. H. W. Srai'ii Wm. Brennerman & Co E. L. Hay Hopedale. Snyder & Jansen Rapp brother* . Silly. John Mickins Silly. George W. Detler Smitzer & Bayles G. Stafford Armington. P. L. Buckles Delana. —3 34 UNION COUNTY. C. Kilpatrick VERMILION COUNTY. Thomas Armstrong Ford & Conkrite William Thomas W. S. Graves & Brother Bennett & Moore David Smith Fetters & Lawrence Mendenhall Brothers .. John Dukes & Son Reuben Young J. Goonine J.T. Amos Woods & Songer James Butts Rossville. Rossville. Rossville. East Lynn. Hoopeston. Ridge Farm. Ridge Farm. Ridge Farm. Westville. Potomac. Higginsville. Danville Danville. Hope. Mr. Armstrong G. W. Cunningham & Bro.. Woods & Songer Lewis Williams W. H. Adams Gray Brothers Cannaday & Vanneman W. J. Mann J. M. McCabe Ira Babb Conrad Frederick J. L. Marsh David Smith & Sons John G. Canaday '. Penfleld. Bismark. Tilton. Alvan. Indianola. Sidell Grove. Archie. Fairmount. Fairmount. Long. Muncy. Vermilion. Vermili'n Grove Georgetown. WABASH COUNTY. W. L. Tilton Mt. Carmel W. P. Beeseley Linn WARREN COUNTY. Monmouth Sewer Pipe & Monmouth. Monmouth. Daniel Bird Roseville. Drain Tile Manfg Co Balding & Edwards Ellison. Monmouth Manufacturing T. Townsley Alexis. & Mining Co Henry C. Mills. .. Henderson Gr. WASHINGTON COUNTY. Henry Kliebecker Nashville WAYNE COUNTY, John Curry, Fairfield. WHITE COUNTY. Arthur Meade & Co.. Rudolph & Williams. Carmi. Crossville. Welch & Sons W.J. Wheatcroft. Enfield. Grayville. 35 WILL COUNTY. Ernest Renne M. D. Kenney Northwestern Tile Co. Joliet Mound Co Joliet Tile & Brick Co Bannon Brothers Opte. Wilmington. Joliet. Joliet. Joliet. Joliet. ElwoodTile Co.... R. Bellfield Manhattan Tile Co Plainfield Tile Co.. Conkling& Co Elwood. Naausay. Manhattan, Plainfield. Braidwood. WOODFORD COUNTY. Geddeman. Murray & Co Frank Darst F. A. Cook A. C. Cook Stephenson & Eveland. . Benjamin Stinpert John MoWhinuey M.T.Ames Eureka. Eureka. Secor. Secor. Low Point. Low Point. Low Point. Minonk. P. A. Moore Peter Kennell Andrew Wilts Herron & Leonard Robert McCulloch. Edward Stevens... E. S. Fursman E. Stephens Roanoke. Roanoke. Metamora. Metamora. Washburn. Washburn. El Paso. Linn.