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IN MEMORIAM 
 William Frederick Poole 
 
 BORN DECEMBER 24, 1821 
 DIED MARCH I, 1804 
 
 Chicago Literary Club 
 
 1894 
 
THIS Memorial of our late fellow mem- 
 ber and ex-president, William Fred- 
 erick Poole, was read at the meeting of the 
 Club, on Monday evening. May 21, 1894, and 
 ordered printed and copies sent to the mem- 
 bers of the Club. 
 
 Frederick W. Gookin, 
 
 Recording Secretary. 
 
WILLIAM FREDERICK POOLE,^LL.D. 
 
 DR. WILLIAM FREDERICK POOLE 
 was born in Salem, Mass., on the 24th 
 day of December, 1821. He was of Puritan 
 ancestry, a descendant, in the eighth genera- 
 tion, from John Poole, who emigrated from 
 England to Cambridge, Mass., in 1632, his 
 name being found (with those of Thomas 
 Dudley, Symon Bradstreet and five others) 
 among the first settlers of that place, then 
 called " Newtown." John Poole was granted 
 land in Reading and was probably the 
 wealthiest of the early settlers there. He 
 lived in what is now known as Wakefield, on 
 the site of the great rattan factory now there 
 located. His son. Captain Jonathan Poole, 
 captain of the Reading Military Company, 
 was distinguished in King Philip's Indian 
 War and was president of a council of war 
 in 1675-6. He was selectman, justice of the 
 peace and representative. 
 
 The father of William F. Poole was Ward 
 Poole (a descendant of Captain Jonathan 
 
Poole of Reading), a wool merchant of Salem, 
 Mass., who resided in that part of Salem which 
 subsequently became part of Danvers, then 
 South Danvers, and finally Peabody. The 
 family homestead, in which William F. Poole 
 was born, still stands on Main Street in Pea- 
 body, not far from the boundary line of 
 Salem. The mother of William F. Poole 
 was Eliza Wilder, daughter of Abel Wilder 
 of Keene, N. H. William F. was the second 
 son of a family of six sons and one daughter. 
 He attended the common school of his native 
 town until twelve years of age, when he went 
 to Keene, N. H. Before leaving school he 
 had acquired a good knowledge of English 
 branches, and some of Latin and advanced 
 mathematics, — the latter acquired by study 
 outside of school hours. During the year 
 in which he remained in Keene his father 
 removed to a farm at Worcester, Mass., and 
 he there engaged for a year in the work of 
 farming. 
 
 When about seventeen years of age, his 
 mother, believing in his capacity for attain- 
 ments of a high order, resolved that he should 
 receive a liberal education, and in the fall of 
 
1839 he entered Leicester Academy for the 
 purpose of preparing for college Here he 
 was later an assistant teacher, and in 1842 
 he entered the freshman class at Yale College. 
 His studies were, however, interrupted dur- 
 ing his first year from financial causes, and 
 he was obliged to leave college and engage 
 in teaching in order to secure the means to 
 continue his studies. 
 
 After three years spent in teaching he 
 returned to college, entering the sophomore 
 class in 1846, and graduating with honors in 
 1849. Among his classmates and life-long 
 friends were President Timothy Dwight of 
 Yale College, and President Franklin W. Fisk 
 of the Chicago Theological Seminary. 
 
 Dr, Poole was married in 1854 to Miss 
 Fanny M. Gleason, who survives him. His 
 son, William Frederick, was graduated at 
 Yale in the class of 1891. 
 
 In June, 1847, during the latter part of his 
 sophomore year, he accepted the position 
 of assistant librarian of the Society of 
 **Brothers-in-Unity," which had a library of 
 about ten thousand volumes. By this his life 
 profession was determined. Shortly there- 
 
after he began the preparation of an index to 
 reviews and periodicals in the library to aid 
 the students in the preparation of their essays 
 and exercises. When he first entered the 
 library, and before the beginning of his work 
 on the index, the young librarian, after the 
 announcement of topics for essays, which was 
 made in chapel, was beset by the students 
 with requests for references to required 
 authorities, and he soon began the practice 
 of making out lists of references to all acces- 
 sible articles relating to the topics given, 
 posting the same in the library as soon as 
 possible after the topics were announced. 
 This involved considerable labor, but it made 
 clear the value and utility of a general index 
 to the periodicals, the preparation of which 
 was then begun. Thus was laid, in a modest 
 way, the foundation for that monumental 
 work, " Poole's Index to Periodical Liter- 
 ature." Thus, also, was shown at the begin- 
 ning of his career one characteristic which 
 distinguished Dr. Poole throughout his life, 
 namely, — a limitless devotion and self sacri- 
 fice in opening to others the sources of 
 knowledge and the riches of literature. The 
 
index to the periodicals in the Society Library 
 proved of great value to the students, and 
 the desirability of printing it became obvi- 
 ous, and by arrangement with George P. 
 Putnam, of New York, it was published in 
 octavo form, making a book of 154 pages. 
 In a short time the whole edition was sold 
 and another one was called for. The last 
 year of his college life, as well as the year 
 after his graduation, was largely given to the 
 preparation of the second edition of the 
 " Index," and it was printed in an octavo 
 volume of 531 pages in 1853. 
 
 It will thus be seen that in addition to the 
 work required in his classes, he did the 
 greater part of the work on the first and 
 second editions of the " Index " during the 
 three last years of his college life, and the 
 energy and enthusiasm which he put into his 
 work will be understood when it is stated that 
 he was graduated with honors, and that his 
 scholarship was recognized by his election to 
 the Phi Beta Kappa Society. It is said that 
 during the preparation of the first edition of 
 the " Index," he would frequently work 
 among the books in the library until an early 
 
hour in the morning, and then, throwing him- 
 self on a table, without undressing, he would 
 snatch a few hours of sleep. 
 
 In 185 1 he entered the Boston Athenaeum 
 as Assistant Librarian, and in 1852 was ap- 
 pointed Librarian of the Boston Mercantile 
 Library, where he remained for four years. 
 Here he prepared a catalogue of the library 
 on a new plan, and one which has since been 
 widely followed, and is known as the " Dic- 
 tionary Catalogue," or " title-a-line" plan. 
 In this, as in all matters in life, he showed 
 that love for simple and direct methods which 
 distinguished him in his profession. In this 
 catalogue the authors' names, title and sub- 
 jects were arranged in one alphabet, and each 
 entry occupied a single line only, — a plan the 
 value of which is obvious and has been gen- 
 erally recognized. This catalogue was a 
 book of 322 pages, and covered about sixteen 
 thousand volumes, and was printed in 1854, 
 two years after he took charge of the library. 
 
 In 1856 he was elected Librarian of the 
 Boston Athenaeum, a position which he held 
 until January, 1869. Here, among associ- 
 ations most conducive to literary effort, in 
 
daily intercourse with the most brilliant and 
 cultivated minds of America, and in the full- 
 est development of his powers, he accom- 
 plished the principal part of the literary work 
 on which his fame as a writer and a historian 
 rests. He was, from his connection with 
 libraries, all his life in relations of intimacy 
 with the men and women famous in modern 
 American literature; but the period of his 
 librarianship of the Athensum was one rich 
 in literary production, and for the famous 
 group of literary celebrities the library was a 
 common and familiar meeting place. Artists, 
 authors, statesmen, journalists, and the cul- 
 ture and wealth of New England sought con- 
 stantly the stores of literary treasures found 
 in the library, and in the librarian was found 
 a key to the storehouse. The librarian sat 
 in an alcove surrounded by the books which 
 had formed President Washington's private 
 library; from the library windows could be 
 seen the homes of the Quincys and of Pres- 
 cott, the historian. Beyond the Old Granary 
 Burying Ground rose the spire of Park Street 
 Church; nearby were the State House, Boston 
 Common, and Ticknor & Fields' famous pub- 
 
lishing house. Here he met and was in 
 familiar intercourse with men whose names 
 are famous in American literature: Long- 
 fellow, Emerson, Lowell, Holmes, Ticknor, 
 Charles Francis Adams the elder, Francis 
 Parkman, Samuel Eliot, and James T. Field 
 were frequent visitors. These were the days 
 of the "Autocrat" and the "Professor." It 
 was the golden age of the ''Atlantic Monthly," 
 and its younger contributors, Henry James, 
 Jr., T. B. Aldrich, H. E. Scudder, W. D. 
 Howells, F. J. Stimpson and others fre- 
 quented the library and often sought the aid 
 of the librarian. The coterie of writers for 
 the "North American Review" were fre- 
 quently found at the library and welcomed 
 the librarian among them. The library was 
 a common meeting place of Ralph Waldo 
 Emerson, Bronson Alcott, and his daughter, 
 Louisa M. Alcott, the Hoar Brothers, Judge 
 and Senator, and others of the Concord group. 
 At the long table in the library Hildreth 
 wrote most of his "History of the United 
 States;" and the younger Adamses, James 
 Schouler and Henry Cabot Lodge, as young 
 men, were then pursuing their historical 
 
studies, and frequently sought the assistance 
 of the Hbrarian. 
 
 The more important historical works of 
 Dr. Poole, published during this period of 
 his life, were: "The Popham Colony," a 
 discussion of its historical claims, with a Bib- 
 liography of the subject, published in 1866; 
 a reprint of "The Wonder-Working Provi- 
 dence of Zion's Saviour in New England," 
 with an historical introduction by Dr. Poole, 
 published in 1867; **The Popham Colony," 
 printed in the " North American Review," 
 October, 1868 ; "Anne Bradstreet, the Early 
 New England Poetess/' in the " North Amer- 
 ican Review, '^ 1868; and "Cotton Mather 
 and Salem Witchcraft," in the " North Amer- 
 ican Review" for April, 1869. 
 
 In January, 1869, Dr. Poole resigned from 
 the position of librarian of the Athenaeum and 
 became a professional expert for the organi- 
 zation of libraries. Among those that he 
 had under his charge at this time were the 
 Bronson Library, at Waterbury, Conn.; the 
 Athenaeum, at St. Johnsbury, Vt.; the Naval 
 Academy Library, at Annapolis, Md. ; and 
 the Public Libraries of Newton, Mass., East- 
 
hampton, Mass., and Cincinnati, Ohio. His 
 connection with the Cincinnati PubHc Library, 
 as organizer and librarian, continued from 
 November, 1869, to January, 1874, and during 
 this time he selected the books for and put 
 into operation the Indianapolis Public Library. 
 The building for the Cincinnati Public Library 
 was begun a short time before he went to Cin- 
 cinnati, and the building was occupied in 1870. 
 The library contained about twenty-two 
 thousand volumes at that time, and had 
 grown when he left it, in 1874, to about sixty 
 thousand volumes. When he assumed charge 
 of the library a new catalogue was begun, 
 and this was finished in 187 1, making a book 
 of 656 pages. His work in the reorganiza- 
 tion and development of this library, as well 
 as in the preparation of its magnificent cata- 
 logue, was such as to command the respect 
 and admiration of all familiar with the facts. 
 It was while in Cincinnati that Dr. Poole's 
 attention was called to Dr. Manasseh Cutler 
 and his services in furthering the develop- 
 ment and settlement of the Northwest Ter- 
 ritory, and this led to the preparation of his 
 article entitled "The Ordinance of 1787 and 
 
Dr. Manasseh Cutler as an Agent in its 
 Formation," which was published in the 
 ''North American Review," for April, 1876. 
 
 On the 25th day of October, 1873, Dr. 
 Poole was elected librarian of the Chicago 
 Public Library. It requires trained skill of 
 a high degree to organize successfully a great 
 library. The Directors were fortunate at the 
 beginning in securing the services of the 
 most eminent librarian in the United States 
 to take charge of the library through the 
 first fifteen years of its organization. 
 
 During his connection with the Chicago 
 Public Library he entered into the undertak- 
 ing of bringing down to date the "Index to 
 Periodical Literature," of which the first and 
 second editions had been largely prepared 
 while he was still a student in college. This 
 work was a stupendous one, owing to the 
 great mass of periodical literature which had 
 meanwhile been printed, and the magnitude 
 of the undertaking would have appalled a 
 man possessing less force of will than Dr. 
 Poole. He sought and obtained the co-oper- 
 ation of the librarians of a number of Ameri- 
 can and English libraries. Every article 
 
indexed was read through in order to deter- 
 mine accurately the subject treated. In his 
 work on the *' Index " he was assisted by Mr. 
 William I, Fletcher, of Amherst College, as as- 
 sociate editor; but Dr. Poole himself examined 
 and corrected the proof sheets of every page 
 of the " Index." The "Index" was printed 
 in a royal octavo volume of 1469 pages, a 
 book equalling in size Webster's Unabridged 
 Dictionary, and one which now stands beside 
 the latter at the hand of every student or 
 scholar. The work of indexing was con- 
 tinued to cover the contents of periodicals as 
 they appeared after the third edition of the 
 "Index" was printed, and in 1888 the first 
 "Five Year Supplement," of 496 pages, was 
 published by Dr. Poole. A second supple- 
 ment, edited by Mr. William I. Fletcher, ap- 
 peared in 1893. 
 
 In 1887 the bequest of Walter L. Newberry 
 for the founding of a great library in Chicago 
 became available, and in August of that 
 year Dr. Poole was called upon to undertake 
 the formation of the Newberry Library. The 
 bequest of Mr. Newberry afforded a founda- 
 tion of the munificent sum of three million 
 
dollars, and Dr. Poole decided, with the con- 
 sent of the trustees, that the library should 
 be primarily a scholar's reference library. 
 This plan was strictly adhered to during the 
 remainder of his incumbency, which ended 
 with his life, and the library under his man- 
 agement soon rivalled the older libraries of 
 the country, and in some departments became 
 more complete than any other in America. 
 
 From the time of his earliest library work, 
 Dr. Poole was an earnest student of library 
 economy and administration, and as his life 
 covered practically the period in which the 
 occupation of librarian grew into a recognized 
 profession, the methods suggested and put 
 into practice by him have been generally 
 adopted and followed. He contributed many 
 papers on the subject of library economy, 
 and his writings on the subject of library 
 architecture are widely known. His paper 
 on the " Organization and Management of 
 Public Libraries " was printed by the govern- 
 ment in the "Report on Public Libraries," 
 issued by the Bureau of Education in 1876, 
 and one entitled " The Public I^ibrary of Our 
 Time," appeared in the " Library Journal " 
 
in 1888. His plans are described and com- 
 mended in the article on library construction 
 in the Encyclopedia Britannica, and have 
 been adopted in the new building for the 
 Newberry Library in Chicago. 
 
 In the promotion of associated work among 
 librarians, by which the cause of libraries has 
 been greatly assisted, Dr. Poole has taken a 
 prominent part. He was a member of the 
 first library conference, held in New York 
 in September, 1853. At this meeting the 
 "Jewett" rules for cataloguing libraries 
 were for the first time considered, and the 
 exchange of catalogues among libraries initi- 
 ated. He was one of the founders of the 
 American Library Association, which was 
 organized at Philadelphia in 1876; was Vice- 
 President of the same 1876-84, and President 
 1885-87; and was one of the American repre- 
 sentatives at the International Conference of 
 Librarians, held in London in October, 1877. 
 He was Vice-President of this conference, and 
 delivered an address which was received with 
 approval by the foreign press. He was also 
 President of the Western Library Association 
 from 1 88 1 to 1884. 
 
 18 
 
Dr. Poole's historical work began with his 
 paper on the " Popham Colony," which was 
 published in Boston in 1866. This paper 
 was a criticism, somewhat caustic in its char- 
 acter, upon an address by Prof. J. W. Patter- 
 son, delivered at Popham, Maine, in 1865, on 
 the occasion of the anniversary of its first 
 settlement. In a memorial volume published 
 in 1862, and in Dr. Patterson's address, claims 
 were made that the settlement of Maine by 
 the Popham Colony was earlier than that of 
 Massachusetts; and in his paper Dr. Poole 
 refuted the claims of the '• Pophamites " 
 regarding the time of settlement, and the 
 character of the colonists, holding that the 
 latter were not of a kind to be proud of. 
 This paper led to an extended controversy, 
 in which the Rev. Edward Ballard, D. D., 
 the author of the memorial volume, and Mr, 
 Frederick Kidder, took part. Dr. Poole's 
 final paper in the controversy was printed in 
 the "Boston Advertiser" of May 31, 1866. 
 Two years later he published an article on 
 the same subject in the " North American 
 Review" for October, 1868. 
 
 His researches and papers on the subject 
 19 
 
of Cotton Mather and witchcraft in Salem 
 were largely instrumental in giving him dis- 
 tinction as an historical writer and critic. 
 His first paper on this subject was called out 
 by the appearance of the " Mather Papers " 
 in the collections of the Massachusetts His- 
 torical Society, Volume VHI, Fourth Series. 
 This paper was printed under the title *' The 
 Mather Papers: Cotton Mather and Salem 
 Witchcraft," at Boston in 1868. In 1831 
 Mr. Charles W. Upham had printed his lec- 
 tures on Salem witchcraft, in which Cotton 
 Mather was charged with being the principal 
 instigator of the proceedings against those 
 accused of witchcraft. These charges had 
 been repeated in Quincy's " History of Har- 
 vard University," in Peabody's " Life of 
 Cotton Mather," and by Mr. Bancroft and 
 other historical writers, and had been copied 
 into all of the popular and school histories. 
 He pointed out the evidence found in the 
 Cotton Mather papers as establishing a con- 
 trary view, and vigorously defended Mather 
 and his fellow Puritans. Mr. Upham an- 
 swered the paper and the discussion created 
 great interest among all students of New 
 
England history. James Russell Lowell, 
 then editor of the " North American Review," 
 shortly after wrote to Dr. Poole, saying: "I 
 know very well that you have not said all 
 you know about witchcraft, and I want you 
 to write an article for the ' North American.' " 
 His second paper on the subject was printed 
 in the " North American Review " for April, 
 1869. The views expressed by him on this 
 subject have been generally accepted by later 
 historians. His vigorous defense of the char- 
 acter of the Puritan leaders of the New Eng- 
 land Colony, of whom Mr. Quincy has said, 
 "The guilt of the excesses and horrors con- 
 sequent on that excitement rests, and ought 
 to rest, heavily upon the leading divines and 
 politicians of the Colony at that period," was 
 received with hearty approval, and the unerr- 
 ing logic of these papers, with their clear, 
 incisive and brilliant style, established his 
 reputation as an historical writer. He made 
 a further contribution to the history of witch- 
 craft in " The Witchcraft Delusion of 1692, by 
 Gov. Thomas Hutchinson, from an unpub- 
 lished manuscript; with notes by William F. 
 Poole," which was published in the "New 
 
England Historical and Genealogical Reg- 
 ister" for October, 1870, and he prepared the 
 chapter on "Withcraft in Boston" for "Win- 
 sor's Memorial History of Boston," Volume H. 
 
 Another important historical paper pre- 
 pared by him was the introduction of 139 
 pages to Johnson's "Wonder Working Provi- 
 dence," which was reprinted in 1867. His 
 paper on ''Anti-Slavery Opinions Before 
 1800," published at Cincinnati in 1872, con- 
 tained the results of researches in an unex- 
 plored field. His studies in Western history 
 resulted in the chapter entitled " The West, 
 1763-83," in "Winsor's Narrative and Criti- 
 cal History of America," vol. vi, 1888, and a 
 paper entitled " The Early Northwest ; the 
 President's Address, December 26^ 1888," in 
 the " Papers of the American Historical Asso- 
 ciation," vol. in. His article on the ordinance 
 of 1787 has attracted wide attention by rea- 
 son of the light it throws on an important 
 historical question, namely, the origin of the 
 article in that ordinance by which slavery was 
 prohibited in the Northwestern Territory, and 
 the great States afterwards therein founded 
 remained free from the curse of slavery. 
 
 In 1874-5, at Chicago, he edited a literary 
 
\ 
 
 monthly called "The Owl." This was a pre- 
 decessor of "The Dial," to which he was 
 a constant contributor. 
 
 Dr. Poole was an active member of the 
 American Historical Association, and he was 
 its President in 1887-88. He was also a 
 member of the American Antiquarian So- 
 ciety, the New-England Historic Genealogi- 
 cal Society, and the Essex Institute, all of 
 Massachusetts. He was a corresponding 
 member of the Historical Societies of Massa- 
 chusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, 
 Wisconsin and other States. 
 
 Dr. Poole was a member of this Club from 
 its beginning. He was influential in shaping 
 its original policy; and many of his best liter- 
 ary productions were first announced in its 
 scheme of literary exercises. No member 
 has given to it more valuable contributions. 
 He was elected President in 1887. 
 
 His powers were mature, and his reputa- 
 tion was established when he first came among 
 us, twenty years ago; and by his studious 
 scholarly habits, his reputation was increased 
 every remaining year of his life. His char- 
 acter was of the Puritan type, tempered by 
 23 
 
two hundred and fifty years of New England 
 civilization. He loved to commemorate the 
 virtues of his Puritan ancestors, to whose 
 memory he was as loyal as he was to his liv- 
 ing friends; but his life was a better exempli- 
 fication of Puritan virtues than anything ever 
 written about them. 
 
 He was a sincere, genuine man, whom 
 neither self-interest nor affection could swerve 
 from the line of perfect integrity. Writing 
 of him in "The Dial," William Morton Payne 
 says: 
 
 "The bibliographer and the historical student, 
 combined in William Frederick Poole, were known 
 to the world ; something better than these, the man 
 himself, was known to his friends. The brusque- 
 ness of his manner, at first, a little repellant to 
 those who came in contact with him, was soon seen 
 to be but the outward expression of a mental habit 
 of the rarest sincerity. And upon those who had 
 the privilege of his intimacy was made the impres- 
 sion, dominant above all others, of his absolute 
 integrity, intellectual and moral. They realized 
 that here was a man who simply could not think one 
 thing and say another, or swerve by so much as a 
 finger's breadth from what he believed to be the 
 right course, were the matter in question great or 
 small. Such men are none too common in the 
 world, and when one of them leaves it, his place, 
 34 
 
for those who have really known him, is not likely 
 to be filled again." 
 
 Dr. Poole was preeminent in his profession. 
 " In my opinion," says Mr. B. F. Stevens, of 
 London, " Dr. Poole was the most learned 
 and the most practical librarian in the United 
 States." In the service of two great libraries 
 he gave to Chicago the fruits of his ripe 
 experience. The value of his work in these 
 libraries cannot be overstated. Thirty-five 
 public libraries in Illinois, and many others 
 in the adjoining States, in the last twenty 
 years, have been helped by his advice, assist- 
 ance and influence. 
 
 He was a great teacher. To all who ap- 
 proached him, with serious literary purposes, 
 he gave information freely and in a spirit 
 that inspired others with his own enthusiasm 
 for books. 
 
 He was widely admired, at home and 
 abroad, for his exceptional scholarship and 
 knowledge. To be known as his friend, in 
 any of the great libraries of Europe, was the 
 best of introductions. If he was a man to be 
 admired for his attainments, still more was 
 he to be loved for his character, which was 
 formed for friendship. Impatient of shallow 
 
 *5 
 
and trifling natures, it was not easy for all to 
 approach him on familiar terms; but those 
 once admitted to his friendship, he held in a 
 life-long intimacy. 
 
 In this Club, to which he was devotedly 
 attached, he felt that he was among his 
 friends, to whom he gave without measure 
 and without reserve his entire confidence with 
 unfaltering loyalty. 
 
 His personality still seems to pervade this 
 place and all the places where he was best 
 known, so that one thinks of him, and will long 
 continue to think of him, as of a friend absent 
 on a journey. When death shall have extin- 
 guished these personal memories and associa- 
 tions, he will continue to be known, as he 
 rightfully expected finally to be known, by 
 the writings which he published. He con- 
 structed while living the monument that will 
 best preserve his memory. 
 
 Daniel L. Shorey, 
 Edward G. Mason, 
 James L, High, 
 William Eliot Furness, 
 John G. Shortall, 
 
 Committee. 
 26 
 
Appendix 
 
LIST OF WORKS BY 
 WILLIAM FREDERICK POOLE 
 
 AN ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO SUBJECTS 
 TREATED IN THE REVIEWS AND 
 OTHER PERIODICALS, to which no Indices 
 have been published. Prepared for the Library 
 of the Brothers-in-Unity, Yale College, 
 
 80; pp. iv, 154. New York, George P. Put- 
 nam, 1848. 
 
 AN INDEX TO PERIODICAL LITERATURE. 
 
 80; pp. X, 521. New York, Charles B. Norton, 
 1853. 
 AN INDEX TO PERIODICAL LITERATURE. 
 
 Third edition, brought down to January, 1882, 
 with the assistance of William L Fletcher, Assis- 
 tant Librarian of the Watkinson Library, Hart- 
 ford, Conn., and the co-operation of the American 
 Library Association and the Library Association 
 of the United Kingdom. 
 
 Royal 80; pp. xxvii, 1442. Boston, James R. 
 
 Osgood & Co., 1882. 
 
 —THE SAME. 
 
 In two volumes, Royal 80. Boston, Houghton, 
 Mifflin & Co. 
 
 29 
 
POOLE'S INDEX TO PERIODICAL LIT- 
 ERATURE; THE FIRST SUPPLEMENT, 
 
 from January i, 1882, to January i, 1887, by 
 William Frederick Poole, LL.D., Librarian of 
 the Newberry Library, Chicago, and William I. 
 Fletcher, A.M., Librarian of Amherst College. 
 
 Royal 80; pp. xiii, 483. Boston, Houghton, 
 
 Mifflin & Co., 1888. 
 
 DICTIONARIES IN THE BOSTON MER- 
 CANTILE LIBRARY AND BOSTON 
 ATHEN/EUM. 
 
 80; pp. 8. Springfield, Mass., G. & C. Mer- 
 riam, 1856. 
 
 WEBSTERIAN ORTHOGRAPHY; A REPLY 
 TO Dr, Noah Webster's Caluminators. 
 80; pp. 23. Boston, Crocker and Brewster, 
 1857. 
 
 THE ORTHOGRAPHICAL HOBGOBLIN. 
 
 By Philorthos [W. F. Poole]. 
 
 80; pp. 14. Springfield, Mass., G. & C. Mer- 
 riam, 1859. 
 
 THE POPHAM COLONY: A DISCUSSION OF 
 
 ITS Historical Claims, with a Bibliography 
 
 OF THE Subject. 
 
 Comprising: 
 
 I. The Last Popham Address, by William Fred- 
 erick Poole, reprinted from the Boston Daily 
 Advertiser, April 11, 1866, being a notice of 
 
the address of James W, Patterson, at the 
 258th Popham Anniversary, August 29, 1865. 
 
 2. "The Last Popham Address," by Edward 
 Ballard, reprinted from the Boston Daily Ad- 
 vertiser, April 21, 1866, being a reply to the 
 above notice. 
 
 3. "The Last Popham Address," by "Orient," 
 reprinted from the Portland Advertiser, April 
 26, 1866. 
 
 4. Popham Again and Finally, by William Fred- 
 erick Poole, reprinted from the Boston Daily 
 Advertiser, May 31, 1866, being a rejoinder. 
 
 5. The Popham Colony, " Finally," by Edward 
 Ballard, reprinted from the Boston Daily Ad- 
 vertiser, July 28, 1866. 
 
 6. A Running Review of the " Popham Again 
 and Finally," by Frederick Kidder, reprinted 
 from the Boston Daily Advertiser, July 28, 1866. 
 
 7. Bibliography of the Popham Colony, by Wil- 
 liam Frederick Poole. 
 
 8"; pp. 72. Boston, Wiggin and Lunt, 1866. 
 Edition 300 copies. 
 
 THE WONDER-WORKING PROVIDENCE 
 OF SION'S SAVIOUR IN NEW ENG- 
 LAND. By Captain Edward Johnson, of 
 WoBURN, Massachusetts Bay. London, 1654. 
 Reprinted with an Historical Introduc- 
 tion (pp. 139), BY William Frederick Poole, 
 AND AN Index (pp. 23); and Genealogy of 
 the Descendants of Captain Edward John- 
 
SON, BY John Alonzo Boutelle (pp. 15), 
 
 40 ; pp. 419. Andover, Mass., Warren F. 
 Draper, 1867. 
 
 Edition, 10 copies drawing paper, 50 copies 
 large paper, 250 copies small paper. 
 
 ANNE BRADSTREET, THE EARLY NEW 
 ENGLAND POETESS. 
 
 North American Review, 1868. Vol. 106, pp. 
 330-334- 
 THE POPHAM COLONY. 
 
 North American Review, October, 1868. Vol. 
 
 107, pp. 663-674. 
 
 THE MATHER PAPERS; COTTON MATHER 
 
 AND Salem Witchcraft. 
 Boston Daily Advertiser, October 28, 1868. 
 
 —THE SAME. 
 
 120; pp 23. Privately printed; Boston, 1868. 
 Edition 100 copies. 
 
 COTTON MATHER AND SALEM WITCH- 
 CRAFT. 
 
 North American Review, April, 1869. Vol. 
 
 108, pp. 337-397- 
 
 —THE SAME. 
 
 80 ; pp.63. Privately printed; Boston, 1869. 
 Edition 100 copies. 
 
 COTTON MATHER AND WITCHCRAFT; 
 
 Two Notices of Mr. Upham his Reply. 
 
 32 
 
From Christian Era, Boston, April 28, 1870, 
 and Watchman and Reflector, Boston, May 5, 
 1870. 
 
 Sq. 160; pp. 30. Boston, T. R. Marvin & Son; 
 
 London, Henry Stevens, May, 1870. 
 
 THE WITCHCRAFT DELUSION OF 169a. 
 By Governor Thomas Hutchinson, From an 
 unpublished MS. (an early draft of his History 
 of Massachusetts) in the Massachusetts archives. 
 With Notes by William Frederick Poole. 
 New England Historical and Genealogical Reg- 
 ister, October, 1870. Vol. 24, pp. 381-414. 
 
 —THE SAME. 
 
 Sm. 40 ; pp. 43. Privately printed. Boston, 
 1870. 
 
 THE TYLER-DAVIDSON FOUNTAIN. 
 
 8o;pp. 118. Cincinnati, 1872. 
 
 —THE SAME, Illustrated. 
 
 Royal 40. Cincinnati, 1872. 
 
 ANTI-SLAVERY OPINIONS BEFORE THE 
 YEAR 1800. Read before the Cincinnati 
 Literary Club, November 16, 1872. To 
 which is appended a fac simile Reprint of 
 Dr. George Buchanan's Oration on the 
 Moral and Political Evil of Slavery, de- 
 livered AT A public meeting OF THE MARY- 
 LAND Society for Promoting the Abolition 
 OF Slavery, Baltimore, July 4, 1791. 
 
 33 
 
80 ; pp. 82 and 20. Cincinnati, Robert Clarke 
 & Co., 1873. 
 
 THE ORDINANCE OF 1787, AND DR. 
 MANASSEH CUTLER AS AN AGENT IN 
 ITS FORMATION. 
 
 North American Review, April, 1876. Vol. 122, 
 pp. 229-265. 
 
 —THE SAME. 
 
 80 ; pp. 38. Cambridge, Mass., Welch, 
 Bigelow & Co., 1876. 
 
 THE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 
 OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES. In Special Report 
 on Public Libraries in the United States of Amer- 
 ica, pp. 476-504. Washington, Government 
 Printing Office, 1876. 
 
 THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIBRARY 
 BUILDINGS. Address at the meeting of the 
 American Library Association, held at Washing- 
 ton, D. C, February, 1881. 
 
 The Library Journal, April, 1881. Vol. 6, 
 
 pp. 69-77. 
 
 The American Architect and Building News, 
 
 September 17, 1881. Vol. 10, p. 131. 
 
 — THE SAME, with additions. Circular of In- 
 formation of the Bureau of Education. No. i, 
 1881. 
 
 80; pp. 26. Washington, Government Print- 
 ing Office, 1 88 1. 
 
 34 
 
WITCHCRAFT IN BOSTON. 
 
 In Winsor's Memorial History of Boston. Vol. 
 2, pp. 131-172. Boston, 1881. 
 
 REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF LIBRA- 
 RY ARCHITECTURE, AND RESOLUTIONS OF 
 
 THE Association concerning the Building 
 FOR THE Library of Congress. Address at 
 the meeting of the American Library Association, 
 held at Cincinnati, Ohio, May 24-27, 1882. 
 
 The Library Journal, July-August, 1882. Vol. 
 
 7, pp. 130-136. 
 
 —THE SAME. 
 
 8°; pp. 16. Boston [American Library Asso- 
 ciation], Secretary's Office, 1882. 
 
 REMARKS ON LIBRARY CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 To which is appended an Examination of Mr. J. 
 L. Smithmeyer's Pamphlet entitled, " Suggestions 
 on Library Architecture, American and Foreign." 
 
 80; pp. 34. Chicago, Jansen, McClurg & 
 
 Co., 1884. 
 
 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY OF OUR TIME. 
 
 The President's Address at the meeting of the 
 American Library Association held at Round 
 Island, N. Y., August 30-September 2, 1887. 
 
 The Library Journal, September-October, 
 
 1887, Vol. 2, pp. 311-320. 
 
 —THE SAME. 
 
 80; pp. 10. Privately printed, 1887. 
 
 35 
 
THE WEST; FROM THE TREATY OF PEACE 
 
 WITH France, 1763, to the Treaty of Peace 
 
 WITH England, 1783. 
 
 In Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of 
 America. Vol. 6, pp. 685-743. Boston, 1888. 
 
 THE EARLY NORTHWEST. ADDRESS AS 
 
 President of the American Historical 
 Association, at its Fifth Annual Meeting, 
 Washington, D. C, December 26, 1888. 
 
 Papers of the American Historical Association. 
 
 Vol. 3, pp. 275-300. 
 
 —THE SAME. 
 
 80; pp. 26. New York, The Knickerbocker 
 Press, 1889. 
 
 ROOSEVELT'S "THE WINNING OF THE 
 WEST." 
 
 Atlantic Monthly, November 1889. Vol. 64, 
 pp. 693-700. 
 
 THE ORDINANCE OF 1787; A REPLY. 
 
 The Inlander, Ann Arbor, Mich., January, 1892, 
 pp. 169-181. 
 
 —THE SAME. 
 
 pp. 15. Privately printed. Ann Arbor, 1892. 
 
 COLUMBUS AND THE FINDING OF THE 
 NEW WORLD. 
 
 Northwestern Christian Advocate, October 19, 
 1892. 
 
 36 
 
—THE SAME. 
 
 i6o; pp. 19. Privately printed. Chicago, 
 
 1892. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY AND THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY CURRICULUM. Pm BETA 
 
 Kappa Address Northwestern University, 
 
 June 13, 1893. 
 
 120; pp 55. Chicago, Fleming H. Revell 
 Company, 1894. 
 
 BOOK REVIEWS AND OTHER ARTICLES 
 
 Contributed to " The Dial," Chicago. 
 
 In Volume I, 1880-81. 
 Hildreth's History of the United States. 
 
 p. I. 
 Dexter's History of Congregationalism. 
 
 p. 69. 
 Winsor's Memorial History of Boston, p. 152. 
 Father Louis Hennepin, p. 253. 
 
 In Volume II, 1881-82. 
 Lodge's History of the English Colonies in 
 
 America, p. 32. 
 The Yorktown Campaign, 1781. p. iii. 
 LossiNG's Popular CYCLOPi^DiA of United 
 
 States History, p. 209. 
 General Arthur St. Clair, pp. 227-251. 
 
 In Volume III, 1882-83. 
 General Arthur St. Clair and the Ordi- 
 nance of 1787. p. 13. 
 
 37 
 
Doyle's English Colonies in America, p. 221. 
 McMaster's History of the United States; 
 Volume I. p. 271. 
 
 In Volume IV, 1883-84. 
 The Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts. 
 
 p. 32. 
 German Mercenaries in the Revolutionary 
 
 War. p. 305. 
 
 In Volume V, 1884-85. 
 Thomas Hutchinson, p. 54. 
 Discoveries of America; The Lost Atlantis 
 
 Theory, p. 97. 
 Arnold's Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 261. 
 The Pocahontas Story, p. 318. 
 
 In Volume VI, 1885-86. 
 Hosmer's Samuel Adams, p. 65. 
 McMaster's History of the United States; 
 
 Volume II. p. no. 
 WiNSOR's Narrative and Critical History 
 
 OF America, p. 317. 
 
 In Volume VII, 1886-87. 
 
 Thomas Hutchinson, p. 102, 
 
 Preston's Documents Illustrative of Amer- 
 ican History, p. 155. 
 
 Adams' The Emancipation of Massachusetts. 
 p. 263. 
 
 In Volume VIII, 1887-88. 
 The Cessions of the Western Lands, p. 285. 
 
 38 
 
WiNSOR's Narrative and Critical History 
 
 OF America, p. 337. 
 
 In Volume IX, 1888 89. 
 WiNSOR's Narrative and Critical History 
 
 OF America, p. 127, 
 Hosmer's Sir Henry Vane. p. 317. 
 
 In Volume XI, 1890-91. 
 The Persistence of Historic Myths, p. 43. 
 Economic and Social History of New Eng- 
 land, p. 279. 
 
 In Volume XII, 1891-92. 
 John Dickinson, p. 71. 
 Christopher Columbus, p. 421. 
 
 In Volume XIII, 1892. 
 Patrick Henry, p. 41. 
 
 In Volume XVI, 1894. 
 Massachusetts; An Object Lesson, p. 74. 
 
 ARTICLES AND REVIEWS 
 
 Contributed to Various Newspapers. 
 
 [This list is not complete but includes the more 
 important articles.] 
 
 The Mather Bibliography. 
 
 Boston Daily Advertiser, August 15, 1870. 
 
 Nathaniel Mather. 
 
 Salem, Mass., Register, September, 12, 1870. 
 
 39 
 
George Bancroft's Tenth Volume of the 
 History of the United States. 
 Chicago Tribune, December i8, 1874. Re- 
 printed in the Boston Transcript, July 7, 1875. 
 
 Yale in 1700. 
 
 Chicago Tribune, January 10, 1875. 
 
 Palfrey's New England; 4th Volume. 
 Chicago Tribune, March 25, 1876. 
 
 Early American Books. 
 
 Chicago Times, May 12, 1876. 
 
 Rutherford B. Hayes. 
 
 Chicago Evening Journal, June 17, 1876. 
 
 Sam Peters and His Blue Laws. 
 Chicago Tribune, December 22, 1877. 
 
 Yale in Literature. 
 
 Chicago Times, January 6, 1878, 
 
 Samuel Sew all's Diary. 
 
 Chicago Tribune, November 8, 1879. 
 
 The Bayard Family. 
 
 Chicago Evening Journal, July 8, 1880. 
 
 John Esten Cooke's History of Virginia. 
 Chicago Tribune, September 22, 1883. 
 
 Fraudulent Mather Letter on " Bagging 
 Penn." 
 Chicago Tribune, May 23, 1870; June 11, 1870; 
 August 10, 1878; August 17, 1878; December 9, 
 1878. 
 
 40 
 
Fraudulent Mather Letter. 
 
 Chicago Evening Post, May 26, 1891; January 
 13, 1892. 
 
 PAPERS READ BEFORE THE CINCIN- 
 NATI LITERARY CLUB 
 
 November 16, 1872. 
 On the Anti-Slavery Movement uefore 1800. 
 
 December 21, 1872. 
 The Ordinance of 1787. 
 
 PAPERS READ BEFORE THE CHICAGO 
 LITERARY CLUB 
 
 April 19, 1875. 
 The Origin and Secret History of the Or- 
 dinance OF 1787. 
 
 May 14, 1877. 
 The Opportunities of the Man of Means 
 and Leisure (Conversation). 
 
 November 11, 1878. 
 The Mission and Function of Public Li- 
 braries, 
 
 October 6, 1879. 
 Inaugural Address as President of the 
 Club, 
 
 April 17, 1882. 
 Witchcraft (Conversation). 
 
 41 
 
May 28, 1883. 
 Mr. Bancroft and the Ordinance of 1787. 
 
 February 4, 1889. 
 Some Matters Relating to the Early 
 Northwest. 
 
 October 24, 1892. 
 Columbus as a Discoverer and as a Man 
 (Conversation). 
 
 November 27, 1893. 
 Our Modern Education and the University 
 Curriculum. 
 
 This paper was first read before the Phi Beta 
 Kappa Society at the Northwestern University, 
 June 13, 1893, and was afterward (1894) published 
 under the title of The University Library 
 and the University Curriculum. 
 
 42