ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3051 00005 2518 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/supplementtofina80hugh F^ 80 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTES NOVEMBER 1976 • NUMBER 80 * • ••••••••••••••• ••••••• • ••••••••••••••« •• •*••*••••••••••••*••••••••••••♦ SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL REPORT ON THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES IN NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS George M. Hughes, John A. Schleicher, and Keros Cartwright • • • • • ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Jack A. Simon, Chief • Urbana, IL 61801 Supplement to the Final Report on the HYDROGEOLOGY OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES IN NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS George M. Hughes*, John A. Schleicher , and Keros Cartwright INTRODUCTION In 1966 the Illinois State Geological Survey received a demonstra- tion grant from the Solid Waste Management Office of the United States Envi- ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) to study the hydrogeology of solid waste disposal sites in northeastern Illinois (Fig. l). This work was completed in 1970 and a final report was submitted to the Solid Waste Management Office (Hughes et al. , 1971a). The Illinois State Geological Survey continued to gather data from the disposal sites until the spring of 1973; this report represents a compilation of those , . T wis. CLcLbEL • ill There have "been no major changes in the conclusions and interpreta- tions presented in the Geological Survey's final report to the EPA. However, additional work was neces- sary to verify the data on infiltra- tion and water quality since that phase of the final report was based on only one year of records. Basic data, such as the location of the borings, have not been included in this supplemental report. The reader should refer to Hughes et al. ( 1971a and b) for this information. This report is divided into two parts. The first deals with the hy- drogeology of the solid waste dis- posal sites; the second deals with the quality of the water in the vi- cinity of these sites. The appendix lists the analytical procedures that were used. Woodstock landfill MC H£NRr CO Elgin landfill •-J I • Du Poge County landfill I Blockwell Forest ! Preserve landfill ■ ! DU PAC£ CO J -- 1 lOMiles =3 Fig. 1 - Locations of landfill sites investigated. ^Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario CANADA M4-V 1P5 . 1 HYDROGEOLOGIC DATA Infiltration Tat>le 1 (an updating of Table 19 in Hughes et al., 1971a) presents data on infiltration and specific yield at four landfill sites for the period 1968 to 1972. This table shows that: l) Calculations of recharge (cumulative annual rise in the hydrograph x specific yield), based on continuous hydro- graphs, and calculations of recharge, based on hydrographs constructed from weekly measurements, yield similar values. 2) The values for the specific yield (effective porosity) of the refuse are on the order of 25 percent and do not show decreasing values with increasing age of refuse, as was indicated by Hughes et al. ( 1971a, Fig. 23). 3) In most cases variations in the annual precipitation resulted in similar variation in annual recharge. h) Annual re- charge was, for the most part, less than one-half of the annual precipitation. Depending upon climatic conditions and upon recharge by precipita- tion, production of leachate in the landfill can occur in all months of the year. Figure 2 is a graph of the cumulative monthly hydrograph rise at DupLW7 Oct. ' Nov. ' Dec. ' Jan. ' Feb. ' Mar. ' Apr. ' May 'June ' July ' Aug. ' Sept. 1 Oct. Fig. 2 - Graph showing cumulative monthly hydrograph rise from October 1, 1968 to October 1, 1972. Q ►J W H fH u (-1 H U W Cu C/3. o H fe 2 o <: < Q rJ « O O 00 rH On 1 i i i i 1 1 un 3 as -J -a- rH e>> 1 00 —1 o> en on c CQ CN o un o o r~» CN C^ rH » CN NO . O CQ un un un un CN o rH un rH O en r~~ CO ■H oo NO cn r-» en i un m l O O en en 00 sD I un ^ 3 • • un en • • as un cn i-i rJ en rH l o OO un un as ^ -a- sD en ^D CN rH rH rH rH <3J ON o rH £) CN rH rH rH rH r-- r^ u~l en 3 Q f^ m rH -3- m o en o o r» 00 o^ en cn en r^ m 00 00 O O H o o CN 00 en I r~- r^ 1 o 00 en on 00 vD l un CN m CN <■ 3 • un en • cjn O CN - m m un -j- en vO o CN rH rH rH rH r^ rn oo un cn NO rH CN >i> vO rH O rH H CJ l-i o u u U-l o cu O (U U O CU o CU a m CU a -i en u U U) •o o. u 3 3 en 3 rH >N OJ >% O >s O r^ 3 >. o eu H M rH 3 ^! 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The following conclusions can be drawn from these data: l) There is little recharge in January or February because the ground is frozen. 2) In March, April, and early May, recharge is greatest because of the spring thaw, the high precipitation, and the low evapo-transpiration during these months. 3) By late May the temperature has increased and vege- tation is established so that recharge decreases as the evapo-transpiration increases; during the period from late May through August, recharge occurs only after a series of relatively large rainfalls. k) In September, October, November, and December temperatures are again lower, vegetation is dying, and evapo-transpiration has decreased; during these months there is usually a significant amount of recharge, though not as large as that occurring in the spring. Figure 3 is a graph of the percentage of the monthly precipitation that infiltrates through the landfill to the water table. These data illus- trate the fact that the production of recharge and leachate is related not only to monthly precipitation, but also to soil moisture conditions, freezing or thawing conditions , and the intensity and duration of individual precipi- tation events. Recharge that is in excess of that normally caused by precipi- tation may be caused by snow and brief winter thaws, as is illustrated in Figure 3 by the high recharge values for January 1969, February 1971, and Feb- ruary 19T2. 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